'em
[Em; Em] pron (infml 口) = them: * Don't let 'em get away! 别让他们跑掉!

'un
[En; En] pron (infml 口) one 人; 事物: * That's a good 'un! eg a good photograph, joke, excuse. 那个可真好! （如照片、 玩笑、 藉口等） * He went fishing and caught a big 'un. 他去钓鱼, 钓到一条大的.

(US)
paed(o)-.

-acy
=> -cy.

-ade
suff 後缀 (with countable ns forming uncountable ns 与可数名词结合构成不可数名词) drink made from or tasting of the specified fruit 由某种水果制成的或有某种水果味道的饮料: orangeade.

-al
suff 後缀 1 (with ns forming adjs 与名词结合构成形容词) of or concerning ...的; 关於...的: magical * verbal. 2 (with vs forming ns 与动词结合构成名词) process or state of...: recital * survival. > -ally (with sense 1 forming advs 与上述第1义的词结合构成副词): sensationally.

-ana
=> -iana.

-ard
suff 後缀 (with adjs forming ns 与形容词结合构成名词) having the specified (usu negative) quality 具有某种（通常为否定的）品质: drunkard * dullard.

-arian
suff 後缀 (forming ns and adjs 用以构成名词和形容词) believing in; practising 相信...的（人）; 实行...的（人）: humanitarian * disciplinarian.

-ary
suff 後缀 (with ns forming adjs and ns 与名词结合构成形容词及名词) concerned with; of 有关...的; ...的: planetary * reactionary * budgetary * commentary.

-ation
=> -ion.

-ative
suff 後缀 (with vs forming adjs 与动词结合构成形容词) doing or tending to do (sth) 与做（某事物）有...关系的; 有...倾向的; 有...性质的: illustrative * imitative * talkative. > -atively (forming advs 用以构成副词): quantitatively.

-ator
suff 後缀 (with vs forming ns 与动词结合构成名词) person or thing that performs the specified action 做某动作的人或事物: creator * percolator.

-bodied
[-'bCdid; -badid] (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having the specified type of body 有某种躯体的: * big-bodied * able-bodied * full-bodied.

-cide
comb form 构词成分 (forming ns 用以构成名词) 1 act of killing sb 杀（人）: genocide * patricide. 2 person or thing that kills 可致死的人或物: insecticide * fungicide. 派生： -cidal comb form 构词成分 (forming adjs 用以构成形容词) of or related to killing 杀的; 有关杀的: homicidal.

-cracy
comb form 构词成分 (forming ns 用以构成名词) government or rule of 统治: democracy * technocracy * bureaucracy. Cf 参看 -crat.

-crat
comb form 构词成分 (forming ns 用以构成名词) member or supporter of a type of government or rule 某政体或统治形式的成员或拥护者: democrat * technocrat * bureaucrat. > -cratic (forming adjs 用以构成形容词): aristocratic.

-cy
(also -acy) suff 後缀 1 (with adjs and ns forming ns 与形容词和名词结合构成名词) state or quality of 状态; 性质: accuracy * supremacy * infancy. 2 (with ns forming ns 与名词结合构成名词) status or position of 地位; 职位: baronetcy * chaplaincy.

-dom
suff 後缀 1 (with vs and adjs forming ns 与动词和形容词结合构成名词) condition or state of ...的状况或地位: boredom * freedom. 2 (with ns 与名词结合) (a) rank or domain of ...的职位、 级别、 地位或领域: dukedom * kingdom. (b) group of ...的群体: officialdom.

-ectomy
comb form 构词成分 (forming ns 用以构成名词) indicating removal by surgical operation （指通过外科手术）切除, 截除: tonsillectomy * appendectomy.

-ee
suff 後缀 1 (with vs forming ns 与动词结合构成名词) person affected by 受动者: employee * payee. Cf 参看 -er, -or. 2 (with adjs, vs and ns forming ns 与形容词、 动词、 名词结合构成名词) person described as or concerned with 形容为...的人; 与...有关的人: absentee * refugee.

-eer
suff 後缀 1 (with ns forming ns 与名词结合构成名词) person concerned with 与...有关的人: auctioneer * mountaineer. 2 (with ns forming vs 与名词结合构成动词) (often derog 常作贬义) be concerned with 与...有关: electioneer * profiteer.

-ery
(also -ry) suff 後缀 1 (with vs and ns forming ns 与动词和名词结合构成名词) (a) place where ...的地方: bakery * brewery. (b) art or practice of ...的艺术或技术: cookery * pottery. 2 (with ns and adjs forming usu uncountable ns 与名词和形容词结合构成（通常为不可数）名词) (a) state or character of ...的状态或性质: snobbery * bravery * rivalry. (b) group or collection of ...的聚集: machinery * greenery * gadgetry.

-ese
suff 後缀 1 (with proper ns forming adjs and ns与专有名词结合构成形容词和名词) (inhabitant or language) of ...的; ...的人; ...的语言: (the) Milanese * (the) Japanese. 2 (with ns forming ns 与名词结合构成名词) (esp derog 尤作贬义) in the literary style of...的文体; ...的风格: journalese * officialese.

-esque
suff 後缀 (used with ns to form adjs 与名词结合构成形容词) in the style or manner of ...的风格;...的方式: statuesque * Kiplingesque.

-ess
suff 後缀 (with ns forming ns 与名词结合构成名词) female 女的; 雌性的; 母的; 牝: lioness * actress. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: The `feminine' suffixes -ess and -ette, in such words as poetess and usherette, are frequently avoided today, because it is unnecessary to make a distinction between men and women doing the same job. *-ess和-ette这两个後缀表示‘女的’之意（如poetess和usherette）, 现在已尽量避免使用, 因无必要将做同一工作的人区分男女. The same word can often be used to apply to both sexes 同一词往往用於男女均可: author, host, manager, usher. The use of an alternative word is sometimes possible; for example, instead of headmaster or headmistress we can use headteacher. 有时可用其他词替换, 如用headteacher而不用headmaster或headmistress.

-ette
suff 後缀 (with ns forming ns 与名词结合构成名词) 1 small 小的: cigarette * kitchenette. 2 imitation 仿制: flannelette * leatherette. 3 female 女性: usherette. =>Usage at -ess 用法见ess.

-ey
=>-Y1.

-ful
suff 後缀 1 with ns and vs forming adjs 与名词和动词结合构成形容词; full of; having qualities of; liable to 充满...的; 有...性质的; 有...倾向的: beautiful * masterful * forgetful. 2 (with ns forming ns 与名词结合构成名词) amount that fills 充满...的量: handful * mouthful.

-fy
=> -ify.

-gamy
comb form 构词成分 (forming ns 用以构成名词) marriage or sexual union 结婚; 两性结合: monogamy * polygamy. > -gamous, -gamously (forming adjs and advs 用以构成形容词和副词).

-gon
comb form 构词成分 (forming ns 用以构成名词) figure with a specified number of angles 有若干角的图形: octagon, polygon, etc. 派生： -gonal[-gEnEl; -gEnl] comb form 构词成分 (forming adjs 用以构成形容词) of or in the shape of such a figure 有若干角形的: * octagonal, polygonal, etc.

-graphy
comb form 构词成分 (forming ns 用以构成名词) 1 indicating a form of writing, representation, etc 表示书写、 表现等的形式: calligraphy * photography. 2 indicating an art or a descriptive science 表示某种艺术或描述性的学科: choreography * geography. 派生： -grapher comb form 构词成分 (forming ns 用以构成名词) person who does such an activity 从事该项活动的人: photographer * geographer.

-ial
suff 後缀 (with ns forming adjs 与名词结合构成形容词) characteristic of 有...特性的: dictatorial * managerial* editorial. > -ially (forming advs 用以构成副词): officially.

-ian
(also -an) suff 後缀 1 (with proper ns formingns and adjs 与专有名词结合构成名词和形容词): Bostonian * Brazilian * Shakespearian * Libran. 2 (with ns ending in -ics forming ns 与-ics结尾的名词结合构成名词) specialist in 专长於...: optician * paediatrician.

-iana
(also -ana) suff 後缀 (with proper ns forming uncountable ns 与专有名词结合构成不可数名词) collection of objects (esp publications), facts, anecdotes, etc relating to 涉及...方面的事实、 轶事、 物品（尤指出版物）的收藏品; ...集选; ...文献汇编: Victoriana * Mozartiana * Americana.

-iatrics
comb form 构词成分 (forming ns 用以构成名词) medical treatment of 对...的医疗: paediatrics. > -iatric, -iatrical (forming adjs 用以构成形容词). Cf 参看 -iatry.

-iatry
comb form 构词成分 (forming ns 用以构成名词) healing or medical treatment of 对...的治疗: psychiatry. > -iatric (forming adjs 用以构成形容词). Cf 参看 -iatrics.

-ic
[-ik; -ik] suff 後缀 1 (with ns forming adjs and ns 与名词结合构成形容词和名词) of or concerning ...的;关於...的: * poetic * scenic * Arabic. 2 (with vs ending in -y forming adjs 与以y结尾的动词结合构成形容词) that performs the specified action 表示该动词所指动作或行为的: * horrific * specific. > -ical[-ikl; -ikl] (forming adjs 用以构成形容词): * comical. -ically[-ikli; -ikli] (forming advs 用以构成副词): * economically. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Both -ic and -ical form adjectives from nouns *-ic和-ical型的形容词都是由名词派生的: scene/scenic; sociology/sociological. Some nouns form pairs of adjectives with both -ic and -ical which have different meanings 有些名词可派生出成对的有-ic和-ical这两种词尾的形容词, 但意义各异: history/historic (of great significance 指有重大意义的)[historical (belonging to history 属於历史的); economy/economic (concerned with the economy 有关经济的)[economical (not wasteful 不浪费的). Other examples are 其他例子有 comic/comical, politic/political, classic/classical, poetic/poetical. Sometimes the pairs are almost synonymous 有时这成对的形容词几乎同义: rhythmic/rhythmical. Note that the adverb is derived from the -ical form 注意副词是由-ical型派生的: comically, poetically, rhythmically, etc.

-ics
suff 後缀 (forming ns 用以构成名词) science, art or activity of ...的学科、 艺术或活动: aesthetics * athletics * graphics * acrobatics * dramatics.

-ide
suff 後缀 (chemistry 化) (with ns 与名词结合) compound of a particular chemical element （某些化学元素的）化物: chloride * sulphide.

-ify
(also -fy) suff 後缀 (with ns and adjs forming vs 与名词和形容词结合构成动词) make or become 使得; 变成: solidify * speechify.

-ise
=> -ize.

-ish
suff 後缀 1 (with ns forming adjs and ns 与名词结合构成形容词和名词) (language or people) of the specified nationality 某国家或某民族（语言或民族）: Danish * Irish. 2 (with ns forming adjs 与名词结合构成形容词) (esp derog 尤作贬义) of the nature of; resembling ...性的; ...一样的; 像...似的: childish * bookish * stand-offish. 3 (with adjs 与形容词结合) somewhat; approximately 稍为...的; 有点儿...的: reddish * twentyish. > -ishly (with sense 2 forming advs 按上述第2义构成副词).

-ist
suff 後缀 1 (with vs ending in -ize forming ns 与以-ize结尾的动词结合构成名词): dramatist * publicist. 2 (with ns ending in -ism 与以-ism结尾的名词结合) believer in; practiser of ...的信仰者; ...主义者; ...实行者: atheist * socialist. 3 (with ns forming ns 与名词结合构成名词) person concerned with 从事...的人; ...专业人员: physicist * motorist * violinist. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Both -ist and -ite form nouns indicating people who have certain beliefs. *-ist-ite都可用以构成名词, 指有某种信仰的人. -ist suggests a strong belief in a theory, religion, etc *-ist指对某学说、 宗教等有坚定信念的人: She's a convinced Marxist, Buddhist, etc. 她是坚定的马克思主义者、 佛教徒等. Nouns with -ite generally indicate a follower of someone or a member of a group. *-ite型的名词一般指某人的追随者或某集团的成员. They are often used in a derogatory way 这类名词常用於贬义: a committee full of Unionites, Thatcherites, etc 主要由工会成员、 撒切尔夫人的支持者等组成的委员会.

-ite
suff 後缀 (with proper ns forming ns 与专有名词结合构成名词) follower or supporter of 追随者; 支持者: Labourite * Thatcherite. =>Usage at -ist 用法见-istist.

-ition
=> -ion.

-itis
suff 後缀 (with ns forming uncountable ns 与名词结合构成不可数名词) 1 (medical 医) inflammatory disease of ...炎症; ...炎: appendicitis * tonsillitis. 2 (infml esp joc 口, 尤作戏谑语) excessive interest in or exposure to 过分沉迷於...; ...迷、 癖或狂: World Cup-itis.

-ity
suff 後缀 (with adjs forming ns 与形容词结合构成名词): purity * oddity.

-ive
suff 後缀 (with vs forming ns and adjs 与动词结合构成名词和形容词) (person or thing) having a tendency to or the quality of 有...倾向的或有...性质的（人或事物）: explosive * captive * descriptive.

-leaved
(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having leaves of the specified type or number 有某种类型的叶的; 有若干叶片的: a broad-leaved plant * a three-leaved clover.

-legged
(forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having legs of the specified number or type 有若干条腿的; 有某类型的腿的: a ,three-legged `stool *,bare-`legged * ,long-`legged * ,cross-`legged.

-lith
comb form 构词成分 (forming ns 用以构成名词) of stone or rock 石的; 岩石的: monolith * megalith. > -lithic (forming adjs 用以构成形容词): palaeolithic.

-logue
(US -log) comb form 构词成分 (forming ns 用以构成名词) talk or speech 话; 谈话: monologue * travelogue.

-logy
comb form 构词成分 (forming ns 用以构成名词) 1 subject of study 论; 学: mineralogy * sociology * theology * zoology. 2 speech or writing 语言; 文字: trilogy * phraseology * tautology. 派生： -logic(al) comb form 构词成分 (forming adjs 用以构成形容词): physiologic(al) * pathological. -logist comb form 构词成分 (forming ns 用以构成名词) person skilled in a subject of study 某学科学者: biologist * geologist.

-ly
[-li; -li] suff 後缀 1 (used fairly widely with ns to form adjs 可与很多名词结合构成形容词) having the qualities of 具有某性质的: * cowardly * scholarly. 2 (with ns forming adjs and advs 与名词结合构成形容词和副词) occurring at intervals of 每隔某时间发生: * hourly * daily. 3 (used widely with adjs to form advs 可与大量形容词结合构成副词) in the specified manner 以某方式: * happily * stupidly.

-ment
suff 後缀 (with vs forming ns 与动词结合构成名词) result or means of ...的结果或手段: development * government. > -mental (forming adjs 用以构成形容词). -mentally (forming advs 用以构成副词).

-ness
[ -nIs; -nIs/ suff 後缀 (with adjs forming uncountablens 与形容词结合构成不可数名词) quality, state or character of ...的性质、 状态或特点: dryness * silliness.

-oid
suff 後缀 (with adjs and ns 与形容词和名词结合) resembling; similar to 像...的; 似...的: humanoid * rhomboid.

-ory
suff 後缀 (with vs and ns forming adjs 与动词和名词结合构成形容词): inhibitory * congratulatory.

-ous
suff 後缀 (with ns forming adjs 与名词结合构成形容词) having the qualities or character of 具有...性质或特徵的: poisonous * mountainous * glorious. > -ously (forming advs 用以构成副词): grievously. -ousness (forming uncountable ns 用以构成不可数名词): spaciousness.

-pathy
comb form 构词成分 (forming ns 用以构成名词) 1 method of treating disease 疗法: homeopathy * osteopathy. 2 feeling 感觉: telepathy. 派生： -path comb form 构词成分 (forming ns 用以构成名词) doctor using a particular method of treating disease 使用某种疗法的专门医生: homeopath * osteopath. -pathic comb form 构词成分 (forming adjs 用以构成形容词): homeopathic * telepathic.

-philia
comb form 构词成分 (forming ns 用以构成名词) 1 (esp abnormal) love of or fondness for （尤指不正常的）爱, 迷, 癖好. 2 inclination towards 倾向; 亲; 嗜: haemophilia. Cf 参看 -phobia. 派生： -phile (also -phil) comb form 构词成分 (forming ns and adjs 用以构成名词和形容词) (person who is) fond of 爱好（者）: Anglophile * bibliophile. Cf 参看 -phobe (-phobia). -philiac (forming adjs 用以构成形容词).

-ry
=> -ery.

-scape
suff 後缀 (with ns forming ns 与名词结合构成名词) (picture of a) view of 景色（的画）: landscape * seascape.

-shooter
(in compound ns 用以构成复合名词)1 person who shoots 射手: a `sharpshooter 神枪手.2 thing that shoots 发射装置: a `pea-shooter 豆子枪 * a `six-shooter 装六发子弹的手枪.

-sion
=>-ion.

-ster
suff 後缀 (with ns and adjs forming ns 与名词和形容词结合构成名词) person connected with or having the quality of 与...有关的人; 有...品性的人: gangster * prankster * youngster.

-th
suff 後缀 1 (with a few vs and adjs forming ns 与少数动词及形容词结合构成名词): growth * width. 2 (with simple numbers except one, two and three forming ordinal numbers 与除one、 two和three以外的基数词构成序数词): sixth * fifteenth * hundredth.

-tion
=> -ion.

-ure
suff 後缀 1 (with vs forming ns 与动词结合构成名词) action or process of ...的动作或过程: closure * failure * seizure. 2 (with vs or ns forming ns 与动词或名词结合构成名词) group or thing having a specific function 有某功能的团体或事物: legislature * prefecture.

-xion
=> -ion.

1[
'font-family:Kingsoft Phonetic Plain'>kEu'C:dinEt; ko'Crdnit] n 1 (often 常作 coordinate) either of two numbers or letters used to fix the position of a point on a graph or map 坐标: * the x and y coordinates on a graph 图表上的x和y坐标 * coordinates of latitude and longitude 经纬度 * [attrib 作定语] co-ordinate geometry, ie geometry using co-ordinates 解析几何. =>illus at map 见map. 2 co-ordinates [pl] matched items of women's clothing （女子的）配套衣物. 复合： co-ordinate `clause (grammar) one of two or more clauses in a sentence that are equal in importance, have similar patterns and are often joined by and, or, but, etc 并列分句（一个句子中所含有的至少两个地位相等、 结构相似的分句之一, 常以and、 or、 but等词相连接）. Cf 参看 subordinate clause (subordinate).

= boatswain.
bosom

= forecastle.
focus

= nonesuch.
non-U

=> belly. belly.">
belligerent

=> do3 3. do3 3.">
dosage

=> go1. go1.">
goggle

=> have. have.">
has-been

=> square2 5. square2 5.">
TT

=> tin. tin.">
tin-pan alley

=>T, t.T, t.">
TM

=rat.
rat-a-tat-tat

[
'font-family:Kingsoft Phonetic Plain'>7self ditE:mi'neiFn; 7selfdi7tEmi'neFEn] n [U] right of a nation, people, etc to decide what form of government it will have or whether it will be independent of another country or not （国家、 民族等的）自决权.

A
bomb

a
1[ei; e] n (pl A's, a's/eiz; ez/) 1 the first letter of the English alphabet 英语字母表的第一个字母: * `Ann' begins with (an) A/`A'. Ann一字以A字母开始. 2 (music 音) the sixth note in the scale of C major C大调音阶中的第六音或音符. 3 academic mark indicating the highest standard of work 学业成绩达最高标准的评价符号: * get (an) A/`A' in biology 生物（学科）得A. 4 (used to designate a range of standard paper sizes 用以标明一系列标准纸张的规格): * [attrib 作定语] an A4 folder A4纸张大小的文件夹，即297 x 210 mm. 5 (idm 习语) A1[7ei 'wQn; 5e'wQn] (infml 口) excellent; first rate 极好的; 头等的; 第一流的: * an A1 dinner 一顿美餐 * I'm feeling A1, ie very well. 我身体好极了. from A to B from one place to another 从一处到另一处: * I don't care what a car looks like as long as it gets me from A to B. 我倒不在乎汽车的样子, 只要能把我从一处载到另一处就行了. from A to Z from beginning to end; thoroughly 从头到尾; 彻底地: * know a subject from A to Z 精通一科目. 复合：A-OK[7ei Eu'kei; 7e o'ke] adj [usu pred 通常作表语] (US infml 口) emphatically OK 极佳; 顶呱呱. Cf 参看 okay. A-road[5ei rEud; 5e 7rod] n (Brit) major road, less important than a motorway but usu wider and straighter than a B-road A级公路（重要性次於高速公路的主干公路, 但通常比B级公路宽且直）: * There's a good A-road going North -- the A1. 有一条良好的A级公路通往北方--A级1号公路. A-side n (music recorded on the) first or main side of a single-play gramophone record （单曲唱片的）A面, 正面（上的乐曲）.

a fortiori
[7ei 7fC:ti'C:rai; 7e7fCrti'C7rai] (Latin 拉) for this stronger reason 因为这一更充分理由; 更加: * If he can afford a luxury yacht, then a fortiori he can afford to pay his debts. 他若能买得起豪华的快艇, 就更能匀出钱来还债了.

a la carte
[7a: la: 'ka:t; 7alE'kart] (of a restaurant meal) ordered as separate items from a menu, not at a fixed price for the complete meal （指饭馆的饭菜）按菜单分别点菜的（而非定价套餐）: * We only have an a la carte menu. 我们只有分类菜单. Cf 参看 table d'hote.

a la mode
[7a: la: 'mEud; 7alE'mod] 1 fashionable 时髦的; 流行的. 2 (US) (of food) served with ice-cream （指食物）加上冰激凌的: * apple pie a la mode 苹果饼加冰激凌.

A level
[5ei levl; 5e levl] (infml 口) = advanced level (advance): * When are you taking A level/your A levels? 你什麽时候参加（英国普通教育文凭的）高级考试? * How many A levels have you got? 你在（英国普通教育文凭的）高级考试中有几项及格? Cf 参看 O level, GCSE.

a posteriori
[7ei 7pCsteri5C:rai; 5epas7teri5Crai] (using reasoning that proceeds) from known facts to probable causes, eg saying `The boys are very tired so they must have walked a long way.’ （用推理方法）由已知事实推测出原因（如说‘孩子们很疲倦, 那麽他们一定走了很长的路.’） Cf 参看 a priori.

a priori
[7ei prai'C:rai; 5eprai'Crai] (using reasoning that proceeds) from known causes to imagined effects, eg saying `They've been walking all day so they must be hungry.’ （用推理方法）由已知原因推测出结果（如说: * ‘他们走了一整天, 那麽他们一定饿了.’） Cf 参看 a posteriori.

a/c
abbr 缩写 = (commerce 商) account (current) （往来）帐户: charge to a/c 319054 记入319054号帐户 * a/c payee only, ie on cheques 限入受款人帐户（支票上的用语）.

A/S level
[ei 'es levl; e 7es levl] (in Britain) GCE examination of a standard between GCSE and Advanced level, allowing students to study more subjects than at Advanced level （英国）程度在普通中等教育证书与高级程度之间的一种普通教育证书考试, 及格者所学科目多於高级程度者.

AA
[7ei 'ei; 7e 'e] abbr 缩写 = 1 (US) Alcoholics Anonymous 嗜酒者互诫协会. 2 (Brit) Automobile Association 汽车协会: * members of the AA 汽车协会会员.

AAA
[7ei ei 'ei; 7e e 'e] abbr 缩写 = 1 (also the three A's) (Brit) Amateur Athletic Association 业馀体育协会. 2 (US) American Automobile Association 美国汽车协会.

AB
[7ei 'bi:; 7e 'bi] abbr 缩写 = 1 (Brit) able-bodied seaman. 2 (US) Bachelor of Arts.

aback
[E'bAk; E'bAk] adv (phr v) take sb aback => take.

abacus
[5AbEkEs; 5AbEkEs] n (pl -cuses[-kEsiz; -kE7siz] ) frame with beads that slide along parallel rods, used for teaching numbers to children, and (in some countries) for counting 算盘.

abaft
[E'ba:ft; - E'bAft; E'bAft] adv (nautical 海) in or towards the stern half of a ship 在船尾; 向船尾. 派生： abaft prep (nautical 海) nearer to the stern than (sth); behind 比（某物）更接近船尾; 在...後面: abaft the mainmast 在船的主桅後面.

abandon
[E'bAndEn; E'bAndEn] v 1 (a) [Tn] go away from (a person or thing or place) not intending to return; forsake; desert 离开（某人、 某物或某地）而不返回; 遗弃; 抛弃; 离弃: * a baby abandoned by its parents 被父母遗弃的婴儿 * an abandoned car, dwelling, fort, village 被抛弃的汽车、 被离弃的住所、 被遗弃的堡垒、 被离弃的村庄 * give orders to abandon ship, ie to leave a sinking ship 下令弃船（离开正在下沉的船）. (b) [Tn, Dn.pr] ~ sth/sb (to sb) leave sth/sb to be taken (by sb) 舍弃某物[某人]而被（别人）取得: * They abandoned their lands to the invading forces. 他们丢下了土地，遭侵略军占领. 2 [Tn] give up completely (esp sth begun) 完全放弃（尤指已开始的某事物）: * abandon a project, plan, scheme, etc 放弃一项方案、 计划、 设计等 * urge people who smoke to abandon the habit 敦促吸烟的人戒烟 * He abandoned all hope, ie stopped hoping. 他放弃了一切希望. * The match was abandoned because of bad weather. 比赛因天气恶劣而取消. 3 [Tn.pr] ~ oneself to sth (fml 文) yield completely to (an emotion or impulse) 完全屈从於（某种情感或冲动）: * He abandoned himself to despair. 他陷入绝望中. 派生： abandon (also abandonment) n [U] freedom from worry or inhibitions 放任; 纵情: dance with wild/gay abandon 狂放地[尽情地]跳舞. abandoned adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of people or behaviour) wild or immoral （指人或行为）放荡的，堕落的. abandonment n [U] 1 abandoning 遗弃; 抛弃; 离弃; 放弃; 舍弃: Her abandonment of the idea upset him. 她放弃了这一意见, 他很不高兴. 2 = abandon n.

abase
[E'beis; E'bes] v [Tn] ~ oneself/sb lower oneself/sb in dignity; degrade oneself/sb 降低自己[某人]的身分; 屈辱自己[某人]. > abasement n [U].

abashed
[E'bAFt; E'bAFt] adj [pred 作表语] ~ (at/by sth) embarrassed; ashamed 尴尬; 羞愧: * His boss's criticism left him feeling rather abashed. 老板批评了他, 他感到有些难为情.

abate
[E'beit; E'bet] v [I, Tn] (of wind, noise, pain, etc) make or become less （指风力、 声音、 痛苦等）减小, 减少, 减轻: * The ship sailed when the storm had abated. 那船在暴风雨减弱後启航了. * People are campaigning to abate the noise in our cities. 大家正在进行一场减低城市噪音的运动. > abatement n [U].

abattoir
[5AbEtwa:(r); - 7AbE'twa:r; 7AbE'twar] n = slaughterhouse (slaughter).

abbess
[5Abes; 5Abes] n woman who is head of a convent or nunnery 女修道院院长.

abbey
[5Abi; 5Abi] n 1 [C] building(s) in which monks or nuns live as a community under an abbot or abbess 修道院. 2 [CGp] the whole number of monks or nuns in an abbey 修道院中全体修士或修女. 3 [C] church or house that was formerly an abbey 曾为修道院的大教堂或房屋: * Westminster Abbey 威斯敏斯特大教堂.

abbot
[5AbEt; 5AbEt] n man who is head of a monastery or abbey 男修道院院长; 大寺院住持.

abbr
(also abbrev) abbr 缩写 = abbreviated; abbreviation.

abbr ËõÐ´
(esp US) Attorney-General.

abbreviate
[E'bri:vieit; E'brivi7et] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sth) shorten (a word, phrase, etc), esp by omitting letters 缩短（字、 词组等, 尤指省略字母）; 缩写: * In writing, the title `Doctor' is abbreviated to `Dr'. 在书写时, Doctor头衔的缩写是Dr. 派生： abbreviation[E7bri:vi'eiFn; E7brivi'eFEn] n 1 [U] abbreviating or being abbreviated 缩短; 缩写. 2 [C] shortened form of a word, phrase, etc 缩写词; 略语: * `Sept' is an abbreviation for `September'. Sept是September的缩写. * `GB' is the abbreviation of/for `Great Britain'. GB是Great Britain的缩写.

abbrs ËõÐ´
Bachelor, Doctor, Master of Laws 法学学士、 博士、 硕士: have/be an LL B 有法学学士学位[为法学学士] * David Grafton LL B 戴维．格拉夫顿法学学士.

ABC
[7ei bi: 'si:; 5e'bi'si] n [sing] 1 (Roman) alphabet, ie all the letters from A to Z （罗马）字母表, 即由A至Z所有字母: * Does the boy know his ABC? 这个男孩儿认识字母了吗? 2 simplest and most basic facts about a subject 一门学科的最简单、 最基本的要点; 基础知识: * the ABC of gardening 园艺入门. 3 (idm 习语) easy as ABC => easy1.

abdicate
[5Abdikeit; 5AbdE7ket] v 1 [I] resign from or formally renounce the throne 退位; 逊位: * King Edward VIII abdicated in 1936. 英王爱德华八世於1936年退位. 2 [Tn] (fml 文) formally relinquish (power, a high official position, etc) 正式放弃（权力、 高位等）: * He's abdicated all responsibility in the affair. 他已经放弃了这件事中的一切职责. > abdication[7Abdi'keiFn; 7AbdE'keFEn] n [C, U].

abdomen
[5AbdEmEn; 5AbdEmEn] n 1 part of the body below the chest and diaphragm, containing the stomach, bowels and digestive organs 腹部. Cf 参看 intestine. 2 rearmost section of an insect, a spider or a crustacean 昆虫、 蜘蛛或甲壳类动物的腹部: * head, thorax and abdomen 头部、 胸部及腹部. =>illus at insect 见insect之插图. 派生： abdominal[Ab'dCminl; Ab'damEnl] adj in, of or for the abdomen 腹部中的; 腹部的: * abdominal pains 腹痛 * an abdominal operation 腹部手术. abdominally[Ab5dCminEli; Ab'daminli] adv.

abduct
[Eb'dQkt, Ab-; Eb'dQkt, Ab-] v [Tn] take (sb) away illegally, using force or deception; kidnap 诱拐; 绑架. > abduction[Eb5dQkFn, Ab-; Eb'dQkFEn, Ab-] n [U, C]. abductor n.

abeam
[E'bi:m; E'bim] adv (nautical 海) on a line at right angles to the length of a ship or an aircraft 正横（在与船身[机身]成直角的线上）: * The lighthouse was abeam of the ship. 灯塔在船的正横方向.

aberrant
[5AberEnt; Ab'erEnt] adj not following the normal or correct way 不循常轨的; 不走正路的: * aberrant behaviour 越轨行为.

aberration
[7AbE'reiFn; 7AbE'reFEn] n 1 (a) [U] deviation from what is accepted as normal or right 偏差; 越轨: * steal sth in a moment of aberration 一时糊涂而偷东西. (b) [C] moral or mental lapse; temporary loss of memory 失检或失常; 一时失去记忆力: * Owing to a strange mental aberration he forgot his own name. 由於一种莫名的精神错乱, 他把自己的名字忘了. 2 [C] fault or defect 毛病; 差错: * an aberration in the computer 计算机的差错.

abet
[E'bet; E'bet] v (-tt-) 1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (in sth) help or encourage sb to commit an offence or do sth wrong 唆使; 怂恿: * He was abetted in these illegal activities by his wife. 他受妻子怂恿进行这些非法活动. (b) [Tn] encourage (a crime, etc) 教唆, 鼓动（犯罪等）: * You are abetting theft. 你在教唆偷窃. 2 (idm 习语) aid and abet => aid. > abetter, (esp law 尤用於法律) abettor ns.

abeyance
[E'beiEns; E'beEns] n [U] (idm 习语) be in abeyance; fall/go into abeyance (of a right, rule, problem, etc) be suspended temporarily; not be in force or use for a time （指权利、 规则等）暂时中止; （指问题等）缓议; 暂时无效或停用: * The question is in abeyance, ie left unanswered, eg until more information is obtained. 这个问题暂时搁置（如待获得更多资料时再行解决）. * This law falls into abeyance when the country's security is threatened. 当国家安全受到威胁时, 这项法规暂停实施.

abhor
[Eb'hC:(r); Eb'hCr] v (-rr-) [Tn] feel hatred and disgust for (sb/sth); detest 憎恨（某人[某事物]）; 厌恶; 讨厌: * abhor terrorism, terrorists 憎恨恐怖活动、 恐怖分子. 派生： abhorrence/Eb'hCrEns; - -'hC:r-; Eb'hCrEns] n[U] hatred and disgust 憎恨; 厌恶: * have an abhorrence of war 憎恶战争. abhorrent/Eb'hCrEnt; - -'hC:r-; Eb'hCrEnt] adj ~ (to sb) disgusting; hateful 讨厌的; 可恶的; 可恨的: * Violence is abhorrent to his gentle nature. 他性情温和, 讨厌暴力.

abide
[E'baid; E'baid] v (pt, pp abided; in sense 3 用於下述第3义时作 abode/E'bEud; E'bod] ) 1 [Tn] (esp with can/could, in negative sentences or questions 尤於否定句或疑问句中与can/could连用) tolerate (sb/sth); endure; bear 容忍（某人[某事物]）; 忍受; 忍耐: * I can't abide that man. 我对那个人忍无可忍. * How could you abide such conditions? 这种环境你怎麽受得了呢? 2 [Ipr] ~ by sth act in accordance with sth; be faithful to sth 遵守某事物; 忠於某事物: * abide by (ie keep) a promise 遵守诺言 * abide by (ie observe) an agreement, verdict, ruling, etc 履行协议、 服从裁决、 遵从裁定 * You'll have to abide by (ie accept) the referee's decision. 你得遵从裁判的决定. 3 [Ipr] (arch 古) remain; continue; stay 逗留; 延续; 居留; 停留: * abide at a place 住在某地 * abide with sb 和某人同住. 派生： abiding adj enduring; permanent 持久的; 永久的: an abiding friendship, hatred, mistrust, etc 永恒的友谊、 永世的仇恨、 积久的疑忌.

ability
[E'bilEti; E'bilEti] n 1 [U] capacity or power to do sth physical or mental 做体力、 脑力或机械工作的能力或力量: * a machine with the ability to cope with large loads 能处理大负荷量的机器 * He has the ability to do the work. 他有做这项工作的能力. 2 (a) [U] cleverness; intelligence 智慧; 才智: * a woman of great ability 很有才能的女子. (b) [U, C] talent 天资; 天分: * have a great musical ability 很有音乐天才 * We found him work more suited to his abilities. 我们给他找到了更适合他的能力的工作. 3 (idm 习语) to the best of one's ability => best3.

abject
[5AbdVekt; 5AbdVekt] adj 1 (of conditions) wretched; hopeless （指境况）凄惨的, 绝望的: * living in abject poverty/misery 过着极穷困[悲惨]的生活. 2 (of people, their actions or behaviour) lacking all pride; contemptible; despicable （指人、 动作或行为）无耻的, 下贱的, 卑鄙的: * an abject coward 可鄙的胆小鬼 * an abject (ie very humble) apology 低声下气的道歉. > abjectly adv.

abjure
[Eb'dVuE(r); Eb'dVur] v [Tn] (fml 文) promise or swear to give up (a claim, an opinion, a belief, etc); renounce formally 承诺或发誓放弃（要求、 意见、 信仰等）; 正式放弃: * abjure one's religion 发誓放弃其宗教信仰. > abjuration[7AbdVuE'reiFn; 7AbdVu'reFEn] n [U, C].

ablative
[5AblEtiv; 5AblEtiv] n (usu sing 通常作单数) (grammar) special form of a noun, a pronoun or an adjective used (in some inflected languages) to indicate or describe esp the agent or instrument of an action 夺格（某些屈折语中的名词、 代词或形容词的一种格, 尤其表示动作的主动者或动作赖以进行的工具）. 派生： ablative adj of or in the ablative 夺格的.

ablaut
[5Ablaut; 5Ablaut] n [U] (linguistics 语言) systematic way in which vowels change in related forms of a word, esp in Indo-European languages (eg drive, drove, driven) 元音交替（尤指在印欧语系中, 一个词的相关形式中有规律的变化, 如 drive、 drove、 driven）.

ablaze
[E'bleiz; E'blez] adj [pred 作表语] 1 burning; on fire 燃烧; 着火: * set sth ablaze 点火烧某物 * The whole building was soon ablaze. 整座建 物很快就烧起来了. 2 ~ (with sth) (fig 比喻) (a) very bright; glittering 明亮; 灿烂: * The palace was ablaze with lights. 那座宫殿灯火辉煌. (b) very excited 非常激动: * His face was ablaze with anger. 他满面怒容.

able
1[5eibl; 5ebl] adj be ~ to do sth (used as a modal v 用作情态动词) have the power, means or opportunity to do sth 有能力、 办法或机会做某事; 能: * The child is not yet able to write. 这个孩子还不会写字. * Will you be able to come? 你能来吗? * You are better able to do it than I (am). 你比我更有能力做这件事. -able, -ible

ablution
[E'blu:Fn; Eb'luFEn] n (usu pl 通常作复数) (fml or joc 文或谑) ceremonial washing of the body, hands, sacred vessels, etc （对身体、 手、 圣器等的）洗礼: * perform one's ablutions, ie wash oneself 沐浴.

ABM
[7ei bi: 'em; 7e bi 'em] abbr 缩写 = anti-ballistic missile 反弹道导弹.

abnegation
[7Abni'geiFn; 7Abni'geFEn] n [U] (fml 文) 1 denial or renunciation (of a doctrine) 否定或放弃（某主义或学说）. 2 (also ,self-abne`gation) self-sacrifice 克己; 自制; 自我牺牲.

abnormal
[Ab'nC:ml; Ab'nCrml] adj different, esp in an undesirable way, from what is normal, ordinary or expected 反常的; 不正常的; 变态的: * abnormal specimens, weather conditions, behaviour 异常的样品、 反常的天气、 变态行为 * be physically/mentally abnormal 身体上[精神上]不正常. > abnormality[7AbnC:'mAlEti; 7AbnCr'mAlEti] n [U, C]. abnormally/Ab'nC:mEli; Ab'nCrmli] adv: * abnormally large feet 异常巨大的脚.

Abo
[5AbEu; 5Abo] n (pl ~s) ( Austral sl offensive 讳, 澳, 俚, 蔑) = Aboriginal.

aboard
[E'bC:d; E'bCrd] adv part, prep on or into a ship, an aircraft, a train or (esp US) a bus 在船、 飞机、 火车或公共汽车上（在美式英语中尤指公共汽车）; 上船、 飞机、 火车或公共汽车: * We went/climbed aboard. 我们上了船（或飞机、 车等）. * Welcome aboard! 欢迎乘坐这船（或飞机、 车等）! * All aboard! ie The ship, etc is about to depart. 请各位上船（或飞机、 车等）! * He was already aboard the ship. 他已经上船了.

abode
1[E'bEud; E'bod] n [sing] (fml or rhet or joc 文或修辞或谑) 1 house; home 房屋; 家: * one's place of abode, ie where one lives 居住处（住所） * Welcome to our humble abode! 欢迎光临寒舍! 2 (idm 习语) no fixed abode/address => fix1.

abolish
[E'bCliF; E'baliF] v [Tn] end the existence of (a custom, an institution, etc) 废除, 废止（习俗、 制度等）: * Should the death penalty be abolished? 应该废除死刑吗? > abolition[7AbE'liFn; 7AbE'liFEn] n [U] abolishing or being abolished 废除; 废止: * the abolition of slavery, hanging 奴隶制度、 绞刑的废除. abolitionist[7AbE'liFEnist; 7AbE'liFEnist] n person who favours abolition, esp of capital punishment 废除论者; （尤指）主张废除死刑者.

abominable
[E'bCminEbl; - -mEn-; E'bamEnEbl] adj 1 ~(to sb) (fml 文) causing disgust; detestable 讨厌的; 可恶的: * Your behaviour is abominable to me. 我讨厌你的行为. 2 (infml 口) very unpleasant 令人很不愉快的: * abominable weather, food, music 糟糕的天气、 食物、 音乐. > abominably/E'bCminEbli; --mEn-; E'bamEnEbli] adv. 复合： Abominable Snowman = yeti.

abominate
[E'bCmineit; - -mEn-; E'bamE7net] v [Tn] feel hatred or disgust for (sth/sb); detest; loathe 憎恨; 厌恶; 讨厌; 憎恶: * I abominate fascism. 我憎恨法西斯主义. 派生： abomination/E7bCmi'neiFn; - -mEn-; E'bamE'neFEn] n 1 [U] feeling of disgust and extreme hatred 深恶痛绝: * hold sth in abomination 憎恶某事物. 2 [C] act, habit, person or thing that is hated 令人憎恶的行为、 习惯、 人或事物: * That new concrete building is an abomination. 那座新的混凝土建 物是个讨厌的东西.

aboriginal
[7AbE'ridVEnl; 7AbE'ridVEnl] adj (esp of people) inhabiting a land from a very early period, esp before the arrival of colonists （尤指人）从很早的时期（尤指殖民者到来之前）就居住於某地的; 土着的: * aboriginal inhabitants, plants 土着居民、 土生植物. 派生： aboriginal n 1 aboriginal inhabitant 土着; 土人. 2 (also Aboriginal) aboriginal inhabitant of Australia 澳大利亚土人.

aborigines
[7AbE'ridVEni:z; 7AbE'ridVE7niz] n [pl] aboriginal inhabitants, esp (Aborigines) those of Australia （尤指澳大利亚的）土着居民. 派生： aborigine[7AbE'ridVEni; 7AbE'ridVE7ni] n (infml 口) aboriginal inhabitant 土着; 土人.

abort
[E'bC:t; E'bCrt] v 1 (medical医) (a) [Tn] cause (sb/sth) to undergo abortion 使流产; 使堕胎: * abort an expectant mother, a deformed foetus, the pregnancy 为孕妇、 因为胎儿畸形、 为终止妊娠做人工流产. (b) [I] undergo abortion; miscarry 流产; 小产: * She aborted after four months. 她怀孕四个月後流产了. 2 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) end prematurely and unsuccessfully （使某事物）中止, 夭折: * abort a space mission, ie cancel it in space, usu because of mechanical trouble 中止一次航天任务（通常因机械故障而在太空中取消该任务） * abort a computer program 中止计算机的程序. 派生： aborted adj 1 undeveloped 未发育的. 2 (biology 生) rudimentary 发育不全的; 退化的: Thorns are aborted branches. 植物的刺是退化的枝.

abortion
[E'bC:Fn; E'bCrFEn] n 1 (a) [U] (esp deliberately induced) expulsion of a foetus from the womb before it is able to survive, esp in the first 28 weeks of pregnancy 人工流产; 堕胎; 打胎: * Many people are anti-abortion. 很多人反对人工流产. (b) [C]: * operation to terminate a pregnancy 人工流产手术 * She had an abortion. 她做了人工流产. Cf 参看 miscarriage 1.2 [C] project or action that has failed completely 已经完全失败的计划或行动. 派生： abortionist/E'bC:FEnist; E'bCrFEnist] n person who performs abortions, esp illegally 为人堕胎者（尤指非法者）.

abortive
[E'bC:tiv; E'bCrtiv] adj coming to nothing; unsuccessful 落空的; 失败的: * an abortive attempt, coup, mission 落空的尝试、 政变、 任务 * plans that proved abortive 终归失败了的计划. > abortively adv.

abound
[E'baund; E'baund] v 1 [I] be very plentiful; exist in great numbers 非常多; 大量存在: * Oranges abound here all the year round. 这里一年到头都有很多橙子. 2 [Ipr] ~ in/with sth have sth in great numbers or quantities 有大量某物: * The river abounds in/with fish. 这条河里有很多鱼.

about
1[E'baut; E'baut] adv 1 (also esp US around) a little more or less than; a little before or after; approximately 比...稍多或稍少; 在...稍前或稍後; 大约; 左右: * It costs about 10. 这需10英镑左右. * He's about the same height as you. 他大约像你那麽高. * She drove for about ten miles. 她开车行驶了大约十英里. * They waited for about an hour. 他们等了大约一个小时. 2 (infml 口) nearly 将近: * I'm (just) about ready. 我（就）快准备好了. 3 (infml 口) (in understatements 用於含蓄的言语): * I've had just about enough, ie quite enough. 我已经差不多够了（十分够了）. * He's been promoted, and about time too, ie it ought to have happened earlier. 他获提升了, 也差不多到时候了（早就该提升了）. 4 (idm 习语) that's about `it/the `size of it (infml 口) that is how I see it or assess it 大致如此[大小差不多]（据我所看到或估计到的）.

above
1[E'bQv; E'bQv] adv 1 at or to a higher point; overhead 在较高处; 到较高处; 在头顶上方: * My bedroom is immediately above. 我的卧室就在上面. * Put the biscuits on the shelf above. 把饼乾放到上面的架子上. * Seen from above, the fields looked like a geometrical pattern. 从高处往下看, 那些农田像是几何图案. * A voice called down to us from above. 从上面传来叫我们的声音. 2 earlier or further back (in a book, an article, etc) （书、 文章等的）前文, 上文: * in the above paragraph 在上一段 * As was stated above... 如上所述... * See above, page 97 见前文, 第97页. 3 (rhet 修辞) in or to heaven 在天上; 到天上: * the powers above 上天神明 * blessings from above 上天的祝福 * gone above 上天堂了. Cf 参看 below, under, underneath. 复合： ,above-`mentioned, ,above-`named adjs mentioned or named earlier (in this book, article, etc) （在本书中、 在本文中等）上述的. Cf 参看 undermentioned.

abracadabra
[7AbrEkE'dAbrE; 7AbrEkE'dAbrE] n, interj meaningless word said as a supposedly magic formula esp by conjurors while performing magic tricks 咒语（尤指魔术师表演魔术时所说的）: * `Abracadabra,’ said the conjuror as he pulled the rabbit from the hat. 魔术师口中念念有词, 把兔子从礼帽中掏了出来.

abrade
[E'breid; E'bred] v [Tn] wear away (skin, fabric, rock, etc) by rubbing; scrape off 磨损（表皮、 织物、 岩石等）; 刮除.

abrasion
[E'breiVn; E'breVEn] n 1 [U] scraping or wearing away; rubbing off 刮除; 磨损; 擦掉. 2 [C] damaged area, esp of the skin, caused by rubbing, etc 擦伤处（尤指皮肤因磨擦等造成者）.

abrasive
[E'breisiv; E'bresiv] adj 1 that scrapes or rubs sth away; rough 有研磨作用的; 粗糙的: * abrasive substances, surfaces, materials 研磨剂、 研磨面、 研磨材料. 2 (fig 比喻) tending to hurt other people's feelings; harsh and offensive 伤人感情的; 粗鲁的; 粗暴的: * an abrasive person, personality, tone of voice 粗鲁的人、 粗暴的个性、 粗俗的语气. 派生： abrasive n [U, C] substance used for grinding or polishing surfaces （用以研磨或抛光表面的）磨料.

abreast
[E'brest; E'brest] adv 1 ~ (of sb/sth) side by side (with sb/sth) and facing the same way 并列; 并排: * cycling two abreast 两辆自行车并行 * The boat came abreast of us and signalled us to stop. 小船开过来与我们并排, 发出讯号要我们停下. 2 (idm 习语) be/keep abreast of sth be or remain up to date with or well-informed about sth 跟上某事物: * You should read the newspapers to keep abreast of current affairs. 应该看报以便了解时事.

abridge
[E'bridV; E'bridV] v [Tn] make (a book, etc) shorter, esp by using fewer words; condense 删节, 节略（书等）: * an abridged edition/version of `War and Peace' 《战争与和平》的节略版[节本]. 派生： abridgement (also abridgment) n 1 [U] shortening of a book, etc （书等的）删节, 节略. 2 [C] book, etc that has been abridged 节本; 摘要.

abroad
[E'brC:d; E'brCd] adv 1 in or to a foreign country or countries; away from one's own country 在国外; 到国外; 出国: * be, go, live, travel abroad 在外国[出国/旅居外国/到外国] * visitors (who have come) from abroad, ie from another country 外国（来的）游客. 2 being circulated widely 广泛流传: * There's a rumour abroad that..., ie People are saying that.... 谣言盛传, 说是.... 3 (arch or rhet 古或修辞) out of doors 户外; 室外: * Have you ventured abroad yet today? 你今天敢出门了吗?

abrogate
[5AbrEgeit; 5AbrE7get] v [Tn] (fml 文) cancel, repeal or annul (sth) 废止; 废除; 取消; 宣告无效: * abrogate a law, custom, treaty 废除一法例、 习俗、 条约. > abrogation[7AbrE'geiFn; 7AbrE'geFEn] n [U, C].

abrupt
[E'brQpt; E'brQpt] adj 1 sudden and unexpected 突然的; 意外的: * a road with many abrupt turns 一条有很多急转弯的路 * an abrupt ending, change, departure 突如其来的终止、 骤然的变化、 突然的离去. 2 (a) (of speech, etc) not smooth; disconnected; disjointed （指言语等）不流畅的, 不连贯的, 支离的: * short abrupt sentences 短小而不连贯的句子 * an abrupt style of writing 不流畅的文体. (b) (of behaviour) rough; curt （指行为）粗鲁的, 唐突的: * He has an abrupt manner, ie makes no attempt to be polite. 他举止粗鲁. 3 (of a slope) very steep （指斜坡）陡峭的. > abruptly adv. abruptness n [U].

abscess
[5Absis; 5Ab7sis] n swollen part of the body in which a thick yellowish liquid (called pus) has collected 脓肿: * abscesses on the gums 齿龈脓肿.

abscond
[Eb'skCnd; Eb'skand] v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (from...) go away suddenly and secretly, esp in order to avoid arrest 潜逃; 逃亡: * He absconded from the country. 他已潜逃出境. 2 [Ipr] ~ with sth go away taking sth to which one has no right 携赃潜逃: * He absconded with￡8000 stolen from his employer. 他偷了雇主8000英镑, 携赃潜逃了.

abseil
[5Abseil; 5Absel] v [I, Ipr, Ip] (in mountaineering) descend a steep slope or vertical rock face by using a double rope that is fixed at a higher point （在登山运动中, 使用固定於高处的双摺绳沿悬崖峭壁）缘绳下降: * abseil down the mountain 从山坡上缘绳下降. 派生： abseil n act of abseiling 缘绳下降.

absence
[5AbsEns; 5Absns] n 1 ~ (from...) (a) [U] being away 缺席; 离开; 不在某处: * His repeated absence (from school) is worrying. 他一再缺课使人担忧. * It happened during/in your absence. 那是当你不在的时候发生的. * In the absence of the manager (ie While he is away) I shall be in charge. 经理不在的时候, 由我负责. * during his absence in America, ie while he was there 当他不在此地而在美国的期间. (b) [C] occasion or time of being away 不在某处的次数或时间: * numerous absences from school 无数次的缺课 * throughout his long absence 在他长期不在（某处）的期间 * after an absence of three months 在离开叁个月之後. Cf 参看 presence. 2 [U] lack; non-existence 缺乏; 不存在: * the absence of definite proof 缺乏确凿的证据. 3 (idm 习语) ,absence of `mind failure to think about what one is doing; absent-mindedness 心不在焉; 神不守舍. conspicuous by one's absence => conspicuous. leave of absence => leave2.

absent
1[5AbsEnt; 5Absnt] adj 1 ~ (from sth) (a) not present (at sth); at another place (than...) 不在场的; 在别处的: * be absent from school, a meeting, work 不上学、 不到会、 缺勤 * absent friends 不在场的朋友们. (b) not existing; lacking 不存在的; 缺少的; 无: * Love was totally absent from his childhood. 他童年时代没受到丝毫的疼爱. 2 showing that one is not really thinking about what is being said or done around one 茫然的; 恍惚的: * an absent expression, look, etc 茫然的表情、 样子等. 复合： ,absent-`minded adj with one's mind on other things; forgetful 心不在焉的; 健忘的: become absent-minded with age 因上了年纪而变得丢叁落四. ,absent-`mindedly adv. ,absent-`mindedness n [U].

absentee
[7AbsEn'ti:; 7Absn'ti] n person who is absent 不在者; 缺席者; 缺勤者. 派生： absenteeism[7AbsEn'ti:izEm; 7Absn'ti7izEm] n [U] frequent absence from school or work, esp without good reason （经常性的）旷课, 旷工, 旷职（尤指无正当理由者）. 复合： ,absentee `ballot (US) voting in advance by people (absentee voters) who will be away on the day of an election 缺席选举人票（选举人将於选举日缺席而提前投的选票）. ,absentee `landlord person who does not live at and rarely visits the property he lets （不居於产权所在地也很少到该地的）遥领地主、 房主或业主.

absinthe
(also absinth)[5AbsinW; 5AbsinW] n [U] bitter green alcoholic drink made with wormwood and other herbs 苦艾酒（一种苦味绿色的含酒精饮料, 由苦艾及其它芳香植物调制而成）.

absolute
[5AbsElu:t; 5AbsE7lut] adj 1 (a) complete; total 绝对的; 完全的; 全部的: * have absolute trust in a person 对一个人绝对的信任 * tell the absolute truth 绝对说实话 * absolute ignorance, silence 全然无知、 寂然无声 * You're an absolute fool! 你是个十足的傻瓜! (b) certain; undoubted 肯定的; 无疑的: * have absolute proof 有确凿的证据 * It's an absolute fact. 这是千真万确的事实. 2 unlimited; unrestricted; unqualified 无限制的; 不受约束的; 无条件的: * absolute power 绝对的权力. 3 having unlimited power; despotic 有无限权力的; 专制的: * an absolute ruler 专制统治者. 4 not relative; independent 非相对的; 独立的: * There is no absolute standard for beauty. 美是没有绝对的标准的. 派生： the absolute n [sing] (philosophy 哲) that which is regarded as existing independently of anything else 绝对（不依赖任何其它条件而存在）. 复合： ,absolute ma`jority majority over all rivals combined; more than half 绝对多数; 超过半数. ,absolute `zero lowest temperature that is theoretically possible 绝对零度（理论上的最低温度）. =>App 5 见附录5.

absolutely
[5AbsElu:tli; 7AbsE'lutli] adv 1 completely 绝对地; 完全地: * It's absolutely impossible. 这是绝对不可能的. * You're absolutely right. 你完全正确. 2 unreservedly; unconditionally 无保留地; 无条件地: * I absolutely refuse. 我全然拒绝. * He believes absolutely that.... 他完全相信.... 3 not relatively; in an absolute(4) sense 非相对地; 独立地: * The term is being used absolutely. 这个词语是独立使用的. 4 (used to give emphasis 用以加强语气) positively 确实地; 全然地: * It's absolutely pouring down. 大雨真是倾盆而下. * He did absolutely no work, ie no work at all. 他简直什麽都没干. 5[7AbsE'lu:tli; 7AbsE'lutli] (infml 口) (used in answer to a question or as a comment 用於回答问题或用作评语) yes; certainly; quite so 正是; 当然; 对极了: * `Don't you agree?’ `Oh, absolutely!’ ‘你同意吧?’‘噢, 当然!’

absolution
[7AbsE'lu:Fn; 7AbsE'luFEn] n [U] (esp in the Christian Church) formal declaration by a priest that a person's sins have been forgiven （尤指基督教中, 由教士对某人）宣布赦罪, 解罪: * grant sb absolution 赦免某人的罪 * pronounce absolution 宣读赦罪文.

absolutism
[5AbsElu:tizEm; 5AbsElut7izEm] n [U] (politics 政) (a) principle that those responsible for government should have unlimited power 专制主义. (b) government with unlimited power 专制统治. > absolutist n.

absolve
[Eb'zClv; Eb'zalv] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from/of sth) 1 (fml esp law 文, 尤用於法律) clear sb (of guilt); declare sb free (from blame, a promise, a duty, etc) 开脱某人（的罪责）; 宣布免除某人（所受的责难、 要履行的诺言、 要负的责任等）: * The court absolved the accused man (from all responsibility for her death). 法官判决被告无罪（对她的死亡不必负任何责任）. 2 give absolution to sb 赦免某人的罪责: * absolve repentant sinners 赦免悔改的罪人.

absorb
[Eb'sC:b; Eb'sCrb] v [Tn] 1 (a) take (sth) in; suck up 吸收（某事物）; 吸进: * absorb heat 吸热 * Plants absorb oxygen. 植物吸收氧气. * Dry sand absorbs water. 乾沙吸水. * Aspirin is quickly absorbed by/into the body. 阿司匹林很快被身体吸收了. * (fig 比喻) Clever children absorb knowledge easily. 聪明孩子容易吸收知识. (b) include (sth/sb) as part of itself or oneself; incorporate; merge with 将（某物[某人]）合并; 并吞; 同化: * The larger firm absorbed the smaller one. 那大公司并吞了那小公司. * The surrounding villages have been absorbed by/into the growing city. 周围的村庄已经并入了那不断扩展的城市. 2 reduce the effect of (an impact, a difficulty, etc) 减轻（冲击、 困难等的）作用或影响: * Buffers absorbed most of the shock. 缓冲器使震动减少了许多. 3 hold the attention or interest of (sb) fully 完全吸引住（某人）的注意力或兴趣: * His business absorbs him. 他专心致志地处理业务. 派生： absorbed adj with one's attention fully held 精神集中的: absorbed in her book 埋头读她的书. absorbent[-Ent; -Ent] n, adj (substance) that is able to take in moisture, etc 能吸收水分等的（物质）: * absorbent cotton wool 脱脂棉. absorbing adj holding the attention fully 十分吸引人的: an absorbing film 引人入胜的影片. absorption/Eb'sC:pFn; Eb'sCrpFEn] n [U] ~ (by/in sth) absorbing or being absorbed 吸收; 专心致志; 全神贯注: * His work suffered because of his total absorption in sport. 他热中於运动而影响了工作.

abstain
[Eb'stein; Eb'sten] v [I, Ipr] ~ (from sth) 1 keep oneself from doing or enjoying sth, esp from taking alcoholic drinks; refrain 戒（尤指酒）; 戒除. 2 decline to use one's vote 弃权（不投票）: * At the last election he abstained (from voting/the vote). 上次选举时他弃权了（没投票）. 派生： abstainer n person who abstains 戒酒者; （投票）弃权者: a total abstainer, ie one who never takes alcoholic drinks 绝对戒酒的人.

abstemious
[Eb'sti:miEs; Eb'stimiEs] adj not taking much food or drink; not self-indulgent; moderate 饮食有度的; 有节制的; 适度的: * an abstemious person, meal 饮食有度的人、 节俭的一餐 * abstemious habits 节制饮食的习惯. > abstemiously adv. abstemiousness n [U].

abstention
[Eb'stenFn; Eb'stenFEn] n (a) [U] ~ (from sth) abstaining, esp not using one's vote at an election 弃权（尤指不投选票）. (b) [C] instance of this 弃权票: * five votes in favour of the proposal, three against and two abstentions 五票赞成该项提议, 叁票反对, 两票弃权.

abstinence
[5AbstinEns; 5AbstEnEns] n [U] ~ (from sth) abstaining, esp from food or alcoholic drinks 禁绝（尤指食物或酒）: * total abstinence 完全戒酒. > abstinent[5AbstinEnt; 5AbstEnEnt] adj [usu pred 通常作表语].

abstract
1[5AbstrAkt; 5AbstrAkt] adj 1 existing in thought or as an idea but not having a physical or practical existence 抽象的: * We may talk of beautiful things, but beauty itself is abstract. 我们尽可谈论美的事物, 然而美本身却是抽象的. * He has some abstract (ie vague, impractical) notion of wanting to change the world. 他有一种要改造世界的空想. 2 (of art) not representing objects in a realistic way but expressing the artist's ideas and feelings about certain aspects of them （指艺术）抽象派的: * an abstract painting, painter 抽象画、 抽象派画家. Cf 参看 concrete1 1. 复合： ,abstract `noun noun that refers to an abstract quality or state, eg goodness or freedom 抽象名词（如goodness或freedom）.

abstracted
[Ab'strAktid; Ab'strAktid] adj thinking of other things; not paying attention 心不在焉的; 走神儿的. > abstractedly adv.

abstraction
[Eb'strAkFn; Eb'strAkFEn] n 1 [U] ~ of sth (from sth) removing; taking away 除掉; 去掉; 拿走; 提取; 抽取. 2 [C] abstract idea 抽象概念: * lose oneself in abstractions, ie become unrealistic in one's thinking 沉迷在幻想中. 3 [U] absent-mindedness 心不在焉; 走神儿.

abstruse
[Eb'stru:s; Eb'strus] adj difficult to understand 难解的; 深奥的. > abstrusely adv. abstruseness n [U].

absurd
[Eb'sE:d; Eb'sEd] adj 1 unreasonable; not sensible 不合理的; 荒谬的; 荒唐的: * What an absurd suggestion! 多麽荒唐的建议! * It was absurd of you to suggest such a thing. 你竟提出这种事, 真荒唐. 2 foolish in a funny way; ridiculous 愚蠢得可笑的; 怪诞不经的: * That uniform makes them look absurd. 他们穿着那种制服看起来怪模怪样的. > absurdity n [U, C]. absurdly adv.

abundance
[E'bQndEns; E'bQndEns] n [U, sing] quantity that is more than enough; plenty 丰富; 充裕: * There was good food in abundance/an abundance of good food at the party. 宴会上有丰美的食物.

abundant
[E'bQndEnt; E'bQndEnt] adj 1 more than enough; plentiful 丰富的; 充裕的: * an abundant supply of fruit 水果的充足供应 * We have abundant proof of his guilt. 我们有充分的证据证明他有罪. 2 [pred 作表语] ~ in sth having plenty of sth; rich in sth 富有某事物; 富於某事物: * a land abundant in minerals 矿产丰富的土地. 派生： abundantly adv plentifully 丰富地; 充裕地: be abundantly supplied with fruit 水果供应充足 * He's made his views abundantly (ie very) clear. 他已经充分表明了自己的观点.

abuse
1[E'bju:z; E'bjuz] v [Tn] 1 make bad or wrong use of (sth) 滥用、 妄用（某事物）: * abuse one's authority, sb's hospitality, the confidence placed in one 滥用权威、 辜负某人的热情招待、 辜负对自己的信任. 2 treat (sb) badly; exploit 虐待某人; 剥削: * a much abused wife 备受虐待的妻子. Cf 参看 misuse. 3 speak insultingly to or about (sb); attack in words 说（某人的）坏话; 辱骂; 诋毁.

abusive
[E'bju:siv; E'bjusiv] adj (of speech or a person) criticizing harshly and rudely; insulting （指言语或人）责骂的, 辱骂的: * abusive language, remarks, etc 骂人的语言、 话等 * He became abusive, ie began uttering angry insults, curses, etc. 他骂起来了. > abusively adv.

abut
[E'bQt; E'bQt] v (-tt-) [Ipr] ~ on/against sth (of land or a building) have a common boundary or side with sth; adjoin sth （指土地或建 物）邻接或毗连某物, 与某物接界: * His land abuts on the motorway. 他的土地和高速公路毗连. * Their house abuts against ours. 他们的房子紧挨着我们的房子.

abutment
[E'bQtmEnt; E'bQtmEnt] n (engineering 工) structure that bears the weight of a bridge or an arch 桥台, 拱座（用以支承桥或拱的建 物）.

abysmal
[E'bizmEl; E'bizml] adj 1 (infml 口) extremely bad 极坏的: * live in abysmal conditions 在极恶劣的情况下生活 * His manners are abysmal. 他态度极其恶劣. 2 extreme; utter 极端的; 完全的: * abysmal ignorance 极端的无知. > abysmally adv.

abyss
[E'bis; E'bis] n hole so deep that it seems to have no bottom 深渊: * (fig 比喻) an abyss of ignorance, despair, loneliness, etc 无知的、 绝望的、 寂寞的...深渊.

AC
(also ac)[7ei 'si:; 7e 'si] abbr 缩写 = alternating current. Cf 参看 DC3.

acacia
[E'keiFE; E'keFE] n any of several trees with yellow or white flowers, esp one from which gum arabic is obtained 金合欢树（任何一种金合欢属的树, 开黄花或白花, 尤指可提取阿拉伯树胶者）.

academic
[7AkE'demik; 7AkE'demik] adj 1 [attrib 作定语] of (teaching or learning in) schools, colleges, etc 学校的; 学院的: * the ,academic `year, ie the total time within a year when teaching is done in schools, etc, usu starting in September or October 学年 * ,academic `freedom, ie liberty to teach and discuss educational matters without interference from politicians, etc 学术自由. 2 [attrib 作定语] scholarly; not technical or practical 学者式的; 非技术的或实用的: * academic subjects 学科. 3 of theoretical interest only 仅注重理论的; 学术的: * a matter of academic concern 学术方面的事 * The question is purely academic, ie not relevant to practical affairs but still interesting. 这是一个纯学术性的问题（与实际事务无关, 但仍使人感兴趣）. 派生： academic n teacher at a university, college, etc; professional scholar 大专院校的教师; 专业学者. academically[-kli; -kli] adv.

academician
[E7kAdE'miFn; - 7AkEdE'miFn; 7AkEdE'miFEn] n member of an academy(3) 院士; 学会会员.

academy
[E'kAdEmi; E'kAdEmi] n 1 school for special training 专科院校: * an a,cademy of `music 音乐学院 * a `naval/`military academy 海军[陆军]军官学校. 2 (in Scotland) secondary school （苏格兰的）中等学校. 3 (usu 通常作 Academy) society of distinguished scholars or artists; society for cultivating art, literature, etc, of which membership is an honour 高等学术团体; 学会: * The Royal Academy (of Arts) 皇家（艺术）学会. 复合： A,cademy A`ward one of the annual awards for achievement in the cinema given by the US Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences 金像奖（由美国电影艺术科学院颁发的电影艺术年度奖）. Cf 参看 Oscar.

ACAS
[5eikAs; 5ekAs] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Advisory, Conciliation and Arbitration Service, for helping with negotiation during industrial disputes （在有工业纠纷期间协助谈判的）咨询调解仲裁处.

accede
[Ek'si:d; Ek'sid] v [I, Ipr] ~ (to sth) (fml 文) 1 (a) take office 就职: * accede to the chancellorship 就任大臣、 大学名誉校长等. (b) become monarch 即位: * Queen Victoria acceded to the throne in 1837. 维多利亚女王於1837年即位. 2 agree (to a request, proposal, etc) 同意（一请求、 建议等）.

accelerando
[Ak7selE'rAndEu; Ak7selE'rAndo] adv, adj, n (pl -dos or -di) (music 音) with gradually increasing speed 渐快（的）. 派生： accelerando n (pl ~s) piece of music (to be) played in this way （演奏）渐快的音乐. Cf 参看 rallentando.

accelerate
[Ek'selEreit; Ek'selE7ret] v 1 [Tn] make (sth) move faster or happen earlier; increase the speed of 使（某事物）加快; 促进（某事物）; 加速: * accelerating the rate of growth 提高生长率. 2 [I] move or happen more quickly 加速; 加快: * The car accelerated as it overtook me. 那辆汽车一加速就超越了我. Cf 参看 decelerate. 派生： acceleration/Ek7selE'reiFn; Ek7selE'reFEn] n [U] 1 making or being made quicker; increase in speed 加快; 促进; 加速: * an acceleration in the rate of economic growth 经济发展速率的增长. 2 (of a vehicle) ability to gain speed （指车辆）加速性能: * a car with good acceleration 加速性能良好的汽车.

accelerator
[Ek'selEreitE(r); Ek'selE7retl] n 1 device for increasing speed, esp the pedal in a car, etc that controls the speed of the engine 加速器; 加速装置（尤指汽车等的油门踏板）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xii. 2 (physics 物) apparatus for causing charged particles to move at high speeds 粒子加速器. 3 (chemistry 化) substance that causes a chemical reaction to happen more quickly 加速剂; 促进剂.

accent
[5Aksent, 'AksEnt; 5Aksent] n 1 [C] emphasis given to a syllable or word by means of stress or pitch 重音（用重读或提高音调的方法使一音节或词突出）: * In the word `today' the accent is on the second syllable. today一字的重音在第二个音节上. 2 [C] mark or symbol, usu above a letter, used in writing and printing to indicate such emphasis or the quality of a vowel sound 重音符号（用於书写印刷中, 表示一元音的重音或音值的符号, 通常标在字母上方）. 3 [C, U] national, local or individual way of pronouncing words （民族、 地方或个人的）口音, 腔调, 土腔: * speak English with a foreign accent 说英语带外国腔 * have an American accent 有美国口音 * a voice without (a trace of) accent 不带（丝毫）地方口音的声音. Cf 参看 brogue, dialect. 4 [C usu sing, U 作可数名词时通常作单数, 亦作不可数名词] special emphasis given to sth （对某事物的）强调; 重点: * In all our products the accent is on quality. 在我们一切产品中, 最重视的就是质量. 派生： accent/Ak'sent; 5Aksent] v [Tn] 1 pronounce (a word or syllable) with emphasis 重读（一词或音节）. 2 write accents on (words, etc) 把重音符号加在（词等）上.

accentuate
[Ek'sentFueit; Ek'sentFu7et] v [Tn] make (sth) very noticeable or prominent; emphasize 突出（某事物）; 强调: * The tight jumper only accentuated his fat stomach. 那件紧身套头毛衣反更突出了他那肥胖的肚子. > accentuation/Ek7sentFu'eiFn; Ek7sentFu'eFEn] n [U].

accept
[Ek'sept; Ek'sept] v 1 (a) [Tn] take (sth offered) willingly 欣然接受（他人提供的事物）: * accept a gift, a piece of advice, an apology 接受礼物、 劝告、 道歉. (b) [I, Tn] say yes to (an offer, invitation, etc) 接受（提议、 邀请等）: * She offered him a lift and he accepted (it). 她请他坐她的车, 他就领情了. * He proposed marriage and she accepted (him). 他向她求婚, 她就同意了. (c) [Tn] receive (sth/sb) as adequate or suitable 接收, 收取（某事物）; 接受（某事物[某人]）: * Will you accept a cheque? 你收支票吗? * The machine only accepts 10p coins. 这机器只收10便士的硬币. * The college I applied to has accepted me. 我报了名的学院已经录取我了. 2 [Tn] be willing to agree to (sth) 同意, 认可, 赞同（某事物）: * accept the judge's decision 同意法官的判决 * I accept the proposed changes. 我赞成所提出的变动. 3 [Tn] take upon oneself (a responsibility, etc) 承担（责任等）: * He accepts blame for the accident, ie agrees that it was his fault. 他承认那事故是他的错. * You must accept the consequences of your action. 你必须对你行动的後果负责. 4 [Tn, Tf, Tw, Cn.n/a] ~ sth (as sth) take sth as true; believe sth 认为某事物属实; 相信某事物: * I cannot accept that he is to blame. 我认为不能责怪他. * We do not accept your explanation/what you have said. 我们不相信你的解释[你所说的话]. * Can we accept his account as the true version? 我们能够相信他说的是实情吗? * It is an accepted fact, ie sth that everyone thinks is true. 这是公认的事实. 5 [Tn] treat (sb/sth) as welcome 欢迎（某人[某事物]）: * He was never really accepted by his classmates. 他同班同学从未真正把他当作自己人.

acceptable
[Ek'septEbl; Ek'septEbl] adj ~ (to sb) 1 (a) worth accepting 值得接受的: * Is the proposal acceptable to you? 这个建议你认为可以接受吗? (b) welcome 受欢迎的: * A cup of tea would be most acceptable. 来一杯茶就最好不过了. 2 tolerable 可容忍的: * an acceptable risk, sacrifice, profit margin . > acceptability/ Ek9septE5bIlEtI; Ek9sZptE`bIlEtI/ n [U]. acceptably[-blI; -blI/ adv.

acceptance
[Ek'septEns; Ek'septEns] n 1 [C, U] (act of) accepting or being accepted 接受; 答应; 同意; 认可: * Since we sent out the invitations we've received five acceptances and one refusal. 我们发出请帖以後, 收到的回覆是五位接受, 一位推辞. 2 [U] favourable reception; approval 赞成; 赞同: * The new laws gained widespread acceptance. 新法例广获赞同. 3 [C] (commerce 商) (a) agreement to pay a bill 承兑, 认付（票据）. (b) bill accepted in this way 承兑汇票.

acceptor
[Ek'septE(r); Ek'septl] n (physics 物) atom or molecule able to receive an extra electron 能够接受额外电子的原子或分子; 接受体.

access
[5Akses; 5Akses] n [U] 1 ~ (to sth) means of approaching or entering (a place); way in （接近或进入某地的）方法; 通路: * The only access to the farmhouse is across the fields. 要到那农舍去唯有穿过田地. * The village is easy/difficult of access, ie easy/difficult to reach. 到那个村子的路很容易[很难]走. 2 ~ (to sth/sb) opportunity or right to use sth or approach sb （使用某物或接近某人的）机会或权利: * get access to classified information 得到接触秘密情报的机会 * Students must have access to a good library. 学生要有使用好图书馆的便利条件. * Only high officials had access to the president. 只有高级官员才可以接近总统. 派生： access v [Tn] (computing 计) get information from or put information into (a computer file) 存取（计算机文件）: She accessed three different files to find the correct information. 她存取了叁个文件以找寻所要的信息. * The files were accessed every day to keep them up to date. 文件每日存取, 使之不断更新. 复合： `access road 1 (esp US) = slip road (slip). 2 road giving access to a place, site, etc （到一地方、 场所等的）通路. `access time (computing 计) time taken to obtain information stored in a computer 存取时间（取出计算机中储存的信息所用的时间）.

accessible
[Ek'sesEbl; Ek'sesEbl] adj ~ (to sb) that can be reached, used, etc 可接近的; 可进入的; 可使用的: * a beach accessible only from the sea 只能从海上到达的沙滩 * documents not accessible to the public 公众无法接触到的文件. > accessibility/Ek7sesE'bilEti; Ek7sesE'bilEti] n [U].

accession
[Ak'seFn; Ak'seFEn] n ~ (to sth) 1 [U] reaching a rank or position 达到某一级别或地位: * celebrating the queen's accession (to the throne) 庆祝女王登基. 2 (a) [C] thing added, esp a new item in a library, museum, etc 增添物（尤指图书馆、 博物馆等的新书或展品）: * recent accessions to the art gallery 美术馆最近增添的展品. (b) [U] action of being added 增添; 增加: * the accession of new members to the party 新党员的增加. 派生： accession v [Tn] record the addition of (a new item) to a library, museum, etc 将（图书馆、 博物馆等的新书、 新展品）登记入册.

accessory
[Ek'sesEri; Ek'sesEri] n 1 (usu pl 通常作复数) (a) thing that is a useful or decorative extra but that is not essential; minor fitting or attachment 附属品; 配件; 附件: * bicycle accessories, eg lamp, pump, etc 自行车附件（如车灯、 打气筒等）. (b) small article of (esp women's) dress, eg a belt, handbag, etc （尤指妇女的）服装配搭物（如皮带、 手提包等）. 2 (also accessary) ~ (to sth) (law 律) person who helps another in a crime 从犯; 帮凶; 同谋: * He was charged with being an accessory to murder. 他被控为谋杀罪的从犯. 3 (idm 习语) accessory before/after the fact (law 律) person who, although not present when a crime is committed, helps the person committing it beforehand/afterwards 事前[事後]从犯（犯罪时不在场, 但於事前[事後]协助犯罪者）. 派生： accessory adj additional; extra 附加的; 额外的.

accident
[5AksidEnt; 5AksEdEnt] n 1 [C] event that happens unexpectedly and causes damage, injury, etc 事故; 故障; 横祸; 不幸; 不测; 意外: * be killed in a car/road accident 在车祸[交通事故]中遇难 * I had a slight accident at home and broke some crockery. 我在家出了点儿小事, 打碎了些陶器. * He's very late I do hope he hasn't met with an accident. 他这麽晚还没来--我真希望他别出事. * [attrib 作定语] accident insurance 事故保险. 2 [U] chance; fortune 机遇; 命运; 造化: * By accident of birth (ie Because of where he happened to be born) he is entitled to British citizenship. 因出生的造化, 他成为英国公民（因有缘生於该地）. 3 (idm 习语) ,accidents ,will `happen (saying 谚) some unfortunate events must be accepted as inevitable 意外事故在所难免. by accident as a result of chance or mishap 偶然; 意外地: * I only found it by accident. 我只是碰巧找到的. a chapter of accidents => chapter. without `accident safely 安全地; 平安地. 复合： `accident-prone adj [usu pred 通常作表语] more than usually likely to have accidents 易出事故.

accidental
[7Aksi'dentl; 7AksE'dentl] adj happening unexpectedly or by chance 意外的; 偶然的: * a verdict of accidental death 意外死亡的裁决 * an accidental meeting with a friend 偶然遇到一位朋友. > accidentally[-tEli; -tli] adv.

acclaim
[E'kleim; E'klem] v 1 (a) [Tn] welcome (sb/sth) with shouts of approval; applaud loudly 向（某人[某事物]）欢呼; 喝采: * acclaim the winner of a race 向赛跑得胜者喝采. (b) [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: * Tn, Cn.n/a] ~ sb/sth (as sth) acknowledge the greatness of sb/sth 称赞某人[某事物]: * a much acclaimed performance 备受称赞的表演 * It was acclaimed as a great discovery. 那被赞誉为伟大的发现. 2 [Cn.n] (fml 文) hail or salute (sb) as sth 欢呼或拥戴（某人）为某事物: * They acclaimed him king. 大家拥立他为国王. 派生： acclaim n [U] enthusiastic welcome or approval; praise 热烈欢迎或赞同; 称赞: The book received great critical acclaim. 这本书大获评论界的赞扬.

acclamation
[7AklE'meiFn; 7AklE'meFEn] n 1 [U] loud and enthusiastic approval (of a proposal, etc) （对提议等）高声而热烈的赞同: * elected by acclamation, ie without voting 以欢呼声通过而选出的（不经投票表决）. 2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] shouting to honour or welcome sb （向某人）欢呼, 喝采: * the acclamations of the crowd 群众的欢呼.

acclimatize, acclimatise
[E'klaimEtaiz; E'klaimE7taiz] v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (oneself/sb/sth) (to sth) get (oneself, animals, plants, etc) used to a new climate or a new environment, new conditions, etc; become or make accustomed (to sth) 使（自己、 动物、 植物等）习惯於新的气候或新的环境、 新的形势等; 使适应（某事物）; 服水土: * It takes many months to acclimatize/become acclimatized to life in a tropical climate. 要用许多月的时间才能适应热带的生活. > acclimatization, -isation/E7klaimEtai'zeiFn; - -ti'z-; E7klaimEtE'zeFEn] n [U].

acclivity
[E'klivEti; E'klivEti] n (fml 文) upward slope 向上的斜坡或斜面. Cf 参看 declivity.

accolade
[5AkEleid; - 7AkE'leid; 7AkE'led] n 1 praise; approval 嘉奖; 赞许: * To be chosen to represent their country is the highest accolade for most athletes. 能被选拔出来代表国家参赛, 是多数运动员的最高荣誉. 2 ceremonial tap on the shoulder with the flat part of a sword, given when a knighthood is conferred 册封爵士的仪式（用剑面在肩上轻拍一下）.

accommodate
[E'kCmEdeit; E'kamE7det] v 1 [Tn] provide lodging or room for (sb) 供给（某人）住宿或房间: * This hotel can accommodate up to 500 guests. 这旅馆可供达500位来宾住宿. 2 [Tn.pr] ~ sth to sth change or adjust sth so that it fits or harmonizes with sth else 适应; 迁就; 迎合: * I will accommodate my plans to yours. 我修改一下计划以便和你的计划相适应. 3 (fml 文) (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (with sth) grant or supply (sth) to sb 准予或提供某人（某事物）: * The bank will accommodate you with a loan. 银行将贷给你一笔款. (b) [Tn] do (sb) a favour; oblige 帮（某人的）忙; 施恩惠於: * I shall endeavour to accommodate you whenever possible. 只要有可能, 我将尽力帮你. 4 [Tn] (fml 文) cater for (sth/sb); take into consideration 顺应（某事物[某人]）; 考虑到: * accommodate the special needs of minority groups 照顾少数团体的特殊需要. 派生： accommodating adj (of a person) easy to deal with; willing to help; obliging （指人）随和的, 乐於助人的, 施恩惠的.

accommodation
[E7kCmE'deiFn; E7kamE'deFEn] n 1 (a) [U] (Brit) room(s), esp for living in; lodgings 房间（尤指作居住用者）; 住所: * find suitable, cheap, temporary, permanent, etc accommodation 找合适的、 便宜的、 临时的、 永久的等住宿处 * Hotel accommodation is scarce. 旅馆的房间不足. * Wanted, accommodation for a young married couple. 徵租, 供年轻夫妇的住房. (b) accommodations [pl] (US) lodgings; room(s) and food 住宿; 膳宿. 2 [U] ~ (of sth to sth) (fml 文) process of adapting; adjustment 适应; 调节: * arrange the accommodation of my plans to yours 调整我的计划以便和你的相适应. 3 [C] (fml 文) convenient arrangement; compromise 调解; 和解: * The two sides failed to agree on every point but came to an accommodation. 双方并非在每一点上意见都一致, 但已达成和解. 复合： accommo`dation address address often used on letters to or by sb who is unable or unwilling to give a permanent address 寄宿地址（常用於信件上, 因不愿或不能告以永久地址）. accommo`dation ladder ladder hung from the side of a ship to reach small boats （悬於船舷, 用以连接小船的）舷梯.

accompaniment
[E'kQmpEnimEnt; E'kQmpEnimEnt] n 1 thing that naturally or often goes with another thing 伴随物; 与之俱来的事物: * White wine provided the perfect accompaniment to the meal. 白葡萄酒是这顿饭的最佳佐餐酒. 2 (music 音) part played by an instrument or orchestra to support a solo instrument or voice or a choir 伴奏: * singing with (a) piano accompaniment 由钢琴伴奏的演唱.

accompanist
[E'kQmpEnist; E'kQmpEnist] n person who plays a musical accompaniment 伴奏者.

accompany
[E'kQmpEni; E'kQmpEni] v (pt, pp -nied) 1 [Tn] walk or travel with (sb) as a companion or helper; escort 伴随或跟随（某人）; 陪伴: * I must ask you to accompany me to the police station. 我得要求你陪我去一趟警察分局. * He was accompanied on the expedition by his wife. 他那次远行有妻子陪同. * Warships will accompany the convoy. 军舰将护送船队. 2 [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: * Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (by/with sth) (a) be present or occur with sth 与某事物同时存在或发生: * fever accompanied with delirium 发烧而说胡话 * strong winds accompanied by heavy rain 狂风夹着暴雨. (b) provide sth in addition to sth else; supplement sth 兼带; 附有: * Each application should be accompanied by a stamped addressed envelope. 每份申请书均须附回邮信封、 贴上邮票、 写好地址. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (at/on sth) (music 音) play an accompaniment for sb 给某人伴奏: * The singer was accompanied at/on the piano by her sister. 那位演唱者的姐姐用钢琴给她伴奏.

accomplice
[E'kQmplis; - E'kCm-; E'kamplis] n person who helps another to do sth wicked or illegal 从犯; 帮凶; 同谋: * The police arrested him and his two accomplices. 警方逮捕了他和他的两个同谋.

accomplish
[E'kQmpliF; - E'kCm-; E'kampliF] v [Tn] 1 succeed in doing (sth); complete successfully; achieve 完成（某事物）; 做成功; 实现: * accomplish one's aim, a task 达到目的、 完成任务 * a man who will never accomplish anything 永远一事无成的人. 2 (idm 习语) an accomplished `fact thing that has been done and is no longer worth arguing about because it cannot be changed 既成事实. 派生： accomplished adj 1 ~ (in sth) skilled 有技巧的; 熟练的: an accomplished dancer, cook, poet, etc 有才艺的舞蹈家、 厨师、 诗人等 * be accomplished in music 擅长音乐. 2 well trained or educated in social skills such as conversation, art, music, etc 在谈吐、 美术、 音乐等方面受过良好训练或教育的: an accomplished young lady 年轻的才女.

accomplishment
[E'kQmpliFmEnt; - E'kCm-; E'kampliFmEnt] n 1 [U] successful completion 完成; 成功: * celebrate the accomplishment of one's objectives 庆祝大功告成. 2 [C] thing achieved 成就; 成绩. 3 [C] skill that can be learnt, esp in the social arts 才艺, 技艺, 教养（尤指在社交方面）: * Dancing and singing were among her many accomplishments. 她多才多艺, 能歌善舞.

accord
1[E'kC:d; E'kCrd] n 1 peace treaty; agreement 和平条约; 协议: * an accord between countries/with another country 国与国之间的[与另一国的]条约. 2 (idm 习语) in accord (with sth/sb) agreeing (with sth/sb); in harmony 与（某事物[某人]）一致; 融洽: * Such an act would not be in accord with our policy. 这种做法不符合我们的政策. * They live in perfect accord with each other. 他们生活在一起十分融洽. of one's own ac`cord without being asked or forced; voluntarily 主动地; 自愿地: * He joined the army of his own accord. 他自愿地参了军. with ,one ac`cord everybody agreeing; unanimously 全体一致; 一致地: * With one accord they all stood up and cheered. 他们全体一致起立欢呼.

accordance
[E'kC:dEns; E'kCrdns] n (idm 习语) in accordance with sth in agreement or harmony with sth 按照或依据某事物: * in accordance with sb's wishes 按照某人的愿望 * act in accordance with custom, the regulations, the law 依照惯例、 规章、 法律.

according
[E'kC:diN; E'kCrdiN] 1 according to prep (a) as stated by (sb) or in (sth) 据（某人）所述; 根据（某事物）: * According to John you were in Edinburgh last week. 据约翰说, 你上星期在爱丁堡. * You've been in prison six times according to our records. 根据我们的记录, 你曾入狱六次. (b) in a manner that is consistent with (sth) 按照, 依照（某事物）: * act according to one's principles 按照自己的原则行事 * Everything went according to plan. 一切都是按照计划进行的. * The work was done according to her instructions. 那工作是依照她的指示做的. (c) in a manner or degree that is in proportion to (sth) 视或依（某事物）而定: * salary according to qualifications and experience 视资历和经验而定的薪水 * Arrange the exhibits according to size. 将展品按大小排列. 2 according as conj (fml 文) in a manner or to a degree that varies as 取决於: * Everyone contributes according as he is able. 每个人根据自己的能力作出贡献. 派生： accordingly adv 1 in a manner that is suggested by what is known or has been said 按照已知的或所说的情形: I've told you what the situation is; you must act accordingly. 我已经把情况告诉你了, 你得采取相应的行动. 2 for that reason; therefore 因此; 所以; 於是.

accordion
[E'kC:diEn; E'kCrdiEn] n (also piano accordion) portable musical instrument with a bellows, metal reeds and a keyboard 手风琴. =>illus at concertina 见concertina之插图.

accost
[E'kCst; - E'kC:st; E'kCst] v [Tn] (a) approach and speak to (sb) boldly 贸然上前与（某人）搭讪或攀谈: * She was accosted by a complete stranger. 有一个她完全不认识的人过来跟她搭讪. (b) (of a prostitute) solicit (sb) （指妓女）勾搭, 勾引（某人）.

account
1[E'kaunt; E'kaunt] n 1 (abbr 缩写 a/c) statement of money paid or owed for goods or services 帐目; 帐单: * send in/render an account 报帐[开送帐单] * keep the accounts, ie keep a detailed record of money spent and received 记帐 * The accounts show a profit of 9000. 帐上显示盈利9000英镑. 2 (abbr 缩写 a/c) arrangement made with a bank, firm, etc allowing credit for financial or commercial transactions (used esp as in the expressions shown) 帐户, 户头（与银行、 商店等在财务或商务交易上的约定, 尤用於以下示例）: * have an account at/with that bank, ie keep money there and use its facilities 在那个银行有帐户 * open/close an account 开[结束]户头 * pay money into/draw money out of an account 在一帐户中存[取]钱 * I have 200 in my account. 我的户头里有200英镑. * Will you pay cash or shall I charge it to your account (eg at a shop or restaurant)? 您愿意付现金还是记入您的帐里? （如在商店或饭馆里） 3 report; description 报告; 叙述: * She gave the police a full account of the incident. 她把事件向警方作了详细叙述. * Don't believe the newspaper account (of what happened). 不要相信报纸上（对所发生的事情）的报道. * Keep an account of your daily activities. 把你每天的活动都记下来. 4 (idm 习语) by/from all accounts according to what has been said or reported 据说; 根据报道: * I've never been there but it is, by all accounts, a lovely place. 我从来没去过那个地方, 人家都说那地方很好. by one's own account according to what one says oneself 据某人自己所说. call sb to account => call2. give a good, poor, etc account of oneself do or perform well, badly, etc esp in a contest 表现好、 不好等（尤指於竞赛中）: * Our team gave a splendid account of themselves to win the match. 我们队表现出色, 赢了那场比赛. leave sth out of account/consideration => leave1. of great, small, no, some, etc ac`count of great, small, etc importance 很重要、 不大重要等:

account1
* a man of no account 无足轻重的人. on account (a) as a payment in advance of a larger one 作为先付的部分款项: * I'll give you 20 on account. 我先付你20英镑. (b) to be paid for later 以後付款; 赊帐: * buy sth on account 赊购某物. on account of sth; on this/that account because of sth; for this/that reason 因为、 由於、 为了某事物; 为此: * We delayed our departure on account of the bad weather. 由於天气不好, 我们将启程的时间推迟了. on no account; not on any account not for any reason 决不可以; 切莫: * Don't on any account leave the prisoner unguarded. 这个囚犯决不能没人看守. on one's own ac`count (a) for one's own benefit and at one's own risk 为自己的利益甘冒风险: * work on one's own account 自行负责地工作. (b) on one's own behalf 为了自己: * I was worried on my own account, not yours. 我担心是为我自己, 而不是为了你. on sb's account for sb's sake 为了某人的缘故: * Don't change your plans on my account. 不要为了我而改变你的计划. put/turn sth to good ac`count use (money, talents, etc) well and profitably 善用（钱、 才智等）; 利用: * He turned his artistic gifts to good account by becoming a sculptor. 他发挥艺术天才, 成了雕刻家. render an account of oneself, etc => render. settle one's/an account (with sb) => settle. square one's account/accounts with sb => square. take account of sth; take sth into account include sth in one's assessment, etc; make allowances for sth; consider sth 计及; 斟酌; 体谅; 考虑: * When judging his performance, don't take his age into account. 评定他的表现时, 不必考虑他的年龄.

accountable
[E'kauntEbl; E'kauntEbl] adj [pred 作表语] ~ (to sb) (for sth) required or expected to give an explanation for one's actions, etc; responsible （对自己的行为等）应作解说; 负责: * Who are you accountable to in the organization? 你在这个组织里向谁负责? * He is mentally ill and cannot be held accountable for his actions. 他有精神病, 不能对自己的行为负责.

accountant
[E'kauntEnt; E'kauntEnt] n person whose profession is to keep or inspect financial accounts 会计师; 会计员. 派生： accountancy/E'kauntEnsi; E'kauntEnsi] n [U] profession of an accountant 会计职业.

accoutrements
[E'ku:tEmEnts; E'kutlmEnts] (US accouterments[- E'ku:tErmEnts; E'kutlmEnts] ) n [pl] 1 equipment; trappings 装备; 服饰. 2 soldier's equipment other than weapons and clothes 士兵（除武器及军服以外）的装备.

accredit
[E'kredit; E'kredit] v 1 [Tn.pr usu passive 通常用於被动语态] ~ sth to sb/~ sb with sth attribute (a saying, etc) to sb; credit sb with (a saying, etc) 认为（某说法等）出自某人; 认为某人所（说等）: * He is accredited with having first introduced this word into the language. 是他在这个语言中首先使用这个词的. 2 [Tn.pr] ~ sb to/at...; ~ sb to sb (fml 文) send or appoint sb (esp an ambassador) as the official representative to (a foreign government, etc) 委派或任命某人（到外国政府等）任官方代表（尤指大使等）: * He was accredited to/at Madrid/accredited to the Spanish king. 他被委任为驻马德里[被委任为谒见西班牙国王]的大使. 3 [Tn] gain belief or influence for (advice, an adviser, a statement, etc) 因（提建议、 作顾问、 提出主张等而）获得信赖或有影响力. 派生： accredited adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] 1 officially recognized 官方认可的: our accredited representative 我们的官方认可的代表. 2 generally accepted or believed 普遍接受的; 公认的: the accredited theories 普遍接受的理论. 3 certified as being of a prescribed quality 质量鉴定合格的.

accretion
[E'kri:Fn; E'kriFEn] n 1 [U] (a) growth or increase by means of gradual additions （逐渐地）生长, 增大. (b) the growing of separate things into one 连生; 合生. 2 [C] (a) added matter that causes such growth 增添物. (b) thing formed by the addition of such matter 积累而成的东西: * a chimney blocked by an accretion of soot 被聚积的煤烟子所堵塞的烟囱.

accrue
[E'kru:; E'kru] v [I, Ipr] ~ (to sb) (from sth) come as a natural increase or advantage, esp financial; accumulate 自然增长或利益增加（尤指财务）; 积累: * the power and wealth which accrued to the prince 王子的权力和财产的增加 * Interest will accrue if you keep your money in a savings account. 把钱存在储蓄帐户里就会生息. > accrual n [U, C].

accumulate
[E'kju:mjuleit; E'kjumjE7let] v 1 [Tn] gradually get or gather together an increasing number or quantity of (sth); get (sth) in this way 积累, 聚积（某物）; 聚集而成（某事物）: * accumulate books, a library 收藏书籍、 集成书库 * accumulate enough evidence to ensure his conviction 搜集足够的证据以给他定罪 * By investing wisely she accumulated a fortune. 她由於投资精明而积蓄了一笔财产. * My savings are accumulating interest. 我的储蓄不断生息. 2 [I] increase in number or quantity 增加: * Dust and dirt soon accumulate if a house is not cleaned regularly. 房屋不经常打扫, 尘土很快就越积越多. > accumulation/E7kju:mju'leiFn; E7kjumjE'leFEn] n [U, C]: * the accumulation of money, knowledge, experience 金钱、 知识、 经验的积累 * an accumulation of unwanted rubbish 多馀的废物成堆.

accumulative
[E'kju:mjulEtiv; - -leitiv; E'kjumjE'letiv] adj growing steadily by a series of additions; resulting from accumulation; cumulative 积累的; 聚积的; 累积的: * accumulative interest 累积的利息 * the accumulative effects of eating too much 长期饮食过量造成的後果.

accumulator
[E'kju:mjuleitE(r); E'kjumjE7letl] n 1 (Brit) storage battery that can be recharged, eg for a motor vehicle 蓄电池（如用於机动车辆者）. 2 (esp Brit) bet placed on a series of sporting events, esp horse races, with the winnings from each being staked on the next 累积赌注（尤指在赛马等连续赌博项目中, 将前次所赢的钱加在下一次之上者）. 3 device in a computer that stores and progressively adds numbers 累加器（计算机中储存并累积数目的装置）.

accuracy
[5AkjErEsi; 5AkjErEsi] n [U] precision or exactness, esp resulting from careful effort 精确, 准确（尤指用心的结果）: * predict sth with great accuracy 极准确地预言某事物 * It is impossible to say with any (degree of) accuracy how many are affected. 无论如何也说不准受影响的有多少.

accurate
[5AkjErEt; 5AkjErEt] adj 1 free from error 正确无误的: * an accurate clock, map, weighing machine 准确的钟、 地图、 衡器 * accurate statistics, measurements, calculations, etc 准确的统计、 测量、 计算等 * His description was accurate. 他的叙述很正确. 2 careful and exact 精确的; 准确的: * take accurate aim 瞄得准 * Journalists are not always accurate (in what they write). 新闻工作者（的报道）并非一贯准确. > accurately adv.

accursed
[E'kE:sid; E'kEsid] adj 1 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (infml 口) hateful; detestable; annoying 可恨的; 可恶的; 讨厌的: * those accursed neighbours of ours 我们那些可恶的邻居 * this accursed weather 这讨厌的天气. 2 (dated 旧) under a curse 被诅咒的.

accusation
[7Akju:'zeiFn; 7Akju'zeFEn] n 1 [U] accusing or being accused 指责; 谴责; 控告: * prevent the accusation of an innocent person 防止指控无辜. 2 [C] statement accusing a person of a fault, wrongdoing or crime （控告某人的）罪状: * Accusations of corruption have been made/brought/laid against him. 对他贪污的控告已经提出.

accusative
[E'kju:zEtiv; E'kjuzEtiv] n (usu sing 通常作单数) (grammar) special form of a noun, a pronoun or an adjective used (in some inflected languages) when it is the direct object of a verb 宾格（某些屈折语中名词、 代词或形容词作动词直接宾语时的一种格）. 派生： accusative adj of or in the accusative 宾格的: The accusative forms of the pronouns `I', `we' and `she' are `me', `us' and `her'. 代词I、we、she的宾格形式是me、us、her.

accuse
[E'kju:z; E'kjuz] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (of sth) say that sb has done wrong, is guilty (of sth) or has broken the law 指责某人有错、 犯（某）罪或犯法; 指控; 控告; 谴责: * accuse sb of cheating, cowardice, theft 谴责某人欺诈、 指责某人怯懦、 控告某人偷窃. 派生： accusatory/E'kju:zEtEri; - -tC:ri; E'kjuzE7tCri] adj of or indicating an accusation 指责的; 谴责的; 控告的: * accusatory remarks, glances 责备的言语、 目光. the accused n (pl unchanged 复数不变) person charged in a criminal case 刑事被告: The accused was/were acquitted of the charge. 被告被宣告无罪. accuser n. accusingly/E'kju:ziNli; E'kjuziNli] adv in an accusing manner 以谴责或控告的态度: * look, point, etc accusingly at sb 以责备的态度看着、 指着...某人.

accustom
[E'kQstEm; E'kQstEm] v [Tn.pr] ~ oneself/sb/sth to sth make oneself, etc used to sth 使自己等习惯於某事物: * He quickly accustomed himself to this new way of life. 他很快就习惯了这种新的生活方式. 派生： accustomed adj 1 [attrib 作定语] usual; habitual 通常的; 惯常的: He took his accustomed seat by the fire. 他坐在火炉旁他常坐的座位上. 2 [pred 作表语] ~ to sth used to sth 习惯於某事物: I soon got accustomed to his strange ways. 我不久就习惯了他那些奇怪的做法. * He quickly became accustomed to the local food. 他很快就习惯了当地的食物. * My eyes slowly grew accustomed to the gloom. 我的眼睛对黑暗慢慢适应了. * This is not the kind of treatment I am accustomed to, ie not the kind I usually receive. 这不是我惯常受到的那种待遇.

ace
[eis; es] n 1 playing-card with a large single spot, usu having the highest or lowest value in card games 点的纸牌（通常在纸牌游戏中点数最高或最低）: * the ace of spades 黑桃. 2 (infml 口) person who is an expert at some activity 某些活动中的能手 : * [attrib 作定语] an ace pilot, footballer, marksman, etc 王牌驾驶员、 足球健将、 神射手. 3 (in tennis) stroke, esp a service, that is too good for the opponent to return （网球赛中, 尤指发球）得分的一击. 4 (idm 习语) (have) an ace up one's sleeve; US (have) an ace in the hole (infml 口) (have) sth effective kept secretly in reserve 暗中保留的王牌. play one's ace use one's best resource 使出绝招. within an ace of sth/doing sth very near to (doing) sth 差一点儿, 几乎（做）某事: * He was within an ace of death/being killed. 他险些丧了命.

acerbic
[E'sE:bik; E'sEbik] adj (fml 文) (esp of speech or manner) harsh and sharp （尤指说话或态度）严厉的, 尖刻的: * an acerbic remark, tone, etc 尖刻的话、 腔调等. > acerbity/E'sE:bEti; E'sEbEti] n [U, C].

acetate
[5Asiteit; 5AsE7tet] n 1 [U, C] (chemistry 化) compound derived from acetic acid 醋酸盐. 2 [C] (also acetate silk) fabric made from cellulose acetate （用醋酸纤维素制成的）人造丝.

acetic
[E'si:tik; E'sitik] adj of or like vinegar 醋的; 酸的. 复合： a,cetic `acid acid in vinegar that gives it its characteristic taste and smell 醋酸.

acetone
[5AsitEun; 5AsE7ton] n [U] (chemistry 化) colourless liquid with a strong smell used to dilute paints and varnishes and to make certain chemicals 丙酮.

acetylene
[E'setili:n; E'setl7in] n [U] (chemistry 化) colourless gas that burns with a bright flame, used in cutting and welding metal 乙炔; 电石气.

ache
[eik; ek] n (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) continuous dull pain （持续而隐约的）疼痛: * `backache * `earache * a `headache * `stomach-ache * `toothache * a `tummy-ache * My body was all aches and pains. 我浑身疼痛. * He has an ache in his/the chest. 他胸部疼痛. 派生： ache v 1 [I] suffer from a continuous dull pain 持续地隐隐作痛: My head aches/is aching. 我头痛. * I'm aching all over. 我浑身疼痛. * (fig 比喻) It makes my heart ache (ie makes me sad) to see her suffer. 看到她受罪使我痛心. 2 [Ipr, It] ~ for sb/sth have a longing for sb/sth or to do sth 渴望得到某人[某事物]或做某事: He was aching for home/to go home. 他渴望回家. achy[5eiki; 5eki] adj (infml 口) full of or suffering from aches 疼痛的.

achieve
[E'tFi:v; E'tFiv] v [Tn] 1 gain or reach (sth), usu by effort, skill, courage, etc （通常藉努力、 技巧、 勇气等）获得或达到（某事物）: * achieve success, one's ambition, notoriety, peace of mind 获得成功、 实现抱负、 落得个臭名、 得到心情的平静. 2 get (sth) done; accomplish or complete 做成（某事物）; 实现; 完成: * I've achieved only half of what I'd hoped to do. 我希望做到的, 我仅完成了一半. 派生： achievable adj (of an objective) that can be achieved （指目的）可完成的, 可达到的. achievement n 1 [U] action of achieving 完成; 达到: celebrate the achievement of one's aims 庆祝愿望的实现. 2 [C] thing done successfully, esp with effort and skill 成就, 成绩（尤指藉努力和技巧而得到者）: the greatest scientific achievement of the decade 这十年的最伟大的科学成就. =>Usage at act1 用法见act1.

Achilles
[E'kili:z; E'kiliz] n (idm 习语) an/one's Achilles' `heel weak or vulnerable point; fault, esp in sb's character, which can lead to his downfall 致命弱点; （尤指某人个性中可导致一败涂地的）缺陷: * Vanity is his Achilles' heel. 虚荣自负是他的致命伤. 复合： Achilles' `tendon tendon attaching the calf muscles to the heel 跟腱（连接小腿叁头肌与足跟的腱）.

achy
=> ache.

acid
1[5Asid; 5Asid] n 1 [U, C] (chemistry 化) substance that contains hydrogen, which can be replaced by a metal to form a salt 酸（能被金属置换出氢而成为盐的物质）: * Vinegar contains acetic acid. 醋中含有醋酸. * Some acids burn holes in wood. 有些酸能把木头烧成洞. Cf 参看 alkali. 2 [C] any sour substance 酸味物质. 3 [U] (sl 俚) = LSD. 4 (idm 习语) the `acid test test that gives conclusive proof of the value or worth of sth/sb 决定性考验: * The acid test of a good driver is whether he remains calm in an emergency. 衡量驾驶员水平的决定性考验, 就是看他在紧急关头能否保持镇静. 派生： acidic/E'sidik; E'sidik] adj of or like an acid 酸性的; 酸味的. acidosis[7Asi'dEusis; 7Asi'dosis] n [U] condition of having too much acid in the blood or body tissues 酸中毒. 复合： ,acid `rain rainwater that is made acid by chemical substances (esp from factories) becoming dissolved in it, and that damages trees, crops, etc 酸雨.

acidulous
[E'sidjulEs; - -idVul-; E'sidVElEs] adj rather sharp or bitter in taste or manner （味）酸的; （态度）尖酸刻薄的. 派生： acidulated/E'sidjuleitid; - -idVul-; E'sidVE7letid] adj made slightly acid 带酸味的; 微酸的.

acknowledge
[Ek'nClidV; Ek'nalidV] v 1 [Tn, Tf, Tw, Cn.a, Cn.t] accept the truth of (sth); admit (sth) 承认（某事物）属实; 供认（某事物）: * acknowledge the need for reform 承认改革的需要 * a generally acknowledged fact 公认的事实 * He acknowledged it to be true/that it was true. 他供认那是事实. * They refused to acknowledge defeat/that they were defeated/themselves beaten. 他们拒不承认失败[他们被打败/自己被击败]. 2 [Tn] report that one has received (sth) 告知已收到（某物）: * acknowledge (receipt of) a letter 告知已收到一封信. 3 [Tn] express thanks for (sth) 为（某事物）表示感谢: * acknowledge help 对相助表示感谢 * His services to the country were never officially acknowledged. 他对国家所作的贡献从未受到过正式的表彰. 4 [Tn] show that one has noticed or recognized (sb) by a smile, nod of the head, greeting, etc 以微笑、 点头、 打招呼等表示注意到或认出（某人）: * I was standing right next to her, but she didn't even acknowledge me/my presence. 我就站在她旁边, 可是她连个招呼都不跟我打. 5 (a) [Cn.n/a, Cn.t] ~ sb (as sth) accept sb (as sth) 承认某人（为某事物）: * Stephen acknowledged Henry as (ie recognized his claim to be) his heir. 斯蒂芬接受亨利为他的继承人. * He was generally acknowledged to be the finest poet in the land. 他是公认的全国最优秀的诗人. (b) [Tn] accept or recognize (sth) 接受或承认（某事物）: * The country acknowledged his claim to the throne. 全国人民确认了他的王权. 派生： acknowledgement (also acknowledgment) n 1 [U] act of acknowledging 承认; 致谢; 感谢: We are sending you some money in acknowledgement of your valuable help. 我们谨奉薄酬, 对您的大力协助聊表谢忱. 2 [C] (a) letter, etc stating that sth has been received （表示收到某物的）回信, 收条, 回帖等: I didn't receive an acknowledgement of my application. 对我的申请, 我还没收到回信.

acknowledge1
(b) thing given or done in return for a service, etc 回敬之物; 答谢: These flowers are a small acknowledgement of your great kindness. 这些花是用来对您的恩惠略表谢意的. 3 [C, U] statement (in a book, etc) of an author's thanks to other people or writings that have helped him （於书籍等中, 作者对曾借助的人或作品的）志谢, 感谢: Her theory was quoted without (an) acknowledgement. 她的理论被人引用而未向她致谢.

acme
[5Akmi; 5Akmi] n (usu sing 通常作单数) highest stage of development; point of perfection （发展的）顶点; （尽善尽美的）极点: * reach the acme of success 达到成功的顶点.

acne
[5Akni; 5Akni] n [U] inflammation of the oil-glands of the skin, producing red pimples on the face and neck 痤疮; 粉刺: * Many adolescents suffer from/have acne. 很多青少年患有痤疮[长粉刺].

acolyte
[5AkElait; 5AkE7lait] n 1 person who helps a priest in certain church services （教士或僧侣等在举行宗教仪式时的）助手; 侍僧. 2 assistant; apprentice; faithful follower 助手; 徒弟; 信徒.

aconite
[5AkEnait; 5AkE7nait] n 1 [C, U] perennial plant with yellow or blue flowers and a poisonous root 乌头（一种开黄花或蓝花, 根有毒的植物, 又称狼毒）. 2 [U] drug made from this plant 用乌头制的药物.

acorn
[5eikC:n; 5e7kCrn] n 1 fruit of the oak-tree, with a cup-like base 橡子, 栎实（栎树的果实）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page i. 2 (idm 习语) big, etc oaks from little acorns grow => oak.

acoustic
[E'ku:stik; E'kustik] adj 1 (a) of sound or the sense of hearing 声音的; 听觉的. (b) of acoustics 1 传音效果的; 声学的. 2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of a musical instrument) not electric （指乐器）原声的（不是电的）: * an acoustic guitar 原声吉他. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xi. 派生： acoustic n [sing] = acoustics 1: The hall has a fine acoustic. 这个大厅的传音效果很好. acoustically adv: The hall is excellent acoustically. 这个大厅在传音方面极好. acoustics n 1 [pl] (also acoustic [sing]) qualities of a room, hall, etc that make it good or bad for carrying sound （房间、 大厅等的）传音效果, 音响效果: The acoustics of this concert hall are excellent. 这个音乐厅的传音效果极好. 2 [sing v] scientific study of sound 声学; 音响学.

acquaint
[E'kweint; E'kwent] v [Tn.pr] ~ sb/oneself with sth make sb/oneself familiar with or aware of sth 使某人[自己]熟悉或了解某事物: * Please acquaint me with the facts of the case. 请把这事的情况告诉我. * The lawyer acquainted himself with the details of his client's business affairs. 那位律师了解委托人生意上的详情. 派生： acquainted adj [pred 作表语] 1 ~ with sth familiar with sth 对某事物熟悉: Are you acquainted with the works of Shakespeare? 你对莎士比亚的作品熟悉吗? * You will soon become fully acquainted with the procedures. 你很快就会对这些程序完全熟悉了. 2 ~ (with sb) knowing sb personally 对某人认识的: I am not acquainted with the lady. 我不认识那位女士. * We are/became acquainted. 我们认识[已经认识了]. * Let's get better acquainted. 让我们进一步相互了解吧.

acquaintance
[E'kweintEns; E'kwentEns] n 1 [U] ~ with sth/sb (often slight) knowledge of sth/sb 对某事物[某人]（常为略微的）了解: * He has some little acquaintance with the Japanese language. 他稍微会一点儿日语. 2 [C] person whom one knows but who is not a close friend 相识而非密友者; 泛泛之交: * He has a wide circle of acquaintances. 他交游甚广. * She's an old acquaintance, ie I've known her for a long time. 她是个老相识（我早就认识她）. 3 (idm 习语) have a nodding acquaintance with sb/sth => nod. make sb's acquaintance/make the acquaintance of sb get to know sb; meet sb personally 结识某人; 与某人相见: * I made his acquaintance at a party. 我是在一个聚会 上认识他的. on (further) ac`quaintance when known for a (longer) period of time 认识了一段（较长）时间以後: * His manner seemed unpleasant at first, but he improved on further acquaintance. 他的举止起初让人很不愉快, 但是经过进一步接触他改了许多. scrape an acquaintance with sb => scrape1.

acquiesce
[7Akwi'es; 7Akwi'es] v [I, Ipr] ~ (in sth) (fml 文) accept sth without protest; offer no opposition (to a plan, conclusion, etc) 默认; 顺从; 默许（一计划、 结论等）: * Her parents will never acquiesce in such an unsuitable marriage. 她的父母决不会答应这门不相宜的婚事. 派生： acquiescence[7Akwi5esns; 7Akwi5esns] n [U]. acquiescent[-'esnt; -'esnt] adj ready to acquiesce 默认的; 顺从的: * an acquiescent nature 和顺的性情 * She is too acquiescent, ie too ready to comply. 她太百依百顺了.

acquire
[E'kwaiE(r); E'kwair] v 1 [Tn] (a) gain (sth) by one's own ability, efforts or behaviour （靠自己的能力、 努力或行为而）获得, 得到（某事物）: * acquire a good knowledge of English, an antique painting, a taste for brandy, a reputation for dishonesty 学好英语、 得到一幅古画、 学会喝白兰地酒、 得到不诚实的名声. (b) obtain (sth); be given (sth) 取得（某事物）; 收到（某事物）: * My sister couldn't take her desk with her to the new house: * that's how I came to acquire it. 我妹妹无法把她的书桌搬入新居, 我就是这样才得到它的. * We've just acquired a dog. 我们刚得到一只狗. 2 (idm 习语) an acquired `taste thing that one learns to like gradually 逐渐培养的爱好: * Abstract art is an acquired taste. 抽象派艺术要慢慢才会欣赏.

acquisition
[7Akwi'ziFn; 7AkwE'ziFEn] n 1 [U] action of acquiring 获得; 得到: * the acquisition of antiques, knowledge, a fortune 获得古董、 知识、 财富. 2 [C] thing acquired, esp sth useful 获得物（尤指有用的）: * the library's most recent acquisitions, ie books it has obtained recently 图书馆最近增添的书籍 * The school has a valuable new acquisition (ie a valuable new teacher) in Mr Smith. 学校里来了个生力军（很好的新教师）史密斯先生.

acquisitive
[E'kwizEtiv; E'kwizEtiv] adj (often derog 常作贬义) keen to acquire things, esp material possessions 渴望得到的; 贪得无厌的, 一味追求的（尤指物质占有方面）: * an acquisitive collector 贪多务得的收藏家. > acquisitively adv. acquisitiveness n [U].

acquit
[E'kwit; E'kwit] v (-tt-) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (of sth) declare sb to be not guilty (of a crime, etc); free or clear sb (of blame, responsibility, etc) 宣告某人无罪; 给某人平反, 免除责任: * The jury acquitted him of (the charge of) murder. 陪审团宣告他谋杀罪（的罪名）不成立. Cf 参看 convict. 2 [Tn] ~ oneself well, badly, etc behave or perform in a specified way （以某种方式）活动或表现: * He acquitted himself bravely in the battle. 他在战斗中表现得很勇敢. 派生： acquittal/E'kwitl; E'kwitl] n (law 律) 1 [C] judgement that a person is not guilty of the crime with which he has been charged 无罪的判决: * There were three convictions and two acquittals in court today. 今日法庭宣判叁人有罪、 两人无罪. 2 [U] being acquitted 被宣判无罪: * Lack of evidence resulted in their acquittal. 因证据不足而宣判他们无罪.

acre
[5eikE(r); 5ekl] n 1 measure of land, 4840 square yards or about 4050 square metres 英亩（等於4840平方码或约4050平方米）: * a three-acre wood 叁英亩的树林. =>App 4, 5 见附录4 5. 2 field; piece of land 耕地; 土地: * rolling acres of farm land 起伏不平的广阔田地. 派生： acreage[5eikEridV; 5ekEridV] n [U] area of land measured in acres 以英亩量度的土地面积; 英亩数: * What is the acreage of the farm? 这个农场有多少英亩?

acrid
[5Akrid; 5Akrid] adj 1 having a strongly bitter smell or taste 呛人的; 辛辣的; 苦的: * acrid fumes from burning rubber 燃烧橡胶的刺鼻浓烟 * Vinegar smells acrid. 醋味呛人. 2 bitter in temper or manner; caustic （性情或态度）刻薄的, 讥刺的: * an acrid dispute 一场激烈的争论. > acridity/E'kridEti; E'kridEti] n [U].

acrimony
[5AkrimEni; - -mEuni; 5AkrE7moni] n [U] bitterness of manner or words （态度或言语的）尖刻, 刻薄: * The dispute was settled without acrimony. 这场争论未剑拔弩张而获解决. 派生： acrimonious[7Akri5mEuniEs; 7AkrE'moniEs] adj (esp of quarrels) bitter （尤指争吵）尖酸刻薄的: * an acrimonious meeting, discussion, atmosphere 争吵激烈的会议、 讨论、 气氛. acrimoniously adv.

acrobat
[5AkrEbAt; 5AkrE7bAt] n person, esp at a circus, who performs difficult or unusual physical acts (eg somersaults, walking on the hands or walking on a rope) 杂技演员. 派生： acrobatic[7AkrE'bAtik; 7AkrE'bAtik] adj of or like an acrobat 杂技的; 像杂技表演的: * acrobatic feats, skills 杂技、 杂技技艺. acrobatically adv. acrobatics n 1 [pl] acrobatic acts 杂技动作; 杂技: perform/do acrobatics 表演杂技 * Her acrobatics were greeted with loud applause. 她的杂技表演赢得了热烈的掌声. 2 [sing v] art of performing these 杂技表演艺术: Acrobatics takes a long time to learn. 杂技要用很长时间学习.

acronym
[5AkrEnim; 5AkrEnim] n word formed from the initial letters of a group of words, eg UNESCO/ju:'neskEu; ju'nesko] , ie United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 首字母缩略词（由一组词中各词的首字母组合而成的词, 如UNESCO是由United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization各词的首字母组成的词）.

acropolis
[E'krCpElis; E'krapElis] n citadel or upper fortified part of an ancient Greek city （古希腊城市的）卫城: * Many tourists visit the Acropolis in Athens. 有很多游客参观雅典的卫城.

across
1[E'krCs; - E'krC:s; E'krCs] adv part 1 from one side to the other side 从一边到另一边; 横过: * Can you swim across? 你能游过去吗? * Will you row me across? 你划船把我送过去行吗? * I helped the blind man across. 我帮助那个盲人过去了. * Come across to my office this afternoon. 你今天下午到我办公室来一趟. 2 on the other side 在另一边: * We leave Dover at ten and we should be across in France by midnight. 我们十点钟离开多佛, 午夜时应能抵达法国那边. 3 from side to side 从这边到那边之间; 宽: * The river is half a mile across, ie wide. 这条河有半英里宽. 复合： across from prep (esp US) opposite (sth) 在...的对面: Just across from our house there's a school. 就在我们房子的对面有一所学校.

acrostic
[E'krCstik; - -'krC:s-; E'krCstik] n poem or word-puzzle in which the first, or the first and last, letters of the lines form a word or words 离合诗; 离合字谜（数行诗句或文字的首字母或首尾字母能组合成词或词组者）.

acrylic
[E'krilik; E'krilik] adj of a synthetic material made from an organic acid and used for making dress fabrics, etc 丙烯酸的. 派生： acrylic n [U, C] acrylic fibre, plastic or resin 丙烯酸的纤维、 塑料或树脂.

act
1[Akt; Akt] n 1 (a) [C] thing done; deed 行为; 举动: * It is an act of kindness/a kind act to help a blind man across the street. 帮助盲人过马路是做好事. * This dreadful murder is surely the act of a madman. 这种令人惊骇的谋杀纯粹是疯子的行为. (b) (the) Acts (of the Apostles) [pl] (in the Bible) accounts of the missionary work of the Apostles 《使徒行传》（《圣经》中对使徒传道的记述）. =>Usage 见所附用法. 2 [C] any of the main divisions of a play or an opera （戏剧中的）一幕: * a play in five acts 一出五幕剧 * The hero dies in Act 4, Scene 3. 男主角在第4幕第3场中死去. 3 [C] any of a series of short performances in a programme; piece of entertainment 简短的节目; 一段表演: * a circus act 马戏表演 * a song and dance act 歌舞表演. 4 [C] decree or law made by a legislative body （立法机构所立的）法案, 法令: * an Act of Parliament （英国议会的）法例 * Parliament has passed an act which makes such sports illegal. 议会通过了一项法例, 规定这些娱乐是非法的. 5 [C] (infml 口) way of behaving which is not genuine, but which is adopted for the effect it will have on others; pretence (used esp as in the expressions shown 假装（尤用於以下示例）): * Don't take her seriously it's all an act. 别跟她认真--完全是装腔作势. * She's just putting on an act, ie only pretending. 她只是装模作样罢了. 6 (idm 习语) an ,act of `God (law 律) event caused by uncontrollable natural forces, eg a storm, a flood, an earthquake or a volcanic eruption 天灾, 自然灾害（如暴风雨、 水灾、 地震或火山爆发）: * insure against all loss or damage excluding that caused by an act of God 承保一切损失或毁坏, 不包括天灾造成的. be/get in on the act (infml 口) be/become involved in a particular activity, esp for one's own benefit or profit （尤指为自己得到好处或利益而）参与某种活动:

act1
* She has made a lot of money from her business and now her family want to get in on the act too. 她在生意上赚了大钱, 现在她家里的人也要插手了. do a disappearing act => disappear. (catch sb) in the (very) act (of doing sth) (discover sb) while he is doing sth, esp sth wrong （发现某人）正做某事（尤指坏事）; 当场: * I caught her in the act (of reading my letters). 我当场发现了她（正在看我的信）. * In the act of bending down, he slipped and hurt his back. 他一弯腰滑倒了, 跌伤了背. read the Riot Act => read. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: 1 An act or action can be good or bad. *act或action用於指好事或坏事均可. The words are close in meaning and sometimes identical 这两个词词义相近, 有时完全相同: a generous act/action 慷慨之举 * the acts/actions of a monster 妖怪的举动. When speaking about general behaviour, actions is used 凡指一般的行动或行为, 可用 actions: He is impulsive in his actions. 他凭一时冲动行事. An act is often specified *act一词常伴有具体说明: Helping the homeless is an act of mercy. 帮助无家可归者是慈善行为. Deed is more formal and often refers to major acts *deed一词较文雅, 常指重大的举动: be guilty of many foul deeds 有多项恶行 * He spent his whole life doing good deeds. 他一生行善. 2 Exploit, feat and achievement are all desirable or noteworthy actions.*exploit、feat、achievement叁词均指令人向往的或值得注目的举动或行为. Both feat and achievementemphasize the difficulty of accomplishing something mental or physical *feat和achievement均着重指在脑力或体力方面完成某事物的艰巨性: Coming top in the exam was quite an achievement. 考第一是很了不起的成绩. * The new bridge is a feat of engineering. 这座新桥是建 工程的壮举. Exploit relates to the performance of a physical action or series of actions which are often brave or daring *exploit指体力的行为表现, 常为敢闯敢干的举动: The travellers wrote an account of their dangerous exploits in the Andes. 旅行者写了一篇叙述他们在安第斯山历险的文章.

acting
[5AktiN; 5AktiN] adj [attrib 作定语] doing the duties of another person for a time 代理的: * the acting manager, headmistress, etc 代理的经理、 （女）校长等.

actinism
[5AktinizEm; 5Aktin7izEm] n [U] property of short-wave radiation that produces chemical changes, as in photography 光化性（光波的辐射性能, 可产生化学变化, 如摄影术中者）.

action
[5AkFn; 5AkFEn] n 1 [U] (a) process of doing sth; using energy or influence; activity 行动; 作用; 活动: * I only like films that have got plenty of action. 我只喜欢有很多惊险动作的电影. * The time has come for action. 行动的时候到了. * a man of action, ie one who achieves much by being decisive and energetic 实干家（靠果敢和干劲而取得成就的人）. (b) [C]thing done; deed; act 所作之事; 行为; 行动: * Her quick action saved his life. 她动作迅速因而救了他一命. * You must judge a person by his actions, not by what he says. 判断一个人, 要看他的所作所为, 而不是看他所说的话. =>Usage at act1 用法见act1. 2 [U] events in a story or play （故事或戏剧中的）情节: * The action is set in France. 事情发生在法国. 3 [sing] ~ on sth effect that one substance has on another （一物质对另一物质所起的）作用: * The action of salt on ice causes it to melt. 盐作用於冰而使其融化. 4 [U] fighting in battle between troops, warships, etc （军队、 军舰等之间的）战斗, 战事: * killed in action 阵亡 * the destruction caused by enemy action 敌军在战斗中造成的破坏 * He saw (ie was involved in) action in North Africa. 他曾经历了北非的战事. 5 [C] legal process; lawsuit 诉讼: * He brought an action against her, ie sought judgement against her in a lawcourt. 他起诉她了. 6 [C] (a) way of functioning, esp of a part of the body 功能（尤指身体某部的）: * study the action of the liver 研究肝功能. (b) way of moving, eg of an athlete, or of a horse when jumping 动作的姿势（如运动员或马跳时）: * a fast bowler with a fine action 姿势优美而动作敏捷的滚木球运动员. (c) mechanism of an instrument, esp of a gun, piano or clock 机械装置（尤指枪炮、 钢琴、 钟表等者）. 7 (idm 习语) ,actions speak ,louder than `words (saying 谚) what a person actually does means more than what he says he will do 行动胜於语言. course of action => rsecourse. in `action in operation or engaging in a typical activity 在运转; 在操作; 在某项活动中:

action1
* I've heard she's a marvellous player but I've never seen her in action. 我听说她是位高手, 但是我从未实地见过. into `action into operation or a typical activity 实施; 进行其活动: * put a plan into action 将计划付诸实施 * At daybreak the troops went into action, ie started fighting. 拂晓时部队投入战斗. out of `action no longer able to operate or function; not working 不能再运转; 失去效用; 不工作: * This machine is out of action. 这台机器出了故障. * The enemy guns put many of our tanks out of action. 敌军炮火击毁我军很多坦克. * I've been out of action for several weeks with a broken leg. 我的腿折了, 已经几个星期没工作了. a piece/slice of the `action (infml 口) involvement in some enterprise, esp in order to get a share of the profits 参与某事（尤指为获得利益的）: * I'm only putting money into this scheme if I get a slice of the action. 我若能分一杯羹, 才出钱参与这一计划. swing into action => swing1. take `action do sth in response to what has happened 采取行动; 行动起来: * Immediate action must be taken to stop the fire spreading. 必须立即采取行动阻止火势蔓延. take evasive action => evasive. where the `action is (infml 口) any place where life is thought to be busy, enjoyable, profitable, etc 热闹、 享乐、 有利可图等的地方: * Life in the country can be dull London is where all the action is. 乡下的生活有时是很枯燥的--伦敦才是最热闹的地方. 派生： actionable adj giving sufficient cause for a lawsuit 可提起诉讼的: Be careful what you say your remarks may be actionable. 你说话要小心--你的话是可用来控告你的. 复合： `action group group formed to take active measures, esp in politics 行动小组（尤指政治方面）. `action painting type of abstract painting in which the artist puts the paint on randomly, eg by throwing or splashing it 行动绘画（抽象派作画的一种, 画家任意泼 颜料而成）.

action2
,action `replay running again, often in slow motion, of part of a film showing a specific incident, esp in a sports match 动作重放（常为缓慢重放影片中某细节, 尤用於运动比赛中）. `action stations positions to which soldiers, etc go when fighting is expected to begin （即将开始作战时, 士兵等所应就的）战斗岗位: (fig 比喻) Action stations, I can hear the boss coming! 各就各位, 我已经听见老板来了!

activate
[5Aktiveit; 5AktE7vet] v [Tn] 1 make (sth) active 使（某事物）活动: * The burglar alarm was activated by mistake. 防盗铃误响了. 2 (physics 物) make (sth) radioactive 使（某物）产生放射性. 3 (chemistry 化) make (a reaction) happen more quickly, eg by heat 使（反应）加快（如藉加热）; 使活化. > activation/ 9AktI`veIFn; 9AktE`veFEn/ n [U].

active
[5Aktiv; 5Aktiv] adj 1 (a) (in the habit of) doing things; energetic （惯於）做事的; 精力旺盛的; 积极的; 活跃的: * Although he's quite old he's still very active. 他虽然老了, 可仍闲不住. * lead an active life, ie one full of activity 过着活跃的生活 * She takes an active part (ie is energetically involved) in local politics. 她积极参加本地的政治活动. (b) quick; lively 迅速的; 活跃的: * have an active brain 头脑灵活. 2 functioning; in operation 起作用的; 操作中的: * an active volcano, ie one that erupts occasionally 活火山. 3 having an effect; not merely passive 有效的; 主动的: * the active ingredients 有效成分 * active resistance 积极抵抗. 4 radioactive 放射性的. 5 (grammar) of the form of a verb whose grammatical subject is the person or thing that performs the action, as in He was driving the car and The children ate the cake 主动语态的（动词的一种形态, 其语法上的主语为施动的人或物, 如 He was driving the car及The children ate the cake等句）. Cf 参看 passive. 派生： active n [sing] (also active voice) (grammar) active(5) forms of a verb 动词的主动语态形式: In the sentence `She cleaned the car' the verb is in the active. 在She cleaned the car句中, 动词是主动式. Cf 参看 passive voice (passive). actively adv: actively involved in the project 积极参与该计划 * Your proposal is being actively considered. 你的建议正获积极考虑. activeness n [U]. 复合： active `service (US also active `duty) full-time service in the armed forces, esp during a war 现役: be on active service 服现役. active voice

activist
[5Aktivist; 5Aktivist] n person who takes or supports vigorous action, esp for a political cause 积极分子（参与或支持激烈活动的人, 尤指政治方面）.

activity
[Ak'tivEti; Ak'tivEti] n 1 [U] (a) being active or lively 活动性; 活力. (b) busy or energetic action 繁忙的或充满活力的活动: * The house has been full of activity all day. 房子里整天都很热闹. 2 [C esp pl 尤作复数] specific thing or things done; action; occupation 所做的事情; 活动; 工作; 消遣: * outdoor, recreational, sporting, classroom activities 户外、 娱乐、 体育、 课堂活动 * Her activities include tennis and painting. 她的活动包括打网球和绘画. * Sailing is an activity I much enjoy. 帆船运动是我非常喜爱的活动.

actor
[5AktE(r); 5Aktl] n person who acts on the stage, on TV or in films 演员.

actress
[5Aktris; 5Aktris] n woman actor 女演员.

actual
[5AktFuEl; 5AktFuEl] adj existing in fact; real 实在的; 真实的; 实际的; 确实的: * What were his actual words? 他到底是怎麽说的? * The actual cost was much higher than we had expected. 实际成本比我们预料的高得多. * He looks younger than his wife, but in actual fact he's a lot older. 他看上去比他妻子年轻, 可是实际上他大得多. =>Usage at new 用法见new. 派生： actually[5AktFuEli; 5AktFuEli] adv 1 really; in fact 实际地; 实在地: * What did he `actually say? 他实际上说了些什麽? * Actually, I'm busy at the moment can I phone you back? 说实在的, 我现在正忙着--我给你回电话行吗? * the political party actually in power 实际掌权的政党. 2 though it may seem strange; even 居然; 竟然: * He actually expected me to pay for his ticket. 他竟然指望我给他付票钱. * She not only entered the competition she actually won it!她不但参加了竞赛--而且居然获胜了!

actuality
[7AktFu'AlEti; 7AktFu'AlEti] n 1 [U] actual existence; reality 实际; 真实. 2 actualities [pl] existing conditions; facts 实际情况; 现状; 事实.

actuate
[5AktFueit; 5AktFu7et] v [Tn] (fml 文) 1 make (a machine, an electrical device, etc) move or work; make (a process) begin 使（机器、 电器等）开动, 发动; 使（一过程）开始. 2 cause (sb) to act; motivate 使（某人）行动; 促使: * He was actuated solely by greed. 他完全是受了贪欲的驱使.

acuity
[E'kju:Eti; E'kjuEti] n [U] (fml 文) (esp of thought or the senses) sharpness; acuteness （尤指思想或感官）敏锐, 尖锐.

acumen
[5Akjumen, also E'kju:mEn; E'kjumEn] n [U] ability to understand and judge things quickly and clearly; shrewdness 敏锐; 精明; 聪明: * business acumen 善理业务的才智 * have/show/display great political acumen 有[显示/展现]极大的政治才干.

acupuncture
[5AkjupQNktFE(r); 5Akju7pQNktFl] n [U] (medical 医) method of pricking the tissues of the human body with fine needles in order to cure disease, to relieve pain or as a local anaesthetic 针刺疗法; 针刺. 派生： acupuncturist n expert in acupuncture 针疗医师.

acute
[E'kju:t; E'kjut] adj (-r, -st) 1 very great; severe 极大的; 严重的: * suffer acute hardship 遭受极大的苦难 * There's an acute shortage of water. 严重缺水. 2 (a) (of feelings or the senses) keen; sharp; penetrating （指感觉或感官）敏锐的, 深刻的, 剧烈的: * suffer acute pain, embarrassment, remorse, etc 感到剧烈的疼痛、 极度的尴尬、 深深的懊悔等 * Dogs have an acute sense of smell. 狗的嗅觉很敏锐. (b) shrewd; perceptive 精明的; 有观察力的: * He is an acute observer. 他是个敏锐的观察家. * Her judgement is acute. 她的判断力很强. 3 (of an illness) coming quickly to the most severe or critical stage （指疾病）急性的: * acute appendicitis 急性阑尾炎 * an acute patient, ie one whose illness has reached this stage 患急性病的病人. Cf 参看 chronic. > acutely adv: * I am acutely aware of the difficulty we face. 我深切地了解我们所面临的困难. acuteness n [U]. 复合： acute `accent mark over a vowel () as over e in cafe 锐音符, 锐重音（标在元音上方的变音符号, 如cafe一字中e上方的 ）. acute `angle angle of less than 90 锐角（小於90的角）. =>illus at angle 见angle之插图.

AD
[ 9eI 5di:; 9e `di abbr 缩写 = in the year of Our Lord; of the Christian era (Latin anno domini) 公元（源自拉 丁文anno domini）: in (the year) 955 A5D] ,AD 5`5 公元55年. Cf 参看 BC 1.

ad hoc
[7Ad 'hCk; 5Ad'hak] adj, adv (Latin 拉) 1 (made or arranged) for a particular purpose only; special(ly) 仅为某一目的（而做或安排）（的）; 特别（的）: * appoint an ad hoc committee to deal with the affair 指定一特别委员会处理此事. 2 (in a way that is) not planned in advance; informal(ly) 非事先计划（的）; 非正式（的）: * Problems were solved on an ad hoc basis. 做了一些变通问题便解决了. * Points of policy are decided ad hoc. 政策的条款是临时决定的.

ad infinitum
[7Ad7infi'naitEm; 5Ad7infE'naitEm] (Latin拉) without limit; for ever 无限地; 永远地: * I don't want to go on working here ad infinitum. 我不愿意永远在这里干下去.

ad lib
[7Ad 'lib; Ad'lib] adj (infml 口) (esp of speaking and performing in public) without preparation; spontaneous （尤指当众讲话及表演）未经事先准备的, 即兴的, 即席的: * give an ad lib (ie improvised) performance 作即兴表演. 派生： ad lib adv (infml 口) 1 without preparation; spontaneously 即兴地; 即席地; 临时地: I had forgotten to bring my notes and had to speak ad lib. 我忘记带讲稿了, 只好临时讲几句. 2 as one pleases; without restraint; freely 随便地; 无拘束地; 自由地: We were told to help ourselves to the food ad lib. 这些食物让我们随便吃. ad lib v (-bb-) [I] (infml 口) speak or act without preparation, esp when performing in public; improvise 临时讲话或表演（尤指当众）; 即席表演: The actress often forgot her lines but was very good at ad libbing. 那个女演员常忘台词, 却极擅长临时拼凑.

ad nauseam
[7Ad 'nC:zim; 5Ad'nCzi7Am] (Latin 拉) to an excessive or sickening extent 达到过分或厌烦的程度: * play the same four records ad nauseam, ie again and again so that it becomes irritating 没完没了地播放那四张唱片（一遍又一遍而使人生厌）.

adage
[5AdidV; 5AdidV] n traditional saying; proverb 格言; 箴言; 谚语.

adagio
[E'da:dViEu; E'dadVio] adj, adv (music 音) in slow time; slowly and gracefully 缓慢（的）; 缓慢而优美（的）. 派生： adagio n (pl -gios) (part of a) piece of music (to be) played in this way 缓慢速度的乐曲（的乐章）.

Adam
[5AdEm; 5AdEm] n 1 (in the Bible) the first man 亚当（《圣经》中的第一个男人）. 2 (idm 习语) not know sb from Adam => know. 复合： ,Adam's `apple part at the front of the neck, especially prominent in men, that moves up and down when one speaks 喉结. =>illus at throat 见throat之插图.

adamant
[5AdEmEnt; 5AdE7mEnt] adj (esp of a person or his manner) firmly or stubbornly determined; unwilling to be persuaded （尤指人或态度）坚决的, 坚强的, 倔强的, 坚定不移的: * an adamant refusal 断然拒绝 * She was quite adamant that she would not come. 她坚决不来. * On this point I am adamant, ie my decision will not change. 在这一点上我是坚定不移的. > adamantly adv.

adapt
[E'dApt; E'dApt] v 1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tnt] ~ sth (for sth) make sth suitable for a new use, situation, etc; modify sth 使某事物适合於新的用途、 情况等; 修改某事物: * This machine has been specially adapted for use underwater. 这机器是为水下使用而特别改装的. * These styles can be adapted to suit individual tastes. 这些式样均可改动以适应个人不同的爱好. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (for sth) (from sth) alter or modify (a text) for television, the stage, etc （为电视、 舞台等）改编或改写（稿本）: * This novel has been adapted for radio (ie translated and changed so that it can be presented on the radio) from the Russian original. 这部小说已由俄文原着改编成无线电广播节目（经翻译及改写後可於无线电中播放）. 2 [I, Ipr, Tn.pr] ~ (oneself) (to sth) become adjusted to new conditions, etc 适应（新环境等）: * Our eyes slowly adapted to the dark. 我们的眼睛慢慢地适应了黑暗的环境. * She adapted (herself) quickly to the new climate. 她很快地适应了这种新的气候. 派生： adaptable adj (a) (approv 褒) able to adapt oneself/itself 能适应的; 适应性强的: He is not very adaptable, ie does not adapt easily to new circumstances, etc. 他的适应性不强. (b) able to be adapted 可改编的; 可改写的. adaptability/E7dAptE'bilEti; E7dAptE'bilEti] n [U]. adaptation[7AdAp'teiFn; 7AdAp'teFEn] n ~ (of sth) (for/to sth) 1 [U] (esp biology 尤用於生物学) action or process of adapting or being adapted 适应; 适应性; 适应性变化. 2 [C] thing made by adapting sth else, esp a text for production on the stage, radio, etc 改制物; （尤指为舞台演出、 无线电广播等而源自其它材料的）改编本: * an adaptation for children of a play by Shakespeare 为儿童改编的莎士比亚剧本. adaptor n 1 device that connects pieces of equipment that were not originally designed to be connected 适配器, 转接器（用以转接不可直接连接的器材）.

adapt1
2 type of plug that enables several electrical appliances to be connected to one socket 转接器（可使几个用电器连接於同一插座上的一种插头）. 3 (also adapter) person who adapts sth 改编者.

ADC
[7ei di: 'si:; 7e di 'si] abbr 缩写 = aide-de-camp.

add
[Ad; Ad] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sth) put sth together with sth else so as to increase the size, number, amount, etc 加; 添; 增加: * Whisk the egg and then add the flour. 打好鸡蛋以後再加面粉. * He added his signature (to the petition). 他（在请愿书上）签上了自己的名字. * If the tea is too strong, add some more water. 若茶太酽, 就再加些水. * Many words have been added to this edition of the dictionary. 本词典的这一版里新增加了很多词. * This was an added (ie an extra, a further) disappointment. 这又是一件失望的事. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ A to B; ~ A and B (together) put (numbers or amounts) together to get a total 加: * If you add 5 and 5 (together), you get 10. 5加5得10. * Add 9 to the total. 在总数上再加9. Cf 参看 subtract. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tf] ~ sth (to sth) continue to say sth; make (a further remark) 继续说; 又说; 补充说: * I have nothing to add to my earlier statement. 我对我先前说的话, 没有什麽补充的. * `And don't be late,’ she added. 她又加上一句洇‘可别迟到.’ * As a postscript to his letter he added that he loved her. 他在信中加上附言, 写上了他爱她. 4 (idm 习语) add ,fuel to the `flames do or say sth that makes people react more strongly or fiercely 火上加油（做的或说的使人反应更强烈或激烈）. add ,insult to `injury make a relationship with another person even worse by offending him as well as actually harming him 伤害之外又加侮辱（使关系更糟）. 5 (phr v) add sth in include sth; put or pour sth in 包括某事物; 把某物加进去. add sth on (to sth) include or attach sth 包括或附加某事物: * add on a 10% service charge 加上10%服务费. add to sth increase sth 增加某事物: * The bad weather only added to our difficulties. 这种坏天气更增加了我们的困难. * The house has been added to (ie New rooms, etc have been built on to it) from time to time. 这所房子不时进行扩建. add up (infml 口) seem reasonable or consistent; make sense 前後一致; 合理:

add1
* His story just doesn't add up he must be lying. 他说的前後不一致--一定撒谎了. add (sth) up calculate the total of (two or more numbers or amounts) （两个或两个以上的数或量）加起来: * The waiter can't add up. 这个服务员不会算帐. * Add up all the money I owe you. 把我应付你的钱都加在一起. add up to sth (a) amount to sth 总计共达: * These numbers add up to 100. 这些数目合计为100. (b) (infml 口) be equivalent to sth; indicate sth 相等於某事物; 意为某事物: * These clues don't really add up to very much, ie give us very little information. 这些线索没什麽实际意义.

addendum
[E'dendEm; E'dendEm] n (pl -da[-dE;-dE] ) 1 [C] thing that is to be added 附加物. 2 addenda [sing or pl v] material added at the end of a book 补遗; 补编; 附录.

adder
[5AdE(r); 5Adl] n small poisonous snake; viper ┹蛇（一种小毒蛇）.

addict
[5Adikt; A'dikt] n 1 person who is unable to stop taking drugs, alcohol, etc 离不开麻醉药、 酒类等的人; 有瘾的人: * a heroin addict 有海洛因毒瘾的人. 2 person who is strongly interested in sth 对某事物有强烈兴趣的人: * a chess, TV, football addict 棋迷、 电视迷、 足球迷. 派生： addicted/E'diktid; E'diktid] adj [pred 作表语] ~ (to sth) 1 unable to stop taking or using sth as a habit 成习惯而离不开某事物; 对某事物有瘾: * become addicted to drugs, alcohol, tobacco, etc 对麻醉药、 酒、 烟等上瘾了. 2 strongly interested in sth as a hobby or pastime 对某事物有强烈兴趣而成为嗜好或消遣的: * be addicted to TV soap operas 沉迷於电视连续剧. addiction/E'dikFn; E'dikFEn] n [U, C] ~ (to sth) condition of taking drugs, etc habitually and being unable to stop doing so without suffering adverse effects 瘾; 沉溺: * heroin addiction 海洛因毒瘾 * overcome one's addiction to alcohol 克制酒瘾. addictive/E'diktiv; E'diktiv] adj causing addiction 使人上瘾的: * addictive drugs 使人上瘾的麻醉药物 * Coffee is addictive in a mild way. 咖啡能稍微使人上瘾.

addition
[E'diFn; E'diFEn] n 1 [U] adding, esp calculating the total of two or more numbers 加（尤指计算两个或两个以上数目的总和）. 2 [C] ~ (to sth) person or thing added or joined 增加的人或事物: * Such an outfit would be a useful addition to my wardrobe. 在我的服装中添置这一套会有用的. * They've just had an addition to the family, ie another child. 他们家里刚刚又添了一口人（另一个孩子）. * Ann will be a very useful addition to our team. 安来到我们队给我们增加了一员干将. 3 (idm 习语) in addition (to sb/sth) as an extra person, thing or circumstance 加之; 除...之外: * In addition (to the names on the list) there are six other applicants. 除此（名单上的名字）之外, 还有六个申请人. 派生： additional[-FEnl; -FEnl] adj added; extra; supplementary 附加的; 另外的; 外加的: * additional charges, candidates, supplies 外加的费用、 候选人、 供应. additionally[-FEnEli; -FEnli] adv.

additive
[5Aditiv; 5AdEtiv] n substance added in small amounts for a special purpose 为某目的而加进的少量 物质; 添加剂: * chemical additives in food 食品中的化学添加剂 * food additives, ie to add colour or flavour to the food or to preserve it 食品添加剂（用以增加食物的颜色或味道或使之防腐）. 派生： additive adj involving addition 添加的; 附加的.

addle
[5Adl; 5Adl] v 1 [Tn] confuse (sth/sb); muddle 将（某事物）弄乱; 将（某人）弄糊涂; 使混乱: * My brain feels addled. 我感到昏头昏脑的. 2 (a) [I] (of an egg) become rotten and not produce a chick （指蛋）变坏而不能孵化. (b) [Tn] cause (an egg) to become rotten 使（蛋）变坏: * addled eggs 变坏了的蛋.

address
1[E'dres; - 'Adres; 5Adres] n 1 details of where a person lives, works or can be found, and where letters, etc may be delivered 住址; 地址; 通讯处: * Tell me if you change your address. 如果你的地址改变了, 请告诉我. * My home/business address is 3 West St, Oxford. 我家[办公处]的地址是牛津西街3号. 2 speech made to an audience 演说; 演讲. 3 (computing 计) part of a computer instruction that specifies where a piece of information is stored （计算机指令中标明某信息储存於何处的）位址. 4 (idm 习语) a form of address => form1.

adduce
[E'dju:s; - E'du:s; E'dus] v [Tn] (fml 文) put (sth) forward as an example or as proof 提出、 举出（某事物）为例或为证; 引证: * I could adduce several reasons for his strange behaviour. 对他的奇怪行为, 我能提出几点原因.

adenoids
[5AdinCidz; - -dEn-; 5Adn7Cidz] n [pl] (anatomy 解) pieces of spongy tissue between the back of the nose and the throat, often making breathing and speaking difficult 腺样增殖体（鼻後与喉之间的海绵状组织, 常可造成呼吸及说话困难）: * have one's adenoids out, ie by a surgical operation 摘除某人的腺样增殖体（施外科手术） * (infml 口) She's got adenoids, ie is suffering from an inflammation of the adenoids. 她患腺样增殖症. 派生： adenoidal[7Adi'nCidl; 7Adn'Cidl] adj 1 of the adenoids 腺样增殖的. 2 affected by diseased adenoids 患腺样增殖症的: * an adenoidal child, voice 患腺样增殖症的儿童、 嗓音.

adept
[5Adept, E'dept; 5Adept, E'dept] adj ~ (in sth); ~ (at/in doing sth) expert or skilful in (doing) sth 对（做）某事物内行的, 熟练的: * She's adept at growing roses. 她善於种玫瑰花. 派生： adept n ~ (at/in sth) person who is skilful (in sth) （某事物的）行家; 内行; 熟手: He's an adept in carpentry. 他是木工行家.

adequate
[5AdikwEt; 5AdEkwEt] adj ~ (to/for sth) satisfactory in quantity or quality; sufficient （数量或质量）令人满意的; 足够的; 充分的; 适当的: * take adequate precautions 采取适当的预防措施 * Our accommodation is barely adequate. 我们的住房不太够用. * Their earnings are adequate (to their needs). 他们挣的钱足够（需要）. * Your work is adequate but I'm sure you could do better. 你的工作做得不错, 但是我肯定你还能做得更好. * She has adequate grounds for a divorce. 她离婚有充分的理由. > adequacy[5AdikwEsi; 5AdEkwEsi] n [U]. adequately adv: * Are you adequately insured? 你买的保险够不够?

adhere
[Ed'hiE(r); Ed'hir] v (fml 文) 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (to sth) remain attached (to sth); stick (as if) by means of glue or suction 固着（於某物）; 胶着; 粘着; 附着: * Paste is used to make one surface adhere to another. 浆糊是用以使一个接触面粘住另一个接触面的. 2 [Ipr] ~ to sth (a) give support to sth; remain faithful to sth 坚持某事物; 忠於某事物: * adhere to one's opinions, a promise, a political party 坚持自己的意见、 坚守诺言、 忠於一政党. (b) act in accordance with sth; follow sth 依照某事物; 遵循某事物: * adhere to one's principles, a treaty, a schedule, the rules 坚持自己的原则、 遵守一条约、 遵照一时间表、 依照规则.

adherent
[Ed'hiErEnt; Ed'hirEnt] n supporter of a party or doctrine （一政党或主义的）支持者, 拥护者: * The movement is gaining more and more adherents. 支持这个运动的人越来越多了. 派生： adherent adj ~ (to sth) sticking; adhering 粘着的; 附着的: an adherent surface 粘着面. adherence[-rEns; -rEns/ n [U] ~ (to sth): their strict adherence to their religion 他们对其宗教虔诚的信奉.

adhesion
[Ed'hi:Vn; Ed'hiVEn] n 1 [U] ~ (to sth) being or becoming attached (to sth) （与某物）粘合; 粘附, 附着（於某物）. 2 [U] ~ (to sth) (fml 文) support (for a plan, an ideology, a political party, etc) 支持, 拥护（一计划、 思想、 政党等）. 3 (medical 医) (a) [U] unnatural growing together of body tissues that are normally separate, as a result of inflammation or injury 粘连（因炎症病变或损伤而使体内组织粘在一起）. (b) [C] tissue formed in this way 粘连的组织: * painful adhesions caused by a wound that is slow to heal 愈合缓慢的伤口引起的粘连疼痛.

adhesive
[Ed'hi:siv; Ed'hisiv] adj that can adhere; causing things to adhere; sticky 可粘着的; 黏性的: * adhesive side of a stamp 邮票[印花]有胶黏的一面 * adhesive tape/plaster 黏胶带[橡皮膏]. 派生： adhesive n [C, U] substance that makes things stick 胶黏剂: quick-drying adhesives 快乾胶（合剂）. Cf 参看 cement 2, glue.

adieu
[E'dju:; - E'du:; E'du] interj, n (pl adieus or adieux/E'dju:z; - E'du:z; E'duz] ) (arch or fml 古或文) 1 goodbye 再见: * Bidding them adieu we departed. 我们向他们告别後就离开了. 2 (idm 习语) make one's a`dieus say goodbye 告别; 辞行.

adipose
[5AdipEus; 5AdE7pos] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of animal fat; fatty 脂肪的; 多脂肪的: * a layer of adipose tissue under the skin 皮下的一层脂肪组织. > adiposity[7Adi'pCsEti; 7AdE'pasEti] n [U].

Adj
abbr 缩写 = Adjutant.

adjacent
[E'dVeisnt; E'dVesnt] adj ~ (to sth) situated near or next to sth; close or touching 与某物邻近的; 毗连的; 接近的; 相接触的: * We work in adjacent rooms. 我们在邻接的房间里工作. * My room is adjacent to his. 我的房间与他的相连接. > adjacency[-snsi; -snsi] n [U]. adjacently adv. 复合： adjacent `angles (geometry 几) angles that share a common line 邻角（有一条公共边的角）. =>illus at angle 见angle之插图.

adjective
[5AdViktiv; 5AdViktiv] n (grammar) word that indicates a quality of the person or thing referred to by a noun, eg old, rotten, foreign in an old house, rotten apples, foreign names 形容词（表示作为名词的人或事物的性质的词, 如在an old house、 rotten apples、 foreign names中的old、 rotten、 foreign）. 派生： adjectival[7AdVek'taivl; 7AdVik'taivl] adj of or like an adjective 形容词的; 像形容词的: * an adjectival phrase/clause 形容词短语[从句]. adjectivally[7dVek'taivEli; 7AdVik'taivli] adv.

adjoin
[E'dVCin; E'dVCin] v [I, Tn] be next or nearest to and joined with (sth) 临近; 邻近; 接近; 毗连: * We heard laughter in the adjoining room. 我们听到了邻屋的笑声. * The playing-field adjoins the school. 运动场紧靠着学校.

adjourn
[E'dVE:n; E'dVEn] v 1 (a) [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] stop (a meeting, etc) for a time; postpone 停止（会议等）一段时间; 休（会）; 使延期: * The trial was adjourned for a week/until the following week. 审讯暂停一星期[下星期继续进行]. (b) [I] (of people at a meeting, in court, etc) stop proceedings and separate （指会议、 法庭等的人）休会、 休庭: * The court will adjourn for lunch. 法庭午餐时间休庭. * Let's adjourn until tomorrow. 咱们休会, 明天继续进行. 2 [Ipr] ~to... (of people who have come together) go to another place （指聚集的人）到另一处去: * After dinner we all adjourned to the lounge. 饭後我们都到休息室去了. > adjournment n [C, U]: * The judge granted us a short adjournment. 法官准予我们短期休庭.

adjudge
[E'dVQdV; E'dVQdV] v (fml 文) 1 (also adjudicate) [Tf, Cn.a, Cn.t] declare officially or decide by law 审判; 裁决; 依法判处: * The court adjudged that she was guilty. 法院宣判她有罪. * The court adjudged her (to be) guilty. 法院判定她有罪. 2 [Tn.pr] ~ sth to sb award sth to sb 将某事物判给、 断与某人: * The court adjudged legal damages to her. 法院将法定损害赔偿金判给了她.

adjudicate
[E'dVu:dikeit; E'dVudi7ket] v 1 (a) [I, Ipr] act as judge in a court, tribunal, contest, etc 判决; 裁决; 裁判: * Would you please adjudicate on who should get the prize? 请你评判谁应该得奖好吗? (b) [Tn] judge and give a decision on (sth) 裁断, 裁定（某事物）: * adjudicate sb's claim for damages 裁定某人提出的对损害赔偿金的要求. 2 [Tf, Cn.a, Cn.t] = adjudge 1. 派生： adjudication/E7dVu:di'keiFn; E7dVudi'keFEn] n [U]. adjudicator n judge, esp in a competition 裁判, 评判员（尤指竞赛中者）.

adjunct
[5AdVQNkt; 5AdVQNkt] n 1 ~ (to/of sth) thing that is added or attached to sth else but is less important and not essential 附加物; 附属品; 附件. 2 (grammar) adverb or adverbial phrase added to a clause or sentence to modify the meaning of the verb 附加语, 修饰语（从句或句子中修饰或限定动词的副词或副词短语）.

adjure
[E'dVuE(r); E'dVur] v [Dn.t] (fml 文) command or request (sb) earnestly or solemnly 恳切地或郑重地命令或要求（某人）: * I adjure you to tell the truth before this court. 我要求你对本庭说实话. > adjuration[7dVuE'reiFn; 7AdVu'reFEn] n [U, C].

adjust
[E'dVQst; E'dVQst] v 1 [Tn] (a) put (sth) into the correct order or position; arrange 整理; 整顿; 安排: * She carefully adjusted her clothes and her hair before going out. 她出门之前仔细地整了整衣服和头发. (b) alter (sth) by a small amount so that it will fit or be right for use; regulate 校准; 调准; 校正: * adjust the rear mirror, the focus of a camera, the sights of a gun 调准後视镜、 照相机的焦距、 枪炮的瞄准器 * The brakes need adjusting. 制动器需要调节了. * Please do not adjust your set, eg as a warning on a TV screen that the controls do not need to be changed. 请勿自行调节（如电视机屏幕上的警告语句, 意为各项操作装置无需更动）. 2 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth/oneself) (to sth) become or make suited (to new conditions); adapt 使适合（新环境等）; 适应: * former soldiers who have difficulty in adjusting to civilian life 很难适应平民生活的退伍军人 * The body quickly adjusts (itself) to changes in temperature. 身体迅速（自行）调节以适应气温的变化. 3 [Tn] decide (the amount to be paid out for loss or damages) when settling an insurance claim （结算保险赔偿金时）评定（对损失应付的款额或损害赔偿）. 派生： adjustable adj that can be adjusted 可调节的; 可调整的: adjustable seat-belts 可调节的座位安全带. adjustment n [C, U] (act of) adjusting 调节; 调整; （保险赔偿款额的）评定: I've made a few minor adjustments to the seating plan. 我对座次表作了小小的调整. * Some adjustment of the lens may be necessary. 可能有必要调节一下镜头.

adjutant
[5AdVutEnt; 5AdVEtEnt] n army officer responsible for administrative work in a battalion 副官. 复合： ,Adjutant `General high-ranking administrative officer in the army 副官处长. `adjutant bird type of large Indian stork 秃鹳（一种印度大鹳）.

Adm
abbr 缩写 = Admiral: Adm (Richard) Hill 海军上将（理查）希尔.

adman
[5Admn; 5Ad7mAn] n (pl admen[5dmen;'Admen] ) (infml 口) person who produces commercial advertisements 制作商业广告的人.

admass
[5AdmAs; 5AdmAs] n [sing] (dated 旧 Brit) section of the public that is thought to be easily influenced by advertising and the media 易受广告及传播媒介影响的大众.

administer
[Ed'ministE(r); Ed'minEstl] v 1 (a) [Tn, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) (fml 文) hand out or give sth formally; provide 正式发给或给予某事物; 供给: * administer punishment, justice, comfort 予以惩罚、 主持正义、 给予安慰 * administer relief to famine victims 向饥民发放救济品 * administer the last rites to a dying man 为临死的人主持临终仪式 * administer an oath to sb, ie hear him swear it officially 使某人宣誓. (b) [Tn] put (sth) into operation; apply 执行; 施行; 实施: * administer the law 执法. 2 [Tn] control the affairs of (a business, etc); manage 管理（业务等）; 治理: * administer a charity, a trust fund, an estate 经管慈善事业、 信托基金、 地产 * administer (ie govern) a country 治理国家.

administration
[Ed7mini'streiFn; Ed7minE'streFEn] n 1 [U] ~ (of sth) administering; giving 实施; 执行; 给予; 供给: * be responsible for the administration of justice, the law, charitable aid, an oath, a remedy 负责赏罚、 执法、 慈善救济、 主持宣誓、 用药. 2 [U] management of public or business affairs 公共事务的管理; 经营; 行政: * He works in hospital administration. 他从事医院管理工作. * Head teachers are more involved in administration than in teaching. 校长的行政工作比教学工作多. 3 (often 常作 the Administration) [C] (part of the Government that manages public affairs during the) period of office of a US President 美国总统任期; 美国总统任期内的政府: * during the Kennedy Administration 在肯尼迪总统任期内 * Successive administrations have failed to solve the country's economic problems. 历届政府均未能解决国家的经济问题.

administrative
[Ed'ministrEtiv; - -streitiv; Ed'minE7stretiv] adj of or involving the management of public or business affairs 管理公共事务的; 经营的; 行政的: * an administrative post, problem 行政职位、 问题 * Her duties are purely administrative. 她的职责纯粹是行政方面的. > administratively adv: * administratively complicated 行政上复杂的.

administrator
[Ed'ministreitE(r); Ed'minE7stretl] n 1 (a) person responsible for managing (esp business) affairs 管理人; 行政人员. (b) person able to manage well 有管理能力的人; 有行政才能的人: She's an excellent administrator. 她是个优秀的管理人员. 2 (law 律) person appointed to manage the property of others 被指定管理他人财产的人.

admirable
[5AdmErEbl; 5AdmErEbl] adj deserving or causing admiration; excellent 令人钦佩的; 极好的: * an admirable performance 优美的表演 * His handling of the situation was admirable. 他对这情况的处理令人钦佩. > admirably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv.

admiral
[5AdmErEl; 5AdmErEl] n (a) naval officer of high rank; officer commanding a fleet or squadron 海军将官; 舰队司令: * rear-admiral 海军少将 * vice-admiral 海军中将 * The admiral visits the ships under his command by helicopter. 舰队司令乘直升机视察他所指挥的军舰. (b) Admiral naval officer of the second highest rank 海军上将. =>App 9 见附录9. 派生： admiralty[-Elti; -Elti] n [Gp] the Admiralty (Brit) (formerly) Government department controlling the Navy （旧时）海军部. 复合： ,Admiral of the `Fleet (US ,Fleet `Admiral) commander-in-chief of the Navy 海军元帅.

admiration
[7AdmE'reiFn; 7AdmE'reFEn] n 1 [U] feeling of respect, warm approval or pleasure 钦佩; 赞赏; 羡慕: * Her handling of the crisis fills me with admiration. 她对这一危机的处理使我赞叹不已. * I have great admiration for his courage. 我十分佩服他的勇气. * They looked in silent admiration at the painting. 他们默默地欣赏着那幅画. 2 [sing] person or thing that is admired 受到赞赏的人或事物: * He was the admiration of his whole family. 他受到全家人的敬重. 3 (idm 习语) a mutual admiration society => mutual.

admire
[Ed'maiE(r); Ed'mair] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tsg] ~ sb/sth (for sth) regard sb/sth with respect, pleasure, satisfaction, etc 钦佩、 赞赏、 羡慕某人[某事物]: * They admired our garden. 他们称赞我们的花园. * I admire him for his success in business. 我佩服他事业有成. 2 [Tn] express admiration of (sb/sth) 表示赞美, 夸奖（某人[某事物]）: * Aren't you going to admire my new hat? 你难道不想夸夸我的新帽子吗? > admirer n (a) person who admires sb/sth 赞赏者; 羡慕者: * I am not a great admirer of her work. 我对她的工作不太欣赏. (b) man who admires and is attracted to a woman 爱慕某女子的男子: * She has many admirers. 她有许多追求者. admiring adj showing or feeling admiration 赞赏的; 赞美的; 羡慕的: give sb/receive admiring glances 投以[赢得]赞赏的目光 * be welcomed by admiring fans 受到崇拜者的欢迎. admiringly adv.

admissible
[Ed'misEbl; Ed'misEbl] adj 1 (law 律) that can be allowed 可容许的; 可采纳的: * admissible evidence 可采纳的证据. 2 (fml 文) worthy of being accepted or considered 值得接受的; 值得考虑的: * Such behaviour is not admissible among our staff. 这种行为在我们职员中是不允许的. > admissibility/Ed7misE'bilEti; Ed7misE'bilEti] n [U]. admissibly[-bli; -bli] adv.

admission
[Ed'miFn; Ed'miFEn] n 1 [U] ~ (to/into sth) entering or being allowed to enter a building, society, school, etc 进入或获准进入某建 物、 社团、 学校等: * Admission (to the club) is restricted to members only. 只准会员进入（俱乐部）. * Admission to British universities depends on examination results. 英国大学入学以考试成绩为凭. * A week after his admission into the army, he fell ill. 他入伍後一星期就病了. * Do they charge for admission? 入场要收费吗? * How does one gain admission to the Buckingham Palace? 怎样才能获准进入白金汉宫? 2 [U] money charged for being admitted to a public place 公众场所入场费; 门票钱: * You have to pay 2 admission. 你须付2英镑入场费. 3 [U] ~ (of sth); ~ (that...) statement acknowledging the truth of sth; confession 承认; 招认; 供认; 坦白: * an admission that one has lied 对自己说了谎的供认 * Her resignation amounts to an admission of failure. 她的辞职等於承认失败. 4 (idm 习语) by/on one's own ad`mission as one has oneself admitted 如其自己所承认的: * He is a coward by his own admission. 他自己承认是个胆小鬼.

admit
[Ed'mit; Ed'mit] v (-tt-) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (into/to sth) (a) allow sb/sth to enter 许可某人[某物]进入: * That man is not to be admitted. 不准那个人进来. * Each ticket admits two people to the party. 每张票可供两人入场参加聚会. * The small window admitted very little light. 那扇小窗户只能透进一点光线. (b) accept sb into a hospital as a patient, or into a school, etc as a pupil 接受某人（入院或入学等）: * The school admits sixty new boys and girls every year. 这所学校每年招收六十名男女新生. * He was admitted to hospital with minor burns. 他因轻度烧伤而入院. 2 [Tn] (of an enclosed space) have room for (sb/sth) （指一范围内）可容纳（某人[某事物]）: * The theatre admits only 250 people. 这家戏院只能容纳250人. 3 [Ipr, Tn, Tf, Tnt, Tg] ~ to sth/doing sth recognize or acknowledge sth as true, often reluctantly; confess sth 承认, 供认, 招认（常为不情愿地）; 坦白某事物: * George would never admit to being wrong. 乔治从不认错. * The prisoner has admitted his guilt. 犯人认罪了. * I admit my mistake/that I was wrong. 我承认是我的错[我错了]. * I admit (that) you have a point. 我承认你有理. * He admitted having stolen the car. 他招认偷了那辆汽车. * It is now generally admitted to have been (ie Most people agree and accept that it was) a mistake. 如今人们公认这是个错误. 4 [Ipr] ~ of sth (fml 文) allow the possibility of sth; leave room for sth 容许某事物; 对某事物留有馀地: * His conduct admits of no excuse. 他的行为无可宽恕. * The plan does not admit of improvement, ie cannot be improved. 这项计划已无改进馀地了（已尽善尽美）. 5 (idm 习语) be admitted to sb's presence (fml 文) be allowed to enter the room, etc where sb (esp sb important) is 获准会见某人（尤指要人）. 派生： admitted adj [attrib 作定语] as one has admitted oneself to be 自己承认的: an admitted liar 直认不讳的说谎者. admittedly adv

admit1
(esp in initial position 尤用於句首) as is or must be admitted 无可否认地; 诚然: Admittedly, he didn't know that at the time. 无可否认, 他当时并不知道. * Admittedly, I've never actually been there. 说实在的, 我从未去过那里.

admittance
[Ed'mitns; Ed'mitns] n [U] allowing sb or being allowed to enter (esp a private place); right of entry 准许某人或某人获准进入（尤指私人场所）; 进入的权利: * No admittance keep out! 严禁入内! * I was refused admittance to the house. 我被拒之门外.

admixture
[Ad'mikstFE(r); Ad'mikstFl] n (fml 文) (a) [C] thing added, esp as a minor ingredient 混合物, 搀合物（尤指次要成分）. (b) [U] process of adding this 混合; 搀合.

admonish
[Ed'mCniF; Ed'maniF] v (fml 文) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for/against sth) give a mild but firm warning or scolding to sb 温和而严正地警告或责备某人: * The teacher admonished the boys for being lazy. 老师责备男学生懒惰. 2 [Dn.t] advise or urge (sb) seriously 劝告或告诫（某人）: * She admonished us to seek professional help. 她劝我们向专业人士求助. 派生： admonishment, admonition[7dmE'niFn;7AdmE'niFEn] ns [U, C] (fml 文) warning 警告. admonitory/Ed'mCnitri; - -tC:ri; Ed'manE7tCri] adj (fml 文) admonishing 劝告的; 轻责的: * an admonitory letter, tone of voice 劝告的信、 语气.

ado
[E'du:; E'du] n [U] trouble; fuss; unnecessary activity (used esp as in the expressions shown) 麻烦, 忙乱, 无谓的纷扰（尤用於以下示例）: * Without more/much/further ado, we set off. 我们出发的时候没有更多的[什麽/进一步的]麻烦. * It was all much ado about nothing. 完全是庸人自扰.

adobe
[E'dEubi; E'dobi] n [U] 1 brick made of clay and straw and dried in the sun 砖坯（用黏土与草所制, 晒乾而成）: * [attrib 作定语] adobe houses 土坯砌成的房子. 2 clay from which this type of brick is made 制砖坯的黏土.

adolescence
[7AdE'lesns; 7Adl'esns] n [U] time in a person's life between childhood and mature adulthood 青春, 青春期（童年与成年之间的时期）: * during (one's) adolescence 在（某人的）青春期间. 派生： adolescent[7AdE'lesnt; 7Adl'esnt] adj of or typical of adolescence 青春期的; 青春期特有的: * adolescent boys, crises, attitudes 青春期的男子、 易出现的问题、 心态. n young person between childhood and adulthood (ie roughly between the ages of 13 and 17) 青少年（介於儿童与成人之间的年轻人, 大约13至17岁之间者）.

adopt
[E'dCpt; E'dapt] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (as sth) take sb into one's family, esp as one's child or heir 收养某人（尤指作为儿女或继承人）; 过继: * Having no children of their own they decided to adopt an orphan. 他们因没有亲生儿女, 所以决定领养一个孤儿. * Paul's mother had him adopted because she couldn't look after him herself. 保罗的母亲因为自己无力抚养他, 便将他送给别人收养了. * He is their adopted son. 他是他们的养子. Cf 参看 foster 2. 2 [Tn.pr] ~ sb as sth choose sb as a candidate or representative 挑选某人作候选人或代表: * She has been adopted as Labour candidate for York. 她被提名为约克郡的工党候选人. 3 [Tn] take over and have or use (sth) as one's own 采纳; 采取; 采用: * adopt a name, a custom, an idea, a style of dress 取名、 随俗、 采纳一意见、 采用一服装式样 * adopt a hard line towards terrorists 对恐怖分子采取强硬态度 * her adopted country, ie not her native country but the one in which she has chosen to live 她所选择居留的国家（非其祖国而由其自择居留的国家）. 4 [Tn] accept (eg a report or recommendation); approve 接受, 通过（如报告或建议）; 批准: * Congress has adopted the new measures. 国会通过了新的议案. 派生： adoption/E'dCpFn; E'dapFEn] n [C, U] (act of) adopting or being adopted 收养; 过继; 挑选; 采纳; 采取; 采用; 接受: * offer a child for adoption 将孩子送给他人收养 * her adoption as Labour candidate for York 她作为约克郡工党候选人的提名 * the country of her adoption 她所选择居留的国家 * This textbook has had adoptions (ie been officially chosen for special study) in many countries. 这本教科书已被很多国家采用. adoptive adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] related by adoption 有收养关系的; 过继的; 采纳的; 接受的: his adoptive parents 他的养父养母.

adorable
[E'dC:rEbl; E'dCrEbl] adj very attractive; delightful; lovable 迷人的; 讨人喜欢的; 可爱的: * What an adorable child! 多可爱的孩子! * Your dress is absolutely adorable. 你的衣服太漂亮了. * My darling, you are adorable. 亲爱的, 你真迷人. > adorably[-EblI; -EblI/ adv.

adore
[E'dC:(r); E'dCr] v 1 [Tn] (a) love deeply and respect (sb) highly 热爱; 爱慕; 敬爱; 崇敬; 敬仰: * He adores his wife and children. 他深爱妻儿. (b) worship (God) 崇拜（上帝）. 2 [Tn, Tg] (infml 口) (not used in the continuous tenses 不用於进行时态) like (sth) very much 非常喜爱（某事物）: * adore ice-cream, Paris, skiing 非常喜欢冰激凌、 巴黎、 滑雪 * I simply adore that dress! 我简直太喜欢那件连衣裙了. 派生： adoration[7AdE'reiFn; 7AdE'reFEn] n [U] great love or worship 热爱; 爱慕; 敬爱; 崇敬; 崇拜: * be filled with adoration 充满敬意 * They knelt in adoration of their gods. 他们跪拜诸神. adoring adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] showing great love 表示爱慕的: his adoring grandmother 他慈爱的祖母 * give sb an adoring look 向某人投以爱慕的目光. adoringly adv.

adorn
[E'dC:n; E'dCrn] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth/sb/oneself (with sth) add beauty or ornament to sth/sb/oneself 装饰某物[某人/自己]; 装点; 佩带; 装扮: * admire the paintings that adorn the walls 欣赏那些装点四壁的绘画 * The dancer was adorned with flowers. 跳舞的人戴着很多花. 派生： adornment n 1 [U] act of adorning 装饰; 装点; 佩带; 装扮: a simple dress without adornment 素而无装饰的连衣裙. 2 [C] thing that adorns; ornament 装饰物; 装饰品: Many adornments were carved on the temple walls. 寺院的墙壁上刻着很多装饰物.

adrenal
[E'dri:nl; E'drinl] adj (anatomy 解) close to the kidneys 肾旁的; 肾上的. 复合： a`drenal gland (anatomy 解) either of the two ductless glands above the kidney that produce adrenalin 肾上腺.

adrenalin
[E'drenElin; Ed'renlin] n [U] (medical 医) (a) hormone produced by the adrenal glands that increases the heart rate and stimulates the nervous system, causing a feeling of excitement 肾上腺素. (b) this substance prepared synthetically for medical use （药用）合成肾上腺素.

adrift
[E'drift; E'drift] adj [pred 作表语] 1 (a) (esp of a boat) driven by wind and water and out of control; drifting （尤指船）随风及水流漂浮而失去控制; 漂浮: * cut a boat adrift from its moorings 割断系索使小船漂离系泊处 * The survivors were adrift on a raft for six days. 幸存者在筏子上漂浮了六天. (b) (fig 比喻) having no purpose; aimless 没有目的; 无目标: * young people adrift in our big cities 在我们大城市里四处游荡的年轻人 * turn sb adrift, ie send sb away without help or support 逐出某人（使其漂泊流浪）. 2 (infml 口) (a) unfastened; loose 脱开; 松开: * Part of the car's bumper had come adrift. 汽车的保险 有一处松动了. (b) out of order; wrong 有故障; 出错; 有毛病: * Our plans went badly adrift. 我们的计划严重受挫.

adroit
[E'drCit; E'drCit] adj ~ (at/in sth) skilful; clever 熟练的; 机敏的; 灵巧的: * the minister's adroit handling of the crisis 部长应付难关的巧妙手段 * He soon became adroit at steering the boat. 他很快就熟练掌握了驾船技术. Cf 参看 maladroit. > adroitly adv adroitness n [U].

adsorb
[Ad'sC:b; Ad'sCrb] v [Tn] (usu of a solid) attract and hold (a gas or liquid) to its surface （常指固体）吸附（气体或液体）至其表面: * Iron adsorbs oxygen. 铁能吸附氧. > adsorbent[-Ent; -Ent] adj. adsorption/Ed'sC:pFn; Ad'sCrpFEn] n [U].

ADT
[7ei di: 'ti:; 7e di 'ti] abbr 缩写 = (in Canada, Puerto Rico and Bermuda) Atlantic Daylight Time （用於加拿大、 波多黎各、 百慕大的）大西洋夏令时间.

adulation
[7Adju'leiFn; - 7AdVu'l-; 7AdVE'leFEn] n [U] excessive admiration or praise; flattery 谄媚; 奉承; 吹捧; 恭维: * the fans' adulation of their favourite pop stars 歌迷们对他们所喜爱的流行曲歌手的吹捧. > adulatory adj.

adult
[5AdQlt, also E'dQlt; 5AdQlt, E'dQlt] adj 1 (a) grown to full size or strength 发育成熟的: * adult monkeys 发育成熟的猴子. (b) intellectually and emotionally mature 智力及情感上已成熟的: * His behaviour is not particularly adult. 他的举止行为还不太成熟. 2 (law 律) old enough to vote, marry, etc 已成人的（已达投票、 结婚等年龄的）. 派生： adult n adult person or animal 成年的人或动物: These films are suitable for adults only. 这些电影只适宜成人观看. * The bear was a fully grown adult. 那只熊已完全发育成熟. * [attrib 作定语] adult education, ie for those over the usual school age 成人教育（为超过学龄的人而设）. adulthood n [U] state of being adult 成年: reach adulthood 已到成年.

adulterate
[E'dQltEreit; E'dQltE7ret] v [Tn] make (sth) poorer in quality by adding another substance 使（某物）质量因搀入它物而变劣; 搀假; 搀杂: * adulterated milk, eg with water added 搀假的奶（如加水的）. > adulteration/E7dQltE'reiFn; E7dQltE'reFEn] n [U].

adultery
[E'dQltEri; E'dQltEri] n [U] voluntary sexual intercourse between a married person and sb who is not that person's husband or wife 通奸: * commit adultery 犯通奸. 派生： adulterer/E'dQltErE(r); E'dQltErl] (fem 阴性作 adulteress/E'dQltEris; E'dQltEris] ) n person who commits adultery 通奸者. adulterous/E'dQltErEs; E'dQltErEs] adj of or involving adultery 通奸的: * have an adulterous affair with sb 与某人有奸情.

adumbrate
[5AdQmbreit; Ad'Qmbret] v [Tn] (fml 文) 1 indicate (sth) faintly or in outline 略微地或概括地暗示（某事物）. 2 suggest (esp a coming event) in advance; foreshadow 预示, 预告（尤指即将发生的事）;预兆. > adumbration[7dQm'breiFn; 7AdQm'breFEn] n [U, C].

advance
1[Ed'va:ns; - -'vns; Ed'vAns] n 1 [C usu sing 通常作单数] forward movement 前进; 推进; 前移: * The enemy's advance was halted. 敌军的推进遭到了遏止. 2 (a) [U] progress 进步; 发展: * the continued advance of civilization 文明的不断进步. (b) [C] ~ (in sth) improvement 改进; 进展; 改善: * recent advances in medical science 医学上的新进展. 3 [C] ~ (on sth) increase in price or amount 价格或数量的增加: * `Any advance on (ie Who will offer more than) 20?’ called the auctioneer. 拍卖人喊道洇‘20英镑, 还有增加的吗?’ * Share prices showed significant advances today. 今日股票价格大幅上涨. 4 [C] money paid before it is due, or for work only partially completed; loan 预付; 预支; 借贷: * The bank gave/made her an advance of 500. 银行贷给她500英镑. * She asked for an advance on her salary. 她请求预支薪水. 5 advances [pl] ~ (to sb) attempts to establish a friendly or an amorous relationship or a business agreement 亲近; 套交情; 求爱; 拉关系: * He made advances to her. 他向她示爱. * She rejected his advances. 她拒绝了他的追求. 6 (idm 习语) in advance (of sth) beforehand; ahead in time 预先; 事先; 事前: * The rent must be paid in advance. 租金须预付. * Send your luggage on in advance. 请把行李预先送出. * It's impossible to know in advance what will happen. 预知未来发生的事是不可能的. * Galileo's ideas were well in advance of the age in which he lived. 伽利略的思想远远超越了他所生活的时代. 派生： advance adj [attrib 作定语] 1 going before others 先行的; 先头的: the advance party, ie a group (of explorers, soldiers, etc) sent on ahead 先遣队; 先头部队. 2 done or provided in advance 预先做好的; 预先供给的: give sb advance warning/notice of sth 对某事物给某人预先警告[通知] * make an advance booking, ie reserve a hotel room, a seat in a theatre, etc before the time when it is needed 预定（旅馆房间、 戏票等）

advance1
* an advance copy of a new book, ie one supplied before publication 新书样本（出版前提供者）.

advancement
[Ed'va:nsmEnt; - -'vnsmEnt; Ed'vAnsmEnt] n [U] 1 act of advancing; furthering 前进; 进步; 促进; 推进; 提出; 预付; 提前; （价格）上涨: * the advancement of learning 学问的进展. 2 promotion in rank or status 级别或地位的晋升; 升级: * The job offers good opportunities for advancement. 这份工作有很好的晋升机会.

advantage
[Ed'va:ntidV; - -'vn-; Ed'vAntidV] n 1 (a) [C] ~ (over sb) condition or circumstance that gives one superiority or success (esp when competing with others) （尤指与他人竞争时）优越的或成功的条件或环境; 优势: * gain an advantage over an opponent 获得超越对手的优势 * He has the advantage of a steady job. 他有工作稳定的有利条件. * Her French upbringing gives her certain advantages over other students in her class. 她有法国式的教养, 使她比班上其他同学略胜一筹. (b) [U] benefit; profit 益处; 利益: * There is little advantage in buying a dictionary if you can't read. 如果不识字, 买字典就没有什麽用了. 2 [sing] (in tennis) first point scored after deuce （网球中）局末或盘末平分後所得的第一分: * [attrib 作定语] Becker reached advantage point several times before losing the game. 贝克於打平局後曾有几次先得分, 後来才输的. 3 (idm 习语) have the advantage of sb be in a better position than sb, esp in knowing sth that he does not know 比某人强, 占上风（尤指知其所不知）: * You have the advantage of me, I'm afraid, eg said when a stranger addresses one by name. 您认识我, 我还不认识您, 失敬得很（如被陌生人直呼姓名时所说的话）. take advantage of sth/sb (a) make use of sth well, properly, etc 充分利用: * They took full advantage of the hotel's facilities. 他们充分利用旅馆的设备. (b) make use of sb/sth unfairly or deceitfully to get what one wants; exploit sb/sth （为达到个人目的而不正当地或不老实地）利用某人或某事: * She took advantage of my generosity, ie took more than I had intended to give. 她利用了我的慷慨（取得比我想给的多）. * He's using his charm to try to take advantage of her, ie seduce her. 他用魅力企图占她的便宜（诱奸她）. to ad`vantage in a way that shows the best aspects of sth 用某种方法使优点突出: * The picture may be seen to (its best) advantage against a plain wall. 这幅画衬在素墙上就更加（格外）好看了. to sb's advantage with results which are profitable or helpful to sb 其结果对某人有利或有帮助:

advantage1
* The agreement is/works to our advantage. 协议对我们有利. turn sth to one's (own) ad`vantage cause (a situation or an event) to lead to personal profit; make the most of sth 使（情况或事情）导致个人获利; 充分利用某事物. 派生： advantage v [Tn] (fml 文) be beneficial to (sb); profit 有益於（某人）; 有利於. advantageous[7dvEn'teidVEs; 7AdvEn'tedVEs] adj ~ (to sb) profitable; beneficial 有利的; 有益的. advantageously adv.

advent
[5AdvEnt; 5Advent] n [sing] 1 the ~ of sth/sb the approach or arrival of (an important person, event, etc) （重要人物、 事件等的）来临, 到来: * With the advent of the new chairman, the company began to prosper. 随着新主席的到来, 公司也开始有了起色. 2 Advent (a) the period (with four Sundays) before Christmas 基督降临节（圣诞节前包括四个星期日的期间）: * [attrib 作定语] Advent hymns 基督降临节圣歌. (b) (Bible 圣经) the coming of Christ 基督降临. 派生： Adventist[5dvEntist, also Ed'ventist; 5Adventist] n member of a religious group believing that Christ's second coming is very near 基督复临论者（相信基督即将复临的教徒）.

adventitious
[7Adven'tiFEs; 7Adven'tiFEs] adj (fml 文) not planned; accidental 未经计划的; 偶然的: * an adventitious occurrence 偶发事件.

adventure
[Ed'ventFE(r); Ed'ventFl] n 1 [C] unusual, exciting or dangerous experience or undertaking 不寻常的, 有刺激性的或危险的经历或工作; 奇遇; 冒险: * have an adventure 有一次奇遇 * her adventures in Africa 她在非洲的冒险经历. 2 [U] excitement associated with danger, taking risks, etc 涉及危险、 冒险等的刺激: * a love/ spirit/ sense of adventure 对冒险的爱好[冒险的精神/冒险的意识] * a life full of adventure 充满惊险刺激的生活 * [attrib 作定语] adventure stories 惊险故事. 派生： adventurer/Ed'ventFErE(r); Ed'ventFErl] (fem 阴性作 adventuress/Ed'ventFEris; Ed'ventFEris] ) n 1 person who seeks adventures 冒险家. 2 (often derog 常作贬义) person who is ready to take risks or act dishonestly, immorally, etc in seeking personal gain 投机分子（为谋私利甘冒风险或做不诚实、 不道德的事的人）. adventurous adj 1 eager for or fond of adventure 渴望冒险的; 喜欢冒险的: adventurous children 喜欢冒险的儿童. 2 full of danger and excitement 充满危险和刺激的; 惊险的: an adventurous holiday 惊险刺激的假日. adventurously adv. 复合： ad`venture playground playground containing objects and structures of wood, metal, etc for children to play with, in or on 惊险乐园（内有木制、 铁制等物体或构架供儿童玩耍或攀登）.

adverb
[5AdvE:b; 5AdvEb] n (grammar) word that adds more information about place, time, circumstance, manner, cause, degree, etc to a verb, an adjective, a phrase or another adverb 副词（对动词、 形容词、 短语或另一副词增加地点、 时间、 环境、 方式、 原因、 程度等信息的词）: * In `speak kindly', `incredibly deep', `just in time' and `too quickly', `kindly', `incredibly', `just' and `too' are all adverbs. 在speak kindly、 incredibly deep、 just in time、 too quickly中, kindly、 incredibly、 just、 too都是副词. 派生： adverbial/Ed'vE:biEl; Ed'vEbiEl] adj of, like or containing an adverb 副词或状语的; 像副词或状语的; 含有副词或状语的: * `Very quickly indeed' is an adverbial phrase. very quickly indeed是状语短语. adverbially/Ad'vE:biEli; Ad'vEbiEli] adv.

adversary
[5AdvEsEri; - -seri; 5Advl7seri] n opponent in a contest; enemy 竞赛中的对手; 敌手: * He defeated his old adversary. 他击败了他的老对手.

adverse
[5AdvE:s; Ad'vEs] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] 1 (a) not favourable; contrary 不利的; 相反的: * adverse winds, weather conditions, circumstances 逆风、 恶劣的天气、 逆境. (b) hostile; opposing 敌对的; 反对的: * adverse criticism 非难 * an adverse reaction to the proposals 对那些建议的异议. 2 harmful 有害的: * the adverse effects of drugs 药物的有害的副作用. > adversely adv: * His health was adversely affected by the climate. 他的健康因气候影响而严重受损.

adversity
[Ed'vE:sEti; Ed'vEsEti] n 1 [U] unfavourable conditions; trouble 逆境; 不幸; 厄运: * remain cheerful in adversity 处於逆境而仍乐观 * face adversity with courage 有勇气面对厄运. 2 [C] unfortunate event or circumstances 不幸的事件或遭遇; 祸事; 苦难: * She overcame many adversities. 她饱经祸患而百折不挠.

advert
[5AdvE:t; Ad'vEt] n (Brit infml 口) = advertisement 2 (advertise) .

advertise
[5AdvEtaiz; 5Advl7taiz] v 1 [Tn] make (sth) generally or publicly known 使（某事物）尽人皆知; 公布; 宣传: * advertise a meeting, a concert, a job 公布[宣传]一次会议、 一次音乐会、 一项工作 * It may be safer not to advertise your presence. 不把你出席的事声张出去也许更为安全. 2 [I, Tn] praise (sth) publicly in order to encourage people to buy or use it 公开赞扬（某事物）以鼓动别人购买或使用; 做广告宣传; 登广告宣传: * advertise on TV, in a newspaper 在电视上做广告、 在报纸上登广告 * advertise soap, one's house, one's services 做广告宣传肥皂、 自己的房子、 自己的服务. 3 [Ipr] ~ for sb/sth ask for sb/sth by placing a notice in a newspaper, etc 在报刊等上面登徵求某人或某事物的广告: * I must advertise for a new secretary. 我得刊登广告聘请一位新秘书. 派生： advertisement/ Ed5v\:tIsmEnt; ?@ 9AdvEr5taIzmEnt; 9AdvL`taIzmEnt] n 1 [U] action of advertising 出公告; 做广告; 登广告: * [attrib 作定语] the advertisement page 广告专页. 2 [C] (also advert, ad) ~ (for sb/sth) public notice offering or asking for goods, services, etc 广告（推销或徵求货物、 服务等）: * If you want to sell your old sofa, why not put an advertisement in the local paper? 你若打算卖掉旧沙发, 何不在本地报纸上登个广告呢? advertiser n person who advertises 登广告的人. advertising n [U] 1 action of advertising 广告宣传; 做广告; 登广告: [attrib 作定语] a national advertising campaign 一场全国性的广告宣传攻势. 2 business that deals with the publicizing of goods, esp to increase sales 广告业; 广告事务: He works in advertising. 他从事广告业. * Cigarette advertising should be banned. 应该禁止香烟的广告业务. * [attrib 作定语] advertising revenue 广告收入.

advice
[Ed'vais; Ed'vais] n [U] 1 opinion given about what to do or how to behave 劝告; 忠告; 建议: * act on/follow/take sb's advice, ie do what sb suggests 听从[遵从/接受]某人的劝告 * You should take legal advice, ie consult a lawyer. 你应该徵询律师的意见. * My advice to you would be to wait. 我劝你等着. * If you take my advice you'll see a doctor. 如果你听我的话, 就去看病. * Let me give you a piece/a bit/a few words/a word of advice.... 让我给你一项[一点/几句话的/一句话的]忠告.... 2 (esp commerce 尤用於商业) formal note giving information about a transaction, etc （关於交易等资料的）通知: * We received advice that the goods had been dispatched. 我们收到了关於货物已发出的通知. * [attrib 作定语] an advice note 通知单.

advisable
[Ed'vaizEbl; Ed'vaizEbl] adj [usu pred 通常作表语] worth recommending as a course of action; sensible 可取; 明智: * Do you think it advisable to wait? 你认为等着好不好? 派生： advisability/Ed7vaizE'bilEti; Ed7vaizE'bilEti] n [U].

advise
[Ed'vaiz; Ed'vaiz] v 1 [Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Tf, Tw, Tg, Dn.f, Dn.w, Dn.t] ~ (sb) against sth/doing sth; ~ sb (on sth) give advice to sb; recommend 劝告; 忠告; 建议: * The doctor advised (me to take) a complete rest. 医生让（我）完全休息. * They advised her against marrying quickly. 他们劝她不要太快结婚. * She advises the Government on economic affairs. 她向政府提出经济方面的建议. * We advised that they should start early/advised them to start early. 我们建议他们应该及早开始. [我们建议他们及早开始.] * I'd advise taking a different approach. 我建议换个方式. * You would be well advised (ie sensible) to stay indoors. 你最好待在屋里. * Can you advise (me) what to do next? 你看（我）下一步怎麽办? 2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.f, Dn.w] ~ sb (of sth) (esp commerce 尤用於商业) inform or notify sb 通知或告知某人: * Please advise us of the dispatch of the goods/when the goods are dispatched. 货物发出[货物发出时]请通知我们. 派生： advisedly/Ed'vaizidli; Ed'vaizidli] adv (fml 文) after careful thought; deliberately 深思熟虑的; 故意的: * I use these words advisedly. 我是特意用这些字的. adviser (also esp US advisor) n ~ (to sb) (on sth) person who gives advice, esp sb who is regularly consulted 顾问: serve as special adviser to the President 作总统的特别顾问.

advisory
[Ed'vaizEri; Ed'vaizEri] adj having the power to advise; giving advice 有权进言的; 顾问的; 咨询的: * an advisory committee, body, role 咨询委员会、 机关、 任务.

advocacy
[5AdvEkEsi; 5AdvEkEsi] n [U] 1 ~ (of sth) giving of support (to a cause, etc) 拥护（一事业等）; 鼓吹; 提倡; 主张: * She is well known for her advocacy of women's rights. 她因鼓吹妇权运动而甚为知名. 2 (law 律) profession or work of an advocate(2) 律师的职业或工作.

advocate
[5AdvEkeit; 5AdvEket] v [Tn, Tf, Tg, Tsg] speak publicly in favour of (sth); recommend; support 拥护; 提倡; 支持: * I advocate a policy of gradual reform. 我拥护逐步改革的政策. * Do you advocate banning cars in the city centre?你支持禁止汽车在市中心通行这一主张吗? 派生： advocate[5AdvEkEt; 5AdvEkEt] n 1 ~ (of sth) person who supports or speaks in favour of a cause, policy, etc （对一事业、 方针、 政策等的）支持者, 拥护者, 鼓吹者, 提倡者: * a lifelong advocate of disarmament 为裁军奋斗终生的人. 2 person who pleads on behalf of another, esp a lawyer who presents a client's case in a lawcourt 律师. Cf 参看 barrister, solicitor. 3 (idm 习语) devil's advocate => devil.

advt
abbr 缩写 = advertisement.

adze
(US adz)[Adz; Adz] n tool like an axe with a blade at right angles to the handle used for cutting or shaping large pieces of wood 锛子.

aegis
[5i:dVis; 5idVis] n (idm 习语) under the aegis of sb/sth with the protection or support of sb/sth, esp a public institution 在某人或某事物（尤指公共机构）的保护或支持下: * Medical supplies are being flown in under the aegis of the Red Cross. 在红十字会的保护下, 正在空运进医药用品.

aeon
(also eon)[5i:En; 5iEn] n period of time so long that it cannot be measured 极长而无法计算的时期; 万古: * The earth was formed aeons ago. 地球形成於亿万年前.

aerate
[5eEreit; 5eE7ret] v [Tn] 1 add carbon dioxide to (a liquid) under pressure 加压充注二氧化碳於（液体）: * aerated water 汽水. 2 expose (sth) to the chemical action of air 将（某物）置於空气中使其起化学作用: * aerate the soil by digging it 翻地使土壤通气. > aeration/eE'reiFn; 7eE'reFEn] n [U].

aerial
1[5eEriEl; 5eriEl] (US antenna) n one or more wires or rods for sending or receiving radio waves 天线. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page vii.

aerie
= eyrie.

aero-
comb form 构词成分 of air or aircraft 空气的; 飞行器的: aerodynamic * aerospace.

aerobatics
[7eErE'bAtiks; 7erE'bAtiks] n 1 [pl] spectacular feats performed with aircraft, esp as part of a display, eg flying upside-down or in loops 特技飞行（尤指表演项目, 如翻身或翻斛斗飞行）: * The aerobatics were the best part of the show. 表演中最精彩的节目是特技飞行. 2 [sing v] art of performing these 特技飞行术: * Aerobatics is a dangerous sport. 特技飞行是危险的运动. > aerobatic adj.

aerobics
[eE'rEubiks; e'robiks] n [pl] energetic physical exercises done in order to increase the amount of oxygen taken into the body 有氧运动（为增加体内氧气的健身运动）; 健美操; 健身操.

aerodrome
[5eErEdrEum; 5erE7drom] n (dated 旧 esp Brit) small airport or airfield, used mainly by private aircraft （主要为私人飞机使用的）小飞机场.

aerodynamics
[7eErEudai'nAmiks; 7erodai'nAmiks] n [pl, usu sing v 通常与单数动词连用] science dealing with the forces acting on solid bodies (eg aircraft or bullets) moving through air 空气动力学; 气体动力学. > aerodynamic adj.

aeronautics
[7eErE'nC:tiks; 7erE'nCtiks] n [pl, usu sing v 通常与单数动词连用] scientific study or practice of flying and navigating aircraft 航空学; 航空术. > aeronautic, aeronautical[-'nC:tikl; -'nCtikl] adjs: * aeronautical engineering, skills 航空工程的; 航空技术的.

aeroplane
[5eErEplein; 5erE7plen] (US airplane[5eErplein; 5er7plen] ) n aircraft that is heavier than air, with wings and one or more engines 飞机.

aerosol
[5eErEsCl; - -sC:l; 5erE7sCl] n (a) [U] substance (eg scent, paint, insecticide) sealed in a container under pressure, with a device for releasing it as a fine spray 加压密封於容器中用喷雾装置释放出来的物质（如香水、 颜料、 杀虫剂）; 喷雾剂: * [attrib 作定语] an aerosol can 喷雾罐. =>illus at can 见can之插图. (b) [C] such a container 喷雾器; 雾化器: * Deodorants are available as aerosols or roll-ons. 除臭剂有喷雾装或滚抹装.

aerospace
[5eErEuspeis; 5ero7spes] n [U] 1 the earth's atmosphere and the space beyond it 地球大气层及其外面的宇宙空间; 航空航天空间. 2 technology of aircraft, spacecraft, etc that operate in this 航空航天技术: * [attrib 作定语] the aerospace industry 航空航天工业.

aesthete
[5i:sWi:t; 5esWit] (US also esthete[5esWi:t; 5esWit] ) n (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) person who has or claims to have a fine appreciation of art and beauty 审美家.

aesthetic
[i:s'Wetik; es'Wetik] (US also esthetic/es'Wetik; es'Wetik] ) adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] 1 (a) concerned with beauty and the appreciation of beauty 有关美的; 美学的: * aesthetic standards 美学标准 * an aesthetic sense 美感. (b) appreciating beauty and beautiful things 对美和美的事物欣赏的; 审美的: * an aesthetic person 有美感的人. 2 pleasing to look at; artistic; tasteful 悦目的; 艺术的; 雅致的: * aesthetic design 美观的设计 * Their furniture was more aesthetic than practical. 他们的家具华而不实. 派生： aesthetically (US also es-)[-kli; -kli] adv: * aesthetically pleasing 美观可爱的. aestheticism/i:s'WetisizEm; es'Weti7sizEm] (US also es-) n [U]. aesthetics (US also es-) n [sing v] branch of philosophy dealing with the principles of beauty and artistic taste 美学（哲学中的一门学科, 研究美和艺术鉴赏的原理）.

aetiology
(US also etiology)[7i:ti'ClEdVi; 7iti'alEdVi] n [U] 1 study of causes and reasons 原因论（对原因及成因的研究）. 2 (medicine 药) study of the causes of disease 病原学; 病因学: * the aetiology of malaria 疟疾的病因研究.

afar
[E'fa:(r); E'far] adv 1 at or to a distance 在远处; 到远处: * lights visible afar off 远处能见到的光. 2 (idm 习语) from a`far from a long distance away 从远处: * news from afar 远方来的消息.

affable
[5AfEbl; 5AfEbl] adj 1 polite and friendly 谦恭有礼的; 和蔼可亲的: * affable to everybody 对每个人都彬彬有礼的 * an affable reply 谦恭的回答. 2 easy to talk to 易於交谈的: * He found her parents very affable. 他觉得她父母很好说话. > affability[7AfE'bilEti; 7AfE'bilEti] n [U]. affably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv.

affair
[E'feE(r); E'fer] n 1 [sing] thing (to be) done; concern; matter 事; 事务; 事情: * It's not my affair, ie I am not interested in or responsible for it. 那不是我的事. 2 affairs [pl] (a) personal business matters 个人的业务: * put one's affairs in order 料理自己的业务. (b) matters of public interest 公共的事务: * current/foreign/world affairs 时事[外交事务/世界事务] * affairs of state 国事; 国务; 政务. 3 [C esp sing 尤作单数] (a) event; happening 事件; 事情: * We must try to forget this sad affair. 我们要尽量把这件难过的事忘掉. * The press exaggerated the whole affair wildly. 新闻报道肆意夸大了整个事件. (b) event or series of events connected with a particular person, thing or place 与某人、 某物或某地有关的事件: * the Suez affair 苏伊士事件. (c) organized social event 有组织的社交活动: * The wedding was a very grand affair. 那婚礼是件盛事. 4 [C] (infml 口) (following an adj 用於形容词之後) thing described in a specified way （具体描述的）东西, 物件: * Her hat was an amazing affair of ribbons and feathers. 她那顶帽子是个有丝带和羽毛的绝妙物件. 5 [C] sexual relationship between people who are not married to each other 与配偶以外的人发生的性关系: * She's having an affair with her boss. 她和老板有暧昧关系. 6 (idm 习语) a state of affairs => state.

affect
1[E'fekt; E'fekt] v [Tn] 1 have an influence on (sb/sth); produce an effect on 影响: * The tax increases have affected us all. 加税已经影响了我们大家. * The change in climate may affect your health, ie be bad for you. 气候的变化可能影响你的健康. * Their opinion will not affect my decision. 他们的意见不会影响我的决定. 2 (of disease) attack (sb/sth); infect （指疾病）侵袭（某人[某物]）; 感染: * Cancer had affected his lungs. 癌已侵及他的肺脏. 3 cause (sb) to have feelings of sadness or sympathy; touch 使（某人）有悲伤或同情的感觉; 感动: * We were deeply affected by the news of her death. 她死亡的噩耗使我们深为感伤. 派生： affecting moving or touching 动人的; 感人的: an affecting appeal for help 感人的求助. affectingly adv. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Affect is a verb meaning `have an influence on' *affect是动词, 意为‘影响’: Alcohol affects drivers' concentration. 酒精能影响司机的注意力. Effect is a noun meaning `result or influence'*effect是名词, 意为‘效果’或‘影响’: Alcohol has a very bad effect on drivers. 酒精对司机的影响很大. It is also a (formal) verb meaning `accomplish' *effect这个词还是个（文雅的）动词, 意为‘完成’: They effected their escape in the middle of the night. 他们半夜逃脱了.

affectation
[7Afek'teiFn; 7Afek'teFEn] n 1 [C, U] (instance of) unnatural behaviour, manner of speaking, etc, intended to impress others 为给人留有印象而作出不自然的样子; 做作: * His little affectations irritated her. 他做作的小动作激怒了她. * I detest all affectation. 我厌恶一切矫揉造作的行为. 2 [C] ~ (of sth) pretence; deliberate display (of sth that is not truly felt) 假装; 故意表现（不是真正感觉的事物）: * an affectation of interest, indifference, etc 装作有兴趣、 假装不在乎.

affection
[E'fekFn; E'fekFEn] n 1 [U, C usu pl 通常作复数] ~ (for/towards sb/sth) feeling of fondness; love 喜爱; 爱: * He felt great affection for his sister. 他很疼他的妹妹. * The old king was held in great affection. 年老的国王极受爱戴. * I tried to win her affection(s). 我尽力讨她的欢心. 2 [C] (dated 旧) disease or diseased condition 疾病; 病情: * an affection of the throat 咽喉疾患.

affectionate
[E'fekFEnEt; E'fekFEnEt] adj ~ (towards sb) showing fondness (for sb); loving （向某人）示爱的; 爱的: * an affectionate child 有爱心的孩子 * affectionate kisses, words, smiles 示爱的吻、 话、 微笑 * He is very affectionate towards his children. 他很爱他的孩子. > affectionately adv: * He patted her affectionately on the head. 他疼爱地拍拍她的头. * Yours affectionately, ie used at the end of a letter to a close relative or friend. 你亲爱的（用於给至亲好友的书信末尾）.

affiance
[E'faiEns; E'faiEns] v [usu passive 通常用於被动语态: * Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (to sb) (dated or fml 旧或文) promise sb in marriage 和某人订婚: * He is affianced to the princess, ie engaged to marry her. 他和公主订婚了.

affidavit
[7Afi'deivit; 7AfE'devit] n (law 律) written statement that can be used as evidence in court, made by sb who swears that it is true （宣誓属实可用作法庭证据的）书面证词; 宣誓书: * swear/make/take/sign an affidavit 订立[签署]宣誓书.

affiliate
[E'filieit; E'fili7et] v [usu passive 通常用於被动语态: * Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (to/with sb/sth) attach (a person, a society, an institution, etc) to a larger organization 使（个人、 社团、 机构等）隶属於一较大组织; 使接纳为成员: * We are affiliated with the national group. 我们隶属於国营组织. * The College is affiliated to the University. 这所学院附属於这所大学. 派生： affiliate/E'filiEt; E'filiEt] n affiliated person, institution, etc 被接纳的人、 隶属的机构等: * [attrib 作定语] affiliate members 会员.

affiliation
[E7fili'eiFn; E7fili'eFEn] n 1 [U] affiliating or being affiliated 加入; 附属. 2 [C] link or connection made by affiliating （因加入而有的）联系或关系: * The society has many affiliations throughout the country. 这个社团在全国有很多关系. 复合： affili`ation order (law 律) order compelling the father of an illegitimate child to help to support it 父子关系确认令（令非婚生子之父协助抚养）.

affinity
[E'finEti; E'finEti] n 1 [U, C] ~ (with sb/sth); ~ (between A and B) structural resemblance or similarity of character; relationship 构造相似; 特点相近; 关系: * There is (a) close affinity between Italian and Spanish. 意大利语和西班牙语很近似. * Early man shows certain affinities with the ape. 早期的人类和猿有某些相似之处. 2 [C] ~ (to/for sb/sth); ~ (between A and B) strong liking for or attraction to sb/sth 强烈喜爱（某人[某事物]）: * They share a special affinity. 他们有共同的特殊爱好. * She has a strong affinity for Beethoven. 她酷爱贝多芬的乐曲. 3 [C] ~ (with sb) (law 律) relationship, esp by marriage （尤指姻亲）关系: * He was not an impartial witness because of his affinity with the accused. 他不是公正的见证人, 因为他与被告有姻亲关系. 4 [C] ~ (for sth) (chemistry 化) tendency of certain substances to combine with others 亲和性; 亲和力: * the affinity of salt for water 盐对水的亲和力.

affirm
[E'fE:m; E'fEm] v 1 [Tn, Tf, Dn.pr, Dpr.f] ~ sth (to sb) state sth as the truth; assert sth 肯定某事物属实; 断言某事物: * She affirmed her innocence. 她坚称自己无罪. * He affirmed that he was responsible. 他肯定是他负责. Cf 参看 deny. 2 [I] (law 律) make a solemn declaration in court instead of swearing an oath （在法庭上不经宣誓而）郑重陈词. 派生： affirmation[7AfE'meiFn; 7Afl'meFEn] n 1 [C, U] (act of) affirming 肯定; 断言: * The poem is a joyous affirmation of the power of love. 这首诗以欢快的笔触肯定了爱情的力量. 2 [C] (a) thing that is affirmed 肯定的事物. (b) (law 律) solemn declaration made in court instead of an oath （在法庭上不经宣誓而作的）郑重陈词.

affirmative
[E'fE:mEtiv; E'fEmEtiv] adj (of words, etc) expressing agreement; indicating `yes' （指言语等）表示同意的; 意为‘是的’; 肯定的: * an affirmative reply, nod, reaction 表示同意的回答、 点头、 反应. Cf 参看 negative. 派生： affirmative n 1 word or statement that expresses agreement 表示同意的词语或陈述. 2 (idm 习语) in the af`firmative (fml 文) expressing agreement 表示同意: He answered in the affirmative, ie said `yes'. 他作了肯定的回答. affirmatively adv.

affix
1[E'fiks; E'fiks] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to/on sth) (fml 文) 1 stick, fasten or attach sth 粘上、 贴上、 系住、 附上、 固定住某物: * affix a stamp to an envelope 在信封上贴邮票 * affix a seal on a document 在文件上盖印. 2 add sth in writing 添写上某事物: * affix one's signature to a contract 在合同上签字.

afflict
[E'flikt; E'flikt] v [usu passive 通常用於被动语态: * Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (with sth) cause trouble, pain or distress to sb/sth 使某人[某物]苦恼、 疼痛或悲痛: * She is afflicted with (ie suffers from) arthritis. 她患关节炎. * Severe drought has afflicted the countryside. 严重的乾旱使乡村深受其害. 派生： affliction/E'flikFn; E'flikFEn] n (fml 文) 1 [U] pain; suffering; distress 疼痛; 折磨; 悲痛: * help people in affliction 帮助受苦的人. 2 [C] thing that causes suffering 造成痛苦的事物: * Blindness can be a terrible affliction. 失明有时极为痛苦.

affluence
[5AfluEns; 5AfluEns] n [U] abundance of money, goods or property; wealth 丰富; 富裕: * live in/live a life of affluence 生活优裕[过富裕的日子] * He quickly rose to affluence, ie became wealthy. 他很快就富起来了.

affluent
[5AfluEnt; 5AfluEnt] adj rich; prosperous 富裕的; 丰富的; 繁荣的: * affluent circumstances 富裕的环境 * an affluent lifestyle 富足的生活方式 * His parents were very affluent. 他的父母很富裕. * the affluent society, ie one in which most people have a high standard of living 富足的社会（多数人生活水平很高的社会）.

afford
[E'fC:d; E'fCrd] v 1 [no passive 不用於被动语态: * Tn, Tt] (usu with can, could or be able to 通常与can、 could或be able to连用) have enough money, time, space, etc for (a specified purpose) 为（某目的）有足够的钱、 时间、 地方等: * They walked because they couldn't afford (to take) a taxi. 他们因为坐不起计程车而步行. * You can't afford (ie are not in a position to spend) 90. 你可不能花90英镑. * I'd love to go on holiday but I can't afford the time. 我倒想去度假, 可是抽不出时间来. * We would give more examples if we could afford the space. 假如我们能匀出篇幅来, 就可以多举些例子了. 2 [no passive 不用於被动语态: * Tn, Tt] (usu with can orcould 通常与can或could连用) be able to do sth without risk to oneself 能不冒风险而做某事物: * I mustn't annoy my boss because I can't afford to lose my job, ie must not take the risk of losing my job. 我可得罪不起老板, 因为我舍不得丢掉这份工作. * You can ill afford to criticize others when you behave so badly yourself. 本身行为不正, 则不宜批评别人. 3 [Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) (fml 文) provide sth; give sth 供给某事物; 给予某事物: * The tree afforded (us) welcome shade. 这棵树下好乘凉. * Television affords pleasure to many. 电视给很多人带来乐趣.

afforest
[E'fCrist; - E'fC:r-; E'fCrist] v [Tn] plant (areas of land) with trees to form a forest 造林於（某地）. > afforestation/E7fCri5steiFn; - E7fC:r-; E7fCrEs'teFEn] n [U].

affray
[E'frei; E'fre] n (usu sing 通常作单数) (fml or law 文或律) disturbance of the peace caused by fighting or rioting in a public place 在公共场所扰乱治安、 吵架、 打架、 闹事、 滋事: * The men were charged with causing an affray. 那些人被控扰乱治安.

affront
[E'frQnt; E'frQnt] n (usu sing 通常作单数) ~ (to sb/sth) deliberately insulting or disrespectful remark, action, etc, esp in public （尤指当众）故意侮辱, 有意冒犯: * His speech was an affront to all decent members of the community. 他的话对社区所有体面的成员是故意的侮辱. 派生： affront/E'frQnt; E'frQnt] v [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] insult (sb) deliberately and openly; offend 故意而公然地侮辱（某人）; 冒犯. affronted adj ~ (at/by sth) offended 被冒犯的; 被得罪的: * He felt deeply affronted at her rudeness. 他深为她的粗野所触怒.

Afghan
[5Afgn; 5AfgAn] n 1 (a) [C] native or inhabitant of Afghanistan 阿富汗人. (b) [U] language of Afghanistan 阿富汗语. 2 afghan [C] type of loose sheepskin coat 一种宽松的羊皮外衣. 复合： ,Afghan `hound tall breed of dog with long silky hair 阿富汗猎狗.

aficionado
[ E9fIsjE5nB:dEU, also E9fIFj-; E9fisjE`nBdo, E9fIF-] n (pl ~s) (Spanish 西) person who is very enthusiastic about a particular sport or pastime 非常热中於某项运动或消遣的人; 狂热爱好者; 迷: * an aficionado of bullfighting 斗牛迷.

afield
[E'fi:ld; E'fild] adv (idm 习语) far/farther/further a`field far, etc away, esp from home; to or at a distance 远离（尤指家乡）; 到远方; 在远处: * Some villagers have never been further afield than the neighbouring town. 有些村民从未远离过附近的市镇. * To find the causes of the problem we need look no further afield than our own department. 要找出问题所在, 不必超出我们本部门的范围.

AFL
CIO

aflame
[E'fleim; E'flem] adj [pred 作表语] 1 (red as if) in flames; burning （红似）着火; 燃烧: * The whole building was soon aflame. 整个建 物不久就燃烧起来了. * Her cheeks were aflame. 她的两颊绯红. * The autumn woods were aflame with colour. 那片秋林红似火. 2 very excited 非常激动: * aflame with desire 欲火如焚.

afloat
[E'flEut; E'flot] adj [pred 作表语] 1 floating in water or air （在水中或空中）漂浮着: * The boat stuck on a sandbank but we soon got it afloat again. 小船在沙丘搁浅, 没过多久我们就又使它航行自如了. * The ship was listing badly but still kept afloat. 船倾侧得很厉害, 但却仍然漂浮不沉. 2 at sea; on board ship 在海上; 在船上: * enjoy life afloat 喜欢海上生活. 3 out of debt or difficulties 无债; 无困难: * The firm managed to stay afloat during the recession. 在经济衰退期间, 公司设法渡过了难关. 4 functioning 起作用: * get a new business afloat, ie start it 创办新的企业. 5 (of rumours) being generally talked about; circulating （指谣言）传播; 流传: * There's a story afloat that he'll resign. 有个传闻说他要辞职.

afoot
[E'fut; E'fut] adj [pred 作表语] being prepared or progressing 在准备中; 在进行中: * There's mischief afoot, ie being planned. 有人准备捣鬼. * There's a scheme afoot to put a motorway through the park. 现在正酝酿着一个计划, 要修一条穿过公园的高速公路.

aforementioned
[E7fC:'menFEnd; E'fCr'menFEnd] (also aforesaid/E'fC:sed; E'fCr7sed] , said) adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (fml 文) (esp in legal documents) mentioned or referred to earlier （尤用於法律文件）前面所述的, 上述的: * The aforementioned (`person/`persons) was/were acting suspiciously. 前面所述的人行动可疑.

aforethought
[E'fC:WC:t; E'fCr7WCt] adj (idm 习语) with malice aforethought => malice.

afraid
[E'freid; E'fred] adj [pred 作表语] 1 (a) ~ (of sb/sth); ~ (of doing sth/to do sth) frightened 畏惧; 害怕: * Don't be afraid. 不要怕. * There's nothing to be afraid of. 没有什麽可害怕的. * Are you afraid of snakes? 你怕蛇吗? * He's afraid of going out/to go out alone at night. 他害怕夜晚独自出去. * Don't be afraid (ie Don't hesitate) to ask for help if you need it. 倘若需要帮忙的话, 尽管提出来（不必犹豫）. (b) ~ of doing sth/~ that... worried or anxious about (the possible result of sth) 担忧或忧虑（某事物可能产生的後果）; 恐怕: * I didn't mention it because I was afraid of upsetting him/afraid (that) I might upset him. 我没有提起那件事, 因为我怕他心烦意乱. * He's afraid of losing customers/that he might lose customers. 他怕失去顾客[可能失去顾客]. (c) ~ for sth/sb frightened or worried about things that may put sth/sb in danger 担心（某事物[某人]会遇到危险）: * parents afraid for (the safety of) their children 为儿女（的安全）担忧的父母. 2 (idm 习语) be afraid of one's own shadow be very timid 很胆小; 非常胆怯. I'm afraid (that...) (usu without that, used to express politely a piece of information that may be unwelcome 通常不用 that, 用以有礼貌地表达可能令人不快的信息) I am sorry to say 我很抱歉地说: * I'm afraid we can't come. 很抱歉, 我们不能来. * I can't help you, I'm afraid. 我帮不了你的忙, 对不起. * `Have we missed the train?’ `I'm afraid so.’ ‘我们误了火车了吗?’‘很遗憾, 是误了.’ * `Have you any milk?’ `I'm afraid not.’ ‘你有牛奶吗?’‘对不起, 没有.’

afresh
[E'freF; E'freF] adv again, esp from the very beginning （尤指从头）再; 重新: * Let's start afresh. 咱们重新开始吧. * The work will have to be done afresh. 这工作得重新再做了.

African
[5AfrikEn; 5AfrikEn] adj of Africa or its people or languages 非洲的; 非洲人的; 非洲语言的. 派生： African n native of Africa, esp a dark-skinned person 非洲土人（尤指黑皮肤的人）. 复合： ,African `violet E African plant with purple, pink or white flowers, usu grown indoors 非洲紫罗兰.

Afrikaans
[7Afri5ka:ns; 7Afri5kans] n [U] language developed from Dutch, spoken in S Africa 南非荷兰语（源自荷兰语, 用於南非）.

Afrikaner
[7Afri5ka:nE(r); 7Afri5kanl] n white S African, usu of Dutch descent, whose native language is Afrikaans 南非白人（通常为荷兰人後裔, 母语为南非荷兰语）.

Afro
American

aft
[a:ft; - Aft; Aft] adv 1 in, near or towards the stern of a ship or the tail of an aircraft 在、 近或向（船或飞行器）尾部. 2 (idm 习语) fore and aft => fore1.

after
1[5a:ftE(r); - 'Af-; 5Aftl] adv 1 later (in time) （在时间上）以後, 之後, 後来: * The day after, he apologized. 次日, 他道歉了. * It reappeared long/soon after. 过後很久[不久]又出现了. * They lived happily ever after. 他们後来一直生活得很幸福. 2 behind (in place) （在位置上）在後: * She followed on after. 她在後面跟着. Cf 参看 before1. =>Usage at before2 用法见before2. 复合： `afterglow n [U] glow in the sky after sunset （日落後天空中的）馀晖; 夕照; 晚霞.

aftermath
[5a:ftEmW; arit also -ma:W; 5AftlmAW] n (usu sing 通常作单数) circumstances that follow and are a consequence of an event, etc (esp an unpleasant one) （尤指不幸的）事件的馀波, 馀殃, 後果: * the rebuilding which took place in the aftermath of the war 在战後馀殃中的重建.

afternoon
[7a:ftE'nu:n; - 7Af-; 7Aftl'nun] n [U, C] time from midday or lunch-time to about 6 pm or sunset (if this is earlier) 下午: * in/during the afternoon 在下午 * this/yesterday/tomorrow afternoon 今天[昨天/明天]下午 * every afternoon 每天下午 * on Sunday afternoon 在星期日下午 * on the afternoon of 12 May 在5月12日下午 * one afternoon last week 上星期的一个下午 * She goes there two afternoons a week. 她每星期有两天下午到那里去. * [attrib 作定语] an afternoon sleep, performance, train 午觉、 午後表演、 下午班火车 * afternoon tea 下午茶点. =>Usage at morning 用法见morning. 派生： afternoons adv in the afternoons as a practice or habit （通常或习惯）在下午: Afternoons, he works at home. 下午他都在家工作.

afterwards
[5a:ftEwEdz; - 'Af-; 5Aftlwldz] (US also afterward) adv at a later time 後来; 然後; 以後: * Let's go to the theatre first and eat afterwards. 咱们先去看戏, 然後再吃吧. Cf 参看 before1. =>Usage at before2 用法见before2.

again
[E'gen, E'gein; E'gen, E'gen] adv 1 once more; another time 再一次; 又; 再: * Try again. 再试一次. * Say that again, please. 请再说一遍. * Here comes Joe, drunk again. 乔来了, 又喝醉了. * Do call again. 一定再来电话啊. * Don't do that again. 别再做那种事了. * This must never happen again. 这样的事决不可以再发生了. 2 as before; to or in the original place or condition 如前; 恢复原状: * He was glad to be home again. 他又回到家里, 感到很高兴. * Back again already? 已经又回来了? * You'll never get the money back again. 那笔钱你再也弄不回来了. * You'll soon be well again. 你不久就会康复. * I'm glad he's himself/his old self again, ie that he has returned to his normal state again after a shock, an illness, etc. 他又恢复正常[老样子]了, 我感到很高兴. 3 (a) likewise; furthermore 同样地; 也; 此外; 而且; 再者: * Again, we have to consider the legal implications. 再者, 我们还要考虑到法律方面的含义. (b) on the other hand 另一方面: * I might, and (there/then) again I might not. 我可能, 可也不一定. 4 in addition 增加: * I'd like as many/much again, ie twice as many/much. 我愿再增加一倍. * half as much again, ie one-and-a-half times as much 增加一半. 5 (idm 习语) a,gain and a`gain repeatedly 反复地; 屡次地; 一再地; 再叁地: * I've told you again and again not to do that. 我叁番五次地告诉过你, 不要做那种事.

against
[E'genst, E'geinst; E'genst, E'genst] prep 1 in opposition to (sb/sth) 逆着; 反对; 违反; 与...相反: * We were rowing against the current. 我们逆水划船. * Are most people against the proposal? 是多数人都反对这项提议吗? * That's against the law. 那是违法的. * She was married against her will. 她结婚是有违本意的. * His age is against him, ie is a disadvantage to him. 他的年龄於他不利. 2 in contact with (sb/sth); into collision with 触; 碰; 倚; 靠; 撞: * Put the piano there, with its back against the wall. 把钢琴放在那里, 背靠着墙. * He was leaning against a tree. 他倚着一棵树. * The rain beat against the car windscreen. 雨点打在汽车挡风玻璃上. 3 in contrast to (sth) 衬托; 相映; 对照; 对比: * silhouetted against the sky 以天空为背景显出轮廓的 * The skier's red clothes stood out clearly against the snow. 滑雪者的红衣服在雪的衬托下显得分外醒目. * (fig 比喻) The salaries here are low (as) against the rates elsewhere. 这里的薪水与别处相比是很低的. 4 in preparation for (sth); in anticipation of 防备; 预防: * protect plants against frost 保护植物以防霜冻 * take precautions against fire 采取防火措施 * an injection against rabies 狂犬病预防针. 5 opposite (sth), so as to cancel or lessen 抵销; 抵偿; 抵补: * allowances to be set against income 用以抵补总收入的津贴. 6 in return for (sth) 作为...的交换: * What's the rate of exchange against the dollar? 美元的兑换率是多少? * Tickets are issued only against payment of the full fee. 只有付讫全费才可将票发出. 7 (idm 习语) as against sth => as.

agape
[E'geip; E'gep] adj [pred 作表语] ~ (with sth) (of the mouth) wide open, esp with wonder （指嘴）大张着（尤指因惊奇）: * He watched with mouth agape. 他张着大嘴注视着.

agate
[5AgEt; 5AgEt] n [U, C] type of very hard semiprecious stone with bands or patches of colour 玛瑙: * a brooch made of agate 玛瑙做的饰针 * [attrib 作定语] an agate ring 玛瑙戒指.

age
1[eidV; edV] n 1 [C, U] length of time that a person has lived or a thing has existed 人所生活的或事物所存在的期间; 年龄; 年岁; 年纪; 寿命: * What age is he? 他多大年纪? * He's six years of age/six years old. 他六岁. * Their ages are two and ten. 他们的年龄是一个两岁, 一个十岁. * At what age did she retire? 她多少岁退休的? * I left school at the age of 18. 我中学毕业时18岁. * When I was your age... 当我像你这样年纪时... * We have a son your age. 我们有个儿子和你同岁. * He lived to a great age. 他活到很大年纪. * Geologists have calculated the age of the earth. 地质学家已经计算出了地球的年龄. * [attrib 作定语] Anyone can enter the contest there's no age limit, ie no one will be regarded as too old or too young. 任何人均可参加竞赛--无年龄限制. =>App 4 见附录4. 2 [U] latter part of life; old age 生命的後期; 老年; 晚年: * the wisdom that comes with age 因年老而积累的智慧 * His face was wrinkled with age. 他的脸因苍老而起皱. * Fine wine improves with age. 美酒陈年味更醇. Cf 参看 youth 1, 2. 3 [C] period of history with special characteristics or events （具有某种特徵或特殊事件的）历史时期; 时代: * the Elizabethan Age, ie the time of Queen Elizabeth I of England 伊丽莎白时代（英国女王伊丽莎白一世的时代） * the modern age, the nuclear age, the age of the microchip 现代、 核子时代、 微晶片时代. 4 [C usu pl 通常作复数] (infml 口) very long time 极长的时间; 很久: * I waited (for) ages/an age. 我等候很久了. * It took (us) ages to find a place to park. （我们）找了好半天才找到个停车的地方. 5 (idm 习语) the age/years of discretion => discretion. at a tender age/of tender age => tender1. the awkward age => awkward. ,be/,come of `age reach the age at which one has an adult's legal rights and obligations 成年; 达到法定年龄. ,be your `age (infml 口)

age1
(esp imperative 尤用於祈使语气) behave as sb of your age should and not as though you were much younger 年纪不小了（举止应与你年纪相称, 不要装成更小的样子）. feel one's age => feel. in this day and age => day. ,look one's `age seem as old as one really is 容貌与年龄相称: * She doesn't look her age at all, ie appears much younger than she really is. 她一点儿也不像那麽大年纪（显得年轻得多）. (be) of an `age having reached an age when one should do sth 达到该做某事的年龄: * He's of an age when he ought to settle down. 他已经到了应该安顿下来的年龄了. of an `age with sb of the same age as sb 与某人同岁; 同庚. ,over `age too old 超龄. ,under `age not old enough; not yet adult 未到规定年龄; 未成年: * You shouldn't sell cigarettes to teenagers who are under age/to under-age teenagers. 你不应该把香烟卖给没到岁数的青少年. 复合： `age-group (also `age-bracket) n (people in a) period of life between two (often specified) ages 某组年龄范围（内的人们）: mix with (people in) one's own age-group 与自己年龄范围的人混在一起 * Only people in the age-bracket 20-30 need apply. 只有年龄在20-30岁之间的人才可以申请. `agelong adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] existing for a very long time 长久存在着的: man's agelong struggle for freedom 人类为自由而进行的长期奋斗. ,age of con`sent age at which sb, esp a girl, is considered old enough to consent to sexual intercourse 承诺年龄（尤指女子, 已到对性行为可以自主的年龄）. ,age-`old adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] having existed for a very long time 存在已久的; 古老的: ,age-old `customs, `ceremonies, etc 古老的习俗、 礼仪等.

ageism
(also agism)[5eidVizEm; 5edVizEm] n [U] (derog 贬) (practice of) treating people unfairly or unjustly because of their age 年龄歧视（的习气）.

ageless
[5eidVlis; 5edVlis] adj 1 never growing old or appearing to grow old 不变老的; 不显老的: * Her beauty seems ageless. 她驻颜有术. 2 eternal 永久的; 永 的; 永存的: * the ageless mystery of the universe 宇宙的永 的奥秘.

agency
[5eidVEnsi; 5edVEnsi] n 1 (a) business or place of business providing a (usu specified) service 经销; 代办; 代理; 经销处; 代理处: * an employment, a travel, an advertising, a secretarial, etc agency 职业介绍所、 旅行社、 广告社、 秘书介绍所 * Our company has agencies all over the world. 本公司在全世界都设有代办处. (b) (esp US) government office providing a specific service 政府的特种机构: * Central Intelligence Agency 中央情报局. 2 (idm 习语) by/through the agency of sth/sb (fml 文) as a result of the action of sb/sth 由於或通过某人[某事物]的作用: * rocks worn smooth through the agency of water 被水冲得光滑的岩石 * He obtained his position by/through the agency of friends. 他通过朋友的帮助得到了一个职位.

agenda
[E'dVendE; E'dVendE] n (list of) matters of business to be discussed at a meeting, etc 在会议上要讨论的事项（单）; 议事单; 议程表: * What is the next item on the agenda? 议程表上的下一项是什麽? * The agenda for the meeting is as follows.... 这次会议的议程如下....

agent
[5eidVEnt; 5edVEnt] n 1 person who acts for, or manages the affairs of, other people in business, politics, etc （商业、 政治等方面的）代理人, 经纪人: * an insurance agent 保险业经纪人 * a travel agent 旅行社经纪人 * our agents in the Middle East 我们在中东的代理人. 2 (a) person who does sth or causes sth to happen （做某事或使某事发生的）施动者: * the agent of his own ruin 他自我毁灭的根源. (b) force or substance that produces an effect or change 产生某种效果或变化的力量或物质; 动因; 作用物; 剂: * cleaning, oxidizing agents 除垢剂、 氧化剂 * Yeast is the raising agent in bread. 酵母是面包的发酵剂. 3 = secret agent (secret): * an enemy agent 敌探.

agent provocateur
[7AVCn prE7vCkE'tE:(r); 5aV7an pro7vakE'tE] (pl agents provocateurs[7AVCn prE7vCkE'tE:(r); 5aV7an pro7vakE'tE] ) (French 法) person employed to help in catching suspected criminals by tempting them to act illegally （受雇诱使嫌疑犯触犯刑律以便将之逮捕的）密探, 坐探.

agglomerate
[E'glCmEreit; E'glamE7ret] v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become collected into a mass （使某物）成团, 结块, 凝聚. 派生： agglomerate/E'glCmErEt; E'glamE7rEt] n [U] (geology 地质) fragments of (esp volcanic) rock fused together in a mass （尤指火山岩的）集块石. agglomerate adj formed or growing into a mass 成团的; 结块的; 凝聚的. agglomeration/E7glCmE'reiFn; E7glamE'reFEn] n 1 [U] action of agglomerating 成团; 结块; 凝聚. 2 [C] (esp untidy) collection of objects （尤指不整齐的）聚集; 堆: * an ugly agglomeration of new buildings 一大片杂乱难看的新建 物.

agglutinate
[E'glu:tineit; - -tEn-; E'glutn7et] v [I, Tn] join together as with glue; combine （使）粘结; （使）粘着; （使）结合. > agglutination/E7glu:ti'neiFn; - -tE'n-; E7glutn'eFEn] n [U]. agglutinative/E'glu:tinEtiv; - -tEneitiv; E'glutn7etiv] adj: * Agglutinative languages 黏着型语言.

aggrandize, aggrandise
[E'grAndaiz; E'grAn7daiz] v [Tn] (fml 文) increase the power, rank, wealth or importance of (a person or country) 加大, 扩张, 增加（个人或国家的权力、 力量、 级别、 财富或重要性）. > aggrandizement, -isement/E'grAndizmEnt; E'grAndizmEnt] n [U]: * His sole aim is personal aggrandizement. 他唯一的目标就是要扩充个人的权势.

aggravate
[5AgrEveit; 5AgrE7vet] v [Tn] 1 make (a disease, a situation, an offence, etc) worse or more serious 使（疾病、 情况、 罪过等）恶化, 更坏, 加重, 加剧: * He aggravated his condition by leaving hospital too soon. 他因过早出院而使病情恶化. 2 (infml 口) irritate (sb); annoy 激怒; 惹恼: * He aggravates her just by looking at her. 他只是看着她就把她惹恼了. 派生： aggravating adj (infml 口) irritating; annoying 激怒的; 惹恼的: Constant interruptions are very aggravating when you're trying to work. 要工作的时候, 接连不断的干扰就使人非常恼火. aggravation[7AgrE'veiFn; 7AgrE'veFEn] n 1 [U] making more serious; irritation 恶化; 激怒. 2 [C] thing that annoys 恼人的事物: * minor aggravations 小别扭.

aggregate
1[5Agrigeit; 5Agri7get] v 1 [I, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (to sth) (fml 文) be formed or bring sb into an assembled group or amount （使）聚集; （使）集合: * aggregating riches 聚集财富 * aggregate sb to a political party 吸收某人加入一政党. 2 [Tn] (infml 口) amount to (a total) 总计; 合计: * The television audience aggregated 30 millions. 电视观众合计达3000万人. > aggregation[7gri5geiFn; 7Agri5geFEn] n [U, C].

aggression
[E'greFn; E'greFEn] n 1 [C, U] (instance of) unprovoked attacking or hostility by one country against another 侵略: * an act of open aggression 公然的侵略行动. 2 [U] (psychology 心) hostile feelings or behaviour 敌对的情绪或行为; 攻击行动: * She was always full of aggression as a child. 她自幼心中就充满了敌对情绪.

aggressive
[E'gresiv; E'gresiv] adj 1 (a) (of people or animals) apt or ready to attack; offensive; quarrelsome （指人或动物）侵略的, 好攻击的, 好寻 的, 好争吵的: * dogs trained to be aggressive 训练成攻击型的狗 * Aggressive nations threaten world peace. 侵略成性的国家威胁世界和平. (b) (of things or actions) for or of an attack; offensive （指事物或行动）攻击性的: * aggressive weapons 攻击性的武器. 2 (often approv 常作褒义) forceful; self-assertive 强有力的; 坚持己见的: * A good salesman must be aggressive if he wants to succeed. 要做个好推销员一定要有闯劲才能成功. > aggressively adv. aggressiveness n [U].

aggressor
[E'gresE(r); E'gresl] n person or country that attacks first, without being provoked （无故而首先发动攻击的）个人或国家; 寻 攻击者; 侵略者; 侵略国: * armed aggressors 武装的侵略者 * [attrib 作定语] the aggressor nation 侵略国.

aggrieved
[E'gri:vd; E'grivd] adj ~ (at/over sth) made to feel resentful (because of unfair treatment, etc) （因受到不公平对待等而感到）愤恨的; 愤愤不平的; 受屈的: * feel much aggrieved at losing one's job 对失去工作感到极大怨恨 * I was aggrieved to find that someone had used my toothbrush. 我发现有人用过我的牙刷, 我很不高兴. * the aggrieved party, eg in a legal case 受冤屈的一方（如案件中）.

aggro
[5AgrEu; 5Agro] n [U] (Brit sl 俚) violent aggressive behaviour intended to cause trouble 闹事; 滋事; 寻 : * Don't give me any aggro or I'll call the police! 你别找茬儿闹事, 要不然我就叫警察了!

aghast
[E'ga:st; - E'gAst; E'gAst] adj [pred 作表语] ~ (at sth) filled with horror or amazement 惊恐; 惊奇: * He stood aghast at the terrible sight. 他被那可怕的景象吓呆了.

agile
[5AdVail; - 'AdVl; 5AdVEl] adj able to move quickly and easily; active; nimble 敏捷的; 灵活的; 活泼的; 机敏的: * as agile as a monkey 像猴子那麽敏捷 * (fig 比喻) an agile mind/brain 敏捷的才思[机敏的头脑]. > agilely adv. agility/E'dVilEti; E'dVilEti] n [U].

aging
=> age2.

agitate
[5AdViteit; 5AdVE7tet] v 1 [Tn] cause anxiety to (a person, his feelings, etc); disturb; excite 使（人、 感情等）产生忧虑; 搅乱; 激动: * She was agitated by his sudden appearance at the party. 他在聚会中突然出现, 使她心烦意乱. 2 [Ipr] ~ for/against sth argue publicly or campaign for/against sth 煽动; 鼓动; 鼓吹: * agitate for tax reform 鼓吹税制改革 * agitate against nuclear weapons 鼓动反对核武器. 3 [Tn] stir or shake (a liquid) briskly 搅动或摇动（液体）: * Agitate the mixture to dissolve the powder. 搅动混合物而使粉末溶化. 派生： agitated adj troubled or excited 焦虑的; 激动的: Don't get all agitated! 不要那麽激动! agitation[7dVi'teiFn; 7AdVE'teFEn] n 1 [U] disturbed state of mind or feelings; anxiety 烦乱; 心焦; 忧虑: * She was in a state of great agitation. 她极度心慌意乱. 2 (a) [C, U] public discussion for or against sth 公开辩论; 大辩论: * women leading the agitation for equal rights 为争取男女平等而带头辩论的妇女们. (b) [U] serious public concern or unrest connected with such discussion （因受鼓动而引起公众的）关注, 不安, 骚动. agitator n 1 person who stirs up public opinion, esp on a political matter 鼓动者, 煽动者（尤指在政治方面）. 2 device for shaking or mixing a liquid 液体搅拌器.

agitprop
[5AdVitprCp; 5AdVit7prap] n [U] Former Russian Communist propaganda, usu in the form of literature, music or art 前苏联共产党的宣传鼓动（通常为寓於文学、 音乐或艺术中者）.

aglow
[E'glEu; E'glo] adv, adj [pred 作表语] glowing; shining with warmth and colour 发红光; 发热; 发光彩: * Christmas trees aglow with coloured lights 张灯结彩的圣诞树. * (fig 比喻) happy children's faces all aglow 快乐的儿童满面红光.

AGM
[7ei dVi: 'em; 7e dVi 'em] abbr 缩写 = (esp Brit) annual general meeting 年会: * report to the AGM 向年会报告.

agnail
[5Agneil; 5Ag7nel] n = hangnail.

agnostic
[Ag'nCstik; Ag'nastik] n person who believes that nothing can be known about the existence of God or of anything except material things 不可知论者（对於上帝或除物质以外的任何事物是否存在, 认为不可能知道的人）. 派生： agnostic adj holding this belief 不可知论的. agnosticism/Ag'nCstisizEm; Ag'nastE7sizEm] n [U].

ago
[E'gEu; E'go] adv (used after the word or phrase it modifies, esp with the simple past tense, not with the perfect tense 用於其所修饰的词语之後, 尤与简单过去时态连用而不与完成时态连用) gone by; in the past 前; 以前: * ten years ago 十年前 * not long ago 不久以前 * It happened a few minutes ago. 那是几分钟以前发生的事. * How long ago is it that you last saw her? 你上一次看见她是多久以前的事? * It was seven years ago that my brother died. 我哥哥是七年前死的. =>Usage at recent 用法见recent.

agog
[E'gCg; E'gag] adj [pred 作表语] eager; excited 渴望; 急切; 兴奋; 激动: * agog with curiosity 因好奇而兴奋的 * be agog for news/to hear the news 亟待得到[听到]消息 * He was all agog at the surprise announcement. 他听到那突如其来的宣布, 大为激动.

agonize, agonise
[5AgEnaiz; 5AgE7naiz] v [I, Ipr] ~ (about/over sth) suffer great anxiety or worry intensely (about sth) （对某事物）极度忧虑或担心: * We agonized for hours about which wallpaper to buy. 对买哪种壁纸, 我们伤了几小时的脑筋. 派生： agonized, -ised adj expressing agony 表示痛苦的: an agonized look, scream 痛苦的表情、 尖叫声. agonizing, -ising adj causing agony 使人痛苦的: an agonizing pain, delay, decision 折磨人的疼痛、 恼人的耽搁、 痛苦的决定. agonizingly, -isingly adv: agonizingly slow 折磨人地缓慢.

agony
[5AgEni; 5AgEni] n 1 [U, C] extreme mental or physical suffering （精神或肉体的）极大痛苦: * The wounded man was in agony. 那受伤的人痛苦已极. * They suffered the agony of watching him burn to death. 他们眼巴巴见他活活烧死而五内如焚. * She was in an agony of indecision. 她陷於犹豫不决的痛苦之中. * He suffered agonies of remorse. 他饱受悔恨的煎熬. 2 (idm 习语) pile on the agony => pile3. prolong the agony => prolong. 复合： `agony aunt (Brit infml or joc 口或谑) person who writes replies to letters printed in an agony column(2) 读者来信专栏主持人. 参看下条 agony column(2). `agony column (Brit infml or joc 口或谑) 1 = personal column (personal). 2 part of a newspaper or magazine for letters from readers writing for advice about personal problems （报刊中关於个人疑难问题徵询意见的）读者来信专栏.

agoraphobia
[7AgErE'fEubiE; 7AgErE'fobiE] n [U] abnormal fear of being in open spaces 广场恐怖; 空旷恐惧; 恐旷症. 派生： agoraphobic[-'fEubik; -'fobik] n, adj (person) suffering from this fear 患恐旷症的（人）.

agr(o)-
comb form 构词成分 of soil 泥土的; 土壤的: agriculture * agronomy.

agrarian
[E'greEriEn; E'greriEn] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of the cultivation or ownership) of land （指耕种或所有权）土地的: * agrarian laws, problems, reforms 土地法、 问题、 改革.

agree
[E'gri:; E'gri] v 1 [I, Ipr, It] ~ (to sth) say `yes'; say that one is willing; consent (to sth) 同意; 愿意; 答应（某事物）: * I asked for a pay rise and she agreed. 我请求加薪, 她就答应了. * Is he going to agree to our suggestion? 他会同意我们的建议吗? * He agreed to let me go home early. 他同意让我早些回家. Cf 参看 refuse2. 2 (a) [I, Ipr, It, Tf, Tw] ~ (with sb) (about/on sth); ~ (with sb) (about sb); ~ (with sth) be in harmony (with sb); have or form a similar opinion (as sb)同意; 赞成; （与某人）意见一致: * When he said that, I had to agree. 他既然说出那样的话了, 我也只好同意了. * Do you agree with me about the need for more schools? 关於多建一些学校一事, 你同意我的意见吗? * We couldn't agree on a date/when to meet. 关於日期[什麽时候见面], 我们未能取得一致意见. * I agree with his analysis of the situation. 我同意他对情况的分析. * We agreed to start early. 我们赞成早些开始. * Do we all agree that the proposal is a good one? 我们是不是都一致认为这个建议很好? Cf 参看 disagree. (b) [Tn] reach the same opinion on (sth) 在（某事物）上取得一致的意见; 商定; 约定: * Can we agree a price? 我们能不能商定一个价格? * They met at the agreed time. 他们在约好的时间相见了. 3 [Tn] accept (sth) as correct; approve 认为（某事物）正确无误; 认可: * The tax inspector agreed the figures. 税务稽查员核准了这些数字. * Next year's budget has been agreed. 明年的预算已获通过. 4 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) be consistent (with sth); match （与某事物）相一致; 相符合; 相吻合: * The two accounts do not agree. 这两个帐目不相符. * Your account of the affair does not agree with mine. 这件事你的说法和我的说法不一致. Cf 参看 disagree. 5 [I, Ip] ~ (together) be happy together; enjoy each other's company 合得来; 相投: * Brothers and sisters never seem to agree. 兄弟姐妹好像总是合不来. Cf agree1 /// 6 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) (grammar) correspond (with a word or phrase) in number, person, etc （与一个词或词组在数、 人称等上）一致: * The verb agrees with its subject in number and person. 动词在数和人称上与主语一致. Cf 参看 disagree. 7 (idm 习语) a,gree to `differ accept differences of opinion, esp in order to avoid further argument 承认有分歧, 保留不同意见（尤用於为避免进一步争论）: * We must agree to differ on this. 我们得承认在这一问题上有分歧. be agreed (on/about sth); be agreed (that...) (with it or a plural subject 与it或复数主语连用) have reached an agreement 达成协议; 意见一致: * Are we all agreed on the best course of action? 我们是否都一致同意这一最佳措施? * It was agreed that another meeting was necessary. 大家一致认为有必要再开一次会. ,couldn't agree (with sb) `more agree completely with sb 与某人意见完全一致: * `The scheme's bound to fail.’ `I couldn't agree more!’ ‘这项计划注定要失败.’‘你说得太对了!’ 8 (phr v) agree with sb (esp in negative sentences or questions 尤用於否定句或疑问句) suit sb's health or digestion （对某人的健康或胃口）适合: * The humid climate didn't agree with him. 那潮湿的气候对他不合适. * I like mushrooms but unfortunately they don't agree with me, ie they make me ill if I eat them. 我喜欢吃蘑菇, 可惜吃了难受（我吃了以後不舒服）.

agreeable
[E'gri:Ebl; E'griEbl] adj 1 pleasing; giving pleasure 令人喜悦的; 令人愉快的; 宜人的: * agreeable weather 宜人的天气 * agreeable company 合得来的同伴 * I found him most agreeable. 我觉得他极易相处. 2 [pred 作表语] ~ (to sth) ready to agree 准备同意; 欣然同意: * If you're agreeable to our proposal, we'll go ahead. 如果你同意我们的建议, 我们就进行了. * I'll invite her, if you're agreeable to her coming. 如果你乐意她来的话, 我就请她. 派生： agreeably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv pleasantly 愉快地; 欣然: * agreeably surprised 惊喜交加.

agreement
[E'gri:mEnt; E'grimEnt] n 1 [C] arrangement, promise or contract made with sb 协定; 协议; 承诺; 合约: * Please sign the agreement. 请签协议. * An agreement with the employers was finally worked out. 与雇主们的协议终於达成了. * They have broken the agreement between us. 他们撕毁了与我们的协议. 2 [U] harmony in opinion or feeling （意见或感情）协调, 相合, 一致: * The two sides failed to reach agreement. 双方未能取得一致意见. * There is little agreement as to what our policy should be. 我们的方针政策应该怎样, 几乎没有一致的意见. * Are we in agreement about the price? 我们对价格的意见一致吗? 3 [U] (grammar) having the same number, gender, case or person （数、 性、 格或人称）一致: * agreement between subject and verb 主语与动词一致.4 (idm 习语) a gentleman's agreement => gentleman.

agriculture
[5AgrikQltFE(r); 5Agri7kQltFl] n [U] science or practice of cultivating the land and rearing animals; farming 农学; 农业. > agricultural[7Agri5kQltFErEl;7Agri5kQltFErEl] adj: * agricultural land, workers, machinery 农业用地、 工作者、 机械. agriculturally adv. agriculturist[7Agri5kQltFErist; 7Agri5kQltFErist] n.

agronomy
[E'grCnEmi; E'granEmi] n [U] science of controlling the soil to produce crops 农学; 农艺学; 作物学. > agronomist/E'grCnEmist; E'granEmist] n.

aground
[E'graund; E'graund] adv, adj [pred 作表语] (of ships) touching the bottom in shallow water （指船）搁浅: * The tanker was/went/ran aground. 油船搁浅了.

ah
[a:; a] interj (used to express surprise, delight, admiration, sympathy, etc 用以表示惊奇、 喜悦、 赞美、 同情等): * Ah, 5there you are. 啊, 原来你在这儿. Ah, good, here's the bus. 啊, 太好了, 公共汽车来了. Ah, what a lovely baby! 啊, 多可爱的小孩儿! Ah well, never mind. 啊, 好啦, 没什麽.

aha
[a:'ha:; a'ha] interj (used esp to express surprise or triumph 尤用以表示惊奇或胜利): * Aha, so that's where she hides her money! 啊哈, 原来她把钱藏在这儿了!

ahead
[E'hed; E'hed] adv ~ (of sb/sth) further forward in space or time （在空间或时间上）向前, 往前, 朝前; 在前: * He ran ahead. 他跑在前面. * The way ahead was blocked by fallen trees. 前面的路被倒下的树挡住了. * The time to relax is when we're ahead, eg in advance of our working schedule. 我们提前完成, 才是休息的时候（如提前完成工作计划）. 复合： a`head of prep 1 further forward in space or time than (sb/sth); in front of （在空间或时间上比某人[某事物]）更前, 更早: Directly ahead of us is the royal palace. 我们正前方就是皇宫. * London is about five hours ahead of New York. 伦敦时间比纽约早五小时左右. * Ahead of us lay ten days of intensive training. 我们当前有十天的强化训练. 2 in the lead over (sb/sth); further advanced than 处於（某人[某事物]）的领先地位; 比...更先进; 领先: She was always well ahead of the rest of the class. 她在班上总是遥遥领先. * His ideas were (way) ahead of his time. 他的思想比他所处的时代先进（得多）.

ahem
[E'hEm; E'hem] interj (used in writing to indicate the noise made when clearing the throat, esp to get sb's attention, express disapproval or gain time 书面语中用以表示清嗓子的声音, 尤用以引人注意、 表示不以为然或用以赢得时间): * Ahem, might I make a suggestion? 啊哼, 我可以提个建议吗?

ahoy
[E'hCi; E'hCi] interj (cry used by seamen to call attention 船员们用以引人注意的呼喊声): * Ahoy there! 啊! * Land/Ship ahoy! ie There is land/a ship in sight. 啊, 看到陆地[船]了!

AI
[7ei 'ai; 7e 'ai] abbr 缩写 = (computing 计) artificial intelligence.

aid
[eid; ed] n 1 [U] help 帮助; 援助: * with the aid of a friend 在朋友的帮助下 * legal aid 法律援助 * She came quickly to his aid, ie to help him. 她急忙来帮助他. 2 [C] thing or person that helps 有助之物或人: * a `hearing aid 助听器 * `teaching aids 教具 * visual `aids, eg pictures, films, etc used in teaching 视觉教具（如用於教学中的图片、 影片等）. 3 [U] food, money, etc sent to a country to help it （帮助某国的食物、 金钱等）援助: * How much overseas/foreign aid does Britain give? 英国在援外方面做出多少贡献? * [attrib 作定语] medical `aid programmes 医疗援助计划. 4 (idm 习语) in aid of sth/sb in support of sth/sb 以支援或帮助某事物[某人]: * collect money in aid of charity 为资助慈善事业募捐. what's (all) this, etc in aid of? (infml 口) what is the purpose of this, etc? 这个（等）有什麽用（意）?: * Now then, what's all this crying in aid of? 得啦, 还有什麽好哭的? 派生： aid v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tnt] ~ sb (in/with sth) (fml 文) help sb 帮助某人. 2 (idm 习语) ,aid and a`bet (esp law 尤用於法律) encourage or help (sb) in some criminal activity 怂恿或协助（某人）犯罪.

aide
[eid; ed] n 1 = aide-de-camp. 2 (esp US) assistant 助手: * the chief aides to the President 总统的主要助手们.

ail
[eil; el] v [Tn] (arch 古) trouble (sb) in body or mind (used esp as in the expression shown) 使（某人）痛苦或烦恼（尤用於以下示例）: * What ails you? 你有什麽烦恼? 派生： ailing adj unwell; ill 不舒服; 生病; 有病: My wife is ailing. 我的妻子病了. * (fig 比喻) the ailing economy 病态的经济.

aileron
[5eilErCn; 5elE7ran] n hinged part of the wing of an aircraft, used to control its balance while it is flying 副翼（飞机的机翼上控制飞行平衡的活动辅助翼）. =>illus at aircraft 见aircraft之插图.

ailment
[5eilmEnt; 5elmEnt] n illness, esp a slight one 疾病（尤指轻病）; 小病: * He's prone to minor ailments. 他动不动就生点儿病.

aim
1[eim; em] v 1 (a) [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (at sth/sb) point or direct (a weapon, blow, missile, etc) towards an object 瞄准; 对准: * You're not aiming straight. 你瞄得不准. * He aimed (his gun) at the target, fired and missed it. 他（用枪）瞄准目标开火, 却未打中. * The punch was aimed at his opponent's head. 那一拳是冲着对手的头打去的. (b) [I, Ipr] ~ (at/for sth) direct one's efforts (in the specified direction) （向某方向）努力; 力争: * He has always aimed high, ie been ambitious. 他总是志气很高. * She's aiming at (ie trying to win) a scholarship. 她争取获得奖学金. (c) [Tn.pr] ~ sth at sb direct (a comment, criticism, etc) at sb （评论、 批评等）针对某人: * My remarks were not aimed at you. 我的话并非针对你说的. 2 [Ipr, It] ~ at doing sth intend or try to do sth 意欲、 企图、 力求做某事物: * We must aim at increasing/to increase exports. 我们要力求增加出口货物.

aimless
[5eimlis; 5emlis] adj having no purpose 无目的的; 无目标的: * aimless wanderings 无目的地四处流浪 * lead an aimless life 过着没有目标的生活. > aimlessly adv: * drift aimlessly from job to job 漫无目标地不断更换工作. aimlessness n [U].

ain't
[eint; ent] contracted form 缩约式 (non-standard or joc 不规范或谑) 1 am/is/are not: * Things ain't what they used to be. 情况不像过去那样了. 2 has/have not: * You ain't seen nothing yet. 你什麽也没看见.

air
1[eE(r); er] n 1 [U] mixture of gases surrounding the earth and breathed by all land animals and plants 空气: * Let's go out for some fresh air. 咱们出去呼吸点儿新鲜空气吧. 2 [U] (a) the earth's atmosphere; open space in this 大气; 天空: * the birds of the air 天空的鸟 * be in the open air 露天. (b) the earth's atmosphere as the place where aircraft fly 空中: * send goods by air 空运货物 * travel by air, ie in an aircraft 乘飞机 * The site of the old fort is clearly visible from the air. 古堡的遗址在空中看得很清楚. * [attrib 作定语] air travel, transport, traffic, freight 航空旅行、 运输、 交通、 货运. 3 [C] impression given; appearance or manner 给人的印象; 外貌; 态度: * smile with a triumphant air 带着胜利神情的微笑 * do things with an air, ie confidently 很神气地（有信心地）做事情 * The place has an air of mystery (about it), ie looks mysterious. 那地方有一种神秘的气氛（环绕着）. 4 [C] (dated 旧) melody; tune 旋律; 曲调: * Bach's Air on a G String 巴赫的G弦之歌. 5 [C] (dated 旧) light wind; breeze 微风; 和风. 6 (idm 习语) ,airs and `graces (derog 贬) affected manner intended (usu unsuccessfully) to make one appear a very refined person 矫揉造作; 惺惺作态. a breath of fresh air => breath. castles in the air => castle. a change of air/climate => change2. clear the air => clear3. give oneself/put on `airs behave in an unnatural or affected way in order to impress others 装模作样; 装腔作势. hot air => hot. in the `air (a) in circulation; current 在流传中; 流行的: * There's (a feeling of) unrest in the air. 四处充满了不安（的感觉）. (b) uncertain; undecided 未确定的; 悬而未决的: * Our plans are still (up) in the air. 我们的计划仍悬而未决. in the open air => open1. light as air/as a feather => light3. ,on/,off the `air broadcast(ing)[not broadcast(ing) on radio or television （无线电或电视）广播[停播]:

air1
* This channel comes on the air every morning at 7 am. 这个频道每天早晨7点钟开始播放. * We'll be off the air for the summer and returning for a new series in the autumn. 我们将於夏季停播而於秋季开始播放一套新节目. ,take the `air (dated or fml 旧或文) go out of doors in order to enjoy the fresh air 到户外呼吸新鲜空气. tread on air => tread. vanish, etc into thin air => thin. with one's nose in the air => nose1. 复合： `air base place from which military aircraft operate 空军基地. `air-bed n mattress that can be filled with air 充气床垫. `air-bladder n (in animals and plants) bladder filled with air （动植物的）充有气体的囊, 鳔, 气囊. `air brake brake worked by air pressure 气闸; 气压制动器. `airbrush n device for spraying paint by means of compressed air （喷颜料的）气笔; 喷枪. `Airbus n (propr 专利名) aircraft operating regularly and often over short or medium distances 中短程班机. ,Air Chief `Marshal (Brit) second highest rank in the Royal Air Force （皇家空军）空军上将. ,air `commodore (Brit) officer of the Royal Air Force next below Air Vice-Marshal （皇家空军）空军准将. `air-conditioning n [U] system controlling the humidity and temperature of the air in a room or building 空气调节系统（控制室内或建 物内空气湿度和温度的系统）. `air-conditioned adj: an air-conditioned office 有空气调节设备的办公室 * Is the house air-conditioned? 这所房子是空气调节的吗? airconditioner n. ,air-`cooled adj cooled by a current of air 空气冷却的: an ,air-cooled `engine 空气冷却的发动机. `aircrew n [CGp] crew of an aircraft 空勤人员; 空勤组. `air-cushion n 1 cushion that can be filled with air 气垫（可充气的垫子）. 2 layer of air supporting eg a hovercraft 气垫（支撑如气垫船的空气层）. `airfield n area of open level ground equipped with hangars and runways for

air2
(esp military) aircraft （尤指军用）飞机场. `air force [CGp] branch of the armed forces that uses aircraft for attack and defence 空军: the Royal Air Force 皇家空军 * [attrib 作定语] air force officers 空军军官. `airgun n (also `air rifle) gun that fires pellets by means of compressed air 气枪. `air hostess stewardess in a passenger aircraft （客机上的）女服务员, 空中小姐. `air letter single sheet of light paper folded to form a letter that may be sent cheaply by airmail 航空邮笺（单页薄纸摺成的航空信件, 邮资较廉）. `airlift n transport of supplies, troops, etc by aircraft, esp in an emergency or when other routes are blocked 空运（尤指於紧急时期或其它通路封闭时, 运送补给、 军队等）: an emergency airlift of food to the famine-stricken areas 紧急空运食物至饥荒灾区. v [Tn] transport (people, supplies, etc) in this way （此种）空运（人, 物资等）: Civilians trapped in the beleaguered city have been airlifted to safety. 被围困在城里的老百姓已空运到安全地区. `airline n [CGp] company or service providing regular flights for public use （有定期班机为民众使用的）航空公司, 航空服务: [attrib 作定语] an airline pilot 民航飞机驾驶员. `airliner n large passenger aircraft （大型民航）班机. `airlock n 1 stoppage in the flow of liquid in a pump or pipe, caused by a bubble of air 气塞（液泵或液管中阻止液体流动的气泡堵塞）. 2 compartment with an airtight door at each end, providing access to a pressurized chamber 气闸室（两端有密闭门可通往增压室）. `airmail n [U] mail carried by air 航空邮件: send a letter (by) airmail 寄航空信 * [attrib 作定语] an airmail envelope 航空信封 * an airmail edition, eg of a newspaper or magazine, printed on special light paper 航空版（如用特种薄纸印的报刊）. v [Tn] send (sth) by airmail 用航空邮寄（某物）. `airman[-mEn; -mEn]

air3
n (pl `airmen[-mEn; -mEn] ) 1 pilot or member of the crew of an aircraft 飞机驾驶员或乘务员. 2 (Brit) member of the Royal Air Force, esp below the rank of a commissioned officer 皇家空军人员（尤指军阶低於少尉者）. =>App 9 见附录9. ,Air `Marshal (Brit) third highest rank in the Royal Air Force （皇家空军）空军中将. =>App 9 见附录9. `airplane n (US) = aeroplane. `air pocket partial vacuum in the air causing aircraft in flight to drop suddenly 气阱（大气中的半真空状态, 可造成飞行中的飞机突然下坠）. `airport n large area where civil aircraft land and take off, usu with facilities for passengers and goods, and customs （民航）飞机场; 航空站. `air pump device for pumping air into or out of sth 气泵. `air raid attack by aircraft dropping bombs 空袭: Many civilians were killed in the air raids on London. 在伦敦遭空袭时, 有很多老百姓遇难. * [attrib 作定语] an air-raid warning, shelter 空袭警报、 防空洞. air rifle = airgun. ,air-sea `rescue (organization for the) rescue of people from the sea using aircraft 海空救援, 海空救护队（用飞行器从海中救人）. `airship n aircraft filled with gas and driven by engines 飞艇; 飞船. `airsick adj feeling sick as a result of travelling in an aircraft 晕机的. `airsickness n [U]. `airspace n [U] part of the earth's atmosphere above a country and legally controlled by that country 空域; 领空: a violation of British airspace by foreign aircraft, ie flying over Britain without permission 外国飞机对英国领空的侵犯. `air speed speed of an aircraft relative to the air through which it is moving 空速（飞行器与其所穿过的空气的相对速度）. Cf 参看 ground speed (ground1). `airstrip (also landing-field, landing-strip) n strip of ground cleared for aircraft to land and take off （为飞机起落而开辟的）简易跑道.

air4
`air terminal building in a town providing transport to and from an airport 航空终点站（为往返於机场提供交通工具的市内集散处）. `airtight adj not allowing air to enter or escape 不透气的; 密闭的; 密封的. ,air-to-`air adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] from one aircraft to another in flight 空对空的（在飞行中从一飞行器到另一飞行器的）: an air-to-air missile 空对空导弹. air traffic controller person at an airport who gives radio instructions to pilots wishing to take off or land 空中交通管制员, 航空调度员（在飞机场向要起飞或降落的飞行员发出无线电指示的人员）. air traffic control organization within which such a person works 空中交通管制. ,Air Vice `Marshal (Brit) fourth highest rank in the Royal Air Force （皇家空军）空军少将. =>App 9 见附录9. `air-waves n [pl] radio waves 无线电波. `airway n 1 ventilating passage (eg in a mine) 通气道（如矿井中者）. 2 route regularly taken by aircraft 航线（飞机航行所循的固定路线）. `airwoman n (pl -women) 1 woman pilot or member of the crew of an aircraft 女飞行员; 女空勤人员. 2 (Brit) member of the Women's Royal Air Force, esp below the rank of commissioned officer （女）皇家空军人员（尤指军阶低於少尉者）. `airworthy adj (of aircraft) fit to fly; in good working order （指飞行器）适航的; 飞行性能良好的. airworthiness n [U].

airborne
[5eEbC:n; 5er7bCrn] adj (a) [attrib 作定语] transported by the air 空运的; 空中传播的; 空气传播的; 风媒的: * airborne seeds 空气传播的种子. (b) [pred 作表语] (of aircraft) in the air after taking off （指飞行器）起飞後在飞行中: * Smoking is forbidden until the plane is airborne. 飞机升空时禁止吸烟. (c) [attrib 作定语] (of troops) specially trained for operations using aircraft （指部队）受过空战训练的: * an airborne division 空降师.

aircraft
[5eEkra:ft; 5er7krAft] n (pl unchanged 复数不变) any machine or structure that can fly in the air and is regarded as a vehicle or carrier 飞行器（可在空中飞行作运载用的任何机器或建造物）; 航空器; 飞机; 飞艇; . =>illus 见插图. 复合： `aircraft-carrier n ship that carries aircraft and is used as a base for landing and taking off 航空母舰. `aircraftman[-mEn; -mEn] n (pl -men[-mEn; -mEn] ) (Brit) lowest rank in the Royal Air Force （皇家空军）空军士兵. `aircraftwoman n (pl -women[-wimin; -wimin] ) (Brit) lowest rank in the Women's Royal Air Force （皇家空军）空军女兵.

airless
[5eElis; 5erlis] adj 1 not having enough fresh air; stuffy 缺少新鲜空气的; 不通风的: * an airless room 空气不流通的房间. 2 without a breeze; calm and still 无风的; 平静的: * It was a hot, airless evening. 那是一个闷热的晚上.

airy
[5eEri; 5eri] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 having plenty of fresh air moving about; well-ventilated 空气流通的; 通风的: * The office was light and airy. 那间办公室又明亮又通风. 2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (a) light as air 像空气一样轻的; 轻飘飘的: * an airy silk gauze 轻飘飘的丝质薄纱. (b) (fig 比喻) without substance; not sincere 无实质的; 不诚恳的: * an airy promise, ie one that is unlikely to be kept 轻诺. (c) carefree and light-hearted 无忧无虑的; 轻松的; 漫不经心的: * an airy manner 轻松的样子 * an airy disregard for the law 对法律满不在乎. 派生： airily[5eErEli; 5erEli] adv in a carefree light-hearted manner 无忧无虑地; 轻松地; 漫不经心地: * `I don't care,’ he said airily. ‘我才不在乎呢,’他漫不经心地说. 复合： ,airy-`fairy adj (infml derog 口, 贬) not practical or realistic 不实际的; 不现实的: airy-fairy notions 异想天开的想法 * The scheme seems a bit airy-fairy to me. 这个计划我看有些不着边际.

aisle
[ail; ail] n 1 side passage in a church that is divided by a row of pillars from the nave （教堂内用列柱与中堂分隔的）侧廊, 走道. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page viii. 2 passage between rows of seats in a church, theatre, railway carriage, etc （教堂、 剧院、 客车车厢等内座位间的）通道, 走道. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page ix. 3 (idm 习语) knock them in the aisles => knock2. rolling in the aisles => roll.

aitch
[eitF; etF] n 1 the letter H H字母. 2 (idm 习语) drop one's aitches => drop2.

aitchbone
[5eitFbEun; 5etF7bon] n (a) rump-bone of an animal 动物的臀骨. (b) piece of beef cut from the part above this bone （牛的）臀骨肉.

ajar
[E'dVa:(r); E'dVar] adj [pred 作表语] (of a door) slightly open （指门）微开着, 半开着: * The door was/stood ajar. 那扇门半开着. * leave the door ajar 让门半开着.

aka
abbr 缩写 = (esp US) also known as 又名; 亦称: Antonio Fratelli, aka `Big Tony' 安东尼奥．弗拉特里, 又叫‘大托尼’.

akimbo
[E'kimbEu; E'kimbo] adv (idm 习语) with arms akimbo => arm. =>illus at arm 见arm之插图.

akin
[E'kin; E'kin] adj [pred 作表语] ~ (to sth) similar; related 近似; 有关系: * He felt something akin to pity. 他感到有一种近於怜悯的感情. * Pity and love are closely akin. 怜悯近乎爱.

alabaster
[5AlEba:stE(r); - -bs-; 5AlE7bAstl] n [U] soft (usu white) stone, like marble in appearance, often carved to make ornaments 雪花石膏（一种质软而通常为白色的石料, 貌似大理石, 常用以雕刻成装饰品）. 派生： alabaster adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (a) of alabaster 雪花石膏的: an alabaster vase 雪花石膏花瓶. (b) white or smooth like alabaster （像雪花石膏一样）白润光滑的: her alabaster complexion 她那白润光滑的肌肤.

alacrity
[E'lAkrEti; E'lAkrEti] n [U] (fml or rhet 文或修辞) prompt and eager readiness 爽快; 乐意: * He accepted her offer with alacrity. 他欣然接受了她的建议.

alarm
[E'la:m; E'larm] n 1 [C] (a) warning sound or signal 警报的声音或信号: * give/raise/sound the alarm 发出警报. (b) apparatus that gives such a warning 警报器; 警报装置: * Where's the fire alarm? 火警的警铃在哪里? 2 [C] = alarm clock. 3 [U] fear and excitement caused by the expectation of danger 惊慌; 恐慌: * This news fills me with alarm. 这消息使我大为惊慌. * He jumped up in alarm. 他惊慌地跳了起来. * There's no cause for alarm. 不必惊慌. 4 (idm 习语) a false alarm => false. 派生： alarm v [Tn] give a warning or feeling of danger to (a person or an animal); frighten; disturb 警告或惊吓（人或动物）; 使惊觉; 惊动: I don't want to alarm you, but there's a strange man in your garden. 我并不想吓着你, 不过你的花园里可有个生人. * Alarmed by the noise, the birds flew away. 那声音把鸟吓飞了. alarmed adj [pred 作表语] ~ (at/by sth) anxious or afraid 担心; 害怕: I'm rather alarmed (to hear) that you're planning to leave the company. （听说）你打算脱离这个公司, 我有些担心. alarming adj causing fear; disturbing 使人害怕的; 吓人的; 扰乱人心的: an alarming increase in the number of burglaries 窃案惊人的增多 * The report is most alarming. 这个报告最为扰乱人心. alarmingly adv: Prices have increased alarmingly. 价格惊人地增长. alarmist n (derog 贬) person who alarms others unnecessarily or excessively 不必要地或过分地使他人惊慌的人. adj: alarmist warnings, forecasts, etc 危言耸听的警告、 预告等 * We mustn't be alarmist. 我们不要危言耸听. 复合： a`larm clock (also alarm) clock with a device that can be set to ring at a particular time, esp to wake sleepers 闹钟: set the alarm (clock) for six o'clock 把闹钟定在六点钟响.

alas
[E'ls; E'lAs] interj (dated or rhet 旧或修辞) (expressing sorrow or regret 表示悲哀或懊悔): * Alas, they've all sold out, madam. 哎呀, 都卖光了, 小姐.

albatross
[5AlbEtrCs; - also -trC:s; 5AlbE7trCs, -tras] n large white sea-bird with long wings, common in the Pacific and Southern Oceans 信天翁（白色长翼大海鸟, 常见於太平洋及南半球各海洋）.

albeit
[7C:l'bi:it; Cl'biit] conj (dated or fml 旧或文) although 虽然; 尽管: * I tried, albeit unsuccessfully, to contact him. 尽管并未与他联系上, 可是我已经尽力而为了. =>Usage at although 用法见although.

albino
[Al'bi:nEu; - -'bai-; Al'baino] n (pl ~s) person or animal born with no colouring pigment in the skin and hair (which are white) and the eyes (which are pink) 患白化病的人或动物（先天色素缺乏患者, 皮肤毛发呈白色, 眼呈粉红色）: * [attrib 作定语] an albino rabbit 患白化病的兔子.

album
[5AlbEm; 5AlbEm] n 1 book in which a collection of photographs, autographs, postage stamps, etc can be kept 收存照片、 签名手迹、 邮票等的册子. 2 long-playing record with several items by the same performer （有同一人的几项演唱或演奏的）歌集唱片: * This is one of the songs from/on her latest album. 这是她的最新歌集唱片里的一首歌. Cf 参看 single n 5.

albumen
[5Albjumin; - Al'bju:mEn; Al'bjumEn] n [U] 1 white of egg 蛋白; 蛋清. =>illus at egg 见egg之插图. 2 (botany 植) substance found in many seeds, esp the eatable part 胚乳.

albumin
[5Albjumin; - Al'bju:min; l'bjumin] n [U] protein found in egg-white, milk, blood and some plants 白蛋白.

alchemy
[5AlkEmi; 5AlkEmi] n [U] medieval form of chemistry, the chief aim of which was to discover how to turn ordinary metals into gold 炼金术（中世纪化学, 其主要目的是寻求将普通金属转变成黄金的方法）. 派生： alchemist[5AlkEmist; 5AlkEmist] n person who studied or practised alchemy 炼金术士.

alcohol
[5AlkEhCl; - -hC:l; 5AlkE7hCl] n 1 [U] (a) colourless liquid that can cause drunkenness, contained in drinks such as beer, wine, brandy and whisky 酒精. (b) this liquid used as a solvent and fuel 乙醇. 2 [U] drinks containing this 含酒精的饮料; 酒: * prohibit the sale of alcohol 禁止售酒 * I never touch (ie drink drinks that contain) alcohol. 我从不喝酒. 3 [U, C] chemical compound of the same type as alcohol 醇. 派生： alcoholic[7AlkE'hClik; - -'hC:l-; 7AlkE'hClik] adj 1 of or containing alcohol 酒精的; 含酒精的: * ,alcoholic `drinks 含酒精的饮料 * Home-made wine can be very alcoholic. 自制的酒有的酒性很烈. 2 [attrib 作定语] caused by drinking alcohol 由喝酒引起的: * be in an,alcoholic `stupor 醉得不省人事. n person who drinks too much alcohol or suffers from alcoholism 饮酒过度的人; 酒鬼; 酒精中毒的人. alcoholism[-izEm; -7izEm] n [U] (disease caused by) continual heavy drinking of alcohol 酒精中毒（症）.

alcove
[5AlkEuv; 5Alkov] n small space in a room, etc formed by part of the wall being set back; recess 壁凹（墙壁凹进处）; 凹室; 壁龛: * The bed fits neatly into the alcove. 床正好放进壁凹里.

alder
[5C:ldE(r); 5Cldl] n tree of the birch family, usu growing in marshy places 桤木（桦木科, 通常生长於沼泽地带）.

alderman
[5C:ldEmEn; 5CldlmEn] n (pl -men[-mEn;-mEn] ) 1 (Brit) (esp formerly) member of a county or borough council, next in rank below the mayor （尤指旧时地位仅次於市长的）高级市政官. 2 (US) (in some cities) member of the city council, representing a particular part of the city （某些城市中的）市参议员. > aldermanic[7C:ldE'mnik; 7Cldl'mAnik] adj.

ale
[eil; el] n 1 (a) [U, C] (used esp in compounds and phrases 尤用於复合词及词组中) (type of) strong beer, usu sold in bottles 浓啤酒（酒精浓度高、 通常为瓶装的啤酒）: * We sell a wide range of ales and stouts. 我们出售种类繁多的浓啤酒和黑啤酒. (b) [C] glass of ale 一杯浓啤酒: * Two light ales, please. 请来两杯淡的啤酒. 2 [U] (dated or dialect 旧或方) beer 啤酒: * a pint of ale 一品脱啤酒. 3 (idm 习语) cakes and ale => cake. 复合： `alehouse n (pl -houses[-hauziz; -hauziz] ) (arch 古) inn or tavern 客栈; 酒馆.

alert
[E'lE:t; E'lEt] adj ~ (to sth) attentive and quick to think or act 警惕的; 警觉的; 机警的: * be alert to possible dangers 对可能发生的危险有警觉 * The alert listener will have noticed the error. 耳朵尖的人能听出这个错. * Although he's over eighty his mind is still remarkably alert. 他虽已年逾八十, 但头脑仍十分机敏. 派生： alert n 1 (usu sing 通常作单数) (time of) special watchfulness before or during an attack 警戒（期间）: The troops were placed on full alert. 部队处於全面戒备状态. 2 warning given to prepare for danger or an attack 警报: give/receive the alert 发出[收到]警报. 3 (idm 习语) on the a`lert (against/for sth) watchful and prepared 警惕; 提防: Police warned the public to be on the alert for suspected terrorists. 警方警告群众警惕涉嫌的恐怖分子. alert v 1 [Tn] warn (soldiers, etc) to watch for danger and be ready to act 使（士兵等）警戒, 戒备: Why weren't the police alerted? 为什麽警方没戒备起来? 2 [Tn.pr] ~ sb to sth make sb aware of sth 提醒某人注意某事: alert staff to the crisis facing the company 提醒职员注意公司面临的危局. alertly adv. alertness n [U].

alfalfa
[Al'flfE; Al'fAlfE] n [U] (US) = lucerne.

alfresco
[Al'freskEu; Al'fresko] adj, adv in the open air 露天（的）; 在户外（的）: * an alfresco lunch 露天午餐 * lunching alfresco 在户外吃午饭.

algae
[5AldVi:, also 'Algai; 5AldVi] n [pl] (sing alga/ 5AlgE; `Al^E/) very simple plants with no true stems or leaves, found chiefly in water 藻; 藻类.

algebra
[5AldVibrE; 5AldVEbrE] n [U] branch of mathematics in which letters and symbols are used to represent quantities 代数学; 代数. > algebraic[7ldVi'breiik; 7AldVE'breik] adj. algebraically[-kli;-kli] adv.

ALGOL
(also Algol)[5AlgCl; 5Algal] abbr 缩写 = (computing 计) algorithmic oriented language, a high-level programming language 算法语言.

algorithm
[5AlgEriTEm; 5AlgE7riTEm] n (esp computing 尤作计算机术语) set of rules or procedures that must be followed in solving a problem 算法; 计算程序.

alias
[5eiliEs; 5eliEs] n name by which a person is called at other times or in other places; false name 别名; 化名; 假名: * The criminal Mick Clark has/uses several aliases. 那个叫米克．克拉克的罪犯有[使用]好几个化名. 派生： alias adv also (falsely) called 又名; 化名: Mick Clark, alias Sid Brown, is wanted for questioning by the police. 米克．克拉克, 又名锡德．布朗, 被警方通缉审问.

alibi
[5Alibai; 5AlE7bai] n 1 (law 律) formal statement or evidence that a person was in another place at the time of a crime 某人当时不在犯罪现场的申辩或证明: * The suspects all had good alibis for the day of the robbery. 所有疑犯都有在抢劫案发当天不在犯罪现场的充足证明. 2 (infml 口) excuse of any kind 藉口; 托辞: * Late again, Richard? What's your alibi this time?理查德, 又迟到了? 这次你有什麽藉口呢?

alien
[5eiliEn; 5eliEn] n 1 (fml or law 文或律) person who is not a naturalized citizen of the country in which he is living 外侨; 侨民; 外国人. 2 being from another world 从另一世界来的生物. 派生： alien adj 1 (a) foreign 外国的: an alien land 外国. (b) unfamiliar; strange 不熟悉的; 陌生的: an alien environment 陌生的环境 * alien customs 陌生的风俗习惯. 2 [pred 作表语] ~ to sth/sb contrary to sth; hateful to sb 与某事物相反; 使某人憎恨: Such principles are alien to our religion. 这些原则与我们的宗教信仰相抵触. * Cruelty was quite alien to his nature/to him. 残忍的行为与他的本性[与他]格格不入.

alienate
[5eiliEneit; 5eliEn7et] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from sb/sth) cause sb to become unfriendly or indifferent; estrange sb 使某人疏远或冷淡; 离间某人: * The Prime Minister's policy alienated many of her followers. 首相的政策使很多拥护她的人疏远了她. * Many artists feel alienated from society, ie feel they do not belong to it or have been rejected by it. 很多艺术家都感到与社会脱节. 2 [Tn] (law 律) transfer the ownership of (property) from one person to another 转让（财产）所有权; 让渡. 派生： alienation[7eiliE'neiFn; 7eliEn'eFEn] n [U] ~ (from sb/sth) alienating or being alienated; estrangement 疏远; 离间: * His criminal activities led to complete alienation from his family. 他的犯罪活动导致了他与家庭完全隔绝. * Mental illness can create a sense of alienation from the real world. 精神病能产生一种与现实世界脱离的感觉.

alight
1[E'lait; E'lait] adj [pred 作表语] on fire; lit 烧着; 点着: * A cigarette set the dry grass alight. 香烟把乾草点着了. * Her dress caught alight in the gas fire. 她的衣服让煤气炉烧着了. * (fig 比喻) Their faces were alight with joy. 他们因喜悦而容光焕发.

align
[E'lain; E'lain] v 1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) place or arrange (a thing or things) in a straight line 将（某物）放置或排列在一条直线上: * a row of trees aligned with the edge of the road 与路边成一直线的一排树. (b) [Tn] put (the parts of a machine) into the correct position in relation to each other 将（机器的部件）安装到相互间正确的位置上: * align the wheels of a car 校准汽车的轮子. 2 [Tn.pr] ~ oneself with sb join sb as an ally; come into agreement with sb 与某人结盟; 与某人一致: * The Communist Party has aligned itself with the Socialists. 共产党与社会党结成了联盟. 派生： alignment n [U, C] 1 arrangement in a straight line 排成直线: The sights of the gun must be in alignment with the target. 枪的瞄准器必须与射击目标对准成一线. 2 (esp political) arrangement in groups （尤指政治上的）联盟: the alignment of Japan with the West 日本与西方的联盟. 3 (idm 习语) out of alignment not in line 不成一直线.

alike
[E'laik; E'laik] adj [pred 作表语] like one another; similar 相同; 一样; 相似: * These two photographs are almost alike. 这两张照片几乎一样. * The twins don't look at all alike. 这对双胞胎一点儿都不像. * All music is alike to him, ie He cannot tell one kind from another. 各种音乐在他听来全都一样（他辨别不出音乐的种类）. 派生： alike adv in the same way 同样地: treat everybody exactly alike 一视同仁 * The climate here is always hot, summer and winter alike. 这里的气候总是那麽热, 夏季和冬季都一样.

alimentary
[7Ali'mentEri; 7AlE'mentEri] adj of food and digestion 食物及消化的. 复合： ,alimentary ca`nal tubular passage between the mouth and the anus through which food passes as it is digested 消化道.

alimony
[5AlimEni; - -mEuni; 5AlE7moni] n [U] allowance that a court may order a man to pay to his wife or former wife before or after a legal separation or divorce （经法院判决在分居或离婚以前或以後男方付给妻子或前妻的）赡养费. Cf 参看 maintenance 2.

alive
[E'laiv; E'laiv] adj [pred 作表语] 1 living; not dead 活着; 没死: * She was still alive when I reached the hospital. 当我赶到医院的时候, 她还活着呢. * Many people are still buried alive after the earthquake. 在地震过後, 仍有很多人被活生生埋着. 2 active; lively 活泼; 活动; 有活力: * You seem very much alive today. 你今天好像非常活跃. 3 in existence; continuing 存在着; 继续不断: * Newspaper reports kept interest in the story alive. 报纸报道的这件事一直很吸引人. 4 (idm 习语) a,live and `kicking (infml 口) still living, in good health and active 生气勃勃; 精神饱满; 活泼; 活跃: * You'll be glad to hear that Bill is alive and kicking. 比尔现在精神饱满, 你听了一定很高兴. (be) alive to sth aware of or responsive to sth 对某事物注意到的或敏感的: * He is fully alive to the possible dangers. 他充分注意到会有危险. (be) alive with sth full of (living or moving things) 充满（活的或动的东西）: * The lake was alive with fish. 湖里满是游来游去的鱼. ,look a`live hurry up; be brisk 赶快; 快些: * Look alive! You'll miss the bus. 快点儿啊! 你要赶不上公共汽车了.

alkali
[5AlkElai; 5AlkE7lai] n [C, U] (chemistry 化) any of a class of substances (eg caustic soda and ammonia) that neutralize acids and form caustic or corrosive solutions in water 硷. Cf 参看 acid1 1. > alkaline adj: * alkaline soil 硷性土壤. Cf 参看 acid2 3. alkalinity/lkE'liniti; 7AlkE'linEti] n [U].

all
1[C:l; Cl] indef det 1 (used with plural ns; the n may be preceded by the, this/that/these/those, my, his, her, etc or a cardinal number 与复数名词连用, 在名词前可用the、 this[that/these/those]my、 his、 her等, 也可用基数词) the whole number of 全部; 全数; 全体; 所有; 一切: * All horses are animals, but not all animals are horses. 所有的马都是动物, 但并非所有的动物都是马. * All the people you invited are coming. 你所邀请的人全都来. * All my plants have died. 我的花草全都死了. * All five men are hard workers. 他们五个人都很努力. 2 (used with uncountable ns; the n may be preceded by the, this/that or my, his, her, etc 与不可数名词连用, 在名词前可用the, this[that]或 my、 his、 her等) the whole amount of 全部; 全数; 所有; 一切: * All wood tends to shrink. 所有木头都会缩一些. * You've had all the fun and I've had all the hard work. 所有美事儿都是你的, 所有苦事儿都是我的. * All this mail must be answered. 这批信件都得回覆. 3 (used with singular ns denoting a period of time 与表示一段时间的单数名词连用) (for) the whole duration of 全; 整; 整个: * He's worked hard all year/month/week/day, ie throughout the year, etc. 他全年[整月/整星期/全天]都很努力. * She was abroad all last summer. 她去年整个夏天都在国外. * We were unemployed (for) all that time. 在整整那段时期我们都失业了. * He has lived all his life in London. 他一生都住在伦敦. =>Usage 见所附用法. 4 the greatest possible 极大限度的: * with all speed/haste/dispatch 全速[尽快/尽速] * in all honesty/frankness/sincerity, ie speaking with the greatest honesty, etc 最诚实地[坦白地/真诚地]. 5 any whatever 无论什麽; 任何: * Beyond all doubt (ie There can't be any doubt that) changes are coming. 毫无疑问, 要有变化了. * He denied all knowledge of the crime. 他声称对那罪行一无所知.

all1
6 (idm 习语) and all `that (jazz, rubbish, etc) (infml 口) and other similar things 诸如此类的: * I'm bored by history dates and battles and all that stuff. 我让历史科给烦透了--那些日期、 战争之类的事. for all => for1. not all that good, well, etc not particularly good, well, etc 不那麽美好、 完美等: * He doesn't sing all that well. 他唱得并不那麽好. not as bad(ly), etc as all `that not to the extent implied 不到那种程度; 不至於: * They're not as rich as all that. 他们并非那麽富有. 复合： ,All `Fools' Day = April Fool's Day (April). `all-night adj [attrib 作定语] lasting, functioning, etc throughout the night 通宵的: an all-night party, cafe, vigil 通宵的聚会、 咖啡馆、 熬夜. ,All `Saints' Day (also ,All `Hallows' Day) 1 November万圣节（11月1日）. ,All `Souls' Day 2 November 万灵节（11月2日）. `all-time adj [attrib 作定语] of all recorded time 有纪录以来的; 历来的; 空前的: one of the all-time great tennis players 历来最好的网球健将 * an all-time (ie unsurpassed) record 空前的纪录 * Profits are at an all-time low, ie lower than they have ever been. 利润空前地低. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: All and half can be used with countable and uncountable nouns. *all和half与可数名词和不可数名词连用均可. Both is used only with plural countable nouns and refers to two in number. *both只与复数的可数名词连用, 所指数目为二. 1 All three can come before a noun, often with a determiner (eg the, this, my). 这叁个词都可用於名词之前, 常与限定词（如 the、 this、 my）连用. Half must be followed by a determiner *half若用於名词之前, 其後必接一限定词: He's been here all (the) week. 他整个儿星期都在这里. * Half this money is yours. 这笔钱有一半是你的. * Both (our) cars are Fords. （我们的）两辆汽车都是福特牌的. * Both (the/his) parents are teachers. （他的）父母都是教师.

all2
2 All and both can come after a noun or pronoun *all和both均可用於名词或代词之後: The spectators all booed the teams. 全体观众都向两队喝倒彩. * His parents are both teachers. 他父母都是教师. * We all/both arrived late. 我们都[俩]来晚了. 3 All, both and half are used with of followed by a noun or a pronoun *all、 both和half都可与of连用, 其後接名词或代词: All/Half (of) the milk had been drunk. 所有的[有一半]奶已喝完. * Both (of) his brothers are lawyers. 他的两个哥哥都是律师. * All/Both/Half of us wanted to leave early. 我们大家[我们俩/有一半人]都想早些走.

Allah
[5AlE; 5AlE] n name of God among Muslims and among Arabs of all faiths 安拉, 真主（穆斯林及有各种不同信仰的阿拉伯人所信奉的神）.

allay
[E'lei; E'le] v [Tn] (fml 文) make (sth) less; relieve 减轻; 缓和: * allay trouble, fears, suffering, doubt, suspicion 减轻烦恼、 恐惧、 苦难、 疑惑、 嫌疑.

allegation
[7Ali'geiFn; 7AlE'geFEn] n 1 act of alleging 陈述; 宣称; 声称; 辩解. 2 statement made without proof （无证据的）陈词: * These are serious allegations. 这是很严重的提法.

allege
[E'ledV; E'ledV] v [Tf, Cn.n/a, Cn.t only passive 只用於被动语态] (fml 文) state (sth) as a fact but without proof; give as an argument or excuse （无证据地）陈述, 宣称, 声称（某事）; 辩解: * The prisoner alleges that he was at home on the night of the crime. 囚犯辩称案发当晚他在家中. * He alleged illness as the reason for his absence. 他称病缺席. * We were alleged to have brought goods into the country illegally. 我们被指控非法携带货物入境. 派生： alleged adj [attrib 作定语] stated without being proved （未经证实而）陈述的: the alleged culprit, ie the person said to be the culprit 被控的疑犯. allegedly/E 5ledVIdlI; E`lZdVIdlI/ adv: The novel was allegedly written by a computer. 那部小说据称是电脑写的.

allegiance
[E'li:dVEns; E'lidVEns] n [U] (fml 文) ~ (to sb/sth) support of or loyalty to a government, ruler, cause, etc （对政府、 统治者、 事业等的）拥护, 忠诚: * swear (an oath of) allegiance to the Queen 宣誓效忠女王.

allegory
[5AligEri; - 'AligC:ri; 5AlE7gCri] n [U, C] (style of a) story, painting or description in which the characters and events are meant as symbols of purity, truth, patience, etc 寓言（体）, 讽喻（风格）（以人物和事件象徵纯洁、 真理、 耐心等的故事、 绘画或叙述）. > allegorical[7Ali'gCrikl; - 7Ali'gC:rEkl; 5AlE7gCrikEl] adj. allegorically adv.

allegretto
[7Ali'gretEu; 7AlE'greto] adj, adv (music 音) fairly fast and lively 稍快而活泼（的）. 派生： allegretto n (pl ~s) piece of music (to be) played in this way 小快板的乐曲.

allegro
[E'leigrEu; E'legro] adj, adv (music 音) in quick time; fast and lively 快速（的）; 快速而活泼（的）. 派生： allegro n (pl ~s) piece of music (to be) played in this way 快板的乐曲.

alleluia
[7Ali'lu:jE; 7AlE'lujE] (also hallelujah) n, interj (song or shout expressing) praise to God 哈利路亚（表达赞美上帝的歌或欢呼）.

allergy
[5AlEdVi; 5AlldVi] n ~ (to sth) medical condition that produces an unfavourable reaction to certain foods, pollens, insect bites, etc （对某些食物、 花粉、 虫咬等的）变态反应性; 过敏症: * have an allergy to certain milk products 对某些奶制品有过敏反应. 派生： allergic/E'lE:dVik; E'lEdVik] adj 1 [pred 作表语] ~ (to sth) having an allergy 有变应性; 过敏性: * I like cats but unfortunately I'm allergic to them. 我很喜欢猫, 但可惜我对猫过敏. 2 caused by an allergy 由变态反应引起的; 由过敏引起的: * an allergic rash 变应疹. 3 [pred 作表语] ~ to sth (joc infml 谑, 口) having a strong dislike of sth （对某事物）有强烈反感: * I'm allergic to hard work! 我最讨厌累活儿!

alleviate
[E'li:vieit; E'livi7et] v [Tn] make (sth) less severe; ease 减轻; 缓和: * The doctor gave her an injection to alleviate the pain. 医生给她注射以减轻疼痛. * They alleviated the boredom of waiting by singing songs. 他们以唱歌来减轻等候的厌烦. > alleviation/E7li:vi'eiFn; E7livi'eFEn] n [U].

alley
[5Ali; 5Ali] n 1 (also `alley-way) narrow passage, esp between or behind houses or other buildings, usu for pedestrians only 胡同; 小巷. 2 path bordered by trees or hedges in a garden or park （花园或公园中由树木或树篱间成的）小径. =>Usage at road 用法见road. 3 long narrow area in which games like tenpin bowling and skittles are played （十柱及九柱滚木球戏[保龄球]等的长而窄的）滚道, 球道.

alliance
[E'laiEns; E'laiEns] n 1 [U] action or state of being joined or associated 结合; 结盟: * States seek to become stronger through alliance. 各国力求通过结盟而更加强大. 2 [C] union or association formed for mutual benefit, esp between families (by marriage), countries or organizations 联姻; 联盟; 联合: * enter into/break off an alliance with a neighbouring state 与邻国结成[解除]联盟. 3 (idm 习语) in alliance (with sb/sth) united; joined together 与...联合; 与...结合: * We are working in alliance with our foreign partners. 我们与外国合伙人联合一道工作.

allied
=> ally.

alligator
[5AligeitE(r); 5AlE7getl] n 1 [C] reptile of the crocodile family found esp in the rivers and lakes of tropical America and China 短吻α（α科爬行动物, 产於热带的美洲及中国的江河湖泊）. 2 [U] its skin made into leather 短吻α皮革: * [attrib 作定语] an alligator handbag α鱼皮手提包.

alliteration
[E7litE'reiFn; E7litE'reFEn] n [U] occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of two or more words in succession, as in sing a song of sixpence or as thick as thieves 头韵（连续的词语中出现的开头相同的字母或语音, 如在sing a song of sixpence或在as thick as thieves中者）. > alliterative/E'litrEtiv; - E'litEreitiv; E'litE7retiv] adj. alliteratively adv.

allocate
[5AlEkeit; 5AlE7ket] v [Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb/sth) allot or assign sth (to sb/sth) for a special purpose （为某目的）配给, 分配某事物（给某人[某事物]）: * allocate funds for repair work 拨出经费作维修用 * He allocated each of us our tasks/allocated tasks to each of us. 他给我们每个人都分配了工作. 派生： allocation[7AlE'keiFn; 7AlE'keFEn] n 1 [U] action of allocating 配给; 分配; 拨出. 2 [C] amount (of money, space, etc) allocated （钱、 地方等的）配给量: * We've spent our entire allocation for the year. 我们已经把今年拨给我们的全部经费都花光了.

allot
[E'lCt; E'lat] v (-tt-) [Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb/sth) give (time, money, duties, etc) as a share of what is available; apportion sth （按现有份额）分配, 拨给, 摊派（时间、 钱、 任务等）: * How much cash has been allotted? 拨给多少现款? * We did the work within the time they'd allotted (to) us. 我们在指定的时间内把工作做完了. * Who will she allot the easy jobs to? 她把轻活儿分给谁呢? 派生： allotment n 1 [U] action of allotting 分配; 分派; 摊派; 拨款. 2 [C] amount or portion allotted 份额. 3 [C] (esp Brit) small area of public land rented for growing vegetables or flowers （作种菜或种花之用而出租的）小片公地.

allow
[E'lau; E'lau] v 1 (a) [Tnt] permit (sb/sth) to do sth 允许, 许可, 准许（某人[某事物]）做某事物: * My boss doesn't allow me to use the telephone. 老板不许我使用电话. * Passengers are not allowed to smoke. 乘客不得吸烟. * (fig 比喻) She allowed her mind to wander. 她任由思绪徘徊. (b) [Tn] let (sth) be done or happen 容许（某事物）发生: * Photography is not allowed in this theatre. 本剧院内不准摄影. * We don't allow smoking in our house. 在我们家里不容许吸烟. (c) [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (usu negative 通常作否定式) permit (sb/sth) to go in 准予（某人[某物]）进入: * Dogs not allowed/No dogs allowed, ie It is not permitted to bring dogs into this park, building, etc. 不准携狗入内. 2 [Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth to sb let sb have sth 让某人得到某事物: * This diet allows you one glass of wine a day. 这种规定饮食可让你每天喝一杯酒. * How much holiday are you allowed? 你有多少天假? * I'm not allowed visitors. 不准我有访客. * The garage allowed me 500 on my old car, ie as a discount on the price of a new one. 汽车修理厂给我的旧汽车作价500英镑. * (fig 比喻) He allows his imagination full play, ie does not try to control it. 他任自己的想像力充分发挥（不想控制它）. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (for sb/sth) provide sth or set sth aside for a purpose or in estimating sth （为某目的或作估计）留出, 打出某事物: * allow four sandwiches each/per head 给每人准备四块叁明治 * You must allow three metres for a long-sleeved dress. 做长袖的衣服你得打出叁米来. * I should allow an hour to get to London. 到伦敦去我得留出一小时来. 4 (a) [Tn, Tf] (law 律) agree that (sth) is true or correct 同意（某事物）属实或正确: * The judge allowed my claim. 法官同意了我的要求. * He allowed that I had the right to appeal. 他同意我有权上诉. (b) [Tf, Tnt] (fml 文) accept (sth); admit 接受（某事物）; 承认:

allow1
* Even if we allow that the poet was mad... 即使我们承认那位诗人是疯子... * Many allow him to be the leading artist in his field. 很多人都认为他在这一艺术领域首屈一指. 5 (phr v) allow for sb/sth include sb/sth in one's calculations 在计算、 估计、 考虑时包括某人[某事物]: * It will take you half an hour to get to the station, allowing for traffic delays. 把路上的耽搁算进去, 你要用半小时才能到车站. allow sb in, out, up, etc permit sb to enter, leave, get up, etc 允许某人进入、 离开、 起来等: * She won't allow the children in(to the house) until they've wiped their shoes. 孩子们不把鞋擦乾净, 她就不让他们进（屋）. * The patient was allowed up (ie permitted to get out of bed) after 10 days. 病人十天以後才允许起来（准予离床下地）. allow of sth (fml 文) permit sth; leave room for sth 容许某事物; 对某事物留有馀地: * The facts allow of only one explanation. 这些事实只能有一种解释. 派生： allowable adj that is or can be allowed by law, the rules, etc （法律、 规则等）可容许的; 可承认的: allowable expenses 许可支出.

allowance
[E'lauEns; E'lauEns] n 1 [C, U] amount of sth, esp money, allowed or given regularly 津贴; 补助: * an allowance of 15 per day 每天15英镑的津贴 * be paid a clothing/subsistence/travel allowance, ie money to be spent on clothes, etc 付给治装[生活/旅途]津贴 * I didn't receive any allowance from my father. 我没有收到父亲给的零用钱. * a luggage allowance, ie amount of luggage a passenger can take free, esp on an aeroplane 免费携带行李额（尤指在飞机上）. 2 [C] sum of money deducted; discount 折价; 折扣: * get an allowance for your old car, fridge, cooker 获得你的旧汽车、 冰箱、 炉具的折价 * tax allowance, ie money deducted from income before the current rate of tax is imposed 免税额（徵收本年度税款前从总收入中减除的款额）. 3 (idm 习语) make (an) allowance for sth consider sth when making a decision, etc （在做决定等时）考虑到某事物. make allowances for sb regard sb as deserving to be treated differently from others for some reason （因某原因需区别对待而）体谅、 照顾某人: * You must make allowances for him because he has been ill. 你应该体谅他, 因为他一直病着.

alloy
1[5AlCi; 5AlCi] n [C, U] 1 metal formed of a mixture of metals or of metal and another substance 合金; 齐: * Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc. 黄铜是铜和锌的合金. * [attrib 作定语] alloy steel 合金钢. 2 inferior metal mixed with one of greater value, esp gold or silver （与一种贵金属, 尤指金或银熔合的）贱金属.

allspice
[5C:lspais; 5Cl7spais] (also pimento) n [U] spice made from the dried berries of the pimento, a West Indian tree 多香果香料（取自西印度多香果树的浆果乾）.

allude
[E'lu:d; E'lud] v [Ipr] ~ to sb/sth (fml 文) mention sb/sth briefly or indirectly 提及、 暗指或暗示某人[某事物]: * You alluded to certain developments in your speech what exactly did you mean? 你在讲话中提到某些发展--确切的意思是什麽呢?

allure
[E'luE(r); E'lur] v [Tn, Tnt] (fml or rhet 文或修辞) tempt or attract (sb) by the expectation of gaining sth （以可获得某事物）诱惑、 引诱或吸引（某人）: * Many settlers were allured by promises of easy wealth. 很多安家落户的人都是受了诱惑, 以为转眼就能发财而来的. 派生： allure n [C, U] attractiveness; charm 诱惑力; 魅力: the false allure of big-city life 大城市生活的虚幻的诱惑力. allurement n [C, U]. alluring adj attractive; charming 吸引人的; 迷人的; 诱惑人的: an alluring smile, prospect, promise 迷人的微笑、 前景、 承诺.

allusion
[E'lu:Vn; E'luVEn] n ~ (to sb/sth) indirect reference 间接提及; 暗指; 典故: * Her poetry is full of obscure literary allusions. 他的诗里用了很多晦涩的文学典故. * He resents any allusion to his baldness. 他讨厌人家影射他秃顶. 派生： allusive adj/E'lu:siv; E'lusiv] containing allusions 含暗示的; 暗指的; 含典故的: * Her allusive style is difficult to follow. 她引经据典的风格晦涩难懂.

alluvial
[E'lu:viEl; E'luviEl] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] made of sand, earth, etc left by rivers or floods, esp in a delta 冲积的; 淤积的: * alluvial deposits/soil/plains 冲积物[土/平原].

ally
[E'lai; E'lai] v (pt, pp allied) [Ipr, Tn.pr] ~ (sb/oneself) with/to sb/sth join or become joined with sb/sth by treaty, marriage, etc 与某人[某事物]结盟、 联盟或联姻: * Britain has allied itself with other western powers for trade and defence. 英国与其他西方强国结成了贸易及防御联盟. 派生： allied[5Alaid, also 'Alaid; 5Al7aid] adj ~ (to sth) connected; similar 有关联的; 类似的: * a union of `allied trades 一个同业工会 * The increase in violent crimes is al`lied to the rise in unemployment. 暴力罪案的增加与失业的增加有关. ally[5Alai; 5Al7ai] n 1 [C] person, country, etc joined with another in order to give help and support 同盟者; 同盟国. 2 the Allies [pl] those countries which fought with Britain in World War I and II （第一次世界大战中的）协约国; （第二次世界大战中的）同盟国.

Alma Mater
[7AlmE 'ma:tE(r); 5AlmE'matl] 1 (fml or joc 文或谑) university or school at which one was or is being taught 母校. 2 (US) school song or anthem 校歌.

almanac
(also almanack)[5C:lmEnAk; - also 'Al-;'ClmE7nAk, 'Al-] n 1 annual book or calendar of months and days, giving information about the sun, moon, tides, anniversaries, etc 历书, 年历, 天文历（有月份、 日期及有关日、 月、 潮汐、 纪念日等资料）. 2 book published annually giving statistical information on various subjects, eg sport, the theatre, etc 年鉴（逐年出版的载有各项如运动、 戏剧等统计资料的书）.

almighty
[C:l'maiti; Cl'maiti] adj 1 having all power; powerful beyond measure 全能的; 有无限权力的: * God Almighty/Almighty God 全能的上帝. 2 [attrib 作定语] (infml 口) very great 极大的: * an almighty crash, nuisance, row 极大的碰撞、 讨厌事、 吵嚷. 派生： the Almighty n [sing] God 上帝.

almond
[5a:mEnd; 5amEnd] n 1 type of tree related to the plum and peach 扁桃树. 2 nut inside the stone-fruit of this tree 扁桃仁; 杏仁: * [attrib 作定语] almond essence 扁桃香精. =>illus at nut 见nut之插图. 复合： ,almond-`eyed adj having narrow oval eyes 杏眼的（眼睛呈扁椭圆形的）. ,almond `paste edible paste made from finely ground almonds 杏仁糊.

almoner
[5a:mEnE(r); - 'Alm-; 5AlmEnl] n 1 (formerly) official who distributed money and gave help to the poor 施赈员（旧时负责发放救济金赈济贫民的官员）. 2 (Brit also medical social worker) social worker attached to a hospital 医院中的社会工作者.

almost
[5C:lmEust; 5Cl7most] adv 1 (used before advs, ns, adjs, vs, dets and prons 用於副词、 名词、 形容词、 动词、 限定词及代词之前) nearly; not quite 几乎; 差不多; 不十分: * It's a mistake they almost always make. 那是他们几乎总要犯的错误. * It's almost time to go. 差不多是该走的时候了. * Dinner's almost ready. 饭差不多准备好了. * He slipped and almost fell. 他脚下一滑, 险些跌倒. * He's almost six feet tall. 他差不多有六英尺高. * Almost anything will do. 几乎什麽都行. 2 (used before no, nobody, none, nothing, never 用於no、 nobody、 none、 nothing、 never之前) virtually; practically 实质上; 实际上; 简直: * Almost no one (ie Hardly anyone) believed him. 实际上没有一个人相信他. * The speaker said almost nothing (ie scarcely anything) worth listening to. 那个发言人说的话简直没有一句值得听. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Almost, nearly, scarcely and hardly are adverbs and can be used with verbs, adverbs, adjectives and nouns. *almost、 nearly、 scarcely和hardly都是副词, 均可与动词、 副词、 形容词和名词连用. 1 Almost and nearly are usually used in positive sentences *almost和nearly通常用於肯定句: She fell and almost/nearly broke her neck. 她跌倒了, 险些跌断了脖子. * He nearly/almost always arrives late. 他差不多总是迟到. 2 Almost can be used with negative words. *almost可与否定词连用. In these cases it can be replaced with hardly or scarcely *almost和否定词的组合可与hardly或scarcely互换: He ate almost nothing (= He ate hardly anything). 他几乎什麽也没吃. * There's almost no space to sit(= There's hardly any space to sit). 差不多没地方坐了. 3 Hardly is generally preferred to almost + a negative verb 用hardly一般比用almost+ 动词否定式为宜: She sang so quietly that I could hardly hear her (not I almost couldn't hear). 她唱的声音很小, 我几乎听不见（不说 I almost couldn't hear）.

almost1
4 In sentences indicating one thing happening immediately after another, hardly and scarcely can be placed at the beginning of the sentence and then subject and verb are inverted 表示一件事紧接另一件事发生的句中, 可将hardly和scarcely置於句首, 然後将主语和动词的位置互换: Hardly/Scarcely had we arrived, when it began to rain. 我们刚一到就下起雨来了.

alms
[a:mz; amz] n [pl] (dated 旧) money, clothes, food, etc given to poor people 救济金; 施舍物: * He gave alms to beggars in the street. 他给街上的乞丐一些施舍. * They had to beg alms (of others) in order to feed their children. 他们得（向别人）乞求救济来养活孩子. 复合： `almshouse n (Brit) house, founded by gifts of charity, where poor (usu old) people may live without paying rent 救济院（由慈善机关捐赠所设, 收容贫民, 通常为老人, 免房租）.

aloe
[5AlEu; 5Alo] n 1 [C] type of plant with thick pointed leaves that grows in Southern Africa 芦荟（产於南非的一种植物, 叶厚而尖）. 2 aloes [sing v] (also bitter aloes) juice of the aloe plant used in medicine 芦荟ソ（得自芦荟叶汁, 用作药物）.

aloft
[E'lCft; - E'lC:ft; E'lCft] adv 1 up in the air; overhead 在空中; 在头顶上: * flags flying aloft 旗子高高飘扬 * The balloons were already aloft. 气球已经升空了. 2 above the deck or in the rigging of a ship 在甲板上空; 在帆索上: * He went aloft to check the sails. 他上去检查船帆.

alone
[E'lEun; E'lon] adj [pred 作表语], adv 1 (a) without any companions 无伴; 独自; 孤单; 孤独: * I don't like going out alone after dark. 我不愿意天黑後独自外出. * She lives all alone in that large house. 她独自一人住在那所大房子里. * (fig 比喻) She stands alone (ie is without equal) among modern sculptors. 她在现代雕塑家中是独一无二的. (b) without the help of other people or things 无他人或事物相助; 单独（的）; 独力（的）: * It will be difficult for one person alone. 单独一个人很困难. * She raised her family quite alone. 她独力养家. * I prefer to work on it alone. 我愿意独力做这件事. Cf 参看 lone, lonely 1. =>Usage 见所附用法. 2 (following a n or pron 用於名词或代词之後) only; exclusively 只有; 仅仅: * The shoes alone cost 100. 光是鞋就花了100英镑. * (saying 谚) Time alone will tell. 日久自明. * He will be remembered for that one book alone. 仅仅那一本书就可以使他留名於世了. * You alone can help me. 只有你才能帮助我. 3 (idm 习语) go it a`lone (attempt to) carry out a task or start a difficult project without help from anyone （试图）独力执行一任务或开始一艰难工作; 单干: * He decided to go it alone and start his own business. 他决定单干创业. leave/let sb/sth alone not take, touch or interfere with sb/sth; not try to influence or change sb/sth 不带走、 不触摸、 不干涉某人[某事物]; 不想左右或改变某人[某事物]: * She's asked to be left alone but the press keep pestering her. 她要求不要打扰她, 但报界总是缠着她不放. * I've told you before leave my things alone! 我早已告诉过你--不要动我的东西! leave/let well alone => well3. let alone without considering 不必考虑: * There isn't enough room for `us, let alone six dogs and a cat. 连我们的地方都不够, 更不必说六条狗和一只猫了. * I haven't decided on the `menu yet, let alone bought the food. 我还没决定吃什麽菜呢, 更不必说买好了. not be alone in doing sth be one of several people who think, feel, etc sth 不单一个人这样想、 感觉等某事物:

alone1
* He is not alone in believing (ie Other people agree with him) that it may lead to war. 不单他一个人认为那会引起战争. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: 1 Alone and solitary describe a person or thing that is separate from others. *alone和solitary都用以形容一人或一事物与他人或他事物相分离. A person may prefer to be alone/solitary and these words do not suggest unhappiness. 用 alone/solitary , . Alone is not used before a noun *alone不可用於名词之前: I look forward to being alone in the house. 我盼望着能自己一人在这所房子里. * Our house stands alone at the end of the lane. 我们的房子座落在这条小巷的尽头, 没有左邻右舍. * She goes for long solitary walks. 她独自漫步, 走了很长的路. In this sense on my, our, etc own or by myself, ourselves, etc are often used in informal speech instead of alone 在口语中表达这种含义常用 on my、 our ...own或by myself、 ourselves等, 而不用alone: She's going on holiday on her own this year. 她今年独自一人去度假. 2 Lonely and, in US English, lonesome suggests that someone does not want to be alone and is unhappy *lonely及在美式英语中用的lonesome, 指并非本人愿意如此, 含有不愉快之意: He was very lonely at first when he moved to London. 他当初刚到伦敦时很孤单. * She led a solitary existence but was seldom lonely. 她独自生活却很少感到孤单. 3 Lonely and solitary can describe out-of-the-way places where people rarely go *lonely和solitary可用以形容很少有人到的偏僻地方: a lonely/solitary cottage on the moors 荒野中孤零零的农舍.

along
[E'lCN; - E'lC:N; E'lCN] prep 1 from one end to or towards the other end of (sth) 沿着; 顺着: * walk along the street 沿着街道走 * go along the corridor 顺着走廊走. 2 close to or parallel with the length of (sth) 与（某事物）的长边接近或平行: * Flowers grow along the side of the wall. 花贴着墙生长. * You can picnic along the river bank. 你们可以靠河沿野餐. 派生： along adv part 1 onward; forward 向前; 往前: The policeman told the crowds to move along. 警察叫人群向前走动. * Come along or we'll be late. 快点儿吧, 要不然就迟到了. 2 in one's or sb's company: 随同; 陪同 (infml 口) Come to the party and bring some friends along. 请来参加聚会并带些朋友来. * He took his dog along (with him) to work. 他带着狗（与他）一起上班. * I'll be along (ie I will come and join you) in a few minutes. 我马上就来. 3 (idm 习语) along with sth in addition to sth 除某事物以外: Tobacco is taxed in most countries, along with alcohol. 除酒之外, 烟草在多数国家都要徵税. 复合： alongside/E'lCNsaid; - ElC:N'said; E'lCN'said] adv close to the side of a ship, pier, etc 靠着（轮船、 码头等的）边: * a boat moored alongside 靠着码头停泊的船. prep beside (sth) 在...旁边: * The car drew up alongside the kerb. 小汽车在路边停下来.

aloof
[E'lu:f; E'luf] adj [usu pred 通常作表语] ~ (from sb/sth) 1 cool and remote in character; unconcerned 冷淡; 疏远; 淡漠: * I find her very aloof and unfriendly. 我觉得她非常冷淡, 不好相处. * Throughout the conversation he remained silent and aloof. 在谈话过程中他始终一言不发、 无动於衷. 2 (idm 习语) keep/hold/stand aloof from sb/sth take no part in sth; show no friendship towards sb 不参与某事物; 对某人无友好表示: * He stood aloof from the crowd. 他远离人群. > aloofness n [U].

aloud
[E'laud; E'laud] adv 1 in a voice loud enough to be heard, not silently or in a whisper 出声地（用足以使人听得到的声音, 既非默不作声地亦非悄悄声地）: * He read his sister's letter aloud. 他喃喃地读他妹妹的信. 2 loudly, so as to be heard at a distance 大声地, 高声地（使得在远处也听得见）: * She called aloud for help. 她高声呼救. 3 (idm 习语) think aloud => think1.

alp
[lp; Alp] n 1 (a) [C] high mountain, esp in Switzerland and neighbouring countries （尤指瑞士及其邻国间的）高山, 高峰. (b) the Alps [pl] group of these mountains, mostly in Switzerland, France and Italy 阿尔卑斯山脉（大部分在瑞士、 法国及意大利境内）. 3 [C] pasture-land on mountains in Switzerland （瑞士境内的）山区牧场.

alpaca
[Al'pkE; Al'pAkE] n (a) [C] type of S American llama with long wool （南美一种体毛长的）羊驼. (b) [U] (cloth made from) its wool 羊驼毛织物: * [attrib 作定语] an alpaca coat 羊驼呢外衣.

alpenstock
[5AlpEnstCk; 5AlpEn7stak] n long stick with an iron tip, used in climbing mountains （带铁头的长的）登山杖.

alpha
[5AlfE; 5AlfE] n 1 the first letter in the Greek alphabet (A, ) 希腊语字母表的第一个字母（A, ）. 2 (idm 习语) ,Alpha and `Omega the beginning and the end 始终; 首尾. 复合： `alpha particle any of the positively charged particles emitted in radioactivity or other nuclear reactions alphabet /// [5AlfEbet; 5AlfE7bet] n set of letters or symbols in a fixed order, used when writing a language 字母表: * There are 26 letters in the English alphabet. 英语字母表中有26个字母. 派生： alphabetical[7AlfE'betikl; 7AlfE'betikl] adj in the order of the alphabet 按字母表顺序的: * Put these words in alphabetical order. 把这些字按字母表顺序排列起来. alphabetically[-kli; -kli] adv: * books arranged alphabetically by author 按作者姓名的字母顺序排列的书.

alpine
[5Alpain; 5Alpain] adj of or found in high mountains, esp the Alps 高山的, 高山上的（尤指阿尔卑斯山）: * alpine flowers 高山上的花. 派生： alpine n plant that grows best in mountain regions 高山植物.

already
[C:l'redi; Cl'redi] adv 1 (used esp with perfect tenses of a v 尤与动词完成时态连用) before now or before a stated or suggested time in the past 已经, 早已（在此之前或在所指的过去某时间之前）: * I've already seen that film, so I'd rather see another one. 我已经看过那部电影了, 所以还是看部别的吧. * The teacher was already in the room when I arrived. 我到的时候, 老师已经在屋里了. * She had already left when I phoned. 我打电话时, 她早已走了. 2 (used in negative sentences or questions, to show surprise 用於否定句或疑问句, 表示惊奇) as soon or as early as this 已经（如此之快或如此之早）: * Have your children started school already? 你的孩子们已经上学了? * Is it 10 o'clock already? 已经10点钟了吗? * You're not leaving us already, are you?你已经决定要离开我们了, 是吧? NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Yet and already are both used when talking about the possible completion of an action by or before a particular time. They are mostly used with the perfect tenses (in US usage also with the simple past). *yet和already均用以表示到某时或某时前可能完成的动作. 两者多与完成时态连用（在美式英语中还与简单过去时态连用）. Yet is only used in negative statements and in questions *yet只用於否定的陈述句及疑问句: `It's time to go. ’ `I'm not ready yet.’ ‘该走了.’‘我还没准备好呢.’ * Are you out of bed yet? 你已经起床了吗? Already emphasizes the completion of an action. It is usually used in positive statements*already强调动作的完成, 常与肯定的陈述句连用: By midday they had already travelled 200 miles. 到中午为止, 他们已经走了200英里了. Already can be used in questions to express surprise *already可用於疑问句, 表示惊奇: Have you finished lunch already? It's only 12 o'clock! 你已经吃过午饭了吗? 现在才12点钟啊!

alright
[C:l'rait; Cl'rait] adv (non-standard or infml 不规范或口) = all right (all3).

Alsatian
[Al'seiFn; Al'seFEn] n (US German shepherd) type of large smooth-haired dog like a wolf, often trained to help the police 德国种狼狗（体大、 毛光滑, 常训练作警犬）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page iii.

also
[5C:lsEu; 5Clso] adv (not used with negative vs 不与否定式动词连用) in addition; besides; too 而且; 还; 也: * She speaks French and German and also a little Russian. 她会说法语、 德语, 还会说一点儿俄语. * He is young and good-looking, and also very rich. 他又年轻又漂亮, 而且还很富有. * I teach five days a week and I also teach evening classes. 我每星期教五天, 而且还教晚上的课. * She not only plays well, but also writes music. 她不仅很会演奏, 而且还会作曲. 复合： `also-ran n 1 (in racing) horse or dog not among the first three to finish （赛马或赛狗中不在前叁名以内的）落选的马或狗. 2 (fig 比喻) person who fails to gain success or distinction 没有成功或无成就的人: I'm afraid John is one of life's also-rans. 很遗憾, 约翰是人间的庸才. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Also, too and as well indicate that the word or part of the sentence that they are specially linked to has been added to something previously mentioned. *also、 too、 as well均指句中有关词语与前面提到的事物相结合或相一致. They differ in degree of formality and position in the sentence. 这叁个词语的雅俗程度和在句中的位置有所不同. Also is more formal and usually comes before the main verb (but after `be' if this is the main verb) *also含较庄重色彩, 通常用於主要动词之前（但若主要动词是be, 则置於其後）: I've met Jane and I've also met her mother. 我已见到简, 我也见到了她的母亲. * He speaks French and he also writes it. 他会说法语也会写法文. * She was rich. She was also selfish. 她很富. 她也很自私. Too and as well are less formal and usually come at the end of the clause *too和as well较为通俗, 通常用於从句的句尾: I've read the book and I've seen the film as well/too. 我看过这本书, 也看过这部电影. In negative sentences, not...either is used to indicate addition 在否定句中, 用 not...either表示这种增加的成分: They haven't phoned and they haven't written either. 他们没来过电话, 而且也没来过信.

altar
[5C:ltE(r); 5Cltl] n 1 (in Christian churches) table on which bread and wine are consecrated in the Communion service （基督教教堂内的）圣餐桌. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page viii. 2 table or raised flat-topped platform on which offerings are made to a god （供奉神时用以放置供品的）供桌, 祭坛. 3 (idm 习语) lead sb to the altar =>lead3. 复合： `altar-piece n painting or sculpture placed behind an altar 祭坛後面的绘画或雕刻.

alter
[5C:ltE(r); 5Cltl] v 1 [I, Tn] (cause sth/sb to) become different; change in character, position, size, shape, etc （使某事物[某人]）改变; 更改, 变更, 修改, 改（性质、 位置, 大小、 形状等）: * I didn't recognize him because he had altered so much. 我没认出他来, 因为他变了许多. * She had to alter her clothes after losing weight. 她瘦了以後, 衣服也得修改了. * The plane altered course. 飞机更改了航线. * That alters things, ie makes the situation different. 那就使情况发生变化. =>Usage at change1 用法见change1. 2 [Tn] (euph 婉 esp US) remove the testicles or ovaries of (an animal) 阉割; 给（雄性动物）去势; 给（雌性动物）割去卵巢. 派生： alterable[5C:ltErEbl; 5CltlEbl] adj that can be altered 可改变的; 可修改的. alteration[7C:ltE'reiFn; 7CltE'reFEn] n 1 [U] changing; making a change 改变; 更改; 变更; 修改: * How much alteration will be necessary? 需要改多少? 2 [C] act or result of changing 改变; 更改; 变更; 修改: * We are making a few alterations to the house. 我们对房子进行了一些改建.

alter ego
[7AltEr 'egEu; - 'i:gEu; 5Altl'igo] (pl alter egos) (Latin 拉) intimate friend; person very like oneself 知己; 至友; 挚友; 至交; 极像自己的人: * He's my alter ego we go everywhere together. 他是我的知己--彼此形影不离.

altercation
[7C:ltE'keiFn; 7Cltl'keFEn] n [C, U] (fml 文) (act of) quarrelling or arguing noisily 口角; 争论; 争辩; 争吵. =>Usage at argument 用法见argument.

alternate
1[C:l'tE:nEt; - 'C:ltErnEt; 5CltlnEt] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] 1 (of two things) happening or following one after the other （指两种事物）交替的, 轮流的: * a pattern of alternate circles and squares 圆形与方形相间的图案 * alternate triumph and despair 交替而来的得意与失意. 2 every second 间隔的; 每隔一个的: * on alternate days, eg on Monday, Wednesday, Friday, etc 每隔一日（如星期一、 叁、 五等）. 3 (of leaves growing on both sides of a stem) not opposite each other 互生的（指叶在梗两边非对生的）. > alternately adv. 复合： al,ternate `angles (mathematics 数) angles like those in the Z shape formed when one line intersects two others 错角（一直线截另外两直线所成的如Z字形中的角）.

alternative
[C:l'tE:nEtiv; Cl'tEnEtiv] adj [attrib 作定语] 1 available in place of sth else; other 可用以代替其它事物的; 另一可选用的; 其他的: * find alternative means of transport 另找一个运输方法 * Have you got an alternative suggestion? 你有没有其它的建议? * The alternative book to study for the examination is `War and Peace'. 可供应考选读的另一本书是《战争与和平》. 2 (idm 习语) the al,ternative so`ciety people who prefer not to live according to the conventional standards of social behaviour 另择群体（不循传统的社会行为准则而生活的人们）. 派生： alternative n 1 choice of two or more possibilities 可能性中的选择: You have the alternative of marrying or remaining a bachelor. 你可以结婚也可以仍做单身汉, 任你选择. * Caught in the act, he had no alternative but to confess. 他被当场抓住, 除了招供别无出路. 2 one of two or more possibilities 可能性之一: One of the alternatives open to you is to resign. 你辞职也是个办法. alternatively adv as an alternative 作为一种选择: We could take the train or alternatively go by car. 我们可以坐火车去, 也可以坐汽车去.

although
(US also altho)[C:l'TEu; Cl'To] conj 1 in spite of the fact that; even if 虽然; 尽管; 即使: * Although he had only entered the contest for fun, he won first prize. 尽管他参加这次竞赛只不过是闹着玩儿而已, 却赢得了头奖. 2 and yet; nevertheless; but 然而; 可是: * He said they were married, although I'm sure they aren't. 他说他们已经结婚了, 可是我肯定他们没结婚. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: 1 Although and (even) though can be used at the beginning of a sentence or a clause with a verb. *although和 (even) though均可用於句首或从句之首, 与动词连用. Though is less formal *though较为通俗: Although/Though/Even though we all tried our best, we lost the game. 虽然我们已尽了最大的力量, 但还是输了. * We lost the game although/though/even though we tried our best. 我们输了, 然而我们已尽了最大的力量. 2 However can be used to give a similar meaning, but must begin a new sentence *however也可用以表达相同的意思, 但必须用於另起一句的句首: We all tried our best. However, we lost the game. 我们都已尽了最大的力量. 但我们还是输了. 3 Though and however can come at the end of a sentence *though和however可用於句尾: We all tried our best. We lost the game, though/however. 我们都已尽了最大的力量. 不过我们还是输了. 4 (Al)though (or more formal albeit) can come before an adjective, adverb or adverbial phrase *(al)though（更文雅的词是albeit）可用於形容词、 副词或副词词组之前: Her appointment was a significant, (al)though/albeit temporary success. 她受聘虽说是临时性的, 但却是一大成功. * He performed the task well, (al)though/albeit slowly. 他把任务完成得很好, 只是有些慢.

altimeter
[5Altimi:tE(r); - 7Al'timEtEr; Al'timEtl] n instrument used esp in aircraft for showing the height above sea-level （尤指用於飞行器的）高度表; 测高计.

altitude
[5Altitju:d; - -tu:d; 5AltE7tud] n 1 height above sea-level 海拔; 高度: * What is the altitude of this village? 这个村子海拔多少? * We are flying at an altitude of 20000 feet. 我们的飞行高度是20000英尺. * [attrib 作定语] altitude sickness 高原病. 2 (often pl 常作复数) place or area high above sea-level 海拔甚高的地方: * It is difficult to breathe at these altitudes. 在这些高的地方很难呼吸. 3 (astronomy 天) distance of a star or planet above the horizon, measured as an angle 地平纬度.

alto
[5AltEu; 5Alto] n (pl ~s) (music 音) 1 (singer with a) voice of the highest adult male pitch 男声最高音（歌手）. 2 = contralto. 3 part written for the alto voice 中音部. 4 musical instrument with the second highest pitch in its group 中音乐器: * an alto-saxophone 中音萨克斯管.

altogether
[7C:ltE'geTE(r); 7CltE'geTl] adv 1 entirely, completely 完全地; 全部地: * I don't altogether agree with you. 我并不完全同意你的意见. * I am not altogether happy about the decision. 我对这一决定不十分满意. 2 including everything 总共; 一共: * You owe me 68.03 altogether. 你一共欠我68.03英镑. 3 considering everything; on the whole 总起来说; 总而言之: * The weather was bad and the food dreadful. Altogether the holiday was very disappointing. 天气又坏, 吃的又糟. 总而言之, 这次假日很扫兴. 派生： altogether n (idm 习语) in the alto`gether (infml 口) without clothes on; naked 一丝不挂; 裸体.

altruism
[5Altru:izEm; 5Altru7izEm] n [U] principle of considering the welfare and happiness of others before one's own; unselfishness 利他主义; 无私. Cf 参看 egoism 2. 派生： altruist[5Altru:ist; 5Altruist] n unselfish person 利他主义者; 无私的人. altruistic[7Altru:'istik; 7Altru'istik] adj. altruistically[-kli; -kli] adv.

alum
[5AlEm; 5AlEm] n [U] white mineral salt used in medicine and in dyeing 明矾, 白矾（用於医药及染色）.

aluminium
[7Alju'miniEm; 7AljE'miniEm] (US aluminum/E'lu:minEm; E'luminEm] ) n [U] chemical element, a light silvery metal, not tarnished by air, used either pure or as an alloy for making cooking utensils, electrical apparatus, etc 铝: * [attrib 作定语] aluminium foil, eg for wrapping food 铝箔（如用以包食物的）. =>App 10 见附录10.

alumna
[E'lQmnE; E'lQmnE] n (pl -nae[-ni:; -ni] ) (US) female former student of a school, college or university 女校友; 女毕业生.

alumnus
[E'lQmnEs; E'lQmnEs] n (pl -ni[-nai; -nai] ) (US) male former student of a school, college or university 男校友; 男毕业生.

alveolar
[Al'viElE(r), 7Alvi'EulE(r); Al'viEll] adj, n (phonetics 语音) (of a) consonant made with the tongue touching the bony ridge behind the upper front teeth, eg / t/ or / d/ 齿龈音（的）（用舌抵住上齿後面的隆骨而发出的辅音, 如/ t/或/d/. =>illus at throat 见throat之插图.

always
[5C:lweiz; 5Clwez] adv 1 at all times; without exception 永远地; 无例外地; 总是; 一直: * I always think of her in that dress. 我总是想着她穿着那件连衣裙的样子. * He nearly always wears a bow tie. 他差不多总是系着蝴蝶领结. * She has always loved gardening. 她一直喜爱园艺. 2 repeatedly; regularly 重复地; 有规律地; 一贯地: * The postman always calls at 7.30. 邮递员一贯7时30分来. * We're nearly always at church on Sundays. 我们星期日几乎都在教堂做礼拜. 3 (usu with the continuous tenses 常与进行时态连用) again and again; persistently 一次又一次地; 持续地; 老是: * He was always asking for money. 他老是要钱. * Why are you always biting your nails? 你为什麽老是咬指甲? 4 (with can/ could与can/could连用) if everything else fails; whatever the circumstances may be 实在不行的话; 无论如何: * You could always use a dictionary. 你无论如何还可以使用词典嘛. * They can always go to a bank if they need more money. 他们如果需要更多的钱, 反正还可以到银行去取. 5 (idm 习语) always supposing (that)... if a specified condition is fulfilled 如果某条件得到满足: * I'm going to university, always supposing I pass my exams. 我若考试及格就要上大学了. as `always in a way that is expected because it usu happens like that 料想与平时一样地: * As always he was late and had to run to catch the bus. 他像平时一样又晚了, 得跑着去赶公共汽车了.

am
=> be.

amalgam
[E'mAlgEm; E'mAlgEm] n 1 [U] alloy of mercury with another metal 汞合金; 汞齐: * The dentist used amalgam to fill my teeth. 牙医用汞合金给我补牙. 2 [C] mixture or blend 混合物: * a subtle amalgam of spices 适中的混合香料.

amalgamate
[E'mAlgEmeit; E'mAlgE7met] v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sb/sth) (with sb/sth) (cause people or things to) combine or unite （使人或事物）合并, 联合, 结合: * Our local brewery has amalgamated with another firm. 我们本地的酿酒厂与另一个公司合并了. * The boys' and girls' schools have (been) amalgamated to form a new comprehensive. 男校和女校联合而组成了一所新的综合中学. 派生： amalgamation/E7mAlgE'meiFn; E7mAlgE'meFEn] n (a) [U] mixing or uniting 混合; 合并; 联合; 结合: * Amalgamation was the only alternative to going bankrupt. 联合起来是避免破产的唯一途径. (b) [C] instance of this 混合; 合并; 联合; 结合: * We've seen two amalgamations in one week. 我们在一个星期内已经见到两件合并的事了.

amanuensis
[E7mAnju'ensis; E7mAnju'ensis] n (pl -ses[-si:z; -siz] ) (dated or fml 旧或文) person who writes from dictation or copies what sb else has written 听写员; 誊写员.

amass
[E'mAs; E'mAs] v [Tn] gather together or collect (sth), esp in large quantities （尤指大量地）积累, 积聚, 收集（某事物）: * amass a fortune 积累财富 * They amassed enough evidence to convict him on six charges. 他们搜集了足够的证据, 宣判他有六条罪状.

amateur
[5AmEtE(r); 5AmE7tl] n 1 person who practises a sport or artistic skill without receiving money for it 业馀爱好者（不为金钱而从事体育或艺术活动的人）: * The tournament is open to amateurs as well as professionals. 这次比赛不仅职业运动员可以参加, 而且业馀运动员也可以参加. * Although he's only an amateur he's a first-class player. 虽然他只是个业馀爱好者, 但却是一流的高手. * [attrib 作定语] an amateur photographer, golfer, boxer, etc 业馀摄影、 高尔夫球、 拳击等爱好者 * amateur dramatics, wrestling, etc 业馀演剧、 摔跤等. Cf 参看 professional n. 2 (usu derog 通常作贬义) person who is unskilled or inexperienced in an activity 技术不熟练的人; 无经验的人: * I shouldn't employ them they're just a bunch of amateurs. 我不应该雇用他们--简直是一群外行. 派生： amateurish[5AmEtEriF; 5AmE7tEriF] adj (often derog 常作贬义) inexpert; unskilled 外行的; 不熟练的. amateurishly[5AmEtEriFli; 5AmE7tEriFli] adv. amateurism[5AmEtErizEm; 5AmE7tErizm] n [U].

amatory
[5AmEtEri; - -tC:ri; 5AmE7tCri] adj (fml or joc 文或谑) relating to or inspired by sexual love 性爱的; 爱情的; 色情的: * amatory literature, adventures 艳情文学、 艳遇.

amaze
[E'meiz; E'mez] v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] fill (sb) with great surprise or wonder 使（某人）惊异或惊奇: * He amazed everyone by passing his driving test. 他驾驶考试合格使大家很惊奇. * We were amazed at/by the change in his appearance. 他的样子变得使我们大为惊讶. * She was amazed/It amazed her that he was still alive. 他居然还活着使她感到惊异. > amazement n [U]: * He looked at me in amazement. 他惊愕地看着我. * I heard with amazement that.... 我听到...大为吃惊. amazing adj (usu approv 通常作褒义): * an amazing speed, player, feat 令人惊异的速度、 表演者、 事迹 * I find it amazing that you can't swim. 你不会游泳可使我大吃一惊. amazingly adv: * She's amazingly clever. 她出奇地聪明.

amazon
[5AmEzEn; - -zCn; 5AmE7zan] n 1 tall strong athletic woman 魁梧健壮的女人. 2 Amazon (in Greek mythology) member of a race of female warriors （希腊神话中的）亚马孙族女战士. > amazonian[7mE'zEuniEn; 7mE'zoniEn] adj.

ambassador
[Am'bsEdE(r); Am'bAsEdl] n 1 diplomat sent from one country to another either as a permanent representative or on a special mission 大使; 使节: * the British Ambassador to Greece 英国驻希腊大使. Cf 参看 consul 1, High Commissioner (high1). 2 authorized representative or messenger 经授权的代表或使者. 派生： ambassadorial/Am7bsE'dC:riEl; Am7bAsE'dCriEl] adj. ambassadress/Am'bsEdris; Am'bAsEdris] n 1 female ambassador 女大使. 2 ambassador's wife 大使夫人. 复合： ambassador-at-large n (pl -dors-at-large) (esp US) ambassador to more than one country, often on a specific mission 无任所大使; 巡回大使.

amber
[5AmbE(r); 5Ambl] n 1 [U] (a) hard clear yellowish-brown gum used for making ornaments or jewellery 琥珀: * [attrib 作定语] an amber necklace 琥珀项链. (b) its colour 琥珀色（黄褐色）. 2 [C] yellow traffic-light seen between red and green 黄色交通信号灯（显示於红色与绿色交通信号灯之间）.

ambergris
[5AmbEgri:s; - -gris; 5Ambl7gris] n [U] wax-like substance present in the intestines of sperm-whales and found floating in tropical seas, used as a fixative in perfumes 龙涎香（抹香鲸肠道内的蜡状物质, 见於热带海洋中漂浮, 可用作香精的定香剂）.

ambi-
comb form 构词成分 referring to both of two 两者: ambidextrous * ambivalent.

ambidextrous
[7Ambi'dekstrEs; 7AmbE'dekstrEs] adj able to use the left hand or the right hand equally well 左右手都很灵巧的.

ambience
(also ambiance)[5AmbiEns; 5AmbiEns] n environment; atmosphere of a place 环境; 气氛: * We've tried to create the ambience of a French bistro. 我们想尽量创造出法国小餐馆的气氛.

ambient
[5AmbiEnt; 5AmbiEnt] adj [attrib 作定语] (fml 文) (of air, etc) on all sides; surrounding （指空气等）环绕四周的, 周围的.

ambiguity
[7Ambi'gju:Eti; 7Ambi'gjuEti] n (a) [U] presence of more than one meaning 不止一种意思; 歧义: * Much British humour depends on ambiguity. 英国幽默有很多是靠一语双关而得. (b) [C] instance of this 模棱两可的意思: * She was quick to notice the ambiguities in the article. 她很快就察觉出了文中的那些模棱两可的意思.

ambiguous
[Am'bigjuEs; Am'bigjuEs] adj 1 having more than one possible meaning 有不止一种意思的; 有歧义的: * `Look at those pretty little girls' dresses' is ambiguous, because it is not clear whether the girls or the dresses are `pretty'. ‘看看那些漂亮的小女孩儿的连衣裙’这句话有歧义, 因为不清楚是‘小女孩儿’还是‘连衣裙’是‘漂亮的’. 2 uncertain in meaning or intention 意向不明的; 暧昧的: * an ambiguous smile, glance, gesture, etc 用意含糊的微笑、 一瞥、 手势等. > ambiguously adv. ambiguousness n [U].

ambit
[5Ambit; 5Ambit] n [sing] bounds, scope or extent (of power, authority, etc) （权势等的）范围, 界限, 限度.

ambition
[Am'biFn; Am'biFEn] n ~ (to be/do sth) 1 (a) [U, C] strong desire to achieve sth 雄心; 野心; 志气; 抱负; 志向: * filled with ambition to become famous, rich, powerful, etc 立志要成名、 发财、 有权势等. (b) [C] particular desire of this kind 雄心; 野心; 志气; 抱负; 志向: * have great ambitions 有远大的志向. 2 [C] object of this desire 目标; 夙愿: * achieve/realize/fulfil one's ambitions 达到目标[实现抱负/得偿夙愿].

ambitious
[Am'biFEs; Am'biFEs] adj 1 ~ (to be/do sth); ~ (for sth) full of ambition, esp for success or money （尤指为获得成功或金钱）有雄心的, 野心勃勃的: * an ambitious young manager 有雄心壮志的年轻的经理 * ambitious to succeed in life 立志要有所成就 * ambitious for one's children 望子成龙. 2 showing or requiring ambition 显示或需要有雄心的或野心的: * ambitious plans to complete the project ahead of schedule 要提前完成这一项目的宏伟计划. > ambitiously adv.

ambivalent
[Am'bivElEnt; Am'bivElEnt] adj having or showing mixed feelings about a certain object, person or situation 对某物、 某人或某境况具有或显示矛盾情感的: * an ambivalent attitude towards one's best friend's wife 对至友的妻子有矛盾的心态. > ambivalence n [U]. ambivalently adv.

amble
[5Ambl; 5Ambl] v [I, Ipr, Ip] 1 (of a person) ride or walk at a slow, leisurely pace （指人）乘骑缓行或漫步, 徐行: * He came ambling down the road. 他沿路溜溜达达地来了. * We ambled along for miles. 我们缓缓而行达数英里. 2 (of a horse) move slowly, lifting the two feet on one side together （指马）溜花蹄（同侧两蹄同时离地行走）. 派生： amble n [sing] slow, leisurely pace 缓步; 徐步; 漫步: walk at an amble 徐步而行.

ambrosia
[Am'brEuziE; - -EuVE; Am'broVE] n [U] 1 (in Greek mythology) food of the gods （希腊神话中）神仙的食物. Cf 参看 nectar 2. 2 thing that tastes or smells delicious 好吃或好闻的东西.

ambulance
[5AmbjulEns; 5AmbjElEns] n vehicle equipped to carry sick or injured people to hospital, etc 救护车.

ambush
[5AmbuF; 5AmbuF] n 1 [U] (of troops, police, etc) waiting in a hidden position to make a surprise attack （指部队、 警察等）在隐蔽位置等待突然袭击; 埋伏: * lie/wait in ambush 打埋伏. 2 [C] (a) surprise attack from a hidden position 从隐蔽位置突然袭击; 伏击: * They laid an ambush for the enemy patrol. 他们埋伏起来准备伏击巡逻的敌人. (b) people making such an attack 埋伏着的人; 伏兵. (c) place from which it is made 设伏地点; 伏击处. 派生： ambush v [Tn] make a surprise attack on (sb) from a hidden position 从隐蔽位置突然袭击（某人）; 伏击: ambush an enemy patrol 伏击巡逻的敌人.

ameba
(US) = amoeba.

ameliorate
[E'mi:liEreit; E'miliE7ret] v [I, Tn] (fml 文) (cause sth to) become better （使某事物）变得更好, 改善, 改良: * ameliorate conditions, circumstances, living standards, etc 改进情况、 改善环境、 提高生活水平. > amelioration/E7mi:liE'reiFn; E7miliE'reFEn] n [U].

amen
[a:'men, ei'men; 5a'men, 'e'men] interj, n (used esp at the end of a prayer or hymn 尤用於祈祷或圣歌结束时) so be it; may it be so 阿门; 但愿如此; 诚心所愿: * The choir sang the amens beautifully. 唱诗班唱的阿门非常优美. * Amen to that, ie I certainly agree with that. 我当然同意.

amenable
[E'mi:nEbl; E'minEbl] adj 1 ~ (to sth) (of people) willing to be influenced or controlled (by sth) （指人）（对某事物）顺从的, 服贴的: * amenable to kindness, advice, reason 对好话、 劝告、 道理顺从的 * I find him amenable to argument. 我觉得他是个讲理的人. 2 ~ to sth (a) (of people) subject to the authority of sth （指人）（对某事物的权威）服从的: * amenable to the law 守法. (b) (of cases, situations, etc) that can be tested by sth （指事情, 情况等）经得起某事物检验的: * This case is not amenable to the normal rules. 这件事经不起常规的检验.

amend
[E'mend; E'mend] v 1 [Tn] correct an error in (sth); make minor improvements in; change slightly 改正; 略改进; 稍改动: * amend a document, proposal, law 修改文件、 建议、 法律. 2 [I, Tn] (fml 文) (cause sth to) become better; improve （使某事物）变得更好; 改善; 改进: * You must amend your behaviour. 你的行为得改一改. 派生： amendment n 1 [C] ~ (to sth) minor alteration or addition to a document, etc 对文件等所作的次要的修改或增添: Parliament debated several amendments to the bill. 议会对议案的数份修正案进行了辩论. 2 [U] amending 修改; 改动: passed without amendment 未经改动而获通过.

amenity
[E'mi:nEti, also E'menEti; E'menEti] n 1 [C often pl 常作复数] feature or facility of a place that makes life there easy or pleasant 生活福利设施; 文娱康乐场所; 方便设施: * People who retire to the country often miss the amenities of a town, eg libraries, cinemas, etc. 退居到乡村的人们时常怀念城市舒适的生活（如图书馆、 电影院等）. * A sauna in the hotel would be a useful amenity. 旅馆中的芬兰蒸汽浴室倒是个有益的好设施. 2 [U] (fml 文) pleasantness 愉快; 适意: * He immediately noticed the amenity of his new surroundings. 他立刻觉察到了新环境的宜人之处.

American
[E'merikEn; E'merikEn] adj of N or S America, esp the USA 北美洲或南美洲的; （尤指）美国的. 派生： American n 1 native of America 美洲人. 2 citizen of the USA 美国公民; 美国人. 3 (also American English) the English language as spoken in the USA 美式英语. Americanism n word or phrase used in American English but not in standard English in Britain 美式词语（用於美式英语中而不用於英式规范英语中的词语）. Americanize, -ise v [Tn] make (sb/sth) American in character 使（某人[某事物]）美国化. 复合： American `football American game of football like Rugby, played by two teams of 11 players who advance by running with and passing an oval-shaped ball 美式橄榄球; 美式足球. =>App 4 见附录4. =>illus 见插图. American `Indian (also Amerindian) (one) of the original inhabitants of America 美洲印第安人. A`merican plan (US) system of hotel charges including room, meals and service 美式旅馆收费制（旅馆膳宿及服务费合并计算制）.

Amerindian
[7AmE'rindiEn; 7AmE'rindiEn] n = American Indian (American).

amethyst
[5AmiWist; 5AmEWist] n [C, U] purple or violet precious stone 紫晶; 紫水晶: * [attrib 作定语] an amethyst bracelet 紫晶手镯.

amiable
[5eimiEbl; 5emiEbl] adj showing and inspiring friendliness; pleasant and good-tempered 友好的; 和蔼可亲的; 好脾气的: * an amiable character, mood, conversation 温柔的性格、 欢快的心情、 亲切的交谈. > amiability[7eimiE'bilEti; 7emiE'bilEti] n [U]. amiably adv.

amicable
[5AmikEbl; 5AmikEbl] adj showing friendliness; without hostility 友好的; 无敌意的: * An amicable settlement was reached. 已达成和解. > amicability[7mikE'bilEti; 7AmikE'bilEti] n [U]. amicably adv: * They lived together amicably for several years. 他们在一起和睦地生活了好几年.

amid
[E'mid; E'mid] (also amidst/E'midst; E'midst] ) prep (dated or fml 旧或文) in the middle of (sth); among 在...当中; 在...中: * Amid all the rush and confusion she forgot to say goodbye. 她在忙乱中忘记了告辞.

amidships
[E'midFips; E'midFips] (also midships) adv half-way between the bows and stern of a ship 在船中部: * go/stand amidships 走向[站在]船中部 * You'll find your cabin amidships. 你的舱位在船中部.

amino acid
[E7mi:nEu 'Asid; E7mino 'Asid] (chemistry 化) any of several organic compounds found in protein 氨基酸.

amir
= emir.

amiss
[E'mis; E'mis] adj [pred 作表语], adv (dated 旧) 1 wrong(ly); inappropriate(ly) 错误; 不恰当: * Something seems to be amiss can I help? 好像有点儿不对头--要我帮忙吗? 2 (idm 习语) (not) come/go a`miss (not) be unwelcome or unsuitable （并非）不称心或不顺当: * A new pair of shoes wouldn't come amiss. 新鞋不会不称心的. take sth a`miss be offended by sth 被某事物冒犯: * Would she take it amiss if I offered to help? 如果我冒昧相助, 她会见怪吗?

amity
[5AmEti; 5AmEti] n [U] friendly relationship between people or countries （人与人或国与国之间的）友好关系: * live in amity with one's neighbours 与四邻和睦相处.

ammeter
[5AmitE(r); 5Am7itl] n instrument that measures electric current in amperes 安培计; 电流表.

ammonia
[E'mEuniE; E'moniE] n [U] 1 colourless gas with a strong smell, used in refrigerators and for making explosives 氨; 阿摩尼亚. 2 (also liquid ammonia) solution of this gas in water, used in cleaning 氨水; 阿摩尼亚水.

ammonite
[5AmEnait; 5AmE7nait] n fossil of a shell, with a coiled shape 菊石（一种甲壳类动物化石, 壳呈旋 卷盘状）.

ammunition
[7Amju'niFn; 7AmjE'niFEn] n [U] 1 supply of bullets, bombs, grenades, etc fired from weapons or thrown 弹药: * They had to meet the attack with very little ammunition. 他们不得不以极少的弹药应战. 2 (fig 比喻) facts and reasoning used in trying to win an argument 用於争论中的事实和论据: * This letter gave her all the ammunition she needed. 这封信给她提供了她所需要的一切论据.

amnesia
[Am'ni:ziE; - -'ni:VE; Am'niVE] n [U] partial or total loss of memory 遗忘症（部分或全部记忆缺失）.

amnesty
[5AmnEsti; 5AmnEsti] n general pardon, esp for offences against the State 大赦（尤指对国家所犯的罪行）: * An amnesty has been declared. 已经宣布大赦了 * The rebels returned home under a general amnesty. 造反的人经大赦释放回家.

amoeba
(US ameba)[E'mi:bE; E'mibE] n (pl ~s or ~e[-bi:; -bi] ) microscopic organism consisting of a single cell, found in water and soil, which changes shape constantly 阿米巴; 变形虫. 派生： amoebic/E'mi:bik; E'mibik] adj of or caused by amoebae 阿米巴的; 由阿米巴引起的: * amoebic dysentery 阿米巴痢疾.

amok
[E'mCk; E'mak] (also amuck/E'mQk; E'mQk] ) adv (idm 习语) run amok rush about in a wild and angry frenzy 横冲直撞; 乱窜: * The tiger escaped from the zoo and ran amok for hours. 老虎逃出了动物园, 张牙舞爪乱窜了几小时.

among
[E'mQN; E'mQN] (also amongst/E'mQNst; E'mQNst] ) prep (followed by a plural n or pron or a group n 後接复数名词或代词或集合名词) 1 surrounded by (sb/sth) 被...所围绕; 在...中间: * work among the poor, the sick, the elderly, etc 在穷人、 病人、 老人等中工作 * He found it amongst a pile of old books. 他是在一堆旧书中找到它的. 2 in the number of (sth); included in 其中; 包括在内: * I was among the last to leave. 我是最後离去者之一. * Among those present were the Prime Minister and her husband. 那些出席者中有首相及其丈夫. * He was only one amongst many who needed help. 他只是众多需要帮助者之一. 3 (in parts) to each member of (a group) 把（部分）...分给每一成员: * distribute the books among the class 把书发给全班. 4 between 在...相互之间: * Politicians are always arguing amongst themselves. 政客们总是彼此争论不休. * (saying 谚) There is honour among thieves. 盗亦有道. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: 1 Among is used of people or things considered as a group *among用於指作为一整体的人或事物: Share out the books among the class. 把书分发给全班. * They talked among themselves while they waited. 他们一边等着一边互相谈话. * standing among the crowd at the football match 在人群中站着看足球比赛. 2 Between is used of people or things, either two in number or more than two considered individually *between用於指两个或两个以上各自独立的人或事物: one book between two (pupils) 两个人（小学生）一本书 * She divided her possessions equally between her four children. 她把自己的财物平均分给了她的四个孩子. * They hung flags across the street between the houses. 他们把旗子横跨街道悬挂在两边房子中间. * There's a lot of disagreement between the two main political parties on this issue. 对这一问题, 两大政党间有很大分歧. (Compare 试比较: There's a lot of disagreement among politicians on this issue. 对这一问题, 政治家们有很大分歧.)

amoral
[7ei'mCrEl; - 7ei'mC:rEl; e'mCrEl] adj not based on moral standards; not following any moral rules 不基於道德标准的; 不遵守道德准则的. Cf 参看 immoral.

amorous
[5AmErEs; 5AmErEs] adj readily showing or feeling love; relating to (esp sexual) love 表示爱情的; 多情的; 有关（尤指性）爱的; 色情的: * amorous looks, letters, poetry, experiences 脉脉含情的样子、 情书、 情诗、 性爱的体验 * He became quite amorous at the office party. 在职员聚会上他已春心荡漾了. > amorously adv: * gazing amorously into her eyes 含情脉脉地凝视着她的眼睛. amorousness n [U]: * a reputation for amorousness 好色的名声.

amorphous
[E'mC:fEs; E'mCrfEs] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] having no definite shape or form; not organized 无定形的; 无组织的; 杂乱的: * amorphous blobs of paint 乱七八糟的颜料 * an amorphous collection of jumpers and socks 一堆套头毛衣和袜子.

amortize, amortise
[E'mC:taiz; - 'AmErtaiz; 5Aml7taiz] v [Tn] (law 律) end (a debt) by making regular payments into a special fund 向某基金管理机构分期偿还, 摊还（债款）. > amortization, -isation/E7mC:ti'zeiFn; - 7AmErti-; 7AmltE'zeFEn] n [U].

amount
[E'maunt; E'maunt] v [Ipr] ~ to sth 1 add up to or total sth 总计; 共达: * The cost amounted to 250. 费用共达250英镑. * Our information doesn't amount to much, ie We have very little information. 我们的资料有限. 2 be equal to or the equivalent of sth 等於或相当於某事物: * It all amounts to a lot of hard work. 这一切就相当於很多繁重的工作. * What you say amounts to a direct accusation. 你所说的话等於直接的指责. 3 (idm 习语) amount to/come to/be the same thing => same1. 派生： amount n ~ (of sth) (used esp with [U] ns 尤与不可数名词连用) 1 total sum or value 总数; 总额; 总值: a bill for the full amount 全部金额的帐单 * Can you really afford this amount? 你真付得起这个总数吗? 2 quantity 数量: a large amount of work, money, furniture 大量的工作、 钱、 家具 * Food was provided in varying amounts. 食物供应多少不等. * No amount of encouragement would make him jump, ie Despite much encouragement he refused to jump. 无论怎麽鼓励他, 他也不跳. 3 (idm 习语) any amount of sth a large quantity of sth 大量: He can get any amount of help. 他能得到大量的帮助.

amour
[E'muE(r); E'mur] n (joc or rhet 谑或修辞) (esp secret) love affair （尤指秘密的）恋情; 偷情: * Have you heard about his latest amour? 你听说他最近偷情的事了吗?

amour propre
[7AmuE 'prCprE; 7Amur'prCprE] (French 法) self-respect; self-esteem 自尊; 自重; 自负: * Try not to offend his amour propre. 尽量别伤他自尊心.

amp
[Amp; Amp] n (infml 口) = ampere.

ampere
[5AmpeE(r); - 'AmpiEr; 5Ampir] (also amp) n (abbr 缩写 A) unit for measuring electric current 安培. =>App 11 见附录11. 派生： amperage[5AmpEridV; 5AmpEridV] n [U] strength of electric current measured in amperes 安培数; 电流强度.

ampersand
[5AmpEsnd; 5AmpE7sAnd] n sign (&) meaning `and' `&’ 号, 意为 `and': * Ampersands are often used in names of companies, eg Brown, Brown & Watkins. `&'号常用於公司名称中, 如Brown, Brown & Watkins.

amphetamine
[Am'fetEmi:n; Am'fetE7min] n [C, U] (medical 医) (any of several types of) synthetic drug used esp as a stimulant 苯异丙胺; 安非他明.

amphi-
comb form 构词成分 1 both; of both kinds 两; 两类: amphibian. 2 around 圆形的: amphitheatre.

amphibian
[Am'fibiEn; Am'fibiEn] n 1 animal able to live both on land and in water 两栖动物: * Frogs and newts are amphibians. 青蛙和蝾螈都是两栖动物. 2 aircraft that can take off from or alight on either land or water 水陆两用飞行器. 3 vehicle that can move over land or water 水陆两用车.

amphibious
[Am'fibiEs; Am'fibiEs] adj 1 living or operating both on land and in water 两栖的; 水陆两用的: * amphibious vehicles 水陆两用车辆. 2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] involving both sea and land forces 两栖作战的: * amphibious operations 两栖作战.

amphitheatre
(US -ter)[5AmfiWiEtE(r); 5AmfE7WiEtl] n 1 oval or circular unroofed building with rows of seats rising in steps all round an open space, used for presenting entertainments 圆形剧场, 竞技场（椭圆形或圆形露天建 物, 四周有阶梯式座位, 中央有表演场地）: * Some famous amphitheatres were built by the Romans. 一些着名的竞技场都是罗马人修建的. 2 similar but semi-circular arrangement of seats inside a building used for eg lectures 内有半周阶梯式座位的建 物（如阶梯教室）. 3 level area surrounded by hills 四周有小山环绕的平地.

ample
[5Ampl; 5Ampl] adj 1 (more than) enough 足够的: * ample time to get to the station 到车站时间充足 * A small piece of cake will be ample, thank you. 一小块蛋糕就足够了, 谢谢你. * ￡5 will be ample for my needs. 5英镑就足够我用的了. 2 abundant; plentiful 充足的; 富裕的: * a man of ample strength 力气大的人 * The director of the company receives an ample salary. 公司的董事薪水很高. 3 large in size; spacious; extensive 大的; 宽敞的; 广泛的: * an ample bosom 开阔的心胸 * There's ample room for the children on the back seat. 後座很宽敞足容得下孩子们. * The election was given ample coverage on TV. 电视上对选举作了广泛的报道. > amply[5Ampli; 5Ampli] adv: * amply fed, furnished, provided for, rewarded 有足够的食物、 家具、 供应、 报酬.

amplify
[5Amplifai; 5AmplE7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn] 1 increase (sth) in size or strength 放大或增强（某事物）: * amplify the sound, electric current, signal 增强声音、 电流、 信号. 2 add details to (a story, etc); make fuller 补充叙述（故事、 事件等）; 详述: * We must ask you to amplify your statement. 我们得请你对你的说法作进一步的说明. 派生： amplification[7Amplifi'keiFn; 7AmplEfE'keFEn] n [U]. amplifier n device for amplifying (esp sounds or radio signals) 放大器; （尤指）扩音器, 扩大器, 扬声器.

amplitude
[5Amplitju:d; - -tu:d; 5AmplE7tud] n [U] 1 (fml 文) breadth; largeness; abundance 广阔; 广大; 丰富. 2 (physics 物) maximum extent to which a particular vibration, oscilation, radio wave, etc differ from the average 振幅; 波幅; 幅度: * Sound waves are measured by their amplitude. 声波是根据其振幅来测量的.

ampoule
(US also ampule)[5Ampu:l; 5Ampul] n (medical 医) small sealed container holding a liquid, esp for injections 安瓿（装液体的密封小瓶, 尤指注射针剂）.

amputate
[5Ampjuteit; 5Ampju7tet] v [I, Tn] cut off (a diseased or an injured limb) by surgical operation （用外科手术）切除（患病或受伤的肢体）; 截（肢）; 施截肢术: * Her arm is so badly injured they will have to amputate (it). 她的胳膊伤势严重, 他们不得不锯掉（它）. > amputation[7Ampju'teiFn; 7Ampju'teFEn] n [U, C].

amuck
= amok.

amulet
[5Amjulit; 5AmjElit] n piece of jewellery, etc worn as a charm1(2) against evil 护身符（为避邪而佩带的珠宝等物）.

amuse
[E'mju:z; E'mjuz] v [Tn] 1 make (sb) laugh or smile 逗（某人）笑: * Everyone was amused at/by the story about the dog. 大家听了关於那只狗的故事都笑起来了. * My funny drawings amused the children. 我的滑稽的图画把孩子们给逗乐了. * We were amused to learn that... 我们得知...都笑了起来. 2 make time pass pleasantly for (sb) 使（某人）消遣: * These toys will help to keep the baby amused. 这些玩具能让这个婴儿一直很快乐. * They amused themselves by looking at old photographs. 他们以看旧照片消遣. 派生： amusement 1 [C] thing that makes time pass pleasantly 娱乐品; 娱乐活动; 消遣: I would never choose to watch cricket as an amusement. 我决不会把看板球当作消遣. * The hotel offers its guests a wide variety of amusements. 这个旅馆为住客提供了各种各样的娱乐活动. 2 [U] state of being amused 娱乐; 快乐: She could not disguise her amusement at his mistake. 她对他的错误忍俊不禁. * To my great amusement his false beard fell off. 使我感到极其好笑的是他的假胡子掉下来了. * I only do it for amusement, ie not for any serious purpose. 我只不过是做着玩而已（并无正经目的）. a`musement arcade room or hall containing coin-operated machines for playing games 游戏机室, 游戏机厅（设有以硬币开动的机器）. a`musement park open area with swings, roundabouts, shooting galleries, etc where one can amuse oneself 娱乐园（设有秋千、 旋转木马、 打靶场等）. amusing adj causing laughter or smiles; enjoyable 好笑的; 有趣的; 引人发笑的: an amusing story, story-teller 好笑的故事、 讲故事的人 * Our visits to the theatre made the holiday more amusing. 我们因看了几场戏而使假日倍添情趣.

an
=> a2.

anachronism
[E'nAkrEnizEm; E'nAkrE7nizEm] n 1 mistake of placing sth in the wrong historical period 时代上的错误, 弄错年代（将某事物置错历史时期的错误）: * It would be an anachronism to talk of Queen Victoria watching television. 谈到维多利亚女王看电视是时代上的错误. 2 thing dated wrongly in this way 被置错时代或年代的事物: * Modern dress is an anachronism in productions of Shakespeare's plays. 在莎士比亚剧作演出中出现的现代服装, 是弄错年代的东西. 3 person, custom or idea regarded as out of date 被视为过时的人、 习俗、 思想: * The monarchy is seen by some as an anachronism in present-day society. 君主政体在当今社会中被一些人视为是过时的制度. > anachronistic/ E9nAkrE5nIstIk; E9nAkrE`nIstIk/ adj.

anaconda
[7AnE'kCndE; 7AnE'kandE] n large snake of tropical S America that crushes its victims to death 森蚺（产於热带南美洲的大蟒蛇, 可用身体绞死猎物, 亦称大水蟒）.

anaemia
(US anemia)[E'ni:miE; E'nimiE] n [U] (medical 医) condition of the blood caused by a lack of red corpuscles, making the person look pale 贫血症. 派生： anaemic (US anemic)[E'ni:mik; E'nimik] adj 1 suffering from or showing the symptoms of anaemia 患贫血症的; 显示贫血症的: * She looks anaemic in my opinion. 我看她像有贫血症. 2 (fig 比喻) lacking vigour; weak 缺少活力的; 虚弱的: * an anaemic performance 有气无力的表演.

anaesthesia
[7Anis'Wi:ziE; 7AnEs'WiViE] (US anesthesia/ -5Wi:VE; -`WiVE/) n [U] state of being unable to feel (pain, heat, cold, etc) （对疼痛、 热、 冷等）感觉缺失; 麻木; 麻醉. 派生： anaesthetic (US anesthetic)[7Anis'Wetik; 7AnEs'Wetik] n [C, U] substance or process that produces anaesthesia 麻醉剂; 麻醉术: * be under (an) anaesthetic 处於麻醉状态 * give sb a general anaesthetic, ie cause sb to lose consciousness 给某人全身麻醉 * a local anaesthetic (ie one affecting part of the body) for the removal of a tooth 为拔牙而施的局部麻醉. -- adj producing anaesthesia 产生麻醉的. anaesthetist (US anesthetist)[E'ni:sWEtist; E'nesWEtist] n person trained to administer anaesthetics 麻醉师. anaesthetize, -ise (US anesthetize)[E'ni:sWEtaiz; E'nesWE7taiz] v [Tn] administer an anaesthetic to (sb); deprive of sensation 使麻醉; 使麻木. anaesthetization, -isation (US anesthetization)[E'ni:sWEtai'zeiFn; E7nesWEtE'zeFEn] n [U].

anagram
[5AnEgrm; 5AnEgrAm] n word or phrase made by rearranging the letters of another word or phrase 变形词; 变形词组（将一词或一词组的字母位置变换而组成的新词或新词组）: * `Cart-horse' is an anagram of `orchestra'. `Cart-horse'是`orchestra'的变形词. * This crossword is full of anagrams. 这个纵横填字字谜里有很多变形词.

anal
[5einl; 5enl] adj of the anus 肛门的: * the anal region 肛门部位.

analgesia
[7AnAl'dVi:ziE; - -VE; 7AnAl'dViVE] n [U] (medical 医) loss of ability to feel pain while still conscious 痛觉缺失. 派生： analgesic[7AnAl'dVi:sik; 7AnAl'dVisik] adj, n (having the effects of a) substance that relieves pain 止痛的; 止痛药: * Aspirin is a mild analgesic. 阿司匹林是药性平和的止痛药.

analogous
[E'nAlEgEs; E'nAlEgEs] adj ~ (to/with sth) partially similar or parallel; offering an analogy 类似的; 相似的: * The two processes are not analogous. 这两种过程不相似. * The present crisis is analogous with the situation immediately before the war. 目前的危机与大战前夕的形势类似. > analogously adv.

analogue
(US analog)[5AnElCg; - -lC:g; 5Anl7Cg] n thing that is similar to another thing 类似物: * A vegetarian gets protein not from meat but from its analogues. 素食者所摄取的蛋白质不是来自肉类而是来自近似肉类的食物. 复合： ,analogue com`puter computer using physical quantities, eg voltage, weight, length, etc, to represent numbers 模拟计算机（用物理量如电压、 重量、 长度等来表示数量的计算机）: A slide-rule is a simple analogue computer. 计算尺是简单的模拟计算机. Cf 参看 digital computer (digit).

analogy
[E'nAlEdVi; E'nAlEdVi] n 1 [C] ~ (between sth and sth) partial similarity between two things that are compared 类似; 相似: * point to analogies between the two events 指出两起事件的相似之处 * The teacher drew an analogy between the human heart and a pump. 教师打了一个比喻, 把人的心脏比作唧筒. 2 [U] ~ (with sth) process of reasoning based on such similarity 类推: * My theory applies to you and by analogy to others like you. 我的理论适用於你, 照此类推, 也适用於像你这样的其他人. 3 [U] way in which words change their form because of their similarity to other words 类推法（因某些词与其它词相似而类推出其词形变化的方法）.

analyse
(US analyze)[5AnElaiz; 5Anl7aiz] v [Tn] 1 separate (sth) into its parts in order to study its nature or structure 分析（将事物分解成各部分以研究其性质或结构）: * analyse the sample and identify it 分析样品进行鉴定 * By analysing the parts of the sentence we learn more about English grammar. 分析句子成分就能多了解一些英语语法. 2 examine and explain (sth) 观察并解释（某事物）; 研究: * We must try to analyse the causes of the strike. 我们得研究一下罢工的原因. 3 = psycho-analyse.

analysis
[E'nAlEsis; E'nAlEsis] n (pl -yses[-Esi:z;-E7siz] ) 1 [U, C] study of sth by examining its parts and their relationship 分析（对事物的各个部分及其相互关系的研究）: * Textual analysis identified the author as Shakespeare. 对原文的分析研究鉴定出作者是莎士比亚. * Close analysis of sales figures shows clear regional variations. 对销售额的仔细分析显示出明显的地区差别. 2 [C] statement of the result of this 分析结果的报告: * present a detailed analysis of the situation 对形势提出一份详细的分析报告. 3 [U] = psycho-analysis. 4 (idm 习语) in the ,last/,final a`nalysis after all due consideration 总之; 归根结底: * In the final analysis I think our sympathy lies with the heroine of the play. 总之, 我认为我们都同情剧中的女主人公. 派生： analytic[7AnE'litik; 7Anl'itik] , analytical[-kl; -kl- -] adjs of or using analysis 分析的; 用分析方法的. analytically[-kli; -kli] adv.

analyst
[5AnElist; 5Anlist] n 1 person skilled in making (esp chemical) analyses 分析家; （尤指）化验员. 2 = psycho-analyst.

anapaest
[5AnEpi:st; 5AnE7pest] (US anapest[-pest;-7pest] ) n metrical foot in poetry consisting of two short or unstressed syllables followed by one long or stressed syllable 抑抑扬格（有两个短音节或非重音音节, 其後跟有一个长音节或重音音节的一种音步）. > anapaestic[7AnE'pi:stik; 7AnE'pestik] (US anapestic[-'pestik; -'pestik] ) adj: * `Like the `leaves of the `forest when `summer is `green' has an anapaestic rhythm. `Like the `leaves of the `forest when `summer is `green' 的韵律属於抑抑扬格.

anaphora
[E'nAfErE; E'nAfErE] n [U] (grammar) use of a word to refer back to or replace a word previously used, eg do in If you don't want to iron my shirt I'll do it. 前指替代法（用一个词来复指或替代前面用过的词, 如在If you don't want to iron my shirt I' ll do it句中do的用法）. > anaphoric[7AnE'fCrik; 7AnE'fCrik] adj.

anarchy
[5AnEki; 5Anlki] n [U] 1 absence of government or control in society; lawlessness 无政府状态; 无法无天: * The overthrow of the regime was followed by a period of anarchy. 那政权被推翻以後, 有一段时期是无政府状态. 2 disorder; confusion 无秩序; 混乱: * In the absence of their teacher the class was in a state of anarchy. 教师不在, 班上一片混乱. 派生： anarchic/E'na:kik; En'arkik] , anarchical[-ikl;-ikl] adjs. anarchism[5AnEkizEm; 5AnlkizEm] n [U] political theory that laws and government should be abolished 无政府主义（主张法律和政府都应取消的一种政治理论）. anarchist n person who believes in anarchism 无政府主义者.

anathema
[E'nAWEmE; E'nAWEmE] n 1 [U, C] detested person or thing 极讨厌的人或事物: * Racial prejudice is (an) anathema to me. 我对种族偏见深恶痛绝. 2 [C] formal declaration of the Christian Church, excommunicating sb or condemning sth as evil （基督教把某人逐出教会或谴责某事物为邪恶的）咒诅. 派生： anathematize, -ise/E'nAWEmEtaiz; E'nAWEmE7taiz] v [I, Tn] curse (sb/sth) 诅咒（某人[某事物]）.

anatomy
[E'nAtEmi; E'nAtEmi] n 1 [U] scientific study of the structure of animal bodies 解剖学: * We have to do anatomy next term. 我们下学期得学解剖学了. 2 [C] bodily structure of an animal or plant （动植物的）解剖构造: * the anatomy of the frog 青蛙的解剖构造. 3 [C] (joc 谑) human body 人体: * Various parts of his anatomy were clearly visible. 他身体的各个部分都看得很清楚. 派生： anatomical[7AnE'tCmikl; 7AnE'tamikl] adj. anatomically[-kli; -kli] adv. anatomist/E'nAtEmist; E'nAtEmist] n person who studies anatomy 解剖学者. -ance, -ence suff 後缀 (with vs forming ns 与动词结合构成名词) action or state of ...的动作或状态: assistance * resemblance * confidence.

ancestor
[5AnsestE(r); 5Ansestl] n 1 (fem 阴性作 ancestress[-tris; -tris] ) any of the people from whom sb is descended, esp those more remote than his grandparents; forefather 祖先; 祖宗: * His ancestors had come to England as refugees. 他的祖先来到英国的时候是难民. Cf 参看 descendant (descend). 2 (fig 比喻) early form of a machine or structure which later became more developed; forerunner 原型（某机器或结构的早期形式）; 先驱: * The ancestor of the modern bicycle was called a penny farthing. 现代自行车的原型叫做‘前轮大後轮小的自行车’. 派生： ancestral/An'sestrEl; An'sestrEl] adj belonging to or inherited from one's ancestors 祖先的; 祖传的: * her ancestral home 她的祖居. ancestry[5Ansestri; 5Ansestri] n line of ancestors 世系: * a distinguished ancestry 名门望族.

anchor
[5ANkE(r); 5ANkl] n 1 heavy metal device attached to a rope, chain, etc and used to moor a ship or boat to the sea-bottom or a balloon to the ground 锚, 锚固装置（用缆、 链等连接着的金属设备, 用以将船舶固定於海底或将气球固定在地面上）: * They brought the boat into the harbour and dropped (the) anchor. 他们把船开进海港下锚停泊. 2 (fig 比喻) person or thing that gives stability or security 可以依靠的人或事物; 靠山; 後盾. 3 (idm 习语) at `anchor moored by the anchor 抛锚停泊: * We lay at anchor outside the harbour. 我们在港外抛锚停泊. bring (a ship)[come to `anchor stop sailing and lower the anchor 停航抛锚. cast anchor => cast. ride at anchor => ride2. slip anchor => slip2. weigh anchor => weigh. 派生： anchor v [I, Tn] lower an anchor; make (sth) secure with an anchor 抛锚; 用锚固装置固定（某物）: We anchored (our boat) close to the shore. 我们近岸抛锚停泊（船）. anchorage[5ANkEridV; 5ANklridV] n 1 [C] place where ships, etc may anchor safely （船只等安全的）停泊处, 锚地. 2 [U] money charged for anchoring 停泊税. 复合： `anchor man/mAn; mAn] 1 person who co-ordinates the work of a group, esp that of interviewers and reporters in a radio or television broadcast （尤指无线电或电视采访的）主持人. 2 strong member of a sports team who has a vital part to play （运动队员中的）主力: * The anchor man in a relay team runs last. 接力队中的主力跑最後一棒.

anchorite
[5ANkErait; 5ANkE7rait] n hermit or religious recluse 隐士; 隐居修道者.

anchovy
[5AntFEvi; - 'AntFEuvi; 5AntFovi] n small fish of the herring family with a strong flavour : * [attrib 作定语] ,anchovy `paste 鱼酱.

ancient
[5einFEnt; 5enFEnt] adj 1 belonging to times long past 古代的; 远古的: * ancient civilizations 古代的文明. 2 (usu joc 通常作戏谑语) very old 极老的: * I feel pretty ancient when I see how the younger generation behaves. 看到年轻一代的举止行为, 我觉得我太老了. =>Usage at old 用法见old. 派生： the ancients n [pl] people who lived in ancient times, esp the Greeks and Romans （尤指希腊及罗马的）古人. 复合： ,ancient `history history of the Greek and Roman civilizations 古代史（希腊及罗马文明史）. ,ancient `monument (Brit) old building, etc recognized by the Government as worth preserving 古迹 （尤指英国政府认为值得保存的古代建 物）.

ancillary
[An'silEri; - 'AnsEleri; 5AnsE7leri] adj ~ (to sth) helping in a subsidiary way 辅助的: * ancillary staff, duties, roads, industries 辅助职员、 任务、 道路、 工业. -ancy, -ency suff 後缀 (with ns, adjs and vs forming ns 与名词、 形容词、 动词结合构成名词) state or quality of ...的状态或性质: complacency * irrelevancy * presidency.

and
[ End, En, also n; End, En, n, esp after t, d; strong form 强读式 nd; And] conj (used to connect words of the same part of speech, phrases or clauses) 1 also; in addition to 和; 与; 及; 同; 又; 并; 亦; 且; 兼; 而: * bread and butter 面包和黄油 * slowly and carefully 缓慢而仔细地 * able to read and write 能读又能写 * one woman, two men and three children 一个女人、 两个男人及叁个孩子 * shutting doors and opening windows 关门及开窗 (When and connects two ns standing for things or people that are closely linked, a determiner is not normally repeated before the second n 若and所连接的两个名词为紧密相关的人或物, 第二个名词前一般不必再用限定词, 如 a knife and fork 一副刀叉, my father and mother 我的父母, 否则就要重复限定词, 如 a knife and a spoon 一把刀和一个勺, my father and my uncle 我的父亲和我的叔父.) 2 added to; plus 加: * 5 and 5 makes 10. 5加5等於 10. (When numbers are said, and is used between the hundreds and any digits that follow 说到数目时, 百位和其後任何位数之间要用and, 如 two thousand, two hundred and sixty four 二千二百六十四, 即2264. The use of and in expressions of time is now dated 表示时间的词语中使用 and, 这一用法现已过时, 如 five and twenty past two, 现作 twenty-five past two 两点二十五.) 3 then; following this 然後; 其後; 接着; 就: * She came in and sat down. 她进来以後就坐下了. * I pulled the trigger and the gun went off. 我一扣扳机, 枪就响了. 4 as a result of this 因此; 那麽; 就: * Work hard and (ie If you work hard) you will pass your examinations. 你若用功, 考试就能及格. * Arrive late once more and (ie If you arrive late once more) you're fired. 你再迟到一次, 就把你开除. 5 then again; repeatedly; increasingly 一再地; 重复地; 继续增加地: * We walked for miles and miles. 我们走了很长很长的路. * They talked for hours and hours. 他们谈了很长很长时间.

and1
* Your work is getting better and better. 你干得越来越好了. * He tried and tried but without success. 他试了又试却未成功. 6 contrasting with (different kinds of the same thing) 与（同一事物的不同种类）相对照: * Don't worry there are rules and rules, ie Some rules are more important, more easy to ignore, etc than others. 别担心--规则跟规则不一样（有的规则比其他规则重要、 容易疏忽等）. 复合： and/or (infml 口) together with or as an alternative to ...和...或者...或...: Bring wine and/or chocolates. 把酒和[或]巧克力拿来. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: In informal English and can be used after a few verbs (eg go, come) instead of to. It indicates purpose 在口语中, and可代替to用於少数几个动词如go、 come之後, 表示目的: Will you go and fetch me a screwdriver, please? 请你去给我拿把改锥来, 好吗? * Can I come and look at your work? 我能来看看你的作品吗? * We stayed and had a drink. 我们留下来喝了点酒. * He stopped and bought some flowers. 他停下来买了些花. When used with try and in the phrase wait and see only the base form of the verb is possible 在与try连用时及在wait and see这一词组中, 动词只可用原形: Try and improve. 尽量改进. * We'll try and get one tomorrow. 我们明天设法弄一个来. * `What's for dinner?’ `Wait and see.’ ‘吃什麽饭?’‘等着瞧吧.’

andante
[An'dAnti; An'dAnti] adj, adv (music 音) (to be played) in moderately slow time 行板速度（的）; 用行板速度（演奏）（的）. 派生： andante n piece of music (to be) played thus 行板速度演奏的乐曲.

andiron
[5AndaiEn; 5And7ailn] (also firedog) n iron support (usu one of a pair) for holding logs in a fireplace 柴架（壁炉中盛木柴的铁架, 常为一对）.

androgynous
[An'drCdVinEs; An'dradVEnEs] adj 1 having both male and female characteristics; hermaphrodite 兼有雌雄两性特徵的; 兼有男女两性的: * pop-stars dressing up in androgynous styles 穿着半男半女式服装的流行歌手. 2 (botany 植) (of a plant) having both stamens and pistils in the same flower （指植物）一朵花中兼有雄蕊和雌蕊的; 雌雄同序的.

anecdote
[5AnikdEut; 5Anik7dot] n short, interesting or amusing story about a real person or event 轶事, 逸闻（关於真人真事的短小有趣的事）. > anecdotal/ 9Anek9dEUtl; 9AnIk`dotl/ adj: * anecdotal memoirs 轶事录.

anemia, anemic
(US) = anaemia, anaemic.

anemometer
[7Ani'mCmitE(r); 7AnE'mamEtl] (also windgauge) n instrument for measuring the force of the wind 风速表.

anemone
[E'nemEni; E'nemE7ni] n small wild or garden plant with white, red or purple star-shaped flowers 银莲花（野生或园栽短小植物, 开白、 红或紫色星状花）.

aneroid barometer
[7AnErCid bE'rCmitE(r); 7AnE7rCid bE'ramEtl] instrument that measures air-pressure by the action of air on the outside of a box containing a vacuum 空盒气压计; 无液气压计.

anesthesia
(US) = anaesthesia, anaesthetic.

anesthetic
(US) = anaesthesia, anaesthetic.

anew
[E'nju:; - E'nu:; E'nu] adv (usu rhet 通常作修辞) in a new or different way; again 重新; 再: * Our efforts must begin anew. 我们得从头再来.

angel
[5eindVl; 5endVEl] n 1 (esp in Christian belief) messenger or attendant of God 天使（尤指基督教信仰中上帝的使者或侍者）: * Angels are usually shown in pictures dressed in white, with wings. 在图画中的天使通常是身穿白衣, 生有翅膀. =>illus 见插图. 2 beautiful, innocent or kind person 安琪儿（美丽、 纯真或善良的人）: * Mary's three children are all angels not like mine. 玛丽的叁个孩子都像安琪儿一样可爱--跟我的孩子可不一样. * Be an angel and make me a cup of tea. 你做做好事, 给我沏杯茶吧. * He sings like an angel, ie very sweetly. 他唱得婉转动听. 3 (idm 习语) a ministering angel => minister2. 派生： angelic/An'dVelik; An'dVelik] adj of or like an angel 天使的; 天使般的; 美丽、 纯真或善良的: * an angelic smile, voice, face 天使般的微笑、 声音、 面孔. angelically[-kli; -kli] adv: * The children behaved angelically. 孩子们乖得像天使一样. 复合： `angel cake light sponge cake 蛋糕. `angel-fish n (pl unchanged 复数不变) fish with wing-like fins 神仙鱼.

angelica
[An'dVelikE; An'dVelikE] n [U] (a) sweet-smelling plant used in cooking and in medicine 白芷（一种有香味的植物, 用於烹调及医药）. (b) stalks of this plant that have been boiled in sugar 蜜饯的白芷茎.

angelus
[5AndVilEs; 5AndVElEs] n [sing] (also Angelus) 1 (in the Roman Catholic Church) prayer to the Virgin Mary （天主教中）对圣母玛利亚的祈祷. 2 bell rung at morning, noon and sunset, calling people to say this prayer （为招唤人们作此祈祷而於早晨、 中午、 日落时敲的）祈祷钟.

anger
[5ANgE(r); 5ANgl] n [U] 1 strong feeling of displeasure and hostility 怒气; 怒火: * filled with anger at the way he had been tricked 对於他这样被骗而怒火中烧 * speak in anger about the plight of poor people 含怒讲述穷人的苦难处境 * It was said in a moment of anger. 那 是一时的气话. 2 (idm 习语) more in sorrow than in anger => sorrow. 派生： anger v [Tn] fill (sb) with anger; make angry 使（某人）发怒; 激怒: He was angered by the selfishness of the others. 他因为别人的自私而发怒.

angina pectoris
[An7dVainE 'pektEris; An'dVainE'pektEris] (also angina) n [U] (medical 医) disease of the heart which results in sharp pains in the chest after exertion 心绞痛.

angle
1[5ANgl; 5ANgl] n 1 space between two lines or surfaces that meet 角（两线或面相交所形成的空间）: * an angle of 45° 45°的角. =>illus 见插图. 2 point of view 角度; 观点: * Seen from this angle the woman in the picture is smiling. 从这个角度来看, 画中的女子面带微笑. * (fig 比喻) Try looking at the affair from a different angle. 试从另一角度来看这件事. 3 corner (of a building or an object) （建 物或物体的）角: * She hit her knee against the angle of the bed. 她的膝盖撞到床角上了. 4 (idm 习语) at an `angle not straight up; sloping 不是直上直下的; 倾斜的: * The famous tower of Pisa leans at an angle. 有名的比萨塔是斜的. 派生： angle v 1 [Tn] move or place (sth) in a slanting position 斜移或斜置（某物）: Try angling the camera for a more interesting picture. 试用照相机斜着照, 照出来的相片更有意思. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (at/to/towards sb) present (information, etc) from a particular point of view 从某一角度传达（信息等）: This programme is angled at young viewers. 这个节目是针对年轻观众的.

Anglican
[5ANglikEn; 5ANglikEn] n, adj (member) of the Church of England or of another Church with the same beliefs and forms of worship 英国国教的, 英国圣公会等的（教徒）: * the Anglican prayer-book 英国国教的祈祷书.

Anglicize, Anglicise
[5ANglisaiz; 5ANglE7saiz] v [Tn] make (sb/sth) English or like English 使（某人[某事物]）英国化或英语化: * Anglicized pronunciation 英语化的发音. 派生： Anglicism[5ANglisizEm; 5ANglE7sizEm] n typically English way of saying sth; English word or phrase used by speakers of another language 典型的英国说法; （说另一语言的人所使用的）英语词语: * The French language contains many Anglicisms, such as `le weekend'. 法语中含有很多英语词语如 `le weekend'.

Anglo
American

Anglo-
comb form 构词成分 English or British 英国的; 不列颠的: Anglo-American * Anglophobia.

Anglophile
[5ANglEufail; 5ANglo7fail] n person who loves England or English things 亲英者（喜爱英国或英国事物的人）.

Anglophobe
[5ANglEufEub; 5ANglo7fob] n person who hates or fears England or English things 仇英者, 恐英者（对英国或英国事物憎恶或恐惧的人）.

Anglophobia
[7ANglEu'fEubiE; 7ANglo'fobiE] n [U] (esp excessive) hatred or fear of England or English things 仇英, 恐英（对英国或英国事物极度的憎恶或恐惧）.

anglophone
[5ANglEufEun; 5ANglo7fon] n, adj (person) speaking English, esp where English is not the only language spoken 说英语的（人）（尤指在英语并非唯一通行的语言地区）.

angora
[AN'gC:rE; AN'gCrE] n 1 [C] long-haired breed of cat, goat or rabbit 安哥拉猫、 山羊或兔. 2 [U] yarn or material made from the hair of angora goats or rabbits 安哥拉毛纱或呢（用安哥拉山羊或兔的毛纺成的毛纱或制成的毛呢）.

angry
[5ANgri; 5ANgri] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 ~ (with sb) (at/about sth) filled with anger 生气的; 愤怒的; 发怒的: * angry at being delayed/about the delay 因被耽搁[因耽搁]而生气 * I was angry with myself for making such a stupid mistake. 我因为犯了这麽愚蠢的错误而在生自己的气. * (fig 比喻) The sea/sky looks angry, ie stormy, threatening. 海上怒涛澎湃[天空乌云滚滚、 风雨交加]. 2 (of a wound) painful; inflamed （指伤口）疼痛的, 发炎的. 3 (idm 习语) an angry young man young man, esp an intellectual, who disagrees strongly with the existing moral, social and political attitudes and tries to change them by means of public protest, through his writings, etc 愤怒的青年（尤指知识分子, 因强烈不满现实的道德、 社会、 政治等观念, 力图通过写作等方式鼓动人民大众奋起反抗进行改革）. > angrily[-Eli; -Eli] adv.

angst
[ANst; ANst] n [U] (German 德) feeling of anxiety, guilt or remorse, esp about the state of the world 忧虑, 负疚, 懊恼（尤指对於世界局势）.

anguish
[5ANgwiF; 5ANgwiF] n [U] severe physical or mental pain （肉体的或精神的）极度痛苦: * I was in anguish until I knew she was still alive. 我以前不知道她还活着, 所以一直万分痛苦. 派生： anguished adj feeling or expressing anguish 感到痛苦的; 表现痛苦的: an anguished heart 痛苦的心情 * anguished cries 痛苦的叫喊.

angular
[5ANgjulE(r); 5ANgjEll] adj 1 having angles or sharp corners 有角的; 有尖角的. 2 (of people) thin and bony （指人）瘦削的, 骨瘦如柴的. 3 (of a person's character or manner) stiff and awkward （指性格或举止）死板的, 生硬的, 不灵活的: * an angular posture, gait, stride 僵挺的姿势、 步法、 大步. 4 measured by the angle 用角度量的: * angular distance, ie the distance between two objects measured as an angle from a given point 角距离（由一定点到两物体之间所量度的夹角）. > angularity[7ANgju'lrEti; 7ANgjE'lArEti] n [U, C].

aniline
[5Anili:n; - 'AnElin; 5Anl7in] n [U] oily liquid obtained chemically from coal tar, used in making dyes, drugs, etc 苯胺（用化学方法自煤焦油中提炼出的油状液体, 用於制造染料、 药品等）.

animadvert
[7Animd'vE:t; 7AnEmAd'vEt] v [Ipr] ~ (on sb/sth) (fml 文) make (esp critical) remarks about sb/sth 评论、 （尤指）批评、 谴责某人[某事物]. 派生： animadversion[-'vE:Fn; - -Vn; -'vEVEn] n [C, U] criticism 评论; 批评; 谴责.

animal
[5Animl; 5AnEml] n 1 living thing that can feel and move voluntarily 动物（能有感觉并能自行移动的生物）: * Men, dogs, birds, flies, fish and snakes are all animals. 人、 狗、 鸟、 蝇、 鱼、 蛇都是动物. * [attrib 作定语] the `animal kingdom 动物界. Cf 参看 vegetable, mineral. 2 any such creature other than a human being 动物（除人以外的此类任何生物）. 3 four-footed creature as distinct from a bird, a fish or an insect 四足动物, 兽, 牲畜（有别於鸟、 鱼、 虫）. 4 wild or brutish person 粗野残暴的人; 兽性的人; 衣冠禽兽. 派生： animal adj [attrib 作定语] characteristic of animals 有动物特性的: animal needs, eg food and drink 肉体上的需要（如食物和饮料） * animal desires, ie sexual desires 肉欲. 复合： ,animal `husbandry the care and management of cattle, sheep, horses, etc 畜牧业（对牛、 羊、 马等的饲养和管理）. ,animal `magnetism 1 (formerly) hypnotism （旧时）动物磁性（催眠术）. 2 physical attraction in animals 动物间的肉体吸引. ,animal `spirits natural enjoyment of life 生趣; 生气.

animalcule
[7Ani'mlkju:l; 7AnE'mAlkjul] n microscopically small animal 微小动物.

animate
1[5AnimEt; 5AnEmEt] adj living; having life 活的; 有生命的: * The dog lay so still it scarcely seemed animate. 那条狗卧着一动也不动, 简直不像活的.

animism
[5AnimizEm; 5AnE7mizEm] n [U] belief that all natural objects and phenomena (eg trees, stones, the wind, etc) have souls 泛灵论, 万物有灵论（相信一切自然的物体及现象, 如树、 石、 风等都有灵魂）.

animosity
[7Ani'mCsEti; 7AnE'masEti] n [C, U] ~ (against/towards sb/sth); ~ (between A and B) (instance of) strong dislike or of hostility 憎恶; 敌意; 仇恨: * He felt no animosity towards his critics. 他对批评他的人并不怀恨在心. * I could sense the animosity between them. 我能觉察出他们彼此间的敌意.

animus
[5AnimEs; 5AnEmEs] n [U] 1 animosity shown in speech or action （表现在语言或行动中的）敌意, 恶意, 仇恨. 2 (psychology 心) masculine part of a woman's personality （女性人格中的）男性基质.

anise
[5Anis; 5Anis] n plant with sweet-smelling seeds 茴芹.

aniseed
[5Anisi:d; 5Ani7sid] n [U] seed of anise, used for flavouring liqueurs and sweets 茴芹籽（用於酒类及糖果调味）.

ankle
[5ANkl; 5ANkl] n 1 joint connecting the foot with the leg 踝; 踝关节. 2 thin part of the leg between this joint and the calf 踝节部; 脚腕子: * [attrib 作定语] `ankle socks, ie short socks covering the ankles but no higher （只到踝节部的）短袜. =>illus at foot 见foot之插图. 派生： anklet[5ANklit; 5ANklit] ornamental chain, ring or band worn round the ankle 脚镯（戴在脚腕子上作装饰用的链、 环或箍）.

annals
[5Anlz; 5Anlz] n [pl] story of events year by year; historical records 编年史; 历史记载; 年鉴: * a name that will go down in the annals, ie be recorded in history 将载入编年史的名字（载入史册） * the Annals of the Society 社会年刊. 派生： annalist[5AnElist; 5Anlist] n person who writes annals 编年史作者.

anneal
[E'ni:l; E'nil] v [Tn] make (metals, glass, etc) tough by cooling slowly after heating 使（金属、 玻璃等）退火、 焖火（将金属或玻璃加热, 然後缓慢冷却, 以增强其韧性）.

annex
[E'neks; E'neks] v 1 [Tn] take possession of (a territory, etc) 兼并, 并吞（领土等）: * annex a neighbouring state 兼并邻国. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sth) add or join sth to a larger thing 附加; 添加: * A new wing has been annexed to the hospital. 医院已经增建了一个新侧楼. 派生： annexation[7Anek'seiFn; 7Aneks'eFEn] n (a) [U] act of annexing 并吞; 附加. (b) [C] instance of this; that which is annexed 并吞; 附加; 附加物.

annexe
(also esp US annex)[5Aneks; 5Aneks] n ~ (to sth) 1 building added to a larger one; building providing additional accommodation 增建部分; 添加的建 ; 附属建 : * The hotel was full so we had to sleep in the annexe. 旅馆已经客满, 我们只好到附属部去睡. 2 addition, eg to a document 附录, 附件（如附加於文件者）.

annihilate
[E'naiEleit; E'naiE7let] v [Tn] destroy (sb/sth) completely 完全消灭, 歼灭（某人[某事物]）: * The enemy was annihilated. 敌人被歼灭了. 派生： annihilation/E7naiE'leiFn; E7naiE'leFEn] n [U] complete destruction 全部毁灭; 灭绝: * A full-scale nuclear war could lead to the annihilation of the human race. 全面的核子战争能导致人类的灭绝.

anniversary
[7Ani'vE:sEri; 7AnE'vEsEri] n yearly return of the date of an event; celebration of this 周年纪念日; 周年纪念: * the hundredth anniversary of the composer's death 作曲家逝世一百周年纪念 * our wedding anniversary 我们的结婚周年纪念 * [attrib 作定语] an anniversary dinner 周年纪念餐.

annotate
[5AnEteit; 5AnE7tet] v [Tn] add notes to (a book, manuscript, text, etc) giving explanation or comment 给（书、 稿、 文字等）作注释或评注: * annotated by the author 由作者加注释的. 派生： annotation[7AnE'teiFn; 7AnE'teFEn] n 1 [U] action or process of annotating （作）注释; （作）评注. 2 [C] note or comment added to a text 注释; 评注: * annotations in the margin 页边上的评注.

announce
[E'nauns; E'nauns] v 1 [Tn, Tf, Tw, Dn.pr, Dpr.f, Dpr.w] make (sth) known publicly 宣布; 宣告; 发表: * They announced their engagement to the family. 他们向家里宣布他们已经订婚了. * The Prime Minister announced that she would resign. 首相宣布她将辞职. * Have they announced when the race will begin? 宣布比赛什麽时候开始了吗? 2 [Tn] make known the presence or arrival of (sb/sth) 通报（某人[某事物]）的出席或到来: * Would you announce the guests as they come in? 客人来时你通报一声好吗? 3 [Tn] introduce (a speaker, singer, etc) on radio, TV, etc （在无线电、 电视等上）主持介绍（演讲者、 演唱者等）. 派生： announcement n statement in spoken or written form that makes sth known 宣布; 宣告; 通告: The announcement of the royal birth was broadcast to the nation. 王室成员降生的通告已向全国广播. * Announcements of births, marriages and deaths appear in some newspapers. 有些报纸刊登出生、 婚姻、 死亡的通告. announcer n person who announces speakers, singers, programmes, etc, esp on radio or TV 播音员, 广播员（尤指无线电或电视节目主持人）.

annoy
[E'nCi; E'nCi] v [Tn] 1 cause slight anger to (sb); irritate 使（某人）不悦; 惹恼: * His constant sniffing annoys me. 他不停地抽鼻子使我心烦. * It annoys me when people forget to say thank you. 遇到有人忘记道谢的时候, 我就不痛快. * I was annoyed by his insensitive remarks. 我听了他那些没分寸的话, 心里很不痛快. 2 cause trouble or discomfort to (sb); harass 打搅, 骚扰（某人）: * Stop annoying your mother. 别再烦你母亲了. * The mosquitoes annoyed me so much I couldn't sleep. 蚊 子搅得我无法入睡. 派生： annoyance[-Ens; -Ens] n 1 [U] being annoyed 烦恼: * a look of annoyance 烦恼的表情 * much to our annoyance 使我们十分烦恼地. 2 [C] thing that annoys 烦恼的事物: * One of the annoyances of working here is the difficulty of parking near the office. 在这里工作有一件伤脑筋的事, 就是在办公处附近很难停车. annoyed adj ~ (with sb) (at/about sth); ~ (that.../to do sth) rather angry 颇为生气的: He got very annoyed with me about my carelessness. 我太粗心大意, 使他很生气. * I'm extremely annoyed at the way he always stares at me in the office. 他在办公室里老是目不转睛地盯着我, 真把我气坏了. * Will she be annoyed that you forgot to phone? 你忘记打电话了, 她会生气吗? * I was annoyed to find they had left without me. 他们撇下我走了, 使我很不痛快. annoying adj causing slight anger or irritation 使人颇为生气或烦恼的: This interruption is very annoying. 这种打扰真讨厌. * How annoying, I've left my wallet at home! 多讨厌, 我把钱包落在家里了.

annual
[5AnjuEl; 5AnjuEl] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] 1 happening every year 每年的; 年度的; 一年一次的: * annual event, meeting, report, show, visit 一年一次的大事、 会议、 报告、 演出、 访问. 2 calculated for the year 按年度计算的: * an annual income, production, rainfall, subscription 年收入、 产量、 雨量、 （预订）费. 3 lasting for one year 持续一年的: * the annual course of the sun 太阳在一年期间的运行. 派生： annual n 1 plant that lives for one year or season 一年生植物; 一季生植物. 2 book or periodical that is published once a year, having the same title each time but different contents 年鉴; 年刊; 年报. annually adv: The exhibition is held annually. 这种展览每年举行一次.

annuity
[E'nju:Eti; - -'nu:-; E'nuEti] n 1 fixed sum of money paid to sb yearly, usu for the remaining part of his lifetime 年金; 养老金: * receiving a modest annuity 获得些微的年金. 2 form of insurance that provides such a regular annual income 年金保险. 派生： annuitant/E'nju:itEnt; - -'nu:-; E'nuEtEnt] n person who receives an annuity 接受年金的人; 领取养老金的人.

annul
[E'nQl; E'nQl] v [Tn] (-ll-) declare (sth) no longer valid; abolish; cancel 宣告（某事物）无效; 废止; 取消: * annul an agreement/a contract/a law/a marriage 宣告协议[合同/法令/婚姻]无效. > annulment n [C, U].

annular
[5AnjulE(r); 5AnjEll] adj shaped like a ring 环形的; 有环纹的: * The annular markings on a tree indicate its age. 树的环形纹理显示其年龄. 复合： ,annular e`clipse eclipse of the sun by the moon when a ring of sunlight can be seen round the moon 环蚀（在月球周围可见到一圈阳光的日蚀）.

annunciation
[E7nQnsi'eiFn; E7nQnsi'eFEn] n the Annunciation [sing] (religion 宗) (festival held on 25 March to commemorate) the announcement to Mary that she was to be the mother of Christ 圣母领报（天使预告圣母马利亚, 她将生育耶稣）; 圣母领报节（3月25日）.

anode
[5AnEud; 5Anod] n 1 positive electrode by which an electric current enters a device 阳极; 正极. Cf 参看 cathode. 2 positive terminal of a battery 电池的阳极接头.

anodyne
[5AnEdain; 5AnE7dain] n, adj 1 (drug) that can relieve pain 止痛的（药）. 2 (thing) that can relieve or soothe mental distress 能解除或减轻忧愁的（事物）.

anoint
[E'nCint; E'nCint] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (with sth) apply oil or ointment to sb (esp as a religious ceremony) 涂油或膏於某人; （尤指作为一种宗教仪式）为某人施涂油礼: * The priest anointed the baby's forehead. 神父在婴儿的前额上施涂油礼. 2 [Cn.n] show that (sb) has taken high office by doing this 施涂油礼以示（某人）已就高职: * The high priest anointed him king. 大祭司施涂油礼, 以示他已成为国王.

anomalous
[E'nCmElEs; E'namElEs] adj different from what is normal; irregular 异常的; 不规则的: * He is in an anomalous position as the only part-time worker in the firm. 他与众不同, 是公司里唯一的兼职人员. 派生： anomalously adv. anomaly/E'nCmEli; E'namEli] n anomalous thing; irregularity 异常的事物; 不合规则: * the many anomalies in the tax system 税务制度中的多种异常现象.

anon
[E'nCn; E'nan] adv (dated or joc 旧或谑) 1 soon 不久: * See you anon. 再会. 2 (idm 习语) ever and anon => ever.

anonymity
[7AnE'nimEti; 7AnE'nimEti] n [U] state of being anonymous 无名; 匿名; 作者不明.

anonymous
[E'nCnimEs; E'nanEmEs] adj 1 with a name that is not known or not made public 不知姓名的; 名字不公开的: * an anonymous donor, buyer, benefactor, etc 不透露姓名的捐赠者、 购买者、 捐助者等 * The author wishes to remain anonymous. 作者希望姓名不公开. 2 written or given by sb who does not reveal his name 匿名的; 不具名的: * an anonymous letter, message, gift, phone call 匿名信、 不具名的信息、 无名氏的礼物、 未留名的电话. > anonymously adv.

anopheles
[E'nCfili:z; E'nafE7liz] n mosquito of the type that spreads malaria 疟蚊.

anorak
[5AnErk; 5AnE7rAk] n (usu waterproof) hooded jacket worn as a protection against rain, wind and cold （通常为防水的）带风帽外套（可挡雨、 挡风、 御寒的）.

anorexia
[7AnE'reksiE; 7AnE'reksiE] n [U] (medical 医) 1 loss of the wish to eat 厌食; 食欲丧失. 2 (also anorexia nervosa/nE:'vEusE; nl'vosE] ) mental illness that causes abnormal fear of eating and thus leads to dangerous loss of weight 神经性厌食症. 派生： anorexic[7AnE'reksik; 7AnE'reksik] (also anorectic)[-'rektik; -'rektik] n, adj (person who is) suffering from anorexia nervosa 神经性厌食症的（患者）.

another
[E'nQTE(r); E'nQTl] indef det 1 an additional (person or thing) 再加上一个的（人或事物）; 又一; 再一: * Would you like another cup of tea? 你要再来一杯茶吗? * She's going to have another baby. 她又快有孩子了. * In another two weeks it'll be finished. 再过两个星期就完了. 2 a different (person or thing) 不是同一个的（人或事物）; 另一: * We can do it another time. 我们可以下次再做. * She's got another boy-friend. 她又有了一个男朋友. * That's quite another matter. 那完全是另一回事. * This pen doesn't work can you give me another one? 这枝钢笔不行--你能另给我一枝吗? 3 a similar (person or thing) 类似的（人或事物）: * Can he be another Einstein?他能成为另一个爱因斯坦吗? 派生： another indef pron 1 an additional person or thing 另一个人或事物: Can I have another? 我能再来一个吗? * Not another! 别再来一个! * Suddenly the letters started arriving another of them came today. 突然信件都来了--今天又来了一封. 2 a different person or thing 不是同一个人或事物: I don't like this room let's ask for another. 我不喜欢这间屋子--咱们另要一间吧. 3 a similar person or thing 类似的人或事物: Shakespeare is the greatest English writer will there ever be such another? 莎士比亚是最伟大的英国文豪--还能有这样的人物吗?

ans
abbr 缩写 = answer.

answer
1[5a:nsE(r); - 'AnsEr; 5Ansl] n ~ (to sb/sth) 1 thing said, written or done as a response or reaction; reply 回答; 应答; 答覆: * The answer he gave was quite surprising. 他的回答出人意外. * Have you had an answer to your letter? 你那封信有回音了没有? * I rang the bell but there was no answer. 我按了铃, 却没有人应门. 2 solution to a problem, difficulty, etc （难题、 困难等的）解决办法, 答案: * This could be the answer to all our problems. 这或许就是我们全部问题的解决办法. * Who knows the answer to this question? 谁知道这个问题的答案? * The answer to 3 17 is 51. 3 17的答案是51. 3 (idm 习语) a dusty answer => dusty. have/know all the answers (often derog 常作贬义) know a great deal about sth 对某事物所知甚详: * He thinks he knows all the answers. 他自以为什麽都懂. in answer (to sth) as a reply 作为回应: * The doctor came at once in answer to my phone call. 医生一接到我的电话立刻就来了.

answerphone
[5a:nsEfEun; - 'Ans-; 5Ansl7fon] n device that automatically answers telephone calls and records any message left by the caller 电话录音机.

ant
[Ant; Ant] n 1 any of several types of very small insect that live in highly organized groups and work very hard 蚂蚁. 2 (idm 习语) have ants in one's pants (infml 口) be very restless or excited about sth 坐立不安. 复合： `ant-eater n any of various types of animal that feed on ants 食蚁兽. `anthill n mound of earth, etc formed by ants over their nest 蚁冢; 蚁丘. -ant, -ent suff 後缀 1 (with vs forming adjs 与动词结合构成形容词) that is or does (sth) 处於...状态的; 进行...动作的: significant * different. 2 (with vs forming ns 与动词结合构成名词) person or thing that ...的人或事物: inhabitant * deterrent.

antacid
[Ant'Asid; Ant'Asid] n [C, U], adj (substance) that prevents or reduces acidity in the stomach 解酸的（药剂）; 抗酸的（药剂）: * I need an/some antacid to cure my indigestion. 我需要一种[一些]解酸药医治消化不良.

antagonism
[An'tAgEnizEm; An'tAgE7nizEm] n[C, U] ~ (against/for/to/towards sb/sth); ~ (between A and B) (instance of) active opposition or hostility, esp between two people 对立, 对抗, 敌对（尤指两人之间）: * The antagonism he felt towards his old enemy was still very strong. 他对旧冤家的敌对情绪仍然很大. * You could sense the antagonism between them. 你能觉察出他们之间有对立情绪.

antagonist
[An'tAgEnist; An'tAgE7nist] n person who actively opposes sb/sth; adversary 对抗者; 对手; 敌手.

antagonistic
[An7tAgE'nistik; An7tAgE'nistik] adj ~ (to/towards sb/sth) showing or feeling antagonism; hostile 对抗的; 敌对的: * He's always antagonistic towards new ideas. 他总是抗拒新思想. > antagonistically[-kli; -kli] adv.

antagonize, antagonise
[An'tAgEnaiz; An'tAgE7naiz] v [Tn] arouse hostility in (sb); annoy 引起（某人）的对抗; 骚扰: * It would be dangerous to antagonize him. 招惹他可危险.

Antarctic
[An'ta:ktik; Ant'arktik] adj of the regions around the South Pole 南极的. =>illus at globe 见globe之插图. 派生： the Antarctic n [sing] the regions around the South Pole 南极洲. 复合： the Antarctic `Circle the line of latitude 66 30S. 南极圈（南半球66 30的纬线所形成的圈）. =>illus at globe 见globe之插图.

ante
[5Anti; 5Anti] n stake in poker2, etc that a player must make before receiving new cards （打扑克等再要牌前所下的）赌注: * raise/up the ante, ie increase one's stake 加大赌注. 派生： ante v 1 [Tn] make (sth) as an ante 下（赌注）. 2 (phr v) ante up (esp US) make a stake or payment 下赌注; 付款.

antecedent
[7Anti'si:dnt; 7AntE'sidnt] n 1 [C] (fml 文) thing or circumstance that is or comes before another 前事; 前情. 2 [C] (grammar) word or phrase to which a following word, esp a relative pronoun, refers 先行词: * `Which proves I'm right' is not clear unless we know the antecedent of `which'. `Which proves I'm right' 意思不清楚, 必须要知道which这一先行词所指为何才行. 3 antecedents [pl] person's ancestors or past life 祖先; 身世; 经历. 派生： antecedence n [U] (fml 文) priority 居先; 在先. antecedent adj ~ (to sb/sth) (fml 文) previous 先前的.

antechamber
[5AntitFeimbE(r); 5Anti7tFembl] n (fml 文) = ante-room.

antedate
[7Anti'deit; 5Anti7det] (also pre-date) v [Tn] 1 put an earlier date on (a document, letter, etc) than the one at the time of writing （在文件、 信件等上面）写上比实际书写日期早的日期: * an antedated cheque 填有比实际日期早的支票. 2 be before (sth/sb) in time 先於, 早於（某事物[某人]）: * This event antedates the discovery of America by several centuries. 这件事比发现美洲早几个世纪. Cf 参看 post-date.

antediluvian
[7Antidi'lu:viEn; 7Antidi'luviEn] adj 1 of the time before Noah's Flood 挪亚洪水以前的. 2 (infml or joc 口或谑) completely out of date; old-fashioned 完全过时的; 旧式的: * His ideas are positively antediluvian! 他的思想是纯粹的老古董!

antelope
[5AntilEup; 5Antl7op] n (pl unchanged or ~s 复数或不变或作 antelopes) any of various types of animal resembling a deer, with thin legs and able to run very fast, found esp in Africa 羚羊.

antenatal
[7Anti'neitl; 7Anti'netl] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (a) existing or occurring before birth; pre-natal 出生前的; 胎儿期的: * Antenatal complications can affect a baby's health. 胎儿期并发症能影响婴儿的健康. (b) for pregnant women 为孕妇的: * antenatal clinics 产前检查所. Cf 参看 postnatal. 派生： antenatal n medical examination of a pregnant woman 产前检查.

antenna
[An'tenE; An'tenE] n 1 (pl -nae[-ni:; -ni] ) either of a pair of flexible sensitive organs on the heads of insects, crustaceans, etc; feeler 触角; 触须. =>illus at butterfly 见butterfly之插图. 2 (pl ~s) (US) = aerial1 （无线电或电视的）天线.

antepenultimate
[7Antipi'nQltimEt; 7Antipi'nQltEmEt] adj third from last 倒数第叁的: * The main stress in `photography' falls on the antepenultimate syllable. photography一字的主重音在倒数第叁个音节上.

anterior
[An'tiEriE(r); An'tiril] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (fml 文) coming before in position or time; nearer the front 前面的; 先前的; 较靠近前方的. Cf 参看 posterior.

anthem
[5AnWEm; 5AnWEm] n short musical composition, usu for a choir and an organ, to be sung in religious services, often with words taken from the Bible 圣歌（通常为短小的合唱曲, 用管风琴伴奏, 於宗教礼拜时演唱, 歌词多取自《圣经》词句）. Cf 参看 motet.

anther
[5AnWE(r); 5AnWl] n (botany 植) part of the stamen of a flower that contains the pollen 花药（花的雄蕊上带花粉的部分）.

anthology
[An'WClEdVi; An'WalEdVi] n collection of poems or pieces of prose on the same subject or by the same writer （同一主题或同一作者的）诗集, 文集, 选集: * an anthology of love poetry 情诗集. 派生： anthologist/An'WClEdVist; An'WalEdVist] n person who compiles an anthology 选集的编选者.

anthracite
[5AnWrEsait; 5AnWrE7sait] n [U] very hard form of coal that burns with little smoke or flame 无烟煤.

anthrax
[5AnWrks; 5AnWrAks] n [U] infectious, often fatal, disease of sheep and cattle that can be transmitted to people 炭疽（牛羊的传染病, 常可致命, 也可传给人）.

anthrop(o)-
comb form 构词成分 of human beings 人; 人类: anthropomorphic * anthropology.

anthropoid
[5AnWrEpCid; 5AnWrE7pCid] adj man-like in form （形体）似人的: * anthropoid ancestors of modern man 现代人的类人祖先. 派生： anthropoid n any of a group of apes that have no tails and resemble man, eg the chimpanzee or the gorilla 类人猿（如黑猩猩或大猩猩）.

anthropology
[7AnWrE'pClEdVi; 7AnWrE'palEdVi] n [U] study of mankind, esp of its origins, development, customs and beliefs 人类学（对人类的研究, 尤指研究其起源、 发展、 风俗、 信仰）. Cf 参看 ethnology, sociology. 派生： anthropological[7AnWrEpE'lCdVikl; 7AnWrEpE'ladVikl] adj. anthropologist[7AnWrE'pClEdVist; 7AnWrE'palEdVist] n student of or expert in anthropology 人类学者; 人类学家.

anthropomorphic
[7AnWrEpE'mC:fik; 7AnWrEpE'mCrfik] adj treating gods, animals, etc as human in form and personality 拟人化的（把神、 动物等看作具有人的形体及人格的）. > anthropomorphism[7nWrEpE'mC:fizEm; 7AnWrEpE'mCrfizEm] n [U].

anti
personnel

antiballistic missile
[ 9AntIbElIstIk 5mIsaIl; ?@ 5mIsl; 9AntIbE`lIstIk `mIsl] rocket designed to destroy another in the air 反弹道导弹.

antibiotic
[7Antibai'Ctik; 7Antibai'atik] n, adj (substance, eg penicillin) that can destroy or prevent the growth of bacteria 抗菌素, 抗生素（如青霉素）; 抗菌的; 抗生的.

antibody
[5AntibCdi; 5Anti7badi] n substance formed in the blood in response to harmful bacteria, etc, which it then attacks and destroys 抗体（血液中形成的抵抗并杀死病菌的物质）: * Our bodies produce antibodies to counteract disease. 我们的身体能产生抗体以抵抗疾病.

antic
[5Antik; 5Antik] n (usu pl 通常作复数) absurd or exaggerated movement or behaviour intended to amuse people （为引起观众发笑而作出的）滑稽的或夸张的动作: * laughing at the clown's silly antics 因小丑笨拙的动作而发笑.

anticipate
[An'tisipeit; An'tisE7pet] v 1 [Tn, Tf, Tg, Tsg] expect (sth) 期望, 预料（某事物）: * Do you anticipate (meeting) any trouble? 你预料会有麻烦吗? * We anticipate that demand is likely to increase. 我们预料需求可能增加. 2 [Tn, Tf, Tw] see (what is going to happen or what needs to be done) and act accordingly 预见到（要发生的事或需要做的事）而采取措施: * She anticipates all her mother's needs. 她预见到母亲的一切需要而事先做好安排. * Anticipating that it would soon be dark, they all took torches. 他们预见到天快黑了, 就都带上了手电筒. * A good general can anticipate what the enemy will do. 善战的将领能预知敌军动向而作好战斗部署. 3 [Tn, Tsg] (fml 文) do (sth) before it can be done by sb else; forestall (sb/sth) 先（於别人而）做（某事）; 抢先於（某人[某事物]）: * When Scott reached the South Pole he found Amundsen had anticipated him. 当斯科特抵达南极的时候, 发现阿蒙森比他到得更早. * Earlier explorers probably anticipated Columbus's discovery of America. 早期的探险家可能在哥伦布之前已发现美洲. * We anticipated their (making a) complaint by writing a full report. 我们没等他们（提出）投诉而抢先写好了一份详尽的报告. 4 [Tn, Tsg] (fml 文) deal with or use (sth) before the right or natural time 预先处理或提前使用（某事物）: * anticipate one's income, ie spend money before receiving it 提前使用进款. > anticipatory/An'tisipeitEri; An'tisEpE7tori] adj (fml 文): * anticipatory precautions 预先的防范.

anticipation
[An7tisi'peiFn; An7tisE'peFEn] n [U] action or state of anticipating 预料; 预期; 预测: * A tennis player shows good anticipation by moving quickly into position. 网球运动员能迅速进入适当位置, 显示其预测准确. * In anticipation of bad weather they took plenty of warm clothes. 他们预料到会变天而带了很多厚衣服.

anticlimax
[7Anti'klaimAks; 7Anti'klaimAks] n disappointing end to a series of events which had seemed likely to become more interesting, exciting or impressive 令人扫兴的结局: * The holiday itself was rather an anticlimax after all the excitement of planning it. 尽管计划度假时兴致勃勃, 而到头来假日本身却颇为扫兴. > anticlimactic[7Antiklai'mAktik; 7Antiklai'mAktik] adj (fml 文).

anticlockwise
[7Anti'klCkwaiz; 7Anti'klakwaiz] (also esp US counter-clockwise) adv, adj in the direction opposite to the movements of the hands of a clock 逆时针方向（的）: * Turn the key anti`clockwise/in an,anticlockwise di`rection. 逆时针方向转动钥匙. Cf 参看 clockwise (clock1).

anticyclone
[7Anti'saiklEun; 7Anti'saiklon] n area in which atmospheric pressure is high, producing fine and settled weather, with an outward flow of air 反气旋; 高气压区. Cf 参看 depression.

antidote
[5AntidEut; 5Anti7dot] n ~ (against/for/to sth) 1 substance that acts against the effects of a poison or disease 解毒药; 解毒剂: * an antidote against snake-bites, malaria, food poisoning 蛇咬、 疟疾、 食物中毒的解毒药. 2 (fig 比喻) anything that counteracts sth unpleasant 抵销不愉快事物的任何事物: * The holiday was a marvellous antidote to the pressures of office work. 那个假日是消除上班工作压力的灵丹妙药.

antifreeze
[5Antifri:z; 7Anti'friz] n [U] substance added to water to lower its freezing point, eg as used in the radiator of a motor vehicle 防冻剂, 抗凝剂（加於水中以降低其冰点, 如用於机动车辆的散热器中者）.

antigen
[5AntidVEn; 5AntEdVEn] n [U] (medical 医) substance which, when it is put into the body, causes it to produce antibodies 抗原（进入机体後能诱发机体产生抗体的物质）.

antihistamine
[7Anti'histEmi:n; 7Anti'histEmin] n [C, U] (medical 医) any of a variety of drugs used to treat allergies 抗组胺剂, 抗组织胺药（用於医治变应性反应的多种药物）.

antiknock
[7Anti'nCk; 7Anti'nak] n [U] substance added to motor fuel to prevent or reduce knock2(4) in the engine 抗震剂, 防震剂（加於内燃机燃料中以防止或减低爆震的物质）.

antilogarithm
[7Anti'lCgEriTEm; - -'lC:g-; 7Anti'lCgE7riTEm] (also antilog[5ntilCg; - -lC:g; 5AntilCg] ) n (mathematics 数) number to which a logarithm belongs 反对数; 逆对数: * 1000, 100 and 10 are the antilogarithms of 3, 2 and 1. 1000、 100、 10是3、 2、 1的反对数.

antimony
[5AntimEni; - 'AntimEuni; 5AntE7moni] n [U] chemical element, a brittle silvery-white metal used esp in alloys 锑. =>App 10 见附录10.

antipathy
[An'tipEWi; An'tipEWi] n ~ (to/towards/against sb/sth); ~ (between A and B) (a) [U] strong or deep dislike 反感; 厌恶; 憎恶: * She felt no antipathy towards younger women. 她对比她年轻的妇女没有反感. (b) [C] instance or object of this 反感; 厌恶; 憎恶; 厌恶的对象: * He showed a marked antipathy to foreigners. 他对外国人流露出明显的反感. 派生： antipathetic[7AntipE'Wetik; An7tipE'Wetik] adj ~ (to/towards sb/sth) showing or feeling antipathy 流露出反感的; 感到厌恶的.

antiperspirant
[7Anti'pE:spErEnt; 7Anti'pEspErEnt] n [C, U] substance that prevents or reduces perspiration, esp under the arms 防汗剂, 止汗剂（尤指对於腋下的汗）.

antipodes
[An'tipEdi:z; An'tipE7diz] n [pl] 1 places on opposite sides of the earth to each other 对 地（地球两边正相反的地区）. 2 the Antipodes the Australasian regions in relation to Europe 澳大拉西亚地区（与欧洲相反）.

antiquarian
[7Anti'kweEriEn; 7Anti'kweriEn] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of, for or concerning the study, collection or sale of antiques, esp old or rare books 研究、 搜集或出售古物的（尤指古籍或珍本书）: * an antiquarian bookseller 古籍商. > antiquarian n = antiquary.

antiquary
[5AntikwEri; - 'Antikweri; 5Anti7kweri] (also antiquarian) n person who studies, collects or sells antiques 研究、 搜集或出售古物的人.

antiquated
[5Antikweitid; 5AntE7kwetid] adj 1 (usu derog 通常作贬义) (of things) out of date, obsolete （指事物）过时的, 废弃的. 2 (of people, ideas, etc) old-fashioned （指人、 思想等）旧式的.

antique
[An'ti:k; An'tik] adj 1 (a) belonging to the distant past 古时的. (b) existing since old times 自古就有的. 2 valuable because of age and rarity （因古老和稀少而）珍贵的. =>Usage at old 用法见old. 派生： antique n object, eg a piece of furniture or a work of art, that is old and valuable, esp one that is of interest to collectors 文物; 古董; 古玩: [attrib 作定语] an antique shop, ie one that sells antiques 古玩店.

antiquity
[An'tikwEti; An'tikwEti] n 1 [U] ancient times, esp before the Middle Ages 古代（尤指中世纪前）: * the heroes of antiquity 古代的英雄. 2 [U] great age 久远的年代: * Athens is a city of great antiquity. 雅典是一座古城. 3 [C usu pl 通常作复数] object that dates from ancient times 古物; 古迹: * a museum full of Greek and Roman antiquities, eg coins, pottery, sculptures 有很多希腊和罗马古物的博物馆.

antirrhinum
[7Anti'rainEm; 7Anti'rainEm] (also snapdragon) n (botany 植) type of garden flower with bag-shaped petals which open when pressed 金鱼草（一种园圃花, 有袋形花瓣, 受压而张开, 俗称龙头花）.

antiseptic
[7Anti'septik; 7AntE'septik] n [C, U] substance that prevents a wound, etc from becoming septic, esp by destroying bacteria 防腐剂; 消毒剂; 抗菌剂: * Have you got any antiseptic for this cut? 这个伤口你消毒了吗? > antiseptic adj 1 preventing infection by destroying bacteria 防腐的; 消毒的; 抗菌的. 2 thoroughly clean and free from bacteria 消过毒的; 无菌的: * an ,antiseptic `bandage 消毒 带.

antisocial
[7Anti'sEuFl; 7Anti'soFEl] adj 1 opposed or harmful to the laws and customs of an organized community 反社会的（反对或妨害法律与风俗习惯的）: * It is antisocial to leave one's litter in public places. 在公众场所遗弃杂物是妨害公众利益的. 2 avoiding the company of others; unsociable 避免社交的; 不合群的:,antisocial be`haviour 不爱交际的行为 * It's rather antisocial of you not to come to the party. 你不参加这个聚会就有些不合群了.

antithesis
[An'tiWEsis; An'tiWEsis] n (pl -ses/n'tiWEsi:z; n'tiWE7siz] ) 1 (a) [C usu sing 通常作单数] ~ (of/to sth/sb) direct opposite 正相反; 对立: * Slavery is the antithesis of freedom. 奴役与自由是对立的. (b) [U] ~ (of sth to sth); ~ (between A and B) contrast; opposition 对照; 相反: * The style of his speech was in complete antithesis to mine. 他和我的讲话方式完全相反. 2 [C, U] contrast of ideas marked by the choice and arrangement of words 对语; 对句; 对偶; 对照: * `Give me liberty, or give me death' is an example of antithesis. ‘不自由, 毋宁死’是对语的一个例子. > antithetic/ AntI5WetIk; AntI`WZtIk/, antithetical[-ikl; -ikl] adjs. antithetically[-kli; -kli] adv.

antitoxin
[7Anti'tCksin; 7Anti'taksin] n [C, U] substance that acts against a poisonous substance and prevents it from having a harmful effect 抗毒素（抵抗有毒物质并防止其产生有害作用的物质）.

antler
[5AntlE(r); 5Antll] n branched horn of a stag or of some other deer 鹿角: * a fine pair of antlers 一对完美的鹿角. =>illus at deer 见deer之插图. > antlered adj.

antonym
[5AntEnim; 5AntE7nim] n word that is opposite in meaning to another 反义词: * `Old' has two possible antonyms: * `young' and `new'. `Old'有两个反义词洇`young'和 `new'. Cf 参看 synonym.

anus
[5einEs; 5enEs] n (pl ~es) (anatomy 解) opening at the end of the alimentary canal, through which waste matter passes out of the body 肛门. =>illus at digestive system 见digestive system之插图. > anal[5einl; 5enl] adj.

anvil
[5Anvil; 5Anvil] n 1 iron block on which a smith shapes heated metal by hammering it 铁砧. 2 (anatomy 解) one of the bones in the ear 砧骨. =>illus at ear 见ear之插图.

anxiety
[AN'zaiEti; AN'zaiEti] n 1 (a) [U] troubled feeling in the mind caused by fear and uncertainty about the future 忧虑; 担心; 焦虑: * We waited for news with a growing sense of anxiety. 我们等待着消息, 越来越焦急. * He caused his parents great anxiety by cycling long distances alone. 他独自骑自行车远行, 父母非常担心. (b) [C] instance of such a feeling 忧虑; 担心; 焦虑: * The anxieties of the past week had left her exhausted. 上星期把她愁得没精打彩. * The doctor's report removed all their anxieties. 医生的报告消除了他们的一切忧虑. 2 [U] ~ for sth/to do sth strong desire or eagerness for sth/to do sth 渴望; 热望: * anxiety to please 急於讨好.

anxious
[5ANkFEs; 5ANkFEs] adj 1 ~ (about/for sb/sth) feeling anxiety; worried; uneasy 忧虑的; 担忧的; 不安的: * an anxious mother 焦虑不安的母亲 * I am very anxious about my son's health. 我非常担心儿子的健康. * He was anxious for his family, who were travelling abroad. 他担心在国外旅行的家眷. 2 [attrib 作定语] causing anxiety 引起忧虑的; 令人担心的: * We had a few anxious moments before landing safely. 我们在安全着陆以前, 感到阵阵忧虑. 3 ~ for sth] (for sb) to do sth/that... strongly wishing sth; eager for sth 渴望某事物; 急切想要某事物: * anxious for their safety 悬望他们平安无事 * anxious to meet you/for his brother to meet you 渴望见到你[他的弟弟见到你] * They were anxious that aid should be sent promptly. 他们盼望援助物品迅速送到. > anxiously adv.

any
1[5eni; 5eni] indef det 1 (used in negative sentences and in questions; after if/whether; after hardly, never, without, etc; and after such vs as prevent, ban, avoid, forbid 用於否定句及疑问句; 用於if/whether之後; 用於hardly never without等之後; 用於prevent ban avoid forbid一类动词之後) (a) (used with [U] ns 与不可数名词连用) an unspecified amount of 任何量的: * I didn't eat any meat. 我一点儿肉都没吃. * Do you know any French? 你会法语吗? * There was hardly any free time. 简直没有什麽空闲时间. * We did the job without any difficulty. 我们毫不费力就做完了工作. * To avoid any delay please phone your order direct. 为免延误, 请直接打电话预订. * It didn't seem to be any distance (ie It seemed a very short distance) to the road. 那条路似乎没多远. (b) (used with plural [C] ns 与复数可数名词连用) an unspecified number of (people or things) 任何数目的（人或物）: * I haven't read any books by Tolstoy. 我没看过托尔斯泰的书. * Are there any stamps in that drawer? 那抽屉里有邮票吗? * I wonder whether Mr Black has any roses in his garden. 我不知道布莱克先生的花园里有没有玫瑰. * You can't go out without any shoes. 不穿鞋就不能出去. * They bought a dog to prevent any burglaries. 他们买了条狗以防盗贼. Cf 参看 some1. 2 (a) (used with singular [C] ns 与单数可数名词连用) one out of a number, (the particular choice being unimportant) 任一（哪一个并不重要）: * Take any book you like. 你喜欢哪本书就拿哪本. * Give me a pen any pen will do. 给我一枝钢笔--哪枝都行. * Phone me any day next week. 下星期的任何一天给我打个电话. (b) (used with singular [C] ns in negative sentences or sentences implying doubt or negation; also used after if/whether 用於否定句或有疑问或否定含义的句中, 与单数可数名词连用; 亦用於if/whether之後) a; one 一个: * Hasn't it got any tail? 它有尾巴吗?

any1
* I can't see any door in this room. 我看不到这房间有门. 3 every; no matter which 每一个; 无论哪个: * Any fool could tell you that. 连傻瓜都知道. * You'll find me here at any hour of the day. 你可以看到我整天任何时候都在这里. * Any train from this platform stops at Gatwick. 从这一月台开出的火车都在盖特威克停. * They want any money you can spare. 你有多少闲钱他们都要. 4 (used in negative sentences and after if/whether 用於否定句及if/whether之後) a normal; an ordinary 平常的; 普通的; 一般的: * This isn't any old bed it belonged to Shakespeare. 这可不是一般的旧床--是莎士比亚的. * If it were any ordinary paint you would need two coats. 若是普通颜料就要涂两层. * She isn't just any woman she's the Queen. 她并非寻常妇女--她是女王. 复合： `any time whatever time you like 随便什麽时候: Come round any time. 什麽时候来都可以.

anybody
[5enibCdi; 5eni7badi] (also anyone) indef pron 1 any person 任何人: * Did anybody see you? 有人看见你了吗? * Hardly anybody came. 几乎没有人来. * Anybody who saw the accident should phone the police. 见到这一事故的人应打电话通知警方. * He left without speaking to anyone else. 他未和任何人打招呼就离开了. 2 one person out of many (the choice being unimportant) 其中任何一人（是谁并不重要）: * Anybody will tell you where the bus stop is. 谁都能告诉你公共汽车站在哪里. * Ask anyone in your class. 问问你们同班的人. 3 (in negative sentences 用於否定句) any person of importance 任何重要的人: * She wasn't anybody before she got that job. 她得到那份工作以前并非重要人物.

anyhow
[5enihau; 5eni7hau] indef adv 1 carelessly; unsystematically 随随便便地; 杂乱无章地: * The books were lying on the shelves just/all anyhow. 书都乱放在书架上. * He made notes anyhow across the page. 他在那页上胡乱作了些笔记. 2 (also anyway) whatever the facts may be; in spite of this; at least 无论如何; 即使如此; 至少: * It's too late now, anyhow. 无论如何现在已经太迟了. * Anyhow, you can try. 至少你可以试试.

anyone
[5eniwQn; 5eni7wQn] indef pron = anybody.

anyplace
(US) = anywhere.

anything
[5eniWiN; 5eni7WiN] indef pron 1 any thing 任何事物: * Did she tell you anything interesting? 她跟你说过什麽有趣的事吗? * There's never anything worth watching on TV. 电视上从来没有值得看的节目. * If you remember anything at all, please let us know. 你要是想起什麽来, 就告诉我们. 2 any thing of importance 任何重要的事物: * Is there anything (ie any truth) in these rumours? 这些谣传中有真事吗? 3 something (its exact nature being unimportant) 某事物（其确切性质并不重要）: * I'm very hungry I'll eat anything. 我饿极了--什麽都能吃. * Anything will do to sleep on. 什麽东西都可以, 只要能在上面睡觉就行. 4 (idm 习语) anything but definitely not 绝对不: * The hotel was anything but satisfactory. 这家旅馆太不让人满意了. anything like sb/sth (infml 口) in any way similar(ly) 有些像: * He isn't anything like my first boss. 他一点也不像我第一个老板. * The film wasn't anything like as good as ET. 这部电影一点都不如《外星人》那麽好. like `anything (infml 口) very much; very quickly, loudly, successfully, etc 非常; 十分迅速、 响亮、 成功等: * The thief ran like anything when he heard the alarm. 那贼听到警铃声就飞快逃走了. or anything (infml 口) (used to refer to similar examples 用以指相似的例子) or another thing similar to that mentioned （与所提到的）相似的另一事物: * If you want to call a meeting or anything, put up a notice. 要想召集会议什麽的, 就要出个通知.

anyway
[5eniwei; 5eni7we] indef adv = anyhow 2.

anywhere
[5eniweE(r); - -hweEr; 5eni7hwer] (US also anyplace) indef adv 1 in, at or to any place 在、 向或到任何地方: * I can't see it anywhere. 我在什麽地方都见不到它. * If you want to go anywhere else, let me know. 你要到别的地方去, 就要告诉我. 2 one place out of many (the choice being unimportant) 任何一处（何处并不重要）: * Put the box down anywhere. 把箱子放在哪里都行. * We can go anywhere you like. 你喜欢去哪里我们都可以去. 派生： anywhere indef pron any place 任何地方: I haven't anywhere to stay. 我没有地方待. * Do you know anywhere (where) I can buy a second-hand typewriter? 你知道哪里能买到旧打字机吗?

aorta
[ei'C:tE; e'CrtE] n main artery through which blood is carried from the left side of the heart 主动脉; 大动脉.

apace
[E'peis; E'pes] adv (dated or rhet 旧或修辞) quickly 飞快地; 迅速地: * Work is proceeding apace. 工作进展迅速.

apart
[E'pa:t; E'part] adv 1 to or at a distance 相距; 相隔: * The two houses stood 500 metres apart. 这两所房子相距500米. * The employers and the unions are still miles apart, ie are far from agreement. 雇主与工会之间仍有很大距离（远不能取得一致意见）. 2 to or on one side; aside 向一边; 在一边: * She keeps herself apart from (ie does not mix with) other people. 她与别人保持距离（不与别人混在一起）. 3 separate(ly) 分开; 分离: * You never see them apart these days. 他们近来形影不离. * He was standing with his feet wide apart. 他站在那儿, 两脚分开的距离很大. * These pages are stuck together I can't pull them apart. 这几页都粘在一起了--我揭不开. 4 into pieces 成碎片: * I'm sorry, the cup just came/fell apart in my hands. 很遗憾, 这个杯子竟在我手上碎了. 5 (idm 习语) be poles apart => pole1. joking apart=> joke. put/set sb/sth apart (from sb/sth) make sb/sth appear superior or unique 使某人[某事物]显得优越或独特: * His use of language sets him apart from most other modern writers. 他对语言的运用在现代作家中别具一格. a race apart => race. take sb/sth apart criticize sb/sth severely 严厉批评某人[某事物]: * He took my essay apart but I found his criticism helpful. 他把我的文章狠狠地批评了一顿, 但我认为他的批评有好处. take sth apart separate sth into pieces 拆开某物: * John enjoys taking old clocks apart. 约翰喜欢拆卸旧钟. tell/know A and B apart distinguish two people or things; recognize the difference between two people or things 能分辨两个人或两种事物; 能看出两个人或两种事物之间的区别. worlds apart => world. 复合： apart from (also esp US aside from) prep 1 independently of (sth); except for 除了（某事物）以外...都、 全、 没、 没有等; 除去: Apart from his nose (Cf 参看 His nose apart) he's quite good-looking. 他除了鼻子以外, 哪儿都很好看.

apart1
2apartheid /// /E'pa:thait, -heit; E'partet] n [U] (in S Africa)(official government policy of) racial segregation, separating Europeans and non-Europeans （南非）欧洲人与非欧洲人的种族隔离（的政府政策）.

apartment
[E'pa:tmEnt; E'partmEnt] n (abbr 缩写 apt) 1 (US) = flat1. 2 set of rooms, usu furnished and rented, esp for a holiday 一套房间（通常设有家具供出租, 尤指为度假用的）. 3 (often pl 常作复数) single room in a house, esp a large or famous one 厅堂; 殿堂: * You can visit the whole palace except for the private apartments. 整个宫殿都可以参观, 只有内殿不开放. 复合： a`partment block (Brit) (US a`partment house) block of flats 公寓.

apathy
[5ApEWi; 5ApEWi] n [U] ~ (towards sb/sth) lack of interest, enthusiasm or concern; indifference 缺乏兴趣; 无积极性; 漠不关心; 无动於衷: * Extreme poverty had reduced them to a state of apathy. 极端的贫困使他们万念俱灰. 派生： apathetic[7ApE'Wetik; 7ApE'Wetik] adj showing or feeling apathy 缺乏兴趣的; 无积极性的; 漠不关心的; 无动於衷的. apathetically[-kli; -kli] adv.

ape
[eip; ep] n 1 any of the four (usu tailless) primates (gorilla, chimpanzee, orang-utan, gibbon) most closely related to man 猿（通常指无尾猿, 即大猩猩、 黑猩猩、 猩猩或长臂猿）. =>illus 见插图. 2 (idm 习语) go ape (sl 俚) start behaving crazily 变得狂热; 发疯似的. 派生： ape v [Tn] imitate (sb/sth); mimic 学（某人[某事物]）的样; 模仿. 复合： `ape-man n extinct creature intermediate between ape and man 猿人.

aperient
[E'piEriEnt; E'piriEnt] n [C, U], adj (fml 文) (medicine that is) laxative 轻泻的（药）; 通便的（药）.

aperitif
[E'perEtif; - E7perE'ti:f; E'perE7tif] n alcoholic drink taken as an appetizer before a meal 开胃酒; 饭前酒.

aperture
[5ApEtFE(r); 5ApltFl] n 1 narrow opening 窄孔; 隙缝. 2 (size of an) adjustable opening for admitting light into a camera （照相机的）光圈孔径（大小）: * What aperture are you using? 你使用多大的光圈?

apex
[5eipeks; 5epeks] n (pl ~es or apices[5eipisi:z;'epi7siz] ) top or highest point 顶点; 最高点: * the apex of a triangle 叁角形的顶点 * (fig 比喻) At 41 he'd reached the apex of his career. 他41岁时到达事业的顶峰.

aphasia
[E'feiziE; - -VE; E'feVE] n [U] (medical 医) partial or total loss of ability to speak or understand spoken language, caused by damage to the brain 失语症（因脑部受损而部分或全部失去口语表达或理解的能力）. 派生： aphasic n, adj (person) suffering from aphasia 患失语症的（人）.

aphid
[5eifid; 5efid] n = aphis.

aphis
[5eifis; 5efis] (also aphid) n (pl aphides[5eifidi:z; 5efE7diz] ) very small insect, eg greenfly, that is harmful to plants 蚜虫.

aphorism
[5AfErizEm; 5AfE7rizEm] n short wise saying; maxim 格言; 警句. > aphoristic[7fE'ristik; 7AfE'ristik] adj.

aphrodisiac
[7AfrE'dizik; 7AfrE'dizi7Ak] n [C, U], adj (substance or drug) arousing sexual desire 激发性欲的（药物）; 催欲剂; 春药.

apiary
[5eipiEri; - -ieri; 5epi7eri] n place with a number of hives where bees are kept 养蜂场; 蜂房. 派生： apiarist[5eipiErist; 5epiErist] n person who keeps bees 养蜂者.

apiece
[E'pi:s; E'pis] adv to, for or by each one of a group 每个; 每人; 各: * three cakes apiece 每人叁块蛋糕 * costing 50p apiece 每个50便士 * We wrote it together, a page apiece. 我们一起写的, 每人一页.

apish
[5eipiF; 5epiF] adj (usu derog 通常作贬义) 1 of or like an ape; stupid 猿的; 像猿的; 愚蠢的. 2 imitating sb in a foolish way 傻里傻气地模仿某人的: * His apish devotion irritated her. 他那惺惺作态的愚忠使她恼火.

aplomb
[E'plCm; E'plam] n [U] confidence and self-control; poise 自信; 沉着: * She performs the duties of a princess with great aplomb. 她泰然自若地履行王妃的职责.

apocalypse
[E'pCkElips; E'pakE7lips] n 1 [C] revelation, esp about the future of the world （尤指关於世界未来的）启示. 2 the Apocalypse [sing] the last book in the Bible, recording the revelation of St John about the end of the world 启示录（《圣经》中最後一卷, 记录圣约翰关於世界末日的启示）. 3 [sing] event of great significance or violence similar to events in the Apocalypse 巨大事件（具有重大意义的事件或大动乱, 类似《启示录》中者）. 派生： apocalyptic/E7pCkE'liptik; E7pakE'liptik] adj prophesying great and dramatic events like those in the Apocalypse （像《启示录》中一样, 对巨大事件）有启示的. apocalyptically[-kli; -kli] adv.

Apocrypha
[E'pCkrifE; E'pakrEfE] n [sing v] those books of the Old Testament that were not accepted by Jews as part of the Hebrew Scriptures and were not included in the Protestant Bible at the Reformation 伪经（《旧约全书》中犹太人不予承认为希伯来《圣经》的经籍, 在宗教改革运动中也不予收入新教《圣经》中）. 派生： apocryphal/E'pCkrifl; E'pakrEfEl] adj not likely to be genuine; untrue or invented 不足凭信的; 伪的; 虚构的: * Most of the stories about his private life are probably apocryphal. 有关他私生活的事可能大部分都是虚构的.

apogee
[5ApEdVi:; 5ApE7dVi] n 1 (astronomy 天) position in the orbit of the moon, a planet or a satellite when it is at its greatest distance from the earth 远地点（月球、 行星或卫星轨道上距离地球最远的点）. 2 (fig 比喻) highest or furthest point; climax 最高点; 最远点; 极点.

apolitical
[7eipE'litikl; 7epE'litikl] adj not interested or involved in politics 不关心政治的; 不涉及政治的.

apologetic
[E7pClE'dVetik; E7palE'dVetik] adj ~ (about/for sth) feeling or expressing regret; making an apology 表示歉意的; 道歉的: * an apologetic letter, voice 道歉信、 语气 * He was deeply apologetic about his late arrival. 他对迟到深表歉意. 派生： apologetically[-kli; -kli] adv. apologetics n [sing v] art or practice of defending ideas or beliefs (esp those of Christianity) by logical argument （尤指为捍卫基督教教义或信仰的）辩护; 护教学. Cf 参看 apology 2.

apologist
[E'pClEdVist; E'palEdVist] n person who defends a doctrine by logical argument （为某主义的）辩护者.

apologize, apologise
[E'pClEdVaiz; E'palE7dVaiz] v [I, Ipr] ~ (to sb) (for sth) make an apology; say one is sorry 道歉; 赔不是: * I must apologize for not being able to meet you. 我因为没能接你而向你道歉. * Apologize to your sister! 给你姐姐赔个不是!

apology
[E'pClEdVi; E'palEdVi] n 1 ~ (to sb) (for sth) statement to say one is sorry for having done wrong or hurt sb's feelings 道歉; 谢罪; 认错: * offer/ make/ accept an apology 道歉[致歉/接受道歉] * I made my apologies (to my host) and left early. 我（向主人）道过歉後提早离去. 2 (fml 文) explanation or defence (of beliefs, etc) （为信仰等的）辩解, 辩护. Cf 参看 apologetics (apologetic). 3 (idm 习语) an apology for sth inferior type of sth; poor replacement 低劣的某事物; 勉强的代用物: * Please excuse this wretched apology for a meal. 请包涵这顿不像样的饭菜.

apophthegm
(also apothegm)[5ApEWem; 5ApE7Wem] n short forceful saying expressing a general principle; maxim 格言; 箴言; 警句.

apoplexy
[5ApEpleksi; 5ApE7pleksi] n [U] sudden inability to feel or move, caused by the blockage or rupture of an artery in the brain 中风, 卒中（由脑血管栓塞或破裂而引起的突然失去知觉或瘫痪）. Cf 参看 stroke1 7. 派生： apoplectic[7ApE'plektik; 7ApE'plektik] adj 1 of or suffering from apoplexy （患）中风的; （患）卒中的: * an apoplectic stroke/fit 中风的发作. 2 (infml 口) red in the face; easily made angry; very angry 脸红的; 易怒的; 大怒的: * apoplectic with fury 勃然大怒.

apostasy
[E'pCstEsi; E'pastEsi] n (a) [U] abandoning one's religious beliefs, principles, political party, etc 放弃宗教信仰; 背教; 变节; 脱党. (b) [C] instance of this 背教; 变节; 脱党. 派生： apostate/E'pCsteit; E'pastet] n person who renounces his former beliefs, etc 背教者; 变节者; 脱党者.

apostle
[E'pCsl; E'pasl] n 1 (also Apostle) any of the twelve men sent out by Christ to spread his teaching 使徒（基督为宣传他的教导而派出的十二位门徒之一）. 2 leader or teacher of a new faith or movement （新信仰或运动的）倡导者, 导师. 派生： apostolic[7ApE'stClik; 7ApEs'talik] adj 1 of the Apostles or their teaching 使徒的; 使徒教导的. 2 of the Pope 教皇的. ,apostolic suc`cession the passing of spiritual authority from the Apostles through successive popes and other bishops 使徒统绪（神权自使徒传至教皇及其他主教的一脉相承）.

apostrophe
1[E'pCstrEfi; E'pastrEfi] n sign (’) used to show that one or more letters or numbers have been omitted (as in can't for cannot, I'm for I am, '76 for 1976, etc), the possessive form of nouns (as in the boy's/boys' meaning of the boy/boys), and the plural of letters (as in There are two l's in `bell') 撇号（'）（可作省字符, 用以表示字母或数字的省略, 如can't为cannot之略, I'm为I am之略, '76为1976之略; 亦可作名词所有格符号, 如The boy's/boys'意为 of the boy/boys; 也可用以构成字母的复数形式, 如在 there are two l's in `bell' 一句中的bell一字有两个 l）. =>App 3 见附录3.

apothecary
[E'pCWEkEri; - -keri; E'paWE7keri] n (arch 古) person who prepares and sells medicines and medical goods 药剂师; 药商. 复合： apothecaries' weight system of units formerly used in weighing drugs （旧时用於称量药物重量的）药衡制.

apothegm
= apophthegm.

apotheosis
[E7pCWi'Eusis; E7paWi'osis] n (pl -ses[-si:z; -siz] ) 1 (of a human being) making or becoming a god or a saint （指人）封为神或尊为神, 神化: * the apotheosis of a Roman Emperor 对罗马皇帝的神化. 2 glorified ideal; highest development of sth 尊崇的理想; 某事物发展的顶峰: * The legends of King Arthur represent the apotheosis of chivalry. 亚瑟王的传说代表骑士精神的顶峰.

appal
(US also appall)[E'pC:l; E'pCl] v (-ll-) [Tn] fill (sb) with horror or dismay; shock deeply 使（某人）惊骇或沮丧; 使大吃一惊: * The newspaper reports of starving children appalled me. 报纸对饥饿儿童的报道使我大为震惊. * We were appalled at the prospect of having to miss our holiday. 我们为失去这一假日而感到大失所望. 派生： appalling adj (infml 口) shocking; extremely bad 骇人的; 极恶劣的: I've never seen such appalling behaviour. 我从来没见过这麽恶劣的行为. * I find much modern architecture quite appalling. 我觉得很多现代建 十分糟糕. appallingly adv: appallingly thin 极其薄的.

apparatus
[7ApE'reitEs; - -'rtEs; 7ApE'rAtEs] n [U, C] (rare pl ~es 复数作apparatuses, 罕用) 1 (a) set of instruments, etc used esp in scientific experiments 仪器; 设备; 装置: * laboratory apparatus 实验室设备. (b) equipment used for doing sth, esp in gymnastics 器械（尤指体操的）: * The vaulting horse is a difficult piece of apparatus to master. 鞍马是很难掌握的器械. * Firemen needed breathing apparatus to enter the burning house. 消防队员需用呼吸器械才能进入燃烧着的房屋. =>Usage at machine 用法见 machine. 2 complex structure of an organization 机构; 机关; 组织: * the whole apparatus of government 整个政府机构. 3 system of bodily organs 器官: * the respiratory apparatus 呼吸器官.

apparel
[E'pArEl; E'pArEl] n [U] (dated or fml 旧或文) clothing; dress 衣服; 服装: * lords and ladies in rich apparel 服饰华丽的王公贵妇.

apparent
[E'pArEnt; E'pArEnt] adj 1 [pred 作表语] clearly seen or understood; obvious 清楚易见或易懂; 明显; 显然: * Certain problems were apparent from the outset. 有些问题从一开始就是显而易见的. * It became apparent that she was going to die. 很明显她快要死了. * Their motives, as will soon become apparent (ie as you will soon see), are completely selfish. 他们的动机很快就能看出, 完全是自私自利. 2 seeming; unreal 表面上的; 假的: * Her apparent indifference made him even more nervous. 她表面上若无其事反而使他更加紧张. * Their affluence is more apparent than real, ie They are not as rich as they seem to be. 他们的富有是虚有其表（并非像看上去的那麽阔）. 派生： apparently adv according to appearances; as it seems 看来; 似乎: He had apparently escaped by bribing a guard. 他看来是贿赂了守卫而逃跑的. * Apparently (ie I have heard that) they're getting divorced. 看样子（听说）他们要离婚了.

apparition
[7ApE'riFn; 7ApE'riFEn] n 1 (a) appearance, esp of sth startling, strange or unexpected 出现（尤指惊人的、 不寻常的或未料到的事物）. (b) person or thing that appears thus 突如其来的人或事物: * a weird apparition in fancy dress 身穿奇装异服而突然出现的古怪人物. 2 ghost or phantom 鬼怪; 幽灵: * You look as though you've seen an apparition. 你好像撞见了鬼似的.

appeal
[E'pi:l; E'pil] v 1 [Ipr, Dpr.t] ~ to sb (for sth); ~ for sth make an earnest request 恳求; 呼吁: * I am appealing on behalf of the famine victims. 我代表饥民恳求援助. * The police appealed to the crowd not to panic. 警方向群众呼吁不要惊慌. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (to sb) be attractive or interesting (to sb) （对某人）有吸引力; （使某人）感兴趣: * The idea of camping has never appealed (to me). 对露营这种想法（我）从来就不感兴趣. * Do these paintings appeal to you? 你对这些画感兴趣吗? * Her sense of humour appealed to him enormously. 她的幽默感把他强烈地吸引住了. 3 [I, Ipr] ~ (to sth) (against sth) (law 律) take a question to a higher court where it can be heard again and a new decision given （向上级法院）上诉: * I've decided not to appeal. 我决定不上诉. * She appealed to the high court against her sentence. 她不服判决而向高等法院上诉. 4 [I, Ipr] ~ (to sb) (for/against sth) (in cricket) ask (the umpire) to declare a batsman out or to give some other decision （板球赛中）提请（裁判员）宣布击球员出局或作出其它裁判: * The whole side appealed for a catch. 全队提请裁判员判接球得分. * The captain appealed against the light, ie said that the light was not good enough for the game to continue. 队长对光线提出异议（认为光线不好不宜继续比赛）. 派生： appeal n 1 (a) [C] ~ (to sb) (for sth) earnest request 恳求; 呼吁: an appeal for help, food, extra staff 恳求援助、 食物、 增添职员 * a charity appeal 慈善募捐呼吁. (b) [U] request for help or sympathy 吁请援助或同情: Her eyes held a look of silent appeal. 她眼中流露着无声的求助神情. 2 [U] attractiveness; interest 吸引力; 兴趣: Does jazz hold any appeal for you? 你对爵士乐有兴趣吗? * The new fashion soon lost its appeal. 那种新式样不久就失去了吸引力. 3 [C] (law 律) act of appealing (appeal 3) 上诉: lodge an appeal 提出上诉

appeal1
* have the right of appeal 有上诉权 * [attrib 作定语] an appeal court 上诉法庭. 4 [C] (in cricket) act of asking the umpire for a decision （板球赛中）提请裁判员裁判. appealing adj 1 attractive; charming 动人的; 媚人的: I don't find small boys very appealing. 我觉得小男孩儿不太讨人喜欢. * The idea of a holiday abroad is certainly appealing. 到外国度假的主意肯定大受欢迎. 2 causing sb to feel pity or sympathy 令人怜悯或同情的: an appealing glance 惹人怜的眼神. appealingly adv.

appear
[E'piE(r); E'pir] v 1 [I] (a) come into view; become visible 出现; 显现; 呈现: * A ship appeared on the horizon. 船出现在水平线上. * A light appeared at the end of the tunnel. 隧道的尽头露出了亮光. * A rash has appeared on his body. 他身上出现了丘疹. (b) arrive 来到: * He promised to be here at four o'clock but didn't appear until six. 他答应四点钟来, 可是六点钟才到. 2[I] (a) present oneself publicly or formally 公开或正式露面: * The tenor soloist is unable to appear tonight because of illness. 男高音独唱者因病今晚不能演出. * I have to appear in court on a charge of drunken driving. 我被控告醉酒驾驶而要出庭受审. (b) act as a counsel in a lawcourt （作为辩护人）出庭: * appear for the defendant/prosecution 为被告[原告]出庭辩护. 3 [I] (of a book or an article) be published or printed （指书或文章）发表或出版: * His new book will be appearing in the spring. 他的新着将於春季问世. * The news appeared next day on the front page. 那则消息次日刊登在头版上了. 4 [La, Ln, I, It] give the impression of being or doing sth; seem 显得; 好像; 似乎: * The streets appeared deserted. 街上似乎行人绝迹. * Don't make him appear a fool. 别把他弄得像个傻子似的. * She appears to have many friends. 她好像有很多朋友. * There appears to have been/It appears that there has been a mistake. 看来一直就有错. * You appear to have made/It appears that you have made a mistake. 似乎你弄错了. * `Has he been found guilty?’ `It appears so/not.’ ‘是他被判有罪吗?’‘好像是[不是].’ 5 (idm 习语) it appears/appeared as if.../as though... the impression is/was given that... 看来; 似乎: * It appears as if she's lost interest in her job. 看来她对自己的工作已失去兴趣. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: The two pairs of synonyms appear/seem and happen/chance are intransitive verbs and are not generally used in the continuous tenses. *appear/seem和happen/chance 这两对同义词都是不及物动词, 一般不用於进行时态. They are commonly used in these two patterns 这四个词通常用於以下两种句型:

appear1
1 It appears/seems that he's resigned. 好像他已经辞职了. * It happened/chanced that she spoke fluent Swahili. 偏巧她很会说斯瓦希里语. 2 He appears/seems to have resigned. 他好像已经辞职了. * She happened/chanced to speak fluent Swahili. 她偏巧很会说斯瓦希里语. Chance is more formal than happen. *happen比chance更多用於口语. Appear and seem are used in a variety of other patterns *appear和seem还可用於其它多种句型: She appeared/seemed very confident. 她显得很自信. * `Are they reliable?’ `It appears/seems not.’ ‘他们可靠吗?’‘似乎不太可靠.’ * `It's going to rain.’ `So it appears/seems.’ ‘要下雨了.’‘看样子像.’ So is often used for emphasis with happen/chance 为加强语气, so常与happen/chance连用: It so happened/chanced that I'd met her a few years before. 碰巧我几年前见过她.

appearance
[E'piErEns; E'pirEns] n 1 [C] coming into view; arrival 出现; 来到: * The sudden appearance of a policeman caused the thief to run away. 警察突然出现, 小偷就逃跑了. * They finally made their appearance (ie appeared, arrived) at 11.30. 他们终於在11时30分来到. 2 [C] act of appearing in public as a performer, etc 露面; 出场: * His first appearance on stage was at the age of three. 他叁岁时初次登台. 3 [C, U] that which shows; what sb/sth appears to be 外表; 外貌; 外观: * Fine clothes added to his strikingly handsome appearance. 华丽的服装使他那极其英俊的外貌更为增色. * She gave every appearance of being extremely rich. 她处处表现得极为阔气. * Don't judge by appearances appearances can be misleading. 勿以外貌取人--外貌不可靠. * The building was like a prison in appearance. 这座建 的外观像监狱. 4 (idm 习语) ,keep up ap`pearances maintain an outward show, esp of prosperity, in order to hide what one does not want others to see 维持体面; 装门面; 虚饰外表: * There's no point in keeping up appearances when everyone knows we're nearly bankrupt. 人家都知道我们快破产了, 何必还打肿脸充胖子. ,put in an ap`pearance show oneself at or attend a meeting, party, etc, esp for a short time 露一下面: * I don't want to go to the party but I'd better put in an appearance, I suppose. 我不想参加那个聚会, 可是我最好还是要露一下面. to all ap`pearances so far as can be seen; outwardly 看来; 显然; 外表上: * He was to all outward appearances dead. 他显然已经死了.

appease
[E'pi:z; E'piz] v [Tn] make (sb/sth) quiet or calm, usu by making concessions or by satisfying demands 使（某人[某事物]）安静或平息（通常为作出让步或满足要求）: * appease sb's anger/hunger/curiosity 平息某人的怒气[使某人充饥/满足某人的好奇心]. 派生： appeasement n [U] act or policy of appeasing, esp by making concessions to a possible enemy in order to avoid war 平息的行动或政策（尤指为避免战争而对潜在的敌人作出让步）; 安抚; 姑息; 绥靖.

appellant
[E'pelEnt; E'pelEnt] adj (law 律) concerned with appeals 上诉的. 派生： appellant n (law 律) person who appeals to a higher court 上诉人.

appellation
[7ApE'leiFn; 7ApE'leFEn] n (fml 文) name or title; system of naming 名称; 称呼; 称号; 命名的编排.

append
[E'pend; E'pend] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sth) (fml 文) attach or add sth (esp in writing) 附加, 添上或增补某事物（尤指文字）: * append one's signature to a document 在文件上加上署名 * append an extra clause to the contract 在合同上增加一项条款.

appendage
[E'pendidV; E'pendidV] n thing that is added to, or that forms a natural part of, sth larger 附加物; 附属物; 组成部分: * The elephant's trunk is a unique form of appendage. 象的鼻子是一种独特的附肢.

appendectomy
[7Apen'dektEmi; 7Apen'dektEmi] (also appendicectomy/E7pendi'sektEmi; E7pendE'sektEmi] ) n (medical 医) surgical removal of the appendix(2) 阑尾切除术.

appendicitis
[E7pendi'saitis; E7pendE'saitis] n [U] inflammation of the appendix(2) 阑尾炎.

appendix
[E'pendiks; E'pendiks] n 1 (pl -dices[-disi:z; -dE7siz] ) section that gives extra information at the end of a book or document 附录: * This dictionary has several appendices, including one on irregular verbs. 这部词典有几项附录, 包括不规则动词附录. 2 (pl -dixes) (also ,vermiform ap`pendix) small tube-shaped bag of tissue attached to the intestine 阑尾. =>illus at digestive 见digestive system之插图.

appertain
[7ApE'tein; 7Apl'ten] v [Ipr] ~ to sb/sth (fml 文) belong or relate to sb/sth as a right; be appropriate to sb/sth （作为权利）属於或关於某人[某事物]; 适合於某人[某事物]: * the duties and privileges appertaining to one's high office 居於高职位所具有的职责和特权.

appetite
[5Apitait; 5ApE7tait] n 1 [U] physical desire, esp for food or pleasure 肉体的欲望（尤指对食物或享乐）; 食欲; 胃口: * When I was ill I completely lost my appetite. 我生病时完全没有食欲. * Don't spoil your appetite by eating sweets before meals. 饭前不要吃糖以免影响食欲. * (fig 比喻) He had no appetite for the fight. 他毫无斗志. 2 [C] instance of a natural desire for sth （对某事物的）自然的欲望: * The long walk has given me a good appetite. 走了长路使我食欲大振. * He has an amazing appetite for hard work. 他出奇地喜爱艰巨的工作. * a person of gross sexual appetites 性欲旺盛的人.

appetizer, appetiser
[5ApitaizE(r); 5ApE7taizl] n thing that is eaten or drunk before a meal to stimulate the appetite 正餐前的开胃食物或饮料; 开胃品: * Small savoury biscuits provide a simple appetizer. 可口的小饼乾就是简单的开胃品.

appetizing, appetising
[5ApitaiziN; 5ApE7taiziN] adj (of food, etc) stimulating the appetite （指食物等）促进食欲的, 开胃的, 刺激欲望的: * an appetizing smell from the kitchen 来自厨房的令人垂涎的香味 * The list of ingredients sounds very appetizing. 这张单子上列的配料听起来使人馋涎欲滴. > appetizingly, -isingly adv.

applaud
[E'plC:d; E'plCd] v 1 [I, Tn] show approval of (sb/sth) by clapping the hands 向（某人[某事物]）鼓掌表示欢迎或赞赏: * The crowd applauded (him/the perfomance) for five minutes. 群众（为他[演出]）鼓掌五分钟. 2 [Tn] praise (sb/sth); approve 称赞; 赞成: * I applaud your decision. 我赞成你的决定.

applause
[E'plC:z; E'plCz] n [U] 1 approval expressed by clapping the hands 鼓掌欢迎: * He sat down amid deafening applause. 他在震耳欲聋的掌声中就坐. 2 warm approval 热情称赞: * Her new novel was greeted by reviewers with rapturous applause. 她的新小说备受书评家推崇.

apple
[5Apl; 5Apl] n 1 (a) round fruit with firm juicy flesh and green, red or yellow skin when ripe 苹果: * [attrib 作定语] an apple pie 苹果馅饼 * apple sauce 苹果酱. =>illus at fruit 见fruit之插图. (b) (also `apple tree) tree bearing this fruit 苹果树. 2 (idm 习语) an/the ,apple of `discord (fml 文) cause of an argument or a quarrel 争端; 祸根. the ,apple of sb's `eye person or thing that is loved more than any other 心爱的人或物; 掌上明珠: * She is the apple of her father's eye. 她是父亲的掌上明珠. in ,apple-pie `order very neatly arranged 井然有序. 复合： `applecart n (idm 习语) upset the/sb's applecart => upset. `applejack n [U] (US) strong alcoholic drink distilled from fermented cider 苹果白兰地（由发酵的苹果汁蒸馏而成的烈性酒）.

appliance
[E'plaiEns; E'plaiEns] n 1 instrument or device for a specific purpose 工具; 用具; 器具; 器械: * a kitchen full of electrical appliances, eg a washing-machine, dish washer, liquidizer, etc 有各种电器用具的厨房（如洗衣机、 洗碗机、 果汁机等）. =>Usage at machine 用法见 machine. 2 = fire-engine (fire).

applicable
[5AplikEbl, also E'plikEbl; 5AplikEbl, E'plikEbl] adj [pred 作表语] ~ (to sb/sth) that can be applied (apply 7); appropriate or suitable 可适用; 合适; 适当: * This part of the form is not applicable (ie does not apply) to foreign students. 表格中的这一部分不适用於外国学生. > applicability[7plikE'bilEti; 7AplikE'bilEti] n [U].

applicant
[5AplikEnt; 5AplEkEnt] n ~ (for sth) person who applies, esp for a job, etc 申请人（尤指为求职等）: * As the wages were low, there were few applicants for the job. 因为工资低, 没有什麽人申请这份工作.

application
[7Apli'keiFn; 7AplE'keFEn] n 1 (a) [U] ~ (to sb) (for sth) formal request 申请; 请求: * Keys are available on application to the principal. 向校长申请就可得到钥匙. (b) [C] instance of this 申请; 请求: * We received 400 applications for the job. 对这份工作, 我们接到400人的申请. * [attrib 作定语] an application form, ie a form on which to make an application 申请表. 2 (a) [U, C] ~ (of sth) (to sth) act of applying one thing to another 敷用; 施用: * lotion for external application only, ie to be put on the skin, not swallowed 只限外用的敷剂（用於皮肤, 不可内服） * three applications per day 每日敷用叁次. (b) [C] substance applied 敷用的物质: * an application to relieve muscle pain 减轻肌肉疼痛的敷剂. 3 [U] making a rule, etc take effect （使规则等）生效; 实施: * the strict application of the law 严明执法. 4 [U] concentrated effort; hard work 专心; 努力: * Success as a writer demands great application. 要成为作家就得狠下功夫. 5 [U, C] ~ (to sth) act of putting a theory, discovery, etc to practical use 应用; 运用: * a new invention that will have application/ a variety of applications in industry 工业上可应用的[有多种用途的]新发明.

applicator
[5AplikeitE(r); 5Apli7ketl] n thing used to apply (apply 2) sth 涂敷器: * Use the applicator provided to spread the glue. 使用所附涂敷器涂用胶水.

applied
=> apply.

applique
[5Apli:kei; - 7Apli'kei; 7Apli'ke] n [U] decorative needlework in which pieces of one type of material are cut out and attached to another 缝饰; 镶饰; 贴花; 补花. 派生： applique v (pt, pp appliqued) [Tn] decorate (sth) in this way 在（某物上）缝饰; 以补花镶饰（某物）.

apply
[E'plai; E'plai] v (pt, pp applied) 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (to sb) (for sth) make a formal request 申请; 请求: * You should apply immediately, in person or by letter. 你应该立即申请, 亲自去也好, 写信也好. * apply to the publishers for permission to reprint an extract 向出版者请求准予转印节录 * apply for a job, post, passport, visa 申请工作、 职位、 护照、 签证. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sth) put or spread sth (onto sth) 贴; 敷; 涂; 搽: * apply the ointment sparingly 涂搽少许油膏 * apply the glue to both surfaces 两面都涂上胶水 * (fig 比喻) I'd never apply the word `readable' to any of his books. 我决不会把他的任何一本书称为是‘可以一读的’. 3 [Tn] make (a law, etc) operate or become effective 使（法律等）实施或生效; 应用; 运用: * apply a law/rule/precept 执行法律[规则/规程] * apply economic sanctions 施行经济制裁. 4 [I, Ipr] ~ (to sb/sth) be relevant (to sb/sth); have an effect （与某人[某物]）有关; 有效; 适用: * These rules don't always apply. 这些规则并非总能行得通. * What I have said applies only to some of you. 我所说的只适用於你们当中的一部分人. 5 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sth) cause (a force, etc) to affect sth 使用（力量等）对某事物起作用: * apply force, pressure, heat, etc 用力、 压力、 热力等 * apply the brakes hard 用力刹车. 6 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ oneself/sth (to sth/doing sth) concentrate one's thought and energy (on a task) 集中精力（做事）; 专心: * You will only pass your exams if you really apply yourself (to your work). 你只有真正专心致志（用功）, 考试才能及格. * We must apply our minds to finding a solution. 我们要动动脑筋找出解决的办法来. 7 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sth) make practical use of sth 运用, 应用某事物: * The results of this research can be applied to new developments in technology. 这项研究成果能应用於新的技术开发方面.

apply1
派生： applied/E'plaid; E'plaid] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] used in a practical way; not merely theoretical 应用 的; 实用的: * applied mathematics, eg as used in engineering 应用数学（如用於工程学中者） * applied linguistics 应用语言学. Cf 参看 pure 5.

appoint
[E'pCint; E'pCint] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.n, Cn.n/a, Cn.t] ~ sb (to sth); ~ sb (as sth) choose sb for a job or position of responsibility 挑选（某人）做某工作或任某职位; 任命; 委派: * They have appointed Smith/a new manager. 他们已经任用了史密斯[一位新经理]. * He was appointed to the vacant post. 他被委派填补那空缺. * Who shall we appoint (as) chairperson? 我们选派谁担任主席呢? * We must appoint sb to act as secretary. 我们得指定一个人当秘书. 2 [Tn] create (sth) by choosing members 挑选人员以组成（某事物）: * appoint a committee 挑选人员组成委员会. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (for sth) (fml 文) fix or decide on sth 确定或决定某事物: * appoint a date to meet/for a meeting 约定一个日期见面[开会] * The time appointed for the meeting was 10.30. 规定开会的时间是10时30分. 派生： appointee/EpCin'ti:; E7pCin'ti] n person appointed to a job or position 被任命者; 被委派者; 被指定者.

appointment
[E'pCintmEnt; E'pCintmEnt] n 1 (a) [C, U] ~ (to sth) (act of) appointing a person to a job 任命; 任用; 委派: * His promotion to manager was a popular appointment. 他升任经理是众望所归的. (b) [C] job to which sb is appointed （被任用的）工作, 职位: * I'm looking for a permanent appointment. 我正在寻找固定的工作. 2 [C, U] ~ (with sb) arrangement to meet or visit sb at a particular time 约会; 预约: * make/fix an appointment with sb 与某人约会 * keep/break an appointment 践[失]约 * I have a dental appointment at 3 pm. 我下午3时有个牙科的预约. * Interviews are by appointment only. 会晤需经预约. 3 appointments [pl] equipment; furniture 设备; 家具.

apportion
[E'pC:Fn; E'pCrFEn] v [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.n] ~ sth (among/to sb) give sth as a share; allot sth 分配某事物; 分派某事物: * I don't wish to apportion blame among you/to any of you. 我不愿意怪罪你们大家[你们任何人]. * He apportioned the members of the team their various tasks. 他已把各项任务分配给队员们. Cf 参看 portion v. > apportionment n [U].

apposite
[5ApEzit; 5ApEzit] adj ~ (to sth) (of a remark, etc) very appropriate (for a purpose or an occasion)（指言辞等）适当的, 合适的, 恰当的 : * an apposite comment, illustration, example, etc 恰当的评论、 说明、 例子等 * I found his speech wholly apposite to the current debate. 我认为他的讲话对当前的辩论是恰到好处的. > appositely adv. appositeness n [U].

apposition
[7ApE'ziFn; 7ApE'ziFEn] n [U] (grammar) addition of one word or phrase to another word or phrase as an explanation 同位; 同格: * In `Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother' `the Queen Mother' is in apposition to `Queen Elizabeth'. 在`Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother'一语中`the Queen Mother'是`Queen Elizabeth'的同位语.

appraise
[E'preiz; E'prez] v [Tn] assess the value or quality of (sb/sth) 评价; 估价; 鉴定; 评定: * appraise a student's work 评定学生的作业 * an appraising glance 估量的眼光 * It would be unwise to buy the house before having it appraised. 买房子不事先估价是不明智的. 派生： appraisal/E'preizl; E'prezl] n [C, U] (act of) appraising sb/sth; valuation 评价; 估价; 鉴定; 评定.

appreciable
[E'pri:FEbl; E'priFEbl] adj that can be seen or felt; considerable 可察觉到的; 可观的: * an appreciable drop in temperature 气温些微的下降 * The increase in salary will be appreciable. 薪水的增加将很可观. > appreciably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv: * He's looking appreciably thinner. 看得出来他消瘦了.

appreciate
[E'pri:Fieit; E'priFi7et] v 1 [Tn] understand and enjoy (sth); value highly 理解并欣赏（某事物）; 赏识; 高度评价: * You can't fully appreciate foreign literature in translation. 看翻译作品很难欣赏到外国文学的精髓. * I really appreciate a good cup of tea. 有好茶一杯, 我就真乐在其中了. * Your help was greatly appreciated, ie We were grateful for it. 非常感谢你的帮助. 2 [Tn, Tf, Tw] understand (sth) with sympathy 体恤, 体念, 体谅（某事物）: * I appreciate your problem, but I don't think I can help you. 我理解你的困难, 但却爱莫能助. * I appreciate that you may have prior commitments. 我体谅你可能事先已另有承诺. * You don't seem to appreciate how busy I am. 你似乎不能体念我多麽忙. 3 [I] increase in value 增值; 涨价: * Local property has appreciated (in value) since they built the motorway nearby. 自从附近修建了高速公路, 本地的地产（价值）已经增值. 派生： appreciative/E'pri:FiEitiv; E'priFi7etiv] adj ~ (of sth) feeling or showing understanding or gratitude 有欣赏力的; 表示赏识的; 感激的: * an appreciative letter, audience, look 感谢信、 表示欣赏的观众（或听众）、 赏识的神情 * I'm most appreciative of your generosity. 我对你的慷慨感激之至. appreciatively adv.

appreciation
[E7pri:Fi'eiFn; E7priFi'eFEn] n 1 [U] understanding and enjoyment 欣赏: * She shows little or no appreciation of good music. 她对於好音乐鲜有或没有欣赏的能力. 2 [U] grateful recognition of an action 感激; 感谢: * Please accept this gift in appreciation of all you've done for us. 多蒙鼎力协助, 无任感谢. 谨备薄礼, 敬请哂纳. 3 [C] (fml 文) (esp written) statement of the qualities of a work of art, person's life, etc （尤指书面的）鉴定, 鉴别, 评价, 评论: * an appreciation of the poet's work 对诗人作品的评论. 4 [U] increase in value 增值; 涨价: * The pound's rapid appreciation is creating problems for exporters. 英镑急速升值给出口商造成困难.

apprehend
[7Apri5hend; 7Apri5hend] v 1 [Tn] (fml 文) seize (sb); arrest 逮捕; 拘押: * The thief was apprehended (by the police) in the act of stealing a car. 窃贼在偷汽车时当场被（警察）抓住. 2 [Tn, Tf] (dated or rhet 旧或修辞) grasp the meaning of (sb/sth); understand 领悟; 理解: * Do I apprehend you aright, ie Do you mean what I think you mean? 你的意思我领会得对吗? Cf 参看 comprehend.

apprehension
[7Apri5henFn; 7Apri5henFEn] n 1 [U, C] anxiety about the future; fear 忧虑; 担心; 恐惧: * filled with apprehension 忧心忡忡 * I feel a certain apprehension about my interview tomorrow. 我对明天的面试感到有些担心. 2 [U] understanding 理解; 领悟. Cf 参看 comprehension3 [U] seizing; arrest 逮捕; 拘押: * the apprehension of the robbers, escaped prisoners, etc 逮捕强盗、 逃犯等.

apprehensive
[7Apri5hensiv; 7Apri5hensiv] adj ~ (about/of sth); ~ (that.../for sb/sth) feeling anxiety; fearful; uneasy 忧虑的; 害怕的; 不安的: * apprehensive about the results of the exams 为考试成绩担忧 * apprehensive that he would be beaten 害怕他会挨打 * apprehensive for sb's safety 担心某人的安全. > apprehensively adv.

apprentice
[E'prentis; E'prentis] n 1 person who has agreed to work for a skilled employer for a fixed period in return for being taught his trade or craft 学徒; 徒弟: * [attrib 作定语] an apprentice plumber 见习铅管工人. 2 beginner or novice 生手; 新手. 派生： apprentice v [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (to sb) make sb work as an apprentice (for sb) 使某人（给某人）当学徒. apprenticeship[-tiFip; -ti7Fip] n (time of) being an apprentice 学徒身分（的期限）: * serve an/one's apprenticeship with a carpenter 跟木匠当学徒.

apprise
[E'praiz; E'praiz] v [Tn.pr esp passive 尤用於被动语态] ~ sb of sth (fml 文) inform sb of sth 将某事通知某人: * I was apprised of the committee's decision. 我已获悉委员会的决定.

appro
[5AprEu; 5Apro] n (idm 习语) on appro (Brit infml 口) = on approval (approval).

approach
[E'prEutF; E'protF] v 1 [I, Tn] come near or nearer to (sb/sth) in space or time （在空间或时间上）接近, 靠近（某人[某事物]）: * The time is approaching when we must think about buying a new house. 我们要想一想买新房子的事了, 时机即将来临. * As you approach the town the first building you see is the church. 接近那座城镇的时候, 首先看到的就是教堂. 2 [Tn] be similar in quality or character to (sb/sth) （在性质或特点上）接近（某人[某事物]）: * Few writers even begin to approach Shakespeare's greatness. 莎士比亚的伟大, 鲜有作家能望其项背. 3 [Tn] go to (sb) for help or support or in order to offer sth （为求助或提供某事物）接近（某人）: * approach one's bank manager for a loan 找银行经理寻求贷款 * approach a witness with a bribe 前去贿赂目击者 * I find him difficult to approach, ie not easy to talk to in a friendly way. 我觉得他很难接近（不好谈话）. 4 [Tn] begin to tackle (a task, problem, etc) 着手处理（事务、 难题等）: * Before trying to solve the puzzle, let us consider the best way to approach it. 要想解决这一难题, 咱们先来考虑一下如何着手方为上策. 派生： approach n 1 [sing] act of approaching 接近: Heavy footsteps signalled the teacher's approach. 沉重的脚步声显示教师已经走近了. * At her approach the children ran off. 她走近的时候, 孩子们都跑了. 2 [C] ~ to sth thing resembling sth in quality or character 性质或特点相似的事物: That's the nearest approach to a smile he ever makes. 那已算是他能做出的最近乎微笑的表示了. 3 [C] way leading to sth; path; road 通路; 进路; 道路: All the approaches to the palace were guarded by troops. 通往宫殿的所有道路都有部队把守. * [attrib 作定语] Police are patrolling the major approach roads to the stadium. 警察正在通往运动场的主要通路上巡逻. 4 [C] way of dealing with a person or thing 方法; 手段: a new approach to language teaching 语言教学的新方法.

approach1
5 [C] attempt to reach agreement or become friendly with sb （想与某人商议或亲近的）尝试, 意图: The club has made an approach to a local business firm for sponsorship. 俱乐部已试探向本地一家公司寻求资助. * She resented his persistent approaches. 他一再地表示亲近使她很反感. 6 [C] final part of an aircraft's flight before landing 进场（飞机着陆前的最後飞行阶段）: the approach to the runway 进入跑道的进场飞行. 7 [C] (in golf) stroke from the fairway to the green （高尔夫球赛中）从外野击向球穴区草地. 8 (idm 习语) easy/difficult of approach (fml 文) easy/difficult to talk to in a friendly way 平易近人的[难於接近的]. approachable adj 1 (of people or things) that can be approached （指人或物）可接近的 : The village is only approachable from the south. 这个村子只有从南边才能到达. 2 friendly and easy to talk to 和蔼可亲的. approachability/E7prEutFE'bilEti; E7protFE'bilEti] n [U].

approbation
[7AprE'beiFn; 7AprE'beFEn] n [U] (fml 文) approval; consent 认可; 批准: * awaiting the approbation of the court 等候法院批淮.

appropriate
1[E'prEupriEt; E'propriEt] adj ~ (for/to sth) suitable; right and proper 适当的; 合适的; 正当的: * Sports clothes are not appropriate for a formal wedding. 运动服用於正式婚礼中是不适当的. * His formal style of speaking was appropriate to the occasion. 他郑重其事的讲话方式适合於那个场合. * You will be informed of the details at the appropriate time. 在适当的时候将把详情告诉你. > appropriately adv. appropriateness n [U].

approval
[E'pru:vl; E'pruvl] n [U] 1 feeling or showing or saying that one thinks sth is good or acceptable or satisfactory 赞成; 认可; 满意; 同意: * give one's approval 表示同意 * Do the plans meet with your approval? 这些计划你赞成吗? * a nod of approval 首肯. 2 (idm 习语) on ap`proval (of goods) supplied to a customer on condition that they may be returned if they are not satisfactory （指货物）不满意可以退的. seal of approval => seal2.

approve
[E'pru:v; E'pruv] v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (of sb/sth) say, show or feel that sth is good or acceptable or satisfactory 赞成; 认可; 满意; 同意: * She doesn't want to take her new boy-friend home in case her parents don't approve (of him). 她不愿把新男朋友带回家, 怕父母看不中（他）. * I approve of your trying to earn some money, but please don't neglect your studies. 我同意你去挣一些钱, 可是请不要误了功课. 2 [Tn] confirm (sth); accept 批准（某事物）; 通过: * The minutes of the last meeting were approved. 上次会议记录已获得通过. * The auditors approved the company's accounts. 审计员核准了公司的帐目. > approving adj: * She received many approving glances. 很多赞许的目光向她投来. approvingly adv. 复合： ap`proved school (formerly) place for housing, training and educating young offenders （旧时）少年感化院. Cf 参看 Borstal, reformatory.

approx
abbr 缩写 = approximate; approximately.

approximate
1[E'prCksimEt; E'praksEmEt] adj almost correct or exact but not completely so 近乎正确或精确的; 大约的; 大概的: * an approximate price, figure, amount, etc 大约的价格、 数字、 数量等 * What is the approximate size of this room? 这间屋子大概有多大? > approximately adv: * It cost approximately 300 I can't remember exactly. 价钱大约是300英镑--我记不清了.

appurtenance
[E'pE:tinEns; E'pEtnEns] n (usu pl 通常作复数) (law 律) 1 minor piece of property; accessory 小片地产; 附属物. 2 privilege or right that goes with the ownership of property 附属於财产所有权的特权或权利: * He inherited the manor and all its appurtenances. 他继承了那片庄园及其一切特权.

Apr
abbr 缩写 = April: 14 Apr 1986 1986年4月14日.

apres
ski

apricot
[5eiprikCt; 5epri7kat] n 1 [C] (a) round stone-fruit with soft flesh, related to the plum and peach and orange-yellow when ripe 杏: * [attrib 作定语] ,apricot `jam 杏酱. (b) tree bearing this fruit 杏树. 2 [U] colour of a ripe apricot 杏黄色.

April
[5eiprEl; 5eprEl] n [U, C] (abbr 缩写 Apr) the fourth month of the year, next after March 四月: * She was born in April. 她是四月出生的. * When were you born? The first of April/April the first/(US) April first. 你是什麽时候出生的? 四月一日. * [attrib 作定语] April showers, ie short periods of rain alternating with fine weather. 忽下忽停的春雨. 复合： ,April `Fool victim of a practical joke traditionally played on 1 April （4月1日愚人节）受愚弄的人. ,April `Fool's Day (also ,All `Fools' Day) 1 April 愚人节（4月1日）.

apron
[5eiprEn; 5eprEn] n 1 (a) garment worn over the front part of the body to keep the wearer's clothes clean while working 围裙. =>illus 见插图. (b) any similar covering worn as part of ceremonial dress 礼服中的像围裙的部分. 2 hard-surfaced area on an airfield, where aircraft are manoeuvred, loaded or unloaded 停机坪（飞机场上为调动飞机、 装卸货物、 乘客上下等用的坚实平地）. 3 (also ,apron `stage) (in the theatre) part of the stage that extends into the auditorium in front of the curtain 台口（舞台幕前的突出部分）. 4 (idm 习语) (tied to) one's mother's, wife's, etc apron strings (too much under) the influence and control of one's mother, etc （深受）母亲、 妻子等的影响及控制.

apropos
[7AprE'pEu; 7AprE'po] adv, adj [pred 作表语] (in a way that is) appropriate or relevant to what is being said or done （与正在说的或做的）适宜或有关, 恰好, 及时: * You'll find the last paragraph extremely apropos. 你会觉得最後一段文字极为中肯. 复合： apropos of prep with reference to (sth); concerning 至於; 关於: Apropos of what you were just saying.... 关於你刚才所说的话....

apse
[Aps; Aps] n semicircular or many-sided recess with an arched or domed roof, esp at the east end of a church 半圆室（尤指教堂东端的半圆形或多边形凹室, 顶为拱形或圆形）.

apt
[Apt; Apt] adj (-er, -est) 1 suitable; appropriate 适当的; 恰当的: * an apt quotation 恰当的引语. 2 ~ (at doing sth) quick at learning 学得快的; 聪明的: * She's one of my aptest students. 她是我的最聪明的一个学生. * very apt at programming a computer 非常善於编电脑程序. 3 [pred 作表语] ~ to do sth likely or having a tendency to do sth 易於做某事物; 有做某事物的倾向: * apt to be forgetful, careless, quick-tempered, etc 健忘、 总是粗心大意、 动不动就发脾气 * My pen is rather apt to leak. 我的钢笔爱漏墨水. 派生： aptly adv suitably; appropriately 适当地; 恰当地: aptly punished for one's misdeeds 因行为不检而受到适当惩罚. aptness n [U].

aptitude
[5Aptitju:d; - -tu:d; 5AptE7tud] n [U, C] ~ (for sth/doing sth) natural ability or skill 天生的才能或技巧; 天资; 天赋: * Does she show any aptitude for games? 能看得出她有体育方面的天赋吗? * He has an unfortunate aptitude for saying the wrong thing. 他有失言的倒霉本事. 复合： `aptitude test test to find if sb is suitable for a particular type of work or course of training 能力倾向测验, 性向测验（用以确定某人是否适宜从事某种工作或参加某种训练课程）. Cf 参看 intelligence test (intelligence).

Aqualung
[5AkwElQN; 5AkwE7lQN] n (propr 专利名) portable underwater breathing apparatus used by divers 水肺; 潜水呼吸器.

aquamarine
[7AkwEmE'ri:n; 7AkwEmE'rin] n 1 [C] bluish-green precious stone 海蓝宝石; 蓝晶. 2 [U] its colour 海蓝色.

aquaplane
[5AkwEplein; 5AkwE7plen] n board on which a person stands while being towed across water by a speedboat 滑水板（人站立其上, 由快艇牵引在水上滑行的板）. 派生： aquaplane v [I] 1 ride on an aquaplane 滑水（站在滑水板上作水上滑行运动）. 2 (of a vehicle) skid or glide forward uncontrollably on the wet surface of a road （指车辆）在潮湿路面上失去控制向前滑动.

aquarium
[E'kweEriEm; E'kweriEm] n (pl ~s or -ria) (building containing an) artificial pond or glass tank where live fish and other water creatures and plants are kept 水族馆; 水族箱; 养鱼缸.

Aquarius
[E'kweEriEs; E'kweriEs] n 1 [U] the eleventh sign of the zodiac, the Water-carrier 宝瓶宫（黄道第十一宫）. 2 [C] person born under the influence of this sign 属宝瓶宫星座的人. > Aquarian n, adj. => Usage at zodiac 用法见zodiac. =>illus at zodiac 见zodiac之插图.

aquatic
[E'kwtik; E'kwAtik] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] 1 (of plants, animals, etc) growing or living in or near water （指植物、 动物等）生长於水中或水边的, 水生的: * Many forms of aquatic life inhabit ponds. 有很多种水生动植物均栖居於池塘. 2 (of sports) taking place on or in water （指运动）水上的, 水中的: * Swimming and water-skiing are both aquatic sports. 游泳和滑水都是水上运动.

aquatint
[5AkwEtint; 5AkwE7tint] n 1 [U] process of etching on copper using nitric acid 铜版画飞尘腐蚀法; 凹版腐蚀制版法. 2 [C] picture made in this way 用飞尘腐蚀法印制的图画.

aqueduct
[5AkwidQkt; 5Akwi7dQkt] n structure for carrying water across country, esp one built like a bridge over a valley or low ground 输水道（跨越地域的输送水的结构, 尤指通过河谷或低地的桥状高架水道）.

aqueous
[5eikwiEs; 5ekwiEs] adj of or like water; produced by water 水的; 像水的; 水成的: * chemicals dissolved in an aqueous solution 溶於水溶液的化学药品.

aquiline
[5Akwilain; 5AkwE7lain] adj of or like an eagle 鹰的; 像鹰的: * an aquiline nose, ie one curved like an eagle's beak 鹰钩鼻.

Arab
[5ArEb; 5ArEb] n 1 any of the Semitic people descended from the original inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula, now inhabiting the Middle East and N Africa generally 阿拉伯人. 2 type of horse originally bred in Arabia 阿拉伯马. 派生： Arab adj of Arabia or the Arabs 阿拉伯的; 阿拉伯人的: the Arab countries 阿拉伯国家.

arabesque
[7ArE'besk; 7ArE'besk] n 1 (in art) elaborate design of intertwined leaves, branches, scrolls, etc （艺术上）阿拉伯装饰风格（由树叶、 树枝、 涡卷等形状交织的精细图案）. 2 (in ballet) position of a dancer balanced on one leg with the other stretched horizontally backwards 阿拉贝斯克舞姿（芭蕾舞中的一种舞姿, 单腿直立, 另一腿向後平伸）.

Arabian
[E'reibiEn; E'rebiEn] adj of Arabia or the Arabs 阿拉伯的; 阿拉伯人的: * the Arabian Sea 阿拉伯海. 派生： Arabian n (dated 旧) Arab(1) 阿拉伯人.

Arabic
[5ArEbik; 5ArEbik] adj of the Arabs, esp their language or literature 阿拉伯人的（尤指其语言或文学）. > Arabic n [U] language of the Arabs 阿拉伯语. 复合： ,arabic `numerals (also ,arabic `figures) the symbols 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc 阿拉伯数字（0、 1、 2、 3、 4等）. =>App 4 见附录4. Cf 参看 Roman numerals (Roman).

Arabist
[5ArEbist; 5ArEbist] n student of or expert in Arabic culture, language, history, etc 研究阿拉伯文化、 语言、 历史等的学者或专家.

arable
[5ArEbl; 5ArEbl] n [U], adj (land that is) suitable for ploughing and for growing crops 适於耕作的（土地）; 可耕的（土地）.

arachnid
[E'rknid; E'rAknid] n any of the class of animals including spiders, scorpions, ticks and mites 蛛形纲动物（包括蜘蛛、 子、 蜱、 諰）.

arbiter
[5a:bitE(r); 5arbitl] n 1 ~ (of sth) person who has power to decide what will be done, accepted, etc with regard to sth （对某事物有权决定处理、 认可等的）仲裁人; 裁决人; 权威人士: * the arbiters of fashion 时装的权威. 2 (dated or Scot 旧或苏格兰) = arbitrator.

arbitrary
[5a:bitrEri; - 'a:rbitreri; 5arbE7treri] adj 1 based on personal opinion or impulse, not on reason 任意的; 任性的; 主观的: * The choice of players for the team seems completely arbitrary. 队员的挑选似乎完全是主观决定的. 2 using uncontrolled power without considering others; dictatorial 霸道的; 专横的; 独断独行的: * an arbitrary ruler 专横的统治者 * arbitrary powers 霸权. > arbitrarily adv. arbitrariness n [U].

arbitrate
[5a:bitreit; 5arbE7tret] v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (between A and B) make a judgement about or settle (a dispute) between two parties (usu when asked by them to do so) 仲裁, 公断（通常为经双方要求解决争端）: * He was asked to arbitrate (a serious dispute) between management and the unions. 他被邀请在资方与工会之间（对一严重争端）作出仲裁.

arbitration
[7a:bi'treiFn; 7arbE'treFEn] n 1 [U] settling of a dispute by a person or people chosen to do this by both sides in the dispute （由争执双方挑选的人所作的）仲裁, 公断: * take/refer the matter to arbitration 将此事交付公断. 2 (idm 习语) ,go to arbi`tration ask sb to settle a dispute by arbitrating 提请仲裁: * The union finally agreed to go to arbitration as a way of ending the strike. 工会最後同意提请仲裁以结束罢工.

arbitrator
[5a:bitreitE(r); 5arbE7tretl] (also arbiter) n person chosen to settle a dispute between two parties 仲裁人; 公断人.

arboreal
[a:'bC:riEl; ar'bCriEl] adj (fml 文) of or living in trees 树木的; 栖於树木的: * Squirrels are arboreal creatures. 松鼠是栖於树上的动物.

arboretum
[7a:bE'ri:tEm; 7arbE'ritEm] n (pl -tums or -ta) place where trees are grown for scientific study or for display （供科学研究或展览用的）树木园, 植物园.

arbour
(US arbor)[5a:bE(r); 5arbl] n shady place among trees or climbing plants, esp one made in a garden for people to sit in （树木或攀缘植物构成的）树荫处; （尤指公园中的凉亭, 棚架）.

arc
[a:k; ark] n 1 part of the circumference of a circle or some other curved line 弧（圆周或其它曲线的一部分）. =>illus at circle 见circle之插图. 2 thing with this shape 弧形物: * the arc of a rainbow 虹的弧形. 3 luminous electric current passing across a gap between two terminals 电弧; 弧光. 派生： arc v (pt, pp arced/a:kt; arkt] , pres p arcing/ 5B:kIN; `BrkIN/) [I] form an electric arc 形成电弧; 产生弧光. 复合： `arc lamp (also `arc light) lamp giving light produced by an electric arc 弧光灯. ,arc `welding welding by means of an electric arc （电）弧焊.

arcade
[a:'keid; ar'ked] n covered passage or area, esp one with an arched roof and shops along one or both sides 拱廊（尤指有拱形顶盖, 一侧或两侧有商店的通道）: * a shopping arcade 拱廊市场.

arcane
[a:'kein; ar'ken] adj secret; mysterious 秘密的; 神秘的: * arcane rituals, ceremonies, customs, etc 秘密的仪式、 典礼、 习俗等.

arch
enemy

archaeology
[7a:ki'ClEdVi; 7arki'alEdVi] n [U] study of ancient civilizations by scientific analysis of physical remains found in the ground 考古学. 派生： archaeological[7a:kiE'lCdVikl; 7arkiE'ladVikl] adj of or related to archaeology 考古学的; 与考古学有关的: * archaeological finds 考古发现. archaeologist[7a:ki'ClEdVist; 7arki'alEdVist] n expert in archaeology 考古学家.

archaic
[a:'keiik; ar'keik] adj 1 of a much earlier or an ancient period in history 古代的. 2 (esp of words, etc in a language) no longer in current use （尤指词语）已不通用的, 古体的, 陈旧的: * `Thou art' is an archaic form of `you are'. `Thou art'是`you are'的古体. 派生： archaism[5a:keiizEm; 5arke7izEm] n 1 [C] archaic word or expression 古字; 古词; 古语. 2 [U] use or imitation of what is archaic, esp in language and art 拟古, 拟古主义（尤指在语言及艺术上）.

archangel
[5a:k7eindVl; 5ark'endVEl] n angel of the highest rank 天使长; 大天使.

archbishop
[7a:tF'biFEp; 5artF'biFEp] n bishop of the highest rank, responsible for a large church district 大主教. 派生： archbishopric[7a:tF'biFEprik; 7artF'biFEprik] n 1 position of archbishop 大主教的职位. 2 district under the care of an archbishop 大主教的管区.

archdeacon
[7a:tF'di:kEn; 5artF'dikEn] n (in the Anglican Church) priest next below the rank of bishop （英国国教的）副主教. 派生： archdeaconry n position, rank or house of an archdeacon 副主教的职位、 级别或住所.

archdiocese
[7a:tF'daiEsis; 5artF'daiE7sis] n district under the care of an archbishop; archbishopric 大主教管区.

archduke
[7a:tF'dju:k; - -'du:k; 5artF'duk] n (fem 阴性作 archduchess[7a:tF'dQtFis; 5artF'dQtFis] ) duke of the highest rank, esp (formerly) the son of the Austrian Emperor 大公（尤指旧时奥国皇太子）.

archer
[5a:tFE(r); 5artFl] n person who shoots with a bow and arrows, esp as a sport or (formerly) in battle 射箭运动员; （旧时）弓箭手. =>illus 见插图. 派生： archery[5a:tFEri; 5artFEri] n [U] skill or sport of shooting with a bow and arrows 射箭术; 射箭运动. =>illus 见插图.

archetype
[5a:kitaip; 5arkE7taip] n 1 original or ideal model from which others are copied; prototype 原始模型; 原型. 2 typical example of sth 某事物的典型. > archetypal[5a:kitaipl, 7a:ki'taipl; 5arki'taipl] adj.

archipelago
[7a:ki'pelEgEu; 7arkE'pelE7go] n (pl ~s or ~es) (sea surrounding a) group of many islands 群岛; 群岛周围的海.

architect
[5a:kitekt; 5arkE7tekt] n person who designs buildings and supervises their construction 建 师; 设计师 : * the architect's plans for the new theatre 建 师兴建新剧院的设计图 * (fig 比喻) He was one of the principal architects of the revolution. 他是那次革命的一位发动者.

architecture
[5a:kitektFE(r); 5arkE7tektFl] n [U] 1 art and science of designing and constructing buildings 建 学. 2 design or style of a building or buildings 建 设计; 建 风格: * the architecture of the eighteenth century 十八世纪的建 风格 * Modern architecture depresses me. 现代的建 设计使我感到很憋闷. 派生： architectural[7a:ki'tektFErEl; 7arkE'tektFErEl] adj of or related to architecture 建 学的; 建 上的: * an architectural triumph 建 学的成就. architecturally adv: * The house is of little interest architecturally. 这所房子在建 学上无足轻重.

archives
[5a:kaivz; 5arkaivz] n [pl] 1 (collection of) historical documents or records of a government, town, etc （政府或城镇等的）档案, 案卷: * I found this old map in the family archives. 我在家谱中发现了这幅旧地图. 2 place where such records are kept 档案保管处; 档案馆. 派生： archivist[5a:kivist; 5arkEvist] n person who is trained to keep archives 档案保管员.

archway
[5a:tFwei; 5artF7we] n = arch1 2.

Arctic
[5a:ktik; 5arktik] adj 1 [attrib 作定语] of the regions around the North Pole 北极的; 北极区的. =>illus at globe 见globe之插图. 2 arctic (a) very cold 极冷的; 严寒的: * arctic weather 严寒的天气 * The conditions were arctic. 周围环境极冷. (b) [attrib 作定语] suitable for such conditions 适於寒冷的: * arctic clothing 寒衣. 派生： the Arctic n [sing] the regions around the North Pole 北极; 北极区. 复合： the ,Arctic `Circle the line of latitude 66 30N 北极圈（北纬6630的线）. =>illus at globe 见 globe.

ardent
[5a:dnt; 5ardnt] adj full of ardour; enthusiastic 热心的; 热情的: * an ardent supporter of the local football team 本地足球队的球迷 * ardent in her admiration of the artist 她对那位艺术家的倾慕. > ardently adv.

ardour
(US ardor)[5a:dE(r); 5ardl] n [U] ~ (for sb/sth) great warmth of feeling; enthusiasm; zeal 热情; 热心: * His ardour for the cause inspired his followers. 他对事业的热情激励着他的追随者.

arduous
[5a:djuEs; - -dVu-; 5ardVuEs] adj needing much effort or energy; laborious 艰巨的; 费力的: * an arduous task 艰巨的任务 * The work is arduous and the hours are long. 工作吃力, 时间又长. > arduously adv.

are
1 => be.

area
[5eEriE; 5eriE] n 1 (a) [U] extent or measurement of a surface 面积（表面的范围或量度）: * The area of the office is 35 square metres. 办公室的面积是35平方米. * The kitchen is 12 square metres in area/has an area of 12 square metres. 厨房的面积是12平方米. =>App 4 见附录4. (b) [C] particular measured surface 面积（某一量度的表面）: * Compare the areas of these triangles. 比较一下这些叁角形的面积. =>illus 见插图. Cf 参看 volume 2. 2 [C] (a) part of a surface 表面的一部分: * Clean the area round the cooker. 把炊具周围弄乾净. (b) region of the earth's surface; district of a city, etc （地球表面的）地域; （城市等的）地区: * mountainous, uninhabited, desert, etc areas of the world 世界上的山脉的、 无人居住的、 沙漠的地域 * Do you like the area (ie neighbourhood) where you're living? 你喜欢你居住的地区吗? (c) space reserved for a specific use 留作某种用途的空间: * a `picnic area 野餐区 * the re`ception area 接待处. 3 [C] range of activity or interest 领域; 方面: * the area of finance, training, development, etc 财政、 训练、 发展方面 * The meeting revealed certain areas of disagreement, ie matters on which those present did not agree. 会议上暴露出某些分歧之处（出席者意见不一致的事项）. 4 [C] small courtyard in front of the basement of a house, usu with access to the street 地下室前的小庭院（通常可通往街道）: * [attrib 作定语] sitting on the area steps 坐在地下室前小庭院的台阶上. 复合： `area code (US) dialling code identifying an area or region, used before the local telephone number 电话分区代号（用於当地电话号码之前）. =>App 4 见附录4.

areca
[5ArikE, E'ri:kE; 5ArikE, E'rikE] n tropical Asiatic palm-tree bearing white flowers and orange or red nuts 槟榔树. 复合： areca nut (also betel-nut) seed of this tree 槟榔果.

aren't
[a:nt; arnt] contracted form 缩约式 (infml 口) 1 are not: * They aren't here. 他们不在这里. 2 (in questions 用於问句) am not: * Aren't I clever? 难道我不聪明吗? => be.

arena
[E'ri:nE; E'rinE] n 1 level area in the centre of an amphitheatre or a sports stadium 圆形剧场或运动场中心的平地. 2 (fig 比喻) place or scene of activity or conflict 活动或斗争的场所或场面: * the political arena 政治舞台.

arete
[5Aret; A'ret] n sharp mountain ridge, esp in Switzerland 陡峭的山脊（尤指瑞士的）.

argon
[5a:gCn; 5argan] n [U] chemical element, an almost inert gas present in the atmosphere 氩. =>App 10 见附录10.

argot
[5a:gEu; 5argo] n [U] words and phrases used by a particular group (esp thieves) and not intended to be understood by others; cant 某集体（尤指盗贼）不欲人知而使用的词语; 黑话; 切口; 隐语; 暗语; 行话.

argue
[5a:gju:; 5argju] v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb) (about/over sth) express an opposite opinion; exchange angry words; quarrel 争论; 争辩; 争吵: * The couple next door are always arguing. 邻居的夫妇总吵架. * Don't argue with your mother. 不要和母亲争辩. * We argued with the waiter about the price of the meal. 我们跟服务员争执那顿饭的价钱. 2 [I, Ipr, Tf] ~ (for/against sth) give reasons for or against sth, esp with the aim of persuading sb 说理; 争辩; 辩论: * He argues convincingly. 他的辩解很有说服力. * argue for the right to strike 为争取罢工权利而辩论 * I argued that we needed a larger office. 我据理力争我们需要大些的办公室. 3 [Tn] (fml 文) discuss (sth); debate 讨论; 辩论: * The lawyers argued the case for hours. 律师们对那个案件辩论了几小时. 4 (idm 习语),argue the `toss say that one disagrees about a decision反对某项决定: * Let's not argue the toss we have to accept his choice. 我们不必争论已经决定的事--只好听他的. 5 (phr v) argue sb into/out of doing sth persuade sb to do/not to do sth by giving reasons 说服、 劝说某人做[不做]某事: * They argued him into withdrawing his complaint. 他们说服他撤回了投诉. 派生： arguable[5a:gjuEbl; 5argjuEbl] adj 1 that can be argued or asserted 可论证的; 可断言的: * It is arguable that we would be just as efficient with fewer staff. 我们的职员少一些也能发挥同样效率, 这是言之成理的. 2 not certain; questionable 可疑的; 有问题的: * This account contains many arguable statements. 这种说法含有很多疑点. arguably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv one can argue(2) that 可争辩地; 按理; 按说: * John sings very well though Peter is arguably the better actor. 约翰唱得很好, 不过按理说彼得演得更好.

argument
[5a:gjumEnt; 5argjEmEnt] n 1 [C] ~ (with sb) (about/over sth) disagreement; quarrel 争论; 争辩; 争吵: * get into/have an argument with the referee (about his decision) 与裁判员争辩（他所做的裁判）. 2 [U] discussion based on reasoning 争论; 辩论: * We agreed without much further argument. 我们没怎麽进一步争论就达成了一致意见. 3 [C] ~ (for/against sth); ~ (that...) reason or reasons put forward 论据; 论点; 理由: * There are strong arguments for and against capital punishment. 对於执行死刑, 赞成与反对的双方都有强有力的论据. * The Government's argument is that they must first aim to beat inflation. 政府的论点是必须首先着眼於抑制通货膨胀. 4 [C] summary of the subject matter of a book, etc; theme 概要; 梗概; 主题. 5 (idm 习语) for the sake of argument => sake. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: 1 An argument (over/about sth) is a strong verbal disagreement between people *argument一词（後可接over/about某事物）指人与人之间用激烈言语表达的分歧: Most families have arguments over money. 大多数家庭都有金钱方面 的争执. * I had an argument with my neighbour about a tree in his garden. 我和邻人因其花园里一棵树的事而争了起来. 2 A quarrel is a sharp, often angry, exchange of words between people *quarrel指尖锐的, 常为气愤的言语交锋: The whole thing turned into a bitter quarrel. 整件事酿成了激烈的争吵. 3 A row is angry and may involve shouting, usually for a short time *row一词意含愤怒, 可能夹杂着喊叫, 通常为时短暂: She had a dreadful row with her parents and left home. 她和父母大吵一场就离开了家. A row can also take place between public figures or organizations *row还可发生於头面人物之间或组织机构之间: There was a huge row in Parliament and the minister resigned. 议会上举座哗然, 部长旋即辞职. 4 Altercation is a formal word and indicates a noisy argument. *altercation是个文雅的词, 意为吵吵嚷嚷的争辩.

argument1
5 argumentation /// [7a:gjumen'teiFn; 7argjEmen'teFEn] n [U] (fml 文) process of arguing; debate 立论; 论证; 辩论; 争论.

argumentative
[7a:gju'mentEtiv; 7argjE'mentEtiv] adj fond of arguing (argue 1) 爱争论的; 好辩论的. > argumentatively adj.

argy
bargy

aria
[5a:riE; 5ariE] n song for one voice, esp in an opera or oratorio 咏叹调（尤指歌剧或清唱剧中者）.

arid
[5Arid; 5Arid] adj 1 (of land or climate) having little or no rainfall; dry （指土壤或气候）乾旱的, 乾燥的: * the arid deserts of Africa 非洲的乾旱沙漠 * Nothing grows in these arid conditions. 在这些乾旱环境中, 寸草不生. 2 dull; uninteresting 枯燥的; 无趣味的: * have long, arid discussions about unimportant matters 对鸡毛蒜皮的事进行的冗长而枯燥的讨论. > aridity/E'ridEti; E'ridEti] n [U]. aridly adv. aridness n [U].

Aries
[5eEri:z; 5eriz] n1 [U] the first sign of the zodiac, the Ram 白羊宫（黄道第一宫）. 2 [C] (pl unchanged 复数不变) person born under the influence of this sign 属白羊宫星座的人. =>Usage at zodiac 用法见zodiac. =>illus at zodiac 见zodiac之插图.

aright
[E'rait; E'rait] adv (arch or rhet 古或修辞) (never used in front of the v 不可用於动词之前) rightly 正确; 对: * Do I hear you aright? 你的意思我理解得对吗?

arise
[E'raiz; E'raiz] v (pt arose/E'rEuz; E'roz] , pp arisen/E'rizn; E'rizn] ) 1 [I] become evident; appear; originate 呈现; 出现; 发生: * A new difficulty has arisen. 出现了新困难. * Use this money when the need arises. 有需要时就使用这笔钱. * A storm arose during the night. 夜间起风暴了. 2 [Ipr] ~ out of/from sth follow as a result of sth 因某事物而产生、 造成、 引起: * problems arising out of the lack of communication 由於缺乏交流而产生的问题 * Are there any matters arising from the minutes of the last meeting? 关於上次会议的记录有没有问题? 3 [I] (arch 古) get up or stand up 起身; 起来; 起立.

aristocracy
[7Ari5stCkrEsi; 7ArE'stakrEsi] n 1 [CGp] highest social class; the nobility 贵族阶级; 贵族: * members of the aristocracy 贵族成员. 2 (a) [U] government by people of the highest social class 贵族政府; 贵族统治. (b) [C] country or state with such a government 贵族统治的国家或政体. 3 [C] most able or gifted members of any class （任何阶级或阶层的）最优秀的人物: * an aristocracy of talent 人杰.

aristocrat
[5AristEkrAt; - E'rist-; E'ristE7krAt] n member of the aristocracy; nobleman or noblewoman 贵族的成员; 贵族. Cf 参看 commoner. 派生： aristocratic[7AristE'krAtik; - E7ristE-; E7ristE'krAtik] adj belonging to or typical of the aristocracy 贵族的; 贵族统治的; 有贵族气派的: * an aristocratic name, family, bearing, life-style 贵族的名字、 家庭、 仪态、 生活方式. aristocratically[-kli; -kli] adv.

arithmetic
[E'riWmEtik; E'riWmE7tik] n [U] (a) branch of mathematics that deals with calculations using numbers 算术. (b) these calculations 算术的计算. 派生： arithmetic[7AriW'metik; 7AriW'metik] , arithmetical adjs of or concerning arithmetic 算术的; 关於算术的. ,arithmetic pro`gression (also arith,metical pro`gression) series of numbers that increase or decrease by the same amount each time, eg 1, 2, 3, etc or 8, 6, 4, etc 算数级数, 等差级数（如1、 2、 3等或8、 6、 4等）. Cf 参看 geometric progression (geometry). arithmetically[-kli; -kli] adv. arithmetician/E7riWmE'tiFn; E'riWmE'tiFEn] n expert in arithmetic 算术家.

ark
[a:k; ark] n (in the Bible) ship in which Noah, his family and animals were saved from the Flood 方舟（《圣经》中挪亚及其家人和动物为避洪水而乘的大船）. 复合： the ,Ark of the `Covenant wooden chest in which the writings of Jewish law were originally kept 约柜（保藏犹太法约的木柜）.

arm
1[a:m; arm] n 1 either of the two upper limbs of the human body, from the shoulder to the hand 上肢（肩到手的部分）; 手臂: * She held the baby in her arms. 她抱着那个婴儿. * He gave her his arm (ie let her hold it for support) as they crossed the road. 他们横过马路的时候, 他向她伸出手臂（使她挽住）. * She was carrying a book under her arm, ie between her arm and her body. 她腋下挟着一本书. * He rushed into her arms, ie to be embraced by her. 他投入她的怀抱中. =>illus at human 见human之插图. 2 sleeve 袖子: * There's a tear in the arm of my jacket. 我上衣袖子上有个破口. 3 thing that is shaped like or operates like an arm 臂状物: * the arms of a chair, ie parts on which the arms can rest 椅子的扶手 * an arm of the sea, ie a long inlet 海湾 * an arm of a tree, ie a large branch 大树枝 * the (pick-up) arm of a record-player 电唱头（拾音器）臂. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xvi. 4 (idm 习语) ,arm in `arm (of two people) with the arm of one linked with the arm of the other （指两人）挎着胳膊, 臂挽着臂: * strolling happily arm in arm 臂挽着臂愉快地散步. =>illus 见插图. the (long) arm of the `law (extent of) the authority or power of the law 法律的权威或力量（的限度）: * He fled to Brazil trying to escape the long arm of the law. 他逃到巴西, 企图逃避恢恢法网. at arm's `length with the arm fully extended away from the body 以一臂之距: * holding one's hand out at arm's length 伸直手臂. a babe in arms => babe. chance one's arm => chance2. fold one's arms => fold1. fold sb/sth in one's arms => fold1. have a long arm => long1. keep sb at arm's length not allow oneself to become too friendly with sb 与某人保持距离; 不使自己太亲近某人. a shot in the arm => shot1. twist sb's arm => twist. with arms akimbo with one's hands on one's hips and one's elbows pointed outwards 双手叉着腰. =>illus 见插图. with open `arms => open1.

arm1
复合： `arm-band (also `armlet) n band of material worn round the arm or sleeve 臂环; 袖箍; 臂章; 袖章: Many people at the funeral were wearing black arm-bands. 在丧礼上, 很多人臂戴黑纱. `armchair n chair with supports for the arms （单座的）沙发. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xvi. adj [attrib 作定语] without having or providing practical experience of sth 对某事物没有实际经验的: armchair critics 空谈的批评家 * an armchair traveller, ie sb who reads or hears about travel but does not travel himself 神游旅行者（只阅读或听说关於旅游的事而不亲身旅行的人） * armchair theatre, eg plays on radio or TV 广播剧（如无线电或电视广播的戏剧）. `armful[5a:mful; 5arm7ful] n quantity that can be carried by one or both arms 单臂或双臂围住的量: * armfuls of flowers 一抱一抱的花 * carrying books by the armful 携带着成抱的书. `armhole n opening in a garment through which the arm is put 袖孔. armlet[5a:mlit; 5armlit] n = arm-band. `armpit n hollow under the arm at the shoulder 腋窝; 夹肢窝; 胳肢窝. =>illus at human 见human之插图.

armada
[a:'ma:dE; ar'madE] n 1 [C] large fleet of ships 舰队. 2 the Armada [sing] the Spanish fleet sent to attack England in 1588 无敌舰队（1588年被派遣进攻英国的西班牙舰队）.

armadillo
[7a:mE'dilEu; 7armE'dilo] n (pl ~s) small burrowing animal of S America with a shell of bony plates around its body which allow it to roll up into a ball when attacked 犰狳（产於南美洲的穴居小动物, 身体覆盖有骨质板甲胄, 遇敌时全身可缩成一团）.

Armageddon
[7a:mE'gedn; 7armE'gedn] n [sing] 1 (in the Bible) scene of the final conflict between good and evil at the end of the world （《圣经》中）世界末日善与恶决战的战场. 2 (fig 比喻) any similar dramatic conflict （任何类似的）大决战.

armament
[5a:mEmEnt; 5armEmEnt] n 1 [C often pl 常作复数] weapons, esp the guns on a tank, an aircraft, etc 武器; （尤指坦克、 飞机等配备的）大炮: * [attrib 作定语] the armaments industry 军火工业. 2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] military forces equipped for war 武装力量; 军事力量. 3 [U] process of equipping military forces for war 武装（过程）.

armature
[5a:mEtFE(r); 5armEtFl] n part of a dynamo that rotates in a magnetic field to produce an electric current; rotating coil(s) in an electric motor 电枢; 转子; 电枢线圈; 衔铁线圈.

armistice
[5a:mistis; 5armEstis] n agreement during a war to stop fighting for a certain time; truce 休战; 停战; 休战条约; 停战条约. 复合： `Armistice Day (US `Veterans' Day) 11 November, the anniversary of the armistice that ended fighting in World War I （第一次世界大战的）停战纪念日（11月11日）. Cf 参看 Remembrance Sunday (remembrance).

armorial
[a:'mC:riEl; ar'mCriEl] adj of heraldry or coats of arms (coat of arms (coat)) 纹章的; 盾徽的: * armorial bearings 盾形纹章.

armour
(US armor)[5a:mE(r); 5arml] n [U] 1 (formerly) protective, usu metal, covering for the body, worn when fighting （旧时）甲胄; 盔甲; 铁甲: * a suit of armour 一套盔甲. 2 metal plates covering warships, tanks, etc to protect them from shells, missiles, etc （军舰、 坦克等的防炮弹、 导弹等的）装甲（板）. 3 group of vehicles protected in this way 装甲车辆, 装甲部队: * an attack by infantry and armour 步兵和装甲兵的进攻. 4 (idm 习语) a chink in sb's armour => chink1. 派生： armoured (US armored) adj 1 covered or protected with armour (2)装甲的: an armoured car 装甲车 * The cruiser was heavily armoured. 那艘巡洋舰有坚固的装甲. 2 equipped with armoured vehicles 配备有装甲车辆的: an armoured column, division, etc 装甲纵队、 师等. armourer (US armorer) n 1 person who makes or repairs weapons and armour 武器和甲胄的制造或维修者. 2 person in charge of firearms 军械士. armoury (US armory)[5a:mEri; 5armEri] n place where arms and armour are kept; arsenal 军械库; 兵工厂. 复合： `armour-plate (US `armor-) n sheet of metal used as armour(2) 装甲板.

army
[5a:mi; 5armi] n 1 (a) [CGp] part of a country's military forces that is organized and equipped for fighting on land 陆军: * The two armies fought for control of the bridge. 两军为占据那座桥而战. (b) the army [sing] profession of being a soldier 当兵的职业: * go into, be in, join, leave, etc the army 参军[当兵/入伍/退伍] * [attrib 作定语] army life 部队的生活. 2 [CGp] large number (of people, animals, etc) （人、 动物等的）大军, 大群: * an army of workmen, officials, ants 大群工人、 官员、 蚂蚁. 3 [CGp] organized group of people formed for a purpose 集团; 团体: * an army of volunteers 自愿者组成的团体; 志愿军 * the Salvation Army 救世军.

aroma
[E'rEumE; E'romE] n (esp pleasant) distinctive smell; fragrance 芳香; 香气: * the aroma of coffee, cigars, hot chestnuts 咖啡、 雪茄、 热栗子的香味. 派生： aromatic[7rE'mtik; 7ArE'mAtik] adj having a pleasant, distinctive smell; fragrant 芳香的; 有香味的: * aromatic spices 香料.

arose
pt of arise.

around
1[E'raund; E'raund] adv 1 on every side; in every direction 在四周; 在周围: * hear laughter all around 听到四周的笑声. 2 (infml 口 esp US) approximately; about1(1) 大约; 大概: * around 100 people 大约100人 * at around five o'clock 5点钟左右. 3 (in measurements) following the circumference （度量）周长: * an old tree that was six feet around 一棵周长6英尺的老树.

arouse
[E'rauz; E'rauz] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from sth) wake sb from sleep 唤醒某人: * He was aroused from his nap by the doorbell. 他午睡时被门铃吵醒. 2 [Tn] cause (sth) to appear; awaken 引起（某事物）; 激发: * Her strange behaviour aroused our suspicions. 她不寻常的举动引起我们的猜疑. * He succeeded in arousing the nation's sympathy. 他已经激发了全民的同情. 3 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from/out of sth) cause sb to become active 鼓动、 鼓励、 激励某人: * arouse sb from apathy, inactivity, etc 鼓励某人活跃起来、 活动起来等. (b) [Tn] stimulate (sb) sexually （在性欲方面）刺激（某人）. Cf 参看 rouse. > arousal/E'rauzl; E'rauzl] n.

arpeggio
[a:'pedViEu; ar'pedVi7o] n (pl ~s) (music 音) (a) notes of a chord1 played quickly one after the other, not simultaneously 琶音; 急速和弦. (b) playing or singing of a chord in this way 琶音的演唱; 急速和弦的演奏: * practising arpeggios 练习演奏急速和弦.

arr
abbr 缩写 = 1 (music 音) arranged (by): English folk song, arr Percy Grainger 由格兰杰改编的英国民歌. 2 arrival; arrive(s); arrived; arriving: arr London 06.00 早晨6时整抵达伦敦. Cf 参看 dep 1.

arrack
[5ArEk; 5ArEk] n [U] strong alcoholic drink made in Eastern countries （东方国家所酿制的）阿拉克烧酒.

arraign
[E'rein; E'ren] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth) (law 律) bring a criminal charge against sb; bring sb to court for trial 控告某人; 提讯, 传讯某人: * arraign sb on a charge of murder 控告某人犯谋杀罪 * He was arraigned for theft. 他因偷窃罪被传讯. 2 [Tn] (fml 文) criticize (sth) strongly 强烈谴责（某事物）. > arraignment n [U, C].

arrange
[E'reindV; E'rendV] v 1 [Tn] put (sth) in order; make tidy, neat or attractive 安排; 整理; 布置; 排列: * arrange the books on the shelves 整理书架上的书 * arrange some flowers in a vase 插好花瓶里的花 * She arranged all her business affairs before going on holiday. 她在度假前把业务都安排好了. 2 (a) [Tn] plan the details of (a future event); organize in advance 筹备; 安排: * arrange a dinner to celebrate their anniversary 筹备庆祝他们周年纪念的聚餐 * arrange a programme, a timetable, an itinerary, etc 安排节目、 时间表、 旅行计划等 * Her marriage was arranged by her parents, ie They chose her future husband. 她的婚姻是父母包办的. (b) [Ipr, Tt] ~ for sb/sth (to do sth) make sth happen; ensure that sth happens 使某事物发生; 确保某事物发生; 准备; 设法: * I've arranged for a car (to meet you at the airport). 我已经准备了一辆汽车（到机场接你）. * I'll arrange to be in when you call. 你来电话的时候, 我一定在屋里等着. 3 [Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Tf, Tw, Tt] ~ with sb about sth; ~ (with sb) to do sth agree with sb about sth or to do sth 约定; 商定: * I've arranged with the neighbours about feeding the cats. 我已和邻居商量妥喂猫的事. * Let's arrange a time and place for our next meeting. 咱们定好下次会议的时间和地点吧. * I arranged with my parents that we could borrow their car. 我和父母说好我们可以用他们的汽车. * They arranged to meet at 7 o'clock. 他们约好7点钟见. 4 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (for sth) adapt (a piece of music) for a particular instrument, voice, etc 改编（乐曲）: * He arranged many traditional folk songs (for the piano). 他（为钢琴演奏）改编了很多传统民歌. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: The verbs arrange, organize and plan all have two main meanings.*arrange、 organize、 plan这叁个动词都含有两层主要意思. The first is connected with putting things in order, the second with making preparations in advance. 一是把事物按顺序排好, 二是事先作好准备.

arrange1
1 Arrange is to put in a pleasing or correct order*arrange指的是排成合意的或正确的顺序: You must arrange these books in alphabetical order. 你要把这些书按字母顺序排好. Organize is to put into a working system *organize是指理成便於工作的次序: To write a good essay you must first organize your ideas logically. 要写出好文章, 必须先从逻辑上理顺思绪. Plan is to draw a diagram of a place, project, etc *plan是指勾画出一地方或工程等的图样: Before we buy anything, let's plan the kitchen on paper. 咱们先在纸上画出厨房的图样再买东西. 2 When we arrange a meeting we invite all the necessary people 我们 arrange一会议, 意思是邀请必要到会的人: Could you arrange a meeting with Mrs Wilson for Monday, please? 是否能请你邀请威尔逊夫人星期一到会? To organize a meeting we need to make all the necessary provisions, eg book a room, provide equipment and refreshments, etc 要organize一会议, 我们需要作好一切必要的准备, 如预定房间, 提供设施和茶点等: Who's going to organize the sandwiches for Monday's meeting? 谁来准备星期一会议上的叁明治? When we plan a meeting, we decide in detail on its length, on the agenda, etc 我们plan一会议, 就要确定会议的长短、 议事程序等细节: If we don't plan this meeting properly, we'll get side-tracked into discussing unimportant issues. 倘若我们计划不好这一会议, 就会使讨论扯到枝节问题上去了.

arrangement
[E'reindVmEnt; E'rendVmEnt] n 1 (a) [U] putting in order; arranging 安排; 整理; 布置; 排列: * Can I leave the arrangement of the tables to you? 我把安排这些桌子的事交给你办行吗? (b) [C] result of this; thing arranged 安排; 整理; 布置; 排列: * a plan of the seating arrangements 座次安排计划 * Her flower arrangement won first prize. 她的插花赢得头奖. 2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] ~ (about/for sth) plan; preparation 计划; 筹备; 准备; 安排: * He's responsible for all the travel arrangements. 他负责旅行的一切安排. * Please make your own arrangements for accommodation. 请自行安排食宿. * I'll make arrangements for you to be met at the airport. 我将安排到机场接你的事. 3 [U, C]~ (with sb) to do sth; ~ (with sb) (about/over sth)agreement; settlement 同意; 约定; 解决: * Appointments can be made by arrangement (with my secretary). 约见时间可以（与我的秘书）商定解决. * We can come to some arrangement over the price. 价钱方面, 我们可以商议解决. * I have an arrangement with your bank to cash cheques here. 我已和贵方银行商妥, 支票可以在此兑现. 4 [C] adaptation of a piece of music 改编的乐曲: * a new arrangement of a popular dance tune 新改编的流行舞曲.

arrant
[5ArEnt; 5ArEnt] adj [attrib 作定语] (of a bad person or thing) to the highest degree; utter （指坏人或坏事）绝顶的, 十足的, 完全的: * an arrant fool, hypocrite, liar, rogue, etc 十足的傻瓜、 伪君子、 说谎者、 流氓等 * He's talking arrant nonsense. 他完全胡说八道.

array
[E'rei; E're] v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (fml 文) 1 place (esp armed forces, troops, etc) in battle order 部署（尤指兵力等）: * His soldiers were arrayed along the river bank. 他的士兵沿着河岸摆开阵势. 2 dress or clothe (sb/oneself) 穿着: * arrayed in ceremonial robes 穿着长袍礼服. 派生： array n 1 [C] impressive display or series 展示; 显示; 陈列; 一系列: an array of facts, information, statistics, etc 一连串的事实、 信息、 统计数字等 * an array of bottles of different shapes and sizes 各式各样大小不一的瓶子. 2 [U] (fml 文) clothes; clothing 衣服; 服装: The royal couple appeared in splendid array. 王室伉俪身穿盛装出现. 3 [C] (computing 计) collection of data arranged so that it can be extracted by means of a special program 数组, 阵列（可经某种程序取出的一系列数据）.

arrears
[E'riEz; E'rirz] n [pl] 1 money that is owed and should have been paid earlier （过时未付的）欠款: * arrears of salary 欠薪 * rent arrears 欠租. 2 work that has not yet been done 未做完的工作: * arrears of correspondence, ie letters waiting to be answered 待覆的信件. 3 (idm 习语) be in/fall into arrears (with sth) (a) be late in paying money that is owed 拖欠: * I have fallen into arrears with my rent. 我已经拖欠租金了. * Payment is made in arrears, ie at the end of the period in which eg the work was done. 後行付款（在最後的一段时间付款, 例如工作完成後）. (b) be late in doing work that is necessary 拖延（应做的事）: * I'm in arrears with the housework. 我的家务事还拖着呢.

arrest
[E'rest; E'rest] v [Tn] 1 seize (sb) with the authority of the law 依法逮捕, 拘留, 扣留（某人）: * After the match three youths were arrested. 比赛过後有叁个青年被捕. 2 (fml 文) stop or check (a process or movement) 阻止或抑制（进展或运动）: * Attempts are being made to arrest the spread of the disease. 现正设法遏止这种疾病的蔓延. 3 attract (sth) 吸引（某事物）: * An unusual painting arrested his attention. 一幅异乎寻常的画引起了他的注意. 派生： arrest n 1 act of arresting (arrest 1) 逮捕; 拘留: The police made several arrests. 警方逮捕了好几个人. 2 stoppage 停止: The patient died after suffering a cardiac arrest, ie when his heart stopped functioning properly. 病人患心搏停止而死亡（心脏停止跳动）. 3 (idm 习语) be/place sb/put sb under arrest be/be made a prisoner 被逮捕; 被拘留; 成为囚犯: I am placing you under arrest for attempted burglary. 我按企图盗窃罪逮捕你. * You are under arrest. 你被捕了. arresting adj attracting attention; striking 引人注意的; 显着的: an arresting smile 引人注目的微笑.

arrival
[E'raivl; E'raivl] n 1 [U] act of arriving 到达; 抵达: * Cheers greeted the arrival of the Queen. 一片欢呼声欢迎女王莅临. * On (your) arrival at the hotel please wait for further instructions. （你）抵达旅馆後, 请听候进一步指示. * to await arrival, ie (on a letter, parcel, etc) to be kept until the person to whom it is addressed arrives 待领（写在信件、 包裹等上面的字样, 意为等候收件人前来领取）. 2 [C] person or thing that arrives 到达的人或物: * Late arrivals must wait in the foyer. 来晚的人要在门厅等候. * We're expecting a new arrival (ie a new baby) in the family soon. 我们期待着家中不久将添一个新生儿.

arrive
[E'raiv; E'raiv] v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (at/in...) reach (a place), esp at the end of a journey 到达, 抵达（某地）（尤指旅途的终点）: * arrive home 到家 * What time did you arrive? 你几点钟到的? * We arrived at the station five minutes late. 我们到车站晚了五分钟. * They will arrive in New York at noon. 他们将於中午到达纽约. 2 [I] (of an event in time) come （指有时间性的事件）到来: * The great day has arrived. 伟大的日子已经到来. * The baby finally arrived (ie was born) just after midnight. 婴儿终於在刚过午夜时候降生了. 3 [I] (infml 口) become well known or successful 成名; 成功: * You know you've arrived when you're asked to appear on TV. 邀请你在电视上亮相的时候, 你就知道你已经名声在外了. 4 (phr v) arrive at sth reach sth 达成或得出某事物: * arrive at an agreement, a decision, a conclusion, etc 达成协议、 作出决定、 得出结论.

arrogant
[5ArEgEnt; 5ArEgEnt] adj behaving in a proud and superior manner; showing too much pride in oneself and too little consideration for others 傲慢的; 自大的: * an arrogant tone of voice 傲慢的口气 * It's arrogant of you to assume you'll win every time. 你自以为每次都能赢, 未免太自大了. > arrogance[5rEgEns; 5ArEgEns] n [U]. arrogantly adv.

arrogate
[5ArEgeit; 5ArE7get] v [Tn.pr] (fml 文) 1 ~ sth to oneself claim or take sth to which one has no right 冒称; 妄取: * arrogating all the credit to himself 把一切功劳都归於他自己. 2 ~ sth to sb say unjustly that sb thinks or acts wrongly 不公平地说某人错: * arrogate evil motives to a rival 硬说对手居心不良.

arrow
[5ArEu; 5Aro] n 1 thin pointed stick designed to be shot from a bow1(1) 箭; 矢. =>illus at archery (archer) 见archery之插图. 2 mark or sign resembling this -->, used to show direction or position 箭号, 箭头（即 -->, 用以指示方位）: * Follow the arrows on the map. 跟着地图上的箭头走. 3 (idm 习语) straight as an arrow/die => straight1. 复合： `arrowhead n pointed end of an arrow 箭头; 箭镞.

arrowroot
[5ArEuru:t; 5Aro7rut] n (a) [U] edible starch prepared from the root of an American plant 竹芋粉. (b) [U, C] this plant 竹芋.

arse
[a:s; ars] n ( sl 讳, 俚) 1 (US ass/As; As] ) buttocks; anus 屁股; 肛门. 2 (usu following an adj 通常用於形容词之後) person 人: * You stupid arse! 你这个笨蛋! 3 (idm 习语) lick sb's arse => lick. not know one's arse from one's elbow => know. 派生： arse v (phr v) arse about/around ( Brit sl 讳, 俚) behave in a silly manner 举动愚笨: Stop arsing about and give me back my shoes. 别傻里傻气的, 快把鞋还给我. 复合： `arse-hole (US `ass-hole) n ( sl 讳, 俚) (often used as a term of abuse 常用作辱骂语) anus 肛门. `arse-licker n ( sl 讳, 俚) person who tries to win favours by flattering people 马屁精.

arsenal
[5a:sEnl; 5arsnEl] n 1 place where weapons and ammunition are made or stored 军械场; 军火库. 2 store of weapons 储藏的武器; 武库: * (fig 比喻) The speaker made full use of his arsenal of invective. 演讲者振振有词地大张挞伐.

arsenic
[5a:snik; 5arsnik] n [U] (chemistry 化) 1 brittle steel-grey element 砷. =>App 10 见附录10. 2 violently poisonous white compound of this 砒霜; 信石.

arson
[5a:sn; 5arsn] n [U] criminal and deliberate act of setting fire to a house or other building, either from malice or in order to claim insurance money 放火; 纵火. 派生： arsonist[5a:sEnist; 5arsEnist] n person who is guilty of arson 放火犯; 纵火犯.

art
1[a:t; art] n 1 [U] (a) creation or expression of sth beautiful, esp in a visual form, eg painting, sculpture, etc 美的事物的创造或表现（尤指用视觉形式, 如绘画、 雕刻等）; 艺术; 美术: * the art of the Renaissance 文艺复兴时期的艺术 * children's art 儿童的艺术 * [attrib 作定语] an art critic, historian, lover, etc 艺术批评家、 艺术史家、 艺术爱好者. (b) skill in such creation 艺术技巧: * Her performance displayed great art. 她的表演表现了高度的艺术技巧. * This tapestry is a work of art. 这张挂毯是件艺术品. (c) instances of this 艺术; 美术: * [attrib 作定语] an `art exhibition/gallery 艺术展览[馆]. 2 the arts [pl] = fine art (fine). 3 arts [pl] subjects of study (eg languages, literature, history) in which imaginative and creative skills are more important than the exact measurement and calculation needed in science 文科: * [attrib 作定语] an arts degree with honours in sociology 他持有社会学的文科（荣誉）学位. 4 [C, U] any skill or ability that can be learnt by practice, esp contrasted with scientific technique; knack （尤指与科学技术相对而言的, 经过实践获得的）技能, 技巧: * the art of appearing confident at interviews 在面试时表现自信的技巧 * Threading a needle is an art in itself. 穿针引线本身就是一种技巧. * The art of letter-writing is fast disappearing. 尺牍技巧行将消失. 5 (a) [U] cunning; trickery 狡诈; 欺诈. (b) [C] trick; wile 奸计; 诡计: * well-practised in the arts of seduction 惯用诱骗诡计. 6 (idm 习语) get sth down to a fine art => fine2. 复合： `art-form n type of artistic activity involving special materials or techniques 艺术形式: Film-making is now accepted as an art-form. 电影制片现已公认是一种艺术形式. ,arts and `crafts decorative design and handicraft 工艺美术; 手工艺. `artwork n photographs and illustrations in books, newspapers and magazines 书籍和报刊上的图片.

artefact
(also artifact)[5a:tifkt; 5arti7fAkt] n thing made by man, esp a tool or weapon of archaeological interest 人工制品（尤指有考古价值的工具或武器）: * prehistoric artefacts made of bone and pottery 史前的骨制及陶制器具.

arterial
[a:'tiEriEl; ar'tiriEl] adj of or like an artery 动脉的; 像动脉的: * the arterial system, ie of the body 动脉网 * arterial roads, ie important main roads （道路的）干线.

arteriosclerosis
[a:7tiEriEusklE'rEusis; ar'tiri7oskli'rosis] n [U] diseased condition in which the walls of the arteries become harder and hinder the circulation of the blood 动脉硬化.

artery
[5a:tEri; 5artEri] n 1 any of the tubes carrying blood from the heart to all parts of the body 动脉. Cf 参看 vein. 2 important route for traffic or transport, eg a road, railway line or river 干线（交通或运输的重要路线, 如公路、 铁路线或河流）.

artesian well
[a:7ti:ziEn 'wel; - a:r'ti:Vn; 5ar7tiVEn'wel] vertically drilled hole in the ground through which a steady supply of water rises to the surface by natural pressure 自流井; 喷水井.

artful
[5a:tfl; 5artfEl] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] 1 (of people) cunningly clever at getting what one wants; crafty （指人）狡猾的; 诡诈的: * He's an artful devil! 他诡计多端! 2 (of things or actions) cleverly made or contrived （指事物或行动）巧妙作出或设计的: * an artful deception, trick, etc 骗局、 诡计 * an artful little gadget for opening tins 小巧玲珑的开罐头工具. > artfully[5a:tfEli;'artfEli] adv. artfulness n [U]. Cf 参看 artless.

arthritis
[a:'Wraitis; ar'Wraitis] n [U] inflammation of a joint or joints of the body, causing pain and stiffness 关节炎. Cf 参看 fibrositis, rheumatism. 派生： arthritic/a:'Writik; ar'Writik] adj suffering from or caused by arthritis 患关节炎的; 关节炎造成的: * arthritic hands, pains 患关节炎的手、 疼痛. n person suffering from arthritis 关节炎患者.

artichoke
[5a:titFEuk; 5arti7tFok] n 1 (also globe artichoke) plant like a large thistle with a flowering head of thick leaf-like scales used as a vegetable 洋蓟（一种大型蓟状植物, 有厚叶状苞片的花头, 可作蔬菜）. 2 (also Jerusalem artichoke/dVE7ru:sElEm 'a:titFEuk; dVE7ruzElEm 'arti7tFok] ) type of sunflower with tuberous roots used as a vegetable 菊芋（向日葵属植物, 其块根可作蔬菜, 亦称洋姜）.

article
[5a:tikl; 5artikl] n 1 particular or separate thing, esp one of a set 物件; 物品（尤指一套中之一）: * articles of clothing, eg shirts, socks, hats, coats 衣物（如衬衫、 袜子、 帽子、 外衣） * toilet articles, eg soap, toothpaste, shaving-cream 梳妆用品（如肥皂、 牙膏、 刮胡膏） * The articles found in the car helped the police identify the body. 警方根据从汽车里找到的物品认出了 体的身分. 2 piece of writing, complete in itself, in a newspaper, magazine, etc （报刊上的）文章: * an interesting article on/about education 一篇关於教育的使人感兴趣的文章.3 (law 律) separate clause or item in an agreement or a contract （协议或合同的）项目, 条款: * articles of apprenticeship, ie the formal agreement between an apprentice and his employer 师徒合约. 4 (grammar) either of the determiners `a/an' (the indefinite article) or `the' (the definite article) 冠词（不定冠词a/an或定冠词 the）. 派生： article v [usu passive 通常用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (to sb) employ sb under contract as a trainee 雇用某人为受合同约束的受训者: an articled clerk 订有见习合同的店员 * articled to a solicitor 受律师实习条款约束的. 复合： ,article of `faith 1 basic point of sb's religious belief （宗教信仰的）信条. 2 any firmly held belief 信念; 信条.

articulate
1[a:'tikjulEt; ar'tikjElit] adj 1 (of a person) able to express one's ideas clearly in words （指人）能用词语把意思表达清楚的: * She's unusually articulate for a ten-year-old. 对一个十岁的孩子来说, 她异乎寻常地能说会道. 2 (of speech) clearly pronounced （指讲话）发音清晰的. 3 having joints 有关节的. > articulately adv. articulateness n [U].

articulation
[a:7tikju'leiFn; ar7tikjE'leFEn] n 1 [U] making of speech sounds 发音: * As he drank more wine his articulation became worse. 他又多喝了些酒, 口齿也就更不清楚了. 2 [U, C] (connection by means of a) joint （用关节）连接; 关节.

artifact
= artefact.

artifice
[5a:tifis; 5artEfis] n [C, U] (instance of) clever trickery; deception 诡计; 欺骗: * Pretending to faint was merely (an) artifice. 假装昏迷只不过是个诡计.

artificer
[a:'tifisE(r); ar'tifEsl] n skilled workman or mechanic, esp one in the army or navy 技工; 工匠; （尤指陆军或海军中的）技术兵.

artificial
[7a:ti'fiFl; 7artE'fiFEl] adj 1 made or produced by man in imitation of sth natural; not real 人造的; 人工的; 假的: * artificial flowers, light, limbs, pearls 假花、 人造光、 义肢、 假珍珠. 2 affected; insincere; not genuine 做作的; 虚假的; 假的: * Her artificial gaiety disguised an inner sadness. 她以矫揉造作的快乐掩饰着内心的悲痛. > artificiality[7a:tifiFi'lEti; 7arti7fiFi'AlEti] n [U]. artificially[7a:ti'fiFEli; 7artE'fiFEli] adv. 复合： ,artificial insemi`nation injection of semen into the womb (esp of animals) artificially, so that conception can occur without sexual intercourse 人工授精（尤指施於动物的）. ,artificial in`telligence (abbr 缩写 AI) (study of) the capacity of machines to simulate intelligent human behaviour 人工智能（的研究）. ,artificial respi`ration process of forcing air into and out of the lungs to stimulate natural breathing again when it has failed, eg in a person who has almost drowned 人工呼吸.

artillery
[a:'tilEri; ar'tilEri] n [U] 1 heavy guns (often mounted on wheels) used in fighting on land 大炮: * [attrib 作定语] an artillery regiment 炮兵团. 2 branch of an army that uses these 炮兵部队: * a captain in the artillery 炮兵部队的上尉.

artisan
[7a:ti'zn; - 'a:rtizn; 5artEzn] n (fml 文) skilled workman or craftsman 技工; 工匠: * an artisan in leatherwork 皮匠.

artist
[5a:tist; 5artist] n 1 person who practises any of the fine arts, esp painting 搞艺术的人; 艺术家; （尤指）画画儿的人, 画家: * Constable was a great English artist. 康斯太布尔是伟大的英国画家. 2 person who does sth with great skill 能手; 大师: * The carpenter has made this cupboard beautifully he's a real artist. 那个木匠做的这个柜子很漂亮--他真是个能工巧匠. 3 = artiste.

artiste
[a:'ti:st; ar'tist] n professional entertainer, eg a singer, a dancer, an actor, etc 职业表演者; 艺人: * Among the artistes appearing on our show tonight we have.... 今晚为我们演出的（表演者）有....

artistic
[a:'tistik; ar'tistik] adj 1 (a) having natural skill in any of the fine arts 有艺术才能的. (b) showing a sensitive appreciation of and liking for the fine arts 有审美能力的; 爱好艺术的: * She comes from a very artistic family. 她出身於很有艺术修养的家庭. 2 done with skill and good taste; beautiful 有艺术技巧的; 有美感的: * The decor is so artistic. 全部装饰很有艺术性. 3 of art and artists 艺术的; 艺术家的: * an artistic temperament, ie impulsive and eccentric behaviour thought to be typical of artists 艺术家的气质（感情冲动, 行为古怪被视为艺术家的特徵）. > artistically/a:'tistikli; ar'tistikli] adv.

artistry
[5a:tistri; 5artistri] n [U] skill or work of an artist 艺术技巧; 艺术作品; 艺术工作: * admire the artistry of the painter's use of colour 钦佩这位画家使用颜色的技巧.

artless
[5a:tlis; 5artlis] adj simple and natural; without deceit 单纯而自然的; 无虚饰的: * as artless as a child of five 像五岁孩子那样天真烂漫 * My artless comment was mistaken for rudeness. 我直言不讳的评论被误会为粗暴无礼. Cf 参看 artful.

arty
[5a:ti; 5arti] adj (infml derog 口, 贬) showing a pretentious artistic style or a false or exaggerated interest in art 附庸风雅的; 冒充有艺术修养的: * His arty clothes look out of place in the office. 他的奇装异服, 在办公室里很不顺眼. 复合： ,arty-`crafty adj (joc or derog infml 谑或贬, 口) (of furniture and household objects) appearing to be made by hand and designed for artistic effect rather than for usefulness or comfort （指家具及家庭用品）显示出是手工制作的, 设计华而不实的.

arum lily
[7eErEm 'lili; 7erEm 'lili] type of tall cultivated lily with a long white funnel-shaped flower 白星海芋.

Aryan
[5eEriEn; 5eriEn] adj 1 of the Indo-European group of languages 雅利安语系的. 2 of speakers of these languages 说雅利安语的人. 派生： Aryan n 1 person who speaks an Indo-European language 雅利安人. 2 (formerly used in Germany under Nazi rule) person with non-Jewish Germanic ancestors （旧时用於纳粹统治下的德国）非犹太日尔曼民族的後裔.

as
[Ez; Ez; strong form 强读式 z; Az] prep 1 so as to appear to be (sb) 好像（某人）: * dressed as a policeman 打扮得像个警察 * They entered the building disguised as cleaners. 他们化装成清洁工人的模样进入大楼. 2 having the function or character of (sb) 有（某人）的身分或特性; 作为; 当作: * a job as a packer 包装者的工作 * work as a courier 当导游 * I'm speaking as your employer. 我以雇主的身分和你说话. * Treat me as a friend. 把我当作朋友. * accept sb as an equal 把某人视为同等的人 * I respect him as a writer and as a man. 我尊重他这位作家, 也尊重他这个人. =>Usage 见所附用法. 3 (a) since sb is (sth) 因某人是（某身分）: * As her private secretary he has access to all her correspondence. 他是她的私人秘书, 能接触到她所有的信件. (b) when or while sb is (sth) 当某人是（某身分）时: * As a child she was sent to six different schools. 她儿时前後上过六所学校. 派生： as adv 1 as...as (used before advs and adjs in order to make a comparison 用於副词和形容词之前, 以构成比较句型) (a) (with the second as a prep 第二个as用作介词) to the same extent...; equally...as 达到与...相同的程度; 与...等同: as tall as his father 和他父亲一样高 * This dress is twice as expensive as that. 这件连衣裙比那件贵一倍. * He doesn't play half as well as his sister. 他演奏的水平不及他姐姐的一半. * I haven't known him as long as you. 我没有你认识他的时间长. * As likely as not (ie Very probably), it will rain. 很有可能要下雨. (b) (with the second as a conj 第二个as用作连词) to the same extent...as; equally...as 同...一样达到某种程度; 与...等同: He looks as ill as he sounded on the phone. 他的样子和他在电话中说话的声音反映的病情是一样的. * His eyes aren't quite as blue as they look in the film. 他的眼睛不像在电影里见到的那麽蓝. * Run as fast as you can. 你能跑多快就跑多快.

as1
* He recited as much of the poem as he could remember. 他把诗中记得住的都背诵出来了. * She's as good an actress as she is a singer. 她当演员和当歌手都一样出色. 2 not differently from; like 和...无不同; 像; 如: As before he remained unmoved. 他和以往一样无动於衷. * The `h' is silent as in `hour'. 在hour这个字中, h不发音. as conj 1 during the time when; while 在...期间; 当...的时候: I watched her as she combed her hair. 她梳头的时候我一直看着她. * As he grew older he lost interest in everything except gardening. 他年纪越来越大, 除了喜欢园艺以外, 对一切都失去了兴趣. 2 (usu placed at the beginning of the sentence 通常置於句首) since; because 由於; 因为: As you weren't there I left a message. 因为你不在那里, 我留了个信儿. * As she's been ill perhaps she'll need some help. 她由於生病可能需要些帮助. 3 (used after an adj or adv to introduce a clause of concession 用於形容词或副词之後, 引导让步从句) although 尽管; 即使; 虽然: Young as I am, I already know what career I want to follow. 我虽然还小, 可是对要从事的职业已胸有成竹了. * Talented as he is, he is not yet ready to turn professional. 别看他有天分, 他还没把心用到专业上去. * Much as I like you, I couldn't live with you. 我尽管很喜欢你, 却不能和你在一起生活. * Try as he would/might, he couldn't open the door. 他试过多次了, 却仍打不开那门. 4 in the way in which 以...方式: Do as I say and sit down. 照我说的, 坐下. * Leave the table as it is, ie Do not disturb the things on it. 那桌子就那样吧（不要动上面的东西）. * Why didn't you catch the last bus as I told you to? 你怎麽不听我的话赶乘末班公共汽车呢? 5 a fact which 为...之事实: Cyprus, as you know, is an island in the Mediterranean. 如你所知, 塞浦路斯是地中海的岛国. * The Beatles, as many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool. 你们这样年纪的人大多还记得披头士乐队吧, 他们都是利物浦人.

as2
6 (usu followed by be or do + subject 通常後接be或do +主语) and so too 也一样: She's unusually tall, as are both her parents. 她特别高, 她父母也都那麽高. * He's a doctor, as was his wife before she had children. 他是医生, 他妻子生儿育女之前也当过医生. =>Usage 见所附用法. 7 (idm 习语) as against sth in contrast with sth 与...对照; 与...相比: She gets Saturdays off in her new job as against working alternate weekends in her last one. 她新找的这份工作星期六放假, 而原来的那份工作周末是隔周放假. * We had twelve hours of sunshine yesterday, as against a forecast of continuous rain. 昨日有十二小时的晴天, 预报却说仍有雨. ,as and `when (a) (referring to an uncertain future event or action 指将来的某一未定的事或行动) when 到时候: We'll decide on our team as and when we qualify for the competition. 我们来决定自己的队到什麽时候才有资格参加比赛. Cf 参看 if and when (if). (b) (infml 口) when possible; eventually 可能时; 终於; 最终: I'll tell you more as and when, ie as soon as I can. 有可能时我再多跟你说. as for sb/sth with regard to sb/sth 至於某人[某事物]: As for the hotel, it was very uncomfortable and miles from the sea. 至於旅馆呢, 非常不舒服, 而且离海边有好几里地. * As for you, you ought to be ashamed of yourself. 至於你, 你应该感到惭愧. as from; esp US as of (indicating the time or date from which sth starts 指某事物开始的时间或日期): As from next Monday you can use my office. 从下星期一起, 你可以使用我的办公室. * We shall have a new address as of 12 May. 我们自5月12日起将用新地址. as if; as though with the appearance of; apparently 好像; 似乎; 彷佛: He behaved as if nothing had happened. 他装作若无其事的样子. * As if unsure of where she was, she hesitated and looked round. 她彷佛茫然不知身在何处, 犹犹豫豫向四周打量. * He rubbed his eyes and yawned as though waking up after a long sleep. 他又揉眼睛又打哈欠, 好像睡了一大觉刚醒似的. ,as it `is taking present circumstances into account; as things are 照现状看; 看样子: We were hoping to have a holiday next week as it is, we may not be able to get away. 我们原来盼望着下星期放假--看样子走不了了.

as3
* I thought I might be transferred but as it is I shall have to look for a new job. 我以为我可能调动工作, 照目前情况看我得另找工作了. ,as it `were (used to comment on the speaker's own choice of words, which may give only an approximate meaning 用以评断自己用词是否恰当, 指词义接近而已): She seemed very relaxed in her natural setting as it were. 她似乎十分悠然自得--可以说是有自己随遇而安的天地. * He'd been watching the water rising for two hours preparing to meet his destiny, as it were before help arrived. 他在获救前的两小时中, 一直眼看着水在上涨--可谓准备听天由命了. as to sth; as regards sth with regard to sth; regarding sth 至於某事物; 提到某事物: As to correcting our homework, the teacher always makes us do it ourselves. 谈到批改我们的作业, 老师总是让我们自己改. * There are no special rules as regards what clothes you should wear. 至於应该穿什麽衣服, 并没有硬性规定. as yet => yet. ,as you `were (used as an order to soldiers, etc to return to their previous positions, activities, etc 用作口令, 意为恢复到原来的位置、 姿势、 活动等). NOTE ON USAGE 用法: 1 When referring to the similarity between people, things and actions, both as and like are used 在谈到人、 事物或动作彼此有相同点或共同点时, 使用as和like均可. Like is a preposition and is used before nouns and pronouns *like是介词, 用於名词和代词之前: Like me, she enjoys all kinds of music. 她和我一样, 各种音乐都喜爱. As is a conjunction and is used before a clause *as是连词, 用於分句之前: She enjoys all kinds of music, as I do. 她各种音乐都喜爱, 和我一样. In informal speech like is frequently used as a conjunction, replacing both as and as if 在口语中, like往往用作连词, 当作as和as if使用: Nobody understands him like/as I do. 没有人能像我这样理解他. * It looks like/as if he won't arrive in time. 看来他好像不能按时到达了.

as4
2 Compare the use of as and like indicating occupations or functions 试比较as和like用於职业或作用方面的用法: She worked as a teacher (ie was a teacher) for many years. 她当了许多年的教师. Our doctor always talks to me like a teacher talking to a child, ie He is not a teacher but he has the manner of one. 给我们看病的医生对我说话总是像教师对小学生说话一样.

ASA
[7ei es 'ei; 7e es 'e] abbr 缩写 = 1 Advertising Standards Authority 广告标准局. 2 (also ASA/BS) (of a scale of film speeds) American Standards Association (/British Standard) （指底片度数）美国标准（[英国标准]）: * ASA/BS 100 美国标准[英国标准]100度. Cf 参看 BS, BSI, DIN, ISO.

asap
[7ei es ei 'pi:; 7e es e 'pi] abbr 缩写 = as soon as possible 尽快.

asbestos
[As'bestCs, also Ez'bestEs; As'bestEs] n [U] soft fibrous grey mineral substance that can be made into fireproof material or used for heat insulation 石棉（柔软的灰色纤维状矿物, 可用以制造耐火材料或用以隔热）. 派生： asbestosis[7Asbes'tEusis; 7Asbes'tosis] n [U] disease of the lungs caused by inhaling asbestos particles 石棉沉着病.

ascend
[E'send; E'send] v [I, Tn] (fml 文) go or come up (sth) 上升; 升高: * The path started to ascend more steeply at this point. 这条路从这里向上就更陡了. * We watched the mists ascending from the valley below. 我们看着薄雾从下面的山谷中升起. * notes ascending and descending the scale 上升及下降音阶的音符 * (fig 比喻) ascend the throne, ie become king or queen 登基（帝王即位）.

ascendancy
(also ascendency)[E'sendEnsi; E'sendEnsi] n [U] ~ (over sb/sth) (position of) having dominant power or control 有支配的力量或控制力（的地位）: * He has (gained) the ascendancy over all his main rivals. 他（获）有压倒一切主要对手的优势.

ascendant
(also ascendent)[E'sendEnt; E'sendEnt] n (idm 习语) in the ascendant rising in power and influence 权势日益增强: * Though he is still a young man his political career is already in the ascendant. 他虽然年纪轻轻, 可是他在政坛上已青云直上了.

ascension
[E'senFn; E'senFEn] n 1 [U] act of ascending 上升; 升高. 2 the Ascension [sing] (in the Bible) departure of Jesus from the earth into heaven （《圣经》中）耶稣升天. 复合： As`cension Day day on which the Ascension is commemorated in the Christian Church, ie the Thursday that is the fortieth day after Easter 耶稣升天节（复活节後的第四十天, 星期四）.

ascent
[E'sent; E'sent] n 1 act of ascending 上升; 升高: * the ascent of Mount Everest 登埃佛勒斯峰（即珠穆朗玛峰） * Who was the first man to make an ascent in a balloon? 第一个乘气球升空的人是谁? 2 upward path or slope 上坡路; 爬坡: * The last part of the ascent is very steep. 最後一段上坡路很陡.

ascertain
[7AsE'tein; 7Asl'ten] v [Tn, Tf, Tw] (fml 文) discover (sth) so that one is certain; get to know 查明; 弄清; 确定: * ascertain the true facts 查明事实真相 * ascertain that the report is accurate 弄清报告准确无误 * ascertain who is likely to come to the meeting 确定谁有可能来开会 * The police are trying to ascertain what really happened. 警方正设法查个水落石出. > ascertainable adj. ascertainment n [U].

ascetic
[E'setik; E'setik] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] not allowing oneself pleasures and comforts; having or involving a very austere life 不让自己快乐和舒服的; 苦行的; 过极简 生活的: * the ascetic existence of monks and hermits 僧侣隐士的清苦生活. 派生： ascetic n person who leads a very simple life without basic comforts, esp for religious reasons 苦行者; 苦行修道者. ascetically[-kli; -kli] adv. asceticism/E'setisizEm; E'setE7sizEm] n [U].

ascorbic acid
[E7skC:bik 'sid; E'skCrbik 'Asid] vitamin found esp in citrus fruits and vegetables; vitamin C 抗坏血酸（即维生素C）.

ascribe
[E'skraib; E'skraib] v [Tn.pr] ~ sth to sb/sth consider sth to be caused by, written by or belonging to sb/sth 认为某事物是由某人[某事物]所造成或写成; 归功於、 归咎於某人[某事物]: * He ascribed his failure to bad luck. 他把失败归咎於运气不好. * This play is usually ascribed to Shakespeare. 这个剧本一般认为是莎士比亚所作. * You can't ascribe the same meaning to both words. 不要认为这两个词的意思是相同的. 派生： ascribable adj [pred 作表语] ~ to sb/sth that can be ascribed to sb/sth 可归於、 起因於某人[某事物]: His success is ascribable simply to hard work. 他的成功就是由於勤奋.

ascription
[E'skripFn; Es'kripFEn] n [C, U] ~ (to sb/sth) (fml 文) (act of) ascribing sth (to sb/sth) 归因; 归功; 归咎.

ASEAN
[5Azin; 5AziAn] abbr 缩写 = Association of South-East Asian Nations 东南亚国家联盟.

asepsis
[7ei'sepsis; - E'sep-; E'sepsis] n [U] state of being free from harmful bacteria 无菌; 无毒.

aseptic
[7ei'septik; - E'sep-; E'septik] adj (of wounds, dressings, etc) free from bacteria that cause a thing to become septic; surgically clean （指伤口、 敷料等）无菌的; （外科医疗上）无感染的.

asexual
[7ei'sekFuEl; e'sekFuEl] adj 1 without sex or sex organs 无性的; 无性器官的: * asexual reproduction 无性生殖. 2 having or showing no interest in sexual relations 对两性关系（显示）无兴趣的: * an asexual relationship 没有性关系的关系. > asexuality/ei7sekFu'lEti; e7sekFu'AlEti] n [U].

ash
1[AF; AF] n (a) [C] tree commonly found in forests, with silver-grey bark and hard close-grained wood （即白蜡树）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page i. (b) [U] its wood, used for tool handles, etc 木（用作工具的把柄等）. 复合： 5ash plant n strong walking-stick made from the stem of a young ash tree 白蜡杆手杖.

ashamed
[E'Feimd; E'Femd] adj [pred 作表语] 1 ~ (of sth/sb/oneself); ~ (that...) feeling shame, embarrassment, etc about sth/sb or because of one's own actions 感到羞耻; 感到惭愧: * ashamed of her behaviour at the party 对她在聚会上的行为而感到羞耻的 * You should be ashamed of yourself for telling such lies. 你应该为说这些谎话而感到羞耻. * He felt ashamed of having done so little work. 他因只做了这麽一点儿工作而感到惭愧. * I feel ashamed that I haven't written for so long. 我很久未曾写信, 甚为惭愧. 2 ~ to do sth reluctant to do sth because of shame or embarrassment 因为羞耻或惭愧而勉强作某事: * I'm ashamed to say I haven't been to church for three years. 我真不好意思说我已经叁年没上教堂了. * He felt too ashamed to ask for help. 他不好意思请求帮助. * I'm ashamed to let you see my paintings. 让你看我的画, 很难为情.

ashen
[5AFn; 5AFEn] adj like ashes in colour; very pale 灰色的; 苍白的: * She listened to the tragic news ashen-faced. 她听到这一悲惨消息, 脸都白了.

ashore
[E'FC:(r); E'FCr] adv to or on the shore or land 上岸; 上陆; 在岸上; 在陆上: * We went ashore when the boat reached the port. 船一靠港我们就上岸了. * The ship was driven ashore (ie forced onto the shore) by the bad weather. 天气十分恶劣, 轮船被迫靠岸.

ashy
[5AFi; 5AFi] adj of or like ashes; covered with ashes 灰的; 像灰的; 覆盖着灰的: * His face was ashy grey. 他面如土色.

Asian
[5eiFn; - 'eiVn; 5eVEn] n (person descended from a) native or inhabitant of Asia 亚洲人. 派生： Asian adj of Asia 亚洲的.

Asiatic
[7eiFi'tik; - 7eiVi-; 7eVi'Atik] adj of Asia 亚洲的: * the Asiatic plains 亚洲的平原. 派生： Asiatic n (offensive 蔑) Asian person 亚洲人.

aside
[E'said; E'said] adv 1 on or to one side of the main position, direction, etc 在一边; 向一边: * pull the curtain aside 把 子拉向一边 * Stand aside and let these people pass. 靠边站, 让这些人过去. * He took me aside to tell me of his wife's illness. 他把我拉到一边, 告诉我他妻子病的事. * (fig 比喻) You must put aside (ie out of your thoughts) any idea of a holiday this year. 你得把今年要度假的想法撇开. 2 in reserve 留着: * set aside some money for one's retirement 为退休而存些钱 * Please put this jumper aside (ie reserve it) for me. 请给我留着这件毛衣. 派生： aside n 1 (in the theatre) words spoken by an actor on stage that are intended to be heard by the audience but not by the other characters on stage 旁白（戏剧角色背着台上其他剧中人对观众所说的话）. 2 incidental remark 顺便说的话: I mention it only as an aside. 我只是顺便提及此事. 复合： aside from prep (esp US) = apart from (apart).

asinine
[5Asinain; 5Asn7ain] adj stupid or stubborn 愚蠢的; 固执的: * What an asinine thing to say! 说的话多蠢!

ask
[a:sk; Ask] v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Tw, Dn.n, Dn.w] ~ (sb) (about sb/sth); ~ sth of sb request information (about sb/sth) (from sb) 问; 询问: * Ask (him) about the ring you lost he may have found it. 问问（他）你丢的戒指--也许他捡到了. * Don't be afraid of asking questions. 不要怕提问题. * Did you ask the price? 你问价钱了吗? * (fml 文) No questions were asked of us. 没有人问我们问题. * He asked if I could drive. 他问我会不会开车. * She asked them their names. 她问他们的姓名. * I had to ask the teacher what to do next. 我得问问老师下一步做什麽. 2 [Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Tw, Dn.w, Dn.t] ~ (sb) for sth; ~ sth (of sb) request that sb gives sth or does sth 要求某人给某事物或做某事物: * Did you ask (your boss) for a pay increase? 你请求（老板）加薪了吗? * ask sb's advice, opinion, views, etc 徵询某人的高见、 意见、 看法等 * If you want to camp in this field you must ask the farmer's permission. 在这块地上露营要徵求农民的许可. * May I ask a favour (of you)? 能不能（请你）帮我一个忙? * It's asking rather a lot of you to have my whole family to stay. 我全家在此逗留要打搅您, 未免有些过分了. * She asked (me) if I would drive her home. 她请求我开车送她回家. * I asked James to buy some bread. 我叫詹姆斯去买些面包. 3 [Tw, Tt, Dn.w, Dn.t] request permission to do sth 请求准许做某事: * ask to use the car 请求准许使用汽车 * ask to speak to sb, eg on the phone 请求准许与某人谈话（如打电话时） * I asked (the doctor) whether/if I could get up. 我请求（医生）让我下床. * I must ask you to excuse me. 我得请你原谅. 4 [Tn.pr, Tn.p, Dn.t] ~ sb (to sth) invite sb 邀请, 请某人: * ask them to dinner 请他们吃饭 * He's asked me out several times already. 他已经几次邀请我外出. * Shall we ask the neighbours in/round (ie to our house)? 咱们把邻居请（到咱家）来好吗?

ask1
* She's asked him to come to the party. 她邀请他来参加聚会. 5 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (for sth) request sth as a price 要价; 讨价: * You're asking too much. 你要价太高. * What are they asking for their house? 他们那所房子要多少钱? * He's asking 80 a month rent for that flat. 那套房间月租他要80英镑. 6 (idm 习语) `ask for trouble/it (infml 口) behave in a way that is likely to result in trouble 自找麻烦; 自讨苦吃: * Driving after drinking alcohol is asking for trouble. 酒後开车是自讨苦吃. for the `asking if one merely asks 只需开口; 只要索取: * The job is yours for the asking, ie If you say you want it, it will be given to you. 你一开口就能得到那份工作. I `ask you (infml 口) (expressing disbelief, surprise, annoyance, etc 表示怀疑、 惊奇、 烦恼等): * They're thinking of taxing textbooks I ask you, we'll have to pay to go to bed next! 教科书也快要上税了--好家伙, 眼看连睡觉都得付钱了! if you ask `me if you would like to know my opinion 如果你想知道我的看法; 恕我直言; 不瞒你说: * If you ask me, he hasn't got long to live. 恕我直言, 他活不长了. 7(phr v) ask after sb request information about sb's health 问候某人的健康; 问候; 问安: * He always asks after you in his letters. 他每次来信都向你问候. ask for sb/sth say that one wants to see or speak to sb or to be given or directed to sth 要求见某人; 要求与某人谈话; 要某事物; 要求指点: * ask for the manager, the tickets, the bar 要求见经理; 要票; 询问酒吧地点. 复合： `asking price price at which sth is offered for sale 要价; 开价; 叫价: They refused to accept less than the asking price. 他们言无二价. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: When making a request for somebody to do something, ask is the most usual and informal word 若要某人做某事, ask是最通俗、 最口语化的词: I asked her to shut the window. 我让她关上窗户.

ask2
* He asked me for a light. 他向我借个火. The verb request is mainly used in formal speech and writing, often in public notices and commonly in the passive form *request这一动词主要用於庄重的讲话和文字中, 常用於通告中, 多用於被动式: Dear Sir, I have been requested to inform you that... 敬启者: 兹通知阁下... * Passengers are kindly requested not to smoke at the buffet counter. 乘客请勿在自助餐台附近吸烟. Beg suggests the asking of a great favour in a humble manner *beg指以谦恭的姿态要求给予巨大的帮助: He knew he had hurt her and begged her to forgive him. 他自知伤了她的心而央求她原谅. Entreat, implore and beseech are stronger and more formal than beg *entreat、 implore、 beseech叁词均比beg的词义强而文雅: He entreated/implored/beseeched her not to desert him. 他恳求她不要抛弃他.

askance
[E'skAns; E'skAns] adv (idm 习语) look askance (at sb/sth) look (usu sideways) at sb/sth with distrust or disapproval （因怀疑或不满而）斜着眼睛看某人[某事物]; 侧目而视; 瞟: look askance at the price 对那个价钱侧目而视 * She looked at me rather askance when I suggested a swim in the nude. 我提议裸体游泳, 她就瞟了我一眼.

askew
[E'skju:; E'skju] adj [pred 作表语], adv not in a straight or level position; crooked(ly) 歪; 斜; 歪斜: * The picture is hanging askew. 这张画挂歪了. * He's got his hat on askew. 他歪戴着帽子. * The line is drawn all askew. 这条线都画斜了.

aslant
[E'sla:nt; - E'slnt; E'slAnt] adv, prep in a slanting direction or obliquely (across) 斜; 倾斜地（跨过）: * The evening sunlight shone aslant through the window. 夕照斜穿入窗. * The wrecked train lay aslant the track. 失事的火车横在铁轨上.

asleep
[E'sli:p; E'slip] adj [pred 作表语] 1 not awake; sleeping 睡着; 睡熟: * Don't wake her up she's fast/sound asleep. 别吵醒她--她睡得很熟[很香]. * He fell asleep during the sermon. 他在听着讲道时睡着了. 2 (of limbs) having no feeling; numb （指四肢）麻木, 发麻, 麻痹: * I've been sitting on my leg and now it's asleep. 我把腿坐麻了.

asp
[sp; Asp] n small poisonous snake found esp in N Africa （尤指北非产的）小毒蛇.

asparagus
[E'spArEgEs; E'spArEgEs] n [U] (a) plant with feathery leaves whose young shoots are cooked and eaten as a vegetable 芦笋（石刁柏的通称, 也称龙须菜）. (b) these shoots 芦笋的嫩茎: * have (some) asparagus for lunch 午饭有（些）芦笋 * [attrib 作定语] asparagus soup 芦笋汤.

aspect
[5Aspekt; 5Aspekt] n 1 [C] particular part or feature of sth being considered 方面: * look at every aspect of the problem 看这问题的各个方面. 2 [sing] (fml 文) (esp of people) appearance or look （尤指人）样子, 容貌, 神态: * a man of enormous size and terrifying aspect 面目狰狞的彪形大汉. 3 [C usu sing 通常作单数] side of a building that faces a particular direction （建 物的）方向, 方位: * The house has a southern aspect. 这所房子朝南. 4 [C] (in astrology) relative position of stars and planets, thought to influence events on earth 星位（占星术中命星与行星间的相对位置, 认为可影响人间事物）. 5 [C] (grammar) range of meanings expressed by the verb forms have + past participle (eg has worked) or be + present participle (eg is working) 体（动词的语法范畴, 以have+过去分词表示, 如 has worked, 或以be+现在分词表示, 如 is working）. 派生： aspectual[5AspektFuEl; A'spektFuEl] adj (grammar) concerned with aspect(5) （动词）体的: * There is an aspectual difference between `He crossed the road' and `He was crossing the road'. He crossed the road和He was crossing the road两句中动词的体是不同的.

aspen
[5AspEn; 5AspEn] n tree of the poplar family with leaves that flutter even in the slightest wind 白杨.

asperity
[5AsperEti; As'perEti] n (fml 文) 1 [U] harshness or severity, esp of manner 粗暴, 粗鲁（尤指态度、 举止）: * reply with asperity 粗鲁地回答. 2 [C usu pl, U 作可数名词时通常作复数, 亦作不可数名词] (instance of) very cold or severe weather 严寒的天气: * suffer the asperities of winter near the North Pole 遭受近北极严冬之苦.

aspersions
[E'spE:Fnz; - -Vnz; E'spEVEnz] n [pl] (fml or rhet 文或修辞) 1 damaging or derogatory remarks 诽谤; 诬蔑: * I strongly resent such unwarranted aspersions. 我对这种莫须有的诽谤深恶痛绝. 2 (idm 习语) cast aspersions => cast1.

asphalt
[5Asflt; - -fC:lt; 5AsfClt] n [U] black sticky substance like coal tar, mixed with sand or gravel for making road surfaces, or used to make roofs, etc waterproof 沥青（通称柏油）. 派生： asphalt v [Tn] cover (esp a road) with asphalt 以沥青铺（尤指道路）.

asphyxia
[Es'fiksiE; - As'f-; As'fiksiE] n [U] condition caused by lack of air in the lungs; suffocation 窒息. 派生： asphyxiate/Es'fiksieit; Es'fiksi7et] v [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] cause (sb) to become ill or to die by preventing enough air from reaching the lungs; suffocate 使（某人）窒息而病或死: * asphyxiated by the smoke and poisonous fumes 被烟或毒气窒息. asphyxiation/Es7fiksi'eiFn; Es7fiksi'eFEn] n [U].

aspic
[5Aspik; 5Aspik] n [U] clear meat jelly served with or around meat, fish, eggs, etc （肉类的）冻子: * chicken in aspic 鸡肉冻子.

aspidistra
[7Aspi'distrE; 7Aspi'distrE] n tall plant with broad pointed leaves, usu grown indoors 蜘蛛抱蛋（一种高大植物, 叶宽而尖, 常为室内盆栽, 别称‘一叶’）.

aspirant
[E'spaiErEnt; E'spairEnt] n ~ (to/after/for sth) (fml 文) person who is ambitious (for fame, promotion, success, etc) 有抱负的人; 有进取心的人: * an aspirant to the presidency 争当总统的人.

aspirate
[5AspErEt; 5AspErEt] n (phonetics 语音) sound of `h' or of a consonant containing it 送气音; 吐气音: * The word `hour' is pronounced without an initial aspirate. hour一字的开头字母h不发送气音. 派生： aspirate[5AspEreit; 5AspE7ret] v [Tn] pronounce (sth) with an `h' sound 将（某字）发成送气音: * The initial `h' in `hour' is not aspirated. hour一字中起首的h不发送气音.

aspiration
[7AspE'reiFn; 7AspE'reFEn] n 1 [U, C often pl 常作复数] ~ (for/after sth); ~ (to do sth) strong desire or ambition 渴望; 抱负; 志气: * She was filled with the aspiration to succeed in life. 她渴望有所成就. * He has serious aspirations to a career in politics. 他有从政的雄心壮志. 2 [U] aspirating 发送气音.

aspire
[E'spaiE(r); E'spair] v [Ipr, It] ~ after/to sth desire strongly to achieve sth; have ambition for sth 渴望成就某事物; 对某事物有雄心或野心: * aspire after knowledge 渴求知识 * aspire to become an author 热望成为作家 * Aspiring musicians must practise many hours a day. 有抱负的音乐家每天要练习很多小时.

aspirin
[5Asprin, 'spErin; 5AspErin] n (a) [U] medicine used to relieve pain and reduce fever 阿司匹林（镇痛解热药）: * Have you got any aspirin? 你有阿司匹林吗? (b) [C] tablet(2) of this 阿司匹林药片: * Take two aspirins for your headache. 你头疼吃两片阿司匹林吧.

ass
1[As; As] n 1 (also donkey) animal related to the horse, with long ears and a tuft at the end of its tail 驴. 2 (infml 口) stupid person 傻瓜; 笨蛋: * Don't be such an ass! 别这麽傻了! 3 (idm 习语) make an `ass of oneself behave stupidly so that one appears ridiculous 出洋相; 干傻事: * I made a real ass of myself at the meeting standing up and then forgetting the question. 我在会上真出了洋相了--一站起来就把问题忘了.

assail
[E'seil; E'sel] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (with sth) (fml 文) attack sb violently or repeatedly 猛击, 痛打, 攻击某人: * assailed with fierce blows to the head 殴打头部 * assail sb with questions, insults, etc 对某人质问、 侮辱等 * assailed by worries, doubts, fears, etc 饱受烦恼、 疑惑、 恐惧等折磨. 派生： assailant n (fml 文) person who attacks 攻击者: He was unable to recognize his assailant in the dark. 他在黑暗中认不出殴打他的人.

assassin
[E'sAsin; - -sn; E'sAsn] n killer, esp one who kills an important or famous person for money or for political reasons 暗杀者, 行刺者（尤指为金钱或政治目的而杀害要人或名人者）.

assassinate
[E'sAsineit; - -sEn-; E'sAsn7et] v [Tn] kill (esp an important or famous person) for money or for political reasons 暗杀, 行刺（尤指为金钱或政治目的而杀害要人或名人）. 派生： assassination/E7sAsi'neiFn; - -sE'neiFn; E7sAsn'eFEn] n (a) [U] murder of this kind 暗杀; 行刺. (b) [C] instance of this 暗杀; 行刺.

assault
[E'sC:lt; E'sClt] n [C, U] ~ (on sth) sudden violent attack 突然而猛烈的攻击; 突袭; 突击: * make an assault on the enemy lines 突袭敌军阵线 * The roar of city traffic is a steady assault on one's nerves. 市区车辆的喧嚣声不停地刺激着神经. * an alarming increase in cases of indecent assault, eg rape 强奸猥亵案件惊人的增加. 派生： assault v [Tn] make an assault on (sb) 突袭; 突击: He got two years' imprisonment for assaulting a police officer. 他因袭击警察而遭两年监禁. * Six women have been sexually assaulted in the area recently. 最近这一带有六个女子遭受强奸猥亵. 复合： as,sault and `battery (law 律) violent physical attack on sb 殴打. as`sault craft portable boat with an outboard motor, used for making attacks across rivers, etc 突击艇（发动机装於船外的一种轻便船, 在渡河等突击时使用）.

assay
[E'sei; E'se] n testing of esp metals for quality 试验、 测定、 鉴定（尤指对金属质量）: * make an assay of an ore 对一矿石作试验鉴定. 派生： assay v 1 [Tn] test the quality of (a metal); analyse (eg an ore) 测定（金属）的质量; 分析（如矿石）. 2 [Tn, Tt] (arch 古) attempt (esp sth difficult) 尝试（尤指困难事物）.

assegai
[5sEgai; 5AsE7gai] n light iron-tipped throwing-spear used by S African tribes （南非部族使用的）铁尖轻标枪.

assemblage
[E'semblidV; E'semblidV] n 1 [U] (fml 文) act of bringing or coming together; assembly 集合; 组合; 装配. 2 [C] (often joc 常作戏谑语) collection of things or people 聚集的物或人: * an odd assemblage of broken bits of furniture 一堆奇形怪状的破烂家具.

assemble
[E'sembl; E'sembl] v 1 [I, Tn] (cause people or things to) come together; collect 集合; 聚集; 收集: * The whole school (was) assembled in the main hall. 全校在大礼堂集合. * assemble evidence, material, equipment, a collection of objects 收集证据、 材料、 设备、 物品. 2 [Tn] fit together (the parts of sth) 装配; 安装: * assemble the parts of a watch 装配表的零件 * The bookcase can easily be assembled with a screwdriver. 这书柜用一把螺丝刀就可以很容易地安装起来.

assembly
[E'sembli; E'sembli] n 1 (a) [U] coming together of a group of people for a specific purpose 集合; 集会: * Morning assembly is held in the school hall. 晨会在学校礼堂举行. * deny sb the right of assembly 不予某人集会的权利 * [attrib 作定语] assembly rooms 会议室. (b) [CGp] group of people in such a meeting 集合的人们; 参加集会的人们: * The motion was put to the assembly. 这项动议已提交给大会了. * The national assembly has/have met to discuss the crisis. 国民大会已对这一危机进行了讨论. * the legislative assemblies of the USA 美国各州的两院制议会. 2 (a) [U] act or process of fitting together the parts of sth 装配; 安装: * The assembly of cars is often done by machines. 汽车常由机器装配. * Each component is carefully checked before assembly. 每个零件在装配前都经过仔细检查. * [attrib 作定语] an assembly plant, eg in a factory 装配车间（如工厂中者）. (b) [C] unit consisting of smaller manufactured parts that have been fitted together 装配组件: * the tail assembly of an aircraft 飞机的机尾装配组件. 3 [C] sound of a drum or bugle calling soldiers to assemble （军队的）集合鼓, 集合号. 复合： as`sembly line sequence of machines and workers along which a product moves as it is assembled in stages 装配线: He works on the assembly line at the local car factory. 他在本地汽车制造厂装配线上工作.

assent
[E'sent; E'sent] n [U] ~ (to sth) (fml 文) agreement; approval 同意; 赞成: * give one's assent to a proposal 对建议表示同意 * by common assent, ie with everybody's agreement 一致同意 * The new bill passed by Parliament has received the royal assent, ie been approved by the monarch. 议会所通过的新法案已获国王批准. 派生： assent v [I, Ipr] ~ (to sth) express agreement; consent 同意; 赞成: I can never assent to such a request. 我决不能同意这种要求.

assert
[E'sE:t; E'sEt] v 1 [Tn] (a) make others recognize (sth) by behaving firmly and confidently 坚定而有信心地使别人认识到（某事物）; 坚持: * assert one's authority, independence, rights 坚持自己的权威性、 独立性、 权利. (b) ~ oneself behave in a confident manner that attracts attention and respect 表现出自信而受到注意和尊重: * You're too timid you must try to assert yourself more. 你太畏缩了--要尽量增强自信心. 2 [Tn, Tf] state (sth) clearly and forcefully as the truth 清楚而有力地表明（某事物）为事实; 声称; 断言: * She asserted her innocence/that she was innocent. 她坚称自己很清白[她是无辜的].

assertion
[E'sE:Fn; E'sEFEn] n 1 [U] action of claiming or stating forcefully; insistence 有力的声言或陈词; 坚持: * assertion of one's authority 对自己权威的维护 * an air of self-assertion 坚持己见的姿态 * speak with assertion 坚定地说. 2 [C] strong statement claiming the truth of sth （声称某事物属实的）强硬陈词; 断言: * I seriously question a number of your assertions. 对你所坚持的说法, 有几点我甚为怀疑.

assertive
[E'sE:tiv; E'sEtiv] adj showing a strong and confident personality; asserting oneself 表现出刚毅与自信性格的; 坚定而自信的: * an assertive young man 有自信心的年轻人 * state one's opinions in an assertive tone of voice 以坚定自信的语气表达自己的意见. > assertively adv. assertiveness n [U].

assess
[E'ses; E'ses] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (at sth) decide or fix the amount of sth 确定, 评定（某数额）: * assess sb's taxes/income 评定某人的税额[总收入] * assess the damage at 350 评定损害赔偿金为350英镑. 2 [Tn] decide or fix the value of (sth); evaluate 确定, 评定（某事物）的价值; 估价: * have a house assessed by a valuer 由估价者给房子估价. 3 [Tn, Cn.n/a] ~ sth (as sth) estimate the quality of sth 估计、 评定某事物的质量: * It's difficult to assess the impact of the President's speech. 总统讲话的巨大影响很难估计. * I'd assess your chances as extremely low. 我估计你成功的机会极微. 派生： assessment n 1 (a) [U] action of assessing 确定; 评定: Continuous assessment is made of all students' work. 对全体学生的功课作出连贯性的评定. (b) [C] evaluation or opinion 评价; 看法: What is your assessment of the situation? 你对这一情况有什麽看法? 2 [C] amount fixed for payment 核定的付款额: a tax assessment 税款核定额. assessor n 1 person who assesses taxes or the value of property, etc （评定税款或财产价值等的）评税员, 估价员. 2 person who advises a judge in court on technical matters 陪审法官（法庭技术顾问）.

asset
[5Aset; 5Aset] n 1 ~ (to sb/sth) (a) valuable or useful quality or skill 有价值的或有用的特性或技能: * Good health is a great asset. 健康就是莫大的财富. (b) valuable or useful person 有价值的或有用的人: * He's an enormous asset to the team. 他是队里的骨干. 2 (usu pl 通常作复数) thing, esp property, owned by a person, company, etc that has value and can be used or sold to pay debts （属於个人或公司所有, 可用以抵偿债务或变卖後支付债务的）财产, 资产: * His assets included shares in the company and a house in London. 他的财产包括公司的股票和位於伦敦的房子. Cf 参看 liability. 复合： `asset-stripping n [U] (commerce 商) practice of buying at a cheap price a company with financial difficulties and then selling its assets individually to make a profit 资产倒卖（廉价收买经济上有困难的公司, 然後将其资产逐一变卖获利的做法）.

asseverate
[E'sevEreit; E'sevE7ret] v [Tn, Tf] (fml 文) state (sth) firmly and solemnly （坚定而郑重地）宣称, 陈词, 断言: * asseverate one's innocence/that one is innocent 坚称自己很清白[自己是无辜的]. >asseveration/E7sevE'reiFn; E7sevE'reFEn] n [U, C].

assiduity
[7Asi'dju:Eti; - -du:-; 7AsE'duEti] n [U] (fml 文) constant and careful attention to a task 专心致志; 勤勉: * He shows great assiduity in all his work. 他对所有工作都兢兢业业.

assiduous
[E'sidjuEs; - -dVuEs; E'sidVuEs] adj (fml 文) showing constant and careful attention 专心致志的; 勤勉的: * be assiduous in one's duties 认真执行任务 * The book was the result of ten years' assiduous research. 那本书是十年苦心钻研的成果. > assiduously adv.

assign
[E'sain; E'sain] v 1 [Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth to sb give sth to sb as a share of work to be done or of things to be used 分配给某人一部分工作去做或一份东西去使用: * The teacher has assigned each of us a holiday task. 教师给我们每个人都分配了假日的工作. * The two large classrooms have been assigned to us. 这两间大教室已经分配给我们了. 2 [Tn.pr, Tnt] ~ sb to sth name sb for a task or position; appoint sb 指定某人做一工作或任一职务; 委派, 选派某人: * They've assigned their best man to the job. 他们选派了最合适的人做那项工作. * One of the members was assigned to take the minutes. 其 中的一个成员被指定作记录. 3 [Tn.pr, Cn.n/a] name or fix (a time, place, reason, etc for sth) 指定（时间、 地点）; 确定（原因）: * Shall we assign Thursdays for our weekly meetings? 我们把每周例会定在星期四好吗? * It is impossible to assign an exact date to this building. 确定这座建 物的确切年代是不可能的. * Can we assign jealousy as the motive for the crime? 我们能否确定这一犯罪动机是出於嫉妒? 4 [Tn.pr] ~ sth to sb (law 律) transfer (property, rights, etc) to sb 将（财产、 权利等）转让予某人; 过户予某人. 派生： assignable adj that can be assigned 可指定的; 可委派的; 可归因的; 可转让的. assignment n 1 [C] task or duty that is assigned to sb 指定给某人的任务或职责: Your next assignment will be to find these missing persons. 你的下一项任务是寻找这些失踪的人. * She was sent abroad on a difficult assignment. 她被派出国执行一项艰巨任务. 2 [U] act of assigning (esp property, rights, etc) 转让（尤指财产、 权利等）: a deed of assignment 转让契约.

assignation
[7Asig'neiFn; 7Asig'neFEn] n (fml or rhet 文或修辞) arrangement to meet sb, esp secretly or illicitly 约会, 幽会（尤指秘密的或不正当的）: * an assignation with a lover 与情人的幽会.

assimilate
[E'simEleit; E'siml7et] v 1 [I, Tn] (a) (cause sth to) become absorbed into the body after digestion （使某物）经消化而吸收: * Some foods assimilate/ are assimilated more easily than others. 有些食物比另一些食物容易吸收. (b) (allow sb/sth to) become part of another social group or state （让某人[某事物]）同化: * The USA has assimilated people from many different countries. 美国同化了来自许多国家的人. 2 [Tn] absorb (ideas, knowledge, etc) in the mind 吸收（思想、 知识等）: * Children in school are expected to assimilate what they have been taught. 希望在学的儿童能吸收教给他们的知识. 3 [Tn.pr esp passive 尤用於被动语态] ~ sth to sth make sth similar to sth 使某事物与另一事物相似. 派生： assimilation/E7simE'leiFn; E7siml'eFEn] n [U] 1 process of assimilating or being assimilated （被）吸收或同化的过程. 2 (phonetics 语音) change in a speech sound when it becomes similar to another speech sound next to it 同化（一个语音受相邻语音影响而产生与之相同或相似的变化）.

assist
[E'sist; E'sist] v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Tnt] ~ (sb) in/with sth; ~ (sb) in doing sth (fml 文) help 帮助; 援助; 协助: * The head teacher's deputy assists with many of his duties. 副校长帮助校长做很多工作. * Two men are assisting the police in their enquiries, ie are answering questions which may lead to their arrest as suspected criminals or help the police find other suspects. 有两个人正在协助警方进行对他们的询问（回答涉嫌犯罪的问题从而将之逮捕或协助警方追查其他疑犯）. * You will be required to assist Mrs Smith in preparing a report. 你将要协助史密斯夫人准备一份报告. 2 [Ipr] ~ at/in sth (fml 文) be present at or take part in sth 在某场合出席; 参加某事物: * assist at the ceremony 参加仪式. 派生： assistance n [U] (fml 文) help 帮助; 援助; 帮忙: Please call if you require assistance. 如果需要帮忙, 请打电话. * Can I be of any assistance, sir? 我能帮点儿忙吗, 先生? * Despite his cries no one came to his assistance. 尽管他大声喊叫, 却没有人来帮助他. * I can't move this piano without assistance. 没有人帮忙, 我可挪不动这架钢琴. assistant n 1 person who helps 助手; 助理: My assistant will operate the tape-recorder. 我的助手将操纵录音机. 2 person who serves customers in a shop 店员. adj [attrib 作定语] (abbr 缩写 asst) helping, and ranking next below, a senior person 助理的: the assistant manager 协理; 襄理; 副经理 * a senior assistant master, ie in a school （男）高级助理教师.

assize
[E'saiz; E'saiz] n [C usu pl, U 作可数名词时通常作复数, 亦作不可数名词] (formerly) lawcourt session held periodically in each county of England and Wales for trying civil and criminal cases 巡回审判（旧时英国高等法院在英格兰和威尔士各郡举行的定期庭审, 审理民事与刑事案件）: * courts of assize 巡回审判法庭.

Assoc
(also assoc) abbr 缩写 = associate (d); association.

associate
1[E'sEuFiEt; E'soFiEt] adj [attrib 作定语] 1 joined or allied with a profession or organization （与某职业或组织）联合的, 联盟的, 合伙的: * an associate judge 陪审法官 * the associate producer of a film 联合制片人. 2 having a lower level of membership than full members 准的（会员）: * Associate members do not have the right to vote. 准会员没有选举权. 派生： associate n 1 partner; colleague; companion 合伙人; 同事; 伙伴: one's business associates 业务合伙人 * They are associates in crime. 他们是共犯. 2 associate member 准会员.

association
[E7sEusi'eiFn; E7sosi'eFEn] n 1 [U] (a) ~ (with sb/sth) action of associating or being associated联合; 联系; 联盟; 合伙: * His English improved enormously because of his association with British people. 因为他和英国人有来往, 所以他的英语突飞猛进. * There has always been a close association between these two schools. 这两所学校一向有密切联系. * We are working in association with a number of local companies to raise money for the homeless. 我们与本地一些公司联合为无家可归的人筹款. (b) being in sb's company; friendship 与某人为伍; 友谊; 友情; 交往: * She became famous through her association with several poets. 她通过与几位诗人的交往而出名了. 2 [C] mental connection between ideas 联想: * What associations does the sea have for you? 你从大海能联想到什麽? 3 [C] group of people joined together for a common purpose; organization 社团; 协会; 学会: * Do you belong to any professional associations? 你是哪个专业学会的? 复合： As,sociation `football (also football, soccer) form of football played by two teams of eleven players, using a round ball that must not be handled during play except by the goalkeeper （英式）足球.

assonance
[5AsEnEns; 5AsEnEns] n [U] (rhyme that depends on the) similarity between the vowel sounds only or the consonant sounds only of two words or syllables, as in sharper and garter or killed and cold 半谐音（两个词或音节的元音类似或辅音类似, 如sharper 和garter 或killed和 cold）.

assorted
[E'sC:tid; E'sCrtid] adj of different sorts; mixed 各种各样的; 混杂的; 什锦的: * a tin of assorted biscuits 一罐什锦饼乾. 派生： assortment/E'sC:tmEnt; E'sCrtmEnt] n collection of different things or of different types of the same thing; mixture 各类物品或同类各种物品的聚集; 混合物: * a wide assortment of gifts to choose from 各式各样的礼品可供选择 * wearing an odd assortment of clothes 穿着奇装异服.

Asst
(also asst) abbr 缩写 = assistant: Asst Sec 部长助理.

assuage
[E'sweidV; E'swedV] v [Tn] (fml 文) make (sth) less severe; soothe 减轻; 缓和; 平息: * assuage one's hunger, thirst, grief, longing, etc 充饥、 解渴、 减轻悲痛、 抑制欲念.

assume
[E'sju:m; - E'su:m; E'sum] v 1 [Tn, Tf, Tnt] accept (sth) as true before there is proof 假定; 假设; 设想; 以为: * We cannot assume anything in this case. 在这种情形下我们无法作任何揣测. * I am assuming that the present situation is going to continue. 我认为目前的情况将会继续下去. * We must assume him to be innocent until he is proved guilty. 尚未证实他有罪, 就得假定他是清白的. * We can all leave together assuming (that) the others aren't late. 我们大家可以一起走--假定其他人不耽搁的话. 2 [Tn] put on or display (sth) falsely; pretend 装作; 装出; 假装: * assume ignorance, indifference, an air of concern, etc 假装不知情、 装作不在乎、 假意关心等 * The look of innocence she assumed had us all fooled. 她装出清白无辜的样子把我们都愚弄了. 3 [Tn] begin to act in or exercise (sth); undertake; take on 开始从事; 承担; 担任; 呈: * assume office 就职 * He assumes his new responsibilities next month. 他下月承担新任务. * The problem is beginning to assume massive proportions, ie become very great. 问题越来越大了. 派生： assumed adj [attrib 作定语] pretended; false 假装的; 假的: living under an assumed name 使用假名字活着.

assumption
[E'sQmpFn; E'sQmpFEn] n 1 [C] thing accepted as true or as sure to happen, but not proved 假定; 假设; 设想: * The theory is based on a series of wrong assumptions. 这一理论是以一系列错误的设想为根据的. * We are working on the assumption that the rate of inflation will not increase next year. 我们在假定明年通货膨胀率不增加的情况下工作. 2 [U] ~ of sth act of displaying (insincere feelings, etc) 显示出（假情假意等）的行动; 假装: * Their assumption of an air of confidence fooled nobody. 他们装出信心十足的样子却欺骗不了任何人. 3 [C] ~ of sth act of taking on (a position, etc) 承担, 担任（职务等）: * her assumption of supreme power 她掌大权. 4 the Assumption [sing] (a) the taking of the Virgin Mary into Heaven in bodily form 圣母升天. (b) festival on 15 August celebrating this 圣母升天节（8月15日）.

assurance
[E'FC:rEns; - E'FuErEns; E'FurEns] n 1 (also self-assurance) [U] confident belief in one's own abilities and powers 自信; 把握: * act with, display, possess assurance 有把握、 有信心、 胸有成竹 * She shows remarkable assurance on stage for one so young. 她小小年纪, 在台上却泰然自若. 2 [C] statement expressing certainty about sth; promise 保证; 担保: * He gave me an assurance that it would be ready by Friday. 他向我保证星期五一定准备好. * Despite repeated assurances he failed to repay the money he had borrowed. 他尽管再叁保证, 但是借去的钱却始终没还. 3 [U] (esp Brit) insurance, esp on sb's life 保险（尤指人寿）: * a life assurance policy 人寿保险单.

assure
[E'FC:(r); - E'FuEr; E'Fur] v 1 (a) [Dn.f] tell (sb) positively or confidently 明确地或有信心地告诉（某人）; 向（某人）保证: * I assure you they'll be perfectly safe with us. 我向你保证, 他们和我们在一起十分安全. * They were assured that everything possible was being done. 已经向他们保证, 凡是可能做的都做到了. (b) [Tn.pr, Dn.f] ~ sb/oneself (of sth) cause sb/oneself to be sure or feel certain about sth 使某人[自己]对某事物确信不疑或觉得肯定无误: * They tried to assure him of their willingness to work. 他们尽力使他相信他们乐意工作. * She was able to assure herself that nothing had been taken from her purse. 她确信钱包里什麽东西都没被拿走. 2 [Tn] make (sth) certain; ensure 使（某事物）确定; 确保: * Her success as an actress was now assured. 她当演员很成功, 已毋庸置疑了. 3 [Tn] insure (sth), esp against sb's death 给（某事物）保险（尤指寿险）: * What is the sum assured? 人寿保险额是多少? 4 (idm 习语) rest assured => rest1. 派生： assured (also self-assured) adj confident 自信的; 有把握的: His public speaking manner is still not very assured. 他演讲的神态还显出有点缺乏自信. assuredly/E'FC:ridli; - E'FuErEdli; E'Furidli] adv (arch 古) certainly 确定地; 肯定地. the assured n (pl unchanged 复数不变) person who has an assurance policy on his life 已保寿险的人.

AST
[7ei es 'ti:; 7e es 'ti] abbr 缩写 = (in Canada) Atlantic Standard Time （用於加拿大）大西洋标准时间.

astatine
[5AstEti:n; 5AstE7tin] n [U] (chemistry 化) artificial radioactive element 狟（人工放射性元素）. =>App 10 见附录10.

aster
[5AstE(r); 5Astl] n garden plant similar to the daisy with flowers that have a yellow centre and white, pink or purple petals 紫菀（雏菊状园艺植物, 花中央呈黄色, 花瓣为白色、 粉红色或紫色）.

asterisk
[5AstErisk; 5AstE7risk] n star-shaped symbol (*) used in writing and printing to call attention to sth, eg a footnote, or to show that letters are omitted, as in Mr J*n*s for Mr Jones 星号（即 *, 用於书写及印刷中以引起注意, 例如有脚注或有省略的字母, 如以Mr J*n*s代表Mr Jones）. 派生： asterisk v [Tn] mark (a word, phrase, etc) with an asterisk 用星号标出（词语等）: The asterisked questions may be omitted. 带星号的问题可以略去.

astern
[E'stE:n; E'stEn] adv 1 in, at or towards the stern of a ship or the tail of an aircraft 在或向船或飞行器的尾部. 2 (of a ship) backwards （指船）向後: * Full speed astern! 全速後退! 复合： astern of prep behind (another ship) 在（另一船）的後面: They fell astern of us, ie moved into position behind us. 他们落在我们船的後面.

asteroid
[5AstErCid; 5AstE7rCid] n any of many small planets revolving round the sun, esp between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter （尤指火星和木星轨道间运行的）小行星.

asthma
[5AsmE; - 'AzmE; 5AzmE] n [U] chronic chest illness causing wheezing and difficulty in breathing 气喘; 哮喘. 派生： asthmatic/As'mtik; - Az-; Az'mAtik] adj of or suffering from asthma 气喘的; 患气喘病的: * asthmatic pains 气喘疼痛 * an asthmatic child 患气喘病的儿童. n person suffering from asthma 气喘病患者.

astigmatism
[E'stigmEtizEm; E'stigmE7tizEm] n [U] defect in an eye or a lens that prevents correct focusing （眼睛）散光, 乱视; （透镜）像散性, 像散现象. > astigmatic[7Astig'mAtik; 7Astig'mAtik] adj.

astir
[E'stE:(r); E'stE] adv, adj [pred 作表语] 1 in a state of excited movement 处於激动状态: * News of the Queen's visit set the whole town astir. 女王到访的消息轰动全城. 2 (dated 旧) out of bed 起床: * He's never astir before 10 o'clock. 他从不在10点钟以前起床.

astonish
[E'stCniF; E'staniF] v [Tn] surprise (sb) greatly 使（某人）惊讶, 吃惊, 震惊: * The news astonished everyone. 这消息使大家感到惊讶. * It astonishes me that no one has thought of this before. 以前谁也没想到这一点, 使我感到惊讶. * He was astonished to hear he had got the job. 他听到获得了那份工作而感到惊讶. 派生： astonished adj [usu pred 通常作表语] very surprised 感到惊讶; 吃惊: She looked astonished when she heard the news. 她听到那消息显得很吃惊. astonishing adj very surprising 使人惊讶的; 惊人的: I find it quite astonishing that none of you liked the play. 我感到惊讶的是你们谁都不喜欢那个剧. * There were an astonishing number of applicants for the job. 申请这份工作的人数多得惊人. astonishingly adv. astonishment n [U] great surprise 惊讶; 惊奇: Imagine my astonishment when Peter walked in! 你可以想像, 当彼得进来的时候, 我是多麽惊奇. * To my astonishment it had completely disappeared. 使我惊讶的是, 它消失得无影无踪了. * He looked at me in astonishment. 他惊奇地看着我.

astound
[E'staund; E'staund] v [Tn usu passive 通常用 於被动语态] overcome (sb) with surprise or shock; amaze 使震惊; 使大吃一惊; 使惊奇: * We were astounded to read your letter. 我们看了你的信大吃一惊. 派生： astounding adj amazing 使人震惊的: The figures revealed by the report are astounding. 这份报告透露的数字使人震惊.

astrakhan
[7AstrE'kn; - 'AstrEkEn; 5AstrEkEn] n [U] (a) skin of young lambs with tightly-curled wool 阿斯特拉罕羔皮; 俄国羔皮 (b) material imitating this 仿羔皮的织物: * [attrib 作定语] an astrakhan hat 阿斯特拉罕羔皮帽.

astral
[5AstrEl; 5AstrEl] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of or from the stars 星的; 从星球来的: * an astral body 星星 * astral beams 星光.

astray
[E'strei; E'stre] adv 1 away from the right path or direction 歧途; 迷路: * The misleading sign led me astray. 那个标志误人使我迷了路. * (fig 比喻) He had been led astray by undesirable friends. 他被损友引入歧途. 2 (idm 习语) go a`stray become mislaid 误置; 被放错地方: * Have you seen my book? It seems to have gone astray. 你看见我的书了吗? 不知道搁哪儿了.

astride
[E'straid; E'straid] adv 1 with one leg on each side 跨着地; 骑着地: * Ladies ride horses by sitting astride or side-saddle. 女子骑马可以跨骑也可以坐横鞍. 2 with legs wide apart 双腿劈得很大. 派生： astride prep with one leg on each side of (sth) 跨着; 骑着: sitting astride a horse, a gate, sb's knee 骑在马上、 大门上、 某人的膝上.

astringent
[E'strindVEnt; E'strindVEnt] n substance, used medically or in cosmetics, that makes skin or body tissue contract and so stops bleeding 收敛剂; 止血药. 派生： astringent adj 1 of or having the effect of an astringent; styptic 收敛的; 止血的. 2 (fig 比喻) harsh; severe 严厉的; 严酷的: astringent criticism 严厉的批评. astringency/E'strindVEnsi; E'strindVEnsi] n [U].

astro-
comb form 构词成分 of the stars or outer space 星的; 外太空的: astronaut * astrology.

astrolabe
[5AstrEleib; 5AstrE7leb] n (formerly) instrument used for measuring the altitude of the sun, stars, etc 星盘（旧时用以测量太阳、 星星等的高度的仪器）.

astrology
[E'strClEdVi; E'stralEdVi] n [U] study of the positions of the stars and movements of the planets in the belief that they influence human affairs 占星术（对命星位置和行星运行的研究, 认为可影响人类事务）. Cf 参看 horoscope, zodiac. 派生： astrologer[-EdVE(r); -EdVl] n person who is an expert in astrology 占星家. astrological[7AstrE'lCdVikl; 7AstrE'ladVikl] adj.

astronaut
[5AstrEnC:t; 5AstrE7nCt] n person who travels in a spacecraft 宇航员; 航天员; 太空人: * a rocket manned by trained astronauts 载有受过训练的宇航员的火箭. 派生： astronautics[7AstrE'nC:tiks; 7AstrE'nCtiks] n [sing v] science and technology of space travel 航天学; 太空飞行学.

astronomy
[E'strCnEmi; E'stranEmi] n [U] scientific study of the sun, moon, stars, planets, etc 天文学. 派生： astronomer[-nEmE(r); -nEml] n person who studies or is an expert in astronomy 天文学者; 天文学家. astronomical[7AstrE'nCmikl; 7AstrE'namikl] adj 1 of astronomy 天文学的. 2 (infml 口) very large in amount, size, etc 极大的; 庞大的: * He's been offered an astronomical salary. 有人出巨额薪水聘请他.

astrophysics
[7AstrEu'fiziks; 7Astro'fiziks] n [sing v] branch of astronomy dealing with the physics and chemistry of the stars, planets, etc 天体物理学.

astute
[E'stju:t; - E'stu:t; E'stut] adj clever and quick at seeing how to gain an advantage; shrewd 精明的; 机敏的; 狡诈的: * an astute lawyer, businessman, judge of character, etc 干练的律师、 精明的商人、 知人之明 * It was an astute move to sell just before prices went down. 正好在价格下跌前脱手, 真是精明之举. > astutely adv. astuteness n [U].

asunder
[E'sQndE(r); E'sQndl] adv (dated or fml 旧或文) into pieces; apart 碎; 散: * families torn asunder by the revolution 被革命拆散的家庭 * The house was ripped asunder by the explosion. 房子被炸得粉碎.

asylum
[E'sailEm; E'sailEm] n 1 (a) [U] safety; refuge 安全; 庇护: * ask for/be granted political asylum, ie protection given to a political refugee by a foreign country 请求[准予]政治避难（外国给予政治难民的保护）. (b) [C] place of safety or refuge 庇护所; 避难所. 2 [C] (dated 旧) hospital for the care of mentally ill or destitute people 精神病院; 收容所.

asymmetric
[7eisi'metrik; 7esi'metrik] (also asymmetrical[-ikl; -ikl] ) adj not having parts that correspond to each other in size, shape, etc; lacking symmetry 不对称的: * Most people's faces are asymmetrical. 多数人的脸并不对称.

at
home

at1
* At the moment you called I was in the garden shed. 你来电话时我正在花园的小屋里. * at the end of the holiday 假日的终结. (b) (indicating a period of time 指一段时间): * At night you can see the stars. 夜晚可以看到星星. * What are you doing at (US on) the weekend? 你在周末做什麽? * take a few days' holiday at Christmas, Easter, Whitsun, etc 在圣诞节、 复活节、 圣灵降临节等休几天假. (c) (used to indicate the age at which sb does sth 用以指某人做某事时的年龄): * She got married at 55. 她55岁时结婚. * You can retire at 60. 60岁时可以退休. * He left school at (the age of) 16. 他16（岁）时中学毕业. =>Usage at time1 用法见time1. 3 (a) in the direction of or towards (sb/sth) 向或朝（某人[某物]）的方向: * aim the ball at the hole 将球对准那个洞 * direct one's advertising at a wider audience 将宣传面向范围更大的群众 * smile, grin, stare, wave, etc at sb 对着某人微笑、 咧着嘴笑、 凝视、 挥手等 * A man with a gun was shooting at the crowd. 有一持枪男子向人群射击. * The dog rushed at me, wagging its tail. 那狗摇晃着尾巴朝我奔来. * She shouted at me but I couldn't hear. 她冲着我喊叫, 可是我并没听见. * throw stones at the can in the water, ie trying to hit it 用石块向水中的罐扔去（想打中它）. (b) (used to show that sb tries to do sth but does not succeed or complete it 用以表示某人尽力做某事物却未做成或未做完): * clutch at a rope 去抓绳索 * guess at the meaning 猜测意思 * She nibbled at a sandwich, ie ate only tiny portions. 她咬了几口叁明治. 4 (indicating the distance away from sth 指离某事物的距离): * Can you read a car number-plate at fifty metres? 你能在离汽车五十米远处看清车牌号码吗? * hold sth at arm's length 伸直胳膊握住某物. 5 (indicating a state, condition or continuous activity 指某状态、 情形或持续的活动): * at war with their neighbours 与他们的邻国交战

at2
* stand at ease, ie in a relaxed position 稍息（休息的姿势） * put sb at risk 置某人於危险地位 * children at play 玩耍着的儿童 * She's at work in the garden. 她正在花园 里干活儿. 6 (a) (indicating a rate, price, speed, etc 指比率、 价格、 速度等): * House prices are rising at a higher rate than inflation. 房价比通货膨胀上涨的比率高. * I bought this coat at half-price/at 50% discount. 我用半价[5折]买的这件外衣. * driving at 70 mph 以每小时70英里的速度驾驶. (b) (indicating order or frequency 指顺序或频率): * at the first attempt 初次尝试 * at two-minute intervals, ie once every two minutes 每隔两分钟. 7 in response to (sth) 对（某事物）回应: * attend the dinner at the chairman's invitation 应主席之邀赴宴 * at the king's command 奉国王之命. 8 (used with his, her, our, etc and a superlative adj 与 his、 her、 our等及形容词的最高级连用): * This was Torvill and Dean at their best. 这是托维尔和迪安的最佳表现. * The garden's at its most beautiful in June. 花园在六月份最美丽. * an example of British craftsmanship at its finest 英国手工艺的瑰宝. 9 (used after many adjs and ns 用於许多形容词和名词之後): * good, clever, skilled, etc at restoring furniture, etc 善於、 精於、 长於翻修家具等 * hopeless at (playing) chess 对（下）国际象棋不堪造就 * She's a genius at doing crossword puzzles. 她做纵横填字游戏是一绝. * busy at their homework 都在忙着做功课 * impatient at the delay 因耽搁而不耐烦 * amused at the cartoons 对着连环画乐不可支 * delighted at the result 对结果满心欢喜 * puzzled at her silence 对她的缄默大惑不解 * his anger at being beaten 他被击败时的气恼. 10 (idm 习语) ,where it's `at (infml 口) place or activity that is very popular or fashionable 热闹的或时髦的场所或活动: * Judging by the crowds waiting to get in this seems to be where it's at. atavism /// [5AtEvizEm; 5AtE7vizEm] n [U] reappearance in a person of a characteristic or quality that has not been seen in his family for many generations 返祖现象. Cf 参看 throw-back (throw 1). > atavistic[7tE'vistik; 7AtE'vistik] adj: * an atavistic urge 返祖倾向.

ate
pt of eat.

atelier
[E'teliei; - 7Atl'jei; 5Atl7je] n artist's studio or workshop （艺术家的）工作室或制作室.

atheism
[5eiWiizEm; 5eWi7izEm] n [U] belief that there is no God 无神论. 派生： atheist[5eiWiist; 5eWiist] n person who believes that there is no God 无神论者. Cf 参看 heathen, pagan. atheistic[7eiWi'istik; 7eWi'istik] adj.

athlete
[5AWli:t; 5AWlit] n 1 person who trains to compete in physical exercises and sports, esp running and jumping 运动员, 体育家（尤指跑和跳项目）. 2 person who has the strength and skill to perform well at sports 在运动方面有体力和技巧的人; 健儿: * Most first-class footballers are natural athletes. 多数一流的足球运动员都是天生的健将. 复合： ,athlete's `foot (infml 口) fungous disease of the feet 脚癣.

athletic
[AW'letik; AW'letik] adj 1 [attrib 作定语] of athletes or athletics 运动员的; 运动的: * an athletic club 运动员俱乐部 * athletic sports 体育运动. 2 physically strong, healthy and active 体格健壮而活跃的: * an athletic figure 健壮的体格 * She looks very athletic. 她看起来很健美.

athwart
[E'WwC:t; E'WwCrt] adv, prep (esp nautical 尤用於航海) obliquely across (sth); from one side to the other side (of) 横跨着; 横穿过; 从一边到另一边: * The ship was anchored athwart the harbour mouth. 轮船横着停泊在港口里.

atishoo
[E'tiFu:; E'tiFu] interj (indicating the sound made by sb sneezing) 阿嚏（打喷嚏的声音）.

atlas
[5AtlEs; 5AtlEs] n book of maps 地图集; 地图册.

atmosphere
[5AtmEsfiE(r); 5AtmEs7fir] n 1 (a) the atmosphere [sing] the mixture of gases that surrounds the earth 大气, 大气层（包围地球的气体）. (b) [C] mixture of gases that surrounds any planet or star 包围任何星球的气体: * the moon's atmosphere 月球周围的气体 * an atmosphere that supports life 可以维持生命的气体. 2 [sing] air in or around a place 某一地方的空气: * The atmosphere is very stuffy in here can we open a window? 这里的空气很闷--咱们能把窗户打开吗? 3 [sing] feeling in the mind that is created by a group of people or a place; mood 气氛; 情绪: * An atmosphere of tension filled the room. 屋子里笼罩着紧张的气氛. * The atmosphere changed as soon as she walked in. 她一进来气氛就变了. * The atmosphere over dinner was warm and friendly. 用餐时洋溢着热情友好的气氛.

atmospheric
[7AtmEs'ferik; 7AtmEs'ferik] adj 1 of or related to the atmosphere 大气的; 大气层的: * unusual atmospheric conditions 异常的大气状态. 2 creating an atmosphere(3) 制造气氛的: * atmospheric lighting 制造气氛的灯光. 派生： atmospherics n [pl] (a) electrical disturbances in the atmosphere 天电. (b) interference or crackling sounds on radios, etc caused by these 天电干扰（由天电造成的对无线电等的干扰或杂音）. 复合： ,atmospheric `pressure pressure at a point due to the weight of the column of air above it 大气压力.

atoll
[5AtCl; 5Atal] n ring-shaped coral reef enclosing a lagoon 环状珊瑚岛; 环礁.

atom
[5AtEm; 5AtEm] n 1 (a) [C] smallest part of an element that can exist chemically 原子: * Two atoms of hydrogen combine with one atom of oxygen to form a molecule of water. 两个氢原子和一个氧原子结合而形成一个水分子. (b) [sing] this as a source of energy 原子能: * the power of the atom 原子动力 * [attrib 作定语] an atom scientist 原子能专家. 2 [C] very small quantity or thing 极微小的量或事物: * The tower was blown to atoms by the force of the explosion. 爆炸的力量把塔炸得粉碎. * There isn't an atom of truth in the rumour. 谣言中没有丝毫的真实性. 复合： `atom bomb = atomic bomb (atomic).

atomic
[E'tCmik; E'tamik] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of an atom or atoms 原子的: * atomic physics 原子物理学 * atomic warfare, ie using atomic bombs 原子战争（即使用原子弹的）. 复合： a,tomic `bomb (also A-bomb, atom bomb) bomb whose explosive power comes from the rapid release of nuclear energy 原子弹. a,tomic `energy energy obtained as the result of nuclear fission 原子能. a,tomic `number number of protons in the nucleus of an atom 原子序数. a,tomic `pile early type of nuclear reactor 原子反应堆. a,tomic `weight (also relative atomic mass) ratio between the mass of one atom of an element and one-twelfth of the weight of an atom of carbon 12 原子量（某元素的一个原子的质量与十二分之一的碳12原子量的比值）.

atomize, atomise
[5AtEmaiz; 5AtEm7aiz] v [Tn] reduce (sth) to atoms or fine particles 使（某物）分裂成原子或微粒; 使雾化. 派生： atomizer, -iser n device for producing a fine spray from a liquid, eg perfume 喷雾器（如喷香水的器具）.

atonal
[ei'tEunl; e'tonl] adj (music 音) not written in any key or system of scales (scale2 6) 无调的; 不成调的. > atonality[7eitEu'nAlEti; 7eto'nAlEti] n [U].

atone
[E'tEun; E'ton] v [I, Ipr] ~ (for sth) (fml 文) act in a way that compensates for a previous wrong, error, etc 补（过）; 赎（罪）: * atone for a crime, a sin, one's mistakes, one's bad behaviour, etc 抵罪、 赎罪、 弥补过错、 补救不良行为等 * I have treated you unkindly how can I atone (for it)? 我一向待你很刻薄--我怎麽才能赔罪呢? 派生： atonement n 1 [C, U] (fml 文) act of atoning 补偿（过失）; 赔礼; 赔罪; 谢罪: He sent her some flowers in atonement for his earlier rudeness. 他因自己先前的粗鲁而向她献花赔罪. 2 the Atonement [sing] the suffering and death of Christ to atone for the sins of mankind 耶稣为替世人赎罪而承受的苦难及其死亡.

atop
[E'tCp; E'tap] prep (dated or rhet 旧或修辞) at or on the top of (sth) 在...顶上: * a seagull perched atop the mast 停歇在桅杆顶上的海鸥.

atrocious
[E'trEuFEs; E'troFEs] adj 1 very wicked, cruel or shocking 恶毒的; 残忍的; 残暴的: * atrocious crimes, injuries, acts of brutality, etc 残暴的罪行、 伤害、 兽行等. 2 (infml 口) very bad or unpleasant 恶劣的; 讨厌的: * speak English with an atrocious accent 用难听的口音说英语 * Isn't the weather atrocious? 天气真糟透了, 是吧? > atrociously adv. atrociousness n [U].

atrocity
[E'trCsEti; E'trasEti] n (a) [U] great wickedness or cruelty 恶毒; 残忍; 残暴: * I am shocked by the atrocity of this man's crimes. 这个人行凶手段残忍狠毒使我震惊. (b) [C esp pl 尤作复数] very wicked or cruel act 暴行: * Many atrocities are committed on innocent people in wartime. 战争期间无辜百姓横遭蹂躏.

atrophy
[5AtrEfi; 5AtrEfi] n [U] wasting away of the body or part of it through lack of nourishment or use （身体或身体某部因缺乏营养或不常使用而）萎缩: * (fig 比喻) The cultural life of the country will sink into atrophy unless more writers and artists emerge. 除非能多涌现出一些作家和艺术家, 否则这个国家的文化生活将枯萎衰退. 派生： atrophy v (pt, pp -ied) [I, Tn] (cause sth to) suffer atrophy （使某事物）萎缩: atrophied limbs, muscles 萎缩的肢体、 肌肉.

attach
[E'tAtF; E'tAtF] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sth) fasten or join sth (to sth) 将某物系在、 缚在或附在（另一物）上: * a house with a garage attached 带有车房的房子 * attach a label to each piece of luggage 每件行李上都加上标签 * a document attached to a letter (with a pin) 信中（用别针）附一文件 * Attached (ie Attached to this letter) you will find.... 随信附上.... Cf 参看 detach 1. 2 [Tn.pr] (a) ~ oneself to sb/sth join sb/sth as a (sometimes unwelcome or uninvited) companion or member （有时指不受欢迎或未受邀请而）依附某人[参加某事]: * A young man attached himself to me at the party and I couldn't get rid of him. 聚会中有个小青年总缠着我, 我也甩不开他. * I attached myself to a group of tourists entering the museum. 我随着一队游客混入了博物馆. (b) ~ sb to sb/sth (esp passive 尤用於被动语态) assign sb to (a person or group) for special duties 将某人派给（一人或一组织）去执行某任务; 使隶属於: * You'll be attached to this department until the end of the year. 你在年底前将暂属於这一部门. 3 (a) [Tn.pr] ~ sth to sth connect sth with sth; attribute sth to sth 将某事物与另一事物相联系; 将某事物归於另一事物: * Do you attach any importance to what he said? 你认为他说的话重要吗? (b) [Ipr] ~ to sb (fml 文) be connected with or attributable to sb 与某人相关联; 归於某人: * No blame attaches to you in this affair. 这件事不怪你. 4[Tn] (law 律) take or seize (sb or sb's property) by legal authority 逮捕（某人）; 扣押, 查封（某人的财物）. 5 (idm 习语) no strings attached/without strings => string1. 派生： attached adj [pred 作表语] ~ (to sb/sth) full of affection for sb/sth 依恋、 爱慕、 留恋某人[某事物]: I've never seen two people so attached (to each other). 我从没见过两个人（彼此）这样如胶似漆. * We've grown very attached to this house and would hate to move. 我们十分留恋这所房子, 真舍不得搬家.

attach1
attachment n 1 [U] action of attaching; being attached 附着; 附属; 附带: She's on attachment to (ie temporarily working in) the Ministry of Defence. 她暂时隶属於国防部. 2 [C] thing that is or can be attached 附属物; 附件: an electric drill with a range of different attachments 带有各种配件的电钻. 3 [U] ~ (to/for sb/sth) affection; devotion 依恋; 眷恋; 留恋: feel a strong attachment to one's family 十分恋家. 4 [U] (law 律) seizing sb's property, etc with legal authority 扣押或查封某人的财物.

attache
[E'tAFei; - 7AtE'Fei; 7AtE'Fe] n person attached to an ambassador's staff with a particular responsibility 使馆随员; 使馆职员: * the naval/military/air/press attache 海军武官[陆军武官/空军武官/新闻参事]. 复合： at`tache case small rectangular case for carrying documents, etc 公文包.

attack
[E'tAk; E'tAk] n 1 [C, U] ~ (on sb/sth) violent attempt to hurt, overcome or defeat sb/sth 伤害; 攻击; 进攻; 攻打: * make an attack on the enemy, bridge, town 向敌人、 桥梁、 城镇进攻 * the victim of a terrorist attack 恐怖分子攻击的受害者 * Our troops are now on the attack. 我们的部队正在进攻. * The patrol came under attack from all sides. 巡逻队遭到来自四面八方的攻击. * (saying 谚) Attack is the best form of defence. 进攻是最好的防御. 2 [C, U] ~ (on sb/sth) strong criticism in speech or writing 抨击; 非难: * an attack on the Government's policies 对政府政策的抨击. 3 [C] ~ (on sth) vigorous attempt to deal with sth 对某事物奋力着手处理; 动手: * an all-out attack on poverty, unemployment, etc 全力着手解决贫困、 失业等问题. 4 [C] sudden start of an illness, etc （疾病等突然的）侵袭, 发作: * an attack of asthma, flu, malaria, hiccups, nerves, etc 气喘、 流感、 疟疾、 呃逆、 神经质等发作 * a `heart attack 心脏病发作 * (fig 比喻) an attack of the giggles 一阵咯咯的傻笑. 5 [U] (esp vigorous) way of beginning sth （尤指强有力的）开始某事物: * This piece of music needs to be played with more attack. 这段乐曲的开始部分要演奏得更加雄壮有力. 6 [C usu sing 通常作单数] (sport 体) (players who are in the) position of trying to score in a game, eg of football or cricket （在如足球或板球比赛中处於可得分的）进攻位置（的运动员）: * England's attack has been weakened by the injury of certain key players. 英格兰队某些主力运动员受伤而使攻球削弱. * We must move more players into the attack. 我们要多调配运动员到攻球区. 派生： attack v 1 [I, Tn] make an attack on (sb/sth) 攻击; 进攻; 袭击: They decided to attack at night. 他们决定夜晚进攻. * attack a neighbouring country 攻击邻国 * A woman was attacked and robbed by a gang of youths. 有一妇女遭到一群青年的袭击和抢劫.

attack1
2 [Tn] criticize (sb/sth) severely 抨击: a newspaper article attacking the Prime Minister 报纸上抨击首相的文章. 3 [Tn] begin to deal with (sth) vigorously; tackle 奋力着手处理（某事物）; 对付: The Government is making no attempt to attack unemployment. 政府无意解决失业问题. * Shall we attack the washing-up? 咱们动手洗碗碟好吗? * They attacked their meal with gusto. 他们大吃大喝. 4 [Tn] act harmfully on (sth/sb) 侵袭, 腐蚀（某事物[某人]）: a disease that attacks the brain 侵袭大脑的疾病 * Rust attacks metals. 锈能腐蚀金属. attacker n person who attacks 攻击者; 进攻者; 抨击者.

attain
[E'tein; E'ten] v 1 [Tn] succeed in getting (sth); achieve 获得（某事物）; 达到; 实现: * attain a position of power 获得权位 * attain one's goal, objective, ambition, etc 实现目的、 目标、 抱负等 * attain our target of50000 达到我们的50000英镑的目标. 2 [Ipr, Tn] ~ (to) sth (usu fml 通常作文雅语) reach or arrive at sth, esp with effort 达到, 到达某事物（尤指经过努力）: * He attained the age of 25 before marrying. 他年届廿五始完婚. 派生： attainable adj that can be attained 可获得; 可达到的; 可实现的: These objectives are certainly attainable. 这些目标一定可以达到. attainment n 1 [U] success in reaching 达到; 到达: The attainment of her ambitions was still a dream. 她要实现抱负仍是一种梦想. 2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] thing attained, esp skill or knowledge 成就; 造诣: a scholar of the highest attainments 造诣极高的学者.

attar
[5AtE(r); 5Atl] n [U] fragrant oil obtained from flowers 香精: * attar of roses 玫瑰油.

attempt
[E'tempt; E'tempt] v [Tn, Tt] make an effort to accomplish (sth); try (to do sth) 尝试; 努力; 试图: * The prisoners attempted an escape/to escape, but failed. 囚犯企图逃跑, 但是失败了. * Don't attempt the impossible. 不要试图做不可能的事. * He was charged with attempted robbery. 他被控以意图抢劫罪. * All candidates must attempt Questions 1-5. 所有考生均须回答第15题. * They are attempting (to climb) the steepest part of the mountain. 他们努力攀登这座山的最陡的部分. * She will attempt to beat the world record. 她决心要打破世界纪录. 派生： attempt n 1 ~ (to do sth/at doing sth) act of attempting sth 试图; 企图; 尝试: They made no attempt to escape/at escaping. 他们并未图谋逃跑. * My early attempts at learning to drive were unsuccessful. 我曾经几次打算学开车, 却都没有学成. * They failed in all their attempts to climb the mountain. 他们攀登那座山的一切尝试都失败了. 2 ~ (at sth) thing produced by sb trying to do or make sth 试图做某事物而得到的产物: My first attempt at a chocolate cake tasted horrible. 我首次试做的巧克力蛋糕难吃极了. 3 ~ (on sth) effort to improve on or end sth; attack 对改进或结束某事物所做的努力; 攻击; 袭击: the latest attempt on the world land speed record 为创造世界陆上速度纪录所做的最新尝试 * An attempt was made on the Pope's life. 有人策划杀害教皇.

attend
[E'tend; E'tend] v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (to sb/sth) apply one's mind steadily; give careful thought 专心; 仔细考虑: * Why weren't you attending when I explained before? 我以前解释的时候, 你怎麽不注意听呢? * Attend to your work and stop talking. 专心工作, 不要说话. 2 [Ipr] ~ to sb/sth give practical consideration to sb/sth 照顾、 关照某人[某事物]: * A nurse attends to his needs. 有个护士照顾他. * Are you being attended to (eg said by an assistant to a customer in a shop)? 有人接待您吗（如店员问顾客）? * Could you attend to (ie deal with) this matter immediately? 你能不能立刻处理这件事? 3 [Tn] take care of (sb); look after 照看（某人）; 照料; 看护: * Dr Smith attended her in hospital. 史密斯医生在医院中给她治病. 4 [Tn] go regularly to (a place); be present at 照例去（某处）; 出席: * attend school, church, etc 上学、 上教堂等 * They had a quiet wedding only a few friends attended (it). 他们的婚礼静悄悄的--只有几个朋友参加. * The meeting was well attended, ie Many people were there. 有很多人出席会议. 5 [Tn] (fml 文) be with (sb/sth); accompany 伴随（某人[某事物]）; 陪伴: * The Queen was attended by her ladies-in-waiting. 女王由宫廷女侍陪伴. * (fig 比喻) May good fortune attend you! 祝你红运当头! 派生： attender n person who attends (attend 4) 参加者; 出席者: She's a regular attender at evening classes. 她上夜校一贯按时出席.

attendance
[E'tendEns; E'tendEns] n 1 [U, C] action or time of being present 出席; 到场; 参加: * Attendance at evening prayers is not compulsory. 参加晚祷并非硬性规定. * You have missed several attendances this term. 这学期你有几次缺席. 2 [C] number of people present 出席人数: * They're expecting a large attendance at the meeting. 他们希望有很多人出席这次会议. * Attendances have increased since we reduced the price of tickets. 我们降低了票价, 到场的人就多起来了. 3 (idm 习语) dance attendance on sb => dance2. in attendance (on sb) present in order to look after, protect or serve sb 护理; 卫护; 服侍: * A nurse was in constant attendance. 有个护士随时护理. * The President always has six bodyguards in close attendance. 总统有六名警卫员时时刻刻在左右保卫. 复合： at`tendance allowance (Brit) money paid by the state to sb who cares for a severely disabled relative, etc （国家付给因护理严重伤残的亲友的）护理津贴. at`tendance centre (Brit) place where young offenders must go regularly for supervision, as an alternative to being sent to prison 少年教导所.

attendant
[E'tendEnt; E'tendEnt] n 1 person whose job is to provide a service in a public place 服务员; 侍者: * a cloakroom, swimming-pool, museum, etc attendant 衣帽间、 游泳池、 博物馆等处的服务员. 2 (esp pl 尤作复数) servant or companion 随员; 陪侍: * the queen's attendants 女王的侍从. 派生： attendant adj [attrib 作定语] accompanying 伴随的; 陪从的: an attendant nurse 专责护士 * attendant circumstances 附带情况 * famine and its attendant diseases 饥荒及随之而来的疾病.

attention
[E'tenFn; E'tenFEn] n 1 [U] action of applying one's mind to sth/sb or noticing sth/sb 注意; 专心; 留心: * call sb's attention to sth 叫[引起]某人注意某事 * Please pay attention (ie listen carefully) (to what I am saying). 请注意（我说的话）. * She turned her attention to a new problem. 她把注意力转移到一个新问题上. * Our attention was held throughout his long talk. 我们始终专心听着他的长篇大论. * You must give your full attention to what you are doing. 你必须全神贯注地做你所做的事. * I keep trying to attract the waiter's attention. 我不断示意招呼服务员. * It has been brought to my attention (ie I have been informed) that.... 我已获悉.... 2 [U] special care or action; practical consideration 特别的照顾或处理; 实际的考虑: * He gives all his attention to his car. 他十分关心他的汽车. * This letter is for the attention of the manager. 这封信是要经理亲自处理的. * The roof needs attention, ie to be repaired. 屋顶需要修理了. 3 [C usu pl 通常作复数] (fml 文) kind or thoughtful act 厚待; 殷勤: * He showed his concern for his sick mother by his many little attentions. 他对病中的母亲表现了无微不至的关心. 4 [U] soldier's drill position, standing upright with feet together and arms stretched downwards (used esp in the expressions shown) 立正的姿势（尤用於以下示例）: * come to/stand at attention 立正. Cf 参看 ease1 2. 5 (idm 习语) catch sb's attention/eye => catch1. draw attention to sth => draw2. give one's undivided attention; get/have sb's undivided attention => undivided. snap to attention => snap. > attention interj 1 (calling people to listen to an announcement, etc 招唤人们注意听通告等): * Attention, please! The bus will leave in ten minutes. 请注意! 公共汽车十分钟後开. * Attention all shipping, motorists, housewives.... 所有船舶、 机动车驾驶员、 家庭主妇请注意....

attention1
2 (also infml 口语亦作 shun/FQn; FQn] ) (ordering soldiers to come to attention(4) 命令士兵立正.)

attentive
[E'tentiv; E'tentiv] adj ~ (to sb/sth) giving attention (to sb/sth); alert and watchful （对某人[某事物]）注意的; 留心的; 警惕的: * an attentive audience 聚精会神的听众[观众] * A good hostess is always attentive to the needs of her guests. 好客的女主人能随时留心客人的需要. > attentively adv: * listening attentively to the speaker 专心地听着演讲人的话.

attenuate
[E'tenjueit; E'tenju7et] v [Tn] (fml 文) 1 make (sth/sb) thin or slender 使（某事物[某人]）变细或变瘦: * attenuated limbs 枯瘦如柴的四肢. 2 (esp law 尤用於法律) reduce the force or value of (sth); weaken 减弱（某事物）的力量; 降低（某事物）的价值; 弱化: * attenuating circumstances, ie facts that weaken the strength of an argument 情有可原的情形（可使辩论的强度减轻的事实）. > attenuation/E7tenju'eiFn; E7tenju'eFEn] n [U].

attest
[E'test; E'test] v (fml 文) 1 [Ipr, Tn] ~ (to) sth be or give clear proof of sth 作为或提供某事物的明证: * His handling of the crisis attested to his strength of character. 他对危机的处理证明了他性格坚强. * Her outstanding abilities were attested by her rapid promotion. 她杰出的才干已经由她获得迅速提升而得到证明. * These papers attest the fact that.... 这些文件证明了这一事实.... 2 [Tn] declare (sth) to be true or genuine; be a witness to (sth) 声称（某事物）属实或是真的; 作为（某事物）的见证: * attest a signature 对签字作见证. 派生： attestation[7te'steiFn; 7Ates'teFEn] n [U, C]. attested adj (Brit) certified to be free from disease, esp tuberculosis 证明无病的（尤指结核病）: attested cattle/milk 证明无病的牛[不含病菌的奶].

attic
[5Atik; 5Atik] n space or room immediately below the roof of a house 阁楼; 顶楼: * furniture stored in the attic 在阁楼里存放的家具 * [attrib 作定语] an attic bedroom 顶楼卧室. Cf 参看 garret.

attire
[E'taiE(r); E'tair] n [U] (dated or fml 旧或文) clothes; dress 衣服; 服装: * wearing formal attire 穿着礼服. 派生： attire v [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] (dated 旧) dress (sb) 穿着: attired in robes of silk and fur 穿着丝织的和毛皮的长袍.

attitude
[5Atitju:d; - -tu:d; 5AtE7tud] n 1 ~ (to/towards sb/sth) way of thinking or behaving 看法; 态度: * What is your attitude to abortion? 你对堕胎有什麽看法? * She shows a very positive attitude to her work. 她工作态度非常积极. * Don't take that attitude with me, young man! 别用这种态度对我, 小伙子! 2 (fml 文) way of positioning the body 姿势: * The photographer has caught him in the attitude of prayer, eg kneeling. 摄影者捕捉住他祈祷的姿势（如跪着）. 3 (idm 习语) strike an attitude/a pose => strike2. 派生： attitudinize, -ise[7Ati'tju:dinaiz; - -'tu:dEn-;7AtE'tudn7aiz] v [I] speak, write or behave in an affected way in order to impress others （在说话、 书写或行动中）装腔作势.

attn
abbr 缩写 = (commerce 商) (for the) attention of: Publicity Dept, attn Mr C Biggs 宣传部, 送交西．比格兹先生.

attorney
[E'tE:ni; E'tEni] n 1 person appointed to act for another in business or legal matters （业务或法律事务上的）代理人: * power of attorney, ie authority to act as attorney 代理权 * a letter of attorney, ie one giving sb this authority 授权书. 2 (US) lawyer, esp one qualified to act for clients in court 律师（尤指有资格代表当事人出庭者）: * a district attorney, ie the public prosecutor for a particular region 地方检查官. 复合： At,torney-`General n (abbr 缩写 Atty-Gen) (in certain countries) chief legal officer, appointed by the Government （某些国家的）司法部长. Cf 参看 Solicitor-General (solicitor).

attract
[E'trAkt; E'trAkt] v [Tn] 1 pull (sth) towards itself/oneself by unseen force 吸引: * A magnet attracts steel. 磁石能吸钢铁. 2 (a) arouse interest or pleasure in (sb/sth) 引起（某人[某事物]的兴趣或快感; 激发; 引诱: * The light attracted a lot of insects. 亮光招引了很多昆虫. * The dog was attracted by the smell of the meat. 狗受到肉味的引诱. * Babies are attracted to bright colours. 婴儿喜欢鲜艳的颜色. * Do any of these designs attract you? 这些设计中有使你感兴趣的吗? * I'm very attracted to her, ie I feel I would like to become more friendly with her. 我对她产生了好感. (b) arouse (sth); prompt 引起; 激起: * attract sb's attention, interest, etc 引起某人的注意、 兴趣等 * The new play has attracted a good deal of criticism. 这出新剧招致很多批评.

attraction
[E'trAkFn; E'trAkFEn] n 1 [U] action or power of attracting 吸引; 吸引力: * I can't see the attraction of sitting on the beach all day. 我看不出整天坐在沙滩上有什麽意思. * She felt an immediate attraction to him. 她对他一见锺情. * The television has little attraction for me. 电视对我没有什麽吸引力. 2 [C] thing that attracts (attract 2a) 有吸引力的事物: * One of the main attractions of the job is the high salary. 这份工作最吸引人的是薪水高. * City life holds few attractions for me. 城市生活中没有什麽吸引我的东西. Cf 参看 repulsion.

attractive
[E'trAktiv; E'trAktiv] adj having the power to attract(2a); pleasing or interesting 有吸引力的; 诱人的; 使人愉快的; 引起兴趣的: * I don't find him at all attractive. 我觉得他一点儿也不讨人喜欢. * Your proposal sounds very attractive. 你的建议很动听. * goods for sale at attractive prices 价钱低廉诱人的货物. =>Usage at beautiful 用法见 beautiful. > attractively adv: * attractively arranged, displayed, presented, etc 诱人地摆着、 陈列着、 展示着等. attractiveness n [U].

attribute
1[E'tribju:t; E'tribjut] v [Tn.pr] ~ sth to sb/sth regard sth as belonging to, caused by or produced by sb/sth 认为某事物属於某人[某事物]; 认为某事物由某人[某事物]引起或产生: * This play is usually attributed to Shakespeare. 这个剧本通常认为是莎士比亚作的. * She attributes her success to hard work and a bit of luck. 她认为她的成功是由於勤奋加上一点儿运气而得来的. 派生： attributable/E'tribjutEbl; E'tribjutEbl] adj [pred 作表语] ~ to sb/sth that can be attributed to sb/sth 可归属或归因於某人[某事物]: * Is this painting attributable to Michelangelo? 这幅画是米开朗琪罗画的吗? attribution[7Atri5bju:Fn; 7AtrE'bjuFEn] n 1 [U] attributing sth to sb/sth 将某事物归属或归因於某人[某事物]. 2 [C] thing or quality attributed to sb/sth 所归属或归因於某人[某事物]的事物或特性.

attributive
[E'tribjutiv; E'tribjEtiv] adj (grammar) (of adjectives or nouns) used directly before a noun, to describe it （指形容词或名词）定语的. Cf 参看 predicative. > attributively adv.

attrition
[E'triFn; E'triFEn] n [U] 1 process of gradually weakening sb's strength and confidence by continuous harassment (used esp in the expression shown) 消耗, 消损（尤用於以下示例）: * a war of attrition 消耗战. 2 wearing sth away by rubbing; friction 磨损; 摩擦.

attune
[E'tju:n; - E'tu:n; E'tun] v [Tn.pr usu passive 通常用於被动语态] ~ sth/sb to sth bring sth/sb into harmony or agreement with sth; make sth/sb familiar with sth 使某事物[某人]与另一事物调合或一致; 使某事物[某人]熟悉另一事物: * We/Our ears are becoming attuned to the noise of the new factory nearby. 我们[我们的耳朵]逐渐适应了附近新工厂的噪声.

Atty
Gen

atypical
[7ei'tipikl; e'tipikl] adj not representative or characteristic of its type; not typical 不具代表性或同类特性的; 非典型的: * a creature that is atypical of its species 没有其同类特性的生物. > atypically[-kli; -kli] adv.

au fait
[7Eu 'fei; o'fe] adj [pred 作表语] (French 法) ~ (with sth) fully acquainted (with sth) （对某事物）熟悉; 通晓: * It's my first week here so I'm not yet au fait with the system. 我刚来不到一个星期, 对这里的制度还不太熟悉.

au fond
[7Eu 'fCn; 7o'fC] adv (French 法) basically 基本上; 根本地: * The problem is that, au fond, he's very lazy. 问题是他根本就很懒.

au gratin
[7Eu 'grAtn; o'grAtn] adv (French 法) cooked with a crisp coating of breadcrumbs or grated cheese 烤制成带有一层松脆的面包屑或乾酪末: * cauliflower au gratin 脆皮菜花.

au pair
[7Eu 'peE(r); o'per] person (usu from overseas) who receives board and lodging with a family in return for helping with the housework, etc 以帮做家务事等换取食宿（通常为来自海外）的人; 换工: * We've got a German au pair for six months. 我们找到了一个可以干六个月的德国换工. * [attrib 作定语] an au pair girl 做换工的姑娘.

au revoir
[7Eu rE'vwa:(r); 7orEv'war] (French 法) goodbye until we meet again 再见: * Au revoir, see you again next year! 再见, 明年见!

aubergine
[5EubEVi:n; 5obl7Vin] (also esp US egg-plant) n [C, U] (a) large (almost egg-shaped) dark purple fruit, used as a vegetable 茄子（果实）. (b) plant producing this fruit 茄子（植物）.

aubrietia
[C:'bri:FE; C'briFE] n small perennial plant that flowers in spring and is often grown on stone walls, rockeries, etc 紫花荠（矮小的多年生植物, 春季开花, 常生长於石壁、 假山等上面）.

auburn
[5C:bEn; 5Cbln] adj (esp of hair) reddish-brown （尤指毛发）红褐色的.

auction
[5C:kFn, also 'CkFn; 5CkFEn] n 1 [U] method of selling things in which each item is sold to the person who offers the most money for it 拍卖（方式）: * The house is up for auction/will be sold by auction. 这所房子将要拍卖. * It should fetch (ie be sold for) 100000 at auction. 拍卖它可得100000英镑. 2 [C] (also `auction sale) public event when this takes place 拍卖: * attend all the local auctions 参加本地所有的拍卖活动. 派生： auction v 1 [Tn] sell (sth) by auction 拍卖. 2 (phr v) auction sth off sell (esp surplus or unwanted goods) by auction 拍卖掉（尤指剩馀的或多馀的物资）: The Army is auctioning off a lot of old equipment. 军队正在把大量旧装备拍卖掉. auctioneer[7C:kFE'niE(r); 7CkFEn'ir] n person whose job is conducting auctions 拍卖人. 复合： `auction bridge form of bridge2 in which players bid for the right to name trumps 竞叫桥牌（桥牌戏的一种, 谁叫牌最高就由谁定王牌）.

audacious
[C:'deiFEs; C'deFEs] adj 1 showing a willingness to take risks; daring; fearless 有冒险精神的; 大胆的; 无畏的: * an audacious plan, scheme, etc 大胆的计划、 设计等. 2 impudent; recklessly bold 厚颜无耻的; 鲁莽的: * an audacious remark 放肆的话. > audaciously adv. audacity/C:'dAsEti; C'dAsEti] n [U]: * He had the audacity to tell me I was too fat. 他竟然胆敢对我说我太肥胖.

audible
[5C:dEbl; 5CdEbl] adj that can be heard clearly听得见的: * Her voice was scarcely audible above the noise of the wind. 在风声中, 她的声音几乎听不见. > audibility[7C:dE'bilEti; 7CdE'bilEti] n [U]. audibly[-EblI; -EblI/ adv.

audience
[5C:diEns; 5CdiEns] n 1 [CGp] group of people who have gathered together to hear or watch sb/sth 听众; 观众: * The audience was/were enthusiastic on the opening night of the play. 那出戏首次公演之夜观众非常热情. * She has addressed audiences all over the country. 她曾向全国各地的听众演讲. 2 [C] number of people who watch, read or listen to the same thing 看着或听着同一事物的人们: * An audience of millions watched the royal wedding on TV. 数以百万计的人们在电视上观看皇家婚礼. * His book reached an even wider audience when it was filmed for television. 他的书拍成电视以後, 使读者范围扩大到观众了. 3 [C] formal interview with a ruler or an important person 与统治者或要人的正式会见; 觐见; 谒见: * request an audience with the Queen 请求觐见女王 * grant a private audience to a foreign ambassador 准予外国大使私人谒见.

audio
visual

audio frequency
[7C:diEu 'fri:kwEnsi; 7Cdio 'frikwEnsi] (radio) frequency that can be heard when converted into sound waves by a loudspeaker 成音频率; 音频.

audio typist
[5C:diEu taipist; 5Cdio 7taipist] person who listens to a tape recording and types what is heard 录音打字员（听录音打字的人员）.

audio-
comb form 构词成分 of hearing or sound 听觉的; 声音的: audio-visual.

audit
[5C:dit; 5Cdit] n official (usu yearly) examination of accounts to see that they are in order （政府的）审计, 查帐（通常为一年一度的）. 派生： audit v [Tn] examine (accounts, etc) officially 审计, 查核（帐目等）.

audition
[C:'diFn; C'diFEn] n trial hearing of a person who wants to perform as an actor, a singer, a musician, etc （对拟做演员、 歌手、 乐师等人的）试听, 试音: * I'm going to the audition but I don't expect I'll get a part. 我去试音, 可并不指望会给我个角色演出. 派生： audition v 1 [I] take part in an audition 试音: Which part are you auditioning for? 你扮什麽角色试音? 2 [Tn] give an audition to (sb) 试听: None of the actresses we've auditioned is suitable. 我们试听的这些女演员都不合适.

auditor
[5C:ditE(r); 5Cditl] n person who audits accounts 审计员; 查帐人.

auditorium
[7C:di'tC:riEm; 7CdE'tCriEm] n part of a theatre, concert hall, etc in which an audience sits 观众席; 听众席.

auditory
[5C:ditri; - -tC:ri; 5CdE7tCri] adj of or concerned with hearing 听觉的; 关於听觉的: * the auditory nerve 听觉神经.

Aug
abbr 缩写 = August: 31 Aug 1908 1908年8月31日.

auger
[5C:gE(r); 5Cgl] n tool for boring holes in wood, like a gimlet but larger 螺旋钻; 麻花钻.

aught
[C:t; Ct] pron (arch 古) 1 anything 任何事物. 2 (idm 习语) for aught/all sb knows => know.

augment
[C:g'ment; Cg'ment] v [Tn] (fml 文) make (sth) larger in number or size; increase 增多; 增大; 增加: * augment one's income by writing reviews 藉写书评而增加收入. 派生： augmentation[7C:gmen'teiFn; 7Cgmen'teFEn] n (fml 文) 1 [U] action of augmenting or being augmented增多; 增大; 增加. 2 [C] thing that is added to sth 增加物.

augur
[5C:gE(r); 5Cgl] n (in ancient Rome) religious official who foretold future events by watching the behaviour of birds, etc （古罗马教会中观察鸟类等动态而预卜吉凶的）占卜官. 派生： augur v 1 [Tn] be a sign of (sth); foretell 预兆; 预示: Does this augur disaster for our team? 这是否预兆我们队大难临头? 2 (idm 习语) augur well/ill for sb/sth (fml 文) be a good/bad sign for sb/sth in the future 预示某人[某事物]的吉[凶]: The quality of your work augurs well for the examinations next month. 你的功课做得这麽好预示下月准考得好. augury[5C:gjuri; 5CgjEri] n omen; sign 徵兆; 预兆.

august
[C:'gQst; C'gQst] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] inspiring feelings of respect and awe; majestic and imposing 令人敬畏的; 威严的; 堂皇的: * an august body of elder statesmen 德高望重的政界元老们.

Augustan
[C:'gQstEn; C'gQstEn] adj 1 of the reign of Augustus Caesar, when Latin literature flourished （拉丁文学全盛时期的）奥古斯都．恺撒统治时期的. 2 (of any literature) classical(1); stylish （指任何文学）经典的, 典雅的: * The Augustan age of English literature includes the writers Dryden, Swift and Pope. 在英国文学的全盛时期里有德莱顿、 斯威夫特和蒲柏等文豪.

auk
[C:k; Ck] n northern sea-bird with short narrow wings 海雀（北方海鸟, 翅短而窄）.

auld lang syne
[7C:ld lN 'sain; 7Cld lAN 'sain] (Scot 苏格兰) (title of a popular song sung esp at the beginning of each new year and expressing feelings of friendship for the sake of) good times long ago 美好的往日（歌曲名, 尤於新年时及抒发对往日友谊之情时唱的）.

aunt
[a:nt; - Ant; Ant] 1 (a) n sister of one's father or mother; wife of one's uncle 姑母; 姨母; 伯母; 婶母; 舅母: * Aunt Mary is my mother's sister. 玛丽姨母是我母亲的妹妹. =>App 8 见附录8. (b) woman whose brother or sister has a child 身为姑母或姨母的女子. 2 (infml 口) (used by children, usu in front of a first name 儿童用语, 通常用於被称呼者名前, 不与姓同称) unrelated woman friend, esp of one's parents 阿姨, 姑姑（尤指父母的朋友）. 派生： auntie (also aunty)[5a:nti; - 'Anti; 5Anti] n (infml 口) = aunt. 复合： ,Aunt `Sally 1 wooden figure used as a target in a throwing-game at fairs, etc 在游乐场等处用作投掷游戏目标的木偶. 2 (fig 比喻) person or thing that is subjected to general abuse and criticism, often undeserved 广为人指责的人或事物（常为代人受过者）; 替罪羊; 替死鬼: Any public figure risks being made an Aunt Sally by the popular press. 任何知名人士都要冒风险, 会成为通俗刊物的众矢之的.

aura
[5C:rE; 5CrE] n distinctive atmosphere that seems to surround and be caused by a person or thing （发自某人或某物而环绕其周围的）特殊气氛; 氛围: * She always seems to have an aura of happiness about her. 她好像总是喜气洋洋的.

aural
[5C:rEl or, rarely, 罕读作 'aurEl; 5CrEl] adj of or concerning the ear or hearing 耳的或听觉的; 关於耳的或听觉的: * an aural surgeon 耳科外科医师 * aural comprehension tests 听力测验. > aurally adv.

aureola
[C:'riElE; C'riElE] (also aureole[5C:riEul; 5Cri7ol] ) n (pl ~s) 1 = halo. 2 = corona.

auricle
[5C:rikl; 5Crikl] n 1 external part of the ear 耳郭; 耳廓. =>illus at ear 见ear之插图. 2 small pouch in each of the two upper parts of the heart 心房; 心耳. Cf 参看 ventricle 2.

auricular
[C:'rikjulE(r); C'rikjEll] adj of or like the ear 耳的; 耳状的: * an auricular confession, ie one spoken privately into the ear of a priest 秘密忏悔（向神父秘密耳语忏悔）.

auriferous
[C:'rifErEs; C'rifErEs] adj (of rock) yielding gold （指岩石）含金的, 产金的.

aurora
[C:'rC:rE; C'rCrE] n 1 au,rora bore`alis/bC:ri5eilis; 7bCri5elis] (also the northern lights) bands of coloured light, mainly red and green, seen in the sky at night near the North Pole and caused by electrical radiation 北极光（在北极上空夜晚可见由电辐射产生的带状彩色光, 以红绿为主）. 2 au,rora au`stralis/ C5streIlIs; Rs`trelIs/ similar lights seen in the southern hemisphere 南极光（在南半球可见的类似的光）.

auspices
[5C:spisiz; 5Cspisiz] n [pl] (idm 习语) under the auspices of sb/sth helped and supported by sb/sth; having sb/sth as a patron 在某人[某事物]的帮助或支持下; 有某人[某事物]赞助的: * set up a business under the auspices of a government aid scheme 在政府援助计划资助下创办公司. under favourable, etc auspices with favourable, etc prospects 有吉利等的希望: * The committee began its work under unfavourable auspices. 委员会工作伊始即十分不利.

auspicious
[C:'spiFEs; C'spiFEs] adj showing signs of future success; favourable; promising 吉利的; 吉祥的; 有前途的: * I'm pleased that you've made such an auspicious start to the new term. 你新学期开门红使我很高兴.

Aussie
[5Czi; 5Csi] n, adj (infml 口) (native or inhabitant) of Australia 澳大利亚的（土着或居民）.

austere
[C'stiE(r), also C:'stiE(r); C'stir] adj 1 (of a person or his behaviour) severely and strictly moral; having no pleasures or comforts （指人或行为）束身自修的, 苦行的: * monks leading simple, austere lives 过着清苦生活的僧侣. 2 (of a building or place) very simple and plain; without ornament or comfort （指建 物或地方）简 的, 无装饰的, 简陋的: * The room was furnished in austere style. 这间屋子的陈设都很简单 素. 派生： austerely adv. austerity/C'sterEti, also C:'sterEti; C'sterEti] n 1 [U] quality of being austere 简 ; 紧缩: * the austerity of the Government's economic measures 政府经济措施方面的紧缩 * War was followed by many years of austerity. 战争结束後还要过多年的紧日子. 2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] condition, activity or practice that is part of an austere way of life 节衣缩食; 艰苦 素: * Wartime austerities included food rationing and shortage of fuel. 战时的艰苦包括食物配给和燃料短缺.

Australian
[C'streiliEn, also C:'streiliEn; C'streljEn] n, adj (native or inhabitant) of Australia 澳大利亚的（土着或居民）. 复合： ,Australian `Rules Australian game, similar to Rugby and played by two teams of 18 players 澳大利亚规则（澳大利亚式足球运动, 类似橄榄球, 由两队各18人参赛）.

Austro-
comb form 构词成分 Austrian; of Austria 奥地利的: the Austro-Hungarian empire.

aut(o)-
comb form 构词成分 1 of oneself 自己的: autobiography * autograph. 2 by oneself or itself; independent(ly) 靠自己的; 由本身的; 独自的（地）: autocracy * automobile.

authentic
[C:'Wentik; C'Wentik] adj 1 known to be true or genuine 真实的; 真正的: * an authentic document, signature, painting 正式文件、 亲笔签字、 原作绘画. 2 trustworthy; reliable 可信的; 可靠的: * an authentic statement 可靠的陈述. 派生： authentically[-kli; -kli] adv. authenticity[7C:Wen'tisEti; 7CWEn'tisEti] n [U] quality of being authentic 真实性; 可靠性; 确实性: * The authenticity of the manuscript is beyond doubt. 手稿的真实性是毋庸置疑的.

authenticate
[ Rractical experience of sth 对某事物没有实际经验的: armchair critics 空谈的批评家 * an armchair traveller, ie sb who reads or hears about travel but does not travel himself 神游旅行者（只阅读或听说关於旅游的事而不亲身旅行的人） * armchair theatre, eg plays on radio or TV 广播剧（如无线电或电视广播的戏剧）. 5armful[5a:mful; 5arm7ful] Fn; R9WZntI`keFEn/ n [U].

author
[5C:WE(r); 5CWl] n 1 writer of a book, play, etc （书、 剧本等的）着者, 作家: * Dickens is my favourite author. 狄更斯是我最喜爱的作家. 2 person who creates or begins sth, esp a plan or an idea 创造者; 创始者; 发起人: * As the author of the scheme I can't really comment. 我作为这一计划的创始人是不便置评的. 派生： authoress[5C:WEris; 5CWlis] n woman author 女作家. authorship n [U] 1 origin of a book, etc （书等的）来源、 出处、 作者: The authorship of this poem is not known. 这首诗出处不详. 2 state of being an author 作家或创始者的身分.

authoritarian
[C:7WCri5teEriEn; C7WarE'teriEn] adj favouring complete obedience to authority (esp that of the State) before personal freedom 权力主义的（主张绝对服从权威, 尤指政权, 高於个人自由）: * an authoritarian government, regime, doctrine 权力主义的政府、 政体、 教义等 * The school is run on authoritarian lines. 这所学校走的是权力主义路线. 派生： authoritarian n person who believes in complete obedience to authority 权力主义者: My father was a strict authoritarian. 我父亲是绝对的权力主义者. authoritarianism n [U].

authoritative
[C:'WCrEtEtiv; - -teitiv; C'WarE7tetiv] adj 1 having authority; that can be trusted; reliable 有权力的; 有权威的; 可相信的; 可靠的: * information from an authoritative source 来自权威方面的消息. 2 given with authority; official 权威的; 官方的; 当局的: * authoritative instructions, orders, etc 官方的指示、 命令等. 3 showing or seeming to show authority 显示权力的; 好像显示权威的: * an authoritative tone of voice 权威式的口吻. > authoritatively adv.

authority
[C:'WCrEti; C'WarEti] n 1 [U] (a) power to give orders and make others obey 权力; 权威: * The leader must be a person of authority. 领袖必须是有权威的人. * She now has authority over the people she used to take orders from. 她现在有权力支配那些一贯向她发号施令的人. * Who is in authority (ie holds the position of command) now? 现在谁掌权? * I am acting under her authority, ie following her orders. 我受她支配. (b) ~ (to do sth) right to act in a specific way 职权; 权限: * Only the treasurer has authority to sign cheques. 只有司库有权签署支票. * We have the authority to search this building. 我们有权搜查这座建 物. 2 [C often pl 常作复数] person or group having the power to give orders or take action 有权力发号施令的人或团体; 当局; 官方: * He's in the care of the local authority. 他归地方当局管. * The health authorities are investigating the matter. 卫生当局正调查这件事. * I shall have to report this to the authorities. 我得把这事向当局报告. 3 [C] (a) person with special knowledge 具有专门知识的人; 权威: * She's an authority on phonetics. 她是语音学权威. (b) book, etc that can supply reliable information or evidence 可提供可靠资料或证据的书籍等; 权威着作: * What is your authority for that statement? 你的说法出处何在? * Always quote your authorities, ie give the names of books, people, etc used as sources for facts. 引用资料一定要注明出处（即注明书名、 人名等, 用作论据的出处）.

authorize, authorise
[5C:WEraiz; 5CWE7raiz] v 1 [Tn, Dn.t] give authority to (sb) 授权; 委任; 委托: * I have authorized him to act for me while I am away. 我已经委托他当我不在的时候代我处理. 2 [Tn] give authority for (sth); sanction 批准; 认可: * authorize a payment 批准付款 * Has this visit been authorized? 这次访问获准了吗? 派生： authorization, -isation[7C:WErai'zeiFn; - -ri5z-;7CWErE'zeFEn] n 1 [U] action of authorizing 授权; 委任; 委托. 2 ~ (for sth/to do sth) (a) [U] power given to sb to do sth 授予某人做某事的权力. (b) [C] document, etc giving this 授权书; 委任状; 委托书: * May I see your authorization for this? 我可以看看你做这件事的授权书吗? 复合： the ,Authorized `Version (abbr 缩写 AV) the English translation of the Bible first published in 1611 and authorized by King James I for use in churches 钦定英译本（《圣经》的英译本, 首次出版於1611年, 由英王詹姆士一世钦定用於宗教仪式中）.

autism
[5C:tizEm; 5CtizEm] n [U] (psychology 心) serious mental illness, esp of children, in which one becomes unable to communicate or form relationships with others 自向症, 孤独症（严重的精神病, 尤见於儿童, 患者无法与他人交往）. 派生： autistic/C:'tistik; C'tistik] adj (psychology 心) suffering from autism 患自向症的.

auto
suggestion

autobahn
[5C:tEba:n; 5CtE7ban] n motorway in Germany, Austria or Switzerland （德国、 奥地利或瑞士的）高速公路.

autobiography
[7C:tEbai'CgrEfi; 7CtEbai'agrEfi] n 1 [C] story of a person's life written by that person 自传: * She has just written her autobiography. 她刚写完自传. 2 [U] this type of writing 自传写作. 派生： autobiographic[7C:tEbaiE'grAfik; 7CtE7baiE'grAfik] ,autobiographical[-ikl; -ikl] adjs of or concerning autobiography 自传的; 有关自传的: * His novels are largely autobiographical, ie though fictional they describe many of his own experiences. 他的小说大多是自传式的（即虽属虚构, 但却描述许多亲身经历）.

autocracy
[C:'tCkrEsi; C'takrEsi] n (a) [U] government by one person with unlimited power; despotism 独裁政体; 专制政治. (b) [C] country governed in this way 独裁国家; 专制国家.

autocrat
[5C:tEkrAt; 5CtE7krAt] n 1 ruler of an autocracy 独裁者; 专制君主. 2 person who gives orders without consulting others and expects to be obeyed at all times 专横霸道的人. > autocratic[7C:tE'krtik; 7CtE'krAtik] adj. autocratically[-kli; -kli] adv.

autocross
[5C:tEukrCs; 5CtokrCs] n [U] sport of motor-racing across country 汽车越野比赛.

Autocue
[5C:tEukju:; 5Ctokju] n (propr 专利名) device next to the camera from which a person speaking on TV can read the script without having to learn it 自动提示器（电视摄像机旁的一种装置, 电视上的讲话者可从中读出讲稿或台词而不必死记硬背）. Cf 参看 teleprompter.

autograph
[5C:tEgra:f; - -grAf; 5CtE7grAf] n person's signature or handwriting, esp when kept as a souvenir 亲笔签名, 手迹（尤指为留作纪念者）: * I've got lots of famous footballers' autographs. 我有许多着名足球运动员的亲笔签名. * [attrib 作定语] an autograph book/album 签名簿[册]. 派生： autograph v [Tn] write one's name on or in (sth) 在（某物）上签名; 签名於（某物）: an autographed copy 签过名的一份.

automat
[5C:tEmAt; 5CtE7mAt] n (US) restaurant in which customers get their own food from closed compartments by putting coins in slots to open them 自助餐馆（一种饭馆, 顾客在投币孔中投入硬币便可打开食品分隔柜门而自行取出食品）.

automate
[5C:tEmeit; 5CtE7met] v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] cause (sth) to operate by automation 使（某事物）自动操作: * This part of the assembly process is now fully automated. 装配过程的这一部分现在是全自动的.

automatic
[7C:tE'mAtik; 7CtE'mAtik] adj 1 (of a machine) working by itself without direct human control; self-regulating （指机器）自动的; 自动调整的: * an automatic washing-machine 自动洗衣机 * automatic gears, ie in a motor vehicle 自动排挡（机动车辆中的自动变速装置） * an automatic rifle, ie one that continues firing as long as the trigger is pressed 自动步枪（只要一直扣住扳机便可连续射击的步枪）. 2 (of actions) done without thinking, esp from habit or routine; unconscious （指动作）未加思索而做出的（尤指基於习惯或因袭陈规者）; 无意识的: * For most of us breathing is automatic. 我们大多数人的呼吸都是无意识的. 3 following necessarily 必然随之而来的: * A fine for this offence is automatic. 对於这种过失, 罚款是必然的. 派生： automatic n 1 automatic machine or gun or tool 自动的机器或枪炮或工具. 2 car with automatic transmission 自动汽车（有自动变速器的汽车）. automatically[-kli; -kli] adv. 复合： ,automatic `pilot device in an aircraft or a ship to keep it on a set course without human control （飞行器或轮船上的）自动驾驶仪. ,automatic trans`mission system in a motor vehicle that changes the gears automatically 自动变速器（机动车辆中的自动换挡系统）.

automation
[7C:tE'meiFn; 7CtE'meFEn] n [U] use of automatic equipment and machines to do work previously done by people 自动化（用自动设备和机器做以前需要人来做的工作）: * Automation will mean the loss of many jobs in this factory. 自动化将意味着这个工厂要减少许多工作职位.

automaton
[C:'tCmEtEn; - -tCn; C'tamE7tan] n (pl ~s or -ta[-tE; -tE] ) 1 = robot 1. 2 (fig 比喻) person who seems to act mechanically and without thinking 看上去动作呆板而又不动脑筋的人. Cf 参看 robot 2.

automobile
[ 5R:tEmEbi:l; also ,R:tEmE5bi:l; 5RtEmE9bil/ n (esp US) =car1 汽车.

autonomous
[ R:5tCnEmEs; R`tBnEmEs/ adj self-governing; acting independently 自治的; 自主的; 独立的: an alliance of autonomous states 自治州联盟. 派生：autonomy/ R:5tCnEmI; R`tBnEmI/ n [U] self-government; independence 自治; 自主; 独立: Branch managers have full autonomy in their own areas. 分支机构的经理在其管辖范围内有充分的自主权.

autopsy
[ 5R:tCpsI; `RtBpsI/ n examination of a dead body to learn the cause of death; post-mortem (为了解死亡原因而做的) 体剖检; 验 : [attribute 作定语] an autopsy report 检报告 Cf 参看 biopsy.

autostrada
[5C:tEustra:dE; 7Cto'stradE] n (Italian 意) motorway in Italy （意大利的）高速公路.

autumn
[5C:tEm; 5CtEm] (US fall) n [U, C] the third season of the year, coming between summer and winter, ie from September to November in the northern hemisphere 秋, 秋天, 秋季（一年的第叁季, 在北半球为从九月至十一月）: * The leaves turn brown in autumn. 秋天树叶变黄. * in the autumn of 1980 在1980年的秋天 * in (the) early/late autumn 在初[晚]秋 * It's been one of the coldest autumns for years. 这是多年来最冷的秋天. * [attrib 作定语] autumn colours, weather, fashions 秋季的色彩、 天气、 流行式样 * (fig 比喻) in the autumn of (ie the later part of) one's life 在暮年（晚年）. 派生： autumnal/C:'tQmnEl; C'tQmnl] adj [usu pred 通常作表语] of or like autumn 秋天; 像秋天: * The weather in June was positively autumnal. 那六月的天气真像秋天似的.

auxiliary
[C:g'ziliEri; Cg'zilEri] adj giving help or support; additional 帮助的; 辅助的; 附加的; 副的: * auxiliary troops 辅助部队 * an auxiliary nurse 助理护士 * an auxiliary generator in case of power cuts 万一断电时使用的备用发电机. 派生： auxiliary n 1 [C] person or thing that helps 辅助的人或事物; 辅助者: medical auxiliaries 医疗辅助人员[设备]. 2 auxiliaries [pl] additional (esp foreign or allied) troops used by a country at war （尤指战时外国或同盟国的）援军. 3 [C] (also au,xiliary `verb) verb used with main verbs to show tense, mood, etc, and to form questions, eg do and has in Do you know where he has gone? 助动词（与主要动词连用表示时态、 语气等, 也用以构成问句, 如在Do you know where he has gone?句中的do和has）.

AV
[7ei 'vi:; 7e'vi] abbr 缩写 = 1 audio-visual. 2 Authorized Version (of the Bible).

avail
[E'veil; E'vel] v 1 [Tn.pr] ~ oneself of sth (fml 文) make use of sth; take advantage of sth 使用某事物; 利用某事物: * You must avail yourself of every opportunity to speak English. 你要利用一切机会说英语. 2 [I, Ipr] (dated 旧) be of value or help 有价值; 有帮助; 有用: * What can avail against the storm? 用什麽来抵挡风暴? 3 (idm 习语) a,vail sb `nothing (dated 旧) be of no use to sb 对某人无用. 派生： avail n (idm 习语) of little/no a`vail not very/not at all helpful or effective 没有多大[一点儿]帮助、 用处或效果: The advice we got was of no avail. 我们得到的建议完全没用. to little/no a`vail; without a`vail with little/no success 没有什麽成果[没有成果]: The doctors tried everything to keep him alive but to no avail. 医生们曾竭尽全力抢救他的生命, 但却徒劳无功.

available
[E'veilEbl; E'velEbl] adj 1 (of things) that can be used or obtained （指物）可用的或可得到的: * Tickets are available at the box office. 票房有票. * You will be informed when the book becomes available. 这本书有货时就通知你. * This was the only available room. 只剩下那个房间可用了. 2 (of people) free to be seen, talked to, etc （指人）可会见的, 可与之交谈的等: * I'm available in the afternoon. 我下午有空. * The Prime Minister was not available for comment. 首相无暇作出评论. > availability/E7veilE'bilEti; E7velE'bilEti] n [U].

avalanche
[5AvEla:nF; - -lAntF; 5Avl7AntF] n mass of snow, ice and rock that slides rapidly down the side of a mountain 雪崩; 山崩: * Yesterday's avalanche killed a party of skiers and destroyed several trees. 昨天的雪崩造成一批滑雪者死亡, 并毁坏了一些树木. * (fig 比喻) We received an avalanche of letters in reply to our advertisement. 广告登出後, 我们收到雪片般涌来的大批信件.

avant
garde

avarice
[5AvEris; 5AvEris] n [U] (fml 文) greed for wealth or gain 贪婪; 贪心: * Avarice makes rich people want to become even richer. 贪婪使富人想要更富. > avaricious[7AvE'riFEs; 7AvE'riFEs] adj. avariciously adv.

avdp
abbr 缩写 = avoirdupois.

Ave
abbr 缩写 = Avenue: 5 St George's Ave 圣乔治大街5号.

avenge
[E'vendV; E'vendV] v 1 [Tn] take or get revenge for (a wrong done to sb/oneself) 为（某人[自己]的冤屈）报仇, 伸冤, 雪耻: * She avenged her father's murder. 她为其父被谋杀而复了仇. 2 [Tn.pr] ~ oneself on sb/sth take or get revenge on sb/sth for such a wrong 向某人[某事物]报仇、 报复: * She avenged herself on her father's killers. 她向杀父之人报了仇. > avenger n.

avenue
[5AvEnju:; - -nu:; 5AvE7nu] n 1 wide road or path, often lined with trees, esp one that leads to a large house （常为两旁有树的）大道, 林荫道（尤指通往一宅门者）. 2 (abbr 缩写 Ave) wide street lined with trees or tall buildings （两旁有树木或高楼的）大街. =>Usage at road 用法见road. 3 way of approaching or making progress towards sth 途径; 手段: * an avenue to success, fame, etc 成功、 成名等之路 * Several avenues are open to us. 我们面前有几条可行之路. * We have explored every avenue. 我们已经探索过了各种途径.

aver
[E'vE:(r); E'vE] v (-rr-) [Tn, Tf] (fml 文) state (sth) firmly and positively; assert 断言; 主张; 坚称.

average
[5AvEridV; 5AvEridV] n 1 [C] result of adding several amounts together and dividing the total by the number of amounts 平均; 平均数: * The average of 4, 5 and 9 is 6. 4、5、9叁个数的平均数是6. 2 [U] standard or level regarded as usual 一般水平; 平均水准: * These marks are well above/below average. 这些分数远在一般水平以上[以下]. 3 (idm 习语) the law of averages => law. on (the) `average taking account of use, performance, etc over a period 按平均数计算: * We fail one student per year on average. 我们平均每年有一个学生不及格. 派生： average adj 1 [attrib 作定语] found by calculating the average 平均的: The average age of the students is 19. 学生的平均年龄是19岁. * The average temperature in Oxford last month was 18C. 牛津上月的平均气温是18C. 2 of the ordinary or usual standard 一般标准的; 普通的; 平常的: children of average intelligence 智力一般的儿童 * Rainfall is about average for the time of year. 对一年中的这个时候来说, 降雨量还算普通. average v 1 [I, Tn] find the average of (sth) 求（某事物）的平均数; 平均: I've done some averaging to reach these figures. 我平均以後得出这些数. 2 [Tn no passive 不用於被动语态] do or amount to (sth) as an average measure or rate 平均值为; 平均为: This car averages 40 miles to the gallon. 这辆汽车平均每加仑可行40英里. * The rainfall averages 36 inches a year. 年降雨量平均为36英寸. 3 (phr v) average `out (at sth) result in an average (of sth) 达到（某事物的）平均数; 以（某事物）的平均数为结果: Meals average out at 5 per head. 膳食平均每人5英镑. * Sometimes I pay, sometimes he pays it seems to average out (ie result in a fair balance) in the end. 有时我付钱, 有时他付钱--到头来似乎两相抵销. average sth out (at sth) calculate the average of sth 算出某事物的平均数: The tax authorities averaged his profit out at 3000 a year over 5 years. 税务局算出他5年的平均利润为每年3000英镑.

averse
[E'vE:s; E'vEs] adj [pred 作表语] ~ to sth (fml or rhet 文或修辞) not liking sth; opposed to sth 不喜欢某事物; 反对某事物: * He seems to be averse to hard work. 看来他不愿做艰苦的工作. * I'm not averse to a drop of whisky after dinner. 我倒不反对饭後喝点儿威士忌.

aversion
[E'vE:Fn; - E'vE:rVn; E'vEVEn] n 1 [C, U] ~ (to sb/sth) strong dislike 厌恶; 嫌恶: * I've always had an aversion to getting up early. 我从来就厌恶早起. * He took an immediate aversion to his new boss. 他对新老板一见就反感. 2 [C] thing that is disliked 讨厌的事物: * Smoking is one of my pet (ie particular, personal) aversions. 吸烟是我特别讨厌的事.

avert
[E'vE:t; E'vEt] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) turn sth away 将（某事物）移开: * avert one's eyes/gaze/glance from the terrible sight 转移目光, 不看那可怕的情景. 2 [Tn] prevent (sth); avoid 防止（某事物）; 避免: * avert an accident, a crisis, a disaster, etc by prompt action 迅速采取行动以避免事故、 危险、 灾祸等 * He managed to avert suspicion. 他设法避嫌.

aviary
[5eiviEri; - -vieri; 5evi7eri] n large cage or building for keeping birds in, eg in a zoo 大鸟笼, 鸟舍（如动物园中者）.

aviation
[7eivi'EiFn; 7evi'eFEn] n [U] 1 science or practice of flying aircraft 航空学; 航空. 2 design and manufacture of aircraft 飞行器的设计与制造: * [attrib 作定语] the aviation business/industry 飞机制造业. 派生： aviator[5eivieitE(r); 5evi7etl] n (dated 旧) person who flies an aircraft as the pilot or one of the crew 飞行器驾驶员; 空勤人员.

avid
[5Avid; 5Avid] adj ~ (for sth) eager; greedy 渴望的; 贪婪的: * an avid collector of old coins 对旧钱币求之若渴的收藏家 * avid for news of her son 渴望得到她儿子的消息. 派生： avidity/E'vidEti; E'vidEti] n [U] (fml 文) eagerness 热望; 贪婪. avidly adv: She reads avidly. 她如饥似渴地读书.

avionics
[7eivi'Cniks; 7evi'aniks] n [sing v] science of electronics applied to aviation 航空电子学.

avocado
[7AvE'ka:dEu; 7AvE'kado] n (pl ~s) pear-shaped tropical fruit α梨（一种梨形的热带水果, 又名油梨）.

avoid
[E'vCid; E'vCid] v 1 [Tn, Tg] (a) keep oneself away from (sb/sth) 避开, 躲避（某人[某事物]）: * avoid (driving in) the centre of town 避开市中心（行驶） * I think he's avoiding me. 我觉得他躲着我. (b) stop (sth) happening; prevent 防止发生（某事物）; 预防: * Try to avoid accidents. 尽量防止发生事故. * I just avoided running over the cat. 我差一点儿轧着猫. 2 (idm 习语) avoid sb/sth like the `plague (infml 口) try very hard not to meet sb/sth 极力回避, 尽量躲开某人[某事物]: * He's been avoiding me like the plague since our quarrel. 我们吵架以後, 他一直如避蛇 似的躲着我. 派生： avoidable adj that can be avoided 可避免的. avoidance n [U] act of avoiding 回避; 躲避: tax avoidance, ie managing to pay the minimum amount of tax required by law 逃税.

avoirdupois
[7AvEdE'pCiz; 7AvldE'pCiz] n [U] (abbr 缩写 avdp) non-metric system of weights based on the pound, equal to 16 ounces or 7000 grains 常衡（非公制的衡制, 基於1磅等於16盎司或7000谷）. =>App 5 见附录5.

avow
[E'vau; E'vau] v [Tn, Cn.n, Cn.t] (fml 文) declare (sth) openly; admit 公开宣称（某事物）; 承认: * avow one's belief, faith, conviction, etc 公开表示相信、 信仰、 服理等 * avow oneself (to be) a socialist 公开宣布自己是社会主义者 * The avowed aim of this Government is to reduce taxation. 这届政府所宣称的目标是减少税收. 派生： avowal n (fml 文) (a) [U] open declaration 公开宣称; 公开表示. (b) [C] instance of this 公开宣称; 公开表示: make an avowal of his love 公开表示他的爱情. avowedly/E'vauidli; E'vauidli] adv (fml 文) admittedly; openly 公开承认地; 公开地: * avowedly responsible for an error 公开承认错误.

avuncular
[E'vQNkjulE(r); E'vQNkjEll] adj (fml 文) of or like an uncle, esp in manner 叔伯的, 像叔伯的（尤指举止态度）: * He adopts an avuncular tone of voice when giving advice to junior colleagues. 他用长辈的口气劝告年轻的同事.

AWACS
[5eiwAks; 5ewAks] abbr 缩写 = airborne warning and control system 机载警报和控制系统: * planes fitted with AWACS 装有机载警报和控制系统的 飞机.

await
[E'weit; E'wet] v [Tn] (fml 文) 1 (of a person) wait for (sb/sth) （指人）等候, 等待（某人[某事物]）: * awaiting instructions, results, a reply 等候指示、 结果、 答覆. 2 be ready or waiting for (sb/sth) 准备以待, 期待（某人[某事物]）: * A warm welcome awaits all our customers. 对我们所有的顾客准备好了热烈的欢迎. * A surprise awaited us on our arrival. 我们到达的时候, 等待着我们的是一件出乎意料的事.

awake
1[E'weik; E'wek] v (pt awoke/E'wEuk; E'wok] , pp awoken/E'wEukEn; E'wokEn] ) [I, Tn] 1 (cause a person or an animal to) stop sleeping; wake （使人或动物）醒; 弄醒: * She awoke when the nurse entered the room. 护士进屋的时候, 她就醒了. * He awoke the sleeping child. 他把那个睡着的孩子弄醒了. 2 (fig 比喻) (cause sth to) become active （使某事物）活动; 引起; 激起: * The letter awoke old fears. 那封信又勾起了往日的恐惧. 3 (phr v) awake to sth become aware of sth; realize sth 对某事物觉醒、 觉悟、 醒悟; 觉察到、 领悟到、 意识到某事物: * awake to the dangers, the opportunities, one's surroundings 觉察到有危险、 有机会、 意识到自己所处的环境.

awaken
[E'weikEn; E'wekEn] v 1 [I, Tn] (cause a person or an animal to) stop sleeping; waken （使人或动物）醒; 弄醒; 醒来; 醒着: * We awakened to find the others had gone. 我们醒来发觉其他人已经走了. * I was awakened by the sound of church bells. 我被教堂的钟声吵醒. * (fig 比喻) They were making enough noise to awaken the dead. 他们发出的声音大得能把死人吵醒. 2 [Tn] cause (sth) to become active 使（某事物）活动, 活跃; 引起; 激起: * Her story awakened our interest. 她说的事引起了我们的兴趣. 3 (phr v) awaken sb to sth cause sb to become aware of sth 使某人意识到某事; 唤醒某人警惕某事: * awaken society to the dangers of drugs 唤醒社会警惕毒品的危害. 派生： awakening/E'weikniN; E'wekEniN] n [sing] act of realizing 觉醒; 醒悟: * The discovery that her husband was unfaithful to her was a rude (ie shocking) awakening. 她发觉丈夫对自己不忠而猛醒.

award
[E'wC:d; E'wCrd] v [Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) make an official decision to give sth to sb as a prize, as payment or as a punishment 颁发; 授予; 给与; 判定: * The judges awarded both finalists equal points. 裁判员判定决赛双方分数相同. * The court awarded (him) damages of 50000. 法庭判给（他）50000英镑损害赔偿费. * She was awarded a medal for bravery. 她因勇敢而获得奖章. 派生： award n 1 [U] decision to give sth, made by a judge, etc 裁定; 决定: the award of a scholarship 奖学金颁发决定. 2 [C] thing or amount awarded 奖品; 奖状; 奖金: She showed us the athletics awards she had won. 她给我们看她赢得的体育运动奖. * [attrib 作定语] an award presentation/ceremony 奖品的颁发[颁奖仪式]. 3 [C] (Brit) money paid to a student at university, etc to help meet living costs; grant 助学金: Mary is not eligible for an award. 玛丽没有申请助学金的资格.

aware
[E'weE(r); E'wer] adj 1 [pred 作表语] ~ of sb/sth; ~ that... having knowledge or realization of sb/sth 对某人[某事物]知道、 明白、 觉察到、 意识到: * aware of the risk, danger, threat, etc 觉察到风险、 危险、 威胁等 * Are you aware of the time? 你知道是什麽时候了吗? * It happened without my being aware of it. 事情在我不知不觉中发生了. * I'm (well) aware that very few jobs are available. 我（很）清楚工作职位非常少. * She became aware that something was burning. 她发觉有东西烧着了. * I don't think you're aware (of) how much this means to me. 我想你还不知道这对我多麽重要. 2 well-informed; interested, esp in current events 见闻广博的, 感兴趣的（尤指对时事）: * She's always been a politically aware person. 她一直非常关心政治. > awareness n [U].

awash
[E'wCF; E'waF] adj [pred 作表语] covered or flooded with sea water, being at or near the level of the waves （因与海浪高度相当而）被海水漫过的或淹没: * These rocks are awash at high tide. 这些礁石在涨潮时被海水淹没. * The ship's deck was awash in the storm. 在暴风中轮船的甲板被海水漫过. * (fig 比喻) The sink had overflowed and the kitchen floor was awash. 洗涤槽的水溢出来了, 厨房里满地都是水.

away
[E'wei; E'we] adv part (For special uses with vs, see the v entries. 与动词搭配的特殊用法见有关动词词条.) 1 ~ (from sb/sth) to or at a distance in space or time (from sb/sth) （在空间或时间上）向或在离（某人[某事物]）某距离处: * The sea is 2 miles away from the hotel. 大海距旅馆2英里. * The shops are a few minutes' walk away. 商店离此有几分钟的步行路程. * Christmas is only a week away. 圣诞节只有一个星期就到了. * They're away on holiday for 2 weeks. 他们外出度假两星期. * Don't go away. 不要走开. * Have you cleared away your books from the table? 你把你的书都从桌上拿开了吗? * The bright light made her look away. 这光太强, s:tfElI;`BrtfElI/ adv. artfulness n [U]. Cf 参看 artless.

awe
[C:; C] n [U] feeling of respect combined with fear or wonder 敬畏; 惊惧: * Her first view of the pyramids filled her with awe. 她初见金字塔时, 敬畏之感油然而生. * I was/lived in awe of my father until I was at least fifteen. 我至少在十五岁以前一直惧怕父亲. * My brother was much older and cleverer than me so I always held him in awe. 我哥哥比我大得多也比我聪明得多, 所以我始终对他怀有敬畏之心. 派生： awe v [usu passive 通常用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (into sth) fill sb with awe 使某人敬畏或惊惧: awed by the solemnity of the occasion 那场合严肃得怕人 * They were awed into silence by the sternness of her voice. 她严厉的声音把他们吓得鸦雀无声了. awesome[-sEm; -sEm] adj causing awe 使人敬畏的; 使人惊惧的: * His strength was awesome. 他的力量大得怕人. 复合： `awe-inspiring adj causing awe 使人敬畏的; 使人惊惧的: an awe-inspiring sight 使人望而生畏的情景. `awestricken, `awestruck adjs suddenly filled with awe 顿生敬畏的; 惊惧的.

aweigh
[E'wei; E'we] adv (nautical 海) (of an anchor) hanging just above the bottom of the sea （指锚）在刚离海底处悬着: * Anchors aweigh! 起锚喽!

awful
[5C:fl; 5Cfl] adj 1 extremely bad or unpleasant; terrible 极坏的; 极讨厌的; 可怕的: * an awful accident, experience, shock, etc 可怕的事故、 经历、 打击等 * The plight of starving people is too awful to think about. 饥民的苦境糟得不敢去想. 2 (infml 口) very bad; dreadful 很坏的; 糟透的: * What awful weather! 多麽坏的天气! * I feel awful. 我觉得难受极了. * It's an awful nuisance? 讨厌透了! * The film was awful. 那个电影糟透了. 3 [attrib 作定语] (infml 口) very great 极度的: * That's an awful lot of money. 那是很多很多钱哪. * I'm in an awful hurry to get to the bank. 我正急着去银行. 派生： awfully[5C:fli; 5Cfli] adv (infml 口) very; very much 很; 非常: * awfully hot 热极了 * awfully sorry 非常抱歉 * It's awfully kind of you. 多谢、 多谢. * I'm afraid I'm awfully late. 我实在太迟了. * Thanks awfully for the present. 万分感谢您的厚礼.

awhile
[E'wail; - E'hwail; E'hwail] adv for a short time 一会儿; 片刻; 暂时: * Stay awhile. 呆一会儿. * We won't be leaving yet awhile, ie not for a short time. 我们暂时还不走.

awkward
[5C:kwEd; 5Ckwld] adj 1 badly designed; difficult to use 设计不当的; 使用不便的; 别扭的: * The handle of this teapot has an awkward shape. 这茶壶把儿的形状真别扭. * It's an awkward door you have to bend down to go through it. 这扇门很不方便--得弯着腰才能过去. 2 causing difficulty, embarrassment or inconvenience 造成困难、 尴尬或不便的: * an awkward series of bends in the road 路上一连串难走的弯 * You've put me in a very awkward position. 你把我弄得很狼狈. * Please arrange the next meeting at a less awkward time. 请把下次会议时间安排得方便些. * It's very awkward of you not to play for the team tomorrow. 你明天不为本队参加比赛可太不像话了. * Stop being so awkward! 别这麽别别扭扭的! 3 lacking skill or grace; clumsy 无技巧的; 不熟练的; 不灵活的; 笨拙的: * Swans are surprisingly awkward on land. 天鹅在陆地上笨得出奇. * I was always an awkward dancer. 我跳舞一向是笨手笨脚的. 4 embarrassed 尴尬的; 难为情的; 不好意思的; 狼狈的: * I realized they wanted to be alone together so I felt very awkward. 我意识到了他们想要单独在一起, 所以觉得很尴尬. 5 (idm 习语) the `awkward age period of adolescence when young people lack confidence and have difficulty preparing for adult life 尴尬年龄（青春期的一段时期, 青少年在此期间缺乏自信心, 难以适应成人生活）. an ,awkward `customer person or animal that is difficult or dangerous to deal with 难对付的家伙（难以应付的或危险的人或动物）. > awkwardly adv. awkwardness n [U].

awl
[C:l; Cl] n small pointed tool for making holes, esp in leather or wood 锥子.

awning
[5C:niN; 5CniN] n canvas or plastic sheet fixed to a wall above a door or window and stretched out as a protection against rain or sun 遮篷（固定於外墙门窗上方向外伸延的帆布或塑料篷, 作防雨或遮阳用）.

awoke
pt of awake.

AWOL
[5eiwCl; 5ewCl] abbr 缩写 = absent without leave 擅离职守; 开小差.

awry
[E'rai; E'rai] adv 1 crookedly; out of position; askew 曲; 歪; 斜. 2 wrongly; amiss 出错; 失误: * Our plans went awry. 我们的计划出岔子了. 派生： awry adj [pred 作表语] crooked 扭曲; 歪; 斜: Her clothes were all awry. 她的衣服全都歪歪扭扭的.

axe
(also esp US ax)[Aks; Aks] n 1 tool with a handle and a heavy metal blade used for chopping wood, cutting down trees, etc 斧; 斧子: * (fig 比喻) apply the axe to (ie drastically reduce) local government spending 大刀阔斧削减地方政府的开支. =>illus 见插图. 2 (idm 习语) get the `axe (infml 口) be removed or dismissed, esp from a job 被解雇; 被开除: * A lot of people in shipbuilding will get the axe. 造船业的很多人将被解雇. ,have an `axe to grind have private reasons for being involved in sth 有私心; 有个人打算; 另有企图: * She's only doing it out of kindness she's got no particular axe to grind. 她只是出於好心--倒不是别有用心. 派生： axe (also esp US ax) v [Tn] 1 remove (sb/sth) or dismiss (sb) 削除（某人[某事物]）; 解雇; 开除（某人）: He/His job has been axed. 他[他的工作]已经裁减掉了. 2 greatly reduce (costs, services, etc) 大刀阔斧地削减（成本）, 精简（机构等）: School grants are to be axed next year. 学校补助金明年将大大削减.

axiom
[5AksiEm; 5AksiEm] n statement that is accepted as true without further proof or argument 公理. 派生： axiomatic[7AksiE'mtik; 7AksiE'mAtik] adj of or like an axiom; clear and evident without needing to be proved 公理的; 像公理的; 无需证明就清楚明白的: * It is axiomatic (to say) that a whole is greater than any of its parts. 整体大於其任何一部分是公理.

axis
[5Aksis; 5Aksis] n (pl axes / 5Aksi:z `Aksiz/) 1 [C] imaginary line through the centre of a rotating object 轴（穿过旋转物体中心的假想的线）: * The earth's axis is the line between the North and South Poles. 地轴是南北极之间的线. =>illus at globe 见globe之插图. 2 [C] line that divides a regular figure into two symmetrical parts 轴线（将一匀称的图形分成两个对称部分的线）: * The axis of a circle is its diameter. 圆的轴线是其直径. 3 [C] fixed reference line for measurement, eg on a graph （为量度用的）固定参照线: * the horizontal and vertical axes 横竖坐标轴. 4 [C] agreement or alliance between two or more countries 轴心（国与国之间的协定或联盟）. 5 the Axis [sing] the alliance of Germany, Italy and Japan in World War II 轴心国（第二次世界大战中德、 意、 日叁国的联盟）.

axle
[5Aksl; 5Aksl] n 1 rod on which or with which a wheel turns 轮轴. 2 rod that connects a pair of wheels on a vehicle 车轴: * The back axle is broken. 後车轴断了. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xii.

ayatollah
[7aiE'tClE; 7aiE'talE] n senior Muslim religious leader in Iran 伊朗穆斯林宗教领袖.

aye
(also ay)[ai; ai] interj (arch or dialect 古或方) yes 是; 对: * ,Aye, `aye, sir! eg in reply to an order by a naval officer 是, 长官! （如回答海军军官的命令）. 派生： aye (also ay) n 1 (usu pl 通常作复数) vote in support of a motion at a meeting （会议中支持某动议的）赞成票. 2 (idm 习语) the ayes `have it more people have voted for the motion than against it 赞成者占多数.

azalea
[E'zeiliE; E'zeljE] n flowering shrub of the rhododendron family 杜鹃花.

azimuth
[5AzimEW; 5AzEmEW] n 1 (astronomy 天) arc of the sky from the zenith to the horizon 地平经度（从天顶到地平圈在天空的弧度）. 2 (in surveying) angle between this arc and the meridian （测量中）方位角（此弧与子午圈之间的夹角）.

azure
[5AVE(r), also 'AzjuE(r); 5AVl] n [U], adj bright blue, as of the sky 天蓝色（的）; 浅蓝色（的）; 蔚蓝色（的）: * a lake reflecting the azure of the sky 反射着蔚蓝色天空的湖面 * a dress of azure silk 天蓝色的丝绸连衣裙.

B Ed
[7bi: 'ed; 7bi 'ed] abbr 缩写 = Bachelor of Education 教育学士: * have/be a B Ed 有教育学士学位[为教育学士] * Dilip Patel B Ed 迪利普．帕特尔教育学士.

B Eng
[7bi:'endV; 7bi'endV] abbr 缩写 = Bachelor of Engineering 工学士: * have/be a B Eng 有工学士学位[为工学士] * Greg James B Eng 工学士格雷格．詹姆斯.

B Litt
[7bi: 'lit; 7bi 'lit] abbr 缩写 = Bachelor of Letters 文学士: * have/be a B Litt in English 有英国文学士学位[为英国文学士] * Sue Hill B Litt 休．希尔文学士.

B Mus
[7bi: 'mQs; 7bi 'mQs] abbr 缩写 = Bachelor of Music 音乐学士: * have/be a B Mus 有音乐学士学位[为音乐学士] * John Scott B Mus 约翰．斯科特音乐学士.

B Phil
[7bi: 'fil; 7bi 'fil] abbr 缩写 = Bachelor of Philosophy 哲学学士: * have/be a B Phil 有哲学学士学位[为哲学学士] * Jill Green B Phil 哲学学士吉尔．格林.

B, b
[bi:; bi] n (pl B's, b's/bi:z; biz] ) 1 the second letter of the English alphabet 英语字母表的第二个字母: * There are three b's in bubble. 在bubble这个字中有叁个b.2 (music 音) the seventh note in the scale of C majorC大调音阶中的第七音或音符. 3 academic mark of second highest standard 学业成绩达次高标准的评价符号: * get (a) B/`B' in English 英语（学科）得B. 复合： `B-road n (in Britain) less important road than a motorway or an A-road, often narrow and winding （英国）B级公路（重要性次於高速公路或A级公路, 常较狭窄而曲折）.

BA
[7bi: 'ei; 7bi 'e] abbr 缩写 = 1 (US AB) Bachelor of Arts 文学士: * have/be a BA in history 有历史学学士学位[为历史学学士] * Jim Fox BA (Hons) 吉姆．福克斯（荣誉）文学士. 2 British Airways 英国航空公司: * flight BA430 to Rome 乘英航430号班机飞往罗马.

baa
[ba:; ba] n cry of a sheep or lamb 咩（羊叫声）. 派生： baa v (pres p baaing, pt baaed or baa'd/ba:d; bad] ) [I] make this cry; bleat 发咩声; （羊或小牛）叫.

babble
[5bAbl; 5bAbl] v 1 [I, Ipr, Ip] (a) talk in a way that is difficult or impossible to understand 含糊不清地说; 作咿呀声: * Stop babbling and speak more slowly. 别老是咿咿呀呀的, 说慢点儿. * tourists babbling (away) in a foreign language 叽哩咕噜地说着外国话的游客. (b) chatter in a thoughtless or confused way 唠唠叨叨; 喋喋不休; 信口胡说; 胡言乱语: * What is he babbling (on) about? 他在唠叨什麽? 2 [I] (of streams, etc) make a continuous murmuring sound （指流水等）作潺潺声: * a babbling brook 潺潺的小溪. 派生： babble n [U] 1 (a) talk that is difficult or impossible to understand 含糊不清的话: hear the babble of many voices 听见许多人在唧唧喳喳地说话. (b) foolish talk 蠢话; 胡话. 2 gentle sound of water flowing over stones, etc （流水经过石子等的）潺潺声. babbler[5bAblE(r); 5bAbll] n person who babbles 说话含糊不清的人; 唠唠叨叨的人.

babe
[beib; beb] n 1 (arch 古) baby 婴儿. 2 (US sl 俚) young woman 姑娘; 少女; 妞儿. 3 (idm 习语) a ,babe in `arms (a) very young baby not able to walk or crawl 襁褓中的婴儿. (b) innocent or helpless person 单纯的或不能自助的人. out of the mouths of babes and sucklings => mouth1.

babel
[5beibl; 5bebl] n [sing] scene of noisy talking and confusion 人声嘈杂、 乱糟糟的场面: * a babel of voices in the busy market 繁忙的市场上嘈杂的声音.

baboon
[bE'bu:n; - bA-; bA'bun] n large African or Arabian monkey with a dog-like face 狒狒. =>illus at monkey 见monkey之插图.

baby
[5beibi; 5bebi] n 1 (a) very young child or animal 婴儿; 幼小的动物: * Both mother and baby are doing well. 母子均平安. * [attrib 作定语] a ,baby `boy/`girl 男婴[女婴] * a baby thrush, monkey, crocodile 幼小的鸫、 猴子、 α鱼. (b) (infml 口) youngest member of a family or group 家庭或团体中最年幼的成员: * He's the baby of the team. 他在队里最年轻. (c) childish or timid person 孩子气的人; 胆怯的人: * Stop crying and don't be such a baby. 别哭了, 不要这样孩子气. 2 (a) (sl 俚 esp US) young woman, esp a man's girl-friend 姑娘; （尤指男子的）女友. (b) (US sl 俚) person 人. 3 [attrib 作定语] very small of its kind 小型的: * a baby car 小型汽车. 4 (idm 习语) be ,one's `baby (infml 口) be sth that one has created or has in one's care 由某人造成的事物; 归某人管的事物: * It's your baby, ie You must deal with it.这是你干的（应由你来处理）. leave sb holding the baby => leave1. smooth as a baby's bottom => smooth1. start a baby => start2. throw the baby out with the bath water foolishly discard a valuable idea, plan, etc at the same time as one is getting rid of sth unpleasant or undesirable 把婴儿和洗澡水一齐倒掉（在把不想要或不需要的东西扔掉的同时, 也愚蠢地抛弃了有价值的意见、 计划等）; 在去其糟粕的同时, 也丢掉了精华. 派生： baby v (pt, pp babied) [Tn] treat (sb) like a baby; pamper 把（某人）当成小孩; 纵容: Don't baby him. 不要纵容他. babyhood n [sing] (a) state of being a baby 婴儿期. (b) time when one is a baby 婴儿时代. babyish adj of, like or suitable for a baby 婴儿的; 婴儿般的; 适於婴儿的: Now that Ned can read he finds his early picture books too babyish. 由於内德已经识字, 他觉得他以前的那些画册都太浅了. 复合： `baby carriage (US) = pram. `baby-faced adj having a smooth round babyish face 娃娃脸的. ,baby `grand small grand piano 小型叁角钢琴.

baby1
`baby-minder n person paid to look after a baby for long periods (eg while the parents are working) 受雇长期照看婴儿者（如婴儿父母上班时）; 保姆. `baby-sit v (-tt-; pt -sat)[I] be a baby-sitter 代人临时照看婴儿: She regularly baby-sits for us. 她定期前来为我们照看婴儿. `baby-sitter n (infml 口) (also sitter) person who looks after a child for a short time while the parents are out 小孩父母外出时临时照看孩子的人; 临时保姆. `baby-sitting n [U]. `baby-snatcher n woman who steals a baby, esp from its pram 窃婴女人（尤指自婴儿车内偷窃的）. `baby-talk n unnatural or simplified language used by or to babies before they can speak properly 儿语（婴儿牙牙学语阶段所用或对其使用的一种不合规则的或简单语言）. `baby tooth (esp US) = milk tooth (milk).

baccalaureate
[7bAkE'lC:riEt; 7bAkE'lCriit] n last secondary school examination in France and in many international schools （法国和许多国际学校的）中学毕业考试: * sit, take, pass, fail, etc one's baccalaureate 参加、 接受、 通过、 未通过...中学毕业考试.

baccarat
[5bAkEra:; 7bAkE'ra] n [U] card-game played by gamblers 巴卡拉纸牌戏（赌博者玩的）.

bacchanal
[5bAkEnl; 5bAkEnl] n (pl ~s or ~ia[7bAk-E'neiliE; 7bAkE'neliE] ) (dated or fml 旧或文) bout of noisy, drunken merrymaking 狂饮作乐. > bacchana-lian[7bAkE'neiliEn; 7bAkE'neliEn] adj: * bacchanalian revels 狂欢作乐的饮宴.

baccy
[5bAki; 5bAki] n [U] (Brit infml 口) tobacco 烟草.

bachelor
[5bAtFElE(r); 5bAtFEll] n 1 (a) unmarried man 未婚男子; 单身汉: * He remained a bachelor all his life. 他终生未娶. * a confirmed bachelor, ie one who has decided never to marry 抱独身主义的男子（决心终身不娶的人） * [attrib 作定语] a bachelor girl, ie an unmarried woman who lives independently 独立生活的未婚女子. Cf 参看 spinster. (b) [attrib 作定语] of or suitable for an unmarried person 单身者的; 适宜於单身者的: * a bachelor flat 单身公寓. 2 person who holds a first university degree 获学士学位的人: * a bachelor's degree 学士学位 * Bachelor of Arts/Science 文[理]学士.

bacillus
[bE'silEs; bE'silEs] n (pl -cilli/bE'silai; bE'silai] ) rod-like bacterium, esp one of the types that cause disease 菌（尤指病菌）.

back
1[bAk; bAk] n 1 part or surface of an object that is furthest from the front; part that is less used, less visible or less important 後部; 後面; 背面; 反面: * If you use mirrors you can see the back of your head. 使用两个镜子能看见自己的头的後部. * The index is at the back (of the book). 索引在（书的）末尾. * The child sat in the back (of the car) behind the driver. 那孩子坐在（汽车的） 後部, 司机身後的位置上. * I was at the back (of the cinema) and couldn't see well. 我坐在（电影院的）後排, 所以看不好. * Write your address on the back (of the cheque). 把你的地址写在（支票的）背面. * a room at the back of the house 房屋内靠後面的一个房间 * a house with a garden at the back 有後花园的房屋 * You can't cut with the back of the knife. 用刀背就无法切割. * the back of one's hand, ie the side with the nails and the knuckles 手背. Cf 参看 front 1. 2 (a) rear part of the human body from the neck to the buttocks; spine 人体的背部; 脊椎骨: * He lay on his back and looked up at the sky. 他仰卧着观看天空. * She broke her back in a climbing accident. 她在一次攀登事故中折断了脊梁骨. (b) part of an animal's body that corresponds to this 动物的脊背: * Fasten the saddle on the horse's back. 把鞍子系在马背上. =>illus at horse 见horse之插图. 3 part of a garment covering the back 後襟. 4 part of a chair against which a seated person's back rests 椅子的靠背; 椅背. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xvi. 5 (in football, etc) defensive player whose position is near the goal （足球等）後卫. 6 (idm 习语) at the back of one's mind in one's thoughts, but without being of immediate or central concern 在内心中（但并非急事或要事）: * At the back of his mind was the vague idea that he had met her before. 他隐隐约约地觉得以前曾经见过她. the ,back of bey`ond an isolated place, far from a centre of social and cultural activity 与外界隔绝的地方; 远离闹市的地方:

back1
* They live somewhere at the back of beyond. 他们住的地方远离闹市. ,back to `back with back against back 背靠背: * Stand back to back and let's see who's taller. 背靠背站好, 看看谁的个子高. ,back to `front with the back placed where the front should be 前後颠倒: * Your pullover is on back to front. 你的套头毛衣前後穿反了. =>illus 见插图. be glad, etc to see the back of sb/sth be pleased, etc that one will not see sb/sth again 因不再见到某人[某事物]而高兴等. behind sb's `back without sb's knowledge or consent 不让某人知道或不经某人同意; 背着某人: * They say nasty things about him behind his back. 他们在背後说他的坏话. Cf 参看 to sb's face (face1). be on sb's `back annoy, hinder or persecute sb 惹恼某人; 妨碍某人; 找某人麻烦. break one's `back (to do sth) work very hard (to achieve sth) 拚命工作（以实现某目的）. break the back of sth finish the larger or more difficult part of (a task) 完成（某项任务的）大部分或较艰难的部分. get/put sb's `back up make sb angry 使某人生气: * His offhand manner put my back up. 他那随随便便的样子我看着很生气. get off sb's `back (infml 口) stop annoying, hindering or persecuting sb 不再惹恼某人; 不再妨碍某人; 不再找某人麻烦. have eyes in the back of one's head => eye1. have one's ,back to the `wall be in a difficult position and forced to defend oneself 陷於必须背水一战的困境. know sth like the back of one's hand => know. make a rod for one's own back => rod. a pat on the back => pat2 n. pat sb/oneself on the back => pat2 v. put one's `back into sth work at sth with all one's energy 不遗馀力地从事某工作; 全力以赴. a stab in the back => stab n. stab sb in the back => stab v. turn one's back on sb/sth avoid or reject sb/sth 避开或拒绝接受某人[某事物]: * He turned his back on his family when he became famous. 他成名以後对自己家里的人连理都不理. water off a duck's back => water. you scratch my back and I'll scratch yours => scratch1.

back2
派生： backless adj (of dress) cut low at the back1(2a) （指连衣裙）露出後背的. 复合： `backache n [U, C] ache or pain in the back1(2a) 背痛; 腰痛. `backbone n 1 [C] line of bones down the middle of the back from the skull to the hips; spine; spinal column 椎骨; 脊柱; 脊椎. =>illus at skeleton 见skeleton之插图. 2 [sing] (fig 比喻) chief support 中坚; 栋梁: Such people are the backbone of the country. 这样的人是国家的栋梁. 3 [U] (fig 比喻) strength; firmness 力气; 坚定性: He has no backbone, ie lacks stamina, perseverance, strength of character, etc. 他没有脊梁骨（缺少体力、 毅力、 坚强的性格等）. 4 (idm 习语) to the `backbone thoroughly 彻底地. `back-breaking adj exhausting 使人筋疲力尽的: back-breaking work, effort, etc 使人筋疲力尽的工作、 努力等. `backpack n (esp US) = rucksack. `backpacker n. `backpacking n [U]. `backrest n support for the back1(2a) 靠背. `backscratcher n device with claws on a long handle for scratching one's own back1(2a) 搔背扒子（带爪的长柄用具, 用以自己搔背, 俗称痒痒挠儿、 不求人）. `backstroke n [U] swimming stroke done on one's back in the water 仰泳.

backgammon
[7bAk'gAmEn, 'bAkgAmEn; 5bAk-7gAmEn] n [U] game for two players played on a double board with draughts and dice 西洋双陆棋（供两人玩, 使用对摺棋盘、 棋子、 色子）.

background
[5bAkgraund; 5bAk7graund] n 1 [sing] part of a view, scene or description that forms a setting for the chief objects, people, etc 背景. Cf 参看 foreground. 2 [sing] (a) inconspicuous position (used esp in the expressions shown) 不显着的位置; 幕後（尤用於以下示例）: * be/be kept/stay in the background, ie not in the centre of public attention 在[保持在/留在]幕後（避开公众的注意）. (b) [attrib 作定语] unobtrusive 不明显的: * background music 背景音乐; 配乐. Cf 参看 foreground. 3 (a) [sing] conditions and events surrounding and influencing sth 围绕并影响某事物的情况和事件: * These political developments should be seen against a background of increasing East-West tension. 分析这些政治形势时, 应考虑到东西方关系正日趋紧张. * [attrib 作定语] background information 背景资料. (b) [C] person's social class, education, training, etc 人的社会阶层、 学历、 资历等: * He has a working-class background. 他是工人阶级出身. (c) [U] information that is needed to understand a problem, etc （为了解某问题等所需的）资料: * Can you give me more background on the company's financial position? 你能向我多提供一些有关该公司财务状况的资料吗?

backward
[5bAkwEd; 5bAkwld] adj 1 directed towards the back or the starting point 向後的; 向原出发点的: * a backward glance, somersault 向後一瞥、 翻一个筋斗. 2 having made or making less than normal progress 落後的; 後进的: * a very backward part of the country, with no proper roads and no electricity 这个国家中极其落後的地区, 既没有像样的公路也没有电力供应 * John was rather backward as a child; he was nearly three before he could walk. , . 3 [pred 作表语] ~ (in sth) shy; reluctant; hesitant 害羞; 怯生生; 迟疑: * Sheila is very clever but rather backward in expressing her ideas. 希拉很聪明, 然而在表达思想时却有些 腆. Cf 参看 forward. 派生： backwards (also backward) adv 1 away from one's front; towards the back 向後: He looked backwards over his shoulder. 他回头向後看. 2 with the back or the end first 倒着; 颠倒: It's not easy to run backwards. 倒着跑不容易. * The word `star' is `rats' backwards. star这个字是倒着拼的 rats. 3 toward a worse or a previous state 回到更坏的或先前的状况: Let's take a journey backwards through time, ie imagine we are going back to an earlier period in history. 让我们作一次逆着时间的旅行（想像我们回到过去的历史时期里）. * Instead of making progress, my work actually seems to be going backwards. 我的工作不但没有进步, 实际上像是在倒退. =>Usage at forward2 用法见 forward2. 4 (idm 习语) ,backward(s) and `forward(s) first in one direction and then in the other 来回地: travelling backwards and forwards between London and the south coast 往返於伦敦和南海岸之间 * [attrib 作定语] a backward and forward movement 往复运动. bend/lean over `backwards (to do sth) (infml 口) make a great effort 努力; 竭力: Although we bent over backwards to please her, our new manager was still very critical of our work. 尽管我们竭力讨好新经理, 但她仍然对我们的工作百般挑剔. know sth backwards => know.

backward1
backwardness n [U].

bacon
[5beikEn; 5bekEn] n [U] 1 salted or smoked meat from the back or sides of a pig 腌猪肉, 熏猪肉（猪的背部或肋部的肉）: * a rasher of bacon 一片腌猪肉. Cf 参看 gammon, ham 1, pork. 2 (idm 习语) bring home the bacon => home3. save one's bacon => save1.

bacteria
[bAk'tiEriE; bAk'tiriE] n [pl] (sing -ium[-iEm; -iEm] ) simplest and smallest forms of plant life, microscopic organisms that exist in large numbers in air, water and soil, and also in living and dead creatures and plants, and are often a cause of disease 细菌. 派生： bacterial[-riEl; -riEl] adj of or caused by bacteria 细菌的; 由细菌引起的: * bacterial contamination 细菌感染. bacteriology/bAk7tiEri5ClEdVi; 5bAk7tiri5alEdVi] n[U] scientific study of bacteria 细菌学. bacteriologist[-dVIst; -dVIst/ n person specializing in bacteriology 细菌学家.

bad
1[bAd; bAd] adj (worse/wE:s; wEs] , worst/wE:st; wEst] ) 1 (a) of poor quality; below an acceptable standard; faulty 坏的; 劣质的; 不合格的; 有错的: * a bad lecture, harvest 很糟的演讲、 收成 * bad pronunciation, eyesight 很差的发音、 视力 * You can't take photographs if the light is bad. 光线不足, 就无法拍照. (b) (used with names of occupations or with ns derived from vs 与职业名称连用或与动词派生的名词连用) not competent; not able to perform satisfactorily 不能胜任的; 表现不能令人满意的: * a bad teacher, hairdresser, poet, etc 滥竽充数的教师、理发师、诗人等 * a bad liar, listener, etc 很差劲的说谎者、听者等 * a bad loser, ie one who complainswhen he loses 没出息的失败者（失败後怨天尤人的人）. 2 not morally acceptable; wicked 不道德的; 邪恶的: * It's bad to steal. 偷窃真缺德. * He led a bad life. 他曾经过着邪恶的生活. 3 unpleasant; disagreeable; unwelcome 令人不快的; 使人讨厌的; 不受欢迎的: * In the recession, our firm went through a bad time. 我们公司在经济衰退时期历尽艰辛. * What bad weather we're having! 多讨厌的天气! * He's had some bad news: * his father has died suddenly. 他得悉噩耗: * 父亲突然去世. * These rotting bananas are giving off a bad smell. 这些腐烂的香蕉发出难闻的气味. 4 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of things that are in themselves undesirable) serious; noticeable （指那些本身就要不得的东西）严重的, 显着的: * a bad mistake, accident, fracture, headache 严重的错误、 事故、 骨折、 头痛. 5 (of food) not fit to be eaten because of decay; rotting or rotten （指食物）因变质而不能食用的, 正在腐烂或已经腐烂的: * bad eggs, meat, etc 腐坏的蛋、 肉等 * The fish will go bad if you don't put it in the fridge. 这鱼不放入冰箱内就会腐坏.

bad1
6 [usu attrib 通常作定语] unhealthy or diseased 不健康的; 有病的: * bad teeth 蛀牙 * a bad back, ie one that causes pain 背部疼痛. 7 [pred 作表语] ~ for sb/sth hurtful or injurious to sb/sth 有害於某人[某事物]: * Smoking is bad for you/bad for your health. 吸烟有害於你[有害於你的健康]. * Too much rain is bad for the crops. 雨量过多对庄稼不利. 8 ~ (for sth/to do sth) unsuitable; difficult 不适宜的; 困难的: * a bad time for buying a house/to buy a house 不宜於购置房产的时期 * This beach is good for swimming but bad for surfing. 这片海滩宜於游泳而不适合作冲浪运动. 9 (idm 习语) go from ,bad to `worse (of a bad condition, situation, etc) become even worse （指坏的状态、 情况等）越来越坏: * We were hoping for an improvement but things have gone from bad to worse. 我们但愿有所改善, 然而事情却每况愈下. (be/get) in bad (with sb) (US infml 口) (be/become) disapproved of or out of favour 不被赏识; 失宠: * If you get in bad with the boss, you'll have problems. 要是上司不喜欢你, 你就该有麻烦了. not `bad (infml 口) quite good; better than expected 不错; 比预料的要好: * That was not bad for a first attempt. 按初次尝试来说, 那就算不错了. * `How are you feeling?’ `Not too bad!’ ‘你觉得怎麽样?’‘还可以! too bad (a) regrettable (used sympathetically) 遗憾的（用以表示同情）: * It's too bad you can't come to the party. 你不能来参加宴会真遗憾. (b) (infml ironic 口, 反语) unfortunate (used dismissively)不幸的（用作轻蔑回绝）: * `My share's too small.’ `Too bad! It's all you're going to get.’ ‘我这份太少了.’‘你将就点儿吧! 你能得到的就是这些. (For other idioms containing bad, see entries for other major words in each idiom 查阅其他含有bad一词的习语, 见该习语中含有其他主要词的词条, 如 turn up like a bad penny => penny.)

bad2
派生： bad adv (US infml 口) badly(2) 非常; 在很大程度上: That's what I want, and I want it bad. 这就是我想要的, 而且是迫不及待要得到的. * Are you hurt bad? 你伤得厉害吗? baddy n (infml 口) villain in a film, novel, etc （电影、 小说等中的）反面人物, 坏人: In real life, it's not so easy to divide people into goodies and baddies. 在现实生活中, 要划分好人和坏人并非易事. badly adv (worse, worst) 1 in an inadequate or unsatisfactory manner 不好; 以不适当的或不能令人满意的方式: play, work, sing, etc badly 玩得、 干得、 唱得...不好 * badly made, dressed, etc 做得、 穿得...不像样子的 * I'm afraid our team's doing rather badly. 我看我们队的表现不太好. 2 (with expressions indicating a want, need, etc or undesirable conditions 与表示匮乏、 需要等用语连用或与表示不良情况的用语连用) very much; to a great extent 非常; 在很大程度上: badly in need of repair 亟须修理 * badly wounded 伤情严重 * badly beaten at football 在足球赛中惨败 * They want to see her very badly. 他们很想见到她. 3 (idm 习语) badly off in a poor position, esp financially 潦倒; （尤指）穷困: We shouldn't complain about being poor many families are much worse off (than we are). 我们不应该因为穷而叫苦连天--许多人的家境（比起我们来）还要糟得多呢. be badly off for sth be in need (of sth); be inadequately supplied (with sth) 需要（某物）; 供应（某物）不足: The refugees are badly off for blankets, and even worse off for food. 难民需要毯子, 更需要食物. badness n [U]. 复合： ,bad `debt debt that is unlikely to be paid 坏帐. `bad lands n [pl] (US) barren regions 不毛之地. ,bad `language obscene or profane words used insultingly or to add emphasis; swear-words 脏话; 骂人的话. `bad-mouth v [Tn] (US infml 口) talk maliciously about (sb); slander 恶意中伤（某人）; 诽谤. ,bad-`tempered adj usually cross 脾气坏的.

bade
=> bid.

badge
[bAdV; bAdV] n (a) thing worn (usu a design on cloth or sth made of metal) to show a person's occupation, rank, membership of a society, etc 徽章: * a cap badge, eg of a schoolboy or soldier 帽徽. =>illus at hat 见hat之插图. (b) (fig 比喻) thing that shows a quality or condition 象徵; 标志: * Chains are a badge of slavery. 锁链是奴隶制度的标志.

badger
1[5bAdVE(r); 5bAdVl] n animal of the weasel family, grey with black and white stripes on its head, living in holes in the ground and moving about at night 瞔. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page iii.

badinage
[5bAdina:V; - 7bAdEn'a:V; 7bAdn'aV] n [U] (French 法) playful teasing; banter 开玩笑; 打趣.

badminton
[5bAdmintEn; 5bAdmintEn] n [U] game for two or four people played with rackets and shuttlecocks on a court with a high net 羽毛球运动.

baffle
1[5bAfl; 5bAfl] v [Tn] 1 be too difficult for (sb) to understand; puzzle 使（某人）困惑; 难倒: * One of the exam questions baffled me completely. 有一道试题把我完全难住了. * Police are baffled as to the identity of the killer. 警方不解凶手是谁. 2 prevent (sb) from doing sth; frustrate 阻止（某人）做某事; 使受挫: * She baffled all our attempts to find her. 她千方百计不让我们找到她. > bafflement n [U]. baffling adj: * a baffling crime 难於侦破的罪案.

BAFTA
[5bAftE; 5bAftE] abbr 缩写 = British Academy of Film and Television Arts 英国影视艺术学会: * BAFTA awards 英国影视艺术学会奖.

bag
1[bAg; bAg] n 1 (a) container made of flexible material (eg paper, cloth or leather) with an opening at the top, used for carrying things from place to place 袋; 包; 提包: * a `shopping-bag 购物袋 * a `handbag 手提包 * a `kitbag 旅行袋 * a `toolbag 工具袋 * a `mailbag 邮袋. (b) such a container with its contents; the amount it contains 一袋或一包的物品; 一袋或一包的量: * two bags of coal 两袋煤. 2 thing resembling a bag 袋状物: * bags under the eyes, ie loose folds of skin under the eyes, eg from lack of sleep 眼下肿包. 3 all the birds, animals, etc shot or caught 猎获物: * We got a good bag today. 我们今天猎获甚丰. 4 (infml derog 口, 贬) fussy, unattractive or bad-tempered (usu older) woman 爱挑剔的、 令人厌烦或脾气坏的（通常为较年长的）女人: * She's an awful old bag. 她是个爱挑剔的老太婆. 5 (idm 习语) ,bag and `baggage with all one's belongings, often suddenly or secretly 带着全部财物（常为突然地或秘密地）: * Her tenant left, bag and baggage, without paying the rent. 她的房客未付房租就带着全部财物离去了. a ,bag of `bones a very thin person or animal 骨瘦如柴的人或动物: * The cat had not been fed for weeks and was just a bag of bones. 那只猫已有几个星期没喂食了, 简直成了皮包骨. be in the `bag (infml 口) (of a result, an outcome, etc) be as desired （指结果、 结局等）不成问题, 如探囊取物: * Her re-election is in the bag. 她在改选中已稳操胜券. let the cat out of the bag => cat1. pack one's bags => pack2. the whole bag of tricks => whole.

bagatelle
[7bAgE'tel; 7bAgE'tel] n 1 [U] game played on a board with small balls that are hit into holes 小型台球游戏. 2 [C] something small and unimportant 小玩意儿; 无足轻重的东西: * a mere bagatelle 小事一桩. 3 [C] short piece of music 小曲; 音乐小品.

bagel
[5beigl; 5begEl] n hard ring-shaped bread roll 一种圈状硬面包.

baggage
[5bAgidV; 5bAgidV] n 1 [U] = luggage. 2 [U] equipment carried by an army 辎重. 3 [C] (dated infml joc 旧, 口, 谑) lively or mischievous girl 活泼或调皮的女孩儿: * Come here, you little baggage! 过来, 你这小丫头! 4 (idm 习语) bag and baggage => bag1. 复合： `baggage car (US) = luggage van (luggage). `baggage room (US) = left-luggage office (left1).

baggy
[5bAgi; 5bAgi] adj (-ier, -iest) hanging loosely 宽松地下垂的: * baggy trousers 宽松的裤子. > baggily adv. bagginess n [U].

bagpipes
[5bAgpaips; 5bAg7paips] (also pipes) n [pl] musical instrument played by storing air in a bag held under the arm, which is then pressed out through pipes 风笛: * Scottish bagpipes 苏格兰风笛.

bah
[ba:; ba] interj (expressing disgust or contempt 表示厌恶或轻蔑).

bail
1[beil; bel] n [U] 1 money paid by or for a person accused of a crime, as security that he will return for his trial if he is allowed to go free until then 保释金. 2 permission for a person to be released on such security 准许保释: * The magistrate granted/refused him bail. 地方法官准许[不准]他保释. 3 (idm 习语) go/stand `bail (for sb) give bail (to secure sb's freedom) 交保释金（保释某人）. jump bail => jump2. (out) on `bail free after payment of bail 交保释金後获释: * The accused was released on bail (of 1000) pending trial. 那被告在交纳（1000英镑）保释金後, 在开庭前暂时获释. 派生： bail v (phr v) bail sb out (a) obtain or allow the release of sb on bail 保释某人. (b) (fig infml 比喻, 口) rescue sb from (esp financial) difficulties 救助某人摆脱困境（尤指财务方面）: The club faced bankruptcy until a wealthy local businessman bailed them out. 俱乐部那时眼看就要破产, 後来本地有位富商鼎力相助, 才摆脱困境.

bailey
[5beili; 5beli] n 1 outer wall of a castle （城堡的）郭. 2 courtyard enclosed by this wall （城堡外郭所围绕的）堡场.

Bailey bridge
[5beili bridV; 5beli bridV] portable military bridge made of prefabricated sections that can be fitted together quickly 贝利桥（军用便桥, 由可迅速安装的预制件组成）.

bailiff
[5beilif; 5belif] n 1 law officer who helps a sheriff in issuing writs and making arrests （协助郡长发布令状及执行逮捕使命的）执行官. 2 (Brit) landlord's agent or steward; manager of an estate or farm （地主的）代理人或管家; （房地产或农场的）看守人. 3 (US) official in a lawcourt, esp one who takes people to their seats and announces the arrival of the judge 法警（尤指负责带位并宣布法官出庭的）.

bairn
[beEn; bern] n (Scot 苏格兰) child 小孩儿.

bait
[beit; bet] n [U] 1 food or imitation food put on a hook to catch fish or placed in nets, traps, etc to attract prey 鱼饵; 诱饵: * The fish nibbled at/rose to/took/swallowed the bait. 那鱼轻咬[浮向/咬着了/吞下了]鱼饵. * live bait, ie small fish used to catch larger fish 活饵（用作鱼饵引诱大鱼上钩的小鱼）. 2 (fig 比喻) thing that is used to attract or tempt 引诱物; 诱惑物. 3 (idm 习语) rise to the bait => rise2. swallow the bait => swallow2. 派生： bait v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) put (real or imitation food) on or in sth to catch fish, animals, etc 置（饵）於某物之上或之内（以捕鱼、 兽等）: bait a trap 把饵放入陷阱里 * bait a hook with a worm 把鱼虫放在钩上作鱼饵. 2 [Tn] (a) torment (a chained animal) by making dogs attack it, often as a form of entertainment 纵犬撕咬（被链锁住的动物）（通常作为娱乐）: `bear-baiting 纵犬斗熊. (b) torment (sb) by making cruel or insulting remarks 以侮辱性言辞折磨（某人）.

baize
[beiz; bez] n [U] thick (usu green) woollen cloth used for covering billiard-tables, card-tables, doors, etc 台面呢（一种厚毛呢, 通常为绿色, 用作台球台、 牌桌、 门等的衬垫）.

bake
[beik; bek] v 1 [I, Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (for sb) (cause sth to) be cooked by dry heat in an oven （使某物躣在烤箱烘烤: * bake bread, cakes, etc 烘面包、 糕饼等 * The bread is baking/being baked. 面包正在烘烤. * I'm baking Alex a birthday cake/baking a birthday cake for Alex. 我正在给阿列克斯烤生日蛋糕. * baked potatoes 烤的马铃薯 * baked beans, ie haricot beans baked and tinned with tomato sauce 烘豆（经烘烤後加入番茄汁做成罐头的菜豆）. =>Usage at cook 用法见 cook. 2 [I, Tn, Cn.a] (cause sth to) become hard by heating （使某物）烤硬: * The sun baked the ground hard. 太阳把地晒得硬帮帮的. * The bricks are baking in the kilns. 里正在烧砖. 3 [I] (fig infml 比喻, 口) be or become very hot 灼热; 炎热: * It's baking today! 今天天气炎热! * We are baking in the sun. 我们让太阳晒熟了. 派生： baker n 1 person who bakes and sells bread, etc 烘制并出售面包等的人; 面包师傅: buy some rolls at the baker's 在面包店里买些圆面包. 2 (idm 习语) a baker's `dozen thirteen 十叁. bakery[5beikEri; 5bekEri] n place where bread is baked for sale 面包房; 面包厂. 复合： ,baking-`hot adj (infml 口) very hot 灼热的; 炎热的: a ,baking-hot `day 炎热的一天. `baking-powder n [U] mixture of powders used to make cakes, etc rise and become light during baking 发酵粉.

bakelite
[5beikElait; 5bekE7lait] n [U] type of plastic 电木; 胶木.

baksheesh
[bAk'Fi:F, also 'bAkFi:F; bAk'FiF, 'bAkFiF] n [U] (in the Middle East) money given as a tip or to help the poor （中东地区的）小费, 赏钱.

balaclava
[7bAlE'kla:vE; 7bAlE'klavE] n (also ,Balaclava `helmet) closely-fitting hat that covers the head and neck but not the face 巴拉克拉瓦帽（紧紧罩住头部和颈部而只露出脸部的帽子）.

balalaika
[7bAlE'laikE; 7bAlE'laikE] n musical instrument like a guitar with a triangular body and three strings, popular in Slav countries 巴拉莱卡琴（类似吉他的乐器, 琴身为叁角形, 有叁根弦, 流行於斯拉夫国家）.

balance
1[5bAlEns; 5bAlEns] n 1 [C] instrument used for weighing, with a central pivot, a beam and two scales or pans 天平; 秤. => illus at scale3 见scale3之插图. 2 [U] (a) even distribution of weight; steadiness 平衡; 平稳: * Riders need a good sense of balance. 骑车的人必须善 於保持平衡. (b) steadiness of mind; sanity 心境的平稳; 心智健全: * His wife's sudden death upset the balance ofhis mind. 他妻子突然去世, 他感到六神无主. 3 [U, sing](a) ~ (in sth/between A and B) condition that exists when two opposites are equal or in correct proportions 均衡状态; 均势: * Try to achieve a better balance between work and play. 争取把工作和娱乐更好地结合起来. * This newspaper maintains a good balance in its presentation of different opinions. 这家报纸刊登不同意见始终做到不偏不倚. (b) pleasing proportion of parts in a whole 谐调; 匀称: * All the parts of the building are in perfect balance. 建 物的各部分都显得非常匀称. * This painting has a pleasing balance of shapes and colours. 这幅画在构图和色彩方面都十分谐调. 4 [C usu sing 通常作单数] (finance 财) difference between two columns of an account, ie money received or owing and money spent or owed 收支差额; 馀额: * I must check my bank balance, ie find out how much money I have in my account. 我要核对一下我在银行的馀额（看我的帐户上有多少钱）. 5 (a) [C usu sing 通常作单数] amount (of money) still owed after some payment has been made 馀欠之（钱）数: * The balance (of 500) will be paid within one week. 馀欠之数（500英镑）将於一周内付清. (b) the balance [sing] remainder of sth after part has already been used, taken, etc 剩馀: * The balance of your order will be supplied when we receive fresh stock. 贵方所订购货物之其馀部分, 一俟我方进货即可供应. * When will you take the balance of your annual leave? 你打算什麽时候使用剩馀的年假? =>Usage at rest3 用法见 rest3.6 (idm 习语)

balance1
(be/hang) in the balance (of a decision, result, sb's future, etc) (be) uncertain or undecided （指决定、 结果、 某人的未来等）不能确定的, 尚未决定的: * The future of this project is (hanging) in the balance. 这项目的下一步仍然悬而未决. keep/lose one's `balance keep steady/become unsteady; remain upright/fall 保持[失去]平衡; 立稳[倒下]: * It is difficult to keep one's balance on an icy pavement. 人行道上结了冰, 要想不 倒可不容易. * She cycled too fast round the corner, lost her balance and fell off. 她骑车因拐弯太快, 失去平衡而 倒了. (catch/throw sb) off balance (find/cause sb to be) in danger of falling because his steadiness is disturbed （发现[使]某人）摇摇欲坠: * I was caught off balance by the sudden wind and nearly fell. 突然一阵风吹得我东摇西晃险些 倒. on `balance (infml 口) having considered every aspect, argument, etc 考虑周全; 总的来看: * Despite some failures, our firm has had quite a good year on balance. 我们公司尽管存在某些不足之处, 总的来看这一年还是相当不错的. redress the balance => redress v. strike a balance => strike2. tip the balance => tip2 3. 复合： ,balance of `payments difference between the amount paid to foreign countries for imports and services and the amount received from them for exports, etc in a given period 国际收支差额: [attrib 作定语] a healthy balance-of-payments position 良好的国际收支状况. ,balance of `power 1 situation in which power is equally divided among rival states or groups of states 均势（对立的国家或国家集团之间势均力敌的状况）. 2 (politics 政) power held by a small group when rival larger groups are equal or almost equal in strength （当处於对立状态的较大团体力量均衡或接近均衡时）小团体所具有的举足轻重的力量: Since the two main parties each won the same number of seats, the minority party holds the balance of power. 由於两个主要政党都赢得了相同数量的席位, 因此作为少数派的政党居於举足轻重的地位.

balance2
,balance of `trade difference in value between exports and imports 进出口贸易差额: [attrib 作定语] a balance-of-trade deficit, ie when a country's exports are worth less than its imports 贸易赤字（进口多於出口）. `balance sheet written record of money received and paid out, showing the difference between the two total amounts 资产负债表, 资金平衡表（显示收支总差额的记录）.

balcony
[5bAlkEni; 5bAlkEni] n 1 platform with a wall or rail built onto the outside wall of a building and reached from an upstairs room 阳台. =>illus 见插图. 2 (US) = circle 3.

bald
[bC:ld; bCld] adj 1 (a) (of people) having little or no hair on the scalp （指人）秃头的, 无发或少发的. (b) without the expected covering 缺少应有的覆盖物的: * Our dog has a bald patch (ie a patch with no hair) on its leg. 我们的狗的腿上秃了一块. * bald (ie badly worn) tyres 光秃的（严重磨损的）轮胎 * (fig 比喻) a bald landscape, ie one with no trees, bushes, etc 光秃秃的景象（没有树木等）. 2 without elaboration; plain or dull 不刻意修饰的; 简单的; 单调的: * bald facts 简单的事实 * a bald statement of the facts 对事实的直截了当的陈述. 3 (idm 习语) (as) bald as a coot (infml 口) completely bald 头顶全秃的. 派生： balding adj becoming bald 变秃的: He was already balding at the age of 25. 他25岁就秃顶了. baldly adv in plain words; with no elaboration 直截了当地; 不加修饰地: To put it baldly..., ie If I may speak plainly, without trying to soften what I am saying... 直截了当地说吧.... baldness n [U]. 复合： ,bald `eagle N American eagle with a white head and white tail feathers, used as an emblem of the USA 白头雕, 秃雕（产於北美洲的雕, 头部和尾部羽毛为白色, 是象徵美国的国鸟）.

balderdash
[5bC:ldEdAF; 5bCldl7dAF] n [U] (dated infml 旧, 口) nonsense 胡话: * He's talking balderdash. 他胡说八道.

bale
1[beil; bel] n large bundle of paper, straw, goods, etc pressed together and tied with rope or wire ready to be moved, sold, etc 大包; 大捆: * bales of hay 乾草捆 * The cloth was packed in bales. 布已打成包. 派生： bale v [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) make sth into or pack sth in bales 将某物打成包或包装成捆: baling hay 捆乾草.

baleful
[5beilful; 5belfEl] adj threatening evil or harm; menacing 凶恶的; 有害的; 险恶的: * a baleful look, influence, presence 凶恶的样子、 势力、 态度. > balefully[5beilfuli; 5belfEli] adv.

balk
1 (also baulk)[bC:k; bCk] n thick, roughly-squared wooden beam （粗加工的）大方木料.

ball
1[bC:l; bCl] n 1 (a) solid or hollow sphere used in games （各种游戏所用的实心或空心的）球: * a `football 足球 * a `tennis-ball 网球 * a `cricket-ball 板球. =>illus at basketball, hockey 见basketball, hockey之插图. (b) any similar sphere 任何球状物: * Signs with three balls hang outside pawnbrokers' shops. 当 外面悬挂着叁个球的标记. 2 (a) (in cricket) single delivery of the ball by the bowler （板球）投球手投出的一个球. (b) (in baseball) any strike or throw （棒球）一击或一投: * a foul ball 界外球. (c) (in football, hockey, etc) movement of the ball by a player （足球、 曲棍球等的）传球: * send over a high ball 高吊传球. 3 round mass of material that has been pressed together, rolled or wound into shape 挤压、 旋滚或缠绕成团的球状物: * a `meat ball 肉丸子 * a `snowball 雪球 * a ball of `wool/`string 绒线[线]团. 4 rounded part 圆形部分: * the ball of the thumb, ie the part near the palm 大拇指下面近掌心的球形部分. =>illus at hand 见hand之插图. * the ball of the foot, ie the part near the base of the big toe 脚掌下面近拇趾根的球形部分. 5 (usu pl 通常作复数) (infml 口) testicle 丸. 6 (idm 习语) the ball is in one's/sb's `court one/sb must make the next move (in a negotiation, etc) （谈判等）下一个轮到自己[某人]. a ball of `fire (infml 口) person full of energy and enthusiasm 精力充沛热情洋溢的人. have the ball at one's `feet have a good chance of succeeding 有成功的好机会. keep/start the `ball rolling continue/start a conversation or an activity 继续[开始]谈话或活动. (be) on the `ball (infml 口) be alert and aware of new ideas, trends, etc 对新的思想、 动向等敏感而熟悉: * The new publicity manager is really on the ball. 新的宣传部主任确实很内行. play `ball (infml 口) co-operate 合作: * They're refusing to play ball (with us). 他们拒绝（与我们）合作.

ball1
派生： ball v [Tn] form (sth) into a ball by winding, squeezing, etc 以缠绕、 挤压等方法使（某物）成为一团: ball one's fist 攥拳. 复合： ,ball-`bearing n (a) type of bearing(5) in which small steel balls are used to reduce friction 滚珠轴承. (b) (usu pl 通常作复数) any of these balls （滚珠轴承的）滚珠. `ballboy, `ballgirl ns young person who retrieves balls for the players in a tennis match 网球场上捡球的年轻人. `ballcock n device with a floating ball that controls the water level in a cistern 浮球旋塞; 浮球阀. `ball game 1 (a) any game played with a ball 球类运动. (b) (US) game of baseball 棒球戏. 2 (sl 俚) state of affairs 局面: We're into a whole new ball game. 我们正处於一种全新的局面. `ballpark n 1 (US) place where baseball is played 棒球场. 2 (sl 俚) area; range 区域; 范围: a guess that's just not in the right ballpark, ie one that is wildly inaccurate 不着边际的瞎猜 * [attrib 作定语] a ballpark figure, ie a rough estimate 约略的数字. `ball-point n (also ,ball-point `pen) pen that writes with a tiny ball at its point which rolls ink onto the paper 圆珠笔. Cf 参看 biro.

ballad
[5bAlEd; 5bAlEd] n simple song or poem, esp one that tells a story 歌谣; 诗歌; 谣曲; （尤指）叙事歌谣.

ballade
[bA'la:d; bA'lad] n 1 poem with one or more verses, each having 7, 8 or 10 lines, and a short final verse 联韵诗（全诗有一个或数个诗节, 每节7行、 8行或10行, 另有一个短小的尾节）. 2 romantic piece of music 叙事曲; 浪漫曲.

ballast
[5bAlEst; 5bAlEst] n 1 [U] heavy material placed in a ship's hold to keep it steady 压舱物, 压载物（船中用以保持平稳的）. 2 [U] sand or other material carried in a balloon, that can be thrown out to make the balloon go higher 气球所装载的沙子或其他物质（可将其抛掉以使气球升得更高）. 3 [U] stones, etc used to make a foundation for a railway, road, etc （铺 铁路、 公路等之路基所用的）石块, 道渣. 4 [C] device used for stabilizing current in an electric circuit 镇流器. 5 (idm 习语) in ballast (of a ship) carrying only ballast （指船）仅装有压舱物的. 派生： ballast v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) supply sth with ballast 给某物装上压载物.

ballerina
[7bAlE'ri:nE; 7bAlE'rinE] n female ballet dancer, esp one who takes leading parts 芭蕾舞女演员（尤指扮演主角的）.

ballet
[5bAlei; 5bAle] n 1 (a) (sometimes 有时作 the ballet) [U] style of dancing used to tell a story in a dramatic performance with music but without speech or singing 芭蕾舞: * enjoy (the) classical ballet 欣赏古典芭蕾舞 * [attrib 作定语] ballet music 芭蕾舞音乐. (b) [C] story performed in this way 芭蕾舞剧: * Have you seenthis ballet before? 你从前看过这出芭蕾舞剧吗? 2 [CGp]group of dancers who regularly perform ballet together 芭蕾舞的演出团体: * members of the Bolshoi Ballet 大剧院芭蕾舞团的演员. 复合： `ballet-dancer n person who dances in ballets 芭蕾舞演员.

ballistics
[bE'listiks; bE'listiks] n [sing v] study of things that are shot or fired through the air, eg bullets, missiles, etc 弹道学（对射击或发射之物如子弹、 导弹等的研究）: * [attrib 作定语] a ballistics expert 弹道学专家. 复合： bal,listic `missile missile that is initially powered and guided and thereafter controlled by gravity 弹道导弹.

ballocks
(also bollocks)[5bClEks; 5balEks] n ( infml 讳, 口) 1 [pl] testicles 丸. 2 [U] nonsense 胡说: * What a load of ballocks! 一派胡言! 派生： ballocks interj ( infml 讳, 口) nonsense 胡说.

balloon
[bE'lu:n; bE'lun] n 1 brightly-coloured rubber bag that is filled with air, used as a child's toy or a decoration （用作玩具或装饰品的）气球. 2 (also hot-`air balloon) large flexible bag filled with hot air or gas to make it rise in the air, often carrying a basket, etc for passengers 热气气球（常悬有吊篮等以载人）. 3 (in strip cartoons, etc) shape like a balloon (ie round with a narrow neck) in which speech is shown （连环画等）供写对白的气球状线条圈（即带狭颈的圆圈）. 4 (idm 习语) when the bal`loon goes up (infml 口) when expected trouble begins 当意料中的麻烦到来时: * I don't want to be around when the balloon goes up. 要出事了, 我趁早离开是非之地. 派生： balloon v [I] 1 swell out like a balloon 膨胀如气球: Her skirt ballooned in the wind. 她的裙子让风吹得鼓起 来了. 2 (usu 通常作 go ballooning) travel in a balloon as a sport 乘气球（作为运动）: They like to go ballooning at weekends. 他们周末喜欢乘气球玩. balloonist n person who travels by balloon, esp as a sport 乘气球的人（尤指作为运动）.

ballot
[5bAlEt; 5bAlEt] n 1 (a) (also `ballot-paper) [C] piece of paper used in secret voting （无记名投票所用的）选票. (b) [U] system of secret voting 无记名投票制度: * elected by ballot 无记名投票选举的. (c) [C] instance of this 无记名投票: * hold a ballot of members 成员举行的无记名投票 * We should put it to a ballot. 我们应该对此进行无记名投票. 2 [C] number of votes recorded in a ballot 无记名投票所得的票数. 派生： ballot v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (for sb/sth) vote by ballot (for sb/sth) 以无记名投票方式（对某人[某事物]）进行表决. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (about/on sth) cause sb to vote (on sth) secretly 使某人以无记名方式投票表决（某事物）: The union balloted its members on the proposed changes. 工会让会员们以无记名方式就所建议的改革进行表决. 复合： `ballot-box n box in which voters place their ballot-papers 投票箱.

balls
up

bally
[5bAli; 5bAli] adj, adv (dated Brit sl 旧, 俚) bloody2(1) 非常; 极端: * It's a bally nuisance! 讨厌极了!

ballyhoo
[7bAli'hu:; - 'bAlihu:; 5bAli7hu] n [U] (infml derog 口, 贬) 1 noisy publicity or advertising 大吹大擂; 大肆宣扬. 2 unnecessary noise or fuss 咋咋呼呼; 大惊小怪.

balm
[ba:m; bam] n [U, C] 1 (also balsam) sweet-smelling oil or ointment obtained from certain types of tree, used for soothing pain or for healing （从某些树中提取的可止痛或疗伤的）芳香油, 香脂. 2 (fig 比喻) thing that soothes the mind 安慰物: * The gentle music was (a) balm to his ears. 那柔和的音乐对他是一种安慰. 派生： balmy adj (-ier, -iest) 1 (of air) gentle and pleasantly warm （指空气）温暖的, 暖和的. 2 fragrant and soothing; like balm 芳香的; 能止痛的; 如香脂的. 3 (esp US) = barmy. balmily adv. balminess n [U].

baloney
= boloney.

balsa
[5bC:lsE; 5bClsE] n (a) [U] lightweight wood used for making models, rafts, etc 轻木（轻质木材, 用以制作模型、 木筏等）. (b) [C] tropical American tree from which this comes 轻木树（生长於热带美洲）.

balsam
[5bC:lsEm; 5bClsEm] n 1 [C] flowering plant grown in gardens 凤仙花. 2 (a) [C] tree yielding balm 产芳香油的树. (b) [U, C] = balm.

baluster
[5bAlEstE(r); 5bAlEstl] n any of the short pillars in a balustrade 栏杆柱.

balustrade
[7bAlE'streid; 7bAlE'stred] n row of upright posts or small pillars joined along the top by a rail or stonework, and placed round a balcony, terrace, flat roof, etc （阳台、 平台、 平屋顶等的）栏杆.

bamboo
[bAm'bu:; bAm'bu] n [C, U] tall plant of the grass family with hard hollow jointed stems that are used for making canes, furniture, etc 竹; 竹子: * the bamboos growing by the river 生长於河边的竹子 * a house of bamboo 竹屋 * [attrib 作定语] a bamboo chair 竹椅.

bamboozle
[bAm'bu:zl; bAm'buzl] v (infml 口) 1 [Tn] mystify (sb); puzzle 使（某人）迷惑; 使为难: * You've completely bamboozled me. 你完全把我搞糊涂了. 2 (phr v) bamboozle sb into (doing) sth trick sb into (doing) sth 哄骗某人做某事: * He bamboozled me into believing that he'd lost all his money. 他欺骗我让我相信他把钱全丢光了. bamboozle sb out of sth cheat sb out of sth 骗取某人的某物.

ban
[bAn; bAn] v (-nn-) 1 [Tn] officially forbid (sth) 明令禁止（某事物）: * The play was banned (by the censor). 该剧本遭（审查员）查禁. * The Government has banned the use of chemical weapons. 政府已经禁止使用化学武器. * a ban-the-bomb demonstration, ie one protesting against the use of nuclear weapons 要求禁止使用核武器的示威活动. 2 ~ sb (from sth/from doing sth) officially forbid sb (to do sth) 明令禁止某人（做某事）: * He was banned from (attending) the meeting. 不准他出席该会议. * She's been banned from driving for six months. 已禁止她开车, 为期六个月. 派生： ban n ~ (on sth/sb) order that bans; prohibition 禁令; 禁止: put a ban on the import of alcohol 宣布禁止酒类进口.

banal
[bE'na:l; - 'beinl; 5benl] adj commonplace; uninteresting 平常的; 乏味的: * banal remarks, thoughts, sentiments, etc 平平常常的话语、 思想、 感情等. 派生： banality/bE'nlEti; bE'nAlEti] n 1 [U] quality of being banal 平常; 乏味. 2 [C] banal remark 平常话; 陈词滥调: * a speech consisting mainly of banalities 有很多陈词滥调的讲话.

banana
[bE'na:nE; - bE'nAnE; bE'nAnE] n 1 (a) long thick-skinned edible fruit that is yellow when ripe 香蕉. =>illus at fruit 见fruit之插图. (b) tropical or semi-tropical tree bearing this fruit 香蕉树（生长於热带或亚热带）. 2 (idm 习语) go ba`nanas (sl 俚) become mad or angry; act very foolishly 发疯; 发怒; 傻里傻气. 复合： ba`nana republic (derog 贬) small, often unstable, country whose economy depends on the export of fruit 香蕉共和国（以水果输出为经济命脉的, 常为不稳定的小国）. ba`nana skin (infml 口) source of difficulty or embarrassment, esp to a public figure, an organization, etc 造成困难或麻烦的根源（尤对某知名人物、 组织等而言）: The proposed tax changes are likely to prove a banana skin for the Government. 建议中的税务变动很可能给政府带来无穷後患.

Band
aid

band
[bAnd; bAnd] n 1 [C] (a) thin flat strip, hoop or loop used for fastening things together or for placing round an object to strengthen it 带; 箍; 条: * iron bands round a barrel 桶外的铁箍 * papers kept together with a rubber band 用橡皮筋套在一起的文件 * the waistband of a dress 连衣裙上的腰带. (b) strip or line on sth, different in colour or design from the rest （颜色或图案异於其他部分的）条纹, 条饰: * a white plate with a blue band round the edge 带蓝边的白盘子. 2 [CGp] organized group of people doing sth together with a common purpose 一队; 一伙; 一组; 一帮: * a band of robbers, fugitives, revellers, etc 一帮强盗、 逃亡者、 寻欢作乐的人等. 3 [CGp] (a) group of people playing esp wind instruments （尤指管乐）乐队: * a brass `band 铜管乐队 * a military `band 军乐队. (b) group of people playing popular music, often for dancing 流行音乐乐队（常为舞蹈作伴奏的）: * a `dance band 为舞会作伴奏的乐队 * a `jazz band 爵士乐队. Cf 参看 orchestra. 4 (also `waveband) [C] (radio 无) range of wavelengths within specified limits 波段; 频带: * the 19-metre band 19米的波段. 派生： band v 1 [Tn] put a band(1a) on or round (sth) 在（某物）上加带或箍. 2 [Ip] ~ together unite in a group 联合: band together to protest 联合抗议 * band together against a common enemy 联合起来共同对敌. 复合： `bandmaster n person who conducts a band(3a,b) （管）乐队指挥. `band-saw n machine-driven saw in the form of an endless belt 带锯（环形带状的机械锯）. `bandsman[-mEn; -mEn] n (pl -men[-mEn; -mEn] ) person who plays in a band(3a) （管）乐队队员. `bandstand[5bAndstAnd; 5bAnd7stAnd] n covered platform for a band(3a) playing outdoors （室外有顶棚的）演奏台. `bandwagon n (idm 习语) climb/jump on the `bandwagon (infml 口) join others in doing sth fashionable or likely to be successful 赶浪头; 赶时髦; 随大溜.

bandage
[5bAndidV; 5bAndidV] n strip of material used for binding round a wound or an injury 带（包扎伤口或患处的纱布带）. 派生： bandage v [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth/sb (up) (with sth) wind a bandage round (a part of) sb 用 带包扎某人（的身体部位）: bandage (up) a wound 用 带包扎伤口 * a bandaged hand 扎了 带的手.

bandanna
[bAn'dAnE; bAn'dAnE] n large handkerchief with coloured spots, usu worn round the neck 有彩色斑点的大围巾.

bandbox
[5bAndbCks; 5bAnd7baks] n light cardboard box for hats, etc 轻纸板盒（装帽子等）.

bandeau
[5bAndEu; - bAn'dEu; bAn'do] n (pl -deaux[-dEUz; US 5dEUz; -`doz/) narrow band worn round the head by a woman to keep her hair in place （女用）束发带.

bandit
[5bAndit; 5bAndit] n member of a gang of armed robbers 土匪; 强盗: * Buses driving through the mountains have been attacked by bandits. 驶经山区的公共汽车遭到匪徒袭击. 派生： banditry n [U] activity of bandits 盗匪行径.

bandoleer
(also bandolier)[7bAndE'liE(r); 7bAndE'lir] n shoulder-belt with pockets for bullets or cartridges （挎在肩上的）子弹带.

bandy
1[5bAndi; 5bAndi] v (pt, pp bandied) 1 (idm 习语) bandy `words (with sb) (dated 旧) exchange words, etc, esp when quarrelling 吵嘴; 顶嘴: * Don't bandy words with me, young man! 别跟我强嘴, 小伙子! 2 (phr v) bandy sth about (usu passive 通常用於被动语态) pass on (a rumour, information, etc), often in a thoughtless way 传播（谣言、 消息等）（常为漫不经心地）: * The stories being bandied about are completely false. 这些道听途说的事全属子虚. * Her name is being bandied about as the next chairperson. 到处传说她将作下届主席.

bane
[bein; ben] n (idm 习语) the bane of sb's existence/life cause of sb's ruin or trouble 某人罹祸或不幸的原因; 祸根: * Those noisy neighbours are the bane of my life. 那些吵吵闹闹的邻居成了我生活中的一大忧患. * Drink was the bane of his existence. 他喝酒把自己毁了. 派生： baneful[-ful; -fEl] adj evil or causing evil 有害的; 有毒的: * a baneful influence 有害的影响. banefully[-fUlI; -fElI/ adv.

bang
1[bAN; bAN] v 1 (a) [Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] strike (sth) deliberately and violently, often in order to make a loud noise 故意猛砸（常为产生巨响）: * He was banging on the door with his fist. 他用拳头砸门. * I banged the door. 我砰的一声关上了门. * She banged her fist on the table. 她用拳头猛捶桌子. * I banged the box down on the floor. 我砰的一声把盒子摔在地板上. (b) [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (down, to, etc) close with a loud noise 砰的一声关上: * A door was banging somewhere, ie opening and closing noisily. 不知哪里有扇门砰砰作响（开门和关门的响声）. * Don't bang the door! 不要砰砰地关门! * He banged the lid down. 他把盖子砰的一声关上了. 2 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] hit violently and often unintentionally 猛击（常为无心地）: * She tripped and banged her knee on the desk. 她绊倒了, 膝盖猛磕在书桌上. (b) [Ipr] ~ into sb/sth collide with sb/sth violently 猛撞着某人[某物]: * He ran round the corner and banged straight into a lamp-post. 他跑过拐角处时迎面撞在灯柱上. 3 [I, Ip] make a loud noise 发巨响: * The fireworks banged impressively. 烟火响声震天. 4 (phr v) bang about/around move around noisily 发出响声地动来动去: * We could hear the children banging about upstairs. 我们可以听见孩子们在楼上乒乒乓乓地跑来跑去. bang away (a) (infml 口) work hard, esp using a typewriter 努力工作（尤指打字）. (b) (sl 俚) have vigorous sexual intercourse 纵情性交. (c) (infml 口) fire continuously 不断射击: * We were banging away at the enemy. 我们乒乒乓乓向敌人射击. * The guns banged away all day. 枪炮声整天响个不停. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: 1 Knock means hitting something with a clear, sharp sound. *knock意为敲击某物而发出清脆的声音. One may knock to signal one's presence to others 可用敲击发出的声音向别人表示有人在此: Can you go to the door? Someone's knocking. 你到门那儿去看看好吗? 有人敲门.

bang1
* He knocked at the window to be let in. 他敲敲窗户要进来. Knock can denote an accidental action which hurts or breaks something *knock 可指意外的动作, 可造成伤痛或毁坏东西: I knocked my hand against the table. 我的手碰到桌子上了. * I knocked the plate off the table with my elbow. 我的胳膊肘把盘子从桌上碰掉了. 2 Bump means hitting something by accident and with a dull sound *bump 的意思是偶然地碰撞某物并发出低沉的声音: The bus bumped into the back of the car. 公共汽车砰的一声撞上了一辆汽车的後部. * He ran round the corner and bumped into an old lady. 他跑过拐角处, 撞着了一个老太太. * I bumped my head on the low beam. 我的头撞到低梁上了. 3 Bang suggests a harder blow and a louder sound. *bang 指撞击更重, 声音也更大. Banging may be intentional hitting, expressing anger or urgency 这种撞击可以是有意的, 表示气愤或着急: He banged his fist on the table to emphasize his argument. 他用拳头敲着桌子为自己的辩驳助威. * He banged on the door until it was opened. 他砰砰地敲门, 直到把门敲开为止. Banging may also be accidental and painful 这种撞击也可以是意外的及产生痛苦的: I banged my elbow on the corner of the table. 我的胳膊肘撞着桌子角了. 4 Bash is informal and means breaking or injuring something or somebody by hitting hard *bash 是口语用词, 意为猛力地撞毁某物或撞伤某人: The thieves bashed the woman over the head. 强盗猛击那女子的头部. * The car bashed into the tree. 汽车猛力撞着一棵树.

banger
[5bANE(r); 5bANl] n (Brit infml 口) 1 sausage 香肠. 2 firework made to explode with a loud noise 爆竹; 鞭炮. 3 noisy old car 噪声大的旧汽车.

bangle
[5bANgl; 5bANgl] n large decorative ring worn round the arm or ankle 手镯; 脚镯.

banian
(also banyan)[5bAniEn; 5bAnjEn] (also `banyan-tree) n Indian fig-tree whose branches come down to the ground and take root 榕树.

banish
[5bAniF; 5bAniF] v [Tn, Tn.pr] 1 ~ sb (from sth) send sb away, esp out of the country, as a punishment 放逐某人（尤指驱逐出境, 作为惩罚）: * He was banished (from his homeland) for life. 他被终生流放（他乡）. 2 ~ sth (from sth) drive (thoughts, etc) out (of the mind) （自心中）排除（想法等）: * banish fear 消除恐惧 * She banished all thoughts of a restful holiday (from her mind). 她（从心里）打消了过一个宁静假日的 想法. 派生： banishment n [U] state or process of being banished 流放: lifelong banishment 终身流放.

banister
[5bAnistE(r); 5bAnistl] n (usu pl 通常作复数) handrail of a stair and the upright poles supporting it 楼梯的扶手及其支柱: * children sliding down the banister(s) 沿楼梯扶手往下滑的孩子们. =>illus at staircase 见staircase之插图.

banjo
[5bAndVEu; 5bAndVo] n (pl ~s) stringed musical instrument with a long neck and a round body, played by plucking with the fingers 班卓琴（一种弦乐器, 长颈、 圆身, 用手指弹拨）.

bank
1[bANk; bANk] n 1 land sloping up along each side of a river or canal; ground near a river 河边的斜坡; 河边的土地; 河岸; 河畔: * Can you jump over to the opposite bank? 你能跳到对岸吗? * My house is on the south bank (of the river). 我家座落在（河的）南岸. =>Usage at coast1 用法见 coast1. 2 sloping ground, often forming a border or division （通常为形成边界或分界线的）坡地: * low banks of earth between rice-fields 稻田之间的地埂; 田埂 * flowers growing on the banks on each side of the country lanes 乡间小路两旁斜坡上长的花. 3 = sand (sandbank). 4 flat-topped mass of cloud, snow, etc, esp one formed by the wind 顶部平坦的云堆、 雪堆等（尤指由风吹成的）: * The sun went behind a bank of clouds. 太阳钻到云堆里去了.

bankrupt
[5bANkrQpt; 5bANkrQpt] n (law 律) person judged by a lawcourt to be unable to pay his debts in full, whose property is then taken by the court and used to repay his creditors 破产者. 派生： bankrupt adj 1 (a) (law 律) declared by a court to be a bankrupt 经法院宣判为破产的. (b) unable to pay one's debts 无力还债的: go/be bankrupt 破产. 2 ~ (of sth) (derog 贬) completely lacking (in sth that is good) 完全缺乏（某种良好事物）: bankrupt of ideas, moral scruples 毫无主意、 道德上的约束 * a society that is morally bankrupt 道德沦丧的社会. bankrupt v [Tn] make (sb) bankrupt 使（某人）破产. bankruptcy[5bANkrEpsi; 5bANkrEpsi] n (a) [U] state of being bankrupt 破产（的状况）: * [attrib 作定语] in the bankruptcy court 在破产审理法庭. (b) [C] instance of this 破产: * Ten bankruptcies were recorded in this town last year. 去年这个城镇有十起破产事件.

banner
[5bAnE(r); 5bAnl] n 1 large strip of cloth showing an emblem or slogan, which is displayed or carried, usu on two poles, during eg political or religious processions （显示某种标志或口号的布制的）横幅（通常用两根竿子撑开或握举, 见於如政治或宗教的游行行列中）: * The marchers carried banners with the words `No Nuclear Weapons' in large letters. 游行者打着横幅, 上有大字‘禁止使用核武器’. =>illus at flag 见flag之插图. 2 (dated 旧) flag 旗帜: * the banner of freedom 自由的旗帜. 3 [attrib 作定语] (US) excellent 极佳的: * a banner year for exports 出口情况最好的一年. 4 (idm 习语) under the banner (of sth) claiming to support (a particular set of ideas) 声称拥护（某套主张）: * She fought the election under the banner of equal rights. 她打着平等的旗号参加了竞选. 复合： ,banner `headline (also streamer) large newspaper headline, often printed across a whole page （报纸的）大标题（常为通栏的）.

banns
[bAnz; bAnz] n [pl] public announcement in church that two people intend to marry each other （教堂里的）结婚预告: * read/publish the banns 阅读[公布]结婚预告 * have one's banns called, ie have one's forthcoming marriage announced 请求公布结婚预告.

banquet
[5bANkwit; 5bANkwit] n elaborate formal meal, usu for a special event, at which speeches are often made 宴会, 盛宴（通常指为某事, 常有致辞）: * a `wedding banquet 婚宴. 派生： banquet v 1 [Tn] give a banquet for (sb) 宴请（某人）. 2 [I] take part in a banquet 参加宴会.

banshee
[bAn'Fi:; - 'bAnFi:; 5bAnFi] n (esp Irish 尤用於爱尔兰) female spirit with a distinctive wail, thought by some to warn of death in a house 报丧女妖（以特有的哭声预示某家有丧事）.

bantam
[5bAntEm; 5bAntEm] n type of small domestic fowl 矮脚鸡: * [attrib 作定语] bantam cocks 矮脚公鸡.

bantamweight
[5bAntEmweit; 5bAntEm7wet] n 1 boxer weighing between 51 and 53.5 kilograms, next above flyweight 最轻量级拳击手（体重在51和53.5公斤之间, 仅高於特轻量级）. 2 wrestler weighing between 52 and 57 kilograms 次轻量级 跤运动员（体重在52和57公斤之间）.

banter
[5bAntE(r); 5bAntl] n [U] playful, good-humoured teasing 打趣; 戏谑; 玩笑: * players exchanging light-hearted banter with the crowd 跟观众开轻松玩笑的演员. 派生： banter v [I] speak playfully or jokingly 打趣; 戏谑; 开玩笑. bantering adj playfully teasing 开玩笑的: a bantering tone of voice 开玩笑的口气. banteringly adv.

Bantu
[7bAn'tu:; - also 'ba:ntu:; 5bAn'tu, 'ban'tu] n the Bantu (also the Bantus) [pl] large group of related Negroid peoples of central and S Africa 班图人（非洲中部和南部人数众多的黑人部族）. 派生： Bantu adj of these peoples or their languages 班图人的; 班图语的.

banyan
= banian.

baobab
[5beiEbAb; - 'baubAb; 5bau7bAb] n African tree with a very thick trunk and large fruit with edible pulp 猴面包树（产於非洲, 树干极粗, 果大, 果肉可供食用）.

baptism
[5bAptizEm; 5bAptizEm] n 1 (a) [U] ceremony marking a person's admission into the Christian Church either by dipping him in water or by sprinkling him with water, and often giving him a name or names 洗礼, 浸礼（基督教的入教仪式）. (b) [C] instance of this 洗礼; 浸礼: * There were six baptisms at this church last week. 上星期这个教堂为六个人施行了洗礼. 2 (idm 习语) a,baptism of `fire (a) soldier's first experience of warfare战火的洗礼（指士兵初次上阵）. (b) introduction to an unpleasant experience 初次的不愉快经历: * a young teacher facing her baptism of fire 面对初登讲台考验的年轻女教师. 派生： baptismal/bAp'tizmEl; bAp'tizml] adj [attrib 作定语] of or related to baptism 洗礼的; 与洗礼有关的: * a baptismal name, font 洗礼名、 洗礼盆 * baptismal water 洗礼水.

Baptist
[5bAptist; 5bAptist] n, adj (member) of a Protestant Church that believes in baptism by immersion at an age when a person is old enough to understand what the ceremony means 浸礼会的; 浸礼会教徒.

baptize, baptise
[bAp'taiz; bAp'taiz] v [Tn, Cn.n esp passive 尤用於被动语态] 1 give baptism to (sb); christen 为（某人）施洗礼; 洗礼时命名: * She was baptized Mary. 她受洗礼时被命名为玛丽. 2 admit into a specified church by baptism 以洗礼方式使加入某教会: * I was baptized a Catholic. 我曾受洗礼成为天主教徒. Cf 参看 christen.

bar
1[ba:(r); bar] n 1 [C] (a) piece of solid material 棒; 条: * a long iron bar 长铁条 * a bar of chocolate, soap 一条巧克力、 肥皂. (b) narrow piece of wood or metal placed (often parallel to others in a grid) as an obstacle in a doorway, window, etc, or to act as a grate in a fire, furnace, etc （门窗等的）闩或 ; （炉灶等的）格栅: * There's a strong bar on the door. 门上有一个很坚固的闩. * They fitted bars to their windows to stop burglars getting in. 他们在窗户上加了窗条以防盗贼进入. 2 [C] narrow band (of colour, light, etc) （色、 光等的）带, 条: * At sunset, there was a bar of red across the western sky. 日落时, 西边天空有一道红晖. 3 [C] strip of metal across the ribbon of a military medal to show service in a particular area or an additional award of that medal 军功奖章绶带上面的金属横条, 表示曾在某地区服役或曾再次获得该奖章. 4 [C] (a) vertical line dividing printed music into sections of equal value in time 乐谱上划分各小节的垂直线; 小节线. (b) one of these sections and the notes in it 乐谱的一个小节: * Hum the opening bars of your favourite tune. 哼一哼你喜爱的曲子的开头几个小节. =>illus at musical 见musical之插图. 5 [C] (a) bank or ridge of sand, etc across the mouth of a river or the entrance to a bay （河口或海湾入口处的）沙洲: * The ship stuck fast on the bar. 那船牢牢地搁浅在沙洲上. (b) (usu sing 通常作单数) (fig 比喻) thing that hinders or stops progress; barrier 影响或阻碍进步的事物; 障碍: * Poor health may be a bar to success in life. 健康不佳可能成为人一生中取得成功的障碍. 6 [sing] barrier in a lawcourt separating the judge, prisoner, lawyers, etc from the spectators （法庭上将法官、 囚犯、 律师等与听众隔开的）围栏: * the prisoner at the bar 受审讯的刑事被告 * (fig 比喻) She will be judged at the bar of public opinion. 她将受到舆论的制裁.

bar mitzvah
[7ba: 'mitsvE; 7bar 'mitsvE] 1 Jewish boy who has reached the age of 13, when he assumes the religious responsibilities of an adult 年满13岁开始尽成年人之宗教义务的犹太男子. 2 ceremony at which he does this 犹太男子的成年礼.

bar1
7 [sing] (a) (Brit) railing where non-members of Parliament stand when answering or addressing members （国会中非议员在接受议员的谘询时立於其後的）栏杆. (b) (US) similar place in the US Senate, House of Representatives, and State Legislatures （美国参议院、 众议院以及州议会中的）非议员席. 8 the bar [Gp, sing] (a) (Brit) (all those who belong to) the profession of barrister 律师的职业; 律师界: * She's training for the bar. 她正在接受当律师的培训. * be called to the bar, ie be received into the profession of barrister 获得律师资格. (b) (US) (all those who belong to) the legal profession 法律专业（人士）; 法律界. 9 [C] (a) counter where (esp alcoholic) drinks are served 卖饮料（尤指酒类）的柜台; 酒吧: * sitting on a stool by the bar 坐在卖酒柜台前的凳子上. (b) room in a hotel, public house, etc in which such drinks are served （旅馆、 客栈等的）酒吧间: * They walked into the bar. 他们走进了酒吧间. 10 [C] (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) (a) place where certain types of food and drink are served across a counter 通过柜台出售某类食品和饮料的处所: * a `sandwich bar * a `coffee bar * a `wine bar. (b) counter offering certain services 提供某些服务的柜台: * a `heel bar, ie where the heels, etc of shoes are repaired. 11 (idm 习语) be,hind `bars (infml 口) in prison 被关押; 坐牢: * The murderer is now safely behind bars. 杀人犯现在已被关押, 不能为害了. 复合： ,bar `billiards indoor game like billiards in which balls are aimed at holes in the table 一种类似弹子戏的室内游戏（玩时将台上的球击入孔内）. `bar chart (also histogram) graph on which bars of equal width but varying height are used to represent quantities 条形图（一种统计图表, 系以等宽而不等高的竖条表示数量）. =>illus at chart 见chart之插图. `bar code pattern of thick and thin parallel lines printed on goods in shops, etc and containing coded information for a computer 条形码（印在商品上的粗细不同的平行线条, 含有计算机使用的代码信息）.

bar2
`barmaid n woman who serves drinks, etc at a bar 酒吧间女服务员. `barman[-mEn; -mEn] n (pl -men[-mEn; -mEn] ) man who serves drinks, etc at a bar 酒吧间男服务员. `bartender n (esp US) = barman.

barb
[ba:b; barb] n 1 point of an arrow, a fish-hook, etc curved backwards to make it difficult to pull out （箭、 鱼钩等的）倒钩. =>illus at hook 见hook之插图. 2 (fig 比喻) hurtful remark 伤人的话: * cruel barbs of ridicule 挖苦人的刺耳言语. 派生： barbed adj having a barb or barbs 有倒钩的; 有倒刺的: a barbed hook 带倒钩的钩子 * (fig 比喻) barbed comments 刺人的话. barbed wire wire with short sharp points along it, used for fences, etc 刺钢丝（用作铁丝网等）: The barbed wire fence round the perimeter discouraged intruders. 周围有铁丝网阻止了外人闯入.

barbarian
[ba:'beEriEn; bar'beriEn] n, adj (often derog 常作贬义) (person who is) primitive, coarse or cruel 野蛮的, 粗鲁的或残忍的（人）: * barbarian tribes 原始部落 * football supporters acting like barbarians 足球场上举止粗野的呐喊助威者.

barbaric
[ba:'bArik; bar'bArik] adj (often derog 常作贬义) of or like barbarians; extremely wild, rough, cruel or rude 野蛮人的; 野蛮的; 极其粗野、 粗鲁、 残忍或残暴的: * barbaric splendour, cruelty, taste 野蛮人的奇观、 残忍、 趣味. > barbarically[-kli; -kli] adv.

barbarism
[5ba:bErizEm; 5barbE7rizEm] n 1 [U] (derog 贬) state of being uncivilized, ignorant, or rude 未开化的、 愚昧的或粗野的状态. 2 [U, C] (use of a) word or expression that is unacceptable, usu because it is foreign or vulgar 不规范的词语（通常因是外来语或鄙俗语）; 不规范词语的运用: * teaching students to rid their writing of barbarisms 教学生在写作中避免使用不规范的词语.

barbarity
[ba:'bArEti; bar'bArEti] n (a) [U] savage cruelty 残酷; 残暴. (b) [C] instance of this 暴行: * the barbarities of modern warfare 现代战争之残酷.

barbarize, barbarise
[5ba:bEraiz; 5barbE7raiz] v [Tn] make (sb) barbarous 使（某人）野蛮; 使（某人）粗野.

barbarous
[5ba:bErEs; 5barbErEs] adj (derog 贬) 1 unrefined in taste, habits, etc （趣味、 习惯等）粗俗的: * barbarous sounds 粗声粗气. 2 cruel or savage 残忍的; 残暴的: * barbarous cruelty, treatment 残暴的行为、 对待 * barbarous soldiers 残暴的士兵. > barbarously adv. barbarousness n [U].

barbecue
[5ba:bikju:; 5barbi7kju] n 1 [C] metal frame for cooking meat, etc over an open fire （在篝火上烤肉等用的）金属烤架. 2 [C] outdoor party at which food is cooked in this way and eaten （吃烤肉等的）野餐. 3 [U] food cooked in this way 烤的食物. 派生： barbecue v [Tn] cook (meat, etc) on a barbecue 在烤架上烤（肉等）: barbecued chicken 烤鸡.

barber
[5ba:bE(r); 5barbl] n person whose trade is cutting men's hair and shaving them （给男子剪发和刮胡子的）理发师: * I'm going to the barber's (shop) to get my hair cut. 我要去理发店理发. Cf 参看 hairdresser (hair). 复合： `barber-shop n (US) place where a barber works 理发店. adj [attrib 作定语] (US) of a type of music for four unaccompanied male voices singing in close harmony 男声四重唱的: a barber-shop quartet 男声四重唱. ,barber's `pole pole with red and white spiral stripes, used as a barber's sign 理发店旋转立柱（上有红白螺旋条纹, 用作理发店的标志）.

barbiturate
[ba:'bitjurEt; 7bar'bitjurEt] n any of a group of sedative drugs 巴比土酸盐（一种镇静剂）: * He died from an overdose of barbiturates. 他因服用过量巴比土而死亡. * [attrib 作定语] barbiturate poisoning 巴比土中毒.

barcarole
[7ba:kE'rEul, -'rCl; 5barkE7rol] n piece of music, esp for the piano, with a steady lilting rhythm 船歌（一种乐曲, 尤指一种节奏徐缓轻快活泼的钢琴曲）.

bard
[ba:d; bard] n 1 (esp Celtic) minstrel （尤指凯尔特民族的）吟游诗人. 2 (arch 古) poet 诗人: * the Bard (of Avon), ie Shakespeare 莎士比亚的别称. > bardic adj.

bare
1[beE(r); ber] adj (-r, -st) 1 (a) without clothing 裸露的: * bare legs 光腿 * bare to the waist, ie wearing no clothes above the waist 裸露上身. (b) without the usual covering or protection 缺少遮盖的; 没有保护的: * bare floors, ie without carpets, rugs, etc 光地板（无地毯等的） * a bare hillside, ie one without shrubs or trees 光秃的山坡（没有树木的山坡） * trees that are already bare, ie that have already lost their leaves 光秃了的树木（树叶已落光的） * with his head bare, ie not wearing a hat 他光着头（未戴帽） * with one's bare hands, ie without tools or weapons 赤手（未带工具或武器）. 2 ~ (of sth) empty or almost empty (of the expected contents) （指不该空者）空的, 几乎空了的: * a room bare of furniture 空无家具的房间 * a larder bare of food 空空如也的食品柜 * bare shelves 空无一物的架子. 3 [attrib 作定语] only just sufficient; basic 仅够的; 基本的: * the bare necessities of life, ie things needed merely to stay alive 最低限度的生活必需品 * a bare majority, ie a very small one 勉强超过半数 * the bare facts, ie without any additional comment or detail 事实真相（无评论或细节）. 4 (idm 习语) the bare `bones (of sth) main or basic facts (of some matter or situation) （某事或某情况的）梗概, 概要. lay sth `bare expose or make known sth secret or hidden 揭露; 揭发: * lay bare the truth, sb's treachery, a plot 揭露真相、 某人的背叛行为、 阴谋. 派生： barely adv 1 only just; scarcely 仅够; 几乎没有: We barely had time to catch the train. 我们几乎来不及赶火车. * He can barely read or write. 他勉强识字. 2 in a bare way 赤裸裸地; 光秃秃地; 空空地: The room was barely furnished, ie had little furniture in it. 室内几乎没有陈设可言. bareness n [U]. 复合： `bareback adj, adv on a horse without a saddle 不用马鞍（的）: a bareback rider 不用马鞍的骑手

bare1
* ride bareback 骑马不用马鞍. `barefaced adj [attrib 作定语] impudent; shameless 厚颜无耻的; 不要脸的: a barefaced lie 无耻的谎言 * It's barefaced robbery asking such a high price for that old bicycle! 那辆旧自行车要价如此之高真是无耻的敲诈. `barefoot (also ,bare`footed) adj, adv without shoes or stockings 赤脚（的）: children running barefoot in the sand 光着脚在沙地上跑的孩子们. ,bare`headed adj, adv not wearing a hat 光着头（的）; 不戴帽（的）. ,bare`legged[-'legd, -'legid; -'legd] adj, adv wearing nothing on one's legs 光着腿（的）.

bargain
1[5ba:gin; 5bargin] n 1 agreement in which both or all sides promise to do sth for each other 协议（双方或各方约定彼此要为对方做的事项）: * If you promote our goods, we will give you a good discount as our part of the bargain. 若你方经销我们的货物, 我方愿给予你相当大的优惠作为回报. * The bargain they reached with their employers was to reduce their wage claim in return for a shorter working week. 他们与雇主达成的协议是他们在工资方面降低要求, 但每周工时要缩短. 2 thing bought or sold for less than its usual price 廉价购买或廉价出售之物: * It's a bargain, ie It is very good value for money. 这可是便宜货 * [attrib 作定语] a bargain price, ie a low price 廉价. 3 (idm 习语) a bad `bargain (a) agreement that is more beneficial to the other side(s) than to oneself 对方占便宜的协议; 吃亏的交易. (b) thing bought because it was thought cheap but which one later regrets buying 後悔当初不该买的便宜货. drive a hard bargain => drive1. a good `bargain (a) agreement that is more beneficial to oneself than to the other side(s) 自己占便宜的协议; 上算的交易: * You've got a good bargain there. 你做了一笔很上算的交易. (b) thing, usu valuable, bought at a very low price 以极其便宜的价格购得之物（通常指值钱的物品）. into the `bargain; US also in the `bargain (infml 口) in addition; moreover 加之; 此外: * She was a distinguished scientist and a gifted painter into the bargain. 她是一位杰出的科学家--同时还是一位很有才华的画家呢. strike a bargain => strike2. 复合： `bargain counter part of a store where goods are offered for sale at reduced prices （商店的）廉价品柜台, 廉价部. `bargain-hunter n person looking for goods at very low prices 专拣便宜货的人.

bargaining
[5ba:giniN; 5barginiN] n [U] discussion of prices, terms of trade, etc 讨价还价; 洽谈成交条件等: * After much hard bargaining we reached an agreement. 经过激烈的讨价还价, 我们终於达成了协议. 复合： `bargaining counter special advantage that can be used to outweigh an advantage possessed by an opponent 特殊的、 足以压倒对方的优势: Ownership of the land gives us a strong bargaining counter. 领有这片土地使我们在谈判中处於优势. `bargaining position position, favourable or unfavourable,reached when bargaining 讨价还价时所达到的有利或不利的地位: We're now in a rather poor bargaining position. 我们现在所处的谈判地位不太有利.

barge
1[ba:dV; bardV] n 1 large flat-bottomed boat for carrying goods and people on rivers, canals, etc 驳船（河流、 运河等中载运客货的大型平底船）. 2 large ornamental rowing-boat for ceremonial occasions （举行庆典时使用的）大型彩饰划艇, 画舫. 派生： bargee/ba:'dVi:; 7bar'dVi] n (Brit) (US bargeman)(a) person in charge of a barge 驳船或大划艇上撑船的人. (b) member of a barge's crew 驳船或大划艇的船夫. 复合： `barge-pole n 1 long pole used for guiding a barge 驳船上用的撑篙. 2 (idm 习语) not touch sb/sth with a barge-pole => touch2.

baritone
[5bAritEun; 5bArE7ton] n (music 音) 1 male voice between tenor and bass 男中音. 2 singer with such a voice 男中音歌手: * [attrib 作定语] a baritone aria 男中音独唱曲.

barium
[5beEriEm; 5beriEm] n [U] chemical element, a soft silvery-white metal the compounds of which are used in industry 钡. =>App 10 见附录10. 复合： ,barium `meal chemical substance, opaque to X-rays, that is taken in to a patient's digestive tract, usu by swallowing, before the tract is X-rayed 钡餐.

bark
1[ba:k; bark] n [U, C] tough outer covering of tree trunks and branches 树皮. 派生： bark v [Tn] 1 remove the bark from (a tree) 剥去（某棵树的）树皮. 2 accidentally scrape the skin off (one's knuckles, knees, etc) 不慎擦破（指节、 膝盖等的）皮肤: He barked his shins (by falling) against some stone steps. 他在石头台阶上（跌倒了,）擦破了小腿的皮.

barker
[5ba:kE(r); 5barkl] n (infml 口) person who stands by a stall at a fair, a market, an auction, etc and shouts loudly to attract customers （在集市、 市场、 拍卖场所等处站在货摊旁）大声叫卖的贩子.

barley
[5ba:li; 5barli] n [U] (grass-like plant producing) grain used for food and for making beer and whisky 大麦; 大麦粒. =>illus at cereal 见cereal之插图. 复合： `barleycorn n [U] grain of barley 大麦粒. `barley sugar hard clear sweet2(1) made from boiled sugar 大麦糖（糖溶化後制成的一种硬而透明的糖果）. `barley water (Brit) drink, sometimes flavoured, made by boiling barley in water and then straining it 大麦汁（将大麦用水煮後过滤而制成的饮料, 有时加入调料）: lemon barley water 柠檬大麦汁.

barmy
[5ba:mi; 5barmi] (also esp US balmy) adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) foolish; crazy 愚蠢的; 疯狂的.

barn
[ba:n; barn] n 1 simple building for storing hay, grain, etc on a farm （农场里储存乾草、 谷物等的）仓房. 2 (fig derog 比喻, 贬) any unattractive large building 不顺眼的大建 物: * They live in that great barn of a house. 他们住在那所简陋的大房子里. 3 (US) (a) building for sheltering farm animals, eg cows or horses 牲口棚舍（如牛栏或马厩）. (b) building for a fleet of buses, vans, etc （公共汽车、 货车等的）车库. 复合： `barn dance 1 type of traditional country dance 谷仓舞（一种传统的乡村舞蹈）. 2 informal social occasion at which such dances are performed 谷仓舞会. barn-`owl n type of owl that often nests in barns and other buildings 仓 （一种常在谷仓及其他建 物上 巢的猫头鹰）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page iv. `barnyard n area on a farm around a barn 农场谷仓周围的空地.

barnacle
[5ba:nEkl; 5barnEkl] n small shellfish that attaches itself to objects under water, eg rocks or the bottoms of ships 藤壶（附着於水下物体如岩石或船底的小甲壳动物）: * (fig 比喻) He clung to his mother like a barnacle, ie followed her closely everywhere. 他形影不离地跟着母亲.

barnstorm
[5ba:nstC:m; 5barn7stCrm] v [I] (US) travel quickly through rural areas making political speeches, presenting plays, etc 下乡作巡回政治演说; 下乡作巡回演出. > `barnstormer n.

baron
[5bArEn; 5bArEn] n 1 member of the lowest rank of the British peerage (called Lord X) or of non-British nobility (called Baron Y) 男爵（英国贵族的最低一级成员, 称为 Lord X; 非英国贵族的此一级成员, 称为 Baron Y）. 2 powerful and wealthy leader of industry 工业巨头: * a `press baron 报业大王 * `oil barons 石油大王. 派生： baroness[5bArEnis, also 7bArE'nes; 5bArEnis] n 1 woman holding the rank of baron in her own right 女男 爵. 2 wife of a baron 男爵夫人. baronial/bE'rEuniEl; bE'roniEl] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of or suitable for a baron 男爵的; 适合男爵身分的.

baronet
[5bArEnit; 5bArEnit] n (abbrs 缩写 Bart, Bt) member of the lowest hereditary titled order in Britain below a baron but above a knight 准男爵（英国世袭爵位中最低等级的受勋者, 地位在男爵之下爵士之上）: * Sir John Williams, Bart 约翰．威廉斯准男爵. 派生： baronetcy[5bArEnitsi; 5bArEnitsi] n rank or title of a baronet 准男爵的爵位或头衔.

baroque
[bE'rCk; - bE'rEuk; bE'rok] adj, n (of the) highly ornate style fashionable in the arts (esp architecture) in Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries 巴罗克风格, 巴罗克风格的（十七八世纪欧洲时兴的高度华丽的艺术风格, 尤指建 方面）.

barque
[ba:k; bark] n sailing-ship with 3, 4 or 5 masts and sails （叁桅、 四桅或五桅的）帆船.

barrack
[5bArEk; 5bArEk] v [I, Tn] (Brit or Austral infml 英或澳, 口) shout protests or jeer at (players in a game, speakers, performers, etc) 向（比赛者、 演讲者、 表演者等）喝倒采, 发出嘘声: * The crowd started barracking (the slow rate of play). 群众（对比赛的速度之慢）喝起了倒采. 派生： barracking n [C, U] noisy protest by an audience or spectators 听众或观众的鼓噪抗议: The crowd gave the visiting politician quite a barracking. 群众对这位来访的政客鼓噪抗议.

barracuda
[7bArE'ku:dE; 7bArE'kudE] n large fierce Caribbean fish 臝予（产於加勒比海的凶猛大鱼）.

barrage
[5bAra:V; - bE'ra:V; bE'raV] n 1 barrier built across a river to store water for irrigation, prevent flooding, etc 堰; 拦河坝. 2 (a) heavy continuous gunfire directed onto a particular area to restrict enemy movement 弹幕; 火力网: * lay down a barrage 布设火力网. (b) (fig 比喻) large number (of questions, criticisms, etc) delivered quickly, one after the other 连珠炮似的一大堆（问题、 批评等）: * face a barrage of angry complaints 面对一连串愤怒的投诉.

barrel
[5bArEl; 5bArEl] n 1 (a) large round container with flat ends and bulging in the middle, made of wood, metal or plastic 桶; 琵琶桶. =>illus 见插图. (b) amount that a barrel contains 一桶的量. 2 long metal tube forming part of sth, esp a gun or a pen （物体某部的）金属管（尤指枪管或笔管）. =>illus at gun 见gun之插图. 3 (idm 习语) lock, stock and barrel => lock2. (get/have sb) over a barrel (infml 口) (have sb) at one's mercy; in a helpless position （使某人）听从摆布; 束手无策. scrape the barrel => scrape1. 派生： barrel v (-ll-; US -l-) [Tn] put (sth) in a barrel or barrels 将（某物）装入桶中. 复合： `barrel-organ n mechanical instrument from which music is produced by turning a handle, usu played in the streets for money 手摇风琴.

barren
[5bArEn; 5bArEn] adj 1 (of land) not good enough to produce crops （指土地）贫瘠的. 2 (of plants or trees) not producing fruit or seeds （指花草或树木）不结果的, 不结实的. 3 (dated or fml 旧或文) (of women or female animals) unable to bear young （指妇女或雌性动物）, . 4 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (fig 比喻) without value, interest or result 无价值、 趣味或结果的: * a barren discussion 毫无意义的讨论. > barrenness[5brEnnis; 5bArEnnis] n [U].

barricade
[7bAri5keid; 7bArE'ked] n barrier hastily built as a defence or an obstacle 匆匆设置的壁垒或路障: * The soldiers stormed the barricades erected by the rioting crowd. 士兵们向暴乱分子设置的街垒发起了猛攻. 派生： barricade v (phr v) barricade sb in (sth)[out (of sth) keep sb in/out by making a barricade 设障碍物使某人不得进入[外出]: They barricaded themselves in (their rooms). 他们把自己关在（自己的屋子）里面. barricade sth off block (eg a street) with a barricade 用障碍物封锁（例如一条街）: The police barricaded off the entrance to the square. 警方在广场的入口处设置了路障.

barrier
[5bAriE(r); 5bAril] n 1 (a) thing that prevents or controls progress or movement 阻碍进步或控制活动的事物: * The Sahara Desert is a natural barrier between North and Central Africa. 撒哈拉沙漠是北非与中非之间的天然屏障. * Show your ticket at the barrier. 请在检票处出示票以备查验. (b) (fig 比喻) hindrance 障碍; 妨碍: * Poor health may be a barrier to success. 健康欠佳可能成为取得成功的障碍. 2 thing that keeps people apart 使人隔离的事物: * barriers of race and religion 种族和宗教的鸿沟 * the language barrier 语言的隔阂. 复合： barrier `cream cream used for protecting skin from damage or infection 护肤脂（用以防止皮肤受损伤或受感染）. barrier `reef coral reef separated from land by a channel 堡礁, 堤礁.

barring
[5ba:riN; 5bariN] prep not including or allowing for (sth); if there is/are not 如果没有躱某事物躣: * Barring accidents, we should arrive on time. 倘无意外, 我们应准时到达. Cf 参看 bar3 1.

barrister
[5bAristE(r); 5bAristl] n (in English law) lawyer who has the right to speak and argue as an advocate in higher lawcourts （英国法律中）（有权在高等法院出庭辩论的）律师; 讼务律师. Cf 参看 advocate n 2, solicitor 1.

barrow
1[5bArEu; 5bAro] n 1 = wheelbarrow (wheel). 2 small cart with two wheels, pulled or pushed by hand 两轮手推车. 复合： `barrow boy person who sells things from a barrow in the street 街头推车小贩.

Bart
[ba:t; bart] abbr 缩写 = Baronet.

barter
[5ba:tE(r); 5bartl] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (for sth); ~ sth (away) exchange (goods, property, etc) for other goods, etc without using money 以（货物、 财产等）交换其他货物等（不使用货币）: * barter wheat for machinery 以小麦换机器 * (fig 比喻) barter away one's rights, honour, freedom 出卖自己的权利、 荣誉、 自由. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb) (for sth) trade by exchanging sth for sth else without using money 进行易货贸易; 以货易货; 作物物交换: * The prisoners tried to barter with the guards for their freedom. 囚犯企图跟看守做换取自由的交易. 派生： barter n [U] exchange of goods for other goods without using money 易货贸易; 以货易货; 物物交换: On these islands a system of barter is used. 在这些岛上仍然实行着物物交换的制度.

bas
relief

basalt
[ 5bAsR:lt; ?@ 5beIsR:lt, bE5sR:lt; `besRlt, bE`sRlt] n [U] type of dark rock of volcanic origin 玄武岩.

base
1[beis; bes] n 1 (a) lowest part of sth, esp the part on which it rests or is supported （某物的）底部; （尤指）底座, 基底: * the base of a pillar, column, etc 柱基等. (b) (geometry 几) line or surface on which a figure stands 底边; 底面: * the base of a triangle, pyramid, etc 叁角形的底边、 角锥体的底面等. (c) (fig 比喻) starting-point; underlying principle 起点; 基本原则: * She used her family's history as a base for her novel. 她把她一家人的经历作为她小说的蓝本. * His arguments had a sound economic base. 他的立论在经济方面是有充分根据的. 2 (chemistry 化) substance (eg an alkali) capable of combining with an acid to form a salt 可与酸化合成盐的物质（如硷）; 盐基. 3 main part or ingredient to which other things are added 混合配料的主要成分: * a drink with a rum base 以朗姆酒为主要成分的饮料 * Some paints have an oil base. 有些颜料是以油脂作为主要成分. * Put some moisturizer on as a base before applying your make-up. 使用化妆品之前先用点润肤脂打底. 4 place at which armed forces, expeditions, etc have their stores （军队、 探险队等的）基地, 根据地: * a `naval base 海军基地 * an `air base 空军基地 * [attrib 作定语] a base camp, eg for a mountaineering expedition 大本营（如为登山队所建者） * establish, set up a base 建立、 设立根据地. 5 (mathematics 数) number on which a numerical system is built up, eg 10 in the decimal system, 2 in the binary system 基数（如十进制系统以10为基数, 二进制系统以2为基数）. 6 (in baseball) each of the four positions to be reached by a runner （棒球）垒. =>illus at baseball 见baseball之插图. 7 (idm 习语) not get to first base => first base (first1). off base (US infml 口) (a) mistaken 错误的: * You're a bit off base there. 你在那个地方有点不对头. (b) unprepared 毫无准备的: * Her reply caught him off base. 她的答覆使他不知所措.

base1
派生： baseless adj without cause or foundation 无原因的; 无根据的: baseless fears, rumours, suspicions 无根据的恐慌、 谣言、 怀疑. 复合： `baseboard n (US) = skirt (skirting-board). `base hit (also single) (in baseball) hit that enables a batter to reach first base （棒球）安全打（使击球手能上第一垒的击球）. `baseline n (sport 体) line marking each end of the court in tennis or the boundary of the running track in baseball （网球场的）底线; （棒球场的）垒线. =>illus at tennis 见tennis之插图. `base rate (finance 财) interest rate used by individual banks as a basis for fixing their interest rates for borrowers and investors 基本利率（银行各自使用的利率, 据此而定出适用於贷款者和投资者的利率）.

baseball
[5beisbC:l; 5bes7bCl] n [U] game popular in the USA, played with a bat and ball by two teams of nine players each on a field with four bases (base1 6) 棒球运动: * [attrib 作定语] a baseball pitch 棒球投掷. =>App 4 见附录4. =>illus 见插图. Cf 参看 rounders.

basement
[5beismEnt; 5besmEnt] n lowest room or rooms in a building, partly or wholly below ground level 地下室.

bash
[bAF; bAF] v (infml 口) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] strike (sb/sth) heavily so as to break or injure 猛击（某人[某物]）: * bash sb on the head with a club 用棍棒猛击某人头部. 2 [Ipr, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) against/into sb/sth (cause sth to) collide violently with sb/sth （使某物）猛撞某人[某物]: * He tripped and bashed his head against the railing. 他跌了一跤, 头部撞在栏杆上了. 3 (phr v) bash ahead/away/on (with sth) continue doing sth quickly and enthusiastically, but not carefully 勤快地做着某事（但不细心）. bash sth in/down cause sth to collapse inwards by striking it violently 猛击某物使之向内塌陷: * bash in the lid of a box 砸瘪盒盖 * They bashed the door down. 他们砸倒了房门. bash sb up (Brit infml 口) treat sb violently 以暴力对待某人: * He was bashed up in the playground by some older boys. 有几个年龄较大的男孩子在操场上对他动武. 派生： bash n 1 (infml 口) violent blow 猛烈的打击: give sb a bash on the nose 照着某人的鼻子狠狠一击. 2 (idm 习语) have a bash (at sth) (infml 口) attempt sth (usu sth previously untried) 尝试做某事（通常为以往不曾试过的）: I've never tried water-skiing before, but I'd love to have a bash at it. 我以前从未做过滑水运动, 但是我倒愿意试一试. bashing n [U, C] (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) violent attack (often on members of specific groups) 猛烈的攻击（通常施加於一定团体的成员）: union-bashing, ie the practice of trying to discredit a trade union by fierce criticism, etc 对工会的猛烈攻击（指企图以激烈的攻击性言论等破坏工会名声的行动） * give sb a bashing 给某人一顿痛打. =>Usage at bang1 用法见 bang1.

bashful
[5bAFfl; 5bAFfEl] adj shy and self-conscious 害羞的; 难为情的. > bashfully[-fEli; -fEli] adv. bashfulness n [U].

basic
[5beisik; 5besik] adj 1 ~ (to sth) forming a base or starting-point; fundamental 基本的; 根本的; 基础的: * argue from basic principles 从基本原则出发的争论 * the basic vocabulary of a language, ie those words that must be learnt 一种语言的基本词汇（即必须掌握的语词） * These facts are basic to an understanding of the case. 这些事实是了解这一案件的重要依据. 2 simplest or lowest in level; standard 初级的; 基本的; 标准的: * basic pay, ie without extras such as overtime payments 基本工资（不包括超时费等额外收入） * our basic requirements 我们的基本需求 * My knowledge of physics is pretty basic, ie is only at the elementary level. 我的物理知识相当浮浅. 派生： basically[-kli; -kli] adv with reference to essential matters (which are often seen as different from what is superficially apparent); fundamentally 基本上; 根本上; 本质上: * Despite her criticisms, she is basically very fond of you. 别看她批评你, 她其实很喜欢你. * Basically I agree with your proposals, but there are a few small points I'd like to discuss. 我基本上同意你的建议, 但是有几个小问题有待商榷. basics n [pl] essential matters 实质性的东西: Let's stop chatting and get down to basics, ie concentrate on important matters. 我们别再闲聊了, 静下心来干些要紧的事吧. 复合： basic `slag fertilizer containing phosphates obtained during the manufacture of steel 硷性炉渣（一种含磷酸盐的肥料, 为炼钢的副产品）.

basil
[5bAzl; 5bAzl] n [U] sweet-smelling herb used in cooking 罗勒（芳香的草本植物, 用於烹调）.

basilica
[bE'zilikE; bE'zilikE] n (architecture 建) large oblong-shaped church or hall with a double row of columns inside and an apse at one end 长方形的大教堂或大会堂（内有两行圆柱, 一端有半圆形殿堂）: * the Basilica of St Peter's in Rome 罗马的圣彼得大教堂.

basilisk
[5bAzilisk; 5bAsE7lisk] n 1 small tropical American lizard （热带美洲的）小蜥蜴. 2 mythical reptile said to be able to cause death by its look or breath （神话中的）蛇怪（传说其目光或气息可致命）.

basin
[5beisn; 5besn] n 1 = wash-basin (wash). 2 round open bowl for holding liquids or for preparing food in 盆. =>illus at bucket 见bucket之插图. 3 hollow place where water collects (eg a stone structure at the base of a fountain) 水洼; 水槽; 水池（如喷泉下方之石结构盛水池）. 4 deep, almost land-locked, harbour 几乎全部被陆地围绕的深港; 内湾: * a yacht basin 游艇的小港湾. 5 depression in the earth's surface; round valley 洼地; 盆地: * The village lay in a peaceful basin surrounded by hills. 那村庄座落在平静的山坳里. 6 area of land drained by a river 流域: * the Thames basin 泰晤士河流域. 派生： basinful[-ful; -ful] n amount that a basin contains 一盆的量: * two basinfuls of water 两盆水.

basis
[5beisis; 5besis] n (pl bases[5beisi:z; 5besiz] ) 1 main principle that underlies sth; foundation 构成某事物的主要原则; 基础: * the basis of morality, friendship, etc 道德、 友谊等的基础 * arguments that have a firm basis, ie that are founded on facts 有坚实基础（有事实根据）的论据 * Rates of work are calculated on a weekly basis. 工资是以周为计算基准的. 2 starting-point for a discussion 讨论的出发点: * No basis for negotiations has been agreed upon. 谈判以什麽为中心议题尚未取得一致意见. * This agenda will form the basis of our next meeting. 本议程将成为下次会议的中心议题.

bask
[ba:sk; - bAsk; bAsk] v [I, Ipr] ~ (in sth) sit or lie enjoying warmth 坐着或躺着取暖: * basking in the sunshine, by the fire, on the beach 在阳光下、 火炉旁、 海滩上取暖 * (fig 比喻) basking in sb's favour, approval, etc 受某人的恩惠、 嘉许等.

basket
[5ba:skit; - 'bAskit; 5bAskit] n 1 (a) container, usu made of material that bends and twists easily (eg reed, cane, wire), with or without a handle 篮, 篓, 筐（通常用易於编织的材料如芦苇 、 子、 金属丝等制成, 可有柄或无柄）: * a `shopping basket 购物篮子 * a `clothes basket 衣筐 * a ,waste-`paper basket 字纸篓. (b) amount that a basket contains 一篮、 篓或筐的量: * They picked three baskets of apples. 他们摘了叁筐苹果. 2 (idm 习语) put all one's eggs in/into one basket => egg1. > basketful[-ful; -ful] n = basket 1b. 复合： basketball[5ba:skitbC:l; - 'bAs-; 5bAskit7bCl] n [U] game played by two teams of five players in which goals are scored by throwing a large ball into an open-ended net fixed high on a hoop at the opponents' end of the court 篮球赛. =>App 4 见附录4. `basketwork n [U] (a) art of weaving material in the style of a basket 编篮筐的技艺. (b) material woven in this way 编成篮筐的材料: a fine piece of basketwork 精美的篮筐编织品.

bass
1[5bAs; bAs] n (pl unchanged or ~es 复数或不变或作 basses) any of several freshwater or sea fish of the perch family used as food 鲈鱼（淡水或海洋中产, 可食）: * a shoal of bass 鲈鱼群 * They caught three basses. 他们捉到叁条鲈鱼.

basset
[5bAsit; 5bAsit] (also `basset-hound) n short-legged dog used in hunting 矮腿猎犬.

bassinet
[7bAsi'net; 7bAsE'net] n baby's wicker cradle with a hood 有篷罩的柳条摇篮.

bassoon
[bE'su:n; bE'sun] n low-pitched woodwind instrument with a double reed 低音管, 巴松管（低音的双簧木管乐器）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page x.

bast
[bAst; bAst] n fibre from the inner bark of (esp lime) trees, used for tying and weaving baskets, mats, etc （得自树木的, 尤指菩提树的）内皮纤维（用於编结篮筐、 席子等）.

bastard
[5ba:stEd; - 'bAs-; 5bAstld] n 1 illegitimate child 私生子: * [attrib 作定语] a bastard child/daughter/son 私生儿[女/子]. 2 (sl derog 俚, 贬) (a) (usu male) person regarded with contempt; ruthless or cruel person （通常指男性）被人瞧不起的人, 冷酷无情的人, 残忍的人: * You rotten bastard! 你这下流坯! * He's a real bastard, leaving his wife in that way. 他真狠心, 弃妻子於不顾. (b) thing that causes difficulty, pain, etc 使人感到为难、 疼痛等的事物: * It's a bastard of a problem, this one. 这个问题真使人伤脑筋. * My headache's a real bastard. 我的头疼得真要命. 3 (sl 俚) (a) (used to address sb, usu a male friend, informally 用於称呼某人, 通常为男性朋友, 用於口语): * Harry, you old bastard! Fancy meeting you here! 哈利, 你这老家伙! 真没想到在这里遇见你! (b) (used for showing sympathy, usu about a man 用以表示同情, 通常用於男子) unfortunate fellow 不幸的人: * The poor bastard! He's just lost his job. 那可怜的家伙! 他刚失去了工作. 4 [usu attrib 通常作定语] not genuine or authentic; showing an odd mixture 不纯的; 不实的; 杂乱的: * a bastard style, language 混杂的文体、 语言. 派生： bastardize, -ise v [Tn] (used esp in the past participle 尤作过去分词) make (sth) less pure or authentic 使（某事物）不纯或失真: a bastardized form of English 英语的不规范的形式. bastardization, -isation n [U]. bastardy n [U] (law 律) state of being a bastard(1) 私生子地位.

baste
1[beist; best] v [Tn] sew (pieces of material) together with long temporary stitches 疏缝, 假缝, （用长针脚暂时缝合）.

bastinado
[7bAsti'na:dEu, -'neid-; 7bAstE'nedo] n (pl ~s) beating with a stick on the soles of the feet 笞 刑（用棍棒打脚掌）. 派生： bastinado v [Tn] punish or torture (sb) by beating in this way （对某人）施以笞 刑.

bastion
[5bAstiEn; 5bAstiEn] n 1 part of a fortification that projects from the rest 棱堡（防御工事的凸出部分）. 2 military stronghold near enemy territory 临近敌区的军事据点. 3 (fig 比喻) person or thing defending or protecting sth that is threatened 堡垒; 保护者; 保卫者; 捍卫者: * a bastion of democracy, freedom, etc 捍卫民主、 自由等的堡垒 * `The last bastions of privilege are crumbling,’ announced the speaker. 演讲者宣称: * ‘特权制度的最後一个堡垒正在崩溃.

bat
1[bAt; bAt] n 1 small mouse-like animal that flies atnight and feeds on fruit and insects 蝙蝠. =>illus at App 1见附录1之插图, page iii. 2 (idm 习语) blind as a bat => blind1. have ,bats in the `belfry (infml 口) be crazy; have strange ideas 古里古怪; 异想天开. like a ,bat out of `hell (infml 口) quickly; at top speed 迅速地; 以最高的速度: * He dashed around like a bat out of hell. 他发疯似的横冲直撞.

batch
[bAtF; bAtF] n 1 number of loaves, cakes, etc baked together （面包、 糕饼等的）一炉: * baked in batches of twenty 以二十个为一炉烘烤的. 2 number of people or things dealt with as a group （人或物的）一批: * a new batch of recruits for the army 一批新兵 * a batch of letters to be answered 待覆的一批信件. 3 (computing 计) set of jobs that are processed together by a computer with no input from individual terminals （计算机在终端停止输入的情况下汇集处理的）成批作业: * [attrib 作定语] a batch run 成批处理. 复合： ,batch `processing (computing 计) system of processing a batch of jobs as a group 成批处理的程序.

bated
[5beitid; 5betid] adj (idm 习语) with ,bated `breath holding one's breath anxiously or excitedly 因焦急或兴奋而屏住气息: * We waited with bated breath for the winner to be announced. 我们屏住呼吸等待宣布获胜者的姓名.

bath
[ba:W; - bAW; bAW] n (pl ~s/ba:Tz; - bTz; bATz] ) 1 [C] washing of the whole body, esp when sitting or lying in water 洗澡; 沐浴: * I shall have a hot bath and go to bed. 我要去洗个热水澡, 然後睡觉. * He takes a cold bath every morning. 他每天早晨都洗冷水澡. 2 [C] (a) (also `bath-tub, tub) large, usu oblong, container for water in which a person sits to have a bath 澡盆; 浴缸. (b) water placed in this ready for use 洗澡水: * Please run a bath for me. 请给我放一盆洗澡水. * Your bath is ready. 洗澡水给你准备好了. 3 [C] (container for) liquid in which sth is washed or dipped in chemical and industrial processes 化学及工业生产过程中用以洗涤或浸泡某物的液体; 盛此液体的容器: * an `oil bath, eg for parts of machinery 油槽（如用於浸洗机器零件的） * a bath of red dye 红染缸. 4 baths [pl] (a) (Brit) an indoor public swimming-pool 室内公共游泳池: * heated swimming-baths 加温的室内公共游泳池. (b) building where baths may be taken 澡堂; 浴室: * Turkish `baths 土耳其式浴室. 5 (idm 习语) throw the baby out with the bath water => baby. 派生： bath v (Brit) 1 [Tn] give a bath to (sb/sth) 给（某人）洗澡; 清洗（某物）: bath the baby 给婴儿洗澡. 2 [I] take a bath 洗澡: I bath every night. 我每晚洗澡. 复合： `bath mat small absorbent mat for a person to stand on after getting out of a bath 浴室脚垫（出浴後使用的有吸水性能的小脚垫）. `bathrobe (also robe) n 1 loose, usu towelling, garment worn before and after taking a bath 浴衣（浴前浴後穿用的宽松服装, 通常用毛巾布料缝制）. 2 (US) = dressing-gown (dressing). `bathroom n 1 (Brit sometimes euph 有时作委婉语) room in which there is a bath (and also usu a wash-basin and sometimes a toilet) 浴室; 盥洗室; 洗手间: Go and wash your hands in the bathroom. 去盥洗室把手洗乾净.

bath chair
[7ba:W 'tFeE(r); 5bAW7tFer] type of wheelchair for an invalid 伤残人使用的一种轮椅.

bath1
2 (US) (room with a) toilet 抽水马桶; （有抽水马桶的）厕所: I need to go to the bathroom. 我要上厕所. =>Usage at toilet 用法见 CHIN>toilet. `bath-tub n = bath 2.

bathe
[beiT; beT] v 1 [Tn] apply water to (sth); soak in water 用水洗（某物）; 用水浸泡: * The doctor told him to bathe his eyes twice a day. 医生叫他每天洗眼两次. * The nurse bathed the wound. 护士冲洗伤口. 2 [I] (esp Brit) go swimming in the sea, a river, a lake, etc for enjoyment 去海里、 河里、 湖里等游泳以娱情: * On hot days we often bathe/go bathing in the river. 天热时我们常在河里[去河里]游泳. 派生： bathe n (esp sing 尤作单数) (esp Brit) action of swimming in the sea, etc （在海里等）游泳: It's a sunny day. Let's go for a bathe. 今天天气晴朗, 咱们游泳去吧. bathed adj [pred 作表语] ~ in/with sth wet or bright all over with sth 全被某物弄湿; 全被某物照亮: Her face was bathed in tears. 她泪流满面. * After the match, I was bathed with sweat. 比赛之後我汗流浃背. * The countryside was bathed in brilliant sunshine. 这一带乡村沐浴在阳光里. bather[5beiTE(r); 5beTl] n.

bathing
[5beiTiN; 5beTiN] n [U] (esp Brit) action of going into the sea, etc to bathe （到江河湖海等处）游泳: * She's fond of bathing. 她喜欢游泳. * Bathing prohibited! ie Swimming, etc is not allowed here, eg because it would be unsafe. 禁止游泳（因不安全）! 复合： `bathing-cap n close-fitting rubber cap worn over the hair while swimming 游泳帽. `bathing-costume (also `bathing-suit) n (Brit becoming dated 渐旧) = swimming-costume (swim).

bathos
[5beiWCs; 5beWas] n [U] sudden change (in writing or speech) from what is deeply moving or important to what is foolish or trivial; anticlimax 突降（指在文章或讲话中, 从精采动人或意义重大的内容突然转入荒谬或平淡的内容）; 突降法（从高潮突然降为低潮的修辞法）.

bathysphere
[5bAWisfiE(r); 5bAWi7sfir] n large, strongly built, hollow sphere that can be lowered deep into the sea (usu for observing marine life) 探海球, 潜水球（为一坚固的大型球形结构, 可潜入深海中, 通常用於观察海洋生物）.

batik
[bE'ti:k, also 'bAtik; 5bEtik, 'bAtik] n 1 [U] method of printing coloured designs on cloth by waxing the parts that are not to be dyed 蜡防印花法. 2 [C] material dyed in this way 用蜡防印花法印染的花布: * [attrib 作定语] a batik dress 用蜡防印花布做的连衣裙.

batiste
[bA'ti:st, also bE't-; bA'tist, bE't-] n [U] fine thin linen or cotton cloth 上等细亚麻布或细薄棉布.

batman
[5bAtmEn; 5bAtmEn] n (pl -men[-mEn;-mEn] ) (Brit) soldier who acts as an army officer's personal servant 勤务兵; 传令兵.

baton
[5bAtn, 'bAtCn; - bE'tCn; bE'tan] n 1 = truncheon: * [attrib 作定语] a baton charge, ie one made by police, etc armed with batons to drive a crowd back 持警棍出击（警察等用警棍驱退群众）. 2 short thin stick used by the conductor of a band or orchestra （乐队指挥所用的）指挥棒. 3 short stick that indicates a certain rank （表示官阶的）权杖: * a Field-Marshal's baton 陆军元帅的司令杖. 4 short stick carried and handed on in a relay race （接力赛跑用的）接力棒. 5 decorative stick held and twirled by drum majors, etc （军乐队指挥所用的装饰性的）指挥棒.

battalion
[bE'tAliEn; bE'tAljEn] n (abbr 缩写 Bn) army unit composed of several companies and forming part of a regiment or brigade 营（陆军单位）.

batten
1[5bAtn; 5bAtn] n 1 long board, esp one used to keep other boards in place, or to which other boards are nailed 板条（尤指用以固定其他板材或将其他板材钉於其上者）. 2 (on a ship) strip of wood or metal used to fasten down covers or tarpaulins over a hatch 压条（船上用以扣紧舱口盖或舱盖布的木条或金属条）. 派生： batten v [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (down) (esp on a ship) fasten sth securely with battens （尤指船上）用压条固定住某物: batten down the hatches, eg when a storm is expected 封住舱口（如风暴快来时）.

batter
1[5bAtE(r); 5bAtl] v 1 [Ipr, Ip, Tn] ~ at/on sth hit (sb/sth) hard and often 接连猛击（某人[某物]）: * He kept battering (away) at the door. 他接连不断地砸门. * battered babies/wives, ie ones that suffer repeated violence from parents/husbands 受虐的幼儿[妻子]. 2 (phr v) batter sth down flatten sth by hitting it repeatedly 不断打击某物使之倒下: * Let's batter the door down. 咱们把这门砸掉吧. batter sth to sth cause sth to become a specified shape by hitting it hard and often 经常猛力打击使某物变成某状: * The huge waves battered the wrecked ship to pieces. 巨浪将那艘失事的船只冲击得支离破碎. * The victim's face was battered to a pulp. 受害者的脸打得血肉模糊. 派生： battered adj out of shape because of age, regular use or frequent accidents 由於年久、 经常使用或事故频仍等原因而走样的: a battered old hat 一顶破旧不堪的帽子 * Your car looks rather battered. 你的汽车看上去破破烂烂的. 复合： `battering-ram n large heavy log with an iron head formerly used in war for breaking down walls, etc 攻城槌（为一端带有铁头的巨型沉重圆木, 旧时於战争中用以攻破城墙等）.

battery
[5bAtEri; 5bAtEri] n 1 [C] portable container of a cell or cells for supplying electricity 电池; 电池组; 电瓶: * a `car battery 汽车用的蓄电池 * a `torch battery 手电筒用的电池 * This pocket calculator needs two batteries. 这个袖珍计算器需用两节乾电池. =>illus at App 1 见附录1, page xii. 2 [C] (a) group of big guns on a warship or on land 军舰上的炮组; 陆地上的炮台. (b) army unit consisting of big guns, with men and vehicles 炮兵连（由大炮、 炮兵及车辆组成）. 3 [C] large and often confusing set of similar tools, instruments, etc used together （同类用具、 器物等的）一套, 一组: * a battery of lights 一组灯 * (fig 比喻) She faced a battery of questions. 她面临一连串的问题. 4 [C] series of cages in which hens, etc are kept (to make them lay more eggs or grow fatter) 养鸡房（养鸡等用的成排鸡笼, 可使母鸡多产蛋或育肥）: * [attrib 作定语] a battery hen 养鸡房饲养的母鸡 * battery eggs 养鸡场产的蛋. Cf 参看 free-range (free)1). 5 [U] (law 律) unlawfully hitting sb or touching him or his clothes threateningly 殴打. 6 (idm 习语) recharge one's batteries => recharge. 复合： ,battery `farm farm where large numbers of hens are kept in batteries 养鸡场. ,battery `farming.

battle
[5bAtl; 5bAtl] n 1 [C, U] fight, esp between organized armed forces 战斗; 战役; 交战: * a fierce battle 激烈的战斗 * the battle of Waterloo 滑铁卢战役 * go out to battle 奔赴战场 * die in battle 阵亡. 2 [C] (fig 比喻) any contest or struggle 争斗; 斗争: * a battle of words, wits 一场舌战、 智斗 * Their whole life was a constant battle against poverty. 他们一生都在不断地与贫穷作斗争. 3 (idm 习语) do battle (with sb) (about sth) fight or argue fiercely (with sb) (about sth) （为某事）（与某人）激烈斗争或争论. fight a losing battle => fight1. give `battle (dated 旧) show that one is ready to fight 挑战. half the battle an important or the most important part of achieving sth 实现某目的至关重要的部分: * When you're ill, wanting to get well again is often half the battle. 生病时, 有决心把病治好往往是最为重要的. join battle => join. 派生： battle v [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (with/against sb/sth) (for sth); ~ (on) struggle 斗争; 搏斗; 奋斗: battling against ill health 与病魔作斗争 * They battled with the wind and the waves. 他们与风浪搏斗. * I'm battling with my employers for a pay-rise. 我正向雇主力争增加工资. * Progress is slow but we keep battling on. 进展虽慢, 但是我们在继续奋斗. 复合： `battleaxe n (a) (formerly) heavy axe with a long handle, used as a weapon 战斧（旧时用作武器的长柄重斧）. (b) (infml derog 口, 贬) unpleasantly domineering (usu older) woman （通常指较年长的）悍妇, 母老虎. `battle-cruiser n large warship, faster and lighter than a battleship 战列巡洋舰（一种比战列舰速度快、 吨位轻的大军舰）. `battle-cry n (a) (esp formerly) rallying cry used in battle （尤指旧时）战斗呐喊. (b) (fig 比喻) slogan or rallying cry of a group of people fighting for the same cause （为共同事业而斗争的人们所用的）标语或口号. `battledress n [U] soldier's uniform of blouse and trousers 野战服装.

battle1
`battlefield,`battleground ns place where a battle is or was fought 战场. `battleship n large warship with big guns and heavy armour 战列舰.

battlements
[5bAtlmEnts; 5bAtlmEnts] n [pl] (flat roof of a tower or castle surrounded by) low walls with openings at intervals made for shooting through 雉堞; 城垛. =>illus at castle 见castle之插图.

batty
[5bAti; 5bAti] adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) (of people, ideas, etc) crazy; slightly mad （指人、 思想等）疯狂的, 稍反常的. Cf 参看 bats.

bauble
[5bC:bl; 5bCbl] n (usu derog 通常作贬义) showy ornament of little value 华而不实的装饰品.

baulk
= balk.

bauxite
[5bC:ksait; 5bCksait] n [U] clay-like substance from which aluminium is obtained 铝土岩, 铝矾土（炼铝的原料）.

bawdy
[5bC:di; 5bCdi] adj (-ier, -iest) amusing in a coarse or indecent way （以粗俗或下流的方式）娱人的: * bawdy jokes, stories, etc 淫猥的笑话、 故事等. 派生： bawdily adv. bawdiness n [U]. bawdy n [U] (dated 旧) bawdy talk or stories 淫猥的话或故事.

bawl
[bC:l; bCl] v 1 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (out) shout or cry loudly 大叫; 大喊: * That baby has been bawling for hours. 那婴儿已经大声哭叫了几小时. * He bawled at me across the street. 他在街道的另一边冲着我大喊. * We bawled for help but no one heard us. 我们大声求援可是无人听见. * The sergeant bawled (out) a command (to his men). 那个中士（向士兵）大声发令. 2 (phr v) ,bawl sb `out (esp US infml 口) scold sb severely 严厉呵责某人.

bay
1[bei; be] (also `bay-tree) n laurel with dark green leaves and purple berries 月桂树（长有深绿色树叶和紫色浆果）. 复合： `bay-leaf n (pl -leaves) dried leaf of the bay-tree, spicy when crushed, used as seasoning in cooking 月桂树的乾树叶（压榨时有香味, 可作烹饪的调味品）.

bayonet
[5beiEnit; 5beEnit] n dagger-like blade that can be fixed to the muzzle of a rifle and used in hand-to-hand fighting 枪刺; 刺刀. 派生： bayonet[5beiEnit, also 7beiE'net; 5beEnit] v [Tn] stab (sb/sth) with a bayonet 用枪刺刺（某人[某物]）: * bayoneted to death 被枪刺刺死.

bayou
[5baiu:; 5baiu] n (in the southern USA) slow-moving marshy part of a river away from the main stream （美国南部的）长沼.

bazaar
[bE'za:(r); bE'zar] n 1 (in eastern countries) group of shops or stalls or part of a town where these are （东方国家的）市场, 城市的商业区. 2 (in Britain, USA, etc) (place where there is a) sale of goods to raise money for charitable purposes （英、 美等国）（为慈善事业筹集款项的）义卖, 义卖市场: * a church bazaar 教会主持的义卖.

bazooka
[bE'zu:kE; bE'zukE] n portable weapon used for launching anti-tank rockets （便携式）反坦克火箭筒.

BBC
[7bi: bi: 'si:; 7bi bi 'si] abbr 缩写 = British Broad-casting Corporation 英国广播公司: * listen to the BBC 收听英国广播公司的节目 * BBC English, ie a form of English with a high standard of correctness BBC英语（高度纯正的英语）. Cf 参看 IBA, ITV.

BBFC
[7bi: bi: ef 'si:; 7bi bi ef 'si] abbr 缩写 = British Board of Film Censors 英国电影审查局.

BC
[7bi: 'si:; 7bi 'si] abbr 缩写 = 1 Before Christ 公元前: * in (the year) 2000 BC 在公元前2000年. Cf 参看 AD. 2 British Council (a government-sponsored organization for the promotion of English language and culture in other countries) 英国文化协会.

be
1[bi; bi; strong form 强读式 bi:; bi] v =>Usage at be2 用法见be2. 1 (used after there and before a/an, no, some, etc+ n 用於there之後及a/an、 no、 some等+名词之前) (a) exist; occur; live 有; 存在; 生存: * Is there a God? 有上帝吗? * For there to be life there must be air and water. 一定要有空气和水才有生命. * There are no easy answers. 现成的答案是没有的. * There are many such people. 这样的人多的是. * Once upon a time there was a princess. 从前有一个公主. * There have been cows in that field since my grandfather's time. 从我祖父那时候起, 那片地上就养着牛. (b) be present; stand 在; 在场: * There's a bus-stop down the road 路的前方有一个公共汽车站. (Cf 参看 The bus-stop is down the road.) There were no books on the shelf. 书架上没有书. * There are some good photographs in this exhibition. 这一展览会上有些好照片. 2 (with an adv or a prepositional phrase indicating position in space or time 与表示地点或时间的副词或介词短语连用) (a) be situated 位於; 处於: * The lamp is on the table. 灯在桌子上. * The stable is a mile away. 马房距此一英里远. * Mary's upstairs. 玛丽在楼上. * John's out in the garden. 约翰在外面花园里. * They are on holiday in the Lake District. 他们在英格兰湖区度假. (b) happen; occur; take place 发生; 产生; 举行: * The party is after work. 聚会在下班後举行. * The election was on Monday. 选举是在星期一进行的. * The concert will be in the school hall. 音乐会将在学校的礼堂内举行. * The meetings are on Tuesdays and Thursdays in the main hall. 会议在星期二和星期四於大礼堂举行. (c) remain 停留; 逗留; 待: * She has been in her room for hours. 她在自己的房间里待了几个小时. * They're here till Christmas. 他们在这里要一直逗留到圣诞节. (d) attend; be present 出席; 到场: * Were you at church yesterday? 昨天你去过教堂吗?

be1
* I'll be at the party. 我参加这个聚会. 3 (with an adv or a prepositional phrase indicating direction, a starting point, etc 与副词或介词短语连用表示方向、 起点等) leave; arrive 离开; 到达: * I'll be on my way very soon. 我很快就要上路. * She's from Italy, ie Her native country is Italy. 她是意大利人（她的原籍是意大利）. 4 (usu with an adv or a prepositional phrase indicating destination; in the perfect tenses only 通常与副词或介词短语连用表示目的; 仅用於完成时态) visit or call 到某地; 访问; 拜访: * I've never been to Spain. 我从未到过西班牙. * She had been abroad many times. 她多次出国. * Has the plumber been (ie called) yet? 管子工来过了吗? 5 [La, Ln] (indicating a quality or a state 表示性质或状况): * Life is unfair. 生活就是不公平的. * The world is round. 地球是圆的. * He is ten years old. 他十岁了. * I am of average height. 我中等身材. * Be quick! 赶快! * She's a great beauty. 她是个大美人. * `How are you?’ `I'm quite well, thanks.’ ‘你好吗?’‘很好, 谢谢.’ 6 [La, Ln] (in exclamations 用於感叹句): * Were `they surprised to see us! 他们哪里想到会见到我们! * Aren't you a great cook! 你做的菜真好吃! * Wasn't that a good film! 那部影片真棒! 7 [Ln] (indicating the name, profession, pastime, etc of the subject 表示所谈论的话题的名称、 职业、 消遣等): * Today is Monday. 今天星期一. * You are the man I want. 你是我需要的人. * `Who is that?’ `It's the postman.’ ‘那是什麽人?’‘是邮递员.’ * Susan is a doctor. 苏姗是医生. * Peter is a keen footballer in his spare time. 彼得在业馀时间里很喜欢踢足球. * He wants to be (ie become) a fireman when he grows up. 他希望长大以後当（成为）消防队员. 8 [Ln] (indicating possession, actual or intended 表示实际所有或意欲得到): * The money's not yours, it's John's, ie It belongs to John and not to you. 这笔钱不是你的, 是约翰的.

be2
* This parcel is for you. 这个包裹是给你的. 9 [Ln] (showing equivalence in value, number, etc 表示价值、 数目等相等) (a) cost 价值; 花费: * `How much is that dress?’ `It's 50.’ ‘那件连衣裙多少钱?’‘50英镑.’ (b) amount to; equal 合计; 等於: * Twice two is four. 二二得四. * Three and three is six. 叁加叁等於六. * Four threes are twelve. 四乘叁等於十二. (c) constitute 组成: * London is not England, ie Don't think that all of England is like London. 伦敦并不等於英国（勿以为整个英格兰都像伦敦一样）. (d) represent 代表: * Let x be the sum of a and b. 设x为a与b之和. (e) mean; signify 意味; 表示: * It is nothing to me. 这对我来说不算什麽. * A thousand pounds is nothing to a rich man. 一千镑对富翁来说算不上什麽. 10 (idm 习语) the ,be-all and `end-all (of sth) (infml 口) the most important part; all that matters 最重要的部分; 最要紧的事: * Her boy-friend is the be-all and end-all of her existence. 她的男朋友就是她生活中最重要的内容. (he, etc has) been and `done sth (infml 口) (expressing protest and surprise 表示抗议和惊奇): * Someone's been (and gone) and eaten my porridge! 有人来过（又走了）, 竟把我的麦片粥给喝了! be one`self act naturally 自然地行事: * Don't try to act sophisticated just be yourself. 不要装得老成持重--你是怎麽样就怎麽样. ,be that as it `may despite that; nevertheless 不顾; 尽管: * I accept that he's old and frail; be that as it may, he's still a good politician. 我承认他年老体衰, 然而尽管如此, 他仍是优秀的政治家. it is/was as if.../as though... it seems/seemed that... 似乎...; 好像...: * It's as if he never listens to a word I say. 我说的话似乎他从来都不听. ...that was ...as sb used to be called 如人们过去对某人常用的称呼: * Miss Brown that was, ie before her marriage. 布朗小姐, 即她婚前的称呼. -to-`be (in compounds 用以构成复合词) future 未来; 将来:

be3
* his ,bride-to-`be, ie his future bride * ,mothers-to-`be, ie pregnant women. (For other idioms containing be, see entries for ns, adjs, etc 与be搭配的其他习语见有关名词、 形容词等的词条, 如 be the death of sb =>death.)

beach
[bi:tF; bitF] n 1 stretch of sand or pebbles along the edge of the sea or a lake; shore between high and low water mark 海滩; 湖滩; 滩地: * holiday-makers sunbathing on the beach 在沙滩上作日光浴的度假者. =>illus at coast 见coast之插图. 2 (idm 习语) not the only pebble on the beach => pebble.Usage at coast1 用法见 coast1. 派生： beach v [Tn] bring (esp a boat or ship) on shore from out of the water （尤指船只）从水中推或拖至岸上. 复合： `beach-ball n large lightweight inflated ball for games on the beach 沙滩球（供海滩游戏用的大而轻的充气球）. `beach buggy small motor vehicle used for racing on beaches, waste ground, etc 沙滩车（在海滩、 荒地等处使用的小型机动赛车）. `beachcomber[-kEumE(r); -7koml] n 1 person without a regular job who lives by selling whatever he can find on beaches 海滩游民（无固定工作, 以在海滩捡破烂为生的人）. 2 long wave rolling in from the sea （涌向海滩的）长形巨浪. `beach-head n strong position on a beach established by an army which has just landed and is preparing to advance and attack （部队登陆後准备进攻时所建的）滩头阵地. Cf 参看 bridgehead (bridge1). `beachwear n [U] clothes for swimming, sunbathing, playing games, etc on the beach 海滩装（在海滩游泳、 进行日光浴、 游戏等时穿的服装）.

beacon
[5bi:kEn; 5bikEn] n 1 fire lit on a hilltop as a signal 烽火. 2 (a) light fixed on rocks or on the coast to warn or guide ships, or on a mountain, tall building, etc to warn aircraft 灯塔; 灯标. (b) flashing light on an airfield for the guidance of pilots （飞机场上指示飞机起降的）闪光灯. 3 signal station such as a lighthouse （灯塔之类的）信号站. 4 radio station or transmitter whose signal helps ships and aircraft to discover their position （帮助航船和飞行器确定位置的）无线电台或发射台. 5 (Brit) = Belisha beacon.

bead
[bi:d; bid] n 1 (a) [C] small piece of (usu hard) material with a hole through it, for threading with others on a string, or for sewing onto material （有孔可穿连成串或缝在衣物上的）小珠子: * a string of glass beads 一串玻璃珠子. (b) beads [pl] necklace made of beads 珠子项 . 2 [C] drop of liquid 滴: * beads of sweat on his forehead 他额头上的汗珠. 3 (idm 习语) draw a bead => draw2. 派生： beading n [U, C] strip of wood or stone, rounded or with a pattern of beads, used as decorative edging 有串珠花样的木条或石条（用作缘饰）.

beadle
[5bi:dl; 5bidl] n (Brit) 1 officer helping in certain church or college ceremonies （某些教会或学校的礼仪活动的）助理员. 2 (formerly) parish officer who helped the priest by keeping order in church, giving money to the poor, etc （旧时教区中协助牧师维持教堂秩序、 向穷人发放赈济款等的）助理员.

beady
[5bi:di; 5bidi] adj (of eyes) small, round and bright like beads （指眼睛）小而圆, 晶亮如珠子的: * Not much escapes our teacher's beady eye, ie Our teacher sees almost everything. 任何事都很难逃过我们老师那明亮的眼睛.

beagle
[5bi:gl; 5bigl] n small short-legged dog used for hunting hares 猎兔狗（猎兔用的一种短腿小猎狗）. 派生： beagling[5bi:gliN; 5bigliN] n [U] hunting on foot with beagles 带着猎兔狗徒步行猎.

beak
1[bi:k; bik] n 1 hard horny part of a bird's mouth 鸟喙. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page iv. 2 anything shaped like this, esp a hooked nose 鸟喙形状的任何物体; （尤指）鹰钩鼻子. 派生： beaked/bi:kt; bikt] adj (usu in compounds 通常用以构成复合词) having a beak (of the specified type) （鸟嘴或鸟嘴形物）有某种嘴的: * long-beaked.

beaker
[5bi:kE(r); 5bikl] n 1 open glass container with a lip for pouring, used in chemistry laboratories 烧杯. 2 tall narrow cup for drinking, often without a handle 细高的杯（常无柄）: * a beaker of coffee from the drinks machine 取自饮料机的一杯咖啡.

beam
[bi:m; bim] n 1 long piece of wood, metal, concrete, etc, usu horizontal and supported at both ends, that carries the weight of part of a building or some other structure 梁. 2 (a) any of the horizontal cross-timbers of a ship, joining the sides and supporting the deck 船梁（船上连接两舷并支撑甲板的横木）. (b) breadth of a ship at its widest part 船宽（船身最宽部分的距离）. 3 horizontal bar of weighing-scales from which the pans hang 衡器上悬吊秤盘的横 . =>illus at scale 见scale之插图. 4 ray or stream of light or other radiation (eg from a lamp or a lighthouse, the sun or the moon) （灯、 灯塔、 日月等的）光线、 光束或其他射线: * the beam of the torch, searchlight, etc 手电筒、 探照灯等的光束 * The car's headlights were on full beam, ie not dipped to avoid dazzling other drivers. 那辆汽车的前大灯都开着（未能为防止将其他司机眼睛照花而放低前大灯）. 5 bright and happy look or smile 欢快的表情; 微笑: * a beam of pleasure 一丝笑容. 6 series of radio or radar signals used to guide ships or aircraft （为船只或飞行器导航的无线电或雷达的）信号流. 7 (idm 习语) broad in the beam => broad1. off (the) `beam (infml 口) mistaken; wrong 错误的; 不对: * Your calculation is way off beam. 你的计算大错特错. on the `beam (infml 口) on the right track; correct 正确的; 对. 派生： beam v 1 (a) [I] (of the sun, etc) send out light and warmth （指太阳等）发光, 发热. (b) [I, Ipr] ~ (at sb) smile happily and cheerfully 愉快地微笑: The winner beamed with satisfaction. 获胜者满意地笑了. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to...) (from...) broadcast (a message, television programme, etc) 播送（消息、 电视节目等）: The World Cup Final was beamed live from Britain to Japan. 世界杯决赛从英国向日本作了实况转播. 复合： beam-`ends n [pl] (idm 习语) on her beam-ends (of a ship) lying over to one side; almost capsizing （指船）向一边倾斜; 几乎翻船. on one's beam-ends (of a person) with very little money left; almost destitute （指人）经济拮 ; 几乎一无所有.

bean
[bi:n; bin] n 1 (a) smooth, usu kidney-shaped, seed, used as a vegetable 豆子: * ,broad `beans 蚕豆 * `kidney beans 菜豆 * `soya beans 大豆 * ,haricot `beans 扁豆. (b) any of the various plants that bear these seeds in long pods 豆科植物. (c) pod containing such seeds, which is itself eaten as a vegetable 豆荚（可食用）:,runner `beans 红花菜豆. 2 similar seed of other plants, eg cocoa or coffee 其他植物的豆状果实（如可可豆或咖啡豆）. 3 (idm 习语) full of beans/life => full. a hill of beans => hill. know how many beans make five => know. not have a `bean (infml 口) have no money 不名一文. spill the beans => spill1. 复合： `beanfeast (also beano) n (dated Brit infml 旧, 口) merry celebration or party 喜庆; 喜宴. `beanpole n (infml 口) tall thin person 瘦高个子. `bean sprouts sprouts of young bean seeds often eaten uncooked, esp in Chinese dishes 豆芽.

beano
[5bi:nEu; 5bino] n (pl ~s) (dated Brit infml 旧, 口) = beanfeast (bean).

bear
1[beE(r); ber] n 1 large heavy animal with thick fur 熊: * polar bear 北极熊 * grizzly bear 大灰熊. =>illus 见插图. 2 rough or ill-mannered person 粗鲁的或横蛮的人. 3 (finance 财) person who sells stocks, shares, etc, hoping to buy them back at lower prices 出售自己的证券、 股票等, 希望以较低价格购回的人; 股票看跌的人: * [attrib 作定语] a `bear market, ie a situation in which share prices are falling rapidly 卖空的市场（股票价格急剧跌落的行情）. Cf 参看 bull1 3. 4 (idm 习语) a bear garden place or meeting at which there is much rough or noisy behaviour 嘈杂喧闹的场所或会议. like a ,bear with a sore `head (infml 口) irritable; bad-tempered 易怒的; 脾气坏的: * When he's just woken up he's like a bear with a sore head. 他刚睡醒时, 非常暴躁. 派生： bearish[5beEriF; 5beriF] adj 1 rough or bad-tempered粗暴的; 脾气坏的. 2 (finance 财) characterized by or causing a fall in the price of stocks 以证券价格下跌为特徵的; 引起证券价格下跌的: * a bearish market 刮跌风的证券交易市场. Cf 参看 bullish (bull1). 复合： `bear-hug n powerful tight embrace 紧紧的搂抱. `bearskin n 1 fur of a bear 熊皮: [attrib 作定语] a bearskin rug 熊皮地毯. 2 tall hat of black fur worn by British guardsmen （英国卫兵戴的）黑皮高帽.

bearable
[5beErEbl; 5berEbl] adj that can be endured; tolerable 可忍受的; 经得住的: * The climate is bearable. 这种气候尚可忍受.

beard
1[biEd; bird] n (a) [U, C] hair growing on the chin and the lower cheeks of a man's face （下巴和面颊下部的）胡须; 络腮胡子: * a week's growth of beard 一星期未刮的胡子 * Who's that man with the beard? 那个留着大胡子的人是谁? * He has (grown) a beard. 他留着大胡子. =>illus at head 见head之插图. Cf 参看 moustache1,whisker 1. (b) [C] similar hairy growth on an animal or plant （动物的）颔毛; （植物的）芒: * a goat's beard 山羊的胡子. 派生： bearded adj having a beard 有胡须的; 有颔毛的; 有芒刺的. beardless adj having no beard 无胡须的; 无颔毛的; 无芒刺的: a beardless youth, ie an immature young man 嘴下没毛的青年（少不更事的年轻人）.

bearer
[5beErE(r); 5berl] n 1 person who brings a letter or message 送信人; 捎信人: * I'm the bearer of good news. 我带来了好消息. 2 (a) person employed to carry things, eg equipment on an expedition; porter 脚夫; 搬运工人: * A team of African bearers came with us on safari. 有一队非洲脚夫和我们一起进行狩猎旅行. (b) person who helps to carry a coffin, stretcher, etc （棺材、 担架等的）抬送者. 3 person who has a cheque for payment on demand （即期支票的）持票人: * This cheque is payable to the bearer, ie to the person who presents it at a bank. 本支票可兑付给持票人.

bearing
[5beEriN; 5beriN] n 1 [sing] (a) way of standing, walking, etc; deportment （站立、 步行等的）姿态: * a man of soldierly bearing 有军人仪态的人. (b) behaviour 行为; 举止: * her dignified bearing throughout the trial 在整个审讯过程中, 她那端庄的举止. 2 [U] ~ on sth relevance to sth 与某事物的关系: * What he said had not much bearing on the problem. 他说的话跟这个问题没有多大关系. 3 bearings [pl] aspects 方面: * We must consider the question in all its bearings. 我们应该考虑到问题的各个方面. 4 [C] direction in degrees as measured from a known position （从一已知位置测出的）方位（度数）: * take a (compass) bearing on the lighthouse （用罗盘）测定灯塔的方位. 5 [C] device reducing friction in part of a machine where another part turns 轴承: * ball-`bearings 滚珠轴承. 6 [C] heraldic emblem 纹章. 7 (idm 习语) get/take one's `bearings find out where one is by recognizing landmarks, etc （藉可辨认的陆标等）确定自己的位置. lose one's bearings => lose. past (all) `bearing no longer to be tolerated 忍无可忍.

bearish
=> bear1.

beast
[bi:st; bist] n 1 (dated or fml 旧或文) animal, esp a large four-footed one 动物（尤指大的、 有四条腿的）: * all the beasts of the earth 地球上的一切走兽 * The lion is called the king of beasts. 狮子被称为百兽之王. 2 (a) brutal or disgusting person 野蛮的人; 令人生厌的人: * When he's drunk he's a beast. 他喝醉时很野蛮. * Drink brings out the beast in him, ie emphasizes the brutal part of his nature. 他酒後兽性大发. (b) (infml 口) (used playfully or reproachfully 用以打趣或斥责) unpleasant person 令人不快的人: * Stop tickling me, you beast! 别胳肢我了, 你这讨厌鬼! * Don't be such a beast! 别那麽讨人嫌! 派生： beastly adj 1 like a beast; brutal 野兽般的; 凶残的. 2 (infml 口 esp Brit) unpleasant; nasty 使人不愉快的; 恶劣的: What beastly weather! 多麽恶劣的天气! * That's absolutely beastly of him. 那他可太可恶了. adv (infml 口 esp Brit) very; extremely 很; 极其: It's beastly cold outside! 外边冷极了! 复合： beast of `burden animal, such as a donkey, used for carrying heavy loads on its back 力畜, 役畜, 牲口（如驴）.

beat
1[bi:t; bit] v (pt beat, pp beaten[5bi:tn; 5bitn] ) 1 [Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] hit (sb/sth) repeatedly, esp with a stick （接连地）打（某人[某物]）（尤指棒打）: * Somebody was beating at the door. 有人不停地敲门. * Who's beating the drum? 谁在敲鼓? * She was beating the carpet/beating the dust out of the carpet, ie removing dust from the carpet by beating it. 她正在敲打地毯[敲打地毯上的灰尘]（以敲打的方式除尘）. 2 [Cn.a] reduce (sb) to a specified state by hitting repeatedly 把（某人）直打成某种状况: * They beat the prisoner unconscious. 他们把那囚犯打得不省人事. =>Usage at hit1 用法见 hit1. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p, Cn.a] change the shape of (esp metal) by blows; hammer 锤打使（尤指金属）变形; 用锤敲打: * beaten silver 银箔 * The gold was beaten (out) into fine strips. 金子被锤成了细条形. * beat metal flat 把金属锤平. 4 [I, Tn] strike (bushes, undergrowth, etc) to raise game for shooting 击打（灌木、 下层林木等）使猎物暴露出来以便射杀之. 5 [Tn, Tn.pr] make (a path, etc) by pressing branches down and walking over them 披荆斩棘开辟（路等）; 踏出（一条路）: * a well-beaten path, ie one worn hard by much use 久经践踏的路 * The hunters beat a path through the undergrowth. 猎人们开了一条路穿过小树丛. 6 [Ipr] ~ against/on sth/sb (of the rain, sun, wind, etc) strike sth/sb （指雨、 日、 风等）袭及某物[某人]: * Hailstones beat against the window. 冰雹落在窗户上. * The waves were beating on the shore. 波涛拍岸. 7 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) mix sth vigorously using a fork, whisk, etc （用叉子、 打蛋器等）用力搅拌某物: * beat the eggs (up) (to a frothy consistency) 打蛋（至起泡的浓度） * beat the flour and milk together 把面粉和牛奶搅拌一起. 8 (a) [I] (of the heart) expand and contract rhythmically （指心脏）有节奏地舒张与收缩, 跳动:

beat1
* He's alive his heart is still beating. 他还活着--心脏还在跳. (b) [I] give a rhythmical sound; pulsate 发出有节奏的响声; 脉动: * We heard the drums beating. 我们听到了敲鼓的声音. (c) [I, Tn] (cause sth to) move up and down repeatedly; flap （使某物）不停地上下动; 拍动: * The birds wings were beating frantically. 那些鸟儿的翅膀在使劲地拍打着. * It was beating its wings. 它鼓动着翅膀. 9 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (at sth) defeat sb; win against sb; do better than sb 打败某人; 打赢某人; 胜过某人: * Our team was easily beaten. 我队被对方轻易打败了. * He beat me (at chess, squash, etc). 他（下棋、 打壁球等）赢了我. (b) [Tn] be better than (sth); defeat 胜於（某事物）; 击败: * Nothing beats home cooking. 什麽也不如家里做的好吃. * You can't beat Italian clothes. 意大利的服装无与伦比. * The Government's main aim is to beat inflation. 政府的主要目标是减低通货膨胀. * beat the speed record, ie go faster than anyone before 打破速度纪录. (c) [Tn] (infml 口) be too difficult for (sb); puzzle 难倒（某人）; 使困惑: * a problem that beats even the experts 连行家也感到棘手的问题 * It beats me (ie I don't know) how/why he did it. 他如何[为何]做的, 这问题算是把我难住了（我不知道）. 10 (idm 习语) ,beat about the `bush talk about sth without coming to the main point 拐弯抹角地说; 东拉西扯: * Stop beating about the bush and tell us who won. 不要东拉西扯了, 告诉我们是谁赢了吧. beat sb at his own game defeat or do better than sb in an activity which he has chosen or in which he thinks that he is strong 在某人自选的或拿手的方面击败或胜过某人. beat one's breast show that one knows one has done wrong and is sorry, often with an excessive display of grief, remorse, etc 捶胸顿足（表示自己知错而痛惜, 常伴有极度的伤心、 悔恨等）. beat the clock finish a task, race, etc before a particular time 在特定的时间以前结束工作、 竞赛等. beat/knock the daylights out of sb => daylights. beat the drum

beat2
(for sb/sth) speak enthusiastically in support of sb/sth （为某人[某事物]）敲边鼓. beat/knock hell out of sb/sth => hell. beat sb `hollow beat sb decisively 给某人以致命打击: * Our team was beaten hollow. 我们这个队被打得落花流水. `beat it (sl 俚) go away 走开: * This is private land, so beat it! 这里是私人地产, 请走开! beat a (hasty) re`treat go away or back hurriedly 匆匆走开; 仓皇撤退: * The poacher beat a hasty retreat when he saw the police coming. 偷猎者见有警察来到立刻仓皇逃走. beat, etc sense into sb => sense. beat the rap (US sl 俚) escape without being punished 逃避惩罚; 逍遥法外. beat `time (to sth) mark or follow the rhythm (of music) by waving a stick or by tapping one's foot, etc （按照音乐节奏, 用挥棍或踏脚等方式）打拍子: * He beat time (to the music) with his fingers. 他用手指（随着这支乐曲）打拍子. ,can you `beat it (expressing surprise or shocked amusement 表示惊奇或喜出望外). if you can't beat them, join them (catchphrase 警语) if a rival group, firm, etc continues to be more successful than one's own, it is better to go over to their side and get any advantages one can by doing so 若竞争对手（团体、 商号等）占了上风, 那就最好站到他们一边亦从中获益. ,off the ,beaten `track in an isolated place where people rarely go 在人迹罕至之处: * They live miles off the beaten track. 他们住的地方远离人烟. a rod/stick to beat sb with fact, argument, event, etc that is used in order to blame or punish sb 用以怪罪或惩罚某人的事实、 理由、 事情等. 11 (phr v) beat sth down (a) force an entry by hitting (a door, etc) repeatedly 破（门等）而入: * The thieves had beaten the door down. 那小偷破门而入. (b) flatten sth 使某物变平; 使某物倒下: * The wheat had been beaten down by the rain. 麦子被雨打倒了. beat down (on sb/sth) (of the sun) shine with great heat （指太阳）曝晒:

beat3
* The sun beat down (on the desert sand). 太阳曝晒着（沙漠）. beat sb/sth down (to sth) persuade (the seller) to reduce (the price of sth) 劝说（卖方）降低（某物价格）: * He wanted 800 for the car but I beat him down (to 600). 他那辆汽车要价￡800英镑, 而我杀低了价（到￡600英镑）. * I beat down the price (to 600). 我把价格压低（到600英镑）了. beat sb into/to sth bring sb to a specified state by hitting repeatedly 把某人[某物]直打成某种状况: The children were beaten into submission. 孩子们被打得服服贴贴. * The dog was beaten to death. 那狗被打得一命呜呼. beat sb/sth off drive sb/sth away by fighting 以战斗驱除某人[某事物]: The attacker/attack was beaten off. 进攻者[进攻]被打退了. beat sth out (a) produce (a rhythm, etc) by drumming 敲击出（节奏等）: He beat out a tune on a tin can. 他在洋铁罐上敲奏出一支曲子来. (b) extinguish (a fire) by beating 扑灭（火）: We beat the flames out. 我们把火扑灭了. (c) remove sth by striking with a hammer, etc 以锤打等方法除去: beat out the dent in the car's wing 锤平汽车挡泥板上的凹痕. beat sb to... arrive at (a place) before sb 先於某人到达（某处）: I'll beat you to the top of the hill, ie I'll race you and get there first. 我能比你先到山顶. beat sb to it achieve, reach or take sth before sb else 抢先一步; 捷足先登: Scott aimed to get to the South Pole first, but Amundsen beat him to it. 斯科特原打算第一个到达南极, 但是阿蒙森却已捷足先登. * I was about to take the last cake, but he beat me to it. 我正要去拿那最後一块蛋糕, 而他却抢先拿走了. beat sb up hit, kick or thrash sb severely 狠打、 踢或揍某人: He was badly beaten up by a gang of thugs. 他被一帮暴徒打得死去活来. 派生： beat adj [pred 作表语] tired out; exhausted 筋疲力尽; 疲惫不堪: I'm (dead) beat. 我已筋疲力尽. beating n 1 hitting repeatedly with a stick, etc, usu as punishment （用棍棒等）接连打（通常作为惩罚）: givesb/get a good beating 给某人[挨了]一顿痛打.

beat4
2 (infml 口) defeat 失败: Our team got a sound beating. 我们队遭到惨败. 3 (idm 习语) take a lot of/some `beating be difficult to surpass 难以超越: She will take some beating, ie It will be difficult to do better than her. 超越她是不易的（要做得比她好绝非易事）. * His record will take a lot of beating. 他创的纪录很难打破. 复合： ,beat-`up adj (infml 口 esp US) worn out; battered 穿破的; 用坏的: a ,beat-up old `car 破旧的汽车.

beater
[5bi:tE(r); 5bitl] n 1 (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) utensil for beating things 打东西用的器具: * a `carpet-beater * an `egg-beater. 2 person employed to drive birds and animals out of the undergrowth towards huntsmen with guns 助猎者（受雇将鸟兽从矮树丛中驱赶至猎人处的人）.

beatific
[biE'tifik; 7biE'tifik] adj (fml 文) showing or giving great joy and serenity; blissful 快乐而安详的; 赐福的; 有福的: * a beatific smile 慈祥的笑容. > beatifically[-kli; -kli] adv.

beatify
[bi'Atifai; bi'AtE7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn] (of the Pope) honour (a dead person) by stating officially that he or she is in heaven （指教皇）为（死者）行宣福礼（宣布死者已升天）. 派生： beatification/bi7Atifik'eiFn; bi7AtEfE'keFEn] n(a) [C] such an official statement 宣福礼. (b) [U] honouring or being honoured in this way 宣福或被宣福.

beatitude
[bi'Atitju:d; - -tu:d; bi'AtE7tud] n 1 [U] (fml 文) great happiness; blessedness 至福; 天福. 2 the Beatitudes [pl] (in the Bible) series of eight statements by Christ on blessedness, each beginning `Blessed are...’ （《圣经》中）（耶稣所论的）八福（每论的开始都是 ‘这样的人有福了...’）.

beatnik
[5bi:tnik; 5bitnik] n (dated 旧) (in the 1950's and early 1960's) person behaving and dressing unconventionally as a defiant protest against Western morality and as a means of self-expression ‘垮掉的一代’的成员（二十世纪五十年代及六十年代初期, 以怪僻的行为和奇特的装束表示蔑视西方道德并藉以表现自我的人）. Cf 参看 hippie.

beau
[bEu; bo] n (pl ~x/bEuz; boz] ) 1 (US) boy-friend; lover 男友; 情郎. 2 (dated 旧) dandy; fop 花花公子; 纨 子弟. 复合： the beau monde[7bEu 'mC:nd; bo'mand] fashionable society 上流社会; 时髦的社交界.

Beaufort scale
[7bEufEt 'skeil; 7boflt 'skel] scale for measuring wind speed ranging originally from 0 (calm) to 12 (hurricane) 蒲福风级（最初将风速划分为由0-12即由无风到飓风的等级）: * registering 8 on the Beaufort scale 风力为8级.

Beaujolais
[5bEuVElei; - 7bEuVE'lei; 7boVE'le] n (pl unchanged 复数不变) [C, U] (type of) light, usu red, wine from the Beaujolais district of France 博若莱酒（法国博若莱地区产的淡葡萄酒, 通常为红色）.

beaut
[bju:t; bjut] n (US and Austral sl 美, 澳, 俚) beautiful person or thing 美人; 美好的东西. 派生： beaut adj, interj (sl esp Austral 俚, 尤用於澳大利亚) excellent; fine 了不起的; 绝妙的.

beauteous
[5bju:tiEs; 5bjutiEs] adj (arch 古) beautiful 美丽的; 美好的.

beautician
[bju:'tiFn; bju'tiFEn] n person whose job is to give beautifying treatments to the face or body 美容师.

beautiful
[5bju:tifl; 5bjutEfEl] adj 1 having beauty; giving pleasure to the senses or the mind 美丽的; 美观的; 美好的: * a beautiful face, baby, flower, view, voice, poem, smell, morning 美妙的脸庞、 婴儿、 花朵、 景物、 声音、 诗歌、 气味、 早晨 * beautiful weather, music, chocolate 极好的天气、 音乐、 巧克力. 2 very satisfactory 极其满意的: * The organization was beautiful. 组织工作极佳. * What beautiful timing! 时间正合适! 派生： beautifully[-fli; -fEli] adv 1 in a lovely manner 美妙地: * She sings beautifully. 她唱得美极了. 2 most satisfactorily 极其满意地: * That will do beautifully. 那样好极了. * The car is running beautifully. 这辆汽车性能好极了. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: When describing people, beautiful and pretty are generally used of women and children, and handsome of men. 形容人的时候, beautiful和pretty一般用於妇女儿童, 而handsome则用於男子. They all relate to the pleasing appearance of the face. 这些词都可指容貌悦目. Beautiful is a serious and approving description, suggesting elegance and perfection. *beautiful是个有分量的、 表示赞许的形容词, 含有高雅和完美的意思. Pretty may suggest a delicate feminine appearance and can be used disapprovingly of men. *pretty可指娇媚温柔的容貌, 但也可用於男子, 含贬义. Handsome may be applied to women and suggest dignity and maturity.*handsome可用於指妇女, 含有端庄和成熟的意思. Good-looking and attractive are used of both men and women. *good-looking和attractive用於男女均可. Fair (meaning `beautiful') is archaic. *fair（作beautiful解的词义）已不通用. All these adjectives except attractive can be used of animals and all except good-looking with inanimate and abstract nouns 所有这些形容词, 除attractive外, 均可用於动物, 而除good-looking外, 均可与指无生命的和抽象的名词连用: a beautiful/an attractive voice 优美的[动人的]嗓子

beautiful1
* a handsome/good-looking horse 漂亮的[好看的]马 * a beautiful/pretty village 美丽的[漂亮的]村庄 * a handsome/an attractive offer 优厚的[打动人的]条件.

beautify
[5bju:tifai; 5bjutE7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn] make (sb/sth) beautiful; adorn 使（某人[某事物]）变美; 美化; 装饰. Cf 参看 prettify. > beautification/ 9bju:tIfI5keIFn; 9bjutEfE`keFEn/ n [U].

beauty
[5bju:ti; 5bjuti] n 1 [U] combination of qualities that give pleasure to the senses (esp to the eye or ear) or to the mind 美: * the beauty of the sunset, of her singing, of poetry 日落、 她的歌喉、 诗作之美 * She was a woman of great beauty. 她曾经是个大美人. * [attrib 作定语] a beauty competition/contest, ie one in which judges decide on the most beautiful competitor 选美会. 2 [C] (a) person or thing that is beautiful 美丽的人或事物: * She was a famous beauty in her youth. 她年轻时是个有名的美人. * That new car is an absolute beauty. 那辆新车漂亮极了. (b) fine specimen; excellent example 极好的样品; 范例: * Look at these moths: * here's a beauty. 请看这些蛾子: * 这是一个珍品. * That last goal was a beauty. 最後进去的那个球真漂亮. (c) pleasing or attractive feature 极具魅力或吸引力的特色: * The beauty of living in California is that the weather is so good. 在加利福尼亚居住的好处就在於气候宜人. * The machine needs very little attention -- that's the beauty of it. 那机器不用怎样看管--好就好在这里. 3 (idm 习语) beauty is only skin `deep (saying 谚) outward appearance is less important than hidden or inner qualities 美貌只是一层皮（外表没有隐蔽的或内在的素质那麽重要）. 复合： `beauty queen woman judged to be the most beautiful in a beauty contest （选美会上评选出的）最美的女子. `beauty salon (also `beauty parlour) place where customers receive treatment (eg face-massage, hairdressing, manicuring) to increase their beauty 美容院. `beauty sleep (joc 谑) sleep before midnight, light-heartedly regarded as important for a person's beauty 美容觉（午夜前的睡眠, 戏称关乎美容）: Good night, I must get my beauty sleep. 再见吧, 我得去睡个美容觉. `beauty spot 1 place famous for its beautiful scenery 风景点; 名胜. 2 mole or artificial spot on a woman's face, once thought to add to her beauty 美人斑（妇女面部天生的或人为的、 曾被视为一种美的痣或斑）.

beaux
pl of beau.

beaver
[5bi:vE(r); 5bivl] n 1 [C] fur-coated animal with strong teeth that lives both on land and in water and gnaws down trees to build dams 海狸. 2 [U] its brown fur 海狸的褐色皮毛: * [attrib 作定语] a beaver hat 海狸皮帽子. 3 (idm 习语) an eager beaver => eager. 派生： beaver v (phr v) beaver away (at sth) (infml 口 esp Brit) work hard 勤奋工作: I've been beavering away at this job for hours. 我几小时一直在全力做这件事.

bebop
[5bi:bCp; 5bibap] (also bop) n [U] type of jazz music with complex rhythms and harmonies 比博普（一 种具有复杂的节律与和声的爵士音乐）.

becalmed
[bi'ka:md; bi'kamd] adj [usu pred 通常作表语] (of a sailing-ship) unable to move because there is no wind （指帆船）（因无风）不能航行.

became
pt of become.

because
[bi'kCz; - also -kC:z; bi'kCz] conj for the reason that : * I did it because he told me to. . * Just because I don't complain, people think I'm satisfied. , T. 复合： be`cause of prep by reason of (sb/sth); on account of []; : They are here because of us. . * He walked slowly because of his bad leg. . * Because of his wife('s) being there, I said nothing about it. , .

beck
1[bek; bek] n (Brit dialect 方) mountain stream; brook ; .

beckon
[5bekEn; 5bekEn] v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Dn.t, Dpr.t] ~ (to) sb (to do sth) make a gesture to sb with the hand, arm or head, usu to make him come nearer or to follow （以手、 臂或头部的动作）召唤某人（通常为使之走近或跟随自己）: * She beckoned (to) me (to follow). 她招手要我跟着她. * (fig 比喻) City life beckons (ie attracts) many a country boy. 都市生活吸引着许许多多的乡村子弟. 2 (phr v) beckon sb in, on, over, etc gesture to sb to move in a specified direction 示意某人按指定的方向行动: * The policeman beckoned us over. 警察打手势让我们通过. * A girl standing at the mouth of the cave beckoned him in. 站在洞口的一个姑娘摆手叫他进去. * They beckoned me into the room. 他们示意我进入房间.

become
[bi'kQm; bi'kQm] v (pt became/bi'keim; bi'kem] , pp become) 1 [La, Ln] (a) come to be; grow to be 变为; 成为: * They soon became angry. 他们过了一会就生气了. * He has become accustomed to his new duties. 他已经适应了新的职务. * That child was to become a great leader. 那孩子长大後必定成为伟大领袖. * They became great friends. 他们成了莫逆之交. * She became a doctor. 她成了医生. * It has become a rule that we sing during our tea-break. 我们在吃茶点的休息时间里唱歌已成惯例. (b) begin to be 开始成为: * It's becoming dangerous to go out alone at night. 夜间独自外出已经越来越危险了. * The noise of traffic is becoming a cause for concern. 交通噪音已经开始引起人们的关注. * Those boys are becoming a nuisance. 那些男孩子越来越惹人讨厌了. =>Usage 见所附用法. 2 [Tn] (fml 文) (a) be suitable for (sb); suit 适於（某人）; 适合: * Her new hat certainly becomes her. 她的新帽子十分适合她戴. (b) be fitting or appropriate for (sb); befit 适合於（某人身分）; 适宜: * Such language (eg vulgar or insulting words) does not become a lady like you. 这样的语言（如粗俗或无礼的言辞）与你这样一位女士的身分很不相称. * It ill becomes you to complain. 发牢骚可与你的身分不相称. 3 (idm 习语) what becomes of sb/sth what is happening to sb/sth 某人[某事物]情况如何: * What will become of my child if I die? 假如我死了, 我的孩子会怎样呢? * I wonder what became of the people who lived next door? 不知道以前住在隔壁的人怎麽样了? * What became of the dreams of our youth? ie What we hoped for did not actually happen. 我们年轻时的理想今何在? 派生： becoming adj (fml 文) 1 (approv 褒) (of dress, etc) well suited to the wearer （指衣服等）合身的, 适於穿戴者的: a becoming hat, hair-style, etc 合适的帽子、发型等 * Your outfit is most becoming. 你的服装太合适了.

become1
2 suitable; appropriate; fitting 适合的; 适当的; 适宜的: He behaved with a becoming modesty/with a modesty becoming his junior position. 他举止间有一种颇为适度的谦恭[有一种适合於其下级地位的谦恭]. becomingly adv. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: When talking about a change in the state, appearance, etc of a person or thing, we often use become, get, turn and go followed by an adjective. 谈到人或物的状态、 外貌等的变化时, 常用 become、 get、 turn、 go, 後接形容词. In general, become and turn are more formal than get and go. 总的来说, become和turn比get和go更文雅. 1 When referring to temporary changes in a person's emotional or physical state or to permanent natural changes, we use become or get (less formal) 指一个人的暂时性的身心变化或永久性的自然变化, 可用become或get（後者较通俗）: become/get angry, famous, fat, ill, old, etc 生气、 成名、 发胖、 得病、 见老等. 2 Become and get are also used of changes in the weather and of social developments *become和get还都可用於指天气的变化和社会的趋势: It's becoming/getting cold, dark, cloudy, etc. 天渐渐冷了、 黑了、 多云了等. * Divorce is becoming/getting more common. 离婚现象越来越常见了. 3 When indicating a worsening of someone's physical or mental powers, we use go 指某人肉体上或精神上由强转弱时, 用go字: go bald, deaf, insane, etc 发秃、 聋、 疯等. It is used similarly of things 这个字还可用於指事物由强转弱: The meat's gone off/bad. 肉变味了[坏了]. * The radio's gone wrong. 收音机出毛病了. 4 Go and turn are used when people or things change colour *go和turn可用於指人或事物的颜色变化: She went/turned blue with cold. 她冻得脸色发[变]青了. * The rotten meat went/turned green. 这块腐烂的肉发[变]绿了.

becquerel
[5bekErel; bek'rel] n (physics 物) SI unit of radioactivity 贝克勒尔（放射性强度的标准国际单位）.

bed
1[bed; bed] n 1 (a) [C, U] thing to sleep or rest on, esp a piece of furniture with a mattress and coverings 床: * go to bed 去睡; 就寝 * be in bed 卧床; 睡觉 * get out of/into bed 起[上]床 * sit on the bed 坐在床上 * a room with two single beds/a double bed 有两张单人床[一张双人床]的房间 * The tramp's bed was a park bench. 公园里的长凳就是这个流浪汉的床. * Can you give me a bed for the night? 你能留我过夜吗? (b) [U] being in bed; use of a bed; sleep or rest 睡觉; 卧床休息: * I've put the children to bed. 我安置孩子们去睡觉了. * He has a mug of cocoa before bed. 他临睡前喝一缸子可可. * It's time for bed. 该睡觉了. (c) [C] mattress 床垫: * a feather bed 羽绒床垫 * a spring bed 弹簧床垫. (d) [U] (fig infml 比喻, 口) sexual intercourse 性交: * They think of nothing but bed! 他们不想别的, 光想着行房! 2 [C] bottom of the sea, a river, a lake, etc （海、 河、 湖等的）底部: * explore the ocean bed 探测海底. 3 layer of clay, rock, etc below the surface soil; stratum （地表下由黏土、 岩石等构成的）分层; 地层: * a bed of clay, limestone, sand, etc 一层黏土、 石灰石、 沙子等. 4 [C] (a) flat base on which sth rests; foundation 基座; 基础: * The machine rests on a bed of concrete. 机器安装在混凝土基座上. (b) layer of rock, stone, etc as a foundation for a road or railway （公路或铁路的）路基. 5 garden plot; piece of ground for growing flowers, vegetables, etc 园圃里的小块种植地; 种植花草、 菜蔬等的地块: * a `seed-bed 苗床 * `flower-beds 花坛 * a bed of herbs 一片药草地. 6 (idm 习语) as one ,makes one's bed, so one must `lie on it (saying 谚) one must accept the consequences of one's own actions 自作自受; 自食其果. ,bed and `board overnight accommodation and meals （过夜的）膳宿. ,bed and `breakfast (abbrs 缩写 B and B, b and b) sleeping accommodation and a meal the next morning, in hotels, etc （旅馆之类的）夜宿兼包次日早餐:

bed1
* Bed and breakfast costs 15 a night. 留宿一夜兼包次日早餐费用为15英镑. a bed of `roses pleasant carefree living 快乐人生; 优哉游哉的生活: * Life isn't a bed of roses. 人生并非事事称心如意. die in one's bed => die2. early to bed and early to rise => early. go to bed with sb (infml 口) have sexual intercourse with sb 与某人性交. have got out of bed on the wrong side be bad-tempered for the whole day 整天情绪不好. make the `bed arrange the sheets, blankets, etc so that the bed is ready for somebody to sleep in 铺床. take to one's `bed go to one's bed because of illness and stay there 卧病在床. wet the/one's bed => wet v. 复合： `bedbug n wingless blood-sucking insect that lives in beds, etc 臭虫. `bedclothes n [pl] sheets, blankets, pillows, etc 床上用 品（床单、 毯子、 枕头等）. `bedfellow n (a) person with whom one shares a bed 同床者. (b) (fig 比喻) associate; companion 同事; 伙伴: The fortunes of war create strange bedfellows, ie unexpected alliances. 战乱使人萍水相逢（意料之外的结合）. `bed-linen n [U] sheets and pillowcases 床单及枕头套. `bedpan n container for use as a lavatory by a person who is ill and in bed （卧床病人用的）便盆. `bedpost n each of the upright supports at the corners of a bedstead (esp the old-fashioned type) （尤指旧式床的）床柱. `bedridden adj confined to bed, esp permanently, because of illness or weakness （因患病或体弱）卧床不起的（尤指长期的）. `bedrock n [U] (a) solid rock beneath loose soil, sand, etc 松土、 沙子等下面的坚固的岩石: reach/get down to bedrock 深及基岩. (b) (fig 比喻) basic facts or principles 基本的事实或原则: the bedrock of one's beliefs 基本信念. `bedroll n (esp US and NZ 尤用於美国及新西兰) portable bedding that can be rolled into a bundle (as used by campers) 铺盖卷（如露营者所用的）.

bed2
`bedroom n room for sleeping in 卧室. `bedside n [usu sing 通常作单数] 1 area beside a bed 床边: [attrib 作定语] a bedside table 床头小几. 2 (idm 习语) ,bedside `manner doctor's way of dealing with a patient 医疗服务态度: Dr Green has a good bedside manner, ie He is tactful and pleasant. 格林医生对病人的态度很好（他讲究方式方法, 使人愉快）. ,bed-`sitting-room (also infml 口语亦作 ,bed-`sitter, `bed-sit) n (Brit) room used for both living and sleeping in 卧室兼起居室. `bedsore n sore on an invalid caused by lying in bed for a long time 褥疮. `bedspread n top cover spread over a bed 床罩. `bedstead n framework of wood or metal supporting the springs and mattress of a bed （木质或金属的）床架. `bedtime n [U] time for going to bed 就寝时间: His bedtime is eight o'clock. 他的就寝时间是八点钟. * It's long past your bedtime. 你的就寝时间早就过了. * [attrib 作定语] a bedtime story, ie one read to a child at bedtime 睡前故事（给孩子临睡前讲的故事）. `bed-wetting n [U] urinating in bed while asleep 尿床.

bedaub
[bi'dC:b; bi'dCb] v [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: * Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth/sb (with sth) smear sth/sb (with sth dirty, sticky, etc) （用脏物、 黏物等）涂抹某物[某人]: * faces bedaubed with grease-paint 用油彩抹过的脸.

bedeck
[bi'dek; bi'dek] v [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: * Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth/sb (with sth) adorn or decorate sth/sb 装饰, 打扮某物[某人]: * streets bedecked with flags 饰以旗帜的街道.

bedevil
[bi'devl; bi'devl] v (-ll-; US -l-) [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] trouble (sb/sth) greatly; torment; afflict 使（某人[某物]）大为困扰, 烦恼; 折磨: * an industry bedevilled with strikes 为罢工所困扰的企业 * a family bedevilled by misfortune 遭遇到不幸的家庭 * Bad weather bedevilled our plans. 因为天气恶劣我们的计划大受影响.

bedlam
[5bedlEm; 5bedlEm] n [U] scene of noisy confusion; uproar 乱哄哄的场面; 喧嚣: * What's happening in that room? It's (like) bedlam in there. 那个房间里怎麽了? 乱哄哄的.

bedouin
(also Bedouin)[5beduin; 5beduin] n (pl unchanged 复数不变) member of a nomadic Arab people living in tents in the desert 贝都因人（在沙漠中居住於帐篷里的阿拉伯游牧部落中的人）: * [attrib 作定语] a bedouin tribe 阿拉伯游牧部落.

bedraggled
[bi'drAgld; bi'drAgld] (also draggled) adj made wet or dirty by rain, mud, etc; untidy （被雨、 泥等）弄湿或弄脏的; 不整齐的: * bedraggled appearance, clothes, hair 邋遢的样子、 衣服、 头发 * The tents looked very bedraggled after the storm. 暴风雨过後帐篷又湿又脏.

bee
line

Beeb
[bi:b; bib] n the Beeb [sing] (infml 口) the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) 英国广播公司.

beech
[bi:tF; bitF] n (a) [C] (also `beech tree) type of tree with smooth bark, shiny leaves and small triangular nuts 山毛榉. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page i. (b) [U] its wood 其木材.

beef
[bi:f; bif] n 1 (a) [U] flesh of an ox, a bull or a cow, used as meat （食用）牛肉: * [attrib 作定语] beef cattle, ie those bred and reared for their meat 菜牛（饲养以供肉食的牛）. (b) [C] (pl beeves/bi:vz; bivz] ) ox, etc bred for meat 菜牛. 2 [U] (infml 口) muscular strength 体力: * He's got plenty of beef. 他力气很大. 3 [C] (pl beefs) (sl 俚) grumble; complaint 怨言; 牢骚. 派生： beef v (sl 俚) 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (about sth/sb) grumble; complain 抱怨; 发牢骚: What are you beefing about now? 你在发甚麽牢骚? 2 (phr v) beef sth up (infml 口 esp US) add force or weight to sth 加强; 加重: The new evidence beefed up their case. 有了新的证据, 他们的理由更充足了. beefy adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) having a strong muscular body 身强体壮的; 肌肉发达的: He's big and beefy. 他身材魁梧, 肌肉发达. beefiness n [U]. 复合： beefburger[5bi:fbE:gE(r); 5bif7bEgl] n hamburger 汉堡包. `beefsteak n thick piece of beef for grilling, etc 牛排. beef `tea drink, usu for people who are ill, made by boiling beef in water 牛肉汁（通常作病人进补用）.

beefeater
[5bi:fi:tE(r); 5bif7itl] n (Brit) guard at the Tower of London; Yeoman of the Guard 伦敦塔的卫兵; 英王仪仗卫士.

been
pp of be. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Been is used as the past participle of both `be' and `go' *been用作`be'和`go'两字的过去分词: I've never been seriously ill (be). 我从未得过大病（动词原形为 be）. * I've never been to London (go). 我从未去过伦敦（动词原形为 go）. Gone is also a past participle of `go' *gone也是`go'的过去分词: They've been to the cinema means that they went and have returned. ‘他们去过电影院’意思是他们去了而且已回来了. They've gone to the cinema means that they went and are not back yet. ‘他们去电影院了’意思是他们去了但是还没回来.

beep
[bi:p; bip] n short high-pitched sound, as made by a car horn or by electronic equipment （汽车喇叭或电子设备所发出的）嘟嘟声, 哔哔声. 派生： beep v [I] make this sound 发嘟嘟声; 发哔哔声: The computer beeps regularly. 计算机发出有规律的哔哔声.

beer
[biE(r); bir] n 1 (a) [U] alcoholic drink made from malt and flavoured with hops, etc 啤酒: * a barrel, bottle, glass of beer 一桶、 瓶、 杯啤酒 * [attrib 作定语] a `beer glass 啤酒杯. (b) [C] type of beer 啤酒的一种: * beers brewed in Germany 产於德国的啤酒. (c) [C] glass of beer 一杯啤酒: * Two beers, please. 劳驾, 来两杯啤酒. 2 [U, C] (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) other fermented drink made from roots, etc 用植物的根等经过发酵制成的其他饮料: * ,ginger-`beer. 3 (idm 习语) ,beer and `skittles pleasure; amusement 欢乐; 吃喝玩乐: * Marriage isn't all beer and skittles, ie isn't always free of trouble. 婚姻生活并不尽是吃喝玩乐（有时也免不了有些烦恼）. small beer => small. 派生： beery[5biEri; 5biri] adj like or smelling of beer 似啤酒的; 啤酒味的: * a beery taste, smell 啤酒的味道、 气味 * beery men 身上有啤酒味的人. 复合： `beer-mat n small, usu cardboard, table-mat for a beer glass 啤酒杯垫（通常由硬纸板制成）.

beeswax
[5bi:zwAks; 5biz7wAks] n [U] yellowish wax made by bees for building honeycombs, also used for making wood polish 蜂蜡; 黄蜡.

beet
[bi:t; bit] n [U, C] 1 type of plant with a fleshy root which is used as a vegetable or for making sugar 甜菜. 2 (US) = beet.

beetle
1[5bi:tl; 5bitl] n any of several types of insect, often large and black, with hard wing-cases 甲虫. 派生： beetle v (phr v) beetle along, about, away, off, etc (infml 口) move along, etc quickly, either on foot or in a car; hurry 急速移动（步行或乘车）; 急急忙忙: The kids beetled off home. 孩子们急急忙忙回家去了.

beetling
[5bi:tliN; 5bitliN] adj [attrib 作定语] over-hanging; jutting out 悬垂的; 突出的: * beetling cliffs 悬崖.

beetroot
[5bi:tru:t; 5bit7rut] (US beet) n 1 [U, C] dark red fleshy root of the beet plant, eaten as a vegetable when cooked 甜菜根. 2 (idm 习语) red as a beetroot => red.

beeves
pl of beef 2.

befall
[bi'fC:l; bi'fCl] v (pt befell/bi'fel; bi'fel] , pp befallen/bi'fC:lEn; bi'fClEn] ) [I, Tn] (used only in the 3rd person 只用於第叁人称) (arch 古) happen to (sb) 降临到（某人）头上; 发生: * We shall never leave you, whatever befalls. 不管发生什麽事情, 我们永远也不会离开你. * A great misfortune befell him. 一场大难降临到他的头上.

befit
[bi'fit; bi'fit] v (-tt-) [Tn] (used only in the 3rd person 只用於第叁人称) (fml 文) be right and suitable for (sb); be appropriate for 适合於（某人）; 合适: * You should dress in a way that befits a woman of your position. 你的衣着应与你这种地位的妇女相称. * It ill befits a priest to act uncharitably. 当牧师而不以慈悲为怀是不合适的. 派生： befitting adj appropriate 适当的: act with befitting modesty 谦恭得体. befittingly adv.

befog
[bi'fCg; bi'fag] v (-gg-) [Tn] confuse (sb/sth); make unclear or obscure 把（某人[某事物]）弄糊涂; 使模糊: * Old age had befogged his mind. 他老糊涂了.

before
1[bi'fC:(r); bi'fCr] adv at an earlier time; in the past; already 以前; 过去; 已经: * You should have told me so before. 你早就应该告诉我. * It had been fine the day/week before, ie the previous day/week. 前一天[一周]天气很好（以过去某时为准的前一天[一周]）. * That had happened long before, ie a long time earlier. 那事老早就发生了（比过去某时早得多）. * I've seen that film before. 我以前看过那部影片. =>Usage at before2 用法见before2. Cf 参看 after1, afterwards.

beforehand
[bi'fC:hAnd; bi'fCr7hAnd] adv 1 in advance; in readiness; earlier 预先; 有准备地; 较早: * I had made preparations beforehand. 我预先作了准备. * He warned me beforehand what to expect. 他预先提醒过我这件事. * We were aware of the problem beforehand. 我们事先就知道有这个问题. 2 ~ (with sth) early or too early 早; 过早: * She is always beforehand with the rent, ie is ready to pay it before it is due. 她总是提前把租金准备好. Cf 参看 behindhand.

befriend
[bi'frend; bi'frend] v [Tn] act as a friend to (sb); be kind to (esp sb needing help) 对（某人）尽朋友之道; 对（某人, 尤指需要帮助者）照顾: * They befriended the young girl, providing her with food and shelter. 他们热心地照顾这个年轻的姑娘, 给她吃的、 给她住处. * We were befriended by a stray dog. 有一只失散的狗倒和我们很好.

befuddled
[bi'fQdld; bi'fQdld] adj made stupid; confused 搞糊涂的; 迷迷糊糊的: * his befuddled mind 他那糊涂的头脑 * be befuddled by drink, old age 因喝酒、 年老而迷迷糊糊.

beg
[beg; beg] v (-gg-) 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (from sb); ~ (for) sth (from/of sb) ask for (money, food, clothes, etc) as a gift or as charity; make a living in this way 乞求（金钱、 食物、 衣服等）; 行乞: * There are hundreds begging in the streets. 街上有数以百计的乞丐. * a begging letter, ie one that asks for help, esp money 求援信（尤指要求金钱资助的） * He was so poor he had to beg (for) money from passers-by. 他穷得要向行人乞求布施. 2 [Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Tf, Tt, Cn.t] ~ sth (of sb)[~ (sb) for sth ask earnestly or humbly (for sth) 恳求, 祈求（某事物）: * Set him free, I beg (of) you! 放开他吧, 我求求你! * May I beg a favour (of you)? 可以（请你）帮个忙吗? * He begged mercy (of the king). 他祈求（国王）宽恕. * He begged (her) for forgiveness. 他请求（她）原谅. * The boy begged that he might be allowed/begged to be allowed to come with us. 这男孩子恳求允许他和我们一道来. * I beg (of) you not to take any risks. 我恳求你不要冒险. =>Usage at ask 用法见 ask. 3 [I, Ipr] ~ (for sth) (of a dog) stand on the hind legs with the front paws raised expectantly （指狗）用後腿站立前爪抬起作乞求状: * teach one's dog to beg (for its food) 教狗乞食. 4 (idm 习语) beg leave to do sth (fml 文) ask for permission to do sth 请求准许干某事: * I beg leave to address the Council. 我请求允许向议会发表演说. beg sb's `pardon apologize to sb for sth one had done or said, or intends to do or say, that is inconvenient for others or is considered rude in polite society 请原谅, 很抱歉（言行失当或失礼时常作此语）. beg the `question not deal properly with the matter being discussed by assuming that a question needing an answer has been answered （假定需解决的问题已解决, 用以）回避正题: * Your proposal begs the question whether a change is needed at all. 到底是否需要改革, 你的提议回避了问题的实质. I beg to differ (used to express disagreement with sb 用以表示与某人意见不一致):

beg1
* `He's clearly the best candidate.’ `I beg to differ.’ ‘他显然是最合适的候选人了.’‘恕我不能赞同.’ go `begging (of things) be unwanted （指物）不想要的; 没人要的: * If that sandwich is going begging, I'll have it. 这份叁明治没人要, 我就要了. I beg your pardon (a) I am sorry; please excuse me 对不起; 请原谅: * `You've taken my seat.’`Oh I beg your pardon!’ ‘你占了我的座位了.’‘噢, 真对不起!’ (b) please repeat that 请重复一遍: * I beg your pardon I didn't hear what you said. 请再说一遍--我没听见你刚才说的话. (c) (expressing anger 表示气愤) I must object; I am offended 我可不依; 得罪了我: * I beg your pardon but the woman you're insulting happens to be my wife. 请你尊重些, 你侮辱的这个女人正是我的妻子. 5 (phr v) beg off ask to be excused from doing sth 请求不做某事: * He promised to attend but then begged off. 他本来答应出席的, 但後来却推辞了. beg sb off ask that sb be excused or released, esp from a punishment 为某人说情, 请求原谅某人（尤指免於处罚）.

began
pt of begin.

beget
[bi'get; bi'get] v (-tt-; pt begot/bi'gCt; bi'gat] or, in archaic use, 古语拼作 begat/bi'gt; bi'gAt] , pp begotten/bi'gCtn; bi'gatn] ) [Tn] 1 (arch 古) be the father of (sb) 为（某人）之父: * Abraham begat Isaac. 亚伯拉罕生了以撒. 2 (fml or dated 文或旧) cause (sth); result in 产生（某事物）; 导致: * War begets misery and ruin. 战争是苦难与毁灭的祸根.

beggar
[5begE(r); 5begl] n 1 person who lives by begging; very poor person 乞丐; 很穷的人. 2 (infml 口) person; fellow 人; 家伙: * You lucky beggar! 你这幸运的家伙! * The cheeky beggar! 不要脸的家伙! 3 (idm 习语) ,beggars can't be `choosers (infml saying 口, 谚) when you have no choice, you must be satisfied with what is available 叫花子不能挑肥拣瘦（无选择馀地, 只好有什麽算什麽）; 饥不择食: * I would have preferred a bed, but beggars can't be choosers so I slept on the sofa. 我本想要张床, 但是叫花子不能挑肥拣瘦, 所以我就睡在沙发上了. 派生： beggar v 1 [Tn] make (sb/sth) poor; impoverish; ruin 使（某人[某事物]）穷, 贫困; 毁坏: a nation beggaredby crippling taxes 困於苛捐杂税的国民. 2 (idm 习语) beggar de`scription be too extraordinary to describeadequately 难以形容: a sunset which beggared description妙不可言的日落景象 * His conduct is so bad it beggars (all) description. 他的品行之坏不可名状. beggarly adj 1 very poor 赤贫的; 极穷的. 2 mean; ungenerous 刻薄的; 吝啬的: a beggarly wage 菲薄的工资. beggary n [U] extreme poverty 赤贫: be reduced to beggary 陷於极度贫困之中.

begin
[bi'gin; bi'gin] v (-nn-; pt began/bi'gn; bi'gAn] , pp begun/bi'gQn; bi'gQn] ) 1 (a) [Tn] set (sth) in motion; start 使（某物）启动; 开始: * begin work, a meeting 开始工作、 开会 * The building hasn't even been begun. 这座建 物还没有动工呢. * I began school (ie attended it for the first time) when I was five. 我五岁入学. * He has begun (ie started reading or writing) a new book. 他已开始读（或写）一本新书. (b) [I] be set in motion; start 启动; 开始: * When does the concert begin? 音乐会什麽时候开始? * The meeting will begin at nine. 会议将在九点开始. * Building began last year. 建 工程去年已经开始. 2 (a) [Tt] (used to indicate states of mind, or mental activities, which are starting 用以指心理状态和思维活动的开始): * She began to feel dizzy. 她感到头昏眼花. * I'm beginning to understand. 我逐渐明白了. * I was beginning to think you'd never come. 我开始意识到你永远不会来了. (b) [Tt, Tg] (used to indicate a process that is beginning, the subject being a thing, not a person 用以指一过程的开始, 主语是物而不是人): * The paper was beginning to peel off the walls. 墙上的纸渐渐脱落了. * The barometer began to fall. 气压计的读数开始下降. * The water is beginning to boil. 水逐渐沸腾起来. => Usage 见所附用法. 3 [I, Ipr] be the first to do sth or take the first step in doing sth （在做某事时）作为起始者或作为第一步: * Shall I begin (ie take the first step or be the first to speak)? 我可以开始说了吗[可以由我开始吗]? * Let's begin at (ie start from) page 9. 我们从第9页开始吧. * She's begun on (ie started writing or reading) a new novel. 她已开始写（或阅读）一本新小说. * I have to begin with an apology. 我得首先表示歉意. 4 [I, Ipr] have its starting-point or first element; have its nearest boundary 起始於; 起源於; 最接近的界限为:

begin1
* When does spring end and summer begin? 春天在什麽时候结束, 夏天从什麽时候开始? * The new fare will be 1, beginning (from) next month. 从下月起, 新车费为1英镑. * The English alphabet begins with `A' and ends with `Z'. 英文字母表以A开始, 以Z结束. 5 [Tt] (infml 口) (usu in negative sentences 用於否定句) make an attempt to do sth; show some likelihood of doing sth 意欲做某事物; 显出要做某事物的样子: * The authorities couldn't even begin to assess the damage, ie because it was so great. 当局简直无从估计其损失. * I can't begin to thank you, ie I don't know what to say to thank you properly. 我真不知道该怎样感谢你. * He didn't even begin to understand. 他半点儿也不懂. =>Usage 见所附用法. 6 (idm 习语) charity begins at home => charity. to begin with (a) in the first place; firstly 首先; 第一: * I'm not going. To begin with I haven't a ticket, and secondly I don't like the play. 我不去. 一来我没票, 二来我不喜欢这出戏. (b) at first 起初: * To begin with he had no money, but later he became quite rich. 他起初没钱, 可是後来相当富有了. =>Usage at hopeful 用法见 hopeful. 派生： beginner n 1 person who is just beginning to learn or do sth 初学者; 新手. 2 (idm 习语) beginner's `luck good luck or accidental success at the start of learning to do sth 初学者的好运气或意外成功. beginning n 1 (a) first part 开始的部分: I missed the beginning of the film. 我没能看到这部影片的开头. * You've made a good beginning. 你已经做出了良好的开端. (b) starting-point 起点: Recite the poem (right) from the (very) beginning. 从头开始背诵这首诗. * I've read the book from beginning to end. 我把这本书从头到尾看完了. 2 (often pl 常作复数) source; origin 源; 根源: Did democracy have its beginnings in Athens? 民主制度是创始於雅典吗?

begin2
* Many big businesses start from small beginnings. 许多大企业都是从小企业起步的. 3 (idm 习语) the ,beginning of the `end first clear sign of the final (and usu unfavourable) outcome 结局（通常为不利者）的前兆: Defeat in this important battle was the beginning of the end for us. 这场重要战役的失利是我们败局已定的前兆. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: 1 Very often begin and start can be used in the same way, though start is more common in informal speech *begin和start的用法往往相同, 但start多用於口语: What time do you begin/start work in the morning? 你上午几点钟开始工作? * The concert begins/starts at 7.30 pm. 音乐会晚上7时30分开始. 2 After continuous tenses of begin and start we do not normally use the -ing form of a verb 在begin和start的进行时态之後, 一般不用动词的-ing形式: He began/started crying/to cry but It's starting/beginning to rain (NOT raining). ‘他哭起来了’（英文句中可用crying/to cry）, 但‘下起雨来了’（英文句中不可用raining）. 3 In some senses only start can be used 有些词义只可用start: If we want to get there tonight, we should start (ie set off) now. 假设我们想今天晚上到那里, 现在就得动身. * The car won't start/I can't start the car. 这辆汽车发动不起来[这辆汽车我发动不起来].

begone
[bi'gCn; - -'gC:n; bi'gCn] interj (arch 古) go away immediately 走开.

begonia
[bi'gEuniE; bi'goniE] n garden plant with brightly coloured leaves and flowers 秋海棠.

begorra
[bi'gCrE; bi'garE] interj (Irish 爱尔兰) By God! 天哪!

begot, begotten
pt, pp of beget.

begrudge
[bi'grQdV; bi'grQdV] v 1 [Tn, Tg, Tsg] resent or be dissatisfied with (sth) 对（某事物）感到不快或不满: * I begrudge every penny I pay in tax. 我交税交的每一便士心里都不痛快. 2 [Dn.n] envy (sb) the possession of (sth) 忌妒（某人）有（某事物）: * Nobody begrudges you your success. 没有人忌妒你的成功. > begrudgingly adv.

beguile
[bi'gail; bi'gail] (dated or fml 旧或文) 1 (a) [Tn] charm (sb) 迷住（某人）: * The travellers were beguiled by the beauty of the landscape. 游客对这美丽的景色赞叹不已. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (with sth) win the attention or interest of sb; amuse sb 吸引某人的注意或兴趣; 使某人快乐: * He beguiled us with many a tale ofadventure. 他讲了许多冒险故事, 我们听得津津有味. (c)[Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with/by sth) cause (time, etc) to pass pleasantly 使（时间等）过得愉快: * Our journey was beguiled with spirited talk. 我们旅行中谈笑风生, 过得很愉快. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (into doing sth) deceive sb 欺骗某人: * They were beguiled into giving him large sumsof money. 他们受骗, 给了他一大笔钱. > beguilementn [U]. beguiling adj. beguilingly adv.

begum
[5beigEm; begEm] n Muslim woman of high rank 穆斯林贵妇.

begun
pp of begin.

behalf
[bi'ha:f; - -'hf; bi'hAf] n (idm 习语) on behalf of sb/on sb's behalf; US in behalf of sb/in sb's behalf as the representative of or spokesman for sb; in the interest of sb 做某人的代表或代言人; 为某人之利益: * On behalf of my colleagues and myself I thank you. 我代表我的同事以及我自己向你表示谢意. * Ken is not present, so I shall accept the prize on his behalf. 肯不在场, 所以我代表他领奖. * The legal guardian must act on behalf of the child. 法定监护人应该维护这个孩子的利益. * Don't be uneasy on my behalf, ie about me. 不要为我担心.

behave
[bi'heiv; bi'hev] v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ well, badly, etc (towards sb) act or conduct oneself in the specified way （举止或行为）表现: * She behaves (towards me) more like a friend than a mother. 她像朋友一样（待我）, 而不像是我的母亲. * He has behaved shamefully towards his wife. 他对妻子的态度很可耻. 2 [I, Tn] ~ (oneself) show good manners; conduct oneself well 表现良好; 行为良好: * Children, please behave (yourselves)! 孩子们, 规矩些! 3 [I] (of machines, etc) work or function well (or in another specified way) （指机器等）运转或性能良好: * How's your new car behaving? 你的新汽车好使吗? 派生： -behaved (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) behaving in a specified way 有某种表现的:well-/ ill-/ badly-behaved children.

behaviour
(US behavior)[bi'heivjE(r); bi'hevjl] n 1 [U] way of treating others; manners 待人态度; 举止: * She was ashamed of her children's (bad) behaviour. 她因为她的孩子不规矩而感到羞愧. * Their behaviour towards me shows that they do not like me. 从他们对我的态度可以看出他们不喜欢我. 2 [U] way of acting or functioning 行为方式; 活动方式: * study the behaviour of infants, apes, bees 研究婴儿、 猿猴、 蜜蜂的活动习性. 3 (idm 习语) be on one's best behaviour => best1. 派生： behavioural (US -oral)[-jErEl; -jErEl] adj of behaviour 行为的. be,havioural `science study of human behaviour 行为科学. behaviourism (US -orism)[-jErizEm; -jEr7izEm] n [U] (psychology 心) doctrine that all human actions could, if full knowledge were available, be explained by stimulus and response 行为主义. behaviourist (US -orist)[-jErist; -jErist] n believer in this doctrine 行为主义者.

behead
[bi'hed; bi'hed] v [Tn] cut off the head of (sb), esp as a punishment 砍（某人）的头（尤指刑罚）: * Anne Boleyn was beheaded in 1536. 安妮．博林於1536年被斩首.

beheld
pt, pp of behold.

behest
[bi'hest; bi'hest] n (idm 习语) at sb's be`hest (dated or fml 旧或文) on sb's orders 听命; 遵命: * at the king's behest/at the behest of the king 奉谕旨.

behind
1[bi'haind; bi'haind] prep 1 (a) in or to a position at the back of (sb/sth) 在或向（某人[某事物]）的後面: * Who's the girl standing behind Richard? 站在理查德後面的那个姑娘是谁? * Stay close behind me in the crowd. 在人群里你要紧紧地跟着我. * The golf course is behind our house. 高尔夫球场在我们房屋的後面. * a small street behind the station 车站後面的一条小街 * She glanced behind her. 她向身後看了一眼. * work behind the counter, eg as a sales assistant in a shop 站柜台 * Don't forget to lock the door behind you, ie when you leave. 别忘了出门时把门锁上. * (fig 比喻) The accident is behind you now (ie in the past), so forget about it. 事情已经过去了, 别再想它了. (b) on the other side of (sb/sth) 在（某人[某事物]）的另一面: * hide behind a tree 躲在树的後面 * Behind the curtain she found a door. 在 子的後面她发现了一个门. * The sun disappeared behind the clouds. 太阳躲到云层里去了. Cf 参看 in front of (front). =>Usage at before2 用法见 before2. 2 making less progress than (sb/sth) 落後於（某人[某事物]）: * He's behind the rest of the class in reading. 他在阅读方面不如班上的其他同学. * Britain is behind Japan in developing modern technology. 在发展现代技术方面英国落後於日本. * be behind schedule, ie late 落後於预定计划. 3 supportive of (sb/sth); in favour of 支持（某人[某事物]）; 赞成: * My family is right behind me in my ambition to become a doctor. 我们家对我立志当医生完全赞同. * He's trying to win the election with only 30% of voters behind him. 他正争取在选举中取胜, 虽然只有30%的选民支持他. 4 responsible for starting or developing (sth) 作为发生或发展（某事物）的起因: * the thought that was behind the suggestion 提出这个建议的想法 * the man behind the scheme to build a new hospital 兴建新医院这一方案的发起人.

behind1
5 (idm 习语) be behind sth be the reason for sth 是某事物的原因: * What's behind the smart suit and eager smile? 穿得这样漂亮、 笑得这样甜, 究竟是什麽原因?

behindhand
[bi'haindhAnd; bi'haind7hAnd] adj [pred 作表语] ~ (with/in sth) in arrears or late (esp in paying a debt) 拖欠; 晚交（尤指欠款）: * be behindhand with the rent 欠租 * get behindhand in one's work 拖延工作 * He is never behindhand in offering advice, ie is always eager to advise. 他向别人提出劝告从来都很及时（一向热衷於劝人）. Cf 参看 beforehand.

behold
[bi'hEuld; bi'hold] v (pt, pp beheld/bi'held; bi'held] ) 1 [Tn] (arch or rhet 古或修辞) (often imperative 常用於祈使语气) see (esp sth unusual) 看（尤指不寻常之物）: * The babe was a wonder to behold. 这个婴孩看上去令人称奇. * Behold the king! 看, 国王驾到! 2 (idm 习语) lo and behold => lo. > beholder n.

beholden
[bi'hEuldEn; bi'holdEn] adj [pred 作表语] ~ to sb (for sth) (dated or fml 旧或文) owing thanks or indebted to sb 感激某人; 欠某人人情: * We were much beholden to him for his kindness. 我们对他的好意感激万分.

behove
[bi'hEuv; bi'hov] (US behoove/bi'hu:v; bi'huv] ) v [Tnt] (used with it; not in the continuous tenses 与it连用, 不用於进行时态) (dated or fml 旧或文) be right or necessary for (sb) 对（某人）来说理应或必须: * It behoves you (ie You ought) to be courteous at all times. 你应当时时刻刻注意礼节. * It ill behoves Anne (ie She ought not) to speak thus of her benefactor. 安不应该这样谈论她的恩人.

beige
[beiV; beV] adj, n [U] (of a) very light yellowish brown 米黄色（的）: * a beige carpet 米色地毯.

being
[5bi:iN; 5biiN] n 1 [U] (a) existence 存在: * the richest company in being today 现今实力最为雄厚的公司 * What is the purpose of our being? 我们生存的目的是什麽? (b) one's essence or nature; self 本质; 本性; 本身: * I detest violence with my whole being. 我从心底里憎恶暴力. 2 [C] living creature 生物: * human beings 人 * a strange being from another planet 来自其他星球的奇异生物. 3 (idm 习语) bring sth into `being cause sth to have reality or existence; create sth 使某事物产生或存在; 创造出某物. ,come into `being begin to exist 开始存在: * When did the world come into being? 世界是何时开始存在的?

bejewelled
(US bejeweled)[bi'dVu:Eld; bi'dVuEld] adj decorated or adorned with jewels 饰以珠宝的.

belabour
(US belabor)[bi'leibE(r); bi'lebl] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (with sth) (arch 古) beat sb/sth hard; attack sb/sth 使劲打某人[某物]; 攻击: * He belaboured the donkey mercilessly. 他恶狠狠地猛抽那头驴. * (fig 比喻) They belaboured us with insults. 他们对我们肆加凌辱.

belated
[bi'leitid; bi'letid] adj coming very late or too late 来得很迟的; 来得太迟的: * a belated apology, Christmas card 为时已晚的道歉、 来迟了的圣诞贺卡. > belatedly adv.

belay
[bi'lei; bi'le] v [Tn] (in mountaineering and sailing) fix (a rope) round a peg, rock, etc in order to secure it （登山和航海时）将（绳索）系绕於（桩子、 岩石等）上以固定之. 派生： belay/ bI5leI; bI`le, also, in mountaineering 作登山用词时, 亦作 5bi:leI; 5bile] n fixing a rope in this way 以上述方法固定绳索.

belch
[beltF; beltF] v 1 [I] send out gas from the stomach noisily through the mouth 打嗝. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (out/forth) send sth out from an opening or a funnel; gush sth 从洞穴或烟篛中放出（某物）; 喷出: * factory chimneys belching smoke (into the sky) 工厂中（向天上）冒烟的烟篛 * The volcano belched out smoke and ashes. 火山喷出了烟尘. 派生： belch n act or sound of belching 嗝; 打嗝声: give a loud belch 大声地打了一个嗝.

beleaguer
[bi'li:gE(r); bi'ligl] v [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] 1 besiege (sb/sth) 围住, 围攻（某人[某事物]）: * a beleaguered garrison 被围的要塞. 2 harass (sb) continually 使（某人）苦恼不已: * beleaguered by naughty children 受顽皮孩子的烦扰.

belfry
[5belfri; 5belfri] n 1 tower for bells; part of a church tower in which bells hang 钟楼; 教堂塔楼中悬钟的部分. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page viii. 2 (idm 习语) have bats in the belfry => bat1.

belie
[bi'lai; bi'lai] v (pres p belying, pp belied) [Tn] 1 give a wrong or an untrue idea of (sth) 使人对於（某事物）产生错误的或不符合实际的想法: * His cheerful manner belied his real feelings. 他那快活的样子掩饰了他的真实感情. 2 fail to justify or fulfil (a hope, promise etc) 不足以证明; 未能实现（希望、 诺言等）: * Practical experience belies this theory. 实际经验证明这个理论是错误的.

belief
[bi'li:f; bi'lif] n 1 [U] ~ in sth/sb feeling that sth/sb is real and true; trust or confidence in sth/sb 对某事物[某人]的真实性和正确性所具有的信心; 对某事物[某人]的信仰或信赖: * I haven't much belief in his honesty, ie cannot feel sure that he is honest. 我对他的诚实缺乏足够的信心. * He has great belief in his doctor, ie is confident that his doctor can cure him. 他对那位医生无比信赖. * She has lost her belief in God, ie no longer thinks that God exists. 她已不相信上帝（不相信真有上帝）. 2 [C] (a) thing accepted as true or real; what one believes 认为正确或确实的事物; 信念; 相信: * It is my belief that..., ie It is my firm opinion that... 我相信.... * He acted in accordance with his beliefs. 他按照自己的信念行事. (b) religion or sth taught as part of religion 宗教信仰; 教义: * Christian beliefs 基督教的教义. 3 (idm 习语) beyond be`lief too great, difficult, dreadful, etc to be believed; incredible （因太大、 太难、 太可怕等）难以置信的; 不可思议的: * I find his behaviour (irresponsible) beyond belief. 我发觉他的所作所为（不负责任）到了简直令人难以置信的地步. in the belief that... feeling confident that... 相信...: * He came to me in the belief that I could help him. 他到我这里来, 相信我能帮助他. to the best of one's belief/knowledge => best3.

believe
[bi'li:v; bi'liv] v 1 [Tn, Tw] feel sure of the truth of (sth); accept the statement of (sb) as true 相信（某事物）的真实性; 认为（某人）的话属实: * I believe him/what he says. 我相信他[他的话]. * I'm innocent, please believe me. 我是无辜的, 请相信我吧. * I'll believe it/that when I see it, ie Until I have evidence, I remain sceptical. 我亲眼见到才能相信（尚无证据, 我仍有怀疑）. * I'm told he's been in prison, and I can well believe it, ie it doesn't surprise me. 有人对我说他进过监狱, 我完全能够相信这一点. 2 [Tf, Tw, Tnt] think (perhaps mistakenly); suppose 认为, 以为（容或有误）; 设想: * People used to believe (that) the world was flat. 过去人们以为地球是扁的. * Nobody will believe what difficulty we have had/believe how difficult it has been for us. 谁也想像不到我们遇到了什麽样的困难[这对我们来说一直是多麽困难]. * They believed him to be insane. 他们认为他疯了. * I believe it to have been a mistake. 我认为这一直就是错的. * Mr Smith, I believe, ie I presume you are Mr Smith. 我想您就是史密斯先生吧. * `Is he coming?’ `I believe so/not.’ ‘他来吗?’‘我想他来[不来].’ 3 [I] have religious faith 具有宗教信仰: * He thinks that everyone who believes will go to heaven. 他认为凡是信神者都将进天堂. 4 (idm 习语) be,lieve it or `not it may sound surprising but it is true 信不信由你: * Believe it or not, we were left waiting in the rain for two hours. 信不信由你, 我们冒雨一直等了两个小时. be,lieve (you) `me I assure you 我向你保证: * Believe you me, the government won't meddle with the tax system. 我向你保证, 政府绝不会干预税收制度的. give sb to believe/understand => give1. lead sb to believe => lead3. make believe (that...) pretend 假装: * The boys made believe (that) they were astronauts. 男孩儿们假扮成航天员. Cf 参看 make-believe (make1). not be,lieve one's `ears/`eyes be unable to believe that what one hears or sees is real because one is so astonished 惊讶得无法相信所见所闻是事实. ,seeing is `believing (saying 谚) one needs to see sth before one can believe it exists or happens 眼见为实. ,would you be`lieve (it)?

believe1
(expressing astonishment or dismay 表示惊讶或沮丧) although it is hard to believe 尽管难以置信: * Today, would you believe, she came to work in an evening dress! 说出来你可能不信, 今天她穿了晚礼服来上班! 5 (phr v) believe in sb/sth feel sure of the existence of sb/sth 相信某人[某事物]的存在: * I believe in God. 我信仰上帝. * Do you believe in ghosts? 你相信有鬼吗? believe in sth/sb; believe in doing sth trust sth/sb; feel sure of the worth or truth of sth 相信某事物[某人]; 肯定某事物的价值或正确性: * I believe in his good character. 我相信他品德良好. * Do you believe in nuclear dis-armament? 你认为真能裁减核军备吗? * He believes in getting plenty of exercise. 他相信多做运动必有好处. believe sth of sb accept that sb is capable of a particular action, etc 相信某人在从事某种特殊活动等方面的才能: * If I hadn't seen him doing it I would never have believed it of him. 要不是亲眼看见, 我怎麽也不会相信他能做这事. 派生： believable adj that can be believed 可信的.believably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv. believer n 1 person who believes, esp sb with religious faith 笃信者; （尤指）教徒. 2 (idm 习语) be a (great/firm) believer in sth feel sure of the worth of sth 肯定某事物的价值: I'm not a great believer in (taking) regular physical exercise. 我对经常锻炼身体的好处有点怀疑.

Belisha beacon
[bE'li:FE; bE'liFE] (also beacon) (Brit) post with an orange flashing light on top, marking a pedestrian crossing 人行横道指示灯（为橘黄色闪光灯）.

belittle
[bi'litl; bi'litl] v [Tn] make (a person or an action) seem unimportant or of little value 轻视; 贬低: * Don't belittle yourself, ie Don't be too modest about your abilities or achievements. 不要小看你自己. 派生： belittlement n [U]. belittling adj making sb seem unimportant or worthless 轻视某人的; 小看某人的: I find it belittling to be criticized by someone so much younger than me. 有个比我年轻许多的人批评了我, 我觉得是小看了我.

bell
[bel; bel] n 1 hollow metal object, usu shaped like a cup, that makes a ringing sound when struck 钟; 铃: * church bells 教堂的钟 * a bicycle bell 自行车的铃. =>illus 见插图. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xiii. 2 sound of this as a time-signal （报时的）钟声或铃声: There's the bell for the end of the lesson. 下课铃响了. * The boxer was saved by the bell, ie He escaped further severe treatment when the bell sounded. 那拳击手因铃响而得救（因铃响而免遭对方进一步的打击）. 3 thing shaped like a bell 钟形物. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page x. 4 (idm 习语) clear as a bell => clear1. ring a bell => ring2. sound as a bell => sound1. 复合： `bell-bottoms n [pl] trousers made very wide below the knee 喇叭裤. `bell-bottomed adj (of trousers) made in this way 喇叭式的（指裤）. `bellboy n (US) = page-boy (page2). `bell-buoy n buoy with a warning bell that is made to ring by the movement of the waves 钟铃浮标（随波浪运动而发声）. `bell captain (US) person in charge of bellboys （旅馆男服务员的）领班. `bellhop, `bellman (pl -men) ns (US) = bellboy. `bell-pull n handle or cord pulled to make a bell ring （钟或铃的）柄或拉索. `bell-push n button pressed to operate an electric bell 电铃按钮. `bell-ringer n [C], `bell-ringing n [U] (person) ringingchurch bells 教堂鸣钟（者）. Cf 参看 campanology. `bell-tent n tent supported by a central pole and shaped like a bell 钟形帐篷（由中心立柱支撑, 呈钟形）.

belle
[bel; bel] n beautiful woman or the most beautiful woman in a group, etc 美女; 艳压群芳的美人: * the belle of the ball, ie the most beautiful woman present at a dance 舞会之花（舞会上最美的女子） * the belle of New York 纽约美人.

belles
lettres

bellicose
[5belikEus; 5belE7kos] adj (fml 文) eager to fight; warlike; aggressive 好斗的; 好战的; 寻 的: * abellicose nation, nature 好斗的民族、 天性. > bellicosity/ 9belI5kCsEtI; 9bZlE`kBsEtI/ n [U]. -bellied

bellow
[5belEu; 5belo] v 1 [I] make a deep loud noise like a bull; roar, esp with pain 发出（像牛的）吼叫声; 咆哮（尤指因痛苦）: * The bull bellowed angrily. 公牛怒吼起来. 2 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (at sb) say (sth) loudly or angrily; shout （大声地或愤怒地）说出（某事）; 大叫: * The music was so loud we had to bellow at each other to be heard. 音乐的声音实在太大, 我们只有彼此大声喊叫才能把话听清. * The sergeant bellowed orders at the platoon. 士官向全排士兵大声地发出命令. >bellow n.

belly
[5beli; 5beli] n 1 (a) part of the body below the chest, containing the stomach, bowels and digestive organs; abdomen 腹部. =>illus at horse 见horse之插图. (b) (infml 口) front of the human body from the waist to the groin 肚子. (c) stomach 胃: * with an empty belly, ie hungry 空着肚子（饿着）. 2 bulging or rounded part of sth 物体鼓出或成弧状的部分: * in the belly of a ship 在船腹里. 派生： -bellied[-belid; -belid] (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having a belly of the specified type 有某种类型肚子的: * ,big-`bellied * `pot-bellied. belly v (pt, pp bellied) (phr v) belly (sth) out swell out 鼓胀; 凸出: The sails bellied out. 船帆张得满满的. * The wind bellied out the sails. 大风把帆张得满满的. 复合： `bellyache n [C, U] (infml 口) stomach pain 胃痛. v [I] (infml 口) grumble repeatedly; complain, esp without good reason 怨天尤人, 满腹牢骚（尤指无充分理由）: Stop bellyaching all the time! 别总是满腹牢骚! `belly-button n (infml 口) navel 肚脐. `belly-dance n dance, originating in the Middle East, performed by a woman with erotic movements of the belly 肚皮舞. `belly-dancer n. `belly-flop n (infml 口) clumsy dive in which the body hits the water almost horizontally （身体近乎平着入水的）笨拙跳水. `belly-laugh n (infml 口) deep loud unrestrained laugh 捧腹大笑.

bellyful
[5beliful; 5beli7ful] n (idm 习语) have had a/one's `bellyful of sb/sth (infml 口) have had as much as one can tolerate of sb/sth 受够了（某人[某事物]）: * I've had a/my bellyful of your complaints. 我已经听够了你的怨言.

belong
[bi'lCN; - -lC:N; bE'lCN] v 1 [Ipr] (a) ~ to sb be the property of sb 为某人之财物; 属於: * These books belong to me, ie are mine. 这些书是我的. * Who(m) does this belong to? 这是谁的? (b) ~ to sth be connected with sth or a place; be correctly assigned to sth 与某事物或某处有关联; 派作某种用场正好: * I belong to Glasgow. 我是格拉斯哥人. * That lid belongs to this jar. 那个盖子是配这个瓶子的. 2 ~ to sth be a member of (a group, a family, an organization, etc) 是（某团体、 家庭、 组织等中的）一员: * He has never belonged to a trade union. 他从未加入过工会. * The daffodil belongs to the genus `Narcissus'. 黄水仙是水仙属植物. 3 (a) [Ipr, Ip] ~ (with sb/sth) have a proper or usual place, as specified 应该在某处; 通常在某处: * Where does this belong? ie Where is it kept? 这个应该在什麽地方? * The hammer belongs (in the shed) with the rest of the tools. 这把 子通常和（工具房的）其他工具放在一起. * The vase belongs on this shelf. 花瓶应该放在这个架子上. * A child belongs with (ie should live with and be cared for by) its mother. 孩子应该和母亲在一起（应和母亲一同生活以便得到照顾）. * These items don't belong under this heading, ie are wrongly classified. 这些项目不该列在这个标题下（不属此类）. (b) [I] fit a certain environment 适应某种环境: * He doesn't feel he belongs/has no sense of belonging here, ie He feels an outsider. 他不适应这儿的环境（他觉得自己是外人）. 派生： belongings n [pl] person's movable possessions (ie not land, buildings, etc) 动产（即指除土地、 建 物等之外的财产）: After his death his sister sorted through his (personal) belongings. 他死後, 他妹妹整理了他的（私人）财物. * The tourists lost all their belongings in the hotel fire. 因旅馆失火, 游客财物尽失.

beloved
adj (a)[bi'lQvd; bi'lQvd] [pred 作表语] ~ (by/of sb) much loved 深爱: * This man was beloved by/of all who knew him. 认识他的人都很喜欢他. (b)[bi'lQvid; bi'lQvid] [attrib 作定语] much loved; darling 深爱的; 亲爱的: * in memory of my beloved husband 纪念亲爱的丈夫. 派生： beloved/bi'lQvid; bi'lQvid] n dearly loved person; darling 心爱的人; 爱人: * He wrote a sonnet to his beloved. 他写了一首十四行诗, 献给他心爱的人.

below
[bi'lEu; bE'lo] prep at or to a lower position, level, rank, etc than (sb/sth) 在或向低於（某人[某事物]）的位置、 平面、 等级等: * Please do not write below this line. 请不要写在这条线的下面. * Skirts must be below (ie long enough to cover) the knee. 裙子要长过膝盖以下. * The body was visible below the surface of the lake. 体在湖水下清晰可见. * The temperature remained below freezing all day. 温度整天都在冰点以下. * A sergeant in the police force is below an inspector. 警察中巡佐的职位低於巡官. * The standard of his work is well below the average of his class. 他的成绩大大低於班上的平均成绩. * You can cross the river a short distance below (ie downstream from) the waterfall. 在瀑布下游附近可以过河. Cf 参看 above2. 派生： below adv part 1 at or to a lower level, position or place 在或向较低处: the sky above and the sea below 上面的天, 下面的海 * live on the floor below 住在下一层楼 * hear the music from below 听到从下面传来的音乐声 * See below (eg at the foot of the page) for references. 见下面（如本页末）注解. * The passengers who felt seasick stayed below. 晕船的乘客待在下层. 2 (idm 习语) down below => down. here below => here. Cf 参看 above1.

belt
[belt; belt] n 1 strip of leather, cloth, etc usu worn around the waist 腰带; 裤带: * a coat with a belt attached 有腰带的外套 * a `sword-belt 佩剑带 * You don't need braces if you're wearing a belt! 若系着腰带, 就用不着背带了! 2 endless moving strap, used to connect wheels and so drive machinery or carry things along 传动带; 传送带: * a `fan belt 风扇皮带 * a con`veyor belt 运输带. 3 distinct area, region or extent; zone 地带; 分区; 地区; 区域: * a country's `cotton, `forest, in`dustrial, etc belt 国家的产棉、 森林、 工业等地区 * live in the com`muter belt 住在通勤者居住带 * a belt of rain moving across the country 经该国而移动的降雨带. 4 (sl 俚) heavy blow 重击; 痛打. 5 (idm 习语) (hit sb) below the `belt (fight) unfairly 用不正当手段（攻击）. tighten one's belt => tighten (tight). under one's `belt (infml 口) achieved; obtained 达到的; 获得的: * She already has good academic qualifications under her belt. 她已获得良好学历. 派生： belt v 1 (a) [Tn] put or fasten a belt round (sth) 围绕（某物）系上带子: Your mackintosh looks better belted. 你的雨衣系上带子更好看. (b) [Tn.pr, Tn.p] attach (sth) with a belt 用带子系住（某物）: The officer belted his sword on. 军官用皮带扣住佩刀. 2 [Tn, Dn.n] (sl 俚) thrash (sb); hit 抽打（某人）; 打: If you don't shut up, I'll belt you (one). 你再不闭嘴, 我就揍你（一顿）. 3 (phr v) belt along, up, down, etc (sl 俚) move very fast in the specified direction 向某方向快速移动: A car came belting along (the road). 一辆汽车（沿路）飞速驶来. * He went belting up/down the motorway at 90 mph. 他在高速公路上以每小时90英里的速度疾驶. belt sth out (sl 俚) sing or play sth loudly and forcefully 大声地、 强有力地唱出或奏出: a radio belting out pop music 大声播放流行音乐的收音机. belt `up (a) (infml 口) fasten one's seat-belt

belt1
(esp in a car) 束紧安全带（尤指乘坐汽车时）. (b) (sl 俚) be quiet 安静: Belt up, I can't hear what your mother is saying! 安静点, 我听不见你母亲说的话了. belting n (sl 俚) beating 打: give the boy a good belting, ie thrash him soundly 给这孩子一顿痛打. 复合： `belt line (US) bus or train service that operates around the edge of a city or city area 环城线（围绕城市外缘或市区行驶的公共汽车或火车服务系统）.

bemoan
[bi'mEun; bi'mon] v [Tn] (fml 文) show sorrow for or complain about (sb/sth) 为（某人[某事物]）而悲伤, 抱怨: * bemoan one's sad fate 自叹命苦 * bemoan the shortage of funds for research 抱怨研究经费不足.

bemused
[bi'mju:zd; bi'mjuzd] adj bewildered or confused 困惑的; 茫然的; 不知所措的: * a bemused tone of voice 含混的声调 * He was totally bemused by the traffic system in the city. 这城市里的交通制度把他完全弄糊涂了.

ben
[ben; ben] n (Scot 苏格兰) (esp in names) mountainpeak （尤用於名称中）山峰: * Ben Nevis 尼维斯峰.

bench
[bentF; bentF] n 1 [C] (a) long seat made of wood or stone （木制或石制的）长凳: * a park bench 公园中的长凳. (b) (Brit) (in the House of Commons) seat for a certain group of MPs （下议院中）某类议员的席位: * the back-/cross-/front-benches 後座[中立/前座]议员席 * There was cheering from the Labour benches. 从工党议员席那边响起一阵欢呼声. 2 the bench (a) [sing] lawcourt 法院: * the Queen's Bench, ie a division of the British High Court of Justice 英国高等法院. (b) [sing] judge's seat in court （法院中的）法官席位. (c) [Gp] judges or magistrates as a group 法官（总称）. (d) [Gp] judge(s) or magistrate(s) hearing a case （审理案件的）法官. 3 [C] long working-table for a carpenter, mechanic, scientist, etc （木工、 机修工人、 科研人员等使用的长形的）工作台. 4 (idm 习语) on the `bench appointed as a judge or magistrate 担任法官职务. 复合： `bench-mark n (a) mark cut in a rock, concrete post, etc by surveyors for use in measuring comparative levels, etc 基准点（测量人员在岩石、 混凝土立柱等上面刻下的标记, 用以测量相对高度等. (b) (fig 比喻) standard example or point of reference for making comparisons （供比较之用的）样板或参照点. `bench seat seat (for two or three people) across the whole width of a car （汽车中的）横排长座.

bend
1[bend; bend] v (pt, pp bent/bent; bent] ) 1 [Tn, Tn.p] force (sth that was straight) into an angle; make crooked or curved 使弯曲: * It's hard to bend an iron bar. 把铁棒弄弯很不容易. * The mast was bent during the storm. 桅 在风暴中变弯了. * The heat of the fire has bent these records. 火把这些唱片烤翘了. * Touch your toes without bending your knees. 用手够到你的脚趾, 膝盖别弯曲. * bend the wire up/down/forwards/back 把金属线弯上去[下去/向前/向後]. 2 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip] (of an object) become curved or angular （指物体）弯曲: * The road bends to the right after a few yards. 这条路在几码远的地方转向右方. (b) [I, Ipr, Ip] (of an object) turn downwards in a curve （指物体）向下弯: * The branch bent but didn't break when the boy climbed along it. 那男孩爬上树枝时, 树枝弯曲了, 但是没有折断. (c) [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (cause sb/sth to) bow or stoop (in a specified direction) （使某人）弯腰, 弯身; （使某物沿某方向）弯: * She bent down and picked it up. 她俯身把它拾起来. * He bent forward to listen to the child. 他弯下身来听那孩子说话. * The boy bent over to be caned. 那男孩子撅过屁股来挨 条打. * They (were) bent double crouching under the table. 他们蜷着身子蹲在桌子底下. * His head was bent over a book. 他埋头读书. 3 [Tn.pr, Tn.p] turn (sth) in a new direction 使（某物）转到新的方向: * We bent our steps towards home. 我们转过脚步朝家走. 4 (idm 习语) bend the `rules change or interpret the rules, laws, etc in a way that suits oneself or the circumstances （根据情况）放宽规定; 变通; 通融. bend one's mind to sth direct one's thoughts to sth 专心於某事物: * He couldn't bend his mind to his studies. 他不能专心学习. bend/lean over backwards => backwards (backward). on bended `knee(s) (as if) kneeling to pray or to beg humbly （彷佛）跪下祈祷或卑躬屈膝地哀求.

bend1
5 (phr v) bend (sb) to sth (force sb to) submit to sth （迫使某人）屈服, 顺从: * bend to sb's will 顺从某人的意志 * bend sb to one's will 使某人顺从. be bent on sth/on doing sth be determined on (a course of action); have one's mind firmly set on (doing) sth 决心采取（某行动）; 专心致志於（做）某事: * be bent on pleasure, mischief, etc 一心要享乐、 捣鬼等 * He is bent on winning at all costs. 他决心不惜一切去争取胜利. 派生： bendy adj (infml 口) (a) having many bends; winding 弯弯曲曲的; 迂回曲折的: a bendy road 弯弯曲曲的道路. (b) that can be bent easily; flexible 易弯曲的; 柔性的: bendy material 柔性材料 * a bendy twig 易弯曲的嫩枝.

bender
[5bendE(r); 5bendl] n (sl 俚) period of wild drinking 狂饮的一段时间: * go on a drunken bender for three days 狂饮叁天.

beneath
[bi'ni:W; bi'niW] prep (fml 文) 1 in or to a lower position than (sb/sth); under 在或向低於（某人[某事物]）的位置; 在...下面: * They found the body buried beneath a pile of leaves. 他们在一堆树叶下面发现了那具 体. * The boat sank beneath the waves. 小船淹没在浪涛中. 2 not worthy of (sb) 对（某人）来说不值得: * He considers such jobs beneath him, ie not suited to his rank or status. 他认为做这样的工作有失身分. * They thought she had married beneath her, ie married a man of lower social status. 他们认为她下嫁给了社会地位比她低的人. Cf 参看 above2. 派生： beneath adv (fml 文) in or to a lower position; underneath 在或向较低的位置; 在下面: Her careful make-up hid the signs of age beneath. 她的精心化妆掩饰了脂粉下面岁月刻下的痕迹.

Benedictine
n 1[7beni'diktin; 7benE'diktin] [C] monk or nun of the religious order founded by St Benedict 圣本笃修会的修士或修女: * [attrib 作定语] the Benedictine order 本笃会. 2[7beni'dikti:n; 7benE'diktin] [U, C] (propr 专利名) liqueur originally made by monks of this order （本笃会修士创始酿造的）甜露酒.

benediction
[7beni'dikFn; 7benE'dikFEn] n [C, U] blessing, esp one said before a meal or at the end of a church service 祝福（尤指餐前或礼拜结束时的祝祷）: * pronounce/say the benediction 祝福 * confer one's benediction on sb 祝福某人.

benefaction
[7beni'fAkFn; 7benE'fAkFEn] n (fml 文) 1 [U] action of giving or doing good 善行; 善举. 2 [C] gift; donation 赠品; 捐赠: * She made many charitable benefactions. 她作过很多慈善捐赠.

benefactor
[5benifAktE(r); 5benE7fAktl] n person who gives money or other help to a school, hospital, charity, etc 捐助者; 施主. 派生： benefactress[5benifAktris; 5benE7fAktris] n womanbenefactor 女捐助人; 女施主.

benefice
[5benifis; 5benEfis] n position (in charge of a parish) that provides a clergyman with his income （牧区牧师的）有俸圣职. 派生： beneficed[5benifist; 5benE7fist] adj having a benefice享有圣俸的: * a beneficed priest 享有圣俸的牧师.

beneficent
[bi'nefisnt; bE'nefEsnt] adj (fml 文) showing active kindness; generous; charitable 行善的; 乐善好施的; 慷慨的; 慈善的: * a beneficent patron 慷慨的赞助人. > beneficence/bi'nefisns; bE'nefEsns] n [U].

beneficial
[7beni'fiFl; 7benE'fiFEl] adj ~ (to sth/sb) having a helpful or useful effect; advantageous 有益的; 有用的; 有好处的: * a beneficial result, influence, etc 有益的结果、 影响等 * Fresh air is beneficial to one's health. 新鲜空气有益於健康. > beneficially[-FEli; -FEli] adv.

beneficiary
[7beni'fiFeri; - -'fiFieri; 7benE'fiFieri] n person who receives sth, esp one who receives money, property, etc when sb dies 受益者; 受惠者; （尤指）承受遗产者.

benefit
[5benifit; 5benEfit] n 1 (a) [U] profit; gain; future good (used esp with the vs and preps shown) 利益, 实惠, 未来的好处（尤与以下所示动词及介词连用）: * Because of illness she didn't get much benefit from her stay abroad. 她待在国外因生病而未得到多大好处. * I've had the benefit of a good education. 我得益於良好的教育. * It was achieved with the benefit (ie help, aid) of modern technology. 借助现代技术, 这个目标已经达到. * The new regulations will be of great benefit to us all. 新规章对我们大家都会大有好处. * A change in the law would be to everyone's benefit. 法律中的一项修改将符合所有人的利益. (b) [C] thing from which one gains or profits; advantage 优越性; 优良条件: * the benefits of modern medicine, science, higher education 现代医学、 科学、 高等教育的优良条件. 2 [U, C] allowance of money, etc to which sb is entitled from an insurance policy or from government funds 保险金; 救济金; 抚恤金; 补助金: * medical, unemployment, sickness, etc benefit(s)医疗、 失业、 疾病等补助. 3 [C, esp attrib 尤作定语] public performance or game held in order to raise money for a particular player, charity, etc （为某运动员或慈善事业等筹款而举行的）义演或义赛: * a `benefit match, performance, concert, etc 义赛、 义演、 慈善音乐会等. 4 (idm 习语) for sb's benefit in order to help, guide, instruct, etc sb 以对某人进行帮助、 指引、 指导等: * The warning sign was put there for the benefit of the public. 那儿设立了警告牌以引起人们的警惕. * Although she didn't mention me by name, I know her remarks were intended for my benefit. 虽然她没提到我的名字, 但我明白她的话是为我好. give sb the ,benefit of the `doubt accept that sb is innocent, right, etc because there is no clear evidence to support one's feeling that he may not be 因证据不足而承认某人无罪、 无过失等:

benefit1
* By allowing her to go free the judge gave the accused the benefit of the doubt. 法官对被告作了无罪推定而释放了她. 派生： benefit v (pt, pp -fited; US also -fitted) 1 [Tn]do good to (sb/sth) 使（某人[某事物]）受益: These facilities have benefited the whole town. 这些设施使全城受益. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (from/by sth) receive benefit or gain 得益: Who stands to (ie is likely to) benefit most by the new tax laws? 什麽人可能从新的税法中得到最大的好处? * He hasn't benefited from (ie become wiser with) the experience. 他虽有体验却无长进.

benevolent
[bi'nevElEnt; bE'nevElEnt] adj ~ (to/towards sb) 1 being, or wishing to be, kind, friendly and helpful 好心肠的; 与人为善的; 助人为乐的: * a benevolent air, attitude, manner, etc 和蔼可亲的神态、 态度、 样子等 * a benevolent dictator 发善心的独裁者 * benevolent despotism 施仁政的专制政体. 2 doing good rather than making profit; charitable 行善的; 慈善的: * a benevolent institution/society/fund 慈善机构[团体/基金]. 派生： benevolence/bi'nevElEns; bE'nevElEns] n [U] desire to do good; kindness and generosity 好心肠; 善心; 仁慈. benevolently adv.

benighted
[bi'naitid; bi'naitid] adj (dated 旧) unenlightened morally or intellectually; ignorant; backward 未开化的; 愚昧无知的; 落後的: * benighted savages 未开化的野人.

benign
[bi'nain; bi'nain] adj 1 (of people or actions) kindly; gentle （指人或行为）慈祥的, 和善的. 2 (of climate) mild; pleasant （指气候）温和的, 宜人的. 3 (of a tumour, etc) not likely to spread or recur after treatment; not dangerous （指肿瘤等）良性的, 无危险的. > benignly adv. Cf 参看 malignant.

bent
1[bent; bent] n 1 (usu sing 通常作单数) ~ (for sth/doing sth) natural skill (at sth); liking or inclination (for sth/doing sth) （对某事物的）特长; （对某事物[做某事]的）爱好, 嗜好: * She has a (natural) bent for music. 她（生性）爱好音乐. * He is of a studious bent. 他天生好学. 2 (idm 习语) follow one's bent => follow.

benumbed
[bi'nQmd; bi'nQmd] adj (fml 文) made numb; with all feeling taken away 麻木的; 失去感觉的: * fingers benumbed with cold 冻得麻木的手指.

Benzedrine
[5benzEdri:n; 5benzEdrin] n [U] (propr 专利名) type of amphetamine 苯齐巨林; 苯异丙胺; 安非他明.

benzene
[5benzi:n; 5benzin] n [U] colourless liquid obtained from petroleum and coal tar, used in making plastics and many chemical products 苯.

benzine
[5benzi:n; 5benzin] n [U] colourless liquid mixture of hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum and used in dry-cleaning 轻质汽油; 挥发油; 石油精.

benzol
[5benzCl; - -zC:l; 5benzCl] n [U] (esp unrefined) benzene （尤指未经提炼的）苯.

bequeath
[bi'kwi:T; bi'kwiT] v (fml 文) [Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) 1 arrange, by making a will, to give (property, money etc) (to sb) when one dies 将（财物等）遗赠（给某人）: * He bequeathed 1000 (to charity). 他遗赠（给慈善事业）1000英镑. * She has bequeathed me her jewellery. 她把珠宝遗赠给我了. 2 (fig 比喻) pass on (knowledge, etc) (to those who come after) 将（知识等）传给（後人）: * discoveries bequeathed to us by scientists of the last century 上个世纪的科学家留传给我们的发现.

bequest
[bi'kwest; bi'kwest] n (fml 文) 1 act of bequeathing 遗赠: * the bequest of one's paintings to a gallery 把绘画遗赠给美术馆. 2 thing bequeathed; legacy 遗产; 遗物: * leave a bequest of 2000 each to one's grandchildren 留给孙儿每人一笔2000英镑的遗产.

berate
[bi'reit; bi'ret] v [Tn] (fml 文) scold sharply 严厉责备; 痛斥.

bereave
[bi'ri:v; bE'riv] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (of sb) (fml 文) deprive sb (esp of a relative) by death 使某人丧失（尤指亲属）: * an accident which bereaved him of his wife and child 使他丧失妻儿的事故 * the bereaved husband, ie the man whose wife had died 死了妻子的男人. 派生： the bereaved n (pl unchanged 复数不变) (fml 文) person who is bereaved 丧失亲人的人: The bereaved is/are still in mourning. 丧亲者仍在带孝. bereavement n 1 [U] state of being bereaved 丧失亲人; 丧亲之痛: We all sympathize with you in your bereavement. 我们对你丧亲之痛表示同情. 2 [C] instance of this 亲人丧亡: She was absent because of a recent bereavement. 她因最近丧亲而缺席.

bereft
[bi'reft; bE'reft] adj [pred 作表语] ~ (of sth) (fml 文) deprived of (a power or quality) 失去（某种能力或性质）: * be bereft of speech, ie be unable to speak 失去说话的能力 * bereft of hope, ie without hope 失去希望 * bereft of reason, ie mad 失去理智.

beret
[5berei; - bE'rei; bE're] n round flat cap with no peak, usu made of soft cloth or felt 贝雷帽（扁圆的无檐帽, 通常用柔软的布或毡制成）. =>illus at hat 见hat之插图.

beriberi
[7beri5beri; 5beri5beri] n [U] mainly tropical disease affecting the nervous system, caused by lack of vitamin B 脚气（由於缺乏维生素B而引起的影响神经系统的热带疾病）.

berk
[bE:k; bEk] n (Brit sl derog 俚, 贬) stupid person (esp a man) 笨蛋（尤指男子）.

berry
[5beri; 5beri] n 1 small juicy fruit without a stone 聚合果: * blackberry 黑莓 * raspberry 悬钩子 * holly berries 泡叶 子. 2 (botany 植) fruit with seeds enclosed in pulp (eg gooseberry, tomato, banana) 浆果（如醋栗、 西红柿、 香蕉）. 3 egg of a fish or lobster 鱼或龙虾的卵. 4 (idm 习语) brown as a berry => brown.

berserk
[bE'sE:k; bl'sEk] adj [usu pred 通常作表语] wild with rage 狂怒: * send sb/go/be berserk 使某人勃然大怒.

berth
[bE:W; bEW] n 1 sleeping-place on a ship, train, etc （船、 列车等的）卧铺. 2 place for a ship to be tied up in a harbour, or to be at anchor （船舶的）停泊地或锚位: * find a safe berth, eg one protected from bad weather 寻找安全的停泊地（如躲避恶劣天气的处所）. 3 (infml 口) job or position (esp an enjoyable one) 职务或职位（尤指顺心的）: * a snug/cosy berth 舒适的[惬意的]职位. 4 (idm 习语) give sb/sth a wide berth => wide. 派生： berth v 1 [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] provide (sb) with a sleeping-place 为（某人）提供卧铺: Six passengers can be berthed on the lower deck. 下层舱可为六位乘客提供卧铺. 2 (a) [Tn] tie up (a ship) in a harbour or at a suitable place; moor 将（船）系泊（在港口或适当地方）; 停泊. (b) [I] (of a ship) come to a berth; moor （指船）来到停泊地; 停泊: The liner berthed at midday. 班轮中午到达停泊地.

beryl
[5berEl; 5berEl] n transparent precious stone, usu green 绿宝石; 绿柱石; 绿玉.

beseech
[bi'si:tF; bi'sitF] v (pt, pp besought/bi'sC:t; bi'sCt] or beseeched) (fml 文) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.t] ~ sb (for sth) ask sb earnestly; implore sb; entreat sb 恳求、 哀求或祈求某人: * Spare him, I beseech you. 我恳求你饶了他吧. * The prisoner besought the judge for mercy/to be merciful. 囚犯恳求法官宽恕[乞求宽大]. 2 [Tn] ask earnestly for (sth); beg for (sth) 企求（某事物）; 乞求（某事物）: * She besought his forgiveness. 她乞求他原谅. =>Usage at ask 用法见ask. 派生： beseeching adj [attrib 作定语] (of a look, tone of voice, etc) entreating or appealing for sth （指样子、 声调等）恳求的, 哀求的. beseechingly adv.

beset
[bi'set; bi'set] v (-tt-; pt, pp beset) [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (fml 文) surround (sb/sth) on all sides; trouble constantly; threaten 围绕（某人[某事物]）; 镶嵌; 困扰; 威胁: * beset by doubts 为疑问所困扰 * The voyage was beset with dangers. 这次航程充满了危险. * the difficulties, pressures, temptations, etc that beset us all 缠绕着我们的困难, 压力, 诱惑等. 派生： besetting adj [attrib 作定语] habitually affecting or troubling sb 经常影响着或困扰着某人的: a besetting difficulty/fear/sin 重重的困难[经常性的恐惧/易犯的罪恶].

beside
[bi'said; bi'said] prep 1 at the side of (sb/sth); next to 在（某人[某事物]）的旁边; 在...附近: * Sit beside your sister. 坐在你妹妹旁边. * I keep a dictionary beside me when I'm doing crosswords. 我填纵横字谜的时候, 手边总有一本字典. 2 compared with (sb/sth) 与（某人[某事物]）相比: * Beside your earlier work this piece seems rather disappointing. 这件工作同你早先的工作相比, 有些令人失望. 3 (idm 习语) be`side oneself (with sth) having lost one's self-control because of the intensity of the emotion one is feeling （因过於激动）失去自制力: * He was beside himself with rage when he saw the mess. 他看到一切都乱七八糟就勃然大怒.

besiege
[bi'si:dV; bi'sidV] v 1 [Tn] surround (a place) with armed forces in order to make it surrender （用军队）包围（某处）以迫降: * Troy was besieged by the Greeks. 特洛伊城被希腊人包围了. 2 (fig 比喻) (a) [Tn] surround (sb/sth) closely; crowd round 围住（某人[某事物]）; 团团围住: * The Prime Minister was besieged by reporters. 首相被记者们团团围住. (b) [Tn.pr esp passive 尤用於被动语态] ~ sb with sth overwhelm sb with (questions, requests, etc) 以（问题, 请求等）使某人应接不暇: * The teacher was besieged with questions from his pupils. 学生提出的问题很多, 教师应接不暇.

besmear
[bi'smiE(r); bi'smir] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth/sb (with sth) (fml 文) make sth/sb dirty; smear sth/sb (with greasy or sticky stuff) 将某物[某人]弄脏; （以油性或黏性物质）涂污: * hands besmeared with oil 被油污弄脏了的手.

besmirch
[bi'smE:tF; bi'smEtF] (also smirch) v [Tn] (fml 文) dishonour (sb/sth); slander 玷污（某人[某事物]）; 诽谤: * besmirch sb's reputation, name, honour, etc 败坏某人的名誉、 名声、 荣誉等.

besom
[5bi:zEm; 5bizEm] n broom made by tying a bundle of twigs to a long stick 长柄细枝扫帚.

besotted
[bi'sCtid; bi'satid] adj [pred 作表语] ~ (by/with sb/sth) made silly or stupid, esp by love 发痴, 变蠢（尤指受爱情驱使）: * He is totally besotted with the girl, ie deeply in love with her. 他一心痴恋着那个姑娘.

besought
pt, pp of beseech.

bespangled
[bi'spNgld; bi'spANgld] adj [pred 作表语] ~ (with sth) decorated with (things that shine or sparkle) 用（亮晶晶的东西）装饰: * a sky bespangled with stars 闪烁着繁星的天空.

bespattered
[bi'spAtEd; bi'spAtld] adj [pred 作表语] ~ (with sth) covered with (spots of dirt, etc) （被泥点等）溅污: * Her clothes were bespattered with mud. 她的衣服溅上了泥污.

bespeak
[bi'spi:k; bi'spik] v (pt bespoke/bi'spEuk; bi'spok] , pp bespoke or bespoken/bi'spEukEn; bi'spokEn] ) [Tn] (dated or fml 旧或文) be evidence of (sth); indicate 证明（某事物）; 表示: * His polite manners bespoke the gentleman. 他那彬彬有礼的举止显出他是个绅士.

bespectacled
[bi'spektEkld; bi'spektEkld] adj wearing spectacles 戴眼镜的.

bespoke
[bi'spEuk; bi'spok] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] 1 (of clothes) made according to the customer's specifications （指衣服）定做的: * a bespoke suit 一套定做的衣服. 2 making such clothes 做定做衣服的: * a bespoke tailor 做定做衣服的裁缝. 3 (computing 计) (of software) specially written to suit the needs of the individual user（指软件）为适应个别使用者的需要特别编写的.

best
1[best; best] adj (superlative of good1 good1的最高级) 1 of the most excellent, desirable, suitable, etc kind 最好的; 最优秀的; 最理想的; 最合适的: * my best friend 我最好的朋友 * the best dinner I've ever had 我吃过的最好的一顿饭 * The best thing to do would be to apologize. 最好还是道歉吧. * The best thing about the party was the food. 在那次聚会中最好的就是食物了. * He's the best man for the job. 他是最适於做这项工作的人. * What is the best (ie the shortest, easiest, etc) way to get there? 到那里去最好怎麽走（最短、 最方便等）? * It's best to go by bus. 最好坐公共汽车去. Cf 参看 good, better. 2 (idm 习语) be on one's best be`haviour behave as well as possible 竭力循规蹈矩. one's best bet (infml 口) action most likely to bring success 最好的办法; 最佳措施: * Your best bet would be to call again tomorrow. 你最好明天再打电话来. one's best bib and `tucker (dated or joc 旧或谑) one's best clothes, worn only on special occasions （只在特殊场合下才穿的）最好的衣服. one's best/strongest card => card1. the best/better part of sth => part1. make the best use of sth use sth as profitably as possible 充分利用某事物: * She's certainly made the best use of her opportunities. 她确实充分利用了一切机会. put one's best `foot forward go as fast as one can 从速行事. with the ,best will in the `world even when one has made every effort to be fair, etc 尽管已尽心竭力. 复合： ,best `man male friend or relative of a bridegroom who supports him at his wedding 男傧相. Cf 参看 bridesmaid.

bestial
[5bestiEl; - 'bestFEl; 5bestFEl] adj (derog 贬) of or like a beast; brutish; cruel 野兽的; 野兽般的; 野蛮的; 残忍的: * a bestial person, act 野蛮的人、 动作 * bestial violence, lust, fury 野兽般的凶猛、 欲望、 狂暴. 派生： bestiality[7besti'lEti; - 7bestFi-; 7bestFi'AlEti] n 1 [U] (a) quality of being bestial 兽性; 兽行: * an act of horrifying bestiality 可怕的兽行. (b) sexual activity between a human and an animal 兽奸（人兽之间的性行为）. 2 [C] brutal act, esp of a sexually perverted kind 兽性的行为; （尤指）性变态. bestially adv.

bestiary
[5bestiEri; - -tieri; 5besti7eri] n medieval collection of stories about animals, including fables and legends （中世纪的）动物寓言集.

bestir
[bi'stE:(r); bi'stE] v (-rr-) [Tn] ~ oneself (fml or joc 文或谑) become active or busy 发奋; 振作: * He was too lazy to bestir himself even to answer the telephone. 他懒得甚至不愿接电话.

bestow
[bi'stEu; bi'sto] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (on sb) (fml 文) present sth as a gift (to sb); confer （将某事物作为礼物）赠（予某人）; 赠与; 授与: * an honour bestowed on her by the king 国王赐与她的荣誉. > bestowal/ bI5stEUEl; bIstoEl/ n [U].

bestride
[bi'straid; bi'straid] v (pt bestrode/bi'strEud; bi'strod] , pp bestridden/bi'stridn; bi'stridn] ) [Tn] (fml 文) sit or stand with one leg on each side of (sth) 两腿分开跨着坐或站在（某物）上: * bestride a horse, chair, ditch, fence 跨在马、 椅子、 沟渠、 围栏上.

bet
[bet; bet] v (-tt-; pt, pp bet or betted) 1 [I, Ipr, Tn.pr, Tf, Dn.n, Dn.f] ~ (sth) (on sth) risk (money) on a race or on some other event of which the result is doubtful 打赌; 赌博: * I don't enjoy betting. 我不喜欢赌博. * He spends all his money betting on horses. 他把所有的钱都用在赌马上. * She bet me 20 that I wouldn't be able to give up smoking. 她和我打20英镑的赌, 说我戒不了烟. 2 (idm 习语) bet one's bottom `dollar (on sth/that...) (infml 口) be absolutely certain about sth 绝对确信某事物; 打包票: * You can bet your bottom dollar he won't have waited for us. 你可以打包票, 他是绝不会等我们的. I bet (that)... (infml 口) I am certain 我敢肯定: * I bet he arrives late he always does. 我敢肯定他得迟到--他一贯如此. ,you `bet (infml 口) you may be sure (of it) 你可确信; 的确; 当然: * `Are you going to the match?’ `You bet (I am)!’ ‘你去看比赛吗?’‘当然（我去）!’ 派生： bet n 1 (a) arrangement to risk money, etc on an event of which the result is doubtful 赌博: make a bet 打赌 * have a bet on the Derby 在德比大赛中赌马 * win/lose a bet 打赌而赢[输]. (b) money, etc risked in this way （金钱等）赌注: place/put a bet on a horse 在一匹马上下赌注. 2 (infml 口) opinion; prediction 意见; 预言: My bet is they've got held up in the traffic. 我想他们一定是在路上因交通拥挤而受阻了. 3 (idm 习语) one's best bet => best1. hedge one's bets => hedge.

beta
[5bi:tE; - 'beitE; 5betE] n the second letter of the Greek alphabet (B, ) 希腊语字母表中的第二个字母（B,bete noire /// [7beit 'nwa:(r); 5bet'nwar] (pl betes noires[7beit 'nwa:(r); 7bet'nwar] ) (French 法) person or thing that one particularly dislikes 特别讨厌的人或事物.

bete noire
[7beit 'nwa:(r); 5bet'nwar] (pl betes noires[7beit 'nwa:(r); 7bet'nwar] ) (French 法) person or thing that one particularly dislikes 特别讨厌的人或事物.

betel
[5bi:tl; 5bitl] n [U] tropical Asian plant whose leaf is chewed with the betel-nut 槟榔. 复合： `betel-nut n [U, C] = areca nut (areca).

betide
[bi'taid; bi'taid] v (idm 习语) woe betide sb => woe.

betoken
[bi'tEukEn; bi'tokEn] v [Tn] (fml 文) be a sign of (sth); indicate 预示（某事物）; 表示: * milder weather betokening the arrival of spring 预示春天到来的暖和天气.

betray
[bi'trei; bi'tre] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (to sb) hand over or show sb/sth disloyally (to an enemy) （向敌人）出卖某人或泄漏某事: * betraying state secrets 泄漏国家机密 * Judas betrayed Jesus (to the authorities). 犹大（向当局）出卖了耶稣. 2 [Tn] be disloyal to (sth) 背叛（某事物）: * betray one's country, one's principles 背叛自己的国家、 自己的原则 * In failing to return the money he betrayed our trust. 他未能归还那笔钱而辜负了我们的信任. 3 [Tn] (a) show (sth) unintentionally; be a sign of 无意中显示出（某事物）; 显露出; 表现出: * She said she was sorry, but her eyes betrayed her secret delight. 她说她很难过, 但从她的眼神里却流露出她内心的喜悦. * His accent betrayed the fact that he was foreign. 他的口音显露出他是外国人. (b) ~ oneself show what or who one really is 暴露出本来面目: * He had a good disguise, but as soon as he spoke he betrayed himself, ie he was recognized by his voice. 他伪装得很好, 可是一说话就原形毕露了（听他的声音就能认出他来）. 派生： betrayal/bi'treiEl; bi'treEl] n (a) [U] betraying or being betrayed 背叛或被出卖: * an act of betrayal 背叛的 行为. (b) [C] instance of this 背叛: * a betrayal of trust 对信任的辜负. betrayer n.

betroth
[bi'trEuT; bi'troT] v [usu passive 通常用於被动语态: * Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (to sb) (arch or fml 古或文) bind sb with a promise to marry; engage sb to marry 将某人许配给; 订婚: * She was betrothed (to the duke). 她已许配（给公爵）了. * The pair were later betrothed. 那对男女後来订婚了. 派生： betrothal/bi'trEuTl; bi'troTEl] n [C, U] (fml 文) engagement to be married 许婚; 订婚. betrothed n [sing], adj (fml 文) (person) engaged to be married 已订婚的（人）: his betrothed 他的未婚妻 * the betrothed couple 未婚夫妻.

better
1[5betE(r); 5betl] adj (comparative of good1 good1的比较级) 1 (a) of a more excellent or desirable kind 更好的; 更理想的: * a better worker, job, car 更好的工作人员、 工作、 汽车 * You're a better man than I (am). 你人比我好. * The weather couldn't have been better. 天气好得不能再好了. * Life was difficult then but things have got better and better over the years. 那时生活很艰苦, 但情况已一年比一年好了. * He resolved to lead a better life (ie be more virtuous) in future. 他决心以後过较高尚的生活（更有道德的）. (b) of a more precise or suitable kind 更准确的; 更合适的: * Having talked to the witnesses I now have a better idea (of) what happened. 我与证人谈过话, 现在对所发生的事情更清楚了. * Can't you think of a better word than `nice' to describe your holiday? 你难道不能想出一个比‘好’更恰当的字眼来形容你的假日吗? Cf 参看 best1. 2 partly or fully recovered from an illness 疾病渐愈或痊愈: * The patient is much better today. 病人今天好多了. * His ankle is getting better. 他的脚踝渐渐痊愈了. Cf 参看 well2 1, worse. 3 (idm 习语) against one's better `judgement even though one feels that it may be unwise 即使感到可能不太好; 明知不可为而为之: * He agreed, but very much against his better judgement. 他同意了, 但是他对此并不以为然. be better than one's `word be more generous than one has promised to be 比所许诺的更宽厚. be no better than she `should be (dated euph 旧, 婉) (of a woman) have casual sexual relationships （指女子）性关系随便, 不正经, 不规矩. the best/better part of sth => part1. one's better `feelings/`nature more honourable or virtuous part of one's character 个人的优良天性或高尚情操. one's better `half (infml joc 口, 谑) one's wife or husband 自己的妻子或丈夫. ,better luck `next time (saying 谚) (used to encourage sb after a setback 用以鼓励受挫的人) discretion is the better part of valour => discretion. half a loaf is better than none/than no bread => half. have seen/known better `days be poorer or in a worse state now than formerly 现在比以前穷困或情况恶劣; 曾有过一段好日子:

better1
* That coat has seen better days. 那件大衣曾体面过. (be) little/no better than practically; almost the same as 实际上; 简直就是: * He's no better than a common thief. 他简直就是小偷. prevention is better than cure => prevention. two heads are better than one => two.

betting
shop

between
[bi'twi:n; bE'twin] prep 1 (a) in or into the space separating (two or more points, objects, people, etc) 介於（两者或多者）之间: * Q comes between P and R in the English alphabet. 在英语字母表中, Q位於P与R之间. * I lost my keys somewhere between the car and the house. 我的钥匙失落在汽车与房子之间的什麽地方了. * Peter sat between Mary and Jane. 彼得坐在玛丽和简之间. * Switzerland lies between France, Germany, Austria and Italy. 瑞士位於法国、 德国、 奥地利和意大利之间. * The baby crawled between her father's legs. 婴儿在她父亲的双腿中间爬. * (fig 比喻) My job is somewhere between a typist and a personal assistant. 我的工作介於打字员和私人助理二者之间. (b) in the period of time separating (two days, years, events, etc) 在一段时间（两天、 两年、 两次事件等）之内: * It's cheaper between 6 pm and 8 am. 下午6时至上午8时之间较为便宜. * I'm usually free between Tuesday and Thursday. 我通常在星期二至星期四有空. * Children must attend school between 5 and 16. 5至16岁的孩子必须上学. * Many changes took place between the two world wars. 两次世界大战之间发生了很多的变化. 2 at some point along a scale from (one amount, weight, distance, etc) to (another) 介於（数量、 重量、 距离等的）两个量度之间: * cost between one and two pounds 花费一至二镑 * weigh between nine and ten stones 重九至十揭石 * London is between fifty and sixty miles from Oxford. 伦敦离牛津五十至六十英里. * The temperature remained between 25°C and 30°C all week. 整整一星期, 温度一直在25C至30C之间. 3 (of a line) separating (one place) from another （指一条线）将（一处）与另一处分隔开: * build a wall between my garden and my neighbour's 在我的花园与邻居花园之间砌一堵墙 * draw a line between sections A and B 在剖面A与B之间划一条线 * the boundary between Sweden and Norway 瑞典与挪威的分界线.

between1
4 from (one place) to (another) 从（一处）到（另一处）: * fly between London and Paris twice daily 每天在伦敦与巴黎之间飞行两次 * sail between Dover and Calais 在多佛与加莱之间航行 * a good road between London and Brighton 伦敦与布赖顿之间的一条很好的道路. 5 (indicating a connection or relationship 表示有联系或有关系): * an obvious link between unemployment and the crime rate 失业与犯罪率之间的明显的关系 * the bond between a boy and his dog 男孩和他的狗之间的亲密关系 * They have settled the dispute between them. 他们已解决了他们之间的争端. * the affection, friendship, love, etc between people 人与人之间的感情、 友谊、 爱情等. 6 (a) shared by (two people or things) （两人或两物）共享的; 共有的: * We drank a bottle of wine between us. 我们俩共喝一瓶酒. * This is just between you and me/between ourselves, ie It is a secret. 这件事只有你和我[我们俩]知道（这是秘密）. * They carried only one rucksack between them. 他们两人只带一个背包. (b) by the actions or contributions of (esp two people or things) 协力做或做出贡献: * They wrote the book between them. 他们共同写成了这本书. * Between them they raised 500. 他们共筹得500英镑. * We can afford to buy a house between us. 我们有能力合买一所房子. =>Usage at among 用法见among. 派生： between (also in between) adv (a) in or into the space separating two or more points, objects, people, etc 在（分隔的两个或几个点、 物、 人等）之间: One town ends where the next begins and there's a road that runs between. 一个城镇连接着另一个城镇, 两者之间有一条路. * You'd have a good view of the sea from here except for the block of flats in between. 要不是隔着这座公寓大楼, 大海的景色就可以从这里一览无遗. (b) in the period of time separating two dates, events, etc 在两个分隔的日期、 事件等之间: We have two lessons this morning, but there's some free time in between. 今天上午我们有两节课, 课间有些休息时间.

betwixt
[bi'twikst; bE'twikst] adv, prep (idm 习语) betwixt and between in an intermediate position; neither one thing nor the other 居中; 非此非彼; 模棱两可: * It's difficult buying clothes for ten-year-olds at that age they're betwixt and between. 很难给十岁的孩子买衣服--这种年龄说大不大, 说小又不小.

bevel
[5bevl; 5bevl] n 1 sloping edge or surface, eg at the side of a picture frame or a sheet of plate glass 斜边或斜面（如镜框或玻璃板的边缘）. =>illus见插图. 2 (in carpentry and stonework) tool for making such edges （木匠和石匠用的）斜角规. 派生： bevel v (-ll-; US -l-) [Tn] give a sloping edge to (sth) 把（某物）切成或磨成斜边或斜角: bevelled edges 弄成斜面的边. 复合： `bevel gear either of a pair of gears with sloping toothed edges 伞齿轮; 锥齿轮. =>illus at gear 见gear.

beverage
[5bevEridV; 5bevErdV] n (fml or joc 文或谑) any type of drink except water, eg milk, tea, wine, beer （除水以外的）饮料（如牛奶、 茶、 葡萄酒、 啤酒）.

bevy
[5bevi; 5bevi] n 1 large group 一群: * a bevy of beautiful girls 一群美丽的姑娘. 2 flock of birds, esp quails 鸟群（尤指鹌鹑）.

bewail
[bi'weil; bi'wel] v [Tn] (fml 文) express sorrow over (sth); mourn for 因（某事物）而悲愁; 悲哀: * bewailing one's lost youth, innocence, etc 为失去的青春、 天真等而感伤.

beware
[bi'weE(r); bi'wer] v [I, Ipr] (used only in the infinitive and imperative 仅用於不定式及祈使句) ~ (of sb/sth) be cautious (of sb/sth); take care (about sb/sth) 谨防（某人[某事物]）; 当心（某人[某事物]）: * He told us to beware (of pickpockets, the dog, icy roads). 他告诉我们要当心（小偷、 狗、 结冰的道路）. * Beware wet paint! 注意--油漆未乾!

bewilder
[bi'wildE(r); bi'wildl] v [Tn] puzzle (sb); confuse 迷惑（某人）; 混乱: * The child was bewildered by the noise and the crowds. 孩子让噪声和人群给弄得晕头转向. * I am totally bewildered by the clues to this crossword puzzle. 这个纵横字谜的提示完全把我弄糊涂了. 派生： bewildering/bi'wildEriN; bi'wildEriN] adj puzzling 令人困惑的; 费解的: * bewildering speed, complexity 令人晕头转向的速度、 复杂性. bewilderment n [U] state of being bewildered 混乱; 困惑: watch, listen, gape in bewilderment 目瞪口呆地看着、 听着、 愣着.

bewitch
[bi'witF; bi'witF] v [Tn] 1 put a magic spell on (sb) 对（某人）施魔法; 蛊惑（某人）: * The wicked fairy bewitched the prince and turned him into a frog. 邪恶的女妖对王子施魔法, 将他变成一只青蛙. 2 delight (sb) very much; enchant 令（某人）心醉、 入迷; 使喜悦: * He was bewitched by her beauty. 她生得貌美, 他一见倾心. 派生： bewitching adj very delightful or attractive 使人心醉的; 使人着迷的: a bewitching smile 迷人的微笑.bewitchingly adv.

beyond
[bi'jCnd; bi'jand] prep 1 at or to a more distant point than (sth) 在或向（某物）的远处: * The new housing estate stretches beyond the playing-fields. 新的住宅区一直延伸到游乐场的那一边. * The road continues beyond the village up into the hills. 这条路绵延不断越过村子直入山中. 2 later than (a specified time) 迟於或超过（某一时间）: * It won't go on beyond midnight. 这不会持续到午夜以後. * I know what I shall be doing for the next three weeks but I haven't thought beyond that. 我知道未来的叁个星期我要干什麽, 但再往後我就没想过. * She carried on teaching well beyond retirement age, ie when she was older than 60. 她早超过了退休年龄（年逾60）仍教书. 3 not within the range of (sth); surpassing 越出（某事物）范围; 超越: * The bicycle is beyond repair, ie is too badly damaged to repair. 这辆自行车已不能修理了. * After 25 years the town centre had changed beyond (all) recognition. 25年过去了, 市中心变得认不出来了. * They're paying 75000 for a small flat it's beyond belief! 他们躱要以75000--. * She's living beyond her means, ie spending more than she earns. 她入不敷出（花的比挣的多）. * Her skill as a musician is beyond praise, ie of extremely high quality. 她是一个音乐家, 其技巧令人赞叹不已（具有极高的水平）. 4 except (sth); apart from 除（某事物）以外; 除了: * He's got nothing beyond his state pension. 除 了国家发的养老金, 他一无所有. * I didn't notice anything beyond his rather strange accent. 除了他那颇为古怪的口音以外, 我没注意到别的. 5 (idm 习语) be beyond sb (infml 口) be impossible for sb to imagine, understand or calculate 对於某人来说, 难以想像、 理解或估计: * It's beyond me why she wants to marry Geoff. 我不能理解她为什麽要和杰弗结婚. * How people design computer games is beyond me. 我不明白电脑游戏是怎麽设计的. 派生： beyond adv at or to a distance 在远处; 向远方: Snowdon and the mountains beyond were covered in snow. 斯诺登那边的山到处都是白雪皑皑.

beyond1
* We must look beyond for signs of change. 我们应该把目光放远, 看到变化的迹象. * The immediate future is clear, but it's hard to tell what lies beyond. 近期内的情况很清楚, 但很难说以後如何.

bezique
[bi'zi:k; bE'zik] n [U] card-game for two people played with a double pack of 64 cards 比齐克牌戏（一种两人玩的纸牌戏, 用两副牌, 共64张）.

BFPO
[7bi: ef pi: 'Eu; 7bi ef pi 'o] abbr 缩写 = British Forces Post Office 英国军邮局: * Capt. John Jones, HMS Amazon, BFPO (ships), eg on a letter 英国皇家海军舰艇亚马逊号, 军邮（舰）约翰．琼斯舰长（如用於信件上）.

bi-
pref 前缀 two; twice 二; 两次: biannual * bicentenary. Cf 参看 di-, tri-. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Note that bi- is used with certain expressions of time (eg bimonthly) to mean both `every two' (months) and `twice a' (month) 注意bi-附加在某些表示时间的词语前面（如 bimonthly）, 兼有‘每两’（月）和（每月）‘两次’两种含义. There is a distinction between biennial (every two years) and biannual (twice a year). *biennial意为‘每两年’, biannual意为‘每年两次’, 这二者的区别则十分清楚.

biannual
[bai'AnjuEl; bai'AnjuEl] adj occurring twice a year 一年发生两次的: * a biannual meeting 一年举行两次的会议. > biannually adv.

bias
[5baiEs; 5baiEs] n 1 opinion or feeling that strongly favours one side in an argument or one item in a group or series; predisposition; prejudice 偏见; 成见; 偏心: * The university has a bias towards/in favour of/against the sciences. 该大学偏重[侧重/歧视]理科. * The committee is of a/has a conservative bias. 委员会有一种保守的偏见. * He is without bias, ie is impartial. 他没有成见. 2 slanting direction across threads of woven material （织物的）斜纹: * The skirt is cut on the bias, ie cut with the threads running diagonally across the weave. 这条裙子是斜裁的（斜开料剪裁）. 3 (a) (in bowls) tendency of the ball to swerve because of the way it is weighted （滚木球的）偏斜. (b) weighting that causes this （滚木球的）偏重心. 派生： bias v (-s-, -ss-) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (towards/in favour of/against sb/sth) give a bias to sb; prejudice sb; influence sb, esp unfairly 对某人有偏见、 成见、 影响（尤指不公正者）: a bias(s)ed account/jury, ie one which is not impartial 有偏见的叙述[陪审团] * The newspaper/He is clearly bias(s)ed (in the government's favour). 报纸[他]很明显是偏向（政府）的. 复合： bias binding strip of fabric cut diagonally, used to bind edges （用於包边的）斜裁滚边料.

bib
[bib; bib] n 1 piece of cloth or plastic fixed under a child's chin to protect its clothes while it is eating （小儿用的）围嘴. 2 front part of an apron, above the waist 围裙的上部（腰以上的部分）. 3 (idm 习语) one's best bib and tucker => best1.

bible
[5baibl; 5baibl] n (a) (also the Bible) sacred writings of the Christian Church, comprising the Old and New Testaments 圣经（包括旧约和新约的基督教圣书）. (b) copy of these 圣经的文本: * three bibles 叁本圣经. (c) (fig 比喻) any authoritative book 任何有权威的书: * the stamp-collector's bible 集邮者的经典. 派生： biblical[5biblikl; 5biblikl] adj of or in the Bible 圣经的; 圣经中的: * a biblical theme, expression 有关圣经的题目、 言辞 * biblical times, language 圣经的时代、 语言. 复合： bible-bashing, bible-punching ns [U] (infml derog 口, 贬) evangelical preaching 热衷於福音传道的.

biblio-
comb form 构词成分 (forming ns and adjs 用以构成名词和形容词) of books 书的: bibliophile * bibliographical.

bibliography
[7bibli'CgrEfi; 7bibli'agrEfi] n 1 [C] list of books or articles about a particular subject or by a particular author （有关某一专题或某一作者的着作的）书目, 索引, 文献: * There is a useful bibliography at the end of each chapter. 在每一章後附有一份有用的参考书目. 2 [U] study of the history of books and their production 书志学; 文献学. > bibliographer[-CgrEfE(r); -'agrEfl] n. bibliographical[7bibliE'grfikl; 7bibliE'grA-fikl] adj.

bibliophile
[5bibliEfail; 5bibliE7fail] n person who loves or collects books 书籍爱好者; 藏书家.

bibulous
[5bibjulEs; 5bibjElEs] adj (joc 谑) excessively fond of or addicted to alcoholic drink 嗜酒的; 有酒瘾的.

bicameral
[7bai'kAmErEl; bai'kAmErEl] adj having two legislative chambers (eg in Britain the House of Commons and the House of Lords) 有两个议会的（如英国的上议院和下议院）: * a bicameral system of government 两院制政体.

bicarb
n [U] (infml 口) = sodium (bicarbonate).

bicarbonate
[7bai'ka:bEnEt; bai'karbEnit] n [U] (chemistry 化) salt containing double proportion of carbon dioxide 碳酸氢盐; 重碳酸盐. 复合： bicarbonate of soda = sodium (bicarbonate).

bicentenary
[7baisen'ti:nEri; - -'sentEneri; bai'sen-tE7neri] n two-hundredth anniversary; celebration of this 二百周年; 二百周年庆祝活动: * 1949 was the bicentenary of Goethe's birth. 1949年是歌德诞生二百周年. * [attrib 作定语] bicentenary celebrations 二百周年庆典.

bicentennial
[7baisen'teniEl; 7baisen'teniEl] adj happening once in two hundred years; marking a bicentenary 二百年一次的; 二百周年纪念的: * a bicentennial anniversary/celebration 二百周年纪念活动[庆典]. 派生： bicentennial n = bicentenary.

bicker
[5bikE(r); 5bikl] v [I] ~ (with sb) (over/about sth) quarrel about unimportant things （为小事）争吵: * The children are always bickering (with each other) (over their toys). 孩子们常常（为玩具）争吵.

bicycle
[5baisikl; 5bai7sikl] n two-wheeled vehicle on which a person rides, using pedals to drive it along 自行车; 脚踏车. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xiii. Cf 参看 bike, cycle. 派生： bicycle v [I, Ipr, Ip] ride on a bicycle 骑自行车. bicyclist n. 复合： bicycle-clip n each of a pair of clips for holding trousers at the ankles while cycling （骑自行车时用的）裤脚夹.

bid
1[bid; bid] v (-dd-; pt, pp bid ; in sense 3, pt usu 用於下述第3义时过去式通常作 bade/bd; bAd] , pp bidden[5bidn; 5bidn] ) 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (for sth); esp US ~ (sth) (on sth) (a) offer (a price) in order to buy sth, esp at an auction （购物时）出价; （尤指拍卖时）喊价: * What am I bid (for this painting)? （这幅画）给我个价, 诸位愿意出多少钱? * She bid 500 (for the painting). 她喊价500英镑（买这幅画）. * We had hoped to get the house but another couple was bidding against us, ie repeatedly offering a higher price than us. 我们原希望买下这所房子, 但另一对夫妇不断抬价与我们竞买. (b) offer (a price) for doing work, providing a service, etc 投标: * Several firms have bid for the contract to build the new concert hall. 有几家公司投标, 争取建造新音乐厅的合同. 2 [I, Tn] (in card-games, esp bridge) make a bid2(4) （纸牌戏中, 尤指桥牌）叫（牌）: * bid two hearts 叫2红桃. 3 (arch or fml 古或文) (a) [Dn.t] order (sb); tell 吩咐（某人）; 告诉: * Do as you are bidden. 按照吩咐你的去做. * She bade me (to) come in. 她叫我进来. (b) [Dn.pr, Dn.t] invite (sb) 邀请（某人）: * guests bidden to (attend) the feast 应邀赴宴的宾客. (c) [no passive 不用於被动语态: * Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth to sb say sth as a greeting, etc 说（问候、 打招呼等的话）: * bid sb good morning 向某人道早安 * He bade farewell (ie said goodbye) to his sweetheart. 他向他的情人告别. 4 (idm 习语) bid fair to do sth (arch or rhet 古或修辞) seem likely to do sth 有做某事的可能: * The plan for a new hospital bids fair to succeed. 兴建新医院的计划有希望成功. 派生： biddable adj ready to obey; docile 听话的; 温顺的. bidder n person or group that bids at an auction （拍卖时的）喊价者: The house went to the highest bidder, ie the person who offered the most money. 房子卖给了出价最高的人.

bid1
bidding n [U] 1 (fml 文) order; command 吩咐; 命令: do sb's bidding, ie obey sb 服从 * At his father's bidding he wrote to his lawyer. 他遵照父亲的吩咐给律师写信. 2 offering of prices at an auction （拍卖时的）竞买, 喊价, 出价: Bidding was brisk, ie Many offers were made one after the other. 出价很踊跃（一个接一个地竞相喊价）. 3 (in card-games) process of bidding (bid1 2) （纸牌戏中）叫牌: Can you remind me of the bidding (ie who bid what)? 请再说一次谁叫了什麽牌.

bide
[baid; baid] v 1 (arch lit 古, 文学) = abide. 2 (idm 习语) bide one's time wait for a good opportunity 等待有利时机.

bidet
[5bi:dei; - bi:'dei; bi'de] n low basin for washing the genitals and bottom （洗生殖器和臀部用的）坐浴盆.

biennial
[bai'eniEl; bai'eniEl] adj 1 happening every second year 两年一次的. 2 lasting for two years 持续两年的. 派生： biennial n plant that lives for two years, flowering in the second year 两年生植物（两年开一次花）. biennially adv.

bier
[biE(r); bir] n frame on which a coffin or a dead body is carried or placed before burial 棺材架; 停 架.

biff
[bif; bif] n (infml 口) sharp blow, esp with the fist 猛击（尤指用拳）. 派生： biff v [Tn] (infml 口) hit or strike (sb) 打, 击（某人）: biff sb on the nose 打某人的鼻子.

bifocal
[7bai'fEukl; bai'fokl] adj (esp of lenses in spectacles) designed for looking at both distant and close objects （尤指眼镜的镜片）远近两用的. 派生： bifocals n [pl] spectacles with bifocal lenses 双光眼镜: a pair of bifocals 一副双光眼镜.

bifurcate
[5baifEkeit; 5baifl7ket] v [I] (fml 文) (of roads, rivers, branches of trees, etc) divide into or have two branches （指道路、 河流、 树枝等）分叉, 分成两支. > bifurcation[7baifE'keiFn; 7baifl'keFEn] n.

big
[big; big] adj (-gger, -ggest) 1 large in size, extent or intensity （在体积、 面积、 范围、 程度或强度方面）大的: * a big garden, man, majority, defeat, explosion, argument 大花园[高大的人/大多数/大败/大爆炸/大辩论] * the big toe, ie the largest 大脚趾 * a big `g', ie a capital G 大写的g（大写字母G） * (infml 口) big money, ie a lot of money 大笔的钱 * The bigger (ie worse) the crime, the longer the gaol sentence. 犯的罪越大, 刑期越长. * He's the biggest liar (ie He tells more lies than anyone else) I know. 他是我所知道的最大的骗子. * She's a big eater/spender, ie She eats/spends a lot. 她是个饭量大[花钱多]的人. Cf 参看 small. 2 (more) grown up 成长（得更）大的: * my big sister, ie my elder sister 我的姐姐 * He's big enough to go out without his parents. 他已长大, 不用父母陪着出门了. 3 [attrib 作定语] important 重大的; 重要的: * the big match 重大的比赛 * a big decision 重大的决定 * the biggest moment of my life 我一生中最重要的时刻. 4 (infml 口) ambitious; extravagant 有雄心的; 过分的: * have big ideas/plans 有远大的理想[有庞大的计划]. 5 (infml 口 esp US) popular with the public 大受欢迎的: * Video games are big this year. 今年的电视游戏大受欢迎. =>Usage 见所附用法. 6 ~ on sth (infml 口) (esp US) keen on sth; enthusiastic about sth 精於某事物; 热衷於某事物: * The firm is big on extravagant promotion drives. 这家公司正大搞推销运动. 7 (idm 习语) be/get too big for one's boots (infml 口) be/become very self-important or conceited 自大; 自负. a ,big `cheese (sl derog 俚, 贬) very important and powerful person 要人; 大亨. big deal! (infml ironic 口, 反语) I am not impressed 没什麽了不起: * We're getting a wage increase of 40 a year, before tax. Big deal! 我们工资一年要增加big1 /// * a meeting of the big five 五强会议. the big time (infml 口) highest or most successful level in a profession, etc, esp in show business （某一职业等的）第一流, 最高水平（尤指演艺事业）. sb's eyes are bigger than his belly/stomach => eye1. give sb/get a big `hand applaud sb/be applauded loudly and generously 大声喝采: * Let's all give her a big hand. 让我们大家为她热烈鼓掌. have bigger/other fish to fry => fish1. in a big/small way => way1. 派生： big adv (sl 俚) 1 in a big manner; impressively; grandly 宏大地; 予人深刻印象地; 盛大地: Let's think big, ie plan ambitiously. 我们要立大志展宏图. * He likes to talk big, ie is very boastful. 他爱说大话. 2 successfully 成功地: a band which comes/goes over big with pop fans 受流行音乐歌迷欢迎而大为成功的乐队. bigness n [U]. 复合： big `bang hypothetical explosion that some scientists suggest caused the creation of the universe （某些科学家假设的导致宇宙起源的）创世大爆炸: [attrib 作定语] the big bang theory 大爆炸论. Big `Brother dictator or the forces of a totalitarian state controlling every aspect of people's lives while pretending to be kindly 老大哥（专制国家中假仁假义的独裁者或势力）. big `business commerce on a very large financial scale 大企业. big `dipper (Brit) narrow railway at fairs with a track that rises and falls steeply 云霄飞车, 过山车（游乐场中沿陡峻铁道滑行的游戏车）. Big `Dipper (US) = plough2. big `end (in an engine) end of a connecting-rod encircling the crankshaft （发动机的）连 大头（环绕曲柄轴的连 曲轴端）. big `game larger animals hunted for sport 大的猎物. `big-head n (infml 口) conceited person 自命不凡的人. big-`headed adj. big-`hearted adj very kind; generous 善良的; 慷慨的. big `top main tent at a circus （马戏场的）主帐篷. big `wheel huge revolving vertical wheel with passenger cars, used at fairs 大转轮（在垂直转动的巨轮上挂有载人座厢的游乐设施.

big2
`bigwig n (infml 口) important person 要人. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: 1 Big and large are used when talking about physical size, extent, capacity or number. *big和large都用於指物质的体积、 面积、 范围、 程度、 能量或数量. Big is more informal. *big更口语化. Large is not normally used to describe people *large一般不用於指人: They live in a big/large house in the country. 他们住在乡下的一所大房子里. * Which is the biggest/largest desert in the world? 世界上最大的沙漠是哪一个? * Her husband is a very big man. 她丈夫身材很高大. * There was a big/large crowd at the football match. 有一大群人看足球比赛. 2 Great is mostly used when talking (usually approvingly) about importance, quality, ability or extent. *great大多用於指重要性、 特性、 能力或程度（通常含褒义）. Great can be used with uncountable nouns *great可与不可数名词连用: He's a great painter, footballer, man, etc. 他是个伟大的画家、 足球健将、 人物等. * Peter the Great was a Russian ruler. 彼得大帝曾是俄国的统治者. * She lived to a great age. 她活到很大年纪. * with great enthusiasm, joy, pleasure, etc 满腔热情、 满怀喜悦、 满心欢喜. 3 Large and great are very similar in meaning when used with amount, quantity and number *large和great用於指数额、 数量或数目时词义非常接近: They spent a large/great amount of money on their holidays. 他们度假花了一大笔钱. Note also the phrase 请注意这一词组: to a large/great extent 在很大程度上.

bigamy
[5bigEmi; 5bigEmi] n [U] (crime of) marrying a person when still legally married to someone else 重婚; 重婚罪. 派生： bigamist n person guilty of bigamy 犯重婚罪者. bigamous[5bigEmEs; 5bigEmEs] adj guilty of bigamy; involving bigamy 犯重婚罪的; 重婚的: * a bigamous marriage 重婚. bigamously adv.

bight
[bait; bait] n 1 long inward curve in a coast 海湾: * The Great Australian Bight 澳大利亚大海湾. 2 loop made in a rope 绳环; 绳圈.

bigot
[5bigEt; 5bigEt] n person who holds strong (esp religious or political) beliefs and opinions, and is intolerant of anyone who disagrees 偏执的人（尤指在宗教信仰或政治方面）: * religious bigots 宗教的卫道士. 派生： bigoted adj intolerant and narrow-minded 偏执的; 心地狭窄的: bigoted views 偏执的观点 * He is so bigoted that it is impossible to argue with him. 他固执得不可理喻. bigotry n [U] bigoted attitude or behaviour 固执的态度或行为.

bijou
[5bi:Vu:; 5biVu] n (pl bijoux[5bi:Vu:; 5biVu] ) (French 法) jewel 珠宝; 首饰. 派生： bijou adj [attrib 作定语] small and elegant 小巧玲珑的: a bijou residence 小巧别致的住宅.

bike
[baik; baik] n (infml 口) 1 bicycle 自行车; 脚踏车. 2 motor cycle 摩托车. Cf 参看 cycle. 派生： bike v [I] (infml 口) ride a bicycle or motor cycle 骑自行车或摩托车: Let's go biking. 咱们骑车去吧.

bikini
[bi'ki:ni; bi'kini] n scanty two-piece costume worn by women for swimming and sun-bathing 比基尼泳装（叁点式女游泳服）: * [attrib 作定语] a bikini top, ie the top half of a bikini 比基尼泳装的上半部.

bilabial
[7bai'leibiEl; bai'lebiEl] n (phonetics 语音) speech sound produced by using both lips 双唇音的: * In English, b, p, m and w are bilabials. 英语中的b、p、m、w为双唇音. > bilabial adj.

bilateral
[7bai'lAtErEl; bai'lAtErEl] adj having two sides; affecting or involving two parties, countries, etc 有两边的; （两党、 两国等）双边的: * a bilateral agreement/treaty 双边的协议[条约]. Cf 参看 multilateral, unilateral. 派生： bilateralism n [U] principle based on bilateral agreements between countries, esp in trade and finance 根据两国间双边协议的原则（尤指於贸易与金融方面）. bilaterally adv.

bilberry
[5bilbri; - -beri; 5bil7beri] (also blaeberry, whortleberry) n (a) small N European shrub growing on moors and in mountain woods 欧洲越橘（生长在北欧荒原和山林中的一种小灌木）. (b) its edible dark blue berry 欧洲越橘的浆果（深蓝色, 可食）. Cf 参看 blueberry.

bile
[bail; bail] n [U] 1 bitter yellowish liquid produced by the liver to help the body to digest fats 胆汁. 2 (fig 比喻) bad temper; irritability 坏脾气; 暴躁. 复合： `bile-duct n (anatomy 解) tube taking bile to the duodenum 胆管. =>illus at digestive (system) 见digestive system之插图.

bilge
[bildV; bildV] n 1 [C] almost flat part of the bottom of a ship, inside or outside 舱底, 俦比部（船底内部或外部近於平坦的部分）. 2 (also `bilge-water) [U] dirty water that collects in a ship's bilge 舱底污水. 3 [U] (sl 俚) worthless ideas or talk; nonsense 无聊的想法; 无聊的话; 废话: * Don't give me that bilge! 别跟我说那些废话!

bilharzia
[7bil'ha:tsiE; bil'hartsiE] n [U] (medical 医) tropical disease caused by worms in the blood and bladder 血吸虫病.

bilingual
[7bai'liNgwEl; bai'liNgwEl] adj 1 (a) able to speak two languages equally well 会说两种语言的: * He is bilingual (in French and Spanish). 他操（法语和西班牙语）两种语言. (b) having or using two languages 通行或使用两种语言的: * a bilingual community 通用两种语言的社区. 2 expressed or written in two languages 用两种语言表达或书写的: * a bilingual dictionary 双语词典. Cf 参看 monolingual, multilingual. 派生： bilingual n bilingual person 通两种语言的人. bilingually adv.

bilious
[5biliEs; 5biljEs] adj 1 caused by or suffering from too much bile 因胆汁过多而引起的; 患胆病的: * a bilious attack 胆病发作 * I feel a little bilious after last night's dinner. 我昨天吃过晚饭後, 感到有点不舒服. 2 bad-tempered; irritable 脾气不好的; 易怒的. 3 of a sickly yellowish colour (similar to bile) 黄疸颜色的: * a bilious (shade of) green 黄绿色. > biliousness n [U].

bilk
[bilk; bilk] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb ((out) of sth) avoid paying money to sb; cheat sb (out of sth) 躲某人的债; 骗取某人（某物）: * He bilked us of all our money. 他把我们的钱都骗光了.

bill
1[bil; bil] n 1 (esp Brit) (US check) written statement of money owed for goods or services supplied 帐单: * telephone, gas, heating bills 电话、 煤气、 暖气帐单 * a bill for 5 一张5英镑的帐单 * Have you paid the bill? 你付帐了吗? 2 written or printed advertisement; notice; poster, placard 广告; 招贴; 海报; 告示: * Stick no bills! ie Sticking posters, etc here is forbidden. 禁止招贴! 3 programme of entertainment (at a cinema, theatre, etc) （电影院、 剧场等的）节目单: * a horror double bill (ie programme consisting of two horror films) on TV 一张介绍两部恐怖片子的电视节目单. 4 draft of a proposed law, to be discussed by a parliament （提交议会讨论的）法案: * propose, pass, throw out, amend a bill 提出[通过/否决/修订]一项议案 * The Industrial Relations Bill. 劳资关系法案. 5 (US) = note1: * a ten-dollar bill 一张十元钞票. 6 (idm 习语) a clean bill of health => clean1. fill/fit the `bill be adequate or suitable (for a specific purpose) 适合於（某一目的）: * If you're very hungry a double helping of spaghetti should fit the bill! 要是很饿的话, 吃两份意大利细面条就行了! foot the bill => foot2. head/top the `bill be the most important item or person on a list or a programme of entertainments 清单或节目单上最主要的节目或角色: * She topped the bill at the Palace Theatre. 她在皇宫剧院演主角. 派生： bill v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth) send sb a bill (for sth) 送交某人帐单（要求为某事物付帐）: I can't pay for the books now. Will you bill me (for them) later? 这些书我现在不能付款, 事後给我寄帐单来好吗? 2 [Tnt esp passive 尤用於被动语态] announce or advertise; put in a programme 宣布; 贴广告; 列入节目单: He is billed to (ie It is announced that he will) appear as Othello. 已把他列入节目单内, 将扮演奥赛罗. 复合： `billboard n (US) large outdoor board for advertisements; hoarding 露天大广告牌; 大招贴板.

bill1
`billfold n (US) = wallet. bill of ex`change written order to pay money to a named person on a given date 汇票. bill of `fare list of dishes that can be ordered in a restaurant; menu 菜单. bill of `lading list giving details of a ship's cargo 提货单. bill of `rights statement of basic human rights 权利法案; 人权法案: the Bill of Rights of the US Constitution 美国宪法的人权法案. bill of `sale official document recording the sale of personal property 卖据. `billposter (also `billsticker) n person who sticks posters or advertisements on walls, hoardings, etc 张贴海报或广告的人.

billabong
[5bilEbCN; 5bilEbaN] n (Austral 澳) branch of a river that forms a backwater （形成回水的）河的支流.

billet
doux

billhook
[5bilhuk; 5bilhuk] n long-handled tool with a curved blade for pruning trees, etc （修剪树枝等用的）长柄钩刀.

billiards
[5biliEdz; 5biljldz] n [sing v] game for two people played with cues and three balls on an oblong cloth-covered table 台球戏; 弹子戏: * have a game of billiards 打一局台球 * Billiards is played by women as well as men. 打台球男女皆宜. 派生： billiard-[5biliEd-; 5biljErd-] (in compounds 用以构成复合词) of or used for billiards 台球的; 用於打台球的: * a billiard-cue/room/table.

billion
[5biliEn; 5biljEn] pron, det 1 (Brit) 1000000000000; one million million(s) 万亿; 兆兆. =>App 4 见附录4. 2 (esp US) 1000000000; one thousand million(s) 十亿; 千兆. =>App 4 见附录4. 派生： billion n (pl unchanged or ~s 复数或不变或作billions) 1 (Brit) the number 1000000000000 万亿之数. 2 (esp US) the number 1000000000 十亿之数. Cf 参看 milliard. For the uses of billion see the examples at hundred. 关於billion的用法见hundred词条中的示例.

billow
[5bilEu; 5bilo] n 1 (arch 古) large wave 巨浪. 2 swelling mass (eg of smoke or fog) like a wave 如波涛滚滚之物（如浓烟或浓雾）. 派生： billow v [I, Ipr, Ip] rise or roll like waves 如波涛般起伏或翻滚: sails billowing (out) in the wind 在风中扬起的船帆 * Smoke billowed from the burning houses. 浓烟从着火的房子中滚滚地冒出来. billowy adj rising or moving like waves 如波涛汹涌的.

billy
[5bili; 5bili] (also `billycan) n tin can with a lid and handle used by campers for cooking （露营时烹饪用的有盖和把的）铁罐.

billy-oh
(also `billy-o)[5bili Eu; 5bili o] n (idm 习语) like `billy-oh (dated infml 旧, 口) vigorously; fast 猛烈地; 很快地: * go, work, run, etc like billy-oh 很快地去、 工作、 跑等.

biltong
[5biltCN; 5bil7taN] n [U] (in S Africa) strips of lean meat salted and dried in the sun （南非的）晒乾的腌瘦肉条.

bimetallism
[7bai'metElizEm; bai'metl7izEm] n [U] use of two metals, esp gold and silver, with a fixed ratio to each other as the monetary standard 复本位制（尤指金银二本位制, 在货币的法定纯度中保持二者的固定比率）. 派生： bimetallic[7baimi'tlik; 7baimE'tAlik] adj 1 made of or using two metals 双金属的; 用双金属制造的; 使用双金属的. 2 using the system of bimetallism 复本位制的.

bimonthly
[7bai'mQnWli; bai'mQnWli] adj produced or happening every second month or twice a month 两月一次的; 每月两次的: * a bimonthly journal, event 双月刊、 活动.

bin
[bin; bin] n 1 large container, usu with a lid, for storing bread, flour, coal, wine, etc （贮存面包、 面粉、 煤、 酒等的通常有盖的）大箱子: * a `bread bin 面包箱. 2 (esp Brit) = dustbin (dust).

binary
[5bainEri; 5bainEri] adj of or involving a pair or pairs 成双的. 复合： ,binary `digit either the digit 0 or the digit 1, as used in binary notation 二进制数字（0或1, 用於二进制记数法）. ,binary no`tation, `system system of numbers, common in computing, using only the two digits 0 and 1 二进制记数法（仅用0和1的记数方法, 计算机运算中多见）. ,binary `star two stars that revolve around a common centre 双星（环绕一共同中心旋转的两颗星）.

bind
[baind; baind] v (pt, pp bound/baund; baund] ) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ A (to B); ~ A and B (together) (a) tie or fasten, eg with rope 捆绑或系紧（如用绳）: * The hostages were bound (with ropes) and gagged. 人质被（用绳）捆住并塞住了口. * They bound his legs (together) so he couldn't escape. 他们将他的双腿捆（在一）起使他无法逃跑. * He was bound to a chair and left. 他被绑在一把椅子上, 就那样待着. (b) (fig 比喻) hold (people or things) together; unite 将（人或物）合在一起; 结合: * the feelings that bind him to her 把他与她结合在一起的感情. 2 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) tie a band or strip of material round sth （用带或条）束捆、 扎、 绑: * bind (up) (ie bandage) a wound 包扎伤口 * hair bound up with ribbon 扎上丝带的头发. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in sth) fasten (sheets of paper) between covers 装订: * bind a book 装订书籍 * a well-bound book 装订精美的书 * two volumes bound in leather 皮面精装的两卷书. 4 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) cover (the edge of sth) in order to strengthen it or as a decoration 将（某物）封边（加固或作装饰）: * bind the cuffs of a jacket with leather 给上衣袖口镶皮边 * bind the edge of a carpet, ie to prevent fraying 给地毯包边（防止磨损）. 5 [I, Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up/together) (cause sth to) stick together in a solid mass （使）粘成硬块: * Add an egg-yolk to the flour and fat to make it bind/to bind the mixture. 在面粉和油脂中加入蛋黄使之凝结. * Frost binds the soil. 霜把土壤冻结了. * The earth is `frost-bound, ie frozen hard. 地面冻硬了. * Some foods bind the bowels/are binding, ie cause constipation. 有些食物容易引起便秘. 6 [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.t] ~ sb/oneself (to sth) impose a duty or legal obligation on sb (to do sth) （用责任或法律义务）约束某人（使之做某事）: * bind sb to secrecy, ie make him promise to keep sth secret 使某人答应保守秘密

bind1
* bind sb to pay a debt 使某人必须还债. 7 (idm 习语) bind/tie sb hand and foot => hand1. 8 (phr v) bind sb over (to keep the peace) (law 律) warn sb that he will appear in court again if he breaks the law 令某人具结（遵守治安法令）: * The magistrate bound him over (to keep the peace) for a year. 法官要他具结一年内不得扰乱治安. 派生： bind n [sing] (infml 口) nuisance 讨厌的事情: It's a hell of a bind. 这件事讨厌透了. binder n 1 person who binds books; bookbinder 装订工. 2 machine that binds harvested corn into sheaves, or straw into bales 割捆机. 3 cover for holding sheets of paper, magazines, etc together 活页夹. 4 substance (eg bitumen, cement) that makes things stick together 黏合剂. bindery n place where books are bound 书籍装订厂. binding n 1 [C] strong covering holding the pages of a book together （书的）封皮. 2 [U] fabric used for binding edges, eg braid 绲边; 绲条; 滚边. adj ~ (on/upon sb) imposing a legal obligation (on sb) 对（某人）有法律约束力的: The agreement is binding on both parties. 协议对双方具有约束力.

bindweed
[5baindwi:d; 5baind7wid] n [U, C] type of wild convolvulus 旋花属植物.

bine
[bain; bain] n twisting stem of a climbing plant, esp the hop 攀生植物的蔓（尤指 草蔓）.

binge
[bindV; bindV] n (infml 口) 1 time of wild or excessive eating and drinking （大吃大喝的）狂欢: * He went on/had a three-day binge. 他大吃大喝了叁天. 2 excessive indulgence in anything; spree 放纵; 纵情: * a `shopping binge 大买特买.

bingo
[5biNgEu; 5biNgo] n [U] gambling game in which players cover numbers on individual cards as the numbers are called at random 宾戈（一种赌博游戏）: * [attrib 作定语] a `bingo hall 宾戈游戏厅.

binnacle
[5binEkl; 5binEkl] n (nautical 海) non-mag-netic case for a ship's compass 罗经柜（用於轮船罗盘的无磁性箱柜）.

binoculars
[bi'nCkjulEz; bi'nakjEllz] n [pl] instrumentwith a lens for each eye, making distant objects seem nearer 双筒望远镜: * watch from a distance through (a pair of) binoculars 用双筒望远镜观看远处.

binomial
[bai'nEumiEl; bai'nomiEl] n (mathematics 数) algebraic expression consisting of two terms joined by + or （代数的）二项式. > binomial adj.

biochemistry
[7baiEu'kemistri; 7baio'kemistri] n [U] scientific study of the chemistry of living organisms 生物化学. 派生： biochemical[7baiEu'kemikl; 7baio'kemikl] adj. biochemist[7baiEu'kemist; 7baio'kemist] n expert in biochemistry 生物化学家.

biodegradable
[7baiEudi'greidEbl; 7baio7di'gredEbl] adj (of substances) that can be made to rot by bacteria （指物质）可由生物降解的.

biography
[bai'CgrEfi; bai'agrEfi] n (a) [C] story of a person's life written by sb else （由其他人撰写的）传记: * Boswell's biography of Johnson. 博斯威尔撰写的约翰逊传记. (b) [U] such writing as a branch of literature 传记文学: * I prefer biography to fiction. 我喜欢看传记, 不太喜欢看小说. 派生： biographer/bai'CgrEfE(r); bai'agrEfl] n person who writes a biography 传记作家. biographic, -ical[7baiE'grfik, -ikl; 7baiE'grAfik, -ikl] adjs.

biological
[7baiE'lCdVikl; 7baiE'ladVikl] adj of or relating to biology 生物学的; 与生物学有关的: * a biological experiment, reaction 生物学实验[反应] * biological soap-powders, ie ones that clean by destroying the living organisms contained in dirt 生物制剂皂粉. > biologically adv. 复合： bio,logical con`trol control of pests, esp insects, by the introduction of their natural enemy 生物控制（对有害生物, 尤指害虫, 利用其天敌进行控制）. bio,logical `warfare (also ,germ `warfare) use of germs as a weapon in war 生物战; 细菌战.

biology
[bai'ClEdVi; bai'alEdVi] n [U] scientific study of the life and structure of plants and animals 生物学. 派生： biologist[-dVist; -dVist] n expert in biology 生物学家. Cf 参看 botany, zoology.

bionic
[bai'Cnik; bai'anik] adj (in science fiction) having parts of the body that are operated electron-ically; having superhuman strength as a result of this （在科幻小说中）身体某部受电子操纵的, 有超人力量的.

biopsy
[5baiCpsi; 5baiapsi] n (medical 医) examination of fluids or tissue taken from a living body to diagnose a disease 活组织检查. Cf 参看 autopsy.

biorhythm
[5baiEuriTEm; 5baio7riTEm] n any of the recurring cycles of physical, emotional and intellectual activity said to affect human behaviour 生物节律（据说可影响人类行为的体力、 感情和智力活动的循环）.

bioscope
[5baiEskEup; 5baiE7skop] n (S African 南非) cinema 电影院.

biotechnology
[7baiEutek'nClEdVi; 7baiotek'nalEdVi] n [U] branch of technology concerned with the forms of industrial production that use micro-organisms and their biological processes 生物工艺学.

bipartisan
[7baipa:ti'zn; - 7bai'pa:rtizn; bai'partEzn] adj of or involving two political parties 两党的; 代表两党的: * a bipartisan policy 获得两党支持的政策 * bipar-tisan talks 两党的会谈.

bipartite
[5bai'pa:tait; bai'par7tait] adj 1 consisting of two parts 由两部分构成的; 双边的. 2 shared by or involving two groups or parties 双方共有的; 涉及双方的: * a bipartite agreement, treaty, etc 双边协定、 条约等.

biped
[5baiped; 5baiped] n animal with two feet 二足动物.

biplane
[5baiplein; 5bai7plen] n early type of aeroplane with two sets of wings, one above the other 双翼飞机. Cf 参看 monoplane.

birch
[bE:tF; bEtF] n 1 [U, C] (wood of a) type of northern forest tree with smooth bark and thin branches 白桦树; 桦木. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page i. 2 [C] birch rod or a bundle of birch twigs, formerly used for flogging schoolboys and young offenders 桦条（旧时用以抽打学童和少年犯）: * Should we bring back the birch as a punishment? 我们应该恢复用桦条抽打的体罚吗? 派生： birch v [Tn] flog with a birch(2) 用桦条打.

bird
[bE:d; bEd] n 1 feathered animal with two wings and two legs, usu able to fly 鸟; 禽. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, pages iv, v. 2 (sl 俚esp Brit) young woman 妞; 姑娘: * Terry's got a new bird, ie girl-friend. 特里有了个新女朋友. 3 (infml 口) person 人; 家伙: * a queer bird 怪人 * a wise old bird 聪明老练的人 * The professional footballer who also plays cricket is a rare bird nowadays, ie There are very few of them. 职业足球员也打板球的现在很少见了. 4 (idm 习语) the bird has `flown (catchphrase 警语) the wanted person has escaped 要捉的人逃走了. a bird in the `hand is worth two in the `bush (saying 谚) it is better to be content with what one has than to risk losing everything by being too greedy 一鸟在手, 胜於二鸟在林（最好满足於现有的, 以免因贪心而失去一切）. the birds and the `bees (euph 婉) basic facts about sex 基本的性知识: * tell a child about the birds and the bees 给孩子讲解基本的性知识. a ,bird's ,eye `view (of sth) (a) general view from a high position looking down 俯视; 鸟瞰: * From the plane we had a bird's eye view of London. 我们从飞机上鸟瞰伦敦. (b) general summary (of a subject) （某科目的）概观. birds of a `feather (flock to`gether) (saying 谚) people of the same sort (are found together) 鸟以群分（同类的人在一起）. an early bird => early. the early bird catches the worm => early. (strictly) for the birds (infml derog 口, 贬) not important; worthless 不重要的; 无价值的. give sb/get the `bird (sl 俚) shout at sb/be shouted at rudely and disapprovingly 用喊声轰某人: * The comedian got the bird, ie was jeered at by the audience. 那喜剧演员让人喝了倒采. a home bird => home1. kill two birds with one stone => kill. like a bird (infml 口) without difficulty; smoothly 毫无困难地; 一帆风顺地: * My new car goes like a bird. 我的新汽车行驶自如. a little bird told me => little1.

bird1
复合： `bird-bath n basin for birds to bathe in (usu in a garden) 鸟浴池（通常设於花园）. `birdbrained (infml derog 口, 贬) stupid; silly 愚蠢的; 笨的. `birdcage wire cage for a domestic bird or birds 鸟笼. `birdlime (also lime) n [U] sticky substance spread on branches to catch small birds （涂在树枝上以捕捉小鸟的）黏胶. ,bird of `paradise New Guinea bird with very bright plumage 极乐鸟（产於新几内亚, 羽毛鲜艳）. ,bird of `passage 1 migratory bird 候鸟. 2 (fig 比喻) person who passes through a place without staying there long 经某处而不久留的人. ,bird of `prey bird that kills other animals for food 猛禽. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page iv. `bird sanctuary area where birds are protected and helped to breed 鸟类保护区. `birdseed n [U] special seeds for feeding caged birds 鸟食. `bird-song n [U] musical cry of birds 鸟的婉转啼鸣; 啁啾. `bird-table n platform on which food for birds is placed 放置鸟食的平台. `bird-watcher n [C], `bird-watching n [U] (person whose hobby is) studying birds in their natural surroundings （在大自然中）对鸟的研究（的爱好者）.

birdie
[5bE:di; 5bEdi] n 1 (infml 口) little bird 小鸟. 2 score of one stroke under par for a hole at golf 高尔夫球运动中比规定击球次数少一击入穴所得的分数. Cf 参看 eagle 2, par1 3.

biretta
[bi'retE; bE'retE] n square, usu black, cap worn by Roman Catholic priests 法冠（天主教教士戴的通常为黑色的四角帽）.

biro
[5baiErEu; 5bairo] n (pl ~s) (propr 专利名) type of ball-point pen 一种圆珠笔.

birth
[bE:W; bEW] n 1 (a) [U] emergence of young from the mother's body; being born or bearing young 分娩; 出生; 生育: * The father was present at the (moment of) birth. 婴儿出生时其父亲在场. * The baby weighed seven pounds at birth. 婴儿出生时重七磅. * He has been blind from birth, ie all his life. 他自出生时就双目失明. (b) [C] instance of this 分娩; 出生; 生育: * There were three births at the hospital yesterday. 昨天这所医院里有叁个婴儿出生. 2 [C] (fig 比喻) coming into existence; beginning 起源; 开始: * the birth of capitalism, socialism, a political party, an idea 资本主义、 社会主义、 一个政党、 一种思想的起源. 3 [U] family origin; descent 家庭出身; 门第: * of noble birth, ie from an aristocratic family 高贵身世的（出身於贵族家庭） * She is English by birth but French by marriage. 她是英国血统, 但嫁给法国人而入了法国籍. 4 (idm 习语) give birth (to sb/sth) produce young 生孩子; 产仔: * She gave birth (to a healthy baby) last night. 她昨天晚上生了（一个健康的婴儿）. * (fig 比喻) Marx's ideas gave birth to communism. 马克思的思想孕育了共产主义. 复合： `birth certificate official document giving the date and place of a person's birth 出生证明书. `birth-control n [U] controlling the number of children one has, esp by contraception 节育: The pill is one method of birth-control. 服用避孕丸是一种避孕措施. `birthmark n unusual coloured mark on a person's skin at birth 胎记; 胎痣. `birthplace n house or district where a person was born 出生处; 出生地: Mozart's birthplace is (in) Salzburg. 莫扎特的出生地是萨尔茨堡. `birth rate ratio of births in one year to every thousand people 出生率. `birthright n privilege or property which a person may claim because of birth or status 由於出身或地位而可以享有的特权或财产; 与生俱来的权利: The estate is the birthright of the eldest son. 长子对这份地产有继承权birth1 /// * (fig 比喻) Freedom is our natural birthright. 自由是我们的天赋权利.

birthday
[5bE:Wdei; 5bEW7de] n 1 (anniversary of the) day of a person's birth 人的出生日期; 生日: * Happy birthday! 生日快乐! * [attrib 作定语] a `birthday card, party, present 生日贺卡、 宴会、 礼物. 2 (idm 习语) in one's `birthday suit (infml joc 口, 谑) naked 裸体的.

biscuit
[5biskit; 5biskit] n 1 [C] small flat thin piece of pastry baked crisp 饼乾. 2 [C] (US) soft cake like a scone 软烤饼. 3 [U] light-brown colour 淡褐色. 4 [U] pottery that has been fired (fire2 7) but not glazed （经烤焙而未上釉彩的）本色陶器. 5 (idm 习语) take the biscuit/cake (Brit infml 口) be extremely or specially amusing, annoying, surprising, etc 极其可笑、 讨厌、 惊奇等: * He's done stupid things before, but this really takes the biscuit, ie is the most stupid thing. 他以前倒也干过傻事, 但这次实在太离谱了（做了最愚蠢的事）.

bisect
[bai'sekt; bai'sekt] v [Tn] divide into two (usu equal) parts 分成两个（通常为相等的）部分; 二等分. > bisection/bai'sekFn; bai'sekFEn] n [U, C].

bisexual
[7bai'sekFuEl; bai'sekFuEl] adj 1 sexually attracted to both men and women 对男女两性都有性欲的. Cf 参看 heterosexual, homosexual. 2 having both male and female sexual organs; hermaphrodite 具有两性生殖器官的; 雌雄同体的. 派生： bisexual n person who is bisexual 对男女两性都有性欲的人; 具有两性生殖器官的人; 阴阳人. bisexuality[7baisekFu'lEti; 7baisekFu'AlEti] n [U].

bishop
[5biFEp; 5biFEp] n 1 senior clergyman in charge of the work of the Church in a city or district 主教: * the Bishop of Durham 达勒姆市主教. 2 chess piece shaped like a bishop's hat （国际象棋中的）象. =>illus at chess 见 chess. 派生： bishopric[5biFEprik; 5biFEprik] n 1 position of a bishop 主教的职位. 2 district under a bishop's control; diocese 主教的管区; 主教辖区.

bismuth
[5bizmEW; 5bizmEW] n [U] chemical element, a greyish-white metal used in alloys; compound of this used in medicines 铋. =>App 10 见附录10.

bison
[5baisn; 5baisn] n (pl unchanged 复数不变) 1 American buffalo 北美野牛. 2 European wild ox 欧洲野牛.

bistro
[5bi:strEu; 5bistro] n (pl ~s) small restaurant 小餐馆.

bit
1[bit; bit] n 1 (a) [C] small piece or amount (of sth) 小块; 少量: * bits of bread, cheese, paper 一点面包、 乾酪、 纸张 * a bit of advice, help, luck, news 一点劝告、 帮助、 运气、 消息 * I've got a bit of (ie some) shopping to do. 我得去买点东西. (b) [sing] a ~ (of sth) (infml ironic 口, 反语 ) large amount 大量: * `How much money has he got in the bank?’ `A fair bit.’ ‘他在银行里有多少存款?’‘可多啦.’ * It takes quite a bit of time to get from London to Glasgow. 从伦敦到格拉斯哥要花很多时间. * This novel will take a bit of reading, ie a long time to read. 这本小说真够看的（要花很多时间）. 2 [C] (a) (Brit) small coin, esp an obsolete one worth three or six old pence 小硬币（尤指已作废的面值叁或六便士的旧币）: * a threepenny bit 叁便士硬币. (b) (US) (usu pl and in phrases 通常用於复数和词组) 12 cents 十二分半（美元）: * two bits or a quarter (of a dollar) （美元的）两个十二分半的钱币或一个二十五分的钱币. 3 [sing] (sl 俚) set of actions, attitudes, etc associated with a specific group, person or activity 与某集体、 人或活动有关的一系列行动、 态度等: * She couldn't accept the whole drug-culture bit. 她看不惯一切和毒品有关的事. 4 (idm 习语) a bit (a) slightly; rather 稍微; 有一点儿: * `Are you tired?’ `Yes, I am a bit (tired).’ ‘你累了吗?’‘是的, 我有点儿（累）.’ * This book costs a bit (too) much. 这本书（太）贵了一点儿. * These trousers are a bit tight. 这条裤子有点儿紧. (b) short time or distance 短时间; 短距离: * Wait a bit! 稍等一会儿! * Move up a bit. 稍微向上挪一下. bit by `bit a piece at a time; gradually 一点儿一点儿地; 逐渐地: * He assembled the model aircraft bit by bit. 他一块一块地装配飞机模型. * He saved money bit by bit until he had enough to buy a car. 他一点儿一点儿攒钱直到够买一辆汽车. a bit `much (infml 口) unwelcome; excessive; unreasonable 不受欢迎; 过分; 不合理:

bit1
* The noise from that party is getting a bit much. 从聚会上传来的喧闹声越发过分了. * It's a bit much ringing me up at three o'clock in the morning. 凌晨叁点钟就打电话来, 太不像话了. a bit of a (infml 口) rather a 有点儿: * He's a bit of a bully, coward, fool, bore, etc.他有点儿霸道、 胆怯、 愚蠢、 烦人等. * This rail strike is a bit of a nuisance, ie is rather inconvenient. 这次铁路罢工真有点儿讨厌（不太方便）. a bit of all `right (Brit sl 俚) very attractive or pleasing person or thing 非常吸引人或讨人喜欢的人或事物: * Dave's girl-friend is a bit of all right. 戴夫的女朋友很可爱. a bit of `crumpet/`fluff/`skirt/`stuff (Brit sl sexist 俚, 性别偏见) pretty girl or woman 漂亮的女子. a bit `thick (infml 口) more than one can or wishes to tolerate; not fair or reasonable 不能或不愿容忍的; 不公平或不合理的: * It's a bit thick expecting us to work on Sundays. 想让我们在星期日工作可真不像话. bits and `bobs; bits and `pieces (infml 口) small objects or items of various kinds 各种各样的小零碎儿: * I always have a lot of bits and pieces in my coat pocket. 我的大衣口袋里总是装着零七八碎的东西. do one's `bit (infml 口) do one's share (of a task); make a useful contribution 做自己分内的（事）; 作有益的贡献: * We can finish this job on time if everyone does his bit. 每一个人都尽自己的本分, 我们就能按时完成这项工作. every bit as good, bad, etc (as sb/sth) just as; equally 同样; 相等: * Rome is every bit as beautiful as Paris. 罗马和巴黎一样美丽. * He's as clever as she is: * every bit as. 他和她一样聪明, 完全一样. not a `bit; not one (little) `bit not at all; not in any way 一点儿也不: * `Are you cold?’ `Not a bit.’ ‘你冷吗?’‘一点儿也不冷.’ * It's not a bit of use (ie There's no point in) complaining. 抱怨毫无用处. * I don't like that idea one little bit. 我一点儿也不喜欢那个主意. not a `bit of it! (infml 口) not at all; on the contrary 一点儿也不; 相反:

bit2
* You'd think she'd be tired after such a long journey, but not a bit of it! 你以为她在这麽长的旅行之後一定会很疲劳, 可是她一点儿也不累! thrilled to bits => thrill. to bits into small pieces 成为碎片: * pull/tear sth to bits 将某物扯[撕]成碎片 * The parchment came/fell to bits (ie disintegrated) in my hands. 羊皮纸在我手中成了碎片. 派生： bitty adj (usu derog 通常作贬义) made up of bits; lacking unity 拼凑的; 零碎的: a bitty conversation, interview, film 东拉西扯的对话、 电影 * The play is rather bitty. 这出戏有点儿像拼凑的. 复合： `bit part small part in a play or film （戏剧或电影中的）小角色.

bitch
[bitF; bitF] n 1 female dog, fox, otter or wolf （雌性的）狗、 狐、 獭或狼: * a greyhound bitch 雌灵豁是. Cf 参看 dog 1, vixen. 2 (a) (sl derog 俚, 贬) spiteful woman 恶毒的女人; 泼妇: * Don't talk to me like that, you bitch! 你这个母夜叉, 别跟我这样说话! (b) (sl 俚) difficult problem or situation 为难的问题或情况. 3 (idm 习语) son of a `bitch => son. 派生： bitch v [I, Ipr] ~ (about sb/sth) (infml 口) make spiteful comments; complain or grumble 出言不逊; 抱怨; 发牢骚: She's always bitching about the people at work. 她总是埋怨正在干活儿的人. bitchy adj spiteful or bad-tempered 不怀好意的; 脾气坏的: a bitchy remark 尖酸刻薄的话. bitchiness n [U].

bite
1[bait; bait] v (pt bit/bit; bit] , pp bitten[5bitn;'bitn] ) 1 [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (into sth) cut into or nip (sth/sb) with the teeth 咬（某物[某人]）: * Does your dog bite? ie Is it in the habit of biting people? 你的狗咬人吗? * She bit into the apple. 她咬了一口苹果. * That dog just bit me in the leg. 那条狗刚咬了我的腿. * Stop biting your nails! 别再咬指甲了! 2 [Tn] (of an insect) sting; (of a snake) pierce (sb's skin) with its teeth （指昆虫）咬、 叮、 蜇;（指蛇）咬: * badly bitten by mosquitoes 被蚊子叮得很厉害 * (joc 谑) We were bitten to death (ie bitten a great deal) by flies while camping. 露营时我们让飞虫咬得死去活来. 3 [I] (of fish) take or try to take the bait （指鱼）吞饵, 吃饵, 咬饵: * The fish won't bite today. 今天鱼不上钩. * (fig 比喻) I tried to sell him my old car, but he wouldn't bite, ie he didn't accept the offer. 我打算把我的旧汽车卖给他, 可是他不肯上钩. 4 [I, Tn] (cause sb/sth to) smart or sting （使某人[某物]）感觉剧痛或刺痛: * Her fingers were bitten by the frost/were `frost-bitten. 她的手指冻伤了. 5 [I] take a strong hold; grip sth firmly 紧握; 抓紧, 咬住（某物）: * Wheels won't bite on a slippery surface. 车轮打滑. 6 [I] become effective, usu in an unpleasant way 见效（通常指坏事）: * The miners' strike is really starting to bite. 矿工罢工就要真正显出威力了. 7 (idm 习语) be bitten by sth have a strong interest in or enthusiasm for sth 对某事物有强烈的兴趣; 热衷於某事物: * John's taken up stamp-collecting; he seems really bitten by it. 约翰已经着手集邮, 好像真入迷了. bite the `bullet accept sth unpleasant in a resigned way 硬着头皮接受不愉快的事物. bite the `dust (infml 口) (a) fall down dead 倒地而死. (b) be defeated or rejected 被打败; 被拒绝:

bite1
* Another of my great ideas bites the dust! 我的一个好主意又碰壁了! bite the hand that `feeds one be unfriendly to or harm sb who has been kind to one 对有德於己的人怀恶意或加害; 忘恩负义. bite sb's head off (infml 口) criticize sb angrily (and often unfairly) 愤怒地批评某人（常为不公正地）: * I was only five minutes late but she really bit my head off. 我仅仅迟到五分钟, 可她就把我狠狠地说了一顿. bite off ,more than one can `chew (infml 口) attempt to do too much or sth that is too demanding 试图做过多的事或太费周折的事. bite one's `lip grip one's lip or lips between the teeth to prevent oneself from saying sth, sobbing, showing emotion, etc 咬住嘴唇, 以忍住话、 啜泣或感情宣泄等. the biter `bit the person that intended to cheat or harm sb was cheated or harmed himself 打算骗人或害人的人反而自己上当受骗或受害. bite one's tongue try hard not to say what one thinks or feels; blame oneself for having said sth embarrassing, hurtful, etc 强忍着不说出自己的想法或感觉; 因曾说出令人难堪或伤感情的话等而自责. (have) sth to bite on (have) sth definite to do, examine, etc 有确切的事可做可查等. once bitten, twice shy => once. what's biting him, you, etc? (infml 口) what's worrying him, you, etc? 他、 你...愁什麽呢? 8 (phr v) bite at sth try to bite sth; snap at sth 去咬某物; 突然猛咬某物: * dogs biting at each other's tails 互相咬住对方尾巴的狗. bite sth off cut sth off by biting 咬下某物: * bite off a large chunk of apple 咬下一大块苹果. 派生： biting adj 1 causing a smarting pain 引起剧痛的: a biting wind 刺骨的寒风. 2 (of remarks) sharply critical; cutting （指言语）尖刻的, 严厉的, 辛辣的: biting sarcasm 尖刻的讽刺. bitingly adv.

bitten
pt of bite1.

bitter
[5bitE(r); 5bitl] adj 1 having a sharp taste like aspirin or unsweetened coffee; not sweet 苦的; 有苦味的: * Black coffee leaves a bitter taste in the mouth. 不加奶的咖啡在嘴里留下了一些苦味. 2 difficult to accept; causing sorrow; unwelcome 难以接受的; 引起悲伤的; 不受欢迎的: * learn from bitter experience 从惨痛教训中吸取教益 * Failing the exam was a bitter disappointment to him. 他考试不及格很伤心失望. 3 caused by, feeling or showing envy, hatred or disappointment 引起、 感觉或显示出嫉妒、 憎恶、 怨恨或失望的: * bitter quarrels, enemies, words 剧烈的争吵、 死敌、 毒恶的言语 * shed bitter tears 落下伤心泪 * She feels/is bitter about her divorce. 她对离婚觉得很感伤. 4 piercingly cold 严寒: * a bitter wind 刺骨的寒风. 5 (idm 习语) a bitter `pill (for sb) (to swallow) thing that is unpleasant or humiliating to accept 难以忍受的、 不愉快的或丢脸的事: * Defeat in the election was a bitter pill for him to swallow. 在选举中失败是他难以下 的苦果. to the bitter `end until all that is possible has been done 拼到底: * fight, struggle, etc to the bitter end 战斗[斗争]...到底. 派生： bitter n [U] (Brit) bitter beer strongly flavoured with hops （用蛇麻子调味的）苦啤酒: A pint of bitter, please. 请来一品脱苦啤酒. bitterly adv in a bitter way 苦苦地; 惨痛地: be bitterly disappointed 伤心失望 * She wept bitterly. 她哭得很伤心. * He is bitterly (ie very deeply) opposed to nuclear weapons. 他强烈地反对核武器. bitterness n [U]. bitters n [U, sing or pl v] liquor flavoured with bitter herbs, used in cocktails 用苦味药草调味的酒（用於鸡尾酒）: gin and bitters 苦味杜松子酒 * a dash of bitters 少许苦味酒. 复合： ,bitter-`sweet adj 1 sweet but with a bitter taste at the end 甜中带苦的. 2 (fig 比喻) pleasant but with a hint of sadness 欢乐中带有一丝忧伤: bitter-sweet experiences/memories 苦乐交织的经历[回忆].

bittern
[5bitEn; 5bitln] n marsh bird related to the heron, with a characteristic booming call 麻 （苍鹭类, 鸣声低沉, 栖息於沼泽）.

bitumen
[5bitjumEn; - bE'tu:mEn; bE'tumEn] n [U] black sticky substance obtained from petroleum, used for covering roads or roofs 沥青. 派生： bituminous/bi'tju:minEs; - -'tu:-; bi'tumEnEs] adj containing bitumen 含有沥青的: * bituminous coal, ie coal that burns with smoky yellow flames 烟煤.

bivalve
[5baivAlv; 5bai7vAlv] n (zoology 动) shellfish with a hinged double shell, eg a mussel or clam 双壳贝类（如贻贝或蛤）: * [attrib 作定语] a bivalve mollusc 一种双壳软体动物.

bivouac
[5bivuAk; 5bivu7Ak] n temporary camp without tents or any other cover, esp used by soldiers or mountaineers （无帐篷或其他遮盖物的）临时营地（尤指 士兵或登山者所用的）. 派生： bivouac v [I] (-ck-) make or camp in a bivouac 在露天地上宿营: We bivouacked on the open plain. 我们在开阔的原野上露营.

bizarre
[bi'za:(r); bi'zar] adj strange in appearance or effect; grotesque; eccentric 奇形怪状的; 古怪的.

bk
abbr 缩写 = (pl bks) book: Streamline Bk 2 《流线》第二册.

blab
[blAb; blAb] v (-bb-) [I] (infml 口) 1 give away a secret by indiscreet talk; confess 因不慎的谈吐而泄漏秘密; 认错: * It'll remain a secret unless someone blabs. 除非有人泄漏出去, 否则这永远是个秘密. 2 = blabber.

blabber
[5blAbE(r); 5blAbl] (also blab) v [I] (infml 口) talk foolishly or too much 胡扯; 瞎说; 饶舌: * What's he blabbering (on) about? 他胡扯些什麽? 派生： blabber n [U] (infml 口) foolish or persistent talk 愚蠢的或喋喋不休的话. 复合： `blabbermouth n (infml 口) person who blabs 多嘴人, 碎嘴子; 泄密者.

black
1[blAk; blAk] adj 1 (a) of the very darkest colour, like coal or soot; opposite of white; of a colour very similar to this 黑的; 黑色的: * black shoes 黑鞋 * a black suit 一套黑衣服 * black coffee, ie without cream or milk 不加奶油或牛奶的咖啡. Cf 参看 white1. (b) (almost) without light, completely dark （几乎）没有光亮的, 完全黑暗的: * a black starless night 一个漆黑没有星星的夜晚. (c) (of water, clouds, etc) dark, gloomy （指水、 云等）昏黑的, 幽暗的: * a deep, black pool 又深又黑的水潭 * The sky looks black and threatening, ie stormy. 天色阴沉可怕. 2 (a) of a dark-skinned race 黑肤色人种的: * Many black people emigrated to Britain in the 1950's. 在二十世纪五十年代许多黑人移民到英国. * Britain's black minority/population 英国的黑人少数民族[人口]. (b) of black people 黑人的: * black culture 黑人的文化. 3 very dirty; covered with dirt 很脏的; 有污垢的: * hands black with grime 污黑的手. 4 (fig 比喻) without hope; very sad or melancholy 毫无希望的; 感伤的; 忧郁的: * The future looks black. 前途暗淡. * black news 坏消息 * black (ie very great) despair 绝望 * a black day, week, etc, ie one full of sad or unwelcome events 倒霉的一天、 一周等. 5 [usu attrib 通常作定语] very angry or resentful 恼怒的; 怨恨的: * a black look/mood 怒目而视[低落的情绪]. 6 evil or wicked; very harmful 邪恶的; 不义的; 非常有害的: * a black deed/lie 昧着良心的行为[谎言]. 7 funny but in a cynical or macabre way 荒诞、 恐怖而有趣的: * black humour 黑色幽默（荒诞的或恐怖的幽默） * a black joke 黑色笑话（荒诞的或恐怖的笑话）. 8 (of goods, etc) not to be handled by trade unionists while others are on strike （指货物等）（在罢工时）工会会员不予处理的: * The strikers declared the cargo black. 罢工者宣布那批货不予处理. 9 (idm 习语)

black1
(beat sb) black and `blue (hit sb until he is) covered with bruises （把某人打得）青一块紫一块. (as) black as ink/pitch very dark; completely black 墨黑; 漆黑. not as black as it/one is `painted not as bad as it/one is said to be 不像所说的那麽坏. of the blackest/deepest dye => dye2. the pot calling the kettle black => pot1. 派生： blacken[5blAkEn; 5blAkEn] v [Tn] 1 make or become black or very dark 使黑; 使变黑. 2 [Tn] say unpleasant things about (sth) 诋毁, 诽谤（某事物）: * blacken a person's character/name 诋毁某人的品格[名声]. blackness n [U]. 复合： black `art = blackmagic. ,black-`beetle n type of cockroach 蟑螂. `blackberry[5blAkbri, -beri; 5blAk7beri] n 1 wild shrub with thorny stems 黑莓（野生灌木, 树干有刺）. 2 its small dark edible fruit 黑莓（可供食用的黑色小果子）. -- v [I] (pt, pp -ried) gather blackberries 采黑莓: * go blackberrying 去采黑莓. `blackbird n European songbird of the thrush family, the male of which is black 黑鹂（欧洲鸫科鸣禽, 雄鸟黑色）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page iv. `blackboard n (US `chalkboard) dark-coloured board used for writing on with chalk, esp in a school classroom 黑板. ,black `box automatic device for recording details of the flight of a plane 黑盒（记录飞机飞行详情的自动装置）. ,black `comedy play, etc that presents the unpleasant or tragic realities of life in a comic way 黑色喜剧（以喜剧形式表现不愉快的或悲剧的人生现实的戏剧等）. the `Black Country smoky industrial area in the West Midlands of England 黑乡（英格兰的西米德兰烟雾弥漫的工业区）. ,black`currant n 1 common garden shrub 黑醋栗（欧洲常见园栽灌木）. 2 its small dark edible berry 黑醋栗（深色可食用的小果子）. the Black `Death widespread epidemic of bubonic plague in the 14th century 黑死病（14世纪广泛传染的淋巴腺鼠疫）.

black2
,black e`conomy unofficial system of employing and paying workers without observing legal requirements such as the payment of income tax 黑市经营（对工人雇用及付酬不遵守缴纳所得税等法规的做法）: The growing black economy is beginning to worry the Government. 黑市经营日益泛滥, 政府已开始担忧. black `eye dark bruised skin around a person's eye, resulting from a blow （被打得）眼圈发青: give sb a black eye, ie hit sb in the eye causing a bruise 把某人打得眼圈发青. `Black Friar Dominican monk （多明我会的）修道士. `blackhead n small black pimple blocking a pore in the skin 黑头粉刺. ,black `hole region in outer space from which no matter or radiation can escape 黑洞（任何物质或辐射均无从逃逸的外太空区域）. ,black `ice thin transparent layer of ice on a road surface 黑冰, 薄冰（路面上薄而透明的冰层）: The lorry skidded on a stretch of black ice. 货车在薄冰路面上打滑. `blackjack n 1 [C] (esp US) type of stick or club used as a weapon, esp a leather-covered metal pipe held by a strap or flexible handle （用作武器的）棍子或棒子（尤指包着皮革的金属管, 有皮带或弹性手柄）. 2 [U] = pontoon2. ,black`lead n [U] grey-black substance used in lead pencils and for polishing 石墨; 笔铅. -- v [Tn] polish (sth) with blacklead 用石墨抛光某物. ,black `magic type of magic that involves calling on the powers of evil 妖术; 诅咒巫术. ,Black Ma`ria/mE'raiE; mE'raiE] (infml 口) police van for transporting prisoners 囚车. ,black `mark sign of disapproval or discredit (placed against a person's name) （指人品）污点: (fig 比喻) The public scandal left a black mark on his career. 这一尽人皆知的丑闻给他的事业留下了污点. ,black `market illegal buying and selling of goods or currencies (esp where there is official rationing) 黑市; 黑市交易: buy/sell sth on the black market 在黑市上买[卖]某物

black3
* [attrib 作定语] black market goods 黑市货物. ,black ,marke`teer person who trades on the black market 做黑市交易者. ,black `mass travesty of the Mass, in which Satan is worshipped instead of God 黑弥撒（渎神弥撒, 所赞颂的是撒旦而非上帝）. ,Black `Muslim member of a militant group of Blacks, esp in the USA, who follow Islam 黑人穆斯林（尤指美国追随伊斯兰教的黑人激进组织成员）. `black-out n 1 (a) period when all lights must be put out or covered, esp as a precaution during an air attack 灯火管制期（尤指为防空袭的）: Curtains must be drawn during the black-out. 在灯火管制期间必须拉上窗 . (b) period of darkness caused by an electrical power failure 停电. (c) (theatre 戏) extinguishing of stage lights, eg at the end of a scene 舞台熄灯（如在戏剧中一幕结束时的）. 2 temporary loss of consciousness or sight or memory 暂时失去知觉、 视力或记忆. 3 prevention of the release of information 封锁消息: The government imposed a news black-out (ie stopped the broadcasting and printing of news) during the crisis. 政府在那次危机期间实施新闻封锁. ,black `pepper hot seasoning made by grinding dried unripe berries of the pepper plant 黑胡椒. ,Black `Power movement supporting civil rights and political power for black people 黑人民权运动. ,black `pudding type of large dark sausage made from dried blood, suet and barley 黑香肠（用乾血、 牛羊脂肪油和大麦制成的）. ,Black `Sash women's anti-apartheid organization in S Africa 黑带组织（南非反对种族隔离制度的妇女组织）. ,black `sheep person regarded as a disgrace or a failure by other members of his family or group 害群之马: My brother is the black sheep of the family. 我弟弟是我们家的害群之马. `blackshirt n member of a fascist organization 黑衫党党员（法西斯组织成员）. `black spot place where accidents often happen, esp on a road 黑点地区（常发生事故的地点, 尤指道路某处）: a notorious (accident) black spot 声名狼藉（常发生事故）的黑点地区.

black4
`blackthorn n thorny European shrub with white blossom and purple fruit like a small plum 黑刺李（欧洲有刺灌木, 开白花结紫果, 像小李子）. black `tie (a) black bow-tie worn with a dinner jacket 黑领结（穿黑色晚礼服上衣时所配的黑色蝴蝶领结）. (b) [esp attrib 尤作定语] requiring formal dress 要求穿礼服的: a black tie dinner/affair 要求穿礼服的宴会[场合] * It's black tie, ie Dinner-jackets should be worn. 那是要穿晚礼服的. ,black-water `fever very severe type of malaria with bloody urine 黑尿热, 黑水热（严重的疟疾, 尿液带血）. ,black `widow poisonous American spider, the female of which often eats its mate 黑寡妇（美洲有毒蜘蛛, 雌蜘蛛常在交配後吃掉雄蜘蛛）.

blackamoor
[ 5blAkEmR:(r) or, rarely, 罕读作 -mUE(r);`blAkE9mRr] n (dated derog offensive 旧, 贬, 蔑) negro or dark-skinned person 黑人; 黑色皮肤的人.

blackball
[5blAkbC:l; 5blAk7bCl] v [Tn] prevent (sb) from joining a club or group by voting against him in a ballot 投反对票以阻止（某人）加入某俱乐部或某组织: * blackball a candidate 投票反对一候选人.

blackguard
[5blAga:d; 5blAgard] n (fml 文) dishonourableman; scoundrel 无耻之徒; 恶棍; 无赖; 流氓. 派生： blackguardly adj (fml 文) dishonest or immoral 无耻的; 不道德的; 邪恶的; 下流的: a blackguardly trick 卑鄙的手段.

blackleg
[5blAkleg; 5blAk7leg] n (derog 贬) person who works when his fellow workers are on strike 工贼（在别人罢工时上工的人）. Cf 参看 strike-breaker (strike1). 派生： blackleg v [I] (-gg-) (derog 贬) act as a blackleg 当工贼（在别人罢工时去上工）.

blacklist
[5blAklist; 5blAk7list] n list of people who are considered dangerous or who are to be punished 黑名单: * The police drew up a blacklist of wanted terrorists. 警方拟就一份通缉恐怖分子的黑名单. 派生： blacklist v [Tn] put (sb) on a blacklist 把（某人）列入黑名单: He was blacklisted because of his extremist views. 他因观点偏激而被列入黑名单.

blackmail
[5blAkmeil; 5blAk7mel] n [U] 1 demanding money (from sb) by threatening to reveal information which could harm him 勒索; 敲诈: * be found guilty of blackmail 被裁决犯有勒索罪. 2 use of threats to influence a person or group 用威胁来左右别人: * `Increase productivity or lose your jobs.’ `That's blackmail!’ ‘你们要提高生产率, 不然就把你们解雇!’‘这是要挟!’ 派生： blackmail v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (into doing sth) force sb to do sth by blackmail 要挟某人做某事: He was blackmailed by an enemy agent (into passing on state secrets). 敌特威胁他（要他交出国家机密）. * The strikers refused to be blackmailed into returning to work. 罢工者拒绝了要挟复工的条件. blackmailer n person who commits blackmail 勒索者; 敲诈者.

blacksmith
[5blAksmiW; 5blAksmiW] (also smith) n person whose job is to make and repair things made of iron, esp horseshoes 铁匠（尤指马蹄铁匠）.

bladder
[5blAdE(r); 5blAdl] n 1 bag made of membrane in which urine collects in human and animal bodies 膀胱. 2 similar bag that can be inflated for various uses (eg the rubber lining of a football) （任何可充气的）囊状物（如足球内的橡皮球胆）.

blade
[bleid; bled] n 1 (a) flat cutting part of a knife, sword, chisel, etc （刀、 剑、 凿等的）刃: * a penknife with five blades 五开的摺刀. =>illus at knife, sword 见knife, sword. (b) = razor-blade (razor). 2 (dated 旧) sword; swordsman 剑; 剑客; 击剑家. 3 flat wide part of an oar, a propeller, a spade, a cricket bat, etc （划水桨、 螺旋桨、 锹、 铲、 板球击球板等的）扁宽平面部分. =>illus at rowing-boat row见rowing-boat之插图. 4 (a) flat narrow leaf of certain plants, esp grasses and cereals （植物的）叶片（尤指草类与谷类的）: * a blade of grass/corn 一片草叶[禾叶]. (b) flat part of a leaf or petal （叶子或花瓣的）扁平部分.

blaeberry
[5bleibri; - -beri; 5bleberi] n = bilberry.

blah
[bla:; bla] n [U] (infml 口) talk that sounds impressive but actually says very little 冠冕堂皇的废话: * That's just a lot of blah. 那纯粹都是胡扯. * There he goes, blah blah blah, talking nonsense as usual. 他又来这一套了, 夸夸其谈, 像往常一样谈来谈去都是废话.

blame
[bleim; blem] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth)[~ sth on sb consider or say that sb is responsible for sth done (badly or wrongly) or not done 责备; 责怪; 指责; 埋怨; 归咎於: * I don't blame you, ie I think your action was justified. 我不怪你（我认为你做得有道理）. * (saying 谚) A bad workman blames his tools, ie refuses to accept the responsibility for his own mistakes. 拙匠埋怨工具差（不承认错在自己）. * If you fail the exam you'll only have yourself to blame, ie it will be your own fault. 你若考试不及格, 只能怪自己. * She blamed him for the failure of their marriage/blamed the failure of their marriage on him. 她把婚姻的触礁归咎於他. 2 (idm 习语) be to blame (for sth) be responsible for sth bad; deserve to be blamed 对某坏事应负责任; 应受责备: * Which driver was to blame for the accident? 这事故是哪个司机的责任? * She was in no way to blame. 决不应该责备她. 派生： blame n [U] ~ (for sth) 1 responsibility for sth done badly or wrongly （对做坏的或做错的事所负的）责任: bear/take/accept/get the blame (for sth) （对某事）承担责任 * Where does the blame for our failure lie? ie Who or what is responsible? 我们失败的 结在哪里? 2 criticism for doing sth wrong 对做错某事的批评: He incurred much blame for his stubborn attitude. 他态度顽固而招致许多责难. 3 (idm 习语) lay/put the blame (for sth) on sb blame sb for sth 把某事归咎於某人. blameless adj deserving no blame; innocent 无可责备的; 无过失的: a blameless life 无可指责的一生 * None of us is blameless in this matter. 在这件事上, 我们没有一个人是无过错的. blamelessly adv. blameworthy adj deserving blame 应受责备的.

blanch
[bla:ntF; - blAntF; blAntF] v 1 [Tn] prepare (food, esp vegetables) by putting briefly in boiling water; scald 焯（食物, 尤指蔬菜）; 烫洗: * You blanch almonds to remove their skins. 你把杏仁焯一下, 烫去表皮. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) (at sth) become pale (with fear, cold, etc) （因害怕、 寒冷等而）脸色苍白: * He blanched (with fear) at the sight of the snake. 他看见蛇（吓得）脸色煞白.

blancmange
[blE'mCnV; blE'manV] n [C, U] jelly-like pudding made with milk in a mould 牛奶冻儿（用牛奶调制, 放在模子里成型的胶状点心）.

bland
[blAnd; blAnd] adj (-er, -est) 1 gentle or casual in manner; showing no strong emotions; suave 文雅的; 随和的; 不动感情; 和蔼的. 2 (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) (of food) not rich or stimulating; very mild in flavour; tasteless （指食物）不油腻的, 无刺激性的, 清淡的, 无味的: * He eats only bland food because of his ulcer. 他患溃疡, 只能吃无刺激性的食物. * This cheese is rather bland. 这乾酪没什麽味道. 3 without striking features; uninteresting 无显着特徵的; 引不起兴趣的: * He has a bland appearance. 他外表平庸. > blandly adv. blandness n [U].

blandishment
[ 5blAndIFmEnt; `blAndIFmEnt/ n (usu pl 通常作复数) (fml 文) flattering or coaxing words and actions 谄媚或哄骗的言语和行为: She resisted his blandishments. 她把他的甜言蜜语顶了回去.

blank
[blANk; blANk] adj (-er, -est) 1 (a) without writing or print; unmarked 空白的; 无痕迹的: * a blank sheet of paper 一张白纸 * a blank page 空白的一页 * Write on one side of the page and leave the other side blank. 在这页的一边写字, 另一边空着. (b) (of a document, etc) with empty spaces for writing answers, a signature, etc （指文件等）有空白处的（供填写答覆、 签字等）: * a blank form 空白的表格. (c) bare; empty 光着的; 空的: * a blank wall, ie without doors, windows, pictures, etc 一堵光秃秃的墙（没有门窗, 没有图画等）. 2 without expression, understanding or interest; empty 没表情的; 不理解的; 没兴趣的; 空虚的: * a blank expression/face/gaze 茫然的表情[面孔/凝视] * He looked blank, ie puzzled. 他显得不知所措. * Her questions drew blank looks all round, ie No one seemed to know how to answer them. 她的问题把大家问得目瞪口呆. * Suddenly my mind went blank, ie I was unable to remember anything or think properly. 猛然间我的脑子里成了一片空白. 3 [attrib 作定语] total; absolute 全部的; 绝对的: * a blank denial/refusal 全然的否认[拒绝]. 派生： blank n 1 (a) empty space in a document, etc for writing answers, a signature, etc （文件之类供作答、 签名等所留的）空白: fill in the blanks on the question paper 在问卷上填空 * If you can't answer the question, leave a blank. 如果答不上来就空着. (b) printed document with empty spaces 空白表格: I've filled in this form incorrectly. Can I have another blank? 我把表格填错了. 再给我一张空白的, 可以吗? 2 empty space; void 空白; 空虚; 空隙: My mind/memory was a (complete) blank I couldn't think of a single answer. 我头脑[记忆]里（完全）是一片空白--连一个答案也想不出. 3 = blank cartridge. 4 (idm 习语) draw a blank => draw2. blank v (phr v) blank sth out obscure or erase sth 掩盖; 删去.

blank1
blankly adv with a blank expression 茫然若失: look blankly at sb/sth 呆呆地看着某人[某物]. blankness n [U]. 复合： ,blank `cartridge cartridge that contains powder but no bullet （有弹药而无弹头的）空弹, 空包弹. ,blank `cheque (a) signed cheque with the amount to be paid left blank, for the payee to write in （由受款人自行填写金额的）空白支票. (b) (fig 比喻) complete authority to do sth 对某事可全权处理: The architect was given/presented with a blank cheque to design a new city centre. 设计师被授予全权设计一个新的城市中心区. ,blank `verse verse written in lines of usu ten syllables, without rhyme 无韵诗（通常为每行十个音节而不押韵的诗歌）: Many Elizabethan plays are written in blank verse. 伊丽莎白时代的许多戏剧以无韵诗形式写成.

blanket
[5blANkit; 5blANkit] n 1 thick woollen covering used, esp on beds, for keeping people warm 毛毯; 毡子: * It's cold I need another blanket. 太冷了--我再要一条毯子. 2 (fig 比喻) thick covering mass or layer 覆盖着厚厚的块或层: * a blanket of fog/cloud/smoke/snow 一层雾[云/烟/雪]. 3 [attrib 作定语] covering all cases or classes; general; comprehensive 包括一切情形或种类的; 总括的; 综合的: * a blanket agreement/term/rule 一揽子协议[总的条件/总则]. 4 (idm 习语) be born on the wrong side of the blanket => born. a wet blanket => wet. 派生： blanket v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in/with sth) cover sth completely 完全覆盖某物: The countryside was blanketed with snow/fog. 乡村被雪[雾]覆盖着.

blare
[bleE(r); bler] v 1 [I, Ip] ~ (out) make a loud harsh sound like a trumpet 发出像喇叭一样响亮刺耳的声音: * Car horns blared. 汽车的喇叭响了. * The trumpets blared `out. 喇叭齐鸣. 2 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (out) produce or utter (such sounds) 发出（上述的声音）: * The radio blared out pop music. 无线电高声播放流行音乐. 派生： blare n [U] blaring sound 巨大刺耳的声音: the blare of police sirens, a brass band 警车警报器的鸣声[铜管乐队的奏鸣声].

blarney
[5bla:ni; 5blarni] n [U] (infml 口) smooth talk that flatters and deceives people 奉承话; 花言巧语.

blase
[5bla:zei; - bla:'zei; bla'ze] adj ~ (about sth) bored or not impressed by things because one has already experienced or seen them so often 腻烦的: * a blase attitude/manner 一副无所谓的态度[样子] * She's very blase about parties. 她非常腻烦聚会.

blaspheme
[blAs'fi:m; blAs'fim] v [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (against sb/sth) swear or curse using the name of God; speak in an irreverent way about (God or sacred things) 亵渎（神 或神圣的事物）: * blaspheme (against) the name of God 亵渎神的名 * He always swears and blasphemes when he's drunk. 他酒醉後总是骂骂咧咧, 亵渎神 . 派生： blasphemer n person who blasphemes 亵渎神者. blasphemous[5blAsfEmEs; 5blAsfimEs] adj showing contempt or irreverence for God and sacred things 对上帝和神圣事物表示轻蔑或不敬的: * blasphemous words/ curses/ language 亵渎神 的词语[诅咒/言语]. blasphemously adv. blasphemy[5blAsfEmi; 5blAsfimi] n (a) [U] blasphemous behaviour or language 亵渎神 的行为或言语: * the sin of blasphemy 亵渎神 的罪恶. (b) [C] instance of this 亵渎神 : * the blasphemies of the heretic 异教徒对神 的亵渎.

blast
1[bla:st; - blAst; blAst] n 1 [C, U] explosion; destructive wave of air from an explosion 爆炸; （由爆炸所引起具有破坏力的）气浪; 冲击波: * a bomb blast 炸弹的爆炸 * Several passers-by were killed by (the) blast. 数名路人被炸死. 2 [C] sudden strong gust of air 一阵强烈的气流: * the wind's icy blasts 阵阵冰冷的风 * a blast ofhot air from the furnace 来自高炉的一股炽热气浪. 3 [C]loud sound made by a brass instrument, car horn, etc （铜管乐器或汽车喇叭等所发出的）响亮声音: * blow a blast on a bugle, trumpet, whistle, etc 军号、 喇叭、 哨子等吹出的声音. 4 [C] stream of hot air used to intensify the heat in a furnace 鼓风热气流（用以提高熔炉温度）. 5 (idm 习语) full blast => full. 复合： `blast-furnace n furnace for melting iron ore using blasts of hot air forced into it 鼓风炉; 高炉.

blatant
[5bleitnt; 5bletnt] adj very obvious; unashamed; flagrant 非常明显的; 厚颜无耻的; 明目张胆的: * a blatant lie 无耻的谎言 * blatant disobedience, disrespect, insolence, etc 明目张胆的抗拒、 怠慢、 侮慢等. 派生： blatancy[5bleitnsi; 5bletnsi] n [U] blatant quality 明显; 厚颜无耻; 明目张胆: * the sheer blatancy of the crime 罪恶昭彰. blatantly adv.

blather
[5blATE(r); 5blATl] (also blether[5bleTE(r);'bleTl] ) v [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (on) (about sb/sth) (esp Scot 尤用於苏格兰) talk foolishly 胡说; 瞎扯. 派生： blather (also blether) n [U] foolish talk 胡话; 蠢话.

blaze
1[bleiz; blez] n 1 [C] (a) bright flame or fire 火焰; 火光: * Dry wood makes a good blaze. 乾木燃起夺目的火焰. (b) very large (often dangerous) fire 大火; 火灾: * Five people died in the blaze. 有五人死於火灾. 2 [sing] ~ of sth (a) very bright display (of light, colour, etc); brightness, brilliance （光、 颜色等的）呈现; 明亮; 光辉: * The garden is a blaze of colour, ie full of colourful flowers. 花园里万紫千红. * The high street is a blaze of lights in the evening. 晚上大街上灯火辉煌. (b) (fig 比喻) striking display or show 引人注目的展现或显示: * a blaze of glory/publicity 荣耀[声名显赫]. (c) (fig 比喻) sudden outburst (of a violent feeling) （强烈感情的）骤然迸发: * a blaze of anger/passion/temper 勃然大怒[大动感情/大发雷霆].

blazer
[5bleizE(r); 5blezl] n jacket, without matching trousers, often showing the colours or badge of a club, school, team, etc （不与裤子配套的）西装上衣（常以其颜色或徽章作某俱乐部、 学校、 队组等的标记）.

blazon
[5bleizn; 5blezn] n heraldic shield; coat of arms 纹章; 盾徽. 派生： blazon v [Tn] >>1 = emblazon. 2 = blaze4.

bldg
abbr 缩写 = building: engineering bldg, eg on a university campus 工程学大楼（如大学校园内的）.

bleach
[bli:tF; blitF] v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become white or pale (by chemical action or sunlight) （使某物）变白; 漂白: * bones of animals bleaching in the desert 沙漠里变白的兽骨 * bleach cotton, linen, etc 漂白棉花、 亚麻等 * hair bleached by the sun 由於日晒而发白的毛发. 派生： bleach n [U, C] substance or process that bleaches or sterilizes 漂白或消毒; 漂白剂: soak shirts in bleach to remove the stains 在漂白剂中浸泡衬衣以清除污垢. 复合： `bleaching-powder n substance used to remove colour from dyed materials, eg chloride of lime 漂白粉.

bleachers
[5bli:tFEz; 5blitFlz] n [pl] (US) cheap seats at a sports ground that are not roofed over （运动场内票价低廉的）露天座位.

bleak
[bli:k; blik] adj (-er, -est) 1 (a) (of a landscape) bare; exposed; wind-swept （指景物）荒凉的, 裸露的, 光秃秃的: * bleak hills, mountains, moors, etc 荒凉的丘陵、 群山、 旷野等. (b) (of the weather) cold and dreary （指天气）寒冷的, 阴沉的: * a bleak winter day 冬天的一个阴冷日子. 2 (fig 比喻) not hopeful or encouraging; dismal; gloomy 无望的; 阴郁的; 黯淡的: * a bleak outlook/prospect 黯淡的前景[前途] * The future looks bleak. 前途黯淡. > bleakly adv. bleakness n [U].

bleary
[5bliEri; 5bliri] adj (of eyes) blurred, esp because of tiredness; seeing dimly （指视力）模糊的（尤因疲倦所致）; 蒙蒙胧胧的. 派生： blearily adv with bleary eyes 视力模糊地: look blearily at sb 蒙蒙胧胧地看某人. 复合： ,bleary-`eyed adj having bleary eyes 眼睛迷离的: He's always bleary-eyed early in the morning. 早上他总是睡眼惺忪.

bleat
[bli:t; blit] n cry of a sheep, goat or calf; any noise like this 羊或牛犊的叫声; 类似羊或牛犊叫的声音. 派生： bleat v 1 [I] make a bleat 作羊或牛犊叫声. 2 [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (out) (fig 比喻) say (sth) or speak feebly or plaintively 以微弱或哀伤的声音说（某事物）: What are you bleating about? 你喃喃地说些甚麽? * He bleated out a feeble excuse. 他以微弱的声音作无力的辩解.

bleed
[bli:d; blid] v (pt, pp bled/bled; bled] ) 1 (a) [I] lose or emit blood 流血: * bleed to death 流血而死. (b) [I, Ipr] ~ (for sth) (fig 比喻) suffer wounds or die (for a cause, one's country) （为事业、 祖国）负伤或牺性: * those who bled for the revolution 为革命而献身的人们. 2 [Tn] draw blood from (sb) 给（某人）放血: * Doctors used to bleed people when they were ill. 从前医生常常给病人放血. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth) (infml 口) extort (money) from sb 向某人勒索（钱财）: * The blackmailers bled him for every penny he had. 勒索者把他的钱榨得一乾二净. 4 [I] (of a plant, tree, etc) lose sap or juice （指花草、 树木等）流浆, 流出汁液. 5 (idm 习语) bleed sb white take away all sb's money 榨取某人所有的钱. one's heart bleeds for sb => heart.

bleeder
[5bli:dE(r); 5blidl] n (Brit sl usu derog 俚, 通常作贬义) person 人; 家伙: * You stupid bleeder! 你这个蠢才!

bleeding
[5bli:diN; 5blidiN] adj [attrib 作定语] (Brit sl 俚) = bloody2.

bleep
[bli:p; blip] n short high-pitched sound made by an electronic device to attract attention （为引人注意使电子装置发出的）短促高音: * The computer gave a regular bleep. 计算机发出有一定节律的哔哔声. 派生： bleep v 1 [I] emit bleeps 发哔哔声. 2 [Tn] call (esp a doctor) with a bleeper 用传呼机找人（尤指找医生）: Please bleep the doctor on duty immediately. 请立刻用传呼机召值班医生. bleeper n device that emits bleeps 发出哔哔声的装置; 传呼机.

blemish
[5blemiF; 5blemiF] n 1 mark or stain that spoils the beauty or perfection of sb/sth （有损於人或事物的美观或完美的）污点或痕迹; 瑕疵: * a blemish on a pear, carpet, table-cloth 梨上的烂斑、 地毯上的污垢、 桌布上的污点 * She has a blemish above her right eye. 她右眼上方有一个疤. 2 (fig 比喻) defect, fault or flaw 缺点; 过错; 毛病: * His character/reputation is without (a) blemish. 他在品德[名誉]上毫无瑕疵. 派生： blemish v [Tn] spoil the beauty or perfection of (sb/sth); flaw; mar 有损於（某人[某事物]）美观或完美; 玷污; 损伤: a blemished peach 有烂斑的桃子 * The pianist's performance was blemished by several wrong notes. 钢琴家的演奏由於弹错了几个音符而使人感到美中不足.

blench
[blentF; blentF] v [I] make a sudden movement because of fear; flinch 因恐惧而突然一动; 畏缩.

blend
[blend; blend] v 1 [Tn] mix (different types of sth) in order to get a certain quality 混合; 搀和: * blended whisky/tea/coffee/tobacco 混合的威士忌[茶叶/咖啡/烟草]. 2 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (with sth)[~ (together) form a mixture; mix 成为混合物; 混合: * Oil does not blend with water. 油不溶於水. * Oil and water do not blend. 油与水不能混合. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ A with B/~ A and B (together) mix one thing with another; mix things together 将此物与彼物混合; 把东西搀杂在一起: * Blend the eggs with the milk. 把蛋搀到奶里. * Blend the eggs and milk (together). 把蛋和奶搀到一起. 3 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (with sth)[~ (together) combine with sth in a harmonious way; look or sound good together 调和; 协调; 融合: * Those cottages blend perfectly with the landscape. 那些农舍与周围的风景完全融为一体了. * Their voices blend (together) well. 他们的声音很和谐. (b) [I, Ipr] ~ (into sth) (esp of colours) shade gradually into each other （尤指颜色）逐渐融合在一起: * The sea and the sky seemed to blend into each another. 大海和蓝天似乎连成了一片. 4 (phr v) blend in (with sth) mix harmoniously (with sth) （与某物）十分协调:The new office block doesn't blend in with its surroundings.新的办公大楼与周围的环境很不协调. blend sth in (in cooking) add another ingredient to sth and mix the two （烹饪时）在某物中加入其他成分使之混合: * Melt the butter and then blend in the flour. 先把黄油融化, 然後加入面粉. 派生： blend n 1 mixture of different sorts 不同种类的混合物: Which blend of coffee would you like? 你要哪一种混合咖啡? * (fig 比喻) His manner is a blend of charm and politeness. 他的举止既充满魅力, 又彬彬有礼. 2 = portmanteau word (portmanteau). blender n = liquidizer (liquidize).

bless
[bles; bles] v (pt, pp blessed/blest; blest] ; in sense 5, pp blest/blest; blest] ) [Tn] 1 ask God's favour and protection for (sb/sth) 求神赐福於（某人[某事物]）; 求神保佑: * They brought the children to Jesus and he blessed them. 他们把孩子们领到耶稣跟前, 耶稣就赐福予他们. * The Pope blessed the crowd. 教皇向人群祝福. * The priest blessed the harvest. 牧师祈求丰收. 2 (esp in Christian ritual) make (sth) sacred or holy; consecrate （尤用於基督教仪式中）使（某事物）神圣; 奉献: * The priest blessed the bread and wine, ie before the celebration of the Eucharist. 牧师先将饼和酒圣洁化, 然後开始圣餐仪式. 3 (esp in Christian Church services) call (God) holy; praise; glorify （尤用於基督教教会礼拜仪式中）颂扬（上帝）; 赞美: * `We bless Thy Holy Name.’ ‘我们颂赞您的圣名.’ 4 (esp imperative in prayers 尤用於祷文中的祈使句) (fml 文) grant health, happiness and success to (sb/sth) 赐与（某人[某事物]）健康、 幸福及成功: * Bless (ie We ask God to bless) all those who are hungry, lonely or sick. 求神赐福於那些饥饿、 孤独或患病的人. 5 (pp blest) (dated infml 旧, 口) (esp in exclamations expressing surprise 尤用於感叹句, 表示惊奇): * Bless me! 哎呀! * Bless my soul! 哎呀! * Well, I'm blest! 哎呀! * I'm blest if I know! ie I don't know at all. 我要是知道就好了（我一点也不知道）. 6 (idm 习语) be blessed with sth/sb be fortunate in having sth/sb 在某事物[某人]方面有福: * He is blessed with excellent health. 他身体好极了, 真有福. * (joc or ironic 谑或反语) Mrs Murphy is blessed with twelve children. 墨菲夫人有十二个孩子, 真有福气. `bless you (used as an interj to express thanks or affection, or said to sb who has sneezed 用作感叹词, 表示谢意或情意, 或当别人打喷嚏时说):

bless1
* You've bought me a present? Bless you! 你给我买来一个礼物是吗? 太感谢你了!

blessed
[5blesid; 5blesid] adj 1 holy; sacred 神圣的; 圣洁的: * the Blessed Virgin, ie the mother of Jesus, the Virgin Mary 圣母马利亚（耶稣之母）. 2 (in religious language) fortunate （宗教用语）有福的: * Blessed are the meek. 温顺的人有福了. 3 [attrib 作定语] giving pleasure; enjoyable 带来欢乐的; 令人愉快的: * a moment of blessed calm 充满欢乐的太平时刻. 4 (in the Roman Catholic Church) (of a person) beatified by the Pope （天主教）（指人）受教皇宣福礼的. 5 (euph infml 婉, 口) (used to express mild anger, surprise, etc 用以表示轻度气愤、 惊奇等) damned 该死的; 他妈的: * I can't see a blessed thing without my glasses. 我不带眼镜他妈的甚麽也看不清. 派生： the Blessed n [pl v] those who live with God in heaven 与上帝同在天堂中的圣徒们. blessedly adv: It's so blessedly quiet here. 这儿多麽静啊. blessedness[5blesidnis; blesidnis] n [U]. 复合： the ,Blessed `Sacrament = sacrament 2.

blessing
[5blesiN; 5blesiN] n 1 (usu sing 通常作单数) (a) God's favour and protection 神恩; 神的保佑: * ask for God's blessing 求神保佑. (b) prayer asking for this （求神保佑的）祈祷. (c) short prayer of thanks to God before or after a meal （餐前或餐後的）祷告: * say a blessing 祷告. 2 (usu sing 通常作单数) good wishes; approval 祝愿; 认可: * I cannot give my blessing to such a proposal. 我不能同意这样的提议. 3 thing that one is glad of; thing that brings happiness 令人高兴的事物; 带来幸福的事物: * What a blessing you weren't hurt in the accident! 你在这次事故中没有受伤, 真是幸运! 4 (idm 习语) a blessing in dis`guise thing that seems unfortunate, but is later seen to be fortunate 初看似乎不幸, 然而过後看来却是幸运的事; 祸中福: * Not getting into university may be a blessing in disguise; I don't think you'd have been happy there. 没能上大学焉知非福, 我想你在大学里是不会觉得快乐的. count one's blessings=> count1.

blether
= blather.

blew
pt of blow.

blight
[blait; blait] n 1 [U] (a) disease that withers plants 植物枯萎病. (b) [sing] fungus or insect causing this （引起植物枯萎病的）真菌或昆虫. 2 [C] ~ (on/upon sb/sth) (fig 比喻) destructive or harmful force 破坏或损害之力: * cast/put a blight on sb/sth 打击某人[某事物] * Unemployment is a blight on our community. 失业是我们社会的一大祸患. 3 [U] ugly or neglected part (esp of cities) 丑陋的或疏於治理的部分（尤指城市）: * the blight of inner-city slums 丑陋脏乱的旧城区的贫民区. 派生： blight v [Tn] 1 affect (sth) with blight; wither 使（某物）患枯萎病; 使枯萎: The apple trees were blighted by frost. 苹果树因严寒而枯萎. 2 spoil (sth); mar 损坏（某事物）; 损害: a career blighted by ill-health 因体弱多病所影响的事业.

blighter
[5blaitE(r); 5blaitl] n (dated Brit infml 旧, 口) 1 person; fellow 人; 家伙: * You lucky blighter! 你这幸运的家伙! 2 contemptible or annoying person 可鄙的或讨厌的人: * The blighter stole my purse! 坏蛋偷了我的钱包!

Blighty
[5blaiti; 5blaiti] n (dated Brit army sl 旧, 英军俚) (used by soldiers serving abroad 海外服役士兵用语) Britain; home 英国本土; 老家.

blimey
[5blaimi; 5blaimi] interj (Brit sl 俚) (expressing surprise or annoyance 表示惊奇或烦恼): * Blimey, that's a funny hat! 嘿, 这顶帽子真古怪!

blimp
[blimp; blimp] n small airship without a rigid frame （无刚性构架的）小型飞艇.

blind
1[blaind; blaind] adj 1 unable to see 瞎的: * a blind person 盲人 * be blind from birth, in one eye 生下来就有一只眼瞎了. 2 [attrib 作定语] of or for blind people 盲人的; 为盲人的: * a `blind school 盲人学校. 3 [pred 作表语] ~ (to sth) unable or unwilling to understand or notice sth; oblivious (to sth); unaware (of sth) （对某事物）视而不见, 不以为意, 一无所知: * I must have been blind not to realize the danger we were in. 我一定是瞎了眼, 连我们身临险境也看不出来. * He is completely blind to her faults. 他一点儿也觉察不到她的错误. 4 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (fig 比喻) (a) without reason or judgement 缺乏理性或判断力的: * blind hatred/obedience/prejudice 盲目的憎恨[顺从/偏见] * love/faith that is blind 盲目的爱情[信仰]. (b) not ruled by purpose; thoughtless; reckless 没有目的的; 轻率的; 不顾後果的: * the blind forces of nature/destiny 不可捉摸的自然[命运]之力 * be in a blind fury/panic/rage 无明火起[无谓惊慌/乱发脾气] * blind haste/speed 瞎忙[疯狂的速度]. 5 [usu attrib 通常作定语] concealed; hidden 隐蔽的; 暗藏的: * a blind driveway/entrance 隐蔽的车道[入口] * a blind bend/corner/turning, ie one that prevents the driver from seeing the road ahead （使司机看不见前面马路的转弯处）隐蔽的弯角[拐角/转弯处]. 6 (of an aircraft manoeuvre in cloud, fog, etc) done with the aid of instruments only, without being able to see （指飞机在云、 雾等中飞行时）（被障蔽了视线）仅靠仪器导航的: * blind flying 仪器导航飞行 * a blind landing 仪器导航降落. 7 (idm 习语) (as) blind as a `bat unable to see clearly or easily; unable to see what is obvious to others 看不清的; 不易看清的; 看不见的（别人却看得见的）: * He's as blind as a bat without his glasses. 他不戴眼镜时简直跟瞎子一样. turn a blind `eye (to sth) pretend not to notice 假装看不见:

blind1
* The manager turned a blind eye when his staff were late. 职员迟到时经理装作没看见. 派生： the blind n [pl v] 1 blind people 盲人: a school for the blind 盲人学校. 2 (idm 习语) the blind leadingthe `blind (saying 谚) people without adequate experienceor knowledge attempting to guide or advise others like them 瞎子给瞎子引路（自己无经验或学识, 却想指导他人者）. blind adv 1 without being able to see; with the aid of instruments only 看不见地; 仅凭仪器导向地: drive/fly blind 仪器导向驾驶[仪器导航飞行]. 2 (idm 习语) blind `drunk (infml 口) very drunk 酩酊大醉. swear blind => swear. blindly adv. blindness n [U]. 复合： ,blind `alley 1 alley that is closed at one end; cul-de-sac 仅有一端与外间相通的小巷; 死胡同. 2 (fig 比喻) course of action which may seem promising at first but which in the end has no satisfactory result 起初似乎大有希望, 而结果却不能令人满意的做法; 钻死胡同. ,blind `date (infml 口) arrangement to meet socially made between a man and a woman who have not met each other before 彼此未见过面的男女的约会. ,blind-,man's `buff game in which a player who is blindfolded tries to catch and identify the other players 捉迷藏. `blind spot 1 part of the retina in the eye that is not sensitive to light 盲点（视网膜上不能感光的部分）. 2 area that a motorist cannot see 车辆驾驶者看不见的区域: I didn't see the car that was overtaking me it was in my blind spot. 我没有看见超越我的那辆汽车--当时正位於我的盲点上. 3 subject about which a person is prejudiced or ignorant 某人不喜欢的或一窍不通的科目: History is one of his blind spots. 历史是他一窍不通的科目.

blinder
[5blaindE(r); 5blaindl] n (Brit sl 俚) 1 time of excessive drinking 狂饮时刻: * be/go on a blinder 出席[赴]狂饮宴会. 2 outstanding performance (in a game) （比赛中的）精彩表演: * play a blinder (of a shot, game, etc) （射击、 比赛等）做精彩表演 * The last goal was a blinder. 最後那次进球得分真是精彩极了.

blindfold
[5blaindfEuld; blaind7fold] v [Tn] cover the eyes of (sb) with a bandage, cloth, etc so that he cannot see （用布条等）蒙住（某人）双眼: * blindfold a hostage, prisoner, etc 蒙住人质、 囚犯等的双眼. 派生： blindfold n such a cover for the eyes （作上述用途的）蒙眼物. blindfold adj, adv with the eyes blindfolded 蒙住眼睛（的）: I could do that blindfold, ie easily, regardless of obstacles. 我蒙着眼也能做（不费吹灰之力, 无视任何障碍）.

blink
[bliNk; bliNk] v 1 [I, Tn] shut and open the eyes quickly 眨眼: * He blinked in the bright sunlight. 他在灿烂的阳光照射下眨着眼睛. * How long can you stare without blinking (your eyes)? 你能瞪着看多长时间不眨眼? 2 [I] (of distant lights) shine unsteadily; flicker （指远处灯光）闪烁: * Harbour lights were blinking on the horizon. 海港的灯火在水平线上闪烁着. 3 (idm 习语) blink the fact (that...) refuse to consider; ignore 不考虑; 不顾及: * You can't blink the fact that the country's economy is suffering. 不能不考虑国家经济正遇到困难这一事实. 4 (phr v) blink sth away/back try to control or hide (esp tears) by blinking 尽力用眨眼来控制或遮掩（尤指眼泪）: * Although in pain, she bravely blinked back her tears. 她虽然很疼痛, 但还是硬把眼泪抑制住了. 派生： blink n 1 act of blinking 眨眼. 2 sudden quick gleam of light 闪光. 3 (idm 习语) on the blink (infml 口) (of a machine) not working properly; out of order （指机器）不灵, 出故障: The washing machine's on the blink again. 洗衣机又出毛病了.

blinkered
[5bliNkEd; bliNkld] adj 1 (of a horse) wearing blinkers （指马）带眼罩的. 2 (fig 比喻) unable to understand or recognize sth; narrow-minded 不能了解或不能认识某事物的; 心胸狭窄的: * a blinkered attitude 偏见.

blinkers
[5bliNkEz; bliNklz] (US blinders) n [pl] leather pieces fixed on a bridle to prevent a horse from seeing sideways 马眼罩. =>illus at harness 见harness之插图.

blinking
[5bliNkiN; 5bliNkiN] adj, adv (infml euph 口, 婉) = bloody2: * It's a blinking nuisance. 这真是讨厌极了.

blip
[blip; blip] n 1 spot of light on a radar screen （雷达屏幕上的）光点. 2 quick popping sound 短促而尖锐的声音.

bliss
[blis; blis] n [U] perfect happiness; great joy 洪福; 极乐: * a life of bliss 幸福的一生 * living in married/wedded bliss, ie very happily married 过着十分美满的婚姻生活 * What bliss! I don't have to go to work today. 太高兴了! --我今天不用去上班. 派生： blissful[-fl; -fEl] adj extremely happy; joyful 极幸福的; 极快乐的: * (ironic 反语) blissful ignorance, ie being unaware of sth unpleasant 幸而不知道（对令人不快的事情一无所知）. blissfully[-fEli; -fEli] adv.

blister
[5blistE(r); 5blistl] n 1 bubble-like swelling under the skin, filled with watery liquid (caused by rubbing, burning, etc) （因磨擦、 烧伤等而起的）水泡: * These tight shoes have given me blisters on my ankles. 这双鞋太紧, 把我的脚腕儿磨起了泡. 2 similar raised swelling on the surface of metal, painted wood, plants, etc （金属、 油漆过的木器、 植物等的表面的）气泡. 派生： blister v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) form blisters （使某物）起泡: My feet blister easily. 我的脚容易起泡. * The hot sun blistered the paint. 炎热的阳光晒得油漆起了泡. blistering[5blistEriN; 5blistEriN] adj 1 (of heat or speed) very great; extreme （指热度或速度）极高的, 极端的: * The runners set off at a blistering pace. 赛跑者以极高的速度起跑. 2 (of criticism) severe; sharp （指批评）严厉的, 尖锐的: * blistering sarcasm, scorn, etc 尖刻的讥讽、 嘲弄等. blisteringly adv. 复合： `blister pack package in which goods are sold, consisting of a transparent domed cover on a backing of cardboard, etc 罩板包装（以硬纸板为衬, 上有凸起透明罩的货物包装）.

blithe
[blaiT; blaiT] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] happy and carefree; casual 快乐无忧的; 漫不经心的: * a blithe lack of concern 漠不关心 * a blithe spirit, ie a happy person 快乐的人. 派生： blithely adv in a blithe manner 快活地; 无忧无虑地; 漫不经心地: He was blithely unaware of the trouble he had caused. 他对他所造成的麻烦毫无所知, 无忧无虑.

blithering
[5bliTEriN; 5bliTEriN] adj [attrib 作定语] (infml 口) absolute; contemptible 绝对的; 可鄙的: * You blithering idiot! 你这个地地道道的傻瓜!

blitz
[blits; blits] n 1 [C] sudden intensive military attack, esp from the air 闪击; （尤指）空袭: * carry out a blitz on enemy targets 对敌方目标进行闪电式空袭 * [attrib 作定语] blitz bombing 闪击轰炸. 2 the Blitz [sing] intensive German air raids on Britain in 1940 1940年德国对英国的猛烈空袭. 3 [C] ~ (on sth) (fig infml 比喻, 口) any sudden or concentrated effort （突击性的或集中性的）工作: * I had a blitz on the kitchen today, and now it's really clean. 我今天在厨房里做了一阵扫除, 现在确实乾净了. 派生： blitz v [Tn] attack or damage (sth) in a blitz （以闪电式空袭）攻击或破坏（某物）: Many towns were badly blitzed during the war. 战争中许多城镇毁於空袭.

blizzard
[5blizEd; 5blizld] n severe snowstorm 暴风雪.

bloated
[5blEutid; 5blotid] adj swollen with fat, gas or liquid （因含脂肪、 气体或液体）肿胀的: * a bloated face 臃肿的脸 * I've had so much to eat I feel absolutely bloated. 我吃得过多, 肚子胀得不得了. * (fig 比喻) bloated with pride 骄傲自大的.

bloater
[5blEutE(r); 5blotl] n salted smoked herring 腌熏的鲱鱼.

blob
[blCb; blab] n drop of (esp thick) liquid; small round mass or spot of colour 液体（尤指浓液）的一滴; 颜料的小圆块或小圆点: * a blob of paint, wax, cream 一滴油漆、 蜡油、 奶油.

bloc
[blCk; blak] n group of countries or parties unitedby a common interest （国家或政党的）集团: * the Eastern/Western bloc 东欧[西方]集团.

block
buster

block1
* (fig 比喻) The government's stubborn attitude was a block to further talks. 政府的僵硬态度是进一步会谈的障碍. 9 (idm 习语) a chip off the old block => chip1. have a block (about sth) fail to understand, feel, etc because of emotional tension 因情绪紧张而不能了解、 感知等: * He has a mental block about maths. 他一遇到数学问题就糊涂. knock sb's block/head off => knock2. 复合： ,block and `tackle lifting device consisting of ropes and pulleys 滑轮组（有缆绳和滑轮的起重装置）. ,block `diagram diagram showing the general arrangementof parts of a system 方框图; 框图. ,block `letter (also ,block `capital) separate capital letter 正楷大写字母: fill in a form in block letters 用正楷大写字母填表. ,block `vote (also `card vote) voting system in which each voter has influence in proportion to the number of people he represents 集团投票（按投票者所代表的人数决定表决权大小的表决制度）.

blockade
[blC'keid; bla'ked] n 1 surrounding or closing of a place (esp a port) by warships or soldiers to prevent people or goods getting in or out 封锁（以战舰或士兵包围或封闭某地, 尤指港口, 使人或货物不能进出）. 2 (idm 习语) break/run a blockade (esp of a ship) get through a blockade （尤指船只）越过封锁线; 突破封锁. lift/raise a blockade end a blockade 解除封锁. 派生： blockade v [Tn] close (a town, port, etc) with a blockade 封锁（城市、 港口等）: a harbour blockaded by enemy ships 海港被敌方舰艇封锁.

blockhead
[5blCkhed; 5blak7hed] n (infml 口) stupid person 笨蛋; 傻瓜.

blockhouse
[5blCkhaus; 5blak7haus] n 1 concrete structure strengthened to give shelter from gun-fire, and with openings for defenders to shoot from 碉堡. 2 (US) (formerly) wooden fort with openings in the walls for defenders to shoot from （旧时）木堡（防守者可通过其墙孔向外射击）.

bloke
[blEuk; blok] n (Brit infml 口) man 人; 家伙.

blond
(also esp of a woman blonde 亦作blonde, 尤指 女子)[blCnd; bland] n, adj (person) having golden or pale-coloured hair 有金黄色或浅色头发的（人）: * Who was that blonde I saw you with last night? 昨晚我看见和你一道的那个金发女郎是谁? Cf 参看 brunette.

blood
1[blQd; blQd] n 1 [U] red liquid flowing through the bodies of humans and animals 血: * give blood, eg so that it can be used in a blood transfusion 供血 * He lost a lot of blood in the accident. 他在事故中流了不少血. * Much blood was shed (ie Many people were killed) in the war. 战争中死了许多人. 2 [U] (fml 文) family; descent; race 血统; 家世; 种族: * of noble Scottish blood 出身於苏格兰名门的 * They are of the same blood. 他们是同宗. 3 [C] (dated 旧 Brit) rich and fashionable young man; dandy 纨 子弟; 花花公子. 4 (idm 习语) bad blood (between A and B) feelings of mutual hatred or strong dislike 仇恨; 恶感: * There's a lot of bad blood between those two families. 这两家人积怨很深. be after/out for sb's `blood (infml 口) intend to hurt or humiliate sb, esp as a punishment or as revenge 企图伤害或凌辱某人（尤指作为惩罚或报复者）: * (joc 谑) I was late for work again this morning my boss is after my blood. 今早我上班又迟到了--老板要找我麻烦了. be/run in one's/the `blood be part of one's nature or character because one has inherited it or become used to it （因遗传或环境影响）具有某种禀性或特徵: * Most of my family are musicians; it runs in the blood. 我家里的人大都擅长音乐, 是世传. blood and `thunder (infml 口) (in films, novels, etc) violent and melodramatic action （电影、 小说等）暴力和刺激性的情节: * [attrib 作定语] a blood-and-thunder story 充满暴力和刺激性内容的小说. blood is thicker than `water (saying 谚) family relationships are the strongest ones 血浓於水（亲属关系最强有力）. sb's `blood is up sb is in a fighting mood 某人准备战斗: * After being insulted like that, my blood is really up! 受到这样的侮辱, 我不禁怒火中烧! (like getting/trying to get) blood out of/from a `stone (of money, sympathy, understanding, etc) almost impossible to obtain from sb （指金钱、 同情、 谅解等）几乎不可能从某人处得到的:

blood1
* Getting a pay rise in this firm is like getting blood from a stone. 在这家商行里想增加工资简直是缘木求鱼. (have sb's) `blood on one's hands (carry) responsibility for the death of a person or people 对他人的死亡负有责任: * a dictator with much blood on his hands 血债累累的独裁者. draw blood => draw2. flesh and blood => flesh. one's flesh and blood => flesh. freeze one's blood; make one's blood freeze => freeze. in cold blood => cold1. make sb's `blood boil make sb very angry 使某人非常生气: * The way he treats his children makes my blood boil. 他那样对待他的孩子, 我非常气愤. make sb's blood run cold fill sb with fear and horror 使人感到惧怕和恐布: * The sight of the dead body made his blood run cold. 他看见 体不禁毛骨悚然. new/fresh `blood (in a group, firm, club, etc) new members, esp young ones, with new ideas, skills or methods （团体、 公司、 俱乐部等的）新人; （尤指有新的思想、 技能或工作方法的）年轻人: * This company is badly in need of new blood. 这个公司亟需新人. of the blood (`royal) related to the royal family 皇族的; 皇家的: * a prince of the blood (royal) 有皇族血统的王子. spill blood => spill1. stir the/one's blood => stir. sweat blood => sweat. 复合： `blood bank place where blood is stored for use in hospitals, etc 血库（储存血液以供医院等使用的处所）. `blood-bath n indiscriminate killing of many people; massacre 大屠杀; 杀戮: The battle was a blood-bath. 这次战役血流成河. `blood-brother n man who has sworn to treat another man as his brother, usu in a ceremony in which their blood is mixed together 盟兄弟, 把兄弟（通常指歃血为盟的）. `blood count (counting of the) number of red and white corpuscles in a sample of blood 血球（计数）. `blood-curdling adj filling one with horror; terrifying 使人恐惧的; 毛骨悚然的: a blood-curdling cry, scream, story 令人毛骨悚然的叫喊声、 尖叫声、 故事.

blood2
`blood-donor n person who gives his blood for transfusions 供血者; 献血者; 捐血者. `blood feud continuous quarrel between groups or families, with each murdering members of the other; vendetta 血仇（团体或家族之间互相残杀的持久争斗）. `blood group (also `blood type) any of the several distinct classes of human blood 血型: His blood group is AO. 他的血是AO型. `blood-heat n [U] normal temperature of human blood (about 37C, 98.4F) 人体血液的正常温度（约为37 C、 98.4 F）. `blood-letting n [U] 1 surgical removal of some of a patient's blood 给病人放血的外科手术. 2 (infml 口) (a) bloodshed 流血. (b) (fig 比喻) bitter quarrelling 吵架: This blood-letting is damaging the reputation of the party. 这场争吵有损於党的名声. `blood-lust n [U] strong desire to kill 嗜杀. `blood-money n [U] 1 money paid to a hired killer （付与受雇杀手的）酬金. 2 money paid to the family of a murdered person as compensation （付与被谋杀者家庭的）抚恤金. `blood orange type of orange with red streaks in its pulp 血橙（一种果肉带有红色条纹的橙子）. `blood-poisoning (also toxaemia) n [U] infection of the blood with harmful bacteria, esp through a cut or wound 毒血症. `blood pressure pressure of the blood on the walls of the arteries (varying with a person's age or health) 血压: have high/low blood pressure 血压高[低] * (fig 比喻) Politicians always raise his blood pressure, ie make him extremely angry. 政治家的言行常常把他气得怒发冲冠. ,blood-`red adj having the colour of blood; bright red 血红色的; 鲜红的: Her finger-nails were blood-red. 她指甲鲜红. * ,blood-red `nails 鲜红的指甲. `blood-relation n person related to sb by birth 骨肉; 血亲. `bloodshed n [U] killing or wounding of people （人的）伤亡: The two sides called a truce to avoid further bloodshed. 双方宣布停战以避免再有伤亡.

blood3
`bloodshot adj (of eyes) red because of swollen or broken blood-vessels （指眼睛）（因肿胀或布满血丝）通红的, 充血的: His eyes were bloodshot from lack of sleep. 他因缺少睡眠而两眼通红. `blood sports sports (eg fox-hunting) in which animals or birds are killed 猎杀鸟兽的活动（如猎狐）. `blood-stained adj 1 stained with blood 有血污的: a blood-stained shirt 沾有血迹的衬衫. 2 (fig 比喻) characterized or disgraced by bloodshed 血腥的: a blood-stained reputation, regime, tyrant 血腥的名声、 政权、 暴君. `bloodstock n [U] thoroughbred horses 纯种马. `bloodstream n [sing] blood flowing through the body 在体内循环的血液: inject drugs into the bloodstream 把药物注射到血液里. `bloodsucker n 1 animal that sucks blood, esp a leech 吸血动物; （尤指）水蛭. 2 (fig infml 比喻, 口) person who tries to take as much money as possible from others 吸血鬼（榨取他人钱财之徒）. `blood test examination of a sample of blood, esp for medical diagnosis 验血（尤指用於医疗诊断的）. `blood transfusion injection of blood into a blood-vessel of a person or an animal 输血. `blood-vessel n any of the tubes (arteries, veins or capillaries) through which blood flows in the body 血管: burst a blood-vessel 血管破裂.

bloodhound
[5blQdhaund; 5blQd7haund] n type of large dog with a good sense of smell, used for tracking （一种嗅觉灵敏、 作追踪用的）大猎犬.

bloodless
[5blQdlis; 5blQdlis] adj 1 without blood or killing 不流血的; 无伤亡的: * a bloodless coup/revolution/victory 不流血的政变[革命/胜利]. 2 pale; anaemic 苍白的; 无血色的: * He has bloodless cheeks. 他面颊苍白. 3 (fig 比喻) (a) (of a person) lacking energy or enthusiasm; dull; lifeless （指人）无精打彩的, 无生气的, 无活力的. (b) lacking emotion; unfeeling 缺少情感的; 无感情的.

bloodthirsty
[5blQdWE:sti; 5blQd7WEsti] adj 1 (a) cruel and eager to kill; murderous 嗜杀的; 凶杀的: * a bloodthirsty killer, tribe, warrior 杀人不眨眼的凶手、 嗜杀的部族、 喋血的勇士. (b) taking pleasure or showing interest in killing and violence 对残杀和暴力感兴趣或以之取乐的: * bloodthirsty spectators 爱看暴力表演的观众. 2 (of a book, film, etc) describing or showing killing and violence （指书、 影片等）描写或表现凶杀和暴力的. > bloodthirstily adv. bloodthirstiness n [U].

bloody
1[5blQdi; 5blQdi] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 covered with blood; bleeding 血染的; 出血的: * His clothes were torn and bloody. 他的衣服撕破了并染有血迹. * give sb a bloody nose, ie hit sb's nose so that it bleeds 把某人打得鼻孔流血. 2 involving much bloodshed 大量流血的; 伤亡惨重的: * a bloody battle 一场血战. 3 cruel; bloodthirsty 残忍的; 嗜血成性的: * a bloody deed, murder, tyrant 残忍的行为、 血腥的谋杀、 嗜杀成性的暴君. 派生： bloodily adv. bloody v (pt, pp bloodied) [Tn] stain (sb/sth) with blood 使（某人[某事物]）沾上血迹.

bloom
[blu:m; blum] n 1 [C] flower, esp of plants admired chiefly for their flowers (eg roses, tulips, chrysanthemums) 花（尤指主要供观赏的, 如玫瑰、 郁金香、 菊花）: * These roses have beautiful blooms. 这些玫瑰花开得真美. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page ii. Cf 参看 blossom. 2 [U] (fig 比喻) freshness; perfection 新鲜; 完美: * be in/have lost the bloom of youth 正值[失去]青春. 3 [U] covering of fine powder that forms on ripe plums, grapes, etc 粉衣, 粉霜（成熟的李子、 葡萄等表面所生的一层霜粉）. 4 (idm 习语) in (full) bloom (of plants, gardens, etc) flowering （指植物、 园圃等）开花: * The garden looks lovely when the roses are in bloom. 玫瑰花开时园内美丽诱人. * (fig 比喻) Her genius was in full bloom, ie at its best or highest point. 她才华横溢（处於最佳状态或颠峰时期）. take the bloom off sth cause sth to lose its freshness or perfection 使某事物失去新鲜感或失去光彩: * Their frequent rows took the bloom off their marriage. 他们经常吵架, 使得美满婚姻恶化. 派生： bloom v 1 [I] (a) produce flowers; flower; blossom 开花: Daffodils and crocuses bloom in the spring. 水仙花和番红花在春天开放. (b) (fig 比喻) flourish; prosper 茂盛; 繁荣: Our friendship is blooming. 我们之间情长谊深. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) (a) (of a garden, etc) be full of plants or flowers in bloom （指花园等）长满茂盛的花木: The garden is blooming with spring flowers. 园内春花盛开. (b) (fig 比喻) be in a healthy or flourishing condition (because of sth) （由於某种原因）处於健康或隆盛状态: They were blooming with health and happiness. 他们既健康又快乐.

bloomer
[5blu:mE(r); 5bluml] n (Brit infml 口) serious mistake; blunder （严重的）错误; 大错: * He made a tremendous bloomer. 他犯了个大错.

blooming
[5blumiN; 5blumiN] adj [attrib 作定语], adv (Brit infml euph 口, 婉) = bloody2.

blooper
[5blu:pE(r); 5blupl] n (infml 口 esp US) embarrassing public blunder or mistake （在大庭广众之中犯的很难堪的）错误; 洋相.

blossom
[5blCsEm; 5blasEm] n 1 [C] flower, esp of a fruit tree or flowering shrub 花（尤指果树或灌木的花）. Cf 参看 bloom. 2 [U] mass of flowers on a tree or shrub （树木上的）花丛, 花簇: * apple, cherry, etc blossom 苹果花、 樱桃花等的花簇. 3 (idm 习语) in (full) blossom (esp of trees and shrubs) bearing blossom （尤指树木）正在开花: * The apple trees are in blossom. 苹果树正在开花. 派生： blossom v 1 [I] (of a tree or shrub) produce blossom （指树木）开花: The cherry trees blossomed early this year. 樱桃树今年开花早. 2 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (out) (into sth) (fig 比喻) (a) develop in a healthy or promising way; grow or develop (into sth); flourish 健康地成长; 长成或发展成（某事物）; 兴盛: a blossoming friendship, partnership, etc 发展中的友谊、 合作等 * Mozart blossomed (as a composer) very early in life. 莫扎特早在童年时已初露头角（成为作曲家）. * She has blossomed (out) into a beautiful young woman. 她已亭亭玉立, 成了美丽的少女. (b) become more lively 变得活跃: He used to be painfully shy, but now he's started to blossom (out). 他以前极 腆, 现在活泼起来了.

blot
1[blCt; blat] n 1 spot or stain made by ink, etc （墨水等的）污点或污迹: * a page covered in (ink) blots 染有墨迹的一页. 2 ~ on sth (fig derog 比喻, 贬) act or quality that spoils sb's good character or reputation 有损某人良好品格或名声的行为或品质: * His involvement in the scandal was a blot on his reputation. 他因卷入丑闻, 在名誉上留下污点. 3 (idm 习语) a blot on sb's/the e`scutcheon (joc 谑) act, event, etc that disgraces a family or some other group 使家庭或其他集体丢脸的行为、 事件等. a blot on the `landscape object (esp an ugly building) that spoils the beauty of a place 损害美好景色的物体（尤指不雅观的建 物）: * That new factory is a blot on the landscape. 那新建的工厂破坏了此地的景色.

blotch
[blCtF; blatF] n large discoloured mark, usu irregular in shape (on skin, paper, material, etc) （皮肤、 纸张、 材料等上的）大斑点: * His face was covered in ugly red blotches. 他脸上有许多难看的红色大斑点. 派生： blotched, blotchy adjs covered in blotches 有大块大块斑点的: blotchy skin 有大块斑点的皮肤.

blotto
[5blCtEu; 5blato] adj [pred 作表语] (infml 口) very drunk 酩酊大醉: * You were completely blotto last night. 昨晚你烂醉如泥.

blouse
[blauz; - blaus; blaus] n 1 garment like a shirt, worn by women 女衬衫: * She was wearing a skirt and blouse. 她穿着裙子和衬衫. 2 type of jacket worn by soldiers as part of their uniform 军服上衣.

blow
1[blEu; blo] v (pt blew/blu:; blu] , pp blown/blEUn; blon/ or, in sense 12 用於下述第12义时作 blowed/blEud; blod] ) 1 [I, Ipr] (often with it as the subject 常与作主语的it连用) (of the wind or a current of air) be moving （指风或气流）吹, 刮, 流动: * It was blowing hard/blowing a gale, ie There was a strong wind. 刮大风[狂风]了. * A cold wind blew across the river. 河面刮过一股冷风. 2 [I, Ipr, Tn.pr, Tn.p] send out (a current of air, etc) from the mouth 吹, 呼, 吐（气等）: * You're not blowing hard enough! 你吹得劲儿不够. * blow on one's food, ie to cool it 向食物吹气（使之变凉） * blow on one's fingers, ie to warm them 向手指呵气（使之暖和） * The policeman asked me to blow into a plastic bag, ie in order to breathalyse me. 警察要我吹一下塑料袋（以测定我呼吸中的酒精含量）. * He drew on his cigarette and blew out a stream of smoke. 他吸了一口香烟, 吐出来一股烟雾. =>illus 见插图. 3 [I, Ip] be moved by the wind 被风吹动: * hair blowing (about) in the wind 被风吹拂（吹散）的头发. 4 [Tn] make or shape (sth) by blowing 吹成, 吹出（某物）: * blow smoke rings 吹烟圈 * blow bubbles, eg by blowing onto a film of soapy water 吹泡泡（如用肥皂水吹泡） * blow glass, ie send a current of air into molten glass 吹玻璃（将气流吹入熔融的玻璃中使之成形）. 5 [Tn] use (sth) to make a current of air 使用（某物）以产生气流: * blow bellows 拉风箱. 6 (a) [Ipr, Tn] produce sound from (a brass instrument, whistle, etc) by blowing into it 吹（铜管乐器、 笛哨等）: * blow (on) a horn 吹号 * The referee blew his whistle. 裁判鸣笛. (b) [I] (of an instrument, etc) sound in this way （指乐器等）吹奏出声: * the noise of trumpets blowing 吹喇叭产生的噪音. 7 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) melt with too strong an electric current （使某物）因电流过强而熔化:

blow1
* A fuse has blown. 保险丝烧断了. * I've blown a fuse. 我把保险丝烧断了. 8 [Tn] break (sth) with explosives 炸坏（某物）: * The safe had been blown by the thieves. 保险箱被窃贼炸开了. 9 [Tn] (sl 俚) reveal (sth) 显露, 泄露（某事物）: * The spy's cover was blown. 间谍的伪装被揭穿了. 10 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (on sth) (infml 口) spend a lot of money (on sth) （在某事物上）花很多钱: * blow 50 on a meal 一顿饭就花了50英镑. 11 [Tn] spoil or fail to use (an opportunity) 错过（良机）: * He blew it/blew his chances by arriving late for the interview. 他面试迟到了, 错过了机会. 12 (pp blowed/blEud; blod] ) [Tn] (infml 口) (used esp in the imperative in expressions of anger, surprise, etc 尤用於表示气愤, 惊奇等的祈使句) damn (sb/sth) 该死的（某人[某事物]）: * Blow it! We've missed the bus. 糟糕! 我们没赶上公共汽车. * Well, blow me/I'm blowed! I never thought I'd see you again. 我的天哪! 我还以为再也见不着你了. * I'm blowed if I'm going to (ie I certainly will not) let him treat you like that. 我要是容许他这样对待你, 我就不是人（我决不允许）. 13 [Tn] (US sl 俚) leave (a place) suddenly 突然离开（某地）. 14 (idm 习语) blow the `gaff (sl 俚) reveal a secret 泄露秘密. blow hot and `cold (about sth) (infml 口) keep changing one's opinions (about sth); vacillate （对某事）无定见; 优柔寡断: * He blows hot and cold about getting married. 他对结婚犹豫不决. blow (sb) a `kiss kiss one's hand and then pretend to blow the kiss (towards sb) 送（某人）飞吻. blow one's/sb's `brains out kill oneself/sb by shooting in the head 枪击自己[某人]头部致死. blow one's/sb's `mind (sl 俚) produce a pleasant or shocking feeling in one/sb 使自己[某人]感到高兴或惊愕. blow one's `nose clear one's nose of mucus by breathing out strongly through it into a handkerchief 擤鼻涕. blow off/let off steam => steam. blow one's own `trumpet (infml 口) praise one's own abilities and achievements; boast 自吹自擂; 夸口. blow one's `top; US blow one's `stack (infml 口) lose one's temper 发脾气; 大发雷霆. blow the whistle on sb/sth (infml 口) make sb suddenly stop doing sth, esp sth illegal, eg by informing the authorities 使某人立即停止干某事（如向当局告发, 尤指停止其非法勾当）. puff and blow => puff2. see which way the wind is blowing => way1.

blow2
15 (phr v) blow (sb/sth) down, off, over, etc move or be moved in the specified direction by the force of the wind, sb's breath, etc （借助於风、 呼气等之力沿某方向）移动: * My hat blew off. 我的帽子被风刮掉了. * The door blew open. 门被风吹开了. * Several chimneys blew down during the storm. 有几个烟篛在暴风雨中刮倒了. * I was almost blown over by the wind. 我几乎被风刮倒. * The ship was blown onto the rocks. 船被风刮到礁石上了. * The bomb blast blew two passers-by across the street. 炸弹爆炸的强劲气流把两个行人刮到街的另一边去了. * He blew the dust off the book, ie removed the dust by blowing. 他吹掉书上的灰尘. blow in/blow into sth (infml 口) arrive or enter (a place) suddenly 突然来到或进入（某地）: Look who's just blown in! 瞧瞧谁来了! blow out (a) (of a flame, etc) be extinguished by the wind, etc （指火焰等）被风等熄灭: Somebody opened the door and the candle blew out. 有人打开了门, 蜡烛随之被吹灭了. (b) (of an oil or gas well) send out oil or gas suddenly in an uncontrolled manner （指油井或气井）井喷. blow itself out (of a storm, etc) lose its force; dwindle to nothing （指风暴等）减弱, 停止. blow sth out extinguish (a flame, etc) by blowing 吹灭（火焰等）. blow over pass away without having a serious effect 安然过去; 平息: The storm blew over in the night. 风暴在夜里停止了. * The scandal will soon blow over. 这一丑闻不久就会平息. blow3 /// (b) inflate sth with air or gas 给某物充气: This tyre's a bit flat; it needs blowing up. 这个轮胎气不太足, 需要打气. (c) make (esp a photograph) bigger; enlarge sth 放大某物（尤指照片）: What a lovely photo! Why don't you have it blown up? 多美的照片哪! 你怎麽不把它放大呢? (d) (infml 口) exaggerate or inflate sth 夸大某事物: His abilities as an actor have been greatly blown up by the popular press. 通俗的报刊过分夸张了他的演技. * The whole affair was blown up out of all proportion. 整件事夸大得走样了. 派生： blowy adj windy 多风的: a blowy day 刮风天. 复合： `blow-dry v (pt, pp -dried) [Tn] style (the hair) while drying it with a hand-held drier 用手持吹风机把（头发）吹乾并定型. n act of drying and styling the hair in this way 用上述方法将头发吹乾并定型的作业: ask the hairdresser for a wash and blow-dry 要求理发师洗头并吹乾定型. `blow-hole n 1 vent for air, smoke, etc in a tunnel （隧道的）通风口. 2 hole in the ice through which seals, etc breathe （海豹等用以呼吸的）冰窟窿. 3 whale's nostril situated at the back of its skull （鲸鱼的）鼻孔. ,blowing-`up n scolding 责骂: get a terrible blowing-up for sth 为某事挨了一顿大骂. `blowlamp (US torch, `blowtorch) n burner for directing a very hot flame onto part of a surface, eg to remove old paint 喷灯. `blow-out n 1 bursting of a tyre on a motor vehicle （机动车的）轮胎爆裂: have a blow-out on the motorway 在高速公路上发生轮胎爆裂事故. 2 melting of an electric fuse 保险丝烧断. 3 sudden uncontrolled escape of oil or gas from a well 井喷. 4 (sl 俚) large meal 盛餐. `blow-up n enlargement (of a photograph) （照片）放 大: Do a blow-up of this corner of the negative. 把底片的这一角放大.

blower
[5blEuE(r); 5blol] n 1 device that produces a current of air 吹风机; 鼓风机. 2 (Brit infml 口) telephone 电话: * You can always get me on the blower. 你随时打电话都能找到我.

blowfly
[5blEuflai; 5blo7flai] n fly that lays its eggs on meat; bluebottle 丽蝇.

blown
pp of blow1.

blowzy
[5blauzi; 5blauzi] adj (derog 贬) (of a woman or her appearance) untidy and coarse-looking （指女人或其外表）邋遢的, 不雅观的.

blubber
1[5blQbE(r); 5blQbl] n [U] fat of whales and other sea animals from which oil is obtained 鲸脂.

bludgeon
[5blQdVEn; 5blQdVEn] n short thick stick with a heavy end, used as a weapon 大头短棒（用作武器）. 派生： bludgeon v 1 [Tn] hit (sb) repeatedly with a bludgeon, or with any heavy object （用大头短棒或其他重物）连击（某人）: He had been bludgeoned to death. 他被大头短棒连击致死. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (into doing sth) (fig 比喻) force sb (to do sth) 强迫某人（做某事）: They tried to bludgeon me into telling them, but I refused. 他们尽力迫使我告诉他们, 但我拒绝了.

blue
1[blu:; blu] adj 1 having the colour of a clear sky or the sea on a sunny day 蓝色的; 天蓝色的; 蔚蓝的; 青色的: * blue eyes 蓝眼睛 * a blue dress, shirt, etc 蓝衣服、 衬衫等 * He was blue in the face, ie His face was a purplish colour because of cold or exertion. 他脸色发青（因寒冷或用力过度而稍泛紫色）. * Her hands were blue with cold. 她的双手都冻青了. =>illus at spectrum 见spectrum之插图. 2 [pred 作表语] (infml 口) sad; depressed 忧伤; 沮丧: * Don't look so blue smile! 别这样愁眉苦脸的--笑一笑吧! 3 indecent; pornographic 下流的; 色情的: * a blue film/movie/joke 黄色的影片[电影/笑话]. 4 (idm 习语) black and blue => black1. sb's ,blue-eyed `boy (infml esp Brit usu derog 口, 通常作贬义) favourite of a person or group; darling; pet 亲信; 宠儿; 宝贝儿; 宠物: * He's the manager's blue-eyed boy. 他是经理的亲信. once in a blue moon => once. scream, etc blue `murder (infml 口) protest wildly and noisily 强烈抗议; 哗然反对: * The union yelled blue murder when one of its members was sacked. 有一会员遭解雇, 工会表示强烈抗议. (do sth) till one is blue in the `face (infml 口) (work, etc) as hard and as long as one possibly can (usu without success) （工作等）努力和持久到了极点（通常并不成功）: * He can write me letters till he's blue in the face, I'm not going to reply. 任他没完没了地给我写信, 我就是不回信. > blueness n [U]. 复合： ,blue `baby baby whose skin is blue at birth because of a heart defect （因心脏有缺陷, 出生时）皮肤发青的婴儿. ,blue `blood aristocratic descent or birth 贵族出身; 贵族身分. ,blue-`blooded adj: a ,blue-blooded `family 贵族世家. `blue book (Brit) parliamentary or Privy Council report 蓝皮书（英国国会或枢密院的报告书）. ,blue `cheese cheese showing lines of blue mould （有蓝色霉样条纹的）蓝乾酪. ,blue-`chip n, adj

blue1
(commerce 商) (industrial share) considered to be a safe investment 可靠的（工业股票）; 蓝筹（股）. ,blue-`collar adj [attrib 作定语] of or relating to manual workers 体力劳动者的; 蓝领阶级的: blue-`collar workers, jobs 蓝领工人、 工作 * a blue-`collar union 蓝领工人的工会. Cf 参看 white-collar (white1). ,blue `ensign (Brit) flag of government departments 政府部门的旗子. `bluejacket n seaman in the navy 水兵. ,blue-`pencil v [Tn] alter or remove (parts of a book, film, play, etc); edit; censor 修改或删除（书、 影片、 剧本等的部分内容）; 编辑; 出版审查. ,Blue `Peter blue flag with a central white square, used to show that a ship is about to sail 开航旗（蓝底、 中间有一白色正方形的信号旗）. ,blue `ribbon honour or prize awarded to the winner of a competition 蓝绶带（授予竞赛优胜者的荣誉或奖励）. `blue tit type of small bird with a blue head, tail and wings and yellow underparts 蓝山雀. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page iv. ,blue `whale type of whale with a dorsal fin, the largest known living animal 蓝鲸.

bluebell
[5blu:bel; 5blu7bel] n (a) (in S England) plant with blue or white bell-shaped flowers; wood hyacinth （英格兰南部的）风铃草（开蓝色或白色钟形花）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page ii. (b) (in Scotland and N England) harebell （苏格兰和英格兰北部的）圆叶风铃草.

blueberry
[5blu:bri; - -beri; 5blu7beri] n (a) small N American shrub 南方越橘（北美的小灌木）. (b) its edible dark blue berry 南方越橘（上述灌木的深蓝色果实, 可食）. Cf 参看 bilberry.

bluebottle
[5blu:bCtl; 5blu7batl] n large buzzing fly with a blue body 青蝇.

blueprint
[5blu:print; 5blu7print] n 1 photographic print of building plans, with white lines on a blue background 蓝图. 2 (fig 比喻) detailed plan or scheme （详细的）计划, 方案: * a blueprint for success 争取成功的详细方案 * [attrib 作定语] Plans have reached the blueprint stage. 计划即将制订出来.

bluestocking
[5blu:stCkiN; 5blu7stakiN] n (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) woman having, or pretending to have, literary tastes and learning 有（或装成有）文学修养和学识的女性.

bluff
1[blQf; blQf] v 1 [I, Tn] try to deceive (sb) by pretending to be stronger, braver, cleverer, etc than one is 虚张声势; 吓唬（某人）: * I don't believe he'd really do what he threatens he's only bluffing (us). 我不相信他真会按他威胁的话去做, 他不过吓唬（我们）罢了. 2 (phr v) bluff sb into doing sth make sb believe or do sth by deceiving him 骗某人相信某事; 骗某人做某事: * They were bluffed into believing we were not ready for the attack. 他们上了当, 以为我们还没有作好进攻准备. bluff it `out survive a difficult situation by deceiving others （借蒙骗别人）摆脱困境, 绝处逢生. bluff one's way out (of sth) escape from a difficult situation by deceiving others （借蒙骗别人）逃离困境. 派生： bluff n 1 [U, C] bluffing; threat intended to influence sb without being carried out 虚张声势; 吓唬: The company's threat to sack anyone who went on strike was just (a) bluff. 公司威胁说谁罢工就解雇谁, 那只不过是虚张声势罢了. 2 (idm 习语) call sb's bluff => call2.

bluish
[5blu:iF; 5bluiF] adj tending towards blue; fairly blue 接近蓝色的; 浅蓝的: * eyes of bluish green 绿中透蓝的眼睛.

blunder
[5blQndE(r); 5blQndl] n stupid or careless mistake （愚蠢的或粗心的）错误: * I've made an awful blunder. 我做了一件大错特错的事. =>Usage at mistake 用法见mistake. 派生： blunder v 1 [I] make a blunder 犯（愚蠢的或粗心的）错误: The police blundered badly by arresting the wrong man. 警方抓错了人, 犯了荒唐的大错. 2 (phr v) blunder about, around, etc move about clumsily or uncertainly, as if blind 乱闯; 瞎闯: He blundered about the room, feeling for the light switch. 他在房间里磕磕绊绊地摸索电灯的开关. blunder into sth walk into or strike sth through clumsiness or inability to see （因笨拙或看不见）碰着某物: In the darkness, he blundered into the hall table. 黑暗中他撞着了大厅里的桌子. blunderer[5blQndErE(r); 5blQndErl] n person who makes blunders 犯粗心错误的人.

blunderbuss
[5blQndEbQs; 5blQndl7bQs] n old type of gun with a wide mouth, firing many bullets or small shot at short range 旧式大口径前膛枪.

blunt
[blQnt; blQnt] adj (-er, -est) 1 without a sharp edge or a point 不锋利的; 不尖的; 钝的: * a blunt knife, razor-blade, saw, pencil, etc 钝的小刀、 不锋利的刀片、 不快的锯、 秃的铅笔等. 2 (fig 比喻) (of a person, remark, etc) frank and straightforward; not trying to be polite or tactful （指人、 言语等）坦诚的, 直率的, 不客气的, 欠圆通的: * a blunt refusal 不客气的拒绝 * Let me be quite blunt (with you) your work is appalling. （对你）直说吧--你的工作太差劲. 派生： blunt v [Tn] make (sth) blunt or less sharp 把（某物）弄钝: a knife blunted by years of use 多年用钝了的刀 * a fine mind blunted by boredom 因厌烦而变得迟钝的头脑. bluntly adv in a blunt(2) manner 坦率地: To put it bluntly, you're fired! 直截了当地说吧, 你被解雇了! bluntness n [U].

blur
[blE:(r); blE] n thing that appears hazy and indistinct 模糊之物; 蒙胧的状况: * The town was just a blur on the horizon. 朝地平线望去, 小城一片蒙胧. * Everything is a blur when I take my glasses off. 我不戴眼镜时, 什麽也看不清. * (fig 比喻) My memories of childhood are only a blur. 我对童年的生活已经记不太清了. 派生： blur v (-rr-) [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become unclear or indistinct （使某事物）变得模糊不清: Her eyes blurred with tears. 她泪眼迷离. * a blurred photograph 模糊不清的照片 * blurred writing 模糊不清的字迹 * Mist blurred the view. 雾霭障蔽了视线. * (fig 比喻) His memory is blurred by his illness. 他因患病记忆力减退.

blurb
[blE:b; blEb] n publisher's short description of the contents of a book, usu printed on the jacket or cover （出版者对书的）内容简介（通常印在护封或封底上）.

blurt
[blE:t; blEt] v (phr v) blurt sth out say sth suddenly and tactlessly 脱口说出: * He blurted out the bad news before I could stop him. 我还没来得及阻止他, 他已冲口说出了这个坏消息.

blush
[blQF; blQF] v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) (at sth) become red in the face (because of sth) （因某事物）脸红: * blush with shame, embarrassment, etc 因羞愧、 难堪等而脸红 * the blushing bride 羞赧的新娘 * She blushed at (the thought of) her stupid mistake. 她因（想到）自己干的蠢事而脸红. 2 [It] (fig 比喻) be ashamed 羞愧: * I blush to admit/confess that... 我羞愧地承认[供认].... 派生： blush n 1 reddening of the face (from shame, embarrassment, etc) （因羞愧、 难堪等）脸上泛出的红晕: She turned away to hide her blushes. 她转过身去, 不让人看见她两颊绯红. 2 (idm 习语) spare sb's blushes => spare2. blusher n [C, U] cosmetic used to give the cheeks a rosy colour 胭脂. blushingly adv.

bluster
[5blQstE(r); 5blQstl] v 1 [I] (of the wind) blow fiercely or in strong gusts （指风）猛刮, 阵阵狂吹: * The gale blustered all night. 刮了一夜狂风. 2 [I] talk in an aggressive, boastful or threatening way (usu with little effect) 咄咄逼人, 口出狂言, 威吓（通常作用不大）. 3 (phr v) bluster one's way out of sth try to escape from sth by talking aggressively, boastfully, etc （言语尖刻或口出狂言等）冀求摆脱某事物: * He always tries to bluster his way out of difficult situations. 他总是自吹自擂以摆脱困境. 派生： bluster n [U] 1 noise of a violent wind （狂风的）呼啸声. 2 (fig 比喻) blustering talk or behaviour; noisy but empty threats 吓唬人的言语或行为; 虚张声势的恫吓: I wasn't frightened by what he said it was just bluster. 他说的话吓不倒我--不过是雷声大, 雨点小. blustery[5blQstri; 5blQstri] adj (of the weather) very windy; gusty （指天气）刮大风的, 刮阵风的: * a blustery day 刮大风的一天.

BMA
[7bi: em 'ei; 7bi em 'e] abbr 缩写 = British Medical Association 英国医学会: * a member of the BMA 英国医学会会员.

Bn
abbr 缩写 = battalion: 1st Bn Coldstream Guards 科尔德斯特里姆卫队第一营.

BO
(also bo)[7bi: 'Eu; 7bi 'o] (infml 口 esp Brit) body odour 体臭; 狐臭: * have BO 有体臭.

bo'sun
= boatswain.

boa
[5bEuE; 5boE] n 1 (also `boa constrictor) large non-poisonous S American snake that kills its prey by crushing it 蟒, 蟒蛇（产於南美洲）. =>illus at snake 见snake之插图. 2 long thin type of scarf made of fur or feathers and worn by women （女用）长围巾（毛皮或羽毛制的）: * a feather boa 羽毛围巾.

boar
[bC:(r); bCr] n (pl unchanged or ~s 复数或不变或作boars) 1 male wild pig 公野猪. 2 uncastrated male domestic pig 未阉的公猪. Cf 参看 hog 1, sow1.

board
1[bC:d; bCrd] n 1 [C] long thin flat piece of cut wood used for building walls, floors, boats, etc （长而薄的）木板（用於建造墙壁、 地板、 船身等）. 2 [U] (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) material made of compressed wood fibres, etc and cut into thin stiff sheets （用压缩木纤维等制成的）硬薄板: * `chipboard, `hardboard. 3 [C usu pl 通常作复数] thick stiff paper (sometimes covered with cloth) used for book covers （书籍封面用的）厚硬纸板（有时加有布面）: * a book bound in cloth boards 用布面纸板作封面的书. 4 [C] (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) flat piece of wood or other stiff material used for a specific purpose 板子; 牌子: * a `notice-board * an `ironing-board * a `diving-board * a `breadboard, ie for cutting bread on. 5 [C] flat surface marked with patterns, etc on which certain games are played 棋盘: * [attrib 作定语] Chess, draughts and ludo are `board games. 国际象棋、 国际跳 棋及儿童掷色子游戏都是在棋盘上比赛的游戏. =>illus at chess 见chess之插图. 6 the boards [pl] (dated or joc 旧或谑) the theatre; acting as a profession 舞台; 演艺业: * Are you still treading the boards? 你还在当演员吗? 7 [CGp] group of people controlling a company or some other organization; committee; council （公司或其他机构的）主管人员; 委员会; 理事会; 董事会: * the `coal/`gas/elec`tricity/`water board 煤炭[煤气/电力/水务]部 * the board of governors (of a school) （学校的）董事会 * She has a seat on/is on the board (of directors) of a large company. 她是某大公司董事会成员之一. * The board is/are unhappy about falling sales. 董事会对销售额下降很不满. * [attrib 作定语] a `board meeting 董事会议. 8 [U] (cost of) daily meals (in rented accommodation) （寄宿时的）膳食（费）: * He pays 40 a week (for) board and lodging. 他每周支付膳宿费40英镑.

board1
9 (idm 习语) (be) above `board (esp of a business transaction) honest and open （尤指商业交易）光明正大的: * The deal was completely above board. 这笔交易是完全光明正大的. * [attrib 作定语] an a,bove-board `deal 光明正大的交易. a,cross the `board (a) involving all members, groups or classes (of a company, an industry, a society, etc) 包括（某公司、 行业、 社团等的）所有成员、 组织或阶层; 全面的: * This firm needs radical changes across the board. 这家公司需要全面彻底大改组. * [attrib 作定语] an a,cross-the-board `wage increase 全部人员的加薪. (b) (US) (of a bet) placed so that one wins if the horse, etc finishes the race in first, second or third place （指赌注）压於某匹马等, 无论跑第一、 第二或第叁, 下注者皆赢. bed and board => bed1. free on board/rail => free1. ,go by the `board (of plans, etc) be abandoned or rejected; (of principles, etc) be ignored （指计划等）被放弃; （指原则等）被忽视: * I'm afraid the new car will have to go by the board we can't afford it. 我看买新汽车的事要告吹--我们买不起. on `board on or in a ship or an aircraft 在船上; 在飞行器上: * Have the passengers gone on board yet? 旅客已经上船[上飞机]了吗? sweep the board => sweep1. take sth on `board (infml 口) accept (a responsibility, etc); recognize (a problem, etc) 承担（责任等）; 承认（问题等）: * I'm too busy to take this new job on board at the moment. 我太忙, 目前不能接受这项新工作. 派生： boarding n [U] (structure made of) boards (board11) 木板（建造之物）. 复合： `boardroom n room in which the meetings of the board of directors of a company are held （公司董事会的）会议室. `boardwalk n (US) promenade, usu made of planks, along a beach （海滨的）人行道（通常为木板铺设的）.

boast
[bEust; bost] v 1 [I, Ipr, Tf] ~ (about/of sth) talk (about one's own achievements, abilities, etc) with too much pride and satisfaction 自夸; 自吹自擂: * He's always boasting about his children's success at school. 他总是夸耀他的孩子们学习成绩好. * That's nothing to boast about. 那没有什麽值得自吹的. * He boasted of being/boasted that he was the best player in the team. 他自夸是队里的最佳队员. 2 [Tn] possess (sth to be proud of) 有（引以为荣的事物）: * The town boasts a world-famous art gallery. 这个镇子引以为荣的是有个闻名於世的美术馆. 派生： boast n 1 ~ (that...) (derog 贬) boastful statement 自夸的话: His boast that he could drink ten pints of beer impressed nobody. 他自吹自擂说能喝十品脱啤酒, 但无人理睬他. 2 thing that one is proud of; cause for satisfaction 引以自豪的事物; 令人满意的原因: It was his proud boast that he had never missed a day's work because of illness. 他从未请过一天病假, 这是他引以自豪的事. boaster n person who boasts 自夸者. boastful[-ful; -7fEl] adj (a) (of a person) often boasting （指人）好自夸的. (b) (of a statement, etc) full of self-praise （指言语等）充满自夸的. boastfully[-fElI; -fElI/ adv.

boat
[bEut; bot] n 1 small vessel for travelling in on water, moved by oars, sails or a motor （使用桨、 帆或发动机驱动的）小船: * a rowing-/sailing-boat 用桨划的船[帆船] * motor/fishing boats 汽艇[渔船] * We crossed the river in a boat/by boat. 我们乘船渡河. * Boats for hire 5 an hour. 游船出租--每小时5英镑. * a ship's boats, ie lifeboats carried on board a ship 轮船上的救生艇. 2 any ship （任何）船: * `How are you going to France?’ `I'm going by/taking the boat (eg the ferry).’ ‘你打算怎样去法国?’‘我打算乘船去.’ 3 dish shaped like a boat for serving sauce or gravy （盛调料或肉汁的）船形碟子. 4 (idm 习语) be in the same boat =>same1. burn one's boats/bridges => burn2. miss the boat/bus => miss3. push the boat out => push2. rock the boat => rock2. 派生： boat v [I] (usu 通常作 go boating) travel or go in a boat for pleasure 划船游玩: We go boating on the lake every weekend. 我们每个周末都到湖上划船. 复合： `boat-hook n long pole with a hook and a spike at one end, used for pulling or pushing boats （一端有钩的）篙. `boat-house n shed beside a river or lake for keeping boats in 船库（停船的棚屋）. `boatman[-mEn; -mEn] n (pl -men) man who hires out small boats; man who transports people in small boats for payment 出租小船的人; 用船摆渡取酬的人. `boat people refugees leaving a country in boats 船民（乘船离国的难民）. `boat race race between rowing-boats, esp (the Boat Race) the annual race between the rowing crews of Oxford and Cambridge Universities 划船比赛（尤指牛津与剑桥大学之间一年一度的比赛）. `boat-train n train that takes people to or from a passenger ship （与客轮联运的）火车.

boater
[5bEutE(r); 5botl] n hard straw hat with a flat top and straight brim (originally worn for boating) 硬草帽（原为划船时戴的）.

boatswain
(also bo'sn, bos'n, bo'sun)[5bEusn;'bosn] n senior seaman on a ship who supervises the crew and is responsible for the ship's equipment 水手长（管理其他水手并负责船上设备者）.

bob
sleigh

bobbin
[5bCbin; 5babin] n small roller or spool for holding thread, yarn, wire, etc in a machine （机器上缠绕纱线、 金属丝等的）小滚筒, 小卷轴.

bobble
[5bCbl; 5babl] n small woolly ball used as a decoration (esp on a hat) （装饰用的）绒线球（尤指帽子上的）.

bobby
[5bCbi; 5babi] n (Brit infml 口) policeman 警察.

bobby pin
[5bCbi pin; 5babi pin] (US) small metal hair-grip （金属的）小发夹.

bobtail
[5bCbteil; 5bab7tel] n 1 (horse or dog with a) tail cut short 剪短的尾巴; （尾巴剪短的）马或狗. 2 (idm 习语) ragtag and bobtail => ragtag.

bod
[bCd; bad] n (Brit infml 口) person (esp a man) 人（尤指男子）: * He's an odd bod. 他是个怪人.

bode
[bEud; bod] v 1 [Dn.n no passive 不用於被动语态] (fml or dated 文或旧) be a sign of (sth coming) 预示: * This bodes us no good. 这对我们不是吉兆. 2 (idm 习语) bode `well/`ill (for sb/sth) be a good/bad sign (for sb/sth) （对某人[某事物]）预示吉[凶]: * The bad trading figures do not bode well for the company's future. 这些交易数额欠佳, 预示公司前景不妙.

bodice
[5bCdis; 5badis] n 1 upper part of a woman's dress, down to the waist 连衣裙的上部（下至腰处）. 2 woman's or child's close-fitting undergarment like a vest （妇女或儿童的）紧身胸衣.

bodily
[5bCdili; 5badli] adj [attrib 作定语] of the human body; physical 人体的; 肉体的: * bodily needs, eg food, warmth 身体的需要（如食物、 温暖） * bodily organs, eg the heart, the liver 身体的器官（如心脏、 肝脏） * bodily harm, ie physical injury 身体的伤害. 派生： bodily adv 1 as a whole or mass; completely 全部地; 整体地; 完全地: The audience rose bodily to cheer the speaker. 听众全体起立向演讲者欢呼. * The monument was moved bodily to a new site. 纪念碑整个迁到一个新场址. 2 by taking hold of the body; forcibly 抓住身体; 强行地: The prisoners were thrown bodily into the police van. 囚犯被揪着推进警车.

bodkin
[5bCdkin; 5badkin] n blunt thick needle with a large eye, used for pulling tape, etc through a hem （大眼无尖的）粗针（用以将带子等穿过衣边）.

body
[5bCdi; 5badi] n 1 [C] whole physical structure of a human being or an animal （人或动物的）身体, 身躯: * Children's bodies grow steadily. 儿童的身体不断发育成长. 2 [C] dead body; corpse or carcass 死 ; 体: * The police found a body at the bottom of the lake. 警方在湖底发现了一具 体. * His body was brought back to England for burial. 他的遗体已运回英国埋葬. 3 [C]main part of a human body, apart from the head and limbs; trunk; torso 躯干: * He has a strong body, but rather thin legs. 他躯干粗壮, 但腿却很瘦. * She was badly burned on the face and body. 她面部和身上严重烧伤. 4 [sing] the ~ of sth main part of sth, esp a vehicle or building 主体（尤指车辆或建 物）: * the body of a plane, ship, car, etc 机身、 船身、 车身等 * the body of a theatre, concert hall, etc, ie the central part where the seats are 戏院、 音乐厅等的主体部分（中央有座位的部分） * The main body of the book deals with the author's political career. 书中主要部分写的是作者的政治生涯. 5 [CGp] group of people working or acting as a unit 集体; 团体; 群体: * a body of troops, supporters, people, etc 一支部队、 一群支持者、 一批人等 * a legislative, an elected body 立法团体、 当选的团体 * A government body is investigatingthe problem. 政府部门正在调查此问题. * The GoverningBody of the school is/are concerned about discipline. 学校当局很关心纪律问题. 6 [C] ~ of sth large amount of sth; mass or collection of sth （某事物的）大量、 片、 块、 堆等: * a body of evidence, information, etc 大量证据、 信息等 * large bodies of water, eg lakes or seas 大片水域（如湖泊或海洋） * There is a large body of support for nuclear disarmament. 拥护裁减核军备的人很多. 7 [C] distinct piece of matter; object 物体: * heavenly bodies, ie stars, planets, etc 天体 * I've got a foreign body

body1
(eg an insect or a speck of dirt) in my eye. 我眼中有异物（如小虫或灰尘）. 8 [U] full strong flavour, esp of wine 丰满; 浓郁; （尤指酒） 郁: * a wine with plenty of body 酒. 9 [C] (dated Brit infml 旧, 口) person 人: * a cheerful old body 快乐的老人. 10 (idm 习语) body and `soul with all one's energies; completely 全心全意地; 完完全全地: * love sb body and soul 真心实意爱某人 * He fought body and soul for his country. 他全心全意地为祖国而战斗. in a `body (of a group) all together 全体: * The protesters marched in a body to the town hall. 全体抗议者向市政厅行进. keep body and `soul together stay alive (though with some difficulty); survive 口; 勉强维持生活: * He scarcely has enough money to keep body and soul together. 他几乎无钱维持生活. over my dead body => dead. Often parts of the body are closely linked to particular verbs. The combination of the verb and part of the body expresses emotions or attitudes. 身体部位词语多与某些动词搭配使用. 这种搭配可表达一定的情感或态度. 复合： `body-blow n 1 (in boxing) blow to the body(3) （拳击中）（向对手身体的）打击. 2 (fig 比喻) severe disappointment or set-back （极大的）失望, 挫折: The death of its leader was a body-blow to the party. 领袖的逝世对党是巨大的损失. `body-building n [U] strengthening the muscles of the body through exercise （通过锻炼）增强体质. `body clock biological mechanism that automatically controls various recurring functions of the human body, eg the need to sleep 生物钟（自动控制人体各种周期性节律的生物机制, 如睡眠的需要）: I only arrived in London yesterday and my body clock is still on New York time. 我昨天刚到伦敦, 而我的生物钟仍然是纽约时间. `body language expressing how one feels by the way one sits, stands, moves, etc rather than by words 身势语, 身体语言（通过坐、 站、 移动等动作表达意思）.

body2
`bodyline n [U] (in cricket) type of bowling in which the ball is aimed at the batsman's body rather than at the wicket （板球）瞄准击球员身体（而不瞄准叁柱门）的投球. `body odour (abbr 缩写 BO) smell of the human body, esp when unwashed, often regarded as unpleasant 人体的气味（尤指未沐浴者, 常指难闻的）; 体臭; 狐臭. the ,body `politic the State as an organized group of citizens 国家（政治上组织起来的全体人民）. `body-snatcher n (formerly) person stealing corpses from graves and selling them for dissection （旧时）掘墓盗 者（将 体出卖供解剖用）. `body stocking woman's undergarment covering the body(3) and legs （女用）全身内衣.

bodyguard
[5bCdiga:d; 5badi7gard] n [C, CGp] man or group of men whose job is to protect an important person （重要人物的）侍卫, 卫队, 保镖: * The President's bodyguard is/are armed. 总统的侍卫佩带着武器.

bodywork
[5bCdiwE:k; 5badi7wEk] n [U] main outside structure of a motor vehicle （机动车辆的）车身: * paint, repair, damage the bodywork of a car 给汽车车身喷漆、 修理汽车车身、 损坏汽车车身.

Boer
[bC:(r); bCr] n (formerly) African of Dutch descent; Afrikaner （旧时）荷兰裔非洲人; 布尔人: * [attrib 作定语] The Boer War, ie the war between the Boers and the British (1899-1902). 布尔战争（布尔人与英国人之间的战争, 1899-1902）.

boffin
[5bCfin; 5bafin] n (Brit infml 口) scientist, esp one doing research 科学家（尤指从事研究工作的人）.

bog
[bCg; bag] n 1 [C, U] (area of) wet spongy ground formed of decaying vegetation （地面为腐朽植物的）沼泽（地区）: * a peat bog 泥炭沼 * Keep to the path parts of the moor are bog. 沿着这条小路走--荒野上多处是沼泽地. 2 [C] (Brit sl 俚) lavatory 厕所. 派生： bog v (-gg-) (phr v) bog (sth) down (usu passive 通常用於被动语态) (a) (cause sth to) sink into mud or wet ground （使某物）陷入泥沼: The tank (got) bogged down in the mud. 坦克陷入泥沼之中. (b) (fig 比喻) (cause sth to) become stuck and unable to make progress （使某物）陷入困境不能前进: Our discussions got bogged down in irrelevant detail. 我们的讨论纠缠在无关紧要的细节上. boggy[5bCgi; 5bagi] adj (of land) soft and wet （指土地）软而湿的: * boggy ground, moorland, etc 软而湿的地面、 高沼地等.

bogey
1 = bogy.

boggle
[5bCgl; 5bagl] v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (at sth) (infml 口) hesitate (at sth) in alarm or amazement （对某事物）（因惊慌或惊奇）犹豫不决: * He boggled at the thought of swimming in winter. 他想到要在冬天游泳就有些犹豫. 2 (idm 习语) the mind/imagination `boggles (at sth) (infml 口) one can hardly accept or imagine (an idea, a suggestion, etc) （对某一想法、 建议等）难以接受或难以想像: * My neighbour wears his dressing-gown to work. The mind boggles! 我的邻居穿着晨衣去上班. 真不可思议! boggle sb's/the `mind (US infml 口) amaze or shock sb 使某人惊奇或吃惊: * It boggles my mind! 这使我大吃一惊! Cf 参看 mind-boggling(mind1).

bogie
[5bEugi; 5bogi] n undercarriage with wheels fitted below the end of a railway vehicle and pivoted for going round curves （铁路车辆的）转向架.

bogus
[5bEugEs; 5bogEs] adj not genuine; false 伪造的; 假的: * a bogus passport, doctor, claim 伪造的护照、 冒充的医生、 冒领.

bogy
(also bogey)[5bEugi; 5bogi] n 1 (a) (also `bogyman[-mn; -mAn] ) imaginary evil spirit (used to frighten children) 鬼怪（用以吓唬儿童的）. (b) thing that causes fear, often without reason; bugbear 使人害怕的事物（常无理由）; 吓人的东西: * Inflation is the bogy of many governments. 通货膨胀是许多政府害怕的事情. 2 (children's sl 童俚) small lump of mucus in the nose 鼻涕疙睰.

bohemian
[bEu'hi:miEn; bo'himiEn] n, adj (person, esp an artist) having or displaying a very informal and unconventional way of life 生活方式不正规和不合习俗的（人, 尤指艺术家）.

boil
1[bCil; bCil] n (usu painful) infected swelling under the skin, producing pus （常为疼痛的）皮下脓肿.

boiler
[5bCilE(r); 5bCill] n 1 metal container in which water is heated, eg to produce steam in an engine 锅炉. 2 tank in which hot water is stored, esp for central heating and other household needs 热水器（尤指为集中供暖设备及家庭其他用途供热水的）. 3 large metal tub for boiling laundry （煮衣服用的）大金属桶. Cf 参看 copper1 3. 复合： `boiler suit one-piece garment worn for rough work （干粗活穿的）连衫裤. Cf 参看 overall.

boisterous
[5bCistErEs; 5bCistErEs] adj 1 (of people or behaviour) noisy, lively and cheerful （指人或行为）喧闹的; 活跃的; 热闹的: * a boisterous party 热闹的聚会 * The children are very boisterous today. 今天孩子们非常活泼. 2 (of the wind or sea) stormy; rough （指风）猛烈 的, 急遽的; （指海）波涛汹涌的. > boisterously adv. boisterousness n [U].

bold
[bEuld; bold] adj (-er, -est) 1 confident and brave; daring; enterprising 自信和勇敢的; 大胆的; 有进取心的: * a bold warrior 无畏的战士 * bold plans, tactics, etc 大胆的计划、 战术等 * a bold scheme to rebuild the city centre 重建城市中心的大胆规划. 2 (dated 旧) without feelings of shame; immodest 无耻的; 无礼的: * She waited for him to invite her to dance, not wishing to seem bold. 她等他邀请她跳舞, 而不愿显得失慎. 3 clearly visible; distinct; striking; vivid 显而易见的; 轮廓清楚的; 突出的; 生动的: * the bold outline of a mountain against the sky 天空衬托出山的清楚轮廓 * bold, legible handwriting 醒目而清楚的字体 * She paints with bold strokes of the brush. 她用雄健有力的笔触绘画. 4 printed in thick type 用粗体印刷的: * The headwords in this dictionary are in bold type. 本词典的词条用的是粗体字. 5 (idm 习语) be/make so bold (as to do sth) (fml 文) (esp in a social situation) dare (to do sth); presume or venture (to do sth) （尤指於社交场合）冒昧地（做某事）, 擅自（做某事）: * One student made so bold as to argue with the professor. 有个学生真冒失, 竟然和教授争论起来. (as) bold as `brass very cheeky; impudent 厚颜无耻的: * He walked in, bold as brass, and asked me to lend him 50! 他走进来, 厚颜无耻地要我借给他50英镑! put on, show, etc a bold front try to appear brave and cheerful in order to hide one's true feelings 竭力表现出勇敢和快乐以掩盖自己的真实感情. > boldly adv. boldness n [U].

bole
[bEul; bol] n trunk of a tree 树干.

bolero
n (pl ~s) 1/bE'leErEu; bE'lero] (music for a) type of Spanish dance 波列罗舞（一种西班牙舞）（曲）. 2[5bClErEu; bo'lero] woman's short jacket with no front fastening （前襟敞开的）女短外衣.

boll
[bEul; bol] n seed-case of the cotton plant or flax （棉或亚麻的）圆荚. 复合： ,boll-`weevil n destructive insect whose larvae eat cotton bolls 棉铃象甲（侵害棉禾的小昆虫）.

bollard
[5bCla:d; 5balld] n 1 short thick post on a quay or ship's deck, to which a ship's mooring ropes are tied （码头或船甲板上的）系缆柱. 2 short post on a kerb or traffic island （路边镶边石或交通安全岛上的）短柱.

bollocks
= ballocks.

boloney
(also baloney)[bE'lEuni; bE'loni] n [U] (infml 口) nonsense; rubbish 胡说八道; 胡扯: * Don't talk boloney! 不要胡说八道!

Bolshevik
[5bClFEvik; - also 'bEul-; 5balFE7vik, bol-] n 1 member of the majority socialist group supporting the Russian revolution in 1917 布尔什维克（拥护1917年俄国革命的社会主义者多数派的成员）. 2 (infml derog 口, 贬) any radical socialist 激进的社会主义者.> Bolshevism[5bClFEvizEm; 5balFE7vizEm] n [U]. Bolshevist[5bClFEvist; 5balFEvist] n.

bolshie
(also bolshy)[5bClFi; 5balFi] adj (-ier, -iest) (Brit infml derog 口, 贬) deliberately unco-operative; awkward; stubborn 蓄意不合作的; 不灵活的; 固执的: * be in a bolshie mood 有抵触情绪 * be bolshie about sth 对某事固执己见.

bolster
[5bEulstE(r); 5bolstl] n long pillow, usu shaped like a roll, across the head of a bed （床头上的）长垫枕. 派生： bolster v [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sb/sth (up) give support to sb/sth; strengthen or reinforce sth 支持某人[某事物]; 加强某事物: bolster sb's morale/courage 提高某人的士气[增加某人的勇气] * It bolstered my belief that......加强了我的信念. * The government borrowed money to bolster up the economy. 政府借贷以促进经济发展.

bolt
1[bEult; bolt] n 1 metal bar that slides into a socket to lock a door, window, etc （门、 窗等的）闩. 2 metal pin with a head at one end, and a thread (as on a screw), used with a nut for fastening things together 螺栓. 3 short heavy arrow shot from a crossbow （用弩弓发射的）弩箭. 4 flash of lightning 闪电; 霹雳. 5 quantity of cloth, etc wound in a roll （布疋等的量）一疋, 一卷. 6 (idm 习语) a ,bolt from the `blue unexpected (and usu unwelcome) event; complete surprise 意外的（通常为不受欢迎的）事件; 晴天霹雳: * The news of his death was (like) a bolt from the blue. 他逝世的消息犹如晴天霹雳. the nuts and bolts => nut. shoot one's bolt => shoot1. 派生： bolt v 1 (a) [I, Tn] fasten (sth) with a bolt1(1) 将（某物）闩上: The gate bolts on the inside. 这大门是从里面闩上的. * Remember to bolt all the doors and windows. 别忘将所有门窗闩住. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p]. ~ A to B; ~ A and B (together) fasten objects (together) with bolts (bolt1 2) 用螺栓将物体固定住: The vice is bolted to the work-bench. 老虎钳是用螺栓拧在工作台上的. * The various parts of the car are bolted together. 这辆汽车的各种配件是用螺栓装在一起的. 2 (phr v) bolt sb in/out prevent sb from leaving/entering a room, house, etc by bolting the doors, etc 将门等闩上不让某人出[入].

bomb
[bCm; bam] n 1 [C] container filled with explosive or incendiary material, made to explode when dropped or thrown, or by a timing device 炸弹: * Enemy aircraft dropped bombs on the city. 敌机向这个城市投掷炸弹. * Terrorists placed a 50-pound bomb in the railway station. 恐怖分子在火车站安放了一枚50磅重的炸弹. 2 [C] (in compounds 用以构成复合词) explosive device placed in or attached to a specified object 装在某物体内或附着在某物体上的爆炸装置: * a letter-bomb * aparcel/car bomb. 3 the bomb [sing] atomic or hydrogenbomb 原子弹或氢弹: * Anti-nuclear organizations want to ban the bomb. 反核武器组织要求禁止使用核武器. 4 a bomb [sing] (infml 口) a lot of money 大量金钱: * That dress must have cost (her) a bomb! 那连衣裙一定花了（她）很多钱! * Some company directors make (ie earn) an absolute bomb. 有些公司董事赚很多钱. 5 (idm 习语) go like a `bomb (infml 口) (a) (of a vehicle) go very fast （指车辆）疾驶: * My new car goes like a bomb. 我的新汽车跑得特别快. (b) be very successful 非常成功: * Her party went like a bomb. 她那个聚会极为成功. 派生： bomb v 1 [Tn] attack (sb/sth) with bombs; drop bombs on 用炸弹攻击（某人[某物]）; 投炸弹於: London was heavily bombed during the last war. 上次大战期间伦敦遭到猛烈轰炸. * Terrorists bombed several police stations. 恐怖分子炸毁了几所警察分局. 2 [I, Ip] ~ (out) (infml 口 esp US) fail 惨败: Her new play bombed after only three nights. 她的新戏只演出叁晚就演不下去. 3 (phr v) bomb along, down, up, etc (Brit infml 口) move very fast (usu in a vehicle) in the specified direction （通常指乘车）朝某方向疾驶: bombing down the motorway at ninety miles an hour 以每 小时九十英里的速度在高速公路上疾驶. bomb sb out (esp passive 尤用於被动语态) make sb homeless by destroying his house with bombs 用炸弹摧毁某人的房屋而使其无家可归: Our parents were bombed out twice during the war. 我们的父母在战争期间有两次被炸弹炸得无家可归.

bomb1
复合： `bomb-bay n compartment in an aircraft for carrying bombs 飞机上的炸弹舱. `bomb-disposal n [U] removal and detonation of unexploded bombs 未爆炸弹处理（移走并引爆）: [attrib 作定语] a bomb-disposal squad/team/officer/unit 炸弹拆除组[队/官员/部门]. `bomb-proof adj giving protection against bombs 防炸弹的: a bomb-proof shelter 防空避难室. `bomb-sight n device in an aircraft for aiming bombs （飞机上的）轰炸瞄准器. `bomb-site n area in a town where all the buildings have been destroyed by bombs 炸毁的市区.

bombard
[bCm'ba:d; bam'bard] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (with sth) 1 (a) attack (a place) with bombs or shells (esp from big guns) 轰炸（某地）; 炮轰（某地）: * Enemy positions were bombarded before our infantry attacked. 炮轰敌军阵地之後, 我步兵开始进攻. (b) (fig 比喻) attack sb with persistent questions, abuse, etc （以连珠炮式的问题、 辱骂等）攻击某人: * Reporters bombarded the President with questions about his economic policy. 新闻记者提出许多有关经济政策的问题围攻总统. 2 (physics 物) direct a stream of high-speed particles at (an atom, etc) （以一束高速粒子）撞击（原子等）. > bombardment n [C, U].

bombardier
[7bCmbE'diE(r); 7bambl'dir] n 1 (Brit) non-commissioned officer in an artillery regiment below a sergeant 炮兵下士. 2 (US) member of the crew of a bomber who aims and releases bombs （轰炸机的）投弹手.

bombast
[5bCmbAst; 5bambAst] n [U] pompous and meaningless words 浮夸的言语; 高调: * His speech was full of bombast. 他的讲演通篇是夸夸其谈. 派生： bombastic/bCm'bstik; bam'bAstik] adj (of a person or his words) pompous and empty （指人或言词）浮夸的, 空洞的. bombastically[-kli; -kli] adv.

bomber
[5bCmE(r); 5baml] n 1 aircraft that carries and drops bombs 轰炸机. 2 person (esp a terrorist) who throws or plants bombs 投掷或安放炸弹的人（尤指恐怖分子）.

bombshell
[5bCmFel; 5bam7Fel] n (infml 口) shocking and usu unpleasant surprise （令人震惊的, 通常为令人不快的）意外事件: * The news of his death was a bombshell. 他逝世的消息使人震惊.

bon
bon

bon mot
[7bCn 'mEu; 7ban 'mo] n (pl bons mots)[7bCn 'mEuz; 7ban 'moz] (French 法) witty saying or remark 隽语; 珠玑妙语.

bona fide
[7bEunE 'faidi; 5bonE 'faidi] adj [esp attrib 尤作定语], adv genuine(ly); without fraud or deception; legal(ly) 真实（的）; 真诚（的）; 合法（的）: * a bona fide agreement/contract/deal 真诚的协议[合约/交易]. 派生： bona fides[-diz; -diz] n [U] (law 律) honest intention; sincerity 诚意; 真诚: * establish one's bona fides 证明自己的诚意.

bonanza
[bE'nAnzE; bE'nAnzE] n 1 source of sudden great wealth or luck; increase in profits 暴富或幸运之源; 利润的增加: * [attrib 作定语] It's been a bonanza (ie very profitable) year for the tourist trade. 对旅游业来说, 这是财源滚滚的一年. 2 (US) rich output from a gold mine, oil well, etc （金矿、 油井等的）丰富产量.

bond
[bCnd; band] n 1 [C] (a) written agreement or promise that has legal force; covenant （具有法律效力的）书面协定或允诺; 契约; 合同; 票据: * We entered into a solemn bond. 我们缔结了一项正式协定. (b) signed document containing such an agreement 已签署的上述文件. 2 [C] certificate issued by a government or a company acknowledging that money has been lent to it and will be paid back with interest （政府或公司发行的）有息债券: * National Savings bonds 国家储蓄债券 * Government bonds 公债. 3 [C] thing that unites people or groups; link or tie 将人或团体联合起来的事物; 联系; 关系: * the bonds of friendship/affection 友谊[感情]的纽带 * The trade agreement helped to strengthen the bonds between the two countries. 这项贸易协定有助於加强两国之间的联系. 4 [sing] state of being joined 连接; 接合; 结合: * This glue makes a good firm bond. 这种胶水粘得很结实. 5 bonds [pl] ropes or chains binding a prisoner 捆绑囚犯的绳索或锁链: * (fig 比喻) the bonds of oppression, tyranny, injustice, etc 压迫、 专制、 不公正等桎梏. 6 (idm 习语) in/out of bond (commerce 商) (of imported goods) in/out of a bonded warehouse （指进口货物）在关栈中（尚未完税）[由关栈提出（已完税）]: * place goods in/take goods out of bond 将（未完税）货物存入关栈[将（已完税）货物由关栈提出]. sb's word is as good as his bond => word. 派生： bond v 1 [Tn] put (goods) in a bonded warehouse 将（货物）存入关栈: bonded whisky, cigarettes, etc 扣存关栈以待完税的威士忌、 香烟等. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ A and B (together); ~ A to B join two things securely together; unite two things with a bond 将两个物体牢固结合起来; 用黏结剂将两个物体接合起来: You need a strong adhesive to bond wood to metal. 需要强力胶才能把木料粘在金属上. 复合： ,bonded `warehouse warehouse where goods are stored until Customs duties are paid （存放货物以待完税的）保税仓库; 关栈.

bondage
[5bCndidV; 5bandidV] n [U] (dated or fml 旧或文) slavery; captivity 奴役; 束缚: * keep sb in bondage 使某人被奴役.

bone
[bEun; bon] n 1 [C] any of the hard parts that form the skeleton of an animal's body 骨骼; 骨头: * This fish has a lot of bones in it. 这种鱼有很多刺. * I've broken a bone in my arm. 我的臂部骨折了. * Her bones were laid to rest, ie Her body was buried. 她的 骨已下葬. 2 [U] hard substance of which bones are made 骨质: * Buttons are sometimes made of bone. 钮扣有时是用骨头做的. 3 [C] thin strip of metal or plastic used to stiffen a brassiere, shirt collar, etc （使乳罩、 衬衣领等坚挺的）金属或塑料薄条. 4 (idm 习语) a bag of bones => bag1. the bare bones => bare1. a bone of con`tention subject about which there is disagreement 有争执的问题: * The border has always been a bone of contention between these two countries. 这两国之间的边界问题历来是争议的焦点. chill sb to the bone/marrow => chill. close to/near the `bone (infml 口) (a) (of a remark, question, etc) unkindly or tactlessly revealing the truth about sb/sth （指言语、 问题等）不客气或不圆滑地揭露关於某人[某事物]的真相: * Some of his comments about her appearance were a bit close to the bone. 他对她外貌的一些评论有点太露骨了. (b) (of a joke, story, etc) almost indecent; likely to offend some people （指玩笑、 故事等）近乎猥亵的, 有可能冒犯某些人的: * Some scenes in the play are rather near the bone. 这个剧里有些情节相当猥亵. cut, pare, etc sth to the `bone reduce sth considerably or drastically 大幅度地减少某事物: * Train services have been cut to the bone. 列车车次已大幅度减少. * Our budget has been pared to the bone. 我们的预算已削减到最低限度. dry as a bone => dry1. feel in one's bones => feel1. have a `bone to pick with sb have sth to argue or quarrel about with sb 就某事跟某人辩论或争吵: * I've got a bone to pick with you. Where's the money I lent you last week? 我得跟你讲讲理, 上星期我借给你的钱到哪里去了? make no bones about

bone1
(doing) sth be frank about sth; admit sth readily; do not hesitate to do sth 对某事物坦率; 易於接受某事物; 对做某事物不犹豫: * He made no bones about his extreme left-wing views. 他毫不隐讳自己极左的观点. * She made no bones about telling her husband she wanted a divorce. 她坦率地告诉她丈夫, 她要离婚. skin and bone => skin. work one's fingers to the bone => finger. 派生： bone v 1 [Tn] take bones out of (sth) 剔去（某物）的骨头: bone a fish, a chicken, a piece of beef, etc 剔去鱼刺、 鸡骨、 一块牛肉的骨头等. 2 (phr v) bone up on (sth) (infml 口) study hard (usu for a specific purpose) 刻苦学习（通常指为某目的）: I must bone up on my French before we go to Paris. 在我们去巴黎之前, 我必须刻苦学习法语. -boned (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having the type of bones specified 具有某种骨骼类型的: small-boned * large-boned. 复合： ,bone `china thin china made of clay mixed with bone ash （以混有骨灰的陶土制成的）骨灰瓷. ,bone-`dry adj [usu pred 通常作表语] completely dry 完全乾燥. ,bone `idle (derog 贬) very lazy 极懒惰. `bone-meal n [U] crushed animal bones used as fertilizer 骨粉（用作肥料）. `bone-shaker n (infml joc 口, 谑) rickety and uncomfortable old bicycle or car （摇晃而使人难受的）旧自行车或汽车.

bonehead
[5bEunhed; 5bon7hed] n (infml derog 口, 贬) stupid person 蠢人.

boner
[5bEunE(r); 5bonl] n (US infml 口) stupid mistake; blunder （愚蠢的）错误; 大错.

bonfire
[5bCnfaiE(r); 5ban7fair] n large fire made outdoors for burning rubbish or as a celebration （为烧掉垃圾或为庆祝而在户外燃起的）大火堆, 篝火: * We made a bonfire of dead leaves in the garden. 我们在花园里点燃火堆把枯叶烧掉. 复合： `Bonfire Night (in Britain) the night of 5 November when the failure of the Gunpowder Plot is celebrated with bonfires and fireworks （英国）篝火之夜（11月5日晚用篝火和烟火来纪念‘火药阴谋’的失败）.

bongo
[5bCNgEu; 5baNgo] n (pl ~s or ~ es) one of a pair of small drums played with the fingers （用手指敲打的一对）小鼓（之一）.

bonhomie
[5bCnEmi; - 7bCnE'mi:; 7banE'mi] n [U] (French 法) hearty cheerfulness of manner 和蔼; 亲切.

bonkers
[5bCNkEz; 5baNklz] adj [pred 作表语] (Brit sl 俚) completely mad; crazy 疯狂: * You're stark raving bonkers! 你完全疯了!

bonnet
[5bCnit; 5banit] n 1 hat tied with strings under the chin, worn by babies and formerly by women （婴儿和旧时女子戴的）在颏下系带的帽子. 2 (in Scotland) man's round brimless cap （苏格兰）（男用）无檐圆帽. 3 (US hood) hinged cover over the engine of a motor vehicle （机动车辆的）发动机罩盖. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xii. 4 (idm 习语) have a bee in one's bonnet => bee1.

bonny
[5bCni; 5bani] adj (-ier, -iest) (approv esp Scot 褒, 尤用於苏格兰) attractive or beautiful; healthy-looking 有吸引力的; 美丽的; 健美的: * a bonny lass/baby 美丽的少女[婴儿]. > bonnily adv.

bonus
[5bEunEs; 5bonEs] n (pl ~es) 1 payment added to what is usual or expected, eg an extra dividend paid to shareholders in a company or to holders of an insurance policy 额外津贴; 奖金; 红利: * a productivity bonus, ie money added to wages when workers produce more goods, etc 生产奖金 * Company employees received a 25 Christmas bonus. 公司雇员得到25英镑的圣诞节赠金. 2 anything pleasant in addition to what is expected 意外的好处: * The warm weather in winter has been a real bonus. 冬天有这样暖和的天气真是喜出望外.

bony
[5bEuni; 5boni] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 of or like bone 骨的; 似骨的. 2 full of bones 多骨的: * This fish is very bony. 这种鱼刺多. 3 thin and having prominent bones 瘦的; 皮包骨的: * bony fingers 纤瘦的手指 * a tall bony man 高而瘦的男人. =>Usage at thin 用法见thin.

boo
[bu:; bu] interj, n 1 sound made to show disapproval or contempt 呸（表示不赞成或唾弃）: * The Prime Minister's speech was greeted with boos and jeers. 首相的演讲遭喝倒彩. 2 exclamation used to surprise or startle sb , 哟（使人感到突然或吃惊的喊声）. 3 (idm 习语) not say boo to a goose => say. 派生： boo v 1 [I, Tn] show disapproval or contempt for(sb/sth) by shouting `boo' 用‘呸’的声音表示不赞成或唾弃（某人[某事物]）: You can hear the crowd booing. 你可以听到人群中的一片呸呸声. 2 (phr v) boo sb off (sth) force sb to leave by booing 用‘呸’声来迫使某人离开: The actors were booed off the stage. 演员被倒彩声轰下了台.

boob
1[bu:b; bub] (also booboo[5bu:bu:; 5bubu] ) n (infml 口) stupid mistake （愚蠢的）错误. 派生： boob v [I] make a boob 犯（愚蠢的）错误: Oh dear, I've boobed again. 哎呀, 我又犯了愚蠢的错误.

booby
[5bu:bi; 5bubi] n (dated derog 旧, 贬) foolish person 笨人: * He's a great booby! 他是个大笨蛋! 复合： `booby prize (also wooden spoon) prize given as a joke to the person who is last in a race or competition 末名奖（为开玩笑送给竞赛中最後一名的奖品）. `booby trap 1 hidden trap designed to surprise sb, eg sth balanced on top of a door so that it will fall on the first person opening it （为吓某人而设的）陷阱（如在门顶上放置某物, 有人开门时即落其身上）. 2 hidden bomb designed to explode when an apparently harmless object is touched 饵雷; 诡雷: The police did not go near the abandoned car, fearing it was a booby trap. 警方没接近那辆弃置的汽车, 怕那里有饵雷. * [attrib 作定语] a booby-trap bomb 饵雷炸弹. booby-trap v (-pp-) [Tn] place a booby-trap in or on (sth) 将饵雷放在（某物）里面或上面: The car had been booby-trapped by terrorists. 恐怖分子在那辆汽车里安放了饵雷.

boodle
[5bu:dl; 5budl] n [U] (sl 俚 esp US) money, esp money gained by stealing or bribery 钱（尤指偷盗或受贿的钱）.

boogie
[5bu:gi; - 'bugi; 5bugi] (also ,boogie-`woogie[-'wu:gi; - -'wugi; -'wugi] ) n [U] type of blues music, played on the piano, with a strong rhythmical beat 布吉乐（用钢琴演奏的节奏性强的一种布鲁斯音乐）: * play boogie 演奏布吉乐 * [attrib 作定语] a boogie beat 布吉乐的拍子.

book
1[buk; buk] n 1 [C] (a) number of printed or written sheets of paper bound together in a cover 书; 书籍: * a leather-bound book 皮面装订的书. (b) written work or composition, eg a novel, a dictionary, an encyclopedia, etc 着作: * writing/reading a book about/on Shakespeare 写[读]关於莎士比亚的书. 2 [C] number of blank or lined sheets of paper fastened together in a cover and used for writing in 簿; 本子: * Write the essay in your (exercise-)books, not on rough paper. 把文章写在练习簿里, 不要写在草稿纸上. 3 books [pl] written records of the finances of a business; accounts 帐簿: * do the books, ie check the accounts 查帐 * The company's books are audited every year. 这家公司的帐目每年都核对. 4 [C] number of similar items fastened together in the shape of a book 装订成书本形的同类物品: * a book of stamps/tickets/matches 一沓邮票[票/火柴]. 5 [C] any of the main divisions of a large written work （大型着作的）卷, 篇, 部: * the books of the Bible 《圣经》中的记、 书. 6 [sing] words of an opera or a musical; libretto （歌剧的）歌词, 脚本. 7 [C] record of bets made, eg on a horse race 赌注登记（如赌马等）: * keep/make/open a book (on sth), ie take bets (on a match, race, etc) 接受赌注（在比赛、 赛马等项目中）. 8 the book [sing] telephone directory 电话号码簿: * Are you in the book? 电话簿里有你的电话号码吗? 9 (idm 习语) be in sb's good/bad `books (infml 口) have/not have sb's favour or approval 得到[得不到]某人的好感或赞许: * You'll be in the boss's bad books if you don't work harder. 工作不努力, 老板对你就没有好感. bring sb to `book (for sth) require sb to give an explanation (of his behaviour) 要求某人（对其行为）作出解释: * bring a criminal to book 盘问犯人. by the `book (infml 口) strictly according to the rules 严格按照规章办事:

book1
* He's always careful to do things by the book. 他总是小心翼翼地按规章办事. a closed book => close4. cook the books => cook. every/any trick in the book => trick. (be) on the books of sth (be) employed as a player by a football club 受雇於足球俱乐部作运动员: * He's on Everton's books. 他受雇於埃弗顿足球俱乐部. an open book => open1. read sb like a book => read. suit one's/sb's books => suit2. take a leaf out of sb's book => leaf. throw the book at sb (infml 口) remind sb forcefully of the correct procedure to be followed in some task (and perhaps punish him for not following it) 警告某人须按规定办事（否则可能受处分）. 复合： `bookbinder [C], `bookbinding [U] ns (person whose job is) putting covers on books 装订（工人）. `bookcase n piece of furniture with shelves for books 书橱; 书柜. `book club club which sells books at a reduced price to members who agree to buy a minimum number 购书会（会员购书不少於一定数量可获折扣）. `book-end n (usu pl 通常作复数) either of a pair of supports to keep books upright 书立; 书挡; 书靠. `bookkeeper [C], `bookkeeping [U] ns (person whose job is) recording business transactions 簿记（员）. `bookmaker (also infml 口语亦作 bookie) [C], `book-making [U] ns (person whose job is) taking bets on horse races, etc 接受赛马等赌注（为业者）. `bookmark (also `bookmarker) n strip placed betweenthe pages of a book to mark the reader's place 书签. `bookmobile[-mEubi:l; -'mobil] n (esp US) vehicle used as a travelling library 用作流动图书馆的车. `book-plate n piece of paper, usu with a printed design, pasted in a book to show who owns it 藏书票（贴在书中作藏书者标志, 通常印有图案）. `bookseller n person whose job is selling books 书商. `bookshop (US also `bookstore) n shop which sells mainly books 书店. `bookstall n (US `news-stand) stall or stand at which books, newpapers and magazines are sold 书摊.

book2
`book token voucher that can be exchanged for books of a given value 书券: a 10 book token 一张10英镑的书券. `bookworm n 1 grub that eats holes in books 书虫; 蠹鱼. 2 (fig 比喻) person who is very fond of reading books 极其喜欢读书的人; 书迷: She's a bit of a bookworm. 她可算是个书迷.

bookie
[5buki; 5buki] n (infml 口) = bookmaker (book1).

bookish
[5bukiF; 5bukiF] adj 1 fond of reading; studious 爱读书的; 好学的: * She was always a bookish child. 她一直是个爱读书的孩子. 2 having knowledge or ideas gained from reading rather than practical experience 书生气的（只有书本知识而无实际经验）. > bookishness n [U].

booklet
[5buklit; 5buklit] n thin book, usu in paper covers 小册子.

boom
1[bu:m; bum] v 1 [I, Ip] make a deep hollow resonant sound 发出深沉、 有回响的声音: * waves booming on the seashore 撞击海岸发出隆隆声的海浪 * We could hear the enemy guns booming (away) in the distance. 我们能听到远处敌人的大炮轰隆声. * The headmaster's voice boomed (out) across the playground. 校长 声 气的声音传遍操场. 2 [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (out) utter (sth) in a booming voice 用深沉的嗓音讲（话）: * `Get out of my sight!’ he boomed. ‘走开!’他用低沉的声音说. 派生： boom n (usu sing 通常作单数) deep hollow sound 深沉的声音: the boom of the guns, the surf 大炮、 波涛拍岸的隆隆声.

boomerang
[5bu:mErAN; 5bumE7rAN] n 1 curved flat wooden missile (used by Australian Aborigines) which can be thrown so that it returns to the thrower if it fails to hit anything 回力棒, 回飞镖（澳大利亚土着的木制飞镖, 呈扁平曲形, 掷出後, 如未击中物体, 能飞回原处）. 2 (fig 比喻) action or remark that causes unexpected harm to the person responsible for it 自食其果的言行: * [attrib 作定语] a boomerang effect 自作自受的後果. 派生： boomerang v [I, Ipr] act as a boomerang 自食其果; 自作自受: His attempt to discredit his opponent boomeranged (on him) when he was charged with libel. 他企图败坏对手名声反而自食其果, 被控以诽谤罪.

boon
1[bu:n; bun] n 1 (dated 旧) request or favour (used esp with the vs shown) 请求, 恩惠（尤与下列动词连用）: * ask a boon of sb 请求某人赐惠 * grant a boon 施恩. 2 thing that one is thankful for; benefit; advantage 所感激的事; 好处; 利益: * Parks are a great boon to people in big cities. 在大城市里, 公园是人们的好去处. * A warm coat is a real boon in cold weather. 寒衣在天冷时是至宝.

boor
[buE(r), bC:(r); bur] n (derog 贬) rough, rude or insensitive man 粗鲁、 无礼或不灵敏的人: * Don't be such a boor! 不要这样粗鲁! 派生： boorish[5buEriF, 'bC:riF; 5buriF] adj of or like a boor 粗鲁的; 粗野的; 笨拙的: * boorish youths, behaviour, remarks 粗鲁的年轻人、 举止、 言语. boorishly adv. boorishness n [U].

boost
[bu:st; bust] v [Tn] increase the strength or value of (sth); help or encourage (sb/sth) 增强（某事物）的力量; 提高（某事物）的价值; 帮助; 鼓励; 促进（某人[某事物]）: * boost an electric current 增强电流 * boost imports, share prices, the dollar, etc 增加进口、 提高股票价格、 提高美元汇价 * boost production 促进生产 * The unexpected win boosted the team's morale. 意外的胜利鼓舞了全队的士气. 派生： boost n increase; help; encouragement 增加; 帮助; 鼓励: a boost in sales, exports, etc 销售、 出口等的增长 * give the economy, the pound, etc a boost 使经济、 英镑等有起色 * give sb's confidence a boost 增强某人的信心. booster n 1 thing that boosts 令人鼓舞的事物: a morale booster, ie sth that makes one feel more confident 精神鼓舞. 2 device for increasing power or voltage 增强动力或电压的装置. 3 (also `booster rocket) rocket used to give initial speed to a missile or spacecraft 助推火箭（给予导弹或航天器以初速度的）. 4 dose or injection (of a medicine or drug) that increases the effect of an earlier one 辅助药剂, 增效药剂（用以加强前次药剂效力的）.

boot
1[bu:t; but] n 1 outer covering for the foot and ankle, made of eg leather or rubber 靴子: * a pair of football boots 一双足球靴 * tough boots for walking 耐穿的轻便靴. =>illus 见插图. Cf 参看 sandal, shoe 1. 2 (usu sing 通常作单数) (infml 口) blow with the foot; kick 踢: * He gave the ball a tremendous boot. 他重重地踢了这球一脚. 3 (Brit) (US trunk) compartment for luggage, usu at the back of a motor car 行李箱（通常在汽车後部）: * Put the luggage in the boot. 把行李放在汽车行李箱里. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xii. 4 (idm 习语) be/get too big for one's boots => big. the boot is on the other `foot the situation has been reversed 情况变得与原来相反. die with one's boots on =>die2. give sb/get the `boot (infml 口) dismisssb/be dismissed from a job 解雇某人; 某人被解雇:If you're late once more you're getting the boot. 你再迟到一次, 就要把你解雇了. have one's heart in one's boots => heart. lick sb's boots => lick. put the `boot in (infml 口 esp Brit) kick sb brutally; be ruthless 狠踢某人; 残忍无情. tough as old boots => tough. 派生： boot v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] kick (sth/sb) 踢（某物[某人]）: boot a ball (about) 踢球 * boot sb in the face 踢某人的脸. 2 [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (up) (computing 计) load (an operating system, a program, etc) into a computer's memory, esp automatically; prepare (a computer) for operation in this way 引导; （尤指自动地）将（操作系统、 程序等）写入, 装入, 寄存於计算机、 存储器; 以上述方法启动（计算机）. 3 (phr v) boot sb out (of sth) (infml 口) (a) throw sb out by force 把某人赶出去: His father booted him out of the house. 他父亲把他从家里赶了出去. (b) dismiss sb from a job 解雇某人. 复合： `bootlace n string or leather strip for tying boots or shoes 靴带; 鞋带. `bootstrap n (idm 习语) pull oneself up by one's bootstraps => pull2.

bootee
[bu:'ti:; bu'ti] n 1 baby's woollen boot （婴儿的）毛线鞋. 2 woman's short lined boot （女用）短统靴（有衬里）.

booth
[bu:T; - bu:W; buW] n 1 small, usu temporary, stall where goods are sold or displayed at a market, a fair or an exhibition 售货摊; 摊位. 2 small enclosure or compartment for a specific purpose （有某种用途的）小房间: * a telephone booth, ie for a public telephone 电话亭 * a polling booth, ie for voting at elections 投票间.

bootleg
[5bu:tleg; 5but7leg] v (-gg-) [Tn] 1 smuggle (alcohol) 私运（酒）. 2 make and sell (sth) illegally 非法制造及销售（某物）. =>Usage at smuggle 用法见smuggle. 派生： bootleg adj [attrib 作定语] (esp of alcohol) smuggled or made and sold illegally （尤指酒）偷运或非法制造并销售的: bootleg liquor 私酒 * a bootleg record, eg one recorded illegally at a concert 非法录制的唱片（如在音乐会上非法录制的）. bootlegger[-legE(r); -7legl] n.

booty
[5bu:ti; 5buti] n [U] things taken by thieves or captured from an enemy in war; loot; plunder 赃物; 战利品; 掠夺物.

booze
[bu:z; buz] v (infml 口) [I] drink alcoholic liquor, esp in large quantities 喝酒（尤指大量）: * He likes to go out boozing with his mates. 他喜欢和朋友到外面喝酒. 派生： booze n [U] (infml 口) 1 alcoholic drink 含酒精的饮料. 2 (idm 习语) go/be on the booze (infml 口) have a period of heavy drinking 喝很多酒: Her husband's been on the booze again. 她丈夫又不停地喝起酒来. boozer n (infml 口) 1 person who boozes 酗酒者: He's always been a bit of a boozer. 他总是有点醉醺醺的. 2 (Brit) pub 酒馆. boozy adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) drinking or involving much alcoholic liquor; drunken 好喝酒的; 酒量大的; 喝醉的: a boozy old man 好喝酒的老人 * a boozy party 狂欢狂饮酒会. 复合： `booze-up n (Brit infml 口) time of heavy drinking 痛饮狂欢: The party was a real booze-up. 这次聚会大家都开怀畅饮了.

bop
[bCp; bap] n 1 [U] = bebop. 2 [C, U] (infml 口) dance or dancing to pop music 博普舞（伴以流行乐曲的舞蹈）: * Let's have a bop. 让我们来跳博普舞吧. 派生： bop v (-pp-) [I] (infml 口) dance to pop music 跳博普舞: go bopping 去跳博普舞. bopper n (infml 口) 1 person who dances to pop music 跳博普舞者. 2 = teeny-bopper (teeny).

boracic
[bE'rAsik; bE'rAsik] adj = boric.

borage
[5bCridV; - 'bC:ridV; 5bCridV] n [U] plant with blue flowers and hairy leaves which are used in salads and to flavour drinks 琉璃苣（蓝花毛叶植物, 叶可用於色拉和饮料调味）.

borax
[5bC:rAks; 5bCrEks] n [U] white powder, a compoundof boron, used in making glass, enamels and detergents 硼砂; 月石.

Bordeaux
[bC:'dEu; bCr'do] n (pl unchanged 复数不变) [U, C] type of red or white wine from the Bordeaux district of SW France 波尔多葡萄酒. Cf 参看 claret.

border
[5bC:dE(r); 5bCrdl] n 1 (a) [C] (land near the) line dividing two countries or areas; frontier 边界; 边境; 国界; 国境; 边境地区: * The terrorists escaped across/over the border. 恐怖分子越过边境逃走了. * [attrib 作定语] a border town, guard, patrol 边境城市、 边防卫兵、 边防巡逻 * border incidents, ie small fights between soldiers of two neighbouring countries 边境事件（两邻国士兵之间的小冲突）. (b) the Border [sing] (area near) one particular border, esp that between England and Scotland, or the United States and Mexico 边界（地带）（尤指英格兰与苏格兰之间或美国与墨西哥之间的）. =>Usage 见所附用法. 2 [C] band or strip, usu ornamental, around or along the edge of sth 边（通常作装饰用的）: * the border of a picture/photograph 图画[照片]的装饰边 * a handkerchief, tablecloth, etc with an embroidered border 有绣花花边的手帕、 桌布等. 3 [C] strip of ground along the edge of a lawn or path for planting flowers or shrubs （草地或小路边缘的）狭长花坛: * a herbaceous border 多年生草本植物花坛 * a border of tulips 郁金香花坛. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page vii. 派生： border v 1 [Tn] be a border to (sth); be on the border of (sth) 与（某物）接界, 接壤; 在（某物）的边上: Our garden is bordered on one side by a stream. 我们的花园有一边以小河为界. * How many countries border Switzerland? 有多少国家与瑞士接壤? 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) put a border(2) on sth 在某物上镶边: a handkerchief bordered with lace 镶了花边的手帕. 3 [Ipr] ~ on sth (a) be next to sth; adjoin sth 接近某物; 毗邻某物: The new housing estate borders on the motorway. 新住宅区紧接高速公路. (b) (fig 比喻) be almost the same as sth; verge on sth 几乎与某事物相同; 在某事物的边缘: The boy's reply to his teacher was bordering on rudeness. 那男学生回答教师的问话时态度近乎粗鲁.

border1
* Our task borders on the impossible. 我们的任务几乎是不可能完成的. borderer n person who lives near a border, esp that between England and Scotland 边界地带的居民（尤指英格兰与苏格兰之间的）. 复合： `borderland[-lnd; -7lAnd] n 1 [C] district on either side of a border or boundary 边疆. 2 [sing] (fig 比喻) intermediate state or condition 中间状态或情况: * the borderland between sleeping and waking 睡与醒之间的状态; 半睡半醒. `borderline n line that marks a border 边界线; 国境线; 分界线: (fig 比喻) The borderline between informal language and slang is hard to define. 口语和俚语之间的分界线是很难确定的. adj between two different groups or categories 介乎两种组别或类型之间的: a borderline case 难以确定的两可情况 * a borderline candidate, ie sb who may or may not pass an examination, be suitable for a job, etc 边缘人物（可能及格也可能不及格的考生, 可能胜任也可能不胜任工作等的候选人） * a borderline pass/failure (in an examination) （考试）在及格与不及格两可的情况下及格[不及格]. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Border and frontier refer to the dividing line between two countries or states or the land near that line. *border和frontier均指两国之间的边界线或边界地区. Border is more often used when there is a natural division such as a river 有天然分界线（如河流）时多用border: the border/frontier between Spain and Portugal 西班牙和葡萄牙之间的边界 * the Italian border/frontier 意大利的边界 * The Rio Grande marks the border between Mexico and the USA. 里奥格兰德河是墨西哥和美国之间的界河. * border/frontier villages 边界地区的村庄. Frontier is used of an inhabited region close to wild, unsettled territory, especially in North America in the early days of white settlement. *frontier用於指接近荒野的、 无人烟的居民区, 尤指於北美白人定居的初期. Frontier is used figuratively, whereas border is not *frontier可作比喻用词, 而border不作比喻用词: the frontiers of knowledge, science, etc 知识、 科学等有待开发的领域. A boundary is a precise line marking the outer limits of an area *boundary是指标明一区域外缘的明确界线: The lane is the boundary of our land. 那条小路就是我们这片地的界线. Boundary is used with administrative areas smaller than a state or country *boundary用於指行政区域, 范围比国家小: the county, parish, etc boundary 郡、 牧区等的地界.

bore
1[bC:(r); bCr] v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] make (a hole, well, tunnel, etc) with a revolving tool or by digging 挖, 掘, 钻, 开凿（洞、 井、 隧道等）: * This drill can bore through rock. 这台钻机能钻透岩石. * bore a hole in wood 在木头上钻个洞 * bore a tunnel through a mountain 开凿穿山隧道. 2 [Ipr, Ip, Tn.pr, Tn.p] move by burrowing 掘进: * The mole bored (its way) underground. 鼹鼠在地下挖掘（路）. 派生： bore n 1 (also `borehole) deep hole made in the ground (esp to find water or oil) 打进地下的深洞（尤指为寻找水或石油的）; 井眼. 2 (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) (diameter of the) hollow part inside a gun barrel 枪膛, 炮膛（的口径）: a twelve-bore shotgun 十二口径滑膛枪 * small-bore guns 小口径枪.

boric
[5bC:rik; 5bCrik] adj of or containing boron 硼的; 含硼的. 复合： ,boric `acid (also boracic acid/bE7rsik 'sid; bE7rAsik 'Asid] ) substance derived from borax and used as an antiseptic 硼酸.

born
[bC:n; bCrn] v (used only in the passive without by 仅用於被动语态, 不与by连用) 1 be born come into the world by birth 出生; 出世: * She was born in 1950. 她生於1950年. * (fig 比喻) The Trades Union movement was born (ie founded) in the early years of the century. 工会运动创始於本世纪初. * He was born (ie destined from birth) to be a great writer. 他生下来就注定是个伟大的作家. =>Usage at bear2 用法见bear2. 2 (idm 习语) (not) be born `yesterday (not) be foolish or likely to be deceived because of lack of experience （并非）无知: * You can't fool me; I wasn't born yesterday, you know. 你骗不了我; 你要知道, 我不是叁岁的孩子. be/be born/be made that way => way1. ,born and `bred born, brought up and educated (in a specified place or manner) （在某处或以某种方式）出生、 成长及受教育: * He's London born and bred. 他是在伦敦长大的. * She was born and bred a Catholic. 她一出生就受到天主教的熏陶. born in the purple born in a royal or very aristocratic family 生於王室或显贵的家庭. born of sb/sth owing one's existence to sb/sth; originating from sth 由於某人[某事物]而得以存在; 来源於某事物: * He was born of German parents. 他的父母是德国人. * Her socialist beliefs were born of a hatred of injustice. 她的社会主义信念来自她对社会上不公平现象的痛恨. born on the wrong side of the blanket (euph 婉) illegitimate 私生. born with a silver `spoon in one's mouth (saying 谚) having wealthy parents 生於富贵之家. in all one's born `days (infml 口) in one's whole life 一生; 平生: * I've never heard such nonsense in all my born days! 我一生中从未听到过这种胡言乱语! there's one born every `minute (saying 谚) there are a lot of gullible people 总会有人上当的. to the manner born => manner. 派生： born adj [attrib 作定语] having a specific natural quality or ability 天生的: be a born leader, loser, writer, athlete, etc 天生的领袖、 庸才、 作家、 运动员等.

born1
-born (forming compound ns and adjs 用以构成复合名词和形容词) having a specific order, status or place of birth 按某排行、 有某身分或於某地出生的: first-born * nobly-born * French-born. 复合： ,born-a`gain adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] having been converted, esp to evangelical Christianity 重生的, 皈依的（尤指皈依福音派基督教）: a ,born-again `Christian 重生的基督徒.

borne
pp of bear2. =>Usage at bear2 用法见bear2.

boron
[5bC:rCn; 5bCran] n [U] non-metallic chemical element used in metal working and in nuclear reactors 硼. =>App 10 见附录10.

borough
[5bQrE; - -rEu; 5bQro] n 1 (Brit) (a) town or district with a corporation and certain rights of self-government granted by royal charter （享有特权的）自治城镇, 自治市. (b) any of the administrative areas of Greater London （大伦敦的）行政区（之一）. Cf 参看 parish 2. 2 (US) (a) any of the five administrative areas of New York City （纽约城的五个）行政区（之一）. (b) (in some states) town with a legal corporation （某些州）有法定自治机关的城镇.

borrow
[5bCrEu; 5baro] v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (from sb/sth) 1 receive or obtain (sth) temporarily (from sb/sth), with the promise or intention of returning it （向某人[从某处]）借（某物）: * borrow (money) from the bank, a friend 向银行、 朋友借（钱） * I've forgotten my pen. Could I borrow yours? 我忘了带笔. 可以借用一下你的吗? * borrow a book from the library 向图书馆借书. Cf 参看 lend. 2 (a) take and use (sth) as one's own; copy (sth) 将别人的（某物）当作自己的来使用; 抄袭（某事物）: * borrow freely from other writers 肆意抄袭其他作者的作品 * borrow sb's ideas, methods 采用某人的想法、 方法 * Handel borrowed music from other composers. 韩德尔的作品借鉴了其他作曲家的乐曲. (b) (of a language) adopt (a word or phrase) from another language （指某语言）借用（另一种语言的词语）: * The expression `nouveau riche' is borrowed from French. `nouveau riche'（暴发户）这个词是从法语借来的. 3 (idm 习语) (be living on) borrowed time period of time for which one continues living after an illness or a crisis which might have caused one to die （大难未死）继续活着的一段时间. 派生： borrower n person who borrows 借东西的人. Cf 参看 lender (lend). borrowing n thing borrowed, esp a word adopted by one language from another 借用的事物; （尤指）借词: The company will soon be able to repay its borrowings from the bank. 这家公司不久就能偿还所借的银行贷款. * English has many borrowings from French. 英语中有许多词是从法语借来的.

Borstal
[5bC:stl; 5bCrstEl] n [C, U] institution for reforming young offenders 青少年管教所: * be sent to Borstal 被送到青少年管教所. Cf 参看 approvedschool (approve), reformatory.

bortsch
(also borsch)[bC:F; bCrF] n [U] Russian or Polish soup made with beetroot and cabbage and served hot or cold 罗宋汤.

borzoi
[5bC:zCi; 5bCrzCi] n type of large dog with long hair and a silky coat; Russian wolfhound 俄国狼狗（有丝光长毛的一种大狗）.

bosh
[bCF; baF] n [U], interj (infml 口) nonsense 废话; 胡说: * You're talking bosh! 你胡说八道! bo'sn, bos'n

boss
eyed

botany
[5bCtEni; 5batni] n [U] scientific study of plants and their structure 植物学. Cf 参看 biology, zoology. 派生： botanical/bE'tnikl; bE'tAnikl] adj of or relating to botany 植物学的; 与植物学有关的. bo,tanical `gardens park where plants and trees are grown for scientific study 植物园. botanist[5bCtEnist; 5batnist] n expert in botany 植物学家. botanize, -ise[5bCtEnaiz; 5batn7aiz] v [I] study and collect wild plants 研究、 采集野生植物.

botch
[bCtF; batF] v [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) spoil sth by poor or clumsy work; repair sth badly （笨手笨脚地）弄坏某事物; 把某物修理得很糟: * a botched job, ie a piece of work that is done badly 笨活儿 * The actor botched (ie forgot or stumbled over) his lines. 那演员把台词念糟了. * The mechanic tried to repair my car, but he really botched it up. 那个技工想把我的汽车修好, 可是他一修更糟了. 派生： botch (also botch-up) n piece of badly done work 粗制滥造的活儿: make a botch of sth 把某事物办糟了. botcher n person who botches work 笨手笨脚的人.

both
1[bEuW; boW] adj 1 (with pl ns; the n may be preceded by a def art, a demons det or a possess det 与复数名词连用, 名词前可有定冠词、 指示限定词或所有格限定词) the two; the one as well as the other 二者; 两者都: * hold sth in both hands 双手拿着某物 * Both books/Both the books/Both these books are expensive. 这两本书都很贵. * He is blind in both eyes. 他双目失明. * There are shops on both sides of the street. 街道两边都有商店. * Both (her) children are at university. （她的）两个孩子都在上大学. 2 (idm 习语) have/want it/things `both ways (try to) combine two ways of thinking or behaving, satisfy two demands, obtain two results, etc which are, or might be thought to be, exclusive of each other 二者得兼: * You can't have it both ways, ie You must decide on one thing or the other. 二者不可得兼（须选择其一）. =>Usage at all1 用法见all1.

bother
[5bCTE(r); 5baTl] v 1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.t] ~ sb (about/with sth) cause trouble or annoyance to sb; pester sb 打扰或烦扰某人; 给某人添麻烦: * I'm sorry to bother you, but could you tell me the way to the station? 对不起打扰一下, 请问去车站怎麽走? * Does the pain from your operation bother you much? 你手术後疼得很难受吗? * Does my smoking bother you? 我吸烟会不会影响你? * Don't bother your father (about it) now; he's very tired. 现在别（拿这个）去打搅你父亲, 他很累了. * He's always bothering me to lend him money. 他老是闹着要我借给他钱. (b) [Tn] worry (sb) 使（某人）不安: * What's bothering you? 你愁什麽呢? * Don't let his criticisms bother you. 别因为他批评你而感到烦恼. * The problem has been bothering me for weeks. 那问题已经困扰了我几个星期. * It bothers me that he can be so insensitive. 他这样麻木不仁, 我心里很不痛快. 2 (a) [I, Tt] take the time or trouble (to do sth) （为做某事物）费工夫, 添麻烦: * `Shall I help you with the washing up?’ `Don't bother I'll do it later.’ ‘要不要我帮你洗碗碟?’‘不用麻烦了--我待一会儿洗.’ * He didn't even bother to say thank you. 他甚至连说一声谢谢都不肯. (b) [Ipr] ~ about sb/sth concern oneself about sb/sth 关心某人[某事物]: * Don't bother about us we'll join you later. 别惦记我们--我们不久就和你们在一起了. 3 [Tn] (used in the imperative to express annoyance at sth 用於祈使句, 表示对某事物厌烦): * Bother this car! It's always breaking down. 这辆汽车真讨厌! 老抛锚. 4 (idm 习语) bother oneself/one's head about sth be anxious or concerned about sth 为某事物焦虑或操心. can't be bothered (to do sth) not do sth because one considers it to be too much trouble 嫌麻烦而不为; 偷懒: * The grass needs cutting but I can't be bothered to do it today. 草得剪一剪了, 但我今天却懒得去做. * He could produce excellent work but usually he can't be bothered. 他其实可以把工作做好, 可他往往嫌费事而不干. hot and bothered => hot.

bother1
派生： bother n 1 [U] trouble; inconvenience 麻烦; 不便: a spot of bother 不便之处 * Did you have much bother finding the house? 你找到这所房子费劲吗? * `Thanks for your help!’ `It was no bother.’ ‘谢谢你的帮助!’ ‘没什麽.’ * I'm sorry to have put you to all this bother, ie to have caused you so much inconvenience. 真抱歉给你添了这麽多的麻烦. 2 a bother [sing] annoying thing; nuisance 恼人的事物; 讨厌的事物: What a bother! We've missed the bus. 真恼人! 我们误了公共汽车. bother interj (used to express annoyance 用以表示烦恼 ): Oh bother! I've left my money at home. 真讨厌! 我把钱落在家里了. botheration[7bCTE'reiFn; 7baTE'reFEn] interj (infml 口) = bother interj. bothersome[-sEm; -sEm] adj causing bother; annoying 引起麻烦的; 令人厌烦的.

bottle
[5bCtl; 5batl] n 1 [C] (a) glass or plastic container, usu with a narrow neck, used for storing liquids 瓶子: * a `wine bottle 酒瓶 * a `milk bottle 奶瓶 * Come to my party on Saturday -- and remember to bring a bottle, ie of alcoholic drink. 你来参加我们星期六的聚会吧--还有, 别忘了带瓶酒来. =>illus 见插图. (b) amount contained in a bottle 一瓶的量: * We drank a (whole) bottle of wine between us. 我们俩喝了一（整）瓶酒. 2 the bottle [sing] (euph 婉) alcoholic drink 酒精饮料; 酒: * She's a bit too fond of the bottle. 她有点太爱喝酒了. 3 [C usu sing 通常作单数] baby's feeding bottle or milk from this (used instead of mother's milk) 婴儿奶瓶; 奶瓶装的奶（用以代替母乳）: * brought up on the bottle 牛奶喂大的 * give a baby its bottle 给婴儿喂牛奶. 4 [U] (Brit sl 俚) courage; impudence 勇气; 卤莽: * He's got (a lot of) bottle! 他真是个（大）冒失鬼! 5 (idm 习语) be on the `bottle (infml 口) be an alcoholic 是个酒徒: * He was on the bottle for five years. 他酗酒已五年. hit the bottle => hit1. 派生： bottle v 1 [Tn] (a) put (sth) into bottles 将（某物）装入瓶中: bottled beer 瓶装啤酒. (b) preserve (sth) by storing in glass jars 将（某物）盛入玻璃罐中贮存: Do you bottle your fruit or freeze it? 你是把水果装在罐里保存呢, 还是冷冻起来保存? 2 (phr v) bottle sth up not allow (emotions) to be seen; restrain or suppress (feelings) 掩盖（情绪）; 抑制（感情）: Instead of discussing their problems, they bottle up all their anger and resentment. 他们不是把问题提出来讨论, 而是把怒气和怨愤憋在肚子里. 复合： `bottle bank large container in which empty bottles are placed so that the glass can be reused 贮瓶箱（放置回收空瓶的容器, 以备再生产使用）. `bottle-feed v [Tn] feed (a baby) with a bottle 用奶瓶喂（婴儿）: Were you bottle-fed or breast-fed as a child? 你是吃牛奶长大的呢, 还是吃母奶长大的?

bottle1
`bottle-green adj dark green 深绿色的. `bottle-neck n (a) narrow or restricted stretch of road which causes traffic to slow down or stop 瓶颈路段（道路的狭窄或受限制的部分, 交通易受阻）. (b) anything that slows down production in a manufacturing process, etc （影响生产效率的）障碍. `bottle-opener n metal device for opening bottles of beer, etc 开瓶器. `bottle-party n party to which each guest brings a bottle of wine, etc 赴宴者各携一瓶酒等的聚会.

bottom
[5bCtEm; 5batEm] n 1 [C usu sing 通常作单数] lowest part or point of sth 物体最低的部分或最低点: * the bottom of a hill, mountain, slope, valley, etc 丘、 山、 坡、 谷等的底部 * The telephone is at the bottom of the stairs. 电话在楼梯下面. * There are tea leaves in the bottom of my cup. 我的杯底有茶叶. * The book I want is (right) at the bottom of the pile. 我要的那本书（就）在这堆书底下. * Sign your name at the bottom of the page, please. 请在这一页的下方签上你的名字. 2 [C usu sing 通常作单数] part on which sth rests; underside 物体最低的部位; 底面: * The manufacturer's name is on the bottom of the plate. 制造厂商的名称在盘子背面. 3 [C] part of the body on which one sits; buttocks 臀部; 屁股: * fall on one's bottom 摔倒时屁股着地 * smack a child's bottom 打孩子的屁股. 4 [sing] farthest part or point (of sth); far end (of sth) 最远的部分; 最远点: * There's a pub at the bottom of the road. 路的尽头有一家酒馆. * The tool shed is at the bottom of the garden, ie at the end farthest from the house. 工具房在花园的尽里头. 5 [sing] (person or group in the) lowest position in a class, list, etc （处於等级、 名单等）最低位置（的人或团体）: * He was always bottom of the class in maths. 他的数学成绩在班上总是垫底. * Our team came/was bottom of the league last season. 我们队在上季度的联赛中排名最後. * She started at the bottom and worked her way up to become manager of the company. 她从最低的位置干起, 通过努力终於当上了公司的经理. 6 [sing] ground under a sea, lake or river （海洋、 湖泊或河流的）底: * The water is very deep here, I can't touch (the) bottom. 这儿水很深, 我摸不着底. * The `Titanic' went to the bottom, ie sank. ‘提坦’号客轮沉入海底了. 7 [C] ship's hull; keel 船身; （船的）龙骨. 8 [C usu pl 通常作复数] lower part of a two-piece garment （两件一套的服装的）下件:

bottom1
* pyjama bottoms 睡裤 * track suit bottoms 运动裤. 9 [U] lowest gear 最低挡: * drive up a steep hill in bottom 用低挡驶上陡峭的山. 10 (idm 习语) at bottom in reality; really; basically 其实; 实际上; 基本上: * He seems aggressive but at bottom he is kind and good-natured. 他表面上好与人争, 而实际上却很善良厚道. be at the bottom of sth be the basic cause or originator of sth 是某事物的起因或根源: * Who is at the bottom of these rumours? 谁是这些谣言的制造者? the bottom (of sth) falls out collapse occurs 崩溃: * The bottom has fallen out of the market, ie Trade has dropped to a very low level. 市场崩溃了（生意很萧条）. * The bottom fell out of his world (ie His life lost its meaning) when his wife died. 他妻子死时, 他的世界陷於崩溃（他的生活失去了意义）. bottoms `up! (infml 口) (said as a toast to tell people to finish their drinks 祝酒时请人乾杯的用语). from the bottom of one's `heart with deep feeling; truly; sincerely 深情地; 忠实地; 诚恳地: * love sb, congratulate sb, regret sth from the bottom of one's heart 由衷地爱某人、 祝贺某人、 惋惜某事物. from top to bottom => top1. get to the bottom of sth find out the real cause of sth or the truth about sth 弄清某事物的真正原因或真相: * We must get to the bottom of this mystery. 我们一定要彻底解开这个谜. knock the bottom out of sth => knock2. smooth as a baby's bottom => smooth1. touch bottom => touch2. 派生： bottom adj [attrib 作定语] 1 in the lowest or last position 最低的; 最後的: the bottom line (on a page) （一页的）最末一行 * the bottom rung (of a ladder) （梯子的）最下一级 * the bottom step (of a flight of stairs) （一段阶梯的）最下一级 * Put your books on the bottom shelf. 把你的书放在最下层的架子上. * go up a hill in bottom gear 用低挡上山. 2 (idm 习语) bet one's bottom dollar => bet.

bottom2
bottom v (phr v) bottom out (commerce 商) (of prices, shares, etc) reach the lowest level （指物价、 股票价格等）跌落最低水平: There is no sign that the recession has bottomed out yet. 没有迹象表明萧条已经到了极点. bottomless adj 1 very deep 极深的: a bottomless pit, gorge, etc 无底的深坑、 峡谷等. 2 (fig 比喻) unlimited; inexhaustible 无限的; 无穷尽的: bottomless reserves of energy 取之不尽的能源. bottommost[5bCtEmmEust; 5batEm7most] adj [attrib 作定语] lowest 最低的: * the bottommost depths of the sea 海洋的最深处. 复合： ,bottom `drawer (US `hope chest) store of clothes, linen, cutlery, etc collected by a woman in preparation for marriage 嫁妆. ,bottom `line (infml 口) deciding or crucial factor; essential point (in an argument, etc) 决定性因素; （论辩等的）基本论点: If you don't make a profit you go out of business: that's the bottom line. 不盈利, 就停业: 根本问题就在这里.

botulism
[5bCtjulizEm; 5batFE7lizEm] n [U] type of severe food poisoning caused by bacteria in badly preserved food 肉毒中毒（由变质的腌制食品引起的一种严重的细菌性食物中毒）.

boudoir
[5bu:dwa:(r); bu'dwar] n (esp formerly) woman's bedroom or private sitting-room （尤指旧时）闺房.

bouffant
[5bu:fa:n; bu'fant] adj (of a hair-style) made to appear puffed out by being combed back towards the roots （指发型）鼓起的, 蓬松的: * a ,bouffant `hair-do 蓬松的发式.

bougainvillaea
[7bu:gEn'viliE; 7bugEn'viliE] n tropical climbing shrub with large red or purple bracts 叶子花, 九重葛（热带蔓生灌木, 苞片大, 呈红色或紫色）.

bough
[bau; bau] n any of the main branches of a tree （树的）主枝.

bought
pt, pp of buy.

bouillon
[5bu:jCn; 5bujan] n [U] thin clear soup or broth; stock1 (9) 肉汁清汤; 肉汤.

boulder
[5bEuldE(r); 5boldl] n large rock worn and shaped by water or the weather （经风雨或水侵蚀而成的）巨石.

boulevard
[5bu:lEva:d; - 'bul-;'bulE7vard] n 1 wide city street, often with trees on each side 大街（两旁常植有树木的）; 林荫大道. 2 (US) broad main road 干路; 大道.

bounce
[5bauns; bauns] v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] (cause sth to) spring back when sent against sth hard （使某物）（ 到硬物）弹回: * A rubber ball bounces well. 橡皮球弹力好. * The ball bounced over the wall. 那球弹过墙去了. * The goalkeeper bounced the ball twice before kicking it. 守门员先把球拍了两下, 然後一脚踢出. * She bounced the ball against the wall. 她把球掷到墙上让它弹回. 2 [I, Ip, Tn] (cause sb to) move up and down in a lively manner (in the specified direction) （使某人）活跃地上下跳动: * The child bounced (up and down) on the bed. 那孩子在床上蹦蹦跳跳. * He bounced his baby on his knee. 他把婴儿放在膝上颠着玩. =>Usage at jump2 用法见 jump2. 3 [I] (infml 口) (of a cheque) be sent back by a bank as worthless (because there is no money in the account) （指支票）遭银行退票（因帐户中无钱）: * I hope this cheque doesn't bounce. 我希望这张支票别遭退票. Cf 参看 dishonour v 2. 4 (phr v) bounce along, down, into, etc move in the specified direction with an up and down motion 以上上下下的动作沿某方向移动: * He came bouncing into the room. 他蹦蹦跳跳地进了房间. * The car bounced along the bumpy mountain road. 汽车在崎岖的山路上颠簸行驶. bounce back (infml 口) recover well after a setback 受挫折後恢复原状: * Share prices bounced back this morning. 股票价格今晨回升了. * She's had many misfortunes in her life but she always bounces back. 她一生中经历过许多挫折,然而总是能重新振作起来. 派生： bounce n 1 [C] act of bouncing 弹跳: catch a ball on the bounce/first bounce, ie after it has bounced once 球弹起时[一弹起]就把它抓住. 2 [U] (a) ability to bounce 弹力. (b) (of a person) liveliness; vitality （指人）活力; 生气: She's got a lot of bounce. 她浑身都是劲儿. bouncer (also bumper) n 1 (in cricket) bowled ball that bounces high and forcefully （板球）反弹力大的高球: bowl sb a fast bouncer 向某人投掷反弹力大的快速高球.

bounce1
2 (infml 口) person employed by a club, restaurant, etc to throw out trouble-makers （俱乐部, 饭店等雇用的）驱逐捣乱者的人. bouncing adj ~ (with sth) strong and healthy 健壮的; 强健的: a bouncing baby 健壮的婴儿 * He was bouncing with energy. 他身强力壮. bouncy adj (-ier, -iest) 1 (of a ball) able to bounce （指球）有弹性的. 2 (of a person) lively （指人）活跃的.

bound
1[baund; baund] v [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] form the boundary of (sth); limit 形成（某事物）的界线; 限制: * Germany is bounded on the west by France and on the south by Switzerland. 德国西面与法国接壤, 南与瑞士为邻. * The airfield is bounded by woods on all sides. 飞机场的四周都是树林.

boundary
[5baundri; 5baundri] n 1 line that marks a limit; dividing line 界限; 分界线: * The fence marks the boundary between my land and hers. 这道栅栏是我的地和她的地的分界线. * The ball was caught by a fielder standing just inside the boundary. 那球被正站在边界线内的守场员接住了. * (fig 比喻) Scientists continue to push back the boundaries of knowledge. 科学家不断地把知识领域的边缘向外扩展. =>Usage at border 用法见border. 2 (in cricket) hit to or over the boundary, scoring 4 or 6 runs （板球）击至或击过边线（可得4分或6分）: * He scored 26 runs, all in boundaries. 他得了26分, 都是打边线球获得的.

bounden
[5baundEn; 5baundEn] adj (idm 习语) one's bounden `duty (fml 文) duty dictated by one's conscience 本分.

bounder
[5baundE(r); 5baundl] n (dated Brit infml derog 旧, 口, 贬) man whose behaviour is morally unacceptable 不道德的人.

boundless
[5baundlis; 5baundlis] adj without limits 无限的: * boundless generosity, enthusiasm 无比的慷慨、 热情. > boundlessly adv.

bounteous
[5bauntiEs; 5bauntiEs] adj (dated or rhet 旧 或修辞) 1 (of a person) generous （指人）慷慨的. 2 freely given; plentiful 丰富的; 充裕的: * God's bounteous blessings. 上帝的慷慨赐福. > bounteously adv. bounteousness n [U].

bountiful
[5bauntifl; 5bauntEfEl] adj (dated 旧) 1 giving generously 慷慨给予的. 2 abundant 丰富的; 充裕的: * a bountiful supply of food 充足的食物供应. > bountifully[5bauntifEli; 5bauntEfli] adv.

bounty
[5baunti; 5baunti] n 1 [U] (dated 旧) generosity in giving; liberality 慷慨; 大方: * a monarch famous for his bounty 以好施而闻名的君主. 2 [C] (dated 旧) generous gift 慷慨馈赠的礼物. 3 [C] reward or payment offered (usu by a government) to encourage sb to do sth (eg to increase production of goods) 奖金（通常由政府提供, 以鼓励某人作某事, 如提高产量）.

bouquet
[bu'kei; bu'ke] n 1 bunch of flowers for carrying in the hand (often presented as a gift) 花束（常用作礼物）: * a bride's bouquet 新娘的花束 * The soloist received a huge bouquet of roses. 独唱者得到了很大的一束玫瑰花. 2 (fig 比喻) expression of praise; com-pliment 称赞; 恭维. 3 characteristic aroma of a wine or liqueur 酒的芳香: * This brandy has a fine bouquet. 这种白兰地酒芳香扑鼻. 复合： bouquet garni[7bu:kei 'ga:ni:; bu'ke ga'ni] bunch of herbs used for flavouring soups, stews, etc 香料束（捆成束的香料, 作汤、 炖菜等的作料）.

bourbon
[5bE:bEn; 5bEbEn] n (a) [U] type of whisky distilled in the US chiefly from maize 波旁威士忌（产於美国, 多酿自玉米）. (b) [C] glass of this 一杯波旁威士忌酒.

bourgeois
[5bC:Vwa:; - 7buEr'Vwa:; bur'Vwa] adj 1 of or relating to the property-owning middle class 中产阶级的; 关於中产阶级的. 2 (derog 贬) (a) concerned with material possessions and social status 耽於名利的: * They've become very bourgeois since they got married. 他们结婚以後就一味追求物质享受和社会地位了. (b) conventionally respectable; conservative 清高的; 保守的: * bourgeois tastes, attitudes, ideas, etc 高雅的趣味、 风度、 思想等. (c) unimaginative; philistine 缺乏想像力的; 平庸的. 3 (in Marxist thought) of or relating to the bourgeoisie(2); capitalist （马克思学说中）资产阶级的, 关於资产阶级的, 资本家的, 资本主义的. 派生： bourgeois n (pl unchanged 复数不变) [C] (usu derog 通常作贬义) bourgeois person 中产阶级分子; 耽於名利的人; 清高的人; 平庸的人; 资产阶级分子. bourgeoisie[7buEVwa:'zi:, 7buEVwa:'zi:; 7burVwa'zi] n [Gp] (usu derog 通常作贬义) 1 middle classes, esp those owning property 中产阶级: * the rise of the bourgeoisie in the 19th century 19世纪中产阶级的兴起. 2 (in Marxist thought) capitalist ruling class that exploits the working class （马克思学说中）居於统治地位的资产阶级（剥削工人阶级者）. Cf 参看 proletariat.

bourse
[buEs; burs] n European stock exchange, esp (the Bourse) the one in Paris 欧洲证券交易所; （尤指）巴黎证券交易所.

bout
[baut; baut] n 1 ~ (of sth/doing sth) (a) short period of a specified activity 一回; 一次; 一阵: * a `drinking-bout 一次宴饮 * She has bouts of hard work followed by long periods of inactivity. 她总是努力干上一阵, 然後一待就是很长时间. (b) attack (of an illness) （指疾病）侵袭, 发作: * a bout of flu, bronchitis, rheumatism, etc 流感、 支气管炎、 风湿病等的侵袭 * He suffers from frequent bouts of depression. 他患多发性抑郁症. 2 boxing or wrestling contest 拳击或摔跤比赛.

boutique
[bu:'ti:k; bu'tik] n small shop selling clothes and other articles of the latest fashion 精品店（经销时装及时髦用品的小商店）.

bovine
[5bEuvain; 5bovain] adj 1 (fml 文) of or relating to cattle 牛的; 关於牛的. 2 (derog 贬) dull and stupid 迟钝的; 笨拙的: * a bovine expression, character, mentality 鲁钝的表情、 性情、 头脑 * bovine stupidity 像牛一样的笨拙.

bow
wow

bowdlerize, bowdlerise
[5baudlEraiz; 5baudlE7raiz] v [Tn] (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) remove words or scenes considered indecent from (a book, play, etc); expurgate; censor 删除（书刊、 剧本等中）有伤风化的词语或场面;删去; 删改. > bowdlerization, -isation[7baudlErai-'zeiFn; - -ri5z-; 7baudlErE'zeFEn] n [C, U].

bowel
[5bauEl; 5bauEl] n (usu pl, except in medical use and when used attributively 除用作医学名词及修饰语外, 通常作复数) 1 part of the alimentary canal below the stomach; intestine 肠: * [attrib 作定语] a bowel complaint/disorder 腹泻[肠道疾患] * cancer of the bowel 肠癌 * move one's bowels, ie defecate 大便（通便）. 2 deepest or innermost part (of a place) （某处的）最深的或最靠里面的部分: * in the bowels of the earth, ie deep underground 在地下深处. 复合： `bowel movement (a) discharge of waste matter from the bowels 排便. (b) waste matter discharged; faeces 粪便; 大便.

bower
[5bauE(r); 5baul] n 1 (a) shady place under trees or climbing-plants in a wood or garden; arbour （树林或花园中的）荫凉处; 凉棚. (b) summer-house 凉亭. 2 (dated 旧) lady's bedroom; boudoir （女子的）卧室; 闺房. 复合： `bower-bird n type of Australian bird of paradise 造园鸟（产於澳大利亚）.

bowl
1[bEul; bol] n 1 (a) (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) deep round dish, used esp for holding food or liquid 碗; : * a sugar bowl 糖 * a fruit bowl 果盘 * a washing-up bowl 洗涤盆. (b) amount contained in a bowl 一碗的量: * a bowl of soup, cereal, porridge, etc 一碗汤、 谷类食品、 麦片粥等. =>illus at bucket, plate 见bucket、plate之插图. 2 hollow rounded part of certain objects （物体的）圆形凹陷部分: * the bowl of a spoon 匙子的凹处 * a lavatory bowl 便池 * He filled the bowl of his pipe with tobacco. 他往烟斗里装烟丝. 3 (esp US) amphitheatre (for open-air concerts, etc) （供音乐会等用的）圆形露天剧场: * the Hollywood Bowl 好莱坞圆形露天剧场.

bowler
1[5bEulE(r); 5boll] n 1 person who bowls in cricket （板球）投球手: * a fast, slow, etc bowler 投球快、 慢等的投球手 * a left-arm spin bowler 投左手旋转球的投球手. =>illus at cricket 见cricket之插图. 2 person who plays bowls 玩滚木球戏的人.

bowline
[5bEulin; 5bolin] n (also `bowline knot) knot forming a secure loop at the end of a rope, used by sailors, climbers, etc 单套结（水手、 攀登者等打的一种结实的结）.

bowling
[5bEuliN; 5boliN] n [U] 1 any of various games (eg skittles, ten-pin bowling) in which heavy balls are rolled along a special track towards a group of wooden pins 地滚球戏（使用重球沿轨道朝木柱滚动的各种游戏, 如撞柱戏、 十柱保龄球戏）: * a bowling match 保龄球比赛. 2 the game of bowls 滚木球戏. 3 (in cricket) sending the ball from the hand towards the batsman （板球）朝击球员方向投球: * a good piece of bowling 投一个好球. 复合： `bowling-alley n (a) long narrow track along which balls are rolled in bowling or skittles （保龄球戏或撞柱戏的狭长的）球道. (b) building containing several of these 地滚球场. `bowling-green n area of grass cut short for playing bowls on 草地滚木球场.

bowsprit
[5bEusprit; 5bo7sprit] n long pole projecting from the front of a ship, to which the ropes supporting the sails are fasten 船首斜桅.

box
1[bCks; baks] n 1 [C] (a) (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) container made of wood, cardboard, metal, etc with a flat base and usu a lid, for holding solids 盒; 匣; 箱: * a tool-box * a money-box * a shoe box * a cigar box * She packed her books in cardboard boxes. 她把书装进纸箱里. (b) box with its contents 盒或箱及其盛物: * a box of chocolates, matches, cigars 一盒巧克力、 火柴、 雪茄烟. 2 [C] (a) separate compartment or enclosed area, eg for a group of people in a theatre, stadium, etc, for witnesses in a lawcourt, or for a horse in a stable 分离的隔间或围着的区域（如戏院的包厢、 运动场的分区看台、 法庭的证人席、 马厩中的隔栏）: * reserve a box at the theatre 预订戏院的一个包厢 * the witness box 证人席 * a horse-box 马栏. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page ix. (b) small hut or shelter for a specific purpose （为某目的而设的）小亭, 岗亭: * a sentry-box 哨亭 * a signal-box 信号所 * a telephone-box 电话间. 3 [C] (in cricket) rounded plastic shield worn by batsmen and wicket-keepers to protect the genitals （板球）护身（击球员和守门员为防止生殖器受伤而戴的圆形塑料护罩）. 4 the box [sing] (Brit infml 口) television 电视: * What's on the box tonight? 今晚电视上有什麽节目? 5 [C] = box number. 派生： box v 1 [Tn] put (sth) into a box 将（某物）装入盒或箱中: a boxed set of records 盒装的一套唱片. 2 (phr v) box sb/sth in prevent (a runner, horse, car, etc) from moving freely (esp in a race) 妨碍（赛跑者、 马、 汽车等）自由行动（尤於比赛中）: One of the runners got boxed in on the final bend. 一个赛跑者在转最後一弯时被人挡住了. box sb/sth in/up shut sb/sth in a small space 将某人[某物]禁锢在狭小的空间里: He feels boxed in, living in that tiny flat. 他身居斗室, 感到很不自在. * She hates being boxed up in an office all day. 她讨厌整天关在办公室里.

box1
boxful n full box (of sth) （某物的）整盒, 整箱: a boxful of books, clothes, toys 一整箱书、 衣服、 玩具. 复合： `boxcar n (US) enclosed railway goods van （火车的）载货车厢. `box junction (Brit) area of road where two roads cross, marked with a criss-cross pattern of yellow stripes on which vehicles must not stop, designed to help the flow of traffic 路口黄格区（绘有黄色斜格的路口, 机动车不得停留其间以利交通疏导）. `box-kite n kite with an open box-like frame 箱形风筝（有开口的箱形框架）. box `lunch (US) light meal, usu of sandwiches and fruit, provided in a cardboard box or similar container 盒饭. `box number number given in newspaper advertisementsto which replies may be sent （报纸广告中为读者覆信而设的）信箱号码. `box-office n office at a theatre, cinema, etc where tickets are bought or reserved （戏院、 影院等的）售票处, 票房: [attrib 作定语] The film was a box-office success, ie It was financially successful because many people went to see it. 这部影片很卖座.

Boxing Day
[5bCksiN dei; 5baksiN7de] the first weekday after Christmas Day 节礼日（圣诞节之後的第一个周日）.

boy
1[bCi; bCi] n 1 [C] male child; son 男孩; 儿子: * The Joneses have two boys and a girl. 琼斯一家有两个男孩儿一个女孩儿. * His eldest boy is at university. 他的长子上大学了. 2 [C] young man; lad; youth 小伙子; 少年; 青年: * He lived in Edinburgh as a boy. 他年轻时住在爱丁堡. * A group of boys were playing football in the street. 一帮小伙子当时正在街上踢足球. * How many boys are there in your class at school? 你们班有多少男同学? 3 [C] (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) boy or young man who does a specified job 从事某种职业的男童或小伙子: * the paper-boy. 4 the boys [pl] (infml 口) group of men who are friends and go out together 哥儿们: * a night out with the boys, eg at a public house 与哥儿们在外泡了一夜（如在酒馆里） * He plays football with the boys on Saturday afternoons. 他星期六下午跟弟兄们踢足球. * He likes to feel that he's one of the boys. 他乐於把自己当成弟兄们的一分子. 5 [C] (derog offensive 贬, 蔑) (in some countries) male servant or labourer （某些国家的）男仆或男性劳工. 6 (idm 习语) back-room boys => back-room (back2). sb's blue-eyed boy => blue1. the boys in `blue (Brit infml 口) the police or a group of police officers 警方; 一群警察. ,boys ,will be `boys (saying 谚) young boys, and also sometimes grown men, occasionally behave in a childish way, and this may be excused 孩子总归是孩子（男孩子, 甚至有些成年男子, 偶尔现出孩子气, 可以谅解）. jobs for the boys => job1. man and boy => man. sort out the men from the boys => sort2. 派生： boyhood n [U, C usu sing 通常作单数] state or time of being a boy （男子的）童年, 少年时期: a happy, unhappy, lonely, etc boyhood （指男子）幸福的、 不幸的、 孤独的...童年时期 * [attrib 作定语] boyhood friends （指男子）童年时代的朋友们. boyish adj (often approv 常作褒义) of or like a boy 男孩子的; 男孩子般的: boyish ambitions, hopes, enthusiasm男孩子的志向、 愿望、 热情

boy1
* He/She has boyish good looks. 他长得稚气可爱[她长得像个好看的男孩儿]. 复合： `boy-friend n regular male companion of a girl or woman, with whom she is romantically or sexually involved 男朋友: She had lots of boy-friends before she got married. 她婚前有许多男朋友. Boy `Scout = scout 2.

boycott
[5bCikCt; 5bCi7kat] v [Tn] (a) (usu of a group of people) refuse to have social or commercial relations with (a person, company, country, etc) （通常指一群人）拒绝与（某人、 公司、 国家等）交往或通商. (b) refuse to handle or buy (goods); refuse to take part in (eg a meeting) 拒绝处理或购买（货物）; 拒绝参加（如会议）; 抵制: * boycotting foreign imports 抵制外国货物进口 * Athletes from several countries boycotted the Olympic Games. 有好几国的运动员抵制奥林匹克运动会. 派生： boycott n refusal to deal or trade with (a person, country, etc); refusal to handle (goods) （对与某人、 某国等交往或贸易的）抵制; （对处理货物的）抵制: place/put sth under a boycott 对某事物实行抵制.

BP
[7bi: 'pi:; 7bi 'pi] abbr 缩写 = British Petroleum 英国石油公司: * work for BP 为英国石油公司工作.

BPC
[7bi: pi: 'si:; 7bi pi 'si] abbr 缩写 = (esp on labels of chemical products) British Pharmaceutical Codex （尤用於化学产品标签）英国副药典.

BR
[7bi: 'a:(r); 7bi 'ar] abbr 缩写 = British Rail 英国铁路公司: * BR's Southern Region services 英国铁路公司南部地区服务段.

bra
[bra:; bra] n = brassiere.

brace
1[breis; bres] n 1 [C] device that clamps things together or holds and supports them in position 夹具; 支架; 支撑之物. Cf 参看 bit2 2. 2 [C] wire device worn inside the mouth (esp by children) for straightening the teeth 牙箍（矫正牙齿的钢丝套, 尤为儿童所用）: * My daughter has to wear a brace on her teeth. 我的女儿得戴牙箍以矫正牙齿. 3 braces [pl] (US suspenders) straps for holding trousers up, fastened to the waistband at the front and the back and passing over the shoulders 吊裤带; 背带: * a pair of braces 一副背带. 4 [C] either of the two marks { and } used in printing or writing to show that words, etc between them are connected 大括号（｛｝之任何一边）. Cf 参看 bracket. 复合： ,brace and `bit hand tool for boring holes, with a revolving handle and a removable drill 手摇曲柄钻.

bracelet
[5breislit; 5breslit] n ornamental band worn on the wrist or arm 手镯; 臂镯.

bracken
[5brkEn; 5brAkEn] n [U] (a) large fern growing on hillsides and heathland 欧洲蕨（一种大的蕨类植物, 生长在山坡和荒原上）. (b) mass of such ferns 一簇欧洲蕨.

bracket
[5brkit; 5brAkit] n 1 (a) wooden or metal angle-shaped support fixed to or built into a wall to hold a shelf, etc 托架（木制或金属制, 固定在墙上以托住搁板等）. (b) support on a wall for a lamp 墙壁上的灯架. 2 (usu pl 通常作复数) (in printing or writing) any one of the marks used in pairs for enclosing words, figures, etc to separate them from what precedes or follows, eg () (round brackets or parentheses), [] (square brackets), > (angle brackets), {} (braces) （印刷或书写中）括号（如圆括号（）、 方括号［］、 尖括号＜＞、 大括号｛｝任何一对的一边）: * Put your name in brackets at the top of each page. 把你的名字填在每页上端的括号内. =>App 3 见附录3. 3 group or category within specified limits （有一定上下限的）分类, 档次: * be in the lower/higher income bracket 属於低[高]收入等级 * the 20-30 age bracket, ie those people between the ages of 20 and 30 20-30岁的年龄组. 派生： bracket v 1 [Tn] support (sth) with a bracket （用托架）支撑（某物）. 2 [Tn] (in printing or writing) enclose (words, figures, etc) in brackets (bracket 2) （印刷或书写中）把（词语、 数字等）置於括号中. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ A and B (together); ~ A with B group things or people in the same category (to suggest that they are similar, equal or connected in some way) 将事物或人置於同一范畴（以示相似、 相同或相关）: It's wrong to bracket him with the extremists in his party his views are very moderate. 把他跟他们党内的极端分子等同看待是不对的--他的观点其实很温和.

brackish
[5brkiF; 5brAkiF] adj (of water) slightly salty （指水）略咸的.

bract
[brkt; brAkt] n leaf-like and often brightly coloured part of a plant, growing below the flower (eg in bougainvillaea and poinsettia) 苞.

brad
[brd; brAd] n thin flat nail with no head or a very small head 角钉, 无头钉（无头或头很小的）.

bradawl
[5brdC:l; 5brAd7Cl] n small hand-tool with a sharp point for boring holes 小锥子.

brae
[brei; bre] n (Scot 苏格兰) steep slope; hillside 陡坡; 山坡.

brag
[brAg; brAg] v (-gg-) [I, Ipr, Tf] ~ (about/of sth) talk with too much pride (about sth); boast 吹嘘（某事物）; 自夸: * Stop bragging! 别吹牛! * He's been bragging about his new car. 他一直夸他的新汽车. * She bragged that she could run faster than me. 她夸口说她比我跑得快. 派生： brag n [U, C] boastful talk or statement 大话. braggart[5brgEt; 5brAglt] n person who brags 吹牛者; 说大话者.

brahmin
[5bra:min; 5bramin] (also brahman[-En;-En] ) n member of the highest or priestly Hinducaste 婆罗门（印度种姓制度中最高等级或僧侣阶级）.

braid
[breid; bred] n 1 [U] number of threads of silk, cotton, etc woven together in a narrow band for decorating clothes and material 穗带（由丝线、 棉线等编织而成, 用作衣物和料子的装饰）: * The general's uniform was trimmed with gold braid. 将官的制服饰有金色的穗带. 2 [C] (US) = plait 发辫; 辫子: * She wears her hair in braids. 她梳着辫子. =>illus at plait 见plait之插图. 派生： braid v [Tn] 1 decorate (clothes or material) with braid 用穗带装饰（衣物或料子）: She braided the neckline, hem and cuffs of the dress. 她用穗带装饰连衣裙的领口、 摺边和袖口. 2 (US) = plait 编成辫子: She braids her hair every morning. 她每天早晨都梳辫子.

Braille
[breil; brel] n [U] system of reading and writing for blind people, using raised dots to represent letters which can be read by touching them 盲文（供盲人阅读和书写用的凸点符号）.

brain
[brein; bren] n 1 [C] organ of the body that controls thought, memory and feeling, consisting of a mass of soft grey matter inside the head 脑: * a disease of the brain 脑部疾患 * The brain is the centre of the nervous system. 脑是神经系统的中枢. * [attrib 作定语] brain surgery 脑外科. 2 [U, C often pl 常作复数] mind or intellect; intelligence 头脑; 智力: * He has very little brain. 他没有什麽头脑. * She has an excellent brain. 她很有头脑. * You need brains to become a university professor. 当大学教授要有才智. * He has one of the best brains in the university. 他是这所大学里才智出众的人. 3 (a) [C] (infml 口) clever person; intellectual 聪明人; 知识分子: * He is one of the leading brains in the country. 他是国家的知识分子精英. (b) the brains [sing v] (infml 口) cleverest person in a group 智力超群的人: * He's the brains of the family. 他是全家最聪明的人. * She was the brains behind the whole scheme. 她是整个方案背後的主脑. 4 (idm 习语) blow one's brains out => blow1. cudgel one's brains => cudgel. have sth on the brain (infml 口) think about sth constantly; be obsessed by sth 一心想着某事物; 对某事物入迷: * I've had this tune on the brain all day but I can't remember what it's called. 我脑海里整天回荡着这个曲调, 但我想不起来叫什麽了. pick sb's brains => pick3. rack one's brain(s) => rack2. tax one's/sb's brains => tax. 派生： brain v [Tn] kill (a person or an animal) with a heavy blow on the head （猛击头部）打死（人或动物）: (fig infml 比喻, 口) I nearly brained myself on that low beam. 那低矮的横梁险些把我的头撞碎. brainless adj stupid; foolish 没有头脑的; 愚蠢的; 傻的: That was a pretty brainless thing to do. 那样做很愚蠢. brainy adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) clever; intelligent 聪明的; 有智慧的: Her children are all very brainy. 她的孩子个个都很聪明.

brain1
复合： `brain-child n [sing] person's original plan, invention or idea 某人的构想、 构思、 发明或创见: The new arts centre is the brain-child of a wealthy local businessman. 这座新艺术馆是根据当地一位富商的构想而修建的. `brain-drain n (usu sing 通常作单数) (infml 口) loss to a country when skilled and clever people emigrate from it to other countries 人才外流. `brain fever inflammation of the brain 脑膜炎. `brainpower n [U] ability to think; intelligence 智力; 智能. `brain-teaser n difficult problem; puzzle 困难问题; 难题. `brains trust (US brain trust) group of experts who answer questions and give advice, eg on a radio programme （提供咨询服务的）专家小组（如於电台节目中的）; 智囊团.

brainstorm
[5breinstC:m; 5bren7stCrm] n 1 sudden violent mental disturbance 突发性精神错乱. 2 (Brit infml 口) moment of confusion or forgetfulness; sudden mental aberration 一时糊涂、 忘记或想不起来; 突然的神智不清: * I must have had a brainstorm I couldn't remember my own telephone number for a moment. 我一定是糊涂了--一时想不起自己的电话号码了. 3 (US infml 口) = brainwave.

brainstorming
[5breinstC:miN; 5bren7stCrmiN] n [U] (esp US) method of solving problems in which all the members of a group suggest ideas which are then discussed 群策群力, 通力攻关（大家献计献策, 通过集体讨论解决问题）: * [attrib 作定语] a brainstorming session 通力攻关会.

brainwash
[5breinwCF; 5bren7wCF] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (into doing sth) force sb to reject old beliefs or ideas and to accept new ones by the use of extreme mental pressure 洗脑（以极大的精神压力迫使某人放弃旧的信念或思想而接受新的一套）: * (fig 比喻) I refuse to be brainwashed by advertisers into buying something I don't need. 我可不让广告商给我洗脑, 去买那些我不需要的东西. > brainwashing n [U].

brainwave
[5breinweiv; 5bren7wev] (US brainstorm) n (infml 口) sudden clever idea 灵机; 灵感脑波: * Unless someone has a brainwave we'll never solve this problem. 除非谁能灵机一动拿出主意, 否则我们永远解决不了这个问题.

braise
[breiz; brez] v [Tn] cook (meat or vegetables) slowly with very little liquid in a closed container 炖（肉或蔬菜）; 焖; 煨: * braised beef and onions 炖洋葱牛肉 * braising steak, ie steak to be braised 用来炖的肉排.

brake
1[breik; brek] n (a) device for reducing the speed of or stopping a car, bicycle, train, etc 制动器; 闸; 刹车: * put on/apply the brake(s) 使用制动器 * His brakes failed on a steep hill. 他的车闸在陡峭的山路上失灵了. * (fig 比喻) The Government is determined to put a brake on public spending. 政府决定遏制公共事务的开支. * Ignorance acts as a brake to progress. 无知阻碍了进步. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xiii. (b) pedal, etc that operates such a device 制动器的踏板等: * The brake (pedal) is between the clutch and the accelerator. 制动器（踏板）在离合器和加速器之间. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xii. 派生： brake v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) slow down using a brake 用制动器（使某物）减速; 刹（车）: The driver braked hard as the child ran onto the road in front of him. 那孩子跑到汽车前面的路上, 司机猛踩刹车. 复合： `brake fluid liquid used in hydraulic brakes 制动液（液压制动器所用的液体）. `brake light (US `stoplight) red light at the back of a car, etc which lights up when the brakes are applied 制动灯, 刹车灯（汽车等刹车时尾部亮起的红灯）. brake-`horsepower n [U] power of an engine measured by the force needed to brake it 制动马力; 刹车马力. `brake-shoe n curved block or plate that presses against a wheel to brake it 闸瓦; 制动片; 刹车片.

bramble
[5brmbl; 5brAmbl] n wild shrub with long prickly shoots; blackberry bush 荆棘; 黑莓灌木丛.

bran
[brn; brAn] n [U] outer covering of grain separated from the flour by sifting 糠; 麸. Cf 参看 husk 1. 复合： `bran-tub n (Brit) tub containing bran or sawdust in which small gifts are hidden; lucky dip 糠桶（装有糠或锯末的摸彩桶, 内藏小件礼物）.

branch
[bra:ntF; - brntF; brAntF] n 1 arm-like division of a tree, growing from the trunk or from a bough 树枝: * He climbed up the tree and hid among the branches. 他爬上树, 藏在树枝後面. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page i. 2 similar division of a river, road, railway or mountain range （河流、 公路、 铁路或山脉的）类似分支: * a branch of the Rhine 莱茵河的支流 * [attrib 作定语] a branch line, ie a division of a main railway line, serving country areas 支线（铁路干线通往乡村的分支）. 3 subdivision of a family, a subject of knowledge, or a group of languages （家族的）分支; （知识的）分科; （语言的）分系: * His uncle's branch of the family emigrated to Australia. 他的家族中叔父这一支系已移居澳大利亚. * Gynaecology is a branch of medicine. 妇科学是医学的一个分科. 4 local office or shop belonging to a large firm or organization （属於某大公司或机构的）地方办事处或分店: * The bank has branches in all parts of the country. 该银行在全国各地设有分行. * [attrib 作定语] a branch post office 邮局的分局. 5 (idm 习语) root and branch => root1. 派生： branch v [I] 1 (of a tree) send out or divide into branches （指树）长出枝, 分出枝杈. 2 (of a road) divide into branches （指道路）分岔: The road branches after the level-crossing. 这条路在经过平面交叉道口後岔开了. 3 (phr v) branch `off (of a vehicle or road) turn from one road into a (usu) smaller one （指车辆或大路）转入或转为（通常为）小路: The car in front of us suddenly branched off to the left. 我们前面的那辆汽车突然转入左边的小路上去了. * The road to the village branches off on the right. 通往该村的道路向右转为一条小路. branch `out (into sth) extend or expand one's activities or interests in a new direction 向新的方向扩展自己的活动或兴趣: The company began by specializing in radios but has now decided to branch out into computers. 该公司开始时专营无线电器材, 现在已决定扩展业务经营计算机了.

branch1
* She's leaving the company to branch out on her own. 她打算脱离这家公司, 自己开业.

brand
[brnd; brAnd] n 1 (a) particular make of goods or their trade mark 商品的牌子; 商标: * Which brand of toothpaste do you prefer? 你爱用什麽牌子的牙膏? * [attrib 作定语] a `brand name 商标名称 * brand loyalty, ie tendency of customers to continue buying the same brand 对某商标的信赖（顾客购买同一牌子商品的倾向）. (b) particular type or kind 特殊的种类: * a strange brand of humour 一种古怪的幽默. 2 piece of burning wood 燃烧着的木头. 3 (a) mark of identification (esp on cattle and sheep) made with a hot iron 烙印（尤指打在牛羊身上的）. (b) (also `branding-iron) iron used for this （作上述用的）烙铁. =>illus at iron 见iron之插图. 派生： brand v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (on sth) mark sth with or as if with a brand(3a) （似）在某事物上打烙印: On big farms cattle are usually branded. 大农场里的牛通常打有烙印. * (fig 比喻) The experiences of his unhappy childhood are branded on his memory. 他童年的不幸遭遇铭刻在他的记忆里. 2 [Tn, Cn.n, Cn.n/a] ~ sb (as sth) give a bad name to sb; denounce sb 给某人加上污名; 谴责某人: The scandal branded him for life. 这件丑事使他终生蒙受耻辱. * He was branded (as) a trouble-maker for taking part in the demonstration. 他因参加了示威游行而被指责为捣乱分子. 复合： ,brand-`new adj completely new 全新的; 崭新的. `branding-iron n = brand 3b.

brandish
[5brndiF; 5brAndiF] v [Tn] wave (sth) in a triumphant or threatening way; display 得意地或威胁地挥动（某物）; 显示: * brandish a gun, a knife, an axe, etc 挥舞枪、 刀子、 斧头等 * The demonstrators brandished banners and shouted slogans. 示威者挥舞着旗帜, 呼喊着口号.

brandy
[5brndi; 5brAndi] n (a) [U] strong alcoholic drink distilled from wine or fermented fruit-juice 白兰地. (b) [C] type of brandy 一种白兰地: * Cognac and Armagnac are fine brandies. 科尼亚克和阿马尼亚克是两种优质白兰地. (c) [C] glass of brandy 一杯白兰地: * Two brandies and soda, please. 劳驾, 来两杯白兰地加苏打水. 复合： `brandy-snap n crisp rolled gingerbread wafer, often filled with cream 白兰地小脆饼（常有奶油夹层）.

brash
[brF; brAF] adj (derog 贬) 1 (of a person, his manner, etc) confident in a rude or aggressive way; impudently self-assertive （指人、 态度等）粗鲁而自信的, 盛气凌人的, 自以为是的: * His brash answers annoyed the interviewers. 他回答问题自以为是, 面试的人感到很不痛快. 2 (of colours, clothing, etc) loud; garish; showy （指颜色、 衣服等）花哨的, 俗气的: * He was wearing a rather brash tie. 他系着一条颇为显眼的领带. > brashly adv. brashness n [U].

brass
[bra:s; - brs; brAs] n 1 [U] bright yellow metal made by mixing copper and zinc 黄铜: * [attrib 作定语] brass doorknobs, buttons 黄铜的门把手、 钮扣 * a brass foundry 黄铜铸造厂. 2 (a) [U] objects made of brass, eg candlesticks, ornaments, etc 黄铜制品（如烛台、 饰物等）: * do/clean/polish the brass 处理[擦净/擦亮]黄铜器. (b) [C] brass ornament worn by a horse 马戴的黄铜饰物. 3 the brass [Gp] (group of people in an orchestra who play) wind instruments made of brass （乐队中的）铜管乐器（组）: * The brass is/are too loud. 铜管乐的声音过大. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page x.4 [C] (esp Brit) brass memorial tablet fixed to the floor or wall of a church （教堂的地上或墙上的）黄铜纪念牌. 5 [U] (Brit sl 俚) money 钱: * He's got plenty of brass. 他很有钱. 6 [U] (infml 口) impudence; cheek 厚颜无耻; 厚脸皮: * He had the brass to ask his boss for a 20% pay rise. 他厚着脸皮要求老板给他增加20%的工资. 7 (idm 习语) bold as brass => bold. get down to brass `tacks (infml 口) start to consider the basic facts or practical details of sth 开始考虑某事物的基本事实 或具体细节. top brass => top1. 派生： brassy adj (-ier, -iest) 1 like brass in colour 黄铜色的. 2 like a brass musical instrument in sound; harsh; blaring 声如铜管乐器的; 刺耳的; 嘹亮的. 3 (esp of a woman, her manner, etc) vulgarly showy and impudent; loud and flashy （尤指女人、 其举止等）俗不可耐的, 无耻招摇的, 花里胡哨的. brassily adv. brassiness n [U]. 复合： ,brass `band band playing brass and percussion instruments only 铜管乐队. ,brass `hat (infml 口 esp Brit) high-ranking officer in the army; any important person 高级军官; 要员. brass `knuckles (US) = knuckleduster (knuckle. ,brass `plate plate of brass displayed outside a house or office, giving the name and profession of the occupant 黄铜门牌.

brass1
`brass-rubbing n 1 [U] making a copy of the design on a brass(4) by rubbing a piece of paper placed over it with chalk or wax （用粉笔或蜡笔在覆盖於黄铜纪念牌上的纸上涂画以）拓印图案. 2 [C] copy made in this way （使用上述方法制成的）拓印品.

brasserie
[5brsEri; 7brAsE'ri] n type of restaurant serving esp beer with food （以售啤酒为主的）餐馆.

brassiere
[5brsiE(r); - brE'ziEr; brE'zir] (also bra/brB:; brB/) n woman's undergarment worn to support the breasts 乳罩.

brat
[brAt; brAt] n (derog 贬) child, esp a badly-behaved one 孩子; （尤指）顽童.

bravado
[brE'va:dEu; brE'vado] n [U] (usu unnecessary or false) display of boldness （通常指无必要的或虚伪的）逞能, 虚张声势: * Take no notice of his threats they're sheer bravado. 别理会他的威胁--完全是虚张声势.

brave
[breiv; brev] adj (-r, -st) 1 (of a person) ready to face and endure danger, pain or suffering; having no fear; courageous （指人）勇敢的; 无畏的; 有勇气的: * brave men and women 勇敢的男男女女 * Be brave! 勇敢些! * It was brave of her to go into the burning building. 她进入了燃烧着的大楼, 真勇敢. * He was very brave about his operation. 他对手术毫无惧色. 2 (of an action) requiring or showing courage （指行为）需要勇气的, 表现勇敢的: * a brave act, deed, speech 有勇气的举动、 行为、 讲话 * a brave fight against disease 与疾病进行的毫不畏惧的斗争. 3 (idm 习语) (a) brave new world (catchphrase often ironic 警语, 常作反语) a new era resulting from revolutionary changes, reforms, etc in society 美好的新世界（社会经历革命、 改革等之後的新时期）. 派生： brave n 1 [C] N American Indian warrior 北美洲的印第安战士. 2 the brave [pl v] brave people 勇敢的人: the brave who died in battle 阵亡的英勇战士. brave v 1 [Tn] endure or face (sth/sb) without showing fear 以无畏的精神忍受或面对（某事物[某人]）: brave dangers 冒着危险 * brave one's critics 勇於面对批评 * We decided to brave (ie go out in spite of) the bad weather. 尽管天气不好, 我们仍决定要出去. 2 (phr v) brave it `out face hostility, suspicion or blame defiantly 对含敌意、 猜疑或责难的言行持对抗态度: He tried to brave it out when the police questioned him. 警察盘问他时, 他想硬着头皮顶过去. bravely adv. bravery[5breivEri; 5brevEri] n [U] being brave; courage 勇气; 胆量: * a medal for bravery in battle 授予在战斗中表现英勇者的奖章.

bravo
[7bra:'vEu; 5bravo] interj, n (pl ~s) shout of approval, esp to an actor or a performer 喝采声（尤用以称赞演员或表演者）: * Bravo! Well played! 好哇! 演得好哇!

bravura
[brE'vuErE; brE'vurE] n [U] (in a musical performance) brilliant style or technique （音乐演奏中）优美的风格或精湛的技巧: * [attrib 作定语] a bravura performance 精采的演奏.

brawl
[brC:l; brCl] n noisy quarrel or fight 大声争吵; 打架: * a drunken brawl in a bar 在酒吧间里醉汉的吵闹. 派生： brawl v [I] take part in a brawl 打闹: gangs of youths brawling in the street 在街上打打闹闹的一帮青年. brawler n.

brawn
[brC:n; brCn] n [U] 1 strong muscles; muscular strength 强壮的肌肉; 强健的体力: * a job needing brains (ie intelligence) rather than brawn 需用脑力而非体力的工作. 2 (Brit) (US head cheese) meat, esp from a pig's or calf's head, boiled, chopped and pressed in a mould with jelly 肉冻（尤指猪的或牛犊的头肉, 煮熟切碎加果胶或明胶模压而成）. 派生： brawny adj (-ier, -iest) strong and muscular 强壮的; 肌肉发达的: brawny arms 肌肉发达的胳膊.

bray
[brei; bre] n (a) cry of a donkey 驴叫声. (b) sound like this 似驴叫的声音. 派生： bray v [I] make this cry or sound （驴）叫; 发出似驴叫的声音: a braying laugh 粗声大笑.

brazen
[5breizn; 5brezn] adj 1 (derog 贬) shameless; insolent 无耻的; 无礼的: * brazen insolence, rudeness, etc 不知羞耻的无礼举动、 粗野举动等 * a brazen hussy 恬不知耻的荡妇. 2 (a) made of brass; like brass 黄铜制的; 黄铜般的. (b) having a harsh brassy sound 声音响亮刺耳的: * the brazen notes of a trumpet 喇叭的响亮的声音. 派生： brazen v (phr v) brazen it `out behave, after doing wrong, as if one has nothing to be ashamed of （做错事以後）显出若无其事的样子. brazenly adv shamelessly 厚颜无耻地.

brazier
[5breiziE(r); 5breVl] n open metal framework for holding a charcoal or coal fire （金属的）火盆.

breach
[bri:tF; britF] n 1 [C, U] breaking or neglect (of a law, an agreement, a duty, etc) 违犯, 违反（法规、 协议、 职责等）: * a breach of loyalty, trust, protocol, etc 不忠、 背信、 背约等 * a breach of confidence, ie giving away a secret 泄密 * sue sb for breach of contract 控告某人违反合同 * a breach of security, ie failure to protect official secrets 破坏安全的行为（泄露政府机密）. 2 [C] break in usu friendly relations between people or groups （友好关系的）中断: * a breach of diplomatic relations between two countries 两国之间外交关系的破裂. 3 [C] opening, eg one made in a wall by attacking forces or the sea 缺口（如墙上或堤上的突破口）: * The huge waves made a breach in the sea wall. 大浪在堤上冲出一个缺口. 4 (idm 习语) step into the breach => step1. 派生： breach v [Tn] make a gap in (a defensive wall, etc) （在防御工事等上）打开缺口: Our tanks have breached the enemy defences. 我方坦克突破了敌人的防线. 复合： ,breach of `promise (law 律) (formerly) breaking of a promise to marry sb （旧时）悔婚. ,breach of the `peace (law 律) crime of causing a public disturbance, eg by fighting in the street 扰乱治安罪（如在街上斗殴）.

bread
winner

breadline
[5bredlain; 5bred7lain] n 1 queue of people waiting for free food given as charity 等候领救济食品的队伍. 2 (idm 习语) on the breadline very poor 极其穷困: * We've been living on the breadline for weeks. 几个星期以来我们一直吃了上顿没下顿.

breadth
[bredW; bredW] n 1 [U, C] distance or measurement from side to side; width 宽度: * a garden, room, river ten metres in breadth 十米宽的花园、 房间、 河流 * pieces of material of different breadths 宽度不一的料子. =>illus at dimension 见dimension之插图. 2 [U] wide extent (eg of knowledge); range 宽广的程度（如指知识）; 范围: * Her breadth of experience makes her ideal for the job. 她经验丰富, 最能胜任这项工作. 3 [U] freedom from narrow-mindedness or prejudice 宽宏大量的; 不抱偏见的: * show breadth of mind, outlook, opinions, etc 在思想、 观点、 见解等方面表现宽宏大度. 4 (idm 习语) by a hair/a hair's breadth => hair. the length and breadth of sth => length.

break
1[breik; brek] v (pt broke/brEuk; brok] , pp broken[5brEukEn; 5brokEn] ) 1 (a) [I, Ipr] ~ (in/into sth) (of a whole object) separate into two or more parts as a result of force or strain (but not by cutting) （指完整物体）破, 碎, 断（非切割所致）: * The string broke. 绳子断了. * Glass breaks easily. 玻璃容易破碎. * The bag broke under the weight of the shopping inside it. 买的东西太重, 把袋子撑破了. * She dropped the plate and it broke into pieces/in two. 她把盘子摔碎[两半]了. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in/into sth) cause (a whole object) to do this 弄破, 弄碎, 弄断（完整物体）: * break a cup, vase, window, etc 打破杯子、 花瓶、 窗户等 * She fell off a ladder and broke her arm. 她从梯子上摔下来, 跌断了胳膊. * If you pull too hard you will break the rope. 如果太用力拉, 就会把绳子拉断. * He broke the bar of chocolate into two (pieces). 他把巧克力掰成两半. 2 [I, Tn] become unusable by being damaged; make (sth) unusable by damaging 已坏; 损坏（某物）: * My watch is broken. 我的表坏了. 3 [Tn] cut the surface of (the skin) so as to cause bleeding 弄破（皮肤）表面以致出血: * The dog bit me but didn't break the skin. 那狗咬了我一口, 但是没有把皮咬破. 4 [Tn] not follow or obey (sth); fail to observe (a law, promise, etc) 不依从或不服从（某事物）; 不遵守（法律、 诺言等）: * break the law, the rules, the conditions, etc 违反法律、 规则、 所定条件等 * break an agreement, a contract, a promise, one's word, etc 违反协议、 合同、 诺言、 自己说的话等 * break an appointment, ie fail to come to it 爽约（未能赴约） * He was breaking the speed limit, ie travelling faster than the law allows. 他违章超速行驶. 5 [I, Ip] ~ (off) stop doing sth for a while; pause 稍停; 停顿: * Let's break for tea. 咱们停一停, 喝点儿茶.

break1
6 [Tn] (a) destroy the continuity of (sth); interrupt 中断（某事物）; 打断: * break sb's concentration 分散某人的注意力 * We broke our journey (to London) at Oxford, ie stopped in Oxford on the way to London. 我们在牛津中止了（去伦敦的）行程. * a broken night's sleep, ie a night during which the sleeper keeps waking 夜间断断续续的睡眠 * He failed to break (his opponent's) service, ie to win a game (at tennis, etc) when his opponent was serving. 他未能破（对方的）发球局（如网球等）. (b) interrupt the flow of an electric current in (a circuit) 使（电路）电流中断. (c) cause (sth) to be incomplete 使（某事物）不完整: * break a set of books, china, etc, eg by giving away a part or parts of it 拆散整套的书、 瓷器等（如将其中某部分送人而不能成套）. (d) cause (sth) to end 终止（某事物）: * She broke the silence by coughing. 她的咳嗽声打破了沉寂. (e) bring (sth) to an end by force 强行制止（某事物）: * break a blockade/siege 突破封锁[包围] * The employers have not broken the dockers' strike. 资方未能使码头工人结束罢工. 7 [I] (of the weather) change suddenly after a settled period （指天气）（持续一段时间之後）突然起变化: * The fine weather/The heatwave broke at last. 好天气[热天气]终於突然转变了. 8 [I] show an opening; disperse 出现缝隙; 消散: * The clouds broke and the sun came out. 云一散开, 太阳就出来了. 9 [I] (a) come into being 形成: * Dawn/The day was breaking, ie Daylight was beginning. 天已破晓. Cf 参看 daybreak (day). (b) begin suddenly and violently 突然而激烈地开始: * The storm broke. 暴风雨突然来临. (c) become known; be revealed 传开; 被揭露: * There was a public outcry when the scandal broke. 丑闻传开後引起了公愤. 10 (a) [Tn] weaken or destroy (sth) 减弱或毁坏（某事物）:

break2
* break sb's morale, resistance, resolve, spirit, etc 瓦解某人的士气、 抵抗力、 决心、 精神等 * The Government is determined to break the power of the trade unions. 政府决心摧毁工会的势力. * The scandal broke him, ie ruined his reputation and destroyed his self-confidence. 这一丑闻把他毁了. (b) [I] become weak or be destroyed 减弱; 被毁坏: * Throughout the ordeal his spirit never broke. 经历了这场苦难, 他的精神并未垮. * He broke under questioning (ie was no longer able to endure it) and confessed to everything. 他经受不住盘问, 精神上垮了下来, 於是供认了一切. (c) [Tn] overwhelm (sb) with a strong emotion, eg grief 使（某人）难以承受（强烈感情, 如悲伤）: * The death of his wife broke him completely. 他妻子逝世使他肝肠寸断. 11 [I] (a) (of the voice) change its tone because of emotion （指嗓音）（因激动）变调: * Her voice broke as she told the dreadful news. 她说出这可怕的消息时, 嗓音都变了. (b) (of a boy's voice) become deeper at puberty （指男孩的声音）青春期时变低沉: * His voice broke when he was thirteen. 他十叁岁的时候嗓音变粗了. 12 [Tn] do better than orsurpass (a record) 打破（纪录）: * break the Commonwealth/World/Olympic 100 metres record 打破英联邦[世界/奥林匹克]100米纪录. 13 [I] (of the ball in cricket) change direction after hitting the ground; spin （指板球）着地後改变方向, 旋转. 14 [I] (of the sea) curl and fall in waves （指海洋）浪涛冲撞: * the sound of waves breaking on the beach 波涛冲撞着海滩的声音 * The sea was breaking over the wrecked ship. 海水冲撞着破船的残骸. 15 [Tn] decipher (sth); solve 译解（某事物）; 破译: * break a code 译解密码. 16 (For idioms containing break, see entries for ns, adjs, etc 习语中有break者, 见有关名词、 形容词等词条, 如break even => even1; break sb's heart => heart.)

break3
17 (phr v) break away (from sb/sth) (a) escape suddenly (from captivity) 突然逃脱, 挣脱（束缚）: * The prisoner broke away from his guards. 囚犯从看守者手中逃脱了. (b) leave a political party, state, etc, esp to form a new one 脱离某政党、 政府等（尤指另建新组织）: * Several Labour MPs broke away to join the Social Democrats. 有些工党下议院议员脱党後加入社会民主党. * A province has broken away to form a new state. 有一个省脱离了旧政府而另组新政府. break down (a) cease to function because of a mechanical, electrical, etc fault （因机械、 电力等故障）停止运转, 失灵, 失效: The telephone system has broken down. 电话系统失灵了. * We (ie Our car) broke down on the motorway. 我们（的汽车）在高速公路上抛锚了. (b) fail; collapse 失败; 崩溃; 瓦解; 垮: Negotiations between the two sides have broken down. 双方谈判已经破裂. * If law and order break down, anarchy will result. 法治一垮, 就会出现无政府状态. (c) (of sb's health) become very bad; collapse （指某人健康状况）变得恶劣; 垮: Her health broke down under the pressure of work. 工作的压力把她的身体弄垮了. (d) lose control of one's feelings 感情失去控制: He broke down and wept when he heard the news. 他听到这个消息时不禁痛哭起来. break (sth) down (esp of money spent) be divided or divide into parts by analysis （尤指金钱花费）分成几部分, 细分: Expenditure on the project breaks down as follows: wages 10m, plant 4m, raw materials 5m. 该工程费用开支可分成如下几部分: 工资一千万英镑, 厂房设备四百万英镑, 原料五百万英镑. break sth down (a) make sth collapse by striking it hard 猛击某物使之毁坏: Firemen had to break the door down to reach the people trapped inside. 消防人员须破门而入, 才能抢救困在屋里的人. (b) cause sth to collapse; overcome, conquer or destroy sth 使某事物瓦解; 镇压、 克服、 破坏某事物: break down resistance, opposition, etc 镇压抵抗、 反抗等

break4
* break down sb's reserve, shyness, etc 克服某人的沉默、 羞怯等心态 * How can we break down the barriers of fear and hostility which divide the two communities? 怎样才能消除这两地区人民之间的恐惧和仇恨呢? (c) change the chemical composition of sth 改变某物的化学成分: Sugar and starch are broken down in the stomach. 糖和淀粉在胃里被分解. break sth from sth remove sth from sth larger by breaking 折断某物以除去其中某部分: He broke a piece of bread from the loaf. 他从长条面包中掰下一小块. break in enter a building by force 强行进入屋内: Burglars had broken in while we were away on holiday. 我们假日外出时, 窃贼曾进入屋内. break sb/sth in train and discipline sb/sth 训练某人[某物]: break in new recruits, a young horse 训练新兵、 驯服小马. break in (on sth) interrupt or disturb (sth) 打断, 干扰（某事物）: Please don't break in on our conversation. 请别打断我们的谈话. break into sth (a) enter sth by force 强行进入某处: His house was broken into (eg by burglars) last week. 上星期有人闯入他的房屋（如窃贼）. (b) suddenly begin (to laugh, sing, cheer, etc) 突然开始（大笑、 唱歌、 欢呼等）: As the President's car arrived, the crowd broke into loud applause. 总统的汽车到达时, 群众中爆发出热烈的掌声. (c) suddenly change (from a slower to a faster pace) 突然改变（由慢到快）: break into a trot/canter/gallop （马）突然改成小跑[慢跑/飞跑] * The man broke into a run when he saw the police. 那人一见到警察, 拔腿就跑. (d) (of an activity) use up (time that would normally be spent doing sth else) （指活动）用去（应做其他事情的时间）: All this extra work I'm doing is breaking into my leisure time. 我目前的这一切额外工作用去了我的闲暇时间. (e) use (a banknote or coin of high value) to buy sth costing less 使用（大面值的钞票或硬币）购买低於该面值的某事物: I can't pay the 50p I owe you without breaking into a 5 note. 我得把一张5英镑的钞票兑开, 才能把欠你的50便士付给你.

break5
(f) open and use (sth kept for an emergency) 动用（应急储备物资）: break into emergency supplies of food 动用应急储备的食物. break off stop speaking 停止讲话: He broke off in the middle of a sentence. 他一句话只说了一半就停住了. break (sth) off (cause sth to) become separated from sth as a result of force or strain （使某物）折断: The door handle has broken off. 门的把手断了. * She broke off a piece of chocolate and gave it to me. 她掰下一块巧克力给我. break sth off end sth suddenly; discontinue sth 突然中止某事物; 中断某事物: break off diplomatic relations (with a country) 中断（与某国的）外交关系 * They've broken off their engagement/broken it off. 他们已经解除了婚约. break out (of violent events) start suddenly （指激烈事件）突然发生: Fire broke out during the night. 夜间突然发生了火灾. * Rioting broke out between rival groups of fans. 双方球迷之间发生了骚乱. * War broke out in 1939. 1939年爆发了战争. Cf 参看 outbreak. break out (of sth) escape from a place by using force （强行）逃出某处: Several prisoners broke out of the jail. 有几名囚犯越狱了. Cf 参看 break-out. break out in sth (a) suddenly become covered in sth 突然布满某物: His face broke out in a rash. 他的脸上突然长满了皮疹. * He broke out in a cold sweat, eg through fear. 他出了一身冷汗（如由於恐惧）. (b) suddenly begin to show strong feelings 突然流露出强烈的感情: She broke out in a rage. 她勃然大怒. break through make new and important discoveries 有重要创见; 突破: Scientists say they are beginning to break through in the fight against cancer. 科学家们说, 他们在防治癌症方面开始有所突破. break through (sth) (a) make a way through (sth) using force; penetrate (sth) 强行穿过（某事物）; 插入（某事物）: Demonstrators broke through the police cordon. 示威群众突破了警戒线. (b) (of the sun or moon) appear from behind

break6
(clouds) （指太阳或月亮）从（云层）後面出现: The sun broke through at last in the afternoon. 太阳在下午终於从云层後面钻出来了. break through sth overcome sth 克服某事物: break through sb's reserve, shyness, etc 克服某人的沉默、 羞怯等心态. break up (a) (of members of a group) go away in different directions; disperse （指群体中的成员）解散, 散去: The meeting broke up at eleven o'clock. 会议在十一点钟散会. (b) (Brit) (of a school, its staff or its pupils) begin the holidays when school closes at the end of term （指学校、 教职员或学生）期末放假: When do you break up for Christmas? 你们什麽时候放圣诞节假? (c) become very weak; collapse 变得衰弱; 瓦解; 崩溃: He was breaking up under the strain. 他劳累过度, 身体逐渐衰弱. (d) (esp of a period of fine weather) end （尤指一段时期的好天气）结束: The weather shows signs of breaking up. 好天气看样子要过去了. break (sth) up (a) (cause sth to) separate into smaller pieces by cutting, striking, etc （将某物）割碎, 击碎, 打碎, 撞碎: The ship broke up on the rocks. 船触礁撞毁了. * The ship was broken up for scrap metal. 这艘船拆毁了当废铁用. (b) (cause sth to) come to an end （使某事物）结束: Their marriage is breaking up. 他们的婚姻已破裂. * They decided to break up the partnership. 他们决定终止合作关系. break sth up (a) disperse or scatter sth using force 强行驱散某物: Police were called in to break up the meeting. 出动了警察将集会驱散. (b) divide sth by means of analysis, an administrative decision, etc （通过分析、 行政决定等方法）分开某事物: Sentences can be broken up into clauses. 句子可分成分句. * The Government has broken up the large private estates. 政府把大片的私人地产分割开. break up (with sb) end a relationship with sb 与某人绝交: She's just broken up with her boy-friend. 她刚与男朋友绝交. break with sb end a relationship with sb 与某人绝交: break with one's girl-friend 与女朋友绝交. break with sth give up sth; abandon sth 与某事物决裂; 放弃某事物: break with tradition, old habits, the past, etc 与传统、 旧习惯、 过去等决裂.

break7
派生： breakable[5breikEbl; 5brekEbl] adj easily broken 易碎的. breakables n [pl] breakable objects, eg glasses and cups 易碎的物品（如玻璃杯和瓷杯）. 复合： `breakaway n loss of members from a group by withdrawal; secession 脱离组织; 退出: a breakaway from the Tory party 脱离保守党 * [attrib 作定语] a breakaway group on the left of the Labour party 脱离工党左派的组织. `break-dancing n [U] energetic and acrobatic style of dancing, often competitive or as a display, esp popular with young Black Americans 霹雳舞. `break-in n forcible entry into a building 闯入某建 物: Police are investigating a break-in at the bank. 警方正在调查有人闯入银行的事件. `break-out n escape from prison, esp one involving the use of force （尤指强行）越狱: a mass break-out of prisoners 囚犯集体越狱. `breakthrough n 1 act of breaking through an enemy's defences 突破敌人防线. 2 important development or discovery, esp in scientific knowledge 重大的发展, 发现, 突破（尤指科学知识方面）: a major breakthrough in cancer research 癌症研究方面的重大突破 * a breakthrough in negotiations 谈判的重大进展. `breakup n end (of a relationship or partnership) （关系或合作的）决裂: The breakup of their marriage surprised no one. 他们婚姻破裂谁都不觉得奇怪.

breakage
[5breikidV; 5brekidV] n 1 [C, U] act of or damage caused by breaking 毁坏; 破损: * a parcel carefully packed to prevent breakage 防止破损而仔细包好的包裹. 2 [C] broken thing 破损之物. 3 [C usu pl 通常作复数] broken objects 破损物件: * The hotel allows 300 a year for breakages, ie for the cost of replacing broken dishes, etc. 这家旅馆每年打出300英镑的损耗费（盘碟等损坏补充费用）.

breakdown
[5breikdaun; 5brek7daun] n 1 mechanical failure 机械的故障: * Our car/We had a breakdown on the motorway. 我们的汽车[我们]在高速公路上抛锚了. 2 collapse or failure 瓦解; 失败; 破裂: * a breakdown of negotiations on disarmament 裁军谈判的破裂. 3 weakening or collapse of sb's (esp mental) health 身体（尤指精神）衰弱: * The strain of his job led to the complete breakdown of his health. 他工作过度, 把身体完全累垮了. * She suffered a nervous breakdown. 她患神经衰弱. 4 statistical analysis 统计分析: * a breakdown of expenditure 支出的统计分析.

breaker
[5breikE(r); 5brekl] n 1 large wave that breaks into foam as it moves towards the shore 大浪（拍岸而成浪花的）. 2 (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) person or thing that breaks 击碎者; 打破者: * a ship-breaker * a law-breaker * a record-breaker.

breakfast
[5brekfEst; 5brekfEst] n [C, U] 1 first meal of the day 一天的第一顿饭; 早餐; 早饭: * a light/big/hearty breakfast 量少的[量多的/丰富的]早餐 * have bacon and eggs for breakfast 早餐有腌猪肉和鸡蛋 * They were having breakfast when I arrived. 我到达时, 他们正在用早餐. * She doesn't eat much breakfast. 她早点吃得不多. 2 (idm 习语) bed and breakfast => bed1. a dog's breakfast/dinner => dog1. eat sb for breakfast => eat. 派生： breakfast v [I, Ipr] ~ (on sth) eat breakfast 用早餐; 吃早饭: We breakfasted on toast and coffee. 我们用的早餐是烤面包片和咖啡.

breakneck
[5breiknek; 5brek7nek] adj [attrib 作定语] dangerously fast 快得危险的: * drive, ride, travel, etc at breakneck speed 以非常危险的高速度开车、 骑马、 行进等.

breakwater
[5breikwC:tE(r); 5brek7wCtl] n wall built out into the sea to protect a coast or harbour from the force of the waves 防波堤.

bream
[bri:m; brim] n (pl unchanged 复数不变) 1 type of freshwater fish of the carp family 欧畊（一种鲤科的淡水鱼）. 2 (also `sea-bream) type of salt-water fish similar to this 鲷科的海鱼.

breast
[brest; brest] n 1 [C] either of the two parts of a woman's body that produce milk （女子的）乳房: * a baby at the breast 哺乳的婴孩 * cancer of the breast 乳（腺）癌 * The breasts swell during pregnancy. 怀孕期乳房发胀. 2 [C] (a) (rhet 修辞) upper front part of the human body; chest （人体的）胸部, 胸膛: * clasp/hold sb to one's breast 把某人拥抱在怀里. (b) part of a garment covering this （衣服的）胸部: * a soldier with medals pinned to the breast of his coat 胸前别着许多奖章的士兵. 3 [C, U] part of an animal corresponding to the human breast, eaten as food （动物的）胸脯（作食物用者）: * chicken breasts 鸡胸脯 * breast of lamb 羔羊胸脯. 4 (dated 旧) source of feelings; heart 心情; 思绪: * a troubled breast 心烦意乱. 5 (idm 习语) beat one's breast => beat1. make a clean breast of sth => clean1. 派生： breast v [Tn] 1 (a) touch (sth) with the breast(2a) 以胸部触及（某物）: The runner breasted the tape, ie to win a race. 赛跑者以胸部触线（赛跑获胜）. (b) face and move forward against (sth) 挺身冲向（某事物）: breasting the waves 破浪前进. 2 reach the top of (sth) 抵达（某事物）的顶端: breast a hill/rise 抵达山[岗]的顶端. 复合： `breastbone (also sternum) n thin flat vertical bone in the chest between the ribs 胸骨. =>illus at skeleton 见skeleton之插图. `breast-feed v (pt, pp `breast-fed) [Tn] feed (a baby) with milk from the breast 用乳房的奶喂（婴儿）: Were her children breast-fed or bottle-fed? 她的孩子喂的是人奶还是牛奶? ,breast-`high adj, adv high as the breast 齐胸高（的）: The wheat was/stood breast-high. 麦子长得齐胸高. `breastplate n piece of armour covering the breast 护胸甲. ,breast `pocket pocket on the breast of a jacket （上衣）胸前的口袋. `breast-stroke n [sing] swimming stroke, with chest downwards, in which the arms are extended in front of the head and then swept back, while the legs move in a corresponding way 蛙泳: do (the) breast-stroke 游蛙泳.

breast1
`breastwork n low wall of earth, etc put up as a temporary defence 胸墙.

breath
[breW; breW] n 1 (a) [U] (also infml 口语亦作 puff) air taken into and sent out of the lungs （呼吸的）空气: * You can see people's breath on a cold day. 冷天能看到人们呼出的空气. * His breath smelt of garlic. 他呼出的气中有蒜味. (b) [C] single act of taking air into the lungs 吸气: * take a deep breath, ie fill the lungs with air 深吸一口气. 2 ~ of sth [sing] slight movement of air; gently blowing （空气的）轻微流动; 微风: * There wasn't a breath of air/wind. 一点儿风都没有. 3 ~ of sth [sing] (fig 比喻) slight suggestion or rumour of sth; hint of sth 迹象; 暗示: * a breath of scandal 一丝流言蜚语 * the first breath of spring 早春的气息. 4 (idm 习语) a breath of fresh air (a) opportunity to breathe clean air, esp out of doors 呼吸新鲜空气的机会（尤指户外）. (b) person or thing that is a welcome and refreshing change 带来起色的人或事物: * Her smile is a breath of fresh air in this gloomy office. 她的微笑给沉闷的办公室带来生气. the breath of `life (to/for sb) thing that stimulates or inspires (sb); thing that is necessary (to sb) （某人的）精神支柱; （某人）必不可少的东西: * Religion is the breath of life to/for her. 宗教是她不可或缺的精神支柱. catch one's breath => catch1. draw breath => draw2. draw one's first/last breath => draw2. get one's `breath (again/back) return to one's normal rate of breathing 恢复正常呼吸: * It took us a few minutes to get our breath back after the race. 赛跑後我们用了好几分钟才恢复了正常呼吸. hold one's `breath stop breathing for a short time (eg during a medical examination or from fear or excitement) 暂时屏住呼吸（如体检时或因恐惧、 激动）: * How long can you hold your breath for? 你能屏住呼吸多久? * The audience held its/their breath as the acrobat walked along the tightrope. 杂技演员走钢丝时, 观众都屏住了呼吸. in the same breath => same. lose one's breath => lose. one's last/dying `breath last moment of one's life 临终.

breath1
(be) out of/short of `breath breathing very quickly (eg after running fast); panting hard 呼吸急促（如快跑以後）; 喘不过气来; 上气不接下气: * His heart condition makes him short of breath. 他心脏状况不佳使他呼吸急促. save one's breath => save1. say sth, speak, etc under one's `breath say sth, etc in a whisper 低声地说. take sb's `breath away startle or surprise sb 使某人吃惊或惊奇. waste one's breath => waste2. with bated breath => bated. 派生： breathy adj (-ier, -iest) (of the voice) with a noticeable sound of breathing （指嗓音）带有明显呼吸声音的. 复合： `breath test test of a driver's breath to measure how much alcohol he has drunk 呼吸测验（对司机的呼吸的测验, 以确定其体内酒精含量）.

breathalyse
[5breWElaiz; 5breWElaiz] v test (sb) with a breathalyser （用呼吸分析器）检验（某人）. 派生： breathalyser n (Brit) (US breathalyzer, drunkometer) device used by the police for measuring the amount of alcohol in a driver's breath 呼吸分析器（警方用以测量司机呼吸中的酒精含量的仪器）.

breathe
[bri:T; briT] v 1 [I] take air into the lungs and send it out again 呼吸: * People breathe more slowly when they are asleep. 人睡觉时呼吸比较缓慢. * She's still breathing, ie still alive. 她仍在呼吸（还活着）. * He was breathing hard/heavily after racing for the train. 他跑着赶上火车以後, 吃力地喘着气. 2 [Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ in/out; ~ sth (in/out) take (air, etc) into or send (it) out of the lungs 吸入或呼出（空气等）: * The doctor told me to breathe in and then breathe out (again) slowly. 医生叫我吸气然後（再）慢慢地呼出. * It's good to breathe (in) fresh country air instead of city smoke. 呼吸乡间的新鲜空气而不吸入城市的烟尘是有益的. 3 [Tn] say (sth) softly; whisper 轻声说（某事）; 低语: * breathe loving words in sb's ear 在某人耳边低语情话 * breathe a threat 低声说出恐吓的话. 4 show that one is full of (a feeling); exude 表示充满（感情）; 流露: * The team breathed confidence before the match. 该队在比赛前显得很有信心. 5 (idm 习语) (be able to) breathe (easily/freely) again feel calm or relieved after a period of tension, fear or exertion; relax （在一度紧张、 恐惧或努力之後）恢复平静或安下心来; 松口气: * Now my debts are paid I can breathe again. 现在我已还清欠债, 可以松口气了. breathe down sb's `neck (infml 口) be close behind sb (eg in a race); watch sb (too) closely 随後紧跟某人（如赛跑中）; 紧紧盯住（某人）: * I can't concentrate with you breathing down my neck. 你这样紧紧盯着我, 使我精神无法集中. (not) breathe a `word (of/about sth) (to sb) (not) tell sb sth (esp a secret); (not) reveal sth to sb （不）告诉某人某事（尤指秘密）; （不）向某人透露某事: * Promise me you won't breathe a word of this to anyone. 答应我别将此事泄漏给任何人. breathe one's `last (fml euph 文, 婉) die 断气. 6 (phr v) breathe sth into sb/sth fill (a person or group) with (a feeling) 使（某人或团体）充满（某种感情）:

breathe1
* The new manager has breathed fresh life into (ie revitalized) the company. 新经理给公司带来了朝气. 派生： breathing n [U] action of breathing 呼吸: heavy breathing 深沉的呼吸 * [attrib 作定语] breathing apparatus 呼吸器. `breathing-space n [C, U] time to rest between periods of effort; pause 歇口气的时间; 暂停: The summer holidays gave us a welcome breathing-space. 暑假给了我们一段愉快的歇夏时间.

breather
[5bri:TE(r); 5briTl] n (infml 口) 1 short pause for rest 短时间的休息: * take/have a breather 休息一下. 2 short period to refresh oneself in the open air （为提神而到户外的）短暂活动: * I must go out for a quick breather. 我得出去换换脑子了.

breathless
[5breWlis; 5breWlis] adj 1 (a) breathing quickly or with difficulty; panting 呼吸急促或困难的; 气喘吁吁的: * breathless after running up the stairs 跑上楼梯後气喘吁吁的 * Heavy smoking makes him breathless. 吸烟过多使他气喘. (b) causing one to be breathless; strenuous 引起气喘的; 费力的: * breathless haste/hurry/pace/speed 赶得使人喘不过气来的仓促[匆忙/步子/速度]. 2 (a) [pred 作表语] holding one's breath (because of fear, excitement, etc) （因恐惧、 激动等）屏住呼吸: * breathless with terror, wonder, amazement, etc 因恐怖、 诧异、 惊奇等而屏住呼吸. (b) [attrib 作定语] tense; making one hold one's breath 紧张的; 使人屏住呼吸的: * a breathless hush in the concert hall 音乐厅内屏息无声. 3 with no air or wind 无空气的; 无风的: * a breathless calm 死寂. > breathlessly adv. breathlessness n [U].

breathtaking
[5breWteikiN; 5breW7tekiN] adj very exciting; spectacular 非常激动人心的; 壮观的: * a breathtaking view, mountain-range, waterfall 壮丽的景色、 山脉、 瀑布 * Her beauty was breathtaking. 她艳丽动人. > breathtakingly adv.

bred
pt, pp of breed.

breech
[bri:tF; britF] n back part of a gun barrel where the bullet or shell is placed 枪炮的後膛（装子弹或炮弹的地方）: * a breech-loading gun 由後膛装弹的枪炮. Cf 参看 muzzle 2. 复合： `breech birth birth in which the baby's buttocks or feet appear first 臀位分娩. `breech-block n steel block that closes the breech of a gun 枪闩; 炮闩.

breed
[bri:d; brid] v (pt, pp bred/bred; bred] ) 1 [I] (of animals) produce young （指动物）生育, 繁殖: * How often do lions breed? 狮子多长时间产一次仔? 2 [Tn] keep (animals) for the purpose of producing young, esp by selecting the best parents for mating 饲养（动物）（尤指为选种繁殖的）: * breed cattle, dogs, horses, etc 养牛、 狗、 马等. 3 [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: * Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.n/a, Cn.t] ~ sb (as sth) bring up; train; educate 养育; 训练; 教育: * a well-bred child 有教养的孩子 * Spartan youths were bred as warriors. 斯巴达青年被培养成战士. 4 [Tn] lead to (sth); cause 导致（某事物）; 造成: * Dirt breeds disease. 污秽导致疾病丛生. * Unemployment breeds social unrest. 失业能造成社会不安定. 5 (idm 习语) born and bred => born. familiarity breeds contempt => familiarity. 派生： breed n 1 family or variety of animals, etc having a similar appearance and usu developed by deliberate selection （动物等的）品种（通常为特意繁殖的）: a breed of cattle, sheep, etc 牛、 羊等的品种 * What breed is your dog? 你的狗是什麽品种的? 2 type; kind 类型; 种类: a new breed of politician 新式的政治家. breeder n person who breeds animals 饲养员: a dog, horse, cattle, etc breeder 狗、 马、 牛等的饲养员 * a breeder of racehorses 赛马马匹的饲养员. `breeder reactor type of nuclear reactor that produces more radio-active material than is put into it 增殖反应堆. breeding n [U] 1 producing of young by animals （动物的）生育, 繁殖, 生殖: [attrib 作定语] the breeding season 繁殖季节. 2 keeping of animals for breeding （为繁殖）饲养动物: the breeding of horses 马的饲养. 3 (good manners resulting from) training or family background 教养; 有教养的举止: a man of good breeding 有良好教养的人. `breeding-ground n

breed1
1 place where wild animals go to produce their young （野生动物的）繁殖地: Some birds fly south to find good breeding-grounds. 有些鸟飞到南方去寻找适合产卵的地方. 2 (fig 比喻) place where sth (usu harmful) can develop 某事物（通常指有害事物）的滋生地: Damp, dirty houses are a breeding ground for disease. 房屋潮湿、 肮脏可滋生疾病.

breeze
block

brethren
[5breTrEn; 5breTrEn] n [pl] (arch except when used of or by certain religious groups 古用语, 现只用於某些宗教团体) brothers （某些宗教团体的）教友.

breve
[bri:v; briv] n (music 音) long note equal to two semibreves 倍全音符; 二全音符.

breviary
[5bri:viEri; - -ieri; 5brivi7eri] n book of prayers to be said daily by Roman Catholic priests 日课经（天主教神甫每日祈祷用的书）.

brevity
[5brevEti; 5brevEti] n [U] 1 shortness or briefness (of time) 短暂: * the brevity of Mozart's life 莫扎特短暂的一生. 2 conciseness (in speaking or writing) （说话或行文的）简洁: * He is famous for the brevity of his speeches. 他以言词简洁着称.

brew
[bru:; bru] v 1 [Tn] make (beer) by mixing, boiling and fermenting malt, hops, etc and water 酿造（啤酒）: * He brews his own beer at home. 他在家自己酿造啤酒. 2 (a) [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) prepare (a hot drink, esp tea) by mixing leaves, etc with boiling water 调制（热饮料, 尤指沏茶）; 冲泡: * We brewed (up) a nice pot of tea. 我们沏了一壶好茶. (b) [I] (esp of tea) become brewed （尤指茶）沏着, 冲泡着: * There's (a pot of) tea brewing in the kitchen. 厨房里沏了（一壶）茶. 3 (a) [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) prepare or plan (sth unpleasant) 图谋, 策划（不愉快的事物）: * Those boys are brewing mischief. 那些孩子正在搞恶作剧. * brew (up) a wicked plot 图谋不轨. (b) [I] (of sth unpleasant) grow in force; look likely to happen; develop （指不愉快的事物）形成, 即将发生, 酝酿: * A storm is brewing. 暴风雨即将来临. * Trouble is brewing in the trade unions. 工会正酝酿着闹事. * In 1938 war was brewing in Europe. 1938年欧洲酝酿着一场战争. 4 (phr v) brew up (infml 口) prepare a drink of tea 沏茶: * campers brewing up outside their tents 在帐篷外烧火沏茶的露营者. 派生： brew n 1 (a) (amount of) drink made by brewing (esp tea or beer) 酿造或冲泡的饮料（的量）（尤指茶或啤酒）: home brew, ie beer made at home 家酿的饮料（自制的啤酒） * What's your favourite brew (of beer)? 你爱喝什麽啤酒? * We'll need more than one brew (eg of tea) for twenty people. 我们二十人不能只沏一份（如茶）. (b) quality or nature of what is brewed （啤酒或茶等的）质量: I like a good strong brew. 我喜欢喝浓的. 2 (fig 比喻) any mixture of circumstances, ideas, events, etc （环境、 思想、 事件等的）混合物: The film is a rich brew of adventure, sex and comedy. 这部电影是惊险、 性爱及幽默的大杂烩. brewer n person whose job is brewing beer 啤酒酿造者. brewery[5bruEri; 5bruEri]

brew1
n building in which beer is brewed 啤酒厂. Cf 参看 distillery (distiller). 复合： `brew-up n (Brit infml 口) act of making tea 沏茶: We always have a brew-up at 11 o'clock. 我们总是在11点钟沏茶.

briar
= brier.

bribe
[braib; braib] n thing given, offered or promised to sb to influence or persuade him to do sth (often dishonest) for the giver 贿赂: * take/accept bribes 受贿 * The policeman was offered/given a bribe of 500 to keep his mouth shut. 向该警察行贿500英镑让他闭口不言. 派生： bribe v 1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tnt] ~ sb (with sth) give a bribe (of sth) to sb; try to persuade sb to do sth with a bribe 用（某事物）向某人行贿; 行贿以说通某人做某事: attempt to bribe a jury with offers of money 试图以金钱贿赂陪审团 * One of the witnesses was bribed to give false evidence. 有个证人受贿而提供伪证. (b) [I] give bribes; practise bribery 行贿. 2 (idm 习语) bribe one's way into/out of sth, past sb, etc get somewhere by using bribery 用行贿手段到达某处或达到某目的: He bribed his way past the guard and escaped. 他买通看守而逃之夭夭了. 3 (phr v) bribe sb into doing sth make sb do sth with a bribe 贿赂某人做某事. bribable/ 5braIbEbl; `braIbEbl/ adj able to be bribed 可受贿的; 可收买的. bribery[5braibEri; 5braibEri] n [U] giving or taking of bribes 行贿; 受贿: * accuse/convict sb of bribery 指控[宣判]某人贿赂.

bric
a-brac

brick
[brik; brik] n 1 [C, U] (usu rectangular block of) baked or dried clay used for building （通常指长方形的）砖, 坯: * a pile of bricks 一堆砖 * houses built/made of red brick 红砖造的房屋 * [attrib 作定语] a brick wall 砖墙. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page vi. 2 [C] child's (usu wooden) toy building block 积木. 3 [C] thing shaped like a brick, esp a block of ice-cream 砖形的东西; （尤指）冰激凌. 4 [C] (Brit infml 口) generous or loyal person 慷慨的或忠实的人: * She's been a real brick, looking after me while I've been ill. 我病中她一直照看我, 真是个大好人. 5 (idm 习语) bang, etc one's head against a brick wall => head1. drop a brick/clanger => drop2. like a cat on hot bricks => cat1. like a ton of bricks => ton. make bricks without `straw try to work without adequate material, money, information, etc 要工作却无充分物力、 财力、 资料等; 作无米之炊. 派生： brick v (phr v) brick sth in/up fill in, block or seal (an opening) with bricks 用砖堵住（洞口）: brick up a window/doorway/fireplace to prevent draughts 用砖把窗户[门口/壁炉]堵住以防止进风. 复合： `brickbat n 1 piece of brick, esp one thrown as a weapon 砖头（尤指作武器投掷的）. 2 (fig infml 比喻, 口) rude or derogatory remark; insult 粗鲁的或贬责的话; 凌辱: The Minister's speech was greeted with brickbats. 部长的演说遭到了抨击. `bricklayer [C], `bricklaying [U] ns (workman trained or skilled in) building with bricks 砌砖盖房; 砖瓦匠. `brickwork n [U] 1 (part of a) structure built of bricks 用砖造的建 物（的部分）: The brickwork in this house is in need of repair. 这所房子的砖造部分需要修理. 2 building with bricks 砌砖工程: Are you any good at brickwork? 你擅长瓦工活儿吗? `brickyard n place where bricks are made 砖场; 砖厂.

bridal
[5braidl; 5braidl] adj [attrib 作定语] of a bride or wedding 新娘的; 婚礼的: * the bridal party, ie the bride and her attendants and close friends 新娘一方 * a bridal suite, ie a suite of rooms in a hotel for a newly married couple 新婚套间（旅馆中的新婚夫妇用房）.

bride
[braid; braid] n woman on or just before her wedding-day; newly married woman 新娘; 新婚的妇女.

bridegroom
[5braidgrum, also -gru:m; 5braid7grum, -grum] (also groom) n man on or just before his wedding-day; newly married man 新郎; 新婚的男子: * Let's drink (a toast) to the bride and bridegroom! 让我们举杯向新娘和新郎祝贺!

bridesmaid
[5braidzmeid; 5braidz7med] n young woman or girl (usu unmarried and often one of several) attending a bride at her wedding 女傧相; 伴娘. Cf 参看 best man (best1).

bridle
[5braidl; 5braidl] n part of a horse's harness that goes on its head, including the metal bit for the mouth, the straps and the reins 马勒（包括衔铁、 笼头、 绳）. 派生： bridle v 1 [Tn] put a bridle on (a horse) 给（马）装马勒. 2 [Tn] (fig 比喻) keep (feelings, etc) under control; restrain 控制（感情等）; 约束: bridle one's emotions/passions/temper/rage 控制[感情/热情/脾气/怒气] * bridle one's tongue, ie be careful what one says 说话谨慎. Cf 参看 unbridled. 3 [I, Ipr] ~ (at sth) show anger, resentment, etc (because of sth), esp by drawing one's head up or back （因某事物）表示愤怒、 不满等（尤指作昂首或收颔状）: He bridled (with anger) at her offensive remarks. 他听了她无礼的话（愤怒得）扬起头来. 复合： `bridle-path (also `bridle-way) n path suitable for horse-riding, but not for cars, etc 马道（适宜骑马而不通行汽车的路）.

Brie
[bri:; bri] n [U] type of soft French cheese 布里乾酪（一种柔软的法国乾酪）.

brief
1[bri:f; brif] adj (-er, -est) 1 (a) lasting only a short time; short 时间短暂的; 简短的: * a brief conver-sation, discussion, meeting, visit, delay 短暂的谈话、 讨论、 会议、 访问、 耽搁 * Mozart's life was brief. 莫扎特的一生是短暂的. (b) (of speech or writing) using few words; concise （指说话或写作）简短的; 简洁的: * a brief account, report, description, etc of the accident 对事故简短的叙述、 报道、 描述 * Please be brief, ie say what you want to say quickly. 请简断截说. 2 (of clothes) short; scanty （指衣着）短的, 刚刚够大的: * a brief bikini 短小的比基尼游泳衣. 3 (idm 习语) in brief in a few words 简言之: * In brief, your work is bad. 总之, 你做得不好. 派生： briefly adv 1 for a short time 短暂地: He paused briefly before continuing. 他停了片刻又继续进行. 2 in a few words 简单地说: Briefly, you're fired! 一句话, 你被解雇了!

briefcase
[5bri:fkeis; 5brif7kes] n flat leather or plastic case for carrying documents （扁平的、 皮革或塑料的）公事包. =>illus at luggage 见luggage之插图.

brier
(also briar)[5braiE(r); 5brail] n 1 thorny bush; wild rose 荆棘; 野玫块. 2 bush with a hard woody root used for making tobacco-pipes 欧石南（其坚硬木质根部可制作烟斗）. 3 tobacco-pipe made from this （用欧石南根制成的）烟斗.

brig
[brig; brig] n 1 sailing-ship with two masts and square sails 方帆双桅船. 2 (US) prison, esp one on a warship for members of the Navy 禁闭室（尤指军舰上关押海军人员的）.

brigade
[bri5geid; bri5ged] n 1 army unit, usu of three battalions, forming part of a division 旅（陆军的编制单位）. 2 group of people, esp one organized for a particular purpose 队, 组（尤指为某特殊目的而组织的）: * the fire brigade 消防队 * (joc 谑) He's joined the bowler-hatted brigade working in the City. 他已跻身於那帮戴常礼帽的人的行列, 在伦敦商业区工作. 派生： brigadier[7brigE'diE(r); 7brigE'dir] n officer in the British Army between the ranks of colonel and major general, commanding a brigade; staff officer having similar status （英国陆军）准将, 旅长; （相当於该地位的）参谋长. =>App 9 见附录9.

brigand
[5brigEnd; 5brigEnd] n (dated 旧) member of a band of robbers, esp one attacking travellers in forests and mountains 强盗, 土匪（尤指在山林中抢劫旅客的）.

brigantine
[5brigEnti:n; 5brigEn7tin] n sailing-ship like a brig, but with fewer sails 双桅帆船.

bright
[brait; brait] adj (-er, -est) 1 giving out or reflecting much light; shining 发光的; 反光的; 明亮的: * bright sunshine 灿烂的阳光 * bright eyes 明亮的眼睛 * Tomorrow's weather will be cloudy with bright periods. 明天的天气多云、 间中有阳光. 2 (of a colour) intense; bold; vivid （指颜色）鲜艳的, 鲜明的, 醒目的: * a bright blue dress 宝蓝色的连衣裙 * The leaves on the trees are bright green in spring. 春天树上的叶子是翠绿的. 3 promising; hopeful 光明的; 有希望的: * a child with a bright future 有前途的孩子 * Prospects for the coming year look bright. 来年前景看来很有希望. 4 cheerful and lively 愉快的; 活泼的: * She has a bright personality. 她个性爽朗. 5 clever; intelligent 伶俐的; 聪明的; 有智慧的: * a bright idea/suggestion 高明的见解[建议] * He is the brightest (child) in the class. 他是班里最聪明的（孩子）. 6 (idm 习语) (be/get up) bright and `early very early in the morning 一大早; 大清早: * You're (up) bright and early today! 你今天真早哇! (as) bright as a `button very clever; quick-witted 聪敏的; 伶俐的; 机灵的. the bright `lights (excitement of) city life 都市生活（的丰富多彩）: * He grew up in the country, but then found he preferred the bright lights. 他在乡村长大, 但後来觉得很喜欢繁华的都市生活. a bright `spark (infml often ironic 口, 常作反语) lively and intelligent person (esp one who is young and promising) 活泼而聪明的人（尤指有为的年轻人）: * Some bright spark has left the tap running all night. 哪个小淘气干的聪明事, 让水龙头开了一夜. look on the `bright side find sth to be cheerful or hopeful about in spite of difficulties 在困境中看到事物光明的一面. 派生： bright adv brightly 光明地: The stars were shining bright. 星光灿烂. brighten[5braitn; 5braitn] v [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (up) (cause sth/sb to) become brighter, more cheerful or more hopeful （使某人[某事物]）焕发光彩, 更愉快, 更有希望:

bright1
* The sky/weather is brightening. 天空[天气]转晴. * He brightened (up) when he heard the good news. 他听到这个好消息时喜形於色. * Flowers brighten (up) a room. 房间里有了花显得满室生辉. brightly adv: a brightly lit room 照得明亮的房间 * brightly coloured curtains 颜色鲜艳的窗 . brightness n [U].

brill
[bril; bril] n flat-fish like a turbot 菱∣.

brilliant
[5briliEnt; 5briljEnt] adj 1 very bright; sparkling 非常明亮的; 光辉夺目的: * brilliant sunshine 灿烂的阳光 * a brilliant diamond 耀眼的钻石 * a sky of brilliant blue 蔚蓝色的天空. 2 (a) very intelligent; highly skilled or talented 极聪明的; 技艺精湛的; 才华横溢的: * a brilliant scientist, musician, footballer, etc 卓越的科学家、 音乐家、 足球运动员等 * She has a brilliant mind. 她头脑敏锐. (b) causing admiration; outstanding; exceptional 令人钦佩的; 杰出的; 非凡的: * a brilliant achievement, exploit, career, performance, etc 非凡的成就、 功绩、 事业、 表演等 * The play was a brilliant success. 这出戏是一大成功. > brilliance[5briliEns; 5briljEns] , brilliancy[5briliEnsi; 5briljEnsi] ns [U]. brilliantly adv.

brilliantine
[5briliEnti:n; 5briljEn7tin] n [U] oily substance used to make men's hair shiny and smooth （男用）润发油.

brim
[brim; brim] n 1 top edge of a cup, bowl, glass, etc （杯口、 碗口等的）边, 边缘: * full to the brim 满到边缘. 2 projecting edge of a hat, that gives shade and protection against rain 帽檐. =>illus at hat 见hat之插图. 派生： brim v (-mm-) 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) be or become full to the brim 注满: a mug brimming with coffee 注满咖啡的大缸子 * eyes brimming with tears 盈盈泪眼 * (fig 比喻) The team were brimming with confidence before the match. 这个队在比赛前充满了信心. 2 (phr v) brim over (with sth) overflow 溢出: a glass brimming over with water 溢出水的玻璃杯 * (fig 比喻) brim over with excitement, happiness, joy, etc 洋溢着兴奋、 幸福、 欢乐等. -brimmed (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) (of a hat) having the type of brim specified （指帽子）有某种檐的: a broad-/ wide-/ floppy-brimmed hat. brimful (also brim-full)[7brim'ful; 5brim'ful] adj [pred 作表语] ~ (of/with sth) full to the brim (with sth) （某物）满到边缘: * The basin was brim-full (of water). 盆（里的水）已经满到边了. * (fig 比喻) Our new manager is,brimful of `energy. 我们的新经理精力十分充沛.

brimstone
[5brimstEun; 5brim7ston] n [U] (arch 古) 1 sulphur 硫磺. 2 (idm 习语) fire and brimstone => fire1.

brindled
[5brindld; 5brindld] adj (esp of cows, dogs and cats) brown with streaks of another colour （尤指牛、 狗、 猫）棕色的并夹杂其他颜色之斑纹的.

brine
[brain; brain] n [U] 1 very salty water used esp for pickling 盐水（尤作腌泡用的）: * herrings pickled in brine 盐水腌过的鲱鱼. 2 sea-water 海水. 派生： briny adj salty 咸的. the briny n [sing] (dated joc 旧, 谑) the sea 海: take a dip in the briny 到海里小游片刻.

bring
[briN; briN] v (pt, pp brought/brC:t; brCt] ) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sb/sth (with one); ~ sth (for sb) come carrying sth or accompanied by sb 带着某物或某人来: * He always brings a bottle of wine (with him) when he comes to dinner. 他来吃饭时总是（随身）带来一瓶酒. * She brought her boyfriend to the party. 她带着男朋友来参加聚会. * The secretary brought him into the room/brought him in. 秘书带着他进入室内. * (fig 比喻) The team's new manager brings ten years' experience to the job. 该队新来的负责人有十年的工作经验. * Take this empty box away and bring me a full one. 把这个空盒子拿走, 给我拿个满的来. * Bring me a glass of water/Bring a glass of water for me. 给我拿一杯水来. 2 (a) [Tn] result in (sth); cause; produce 导致（某事物）; 引起; 产生: * These pills bring relief from pain. 这些药丸可以止痛. * Spring brings warm weather and flowers. 随着春天的到来, 天气和暖, 百花盛开. * The revolution brought many changes. 这场革命带来了许多变化. * The sad news brought tears to his eyes, ie made him cry. 他得知这一不幸的消息, 眼泪夺眶而出. (b) [Tn, Dn.n] produce (sth) as profit or income 产生, 创造（某事物）作为利润或收入: * His writing brings him 10000 a year. 他的作品给他带来一年10000英镑的收入. * Her great wealth brought her no happiness. 她的巨大财富并未给她带来幸福. 3 [Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth to sth cause sb/sth to be in a certain state or position 使某人[某事物]处於某种情况或境地: * His incompetence has brought the company to the brink of bankruptcy. 他很无能, 公司已因而濒於破产. 4 [Cn.g] cause (sb) to move in the way specified 使（某人）按某方式移动: * The full-back brought him crashing to the ground, ie caused him to fall heavily. 後卫把他 倒在地. * Her cries brought the neighbours running, ie caused them to come running to her. 她大声喊叫, 邻居闻声朝她跑来.

bring1
5 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (against sb) put forward (charges, etc) in a lawcourt 向法庭提起（诉讼等）: * bring a charge/a legal action/an accusation against sb 指控[起诉/控告]某人. 6 [Cn.t] force or make (oneself) do sth 强迫或促使（自己）做某事: * She could not bring herself to tell him the tragic news. 她没有勇气把那悲惨消息告诉他. 7 (used with to or into in many expressions to show that sb/sth is caused to reach the state or condition indicated by the n 与to或into连用可构成许多固定词组, 表示某人[某事物]达到其後的名词所示的情况或境地, 如 Her intervention brought the meeting to a close, ie ended the meeting 会议因她干预而中断; The mild weather will bring the trees into blossom, ie cause the trees to blossom 天气暖和, 树木就要开花了; for similar expressions, see entries for ns 类似固定词组见有关名词词条, 如 bring sth to an end => end.) 8 (For idioms containing bring, see entries for ns, adjs, etc 习语中有bring者, 见有关名词、 形容词等的词条, 如 bring sb to book => book1; bring sth to light => light1.) 9 (phr v) bring sth about (a) (nautical 海) cause (a sailing-boat) to change direction 使（帆船）改变方向: * The helmsman brought us (ie our boat) about. 那舵手把我们的船掉过头来. (b) cause sth to happen 使（某事物）发生; 导致: * bring about reforms, a war, sb's ruin 导致改革、 战争、 某人的毁灭 * The Liberals wish to bring about changes in the electoral system. 自由党人想要改变选举制度. =>Usage at cause 用法见 cause. bring sb/sth back (a) return sb/sth 送回某人[某事物]: Please bring back the book tomorrow. 请明天把书送回来. * He brought me back (ie gave me a lift home) in his car. 他用汽车把我送回家. bring sth back (a) restore or reintroduce sth 恢复某事物: MPs voted against bringing back the death penalty. 下议院议员投票反对恢复死刑.

bring2
(b) call sth to mind 回想起某事物: The old photograph brought back many memories. 这张旧照片引起许多回忆. bring sb back sth return with sth for sb 为某人带回某物: If you're going to the shops, could you bring me back some cigarettes? 你要是到商店去, 可以给我捎些香烟来吗? bring sb back to sth restore sb to sth 使某人恢复某事物: A week by the sea brought her back to health. 她待在海滨一周後恢复了健康. bring sb/sth before sb present sb/sth for discussion, decision or judgement 将某人[某事物]提交讨论或裁决: The matter will be brought before the committee. 此事将提交委员会讨论. * He was brought before the court and found guilty. 他出庭受审并被裁决有罪. bring sb down (a) (in football) cause sb to fall over by fouling him （足球）犯规使某人跌倒: He was brought down in the penalty area. 他在罚球区被对方撞倒. (b) (in Rugby) tackle sb （橄榄球）挡住对方带球跑的队员. (c) cause the defeat of sb; overthrow sb 使某人失败; 打倒某人: The scandal may bring down the government. 这一丑闻可能导致政府垮台. bring sth down (a) cause (an aircraft) to fall out of the sky 使（飞行器）从空中落下: bring down an enemy fighter 击落敌人一架战斗机. (b) land (an aircraft) 使（飞行器）着陆: The pilot brought his crippled plane down in a field. 驾驶员把失灵的飞机降落在田地里. (c) cause (an animal or a bird) to fall over or fall out of the sky by killing or wounding it 打死或打伤（禽兽）: He aimed, fired and brought down the antelope. 他瞄准羚羊射击, 把它打倒了. (d) lower or reduce sth 降低或减少某事物: bring down prices, the rate of inflation, the cost of living, etc 降低价格、 通货膨胀率、 生活费用等. (e) (mathematics 数) transfer (a digit) from one part of a sum to another 将（数字）移下. bring sth forth (fml 文) produce sth 产生某事物: Trees bring forth fruit. 树木能结出果实.

bring3
bring sth forward (a) move sth to an earlier time; advance sth 将某事物提前: The meeting has been brought forward from 10 May to 3 May. 会议已由5月10日提前到5月3日召开. (b) (in bookkeeping) transfer (the total of a column of figures) to the next column （簿记）将（一列数字的总数）转到下一列: A credit balance of 50 was brought forward from his September account. 贷方馀额50英镑是从他九月份的帐上转来的. (c) propose or present sth for discussion; raise sth 将某事提交讨论; 提出某事: matters brought forward from the last meeting 上次会议提出来的事项. bring sb in (a) (of the police) bring sb to a police station to be questioned or charged; arrest sb （指警察）将某人抓进警察局去盘问或起诉; 逮捕某人: Two suspicious characters were brought in. 逮捕了两名嫌疑犯. (b) introduce sb as an adviser, a helper, etc 介绍某人充当顾问、 助手等: Experts were brought in to advise the Government. 请来了专家担当政府顾问. bring sth in (a) pick and gather (crops, fruit, etc) 摘取并收集（作物、 水果等）: bring in a good harvest 获得好收成. (b) introduce (legislation) 提出（议案）: bring in a bill to improve road safety 提出改善道路安全的法案. (c) pronounce (a verdict on an accused person) 宣布（对被告的裁决）: The jury brought in a verdict of guilty. 陪审团裁断被告有罪. bring (sb) in sth produce (an amount) as profit or income (for sb) （使某人）获得（某数额）作为利润或收入: His freelance work brings (him) in 5000 a year. 他从事自由职业每年可获5000英镑. * He does odd jobs that bring him in about 30 a week. 他做零工每周可赚约30英镑. bring sb in (on sth) allow sb to participate in sth 让某人参与某事: Local residents were angry at not being brought in on (ie not being consulted about) the new housing scheme. 新的房屋计划未徵询当地居民的意见, 他们感到非常气愤. bring sb off rescue sb from a ship 从船上救出某人: The passengers and crew were brought off by the Dover lifeboat. 乘客及船员都被多佛尔的救生艇救出. bring sth off (infml 口) manage to do (sth difficult) successfully 设法把（困难的事情）做成功: The goalkeeper brought off a superb save. 守门员漂亮地救出了险球.

bring4
* It was a difficult task, but we brought it off. 那工作很困难, 但是我们圆满完成了. bring sb on help (a learner, etc) to develop or improve 帮助（学习者等）进步或提高: The coach is bringing on some promising youngsters in the reserve team. 教练正在帮助後备队中有前途的年轻人提高技术. bring sth on (a) lead to, result in or cause sth 导致、 造成或引起某事物: He was out in the rain all day and this brought on a bad cold. 他在外面淋了一天雨, 因此患了重感冒. * nervous tension brought on by overwork 因劳累过度所造成的神经紧张. (b) cause (crops, fruit, etc) to grow rapidly 促使（作物、 水果等）迅速生长: The hot weather is bringing the wheat on nicely. 因天气热小麦长势良好. bring sth on oneself/sb cause sth (usu unpleasant) to happen to oneself/sb else 使（通常为不愉快的）某事发生在自己[别人]身上: You have brought shame and disgrace on yourself and your family. 你给你本人和家庭带来了耻辱. bring sb out (a) cause sb to strike 使某人罢工: The shop-stewards brought out the miners. 工人代表发动矿工罢工. (b) cause sb to lose his shyness 使某人消除羞怯心理: She's nice but needs a lot of bringing out. 她很不错, 但尚需多加克服羞怯心理. bring sth out (a) cause sth to appear or open 使某事物出现或开放: The sunshine will bring out the blossom. 阳光将使花朵开放. (b) produce sth; publish sth 生产某物; 出版某物: The company is bringing out a new sports car. 公司正在生产一种新跑车. * bring out sb's latest novel 出版某人最新小说 * New personal computers are brought out almost daily. 几乎每天都能生产出新的私人计算机. (c) show sth clearly; reveal sth 清楚地显示出某事物; 揭示出某事物: The enlargement brings out the details in the photograph. 照片放大後细微之处都很清楚. (d) make sth clear or explicit 使某事物清楚或明白; 说明; 阐明: bring out the meaning of a poem 揭示一首诗的意义.

bring5
(e) cause (a quality) to be seen in sb; elicit sth 使某人的（品质）显现; 引出某物: A crisis brings out the best in her. 在紧急关头看出了她的优秀品质. bring sb out in sth cause sb to be covered in sth 使某人浑身都有某事物: The heat brought him out in a rash. 因气温很高, 他浑身长了皮疹. bring sb over (to...) cause sb to come to a place from overseas 使某人从海外来到某地: Next summer he hopes to bring his family over from the States. 他希望明年夏天把他一家人从美国接来. bring sb over (to sth) make sb change his way of thinking, loyalties, etc 使某人 改变思想方法、 信念等: bring sb over to one's cause 把某人争取到己方. bring sb round cause sb to regain consciousness after fainting 使某人恢复知觉: Three women fainted in the heat but were quickly brought round with brandy. 有叁个女子中暑昏倒, 全靠白兰地使她们很快苏醒过来了. bring sth round (nautical 海) make (a boat) face in the opposite direction 使（船）掉头. bring sb round/around (to...) cause sb to come to sb's house 使某人来串门: Do bring your wife round one evening; we'd love to meet her. 哪天晚上把你妻子带来, 我们都想见见她. bring sb round (to sth) convert sb, esp to one's point of view 改变某人的观点（尤指使之与自己一致）: He wasn't keen on the plan, but we managed to bring him round. 他本来不太喜欢这个计划, 但我们设法把他说服了. bring sth round to sth direct (a conversation) to a particular subject 把（话题）转移到某事物上: He brought the discussion round to football. 他把讨论的话题转到足球上去了. bring sb through help sb to recover; save sb 促使某人痊愈; 拯救某人: He was very ill, but the doctors brought him through. 他病得很厉害, 但经医生治疗他已转危为安. bring sb to = bring sb round. bring sth to (nautical 海) make (a boat) stop 使（船）停下. bring A and B together help (two people or groups) to end a quarrel; reconcile 促使（争执双方）和解; 使和好: The loss of their son brought the parents together. 夫妻双方因失去儿子而言归於好.

bring6
bring sb under bring sb under control; subdue sb 控制某人; 制服某人: The rebels were quickly brought under. 叛乱者很快被制服了. bring sth under sth include sth within a category 将某事物纳入某一范畴; 归类: The points to be discussed can be brought under three main headings. 所论各点可以归为叁个主要方面. bring sb up (a) (esp passive 尤用於被动语态) raise, rear or educate sb 培养, 养育或教育某人: She brought up five children. 她养育了五个孩子. * Her parents died when she was a baby and she was brought up by her aunt. 她出生後不久父母双亡, 是由姑母抚养大的. * a well-/badly-brought up child 有教养的[教养不良的]孩子 * He was brought up to (ie taught as a child to) respect authority. 他从小就受到尊敬师长的教育. Cf 参看 upbringing. (b) (law 律) cause sb to appear for trial 使某人出庭受审: He was brought up on a charge of drunken driving. 他被控醉後开车而出庭受审. (c) cause sb to stop moving or speaking suddenly 使某人突然停止移动或谈话: His remark brought me up short/sharp/with a jerk. 他的话我听後一下子楞住了. bring sb/sth up move or call (soldiers, guns, etc) to the front line 把（士兵、 枪炮等）调往前线: We need to bring up more tanks. 我们需要多调些坦克到前线. bring sth up (a) vomit sth 呕吐某物: bring up one's lunch 吐出午饭吃的食物. (b) call attention to sth; raise sth 使注意某事物; 提出某事物: These are matters that you can bring up in committee. 这些事你可以在委员会上提出. bring sb up against sth make sb face or confront sth 使某人面临或面对某事物: Working in the slums brought her up against the realities of poverty. 她在贫民区工作, 使她正视贫困的现实. bring sb/sth up to sth bring sb/sth to (an acceptable level or standard) 使某人[某事物]达到（认可的水平或标准）: His work in maths needs to be brought up to the standard of the others. 他的数学功课需要赶上别人的水平.

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复合： ,bring-and-`buy sale (Brit) sale, often for charity, at which people bring items for sale and buy those brought by others 义卖（常为慈善性质, 人们自携物品进行交易）.

brink
[briNk; briNk] n 1 [C usu sing 通常作单数] (a) edge at the top of a steep high place, eg a cliff （陡峭处, 如峭壁顶端的）边缘: * the brink of a precipice 悬崖的边缘. (b) edge of a stretch of (usu deep) water 深渊的边缘: * He stood shivering on the brink, waiting to dive in. 他站在边上等待跳水时浑身发抖. 2 [sing] the ~ of sth (fig 比喻) point or state very close to sth unknown, dangerous or exciting （未知的、 危险的或刺激性事物的）边缘: * on the brink of death, war, disaster, success 在死亡、 战争、 灾难、 成功的边缘 * Scientists are on the brink of (making) a breakthrough in the treatment of cancer. 科学家们在治疗癌症方面即将获得重大突破. * His incompetence has brought us to the brink of ruin. 他很无能已导致我们濒临绝境.

brinkmanship
[5briNkmEnFip; 5briNkmEn7Fip] n [U] art or practice of pursuing a dangerous policy to the limits of safety, eg to the brink of war 边缘政策（将危险的政策推到极限, 如战争的边缘）.

briny
=> brine.

brioche
[5bri:CF; - 'bri:EuF; 5brioF] n small round sweetened bread roll 奶油圆蛋糕.

briquette
(also briquet)[bri5ket; bri5ket] n small block of compressed coal-dust used as fuel 煤砖, 煤饼, 煤球（煤渣压制成的燃料）.

brisk
[brisk; brisk] adj (-er, -est) 1 quick; active; energetic 敏捷的; 活泼的; 精神饱满的: * a brisk walk, walker 轻快的散步、 走路轻快的人 * at a brisk pace 以轻快的步伐 * a brisk and efficient manner 胜任愉快的样子 * Business is brisk today. 今天生意兴隆. 2 giving a healthy feeling; refreshing 令人爽快的; 清新的: * a brisk breeze 清新的微风. > briskly adv. briskness n [U].

brisket
[5briskit; 5briskit] n [U] meat (usu beef) cut from the breast of an animal （动物的）胸肉（通常指牛肉）.

bristle
[5brisl; 5brisl] n 1 short stiff hair 短而硬的毛发: * a face covered with bristles 满脸胡楂儿. 2 one of the short stiff hairs in a brush 刷子毛: * My toothbrush is losing its bristles. 我的牙刷掉毛. 派生： bristle v 1 [I, Ip] ~ (up) (of an animal's fur) stand up stiffly in fear or anger （指动物的毛）竖起（因惧怕或发怒）: The dog's fur bristled as it sensed danger. 那狗觉察到危险时, 毛都竖立起来了. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) show anger, indignation, etc 显出愤怒、 愤慨等: bristle with defiance, pride, etc 充溢着蔑视、 傲慢等 * She bristled (with rage) at his rude remarks. 她听了他粗鲁的话怒不可遏. 3 (phr v) bristle with sth be thickly covered with sth; have a large number of sth (usu unpleasant) 覆盖着很厚的或很密的某物; 有大量的某事物（通常指坏的）: trenches bristling with machine-guns 布满机枪的战壕 * The problem bristles with difficulties. 此问题困难重重. bristly[5brisli; 5brisli] adj like or full of bristles; prickly; rough 如刚毛的; 多硬毛的; 有剌的; 粗糙的: * a bristly chin 长满胡楂儿的下巴 * She finds his beard too bristly. 她觉得他的胡须太扎人.

Brit
[brit; brit] n (esp joc or derog 尤作戏谑语或作贬义) British person 英国人.

Britain
[5britn; 5britn] n = Great Britain (great). =>Usage at great 用法见great.

Britannic
[bri5tAnik; bri5tAnik] adj Her/His BritannicMajesty (fml 文) Queen/King of Britain 英国女王[国王/陛下].

British
[5britiF; 5britiF] adj 1 of the United Kingdom (of Great Britain and Northern Ireland) or its inhabitants （大不列颠及北爱尔兰）联合王国的; 英国人民的: * a British passport 英国护照 * the British Government 英国政府 * He was born in France but his parents are British. 他出生於法国, 但父母是英国人. 2 (idm 习语) the best of British => best3. 派生： the British n [pl v] British people 英国人民. Britisher n (US) native or inhabitant of Britain, esp of England 英国人; （尤指）英格兰人. 复合： ,British `English English as spoken in the British Isles 英式英语（不列颠群岛的人说的英语）. the ,British `Isles Britain and Ireland with the islands near their coasts 不列颠群岛（包括不列颠和爱尔兰两岛及周围小岛）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, pages xiv, xv. =>Usage at great 用法见 great.

Briton
[5britn; 5britn] n native or inhabitant of Britain 英国土着或居民. =>Usage at great 用法见great.

brittle
[5britl; 5britl] adj 1 (a) hard but easily broken; fragile 硬而易碎的; 脆弱的: * as brittle as thin glass 如薄玻璃一样容易破碎. (b) (fig 比喻) easily damaged; insecure 容易损坏的; 不安全的: * He has a brittle temper, ie loses his temper easily. 他脾气急. * Constant stress has made our nerves brittle. 我们长期处於紧张状态, 神经已吃不消了. 2 (of a sound) unpleasantly hard and sharp （指声音）尖利的: * a brittle laugh 尖利的笑声 * The orchestra was brittle in tone. 管弦乐队演奏的曲调尖利刺耳. 3 (of a person) lacking in warmth; hard （指人）冷 淡的, 难相处的: * a cold, brittle woman 冷漠、 不好接近的女人. > brittleness n [U].

broach
[brEutF; brotF] v [Tn] 1 make a hole in (a barrel) to draw off the liquid inside; open (a bottle, etc) to use the contents 在（桶）上打眼放出液体; 打开（瓶子等）以使用其中之物: * Let's broach another bottle of wine. 我们再打开一瓶酒吧. 2 (fig 比喻) begin a discussion of (a topic) 开始商讨（一议题）: * He broached the subject of a loan with his bank manager. 他向银行经理提出贷款问题.

broad
1[brC:d; brCd] adj (-er, -est) 1 large in size from one side to the other; wide 宽的; 阔的; 广的: * a broad street, avenue, river, canal, etc 宽阔的街道、 林荫道、 河流、 运河等 * broad shoulders 宽肩膀 * He is tall, broad and muscular. 他身高肩宽, 肌肉发达. Cf 参看 narrow 1, thin 1. 2 (after a phrase expressing measurement 用於表示量度的词组之後) from side to side; in breadth 宽: * a river twenty metres broad 一条二十米宽的河. 3 (of land or sea) covering a wide area; extensive （指陆地或海洋）辽阔的, 宽广的: * a broad expanse of water 辽阔无际的水面 * The broad plains of the American West. 美国西部辽阔的平原. * (fig 比喻) There is broad support for the Government's policies. 政府的政策得到广泛的拥护. 4 clear; obvious; unmistakable 清楚的; 明显的; 无误的: * a broad grin/smile 咧嘴而笑 * The Minister gave a broad hint that she intends to raise taxes. 首相明白地暗示她打算提高税额. 5 [attrib 作定语] general; not detailed 大概的; 不详细的; 粗略的: * the broad outline of a plan, proposal, etc 计划、 建议等的提纲 * The negotiators reached broad agreement on the main issues. 谈判者在主要问题上基本达成协议. * She's a feminist, in the broadest sense of the word. 她大体上算是一个男女平等主义者. 6 (of ideas, opinions, etc) tolerant; liberal （指思想、 意见等）宽宏的, 胸怀开阔的: * a man of broad views 豁达大度的人. 7 (of speech) having many of the sounds typical of a particular region （指言语）方言腔调很重的: * a broad Yorkshire accent 很重的约克郡口音. 8 indecent; coarse 下流的; 粗俗的: * broad humour 粗俗的幽默. 9 (idm 习语) (in) broad `daylight (in) the full light of day （在）光天化日; 大白天: * The robbery occurred in broad daylight, in a crowded street. 在拥挤的街道上, 光天化日之下竟发生了抢劫. broad in the `beam (infml 口) (of a person) rather fat round the hips （指人）臀部相当丰满的. it's as ,broad as it's `long (Brit infml 口) it makes no real difference which of two alternatives one chooses 在两者中选择哪一个并无实际分别; 横竖都一样.

broad1
派生： broaden[5brC:dn; 5brCdn] v [I, Ip, Tn] ~ (out) (cause sth to) become broader （使某物）加宽; 变宽: * He (ie His body) broadened out in his twenties. 他二十多岁时身躯变宽了. * The road broadens (out) after this bend. 经过这一弯处以後, 路就变宽了. * You should broaden your experience by travelling more. 你应该多到各地走走以增广见识. broadly adv 1 in a broad1(4) way 清楚地; 明显地; 无误地: smile/grin broadly 开怀地笑. 2 generally 一般地; 大体上; 概括地: Broadly speaking, I agree with you. 我大体上同意你的意见. broadness n [U] = breadth. the Broads n [pl] group of shallow lakes in E Anglia, popular for boating holidays 布罗兹区（英吉利郡东部以度假划船胜地见称的浅湖区）: the Norfolk Broads 诺福克郡的布罗兹湖区. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, pages xiv, xv. 复合： ,broad `bean (a) type of bean with large flat edible seeds 蚕豆（植物）. (b) one of these seeds 蚕豆（种子）. ,Broad `Church group within the Church of England favouring a liberal interpretation of doctrine 广教会派（英国国教中主张不拘泥於教条的派别）. `broad jump (US) = long jump (long). ,broad-`minded adj willing to listen to opinions different from one's own; not easily shocked; tolerant愿意听取不同意见的; 心胸开阔的; 度量大的. ,broad-`mindedness n [U]. `broadsword n (formerly) large sword with a broad blade, used for cutting rather than stabbing （旧时）（宽刃的）大砍刀.

broadcast
[5brC:dka:st; - 'brC:dkAst; 5brCd7kAst] v (pt, pp broadcast) 1 (a) [Tn] send out (programmes) by radio or television （用无线电或电视）播送（节目）: * broadcast the news, a concert, a football match 播送新闻、 音乐演奏、 足球比赛. (b) [I] send out radio or television programmes 播送（无线电或电视）节目: * The BBC broadcasts all over the world. 英国广播公司向全世界播送节目. 2 [I] speak or appear on radio or television （在无线电或电视上）讲话或出现: * He broad-casts on current affairs. 他发表时事广播演说. 3 [Tn] make (sth) widely known 宣布（某事物）: * broadcast one's views 表明自己的观点. 4 [I, Tn] sow (seed) by scattering 撒播（种子）. 派生： broadcast n radio or television programme （无线电或电视的）广播节目: a party political broadcast, eg before an election 某党派的政治广播节目（如选举前） * a broadcast of a football match 足球比赛的广播节目. broadcaster n person who broadcasts 广播员: a well-known broadcaster on political/religious affairs 政治[宗教]事务的着名广播员. broadcasting n [U] sending out programmes on radio or television （无线电或电视节目）广播: work in broadcasting 从事广播工作 * [attrib 作定语] the British Broadcasting Corporation, ie the BBC 英国广播公司.

broadcloth
[5brC:dklCW; - -klC:W; 5brCd7klCW] n [U] fine cloth of cotton, wool or silk （棉、 毛或丝织成的）细布.

broadloom
[5brC:dlu:m; 5brCd7lum] n, adj (carpet) woven in broad widths 织成宽幅的（地毯）.

broadsheet
[5brC:dFi:t; 5brCd7Fit] n 1 large sheet of paper printed on one side only with information or an advertisement, etc （单面印有信息、 广告等的）大张印刷品. 2 newspaper printed on a large size of paper （大幅的）报纸. Cf 参看 tabloid.

broadside
[5brC:dsaid; 5brCd7said] n 1 (a) firing at the same time of all the guns on one side of a warship （战舰一侧的）舷炮齐发: * fire a broadside 舷炮轰击. (b) (fig 比喻) fierce attack in words, either written or spoken （口头或书面的）猛烈抨击: * The Prime Minister delivered a broadside at her critics. 首相对批评她的人进行了猛烈抨击. 2 side of a ship above the water （水面以上的）舷侧. 3 (idm 习语) broadside `on (to sth) (of a ship) with one side facing (sth); sideways on （指船）以侧面对着（某物）: * The ship hit the harbour wall broadside on. 这条船的侧面碰撞了港口岸壁.

brocade
[brE'keid; bro'ked] n [C, U] fabric woven with a raised pattern, esp of gold or silver threads 浮花锦缎（尤指有金丝或银丝的）: * [attrib 作定语] brocade curtains 织锦 子. 派生： brocade v [Tn] decorate (cloth) with raised patterns （织物上）织出浮花: a dress brocaded with floral designs 织有花卉图案的连衣裙.

broccoli
[5brCkEli; 5brakEli] n [U] type of cauliflower with many small greenish flower-heads, eaten as a vegetable 花椰菜; 花茎甘蓝. =>illus at cabbage 见cabbage之插图.

brochure
[5brEuFE(r); - brEu'FuEr; bro'Fur] n booklet or pamphlet containing information about sth or advertising sth （作介绍或宣传用的）小册子: * a travel/holiday brochure 旅游[度假]指南.

broderie anglaise
[7brEudri C:N'gleiz; bro'dri aN'glez] n [U] open embroidery on white linen, etc; cloth embroidered in this way 英格兰刺绣（在白亚麻布等上的剌绣）; 有英格兰剌绣的织物.

brogue
1[brEug; brog] n (usu pl 通常作复数) strong outdoor shoe with thick soles and a pattern in the leather （户外穿的结实的厚底）镂花皮鞋: * a pair of brogues 一双镂花皮鞋.

broil
[brCil; brCil] v 1 (esp US) (a) [Tn] cook (meat) on a fire or gridiron; grill （在火上或铁架上）烧烤（肉类）; 炙: * broil a chicken 烤鸡. (b) [I] be cooked in this way 烧; 烤. 2 [I, Tn] (cause sb to) be or become very hot （使某人感到）极热: * sit broiling in the sun 坐在阳光下曝晒 * a broiling day 炎热的一天. 派生： broiler n young chicken reared for broiling or roasting （适於烧烤的）嫩鸡: [attrib 作定语] a broiler house, ie a building in which such chickens are kept and reared （饲养此类鸡的）鸡房. Cf 参看 roaster (roast).

broke
1 pt of break1.

broken
1 pp of break1.

broker
[5brEukE(r); 5brokl] n 1 person who buys and sells things (eg shares in a business) for others; middleman 经纪人（如替人买卖股票的）; 中间人; 掮客: * insurance broker 保险业经纪人. 2 = stockbroker (stock1). 3 official appointed to sell the goods of sb who cannot pay his debts 出售无力偿债者财物的官员. 派生： brokerage[5brEukEridV; 5brokEridV] n [U] broker's fee or commission （中间人的）经手费、 佣金或回扣.

brolly
[5brCli; 5brali] n (infml 口 esp Brit) umbrella 伞.

bromide
[5brEumaid; 5bromaid] n 1 [C, U] chemical compound of bromine, used in medicine to calm the nerves 溴化物（用作镇静剂）. 2 [C] (infml 口) old, stale idea or statement 陈腐的想法或言语.

bromine
[5brEumi:n; 5bromin] n [U] chemical element, a non-metallic liquid, compounds of which are used in medicine and photography 溴. =>App 10 见附录10.

bronchial
[5brCNkiEl; 5braNkiEl] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of or affecting the two main branches of the windpipe (bronchial tubes or bronchi) leading to the lungs 支气管的: * bronchial asthma 支气管哮喘 * bronchial pneumonia 支气管肺炎. =>illus at respire 见respire之插图.

bronchitis
[brCN'kaitis; braN'kaitis] n [U] inflammationof the mucous membrane inside the bronchial tubes 支气管炎. 派生： bronchitic/brCN'kitik; braN'kitik] adj suffering from or prone to bronchitis 患支气管炎的; 易患支气管炎的.

bronco
[5brCNkEu; 5braNko] n (pl ~s) wild or half-tamed horse of the western US （美国西部的）野马或半驯服的马.

brontosaurus
[7brCntE'sC:rEs; 7brantE'sCrEs] n (pl ~es) large plant-eating dinosaur 雷龙（一种巨大的食草恐龙）.

Bronx cheer
[7brCNks 'tFiE(r); 7braNks 'tFir] (US infml 口) = raspberry 2.

bronze
[brCnz; branz] n 1 [U] alloy of copper and tin 青铜（铜与锡的合金）: * a statue (cast) in bronze 青铜像. 2 [U] colour of bronze; reddish-brown 青铜色; 赤褐色: * tanned a deep shade of bronze 晒成了赤褐色. 3 [C] (a) work of art, eg a statue, made of bronze 青铜制艺术品（如铜像）: * a fine collection of bronzes 一批珍藏的青铜制品. (b) = bronze medal. 派生： bronze v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] make (sth) bronze in colour 使（某物）变成赤褐色: a face bronzed by the sun 被太阳晒成赤褐色的面孔. bronze adj made of or having the colour of bronze 青铜制成的; 青铜色的: a bronze vase, statue, bowl, axe, etc 青铜制的花瓶、 雕像、 碗、 斧等 * the bronze tints of autumn leaves 秋天树叶的赤褐色. 复合： the `Bronze Age period when men used tools and weapons made of bronze (between the Stone Age and the Iron Age) 青铜器时代（介於石器时代与铁器时代之间）. bronze `medal medal awarded as third prize in a competition or race （比赛获第叁名奖给的）铜牌, 铜质奖章.

brooch
[brEutF; brotF] n ornament with a hinged pin and clasp, worn on women's clothes （女子衣物上佩带的）饰针, 胸针.

brood
[bru:d; brud] n [C, Gp] 1 all the young birds or other animals produced at one hatching or birth （一窝孵出的）幼鸟; （一次产出的）动物: * a hen and her brood (of chicks) 母鸡和它的一窝小鸡. 2 (joc 谑) family of children 一家的孩子: * There's Mrs O'Brien taking her brood for a walk. 奥布赖恩太太领着她那群孩子散步呢. 派生： brood v 1 [I] (of a bird) sit on eggs to hatch them （指鸟）孵雏. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (on/over sth) think (about sth) for a long time in a troubled or resentful way 忧闷地沉思（某事物）: When he's depressed he sits brooding for hours. 他消沉的时候, 就坐着沉思几小时. * It doesn't help to brood on your mistakes. 对所犯的错误耿耿於怀是无济於事的. broody adj (-ier, -iest) 1 (a) (of a hen) wanting to brood （指母鸡）要孵卵的. (b) (fig 比喻) (of a woman) badly wanting to have a baby （指妇女）迫切想有个孩子的. 2 (fig 比喻) moody; depressed 沮丧的; 抑郁的: Why are you so broody today? 你今天为什麽这样闷闷不乐? broodily adv. broodiness n [U]. 复合： `brood-mare n mare kept for breeding 传种母马.

brook
1[bruk; bruk] n small stream 小溪.

broom
1[bru:m; brum] n [U] shrub with yellow or white flowers growing esp on sandy ground 金雀花（多生长於沙地）.

Bros
abbr 缩写 = (commerce 商) Brothers: Hanley Bros Ltd, Architects & Surveyors 汉利兄弟建 及测量有限公司.

broth
[brCW; - brC:W; brCW] n [U] 1 water in which meat, fish or vegetables have been boiled; stock （煮肉、 鱼或蔬菜的）清汤; 原汤; 高汤. 2 soup made from this （以上述汤料做的）汤: * Scotch broth 苏格兰汤. 3 (idm 习语) too many cooks spoil the broth => cook n.

brothel
[5brCWl; 5braWEl] n house where men pay to have sex with prostitutes 妓院.

brother
[5brQTE(r); 5brQTl] n 1 man or boy having the same parents as another person 兄; 弟: * my elder/younger brother 我的哥哥[弟弟] * Does she have any brothers or sisters? 她有兄弟姐妹吗? * Have you invited the Smith brothers to the party? 你邀请史密斯兄弟参加宴会了吗? * He was like a brother to me, ie very kind. 他待我像兄弟一样. =>App 8 见附录8. 2 person united with others by belonging to the same group, society, profession, etc 同志; 同人; 同行; 同业; 同事: * We are all brothers in the same fight against injustice. 在共同反对非正义行为的斗争中, 我们都是同志. * [attrib 作定语] He was greatly respected by his brother doctors/officers. 与他共事的医生[军官]对他非常尊敬. 3 (pl brethren[5breTrEn;'breTrEn] ) (a) (title of a) member of a religious order, esp a monk （同教会的）教友（的称呼）; （尤指）修士: * Brother Luke will say grace. 卢克修士将做感恩祷告. (b) member of certain evangelical Christian sects （基督教某些福音派的）教友: * The Brethren hold a prayer meeting every Thursday. 教友每周四举行一次祷告会. 4 (idm 习语) brothers in `arms soldiers serving together, esp in wartime 战友. 派生： brother interj (esp US) (used to express irritation or surprise 用以表示恼怒或惊奇): Oh, brother! , 好家伙! brotherhood[-hud; -7hud] n 1 [U] (a) relationship of brothers 兄弟的关系: * the ties of brotherhood 兄弟间的手足亲情. (b) comradeship; friendship between brothers 同志关系; 兄弟情谊: * live in peace and brotherhood 和睦友好地生活. 2 [C, Gp] members of an association formed for a particular purpose, eg a religious society or socialist organization 全体志同道合者（如宗教社团或社会主义组织中的）. brotherly adj of or like a brother 兄弟的; 兄弟般的: brotherly love/affection/feelings 兄弟般的爱[深情/感情]. brotherliness n [U].

brother1
复合： brother-in-law[5brQTEr in lC:; 5brQTEr in 7lC] (pl -s-in-law[5brQTEz in lC:; 5brQTlz in 7lC] ) 1 brother of one's husband or wife 大伯子; 小叔子; 内兄; 内弟. 2 husband of one's sister 姐夫; 妹夫. 3 husband of the sister of one's wife or husband 姐夫, 妹夫（妻子或丈夫的姐姐或妹妹的丈夫）. =>App 8 见附录8.

brougham
[5bru:Em; 5bruEm] n (formerly) four-wheeled closed carriage drawn by one horse （旧时）（一匹马拉的有车厢的）四轮马车.

brought
pt, pp of bring.

brouhaha
[5bru:ha:ha:; - 'bru:ha:ha:; 5bruhaha] n [U] (infml 口) noisy excitement or commotion 喧嚷; 骚动.

brow
[brau; brau] n 1 (usu pl 通常作复数) = eyebrow. 2 = forehead: * mop one's brow 擦前额. =>Usage at body 用法见body. 3 slope leading to the top (of a hill); edge (of a cliff) （山的）坡顶; （悬崖的）边缘: * Our car stalled on the brow of a steep hill. 我们的汽车在山顶陡坡处抛锚了. 4 (idm 习语) knit one's `brow(s) => knit.

browbeat
[5braubi:t; 5brau7bit] v (pt browbeat, pp browbeaten[5braubi:tn; 5brau7bitn] ) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (into doing sth) frighten sb with stern looks and words; bully ; intimidate （以神情或言语）吓唬某人; 欺侮; 威吓: * The judge browbeat the witness. 那法官威吓证人. * I won't be browbeaten into accepting your proposals. 我不会在威迫之下接受你的提议. 派生： browbeaten adj frightened through constant bullying （因不断受欺侮）害怕的: a poor, browbeaten little clerk 可怜的、 被吓坏的小职员.

brown
[braun; braun] adj (-er, -est) 1 having the colour of toasted bread, or coffee mixed with milk 褐色的; 棕色的: * brown eyes 棕色的眼睛 * dark brown shoes 深褐色的皮鞋 * leaves turning brown in the autumn 秋天枯黄的树叶. 2 having skin of this colour; sun-tanned 棕色皮肤的; 太阳晒黑的: * He's very brown after his summer holiday. 他一暑假皮肤晒得黝黑. 3 (idm 习语) (as) brown as a `berry having skin tanned brown by the sun or the weather 皮肤晒得黝黑的. in a brown `study in deep thought; in a reverie 沉思; 默想; 出神. 派生： brown n 1 [C, U] brown colour 棕色: leaves of various shades of brown 各种深浅不同的棕色树叶. 2 [U] brown clothes 褐色衣物: Brown doesn't suit you. 你不适合穿褐色衣服. brown v [I, Tn] 1 (cause sth to) become brown （使某物）变成褐色: Heat the butter until it browns. 把黄油加热, 直到变成褐色为止. * a face browned by the sun 太阳晒黑了的面孔. 2 (idm 习语) browned `off (infml 口 esp Brit) bored; fed up; disheartened 厌烦的; 忍受够了的; 气馁的: He's browned off with his job. 他厌烦他的工作. browning n [U] substance for colouring gravy （调制肉汁的）棕色着色剂. brownish, browny adjs tending towards brown; fairly brown 带褐色的; 近棕色的. 复合： ,brown `bread bread made with wholemeal flour 黑面包. ,brown `paper strong coarse paper for wrapping parcels, etc （棕色的粗糙的）包装纸. `brownstone n [U] reddish-brown sandstone used for building （建 用的）褐沙石. ,brown `sugar sugar that is only partly refined 红糖; 黄糖.

brownie
[5brauni; 5brauni] n 1 small good-natured fairy 棕仙（性情善良的小精灵）. 2 Brownie (also Brownie Guide) member of the junior branch of the Guides (who wear brown uniforms) （身着褐色制服的）幼年童子军. 3 (esp US) small rich cake made with chocolate and nuts （带坚果的）巧克力蛋糕.

browse
[brauz; brauz] v 1 (a) [I] examine books in a casual, leisurely way 随意翻阅书刊; 浏览: * browse in a library/bookshop 在图书馆[书店]里浏览书籍. (b) [Ipr] ~ through sth look through (a book, etc) in this way 浏览（书等）: * browse through a magazine 浏览杂志. 2 [I] (of cows, goats, etc) feed by nibbling grass, leaves, etc （指牛、 羊等）吃（草、 树叶等）: * cattle browsing in the fields 在田间吃草的牛. 派生： browse n (usu sing 通常作单数) (act or period of) browsing 浏览: have a browse in a bookshop 在书店浏览一段时间.

bruise
[bru:z; bruz] n injury caused by a blow to the body or to a fruit, discolouring the skin but not breaking it 挫伤: * He was covered in bruises after falling off his bicycle. 他从自行车上 下来, 满身青一块、 紫一块. 派生： bruise v 1 [Tn] cause a bruise or bruises on (sth/sb) 使（某物[某人]）受挫伤: He fell and bruised himself/his leg. 他跌倒後身体[腿]受了挫伤. * Her face was badly bruised in the crash. 她碰得鼻青脸肿. 2 [I] show the effects of a blow or knock 显出击伤或碰伤: Don't drop the peaches they bruise easily. 桃儿容易碰伤--要轻拿轻放. * (fig 比喻) Don't hurt her feelings she bruises very easily. 别伤害她的感情--她很娇气. bruiser n (infml 口) large strong tough man 彪形大汉: He looks a real bruiser. 他真像个彪形大汉.

bruit
[bru:t; brut] v (phr v) ~ sth abroad/about (fml or joc 文或谑) spread (a rumour or report) 散布（谣言或传言）: * It's been bruited about that... 到处传播... * The news of the impending marriage was bruited abroad. 婚期临近的消息传遍了各处.

brunch
[brQntF; brQntF] n [C, U] (infml 口 esp US) late morning meal eaten instead of breakfast and lunch 早午餐（早餐和午餐并作一顿吃）.

brunette
[bru:'net; bru'net] n white woman with dark-brown hair and (usu) darkish skin （生有深褐色头发和通常为浅黑色皮肤的）白种女子. Cf 参看 blond.

brunt
[brQnt; brQnt] n (idm 习语) bear the brunt of sth => bear2.

brush
1[brQF; brQF] n 1 [C] implement with bristles of hair, wire, nylon, etc set in a block of wood, etc and used for scrubbing, sweeping, cleaning, painting, tidying the hair, etc （用鬃毛、 金属丝、 尼龙等制造的）刷子, 画笔, 毛笔: * a `clothes-brush 衣刷 * a `tooth-brush 牙刷 * a `paintbrush 画笔 * a `hairbrush 发刷. =>illus 见插图. 2 [sing] act of brushing 刷: * give one's clothes, shoes, teeth, hair a good brush 把自己的衣服、 鞋、 牙齿、 头发好好刷一刷. 3 [sing] light touch (made in passing) （经过时）轻触: * He knocked a glass off the table with a brush of his coat/arm. 他的大衣[手臂]把桌上的玻璃杯碰掉了. 4 [C] fox's tail 狐狸尾巴. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page iii. 5 [U] land covered by small trees and shrubs; undergrowth 灌木丛地带; 矮树丛: * [attrib 作定语] a brush fire 灌木丛火灾. 6 [C] ~ with sb short unfriendly encounter with sb; quarrel 与某人有小冲突; 争吵: * a brush with the law/police 轻微的触犯法律[与警方有小冲突] * She had a nasty brush with her boss this morning. 今天早晨她跟老板大吵了一顿. 7 (idm 习语) tarred with the same brush => tar1. 复合： `brushwood n [U] 1 broken or cut branches or twigs （折断的或砍下的）树枝. 2 = brush1 5. `brushwork n [U] particular way in which an artist paints with a brush （画家的）笔法: Picasso's brushwork is particularly fine. 毕加索的笔法精妙绝伦.

brusque
[bru:sk; - brQsk; brQsk] adj (of a person, his manner, etc) rough and abrupt; curt （指人及人的举止等）粗暴和唐突, 无礼的: * a brusque attitude 粗鲁的举止 * His reply was brusque. 他的回答很唐突. > brusquely adv. brusqueness n [U].

Brussels
[5brQslz; 5brQslz] adj [attrib 作定语] of or from Brussels in Belgium 比利时布鲁塞尔的; 从比利时布鲁塞尔来的: * Brussels lace/carpets 布鲁塞尔花边[地毯]. 复合： ,Brussels `sprout (also sprout) 1 type of cabbage with edible buds like tiny cabbages growing on its stem 汤菜; 抱子甘蓝. 2 (esp pl 尤作复数) one of these buds, eaten as a vegetable 汤菜（可食用的球芽）. =>illus at cabbage 见cabbage之插图.

brutal
[5bru:tl; 5brutl] adj cruel; savage; merciless 残忍的; 野蛮的; 冷酷无情的: * a brutal tyrant, dictator, murderer, etc 残忍的暴君、 独裁者、 谋杀犯等 * a brutal attack, murder, punishment 野蛮的进攻、 谋杀、 惩罚. 派生： brutality/bru:'tAlEti; bru'tAlEti] n 1 [U] brutal behaviour; cruelty; savagery 野蛮的行为; 残忍; 野蛮. 2 [C] brutal act 暴行: * the brutalities of war 战争的暴行. brutalize, -ise v [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] make (sb) brutal or insensitive 使（某人）变得残酷无情: soldiers brutalized by a long war 因长期战争而变得残忍的士兵. brutally[5bru:tEli; 5brutli] adv.

brute
[bru:t; brut] n 1 animal, esp a large or fierce one 野兽（尤指巨大或凶猛的）: * That dog looks a real brute. 那条狗真像一只野兽. 2 (sometimes joc 有时作戏谑语) brutal and insensitive person 残忍及冷酷无情的人: * His father was a drunken brute. 他的父亲是个酗酒成性、 冷酷无情的人. * You've forgotten my birthday again, you brute! 你真没良心, 又把我的生日忘了! 3 unpleasant or difficult thing 令人不快或难办的事情: * a brute of a problem 棘手的问题 * This lock's a brute it just won't open. 这个锁真讨厌--就是打不开. 派生： brute adj [attrib 作定语] not involving thought or reason; unthinking 无理性的; 无思想的: brute force/strength 暴力[蛮力]. brutish adj of or like a brute 野兽的; 野兽般的: brutish behaviour, manners, etc 野兽般的行为[举止]. brutishly adv.

BS
[7bi: 'es; 7bi 'es] abbr 缩写 = 1 (US) Bachelor of Science 理学士. 2 (Brit) Bachelor of Surgery 外科学士: * have/be a BS 有外科学士学位[为外科学士] * Tom Hunt MB, BS 汤姆．亨特医学士, 外科学士. 3 (on labels, etc) British Standard (showing the specification number of the British Standards Institution) （标签等上的）英国标准（表明英国标准学会的规格编号）: * produced to BS4353 按照英国标准规格编号4353生产的. Cf 参看 AS2.

BSc
[7bi: es 'si:; 7bi es 'si] (US BS) abbr 缩写 = Bachelor of Science 理学士: * have/be a BSc in Botany 有植物学理学士学位[为植物学理学士] * Jill Ayres BSc 吉尔．艾尔斯理学士.

BSI
[7bi: es 'ai; 7bi es 'ai] abbr 缩写 = British Standards Institution 英国标准学会.

BST
[7bi: es 'ti:; 7bi es 'ti] abbr 缩写 = British Summer Time 英国夏令时间. Cf 参看 GMT.

Bt
abbr 缩写 = Baronet: James Hyde-Stanley Bt 詹姆士．海德．斯坦利准男爵.

BTA
[7bi: ti: 'ei; 7bi ti 'e] abbr 缩写 = British Tourist Authority 英国旅游管理局.

Bthu
(also Btu) abbr 缩写 = British thermal unit(s) 英国热量单位.

bubble
[5bQbl; 5bQbl] n 1 floating ball formed of liquid and containing air or gas （液体形成的）气泡: * soap bubbles 肥皂泡 * Children love blowing bubbles. 儿童爱吹泡泡. 2 ball of air or gas in a liquid or a solidified liquid such as glass （液体或由液体变成的固体, 如玻璃, 中存留的）气泡: * Champagne is full of bubbles. 香槟酒有很多气泡. * This glass vase has a bubble in its base. 这个玻璃花瓶底座里有一个气泡. 3 (idm 习语) prick the bubble => prick2. 派生： bubble v 1 [I] (of a liquid) rise in or form bubbles; boil （指液体）起泡, 沸腾: stew bubbling in the pot 在锅里冒着泡的炖肉. 2 [I] make the sound of bubbles 发出气泡声: a bubbling stream/fountain 的溪流[泉水]. 3 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (over) (with sth) (fig 比喻) be full of (usu happy) feelings 充满（通常指喜悦的）感情: be bubbling (over) with excitement, enthusiasm, high spirits, etc 充满激动、 兴奋、 高昂等情绪. 4 (phr v) bubble along, out, over, up, etc move in the specified direction in bubbles or with a bubbling sound 向某方向 地流动: a spring bubbling out of the ground 冒出地面的泉水 * Gases from deep in the earth bubble up through the lake. 地下深处的气体从湖底冒了出来. bubbly[5bQbli; 5bQbli] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 full of bubbles 充满气泡的: * bubbly lemonade 泡多的汽水. 2 (fig approv 比喻, 褒) (usu of a woman) lively; vivacious; animated （通常指女子）活泼的, 快活的, 生气勃勃的: * a bubbly personality 活泼的个性. n [U] (infml 口) champagne 香槟酒: * Have some more bubbly! 再喝一些香槟酒吧! 复合： ,bubble and `squeak cooked cabbage and potato mixed and fried 洋白菜煎土豆. `bubble bath liquid, crystals or powder added to a bath to make it foam and smell pleasant （加进浴水中可产生泡沫和香味的）泡沫液, 泡沫粒, 泡沫粉. `bubble gum chewing-gum that can be blown into bubbles 泡泡糖（可吹成泡泡的口香糖）.

bubonic plague
[bju:7bCnik 'pleig; bju7banik 'pleg] (also the plague) contagious, usu fatal, disease spread by rats, causing swellings in the armpits and groin, fever and delirium 腺鼠疫; 腹股沟淋巴结鼠疫.

buccaneer
[7bQkE'niE(r); 7bQkE'nir] n 1 pirate 海盗. 2 unscrupulous and reckless person 肆无忌惮的人.

buck
1[bQk; bQk] n 1 (pl unchanged or ~s 复数或不变 或作bucks) male deer, hare or rabbit 雄鹿; 雄兔. Cf 参看 stag 1. 2 (US sl derog 俚, 贬) [esp attrib 尤作定语] young Indian or Negro man 年轻的印第安人或黑人. 复合： `buckskin n [U] soft leather made from the skin of deer or goats, used for making gloves, bags, etc （鹿皮或羊皮所制成的）柔软皮革（用以制手套、 皮包等）. ,buck-`tooth n (pl -teeth) projecting upper front tooth （突出的）上前牙; 獠牙.

bucket
[5bQkit; 5bQkit] n 1 round open container with a handle for carrying or holding liquids, sand, etc （带提梁的）圆桶; 提桶: * build sandcastles with a bucket and spade 用提桶和铁铲建造沙堆模型城堡. =>illus 见插图. 2 (also `bucketful) amount a bucket contains 一桶的量; 一满桶: * two buckets/bucketfuls of water 两桶[满桶]水. 3 scoop of a mechanical shovel, dredger, water-wheel, etc （挖土机、 挖泥机上的）铲斗; （水轮机上的）戽斗等. 4 buckets [pl] large amounts (esp of rain or tears) 大量（尤指雨或泪）: * The rain came down/fell in buckets. 大雨倾盆而下. * She wept buckets. 她泪如雨下. 5 (idm 习语) a drop in the bucket/ocean => drop1. kick the `bucket => kick1. 派生： bucket v [I, Ip] ~ (down) (of rain) pour down heavily （指雨）倾盆而下: It/The rain bucketed down all afternoon. 瓢泼大雨下了一下午. 复合： `bucket seat (in a car or an aircraft) seat with a rounded back, for one person （汽车或飞机上的）凹背单人坐具. `bucket-shop n (infml derog 口, 贬) unregistered business, esp one selling cheap airline tickets 无照商号（尤指卖廉价机票的）.

buckeye
[5bQkai; 5bQk7ai] n (US) 1 horse-chestnut tree 七叶树. 2 its shiny reddish-brown nut （七叶树的）坚果（光滑, 呈红褐色）.

buckle
[5bQkl; 5bQkl] n 1 metal or plastic clasp with a hinged spike for fastening a belt or straps （皮带等的）锁扣, 扣环. 2 ornamental clasp on a shoe （鞋上的）装饰扣. 派生： buckle v 1 [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (up) fasten (sth) or be fastened with a buckle 用锁扣扣紧（某物）: My belt is loose; I didn't buckle it up tightly enough. 我的腰带松了, 我没扣紧. * These shoes buckle at the side. 这鞋在侧面系扣. 2 [I, Tn] (cause sb/sth to) crumple or bend (usu because of pressure or heat) （使某人[某事物]）屈服, 顺从, 让步, 弄弯, 变形（通常因受力或受热所致）: The metal buckled in the heat. 金属因受热而变形. * The crash buckled the front of my car. 我的汽车前部撞瘪了. * (fig 比喻) He's beginning to buckle under the pressure of work. 工作快要把他压垮了. 3 (phr v) buckle down to sth (infml 口) start sth in a determined way 下定决心做某事: She's really buckling down to her new job. 她埋头苦干做新工作. buckle sb in/into sth fasten sb in (a seat, etc) with a belt 用皮带把某人扣在（座位等）上: The parachutist was buckled into his harness. 跳伞者扣上了背带. buckle (sth) on (cause sth to) be attached with a buckle （使某物）被锁扣扣住: a sword that buckles on 用锁扣扣住的剑 * buckle on one's belt 把自己的皮带系紧. buckle `to (infml 口) (esp of a group) make a special effort (usu in the face of difficulties) （尤指集体）特别努力（通常为面对困难时）: The children had to buckle to while their mother was in hospital. 孩子们因母亲住院只好事事更加努力.

buckler
[5bQklE(r); 5bQkll] n small round shield held by a handle or worn on the arm （有柄的或戴在臂上的）小圆盾.

buckram
[5bQkrEm; 5bQkrEm] n [U] stiff cloth used esp for binding books 硬布（尤用於装订书籍）.

buckshee
[7bQk'Fi:; 5bQk7Fi] adj, adv (Brit sl 俚) free of charge 免费（的）: * buckshee tickets 免费票 * travel buckshee 免费旅行.

buckshot
[5bQkFCt; 5bQk7Fat] n [U] large size of lead shot1(5) for firing from shotguns （猎枪用的）大号铅弹.

buckwheat
[5bQkwi:t; - -hwi:t; 5bQk7hwit] n [U] dark seeds of grain used for feeding horses and poultry 荞麦. 复合： `buckwheat flour flour made from these seeds, used in US for breakfast pancakes 荞麦粉; 荞麦面.

bucolic
[bju:'kClik; bju'kalik] adj of country life or the countryside; rustic 乡村生活的; 田园生活的. 派生： bucolics n [pl] poems about country life 田园诗.

bud
[bQd; bQd] n 1 small knob from which a flower, branch or cluster of leaves develops 花蕾; （枝叶的）芽: * Buds appear on the trees in spring. 春天树木发芽了. 2 flower or leaf not fully open 未全开的花; 未长成的叶. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page ii. 3 (idm 习语) (be) in bud having or sending out buds 含苞待放中; 萌芽中: * The trees and hedgerows are in bud. 大树小树都已长出嫩芽. nip sth in the bud => nip. 派生： bud v (-dd-) [I] produce buds 发芽: The trees are budding early this year. 今年树木发芽早. budding adj beginning to develop well 开始发展的: a budding novelist, actor, sportsman, etc 崭露头角的小说家、 演员、 运动员等.

Buddhism
[5budizEm; 5budizEm] n [U] Asian religion based on the teachings of the N Indian philosopher Gautama Siddartha or Buddha 佛教. > Buddhist/ 5bUdIst; `bJdIst/ n, adj: * a devout Buddhist 虔诚的佛教徒 * Buddhist monks 佛教徒 * a Buddhist temple 佛教的寺院.

buddy
[5bQdi; 5bQdi] n (infml 口 esp US) friend 朋友: * Hi there, buddy! 嘿, 老兄! * He and I were buddies at school. 他和我求学时期是好朋友.

budge
[bQdV; bQdV] v [I, Tn] (usu in negative sentences 通常用於否定句) 1 (cause sth to) move slightly （使某物）稍微移动, 动一动: * My car's stuck in the mud, and it won't budge/I can't budge it. 我的汽车陷入泥中, 一动也不动[我无法使它移动]. 2 (cause sb to) change an attitude or opinion （使某人）改变态度或意见: * Once he's made up his mind, he never budges/you can never budge him (from his opinion). 他一旦下了决心就毫不动摇[无法使他改变（意见）].

budgerigar
[5bQdVEriga:(r); 5bQdVEri7gar] n type of Australian parakeet, often kept as a cage-bird 澳洲长尾小鹦鹉; 虎皮鹦鹉.

budget
[5bQdVit; 5bQdVit] n 1 (a) estimate or plan of how money will be spent over a period of time, in relation to the amount of money available 预算: * a weekly budget 周预算. (b) annual government statement of a country's expenditure and how it will be financed 政 府的年度预算: * The Chancellor of the Exchequer is expected to announce tax cuts in this year's budget. 人们期望财政大臣公布在本年度预算中削减税收. 2 amount of money needed or allotted for a specific purpose 专用开支; 专款: * limit oneself to a daily budget of ￡10 限制自己每日零花10英镑. 3 (idm 习语) on a (tight) budget having only a small amount of money 缺少钱; 拮 : * A family on a budget can't afford meat every day. 经济拮 的家庭不能每天享用肉食. 派生： budget v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (for sth) plan the spending of or provide (money) in a budget 将（款项）编入预算: The government has budgeted ￡10000000 for education spending. 政府将10000000英镑编入教育预算. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (for sth) save or allocate money (for a particular purpose) （为某目的）存钱, 安排款项, 编预算: If we budget carefully, we'll be able to afford a new car. 我们精打细算就能买辆新汽车了. * budget for the coming year, for a holiday abroad, for a drop in sales, etc 为来年、 为去外国度假、 为营业额下降时...安排款项. budget adj [attrib 作定语] inexpensive; cheap 不贵的; 便宜的; 廉价的; 贱的: a budget meal, holiday 经济实惠的饭菜、 假日. budgetary[5bQdVitEri; - -teri; 5bQdVi7teri] adj of a budget 预算的: * budgetary provisions 预算的拨款. 复合： `budget account account at a shop, etc into which a customer makes regular payments, receiving credit in proportion to these; similar account at a bank, for paying regularly recurring bills 预算帐户.

budgie
[5bQdVi; 5bQdVi] n (infml 口) = budgerigar.

buff
1[bQf; bQf] n [U] 1 (a) strong soft dull-yellow leather 柔韧的暗黄色的皮革. (b) colour of this 暗黄色. 2 (idm 习语) in the `buff (infml 口 esp Brit) with no clothes on 一丝不挂; 赤身露体. strip to the buff => strip. 派生： buff adj made of or having the colour of buff 用柔韧的暗黄色皮革制的; 暗黄色的: a buff envelope, uniform 牛皮纸信封、 暗黄色制服. buff v [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) polish sth with a soft material （用柔软的材料）擦亮、 抛光某物: buff (up) shoes with a cloth 用布把鞋擦亮.

buffalo
[5bQfElEu; 5bQfEl7o] n (pl unchanged or ~es 复数或不变或作buffaloes) large ox of various kinds, including the wild S African buffalo, the tame (often domesticated) Asian buffalo and the N American bison 水牛; （南非或北美的）野牛: * fifty buffaloes 五十头水牛 * a herd of buffalo 一群野牛.

buffer
1[5bQfE(r); 5bQfl] n 1 device for lessening the effect of a blow or collision, esp on a railway vehicle or at the end of a railway track 缓冲器, 减震器（尤指设於铁路车辆或铁轨末端的）. 2 (fig 比喻) person or thing that lessens a shock or protects sb/sth against difficulties 缓冲者; 缓冲物: * His sense of humour was a useful buffer when things were going badly for him. 他有幽默感, 这使他在逆境中聊以自慰. 3 country or area between two powerful states, lessening the risk of war between them 缓冲国; 缓冲地区: * [attrib 作定语] a buffer state/zone 缓冲国[地带]. 派生： buffer v [Tn] act as a buffer to (sb/sth) （对某人[某事物]）起缓冲作用; 缓和; 缓解.

buffet
1[5bufei; - bE'fei; bE'fe] n 1 counter where food and drink may be bought and consumed, esp in a railway station or on a train 饮食柜台（尤指火车站或火车内的）. 2 meal at which guests serve themselves from a number of dishes; food provided for this 自助餐; （自助餐的）食物: * Dinner will be a cold buffet, not a sit-down meal. 正餐是凉的自助餐, 不是坐着让人侍候的那一种. * [attrib 作定语] a buffet lunch/supper 自助午餐[晚餐]. 复合： `buffet car railway carriage serving light meals （火车）餐车.

buffoon
[bE'fu:n; bE'fun] n ridiculous but amusing person; clown 滑稽有趣的人; 丑角: * play the buffoon 扮演丑角. 派生： buffoonery[-Eri; -Eri] n [U] ridiculous behaviour; clowning 滑稽可笑的举动; 扮小丑.

bug
[bQg; bQg] n 1 [C] small flat foul-smelling insect infesting dirty houses and beds 臭虫. 2 [C] (esp US) any small insect 小昆虫. 3 [C] (infml 口) (illness caused by a) germ or infectious virus 细菌或传染性病毒（引起的疾病）: * I think I've caught a bug. 我看我已经受细菌感染了. * There are a lot of bugs about in winter. 冬天有很多流行病. 4 (usu 通常作 the bug) [sing] (infml 口) obsessive interest (in sth specified) （对所指事物的）极大兴趣: * He was never interested in cooking before, but now he's been bitten by/he's got the bug. 他以前对烹饪从不感兴趣, 但是现在可着迷了. 5 [C] (infml 口) defect in a machine, esp a computer 机器故障（尤指计算机的）: * There's a bug in the system. 设备中有故障. 6 [C] (infml 口) small hidden microphone placed (eg by intelligence services) so that conversations can be heard at a distance 窃听器: * search a room for bugs 搜查房间寻找窃听器 * plant a bug in an embassy 在大使馆内放置窃听器. 7 (idm 习语) snug as a bug in a rug => snug. 派生： bug v (-gg-) [Tn] 1 (a) fit (a room, telephone, etc) with a hidden microphone for listening to conversations 将窃听器装在（房间、 电话等）里: This office is bugged. 这个办公室已装上了窃听器. (b) listen to (a conversation, etc) with a hidden microphone （用窃听器）窃听（谈话等）: a bugging device 窃听装置 * Be careful what you say; our conversation may be being bugged. 说话要当心, 咱们的话可能被窃听了. 2 (infml 口 esp US) annoy (sb); irritate （使某人）烦恼; 激怒: What's bugging you? 你有什麽别扭事儿? * That man really bugs me. 那个人真把我惹火了. 复合： `bug-eyed adj (infml 口) with bulging eyes 凸眼的.

bugbear
[5bQgbeE(r); 5bQg7ber] n thing that is feared or disliked or causes annoyance 使人畏惧或厌恶的事物; 造成困扰的事物: * Inflation is the Government's main bugbear. 通货膨胀是政府的主要难题.

bugger
[5bQgE(r); 5bQgl] n ( 讳 esp Brit) 1 (law 律) person who commits buggery; sodomite 鸡奸者. 2 (infml 口) (a) annoying or contemptible person 讨厌的人; 小人: * You stupid bugger! You could have run me over! 你这个浑蛋! 你差一点儿把我辗死! (b) (in expressions of sympathy or kind feeling) person or animal （用於表示同情或关心的词语）人或动物: * Poor bugger! His wife left him last week. 可怜的家伙! 他妻子上星期离开了他. 3 (infml 口) thing that causes difficulties 造成困难的事物: * This door's a (real) bugger to open. 这扇门（真）难开. 4 (idm 习语) play silly buggers => silly. 派生： bugger v ( 讳) 1 [Tn] (law 律) have anal intercourse with (sb) 与（某人）鸡奸. 2 [Tn] (infml 口) (usu imperative, expressing anger or annoyance at sb/sth 通常用於祈使语气, 表示对某人[某事物]愤怒或烦恼): Bugger it! I've burnt the toast. 妈的! 我把面包片烤焦了. * You're always late, bugger you. 你他妈老迟到. 3 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) (infml 口) spoil or ruin sth 糟蹋, 毁坏（某事物）. 4 (idm 习语) ,bugger `me (infml 口) (expressing surprise or amazement 表示惊奇或惊异): Bugger me! Did you see that? 好家伙! 你看到了吗? 5 (phr v) bugger about/around (infml 口) behave stupidly or irresponsibly （笨拙地或不负责任地）胡闹, 乱来: Stop buggering about with those matches or you'll set the house on fire. 别玩火柴了, 不然要把房子烧了. bugger sb about/around (infml 口) treat sb badly or in a casual way 苛待或慢待某人: I'm sick of being buggered about by the company. 我讨厌公司对我这样冷淡. bugger off (infml 口) (esp imperative 尤用於祈使语气) go away 走开: Bugger off and leave me alone. 走 开, 别烦我. * I was only two minutes late but they'd all buggered off. 我只晚了两分钟, 可他们全走了. bugger interj ( infml 讳, 口) (expressing anger or annoyance 表示气愤或烦恼): Oh bugger! I've left my keys at home. 他妈的! 我把钥匙落在家里了. buggered adj ( infml 讳, 口) [pred 作表语] very tired; exhausted 非常疲倦; 筋疲力尽: I'm completely buggered after that game of tennis. 这场网球可把我累垮了. buggery[5bQgEri; 5bQgEri]

bugger1
n [U] ( law 讳, 律) anal intercourse; sodomy 鸡奸. 复合： ,bugger-`all n [U] ( infml 讳, 口) nothing 什麽也没有; 屁事没有: There's bugger-all to do in this place. 这儿没什麽屁事可干.

buggy
[5bQgi; 5bQgi] n 1 small strongly-built motor vehicle （坚固的）小机动车: * a beach buggy 沙滩车. 2 (also `baby buggy) (US) = pram. 3 (formerly) light carriage pulled by one horse, for one or two people （旧时）（由一匹马拉的单人或双人的）轻便马车.

bugle
[5bju:gl; 5bjugl] n brass musical instrument like a small trumpet but without keys or valves, used for giving military signals 军号. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page x. 派生： bugler[5bju:glE(r); 5bjugll] n person who blows a bugle 军号手.

build
[bild; bild] v (pt, pp built/bilt; bilt] ) 1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (of/from/out of sth); ~ sth (for sb) make or construct sth by putting parts or material together 修建、 建造或建 某物: * build a house, road, railway 修建房屋、 道路、 铁路 * a house built of stone, bricks, etc 用石、 砖等盖的房子 * Birds build their nests out of twigs. 鸟儿用细树枝 巢. * His father built him a model aeroplane. 他父亲给他做了一架模型飞机. (b) [I] construct houses, etc 盖房子等: * The local council intends to build on this site. 地方议会打算在这块地上盖房子. 2 [Tn] develop (sth); establish 开发（某事物）; 创建; 兴建: * build a business 创业 * build a better future, a new career, etc 创造更好的未来、 新事业等. 3 (idm 习语) ,Rome was not ,built in a `day (saying 谚) time and hard work are necessary for a difficult or important task 罗马不是一天建成的（伟业建成非一日之功）. 4 (phr v) build sth in/build sth into sth (esp passive 尤用於被动语态) (a) make sth a fixed and permanent part of sth larger 在某较大物体上建某物: * build a cupboard/bookcase into a wall 在墙上建造壁橱[书橱] * We're having new wardrobes built in. 我们嵌加了新的衣橱. (b) (fig 比喻) make sth a necessary part of sth 将某事物加入另一事物中; 列入; 并入; 插入: * build an extra clause into the contract 将一项额外条款列入合同中. build sth into sth put parts together to form sth 将各部分合在一起变成某事物: * build loose stones into a strong wall 用石块建成坚固的墙 * build scraps of metal into a work of art 用金属碎块制成艺术品. build sth on/build sth onto sth add sth (eg an extra room) to an existing structure by building （在现有建 物上）增建某物（如另一房间）: * The new wing was built on(to the hospital) last year. 去年（医院）增建了新侧楼. build on sth use sth as a foundation for further progress 用某事物作为进一步发展的基础; 建基於某事物之上:

build1
* build on earlier achievements, success, results, etc 建基於原来的成就、 成功、 成果等之上. build sth on sth base sth on sth 把某事物作另一事物的基础: * build one's hopes on the economic strength of the country 把自己的希望建立在国家的经济实力上 * an argument built on sound logic 逻辑性强的论点. build up become greater, more numerous or more intense 变得更大、 更多或更强: * Traffic is building up on roads into the city. 来往的车辆在通往市区的道路上越聚越多. * Tension built up as the crisis approached. 危机越近越紧张. build oneself/sb up make oneself/sb healthier or stronger 使自己[某人]健康或强壮: * You need more protein to build you up. 你需要增加蛋白质以增强体质. build sb/sth up (esp passive 尤用於被动语态) speak with great (often undeserved or exaggerated) praise about sb/sth 捧（吹捧）某人[某事物]: * The film was built up to be a masterpiece, but I found it very disappointing. 这部影片被吹捧为杰作, 可是我觉得令人失望. build sth up (a) acquire, develop, increase or strengthen sth gradually 逐步获得、 发展、 增加或增强某事物: * build up a big library, a fine reputation, a thriving business 逐步建起一座大图书馆、 逐步赢得好的声誉、 逐步建立起兴旺发达的事业 * build up one's strength after an illness 病後逐渐增强体力. (b) (esp passive 尤用於被动语态) cover (an area) with buildings 建 物遍布（某地区）: * The village has been built up since I lived here. 我在这里住过, 从那时起, 这个村子已经盖满了房子. 派生： build n [U, C] shape and size (of the human body) （人体的）体形, 体格: a man of athletic, powerful, slender, average, etc build 身体强健、 强壮、 苗条、 一般等的人* We are (of) the same build. 我们的体形相同. * Our build is/builds are similar. 我们的体形相似. builder n 1 person who builds, esp one whose job is building houses, etc 建造者; （尤指）房屋建 者.

build2
2 (in compounds 用以构成复合词) person or thing that creates or develops sth 创造或开发某事物的人或事物: an empire-builder 帝国的缔造者 * a confidence-builder 助人建立信心的事物. built (after advs and in compound adjs 用於副词之後或用以构成复合形容词) having the specified build 有某种体形的: solidly built * a well-built man, ie one who is broad and muscular. 复合： `build-up n 1 (a) gradual increase or accumulation 逐渐增加或积累: a steady build-up of traffic 来往车辆逐渐增多 * A build-up of enemy forces is reported. 据悉敌军正在集结. (b) ~ (to sth) gradual approach (to a climax); gradual preparation (for sth) 逐渐达到（高潮）; 逐渐准备（某事物）: the build-up to the President's visit 总统访问的准备工作. 2 favourable description (esp of a performer or spectacle) in advance （尤指为表演者或场面）造舆论, 鸣锣开道: The press has given the show a tremendous build-up. 新闻界为这一演出大造声势. ,built-`in (also in-built) adj [attrib 作定语] constructed to form part of a structure 与某结构建成一体的; 并入的; 嵌入的: a bedroom with ,built-in `wardrobes 有嵌入衣柜的卧室 * (fig 比喻) a pay deal with built-in guarantees of employment 带有雇用担保的工资协议. ,built-`up adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] covered with buildings 布满建 物的: a ,built-up `area 建 物多的地方.

building
[5bildiN; 5bildiN] n 1 [U] (art, business or profession of) constructing houses, etc 建 （的艺术或行业）: * [attrib 作定语] the building trade 建 业 * building materials 建 材料. 2 [C] (abbr 缩写 bldg) structure with a roof and walls （有屋顶和墙的）结构, 建 物: * Schools, churches, houses and factories are all buildings. 学校、 教堂、 住宅、 厂房均为建 物. 复合： `building site area of land on which a house, etc is being built 建 工地. `building society (Brit) organization that accepts deposits and lends out money to people who wish to buy or build houses 房屋建 协会（接受买房或建房人的保证金及向其贷款的组织）.

bulb
[bQlb; bQlb] n =>illus 见插图. 1 thick rounded underground stem of certain plants (eg the lily, onion, tulip) sending roots downwards and leaves upwards 球茎（如百合、 洋葱、 郁金香等植物的地下茎）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page ii. 2 (also `light bulb) pear-shaped glass container for the filament of an electric light 电灯泡: * change a bulb 换灯泡 * a 60-watt light bulb 60瓦的灯泡. 3 object shaped like a bulb, eg the bulging end of a thermometer 球茎状物（如温度计球状的一端）. 派生： bulbous[5bQlbEs; 5bQlbEs] adj 1 growing from a bulb 由球茎长出的. 2 shaped like a bulb; round and fat 球茎状的; 又圆又胖的: * a bulbous nose 圆圆的鼻子.

bulge
[bQldV; bQldV] n 1 rounded swelling; outward curve 鼓起; 凸出: * What's that bulge in your pocket? 你口 袋里鼓鼓囊囊的是什麽? 2 (infml 口) temporary increase in quantity 暂时增多: * a population bulge 人口膨胀 * After the war there was a bulge in the birth-rate. 战後出生率激增. 派生： bulge v [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (out) (with sth) form a bulge: swell outwards 鼓起; 凸起; 膨胀: I can't eat any more. My stomach's bulging. 我一点儿也吃不下了, 肚子都鼓起来了. * pockets bulging with apples 装着苹果而鼓起来的口袋. bulgy[5bQldVi; 5bQldVi] adj.

bulk
[bQlk; bQlk] n 1 [U] size, quantity or volume, esp when great 体积, 数量, 容量（尤指巨大的）: * It's not their weight that makes these sacks hard to carry, it's their bulk. 这些袋子难於搬运, 倒不是因为重而是体积太大. * The sheer bulk of Mozart's music is extraordinary. 莫扎特的乐曲, 其数量之巨就已很了不起了. 2 [C] large shape, body or person 巨大的形体或身躯: * He heaved his huge bulk out of the chair. 他挺起巨大的身躯, 从椅子上站了起来. 3 [U] food that is not digested but is eaten to stimulate the intestine; roughage 仅刺激肠管而不被消化的食物; 纤维性物质; 食用糠: * You need more bulk in your diet. 你的饮食中需要添点儿纤维素. 4 [sing] the ~ (of sth) main part (of sth) （某事物的）主要部分; 大部分: * The bulk of the work has already been done. 大部分工作已经完成. * The eldest son inherited the bulk of the estate. 长子继承了遗产的大部分. 5 (idm 习语) in `bulk (a) in large amounts 大量: * buy (sth) in bulk 大量购买（某物）. (b) (of a cargo, etc) not packed in boxes; loose （指货物等）不装箱的, 散装的: * shipped in bulk 散装货运. 派生： bulk v 1 (idm 习语) bulk `large seem important; be prominent 显得重要; 突出: The war still bulks large in the memories of those who fought in it. 对於那些曾参战的人来说, 那场战争仍记忆犹新. 2 (phr v) bulk sth out make sth bigger or thicker 使某事物更大或更厚: add extra pages to bulk a book out 增加额外页数使书更厚. bulky adj (-ier, -iest) taking up much space; awkward to move or carry 庞大的; 巨大的; 笨重的: the bulky figure of Inspector Jones 琼斯巡官的庞大身躯 * a bulky parcel, crate, load, etc 巨大的包裹、 包装箱、 载荷等. 复合： ,bulk `buying buying in large amounts, esp the buying of most of a producer's output by one purchaser 大量购买; （尤指）包购（一买主购买某生产者的大多数产品）.

bulkhead
[5bQlkhed; 5bQlk7hed] n upright watertight partition or wall between compartments in a ship or aircraft （船舱或机舱的）防水隔板, 隔墙.

bull
terrier

bulldog
[5buldCg; 5bul7dCg] n sturdy, powerful and courageous type of dog with a large head and a short thick neck 斗牛狗; 大头狗. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page iii. 复合： ,bulldog `clip clip with a spring that closes tightly and is used for holding papers, etc together （夹纸用的）弹簧夹.

bulldoze
[5buldEuz; 5bul7doz] v 1 [Tn] remove or flatten (sth) with a bulldozer （用推土机）推掉或推平（某物）: * The area was bulldozed to make way for a new road. 那片地已被推土机推平用以修 新路. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (into doing sth) (fig 比喻) force sb to do sth, esp by frightening him 强迫某人做某事物（尤指用威胁手段）; 胁迫: * They bulldozed me into signing the agreement. 他们胁迫我签约. 3 [Tn.pr] push sth with force in the specified direction （朝某方向）强力推动某事物: * (fig 比喻) He bulldozed his way into the room. 他硬闯进房间里. * She bulldozed her plans past the committee. 她硬使委员会通过了她的计划. 派生： bulldozer[5buldEuzE(r); 5bul7dozl] n powerful tractor with a broad steel blade in front, used for moving earth or clearing ground 推土机. =>illus 见插图.

bullet
[5bulit; 5bulit] n 1 small missile, usu round or cylindrical with a pointed end, fired from a gun or rifle 子弹: * He was killed by a single bullet in the heart. 他被一颗子弹射中心脏而死亡. 2 (idm 习语) bite the bullet => bite1. 复合： ,bullet-`headed[-'hedid; -7hedid] adj having a small round head 有小圆头的. `bullet-proof adj that can stop bullets passing through it 防弹的: a bullet-proof shirt/vest/jacket 防弹衬衣[背心/上衣].

bulletin
[5bulEtin; 5bulEtin] n 1 short official statement of news 布告; 公告; 公报: * a news bulletin 新闻简报. 2 printed newsletter produced by an association, a group or a society （由社团或协会等刊印的）通讯, 会刊. 复合： `bulletin board (US) = notice-board (notice).

bullfinch
[5bulfintF; 5bul7fintF] n songbird with a strong rounded beak and a pink breast 红腹灰雀.

bullfrog
[5bulfrCg; 5bul7frag] n type of large American frog with a loud croak 牛蛙（产於美洲）.

bullhorn
[5bulhC:n; 5bul7hCrn] n (US) = loudhailer (loud).

bullion
[5buljEn; 5buljEn] n [U] gold or silver in bulk or bars, before it is made into coins, etc （锭形或条形的）金或银: * The thieves stole 1000000 in gold bullion. 窃贼偷去价值1000000英镑的金条.

bullock
[5bulEk; 5bulEk] n bull that has been castrated 阉牛. Cf 参看 bull1 1, ox 1, steer2. bull's-eye

bullshit
[5bulFit; 5bul7Fit] (also bull) n [U], interj ( sl 讳, 俚) nonsense; rubbish 胡说; 瞎扯: * a load/lot of bullshit 胡说八道 * He's talking bullshit. 他在瞎扯.

bully
1[5buli; 5buli] n person who uses his strength or power to frighten or hurt weaker people 恃强凌弱的人: * Leave that little girl alone, you big bully! 离那小姑娘远点儿, 你这个大坏蛋! 派生： bully v (pt, pp bullied) 1 [Tn] frighten or hurt (a weaker person) 恐吓, 欺负, 伤害（弱者）: He was bullied by the older boys at school. 他在学校里受到大孩子的欺负. 2 (phr v) bully sb into doing sth (try to) force sb to do sth by frightening him （企图）胁迫某人做某事: The manager tried to bully his men into working harder by threatening them with dismissal. 经理企图以解雇相威胁, 迫使职工更卖力气. 复合： `bully-boy n rough violent man, esp one paid to frighten or injure others 打手, 暴徒（尤指受雇对他人进行威胁或伤害的人）: [attrib 作定语] (fig 比喻) bully-boy tactics 暴徒手段.

bulrush
[5bulrQF; 5bul7rQF] n type of tall rush(3) with a thick velvety head 草; 宽叶香蒲; 灯心草.

bulwark
[5bulwEk; 5bulwlk] n 1 wall, esp of earth, built as a defence 壁垒（尤指用泥土堆砌者）; 防御工事. 2 (fig 比喻) person or thing that supports, defends or protects 支持, 防御或保护的人或事物: * Democracy is a bulwark of freedom. 民主是自由的保障. 3 (usu pl 通常作复数) ship's side above the level of the deck 舷墙（甲板线以上的船侧）.

bum
1[bQm; bQm] n (infml 口 esp Brit) part of the body on which one sits; buttocks 屁股.

bumble
bee

bumf
(also bumph)[bQmf; bQmf] n (Brit sl joc or derog 俚, 谑或贬) paper, esp official forms and documents 纸; （尤指）公文, 表格, 文件: * `What's in the post today?’ `Just a lot of bumf from the insurance people.’ ‘今天的邮件里有什麽?’‘只有保险公司寄来的一大堆表格.’

bump
[bQmp; bQmp] v 1 [Ipr] ~ against/into sb/sth knock or strike sth with a dull-sounding blow; collide with sth 碰撞或敲击某物（发出低沉响声）; 与某物相撞: * In the dark I bumped into a chair. 我在黑暗中碰到了椅子. * The car bumped against the kerb. 汽车撞上了路边石. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (against/on sth) hit or knock sth (esp a part of the body) (against sth) （尤指身体的一部分）碰、 撞某物: * bump one's head (on the ceiling) 自己的头碰着了（天花板） * The driver bumped the kerb while reversing. 司机倒车时撞着了路边石. =>Usage at bang1 用法见bang1. 3 (phr v) bump along, down, etc move with a jolting action in the specified direction 颠簸而行: * The old bus bumped along the mountain road. 旧公共汽车沿着山路颠簸行驶. bump into sb (infml 口) meet sb by chance 碰见某人; 偶遇; 巧遇: * Guess who I bumped into today? 你猜我今天碰见谁了? bump sb off (sl 俚) kill or murder sb 杀死某人; 谋杀某人. bump sth up (infml 口) increase or raise sth 增加或提高某事物: * bump up prices, salaries, etc 提高物价、 薪金等. 派生： bump n 1 (dull sound of a) blow, knock or impact; collision （发出低沉响声的）撞击, 碰撞, 冲撞, 相撞: The two children collided with a bump. 两个孩子砰的一声撞上了. * The passengers felt a violent bump as the plane landed. 飞机着陆时, 乘客感到猛烈的冲撞. 2 swelling on the body, esp one caused by a blow; lump or bulge 肿胀, 肿块（尤指因碰撞所致）; 隆起; 凸起: covered in bumps and bruises 遍布肿块和挫伤 * get a nasty bump on the head 头上起了一个大包. 3 uneven patch on a surface 物体表面上的隆起物: a road with a lot of bumps in it 有一块块隆起的路. bump adv 1 with a bump; suddenly 砰的一声; 突然地: He fell off the ladder and landed bump on the ground. 他从梯子上砰的一声跌到地上. 2 (idm 习语) things that go bump in the night => thing.

bump1
bumper /// 1[5bQmpE(r); 5bQmpl] n bar fixed to the front and back of a motor vehicle to lessen the effect of a collision （机动车辆前後的）保险 . =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xii. 复合： ,bumper-to-`bumper adj, adv (of vehicles) in a line, each close behind the one in front （指车辆）首尾相接（的）: We sat bumper-to-bumper in the traffic jam. 我们遇到交通阻塞, 汽车一辆辆首尾相接动弹不得. * travel bumper-to-bumper 车一辆紧接一辆行驶.

bumph
= bumf.

bumpkin
[5bQmpkin; 5bQmpkin] n (usu derog 通常作贬义) awkward or simple person from the country 乡巴佬; 土包子; 土老帽儿.

bumptious
[5bQmpFEs; 5bQmpFEs] adj (derog 贬) (of a person, his manner, etc) self-important and conceited （指人、 举止等）自负的, 傲慢的, 骄横的: * bumptiousofficials, behaviour 骄横的官员、 行为. > bumptiouslyadv. bumptiousness n [U].

bun
[bQn; bQn] n 1 small round sweet cake 小而圆的甜面包或点心: * a currant bun 带葡萄乾的小圆面包. Cf 参看 roll1 2. 2 (esp woman's) hair twisted into a tight knot at the back of the head （尤指女子的）发髻: * put, wear one's hair in a bun 把头发盘成发髻. 3 (idm 习语) have a `bun in the oven (infml joc 口, 谑) be pregnant 怀孕. 复合： `bun-fight n (infml 口) tea-party 茶会.

bunch
[bQntF; bQntF] n 1 [C] number of things (usu of the same kind) growing, fastened or grouped together 串; 束; 卷; 团: * a bunch of bananas, grapes, etc 一串香蕉、 葡萄等 * bunches of flowers 花束 * a bunch of keys 一串钥匙. =>illus at grape 见grape之插图. 2 [CGp] (infml 口) group of people; gang; mob 人群; 匪帮; 暴 民: * a bunch of thugs 一群恶棍 * I don't like any of them much, but he's the best of the bunch, ie the least unpleasant. 这帮人我谁也不喜欢, 但他还算是其中最好的呢. 派生： bunch v [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (sth/sb) (up) (cause sth/sb to) be formed into a bunch or bunches （使某物[某人]）成束, 成捆, 成群: a blouse that bunches at the waist 束腰女衬衫 * runners all bunched together, ie closely grouped 挤在一起的赛跑者 * Cross the road one at a time don't bunch up. 一次一个地过马路--别都挤在一起.

bundle
[5bQndl; 5bQndl] n 1 [C] collection of things fastened or wrapped together 束、 捆、 扎或包在一起的东西: * a bundle of sticks, clothes, newspapers 一捆细棍、 一包衣物、 一卷报纸 * books tied up in bundles of twenty 扎成二十本一捆的书. 2 [sing] a ~ of sth (infml 口) a lot of sth; a mass of sth 大堆的东西; 大量的事物: * That child is a bundle of mischief! 那孩子是淘气包! * He's not exactly a bundle of fun, ie an amusing person. 他不算是个十分有趣的人. 3 [sing] (infml 口) large amount of money 很多钱; 巨款: * That car must have cost a bundle. 这辆汽车一定值很多钱. 4 (idm 习语) a bundle of `nerves in a very nervous state 神经极度紧张: * The poor chap was a bundle of nerves at the interview. 这小子在面试时紧张极了. go a bundle on sb/sth (infml 口) be very fond of sb/sth 非常喜欢某人[某事物]: * I don't go a bundle on her new husband, do you? 我不大喜欢她的新婚丈夫, 你呢? 派生： bundle v 1 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) make or tie sth into a bundle or bundles 把某物捆成捆: The firewood was cut and bundled (together). 木柴已劈好并捆在一起了. * We bundled up some old clothes for the jumble sale. 我们把一些旧衣物捆起来准备义卖. 2 (phr v) bundle sth into sth throw sth or put sth away quickly and untidily in the specified place 把某物随便扔到某处: She bundled her clothes into the drawer without folding them. 她把衣服胡乱扔进抽屉里, 连叠都不叠. bundle (sb) out, off, into, etc go or send (sb) hastily or roughly in the specified direction 匆忙走向某处; （将某人）匆匆打发到某处: We all bundled into the tiny car. 我们全都挤进那辆小汽车里. * I was bundled into a police van. 我被推进警车. * She bundled her son off to school. 她匆匆忙忙把儿子打发到学校去了. bundle (sb) up dress (sb) in warm clothes 给（某人）穿上暖和的衣服.

bung
[bQN; bQN] n stopper for closing the hole in a barrel or jar （桶或罐的）盖子, 塞子. 派生： bung v 1 [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) (with sth) close or block sth with or as with a bung （用塞盖）塞住; 堵住; 封住: My nose is (all) bunged up. I must be getting a cold. 我鼻子（全）堵住了, 一定是着凉了. * The drains are bunged up with dead leaves. 落叶把下水道堵住了. 2 [Tn.pr, Tn.p] (Brit infml 口) throw or toss (sth) 扔, 掷（某物）: Bung the newspaper over here, will you? 你把报纸扔过来, 行吗? 复合： `bung-hole n hole for filling or emptying a barrel 桶孔.

bungalow
[5bQNgElEu; 5bQNgE7lo] n small house with one storey 平房. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page vii.

bungle
[5bQNgl; 5bQNgl] v [I, Tn] do (sth) badly or clumsily; spoil (a task) through lack of skill 笨手笨脚地做（某事物）; 粗制滥造; （因技术差或不熟练）把（工作）做糟: * It looks as though you've bungled again. 看来你好像又把事情搞糟了. * Don't let him mend your bike. He's sure to bungle the job. 别让他修理你的自行车. 他肯定会弄得一团糟的. * The gang spent a year planning the robbery and then bungled it. 这伙人蓄谋抢劫已有一年之久, 然而到头来却失手了. 派生： bungle n (usu sing 通常作单数) bungled piece of work 拙劣的工作: The whole job was a gigantic bungle. 整件工作都糟透了. bungler[5bQNglE(r); 5bQNgll] n person who bungles 笨手笨脚的人: * You incompetent bungler! 你这个成事不足败事有馀的家伙!

bunion
[5bQnjEn; 5bQnjEn] n painful swelling, esp on the first joint of the big toe 炎肿; （尤指）拇囊炎肿.

bunk
1[bQNk; bQNk] n 1 narrow bed built into a wall like a shelf, eg on a ship （架设於壁上的）狭窄铺位（如於船上的）. 2 (also `bunk bed) one of a pair of single beds, fixed one above the other, esp for children 双层床的上铺或下铺（尤指儿童所用的）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xvi.

bunker
[5bQNkE(r); 5bQNkl] n 1 container for storing fuel, esp on a ship or outside a house 贮存燃料的容器（尤指船上的燃料舱或房屋外的燃料箱）. 2 (also esp US `sand trap) sandy hollow on a golf course, from which it is difficult to hit the ball （高尔夫球场上难於击球的）沙坑. =>illus at golf 见golf之插图. 3 strongly built underground shelter for soldiers, guns, etc 地下掩体; 地堡. 派生： bunker v 1 [Tn] fill (a ship's bunker) with fuel 将燃料装进（燃料舱）. 2 [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] (in golf) hit (the ball) into a bunker （高尔夫球）把（球）击入沙坑: He/His ball is bunkered. 他把球打进了沙坑.

bunkum
[5bQNkEm; 5bQNkEm] (also bunk) n [U] (infml 口) nonsense 胡说: * Don't believe what he's saying it's pure bunkum. 别相信他的话--纯粹是胡说八道.

bunny
[5bQni; 5bQni] n 1 (used by and to small children 用作儿语) rabbit 兔子. 2 (also `bunny girl) (often sexist 常含性别偏见) night-club hostess, esp one wearing a costume that includes false rabbit's ears and a tail 兔儿女郎（夜总会的女招待, 尤指以假的兔子耳朵及尾巴为装饰者）.

Bunsen burner
[7bQnsn 'bE:nE(r); 7bQnsn 'bEnl] n gas burner used in chemical laboratories, consisting of a vertical tube with an adjustable air valve 本生灯.

bunting
1[5bQntiN; 5bQntiN] n any of various small songbirds related to the finch family, with short thick bills 巫稧（一种雀科鸣鸟, 喙短粗）.

buoy
[bCi; bCi] n 1 floating object anchored to the bottom of the sea, a river, etc to mark places that are dangerous for boats or to show where boats may go, etc 浮标; 航标. 2 = lifebuoy (life). 派生： buoy v 1 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (out) mark the position of sth with a buoy 用浮标指示某位置: buoy submerged rocks 用浮标指示暗礁位置. 2 (phr v) buoy sb/sth up (esp passive 尤用於被动语态) (a) keep sb/sth afloat 使某人[某物]漂浮: The raft was buoyed up by empty petrol cans. 这木筏依靠空的汽油桶的浮力漂浮. (b) (fig 比喻) keep (prices, etc) at a high or satisfactory level 使（价格等）保持在高的或令人满意的水平上: Share prices were buoyed up by hopes of an end to the recession. 因经济衰退状况终止有望, 股票价格得以保持高位. (c) (fig 比喻) raise the hopes or spirits of sb; encourage sb 给某人带来希望; 使某人振作; 鼓舞某人: We felt buoyed up by the good news. 我们觉得这个好消息很令人鼓舞.

buoyant
[5bCiEnt; 5bCiEnt] adj 1 (a) (of an object) able to float （指物体）能漂浮的: * The raft would be more buoyant if it was less heavy. 木筏若轻一点, 浮力就更大了. (b) (of a liquid) able to keep things floating （指液体）能浮起物体的, 有浮力的: * Salt water is more buoyant than fresh water. 盐水比淡水浮力大. 2 (of stock-market prices, etc) tending to rise （指证券市场的价格等）看涨的: * Share prices were buoyant today in active trading. 今日股票交投活跃, 价格看涨. 3 (of a person, his manner, etc) able to recover quickly after a setback; cheerfully resilient （指人、 态度等）能从挫折中迅速振作起来的; 乐天的: * a buoyant disposition, personality, etc 乐天的性情、 个性等. > buoyancy[-Ensi; -Ensi] n [U]. buoyantly adv.

bur
(also burr)[bE:(r); bE] n (plant with a) prickly seed-case or flower-head that clings to hair or clothing 刺蒺藜（易附着於毛发或衣服上）: * (fig 比喻) She tried to get rid of him at the party but he stuck to her like a bur. 在宴会上她尽力摆脱他, 可他却像刺蒺藜一样钩住她不放.

burble
[5bE:bl; 5bEbl] v 1 [I] make a gentle murmuring or bubbling sound 发出沙沙声; 发出 声. 2 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (on) (about sth) speak in a rambling manner 东拉西扯地说: * What's he burbling (on) about? 他在胡扯些什麽呀?

burden
[5bE:dn; 5bEdn] n 1 [C] thing or person that is carried; heavy load 所负载的事物或人; 重负: * bear/carry/shoulder a heavy burden 负有[负起/肩负]重担. 2 [C] (fig 比喻) duty, obligation, responsibility, etc that is hard to bear （难以承担的）职责、 义务、 责任等: * the burden of heavy taxation on the tax-payer 纳税者负担的重税 * the burden of grief, guilt, remorse, etc 压在心头的悲伤、 内疚、 悔恨等 * His invalid father is becoming a burden (to him). 他父亲体弱多病, （对他）渐渐成了累赘. 3 [sing] the ~ of sth main theme of a speech, an article, etc （演说、 文章等的）主题, 要点: * The burden of his argument was that... 他论证的要点是.... 4 [U] ship's carrying capacity; tonnage （船的）装载量, 吨位. 派生： burden v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/oneself (with sth) put a burden on sb/oneself; load sb/oneself 加负担於某人[自己]: refugees burdened with all their possessions 带着沉重家当的难民 * (fig 比喻) I don't want to burden you with my problems. 我不想让我的问题给你增加负担. * Industry is heavily burdened with taxation. 工业为重税所累. burdensome[-sEm; -sEm] adj hard to bear; troublesome 难以承担的; 令人困扰的: * burdensome duties, responsibilities, etc 难以承担的职务、 责任等. 复合： the ,burden of `proof (law 律) obligation to prove that what one says is true 举证责任（提供证据的责任）.

bureau
[5bjuErEu; - 'bjurEu; 5bjuro] n (pl -reaux or -reaus[-rEuz; -roz] ) 1 (Brit) writing desk with drawers （有抽屉的）办公桌, 写字台. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xvi. 2 (US) = chest of drawers (chest). 3 (esp US) government department 政府机关; 局; 司; 处: * Federal Bureau of Investigation 联邦调查局. 4 office; agency 办公室; 办事处: * a travel bureau 旅行社 * an information bureau 询问处.

bureaucracy
[bjuE'rCkrEsi; bju'rakrEsi] n (often derog 常作贬义) 1 (a) [U] system of government through departments managed by State officials, not by elected representatives 官僚制度; 官僚体制. (b) [C] country having such a system 实行官僚制度的国家. (c) [CGp] officials appointed to manage such a system, as a group 官僚（总称）. 2 [U] excessive or complicated official routine, esp because of too many departments and offices 官僚作风.

bureaucrat
[5bjuErEkrAt; 5bjurE7krAt] n (often derog 常作贬义) official working in a government department, esp one who follows administrative routine and the rules of the department very strictly 官员（尤指墨守成规的）: * insensitive, bungling, etc bureaucrats 麻木的、 坏事的...官老爷. 派生： bureaucratic[7bjuErE'krAtik; 7bjurE'krAtik] adj (often derog 常作贬义) of, like or relating to a bureau-cracy or bureaucrats 官僚制度的; 官僚的; 官僚般的: * bureaucratic government 官僚政府 * The report revealed a major bureaucratic muddle. 这个报告揭示了官僚作风引起的严重混乱. bureaucratically[-ikli; -ikli] adv.

burette
[bjuE'ret; bju'ret] n (chemistry 化) glass tube with a tap, used for measuring small quantities of liquid let out of it 滴定管; 量管.

burgeon
[5bE:dVEn; 5bEdVEn] v [I] 1 (arch 古) (of a plant) put out leaves; sprout （指植物）发芽, 萌发. 2 (fml 文) begin to grow rapidly; flourish 开始迅速成长; 茂盛: * a burgeoning population 迅速增长的人口 * a burgeoning talent 迅速增长的才干.

burger
[5bE:gE(r); 5bEgl] n (infml 口) = hamburger. 派生： -burger (forming compound ns 用以构成复合名词) (infml 口) food prepared or cooked like or with a hamburger （汉堡包式）夹馅包: a `steakburger * a `cheeseburger.

burgh
[5bQrE; 5bQrE] n (Scot 苏格兰) borough 享有特权的自治城镇; 自治市.

burgher
[5bE:gE(r); 5bEgl] n (arch or joc 古或谑) (esp respectable) citizen of a particular town （尤指受尊敬的）（某市的）市民: * The pop festival has shocked the good burghers of Canterbury. 流行歌曲音乐汇演震动了坎特伯雷有头有脸的市民.

burglar
[5bE:glE(r); 5bEgll] n person who enters a building illegally, esp by force, in order to steal 窃贼（尤指强行进入建 物的）: * The burglar got into the house through the bedroom window. 窃贼是从卧室的窗户潜入这所房子的. Cf 参看 robber (rob), thief. 派生： burglary[5bE:glEri; 5bEglEri] n [C, U] (instance of the) crime of entering a building in order to steal 入户行窃; 入户盗窃罪: * A number of burglaries have been committed in this area recently. 这一带最近发生了若干起入户盗窃案. * be accused/convicted of burglary 被控以[判以]入户盗窃罪. 复合： `burglar-alarm n automatic device that rings an alarm bell when a burglar enters a building 防盗铃; 自动警铃. `burglar-proof adj (of a building) made so that burglars cannot break into it （指建 物）防盗的.

burgle
[5bE:gl; 5bEgl] (US burglarize, -ise[5bE:glE-raiz; 5bEglE7raiz] ) v [Tn] steal from (a house or person) after entering a building illegally 入户盗窃: * burgle a shop 盗窃一家商店 * We were burgled while we were on holiday. 我们度假期间屋里进贼了. =>Usage at rob 用法见rob.

burgomaster
[5bE:gEma:stE(r); 5bEgE7mAstl] n mayor of a Dutch or Flemish town 荷兰或佛兰芒城镇的市长或镇长.

Burgundy
[5bE:gEndi; 5bEgEndi] n 1 [U, C] any of various types of red or white wine from the Burgundy area of eastern France 勃艮第葡萄酒（产於法国东部勃艮第地区的红酒或白酒）. 2 [U] dark purplish-red colour 深的紫红色.

burial
[5beriEl; 5beriEl] n [U, C] burying, esp of a dead body; funeral 埋葬; 葬礼: * Cremation is more common than burial in some countries. 在某些国家, 火葬比土葬普遍. * The burial took place on Friday. 葬礼已於星期五举行. * [attrib 作定语] the burial service 葬礼. 复合： `burial-ground n place where dead bodies are buried; cemetery 墓地; 公墓: a prehistoric burial-ground 史前时期的墓地.

burlesque
[bE:'lesk; bE'lesk] n 1 [C, U] (piece of writing that mocks sb/sth by) comic or exaggerated imitation; parody （滑稽或夸张的）模仿; （以此种手法写的）嘲讽性作品: * a burlesque of a novel, poem, etc 对某小说、 某诗等的讽刺性模仿. 2 [U] (US) type of bawdy comedy show, often involving striptease 一种低级的谐谑表演（常包括脱衣舞）. 派生： burlesque adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of, relating to or using burlesque(1, 2) （滑稽或夸张性）模仿的; （以此种手法创作的）讽刺性作品的, 低级谐谑表演的: a burlesque actor 作低级谐谑表演的演员 * burlesque acting 滑稽夸张的模仿表演. burlesque v [Tn] make a burlesque of (sb/sth); parody （以滑稽或夸张手法）模仿嘲弄（某人[某事物]）.

burly
[5bE:li; 5bEli] adj (-ier, -iest) with a strong heavy body; sturdy 身强力壮的; 魁梧的; 结实的; 健壮的: * a burly policeman 魁梧的警察. > burliness n [U].

burn
1[bE:n; bEn] n (Scot 苏格兰) small stream 小溪; 小河.

burnish
[5bE:niF; 5bEniF] v [Tn] make (metal) smooth and shiny by rubbing; polish 将（金属）打磨光亮; 抛光: * burnished copper 经过抛光的铜.

burnous
[bE:'nu:s; bE'nus] n type of cloak with a hood, worn by Arabs （阿拉伯人穿的）连有兜帽的斗篷.

burp
[bE:p; bEp] n (infml 口) belch 嗝; 饱嗝. 派生： burp v (infml 口) 1 [I] belch 打嗝. 2 [Tn] cause (a baby) to bring up wind from the stomach, esp by stroking or patting the back 使（婴儿）打嗝（尤指以抚背或拍背的方法）.

burr
1 = bur.

burrow
[5bQrEu; 5bQro] n hole made in the ground and used as a home or shelter by rabbits, foxes, etc （兔、 狐等掘的）地洞. 派生： burrow v 1 (a) [Tn] make (sth) by digging 挖掘成（洞穴等）: Rabbits had burrowed holes in the grassy bank. 兔子在河岸的草地上掘了些洞. (b) [I] dig a hole; tunnel 挖洞; 挖掘地道. 2 (phr v) burrow (one's way) into, through, under, etc move in the specified direction by or as if by digging 借挖掘或似挖掘的动作朝某方向移动: The fox burrowed (its way) under the fence to reach the chickens. 那狐狸在围栏下面掘（一条 路）到鸡窝处. * The prisoners escaped by burrowing under the wall. 囚犯们在墙下掘地道逃走了. * The child burrowed under the bedclothes. 那孩子在被窝里钻来钻去. * (fig 比喻) We had to burrow through a mass of files to find the documents we wanted 我们要在案卷堆里翻来翻去以寻找我们所要的文件.

bursar
[5bE:sE(r); 5bEsl] n 1 person who manages the finances of a school or college （学校的）财务主任. 2 person holding a scholarship at a university （大学中）获奖学金的学生. 派生： bursary[5bE:sEri; 5bEsEri] n 1 college bursar's office （学院的）财务处. 2 scholarship or grant awarded to a student （授予学生的）奖学金或助学金.

burst
1[bE:st; bEst] v (pt, pp burst) 1 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) break violently open or apart, esp because of pressure from inside; explode （使某物）爆炸; 胀破; 爆破: * If you blow that balloon up any more it will burst. 那气球再吹就要破了. * The dam burst under the weight of water. 那水坝在水的压力下决口了. * Water-pipes often burst in cold weather. 水管在寒冷的天气里经常冻裂. * (fig 比喻) I've eaten so much I feel ready to burst! 我吃得太多, 肚子都要撑破了! * The river burst its banks and flooded the town. 河水冲决了堤岸, 淹没了城镇. * Don't get so angry! You'll burst a blood-vessel! 别生这麽大的气! 会把血管气崩的! 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) (only in the continuous tenses 仅用於进行时态) be full to the point of breaking open 满到要胀破的程度: * `More pudding?’ `No thanks. I'm bursting!’ ‘再吃点布丁好吗?’‘不了, 我肚子已经胀了!’ * May I use your lavatory I'm bursting! ie I need to urinate urgently. 我可以用用你们的厕所吗--我实在憋不住了. * a bag bursting with shopping 撑得鼓鼓的购物袋 * (fig 比喻) be bursting with happiness, pride, excitement, etc 充满喜气、 骄傲、 激情等. 3 (idm 习语) be bursting at the `seams (infml 口) be very full or tight 满满当当: * I've eaten so much I'm bursting at the seams. 我吃得太多了, 肚子都要撑破了. be bursting to do sth be very eager to do sth 极欲干某事: * She was bursting to tell him the good news. 她迫不及待地要把这个好消息告诉他. burst (sth) `open (cause sth to) open suddenly or violently （使某物）突然或猛然打开: * The police burst the door open. 警察把门撞开了. 4 (phr v) burst `in enter (a room, etc) suddenly 突然进入（房间等）: * The police burst in (through the door) and arrested the gang. 警察突然闯进（房门）逮捕了那帮人. burst in on sb/sth interrupt sb/sth (by arriving suddenly) （因突然来到）阻碍某人[某事物]:

burst1
* burst in on a meeting 打断会议 * How dare you burst in on us without knocking! 你怎麽胆敢不敲门就闯进来! burst into sth send out or produce sth suddenly and violently 突然而猛烈地发出或产生出某事物: * The aircraft crashed and burst into flames, ie suddenly began to burn. 飞机坠毁起火. * burst into tears, song, angry speech, ie suddenly begin to cry, sing, speak angrily 突然哭、 唱、 吵起来 * trees bursting into leaf/ bloom/ blossom/ flower 长出新叶[开花]的树木. burst into, out of, through, etc sth move suddenly and forcibly in the specified direction; appear suddenly from somewhere 突然而猛力地向某一方向移动; 从某处突然出现: * An angry crowd burst through the lines of police and into the street. 愤怒的人群突破了警方的封锁线走到街上. * The oil burst out of the ground. 石油从地下喷发出来. * The sun burst through the clouds. 太阳突然从云端里露出来. burst on/upon sb/sth come suddenly and unexpectedly to sb/sth 突然而意外地出现在某人[某物]面前: * The truth burst upon him, ie He suddenly realized it. 他突然了解了真相. * A major new talent has burst on the literary scene. 有个惹人瞩目的新秀突然出现於文坛. burst out (a) speak suddenly and with feeling; exclaim 突然激动地说; 叫嚷: * `I hate you!’ she burst out. ‘我讨厌你!’ 她叫嚷道. (b) (with the -ing form 与-ing连用) suddenly begin (doing sth) 突然开始（做某事）: * burst out crying/laughing/singing 突然哭起来[笑起来/唱起来].

burton
[5bE:tn; 5bEtn] n (idm 习语) go for a `burton (Brit infml 口) be lost, destroyed or killed 失踪; 被毁; 被杀: * It's pouring with rain, so I'm afraid our picnic's gone for a burton. 下起了瓢泼大雨, 我们的野餐恐怕要吹了.

bury
[5beri; 5beri] v (pt, pp buried) 1 [Tn] (a) place (a dead body) in a grave or in the sea 将（ 体）土葬, 海葬: * He was buried with his wife. 他和他妻子葬在一起. * Where is Shakespeare buried? 莎士比亚葬於何处? * He's been dead and buried for years! 他已死亡并且埋葬多年了! (b) (euph 婉) lose (sb) by death 丧: * She's eighty-five and has buried three husbands. 她现年八十五岁, 曾叁度丧夫. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.a] hide (sb/sth) in the earth; cover with soil, rocks, leaves, etc 将（某人[某物]）藏匿於地下; 以土壤、 石块、 树叶等覆盖: * buried treasure 埋藏的财宝 * Our dog buries its bones in the garden. 我们的狗把骨头埋藏在花园里. * The house was buried under ten feet of snow. 那所房子被掩埋在十英尺厚的雪底下. * The miners were buried alive when the tunnel collapsed. 矿坑坍塌时, 矿工被活活埋在里面了. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] hide (sb/sth) from sight; cover up 遮盖（某人[某物]）; 覆盖: * Your letter got buried under a pile of papers. 你的信压在一堆文件下面了. * She buried her face in her hands and wept. 她双手掩面哭了起来. 4 [Tn] dismiss (sth) from one's mind; completely forget about 从记忆中除去（某事物）; 忘记: * It's time to bury our differences and be friends again. 是我们摈弃分歧重归於好的时候了. 5 [Tn.pr] ~ sth (in sth) plunge sth (into sth) 使某物陷入（某物之中）: * The lion buried its teeth in the antelope's neck. 那狮子咬住羚羊的脖子. * He walked slowly, his hands buried in his pockets. 他走得很慢, 两手插在衣袋里. * Her head was buried in the book she was reading. 她在埋头读书. 6 (idm 习语) ,bury the `hatchet stop quarrelling and become friendly 言归於好. bury/hide one's head in the sand => head1. 7 (phr v) bury oneself in sth (a) go to (a place where one will meet few people) 前往（某隐居处所）: * He buried himself (away) in the country to write a book. 他隐居到乡下去写书.

bury1
(b) involve oneself in or concentrate deeply on sth 埋头於或专心致志於某事物: * In the evenings he buries himself in his books. 每天晚上他都埋头读书.

bus
[bQs; bQs] n (pl buses; US also busses) 1 large vehicle carrying passengers between stopping-places along a fixed route 公共汽车: * Shall we walk or go by bus? 我们是步行呢, 还是乘公共汽车呢? * [attrib 作定语] a bus driver/conductor 公共汽车司机[乘务员] * a bus station 公共汽车站. 2 (idm 习语) miss the boat/bus => miss3. 派生： bus v (pres p busing; also esp US bussing, pt, pp bused; also esp US bussed) 1 [I] (also bus it) travel by bus 乘公共汽车: I usually bus (it) to work in the morning. 我早上通常乘坐公共汽车上班. 2 [Tn] (a) transport (sb) by bus 用公共汽车运送（某人）. (b) (US) transport (children) by bus from white areas to schools in black areas and vice versa, to create racially integrated schools 用公共汽车把儿童从白人区送往黑人区就读, 或从黑人区送往白人区就读, 以在学校实现种族融合. 复合： `bus lane strip of road for use by buses only 公共汽车专用的行车线. `busman[-mEn; -mEn] n (idm 习语) a busman's `holiday holiday spent doing the same thing that one does at work 照常工作的假日. `bus-shelter n structure at a bus-stop providing shelter for people waiting for a bus （公共汽车停车站为候车乘客设的）候车棚. `bus-stop n regular stopping-place for a bus; sign marking this 公共汽车停车站.

busby
[5bQzbi; 5bQzbi] n tall fur cap worn by hussars, gunners, etc for ceremonial parades, etc （轻骑兵、 枪炮手等在阅兵等场合所戴的）高皮帽.

bush
[buF; buF] n 1 [C] (a) low thickly-growing plant with several woody stems coming up from the root; shrub （有几个茎的）灌木: * a rose bush 蔷薇丛 * gooseberry bushes 醋栗树丛. Cf 参看 tree. (b) thing resembling this, esp a clump of hair or fur 类似灌木之物（尤指蓬乱的毛发或皮毛）. 2 (often 常作 the bush) [U] wild uncultivated land, esp in Africa, Australia and (with forests) Canada 荒野（尤指非洲、 澳洲以及加拿大森林地区未开发的地方）. 3 (idm 习语) beat about the bush => beat1. a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush => bird. 派生： bushy adj (-ier, -iest) 1 covered with bushes 长满灌木的. 2 growing thickly; shaggy 茂密的; 粗而蓬乱的: a bushy moustache 粗而密的髭须 * bushy eyebrows 浓密的眉毛. bushiness n [U]. 复合： `bush-baby n small African lemur with large eyes and a long tail 灌丛婴猴（非洲的一种大眼长尾的小狐猴）. `Bushman[-mEn; -mEn] n (pl -men) member of various S W African tribes living and hunting in the bush 居於西南非洲灌木丛林中以行猎为生的部族的人. ,bush `telegraph process by which information, rumours, etc spread rapidly （消息、 谣言等的）快速传播, 不胫而走.

bushed
[buFt; buFt] adj [pred 作表语] (US infml 口) very tired 疲惫不堪.

bushel
[5buFl; 5buFEl] n 1 measure for grain and fruit (8 gallons or about 36.4 litres) 蒲式耳（计量谷物及水果的单位, 等於8加仑或大约36.4升）. 2 (idm 习语) hide one's light under a bushel => hide1.

busier
=> busy.

busiest
=> busy.

busily
=> busy.

business
[5biznis; 5biznis] n 1 [C, U] one's usual occupation; profession 日常工作; 职业: * He tries not to let (his) business interfere with his home life. 他尽量不让日常工作妨碍他的家庭生活. 2 [U] (a) buying and selling (esp as a profession); commerce; trade 买卖（尤指作为职业）; 商业; 贸易: * We don't do (much) business with foreign companies. 我们跟外国公司没有（多少）生意来往. * He's in (ie works in) the oil business. 他做油类生意. * She has set up in business as a bookseller. 她已创业成为书商. * He wants to be a doctor or go into business. 他想当医生或者经商. * [attrib 作定语] a business trip 商务之行 * a business lunch 商务午餐 * business sense, ie knowledge of commercial procedures 商业知识. (b) volume or rate of buying and selling 成交额; 成交率: * Business is always brisk before Christmas. 圣诞节前生意总是很兴隆. 3 [C] commercial establishment; firm; shop 商业机构; 公司; 商店: * have/own one's own business 有自己的商行 * She runs a thriving grocery business. 她经营着一家生意兴隆的食品杂货店. * Many small businesses have gone bankrupt recently. 近来有许多小商店倒闭. 4 [U] thing that one is rightly concerned with or interested in; duty; task 理应关心的事; 职责; 任务: * It is the business of the police to protect the community. 保障社会的安全是警察的职责. * I shall make it my business to find out who is responsible. 我要查出是谁的责任. * My private life is none of your business/is no business of yours. 我的私生活与你毫不相干. 5 [U] things that need to be dealt with; matters to be discussed 需要处理的事; 所讨论的问题: * The main business of this meeting is our wages claim. 这次会议的主要议题是我们在工资方面的要求. * Unless there is any other business, we can end the meeting. 如果没有别的事情, 我们的会议可以结束了.

business1
6 [sing] (often derog 常作贬义) matter; affair 事情; 事务; 勾当: * an odd, a strange, a disturbing, etc business 怪事、 奇事、 乱事等 * What a business it is moving house! 搬家这件事真够受的! * I'm sick of the whole business. 我觉得整件事都很讨厌. * That plane crash was an awful business. 那架飞机坠毁了, 真是件糟糕的事. * What's this business I hear about you losing your job? 听说你丢掉了工作, 究竟是怎麽回事? 7 [U] gestures, facial expressions, etc made by actors on stage to give extra effect to what they are saying 演员的舞台动作、 面部表情等（用以增强台词的效果）. 8 (idm 习语) business as `usual (catchphrase 警语) things will proceed normally despite difficulties or disturbances （尽管有困难或干扰）照常营业, 一切如常. the `business end (of sth) (infml 口) part of a tool, an instrument, a weapon, etc that performs its particular function （工具、 仪器、 武器等）发挥效用的部分: * Never hold a gun by the business end. 拿枪千万别拿枪口那端. ,business is `business (catchphrase 警语) in financial and commercial matters one must not be influenced by friendship, pity, etc 公事公办. funny business => funny. get down to `business start the work that must be done 开始干正事; 言归正传. go about one's `business occupy oneself with one's own affairs 忙於自己的事情: * The streets were filled with people going about their daily business. 街上到处都是为日常事务而奔波的人. go out of `business become bankrupt 破产; 倒闭. have no business to do sth/doing sth have no right to do sth 无权做某事: * You've no business to be here this is private property. 你无权待在这里--这是私人地方. like `nobody's business (infml 口) very much, fast or well 非常; 多极了; 快极了; 好极了: * My head hurts like nobody's business. 我的头疼死了. mean business => mean1. mind one's own business => mind2. on `business for the purpose of doing business 因公:

business2
* I'll be away on business next week. 下星期我要出差. send sb about his business => send. 复合： `business address address of one's place of work 办公地址; 工作地址. `business card small card printed with sb's name and details of his job and company （业务）名片. `business hours hours during which a shop or an office is open for work 营业时间; 办公时间. `businesslike adj efficient; systematic 有效的; 有条不紊的: Negotiations were conducted in a businesslike manner. 谈判按部就班地进行. `businessman[-mn; -9mAn/, `businesswoman ns 1 person working in business, esp the manager of a company 从事工商业的人; （尤指）经理. 2 person who is skilful and alert in financial matters 熟悉并精於财经业务的人: I ought to have got a better price for the car but I'm not a very good businessman. 那辆汽车我本该讨个更合适的价钱, 只是我并不大会讨价还价. =>Usage at chair 用法见 chair. `business studies study of economics and management 经济与管理的学习或研究.

busk
[bQsk; bQsk] v [I] (infml 口) entertain people in a public place, eg by playing music, for money 在公共场所卖艺（尤指演奏乐曲）. > busker n. busking n [U].

bust
1[bQst; bQst] n 1 sculpture of a person's head, shoulders and chest 半身雕塑像（包括头、 肩、 胸）. 2 (a) woman's breasts; bosom 女子的乳房; 胸部. (b) measurement round a woman's chest and back （女子的）胸围: * [attrib 作定语] What is your bust size, madam? 小姐, 您胸围的尺寸是多少? 派生： busty adj having large breasts 乳房大的.

bustard
[5bQstEd; 5bQstld] n large land bird that can run very fast 鸨（一种体大善跑的陆地鸟）.

buster
[5bQstE(r); 5bQstl] n (US infml usu derog 口, 通常作贬义) (used as a form of address to a man 用作对 男子的称呼): * Get lost, buster! 走开, 老兄!

bustle
1[5bQsl; 5bQsl] v 1 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (cause sb to) move busily and energetically (in the specified direction) （使某人）急忙而活跃地（向某方向）移动: * bustling about in the kitchen 在厨房里忙得团团转 * She bustled the children off to school. 她催促孩子们上学去. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) be full of (noise, activity, etc) 到处是（嘈杂的声音、 繁忙的景象等）: * bustling streets 熙熙攘攘的街道 * The city centre was bustling with life. 城市中心充满了生活的繁忙景象. 派生： bustle n [U] excited and noisy activity 热闹的活动: the (hustle and) bustle of city life 都市生活的（拥挤和）繁忙景象.

busy
[5bizi; 5bizi] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 ~ (at/with sth); ~ (doing sth) having much to do; working (on sth); occupied (with sth) 忙的; 正做（某事）的; 忙於（某事）的: * Doctors are busy people. 医生都是大忙人. * Could I have a word with you, if you're not too busy? 你若不太忙的话, 我跟你说句话行吗? * She's busy at/with her homework. 她正忙着做家庭作业. * Please go away can't you see I'm busy? 请走开吧--你看不见我正忙着吗? * She's busy writing letters. 她正忙着写信呢. 2 full of activity 繁忙的: * a busy day, life, time of year, etc 忙碌的一天、 一生、 一些日子 * a busy office, street, town 繁忙的事务所、 街道、 城镇 * Victoria is one of London's busiest stations. 维多利亚站是伦敦最繁忙的一个车站. * The shops are very busy at Christmas. 圣诞节期间店 忙得不可开交. 3 (a) = engaged (engage). (b) being used (and so not available) 正用着的; 正被占用的: * The (telephone) line is busy. （电话）占线. * The photocopier has been busy all morning. 影印机一上午都用着. 4 (of a picture or design) too full of detail （指图画或图样）复杂的: * This wallpaper is too busy for the bedroom. 这壁纸的图案太乱, 不适合用於卧室. 5 (idm 习语) (as) busy as a bee very busy (and happy to be so) 忙个不停（并以此为乐）: * The children are busy as bees, helping their mother in the garden. 孩子们忙个不停地在花园里帮母亲干活儿. get busy start working 开始工作: * We've only got an hour to do the job we'd better get busy. 我们只有一个小时来做这项工作--最好动手干吧. 派生： busily adv: busily engaged on a new project 忙於新的工作项目. busy v (pt, pp busied) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tng] ~ oneself (with sth); ~ oneself (in/with) doing sth occupy oneself or keep oneself busy (with sth) 使自己忙於（某事）: busy oneself in the garden, with the housework, etc 忙於园艺、 家务等

busy1
* He busied himself cooking the dinner. 他忙着做饭.

busybody
[5bizibCdi; 5bizi7badi] n (derog 贬) person who interferes in other people's affairs 好管闲事的人; 多事的人: * He's an interfering busybody! 他好管闲事!

but
1[bQt, also bEt; bQt, bEt] adv 1 (esp dated or fml 尤作旧或作文雅语) only 只; 仅仅: * He's but a boy. 他不过是个孩子. * If I had but known she was ill, I would have visited her. 我倘若知道她病了, 早就去探望她了. * I don't think we'll succeed. Still, we can but try. 我想我们不会成功. 但是不妨试一试. 2 (idm 习语) one cannot/could not but... (fml 文) one can only...; one is obliged to... 不得不...; 只好...: * It was a rash thing to do, yet one cannot but admire her courage. 这事做得过於鲁莽, 然而不能不佩服她的勇气. * I could not but admit that he was right and I was wrong. 我不得不承认他对了, 我错了.

butane
[5bju:tein; 5bjuten] n [U] inflammable gas produced from petroleum, used in liquid form as a fuel (for cooking, heating, lighting, etc) 丁烷.

butch
[butF; butF] adj (infml 口) 1 (often derog 常作贬义) (of a woman) having a masculine appearance and behaviour （指女子）（外貌和行为）男性化的. 2 (oftenapprov 常作褒义) (of a man) exaggeratedly or aggressivelymasculine （指男子）极具男子气的, 雄赳赳的.

butcher
[5butFE(r); 5butFl] n 1 person whose job is killing animals for food or cutting up and selling meat 屠夫; 肉商: * buy meat at the butcher's (shop) 在肉 买肉. 2 (derog 贬) person who kills people unnecessarily and brutally 妄杀无辜者; 刽子手: * a mindless butcher of innocent people 滥杀无辜毫无人性的刽子手. 派生： butcher v [Tn] 1 kill and prepare (animals) for meat 屠宰. 2 (derog 贬) kill (people or animals) unnecessarily and brutally 屠杀, 滥杀, 残杀（人或动物）: Women and children were butchered by the rebels. 妇女和儿童遭到叛乱者的屠杀. 3 (fig 比喻) make a mess of (sth); ruin 将（某事物）弄得一团糟; 毁坏: None of the cast can act at all they're butchering the play. 这班演员中没有一个人会演戏--他们把这个戏演得一团糟. butchery n [U] 1 butcher's trade 屠宰业. 2 unnecessary or brutal killing 无谓而残忍的杀戮.

butler
[5bQtlE(r); 5bQtll] n chief male servant of a house, usu in charge of the wine-cellar 男管家（通常负责管理酒窖）.

butt
1[bQt; bQt] n 1 large cask or barrel for storing wine or beer 大酒桶. 2 large barrel for collecting rainwater, eg from a roof （接雨水用的）大水桶（如接房顶滴下的雨水的）.

butter
bean

buttercup
[5bQtEkQp; 5bQtl7kQp] n wild plant with bright yellow cup-shaped flowers 毛茛（一种野生植物, 开杯形黄色花）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page ii.

butterfly
[5bQtEflai; 5bQtl7flai] n 1 [C] insect with a long thin body and four (usu brightly coloured) wings 蝴蝶. =>illus 见插图. 2 [C] (fig 比喻) person who never settles down to one job or activity for long 无 心的人; 没常性的人: * a social butterfly 交际花. 3 [sing] (also `butterfly stroke) stroke in swimming in which both arms are raised and lifted forwards at the same time while the legs move up and down together 蝶泳: * doing (the) butterfly 游蝶泳. 4 (idm 习语) have `butterflies (in one's stomach) (infml 口) have a nervous feeling in one's stomach before doing sth （做某事以前）心慌, 紧张.

buttock
[5bQtEk; 5bQtEk] n (esp pl 尤作复数) either of the two fleshy rounded parts of the body on which a person sits 臀部的半边; 半边屁股: * the left/right buttock 左[右]臀 * a smack on the buttocks 打在屁股上的一巴掌. =>illus at human 见human之插图.

button
[5bQtn; 5bQtn] n 1 knob or disc made of wood, metal, etc sewn onto a garment as a fastener or as an ornament 钮扣: * a coat, jacket, shirt, trouser button 大衣、 上衣、 衬衫、 裤子的钮扣 * lose a button 掉了一个钮扣 * sew on a new button 缝上一个新钮扣 * do one's buttons up 扣上钮扣. =>illus at jacket 见jacket之插图. 2 small knob that is pressed to operate a doorbell, a switch on a machine, etc （操纵门铃、 机器开关等的）按钮: * Which button do I press to turn the radio on? 我该按哪个按钮才能打开收音机? 3 (idm 习语) bright as a button => bright. on the `button (US infml 口) precisely 正好; 精确; 准确: * You've got it on the button! 你完全正确! 派生： button v 1 (a) [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) fasten sth with buttons 扣上某物的钮扣: button (up) one's coat, jacket, shirt, etc 扣上大衣、 上衣、 衬衫等的钮扣. (b) [I, Ip] ~ (up) be fastened with buttons 用钮扣扣上: This dress buttons at the back. 这件连衣裙是在背後系扣的. 2 (idm 习语) button (up) one's lip (US sl 俚) be silent 默不作声; 闭口不谈. 3 (phr v) button sth up (infml 口) complete sth successfully 顺利完成某事物: The deal should be buttoned up by tomorrow. 这笔生意应於明天顺利成交. 复合： ,button-down `collar collar with ends that are fastened to the shirt with buttons 两端有钮扣扣在衬衫上的衣领. ,buttoned `up silent and reserved; shy 沉默寡言的; 羞答答的: I've never met anyone so buttoned up. 我从来没有见到过这样不爱讲话的人. `buttonhole n 1 slit through which a button is passed to fasten clothing 钮扣孔; 扣眼. =>illus at jacket 见jacket之插图. 2 flower worn in the buttonhole of the lapel of a coat or jacket 大衣或上衣翻领的钮扣孔上佩带的花. v [Tn] make (sb) stop and listen, often reluctantly, to what one wants to say 使（某人）停下来（常为勉强地）听着. `buttonhook n hook for pulling a button into place through a buttonhole 钮扣钩（牵引钮扣穿过钮扣孔的钩）.

button1
,button `mushroom small unopened mushroom 未长开的小蘑菇.

buttress
[5bQtris; 5bQtris] n 1 support built against a wall 扶壁. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page viii. 2 thing or person that supports or reinforces sth, or protects against sth 支撑物; 支柱; 支持力量: * a country admired as a buttress of democracy 作为民主支柱而为人称道的国家 * He was a buttress against extremism in the party. 他是党内反对极端主义的中坚分子. 派生： buttress v [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) support or strengthen sth 支持或加强某事物: (fig 比喻) More government spending is needed to buttress industry. 为加强工业发展需要政府增加拨款. * You need more facts to buttress up your argument. 你需要有更多的事实来支持你的论据.

buxom
[5bQksEm; 5bQksEm] adj (usu approv esp joc 通常作褒义, 尤作戏谑语) (of women) plump and healthy-looking; having a large bosom （指女子）健美而丰满的; 乳房突出的.

buy
[bai; bai] v (pt, pp bought/bC:t; bCt] ) 1 [I, Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.a, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (for sb) obtain (sth) by giving money; purchase 购买（某物）; 采购: * House prices are low; it's a good time to buy. 现在房价很低, 买房子正是时候. * Where did you buy that coat? 那件大衣你是在哪儿买的? * I bought this watch (from a friend) for 10. 这个表我是用10英镑（从朋友那里）买的. * Did you buy your car new or second-hand? 你买的汽车是新的还是旧的? * I must buy myself a new shirt. 我得买件新衬衫了. * She's buying a present for her boy-friend. 她在给男朋友购买礼品. 2 [Tn] be the means of obtaining (sth) 换取（某事物）的方法或手段: * He gave his children the best education that money could buy. 他不惜花费金钱让孩子得到最好的教育. * Money can't buy happiness. 金钱买不到幸福. * A pound today buys much less than it did a year ago. 今天一英镑远远买不到一年前能买的那麽多东西. 3 [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] obtain (sth) by a sacrifice 作出牺牲以获得（某事物）: * His fame was bought at the expense of health and happiness. 他获得了名声牺牲了健康和幸福. * The victory was dearly bought, ie Many people were killed to achieve it. 胜利是以昂贵的代价换来的（许多人为之丧命）. 4 [Tn] (infml 口) accept (sth) as valid; believe 认为合乎情理而接受（某事物）; 相信: * No one will buy that excuse. 谁也不会相信那个借口. 5 [Tn] bribe (sb) 贿赂（某人）: * He can't be bought, ie is too honest to accept a bribe. 收买不了他. 6 (idm 习语) buy a pig in a `poke buy sth without seeing it or knowing if it is satisfactory 购买物品不看货色或不知是否合意; 隔山买老牛. buy `time delay sth that seems to be about to happen 拖延时间: * The union leaders are trying to buy time by prolonging the negotiations. 工会的领袖企图以延长谈判过程来拖延时间.

buy1
7 (phr v) buy sth in (a) buy a stock of sth 大量买进某物: * buy in coal for the winter 买进大批冬煤. (b) (at an auction) buy back (an item for which the bidding has not reached the agreed price) for the owner （在拍卖中）（因出价未达商妥的价钱）为物主买回（原物）. buy sb off pay sb not to act against one's interests 收买某人: * Unless he drops the charge we'll have to buy him off. 他若不撤销指控, 我们就得收买他. buy sb out pay sb to give up a share in a business (usu in order to become the sole owner of it oneself) 买下某人公司的股份（通常为独占该公司）: * Having bought out all his partners he now owns the whole company. 他买下合夥人的全部股份, 现在整个公司是他的了. buy sb over bribe sb 贿赂某人. buy sth up buy all or as much as possible of sth 将某物全部买下; 尽量购入某物: * A New York business man has bought up the entire company. 纽约的一个商人把整个公司收购了. 派生： buy n act of buying sth; thing bought 购买; 所购的物品: a good buy, ie a useful purchase or a bargain 便宜货 * Best buys of the week are carrots and cabbages, which are plentiful and cheap. 本星期买胡萝卜和洋白菜最合算, 因货源充足, 价格低廉. buyer n 1 person who buys 购买者: Have you found a buyer for your house? 你那房子找到买主没有? 2 person employed to choose and buy stock for a large shop （大商店的）进货员, 采购员. buyer's market state of affairs when goods are plentiful and prices are low 买方市场（货物充足、 价格低廉的市场状况）.

buzz
[bQz; bQz] v 1 [I] (a) make a humming sound 作嗡嗡声: * bees, flies and wasps buzzing round a pot of jam 围着果酱罐子嗡嗡叫的蜜蜂、 苍蝇、 黄蜂. (b) (of the ears) be filled with a humming sound （指耳朵）嗡嗡响: * My ears began buzzing. 我的耳朵嗡嗡响起来了. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) be full of excited talk, gossip or rumours 充满兴奋的谈话声、 闲话或谣言: * The courtroom buzzed as the defendant was led in. 被告被带进来时, 审判室里发出一阵嘈杂声. * The village was buzzing with excitement at the news of the Queen's visit. 全村的人都兴奋地谈论着女王莅临的消息. * The office is buzzing with rumours. 办公室里嘁嘁喳喳地议论着谣言. 3 [Ipr, Tn] ~ (for) sb summon sb with a buzzer 用蜂响器传唤某人: * The doctor buzzed (for) the next patient. 医生按蜂鸣器传唤下一个病人. 4 [Tn] (infml 口) telephone (sb) 给（某人）打电话: * I'll buzz you at work. 我上班时将给你打电话. 5 [Tn] fly close to (sb/sth) as a warning 飞近（某人[某物]）表示警告: * Two fighters buzzed the convoy as it approached the coast. 当船队接近海岸时, 两架战斗机飞近示警. 6 (phr v) buzz about/around (sth) move quickly and busily 迅速而匆忙地移动: * She buzzed around the kitchen making preparations for the party. 她在厨房里忙来忙去为这次聚会作准备. buzz `off (Brit infml 口) (esp imperative 尤用於祈使语气) go away 走开: * Just buzz off and leave me alone! 走开, 让我清静一下! 派生： buzz n 1 [C] humming sound (esp one made by an insect) 嗡嗡声（尤指昆虫所发的）: the angry buzz of a bee/wasp 蜜蜂[黄蜂]很响的嗡嗡声. 2 [sing] (a) low confused sound of people talking 乱哄哄的说话声: the buzz of voices in the crowded room 挤满人的房间里乱哄哄的声音. (b) rumour 谣言: There's a buzz going round that the boss has resigned. 有传闻说主管已经辞职了. 3 [C] sound of a buzzer 蜂响器的声音.

buzz1
4 [sing] (infml 口 esp US) feeling of pleasure or excitement 愉快或兴奋之情: Flying gives me a real buzz. 飞行可真叫我兴奋. 5 (idm 习语) give sb a `buzz (infml 口) make a telephone call to sb 给某人打电话. buzzer n electrical device that produces a buzzing sound as a signal 蜂响器; 蜂鸣器; 蜂音器. 复合： `buzz-word n specialist or technical word or phrase that becomes fashionable and popular （流行而时髦的）专业词语或技术用语. Cf 参看 vogue-word (vogue).

buzzard
[5bQzEd; 5bQzld] n type of large hawk （一种巨鹰）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page iv.

by
product

bye
1[bai; bai] n (sport 体) 1 (in cricket) run scored from a ball that passes the batsman without being hit by him （板球）漏击得分（球越过击球手未被击中）. 2 situation in which a player having no opponent in one round of a tournament proceeds to the next round as if he had won 轮空（运动员在比赛中因无对手而自动进入下一轮的情况）.

bygone
[5baigCn; 5bai7gan] adj [attrib 作定语] past 过去的; 以前的; 过时的: * a bygone age 过去的年代 * in bygone days 往日. 派生： bygones n (idm 习语) let ,bygones be `bygones (saying 谚) let us forgive and forget past quarrels 过去的事就让它过去吧（让我们互相谅解、 捐弃前嫌吧）.

byline
[5bailain; 5bai7lain] n line at the beginning or end of an article in a newspaper, etc, giving the writer's name （报刊等的文章开头或结尾）标出作者名字的一行.

bypass
[5baipa:s; - -pAs; 5bai7pAs] n 1 road by which traffic can go round a city, busy area, etc instead of through it （绕开城市、 闹市区等的）旁道: * If we take the bypass we'll avoid the town centre. 我们走旁道, 就能避开市镇的中心. 2 (medical 医) alternative passage for blood to circulate through during a surgical operation, esp on the heart 分路; 旁路; 旁通管; 分流术: * [attrib 作定语] bypass surgery 使用旁通管的外科手术. 派生： bypass v [Tn] 1 provide (a town, etc) with a bypass 在（市镇等）外围辟一条旁道: a plan to bypass the town centre 在市镇中心外围开辟旁道的计划. 2 go around or avoid (sth), using a bypass 走旁道以绕过或避开（某物）: We managed to bypass the shopping centre by taking side-streets. 我们尽量走小路以绕过购物中心区. * (fig 比喻) bypass a difficulty, problem, etc 避开困难、 问题等. 3 ignore (a rule, procedure, etc) or fail to consult (sb) in order to act quickly 为图省事而不顾（规则、 手续等）或不请教（某人）: He bypassed his colleagues on the board and went ahead with the deal. 他未徵求董事会中同事的意见就做了这笔交易.

bystander
[5baistAndE(r); 5bai7stAndl] n person standingnear, but not taking part, when sth happens; onlooker 旁观者: * an innocent bystander 无辜的旁观者 * Police interviewed several bystanders after the accident. 事故发生後, 警方接见了几个现场旁观者.

byte
[bait; bait] n (computing 计) fixed number of binary digits, often representing a single character 字节; 位组.

byway
[5baiwei; 5bai7we] n 1 [C] = by-road: * highways and byways 大路和小路. 2 byways [pl] (fig 比喻) less important or well-known areas (of a subject) （学科中）较次要或较冷僻的方面: * the byways of German literature 德国文学的冷门部分.

byword
[5baiwE:d; 5bai7wEd] n 1 ~ for sth person or thing considered to be a notable or typical example of a quality 代表某种品性的人或事物: * His name has becomea byword for cruelty. 他的名字成了残酷无情的别称. * The firm is a byword for excellence. 这家商号是优质的保证. 2 common saying or expression 俗语; 谚语.

Byzantine
[bai'zntain, 'bizEntain; 5bizEn7tain] adj 1 of Byzantium or the E Roman Empire 拜占庭帝国的; 东罗马帝国的. 2 of or relating to the Byzantine style of architecture （建 ）拜占庭式的, 拜占庭风格的. 3 (usu derog 通常作贬义) like Byzantine politics, ie complicated, secretive and difficult to change 似拜占庭政治的; 复杂难解的; 行事诡秘的; 难变更的: * an organization of Byzantine complexity 像拜占庭复杂诡秘的机构. C and W

C
in-C

C of E
[7si: Ev 'i:; 7si Ev 'i] abbr 缩写 = Church of England: * Are you C of E? 你是英国国教徒吗? Cf 参看 CE.

CAA
[7si: ei 'ei; 7si e 'e] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Civil Aviation Authority 民用航空局.

cab
[kAb; kAb] n 1 = taxi: * Shall we walk or take a cab/go by cab? 咱们走着去呢, 还是坐计程车去? 2 driver's compartment in a train, lorry or crane （机车、 卡车或起重机的）驾驶室, 司机室. 3 (formerly) horse-drawn carriage for public hire （旧时）出租马车. 复合： `cab-driver n driver of a cab 计程车司机. `cabstand n (US) = taxi-rank (taxi).

cabal
[kE'bAl; kE'bAl] n [CGp, C] (group of people involved in a) secret political plot 政治阴谋（集团）.

cabaret
[5kAbErei; - 7kAbE'rei; 7kAbE're] n 1 [U, C] entertainment (esp singing or dancing) provided in a restaurant or night-club while the customers are eating or drinking 卡巴莱（餐馆或夜总会中为进食顾客所做的表演, 尤指歌舞）: * Have you done any cabaret? 你做过卡巴莱表演吗? 2 [C] such a restaurant or night-club 卡巴莱餐馆或夜总会: * a singer in a cabaret 卡巴莱餐馆或夜总会的歌手.

cabbage
[5kAbidV; 5kAbidV] n 1 (a) [C] any of various types of vegetable with green or purple leaves, usu forming a round head 洋白菜, 卷心菜, 包心菜（结球甘蓝的通称）. =>illus 见插图. (b) [U] these leaves (usu cooked and) eaten as food 洋白菜（通常指熟的）. 2 [C] (Brit infml 口) (a) dull inactive person without interests or ambition 无精打彩或无进取心的人. (b) person who has lost his mental faculties, eg because of brain damage or illness, and is completely dependent on others 丧失智力的人.

cabby
(also cabbie)[5kAbi; 5kAbi] n (infml 口) taxi-driver 计程车司机.

caber
[5keibE(r); 5kebl] n long heavy wooden pole thrown in the air as a trial of strength in the Scottish sport of tossing the caber （在苏格兰人的运动中为测臂力而投掷使用的）长而重的木杆.

cabin
[5kAbin; 5kAbin] n 1 small room or compartment on a ship, an aircraft or a spacecraft （轮船或飞行器的）舱室: * book a cabin on a boat 预订船舱 * the pilot's cabin 飞行员室. 2 small hut or shelter, usu made of wood 小棚屋（通常为木制的）. 复合： `cabin-boy n boy who works as a waiter on a ship （船上的）（男）服务员. `cabin class second highest standard of accommodation on a ship （轮船）二等舱. `cabin cruiser = cruiser (cruise).

cabinet
[5kAbinit; 5kAbEnit] n 1 [C] piece of furniture with drawers or shelves for storing or displaying things 储藏柜: * a filing cabinet 文件柜 * a medicine cabinet 药品柜 * a china cabinet 瓷器柜. 2 [C] case or container for a radio, record-player or television （放收音机、 唱机或电视机的）框架或间格. 3 (also the Cabinet) [CGp] group of the most important government ministers, responsible for government administration and policy 内阁: * Members of the Cabinet are chosen by the Prime Minister. 内阁阁员是由首相挑选的. * [attrib 作定语] a cabinet minister, meeting, reshuffle 内阁阁员、 会议、 改组. 复合： `cabinet-maker n craftsman who makes fine wooden furniture 家具木工; 细木工.

cable
[5keibl; 5kebl] n 1 [C, U] (length of) thick strong rope made of fibre or wire, used esp for tying up ships 绳缆, 绳索（尤指系船用的）. 2 [C] rope or chain of an anchor 锚索; 锚链. 3 [C] (as a nautical measure) one tenth of a nautical mile, about 200 yards 链（海上测距单位, 等於十分之一海里, 约200码）. =>App 5 见附录5. 4 [C] (a) set of insulated wires (esp one laid underground or on the bottom of the sea) for carrying messages by telegraph （用以通电报的）绝缘导线; （尤指）地下电缆, 海底电缆. (b) (also cablegram) message sent abroad in this way 电报: * send sb/receive a cable 拍给某人[接收]电报. Cf 参看 telegram. 5 [C] set of insulated wires for carrying electricity overhead 架空电缆. 派生： cable v (a) [I, Ipr] ~ (to sb) (from...) send a cable to sb abroad 给海外某人拍发电报: Please write or cable. 请来信或来电. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tf] inform (sb) by cable 给（某人）拍发电报: Don't forget to cable us as soon as you arrive. 别忘了一到就给我们打个电报. (c) [Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) send (money, a message, etc) by cable 用电报汇（款）; 打电报传送（信息）: News of his death was cabled to his family. 他的死讯已电告其家属. 复合： `cable-car n car supported and drawn by a moving cable, usu carrying passengers up or down a mountain 缆车. `cablegram[5keiblgrm; 5kebl7grAm] n = cable n 4. cable `railway railway on a steep slope along which cars are drawn up and down by a moving cable with power from a stationary engine at the bottom or the top 缆车铁路. `cable stitch stitch in knitting that resembles twisted rope 缆绳状针织法. cable `television (also `cablevision) system of broadcasting television programmes by cable to subscribers 缆线电视; 有线电视.

caboodle
[kE'bu:dl; kE'budl] n (idm 习语) the whole caboodle => whole.

caboose
[kE'bu:s; kE'bus] n 1 kitchen on a ship's deck （轮船上的）厨房. 2 (US) guard's van, esp on a goods train 守车（尤指铁路货车上的）.

cacao
[kE'ka:Eu, also kE'keiEu; 7kE'kao, 7kE'keo] n (pl ~s) (a) (also ca`cao-bean) seed from which cocoa and chocolate are made 可可豆. (b) (also cac`ao-tree) tropical tree on which this grows 可可树.

cache
[kAF; kAF] n (a) place for hiding food, treasure or weapons 隐藏食物、 财宝或武器的地方; 贮藏处. (b) hidden store of food, etc （隐藏的食物等的）贮存物: * an arms cache 贮藏的武器. 派生： cache v [Tn] place (sth) in a cache 将（某物）藏於贮藏处.

cachet
[5kAFei; - kA'Fei; kA'Fe] n 1 [U] respect or admiration that sb gets because of his reputation or his achievements; prestige 威望; 声望; 威信: * Her success in business had earned her a certain cachet in society. 她事业有成, 赢得了一定的社会声望. 2 [C] distinguishing mark showing the excellence or authenticity of sth （表明某物优良可靠的）荣誉标志: * Rembrandt's paintings show the cachet of genius. 伦勃朗的绘画是天才的象徵.

cachou
[5kAFu:; - kE'Fu:; kE'Fu] n scented sweet eaten (esp formerly) to make the breath smell pleasant 口香糖（尤指旧时用以使口气芬芳的）.

cackle
[5kAkl; 5kAkl] n 1 [U] loud clucking noise that a hen makes after laying an egg （母鸡生蛋後的）咯咯叫声: * the cackle of hens/geese 母鸡[母鹅]的咯咯叫声. 2 [C] loud raucous or silly laugh 哈哈大笑; 咯咯大笑; 傻笑: * The old woman gave a loud cackle. 老太太咯咯地笑起来了. 3 [U] noisy chatter 高声谈话. 4 (idm 习语) cut the `cackle (infml 口) stop talking about irrelevant or unimportant matters 少说废话. 派生： cackle v [I, Ip] 1 (of a hen) make a cackle （指母鸡）咯咯叫. 2 (of a person) laugh or chatter noisily （指人）高声谈笑: cackling on for hours 高声谈笑半天.

cacophony
[kE'kCfEni; kE'kafEni] n [U, C usu sing 通常作单数] loud unpleasant mixture of discordant sounds 响亮而不和谐的声音; 刺耳的声音. > cacophonous[-nEs; -nEs/ adj.

cactus
[5kAktEs; 5kAktEs] n (pl ~es or cacti[5kktai; 5kAktai] ) any of various types of plants growing in hot dry regions, with thick fleshy stems and usu prickles, but no leaves 仙人掌. =>illus 见插图.

cad
[kAd; kAd] n (dated derog 旧, 贬) man who behaves dishonourably 下流男子: * He's no gentleman, he's a cad. 他可不是正经人, 他是个无赖. 派生： caddish[5kdiF; 5kAdiF] adj of or like a cad 下流人的; 像下流人的: * a caddish trick 卑鄙的手段.

cadaver
[kE'da:vE(r), also -'deiv-; - kE'dAvEr; kE'dAvl] n (esp medical 尤用於医学) dead body of a person; corpse 死 ; 体. 派生： cadaverous/kE'dvErEs; kE'dAvErEs] adj looking like a corpse; very pale and gaunt 像死 的; 苍白的; 死灰的.

caddie
(also caddy)[5kAdi; 5kAdi] n person who carries a golfer's clubs for him during a game 球僮（为打高尔夫球的人背球棒的人）. 派生： caddie v [I, Ipr] ~ (for sb) act as a caddie 当球僮: Would you like me to caddie for you? 我给你当球僮好吗?

caddy
[5kAdi; 5kAdi] n = tea-caddy (tea).

cadence
[5keidns; 5kedns] n 1 rhythm in sound 节奏; 韵律. 2 rise and fall of the voice in speaking （说话时语调的）抑扬顿挫: * recite poetry with beautiful cadences 以优美的韵律朗诵诗歌. 3 end of a musical phrase 乐章的结尾.

cadenza
[kE'denzE; kE'denzE] n (music 音) elaborate passage played by the soloist, usu near the end of a movement in a concerto 华彩段（通常在协奏曲近结尾处独奏者发挥技巧的段落）.

cadet
[kE'det; kE'det] n young person training to become a policeman or an officer in the armed forces 受训当警察或军官的年轻人: * army/naval/air force cadets 陆[海/空]军学员 * a police cadet 见习警察. 复合： ca`det corps (in some British schools) organization giving military training to older boys （英国某些学校中）对高年级男生进行军训的组织.

cadge
[kAdV; kAdV] v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (from sb) (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) get or try to get (sth) (from sb) by asking, often unreasonably （向某人）索要或要求（某事物）（常为无缘故的）; 占便宜: * Could I cadge a lift with you? 我能顺便坐你的汽车吗? * He's always cadging meals from his friends. 他总吃朋友的便宜饭. > cadger n.

cadmium
[5kAdmiEm; 5kAdmiEm] n [U] chemical element, a soft bluish-white metal that looks like tin 镉. =>App 10 见附录10.

cadre
[5ka:dE(r); - 'kAdri; 5kAdri] n 1 small permanentgroup of trained workers, soldiers, etc that can be enlarged when necessary 核心小组（受过训练的工作人员、 军人等, 必要时可以扩充）. 2 a member of such a group 干部.

Caesar
[5si:zE(r); 5sizl] n title of the Roman Emperors from Augustus to Hadrian 凯撒（古罗马帝国自奥古斯都至哈德良期间皇帝的称号）.

Caesarean
[si'zeEriEn; si'zeriEn] n (also Cesarian, Cae,sarean `section) surgical operation for delivering a baby by cutting the walls of the mother's abdomen and uterus 剖腹产术: * It was a difficult birth: * she had to have a Caesarean. 她因为难产, 要做剖腹产术.

caesura
[si'zjuErE; - si'VuErE; si'VurE] n pause near the middle of a line of poetry 一行诗句近中间处的停顿.

cafe
[5kAfei; - kA'fei; kA'fe] n small inexpensive restaurant serving light meals and (in Britain usu non-alcoholic) drinks 小餐馆（在英国通常不供应酒类）.

cafeteria
[7kAfE'tiEriE; 7kAfE'tiriE] n restaurant (esp in a factory or college) in which customers collect their meals on trays from a counter 自助食堂（尤指工厂或学校中自己用托盘从柜台领取食物的）.

caffeine
[5kAfi:n; 5kAfin] n [U] stimulant drug found in tea leaves and coffee beans 咖啡硷; 咖啡因.

caftan
(also kaftan)[5kAftAn; 5kAftAn] n 1 long loose garment, usu with a belt at the waist, worn by men in the Near East （近东男子穿的肥大的）长袍（通常有腰带）. 2 woman's long loose dress （女用肥大的）长袍.

cage
[keidV; kedV] n 1 structure made of bars or wires in which birds or animals are kept or carried 鸟笼; 兽槛. 2 enclosed platform used to raise and lower people and equipment in the shaft of a mine （矿井中的）升降车. 派生： cage v 1 [Tn] put or keep (sb/sth) in a cage 将（某人[某物]）关入笼中. 2 (phr v) cage sb in make sb feel that he is in a cage 使某人觉得身困笼中: I felt terribly caged in in that office. 我呆在那个办公室里感觉真像在笼子里一样.

cagey
[5keidVi; 5kedVi] adj (cagier, cagiest) ~ (about sth) (infml 口) cautious about giving information; wary; secretive 秘而不宣的; 谨小慎微的; 讳莫如深的: * He's very cagey about his family. 他对他家庭的事守口如瓶. > cagily adv. caginess (also cageyness) n [U].

cagoule
[kE'gu:l; kE'gul] n light long waterproof jacket with a hood 有兜帽的轻便长雨衣.

cahoots
[kE'hu:ts; kE'huts] n (idm 习语) be in cahoots (with sb) (infml 口 esp US) be planning sth (usu dishonest) with sb; be in league (with sb) 与某人合谋某事（通常为坏事）; （与某人）结伙: * The two criminals were in cahoots (with each other). 那两个罪犯（彼此）勾结在一起.

caiman
= cayman.

cairn
[keEn; kern] n mound of rough stones built as a landmark or as a memorial, eg on a mountain top 堆石标（作路标或纪念用的石堆, 如在山顶上的）.

caisson
[5keisn; 5kesn] n 1 large watertight box or chamber in which men can work under water (eg when building foundations) 沉箱（工人进行水下作业, 如建底座时所乘的大潜水箱）. 2 large box (usu on wheels) in which ammunition is carried 弹药箱; （通常为）弹药车.

cajole
[kE'dVEul; kE'dVol] v [Tn, Tn.pr] (a) ~ sb(into/out of sth); ~ sb (into/out of doing sth) persuade sb (to do sth) by flattery or deceit; coax sb 哄 骗某人（作某事）; 劝诱某人: * She was cajoled into (accepting) a new contract. 她受人哄骗而接受了新合同. (b) ~ sth out of sb get (information, etc) from sb in this way 以上述手段从某人处得到（信息等）: * The confession had to be cajoled out of him. 连哄带劝他才坦白. > cajolery n [U].

cake
[keik; kek] n 1 [C, U] sweet food made from a mixture of flour, eggs, butter, sugar, etc baked in a certain shape or size and usu iced or decorated 糕; 蛋糕; 糕饼: * a sponge cake 海绵状蛋糕 * a chocolate cake 巧克力蛋糕 * a fruit cake 水果蛋糕 * a piece/slice of (birthday) cake 一块[片]（生日）蛋糕 * an assortment of fancy cakes 什锦花蛋糕 * Have some more cake! 再多吃些蛋糕! 2 [C] other food mixture cooked in a round flat shape 饼: * `fish cakes 鱼肉饼 * po`tato cakes 马铃薯饼. 3 [C] shaped or hardened mass of a substance 块状物: * a cake of soap 一块肥皂. 4 (idm 习语) cakes and `ale pleasurable things in life 生活中的乐事; 吃喝玩乐: * Life isn't all cakes and ale, you know. 要知道生活并非都是吃喝玩乐. get, want, etc a slice/share of the `cake get, etc a share of the benefits or profits one is or feels entitled to, eg as an employee of a business or an industry or as a member of a profession 得到应得的一份利益: * As workers in a profit-making industry, miners are demanding a larger slice of the cake. 矿工们身处赚钱的企业, 要求多分一杯羹. have one's cake and `eat it (infml 口) enjoy the benefits from two alternative courses of action, etc when only one or the other is possible （在两者中只可得其一时）两者兼得: * He wants a regular income but doesn't want to work. He can't have his cake and eat it! 他又想要有稳定的收入, 又不想工作. 他不能两者兼得. a piece of cake => piece1. sell like hot cakes => sell. take the biscuit/cake => biscuit. 派生： cake v 1 [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in/with sth) cover sth thickly (with sth that becomes hard when dry （以乾後可变硬的东西）厚厚地覆盖某物): His shoes were caked with mud. 他鞋上粘着厚厚的泥. 2 [I] harden into a compact mass 结成硬块: Blood from the wound had caked on his face. 伤口的血在他脸上结成了硬块.

CAL
(also Cal)[kAl; kAl] abbr 缩写 = computer-aided[-assisted learning 计算机辅助学习; 电脑辅助学习.

calabash
[5kAlEbAF; 5kAlE7bAF] n 1 large fruit or gourd of which the hard outer skin is used as a container for liquids 葫芦. 2 tropical American tree on which this grows 葫芦树（产於热带美洲）.

calamine
[5kAlEmain; 5kAlE7main] n [U] (also calamine lotion) pink lotion used to soothe sore or burnt skin 炉甘石洗剂（用作皮肤灼伤止痛的粉红色药液）.

calamity
[kEl'AmEti; kE'lAmEti] n serious misfortune or disaster 灾祸; 灾难: * The earthquake was the worst calamity in the country's history. 那次地震是全国有史以来最严重的灾难. * (joc 谑) There are worse calamities than failing your driving test. 比起你驾驶考试不合格来说, 更大的灾难还多着呢. 派生： calamitous/kE'lAmitEs; kE'lAmEtEs] adj ~ (to sb/sth) involving or causing a calamity; disastrous 受灾的; 造成灾害的; 灾难的.

calcify
[5kAlsifai; 5kAlsE7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) [I, Tn] (cause sth to) harden by a deposit of calcium salts （使某物）钙化. > calcification[7kAlsifi'keiFn; 7kAlsEfi'keFEn] n [U].

calcine
[5kAlsain; 5kAlsain] v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) be reduced to powder by burning; burn to ashes （使某物）烧成粉末; 烧成灰. 派生： calcination[7kAlsi'neiFn; 7kAlsi'neFEn] n [U] conversion of a metal into an oxide by burning 画烧.

calcium
[5kAlsiEm; 5kAlsiEm] n [U] chemical element, a greyish-white metal found as a compound in bones, teeth and chalk 钙. =>App 10 见附录10. 复合： ,calcium `carbide compound of calcium and carbon used in making acetylene gas 碳化钙. ,calcium hy`droxide white crystalline compound of calcium; slaked lime 氢氧化钙; 熟石灰.

calculable
[5kAlkjulEbl; 5kAlkjElEbl] adj that can be calculated 可计算的; 可推算的; 可估计的.

calculate
[5kAlkjuleit; 5kAlkjE7let] v 1 [Tn, Tf, Tw] work (sth) out by using numbers or one's judgement; estimate 计算; 推算; 估计: * calculate the cost of sth/how much sth will cost 计算某事物的费用 * Scientists have calculated that the world's population will double by the end of the century. 科学家已推算出世界人口在本世纪末将要增加一倍. * I calculate that we will reach London at about 3 pm. 我估计我们大约在下午3时到达伦敦. 2 [Tn, Tf, Tnt] (US infml 口) suppose (sth); believe 认为; 觉得; 相信. 3 (idm 习语) be calculated to do sth be intended or designed to do sth 打算或计划做某事: * This advertisement is calculated to appeal to children. 这个广告是针对儿童设计的. * His speech was calculated to stir up the crowd. 他讲的话是有意鼓动群众的. a calculated `insult deliberate or premeditated insult 故意的或存心的侮辱. a calculated `risk risk taken deliberately with full knowledge of the dangers （明知有危险）有意进行的冒险. 4 (phr v) calculate on sth/doing sth depend or rely on sth 指望或依靠某事物: * We can't calculate on (having) good weather for the barbecue. 我们不能指望着（有）好天气才去烧烤. 派生： calculating adj selfishly scheming; shrewd 有私心的; 精明的: a cold and calculating killer 冷酷而诡诈的凶手 * a calculating businessman 精明的生意人. calculation[7kAlkju'leiFn; 7kAlkjE'leFEn] n 1 [C, U] (result of) calculating 计算, 推算, 估计（的结果）: * Our calculations show that the firm made a profit of over1000000 last year. 我们的计算结果表明公司去年赢利超过1000000英镑. * You're out (ie You have made a mistake) in your calculations. 你失算了（你犯了个错误）. * After much calculation (ie careful thought) they offered him the job. 他们经过慎重考虑以後, 把这项工作交给他了. 2 [U] scheming 计划; 策划.

calculator
[5kAlkjuleitE(r); 5kAlkjE7letl] n 1 small electronic device for making mathematical calculations 计算器. 2 person who calculates 计算的人.

calculus
[5kAlkjulEs; 5kAlkjElEs] n (pl -li[-lai; -7lai] or -luses[-lEsiz; -lEsiz] ) branch of mathematics, divided into two parts (differential calculus and integral calculus), that deals with problems involving rates of variation 微积分（学）.

caldron
(esp US) = cauldron.

calendar
[5kAlindE(r); 5kAlEndl] n 1 (a) chart showing the days, weeks and months of a particular year 日历: * Do you have next year's calendar? 你有明年的日历吗? (b) device that can be adjusted to show the date each day 日历仪（可校准显示每日日期的装置）: * a desk calendar 座台日历仪. 2 (usu sing 通常作单数) list of dates or events of a particular kind 日程表: * The Cup Final is an important date in the sporting calendar. 足总杯决赛在运动日程表中是个重要日子. 3 system by which time is divided into fixed periods, and of marking the beginning and end of a year 历法: * the Gregorian/Julian/Muslim calendar 格雷果里[儒略/穆斯林]历. 复合： ,calendar `month 1 any one of the twelve months of the calendar 历月（日历中十二个月份中的任何一个月）. Cf 参看 lunar month (lunar). 2 period of time from a certain date in one month to the same date in the next one 从某月某日至下月同一日的期间. ,calendar `year (also year) period of time from 1 January to 31 December in the same year 历年（从1月1日至同年12月31日的期间）.

calender
[5kAlindE(r); 5kAlEndl] n machine for pressing and smoothing cloth or paper 砑光机, 轮压机（压光布或纸的机器）. 派生： calender v [Tn] press (sth) in a calender 用砑光机压光（某物）.

calf
1[ka:f; - kAf; kAf] n (pl calves/ka:vz; - kvz; kAvz] ) 1 [C] (a) young of cattle 小牛; 犊. =>illus at cow 见cow. Cf 参看 bull1 1, cow1 1. (b) young of the seal, the whale and certain other animals （海豹、鲸及其他一些动物的）仔, 幼兽. Cf 参看 bull1 2, cow1 2.2 [U] (also `calfskin) leather made from the skin of a calf 小牛皮革. 3 (idm 习语) (be) in/with `calf (of a cow) pregnant （指母牛）怀孕的. kill the fatted calf => kill. 复合： `calf-love = puppy-love (puppy).

calibrate
[5kAlibreit; 5kAlE7bret] v [Tn] mark or correct the units of measurement on (the scale of a thermometer or some other measuring instrument) 标定或校准（温度计或其他一些计量器刻度）上的计量单位. 派生： calibration[7kAli'breiFn; 7kAli'breFEn] n 1 [U] action of calibrating 标定或校准计量单位. 2 [C] units of measurement marked on a thermometer, etc （温度计等的）刻度.

calibre
(US caliber)[5kAlibE(r); 5kAlEbl] n 1 [C] diameter of the inside of a tube or gun-barrel （管子或枪炮筒的）口径. 2 [U] quality; ability; distinction 质量; 能力; 特性: * His work is of the highest calibre. 他的工作质量最高. * The firm needs more people of your calibre. 公司需要多找些有你这种才干的人.

calico
[5kAlikEu; 5kAlE7ko] n (pl ~es; US ~s) [U, C] 1 (esp Brit) type of cotton cloth, esp plain white or unbleached 棉布（尤指素白的或未经漂白的）. 2 (esp US) printed cotton fabric 印花棉布.

caliper
= calliper.

caliph
[5keilif; 5kelif] n (a) title formerly used by Muslim rulers who were successors of Muhammad 哈里发（旧时用作默罕默德继承者穆斯林统治者的称号）. (b) chief civil and religious ruler in certain Muslim countries 哈里发（某些穆斯林国家中政教合一的统治者）. 派生： caliphate[5kAlifeit; 5kAli7fet] n position, reign or territory of a caliph 哈里发的职位、 统治或辖区.

calisthenics
= callisthenics.

calk
(US) = caulk.

call
1[kC:l; kCl] n 1 [C] shout; cry 呼喊; 喊叫: * a call for help 大声呼救 * They came at my call, ie when I shouted to them. 我把他们喊来了. 2 [C] characteristic cry of a bird （鸟的）鸣叫, 啼叫. 3 [C] signal sounded on a horn, bugle, etc 喇叭、 军号等的号声. 4 [C] short visit (to sb's house) （到某人家）拜访: * pay a call on a friend 访友 * The doctor has five calls to make this morning. 今早大夫要去五家出诊. * We must return her call, ie visit her because she visited us. 我们得到她家回访. 5 [C] (also `phone call, ring) act of telephoning; conversation on the telephone 打电话; 用电话交谈: * give sb/make/receive/return a call 给某人打[拨/接/回]电话 * Were there any calls for me while I was out? 我出去的时候, 有人来过电话吗? 6 (a) [C] order, signal or invitation, esp to come or meet; summons 命令, 信号, 邀请（尤指使之前来或相见）; 召唤: * The Prime Minister is waiting for a call to the Palace. 首相待召进宫. * An actor's call tells him when to go on stage. 有个演员示意让他到时上场. * This is the last call for passengers travelling on flight BA 199 to Rome. 乘坐英航199号班机飞往罗马的乘客, 这是最後一次通知. * (fig 比喻) He answered the call of duty and enlisted in the army. 他应徵入伍. (b) [sing] ~ (of sth) inner urge to follow a course of action or profession; vocation 感召; 神召: * feel the call (of the priesthood) 感到（教士圣职的）神召. (c) [sing] ~ of sth attraction or fascination of (a particular place or activity) （某处或某活动的）吸引力, 诱惑力: * the call of the sea, of the wild, of faraway places, etc 大海、 荒野、 遥远地方等的吸引力. (d) [C] ~ for sth request or demand for sth 对某事物的要求或号召: * The President made a call for national unity. 总统号召全国人民团结起来. * There were calls for the Prime Minister's resignation from the Opposition parties. 在反对党中, 有人要求首相辞职.

call1
7 [U] ~ for sth (esp in negative sentences and questions 尤用於否定句及疑问句中) need or occasion for sth 对某事物的需要, 必要或理由: * There isn't much call for such things these days. 这种东西近来需求量不大. * There was no call for such rudeness. 没必要这麽粗暴. 8 [C] ~ on sb/sth demand on sb/sth 对某人[某事物]的需求: * He is a busy man with many calls on his time. 他很忙, 有很多事需要花时间去做. 9 [C] (in card-games) player's bid or turn to bid （纸牌戏中）叫牌, 轮到叫牌: * It's your call, partner. 伙伴, 该你叫牌了. 10 (idm 习语) at one's/sb's beck and call => beck2. a call of `nature (euph 婉) need to urinate or defecate 要小便或大便. a close call => close1. (be) on `call (esp of a doctor) available for work if necessary （尤指医生）随叫随到: * Who's on call tonight? 今晚谁值班? a port of call => port1. within `call near enough to hear sb shouting (for help, etc) 在（求救等）喊声能听到的范围内; 附近. 复合： `call-box n = telephone-box (telephone). `call-girl n prostitute who makes appointments by telephone 应召女郎（用电话召唤的妓女）. `call-in = phone-in (phone1).

calligraphy
[kE'ligrEfi; kE'ligrEfi] n [U] (art of produc-ing) beautiful handwriting 书法. > calligrapher n.

calling
[5kC:liN; 5kCliN] n 1 profession; trade 职业; 行业. 2 strong urge or feeling of duty to do a particular job; vocation 对做某项工作的强烈欲望或责任感; 使命; 神的感召: * He believes it is his calling to become a priest. 他认为当教士是自己的使命.

calliper
(also caliper)[5kAlipE(r); 5kAlEpl] n 1 [C usu pl 通常作复数] metal support for weak or injured legs 双脚规形夹（因腿部无力或损伤而使用的金属支架）. 2 callipers [pl] instrument for measuring the diameter of tubes or round objects 测径器; 双脚规; 卡钳: * a pair of callipers 一把测径器. =>illus 见插图.

callisthenics
(also calisthenics)[7kAlis'Weniks;7kAlEs'Weniks] n [sing or pl v] exercises to develop strong and graceful bodies 柔软体操; 健美运动.

callosity
[kA'lCsEti; kA'lasEti] n (fml 文) area of hardened skin; callus 胼胝, 茧子（皮肤硬化的部分）.

callous
[5kAlEs; 5kAlEs] adj 1 cruelly insensitive or unsympathetic 冷酷无情的; 无同情心的: * a callous person, attitude, act 冷酷无情的人、 态度、 行为. 2 (of the skin) hardened, eg by rough work （指皮肤）硬化的, 起茧子的（如因做粗重活儿所致）. 派生： calloused adj (of the skin) hardened; having calluses （指皮肤）硬化的, 有茧子的: calloused hands 有茧子的手. callously adv in a callous(1) way 冷酷无情地; 无同情心地. callousness n [U] callous(1) behaviour 冷酷无情; 无同情心的行为.

callow
[5kAlEu; 5kAlo] adj (derog 贬) immature and inexperienced 既不成熟又无经验的; 乳臭未乾的: * a callow youth 黄口小儿 * callow thinking 异想天开. > callowness n [U].

callus
[5kAlEs; 5kAlEs] n area of thick hardened skin 胼胝, 茧子（皮肤硬化增厚的部分）: * calluses on one's palms 手掌上的茧子.

calm
[ka:m; - also ka:lm; kam, kalm] adj (-er, -est) 1 (a) (of the sea) without large waves; still （指海洋）无浪的, 平静的. (b) (of the weather) not windy （指天气）无风的: * a calm, cloudless day 无风无云的一天. 2 not excited, nervous or agitated; quiet; untroubled 镇定的; 安静的; 无忧虑的: * It is important to keep/stay calm in an emergency. 在紧急情况下保持镇静是很重要的. * The city is calm again after yesterday's riots. 这座城市经过昨天的动乱以後又平静下来了. =>Usage at quiet 用法见quiet. 派生： calm n [C, U] 1 calm condition or period 平静的状态或时期: the calm of a summer evening 夏日夜晚的宁静 * After the storm came a calm. 风暴过後, 万籁俱寂. 2 (idm 习语) the calm before the storm time of unnatural calm immediately before an expected outburst of violent activity, passion, etc 暴风雨前的平静（在预料到激烈的活动、 情绪等即将爆发之前的反常的 平静时期）. calm v [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (sb) (down) (cause sb to) become calm （使某人）平静, 镇静, 安静: Just calm down a bit! 你先静一静! * Have a brandy it'll help to calm you (down). 来点儿白兰地--能使你静下来. calmly adv: He walked into the shop and calmly (ie impudently and self-confidently) stole a pair of gloves. 他走进商店若无其事地偷了一副手套. calmness n [U].

Calor gas
[5kAlE gAs; 5kAll7gAs] n [U] (propr 专利名) liquid butane stored under pressure in containers for domestic use 罐装石油气.

calorie
[5kAlEri; 5kAlEri] n (abbr 缩写 cal) 1 unit for measuring a quantity of heat 卡路里, 卡（热量单位）. 2 unit for measuring the energy value of food 大卡, 千卡（食物含能量的热值单位）: * An ounce of sugar has about 100 calories. 一盎司的糖含约100大卡的热量. * Her diet restricts her to 1500 calories a day. 她的规定饮食限制她每天摄入1500大卡的热量. 派生： calorific[7kAlE'rifik; 7kAlE'rifik] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of or producing heat 生热的; 发热的: * calorific value, ie the quantity of heat or energy produced by a given amount of fuel or food 发热值（燃料或食物产生的热量）.

calumny
[5kAlEmni; 5kAlEmni] n (fml 文) 1 [C] false statement about sb, made to damage his character 诬蔑; 中伤: * a victim of vicious calumnies 恶毒诬蔑的受害者. 2 [U] slander 诽谤: * accuse sb of calumny 控告某人诽谤. 派生： calumniate/kE'lQmnieit; kE'lQmni7et] v [Tn] (fml 文) slander (sb) 诬蔑, 中伤, 诽谤（某人）. calumnious/kE'lQmniEs; kE'lQmniEs] adj (fml 文) slanderous 诬蔑的; 中伤的; 诽谤的.

calve
[ka:v; - kAv; kAv] v [I] give birth to a calf 生小牛: * Our cows will be calving soon. 我们的牛快生小牛了.

Calvinism
[5kAlvinizEm; 5kAlvinizEm] n [U] religious teaching of the French Protestant John Calvin (1509-64) and of his followers 加尔文主义, 加尔文教义（法国新教派加尔文, 1509-1564, 及其追随者的宗教教义）. 派生： Calvinist[5kAlvinist; 5kAlvinist] n follower of Calvin's teaching 加尔文派教徒.

calypso
[kE'lipsEu; kE'lipso] n (pl ~s) West Indian song about a subject of current interest, having a variable rhythm and often improvised words. 卡利普索小调（西印度群岛歌曲, 以时事为主题, 有多种韵律, 临时填词演唱）.

calyx
[5keiliks; 5keliks] n (pl ~es or calyces[5keilisi:z; 5keli7siz] ) (botany 植) ring of leaves (called sepals) enclosing an unopened flower-bud 花萼（花瓣外层的一圈小叶, 称为萼片）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page ii.

cam
[kAm; kAm] n projecting part on a wheel designed to change the circular motion of the wheel as it turns into up-and-down or backwards-and-forwards motion of another part 凸轮（轮上的凸起部件, 用以使轮的圆周运动转变成另一部件的上下或前後运动）. 复合： camshaft[5kAmFa:ft; - -FAft; 5kAm7FAft] n shaft with a cam or cams on it, esp in a motor vehicle 凸轮轴（有凸轮的轴, 尤用於机动车辆）.

camaraderie
[7kAmE'ra:dEri; - -'rAd-; 7kAmE'rA-dEri] n [U] friendship and mutual trust; comradeship 友谊与互相信任; 同志情谊.

camber
[5kAmbE(r); 5kAmbl] n slight upward curve on the surface of sth, esp a road 中凸形, 拱势（物体, 尤指道路, 表面略向上弯的曲面）. 派生： camber v [Tn] give a camber to (esp a road) 使（尤指路面）拱起: The street is quite steeply cambered at this point. 这条街的这个地方拱起很高.

cambric
[5keimbrik; 5kembrik] n [U] fine thin linen or cotton cloth 细麻纱; 细棉布.

camcorder
[5kAmkC:dE(r); 5kAm7kCrdl] n portable video camera with a built-in video recorder 摄像录像机.

came
pt of come.

camel
[5kAml; 5kAml] n 1 [C] animal with a long neck and one or two humps on its back, used in desert countries for riding and for carrying goods 骆驼. =>illus 见插图. Cf 参看 dromedary. 2 [U] fawn colour 驼色; 浅棕色. 复合： `camel-hair (also `camel's-hair) n [U] 1 soft heavy yellowish cloth made of camel's hair or a mixture of camel's hair and wool 骆驼毛; 驼绒: [attrib 作定语] a camel-hair coat 驼绒外衣. 2 fine soft hair used in artists' brushes 驼毛（用以制画笔）.

camellia
[kE'mi:liE; kE'miliE] n (a) evergreen shrub from China and Japan with shiny leaves and white, red or pink flowers 山茶. (b) flower of this shrub 山茶花.

Camembert
[5kAmEmbeE(r); 5kAmEm7ber] n [U, C] type of soft creamy cheese from N France 卡门培尔奶酪（产於法国北部的软乾酪）.

cameo
[5kAmiEu; 5kAmi7o] n (pl ~s) 1 small piece of hard stone with a raised design, esp one with two coloured layers so that the background is of a different colour from the design 浮雕宝石（刻有浮雕的小硬宝石, 尤指有两层不同颜色者, 一层为背景另一层为浮雕）: * [attrib 作定语] a cameo brooch 浮雕饰针. 2 (a) small but well-acted part in a film or play （电影或戏剧的）小品: * [attrib 作定语] a cameo performance/part/role 小品演出[台词/角色]. (b) short piece of fine descriptive writing 小品文.

camera
[5kAmErE; 5kAmErE] n 1 apparatus for taking photographs, moving pictures or television pictures 照相机; （电影）摄影机; （电视）摄像机: * a video camera, ie one that converts visual images into an electrical signal to produce television pictures 摄像机（可将影像转换成电信号而产生电视画面的）. =>illus 见插图. 2 (idm 习语) in `camera in a judge's private room; not in public; privately 在法官的私室里; 不公开地; 私下: * The trial was held/The case was heard in camera. 那一审讯不公开[那一案件已秘密审讯]. 复合： `cameraman[-mAn; -7mAn] n (pl -men) person whose job is operating a camera for film-making or television （电影或电视）摄影师.

camomile
(also chamomile)[5kAmEmail; 5kAmE7mail] n [U] (a) sweet-smelling plant with daisy-like flowers 春黄菊（一种有香味的植物, 花状如雏菊）. (b) its dried leaves and flowers used in medicine as a tonic 春黄菊（其乾叶及花可作补药）.

camouflage
[5kAmEfla:V; 5kAmE7flaV] n 1 [U] way of hiding or disguising soldiers, military equipment, etc, eg with paint, netting or leaves, so that they look like part of their surroundings （军事上的）伪装, 掩饰: * use the branches of trees as camouflage 用树枝伪装. 2 [C] such a disguise 伪装; 掩饰: * The polar bear's white fur is a natural camouflage, ie because the bear is hard to see in the snow. 北极熊的白色毛皮是天然的保护色. 派生： camouflage v [Tn] hide (sb/sth) by camouflage 用伪装遮掩（某人[某事物]）: The soldiers camouflaged themselves with leaves and branches. 士兵们用树枝树叶把自己伪装起来.

camp
1[kAmp; kAmp] n 1 (a) place where people (eg holiday-makers, Scouts or explorers) live temporarily in tents or huts 营地: * a holiday camp 度假营 * leave/return to camp 离开[回到]营地 * We pitched (our) camp (ie put up our tents) by a lake. 我们在湖边扎营（支起帐篷）. (b) place where prisoners or refugees are kept, often for long periods 关押囚犯或收容难民的地方（常指长期的）: * a prison camp 战俘营 * a concentration camp 集中营 * a transit camp 中转营. 2 place where soldiers are lodged or trained 兵营（士兵住宿或训练的地方）: * an army camp 军营. 3 group of people with the same (esp political or religious) ideas 阵营（尤指政治或宗教观点相同的人所组成的）: * the socialist camp 社会主义阵营 * They belong to different political camps. 他们属於不同的政治阵营. 4 (idm 习语) carry the war into the enemy's camp => carry. have a foot in both camps => foot1. strike camp => strike2. 派生： camp v 1 (a) [I] put up a tent or tents 设营; 扎营; 宿营: Where shall we camp tonight? 我们今晚在哪里宿营? (b) [I, Ip] ~ (out) live in a tent 在帐篷中住宿: They camped (out) in the woods for a week. 他们在树林里搭帐篷住了一个星期. 2 [I] (usu 通常作 go camping ) spend a holiday living in tents 野营度假: The boys went camping in Greece last year. 那些男孩子去年到希腊去露营度假. 3 [I] live temporarily as if in a camp （如宿营般）暂住: I'm camping on the floor in a friend's flat for two weeks. 我在朋友家地板上临时寄宿两个星期. camper n person who camps 宿营者; 露营者. camping n [U] holiday spent living in tents 野营度假: Do you like camping? 你喜欢野营度假吗? * [attrib 作定语] camping equipment 露营装备. 复合： ,camp-`bed (US `campcot) n portable folding bed (not only for use in a camp) 摺叠床, 行军床（不仅用於行军宿营）. `camp-fire n outdoor fire made of logs, etc by campers 营火.

camp1
`camp-follower n 1 non-military person (eg a prostitute) following an army to sell goods or services 随军售货或服务的非军事人员（如营妓）. 2 (often derog 常作贬义) person who attaches himself to a particular group, party, etc although not a member of it; hanger-on 依附於某一团体而并非其成员者; 跟随者. `camp meeting (US) religious meeting held outdoors or in a large tent 野营布道会. `campsite (also `camping-site) n place for camping, usu specially equipped for holiday-makers 露营区.

campaign
[kAm'pein; kAm'pen] n 1 series of military operations with a particular aim, usu in one area 战役: * He fought in the N African campaign during the last war. 在上次战争中他在北非战役参战. 2 series of planned activities with a particular social, commercial or political aim 运动（为某一社会的、 商业的或政治的目的而进行的一系列有计划的活动）: * a campaign against nuclear weapons 反对核武器运动 * an advertising campaign, ie to promote a particular product 广告宣传运动（以推销某产品） * an election campaign 竞选运动 * a campaign to raise money for the needy 为贫苦人筹款的运动. 派生： campaign v [I, Ipr, It] ~ (for/against sb/sth) take part in or lead a campaign 参加或领导一战役或运动: She spent her life campaigning for women's rights. 她毕生致力於女权运动. * campaign to have sanctions imposed 发起实施制裁的运动. campaigner n person who campaigns 参加战役或运动的人: an old campaigner, ie sb with much experience of a particular activity 老练的人.

campanile
[7kAmpE'ni:li; 7kAmpE'nili] n bell-tower, esp one that is not part of another building 钟楼（尤指不依附於其他建 而独立的）.

campanology
[7kAmpE'nClEdVi; 7kAmpE'nalEdVi] n [U] (fml 文) study of bells and the art of bell-ringing 钟学; 鸣钟术. > campanologist[-EdVist; -EdVist] n.

camphor
[5kAmfE(r); 5kAmfl] n [U] strong-smelling white substance used in medicine and mothballs and in making plastics 樟脑. 派生： camphorated[5kmfEreitid; 5kAmfE7retid] adj containing camphor 含樟脑的: * camphorated oil 樟脑油.

campus
[5kAmpEs; 5kAmpEs] n (pl ~es) 1 grounds and buildings of a university or college （大学或学院的）校园: * He lives on (the) campus, ie in a building within the university grounds. 他在学校里住. 2 (US) university or branch of a university 大学或其分校: * [attrib 作定语] campus life 大学生活.

CAMRA
(also Camra)[5kAmrE; 5kAmrE] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Campaign for Real Ale (ie beer brewed in the traditional way) 弘扬传统啤酒运动: * Camra pubs 传统啤酒酒馆.

can
1[kAn; kAn] n =>illus 见插图. 1 [C] (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) metal or plastic container for holding or carrying liquids 装运液体用的金属或塑料的容器: * an `oilcan * a `petrol can/a can of `petrol * a `watering-can. 2 [C] (a) (also esp Brit tin) sealed tin in which food or drink is preserved and sold 罐头: * a `beer can 罐装啤酒 * [attrib 作定语] a can opener 开罐器. (b) contents of or amount contained in a can 罐头里容纳的东西或容纳的量: * a can of peaches 一罐桃 * He drank four cans of beer. 他喝了四罐啤酒. 3 the can [sing] (US sl 俚) (a) prison 监狱; 牢房. (b) lavatory 厕所. 4 (idm 习语) a can of `worms (infml 口) complicated problem 复杂的问题. carry the can => carry. (be) in the `can (of a film, video-tape, etc) recorded and edited; completed and ready for use （指影片、 录像带等）摄制及剪接完毕的, 完成以备用的. 派生： can v (-nn-) [Tn] preserve (food) by putting it in a sealed can 将（食物）装入密封罐中保存: canned `fruit 罐装水果 * a `canning factory 罐头食品制造厂. cannery[5knEri; 5kAnEri] n place where food is canned 罐头食品厂. 复合： ,canned `music (infml usu derog 口, 通常作贬义) music recorded for reproduction 录音音乐: Restaurants often play canned music. 饭馆里常播放录音音乐.

can't
contracted form of cannot (can2) cannot之缩约式.

Canadian
[kE'neidiEn; kE'nediEn] n, adj (native or inhabitant) of Canada 加拿大的（本地人或居民）.

canal
[kE'nAl; kE'nAl] n 1 channel cut through land for boats or ships to travel along, or to carry water for irrigation 运河: * The Suez Canal joins the Mediterranean and the Red Sea. 苏伊士运河连接着地中海和红海. Cf 参看 river 1. 2 tube through which air or food passes in a plant or an animal's body （植物中或动物体内空气或食物通过的）管道: * the alimentary canal 消化道. 派生： canalize, -ise[5knElaiz; 5kAnl7aiz] v [Tn] 1 make a canal through (an area) 开掘运河通过（一区域）. 2 convert (a river) into a canal (by straightening it, building locks, etc) 将（河流）改造成运河（如改直河床, 修建闸门等）. 3 direct (sth) to achieve a particular aim; channel 引导（某事物）以达到某目的: * canalize one's energies into voluntary work 把精力放到义务工作上. canalization, -isation[7knElai'zeiFn; - -nEli'z-;7kAnlE'zeFEn] n [U]. 复合： ca`nal boat long narrow boat used on canals 运河船（用於运河中的长而窄的船）.

canape
[5kAnEpei; - 7kAnE'pei; 5kAnEpe] n small biscuit or piece of bread, pastry, etc spread with cheese, meat, fish, etc and usu served with drinks at a party 加有乳酪、 肉、 鱼等的小饼乾或面包片、 糕饼等（通常用於聚会中佐以饮料）.

canard
[kA'na:d, 'kAna:d; kE'nard] n false report or rumour 虚报; 谎报; 谣传.

canary
[kE'neEri; kE'neri] n small yellow songbird, usu kept in a cage as a pet 加那利雀; 金丝雀. 复合： ca,nary `yellow light yellow colour 浅黄色.

canasta
[kE'nAstE; kE'nAstE] n [U] card-game similar to rummy and played with two packs of cards 卡纳斯塔（一种用两副纸牌玩的纸牌戏）.

cancan
[5kAnkAn; 5kAnkAn] n [sing] lively dance with high kicking, performed by women in long skirts 康康舞（由穿长裙女人跳的活泼的高踢腿舞）: * do/dance the cancan 跳康康舞.

cancel
[5kAnsl; 5kAnsl] v (-ll-; US -l-) 1 [Tn] say that (sth already arranged and decided upon) will not be done or take place; call off 取消; 废除: * cancel a holiday,concert, meeting, eg because of illness 取消假日[音乐会/会议]（如因病） * The match had to be cancelled because of bad weather. 比赛因天气不好只得取消. Cf 参看 postpone. 2 [Tn] order (sth) to be stopped; make (sth) invalid 命令（某事物）停止; 使（某事物）作废: * cancel an agreement, a contract, a subscription, etc 取消协议、 合同、 预订单等 * He cancelled his order, ie said he no longer wanted to receive the goods he had ordered. 他撤销了订货单. 3 [Tn] cross out (sth written) 删除（所写的内容）: * Cancel that last sentence. 把最後一句删掉. 4 [Tn] mark (a postage stamp or ticket) to prevent further use 注销, 盖销（邮票或其他票证以防再用）. 5 [Tn] (mathematics 数) remove (a common factor) from the numerator and denominator of a fraction, or from both sides of an equation, usu by crossing it out 约去, 消去（分数中分子和分母的公因数或方程式两端的相等部分）. 6 (phr v) cancel (sth) out be equal (to sth) in force and effect; counterbalance (sth) 抵销; 对销: * These arguments cancel (each other) out. 不同的争论（彼此）势均力敌. * Her kindness and generosity cancel out her occasional flashes of temper. 她为人厚道、 慷慨大方, 倒也弥补了她偶尔发点儿脾气. 派生： cancellation[7kAnsE'leiFn; 7kAnsl'eFEn] n 1 [U] cancelling or being cancelled 取消; 撤销; 删除; 注销; 抵销: * Her cancellation of her trip to Paris upset our plan. 她取消了巴黎之行打乱了我们的计划. * the cancellation of the match due to fog 比赛因有雾而取消. 2 [C] instance of this; thing that has been cancelled (cancel 1, 2), eg a theatre ticket 取消; 作废的事物（如戏票）: * Are there any cancellations for this evening's performance? 今晚演出的节目有取消的吗?

cancel1
3 [C] mark used to cancel a postage stamp, etc 注销的印记; （加於邮票上的）盖销戳记.

Cancer
[5kAnsE(r); 5kAnsl] n 1 the fourth sign of the zodiac, the Crab 巨蟹宫（黄道第四宫）. 2 [C] person born under the influence of this sign 属巨蟹宫星座的人. =>Usage at zodiac 用法见zodiac. =>illus at zodiac 见zodiac之插图.

candela
[kAn'delE; kAn'delE] n unit for measuring the intensity of light 坎德拉, 新烛光（发光强度单位）. =>App 11 见附录11.

candelabrum
[7kAndi'la:brEm; 7kAndE'labrEm] n (pl -bra[-brE; -brE] ; also sing candelabra, pl -bras[-brEz;-brEz] ) large ornamental branched holder for candles or lights （装饰性的）枝状大烛台或灯台.

candid
[5kAndid; 5kAndid] adj not hiding one's thoughts; frank and honest 率直的; 坦白而诚实的: * a candid opinion, statement, person 直言、 直说、 直性人 * Let me be quite candid with you: * your work is not good enough. 不瞒你说, 你的工作不怎麽好. > candidly adv: * Candidly (ie Speaking frankly), David, I think you're being unreasonable. 大卫, 说实话我认为你不讲道理. candidness n [U].

candidate
[5kAndidEt; - -deit; 5kAndE7det] n 1 person who applies for a job or is nominated for election (esp to Parliament) （求职）申请人; （尤指国会的）候选人: * stand as Labour candidate in a parliamentary election 国会竞选中作为工党候选人 * offer oneself as a candidate for a post 自荐为某职位的候选人. 2 person taking an examination 参加考试的人: * Most candidates passed in grammar. 参加考试的人大多数语法及格. 3 ~ (for sth) person considered to be suitable for a particular position or likely to get sth 被认为适合任某职位或可能得到某事物的人: * The company is being forced to reduce staff and I fear I'm a likely candidate (for redundancy). 公司被迫裁员, 恐怕我是其中之一（冗员）. 派生： candidature[5kAndidEtFE(r); 5kAndEdEtFl] (also esp Brit candidacy[5kndidEsi; 5kAndidEsi] ) n [U] being a candidate(1) 申请人或候选人的资格或身分: * announce one's candidature 宣布自己为候选人.

candied
=> candy.

candle
[5kAndl; 5kAndl] n 1 round stick of wax with a wick through it which is lit to give light as it burns 蜡烛. =>illus 见插图. 2 (idm 习语) burn the candle at both ends => burn2. the game is not worth the candle => game1. not hold a candle to sb/sth (infml 口) be inferior to sb/sth 比不上某人[某事物]: * She writes quite amusing stories but she can't hold a candle to the more serious novelists. 她能写些很有趣的故事, 但是 比不上那些写出内容能发人深省的小说家. 复合： `candle-light n [U] light produced by candles 烛光: read, work, etc by candle-light 在烛光下阅读、 工作等. `candlepower n [U] unit of measurement of light, expressed in candelas 烛光（量度光的单位, 以坎德拉表示）: a ten candlepower lamp 十烛光的灯. `candlestick n holder for one or more candles 蜡台; 烛台.

candlewick
[5kAndlwik; 5kAndl7wik] n [U] soft cotton fabric with a raised tufted pattern 灯芯纱盘花簇绒（有凸起花纹的软棉布）: * [attrib 作定语] a candlewick bedspread 灯芯纱盘花床单.

candour
(US candor)[5kAndE(r); 5kAndl] n [U] candid behaviour, speech or quality; frankness 坦白; 率直.

candy
[5kAndi; 5kAndi] n 1 [U] sugar hardened by repeated boiling 冰糖. 2 (esp US) (a) [U] sweets or chocolate 糖果; 巧克力. (b) [C] a sweet or a chocolate 糖果; 巧克力. 派生： candy v (pt, pp candied) 1 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] preserve (eg fruit) by boiling in sugar （用糖煮过以）保存（如水果）: candied plums 蜜饯李子 * candied peel, eg of lemons or oranges 蜜饯果皮（如柠檬皮或橙皮）. 2 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) form into sugar crystals （使某物）成糖的结晶. 复合： `candy-floss n [U] (US also ,cotton `candy) type of light fluffy sweet made by spinning melted sugar and eaten on a stick 棉花糖.

candytuft
[5kAnditQft; 5kAndi7tQft] n plant with clusters of white, pink or purple flowers 屈曲花.

cane
[kein; ken] n 1 (a) [C] hollow jointed stem of certain plants, eg bamboo or sugar-cane 某些植物的中空而有节的茎（如竹或甘蔗）. (b) [U] such stems used as a material for making furniture, etc 这类植物的茎（用作家具等的材料）: * [attrib 作定语] a cane chair 藤椅. 2 [C] thin woody stem of a raspberry plant 悬钩子植物的细茎. 3 (a) [C] length of cane, or a thin rod, used for supporting plants, as a walking-stick or for beating people as a punishment 竹杖; 藤条; 棍棒. (b) the cane [sing] (in some schools) the punishment in which children are beaten with a cane （某些学校中）对学生用藤条或棍棒责打的惩罚: * get/be given the cane 受[挨]藤条鞭打 * Many teachers wish to abolish the cane. 很多教师希望废除用藤条等的体罚. 派生： cane v [Tn] 1 punish (sb) by beating with a cane 用藤条或竹棍等责打（某人）: The headmaster caned the boys for disobedience. 校长用藤条责打不听话的男学生. 2 (infml 口 esp Brit) defeat (sb) totally 完全打败（某人）: We really caned them in the last match. 我们最後一场比赛可真把他们打得落花流水. 3 weave cane into (a chair, etc) 用竹或藤等编制成（椅子等）. caning n [U, C]: give sb a good caning 用藤条给某人一顿好打. 复合： `cane-sugar n [U] sugar obtained from the juice of sugar-cane 蔗糖.

canine
[5keinain; 5kenain] adj of, like or relating to dogs （似）犬的; 与犬有关的. 派生： canine n 1 (fml 文) dog 犬. 2 (also canine tooth) (in a human being) any of the four pointed teeth next to the incisors （人的）犬齿. =>illus at tooth 见tooth之插图.

canister
[5kAnistE(r); 5kAnistl] n 1 small (usu metal) container for holding tea, coffee, etc （通常为金属的）小罐（装茶叶、 咖啡等）. 2 cylinder, filled with shot or tear-gas, that bursts and releases its contents when fired from a gun or thrown 霰弹筒（内装弹丸或催泪气体, 以枪炮发射或投掷後爆炸）.

canker
[5kANkE(r); 5kANkl] n 1 [U] disease that destroys the wood of plants and trees （植物的）溃疡病. 2 [U] disease causing ulcerous sores on the ears of animals, esp dogs and cats （动物耳部的）溃疡（尤指猫狗）. 3 [C] (fig 比喻) evil or dangerous influence that spreads and corrupts people （蔓延并腐蚀人们的）祸害， 祸患， 祸根: * Drug addiction is a dangerous canker in society. 吸毒成瘾是腐蚀社会的一大祸害. Cf 参看 cancer 2. 派生： canker v [Tn] infect or corrupt (sb) with canker 使（某人）患溃疡; 腐蚀（某人）. cankerous[5kANkErEs; 5kANkErEs] adj of, like or causing canker 溃疡的; 似溃疡的; 引起溃疡的.

cannabis
[5kAnEbis; 5kAnEbis] n [U] 1 hemp plant 大麻. 2 any of various drugs made from the dried leaves and flowers of the hemp plant that are smoked or chewed for their intoxicating effect 大麻: * arrested for possessing cannabis 因藏有大麻而被捕. Cf 参看 hashish, marijuana.

cannelloni
[7kAnE'lEuni; 7kAnE'loni] n [U] rolls of pasta filled with meat and seasoning （肉馅的）面卷.

cannery
=> can1.

cannibal
[5kAnibl; 5kAnEbl] n (a) person who eats human flesh 吃人肉的人: * [attrib 作定语] a cannibal tribe 食人的部落. (b) animal that eats its own kind 同类相食的动物. 派生： cannibalism[5kAnibElizEm; 5kAnEbl7izEm] n[U] practice of eating one's own kind 同类相食. cannibalistic[7knibE'listik; 7kAnEbl'istik] adj of or like cannibals （似）食人者的, 同类相食者的. cannibalize, -ise[5kAnibElaiz; 5kAnEbl7aiz] v [Tn] use (a machine, vehicle, etc) to provide spare parts for others 用（机器、 车辆等）为其他同类（机器、 车辆等）提供备用零件: * cannibalize an old radio to repair one's record-player 把旧收音机的零件拆下去修配电唱机. cannibalization, -isation[7knibElai'zeiFn; --li'z-; 7kAnEbElE'zeFEn] n [U].

cannon
[5kAnEn; 5kAnEn] n [C] 1 (pl unchanged 复数不变) old type of large heavy gun firing solid metal balls （发射实心金属炮弹的旧式）大炮. 2 (pl unchanged 复数不变) automatic gun firing shells (shell 3a) from an aircraft, a tank, etc （飞行器、 坦克等的）机关炮: * two 20-millimetre cannon 两个20毫米口径的机关炮. 3 (in billiards) shot in which the player's ball hits two other balls one after the other （台球戏中）主球连撞二球. 派生： cannon v (phr v) cannon against/into sb/sth collide heavily with sb/sth 与某人[某事物]猛撞. 复合： `cannon-ball n large metal ball fired from a cannon （旧式大炮发射的巨大的金属）炮弹. `cannon-fodder n [U] soldiers regarded only as material that is expendable in war 炮灰.

cannonade
[7kAnE'neid; 7kAnEn'ed] n continuous firing of heavy guns 连续炮轰.

cannot
[5kAnCt; 5kAnat] = can not (can2).

canny
[5kAni; 5kAni] adj (-ier, -iest) shrewd and careful, esp in business matters 精明仔细的（尤指在生意上）. > cannily adv. canniness n [U].

canoe
[kE'nu:; kE'nu] n 1 light narrow boat moved by one or more paddles 狭窄的轻舟; 独木舟. =>illus 见插图. 2 (idm 习语) paddle one's own canoe => paddle1. 派生： canoe v (pt, pp canoed, pres p canoeing) [I] (usu 通常作 go canoeing) travel in a canoe 乘独木舟; 划独木舟. canoeist/kE'nu:ist; kE'nuist] n person who paddles a canoe 划独木舟者. =>illus 见插图.

canon
1[5kAnEn; 5kAnEn] n 1 general rule, standard or principle by which sth is judged 总的规则、 标准或原则: * This film offends against all the canons of good taste. 这部影片违反了审美的一切准则. 2 (a) list of sacred books accepted as genuine 真经; 正经: * the canon of Holy Scripture 《圣经》的真经. (b) set of writings, etc accepted as genuinely by a particular author （某作家的）真作: * the Shakespeare canon 莎士比亚真本. 派生： canonical/kE'nCnikl; kE'nanikl] adj 1 according to canon law 依照教规的. 2 included in the canon(2a) 被收入真经的. 3 standard; accepted 标准的; 认可的. canonicals n [pl] clothes worn by a priest during a church service （教士在布道时所穿的）法衣. 复合： ,canon `law church law 教会法规.

canonize, canonise
[5kAnEnaiz; 5kAnEn7aiz] v [Tn] officially declare (sb) to be a saint(1a) 正式宣布（某人）为圣徒. 派生： canonization, -isation[7kAnEnai'zeiFn; - -ni'z-; 7kAnEnE'zeFEn] n [C, U] (instance of) canonizing or being canonized 正式宣布为圣徒.

canopy
[5kAnEpi; 5kAnEpi] n 1 hanging cover forming a shelter above a throne, bed, etc （宝座或床等上面的）华盖, 罩篷. 2 cover for the cockpit of an aircraft （飞行器上的）座舱罩. 3 (fig 比喻) any overhanging covering 任何悬於上空的覆盖物: * the grey canopy of the sky 灰灰的天幕 * a canopy of leaves, eg in a forest 树冠层（如森林中的）.

cant
1[kAnt; kAnt] n [U] 1 insincere talk, esp about religion or morality; hypocrisy 虚伪的话（尤指关於宗教或道德的话）; 伪善. 2 specialized language of a particular group; jargon 某一团体的专用语; 行话; 术语: * thieves' cant 盗贼的黑话 * [attrib 作定语] a cant expression 术语.

Cantab
[5AkntAb; 5kAntAb] abbr 缩写 = (esp in degree titles) of Cambridge (University) (Latin Cantabrigiensis)（尤用於学衔）剑桥（大学）的（源自拉丁文Cantabrigiensis）:James Cox MA (Cantab) 詹姆斯．考克斯文学硕士（剑桥大学）. Cf 参看 Oxon 2.

cantaloup
(also cantaloupe)[5kAntElu:p; 5kAn-tl7op] n [C, U] type of melon 皱皮瓜: * a slice of cantaloup 一片皱皮瓜.

cantankerous
[kAn'tANkErEs; kAn'tANkErEs] adj bad-tempered; quarrelsome 脾气坏的; 好争吵的. > cantankerously adv.

cantata
[kAn'ta:tE; kAn'tatE] n short musical work, often on a religious subject, sung by soloists and usu a choir, accompanied by an orchestra 康塔塔（短小音乐作品, 常为宗教内容的, 由独唱演员演唱, 通常有合唱伴唱, 由管弦乐队伴奏）: * Bach's cantatas 巴赫的康塔塔. Cf 参看 oratorio.

canteen
[kAn'ti:n; kAn'tin] n 1 place serving food and drink in a factory, an office, a school, etc （工厂、 办事处、 学校等的）食堂. 2 (Brit) case or box containing a set of knives, forks and spoons （一套刀、 叉、 勺的）餐具箱. 3 soldier's or camper's water-flask （士兵或露营者的）水壶.

canter
[5kAntE(r); 5kAntl] n (usu sing 通常作单数) 1 (of a horse) movement that is faster than a trot but slower than a gallop （指马）慢跑, 小跑. 2 ride on a horse moving at this speed 骑马慢跑: * go for a canter 去骑马慢跑. 3 (idm 习语) at a canter without effort; easily 不费力地; 容易地: * win a race at a canter 在径赛中轻易获胜. 派生： canter v [I, Tn] (cause a horse to) move at a canter （使马）慢跑: We cantered our horses for several miles. 我们骑着马慢跑了几英里.

canticle
[5kAntikl; 5kAntikl] n hymn or chant with words taken from the Bible 赞美歌（歌词取自《圣经》的短颂歌）.

cantilever
[5kAntili:vE(r); 5kAntl7ivl] n beam or bracket projecting from a wall to support eg a balcony （自墙壁伸出以支撑阳台等的）悬臂或支架. 复合： `cantilever bridge bridge made of two cantilevers projecting from piers and joined by girders 悬臂桥（由桥墩伸出两根悬臂, 中间以横梁连接而成）.

canto
[5kAntEu; 5kAnto] n (pl ~s) any of the main divisions of a long poem 长诗中的篇章.

canton
[5kAntCn; 5kAntan] n subdivision of a country, esp of Switzerland 州（尤指瑞士的）.

Cantonese
[7kAntE'ni:z; 7kAntEn'iz] n [U] form of Chinese spoken in southern China and in Hong Kong 粤语; 广州话.

cantonment
[kAn'tu:nmEnt; - -'tEun-; kAn'ton-mEnt] n 1 place where soldiers live 士兵的驻地; 军营. 2 permanent military camp, esp in India 永久性兵站（尤指印度的）.

cantor
[5kAntC:(r); 5kAntCr] n leader of the singing in a church or synagogue （教堂或犹太教会堂唱诗班的）领唱者.

canvas
[5kAnvEs; 5kAnvEs] n 1 [U] strong coarse cloth used for making tents, sails, etc and by artists for painting on 帆布; 画布: * [attrib 作定语] a canvas bag 帆布袋. 2 [C] (a) piece of canvas for painting on 画布. (b) oil-painting 油画: * Turner's canvases 特纳的油画. 3 (idm 习语) under canvas (a) (of soldiers, campers, etc) living in tents （指士兵、 露营者等）在帐篷里居住: * sleep under canvas 在帐篷里睡觉. (b) (of a ship) with sails spread （指船）张帆.

canvass
[5kAnvEs; 5kAnvEs] v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sb) (for sth) go around an area asking (people) for (political support) （在政治方面）游说: * go out canvassing (for votes) （为拉选票）出去游说 * The Labour candidate will canvass the constituency next month. 工党候选人下月将向全体选民游说拉票. 2 [Tn] find out the opinions of (eg voters before an election) 调查（如选举前选民）的意见. 3 [Tn] suggest (an idea, etc) for discussion 为讨论而提出（意见等）: * canvass the idea/notion/theory 为讨论而提出意见[想法/主张]. 派生： canvass n act of canvassing 游说; 民意调查; 建议. canvasser n person who canvasses 游说者; 民意调查者; 建议者.

canyon
[5kAnjEn; 5kAnjEn] n deep gorge, usu with a river flowing through it 峡谷（通常有河流经过其中）: * the Grand Canyon, Arizona （美国）亚利桑那州科罗拉多大峡谷.

cap
[kAp; kAp] n 1 soft head-covering without a brim but often with a peak, worn by men and boys （男用无帽檐但常有帽舌的）软帽, 便帽: * an old man in a flat cap 戴着扁软帽的老人 * British schoolboys sometimes wear caps, ie as part of their school uniform. 英国男生有时候戴制服帽（校服的一部分）. =>illus at hat 见hat之插图. 2 (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) any close-fitting soft head-covering worn for various purposes 软帽: * a `bathing-cap * a `baseball cap * a `nurse's cap * a `shower-cap. 3 (sport 体 esp Brit) (a) cap given to sb who is chosen to play for a school, county, country, etc, esp at cricket, football or Rugby 选手帽（授予选拔出的校队、 县队、 国家队等运动员的帽子, 尤指在板球、 足球或橄榄球项目中）: * He's won three caps (ie been chosen to play three times) for England. 他叁次获授英格兰队选手帽（叁次被选出参加比赛）. (b) player chosen for such a team 被选出代表这种球队的选手. 4 academic head-dress with a flat top and a tassel （学位）方帽: * wear cap and gown on graduation day 毕业典礼那天戴方帽、 穿长袍. Cf 参看 mortar-board (mortar2). 5 protective cover or top (for a pen, bottle, camera lens, etc) （钢笔、 瓶子、 照相机镜头等的）帽, 盖. 6 natural covering shaped like a cap 帽状的天然顶盖: * the polar `ice-cap 地极冰冠. 7 (also Dutch `cap) = diaphragm 4. 8 (a) = percussion cap (percussion). (b) small amount of explosive contained in a paper strip, for making a small explosion in a toy gun 砸炮（封於纸条中的少量火药, 用於玩具枪中产生轻微爆炸声）. 9 (idm 习语) cap in `hand humbly; in a servile manner 谦卑地; 谦恭地: * go cap in hand to sb, asking for money 卑躬屈膝地去找某人要钱. a feather in one's cap => feather1. if the cap fits (,wear it) if sb feels that a remark applies to him (he should act accordingly) 若某人觉得某话适用於他（, 他就知道应怎样做）:

cap1
* I have noticed some employees coming to work an hour late. I shall name no names, but if the cap fits.... 我已经注意到有些雇员上班迟到一个小时. 我不点出名字来, 但是要是你觉得我说的是你.... set one's cap at sb (dated 旧) (of a girl or woman) try to attract a man as a husband or lover （指女子）诱使某人娶她或做她的情人. 派生： cap v (-pp-) [Tn] 1 (a) put a cap(5) on (sth); cover the top or end of 加帽或盖儿於（某物）上; 覆盖: mountains capped with snow/mist 被雪覆盖着的[被雾笼罩着的]山峰. (b) = crown2 4. 2 follow (sth) with sth better, bigger, funnier, etc （以更好、 更大、 更有趣...的事物）继（某事物）之後: cap a joke, story, etc 说个更好的笑话、 故事等. 3 (sport 体 esp Brit) award a cap to (a player); select (a player) for a national team 授予（运动员）选手帽; 选拔（运动员）入国家队: He was capped 36 times for England. 他已经36次获选入英格兰队. 4 (in Scottish universities) award a degree to (sb) （苏格兰大学）将学位授予（某人）. 5 (idm 习语) to cap it all as a final piece of bad or good fortune 倒运或走运的最後一件事: Last week he crashed his car, then he lost his job and now to cap it all his wife has left him! 上星期他把汽车撞坏了, 接着又失去了工作, 更倒霉的是妻子也离他而去了!

capability
[7keipE'bilEti; 7kepE'bilEti] n 1 [U] ~ (to do sth/of doing sth); ~ (for sth) quality of being able to do sth; ability 能做某事的素质; 能力: * You have the capability to do/of doing this job well. 你有能力把这件工作做好. * nuclear capability, ie power or capacity to fight a nuclear war 核能（进行核战争的力量或能力）. 2 capabilities [pl] undeveloped gift or quality 尚未发挥的天资或素质: * He has great capabilities as a writer. 他极具作家潜质.

capable
[5keipEbl; 5kepEbl] adj 1 having (esp practical) ability; able; competent 有（尤指实际的）能力的; 有能力的; 能胜任的: * a very capable woman 很能干的女子. 2 [pred 作表语] ~ of (doing) sth (a) having the ability or power necessary for sth 有做某事所必要的能力或力量: * You are capable of better work than this. 你能做得更好. * Show me what you are capable of, ie how well you can work. 让我看看你有什麽本事. * He is capable of running a mile in four minutes. 他能用四分钟跑一英里. (b) have the character or inclination to do sth 有做某事的特长或倾向: * He's quite capable of lying (ie It wouldn't be surprising if he lied) to get out of trouble. 他很会蒙混过关（他若撒谎亦不足为奇）. 3 [pred 作表语] ~ of sth (fml 文) (of situations, remarks, etc) open to or allowing sth （指情况、 言语等）可以, 容许: * Our position is capable of improvement. 我们的地位可以改善. 派生： capably adv in a capable(1) way 有能力地: handle a situation, manage a business capably 有能力应付一情况、 处理一事务.

capacious
[kE'peiFEs; kE'peFEs] adj (of things) that can hold much; roomy 容量大的; 宽敞的: * capacious pockets 容量大的口袋 * a capacious memory 能记住很多事情的记忆力. > capaciousness n [U].

capacity
[kE'pAsEti; kE'pAsEti] n 1 [U] ability to hold or contain sth 容纳某事物的能力: * a hall with a seating capacity of 2000 有2000个座位的大厅 * filled to capacity, ie completely full 全满 * [attrib 作定语] a capacity crowd, ie one that fills a sports ground, etc 挤满的人群（挤满了运动场等地的）. 2 [sing] power to produce sth 生产力: * factories working at full capacity 全力生产的工厂. 3 [sing] ~ (for sth) ability to produce, experience, understand or learn sth 生产、 体会、 理解或学习的能力: * She has an enormous capacity for hard work. 她有苦干的巨大能力. * Some people have a greater capacity for happiness than others. 有的人享得起福, 有的人享不起福. * This book is within the capacity of (ie can be understood by) younger readers. 这本书年轻的读者也能看懂. 4 (idm 习语) in one's capacity as sth in a certain function or position 以某种身分或立场: * act in one's capacity as a po`lice officer/in one's po`lice capacity 以警察的身分行事.

caparison
[kE'pArisn; kE'pArEsn] n (usu pl 通常作复数) (formerly) decorated covering for a horse, or for a horse and knight （旧时）装饰性的马衣或马与武士的盛装. 派生： caparison v [Tn] put caparisons on (a horse) 给（马）穿马衣.

cape
1[keip; kep] n loose sleeveless garment like a cloak but usu shorter 披肩; 短斗篷.

caper
1[5keipE(r); 5kepl] v [I, Ip] ~ (about) jump or run about playfully 蹦蹦跳跳; 跑来跑去: * lambs capering (about) in the fields 在田野上蹦蹦跳跳的小羊羔. 派生： caper n 1 jump; leap 跳; 跳跃. 2 (infml 口) (a) mischievous act; prank 恶作剧; 戏弄. (b) dishonest or criminal scheme 不诚实的或罪恶的勾当: What's your little caper? 你搞什麽名堂? 3 (idm 习语) cut a `caper jump about happily; act foolishly 雀跃; 愚蠢地行事.

capercaillie
(also capercailzie)[7kApE'keili;7kApl'keli] n type of large grouse 松鸡.

capillary
[kE'pilEri; - 'kApileri; 5kApl7eri] n any of the very narrow blood vessels connecting arteries and veins in the body 毛细管; 毛细血管. 复合： ca,pillary a`ttraction force by which a liquid is drawn along a very narrow tube 毛细（管）吸引; 毛细吸力.

capital
1[5kApitl; 5kApEtl] n 1 town or city that is the centre of government of a country, state or province 首都; 首府; 省会: * Cairo is the capital of Egypt. 开罗是埃及的首都. * [attrib 作定语] London, Paris and Rome are capital cities. 伦敦、 巴黎、 罗马都是国都. 2 (also capital letter) letter of the form and size used to begin a name or a sentence 大写字母: * In this sentence, the word BIG is in capitals. 本句中BIG一字用的是大写字母. * Write your name in block capitals, please. 姓名请用大写. 3 head or top part of a column 柱头; 柱顶. =>illus at column 见column之插图. 派生： capital adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] 1 involving punishment by death 死刑的: a capital offence 死罪 * capital punishment, ie the death penalty 死刑. 2 (of letters) having the form and size used to begin a name or a sentence （指字母）大写的: London is spelt with a capital `L'. London一字中L是大写的. 3 very serious 极严重的: a capital error 大错. 4 (dated 旧 Brit) excellent 极好的: What a capital idea! 真是一个好主意!

capitalism
[5kApitElizEm; 5kApEtl7izEm] n [U] economicsystem in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the State 资本主义. 派生： capitalist n 1 person who owns or controls much capital2(1); rich person 资本家; 富人. 2 person who supports capitalism 资本主义者. adj based on or supporting capitalism 资本主义的: a capitalist economy 资本主义经济. capitalistic[7kpitE'listik; 7kApitl'istik] adj. Cf 参看 socialism.

capitalize
[5kApitElaiz; 5kApEtl7aiz] v [Tn] 1 write or print (sth) with capital1(2) letters 用大写字母书写或印刷. 2 convert (sth) into, use as or provide with capital2(1) 将（某事物）转作资本、 用作资本或资本化. 3 (phr v) capitalize on sth use sth to one's own advantage; profit from sth 利用某事物; 从某事物中获利: * capitalize on the mistakes made by a rival firm 从对方公司的错误中获益. > capitalization, -isation/ 9kpItElaI5zeIFn; US -lI5zeIFn; 9kApEtlE`zeFEn/ n [U].

capitation
[7kApi'teiFn; 7kApE'teFEn] n tax, fee or grant of an equal amount for each person 人头税; 按人收费; 按人计算的补助费: * [attrib 作定语] a capi`tation allowance 按人计算的津贴.

Capitol
[5kApitl; 5kApEtl] n the Capitol [sing] building in Washington in which the United States Congress meets 美国国会大厦.

capitulate
[kE'pitFuleit; kE'pitFE7let] v [I, Ipr] ~ (to sb) surrender (to sb), esp on agreed conditions （向某人）投降（尤指根据商定的条件）. 派生： capitulation/kE7pitFu'leiFn; kE7pitFE'leFEn] n [C, U] (act of) capitulating （尤指根据商定条件的）投降.

capon
[5keipCn, 'keipEn; 5kepan] n domestic cock1(1) castrated and fattened for eating （养肥以供食用的）阉鸡.

cappuccino
[kApu'tFi:nEu; 7kApE'tFino] n (pl ~s) (Italian 意) espresso coffee with hot milk added 卡普契诺咖啡（蒸汽加压所煮的咖啡, 并加热奶）.

caprice
[kE'pri:s; kE'pris] n 1 (a) [C] sudden change in attitude or behaviour with no obvious cause; whim 态度或行为无明显缘故的突然改变; 突如其来的念头. (b) [U] tendency to such changes 有上述突然改变的倾向. 2 [C] short lively piece of music in an irregular style 短小的随想曲.

capricious
[kE'priFEs; kE'priFEs] adj characterized by sudden changes in attitude or behaviour; unpredictable; impulsive （态度或行为）反覆无常的, 变幻莫测的, 任性的: * Romantic heroines are often capricious. 浪漫的女主人公往往难以捉摸. * (fig 比喻) a capricious climate, ieone that is always changing 多变的气候. > capriciouslyadv. capriciousness n [U].

Capricorn
[5kAprikC:n; 5kApri7kCrn] n 1 the tenth sign of the zodiac, the Goat 摩羯宫（黄道第十宫）; 山羊座. 2 [C] person born under the influence of this sign 属摩羯宫星座的人. =>Usage at zodiac 用法见zodiac. =>illus at zodiac 见zodiac之插图.

capsicum
[5kApsikEm; 5kApsikEm] n (a) tropical plant with seed-pods containing hot-tasting seeds 番椒, 辣椒（植物）. (b) one of these pods used as a vegetable 番椒, 辣椒（蔬菜）. Cf 参看 pepper 2.

capsize
[kAp'saiz; - 'kApsaiz; 5kAp7saiz] v [I, Tn] (cause a boat to) overturn or be overturned （使船）翻, 倾覆: * The boat capsized in heavy seas. 船在大海中倾覆了.

capstan
[5kApstEn; 5kApstEn] n thick revolving post or cylinder round which a rope or cable is wound, eg to raise a ship's anchor 绞盘; 起锚机.

capsule
[5kApsju:l; - 'kApsl; 5kApsl] n 1 seed-case of a plant that opens when the seeds are ripe 蒴; 荚. 2 small soluble case containing a dose of medicine and swallowed with it （装一剂药物的）胶囊. 3 detachable compartment for men or instruments in a spacecraft 航天舱; 太空舱.

Capt
abbr 缩写 = Captain: Capt (Terence) Jones （特伦斯．）琼斯上尉.

captain
[5kAptin; 5kAptin] n 1 person in charge of a ship or civil aircraft 船长; 舰长; （民航机的）机长. 2 (a) officer in the British Army between the ranks of lieutenant and major （英）陆军上尉. =>App 9 见附录9. (b) officer in the British Navy between the ranks of commander and admiral （英）海军上校. =>App 9 见附录9. 3 person given authority over a group or team; leader 队长; 组长: * He was (the) captain of the football team for five years. 他当了五年的足球队长. 4 (idm 习语) a captain of `industry person who manages a large industrial company 工业巨头. 派生： captain v [Tn] be captain of (a football team, etc) 担任（足球队等的）队长: Who is captaining the side today? 今天这队的队长是谁? captaincy[5kAptinsi; 5kAptEnsi] n (a) [C, U] position of captain 船长、 舰长、 陆军上尉、 海军上校或队长等的职位: * take over the captaincy 接任船长一职 * Captaincy suits him. 他适合当舰长. (b) [C] period of being captain 船长、 舰长、 陆军上尉、 海军上校或队长等的任期: * during her captaincy 在她担任舰长期间. (c) [U] quality of a captain's actions 船长、 舰长、 陆军上尉、 海军上校或队长等的能力: * showing fine captaincy 表现出任职船长的才干.

caption
[5kApFn; 5kApFEn] n 1 short title or heading of an article in a magazine, etc （杂志等文章中的）标题, 题目. 2 words printed with an illustration or a photograph in order to describe or explain it （附於插图、 照片上的）说明文字. 3 words shown on a cinema or television screen, eg to establish the scene of a story (eg `New York 1981') （电影片或电视上的）字幕（如‘纽约1981年’）.

captious
[5kApFEs; 5kApFEs] adj (fml 文) fond of criticizingor raising objections about unimportant matters; quibbling 好吹毛求疵的; 好挑剔的. > captiously adv. captiousness n [U].

captivate
[5kAptiveit; 5kAptE7vet] v [Tn] fascinate (sb); charm; enchant 迷住（某人）; 迷惑: * He was captivated by her beauty. 他被她的美色迷住了. 派生： captivating adj fascinating; charming 有迷惑力的; 使人神魂颠倒的: a captivating woman 迷人的女子 * He found her captivating. 他觉得她很迷人. captivation[7kApti'veiFn; 7kAptE'veFEn] n [U].

captive
[5kAptiv; 5kAptiv] adj 1 [esp attrib 尤作定语] held as a prisoner; unable to escape 被俘虏的; 逃不掉的: * a captive bird 被捕获的鸟. 2 (idm 习语) hold/take sb `captive/`prisoner keep or take sb as a prisoner 囚禁或俘虏某人: * They were held captive by masked gunmen. 他们被蒙面的持枪歹徒劫持了. 派生： captive n captive person or animal 被捉住的人或动物: Three of the captives tried to escape. 捉住的有叁个企图逃走. captivity/kAp'tivEti; kAp'tivEti] n [U] state of being captive 被俘; 被捕; 囚禁: * He was held in captivity for three years. 他被囚禁叁年. * Wild animals don't breed well in captivity. 圈着的动物繁殖不好. 复合： captive `audience audience with little or no freedom to go away and therefore easily persuaded to listen or watch 被动听众, 被动观众（无法轻易离开者, 故易受诱导）: Television advertisers can exploit a captive audience. 电视广告商能利用被动观众. captive bal`loon balloon held to the ground by a cable 系留气球（用绳索系在地面上的）.

captor
[5kAptE(r); 5kAptl] n person who captures a person or an animal 捕捉者; 捕获者: * The hostages were well treated by their captors. 那些人质受到劫持者的善待.

capture
[5kAptFE(r); 5kAptFl] v [Tn] 1 take (sb/sth) as a prisoner 俘获（某人[某物]）: * capture an escaped convict 捉拿逃犯 * (fig 比喻) This advertisement will capture the attention of TV audiences. 这广告将引起电视观众的注意. 2 take or win (sth) by force or skill 用武力或技巧夺取或赢得（某物）: * capture a town 占领城镇 * capture one's opponent's queen, ie in a game of chess 捉住对方的后（国际象棋中）. 3 succeed in representing (sb/sth) in a picture, on film, etc 捕捉（画面或影片中的某人[某物]）: * capture a baby's smile in a photograph 拍摄到婴儿的微笑. 派生： capture n 1 [U] capturing or being captured 捕捉或被捕捉: the capture of a thief 捕捉窃贼 * He evaded capture for three days. 他逃避追捕已叁日. 2 [C] person or thing captured 被捕获的人或物; 俘虏; 战利品.

car
[ka:(r); kar] n 1 (also `motor car, esp US automobile) motor vehicle with (usu four) wheels for carrying passengers 汽车: * buy a new car 买新汽车 * What kind of car do you have? 你的汽车是什麽样的? * We're going (to London) by car. 我们开车去（伦敦）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xii. =>illus 见插图. 2 (in compound ns 用以构成复合名词) (a) railway carriage of a specified type （某类型的）火车车厢: * a dining-/sleeping-car. (b) = carriage 2. (c) (US) any railway carriage or van 火车车厢: * a freight car. 3 passenger compartment of an airship, a balloon, a cable railway or a lift （飞艇、 气球、 缆车或电梯的）载人舱室. 复合： `car-boot sale (esp Brit) (US garage sale) outdoorsale at which people sell unwanted possessions, etc from the boots of their cars 汽车行李箱货物出售（将不想要的东西置於自己的汽车行李箱中出售）. `carfare n (US) money that one must pay to travel on a bus or streetcar （公共汽车或电车的）车费. `car-ferry n sea or air ferry for carrying cars (eg across the English Channel) 载运汽车过海的渡轮或运输机（如渡英吉利海峡的）; 汽车渡轮; 汽车运输机. `car-park (US parking-lot) n (usu outdoor) area for parking cars （通常为露天的）汽车停车场: a multi-storey car-park 多层停车场. `car-port n shelter for a car, consisting of a roof supported by posts （有棚架的）汽车间. `carsick adj [usu pred 通常作表语] affected with nausea caused by the movement of a car 晕车: He's feeling carsick. 他觉得晕车. `carsickness n [U].

carafe
[kE'rAf; kE'rAf] n 1 glass container in which wine or water are served at meals （餐桌上盛酒或水的）玻璃瓶. =>illus at bottle 见bottle之插图. 2 amount contained in this 一瓶的量: * I can't drink more than half a carafe. 我顶多能喝半瓶.

caramel
[5kArEmel; 5kArEml] n 1 [U] burnt sugar used for colouring and flavouring food （食物着色或调味用的）焦糖. 2 [U, C] type of toffee tasting like this （含焦糖味的）太妃糖: * a piece of caramel 一块焦糖味太妃糖. 3 [U] colour of caramel; light brown 焦糖色; 淡褐色. 派生： caramelize, -ise[5kArEmElaiz; 5kArEmE7laiz] v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) turn into caramel （使某物）变成焦糖.

carapace
[5kArEpeis; 5kArE7pes] n shell on the back of a tortoise or crustacean （龟或其他甲壳类动物的）甲壳.

carat
[5kArEt; 5kArEt] n (abbr 缩写 ct) 1 unit of weight (200 milligrams) for precious stones 克拉（宝石重量单位, 等於200毫克）. 2 (US karat) unit of measurement of the purity of gold (pure gold being 24 carats) 开（黄金纯度单位, 纯金为24开）: * a 20-carat gold ring20开的金戒指 * a ring of 20 carats 20开的戒指.

caravan
[5kArEvAn; 5kArE7vAn] n 1 (Brit) (US trailer) large vehicle on wheels, equipped for living in and usu towed by a motor vehicle （可供居住的）拖车（通常由机动车拖行）. 2 covered cart or wagon used for living in, and able to be pulled by a horse （供居住可用马拉的）篷车: * a gypsy caravan 吉卜赛人的篷车. 3 group of people (eg merchants) travelling together across the desert （穿过沙漠地带的）旅行队（如商队）. 派生： caravan v (-nn-) [I] (usu 通常作 go caravan-ning) have a holiday in a caravan 乘拖车度假: We're going caravanning in Spain this summer. 我们今年夏天要乘拖车到西班牙度假.

caravanserai
[7kArE'vAnsEri, -sErai; 7kArE'vAnsEri,-sE7rai] n (in some Eastern countries) inn with a large central courtyard where caravans (caravan 3) can stay for the night （在东方某些国家中, 有大庭院可供沙漠旅行队过夜的）客店, 客栈.

caraway
[5kArEwei; 5kArE7we] n (a) [C] plant with spicy seeds that are used for flavouring bread, cakes, etc 葛缕子（植物, 籽味香, 用以为面包、 糕饼等增味, 又名页蒿）. (b) [U] (also `caraway seed) these seeds used in cooking 葛缕子的籽（用於烹饪, 俗称页蒿籽）.

carbide
[5ka:baid; 5karbaid] n compound of carbon, esp calcium carbide 碳化物; （尤指）碳化钙.

carbine
[5ka:bain; 5karbain] n short light automatic rifle 卡宾枪.

carbohydrate
[7ka:bEu'haidreit; 7karbo'haidret] n 1 [C, U] any of various types of organic compound, such as sugar and starch, containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen 碳水化合物; 糖类. 2 carbohydrates [pl] foods containing carbohydrate, considered to be fattening 淀粉质或糖类食物（可使身体发胖）: * You eat too many carbohydrates! 你吃淀粉质食物太多了!

carbolic acid
[ka:7bClik 'Asid; kar'balik 'Asid] (also phenol) strong-smelling and powerful liquid used as an antiseptic and disinfectant 石碳酸, 酚（味烈、 药性强的防腐剂和消毒剂）.

carbon
[5ka:bEn; 5karbEn] n 1 [U] non-metallic chemical element that is present in all living matter and occurs in its pure form as diamond and graphite 碳. =>App 10 见附录10. 2 [C] stick of carbon used in an electric arc lamp 炭精棒（用於电弧光灯）. 3 [C] = carbon paper. 4 [C] = carbon copy. 派生： carbonize, -ise v [Tn] convert (sth) into carbon by burning 将（某物）烧成碳; 碳化. carbonization, -isation[7ka:bEnai'zeiFn; - -ni'z-; 7karbEni'zeFEn] n [U]. 复合： `carbon black black powder made by partly burning oil, wood, etc, and used as a colouring or in the manufacture of rubber 碳黑（未完全燃烧的油、 木材等的黑色粉末, 用於调色或橡胶生产）. ,carbon `copy 1 copy made with carbon paper 复写本; 副本: make a carbon copy of a document 用复写纸复写一文件. 2 (fig 比喻) exact copy or likeness 一模一样; 极相像: She's a carbon copy of her sister. 她跟她姐姐一模一样. ,carbon `dating method of calculating the age of prehistoric objects by measuring the decay of radio-carbonin them 碳含量年代测定法. ,carbon di`oxide colourless odourless gas formed by the burning of carbon, or breathed out by animals from the lungs 二氧化碳. ,carbon mon`oxide poisonous gas formed when carbon burns incompletely, present eg in the exhaust fumes of petrol engines 一氧化碳. `carbon paper (sheet of) thin paper coated with carbon or some other coloured substance and used between sheets of writing-paper for making copies 复写纸.

carbonated
[5ka:bEneitid; 5karbE7netid] adj containing carbon dioxide; fizzy 含二氧化碳的; 发嘶嘶声的; 起泡的: * carbonated drinks 含二氧化碳的饮料.

carbonic acid
[ka:7bCnik 'Asid; kar'banik 'Asid] weak acid made by dissolving carbon dioxide in water 碳酸.

carboniferous
[7ka:bE'nifErEs; 7karbE'nifErEs] adj (geology 地质) 1 producing coal 产煤的: * carboniferous rocks 产煤的岩层. 2 Carboniferous of the geological period when coal deposits were formed 石炭纪的. 派生： carboniferous n the Carboniferous period 石炭纪.

Carborundum
[7ka:bE'rQndEm; 7karbE'rQndEm] n (propr 专利名) hard compound of carbon and silicon, used for polishing and grinding things 碳化硅; 金刚砂.

carboy
[5ka:bCi; 5karbCi] n large round glass or plastic bottle, usu enclosed in a protective framework, used for carrying dangerous liquids （大而圆的）玻璃瓶或塑料瓶（通常有护套, 用以运载危险液体）.

carbuncle
[5ka:bQNkl; 5karbQNkl] n 1 large inflamed swelling under the skin 痈. 2 bright-red gem with a rounded shape 红玉; 红宝石.

carburettor
[7ka:bE'retE(r); 5karbjE7retl] (US carburetor[5ka:rbEreitEr; 5karbE7retl] ) n apparatus in a petrol engine for mixing fuel and air to make an explosive mixture 汽化器; 化油器. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xii.

carcass
[5ka:kEs; 5karkEs] n 1 dead body of an animal, esp one prepared for cutting up as meat （动物的） 体（尤指为切割供食用的）: * vultures picking at a lion's carcass 啄食狮子 体的秃鹫. Cf 参看 corpse. 2 bones of a cooked bird 烹调过的禽鸟骨骼: * You might find a bit of meat left on the chicken carcass. 鸡骨头上还可能有点儿肉呢. 3 (joc or derog 谑或贬) person's body （人的）身体: * Shift your carcass! 别死呆在这儿, 躲开!

carcinogen
[ka:'sinEdVen; kar'sinEdVen] n (medical 医) substance that produces cancer 致癌物. 派生： carcinogenic[7ka:sinE'dVenik; 7karsEnE'dVenik] adj (medical 医) producing cancer 致癌的.

carcinoma
[7ka:si'nEumE; 7karsE'nomE] n (pl ~s or ~ta[-tE; -tE] ) (medical 医) cancerous growth 癌.

card
1[ka:d; kard] n 1 [U] thick stiff paper or thin pasteboard 厚纸片; 薄纸板. 2 [C] piece of this for writing or printing on, used to identify a person or to record information or as proof of membership 卡片: * an identity card 身分证 * a record card 记录卡 * a membership card 会员卡. 3 [C] piece of this with a picture on it, for sending greetings, messages, etc 贺卡; 慰问卡; 明信片: * a Christmas/birthday card 圣诞[生日]卡 * a get-well card, ie one sent to sb who is unwell 康复祝卡 * David sent us a card (ie a postcard) from Spain. 大卫从西班牙给我们寄来一张明信片. 4 [C] = playing-card: * a pack of cards 一副纸牌. 5 cards [pl] games played with a set of playing-cards; card-playing 纸牌游戏: * win/lose at cards 纸牌戏中赢[输] * Let's play cards. 咱们玩纸牌吧. 6 [C] programme of events at a race-meeting, etc （赛马、 赛跑等比赛的）节目单, 项目单. 7 [C] (dated infml 旧, 口) odd or amusing person 怪人; 有趣的人: * Bertie's quite a card. 伯蒂真是个怪人. 8 (idm 习语) one's best/strongest `card one's strongest or most effective argument 某人的王牌、 绝招或最强有力的论据. (have) a card up one's sleeve sth secret held in reserve until needed 锦囊妙计. get one's `cards/give sb his `cards (infml 口) be dismissed/dismiss sb from a job 开除; 解雇. have the cards/odds stacked a`gainst one => stack. hold/keep one's cards ,close to one's `chest be secretive about one's intentions 秘而不宣; 不露声色. a house of cards => house. lay/put one's `cards on the table be honest and open about one's resources and intentions 摊牌; 将实力与意图公开: * We can only reach agreement if we both put our cards on the table. 我们双方只有摊开来说才能达成协议. make a `card (in card-games) win a trick with a particular card （纸牌戏中）以一牌赢一墩. on the cards (infml 口) likely or possible 多半; 可能的:

card1
* An early general election is certainly on the cards. 早日举行大选确有可能. play one's `cards well, right, etc act in the most effective way to achieve sth 做事精明; 处理得当: * You could end up running this company if you play your cards right. 你要是处理得当, 到头来这个公司能归你掌管. show one's hand/cards => show2. 复合： `card-carrying member registered member of a political party, trade union, etc 正式的党员、 工会会员等: a card-carrying member of the Communist party 共产党正式党员. `card-game n game using playing-cards 纸牌游戏: Bridge, poker and whist are card-games. 桥牌、 扑克和惠斯特都是纸牌游戏. `card index = index 1b. `card-sharp (also `card-sharper) n person who earns a living by cheating at card-games 以纸牌骗赌为生的人. `card-table n (esp folding) table for playing cards on （尤指折瞴的）纸牌桌. `card vote = block vote (block1).

cardamom
[5ka:dEmEm; 5kardEmEm] n (a) [C] E Indian plant 小豆蔻（东印度植物）. (b) [U] its seeds used as a spice 小豆蔻的子（用以调味）.

cardboard
[5ka:dbC:d; 5kard7bCrd] n [U] 1 thick stiff type of paper or pasteboard used for making boxes, binding books, etc 硬纸板（用以制盒子、 装订书籍等）: * [attrib 作定语] a cardboard box 纸箱; 纸盒. 2 [attrib 作定语] (fig 比喻) without real substance or worth 无实质的; 无价值的: * a cardboard figure, character, dictator 有名无实的人物、 角色、 独裁者.

cardi(o)-
comb form 构词成分 of the heart 心脏的: cardiogram * cardiologist.

cardiac
[5ka:diAk; 5kardi7Ak] adj of or relating to the heart or heart disease 心脏的; 心脏病的: * cardiac muscles, disease, patients 心肌、 心脏病、 心脏病患者 * cardiac arrest, ie temporary or permanent stopping of the heartbeat 心跳停止.

cardigan
[5ka:digEn; 5kardigEn] n knitted woollen jacket, usu with no collar and with buttons at the front 毛衣（通常指无领有扣前对襟的）.

cardinal
1[5ka:dinl; 5kardnEl] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] most important; chief; fundamental 最重要的; 主要的; 基本的: * cardinal sins, errors, virtues, etc 大罪、 大错、 大德. 派生： cardinal n (also ,cardinal `number) whole number representing quantity, eg 1, 2, 3, etc 基数（如1、 2、 3等. Cf 参看 ordinal. =>App 4 见附录4. 复合： ,cardinal `points the four main points of the compass, ie North, South, East and West 基本方位（罗盘上的东南西北等四个主要方位）.

cardiology
[7ka:di'ClEdVi; 7kardi'alEdVi] n [U] branch of medicine concerned with the heart and its diseases 心脏病学. > cardiologist[-dVist; -dVist] n.

care
1[keE(r); ker] n 1 [U] ~ (over sth/in doing sth) (a) serious attention or thought 密切的注意; 审慎的思索: * She arranged the flowers with great care. 她仔细地插花. * You should take more care over your work. 你对工作应该更认真些. (b) caution to avoid damage or loss 小心; 谨慎: * Care is needed when crossing the road. 过马路时要小心. * Fragile handle with care, eg as a warning on a container holding glass. 易碎--小心轻放（如容器内有玻璃的警告语）. 2 [U] ~ (for sb) sympathetic concern 关怀; 关心: * a mother's care for her children 母亲对孩子的关怀 * Old people need loving care and attention. 老人需要爱护和照顾. 3 (a) [U] worry; anxiety; troubled state of mind 忧虑; 担心; 操心; 烦恼: * free from care 无忧无虑. (b) [C esp pl 尤作复数] cause of or reason for worry 忧虑的起因或缘故: * weighed down by the cares of a demanding job 被费力的工作压垮 * not have a care in the world, ie have no worries or responsibilities 无尘世之忧（无牵无挂）. 4 (idm 习语) care of sb (abbr 缩写 c/o) (esp written on envelopes) at the address of sb （尤指书写於信封上的字样）由某人转交: * Write to him care of his solicitor. 写给他的信件由律师转交. have a `care (dated 旧) be more careful 更当心些. in the care of sb in sb's charge; under sb's supervision 由某人负责; 由某人照管: * in the care of a doctor 由医生照料 * They left the child in a friend's care. 他们把孩子交给朋友照看. take care (that.../to do sth) be careful or cautious 当心; 小心: * Take care (that) you don't drink too much/not to drink too much. 当心别喝多了. * Good bye, and take care! 再见, 多保重! take care of oneself/sb/sth (a) make sure that one/sb is safe and well; look after oneself/sb 照看; 照料; 照顾: * My sister is taking care of the children while we're away. 我们不在的时候, 由我妹妹照看孩子.

care1
* He's old enough to take care of himself. 他大了, 能照顾自己了. (b) be responsible for sb/sth; deal with sb/sth 负责某人[某事]; 处理某人[某事]: * Mr Smith takes care of marketing and publicity. 史密斯先生负责产品的销售与推广. * Her secretary took care of all her appointments. 她的秘书处理她的一切约会. =>Usage at care2 用法见care2. take/put sb into/put sb in `care put (esp a child) in a home owned by a local authority(2) for special treatment 把（尤指儿童）交给地方当局的福利院照顾: * The social worker advised them to put their handicapped child into care. 社会工作者建议他们将其残疾儿送到福利院去. 复合： `carefree adj without responsibilities or worries; cheerful 无忧无虑的; 逍遥自在的; 快乐的: young and carefree 年幼而无忧的. `careworn adj showing signs of much worry 忧心忡忡的; 操心的: an old and careworn face 苍老而忧伤的面孔.

careen
[kE'ri:n; kE'rin] v 1 [Tn] turn (a ship) on its side (esp for cleaning or repairing) 将（船）倾侧（尤指为清刷或修理）. 2 [I] (of a ship) turn over or tilt （指船）倾侧, 倾斜. 3 [Ipr] (US) rush forward with a swaying or swerving motion 摇摇摆摆向前冲: * The driver lost control and the car careened down the hill. 因司机失控, 那辆汽车就横冲直撞地冲下山去.

career
[kE'riE(r); kE'rir] n 1 [C] profession or occupation with opportunities for advancement or promotion 职业; 事业; 生涯: * a career in accountancy, journalism, politics, etc 会计、 新闻工作、 政治等生涯 * She chose an academic career. 她选择了学术界职业. * [attrib 作定语] a career diplomat, ie a professional one 职业外交家. 2 [C] progress through life; development of a political party, etc 生命的历程; 政党等的发展: * look back on a successful career 对成功经历的回顾. 3 [U] quick or violent forward movement 迅速的前进; 猛冲: * in full career, ie at full speed 全速前进 * stop sb in mid career, ie as he is rushing along 在他飞奔时止住他. 派生： career v [Ipr, Ip] move about quickly and often dangerously 猛冲（常为危险地）: careering down the road on a bicycle 骑着自行车沿路飞奔而去 * The car careered off the road into a ditch. 汽车冲出路面, 陷进沟里. careerist/kE'riErist; kE'ririst] n (often derog 常作贬义) person who is keen to advance his or her career by any possible means 不择手段向上爬的人; 野心家. 复合： ca`reer girl (also ca`reer woman) (esp sexist or derog 尤含性别偏见或贬义) woman who is more interested in a professional career than in eg getting married and having children （视事业重於结婚生子等的）职业妇女.

careful
[5keEfl; 5kerfEl] adj 1 [pred 作表语] ~ (about/of/with sth); ~ (about/in) doing sth taking care; cautious 小心; 当心; 警惕: * Be careful not to/that you don't hurt her feelings. 当心别伤了她的感情. * Be careful with the glasses, ie Don't break them. 小心玻璃杯. * Be careful of the dog; it sometimes bites people. 留心那条狗, 有时候咬人. * Be careful (about/of) what you say to him. 对他说话可得小心. * Be careful (about/in) crossing the road. 过马路要留神. * He's very careful with his money, ie He doesn't spend it on unimportant things. 他用钱很仔细. 2 (a) giving serious attention and thought; painstaking 聚精会神的; 深思熟虑的; 审慎的; 苦心的: * a careful worker 一丝不苟的工作者. (b) done with care 精心的: * a careful piece of work 精细的作品 * a careful examination of the facts 认真的核实. > carefully[5keEfEli; 5kerfEli] adv: * Please listen carefully. 请注意听. * I always drive more carefully at night. 我夜晚开车总是更加小心. carefulness n [U].

careless
[5keElis; 5kerlis] adj 1 ~ (about/of sth) not taking care; inattentive; thoughtless 不小心的; 不注意的; 粗心的: * a careless driver, worker, etc 粗心大意的司机、 工作者等 * careless about spelling, money, one's appearance 对拼写、 金钱、 仪表粗心大意的. 2 resulting from lack of care 由粗心引起的: * a careless error, mistake, etc 疏忽性的错误. > carelessly adv. carelessness n [U].

caress
[kE'res; kE'res] n loving touch or stroke 爱抚; 抚摩. 派生： caress v [Tn] touch or stroke (sb/sth) lovingly 爱抚或抚摩（某人[某物]）: She caressed his hand. 她抚摩他的手.

caret
[5kArEt; 5kArEt] n symbol (_) used to show where sth is to be inserted in written or printed material 脱字号, 加字号（_.

caretaker
[5keEteikE(r); 5ker7tekl] n (Brit) (US janitor) person who is employed to look after a house, building, etc 看门人（受雇看管房屋、 建 物等的人）: the school caretaker 学校的门卫. 派生： caretaker adj [attrib 作定语] holding power temporarily; interim 暂时代理的; 临时的: a caretaker administration, government, prime minister 代理行政、 看守政府、 代首相.

cargo
[5ka:gEu; 5kargo] n (pl ~es; US ~s) [C, U] (load of) goods carried in a ship or aircraft （用船或飞行器运载的）货物（量）: * [attrib 作定语] a cargo ship 货船. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: 1 Compare cargo, freight and goods *试比较 cargo、 freight、 goods这叁个词. These words are used before the names of vehicles that transport things rather than passengers. They can also refer to the objects transported 这叁个词均用於货运的（而非客运的）运载工具名称之前, 也可指所运载的货物: A cargo plane/ship/vessel carries cargo. 货运飞机[货轮/货船]是运载货物的. * A goods/(US) freight train carries goods/freight. 货运列车是运载货物的. （‘货运’一词, 英式英语用goods, 美式英语用freight.） * A passenger train sometimes also has goods wagons/(US) freight cars. 客运列车有时也有货车车厢. （‘货车车厢’英式英语为goods wagon, 美式英语为freight car.） 2 Cargo [C] can also indicate a particular load that is being transported *cargo还可指所运载货物的量: A cargo of steel was lost at sea. 有一货轮的钢材在海上遗失了. 3 Freight [U] also indicates the action of transporting *freight也可指运输工作: We can send it by air/sea freight. 我们可以空运[海运]. * What is the freight charge? 运费多少钱? In this sense freight can also be a verb *freight意为运输时, 也可作动词: You can freight your belongings by air or sea. 你可把东西经空运或海运运去.

caribou
[5kAribu:; 5kArE7bu] n (pl unchanged or ~s 复数或不变或作caribous) N American reindeer （北美洲产的）驯鹿: * a herd of fifty caribou(s) 五十只驯鹿.

caricature
[5kArikEtjuE(r); 5kArikE7tjur] n (a) [C] picture,description or imitation of sb/sth that exaggerates certain characteristics in order to amuse or ridicule 漫画; 夸张的描述或模仿: * draw a caricature of a politician 画一政客的漫画 * He does very funny caricatures of all his friends. 他夸张地模仿了所有的朋友, 非常滑稽. =>illus 见插图. (b) [U] art of doing this 漫画艺术; 滑稽或讽刺的模仿艺术. 派生： caricature v [Tn] make or give a caricature of (sb/sth) 用漫画表现或夸张描述、 模仿（某人[某事物]）. caricaturist n.

caries
[5keEri:z; 5keriz] n [U] (medical 医) decay in bones or teeth 骨疡; 龋: * dental caries 龋齿.

carillon
[kE'riljEn; - 'kArElCn; 5kArE7lan] n 1 set of bells sounded either from a keyboard or mechanically 编钟; 钟琴. 2 tune played on bells 钟乐曲.

carious
[5keEriEs; 5keriEs] adj (medical 医) (esp of bones or teeth) decayed; affected with caries （尤指骨或齿）腐蚀的, 患骨疡的, 龋的.

Carmelite
[5ka:mElait; 5karml7ait] n, adj (friar or nun) belonging to a very strict religious order founded in 1155 加尔默罗会的（修士或修女）.

carmine
[5ka:main; 5karmain] adj, n [U] (of a) deep red colour 深红色（的）; 洋红色（的）.

carnage
[5ka:nidV; 5karnidV] n [U] killing of many people 大屠杀: * a scene of carnage, eg a battlefield 大屠杀的场面（如战场）.

carnal
[5ka:nl; 5karnEl] adj (fml 文) of the body; sexual or sensual 肉体的; 性的; 感官的: * carnal desires 肉欲. > carnally[5ka:nEli; 5karnEli] adv.

carnation
[ka:'neiFn; kar'neFEn] n (a) garden plant with sweet-smelling white, pink or red flowers 麝香石竹; 康乃馨. (b) one of these flowers 康乃馨: * wear a carnation in one's buttonhole 钮扣孔插着康乃馨. =>illus at App 1见附录 1之插图, page ii.

carnival
[5ka:nivl; 5karnEvl] n (a) [C, U] (period of) public festivities and merry-making occurring at a regular time of year, eg in Roman Catholic countries during the week before Lent 狂欢节; 嘉年华会（天主教国家大斋期前一周内的狂欢）: * [attrib 作定语] a carnival atmosphere 狂欢节的气氛. (b) [C] festival of this kind, usu with a procession 狂欢节（通常有游行活动）: * a street carnival 街道上的狂欢节景象.

carnivore
[5ka:nivC:(r); 5karnE7vCr] n flesh-eatinganimal 肉食动物. Cf 参看 herbivore. 派生： carnivorous/ka:'nivErEs; kar'nivErEs] adj flesh-eating 食肉的.

carol
[5kArEl; 5kArEl] n joyful song, esp a Christmas hymn 欢乐之歌（尤指圣诞颂歌）: * a Christmas carol 圣诞颂歌 * carol singers, ie singers who visit people's houses at Christmas to sing carols and collect money, usu for charity 颂歌队（圣诞节挨户唱圣诞颂歌募捐的歌手, 通常为慈善募捐）. 派生： carol v (-ll-; US -l-) [I] 1 sing joyfully 欢乐地唱. 2 (usu 通常作 go carolling) sing Christmas carols 去唱圣诞颂歌: We often go carolling (ie go from house to house, singing carols) at Christmas. 我们在圣诞节常去唱颂歌（挨门挨户唱颂歌）. caroller n.

carotid
[kE'rCtid; kE'ratid] adj, n (relating to) either of the two large blood-vessels (carotid arteries) in the neck, carrying blood to the head 颈动脉（的）.

carouse
[kE'rauz; kE'rauz] v [I] (dated 旧) drink and be merry with others (at a noisy meal, party, etc) （在热闹的宴会上）狂饮作乐. 派生： carousal/kE'rauzl; kE'rauzl] [C, U] (dated 旧) (noisy party with) drinking and merry-making 痛饮狂欢的（热闹的宴会）.

carousel
(US carrousel)[7kArE'sel; 7kArE'sel] n 1 (US) = roundabout 1. 2 (esp at an airport) revolving apparatus or moving belt on which luggage is placed for collection by passengers （尤指机场的）旋转式行李传送带. 3 circular holder that feeds slides (slide1 4a) into a projector （将幻灯片送入幻灯机内的）卡盘.

carp
1[ka:p; karp] n (pl unchanged 复数不变) type of large edible freshwater fish that lives in lakes and ponds 鲤鱼.

carpal
[5ka:pl; 5karpl] adj (anatomy 解) of the wrist 腕的. 派生： carpal n (anatomy 解) any of the bones in the wrist 腕骨. =>illus at skeleton 见skeleton之插图.

carpenter
[5ka:pEntE(r); 5karpEntl] n person whose job is making or repairing wooden objects and structures 木匠. Cf 参看 joiner. 派生： carpentry[-tri; -tri] n [U] art or work of a carpenter 木工工艺; 木作: * learn carpentry 学木工 * a fine piece of carpentry 精致的木工艺品.

carpet
[5ka:pit; 5karpit] n 1 (a) [U] thick woollen or synthetic fabric for covering floors 地毯. (b) [C] piece of this shaped to fit a particular room （适用於某房间的）全屋地毯: * lay a carpet, ie fit it to a floor 铺地毯 * We have fitted carpets (ie carpets from wall to wall) in our house. 我们家已全铺了地毯（覆盖全部地板的地毯）. * We need a new bedroom carpet. 我们需要一块卧室用的新地毯. Cf 参看 red carpet (red1). 2 [C] thick layer of sth on the ground 地上的一厚层的东西: * a carpet of leaves, moss, snow, etc 一厚层的叶子、 苔、 雪等. 3 (idm 习语) on the `carpet (infml 口) summoned before sb in authority to be reprimanded 被叫去受训斥: * The boss had me on the carpet over my expenses claim. 因为索取报销费的事, 老板把我叫去训了一顿. pull the carpet/rug from under sb's feet => pull2. sweep sth under the carpet => sweep1. 派生： carpet v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] cover (sth) with or as if with a carpet 以地毯或好像以地毯覆盖（某物）: carpet the stairs 在台阶上铺上地毯 * a lawn carpeted with fallen leaves 被落叶覆盖着的草坪. 2 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (infml 口) reprimand (sb) 申斥, 责骂（某人）: be carpeted by one's boss 遭老板申斥. 复合： `carpet-bag n (formerly) travelling bag made of carpet （旧时）毯制旅行袋. `carpet-bagger n (derog 贬) political candidate, etc who hopes for success in an area where he is not known and is therefore resented （在某地区因无名声而受排斥却希望获胜的）政治上的候选人等. `carpet-slippers n [pl] soft slippers with woollen or cloth uppers, worn indoors （室内穿用, 以毛绒或布作面的）软拖鞋. `carpet-sweeper n device with revolving brushes for sweeping carpets （有旋转刷的）扫地毯器.

carriage
[5kAridV; 5kAridV] n 1 [C] (also coach) vehicle (usu with four wheels), pulled by a horse or horses, for carrying people （通常为四轮的载客的）马车. 2 [C] (Brit also coach) (US car) railway coach for carrying passengers （火车）客车厢: * a first-/second-class carriage 头等[二等]车厢. 3 [U] (cost of) transporting goods from one place to another 货运（费）: * carriage forward, ie The cost of carriage is to be paid by the receiver. 运费由收货人支付. * carriage free/paid, ie The cost of carriage is paid by the sender. 运费免付[已付]（已由发货人付讫）. 4 [C] = gun-carriage (gun). 5 [C] moving part of a machine that supports or moves another part （机器的）移动托架: * a typewriter carriage 打字机的滑动架. 6 [sing] (dated 旧) way in which sb holds and moves his head and body 仪态; 举止; 姿势: * have a very upright carriage 挺着腰板. 复合： `carriageway n part of a road on which vehicles travel 车道: the northbound carriageway of a motorway 高速公路的北行车道.

carrier
[5kAriE(r); 5kAril] n 1 person or thing that carries sth 运送某物的人或物. 2 person or company that carries goods or people for payment 运货人; 货运公司; 客运公司: * Your carrier for this flight is British Airways. 你的这一班机是英国航空公司的飞机. 3 (usu metal) framework fixed to a bicycle, etc for carrying luggage or a small child （自行车等的）行李架: * strap a parcel to the carrier 把包裹捆到行李架上. 4 person or animal that can transmit a disease to others without suffering from it 带菌者（可传染疾病而本身不受感染的人或动物）; 传染病的媒介: * Mosquitoes are carriers of malaria. 蚊子是疟疾的传播媒介. Cf 参看 vector 2. 5 = aircraft-carrier (aircraft). 6 = carrier bag. 复合： `carrier bag (Brit) paper or plastic bag for carrying shopping （装载所购商品的）纸袋或塑料袋. `carrier pigeon pigeon trained to carry messages tied to its leg or neck 信鸽.

carrion
[5kAriEn; 5kAriEn] n [U] dead and decaying flesh 腐肉. 复合： `carrion crow type of crow that eats carrion and small animals （一种吃腐肉及小动物的）乌鸦.

carrot
[5kArEt; 5kArEt] n 1 (a) [C] plant with a long pointed orange root 胡萝卜. (b) [C, U] this root eaten as a vegetable 胡萝卜（蔬菜）: * boiled beef and carrots 清炖牛肉胡萝卜 * Have some more carrots. 再吃点儿胡萝卜. * grated carrot 擦碎的胡萝卜. 2 [C] (fig 比喻) reward or advantage promised to sb to persuade him to do sth 说服某人做某事所许诺的报酬或利益: * hold out/offer a carrot to sb 利诱某人. 3 (idm 习语) the carrot and the stick the hope of reward and the threat of punishment as a means of making sb try harder 胡萝卜加大棒; 软硬兼施; 威逼利诱: * [attrib 作定语] a carrot-and-stick approach 胡萝卜加大棒的方法; 威逼利诱. 派生： carroty adj (of hair) having an orange-red colour （指毛发）橘红色的.

carrousel
(US) = carousel.

carry
[5kAri; 5kAri] v (pt, pp carried) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (a) support the weight of (sb/sth) and take (him/it) from place to place; take from one place to another 携带, 搬运, 传送, 运送（某人[某物]）: * carry shopping, a suitcase, a rucksack, etc 携带着购买的东西、 手提箱、 背包等 * a train carrying commuters to and from work 运送通勤者上下班的火车 * The car had carried him 500 miles before it broke down. 汽车载着他行驶了500英里以後抛锚了. * She carried her baby in her arms. 她怀抱着婴儿. * He broke his leg during the match and had to be carried off. 他在比赛中撞断了腿而被抬走. * Seeds can be carried for long distances by the wind. 种子能被风传送得很远. * The injured were carried away on stretchers. 用担架把受伤的人抬走了. (b) (of pipes, wires, etc) contain and direct the flow of (water, an electric current, etc); take; conduct （指管道、 金属丝等）输送, 传导（水、 电流等）: * a pipeline carrying oil 输油管 * The veins carry blood to the heart. 静脉把血液输送进心脏. =>Usage 见所附用法. 2 [Tn] have (sth) with one 持有; 带有: * Police in many countries carry guns. 许多国家的警察都带枪. * I never carry much money (with me). 我（身上）从来不多带钱. * (fig 比喻) He'll carry the memory of the experience (with him) for the rest of his life. 他能把这一经历记一辈子. =>Usage at wear2 用法见wear2. 3 [Tn] (dated or fml 旧或文) (used esp in the continuous tenses 尤用於进行时态) be pregnant with (sb) 怀（胎）: * She was carrying twins. 她怀着双胞胎. 4 [Tn] (esp of sth that does not move) support the weight of (sth) （尤指不动的东西）支撑, 承载（某物）: * These pillars carry the weight of the roof. 这些柱子支撑着屋顶的重量. * A road bridge has to carry a lot of traffic. 高架路得承载很多车辆. * (fig 比喻) He is carrying the department (on his shoulders), ie It is only functioning because of his efforts and abilities. 他主持着这个部门.

carry1
5 [Tn] (a) have (sth) as an attribute; possess 有（某特性）; 具有: * His voice carries the ring of authority. 他的声音中带有权威的口气. (b) have (sth) as a result; involve; entail 有（某种结果）; 含有; 使承担: * Power carries great responsibilty. 有权力就要承担重任. * Crimes of violence carry heavy penalties. 暴力罪行要承受严厉的惩罚. 6 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] take (sth) to a specified point or in a specified direction 使（某事物）延伸至某一点或向某一方向: * The war was carried into enemy territory. 战争已伸展到敌方领土. * His ability carried him to the top of his profession. 他有才干能在本行业中首屈一指. * He carries modesty to extremes, ie is too modest. 他谦虚得过分. 7 [Tn] (in adding figures) transfer (a figure) to the next column （加法）进（位）. 8 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] approve (sth) by a majority of votes （以多数票）通过（某事）: * The bill/motion/resolution was carried by 340 votes to 210. 这一提案[动议/决议]以340票对210票获得通过. 9 [Tn] win the support or sympathy of (sb) 赢得（某人）的支持或同情: * His moving speech was enough to carry the audience. 他讲话感人足以赢得听众同情. 10 [Tn no passive 不用於被动语态] ~ oneself hold or move one's head or body in a specified way 使头或身体呈现某种姿态: * She carries herself well. 她体态优美. 11 (a) [In/pr] (of a missile, etc) cover a specified distance （指抛射物等）射至某距离: * The full-back's kick carried 50 metres into the crowd. 後卫把球踢出50米远, 射入人群中. (b) [I] (of a sound, voice, etc) be audible at a distance （指声音等）达到可听见的某距离: * A public speaker needs a voice that carries (well). 演说家要有（很远都能听到的）洪亮嗓音. 12 [Tn] (of a newspaper or broadcast) include (sth) in its content; contain （指报纸或广播）登载, 刊出, 播出（某事）:

carry2
* Today's papers carry full reports of the President's visit. 今天报纸上登载了总统访问的详尽报道. 13 [Tn] (of a shop) have (sth) for sale; include in its regular stock （指商店）出售（某物）; 有货: * I'm sorry, this shop doesn't carry cigarettes. 对不起, 本店不卖香烟. 14 (idm 习语) as fast as one's legs can carry one => fast1. carry all/everything be`fore one be completely successful 完全成功; 大获全胜. carry the can (for sth) (infml 口) accept the responsibility or blame (for sth) （为某事）承担责任或承受责难. carry coals to `Newcastle take goods to a place where they are already plentiful; supply sth unnecessarily 多此一举. carry the day => day. carry/gain one's `point => point1. carry/take sth too, etc far => far2. carry the war into the enemy's camp attack (rather than being content to defend) 转（守）为攻; 反攻. carry `weight be influential or important 有影响; 有分量; 有力: * Her opinion carries (great) weight (with the chairman). 她的意见（对主席）（很）有影响. fetch and carry => fetch. 15 (phr v) carry sb away (usu passive 通常用於被动语态) cause sb to lose self-control or be very excited 使某人失去自制力或非常兴奋: * He tends to get carried away when watching wrestling on TV. 他一看电视中的摔跤就很兴奋. carry sb back (to sth) take sb back in memory 使某人回忆起: The sound of seagulls carried her back to childhood holidays by the sea. 她听到海鸥的叫声就回忆起童年时在海边度假的情景. carry sth forward (in bookkeeping) transfer (the total of figures in a column or on a page) to a new column or page （簿记）将（一栏或一页的总数）转记於另一栏或另一页; 结转. carry sth off win sth 赢得某物: She carried off most of the prizes for swimming. 她获得游泳项目的大多数奖. carry it/sth off handle a (difficult) situation successfully 成功地应付（困难）局面: He carried the speech off well despite feeling very nervous. 尽管他感到非常紧张, 但总算把演讲顺利地讲完了.

carry3
carry `on (infml 口) argue, quarrel or complain noisily; behave strangely 吵吵闹闹; 举动失常: He does carry on, doesn't he? 他真有点儿疯疯颠颠的, 是吧? carry on (with sth/doing sth); carry sth on continue (doing sth) 继续（做某事） : Carry on (working/with your work) while I'm away. 我不在的时候, 要继续做（工作[你的工作]）. * They decided to carry on (eg continue their walk) in spite of the weather. 他们决定不管天气好坏都坚持着（如继续走）. * Carry on the good work! 好好干下去! carry on (with sb) (infml 口) (used esp in the continuous tenses 尤用於进行时态) have an affair(5) with sb 与某人有暧昧关系: She's carrying on with her boss. 她和老板有暧昧关系. * They've been carrying on for years. 他们的暧昧关系已经有很多年了. carry sth on (a) take part in sth; conduct or hold sth 参加某事; 进行或举行某事: carry on a conversation, discussion, dialogue, etc 进行谈话、 讨论、 对话等. (b) conduct or transact sth 进行或经营某事物: carry on a business 经营事业. carry sth out (a) do sth as required or specified; fulfil sth 实施; 执行; 实行; 落实; 贯彻; 完成; 实现: carry out a promise, a threat, a plan, an order 实践诺言、 进行威胁、 实施计划、 执行命令. (b) perform or conduct (an experiment, etc) 进行（实验等）: carry out an enquiry, an investigation, a survey, etc 进行查询、 调查、 勘查 * Extensive tests have been carried out on the patient. 对患者进行了多次试验. carry sth over (a) postpone sth 将某事物延後. (b) = carry sth forward. carry sb through (sth) help sb to survive a difficult period 帮助某人度过难关: His determination carried him through (the ordeal). 他靠坚定的信心度过了难关. carry sth through complete sth successfully 成功地完成某事物: It's a difficult job but she's the person to carry it through. 这是件艰巨的工作, 但她是能胜任的. 派生： carry n

carry4
1 [U] (a) range of a gun （枪炮的）射程. (b) distance that a golf ball travels before hitting the ground （高尔夫球落地前的）飞行距离. 2 [sing] act of carrying sb/sth 携、 带、 持、 抱、 抬、 扛、 背或载某人[某物]: Would you like me to give the baby a carry? 你愿意让我抱抱婴儿吗? 复合： `carry-all n (US) = holdall`carry-cot n portable cot for a baby 手提式婴儿床. carryings-`on n [pl] (infml 口) noisy or excited behaviour 喧闹的或激动的样子: Did you hear the carryings-on next door last night? 你听见没听见昨晚隔壁闹翻天了? `carry-on n (infml 口 esp Brit) [sing] fuss 大惊小怪; 忙乱: I've never heard such a carry-on! 我从来没听见过这样大惊小怪的事! `carry-out n (Scot or US 用於苏格兰或美国) = take-away (take1). NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Carry, bear, cart, hump and lug share the meaning of `take (somebody or something) from one place to another'. *carry、bear、cart、hump、lug均意为‘将（某人或某物）从一处移至另一处. Carry is the most general term for the moving of loads of all weights. *carry一词最常用, 其所移动之物可轻可重. It can refer to passenger transport 这个词还可指客运: She came in carrying an important-looking piece of paper. 她进来时, 拿着一份看来很重要的文件. * Could you carry this box to my car for me, please? 请你把这个箱子给我搬到我的汽车那里可以吗? * The plane was carrying 250 passengers when it crashed. 飞机失事时载有250名乘客. When bear indicates movement it is formal *bear指移动时, 含义较庄重: The ambassador arrived bearing gifts for the Queen. 大使携礼物觐见女王. * The hero was borne aloft on the shoulders of the crowd. 这个英雄被人们高擎肩上. Cart means `carry (away) (as if) in a cart' *cart意为‘（好像）用大车运（走）’: We've asked the Council to come and cart away all this rubbish. 我们已经要求市政局来把这些垃圾运走. Informally it suggests force or unwillingness 这个词在口语中含有强迫或不自愿的意思: The police carted the protesters off to jail. 警察把抗议者押送监狱.

carry5
* I've been carting these books around for him all over the place. 我一直为他把书搬来搬去. Hump suggests that the load is heavy and difficult to move and is carried on one's back or shoulders *hump指以背或扛的方式移动笨重而难以移动之物: We've spent all day humping furniture up and down stairs. 我们花了一整天的时间楼上楼下地搬运家具. Lug indicates that what is carried is pulled or dragged behind unwillingly and/or with difficulty *lug指不自愿地、 艰难地拉或拽: Do I have to lug those suitcases all the way to the station? 难道非要我把那些手提箱一直拉到车站去吗?

cart
[ka:t; kart] n 1 (a) vehicle with two or four wheels used for carrying loads and usu pulled by a horse （通常为马拉的两轮或四轮的）大车: * a horse and cart 一套马车. Cf 参看 wagon 1. (b) (also `handcart) light vehicle with wheels that is pulled or pushed by hand 手推车. 2 (idm 习语) put the ,cart before the `horse reverse the logical order of things, eg by saying that the result of sth is what caused it 本末倒置; 因果颠倒. 派生： cart v [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] 1 carry (sth) in a cart 用大车拉（某物）: carting hay 用大车拉乾草 * cart away the rubbish 把垃圾拉走. 2 (infml 口) carry (sth) in the hands 拿; 提: I've been carting these cases around all day. 我整天都提着这些箱子. =>Usage at carry 用法见carry. carter n person whose job is driving carts or transporting goods 赶大车的人; 车把势. 复合： `cart-horse n large strong horse used for heavy work （用以做重活的强壮的）大马. `cart-load n amount that a cart holds 一辆大车所载的量. `cart-track n rough track not suitable for motor vehicles （不适於机动车行驶的）大车道. `cart-wheel n 1 wheel of a cart, with thick wooden spokes and a metal rim 马车轮. 2 sideways somersault 侧手翻: do/turn cartwheels 做[翻]侧手翻. v [I] perform a cart-wheel 做侧手翻.

carte blanche
[7ka:t 'blCnF; 5kart'blanF] (French 法) complete freedom to act as one thinks best 全权处理: * give sb/have carte blanche 授予某人[具有]全权.

cartel
[ka:'tel; 5kartl] n [CGp] group of business firms which combine to control production and marketing, and to avoid competing with one another 卡特尔, 同业联盟（以控制产量鑟 销售及防止相互竞争）.

cartilage
[5ka:tilidV; 5kartlidV] n (a) [U] tough white flexible tissue attached to the bones of animals; gristle 软骨: * I've damaged a cartilage in my knee. 我伤了膝关节的软骨. (b) [C] structure made of this 软骨结构. 派生： cartilaginous[7ka:ti'ldVinEs; 7kartl'AdVEnEs] adj of or like cartilage 软骨的; 像软骨的.

cartographer
[ka:'tCgrEfE(r); kar'tagrEfl] n person who draws maps and charts 制图者（绘制地图和图表者）. 派生： cartography/ka:'tCgrEfi; kar'tagrEfi] n [U] art of drawing maps and charts 制图学; 制图法. carto-graphic[7ka:tE'grAfik; 7kartE'grAfik] adj.

carton
[5ka:tn; 5kartn] n light cardboard or plastic box for holding goods 纸板箱; 纸板盒: * a carton of milk, cream, yoghurt, etc 一纸盒奶、 奶油、 酸奶等 * a carton of 200 cigarettes, ie with 10 packets of 20 一条香烟（共10包, 每包20支）. =>illus at box 见box之插图.

cartoon
[ka:'tu:n; kar'tun] n 1 (a) amusing drawing in a newspaper or magazine, esp one that comments satirically on current events （报刊上的）漫画; （尤指）时事讽刺画. =>illus 见插图. (b) sequence of these telling a story （报刊上的）连环漫画, 连环讽刺画. 2 (also animated cartoon) film made by photographing a series of gradually changing drawings, giving an illusion of movement 动画片; 卡通片: * a Walt Disney cartoon 迪斯尼动画片. 3 drawing made by an artist as a preliminary sketch for a painting, tapestry, fresco, etc 草图; 底图. 派生： cartoonist n person who draws cartoons (cartoon 1a) 漫画家.

cartridge
[5ka:tridV; 5kartridV] n 1 (US shell) tube or case containing explosive (for blasting), or explosive with a bullet or shot (for firing from a gun) 子弹; 弹药筒; 弹壳. =>illus at gun 见gun之插图. Cf 参看 shell 3, shot1 4. 2 detachable end of a pick-up on a record player, holding the stylus （唱机的）唱头; （拾音器的）心座. 3 sealed case containing recording tape, photographic film or ink, that is put into a tape-deck, camera or pen 录音带盒; 胶卷盒; 钢笔囊. 复合： `cartridge-belt n belt with loops for holding cartridges (cartridge 1) 子弹带. `cartridge-clip n = clip1 2. `cartridge paper thick strong paper for drawing on 图画纸.

carve
[ka:v; karv] v 1 (a) [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (in sth); ~ sth (out of/from/of/in sth) form (sth) by cutting away material from wood or stone 雕刻; 雕刻成（某物）: * Michelangelo carved in marble. 米开朗琪罗在大理石上雕刻. * The statue was carved (out of stone). 这座像是（用石头）雕刻的. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (into sth) cut or chip (solid material) in order to form sth 切, 削, 凿或刻（成某物）: * carve wood 削木头. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] inscribe (sth) by cutting on a surface 刻记（某事物）: * carve one's initials on a tree trunk 在树干上刻自己名字的缩写字母. 3 [I, Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (for sb) cut (cooked meat) into slices for eating 把（熟肉）切成片供食用: * Would you like to carve? 你喜欢切片吃吗? * carve a joint, turkey, leg of mutton, etc 切肉、 火鸡、 羊腿等 * Please carve me another slice. 请再给我切一片. 4 (phr v) carve sth out (for oneself) build (one's career, reputation, etc) by hard work 靠勤奋创（业）或树（名声）等: * She carved out a name for herself as a reporter. 她靠苦干而成了有名的记者. carve sth up (infml 口) divide sth into parts or slices 将某物分割成份或片; 瓜分: * The territory was carved up by the occupying powers. 领土被侵占者瓜分. 派生： carver n 1 person who carves 雕刻者; 切肉的人. 2 = carving knife. carving n carved object or design 雕刻品; 雕刻术. 复合： `carving knife knife used for carving meat 切肉刀. =>illus at knife 见knife之插图.

caryatid
[7kAri5Atid; 7kAri5Atid] n (architecture 建) statue of a female figure used as a supporting pillar in a building 女像柱.

cascade
[kA'skeid; kAs'ked] n 1 waterfall, esp one of a series forming a large waterfall 瀑布（尤指大瀑布的分支）. 2 (fig 比喻) thing that falls or hangs in a way that suggests a waterfall 瀑布状下垂的东西: * a cascade of blonde hair 金发垂髫. 派生： cascade v [I, Ipr, Ip] fall in or like a cascade 如瀑布落下; 如瀑布状下垂: Water cascaded down the mountainside. 水如瀑布般自山边下泻. * Her golden hair cascaded down her back. 她的金发像瀑布似的披在背後.

cascara
[kA'ska:rE; kAs'kArE] n [U] type of laxative made from the bark of a N American tree 药鼠李皮（北美一种树皮制成的轻泻剂）.

case
1[keis; kes] n 1 [C] instance or example of the occurrence of sth 事例; 实例; 情形: * The company only dismisses its employees in cases of gross misconduct. 公司仅在雇员严重失职的情形下才予以解雇. * It's a clear case of blackmail! 这显然是敲诈! 2 the case [sing] actual state of affairs; situation 实情; 情况: * Is it the case (ie Is it true) that the company's sales have dropped? 公司销售额下降一事属实吗? * If that is the case (ie If the situation is as stated), you will have to work much harder. 果真如此（情况一如所述）, 你就得更加努力了. 3 [C usu sing 通常作单数] circumstances or special conditions relating to a person or thing 与某人或某事物有关的环境或特殊情况: * In your case, we are prepared to be lenient. 根据你的情况, 我们拟予从宽处理. * I cannot make an exception in your case, ie for you and not for others. 我不能为你破例. 4 [C] instance of a disease or an injury; person suffering from this 病例; 病症; 患者: * a case of typhoid 伤寒患者 * Cases of smallpox are becoming rare. 天花病例日益罕见. 5 [C] person having medical, psychiatric, etc treatment 接受内科、 精神科等治疗的病人: * This boy is a sad case. His parents are divorced and he himself is severely handicapped. 这个男孩儿是个可怜的病儿, 父母离婚, 本人又严重残废. 6 [C] matter that is being officially investigated, esp by the police 被官方（尤指警方）调查的事情; 案件: * a murder case/a case of murder 谋杀案. 7 [C] (a) question to be decided in a court of law; lawsuit 诉讼案: * The case will be heard in court next week. 这一案件下星期审理. * When does your case come before the court? 你的案子什麽时候开庭审讯? (b) (usu sing 通常作单数) set of facts or arguments supporting one side in a lawsuit, debate, etc 诉讼、 辩论等的一方的辩护事实、 理由、 论点或论据:

case1
* the case for the defence/prosecution 有利於辩方[控方]的案情陈述 * the case for/against the abolition of the death penalty 拥护[反对]废除死刑的理由 * You have a very strong case. 你的论据很有力. 8 [U, C] (grammar) (change in the) form of a noun, or pronoun, etc (esp in inflected languages) that shows its relationship to another word 格（尤指屈折语中, 表示名词或代词等与另一词的关系的形式及其变化）: * the nominative case 主格 * the accusative case 宾格 * Latin nouns have case, number and gender. 拉丁语名词有格、 数和性. Cf 参看 declension. 9 [sing] (infml 口) eccentric person 怪人: * He really is a case! 他真是个怪人! 10 (idm 习语) a case in `point example that is relevant to the matter being discussed 与所谈论的事有关的事例; 例证. as the ,case may `be (used when describing two or more possible alternatives) as will be determined by the circumstances （用於两种或多种可能性）看情形, 根据具体情况: * There may be an announcement about this tomorrow or not, as the case may be. 这件事明天可能宣布--也可能不宣布, 看情形吧. in `any case whatever happens or may have happened 无论如何; 总之. (just) in case (...) because of the possibility of sth happening 因为可能发生某事; 以防万一; 万一: * It may rain you'd better take an umbrella (just) in case (it does). 可能下雨--你最好带把伞, 以防万一（下起来）. in case of sth if sth happens 若发生某事; 假如: * In case of fire, ring the alarm bell. 遇火警时立即按警铃. in `no case in no circumstances 在任何情形下决不; 无论如何都不. in `that case if that happens or has happened; if that is the state of affairs 既然那样; 假若是那样的话: * You don't like your job? In that case why don't you leave? 你不喜欢这份工作? 那你怎麽不辞掉呢? make out a case (for sth) give arguments in favour of sth 提出对某事有利的论据:

case2
* The report makes out a strong case for increased spending on hospitals. 这份报告提出了对增加 医疗开支的有力论据. meet the case => meet1. prove one's/the case/point => prove. 复合： `case-book n written record kept by doctors, lawyers, etc of cases they have dealt with （医生、 律师等保存的自己曾处理过的）病历、 案例等记录. `case grammar (linguistics 语言) type of transformationalgrammar in which the case relationships are used to describe the deep structure of sentences 格的语法（转换语法的一种类型, 以格的关系来描述句子的深层结构）. ,case `history record of a person's background, medical history, etc for use in professional treatment (eg by a doctor) 个案记录; 病历. `case-law n [U] law based on decisions made by judges in earlier cases 判例法（以过去的判例为根据的法律）. Cf 参看 common law (common1), statute law (statute). `case-load n all those people for whom a doctor, social worker, etc is responsible （医生、 社会工作者等所负责的）总人数, 工作量. `case-study n study of the development of a person or group of people over a period of time 个案研究（对一个人或一些人在一段时间的情况发展的研究）. `casework n [U] social work involving the study of individuals or families with problems （对有问题的个人或家庭所做的）社会工作. `caseworker n.

casein
[5keisi:n; 5kesiin] n [U] protein that is found in milk and that forms the basis of cheese 酪蛋白; 酪素.

casement
[5keismEnt; 5kesmEnt] n (also casement window) window that opens on hinges like a door 门式窗. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page vi.

cash
[kAF; kAF] n 1 [U] (a) money in coins or notes 钱（硬币或纸币）; 现款; 现金: * pay (in) cash 付现金 * I have no cash on me may I pay by cheque? 我没带现款--可以付支票吗? * I never carry much cash with me. 我从不多带现款. (b) (infml 口) money in any form; wealth （任何形式的）金钱; 财富: * I'm short of cash at the moment. 我现在缺钱. 2 (idm 习语) cash `down with immediate payment of cash 即付现款; 现款交易. cash on de`livery system of paying for goods when they are delivered 货到付款. 派生： cash v 1 [Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (for sb) exchange sth for cash 将某物兑换成现金: cash a cheque (for sb) （给某人）把支票兑现. 2 (phr v) cash in (on sth) take advantage of or profit from sth 从某事物中获得利益或利润: The shops are cashing in on temporary shortages by raising prices. 商店趁一时缺货而提高价格从中获利. cashable adj that can be cashed 可兑现的; 可兑换现金的. 复合： ,cash and `carry 1 system in which the buyer pays for goods in cash and takes them away himself 现款自运（顾客付现款自行将所购物品运走的制度）. 2 shop operating this system 现款自运商店（实行上述制度的商店）: buy food in bulk at the local cash and carry 在本地现款自运商店购买大批食物. `cashcard plastic card issued by a bank to its customers for use in a cash dispenser 自动提款卡. `cash crop crop grown for selling, rather than for use by the grower 商品作物（为出售而非自用的农作物）. Cf 参看 subsistence crop (subsist). `cash desk desk or counter where payment is made in a shop 付款柜台; 付款处. `cash dispenser machine (in or outside a bank) from which cash can be obtained when a personal coded card is inserted and a special code-number keyed 自动提款机. `cash flow movement of money into and out of a business as goods are bought and sold 现金周转: [attrib 作定语] a healthy cash flow situation, eg having enough money to make payments when required to do so 健康的现金周转状况.

cash1
`cashpoint n = cash dispenser (dispense). `cash register machine used in shops, etc that has a drawer for keeping money in, and displays and records the amount of each purchase 现金收入记录机.

cashew
[5kAFu:; 5kAFu] n 1 tropical American tree （美洲热带的） 如树, 腰果树. 2 (also `cashew nut) its small edible kidney-shaped nut 腰果. =>illus at nut 见nut之插图.

cashier
1[kA'FiE(r); kA'Fir] n person whose job is to receive and pay out money in a bank, shop, hotel, etc 出纳员.

cashmere
[7kAF'miE(r); 5kAFmir] n [U] fine soft wool, esp that made from the hair of a type of Asian goat 开士米; 山羊绒: * [attrib 作定语] a ,cashmere `sweater 开士米毛衣.

casino
[kE'si:nEu; kE'sino] n (pl ~s) public building or room for gambling and other amusements 赌场; 娱乐场.

cask
[ka:sk; - kAsk; kAsk] n (a) barrel, esp for alcoholic drinks （尤指盛酒精饮料的）桶. (b) amount that it contains 一桶的量.

casket
[5ka:skit; - 'kAskit; 5kAskit] n 1 small (usu decorated) box for holding letters, jewels or other valuable things （收藏信件、 珠宝或其他贵重物品的, 常为有装饰的）小箱. 2 (US) coffin 棺材.

cassava
[kE'sa:vE; kE'savE] n 1 [C] tropical plant with starchy roots 木薯. 2 [U] starch or flour obtained from these roots, used to make tapioca 木薯粉.

casserole
[5kAsErEul; 5kAsE7rol] n (a) [C] covered heat-proof dish in which meat, etc is cooked and then served at table 焙盘（烹饪肉食等的带盖浅锅, 也可上桌）; 沙锅. =>illus at pan 见pan之插图. (b) [C, U] food cooked in a casserole 用焙盘或沙锅烹饪的食物; 焙盘炖菜: * a/some chicken casserole 一份[一些]沙锅鸡. 派生： casserole v [Tn] cook (meat, etc) in a casserole 用焙盘或沙锅烹饪（肉食等）.

cassette
[kE'set; kE'set] n small sealed case containing a reel of film or magnetic tape （盛胶卷或磁带等的）封闭小盒: * [attrib 作定语] a cassette recorder, ie a tape-recorderwith which cassettes are used 盒式录音机.

cassock
[5kAsEk; 5kAsEk] n long (usu black or red) garment worn by certain clergymen and members of a church choir 法衣（某些教士和教会唱诗班成员所穿的长袍, 通常为黑色或红色）.

cast
1[ka:st; - kAst; kAst] v (pt, pp cast) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] throw (sth), esp deliberately or with force 扔; 投; 掷; 抛: * cast a stone 扔石头 * The angler cast his line (into the water). 钓鱼的人把鱼线抛入水中. 2 [Tn] allow (sth) to fall or drop; shed 脱落; 掉: * Snakes cast their skins. 蛇能蜕皮. * The horse cast a shoe, ie One of its shoes came off. 这匹马的一只蹄铁脱落了. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] turn or send (sth) in a particular direction; direct 向某一方向转或送（某物）: * He cast a furtive glance at her. 他偷偷瞥了她一眼. * The tree cast (ie caused there to be) a long shadow (on the grass). 树（在草地上）投下长长的影子. * (fig 比喻) The tragedy cast a shadow on/over their lives, ie made them gloomy and depressed. 这一悲剧在他们的生命中投下了一片阴影（使他们愁闷、 沮丧）. * (fig 比喻) His muddled evidence casts doubt on his reliability as a witness. 他的证词糊里糊涂, 使人对他作为见证人的可靠性产生了怀疑. 4 (a) [Tn] shape (molten metal, etc) by pouring it into a mould 浇铸（熔化的金属等）: * cast bronze 浇铸青铜. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in sth) make (an object) in this way 铸造（某物）: * a statue cast in bronze 青铜铸成的像 * (fig 比喻) The novel is cast in the form of a diary. 这部小说是以日记的形式写的. 5 (a) [I, Tn] choose actors to play parts in (a play, film, etc) 挑选演员扮演（影剧等中的）角色: * We're casting (the play) next week. 我们下星期挑选（话剧）演员. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (as sb); ~ sb (in sth) give sb a part in a play, etc 选派某人扮演戏剧等中的角色: * He was cast as Othello/cast in the role of Othello. 选派他扮演奥赛罗的角色. 6 (idm 习语) cast `anchor lower an anchor 抛锚. cast aspersions (on sb/sth) make damaging or derogatory remarks (about sb/sth) 中伤或诽谤（某人[某事物]）: * How dare you cast aspersions on my wife's character! 你竟敢诽谤我妻子的人格! cast one's bread upon the waters

cast1
(fml or rhet 文或修辞) do good deeds without expecting anything in return 做好事不图回报. cast an eye/one's eye(s) over sb/sth look or examine sb/sth quickly 很快地看或查某人[某事物]: * Would you cast your eye over these calculations to check that they are correct? 你看一下这些计算数字, 检查是否正确, 好吗? cast/shed/throw light on sth => light1. cast/draw lots => lot3. cast one's mind back (to sth) think about the past 回顾; 回想: * She cast her mind back to her wedding-day. 她回顾结婚的那一天. cast one's net wide cover a wide field of supply, activity, inquiry, etc 撒开大网（广泛地供应、 活动、 查询等）: * The company is casting its net wide in its search for a new sales director. 公司撒开大网到处物色新的销售主任. cast pearls before swine (saying 谚) offer beautiful or valuable things to people who cannot appreciate them 明珠暗投. cast a spell on sb/sth put sb/sth under the influence of a magic spell 用符咒迷惑某人[某事物]. cast a/one's `vote give a vote 投票. the die is cast => die3. 7 (phr v) cast about/around for sth try to find or think of sth hurriedly 匆忙寻找或考虑某事物: * He cast about desperately for something tosay. 他搜索枯肠找话说. cast sb/sth aside abandon sb/sth as useless or unwanted; discard sb/sth 抛弃; 排除; 消除; 废除: * She has cast her old friends aside. 她把老朋友都撇在一边. * He cast aside all his inhibitions. 他抛弃了一切禁忌. cast sb away (usu passive 通常用於被动语态) leave sb somewhere as a result of a shipwreck 某人因沉船而流落某处: * be cast away on a desert island （因沉船）被撇在荒岛上. cast sb down (usu passive 通常用於被动语态) cause sb to become depressed 使某人沮丧: * He is not easily cast down. 很少见他情绪低落. Cf 参看 downcast. cast (sth) off (a) untie the ropes holding a boat in position; release (a boat) in this way 解缆; 解缆放（船）.

cast2
(b) (in knitting) remove (stitches) from the needles （指编织毛线等）收（针）. cast sb/sth off abandon or reject sb/sth 抛弃或驳回某人[某事物]: * She's cast off three boy-friends in a month. 她一个月里就甩了叁个男朋友. cast (sth) on (in knitting) put (the first line of stiches) on a needle （指编织毛线等）起（针）. cast sb out (fml 文) (esp passive 尤用於被动语态) drive sb away; expel 把某人赶走; 逐出. Cf 参看 outcast. 派生： casting n 1 [C] object made by casting (cast1 4a) molten metal, etc 铸件. 2 [U] process of choosing actors for a play, film, etc 挑选演员（演话剧、 电影等）: a strange bit of casting 演员选得有些怪. 复合： `castaway n person who has been shipwrecked and left in an isolated place 沉船遇难流落在与外界隔绝之地的人. ,casting `vote vote given (eg by a chairman) to decide an issue when votes on each side are equal 决定票（当各方票数相等时, 由主席所作的决定性投票）. ,cast `iron hard alloy of iron made by casting in a mould 铸铁; 生铁. Cf 参看 wrought iron (wrought). ,cast-`iron adj 1 made of cast iron 铸铁制的; 生铁造的. 2 (fig 比喻) very strong; that cannot be broken 强壮的; 打不破的: He has a ,cast-iron consti`tution. 他的身体是铁打的. * They won't find her guilty. She's got a,cast-iron de`fence. 他们无法给她定罪. 她的答辩无懈可击. `cast-off adj [attrib 作定语] (esp of clothes) no longer wanted; discarded （尤指衣物）不再要的, 被丢弃的: cast-off shoes 被丢弃的鞋 * a cast-off lover 被抛弃的情人. n (usu pl 通常作复数) garment which the original owner will not wear again 原主人不再穿的衣物: He wears his brother's cast-offs. 他穿着他哥哥的旧衣服.

castanets
[7kAstE'nets; 7kAstE'nets] n [pl] pair of shell-shaped pieces of wood or ivory clicked together with the fingers, esp as a rhythmic accompaniment to a Spanish dance 响板（木头或象牙制成的一对贝壳形板, 用手指拍合作响, 尤作西班牙舞蹈的伴奏器）.

caste
[ka:st; kAst] n 1 [C] any of the hereditary Hindu social classes 印度的社会等级: * the lowest caste 最低阶层 * [attrib 作定语] the caste system （印度的）社会等级制度. 2 [C] any exclusive social class 任何排他的社会阶层. 3 [U] social system based on rigid distinctions of birth, rank, wealth, etc 种姓（按照血统、 阶级、 财富等严格区分的社会制度）. 4 (idm 习语) lose caste => lose.

castellated
[5kAstEleitid; 5kAstE7letid] adj having turrets or battlements like a castle （似城堡的）有角楼或城垛的; 有雉堞的.

castigate
[5kAstigeit; 5kAstE7get] n [Tn] (fml 文) scold, criticize or punish (sb) severely 严厉责骂、 批评或惩罚（某人）. > castigation[7ksti'geiFn; 7kAstE'geFEn] n [C, U]

castle
[5ka:sl; - 'kAsl; 5kAsl] 1 large fortified building or group of buildings with thick walls, towers, battlements and sometimes a moat 城堡; 堡垒: * a medieval castle 中世纪的城堡 * Windsor Castle 温莎宫. =>illus 见插图. 2 (also rook) (in chess) any of the four pieces placed in the corner squares of the board at the start of a game （国际象棋的）车. =>illus at chess 见chess之插图. 3 (idm 习语) (build) castles in the `air/in `Spain (have) plans or hopes that are unlikely to be realized; day-dreams 空中楼阁; 白日梦. an English-man's home is his castle => Englishman (English). 派生： castle v [I] (as a single move in chess) move either castle to the square next to the king and the king to the square on the other side of that castle （国际象棋中的一步）用车护王.

castor
(also caster)[5ka:stE(r); - 'kAs-; 5kAstl] n 1 any of the small swivelling wheels fixed to the bottom of a piece of furniture so that it can be moved easily （家具的）小脚轮. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xvi. 2 small container with holes in the top for sprinkling sugar, etc 调味瓶（顶端有小孔, 用以撒糖等）. 复合： ,castor `sugar (also ,caster `sugar) white sugar in fine grains 细白砂糖.

castor oil
[7ka:stEr 'Cil; - 'kAstEr Cil; 5kAstl 7Cil] thick yellowish oil obtained from the seeds of a tropical plant and used as a laxative and a lubricant 蓖麻油.

castrate
[kAs'treit; - 'kAstreit; 5kAstret] v [Tn] remove the testicles of (a male animal or person); geld 割除（雄性动物或男子的） 丸; 阉割; 去势: * A bullock is a castrated bull. 阉牛是去势的公牛. > castration/ k5AstreIFn; kAs`treFEn/ n [U].

casual
[5kAVuEl; 5kAVuEl] adj 1 [esp attrib 尤作定语] happening by chance 偶然的; 碰巧的: * a casual encounter, meeting, visit, etc 邂逅、 不期而遇、 不意的拜访. 2 (a) [esp attrib 尤作定语] made or done without much care or thought; offhand 不经意的; 随便的; 马虎的; 临时的: * a casual remark 漫不经心的话. (b) (derog 贬) showing little concern; nonchalant; irresponsible 漠不关心的; 无动於衷的; 不负责任的: * His attitude to his job is rather casual. 他的工作态度不太认真. (c) [esp attrib 尤作定语] not methodical or thorough; not serious 无条理的; 不彻底的; 不认真的: * a casual inspection 草率的检查 * a casual glance at a book 胡乱看一本书 * a casual observer, reader, etc 马虎的观察者、 读者等. 3 (of clothes) for informal occasions; not formal （衣物）便服的, 非正式的: * casual wear 便装. 4 [attrib 作定语] not permanent; irregular; part-time 非永久的; 不定期的; 部分时间的: * earn one's living by casual labour 靠做短工为生 * a casual labourer 临时工 * casual sex, ie not involving a lasting relationship 萍水相逢的性行为（非持久的关系）. 5 [attrib 作定语] slight; superficial 轻微的; 表面的; 肤浅的: * a casual acquaintance泛泛之交. 派生： casually[5kAVuEli; 5kAVuEli] adv: * meet sb casually 巧遇某人 * casually dressed 穿得随便的 * casually employed 短期雇用的. casualness n [U]. casuals n [pl] informal clothes, esp men's slip-on shoes 便装（尤指男用无带、 扣的鞋）.

casualty
[5kAVuElti; 5kAVuElti] n 1 person who is killed or injured in war or in an accident （战争或事故中的）伤亡者: * Heavy casualties were reported (ie It was reported that many people had been killed) in the fighting. 据报战斗中伤亡惨重（很多人被杀）. * (fig 比喻) Mr Jones was the first casualty of the firm's cut-backs, ie the first to lose his job because of them. 琼斯先生在公司裁员中首当其冲（第一个被裁掉）. * [attrib 作定语] a casualty list 伤亡名单. 2 thing that is lost, damaged or destroyed in an accident 事故中损失的物品: * The cottage was a casualty of the forest fire. 那小屋被森林大火烧毁. 3 (also `casualty ward, `casualty department, US emergency) part of a hospital where people who have been hurt in accidents are taken for urgent treatment 急诊室.

casuistry
[5kAzjuistri; 5kAVuistri] n [U] (fml usu derog 文, 通常作贬义) resolving of moral problems, esp by the use of clever but false reasoning; sophistry 诡辩; 曲解; 诡辩术. 派生： casuist n (fml usu derog 文, 通常作贬义) person who is skilled in casuistry 诡辩家. casuistic[7kAzju'istik; 7kAVu'istik] (also casuistical)[-tikl; -tikl] adj. casuistically[-tikli; -tikli] adv.

casus belli
[7ka:sus 'beli:, 7keisEs 'belai; 5kesEs 'belai] (Latin 拉) act or event which starts a war or is thought to justify starting a war 开战的理由、 原因、 藉口、 行动或事件.

cat
1[kAt; kAt] n 1 [C] small furry domesticated animal often kept as a pet or for catching mice 猫: * We've got three cats and a dog. 我们有叁只猫和一只狗. * [attrib 作定语] `cat food 猫食. =>illus at mouse 见mouse之插图. 2 [C] wild animal related to this 猫科动物: * big `cats, ie lions, tigers, leopards, etc 大的猫科动物（狮、 虎、 豹等） * [attrib 作定语] the cat family 猫科. =>illus 见插图. 3 [C] (derog 贬) malicious woman 狠毒的女人. 4 the cat [sing] = cat-o'-nine-tails. 5 (idm 习语) be the cat's `whiskers/`pyjamas (infml 口) be the best thing, person, idea, etc 了不起的东西、 人、 主意等: * He thinks he's the cat's whiskers, ie has a high opinion of himself. 他自命不凡. a cat-and-dog life a life in which partners are frequently or constantly quarrelling （在一起居住者）经常吵架的生活. a cat in hell's chance (of doing sth) (infml 口) no chance at all 一点儿机会也没有. curiosity killed the cat => curiosity. let the `cat out of the bag reveal a secret carelessly or by mistake （无意中）泄露秘密; 露马脚: I wanted mother's present to be a secret, but my sister let the cat out of the bag. 给母亲的礼物我原想保密, 可是妹妹却露了马脚. like a ,cat on hot `bricks (infml 口) very nervous 非常紧张; 像热锅上的蚂蚁; 如坐针毡: He was like a cat on hot bricks before his driving test. 他面临驾驶考试, 紧张得像热锅上的蚂蚁. no room to swing a cat => room. play cat and mouse/play a cat-and-mouse game with sb (infml 口) keep sb in a state of uncertain expectation, treating him alternately cruelly and kindly 对某人时好时坏、 忽冷忽热. put/set the `cat among the pigeons (infml 口) introduce sb/sth that is likely to cause trouble or disturbance 引来可能招惹是非或麻烦的人或事物: The new vicar's a Marxist that'll set the cat among the pigeons! 新来的牧师是马克思主义者--这下子可要鸡犬不宁了. rain cats and `dogs => rain2. wait for the cat to jump/to see which way the cat jumps => wait1.

cat1
复合： `cat burglar (Brit) burglar who enters houses by climbing up walls, drain-pipes, etc （沿墙壁或水管潜入屋内的）小偷, 飞贼. ,cat-o'-`nine-tails n [sing] whip with nine knotted lashes, formerly used for flogging prisoners 九尾鞭（由九条带纥 的鞭条做的鞭子, 旧时用以抽打囚犯）. ,cat's-`cradle n game in which string is looped round and between the fingers to form patterns 挑 子, 翻绳儿（将细绳绕於手指上做成各种花样的游戏）. `Cat's-eye n (propr 专利名) any one of a line of reflecting studs marking the centre or edge of a road as a guide to traffic when it is dark 猫眼（安置在道路中央或边缘的小反光镜, 组成一线, 於黑暗中指示交通用的）. `cat's-paw n person who is used by sb else to do sth risky or unpleasant 被人利用做冒险或厌恶事情的人.

cataclysm
[5kAtEklizEm; 5kAtE7klizEm] n sudden violentchange or disaster, eg a flood, an earthquake, a revolution or a war 突发的剧烈变动或灾难（如洪水、 地震、 革命或战争）. > cataclysmic[7ktE'klizmik;7kAtE'klizmik] adj: * the cataclysmic events of 1939-45 1939-1945年间的战乱.

catacombs
[5kAtEku:mz; - -kEumz; 5kAtE7komz] n [pl] series of underground tunnels with openings along the sides for burying the dead (as in ancient Rome) 地下墓穴（如古罗马的）.

catafalque
[5kAtEfAlk; 5kAtE7fAlk] n decorated platform on which the coffin of a distinguished person lies before or during a funeral 灵柩台.

catalepsy
[5kAtElepsi; 5kAtE7lepsi] n [U] disease which causes a person to become temporarily unconscious and his body rigid 强直性昏厥; 僵住症. 派生： cataleptic[7kAtE'leptik; 7kAtE'leptik] adj of or suffering from catalepsy 强直性昏厥的; 患僵住症的. n person suffering from catalepsy 僵住症患者.

catalogue
(US also catalog)[5kAtElCg; - -lC:g;'kAtl7Cg] n 1 (book or booklet containing a) complete list of items, usu in a special order and with a description of each 目录; 目录册: * a library catalogue 图书目录 * an exhibition catalogue 展览目录. 2 (fig 比喻) series 系列: * a catalogue of disasters 一连串的灾难. 派生： catalogue v [Tn] list (sth) in a catalogue 将（某事物）编成目录, 列入目录.

catalysis
[kE'tAlEsis; kE'tAlEsis] n [U] process of speeding up a chemical reaction with a catalyst 催化作用; 触媒作用. 派生： catalytic[7kAtE'litik; 7kAtl'itik] adj of or causing catalysis 催化作用的; 起催化作用的.

catalyst
[5kAtElist; 5kAtlist] n 1 substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without itself changing 催化剂; 触媒剂. 2 (fig 比喻) person or thing that causes a change 促使变化的人或事物: * The offer of a new job provided just the catalyst she needed. 这份新工作正是她所需要转变的契机.

catamaran
[7kAtEmE'rAn; 7kAtEmE'rAn] n 1 sailing-boat with two parallel hulls 双体船. =>illus 见插图. 2 raft made of two boats or logs fastened side by side （两只船或木排组成的）筏子.

catapult
[5kAtEpQlt; 5kAtE7pQlt] n 1 (US slingshot) Y-shaped stick with a piece of elastic attached to it, used esp by children for shooting stones 弹弓（尤指儿童玩的）. =>illus 见插图. 2 (in ancient times) machine for throwing heavy stones in war （古时）石弩. 3 apparatus for launching gliders or for launching aircraft from the deck of a ship （使滑翔机或飞行器从轮船甲板上升空的）弹射器. 派生： catapult v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] shoot or launch (sth) from a catapult 用弹弓、 石弩或弹射器射出或弹射（某物）. 2 [Ipr, Tn.pr] (cause sb/sth to) be thrown suddenly and with force （使某物）被猛力掷出: In the crash the driver (was) catapulted through the windscreen. 在事故中司机从挡风玻璃中（被）弹了出来.

cataract
[5kAtErAkt; 5kAtE7rAkt] n 1 large steep waterfall （大而陡的）瀑布. 2 (medical 医) (a) disease in which the lens of the eye becomes cloudy, causing partial or total blindness 白内障. (b) area clouded in this way 白内障的晶状体: * an operation to remove cataracts 白内障（晶状体）摘除手术.

catarrh
[kE'ta:(r); kE'tar] n [U] (a) inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose and throat, causing an increased flow of mucus 卡他; （鼻喉）黏膜炎. (b) mucus forming in this way （鼻喉）黏液: * I've a bad cold and I'm full of catarrh. 我得了重感冒, 总流鼻涕.

catastrophe
[kE'tAstrEfi; kE'tAstrEfi] n sudden great disaster or misfortune 突如其来的大灾难或大灾祸: * The earthquake was a terrible catastrophe. 这次地震是可怕的灾难. > catastrophic[7kAtE'strCfik; 7kAtE'strafik] adj: * a catastrophic failure 灾难性的失败. catastrophically adv.

catcall
[5kAtkC:l; 5kAt7kCl] n shrill whistle expressing disapproval （表示反对的）嘘声: * The Minister's speech was greeted with jeers and catcalls. 这位大臣的讲话遭到嘲笑, 嘘声四起. 派生： catcall v [I] make catcalls 发出嘘声.

catch
1[kAtF; kAtF] v (pt, pp caught/kC:t; kCt] ) 1 (a) [Tn] stop and hold (a moving object) esp in the hands 接住（运动的物体）（尤指用手）: * I threw a ball to her and she caught it. 我把球扔给她, 她接住了. * Our dog likes catching biscuits in its mouth. 我们的狗喜欢用嘴接饼乾. (b) [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sb (out) (in cricket) dismiss (a batsman) by catching the ball he has hit before it touches the ground （板球）在球触地之前接住球而迫使（击球员）出场; 接杀出局. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] capture (sb/sth) after a chase, in a trap, etc; seize and hold 捉住; 抓住; 逮住; 捕获: * catch a thief 捉贼 * Cats catch mice. 猫捉老鼠. * How many fish did you catch? 你捕到多少鱼? * I caught him (ie met him and stopped him) just as he was leaving the building. 他正要离开大楼的时候, 我把他截住了. * catch sb by the arm, throat, scruff of the neck, etc 抓住某人的胳臂、 掐住某人的脖子等. 3 [Ipr, Cn.g] find or discover (sb doing sth); take by surprise 发现或发觉（某人正做某事）; 突然抓住: * I caught her with her fingers in the biscuit tin. 我看见她手指还在饼乾盒里呢. * I caught a boy stealing apples from the garden. 我撞见一个男孩儿偷园里的苹果. * You won't catch me working (ie I would never work) on a Sunday! 你决见不到我在星期日工作! 4 [Tn] be in time for (and get on) (sth) 及时赶到; 赶上: * catch a bus, plane, train, etc 赶上公共汽车、 飞机、 火车等 * catch the post, ie post letters before the box is emptied by the postman 赶上邮局的一班收信时刻（在邮递员将信箱里的信取走之前寄出）. 5 [Tn] (US infml 口) see or hear (sth); attend 看或听（某事物）; 参加: * Let's eat now and maybe we could catch a movie later. 咱们现在就吃, 说不定吃完能赶场电影. 6 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (in/on sth) (cause sth to) become fixed, stuck or entangled in or on sth （使某物）固着、 卡住、 钩住、 缠住、 绊住、 夹住或挂住某物:

catch1
* The lock won't catch, ie cannot be fastened. 这锁锁不上了. * Her dress caught on a nail. 她的衣服让钉子给钩住了. * He caught his thumb in the door. 他的拇指让门夹了. * He caught his foot on a tree root and stumbled. 他一只脚被树根绊住而跌倒了. 7 [Tn] become infected with (an illness) 感染上, 传染上（疾病）: * catch (a) cold 患感冒 * catch 'flu, pneumonia, bronchitis, etc 染上流感、 肺炎、 支气管炎等. 8 [Tn] hear (sth); understand 听见（某事物）; 理解; 了解: * Sorry, I didn't quite catch what you said. 对不起, 我没听清你的话. * I don't catch your meaning. 我不明白你的意思. 9 [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.n] hit (sth) 击中（某物）: * The stone caught him on the side of the head. 那块石头击中他头部的侧面. * She caught him a blow on the chin. 她打了他下巴一拳. 10 [I] begin to burn 烧着; 着火: * These logs are wet: * they won't catch. 这些木头很湿, 点不着. 11 [Tn] reproduce (sth) accurately 精确地再现（某事物）: * The artist has caught her smile perfectly. 艺术家巧妙地捕捉住她的笑容. 12 (idm 习语) be caught/taken short => short2. catch sb `at it = catch sb red-handed. catch sb's at`tention/`eye attract sb's attention 吸引某人的注意: * Try to catch the waiter's eye. 招呼服务员. * A newspaper headline caught his attention. 报纸的大标题引起他的注意. catch one's `breath stop breathing for a moment (because of fear, shock, etc)（因恐惧、 震惊等）一时停止呼吸, 屏息: * He caught his breath in surprise. 他惊奇得屏住了呼吸. catch one's death (of cold) (infml 口) catch a severe cold 患重感冒: * Don't go out without a coat: * you'll catch your death. 别不穿外套出去, 会得重感冒的. catch/take sb's fancy => fancy1. catch `fire begin to burn, esp accidentally 烧着, 着火（尤指意外地）:

catch2
* She was standing too close to the fireplace and her dress caught fire. 她站得离壁炉太近了, 衣服烧着了. catch it (infml 口) be punished or scolded 受罚; 挨骂: * If your father finds you here you'll really catch it! 要是你父亲知道你在这里, 你非挨骂不可! catch sb `napping find sb not paying attention 发现某人精神不集中: * Don't let the boss catch you napping! 别让老板发现你走神儿! catch sb on the wrong `foot catch sb when he is not ready or expecting sth 乘某人不备, 出其不意. catch sb red-`handed discover sb in the act of doing sth wrong or committing a crime 当场发现某人正做坏事或犯罪. catch sight/a glimpse of sb/sth see sb/sth for a moment 一眼瞥见某人[某事物]: * She caught sight of a car in the distance. 她一眼瞥见远处的汽车. * He caught a glimpse of her before she vanished into the crowd. 他看见她一闪就在人群中消失了. catch the `sun become sun-burned 晒焦; 晒黑: * Your back looks sore you've really caught the sun today. 你後背红了--今天真晒坏了. catch/take sb unawares => unawares (unaware). catch sb with his pants/trousers down (infml 口) catch or trap sb when he is unprepared or not being watchful 乘某人措手不及; 乘其不备; 出其不意; 冷不防. the early bird catches the worm => early. set a sprat to catch a mackerel => sprat. set a thief to catch a thief => thief. 13 (phr v) catch at sth = clutch at sth (clutch). ,catch `on (to sth) (infml 口) understand (sth) 理解, 了解, 懂（某事物）: * He is very quick/slow to catch `on. 他理解得很快[很慢]. ,catch `on (with sb) (infml 口) become popular or fashionable 受欢迎; 变得流行: * Mini-skirts first caught on in the 1960's. 超短裙是在六十年代开始流行的. ,catch sb `out show that sb is ignorant or doing sth wrong 显出某人无知或犯错误: * Ask me anything you like you won't catch me out. 你尽管问吧--决问不倒我. ,catch `up (with sb); ,catch sb `up reach (and sometimes overtake) sb who is ahead

catch3
(eg in a race); reach the same stage as sb 赶上（有时超过）某人; 达到与某人相同的境界: * Go on in front. I'll soon catch you up/catch up (with you). 你先走. 我很快就赶上你. * After missing a term through illness he had to work hard to catch up (with the others). 他因病一学期未上课, 得努力赶上（其他同学）. ,catch `up on sth (a) spend extra time doing sth, in order to compensate for having neglected it 用额外时间做某事（以弥补所耽误的时间）: * I've got a lot of work to catch `up on. 我有很多工作得赶着做. (b) acquire information about sth belatedly 事後了解对某事物的情况: * Come over for a chat so we can catch up on each other's news. 来聊聊天, 彼此好通通最近的消息. be ,caught `up in sth be absorbed or involved in sth 被卷入或陷入某事物中: * She was caught up in the anti-nuclear movement. 她投身於反核运动. 派生： catcher n (in baseball) fielder who stands behind the batter （棒球）接球手. =>illus at baseball 见baseball之插图. catching adj (of a disease) infectious （指疾病）传染性的. catchy adj (-ier, -iest) (of a tune) pleasant and easy to remember （指曲调）悦耳易记的. 复合： `catch-all n (esp US) 1 thing for holding many small objects 装零星物品的东西. 2 word, phrase, etc that covers a range of possibilities without describing any of them precisely 笼统的词语. `catch crop crop grown between rows of other crops 间作.

catchment area
[5kAtFmEnt eEriE; 5kAtFmEnt 7eriE] 1 (also catchment basin) area from which rainfall flows into a river, reservoir, etc 集水盆地（雨水由此处流入江河、 水库等）. 2 (also catchment) area from which people are sent to a particular school, hospital, etc 属区（人们由此处被送到某学校、 医院等）: * a school with a large catchment area 有大范围招生区的学校.

catchpenny
[5kAtFpeni; 5kAtF7peni] adj [attrib 作定语] designed to make money 专为赚钱的: * a catchpenny novel, title, device, trick 专为赚钱的小说、 头衔、 装置、 花招.

catchphrase
[5kAtFfreiz; 5kAtF7frez] n well-known phrase first used by, and later associated with, an entertainer, political leader, etc 名言; 警语.

catchword
[5kAtFwE:d; 5kAtF7wEd] n 1 word or phrase placed where it will attract attention, eg above a paragraph in a newspaper article 醒目的字或词语（如报章段落中的小标题）. 2 first or last word of a page in a dictionary, printed above the columns （词典上的）眉题.

catechism
[5kAtEkizEm; 5kAtE7kizEm] n (a) [U] summary of the principles of a religion in the form of questions and answers 教义问答. (b) [C] series of such questions, used for religious instruction 教义问答集.

catechize
[5kAtEkaiz; 5kAtE7kaiz] v [Tn] teach (sb) (esp about religion) by means of questions and answers 用问答教学法教（某人）（尤指宗教内容）.

categorical
[7kAtE'gCrikl; - -gC:r-; 7kAtE'gCrikl] adj (of a statement) unconditional; absolute; explicit（指陈述）无条件的, 绝对的, 明确的: * a categorical denial, refusal, etc 断然的否认、 拒绝等. > categorically[-klI; -klI/ adv.

category
[5kAtEgEri; - -gC:ri; 5kAtE7gCri] n class or group of things in a complete system of grouping 种类; 类别; 范畴: * place things in categories 分门别类. 派生： categorize, -ise[5kAtEgEraiz; 5kAtEgE7raiz] v [Tn] place (sth) in a category 将（某事物）分类.

cater
[5keitE(r); 5ketl] v 1 (a) [I, Ipr] ~ (for sth/sb) provide food and services, esp at social functions 提供饮食及服务（尤指社交方面）: * cater for a party, banquet, etc 为聚会、 宴会等备办食物 * Fifty is a lot of people to cater for! 承办五十人的饮食可够多的! (b) [Tn] (esp US) provide food and services for (a party, banquet, etc) 为（聚会、 宴会等）提供饮食及服务. 2 [Ipr] (a) ~ for sb/sth provide what is needed or desired by sb/sth 由某人[某事物]提供、 迎合: * TV must cater for many different tastes. 电视节目必须迎合各种人的爱好. (b) ~ to sth try to satisfy a particular need or demand 满足某种需要或要求: * newspapers catering to people's love of scandal 迎合人们爱看丑闻消息的报纸. 派生： caterer n 1 person whose job is providing food for large social events 承办酒席的人. 2 owner or manager of a hotel, restaurant, etc （旅馆、 饭店等的）老板, 经理. catering n [U] (trade of) providing food, etc for social events 承办酒席（的行业）: Who did the catering for your son's wedding? 谁承办你儿子婚礼的酒席?

caterpillar
[5kAtEpilE(r); 5kAtl7pill] n 1 larva of a butterfly or moth 毛虫, （蝶或蛾的幼虫）. =>illus at butterfly 见butterfly之插图. 2 (a) (also Cater-pillar track) (propr 专利名) endless belt passing round the wheels of a tractor or tank, enabling it to travel over rough ground 履带. (b) (also Caterpillar tractor, abbr 缩写 cat) tractor fitted with such a belt 履带拖拉机.

caterwaul
[5kAtEwC:l; 5kAtl7wCl] v [I] make a cat's shrill howling cry 发出猫叫春的声音: * Do stop caterwauling, children! 孩子们, 别像猫似的乱叫! 派生： caterwaul n [sing] shrill cry of or like a cat （像）猫叫春的声音.

catfish
[5kAtfiF; 5kAt7fiF] n (pl unchanged 复数不变) large (usu freshwater) fish with whisker-like feelers round its mouth 鲶鱼.

catgut
[5kAtgQt; 5kAt7gQt] n [U] thin strong cord made from the dried intestines of animals and used for the strings of violins, tennis rackets, etc （小提琴、 网球拍等用的）肠线.

Cath
abbr 缩写 = Catholic.

catharsis
[kE'Wa:sis; kE'Warsis] n (pl -ses[-si:z; -siz] ) 1 [C, U] (instance of the) release of strong feelings through the effect of art, esp drama （通过艺术作用, 尤指戏剧）强烈情感的发抒. 2 [U] (medical 医) emptying of the bowels 导泻; 通便. 派生： cathartic/kE'Wa:tik; kE'Wartik] adj causing catharsis; purgative 导泻的; 通便的. n (medical 医) purgative drug 泻药.

cathedral
[kE'Wi:drEl; kE'WidrEl] n main church of a district under the care of a bishop 总教堂; 大教堂: * [attrib 作定语] a cathedral city 有大教堂的城市.

Catherine wheel
[5kAWrin wi:l; 7kAWrin 'hwil] n type of firework that spins when lit 转轮烟火.

catheter
[5kAWitE(r); 5kAWEtl] n (medical 医) thin tube used to drain fluids from the body, esp one that is inserted into the bladder to extract urine 导管; （尤指）导尿管. 派生： catheterize, -ise [Tn] insert a catheter into (sb/sth) 将导管插入（某人[某物]）.

cathode
[5kAWEud; 5kAWod] n negative electrode, by which an electric current leaves a device such as a battery 阴极; 负极. Cf 参看 anode. 复合： ,cathode `ray beam of electrons from the cathode in a vacuum tube 阴极射线. ,cathode `ray tube vacuum tube, eg the picture tube of a TV set, in which cathode rays produce a luminous image on a fluorescent screen 阴极射线管.

Catholic
[5kAWElik; 5kAWElik] adj 1 = Roman Catholic (Roman): * the Catholic Church 天主教会 * a Catholic priest, school 天主教教士、 学校. Cf 参看 Protestant. 2 (also catholic) of or relating to all Christians or the whole Christian Church 天主教的; 与天主教有关的. 派生： Catholic n (abbr 缩写 Cath) member of the Roman Catholic Church 天主教徒: Is she a Catholic or a Protestant? 她是天主教徒还是新教徒? Catholicism/kE'WClEsizEm; kE'WalE7sizEm] n [U] = Roman Catholicism (Roman).

catkin
[5kAtkin; 5kAtkin] n tuft of soft downy flowers hanging from the twigs of such trees as willows or birches 荑花序（垂於柳树或桦树枝头的软毛花穗）.

catmint
[5kAtmint; 5kAt7mint] (also catnip) n [U] aromatic plant with blue flowers whose smell is attractive to cats 猫薄荷; 樟脑草.

catnap
[5kAtnp; 5kAtnAp] n short sleep; doze 小睡; 瞌睡; 盹儿. 派生： catnap v (-pp-) [I] have a catnap 小睡片刻; 打瞌睡; 打盹儿.

catnip
[5kAtnip; 5kAtnip] n [U] = catmint.

catsuit
[5kAtsu:t; 5kAt7sut] n close-fitting garment that covers the body from the neck to the feet （从颈至足全身的）紧身衣.

cattle
[5kAtl; 5kAtl] n [pl v] animals with horns and cloven hoofs such as cows, bulls and bullocks, bred for their milk or meat; oxen 牛（总称）: * a herd of cattle 一群牛 * twenty head of cattle, eg twenty cows 二十头牛 * The prisoners were herded like cattle. 囚犯像牲口一样被赶到一起. * [attrib 作定语] `cattle breeding 饲养牛 * `cattle sheds 牛棚. 复合： `cattle-cake n [U] small blocks of concentrated food fed to cattle 牛饲料. `cattle-grid n (usu metal) grid covering a ditch in a road so that vehicles can pass but not cattle, sheep, etc 拦畜沟栅（通常为金属制的架子, 置於路中的沟上, 车辆可通过而牛羊等无法通过）.

catty
[5kAti; 5kAti] adj (-ier, -iest) (also cattish) malicious; spiteful 恶毒的; 恶意的: * catty remarks 恶毒的话. > cattily adv. cattiness n [U].

catwalk
[5kAtwC:k; 5kAt7wCk] n raised narrow footway along a bridge, over a theatre stage, etc （桥梁、 舞台等的）狭窄的人行道.

Caucasian
[kC:'keiziEn, kC:'keiVn; kC'keVEn] (also Caucasoid[5kC:kEzCid; 5kCkE7sCid] ) adj of or relating to the `white' or light-skinned racial division of mankind 白种人的; 高加索的; 高加索人的. 派生： Caucasian n Caucasian person 白种人; 高加索人.

caucus
[5kC:kEs; 5kCkEs] n [CGp] (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) 1 (meeting of the) parliamentary members of a particular political party or any other legislature 政党或立法机关的议会成员（的会议）. 2 (US) (meeting of the) members or leaders of a particular political party to choose candidates, decide policy, etc 政党的决策干部（的会议）. 3 local organizing committee of a political party, which decides policy, etc 政党的地方决策委员会.

caught
pt, pp of catch1.

caul
[kC:l; kCl] n (anatomy 解) (a) membrane enclosing a foetus in the womb 胎膜. (b) part of this that is sometimes found on a child's head at birth （在幼儿出生时头部有时带有的）部分胎膜.

cauldron
(also caldron)[5kC:ldrEn; 5kCldrEn] n large deep pot for boiling things in 大锅.

cauliflower
[5kCliflauE(r); - 'kC:li-; 5kClE7flaul] n [C, U] type of cabbage with a large dense white head of flowers, eaten as a vegetable 花椰菜; 菜花: * Have some more cauliflower. 再吃点菜花. =>illus at cabbage 见cabbage之插图. 复合： cauliflower `cheese (Brit) cauliflower cooked and served with a cheese sauce 奶酪菜花. cauliflower `ear (Brit) ear that has become swollen after repeated blows, eg in boxing 菜花耳（被反覆殴打而肿胀的耳朵, 如在拳击赛中的）.

caulk
(also esp US calk)[kC:k; kCk] v [Tn] (a) make (esp a boat) watertight by filling the seams or joints with waterproof material （用防水材料填充缝隙或连接处）使（尤指船）不漏水. (b) fill up (esp cracks in wood) with a sticky substance 用黏性物质填塞（尤指木缝）; 泥（缝）.

causal
[kC:zl; 5kCzl] adj 1 of or forming a cause; relating to cause and effect 原因的; 构成原因的; 因果关系的. 2 (grammar) expressing or indicating a cause 表示原因的: * `Because' is a causal conjunction. because一词是表示原因的连接词. 派生： causality/kC:'zAlEti; kC'zAlEti] (also causation) n [U] (a) relationship between cause and effect 因果关系. (b) principle that nothing can happen without a cause 因果性.

causation
[kC:'zeiFn; kC'zeFEn] n [U] 1 the causing or producing of an effect 起因; 原因. 2 = causality (causal).

causative
[5kC:zEtiv; 5kCzEtiv] adj 1 acting as a cause 成为原因的. 2 (grammar) (of words or forms of words) expressing a cause （指词或词形）使役的: * `Blacken' is a causative verb meaning `cause to become black'. blacken是使役动词, 意思是‘使变黑’.

cause
[kC:z; kCz] n 1 [C] that which produces an effect; thing, event, person, etc that makes sth happen 原因; 导致某事物发生的事物、 人等: * What was the cause of the fire? 火灾是怎样引起的? * Smoking is one of the causes of heart disease. 吸烟是引起心脏病的一种病因. * Police are investigating the causes of the explosion. 警方正在调查爆炸的原因. 2 [U] ~ (for sth) reason 理由; 缘故: * There is no cause for anxiety. 不必忧虑. * You have no cause for complaint/no cause to complain. 你没有理由抱怨. * She is never absent from work without good cause. 她决不无故缺勤. =>Usage at reason1 用法见reason1. 3 [C] aim, principle or movement that is strongly defended or supported 极力维护或支持的目标、 原则或运动; 事业: * a good cause, ie one that deserves to be supported, eg a charity 高尚的目标（应为之尽力的目标, 如慈善事业） * He fought for the republican cause in the civil war. 他在内战中为共和事业而战. * Her life was devoted to the cause of justice. 她为正义事业而献身. 4 [C] (law 律) question to be resolved in a court of law 诉讼的问题或事由: * pleading one's cause 辩护; 分辩. 5 (idm 习语) a lost cause => lose2. make common cause with sb => common1. the root cause => root1. 派生： cause v [Tn, Tnt, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (for sb) be the cause of (sth); make happen 造成（某事物）; 使发生: Smoking can cause lung cancer. 吸烟可致肺癌. * What caused the explosion? 爆炸是怎样引起的? * The cold weather caused the plants to die. 天气寒冷冻死了植物. * He caused his parents much unhappiness. 他弄得父母很不愉快. * She's always causing trouble for people. 她总是给人添麻烦. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: The verbs cause, bring about and make indicate how a certain result, situation or event happens *cause、bring about、make均表示某结果、 某情况或某事情是怎样造成或发生的. These verbs are used in a variety of patterns. 这几个动词可用於多种句型. Bring about and cause can be used with a direct object indicating the result *bring about和cause . Bring about is more formal and refers to a less direct cause *bring about较文, 所表示的因果关系不那麽直接: Smoking can cause lung cancer. 吸烟可致肺癌.

cause1
* The war brought about a reduction in the birth-rate. 战争导致出生率下降. Cause can connect the result with the person, etc affected *cause可指所产生的结果与所涉及的人等有关: My car has caused me a lot of trouble. 我的汽车给我带来很多麻烦. * His parents were caused a lot of worry by his laziness. 他很懒惰, 使父母大伤脑筋. Cause and make can be used with ( to +) an infinitive, but not in the passive *cause和make可与（to +）不定式连用, 但不可用於被动语态: The pepper in the food caused me to/made me sneeze. 这食物中的胡椒味儿呛得我直打喷嚏. When make means `compel', it can be used in the passive (with to + infinitive) 当make意为‘迫使’时, 可用於被动语态（与 to+不定式连用）: They made him pay for the damage he had done/He was made to pay for the damage he had done. 那些人叫他赔偿由他造成的损失[他被迫赔偿自己所造成的损失].

causeway
[5kC:zwei; 5kCz7we] n raised road or path, esp across low or wet ground 堤道, 砌道（尤指通过低洼或潮湿地带的）.

caustic
[5kC:stik; 5kCstik] adj 1 that can burn or destroy things by chemical action 腐蚀性的; 苛性的. 2 (fig 比喻) (of comments) sarcastic; cutting （指评论）讽刺的; 挖苦的: * caustic remarks 刻薄话 * a caustic wit 言词尖刻的人. 派生： caustically[-kli; -kli] adv in a caustic(2) way 讽刺地; 挖苦地. 复合： ,caustic `soda = sodium hydroxide (sodium).

cauterize, cauterise
[5kC:tEraiz; 5kCtE7raiz] v [Tn] burn the surface of (body tissue) with a caustic substance or hot iron to destroy infection or stop bleeding （用腐蚀性物质或烙铁）烧灼（表皮组织）以消毒或止血: * cauterize a snake-bite 烧灼蛇咬伤口.

caution
[5kC:Fn; 5kCFEn] n 1 [U] being careful to avoid danger or mistakes; prudence 小心; 谨慎; 慎重: * Proceed with caution. 小心行事. * You should exercise extreme caution when driving in fog. 在雾中开车要极为小心. 2 [C] warning, esp one given to sb who has committed a minor crime, that further action will be taken if he commits it again 警告（尤指某人已犯轻罪, 下不为例）: * let sb off with a caution 给某人一个警告而放过他. 3 [sing] (dated infml 旧, 口) amusing or surprising person 使人发笑或惊奇的人. 4 (idm 习语) throw, fling, etc caution to the winds stop being cautious in one's actions or when deciding what to do 不顾一切; 鲁莽行事. 派生： caution v 1 (a) [Tn, Dn.t] warn (sb) to be careful 提醒或警告（某人）要小心: We were cautioned not to drive too fast. 人家提醒我们车不要开得太快. (b) [Ipr, Tn.pr] ~ (sb) against sth warn or advise (sb) against sth 警告或劝告（某人）防止某事物: I would caution against undue optimism. 我奉劝不要过於乐观. 2 [Tn] give a caution(2) to (sb) 对（某人）给予警告: be cautioned by a judge 受到法官的警告. cautionary[5kC:FEnEri; - 'kC:FEneri; 5kCFEn7eri] adj giving advice or a warning 给予劝告或警告的: * a cautionary tale 警世的故事.

cautious
[5kC:FEs; 5kCFEs] adj ~ (about/of sb/sth) showing or having caution(1); careful 小心的; 谨慎的; 细心的: * a cautious driver 谨慎的司机 * cautious of strangers 提防陌生人 * cautious about spending money 用钱仔细. > cautiously adv. cautiousness n [U].

cavalcade
[7kAvl'keid; 7kAvl'ked] n procession of people on horseback, in cars, etc 骑马、 乘车等的行列.

cavalier
[7kAvE'liE(r); 7kAvE'lir] n 1 Cavalier supporter of Charles I in the English Civil War （英国内战中）拥护查理一世的人, 保皇党党员. Cf 参看 Roundhead (round2). 2 (joc 谑) man escorting a woman （陪伴女子的）护花使者. 派生： cavalier adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] offhand; discourteous 随便的; 不礼貌的: display a cavalier attitude towards the feelings of others 对别人的感情满不在乎 * treat sb in a cavalier manner 慢待某人.

cavalry
[5kAvlri; 5kAvlri] n [CGp] soldiers fighting on horseback (esp formerly) or in armoured vehicles 骑兵（尤指旧时的）; 装甲兵: * [attrib 作定语] a cavalry officer/regiment 装甲兵军官[团]. Cf 参看 infantry.

cave
[keiv; kev] n hollow place in the side of a cliff or hill, or underground 洞穴. 派生： cave v 1 [I] (usu 通常作 go caving) explore caves as a sport 洞穴探险运动: He likes caving. 他喜欢洞穴探险运动. 2 (phr v) cave in fall inwards; collapse 塌陷; 坍方; 坍塌: The roof of the tunnel caved in (on the workmen). 隧道顶坍塌（压住工人）. * (fig 比喻) All opposition to the scheme has caved in. 所有反对这一计划的意见都否定了. 复合： `cave-dweller n = caveman. `cave-in n sudden collapse of a roof, etc （屋顶等）突然坍塌. caveman[5keivmn; 5kev7mAn] n (pl -men[5keivmen; 5kev7men] ) 1 person living in caves, esp in prehistoric times 穴居人（尤指史前时代的）. 2 (infml 口) man of crude or violent feelings and behaviour 野蛮人; 粗野的人.

caveat
[5kAviAt, also 'keiviAt; 5kAvi7At, 'kevi7At] n 1 (fml 文) warning; proviso 警告; 限制性条款: * I recommend the deal, but with certain caveats. 我介绍这笔交易, 但有几项要提请注意. 2 (law 律) procedure for requesting a court to suspend proceedings until the opposition has been heard 中止诉讼的申请.

cavern
[5kAvEn; 5kAvln] n cave, esp a large or dark one 洞穴（尤指大而黑的）. 派生： cavernous adj like a cavern; large and deep 像大洞穴的; 大而深的: cavernous depths 像大洞穴般的深度 * cavernous eyes 深陷的眼睛.

caviare
(also caviar)[5kAvia:(r); 7kAvi'ar] n [U] 1 pickled roe of sturgeon or other large fish, eaten as a delicacy 鱼子酱. 2 (idm 习语) be ,caviare to the `general (dated or joc 旧或谑) be too refined or delicate to be appreciated by ordinary people 过於高雅而不为一般人所欣赏; 阳春白雪.

cavil
[5kAvl; 5kAvl] v (-ll-; US -l-) [I, Ipr] ~ (at sth) (fml 文) make unnecessary complaints (about sth) （对某事物）无端指摘, 挑剔, 吹毛求疵: * He cavilled at being asked to cook his own breakfast. 他嗔怪让他自己做早饭.

cavity
[5kAvEti; 5kAvEti] n empty space within sth solid, eg a hole in a tooth 腔, 洞（如牙齿中的洞）. 复合： ,cavity `wall wall consisting of two separate walls with a space between, designed to give extra insulation 夹壁墙（两道墙中间有空隙, 用以增强绝缘性）.

cavort
[kE'vC:t; kE'vCrt] v [I, Ip] ~ (about/around) jump about excitedly 欢跃; 跳跃: * Stop cavorting around and sit still, just for five minutes! 别欢蹦乱跳的, 坐好了, 就五分钟!

caw
[kC:; kC] n harsh cry of a crow, rook or raven 乌鸦的叫声. 派生： caw v [I] make this cry （乌鸦）叫; 发出乌鸦的叫声; 呱呱地叫.

cayenne
[kei'en; ke'en] n [U] (also ,cayenne `pepper) type of hot red powdered pepper(1), used for seasoning foods 辣椒粉.

cayman
(also caiman)[5keimEn; 5kemEn] n type of S American reptile like an alligator （南美的）大α鱼.

CB
[7si: 'bi:; 7si 'bi] abbr 缩写 = 1 citizens' band: * broadcast a message on CB radio 在无线电民用频带中广播消息. 2 (Brit) Companion (of the Order) of the Bath 最低级巴思爵士.

CBC
[7si: bi: 'si:; 7si bi 'si] abbr 缩写 = Canadian Broadcasting Corporation 加拿大广播公司: * a CBC news programme 加拿大广播公司新闻节目 * listen to (the) CBC 收听加拿大广播公司的广播.

CBE
[7si: bi: 'i:; 7si bi 'i] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Commander (of the Order) of the British Empire 英帝国二等勋位爵士; 英帝国司令勋章: * be (made) a CBE （成）为英帝国二等勋位爵士 * John Adams CBE 英帝国二等勋位爵士约翰．亚当斯. Cf 参看 DBE, KBE, MBE.

CBI
[7si: bi: 'ai:; 7si bi 'ai] abbr 缩写 = Confederation of British Industry 英国工业联合会.

CBS
[7si: bi: 'es; 7si bi 'es] abbr 缩写 = (US) Columbia Broadcasting System 哥伦比亚广播公司: * a CBS news broadcast 哥伦比亚广播公司的新闻广播 * listen to CBS 收听哥伦比亚广播公司的广播.

cc
[7si: 'si:; 7si 'si] abbr 缩写 = 1 (commerce 商) carbon copy (to) 副本（交）: * to Luke Petersen, cc Janet Gold, Marion Ryde 交卢克．彼得森, 副本交珍妮特．戈尔德、 马里恩．赖德. 2 cubic centimetre(s) 立方厘米: * an 850cc engine 850立方厘米的发动机.

Cdr
(also Cmdr) abbr 缩写 = Commander: Cdr (John) Stone （约翰）斯通指挥官.

Cdre
(also Cmdre) abbr 缩写 = Commodore: Cdre (James) Wingfield （詹姆斯）温菲尔德海军准将.

CDT
[7si: di: 'ti:; 7si di 'ti] abbr 缩写 = (US) Central Daylight Time 中部夏令时间.

CE
abbr 缩写 = Church of England 英国国教: a CE junior school 英国国教初级学校. Cf 参看 C of E.

cease
[si:s; sis] v (fml 文) 1 [I, It, Tn, Tg] come or bring (sth) to an end; stop 停止; 中止: * Hostilities (ie Fighting) between the two sides ceased at midnight. 双方在午夜停止敌对行动（战斗）. * The officer ordered his men to cease fire, ie stop shooting. 长官命令士兵停火（停止射击）. * That department has ceased to exist. 那部门已不复存在. * The factory has ceased making bicycles. 那工厂已停止生产自行车了. 2 (idm 习语) wonders will never cease => wonder n. 派生： cease n (idm 习语) without `cease (fml 文) without stopping; continuously 不停地; 不断地. ceaseless adj not stopping; without end; continuous 不停的; 不绝的; 不断的: His ceaseless chatter began to annoy me. 他不停的唠叨使我厌烦起来. ceaselessly adv. 复合： ,cease-`fire n 1 signal to stop firing guns in war 战争中的停火信号: order a cease-fire 命令停火. 2 temporary period of truce 休战: negotiate a cease-fire 谈判休战.

cedar
[5si:dE(r); 5sidl] n (a) [C] tall evergreen coniferous tree 雪松. (b) (also cedarwood[5si:dEwud; sidl7wud] ) [U] its hard red sweet-smelling wood, used for making boxes, furniture, pencils, etc 雪松木材（用以制造箱子、 家具、 铅笔等）: * [attrib 作定语] a ,cedar `chest 雪松木的箱子.

cede
[si:d; sid] v [Tn, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) give up one's rights to or possession of sth 割让, 让予, 放弃（某事物的权利或所有权）: * cede territory to a neighbouring state 把领土割让给邻国.

cedilla
[si'dilE; si'dilE] n mark put under the c () in certain languages (eg French and Portuguese) to show that it is pronounced/s; s] , as in facade 下加符, 尾形符（某些语言中, 如法语和葡萄牙语, 字母c下面的一撇‘c _148_60671 ’, 表示发/s; s/音, 如facade中的）.

ceiling
[5si:liN; 5siliN] n 1 top inner surface of a room 天花板; 顶篷: * Mind you don't bump your head on the low ceiling. 天花板很低, 留神别碰头. 2 cloud level 云幕高度. 3 maximum altitude at which a particular aircraft can normally fly 一航空器所能飞的最高限度; 升限; 上升限度: * an aircraft with a ceiling of 20000 ft 一架能飞20000英尺高的飞机. 4 upper limit 上限: * The government has set a wages and prices ceiling of 10%. 政府规定工资和物价提高的最高限度为10%. 5 (idm 习语) hit the ceiling/roof => hit 1.

celandine
[5selEndain; 5selEn7dain] n small wild plant with yellow flowers 白屈菜.

celebrant
[5selibrEnt; 5selEbrEnt] n priest leading a church service, esp the Eucharist （主持宗教仪式的）教士（尤指主持圣餐者）.

celebrate
[5selibreit; 5selE7bret] v 1 (a) [Tn] mark (a happy or important day, event, etc) with festivities and rejoicing 庆祝; 祝贺: * celebrate Christmas, sb's birthday, a wedding anniversary, etc 庆祝圣诞节、 某人的生日、 结婚纪念日等 * celebrate a victory, success, etc 庆祝胜利、 成功等. (b) [I] enjoy oneself in some way on such an occasion （为庆祝）寻欢作乐: * It's my birthday let's celebrate! eg with alcoholic drink. 今天是我的生日--咱们庆祝一下吧! 2 [Tn] (of a priest) lead (a religious ceremony) （指神父）主持（宗教仪式）: * celebrate Mass/the Eucharist 主持弥撒[圣餐]. 3 [Tn] (fml 文) praise (sb/sth); honour 赞扬, 赞美（某人[某事物]）; 称赞; 歌颂: * Odysseus's heroic exploits are celebrated in `The Odyssey'. 《奥德赛》史诗中歌颂了奥德修斯的丰功伟绩. 派生： celebrated adj ~ (for sth) famous 着名的; 驰名的: a celebrated actress, writer, pianist, etc 着名的女演员、作家、 钢琴家等 * Burgundy is celebrated for its fine wines. 勃艮第以盛产美酒而驰名. celebration[7seli'breiFn; 7selE'breFEn] n [C, U] (act or occasion of) celebrating 庆祝或祝贺（的活动或场合）: * birthday celebrations 生日庆祝会 * a day of celebration 庆祝日.

celebrity
[si'lebrEti; sE'lebrEti] n 1 [C] famous person 名人; 闻人: * celebrities of stage and screen, ie well-known actors and film stars 舞台和影视界名人（着名的演员和电影明星）. 2 [U] being famous; fame 着名; 名望; 名声.

celerity
[si'lerEti; 5sElerEti] n [U] (arch 古) quickness 敏捷; 迅速.

celery
[5selEri; 5selEri] n [U] garden plant with crisp stems that are used in salads or as a vegetable 芹菜: * a bunch/stick/head of celery 一捆[根/棵]芹菜 * [attrib 作定语] celery soup 芹菜汤.

celestial
[si'lestiEl; - -tFl; sE'lestFEl] adj 1 [attrib 作定语] of the sky 天的; 天空的: * celestial bodies, eg the sun and the stars 天体（如太阳和星球）. 2 of heaven; divine 天上的; 神的; 天才的; 非凡的: * (fig 比喻) the celestial beauty of her voice 她歌喉之美如闻天籁. Cf 参看 terrestrial.

celibate
[5selibEt; 5selEbEt] adj 1 remaining unmarried, esp for religious reasons 不结婚的（尤指为宗教原因）. 2 not having sexual relations 没有性关系的. 派生： celibacy[5selibEsi; 5selEbEsi] n [U] (state of) living unmarried, esp for religious reasons 独身生活（的状况）（尤指为宗教原因）: * Catholic priests take a vow of celibacy.天主教神父发誓不结婚. celibate n unmarried person; person not having sexual relations 独身者; 没有性关系的人.

cell
[sel; sel] n 1 very small room, eg for a monk in a monastery or for one or more prisoners in a prison 小房间（如修道院里的密室或狱中的牢房）. 2 compartment in a honeycomb （蜂房的）巢室. 3 device for producing an electric current by chemical action, eg the metal plates in acid inside a battery 电池. 4 microscopic unit of living matter, containing a nucleus 细胞: * Human tissue is made up of cells. 人体的组织是由细胞构成的. * cancer cells 癌细胞. 5 small group of people forming a centre of (esp revolutionary) political activity （尤指革命的）政治活动小组: * a terrorist cell 恐怖分子的小组.

cellar
[5selE(r); 5sell] n 1 underground room for storing things （贮藏东西用的）地下室, 地窖: * a coal cellar 地下煤窖. 2 = wine-cellar (wine).

cello
[5tFelEu; 5tFelo] n (pl ~s) stringed musical instrument like a large violin, held between the knees by a seated player 大提琴. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xi. 派生： cellist[5tFelist; 5tFelist] n person who plays the cello 大提琴演奏者.

Cellophane
[5selEfein; 5selE7fen] n [U] (propr 专利名) thin transparent material made from viscose and used for wrapping things （包装用的）玻璃纸: * [attrib 作定语] cellophane wrapping 玻璃纸包装.

cellular
[5seljulE(r); 5seljEll] adj 1 of or consisting of cells (cell 4)细胞的; 由细胞组成的: * cellular tissue 细胞组织. 2 (of textile materials) loosely woven （指纺织材料）松织的: * cellular blankets 松织的毯子.

celluloid
[5seljulCid; 5seljE7lCid] n [U] 1 plastic made from cellulose nitrate and camphor, used for making many things, eg toys, toilet articles and (formerly) photographic film 赛璐珞. 2 (dated 旧) cinema films 电影片: * [attrib 作定语] the celluloid heroes of one's youth 某人青年时代的电影明星.

cellulose
[5seljulEus; 5seljE7los] n [U] 1 organic substance that forms the main part of all plants and trees and is used in making plastics, paper, etc 纤维素（构成植物主要组成部分的有机化合物, 用以制造塑料、 纸等）. 2 any of various compounds of this used in making paint or lacquer 纤维素的衍生物（用以制造颜料或油漆）.

Celsius
[5selsiEs; 5selsiEs] adj = centigrade: * Boiling point is 100 Celsius. 沸点是100摄氏度.

Celt
[kelt; - selt; selt] n (a) member of an ancient W European people some of whom settled in Britain before the coming of the Romans 凯尔特人（古代西欧人, 其中有些人在罗马人来到之前已定居於不列颠）. (b) one of their descendants, esp in Ireland, Wales, Scotland, Cornwall or Brittany 凯尔特人（尤指爱尔兰、 威尔士、 苏格兰、 康沃尔或布列塔尼的）. 派生： Celtic n, adj (language) of the Celts 凯尔特人的（语言）.

cement
[si'ment; sE'ment] n [U] 1 grey powder, made by burning lime and clay, that sets hard after mixing with water and is used in building to stick bricks together or for making very hard surfaces 水泥. 2 (a) any similar soft substance that sets firm and is used for sticking things together 任何类似水泥的软物质; 胶合剂; 接合剂. Cf 参看 adhesiven, glue. (b) substance for filling holes in teeth （补牙用的）粘固粉. 派生： cement v 1 [Tn] cover (sth) with cement(1) 用水泥铺（某物）. 2 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ A and B (together) join things together (as) with cement （如）用水泥粘合东西: He cemented the bricks into place. 他用水泥砌砖. 3 [Tn] (fig 比喻) establish (sth) firmly; strengthen 将（某事物）结合在一起; 加强; 巩固: cement a friendship 加强友谊.

cemetery
[5semEtri; - 'semEteri; 5semE7teri] n area of land, not a churchyard, used for burying the dead （非教堂的）墓地, 公墓.

cenotaph
[5senEta:f; - -tAf; 5senE7tAf] n monument in memory of people buried elsewhere, esp soldiers killed in war （为葬於别处的死者, 尤指阵亡者, 所立的）纪念碑.

censer
[5sensE(r); 5sensl] n container in which incense is burnt in churches （教堂中的）香炉.

censor
[5sensE(r); 5sensl] n 1 person authorized toexamine books, films, plays, letters, etc and remove partswhich are considered indecent, offensive, politically unacceptable or (esp in war) a threat to security （书籍、 电影、 戏剧、 信件等的）检查员: * the British Board of Film Censors 英国影片审查委员会. 2 (in ancient Rome) official who prepared a register of all citizens and supervised public morals （古罗马负责登记全体市民并监督公众道德行为的）监察官. 派生： censor v [Tn] examine or remove parts from (sth), as a censor （作为检查员）检查或删剪（某物）: the censored version of a film 经过检查的电影版本. censorship n [U] act or policy of censoring books, etc 书籍等的检查或其政策: Strict censorship is enforced in some countries. 某些国家的书刊检查很严.

censorious
[sen'sC:riEs; sen'sCriEs] adj tending to find faults in people or things; severely critical 爱挑剔的; 吹毛求疵的; 苛刻批评的. > censoriously adv. censoriousness n [U].

censure
[5senFE(r); 5senFl] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth) criticize sb severely; rebuke sb formally 严厉批评某人; 正式责备某人: * Two MPs were censured by the Speaker. 有两个议员遭到议长的责备. 派生： censure n [U] strong criticism or condemnation; reprimand 指责; 遣责; 斥责: pass a vote of censure (on sb) 通过（对某人的）不信任投票 * lay oneself open to (ie risk) public censure 给人以责难的口实.

census
[5sensEs; 5sensEs] n (pl ~es) official counting of a country's population or of other classes of things, eg traffic, for statistical purposes 人口统计; 人口调查; 人口普查.

cent
[sent; sent] n (a) one 100th part of a US dollar or of certain other metric units of currency 分（一美元或某些十进制货币单位的百分之一）. (b) (abbrs 缩写 c, ct) coin of this value 分值的硬币. =>App 4 见附录4.

cent(i)-
comb form 构词成分 (forming ns 用以构成名词) 1 hundred 一百: centigrade * centipede. 2 (in the metric system) one hundredth part of （十进制中的）百分之一: centimetre. =>App 11 见附录11.

centaur
[5sentC:(r); 5sentCr] n (in Greek mythology) one of a tribe of creatures with a man's head, arms and upper body on a horse's body and legs （希腊神话中的）半人半马怪（上半身为人下半身为马）.

centenarian
[7senti'neEriEn; 7sentE'neriEn] n, adj (person who is) 100 years old or more 百岁或百岁以上的（人）; 人瑞.

centenary
[sen'ti:nEri; - 'sentEneri; 5sentE7neri] (US also centennial) n 100th anniversary of sth 某事物的第100周年纪念: * The club will celebrate its centenary next year. 该俱乐部明年要庆祝一百周年纪念 * [attrib 作定语] centenary year 一百周年纪念的一年 * centenary celebrations 一百周年纪念庆典.

centennial
[sen'teniEl; sen'teniEl] n (US) = centenary. 派生： centennial adj 1 occurring every 100 years 每100年的. 2 of a centenary 一百周年纪念的. centenniallyadv.

center
[5sentE(r); 5sentl] (US) = centre.

centigrade
[5sentigreid; 5sentE7gred] (also Celsius) adj (abbr 缩写 C) of or using a temperature scale with the freezing-point of water at 0 and the boiling-point at 100 摄氏温度计的: * a centigrade thermometer 摄氏温度计 * 20C means twenty degrees centigrade 20C的意思是二十摄氏度. Cf 参看 Fahrenheit. =>App 4, 5 见附录4、 5.

centigram
(also centigramme)[5sentigrAm; 5sentE-7grAm] n one 100th part of a gram 厘克（百分之一克）. =>App 5 见附录5.

centilitre
(US centiliter)[5sentili:tE(r); 5sentE7litl] n (abbr 缩写 cl) one 100th part of a litre 厘升（百分之一升）.

centime
[5sCnti:m; 5santim] n (a) one 100th part of a franc 生丁（百分之一法郎）. (b) coin of this value 生丁值的硬币.

centimetre
[5sentimi:tE(r); 5sentE7mitl] n (abbr 缩写 cm) one 100th part of a metre 厘米（百分之一米）. =>App 4, 5 见附录4、 5.

centipede
[5sentipi:d; 5sentE7pid] n small crawling insect-like creature with a long thin body, numerous joints and a pair of legs at each joint 蜈蚣; 马陆. =>illus 见插图.

CENTO
(also Cento)[5sentEu; 5sento] abbr 缩写 = Central Treaty Organization (a military and economic alliance of Britain, Iran, Pakistan and Turkey) 中央条约组织（英国、 伊朗、 巴基斯坦、 土耳其的军事和经济联盟）.

central
[5sentrEl; 5sentrEl] adj 1 (a) of, at, near or forming the centre of sth 中心的; 中央的; 在中心的; 形成中心的: * We live in central London. 我们住在伦敦中部. * Our house is very central, ie is in or close to the centre of the town. 我们的房子就在市中心. * the central plains of N America 北美洲的中部平原. (b) easily reached from surrounding areas; convenient 容易从四周到达的; 方便的: * a theatre with a very central location 地处中心的剧场. 2 most important; main; principal 最重要的; 主要的; 首要的: * the central point of an argument 争论的焦点 * the central character in a novel 小说的中心人物 * Reducing inflation is central to (ie a major part of) the government's economic policy. 缩减通货膨胀是政府经济政策的重点. 3 having overall power or control 有全部权力或控制力的: * central government, ie the government of a whole country, as contrasted with local government 中央政府（区别於地方政府） * the central committee, eg of a political party 中央委员会（如一政党的）. 派生：centralism[5sentrElizEm; 5sentrEl7izEm] n [U] principle or system of centralizing 中央集权制; 集中制. centralist n, adj. centralize, -ise[5sentrElaiz;'sentrEl7aiz] v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) come under the control of one central authority （使某事物）归中央管; 实行中央集权制: * Is government becoming too centralized? 政府的权力是否越来越过分集中了? centralization, -isation[7sentrElai'zeiFn; - -li'z-;7sentrElE'zeFEn] n [U]: * the centralization of power 权力的集中. centrally[5sentrEli; 5sentrEli] adv. 复合： ,central `bank national bank that does business with the Government and other banks, and issues currency 中央银行. ,central `heating system for heating a building from one source by circulating hot water or hot air in pipes or by linked radiators 中央暖气系统; 集中供热设备.

central1
central `nervous system part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord 中枢神经系统. ,central `processor part of a computer that controls and co-ordinates the activities of other units and performs the actions specified in the program 中心处理机. ,central reser`vation grass or asphalt strip that separates the two sides of a motorway 中央分车带. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xiii. ,Central `Standard Time (US) (abbr 缩写 CST) standard time used in a zone that includes the central states of the US 中央标准时间.

centre
(US center)[5sentE(r); 5sentl] n 1 [C] point that is equally distant from all sides of sth; middle point or part of sth 中心点; 中心; 中央: * the centre of a circle 圆心 * the centre of London 伦敦市的中心 * a town centre 市中心. =>illus at circle 见circle之插图. 2 [C] point towards which people's interest is directed 使人感兴趣的集中点: * Children like to be the centre of attention. 儿童喜欢引人注意. * The Prime Minister is at the centre of a political row over leaked Cabinet documents. 首相是内阁文件泄密政治纠纷的中心人物. 3 [C] place from which administration is organized 行政机构所在地; 中枢: * a centre of power 权力的核心 * London is a centre of government. 伦敦是政府所在地. 4 [C] place (eg a town or group of buildings) where certain activities or facilities are concentrated 活动集中的地方（如城镇或一群建 物）: * a centre of industry, commerce, the steel trade, etc 工业、 商业、 钢铁贸易等的中心 * a shopping, sports, leisure, community centre 购物、 运动、 娱乐、 社区中心. 5 (esp the centre) [sing, Gp] moderate political position or party, ie one between the extremes of left and right 政治上的中间立场或中间党派: * This country lacks an effective party of the centre. 这个国家缺少一个能起作用的中立党派. * Are her views to the left or right of centre? 她的观点是中间偏左还是偏右? * [attrib 作定语] a centre party 中立的党. 6 [C] (a) (in football, hockey, etc) centre-forward （足球、 曲棍球等）中锋. (b) (in Rugby football) either of two players in the middle of the line of three-quarters （橄榄球）中後卫. 7 [C] (in football, hockey, etc) kick or hit from the side towards the middle of the pitch （足球、 曲棍球等）从一边向球场中央之传球. 8 (idm 习语) left, right and centre => left2. 派生： centre v 1 [Tn] place (sth) in or at the centre 将（某物）放在中央.

centre1
2 [I, Tn] (in football, hockey, etc) kick or hit (the ball) from the side towards the middle of the pitch （足球、 曲棍球等）将（球）传到球场的中央. =>illus at association football 见association football之插图. 3 (phr v) centre (sth) on/upon/round sb/sth have sb/sth as its centre or main concern or theme; be concentrated or concentrate on sb/sth 将某人[某事物]当作中心、 重点或主题; 集中於某人[某事物]: The social life of the village centres round the local sports club. 村民的社交活动都集中在当地的体育俱乐部. * Her research is centred on the social effects of unemployment. 她的研究课题是失业对社会的影响. * Public interest centres on the outcome of next week's by-election. 公众的注意力集中在下周的补选结果上. 复合： `centre-bit n tool for boring holes in wood 叁叉钻头; 中心钻. `centreboard n moveable board that can be raised or lowered through a slot in the keel of a sailing-boat to prevent drifting 中插板（船底中心防止船漂移的垂直升降板）. =>illus at dinghy 见dinghy之插图. `centre-fold n large coloured picture folded to form the middle pages of a newspaper or magazine 中间摺页（报纸或杂志中间的大张彩色夹页）. ,centre-`forward (also centre) n (in football, hockey, etc) player or position in the middle of the forward line （足球、 曲棍球等）中锋或中锋的位置: play (at) centre-forward 担任中锋. ,centre-`half n (in football, hockey, etc) player or position in the middle of the half-back line （足球、 曲棍球等）中前卫或中前卫的位置. ,centre of `gravity point around which the weight of an object is evenly distributed 重心. `centre-piece n (a) ornament for the centre of a table, etc （桌子等的）中心装饰. (b) most important item, eg in a display 最重要的项目（如展览中的）. ,centre `spread two facing middle pages of a newspaper or magazine （报纸或杂志的）中间跨页.

centrifugal
[sen'trifjugl, also 7sentri5fju:gl; sen'trifjugl] adj (a) moving away from the centre or axis 离心的. (b) of or using centrifugal force 离心力的; 用离心力的. 复合： cen,trifugal `force force that appears to cause an object travelling round a centre to fly outwards and away from its circular path 离心力.

centrifuge
[5sentrifju:dV; 5sentrE7fjudV] n rotating machine using centrifugal force to separate substances, eg milk and cream 离心机; 离心分离机.

centripetal
[sen'tripitl, also 7sentri5pi:tl; sen'tripEtl] adj moving towards the centre or axis 向心的; 向轴心的.

centrist
[5sentrist; 5sentrist] n person who holds moderate political views （政治上的）中间派成员. > centrism[-izEm; -izEm] n [U].

centurion
[sen'tjuEriEn; - -'tuEr-; sen'turiEn] n (in ancient Rome) officer commanding a unit of 100 soldiers （古罗马的）百人队队长.

century
[5sentFEri; 5sentFEri] n 1 (a) period of 100 years 100年. (b) (abbr 缩写 c, cent) any of the periods of 100 years before or after the death of Jesus Christ 世纪（指耶稣基督去世以前或以後每100年的期间）: * the 20th century, ie AD 1900-1999 第20世纪（公元1900-1999年） * at the turn of the century, ie when one ends and the next begins 在两个世纪之交（在一个世纪结束, 下一个世纪开始时）. 2 (in cricket) score of 100 runs by one batsman in an innings （板球）（击球员在一局所得的）百分: * make/score a century 得百分 * a double century, ie 200 runs in an innings 双百分（一局得200分）.

ceramic
[si'rAmik; sE'rAmik] adj of or relating to pottery 陶器的; 与陶器有关的. 派生： ceramics n 1 [sing v] art of making and decorating pottery 陶器制法; 陶器工艺. 2 [pl] objects made of clay, porcelain, etc 陶器制品.

cereal
[5siEriEl; 5siriEl] n (a) [C] any of various types of grass producing edible grains, eg wheat, rye, oats, barley 谷类植物. =>illus 见插图. (b) [U] grain produced by such a grass 谷物: * [attrib 作定语] cereal products 谷物产品. (c) [C, U] (any of various types of) food made from the grain of cereals 谷类食物; 麦片粥: * `breakfast cereals 早餐用的谷类食品 * a bowl of cereal 一碗麦片粥.

cerebellum
[seri5belEm; 7serE'belEm] n (pl -la[-lE;-lE] or -lums[-lEmz; -lEmz] ) (anatomy 解) part of the brain that controls voluntary muscle movements 小脑.

cerebral
[5seribrEl; - sE'ri:brEl; sE'ribrEl] adj 1 of the brain 脑的; 大脑的: * a cerebral haemorrhage 脑溢血. 2 intellectual (rather than emotional) 理智的（非感情的）: * His poetry is very cerebral. 他的诗很有理性. 复合： cerebral `palsy disease in which a person's movements become jerky and uncontrolled because of brain damage before or at birth 脑性麻痹. Cf 参看 spastic.

cerebration
[seri5breiFn; 7serE'breFEn] n [U] (fml or rhet or joc 文或修辞或谑) working of the brain; thinking 大脑活动; 思想; 思考.

ceremonial
[7seri5mEuniEl; 7serE'moniEl] adj of, used for or involving a ceremony; formal 礼仪的; 仪式的; 正式的: * ceremonial dress 礼服 * a ceremonial occasion 正式场合. 派生： ceremonial n [C, U] system of rules and procedures for ceremonies or formal occasions 礼仪; 仪式: the ceremonials of religion 宗教仪式 * performed with due ceremonial 按照适当礼仪进行. ceremonially[-niEli; -niEli] adv.

ceremony
[5serimEni; - -mEuni; 5serE7moni] n 1 [C] formal act or series of formal acts performed on a religious or public occasion 典礼; 仪式: * a marriage/wedding ceremony 婚礼. 2 [U] formal display or behaviour; formality 礼节; 礼貌; 礼仪: * There's no need for ceremony between friends. 朋友之间不必拘礼. * The Queen was crowned with much ceremony. 女王加冕礼仪很隆重. 3 (idm 习语) stand on `ceremony behave formally 拘於礼节: * Please don't stand on ceremony (ie Please be natural and relaxed) with me. 请勿拘礼. 派生： ceremonious[7seri5mEuniEs; 7serE'moniEs] adj (a) full of ceremony; very formal 仪式隆重的; 讲究礼仪的. (b) elaborately performed 郑重其事的; 礼节过分的: * He unveiled the picture with a ceremonious gesture. 他郑重其事地为这幅画揭幕. ceremoniously adv.

cerise
[sE'ri:z, sE'ri:s; - -i:z; sE'riz] adj, n [U] (of a) light clear red colour 鲜红色（的）.

CERN
(also Cern)[sE:n; sEn] abbr 缩写 = European Organization for Nuclear Research (French Conseil Europeen pour la Recherche Nucleaire) 欧洲原子核研究组织（源自法文Conseil Europeen pour la Recherche Nucleaire）.

cert
[sE:t; sEt] n (Brit infml 口) thing that is sure to happen, be successful, etc; certainty 必然发生的事情; 确实的事情: * Black Widow is a (dead) cert for (ie is sure to win) the next race. ‘黑寡妇’马下一场比赛赢定了.

certain
[5sE:tn; 5sEtn] adj 1 [pred 作表语] ~ (that...); ~ (to do sth) sure beyond doubt; that can be relied on 无疑; 确定: * It is certain that he will agree/He is certain to agree. 肯定他会同意[他一定同意]. * One thing is certain: * I'm not coming here again. 有一件事可以肯定, 我再也不来了. 2 [pred 作表语] ~ (that...); ~ (of/about sth) positive in one's mind; completely sure 确信; 肯定: * I'm certain (that) she saw me. 我肯定她看见我了. * She saw me: * I'm certain of that. 她看见我了, 这一点我可以肯定. * I'm not certain (of) what she wants. 我不清楚她想要什麽. 3 [attrib 作定语] sure to come, happen or be effective; assured 一定会来到、 发生或生效的; 有把握的: * There is no certain cure for this disease. 这种病没有特效药. * They face certain death unless they can be rescued today. 他们除非今天获救, 否则必死无疑. 4 [attrib 作定语] specific but not named or stated 某（不指明的或不说出的）: * For certain reasons I will be unable to attend the meeting. 因为某种原因, 我不能出席这次会议. * The terrorists will only release their hostages on certain conditions. 恐怖分子只有在某些条件下才释放人质. 5 [attrib 作定语] named but not known 说出姓名但不认识的: * A certain Mr Brown telephoned while you were out. 你出去的时候, 有个叫布朗的先生来过电话. 6 [attrib 作定语] slight; some 稍微的; 一些的; 一点儿的: * There was a certain coldness in her attitude towards me. 她对我的态度有点儿冷淡. * I felt a certain reluctance to tell her the news. 我不太愿意告诉她这个消息. 7 (idm 习语) for `certain without doubt 无疑地; 确定地: * I couldn't say for certain when he'll arrive. 我说不准他什麽时候到. * I don't yet know for certain. 我知道得不确切. make certain (that...) inquire in order to be sure about sth 弄清楚; 弄明白; 弄确实: * I think there's a train at 8.20 but you ought to make certain. 我想8点20分有一班火车, 不过你应该打听清楚. make certain of sth/of doing sth do sth in order to be sure of

certain1
(doing) sth else 采取行动以便确有把握做其他事: * You'd better leave now if you want to make certain of getting there on time. 你要想准时到达那里就最好马上走. 派生： certain pron ~ of... some particular members of (a group of people or things) （人或物中的）某些: Certain of those present had had too much to drink. 有些出席的人喝得太多了. certainly adv 1 without doubt; definitely 无疑地; 确定地: He will certainly die if you don't call a doctor. 你不请大夫来, 他就得死了. Cf 参看 surely. 2 (used in answer to questions 用於回答问题) of course 当然: `May I borrow your pen for a moment?’ `Certainly.’ ‘我可以借用一下你的钢笔吗?’ ‘当然可以.’ * `Do you consider yourself a rude person?’ `Certainly not!’ ‘你认为你是个粗鲁的人吗?’‘当然不是!’ certainty[5sE:tnti; 5sEtnti] n 1 [C] thing that is certain 确定的事情: * England will lose the match that's a certainty! 这场比赛英格兰要输--这是肯定的! * That horse is a certainty, ie is certain to win. 那匹马赢定了（准赢）. 2 [U] state of being certain 确知; 确信; 确实; 必然: * I can't say with any certainty where I shall be next week. 我说不准我下星期在什麽地方. * We can have no certainty of success. 我们没有成功的把握. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Sure and certain are often used in the same way *sure和certain的用法常常是相同的: They're sure/certain to be late. 他们一定迟到. * I'm sure/certain (that) they'll be late. 我肯定他们得迟到. * One thing was sure/certain: they'd be late. 有一件事是确定无疑的, 他们得迟到. * They made sure/certain (that) they weren't late. 他们有把握不迟到. With `it' as an indefinite subject or object only certain can be used *it作不定主语或不定宾语时, 只可用certain与之连用: It was certain/ I thought it certain that they would be late. 肯定[我肯定]他们要迟到. Sure can sound weaker than certain, especially in conversation *sure的语气听起来比certain弱些, 特别是在对话中: I'm sure he'll manage it, ie I think/hope he will. 我确信他能办到（即我认为[希望]他能办到）.

certifiable
[7sE:ti'faibl; 5sEtE7faiEbl] adj that can or should be certified, esp as insane 可证明的, 应证明的（尤指证明为精神病患者）: * He's certifiable, ie mad. 可证明他是精神病患者.

certificate
[sE'tifikEt; sl'tifEkEt] n official written or printed statement that may be used as proof or evidence of certain facts 证（明）书: * a `birth/ `marriage/ `death certificate 出生[结婚/死亡]证书 * an examination certificate, ie proving that sb has passed an examination 及格证明书. 派生： certificated[-keitid; -7ketid] adj having been awarded a certificate; qualified 授予证明书的; 合格的. certification[7sE:tifi'keiFn; 7sEtEfE'keFEn] n [U] action of certifying or state of being certified 证明. 复合： Cer,tificate of ,Secondary Edu`cation (in Britain) former examination in a range of subjects taken by pupils aged 15 and over 中等教育证书（英国年满15岁的学生参加的各科考试）. Cf 参看 General Certificate of Education (general), General Certificate of Secondary Education (general).

certify
[5sE:tifai; 5sEtE7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) 1 [Tn, Tf, Cn.a, Cn.n/a, Cn.t] ~ sb/sth as sth formally declare (sth), esp in writing or on a printed document （尤指书面）证明（某事物）: * a document certifying sb's birth 证明某人出生的文件 * He certified (that) it was his wife's handwriting. 他证明那是他妻子的手迹. * The accused has been certified (as) insane/certified to be insane. 被告有书面证明为精神失常. 2 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] officially declare (sb) to be insane 正式证明（某人）精神失常: * He was certified and sent to a mental hospital. 他经诊断为精神失常而送往精神病院. 复合： ,certified `cheque (US) cheque that is guaranteed by the bank 保付支票（由银行担保的支票）.

certitude
[5sE:titju:d; - -tu:d; 5sEtE7tud] n [U] (fml 文) feeling of certainty; lack of doubt 确信; 确定无疑.

cervix
[5sE:viks; 5sEviks] n (pl cervices[5sE:visi:z;'sEvE7siz] or ~es[-viksiz; -viksiz] ) (anatomy 解) narrow part of the womb where it joins the vagina 子宫颈. =>illus at female 见female之插图. 派生： cervical/sE:'vaikl; - 'sE:vikl; 5sEvikl] adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] of or relating to the cervix 子宫颈的; 与子宫颈有关的: * cervical cancer 子宫颈癌 * a cervical smear, ie one taken from the cervix to test for cancer 子宫颈涂片（取自子宫颈的涂片, 用以检验子宫颈癌）.

Cesarian
(also Cesarean) = caesarean.

cessation
[se'seiFn; se'seFEn] n [U, C] (fml 文) action or act of ceasing; pause 停止; 中止; 中断: * The bombardment continued without cessation. 轰炸持续不断地进行着. * a temporary cessation of hostilities 暂时停战.

cession
[5seFn; 5seFEn] n (fml 文) (a) [U] action of ceding sth, esp land or rights 让与或割让某事物（尤指土地或权利）. (b) [C] thing that is ceded, esp land 被割让的事物（尤指土地）.

cesspit
[5sespit; 5ses7pit] (also cesspool[5sespu:l;'ses7pul] ) n 1 covered pit where liquid waste or sewage is stored temporarily （有盖的）污水坑, 粪坑. 2 (fig 比喻) dirty or corrupt place 污秽的场所: * a cesspool of vice 罪恶的渊薮.

CET
[7si: i: 'ti:; 7si i 'ti] abbr 缩写 = Central European Time 欧洲中部时间.

cf
[7si: 'ef; 7si 'ef] abbr 缩写 = compare (Latin confer) 参看; 试比较（源自拉丁文confer）. Cf 参看 cp.

CFE
[7si: ef 'i:; 7si ef 'i] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) College of Further Education 进修学院.

ch
(also chap) abbr 缩写 = chapter(1): the Gospel of St John ch 9 v 4 《圣约翰福音》第9章第4节.

cha
cha

Chablis
[5FAbli:; FA'bli] n [U] dry white wine from E France 沙布利白葡萄酒（产自法国东部的无甜味白葡萄酒）.

chafe
[tFeif; tFef] v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (at/under sth) become irritated or impatient (because of sth) （因某事物）恼怒或不耐烦: * The passengers sat chafing at the long delay. 乘客们因长时间的耽搁而坐得很不耐烦. * chafe under an illness 因病而烦躁. 2 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become sore by rubbing （使某物）因摩擦而疼痛: * Her skin chafes easily. 她的皮肤一擦就疼. * His shirt collar chafed his neck. 他的衬衫领口把脖子摩疼了. * chafed hands 摩疼的手. 3 [Tn] warm (sth) by rubbing, esp with the hands 摩擦（某物）而生热（尤指手）: * chafe a baby's feet 擦热婴儿的脚. 派生： chafe n sore place on the skin caused by rubbing （皮肤受摩擦的）疼处.

chaff
1[tFa:f; - tFAf; tFAf] n [U] 1 outer covering of corn, etc, separated from the grain by threshing or winnowing 谷物的皮谷. Cf 参看 husk. 2 hay or straw cut up as food for cattle （切碎作饲料用的）乾草, 草料. 3 (idm 习语) separate the wheat from the chaff => separate2.

chaffinch
[5tFAfintF; 5tFAfintF] n common type of European finch 苍头燕雀. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page iv.

chafing
dish

chagrin
[5FAgrin; - FE'gri:n; FE'grin] n [U] feeling of disappointment or annoyance (at having failed, made a mistake, etc) （因失败、 犯错等）失望, 灰心, 懊恼: * Much to his chagrin, he came last in the race. 他因跑个倒数第一而垂头丧气. 派生： chagrin v [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] affect (sb) with chagrin 使（某人）懊恼, 悔恨: be/feel chagrined at/by sth 对[因]某事物而[感到]懊恼.

chain
[tFein; tFen] n 1 (a) [C, U] (length of) connected metal links or rings, used for hauling or supporting weights or for fastening or restraining things 链子; 链条: * keep a dog on a chain 用链子把狗拴住 * pull the chain, ie to flush the toilet 拉链子（冲抽水马桶） * Remember to put the chain on the door when you lock it. 锁门时别忘挂防盗链. * a length of chain 一截链条. (b) [C] length or loop of chain used for a specific purpose （有某种用途的）一截或一圈链条: * a bicycle chain, ie for transmitting power from the pedals to the wheels 自行车链条 * The mayor wore her chain of office round her neck. 市长戴带着象徵她官职的项链儿. * She wore a locket hanging on a silver chain. 她戴着银项链儿, 坠着个挂盒. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xiii. =>illus 见插图. 2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] (fig 比喻) thing that confines or restrains 束缚或限制的事物: * the chains of poverty 贫困的桎梏. 3 [C] series of connected things 一系列的事物: * a chain of mountains/a mountain chain 连绵的山[山脉] * a chain of circumstances, events, ideas 一系列的情况、 事件、 意见. 4 [C] group of shops or hotels owned by the same company 同一公司所属的商店或旅店; 联号: * a chain of supermarkets/a supermarket chain 超级市场联号. 5 [C] (formerly) unit of length (66 feet) for measuring land （旧时）测链（测量土地的长度单位, 等於66英尺）. =>App 5 见附录5. 6 (idm 习语) in chains (a) (of a prisoner) bound with chains （指囚犯）用链锁住的. (b) not free; kept as a prisoner 不自由; 被囚禁. 派生： chain v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sb/sth (to sb/sth); ~ sb/sth (up) fasten or confine sb/sth with or as if with a chain 用链子或像用链子一样拴住或束缚住某人[某事物]: prisoners chained to a wall, each other 用链子锁在墙上、 互相锁住的囚犯 * chain (up) a dog for the night 晚上用链子把狗拴起来

chain1
* (fig 比喻) Too many women feel chained to the kitchen sink, ie feel that they spend all their time doing housework. 很多妇女觉得自己被拴了在厨房的洗涤槽上. 复合： `chain-gang n (US) group of prisoners chained together or forced to work in chains 用链子拴在一起的囚犯. `chain-letter n letter sent to several people each of whom is asked to make copies of it and send them to other people who will do the same 连锁信（寄给数人的信, 要求每个收信人复制数份再分寄给他人, 如此延续下去）. `chain-mail n [U] armour made of metal rings linked together 锁子甲. ,chain re`action (a) chemical change forming products which themselves cause more changes so that new compounds are produced 连锁反应. (b) series of events each of which causes the next 连锁式反应的一系列事件: The Government fear the strike may produce a chain reaction in other industries. 政府害怕罢工可能在其他行业产生连锁反应. `chain-saw n saw with teeth set on an endless chain and driven by a motor 链锯. `chain-smoke v [I, Tn] smoke (cigarettes or cigars) continuously, esp by lighting each from the one just smoked 一枝接一枝不断地吸（香烟或雪茄）. `chain-smoker n. `chain-stitch n (a) [U] (in crochet or embroidery) type of sewing in which each stitch makes a loop through which the next stitch is taken （钩针或刺绣织品的）链状工艺. (b) [C] stitch made in this way 链状针脚. `chain-store n any of a series of similar shops owned by the same company 联号（同一公司所属的一系列类似商店之一）.

chaise longue
[7Feiz 'lCN; - 'lC:N; 5Fez 'lCN] (pl chaises longues[7Feiz 'lCN; - 'lC:N; 5Fez 'lCN] ) (French 法) low chair with a long seat on which the person sitting can stretch out his legs 躺椅.

chalet
[5FAlei; FA'le] n 1 (esp in Switzerland) type of mountain hut or cottage built of wood and with an overhanging roof （尤指瑞士山区的）小木屋. =>illus 见插图. 2 house built in a similar style （类似这种形式的）房屋. 3 small hut in a holiday camp, etc （度假等用的）小屋.

chalice
[5tFAlis; 5tFAlis] n large cup for holding wine, esp one from which consecrated wine is drunk at the Eucharist 大酒杯; （尤指）圣餐杯. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page viii.

chalk
[tFC:k; tFCk] n 1 [U] type of soft white rock used for burning to make lime 白垩: * [attrib 作定语] the chalk downs of southern England 英格兰南部的白垩质高地. 2 (a) [U] this or a similar substance made into white or coloured sticks for writing or drawing on blackboards 制造白色或彩色粉笔的白垩或类似的物质: * a stick of chalk 一枝粉笔 * a picture drawn in chalk 粉笔画 * a teacher with chalk on his jacket 外衣上有粉笔末的教师 * [attrib 作定语] chalk dust 粉笔末. (b) [C] one of these sticks 粉笔: * (a box of) coloured chalks （一盒）彩色粉笔. 3 (idm 习语) different as chalk and/from cheese => different. not by a long chalk/shot => long1. 派生： chalk v 1 [I, Tn] write, draw or mark (sth) with chalk 用粉笔写、 画、 涂（某物）. 2 (phr v) chalk sth out draw (the outline of sth) with chalk 用粉笔画（某物的轮廓）: The boys chalked out goalposts on the playground wall. 男孩子们在运动场的墙上用粉笔画上了球门柱. chalk sth up (infml 口) (a) write sth with chalk, esp on a blackboard （尤指在黑板上）用粉笔写: chalk up one's score, eg when playing darts 用粉笔写出自己得的分数（如玩投镖游戏时）. (b) achieve or register (a success) 获得或取得（成功）: The team has chalked up its fifth win in a row. 这队一连五次取得胜利. chalk sth up (to sb/sth) give credit (to sb or sb's account) for sth, esp drinks, etc bought in a pub （尤指在小酒店买饮品等）记（某人的帐）: Chalk this round up to me, please, barman. 服务员, 请把这些人的费用记在我的帐上. chalky adj (-ier, -iest) of or like chalk 白垩的; 似白垩的. chalkiness n [U]. 复合： `chalkboard n = blackboard (black1).

challenge
1[5tFAlindV; 5tFAlindV] n 1 ~ (to sb) (to do sth) invitation or call (to sb) to take part in a game, contest, fight etc to prove who is better, stronger, more able, etc 约请或要（某人）参加比赛、 竞赛、 战斗等以证明谁更好、 更强、 更能干等; 邀请比赛; 挑战: * issue/accept a challenge 发出[接受]挑战. 2 order given by a sentry to stop and say who one is 哨兵发出的止步命令, 并问来者是谁: * The sentry gave the challenge, `Who goes there?’ 哨兵查问: * 谁在那儿? 3 ~ (to sth) statement or action which questions or disputes (sth) 对（某事物）表示怀疑或争论的言论或行为异议; 质问; 怀疑: * a serious challenge to the Prime Minister's authority 对首相的权威性郑重提出的异议. 4 difficult, demanding or stimulating task 艰巨的、 高难度的或有激励性的任务: * She likes her job to be a challenge. 她喜欢艰巨的工作. * Reducing the gap between rich and poor is one of the main challenges facing the government. 缩小贫富之间的差距是政府面临的主要难题之一. 5 formal objection, eg to a member of a jury 正式的反对（如反对陪审团的一个成员）.

chamber
[5tFeimbE(r); 5tFembl] n 1 [C] (formerly) room, esp a bedroom （旧时）房间, （尤指）寝室. 2 chambers [pl] (a) judge's room for hearing cases that do not need to be taken into court 法官的办公室（用以审理不需要提出诉讼的案件）. (b) (Brit) set of rooms in a larger building, esp the offices in the Inns of Court used by barristers for interviewing clients, etc 大建 物中的成套房间; （尤指法律协会的）办公室（讼务律师用以接待委托人等的）. 3 [C, CGp] (hall used by an) administrative or legislative assembly, eg one of the houses of a parliament 行政或立法机构（用的大厅）（如议会的会议厅）: * The members left the council chamber. 议员们离开了会议厅. * the Upper/Lower Chamber, eg (in Britain) the House of Lords/Commons 上[下]议院（如英国的上[下]议院）. 4 [C] (a) enclosed space or cavity in the body of an animal, in a plant or in some kinds of machinery （动植物体内或某些机器中封闭的）洞穴, 腔, 室: * the chambers of the heart, ie the auricle and the ventricle 心腔（心房与心室） * a combustion chamber 燃烧室. =>illus at piston 见piston之插图. (b) enclosed space under the ground 地下的封闭空间; 洞穴: * The cavers discovered a vast underground chamber. 探穴人发现了一个地下大洞穴. 5 [C] part of a gun that holds the bullets 枪膛; 炮膛. 复合： `chamber concert concert of chamber music 室内乐音乐会. `chambermaid n woman whose job is cleaning and tidying bedrooms, usu in a hotel 以打扫和整理卧室为工作的妇女（通常指旅馆中的）; 女服务员; 女侍. `chamber music music written for a small group of players (eg a string quartet) 为小乐队演奏谱写的乐曲（如弦乐四重奏）; 室内乐. ,chamber of `commerce group of businessmen organized to promote local commercial interests 商会. ,chamber of `horrors place full of horrifying things, eg the room of criminals in Madame Tussaud's waxworks 充满恐怖事物的地方（如图索德夫人蜡像馆中的罪犯塑像室）.

chamber1
`chamber orchestra small orchestra, esp one that performs baroque and early classical music 室内乐队（尤指表演巴罗克风格的作品和早期经典乐曲的小乐队）. `chamber-pot n pottery vessel for urine, used in bedrooms 尿壶; 尿盆; 尿桶.

chamberlain
[5tFeimbElin; 5tFembllin] n (formerly) official who managed the household of a monarch or nobleman （旧时）管理君主或贵族家务的人员; 管家.

chameleon
[kE'mi:liEn; kE'miliEn] n 1 any of various types of small lizard that can change colour according to its surroundings 避役（能变色的小蜥蜴）; 变色龙. 2 (fig 比喻) person who changes his behaviour or opinions to suit the situation 改变行为或看法以适应情况的人.

chamois
[5FAmwa:; - 'FAmi; 5FAmi] n (pl unchanged 复数不变) type of small antelope living in the mountains of Europe and Asia （欧洲和亚洲山区的）小羚羊. 复合： `chamois-leather (also shammy-leather[5FmileTE(r); 5FAmi 'leTl] , `shammy) n (a) [U] soft leather made from the skin of goats, sheep, deer, etc （由山羊、 绵羊、 鹿等的皮制成的）软皮革. (b) [C] piece of this 软皮革: * polish the car with a shammy 用软皮擦汽车.

chamomile
= camomile.

champ
1[tFAmp; tFAmp] v 1 [I, Tn] (esp of horses) chew (food) noisily （尤指马）大声嚼（食物）. 2 [Ipr, Tn] ~ (at/on) sth (of horses) bite at sth nervously or impatiently （指马）急躁地或不耐烦地咬某物: * horses champing at the bit 咬着嚼子的马. 3 [I, Ipr, It] ~ (at sth) (used esp in the continuous tenses 尤用於进行时态) be eager or impatient, esp to begin sth 急切或不耐烦（尤指开始做某事物）: * He was champing with rage at the delay. 他对这一延误着急上火. * The boys were champing to start. 男孩儿们恨不得马上就出发. 4 (idm 习语) ,champ at the `bit (infml 口) be restlessly impatient to start doing sth 迫不及待要做某事.

champagne
[FAm'pein; FAm'pen] n 1 [C, U] (any of various types of) sparkling white wine from E France 香槟酒: * a ,glass of cham`pagne 一杯香槟酒 * [attrib 作定语] ,champagne `cocktails 香槟鸡尾酒. 2 [U] colour of this; pale straw colour 香槟酒的颜色; 淡草色; 淡黄色.

champion
[5tFAmpiEn; 5tFAmpiEn] n 1 person, team, animal or plant that has defeated or excelled all others in a competition 冠军; 优胜者: * a chess champion 国际象棋冠军 * The English football team were world champions in 1966. 英格兰足球队是1966年的世界冠军. * the heavyweight (boxing) champion of the world 重量级（拳击）世界冠军 * [attrib 作定语] a champion swimmer, horse, marrow 优胜的游泳运动员、 马、 西葫芦. 2 person who fights, argues or speaks in support of another or of a cause(3) 支持他人或某一事业而进行战斗、 辩护或解释说明的人; 斗士; 拥护者: * a champion of the poor/of women's rights 穷苦人的[妇女权利的]卫士. 派生： champion v [Tn] support the cause of (sb/sth); defend vigorously 支持（某人[某事物]）的事业; 维护; 卫护: champion the cause of gay rights 维护同性恋权利. championship n 1 [C often pl 常作复数] contest to decide who is the champion 锦标赛: win the world championship 赢得世界冠军 * The European championships are being held in Rome. 欧洲锦标赛正在罗马举行. * [attrib 作定语] a championship medal 冠军奖章. 2 [C] position of being a champion 冠军地位: The championship is ours. 冠军是我们的. =>Usage at sport 用法见sport. 3 [U] vigorous support 有力的支持: her championship of our cause 她对我们事业的有力支持.

chance
1[tFa:ns; - tFAns; tFAns] n 1 [U] way in which things happen without any cause that can be seen or understood; luck; fortune 无任何可见到的或可了解的原因而发生的情况; 机会; 运气: * Chance plays a big part in many board games. 在许多棋类游戏中, 大多靠碰运气取胜. * It was (pure) chance our meeting in Paris/that we met in Paris. 我们在巴黎相遇（纯）属巧合. * trust to chance 凭机会; 碰运气 * leave nothing to chance, ie take great care in planning sth to reduce the chance of bad luck 不靠运气（极仔细地计划某事物以减少不利的可能性） * a game of chance, ie one decided by luck, not skill 靠碰运气的游戏 * [attrib 作定语] a chance meeting, encounter, occurrence, happening, etc 巧遇、 偶然相遇、 偶发事件、 偶然发生的事. 2 ~ of (doing) sth/to do sth/that... [C, U] possibility; likelihood 可能性: * Is there any chance of getting tickets for tonight's performance? 有可能得到今晚演出的票吗? * What are the chances of his coming? 他来的可能性有多大? * She has a good chance/no chance/not much chance/only a slim chance of winning. 她大有希望[没有可能/没什麽希望/只有些微的可能]获胜. * What chance of success do we have? 我们成功的把握有多大? * There's a faint chance that you'll find him at home. 在他家里找到他的可能性很小. 3 [C] ~ (of doing sth/to do sth) occasion when success seems very probable; opportunity 很有可能成功的时机; 机会: * It was the chance she had been waiting for. 这就是她一直等待的机会. * You won't get another chance of going there. 你没有再到那里去的机会了. * Please give me a chance to explain. 请给我个机会让我解释一下. * You'd be a fool to ignore a chance like that. 你放弃掉那样的机会可太蠢了. * This is your big chance! ie your best opportunity of success. 这是你的大好机会! =>Usage at opportunity 用法见opportunity. 4 [C] risk; gamble 冒险; 赌博:

chance1
* This road may not be the one we want but that's a chance we're going to have to take. 我们要走的并不是这条路--但我们还是要冒险试一试. 5 [C] unplanned event, esp a lucky one; accident 意外事件; （尤指）机会; 机遇: * By a happy chance a policeman was passing as I was attacked. 在我受到攻击时, 幸好有个警察经过. 6 (idm 习语) as ,chance would `have it by coincidence; as it happens 凑巧; 碰巧: * As chance would have it he was going to London as well and was able to give me a lift. 赶巧他也去伦敦, 所以能载我一程. by `any chance perhaps; possibly 或许; 可能: * Would you by any chance have change for 5? 你能找换5英镑的零钱吗? by `chance by accident; accidentally; unintentionally 偶然地; 意外地; 非有意地: * I met her quite by chance. 我遇见她完全是偶然的. a cat in hell's chance => cat1. `chance would be a fine thing (infml 口) I would like to do sth but will never have an opportunity to do it 愿作某事但永远没有机会去作. the chances are (that)... (infml 口) it is likely that... 很可能...: * The chances are that she'll be coming. 很可能她要来. an even chance => even1. even chances/odds/money => even1. a fighting chance => fight1. give sb/sth half a `chance give sb/sth some opportunity of being or doing sth 给某人[某事物]一些机会去成为或去做某事物: * She's keen and I'm sure she'll succeed given half a chance. 她聪明机智, 只要有点儿机会我肯定她会成功. have an eye for/on/to the main chance => eye1. no chance (infml 口) there is no possibility of that 没有可能; 没有希望. not have a chance/hope in hell => hell. on the (off) chance (of doing sth/that...) in the hope of sth happening, although it is unlikely 希望某事发生（虽然可能性不大）; 抱（一线）希望: * I didn't think you'd be at home, but I just called on the `off chance. 我想你不会在家的, 只是抱着一线希望给你打个电话. a sporting chance => sporting. stand a chance (of sth/of doing sth) have a chance of (achieving) sth 有（完成）某事物的希望; 有达到某目的的机会:

chance2
* He stands a (good/fair) chance of passing the examination. 他考试及格（大[很]）有希望. take a `chance (on sth) attempt to do sth, in spite of the possibility of failure; take a risk 试图做成某事物（虽然有失败的可能性）; 冒险; 碰运气. take `chances behave riskily 冒险: * You should never take chances when driving a car. 开车时决不应冒险. take one's `chance profit as much as one can from one's opportunities 从自己的机遇中尽量取得利益.

chancel
[5tFa:nsl; - 'tFAnsl; 5tFAnsl] n part of a church near the altar, used by the priests and the choir 圣坛（教堂中靠近祭坛部分, 供牧师和唱诗班用）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page viii.

chancellery
[5tFa:nsElEri; - 'tFAns-; 5tFAnsElEri] n 1 [C] position, department or official residence of a chancellor 大臣的职位、 部门或官邸. 2 [Gp] staff in a chancellor's department 大臣部门中的全体工作人员. 3 [C] office where business is done in an embassy or a consulate 大使馆或领事馆的办事处.

chancellor
[5tFa:nsElE(r); - 'tFAns-; 5tFAnsEll] n 1 head of government in Austria etc （奥地利等国的）总理, 首相. 2 (Brit) honorary head of some universities （某些大学的）名誉校长: * chancellor of London University 伦敦大学的名誉校长. 3 State or law official of various kinds 政府的或司法的各类官员: * the Lord Chancellor, ie the highest judge (and chairman of the House of Lords) 大法官（及上议院议长）. 复合： ,Chancellor of the Ex`chequer (Brit) cabinet minister responsible for finance 财政大臣.

chancery
[5tFa:nsEri; - 'tFAnsEri; 5tFAnsEri] n 1 (Brit) Lord Chancellor's division of the High Court of Justice 高等法院的大法官法院. 2 (US) court that settles cases according to general principles of justice and fairness not covered by the law; court of equity 衡平法院（以正义公平即衡平为总原则, 审理不属普通法范围的案件的法院）. 3 office where public records are kept 档案馆; 档案室. 4 (idm 习语) ward in chancery => ward.

chancy
[5tFa:nsi; 5tFAnsi] adj (-ier, -iest) risky; uncertain 冒险的; 不确定的: * a chancy business 冒险的生意. > chancily adj.

chandelier
[7FAndE'liE(r); 7FAndl'ir] n ornamental hanging light with branches for several bulbs or candles 枝形吊灯（有分枝的装饰吊灯, 可装几盏灯或蜡烛）.

chandler
[5tFa:ndlE(r); - 'tFAnd-; 5tFAndll] n (also ship's chandler) dealer in ropes, canvas and other supplies for ships 船用杂货商（经售绳索、 帆布及其他船用物品的商人）.

change
1[tFeindV; tFendV] v 1 [I, Tn] (cause sb/sth to) become different; alter （使某人[某事物]）变; 改变: * You've changed a lot since I last saw you. 自从我上次见到你以来, 你改变了很多. * Our plans have changed. 我们的计划已经改变了. * change one's attitude, ideas, opinion, etc 改变态度、 主意、 意见等 * an event which changed the course of history 改变历史进程的事件. =>Usage 见所附用法. 2 (a) [Ipr, Tn.pr] ~ (sb/sth) (from sth) to/into sth (cause sb/sth to) pass from one form to another （使某人[某事物]）改变形式: * Caterpillars change into butterflies or moths. 毛虫能变成蝴蝶或蛾子. * The witch changed the prince into a frog. 巫婆把王子变成了青蛙. (b) [I, Ipr, Tn.pr] ~ (sb/sth) (from A) (to/into B) (cause sb/sth to) pass from one stage to another （使某人[某事物]）进入另一阶段: * The traffic lights have changed (from red to green). 交通灯由红灯变绿灯了. * Britain changed to a metric system of currency in 1970. 1970年英国已改用公制货币. 3 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (for sb/sth) take or use another instead of sb/sth; replace sb/sth with another 替换或代替某人[某事物]: * change one's doctor 另找一位医生看病 * change one's job 换一份工作 * change one's address, ie move to a new home 更改地址 * change a light bulb 换个灯泡 * change gear, ie engage a different gear in a car, etc in order to travel at a higher or lower speed 换挡（汽车等换另一排挡, 以加速或减速行车） * I must change these trousers (ie put on a clean pair) they've got oil on them. 我必须换换裤子（换一条乾净的）--上面弄上油了. * I'm thinking of changing my car for a bigger one. 我正在考虑换辆大汽车. (b) [Tn] move from one (thing, direction, etc) to another; switch 转换, 转变（事物、 方向等）: * change sides, eg in a war, debate, etc 转变立场（如在战争、 辩论中等）

change1
* The ship changed course, ie began to travel in a different direction. 轮船改变了航向. * The wind has changed direction. 风向变了. (c) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sb) (used with a pl object 与复数宾语连用) (of two people) exchange (positions, places, etc) （指两人）交换（位置、 地方等）: * Can we change seats?/Can I change seats with you? 咱们可以换换座位吗? [我可以和你换个座位吗?] (d) [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (from sth to sth) go from one (train, bus, etc) to another 换乘（火车、 公共汽车等）: * Change (trains) at Crewe for Stockport. 在克鲁换（火）车到斯托克波特去. * This is where we change from car to bus. 这就是我们从小汽车换乘公共汽车的地方. * All change! ie This train stops here; everyone must leave it. 所有乘客全部换车! （本次列车已到终点站, 所有乘客均须下车.） (e) [Tn] put different clothes or covering on (sb/sth) 给（某人[某物]）换上衣服或覆盖物: * change (ie put a clean nappy on) the baby 给婴儿换尿布 * change (ie put clean sheets on) the beds 换床单. 4 [I, Ipr] ~ (out of sth) (into sth) take off one's clothes and put others on 换衣服; 更衣: * go upstairs to change 到楼上换衣服 * change (ie into more formal clothes) for dinner 换上宴会服 * Go and change out of those damp clothes into something dry. 去把湿衣服脱掉换上乾的. 5 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (for/into sth) give or receive (money) in exchange for the equivalent sum in coins or notes of smaller value or in a different currency 兑换（钱）: * Can you change a five-pound note? 你能换开五英镑的票子吗? * I need to change my dollars into francs. 我需要把美金换成法郎. 6 (idm 习语) change `hands pass into another person's possession 归另一人所有; 转手: * The house has changed hands several times recently. 这房子最近几经转手. change/swap horses in midstream => horse. change one's/sb's `mind alter one's decision or opinion 改变决定或意见:

change2
* Nothing will make me change my mind. 任何事情都不能使我改变主意. change `places (with sb) (of two people, groups, etc) exchange positions, seats, etc （指两人、 组等）交换地位、 座位等: * Let me change places with you/Let's change places so you can be next to the window. 我和你换换地方吧[咱们换换地方吧, 这样你就能靠近窗户]. change one's spots (try to) be or do sth that is against one's nature （试图）违反本性或做违反本性的事; 改变本性. change step adjust one's step when marching so that one is marching in the correct rhythm 行军时调整步伐跟上节奏. ,change the `subject start talking about sth different 开始谈其他的事; 改变话题. ,change one's `tune (infml 口) alter one's manner or attitude, eg becoming humble instead of insolent 改变举止或态度（如前倨後恭）. change one's ways start to live one's life differently, esp in order to suit changed circumstances 开始过另一种生活（尤指为适应环境的改变）. chop and change => chop3. 7 (phr v) change back (into sb/sth) return to one's earlier form, character, etc 回复到原来的样子、 特性等: * Cats can never change back into kittens. 老猫绝变不成小猫. change back (into sth) take off one's clothes and put on others that one was wearing earlier 换上原来穿的衣物: * Can I change back into my jeans now? 现在我能换上原来穿的牛仔裤了吗? change sth back (into sth) give back (money) and receive the equivalent sum in the original currency 将（钱）换成原来的货币: * change back francs into dollars 将法郎换成原来的美元. ,change `down engage a lower gear when driving a car, etc （开汽车等时）换成低挡. ,change `over (from sth) (to sth) change from one system or position to another 改变制度或地位: * The country has changed over from military to democratic rule. 这个国家已经由军事统治转变为民主领导. ,change `up engage a higher gear when driving a car, etc （开汽车等时）换成高挡.

change3
派生： changeable[5tFeindVEbl; 7tFendVE'bl] adj 1 tending to change; often changing 易变的; 常变的: * a changeable person, mood 喜怒无常的人、 情绪 * changeable weather 多变的天气. 2 that can be changed 能被改变的. 复合： `change-over n change from one system to another 制度的改变: a peaceful change-over to civilian rule 和平地转变为文官统治. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Change has a general use and indicates any act of making something different *change的词义很广, 表示使某事物改变的任何作用: Most English women change their names when they marry. 英国妇女大多因结婚而改姓. * He changed the design of the house completely. 他完全更改了房屋的设计. Alter indicates the making of a small difference in the appearance, character, use, etc of something *alter表示使某事物在外观、 性质、 用途等方面稍作改变: I'll have to alter the diagram. I've made a mistake. 我得修改图表. 我出了点儿错. Modify is more formal. *modify一词较文. When applied to objects, especially machines, it suggests a partial change in structure or function 用於物体时, 尤指用於机器时, 表示结构或功能的部分改变: The car has been modified for racing. 这辆汽车已改装为赛车. It can also indicate the softening of attitudes, opinions, etc 这个词还可表示态度、 意见等的软化: He'll have to modify his views if he wants to be elected. 他要想当选就得把观点改得缓和些. Vary describes the changing of something or its parts, often temporarily and repeatedly *vary所指某事物或其部分的改变常为暂时的或反覆的: It's better to vary your diet rather than eat the same things all the time. 你最好变换一下饮食, 不要总吃同样的东西. All these verbs (except modify) can also be used intransitively 所有这些动词（除modify外）还均可用作不及物动词: Her expression changed when she heard the news. 她听到这一消息时表情就变了. * This place hasn't altered since I was a girl. 从我幼时起, 这地方就没发生过变化.

change4
* Political opinions vary according to wealth, age, etc. 政治见解因财富、 年龄等不同而有所区别.

changeling
[5tFeindVliN; 5tFendVliN] n child or thing believed to have been secretly substituted for another （据信是被偷换了的）儿童, 东西.

channel
[5tFAnl; 5tFAnl] n 1 [C] (a) sunken bed of a river, stream or canal 河床. (b) passage along which a liquid may flow （液体的）通道. 2 [C] navigable part of a stretch of water, deeper than the parts on either side of it 航道: * The channel is marked by buoys. 航道有浮标标明. 3 (a) [C] stretch of water joining two seas 海峡. (b) the Channel [sing] = the English Channel (English): * [attrib 作定语] The Channel crossing was very calm. 这次横渡英吉利海峡风平浪静. 4 [C] (fig 比喻) any way by which news, information, etc may travel （新闻、 信息等传递的）途径, 线路: * Your complaint must be made through the proper channels. 你的意见必须通过正当途径投诉. * He has secret channels of information. 他有秘密的消息来源. 5 [C] (a) band of frequencies (frequency 2) used for broadcasting a particular set of radio or television programmes 频道. (b) particular television station 某电视台: * What's your favourite channel? 你喜欢哪个电视台? 派生： channel v (-ll-; US also -l-) 1 [Tn] form a channel or channels in (sth) 在（某物）上形成槽或沟: Deep grooves channelled the soft rock. 在软岩石上形成许多深槽. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] carry (sth) in a channel; direct 经水道运送（某物）; 引导: Water is channelled through a series of irrigation canals. 把水引入一系列灌溉渠中. * (fig 比喻) We must channel all our energies into the new scheme. 我们必须把一切精力都用到新的计划上.

chant
[tFa:nt; tFAnt] n 1 simple tune to which psalms or canticles are fitted by singing several syllables or words to the same note 圣歌. 2 words sung or shouted rhythmically and repeatedly （有节奏地、 反覆地）唱的 或喊叫的词语: * The team's supporters sang a victory chant. 拥护这个队的人有节奏地反覆喊着胜利的口号. 派生： chant v [I, Tn] 1 sing or recite (a psalm, etc) as a chant （如圣歌般）歌唱或背诵（赞美诗等）: chant the liturgy 在礼拜仪式上唱圣歌. 2 sing or shout (sth) rhythmically and repeatedly （有节奏地、 反覆地）唱或喊叫（某词语）: `We are the champions!’ chanted the football fans. 足球迷们有节奏地反覆喊叫: ‘我们是冠军.’

chanty, chantey
(US) = shanty.

chaos
[5keiCs; 5keas] n [U] complete disorder or confusion 混乱; 紊乱: * The burglars left the house in (a state of) chaos. 窃贼走後房屋中一片凌乱. * The wintry weather has caused chaos on the roads. 因风雪交加道路上混乱不堪. 派生： chaotic/kei'Ctik; ke'atik] adj in a state of chaos; completely disorganized 处於混乱状态的; 完全无秩序的: * With no one to keep order the situation in the classroom was chaotic. 因无人维持秩序, 教室里一片混乱. chaotically/kei'Ctikli; ke'atikli] adv.

chap
1[tFAp; tFAp] v (-pp-) (a) [I] (of the skin) become cracked, rough or sore （指皮肤）皲裂, 变粗糙, 疼痛: * My skin soon chaps in cold weather. 我的皮肤在寒冷天气很快就裂了. (b) [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] cause (sth) to become cracked, rough or sore 使（某物）皲裂、 变粗糙或疼痛: * chapped lips 皲裂的嘴唇 * hands and face chapped by the cold 因寒冷而皲裂的手和脸. 派生： chap n sore crack in the skin （皮肤上疼痛的）皲裂处, 裂口.

chapel
[5tFApl; 5tFApl] n 1 [C] small building or room used for Christian worship, eg in a school, prison, large private house, etc （基督徒礼拜用的）小教堂或房间（如学校、 监狱、 私人大宅等中的）: * a college chapel 学院小教堂 * Chapel is (ie Services in chapel are) at 8 o'clock. （小教堂的）礼拜在8点钟举行. 2 [C] separate part of a church or cathedral with its own altar, used for small services and private prayer 私人祈祷处（教堂或大教堂中有自己祭坛的独立部分, 用於小规模礼拜或私人祈祷）: * a `Lady chapel, ie one dedicated to Mary, the mother of Jesus 圣母堂（供奉耶稣之母马利亚的礼拜堂）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page viii. 3 [C](Brit) place used for Christian worship by Nonconformists（非英国国教徒礼拜基督的）教堂: * a Methodist `chapel 卫理公会教堂 * She goes to/attends chapel regularly. 她经常去新教徒教堂作礼拜. * (dated 旧) Are they church or chapel? ie Do they belong to the Anglican Church or to a Nonconformist denomination? 他们是英国国教徒还是非国教徒? 4 [CGp] (members of a) branch of a trade union in a newspaper office or printing house 报社或印刷厂工会（会员）: * The chapel voted against a strike. 印刷工会投票反对罢工. 5 [C] (esp US) local branch of a club, society, etc 俱乐部、 社团等的地方分部.

chaperon
[5FApErEun; 5FApE7ron] n (esp formerly) older person, usu a woman, who looks after a girl or a young unmarried woman on social occasions （尤指旧时）在社交场合照顾少女或未婚女子的年长者（通常为妇女）; 年长女伴; 保护人. 派生： chaperon v [Tn] act as a chaperon for (sb) 当（某人的）年长女伴. chaperonage n [U].

chaplain
[5tFAplin; 5tFAplin] n clergyman attached to the chapel of a school, prison, etc, or serving in the armed forces （学校、 监狱、 军队等的）教士: * an army chaplain 随军教士. Cf 参看 padre. 派生： chaplaincy n position, period of office or house of a chaplain 随军教士的职位、 任期或住所.

chaplet
[5tFAplit; 5tFAplit] n 1 wreath of leaves, flowers, jewels, etc for the head 花冠（叶子、 花、 珠宝等做成的环, 用作头饰）. 2 short string of beads for counting prayers （祈祷时计数用的）短串珠.

chapter
[5tFAptE(r); 5tFAptl] n 1 [C] (abbrs 缩写 ch, chap) (usu numbered) division of a book （通常为编序的）（书中的）章, 篇, 回: * I've just finished Chapter 3. 我刚看完第3章. 2 [C] period of time 时期: * the most glorious chapter in our country's history 我国历史上最光辉的时期. 3 [Gp] (a) all the canons of a cathedral or the members of a monastery or convent 大教堂的全体教士或修道院或女修道院的全体成员. (b) [C] meeting of these 大教堂或修道院的会议. 4 (idm 习语) ,chapter and `verse exact reference to a passage or an authority; exact details of sth （某段或某权威论述的）准确出处; （某事物的）准确细节: * I can't quote chapter and verse but I can give you the main points the author was making. 我无法引用确切的原文, 但是我可以告诉你作者所述的要点. a ,chapter of `accidents series or sequence of unfortunate events 一系列的或一连串的不幸事件.

char
1[tFa:(r); tFar] v (-rr-) (a) [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become black by burning; scorch （使某物）燃烧而变黑; 烧焦: * charred wood 烧焦的木头. (b) [Tn] reduce (sth) to charcoal by burning 使（某物）燃烧成焦炭: * the charred remains of the bonfire 营火的馀烬.

charabanc
[5FArEbAN; 5FArE7bAN] n (dated 旧 Brit) early type of bus with bench seats facing forward, used esp for pleasure trips 大型游览车（旧式公共汽车, 有面向前的板咐, 尤用於游览）.

character
[5kArEktE(r); 5kAriktl] n 1 [C] (a) mental or moral qualities that make a person, group, nation, etc different from others （个人、 集体、 民族等特有的）品质, 特性: * What does her handwriting tell you about her character? 你从她的画法中看到她有什麽个性? * His character is very different from his wife's. 他和他妻子的性格迥然不同. * The British character is often said to be phlegmatic. 英国人的性格常说成是冷漠的. (b) all those features that make a thing, a place, an event, etc what it is and different from others （事物、 地方、 事件等的）特点, 特徵, 特性, 特色: * the character of the desert landscape 沙漠景色的特点 * The whole character of the village has changed since I was last here. 自从我上次到这里以来, 这个村庄的特色完全改变了. * The wedding took on the character of (ie became like) a farce when the vicar fell flat on his face. 牧师 了个大马趴, 婚礼变得像出笑剧. 2 [U] (a) striking individuality 显着的个性: * drab houses with no character 没有特色的单调房屋. (b) moral strength 道德的力量; 品格; 品德: * a woman of character 有道德的女子 * It takes character to say a thing like that. 说那样的话需要有骨气. * Some people think military service is character-building. 有些人认为服兵役能陶冶情操. 3 [C] (a) (infml 口) person, esp an odd or unpleasant one 人（尤指古怪或令人讨厌的人）: * He looks a suspicious character. 他像个可疑的人. (b) (approv 褒) person who is not ordinary or typical; person with individuality 与众不同的人; 有个性的人: * She's a real/quite a character! 她真[很]有个性! 4 [C] person in a novel, play, etc （小说、 戏剧等中的）人物: * the characters in the novels of Charles Dickens 狄更斯小说中的人物. 5 [C] reputation, esp a good one 名声（尤指好名声）; 声望: * damage sb's character 损害某人的名声.

character1
6 [C] letter, sign or mark used in a system of writing or printing （用於书写或印刷系统的）字母、 符号或记号: * Chinese, Greek, Russian, etc characters 汉字、 希腊字母、 俄文字母. 7 (idm 习语) in/out of character typical/not typical of a person's character(1a) 合乎[不合乎]某人的性格: * Her behaviour last night was quite out of character. 她昨晚的举止与她的性格很不相符. 派生： characterless adj (derog 贬) without character(2a); uninteresting; ordinary 无特徵的; 无趣的; 平庸的: a characterless place 无特色的地方. 复合： `character actor, `character actress actor who specializes in playing odd or eccentric characters 性格演员. `character reference (Brit) written description of a person's qualities; testimonial （对人的品质的）书面描述, 证明书.

characteristic
[7kArEktE'ristik; 7kAriktE'ristik] adj ~ (of sb/sth) forming part of the character(1a) of a person or thing; typical 构成人或事物特徵之一部分的; 典型性的: * He spoke with characteristic enthusiasm. 他以特有的热情说话. * Such bluntness is characteristic of him. 他就是这麽迟钝. 派生： characteristic n distinguishing feature 与众不同的特徵: What characteristics distinguish the Americans from the Canadians? 美国人和加拿大人的特徵有什麽不同? * Arrogance is one of his less attractive characteristics. 骄傲自大是他的一个缺点. characteristically adv: Characteristically she took the joke very well. 从她的性格来说, 她经得起那个玩笑.

characterize, characterise
[5kArEktEraiz; 5kAriktE7raiz] v 1 [Cn.n/a] ~ sb/sth as sth describe or portray the character of sb/sth as sth 将某人[某事物]的特点描述成或刻画成某事物: * The novelist characterizes his heroine as capricious and passionate. 这位小说家把女主人公刻画成反覆无常而又多情的人. 2 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] be typical of (sb/sth); be characteristic of 表现（某人[某事物]）的典型; 以...为特徵: * the rolling downs that characterize this part of England 英格兰这一地区特有的开阔的丘陵地 * The giraffe is characterized by its very long neck. 长颈鹿以其长颈为特徵. 派生： characterization, -isation[-rai'zeiFn; -rai'zeFEn] n [U] action or process of characterizing (characterize 1), esp the portrayal of human character in novels, plays, etc 描述, 刻画, 塑造（尤指人物性格）: * Jane Austen's skill at characterization 简．奥斯汀刻画人物的技巧.

charade
[FE'ra:d; - FE'reid; FE'red] n 1 charades [sing v] game in which one team acts a series of little plays containing syllables of a word which the other team tries to guess 哑谜猜字游戏（一组进行若干短小的表演, 表示一字的各音节, 由另一组猜字）. 2 [C] scene in a game of charades 这种游戏的表演. 3 [C] (fig 比喻) absurd and obvious pretence 荒唐可笑又显而易见的伪装.

charcoal
[5tFa:kEul; 5tFar7kol] n 1 [U] black substance made by burning wood slowly in an oven with a little air, used as a filtering material or as fuel or for drawing 木炭: * a stick/piece/lump of charcoal 一根、 一块木炭 * [attrib 作定语] a charcoal sketch 炭笔素描. 2 (also charcoal `grey) [U] very dark grey colour 深灰色. 复合： `charcoal-burner n (formerly) person making charcoal （旧时）烧炭者.

chard
[tFa:d; tFard] n [U] (also Swiss chard) type of beet whose leaves are eaten as a vegetable 达菜（其叶可做蔬菜的一种甜菜）.

charge
1[tFa:dV; tFardV] n 1 [C] claim that a person has done wrong, esp a formal claim that he has committed a crime; accusation 指责; 指控; （尤指）控告: * arrested on a charge of murder/a murder charge 以谋杀罪被捕 * I resent the charges of incompetence made against me. 说我无能, 我感到很气愤. 2 [C] rushing violent attack (by soldiers, wild animals, footballers, etc) （士兵、 野兽、 足球队员等）猛攻: * lead a charge 带头进攻. 3 [C] price asked for goods or services （货物或服务所需的）费用: * an admission/entry charge, eg to visit a museum 入场[门]费（如参观博物馆） * His charges are very reasonable. 他要的价钱很公道. * All goods are delivered free of charge. 一切物品免费送货. =>Usage at price 用法见price. 4 (a) [U] responsible possession; care; custody 掌管; 照管; 监护: * leave a child in a friend's charge 把孩子留给朋友照管 * He assumed full charge of the firm in his father's absence. 他在父亲不在时全权掌管公司. (b) [C] (fml 文) person or thing left in sb's care 留给某人照管的人或事物: * He became his uncle's charge after his parents died. 他在父母去世後, 由叔父抚养. 5 [C] (fml 文) task; duty 任务; 责任. 6 [C] amount of explosive needed to fire a gun or cause an explosion （开枪放炮或产生爆炸所需的）炸药量. 7 [C] (a) amount of electricity put into a battery or contained in a substance 充电量; 电荷: * a positive/negative charge 正[负]电荷. (b) energy stored chemically for conversion into electricity （以化学物质贮存的可转化为电的）能量. 8 [C] (fml 文) instructions; directions 指示; 命令: * the judge's charge to the jury, ie his advice to them about their verdict 法官给陪审团的指示（引导他们作出裁断）. 9 (idm 习语) bring a charge (of sth) against sb formally accuse sb (of a crime, etc) 正式控告某人（某罪行等）. a charge on sb/sth person or thing that must be paid for as part of a particular area of expenditure 必须为某人或某事物支付的某项开支:

charge d'affaires
[7Fa:Vei dA'feE(r); Far'Ve dA'fer] n(pl charges d'affaires[7Fa:Vei d'feE(r); Far'Ve dA'fer] )1 diplomat who takes the place of an ambassador or a minister when the ambassador or minister is absent 代 理大使（大使或公使不在时代替大使或公使的外交官）. 2 diplomat below the rank of ambassador or minister who heads a diplomatic mission in a minor country 代办（低於大使或公使的外交官, 率领出使小国的使团）.

charge1
* They are a charge on the rates. 这是（徵收）房地产税的金额. face a charge/charges => face2. give sb in `charge (esp Brit) hand sb over to the police 把某人交给警方. have charge of sth have responsibility for sth 对某事物有责任. in charge (of sb/sth) in a position of control or command (over sb/sth) 处於控制或支配（某人[某事物]）的地位: * Who's in charge here? 这儿谁负责? * He was left in charge of the shop while the manager was away. 经理不在时, 他负责这个商店. in/under sb's charge in the care of sb 在某人照看下: * These patients are under the charge of Dr Wilson. 这些病人由威尔逊医生治疗. lay sth to sb's charge (fml 文) accuse sb of sth 控告某人犯某罪. prefer a charge/charges => prefer. reverse the charges => reverse3.take charge (of sth) take control of sth; become responsible for sth 控制或掌管某事物;承担某事物的责任: * The department was badly organized until she took charge (of it). 这个部门在她负责以前组织工作做得很差. 复合： `charge account (US) = credit account (credit1). `charge-sheet n (Brit) record kept in a police station of charges (charge1 1) made 保存在警察局的控告记录.

chargeable
[5tFa:dVEbl; 5tFardVEbl] adj 1 (a) able or liable to be charged (charge2 1a) 可被指控的; 可能被控告的: * If you steal, you are chargeable with theft. 如果偷窃就可能被控偷窃罪. (b) liable to result in a legal charge 可能导致控告後果的: * a chargeable offence 可能导致遭控告的过失. 2 ~ to sb (of a debt) to be paid by sb or put on sb's account （指债款）应由某人偿付的或记在某人帐上的: * Any expenses you may incur will be chargeable to the company. 你的所有开销都可以由公司偿付.

charger
[5tFa:dVE(r); 5tFardVl] n (arch 古) horse ridden by a soldier in battle; cavalry horse 军马; 战马.

chariot
[5tFAriEt; 5tFAriEt] n horse-drawn open vehicle with two wheels, used in ancient times in battle and for racing 敞篷双轮马车（古代用於战争或竞赛）. 派生： charioteer[7tFAriE'tiE(r); 7tFAriEt'ir] n person driving a chariot （敞篷马车的）驭者.

charisma
[kE'rizmE; kE'rizmE] n (pl ~s or ~ta) 1 [U] power to inspire devotion and enthusiasm 吸引人效忠的能力; 号召力: * a politician with charisma 有一呼百应能力的政客. 2 [C] (religion 宗) power or talent given by God 神授的力量或才能. 派生： charismatic[7kAriz'mAtik; 7kAriz'mAtik] adj 1 having charisma 有号召力的; 有神授能力的: * a charismatic figure, leader, politician, etc 有号召力的人物、 领袖、 政治家等. 2 (of a religious group) emphasizing the divine gifts, eg the power to heal the sick （指宗教组织）崇尚神赐天赋的（如治病的力量）. charismatically[-kli; -kli] adv.

charitable
[5tFArEtEbl; 5tFArEtEbl] adj ~ (to/towards sb) 1 generous in giving money, food, etc to poor people （给穷人钱、 食物等）慷慨的, 慈善的. 2 of, for or connected with a charity(4) or charities 慈善组织的; 为慈善组织的; 关於慈善组织的: * a charitable institution, organization, body, etc 慈善机构、 组织、 团体等 * a charitable venture, ie one to raise money for charity 慈善事业. 3 kind in one's attitude to others 宽厚的; 慈爱的: * That wasn't a very charitable remark. 那话说得可不太厚道. > charitably[-bli; -bli] adv.

charity
[5tFArEti; 5tFArEti] n 1 [U] loving kindness towards others 慈善; 慈悲; 慈爱; 仁爱. 2 [U] tolerance in judging others; kindness; leniency 宽容; 宽厚; 仁慈; 宽大: * judge people with charity 宽厚度人. 3 [U] (a) (generosity in) giving money, food, help, etc to the needy 施舍; 布施; 慷慨: * do sth out of charity 出於慷慨助人而做某事物 * raise money for charity 为施舍助人而集资 * [attrib 作定语] a charity ball, concert, jumble sale, etc 慈善舞会、 音乐会、 义卖等. (b) help given in this way （慷慨施舍的）帮助: * live on/off charity 靠赈济生活. 4 [C] society or organization for helping the needy 慈善团体: * Many charities sent money to help the victims of the famine. 许多慈善团体捐款赈济饥民. 5 (idm 习语) charity begins at `home (saying 谚) a person's first duty is to help and care for his own family 慈善先惠及家人（一个人的首要责任是帮助和照顾自己的家庭）.

charlady
[5tFa:leidi; 5tFar7ledi] n = charwoman.

charlatan
[5Fa:lEtEn; 5FarlEtn] n person who falsely claims to have special knowledge or skill, esp in medicine 冒充内行的人; （尤指）庸医; 江湖医生. > charlatanism n [U].

Charleston
[5tFa:lstEn; 5tFarlstEn] n fast dance, popular in the 1920's, in which the knees are turned inwards and the legs kicked sideways 查尔斯顿舞（流行於20世纪20年代的快步舞, 舞时膝盖内屈, 腿向两侧踢）.

charlie
[5tFa:li; 5tFarli] n (Brit infml 口) foolish person 蠢人: * You must have felt a proper charlie! 你一定觉得自己很蠢! * He looks a real charlie in that hat. 他戴那顶帽子看起来真像个傻瓜.

charm
1[tFa:m; tFarm] n 1 (a) [U] power of pleasing, fascinating or attracting people; attractiveness 迷人或吸引人的力量; 魅力: * a woman of great charm 极为迷人的女子 * He has a lot of charm. 他很有魅力. * the charm of the countryside in spring 郊外的春光明媚. (b) [C] pleasing or attractive feature or quality 吸引人的特点或性质; 妩媚: * a woman's charms, ie her beauty or attractive manner 一女子的妩媚. 2 [C] (a) object worn because it is believed to protect the wearer and bring good luck 护身符. (b) small ornament worn on a chain or bracelet （装在链上或手镯上的）小饰物: * [attrib 作定语] a `charm bracelet 带有饰物的手镯. 3 [C] act or words believed to have magic power; magic spell 魔法; 咒符; 咒语. 4 (idm 习语) ,work like a `charm (infml 口) be immediately and completely successful 迅速地而完全地获得成功: * Those new pills you gave me worked like a charm. 你给我的那些新药丸真是药到病除.

charnel
house

chart
[tFa:t; tFart] n 1 [C] (a) detailed map used to help navigation at sea, showing coasts, rocks, the depth of the sea, etc 航海图: * a naval chart 海军航图. (b) similar map for navigation by air 航空地图. 2 [C] map, diagram, graph or table giving clear information, esp about sth that changes over a period of time 地图; 示意图; 曲线图或表: * a weather chart 天气图 * a temperature chart, ie one showing changes in a person's temperature 体温图表 * a sales chart, ie one showing the level of a company's sales 销售图. =>illus 见插图. Cf 参看 map, plan 2. 3 the charts [pl] weekly list of the best-selling pop music records （流行音乐唱片最畅销的）每周选录. 派生： chart v 1 [Tn] make a chart of (sth); map 绘制（某事物）的图表; 绘制...的地图. 2 [Tn] record or follow (sth) on or as if on a chart （犹如）在图表上记录或跟踪某事物: Scientists are carefully charting the progress of the spacecraft. 科学家密切跟踪航天器的运行.

charter
[tFa:tE(r); 5tFartl] n 1 (a) written statement by a ruler or a government granting certain rights and privileges to a town, company, university, etc 特许状（统治者或政府给予一城市、 公司、 大学等的某些权利或特权的证书）: * privileges granted by royal charter 皇家特许状所给予的特权. (b) written statement of the main functions and principles of an organization or institution; constitution （写明某组织或机构的主要职责与原则的）章程, 宪章. 2 hiring of a ship, an aircraft or a vehicle for a particular purpose or group of people （为某目的或某团体对船只、 飞机或车辆的）包租: * [attrib 作定语] a `charter plane 包机. 派生： charter v [Tn] 1 grant a charter(2) to (sb/sth) 准予（某人[某事物]）包租（船只、 飞机或车辆）. 2 hire (an aircraft, etc) for a particular purpose （为某目的）包租（飞机等）: a chartered plane 包机. chartered[5tFa:tEd; 5tFartld] adj [attrib 作定语] qualified according to the rules of a professional association which has a royal charter （根据持有皇家特许状的专业协会的规章）合格的: * a chartered engineer, librarian, surveyor, etc 特许工程师、 图书馆馆长、 检测官等. ,chartered ac`countant (Brit) (US ,certified ,public ac`countant) fully trained and qualified accountant 特许会计师. 复合： `charter flight flight by a chartered aircraft 包机航班. `charter-party n (commerce 商) agreement for the hire of a ship for a particular voyage or period of time 租船契约; 租船合同.

Chartism
[5tFa:tizEm; 5tFartizEm] n [U] movement in Britain in the 1830's seeking electoral and social reform 宪章运动（英国19世纪30年代争取普选和社会改革的运动）. > Chartist[5tFa:tist; 5tFartist] n.

chartreuse
[Fa:'trE:z; - Fa:'tru:z; Far'truz] n [U] 1 green or yellow liqueur made with herbs 麻酒（加药草酿制, 呈绿色或黄色）. 2 yellowish-green colour 黄绿色.

charwoman
[5tFa:wumEn; 5tFar7wumEn] (also char-lady, char) n woman employed to clean a house, an office building, etc 女清洁工

chary
[5tFeEri; 5tFeri] adj (-ier, -iest) ~ (of sth) 1 cautious; wary 小心的; 谨慎的; 仔细的: * chary of lending money 贷款谨慎的. 2 sparing 节省的; 舍不得的: * chary of giving praise, ie seldom praising people 不轻易赞扬人的. > charily adv.

Charybdis
[kE'ribdis; kE'ribdis] n (idm 习语) between Scylla and Charybdis => Scylla.

chase
1[tFeis; tFes] v 1 [Ipr, Tn] ~ (after) sb/sth run after in order to capture or overtake sb/sth 追捕; 追逐; 追赶; 追击: * My dog likes chasing rabbits. 我的狗喜欢追逐兔子. * He chased (after) the burglar but couldn't catch him. 他追赶窃贼却未捉住. 2 [Ipr, Tn] ~ (after) sb make sexual advances to sb in an unsubtle way 露骨地向某人求爱: * He's always chasing (after) women. 他不断地追逐女人. 3 [Tn] (infml 口) try to win (sth) 试图赢获（某事物）: * Liverpool are chasing their third league title in four years. 利物浦队正全力以赴准备四年後第叁次赢获联赛冠军. 4 (phr v) chase about, around, etc rush or hurry in the specified direction 向某方向急奔: * I've been chasing around town all morning looking for a present for her. 为了送给她一件礼物, 我一上午都在全市奔走寻找. chase sb/sth away, off, out, etc force sb/sth to run away, etc; drive sb/sth away, etc 赶走; 驱逐: * chase the cat out of the kitchen 把猫赶出厨房. chase sb up (Brit infml 口) contact sb and try to obtain esp money or information 向某人追讨或索要（尤指钱或信息）: * chase up clients with outstanding debts 向委托人追索未清还的债款. chase sth up (Brit infml 口) try to investigate sth or make sth happen more quickly 追查或催促某事物: * chase up a delayed order 追查逾期的订货单.

chaser
[5tFeisE(r); 5tFesl] n 1 horse for steeplechasing （越野赛或障碍赛的）马. 2 (infml 口) drink taken after another of a different kind, eg a weaker alcoholic drink after a strong one （喝完一种饮料後再喝的另一种的）饮料（如烈酒之後的淡酒）.

chasm
[5kAzEm; 5kAzEm] n 1 deep opening in the ground; abyss; gorge （地上的）深坑; 深渊; 峡谷. 2 (fig 比喻) wide difference of feelings or interests between people, groups, etc （人、 团体等的情感或利益的）巨大差距, 分歧: * the vast chasm separating rich and poor 贫富的鸿沟.

chassis
[5FAsi; 5FAsi] n (pl unchanged 复数不变[5FAsiz; 5FAsiz] ) framework on which the body and working parts of a vehicle, radio or television are built （车辆的）底盘, 车架; （收音机或电视机的）底盘, 框架. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xii.

chaste
[tFeist; tFest] adj 1 (dated 旧) not having had sexual intercourse; virgin 没有经过性交的; 童贞的. 2 not having sexual intercourse except with the person to whom one is married （性生活）忠於配偶的. 3 pure; virtuous 纯真的; 有道德的. 4 simple in style; not ornate （风格）简单的; 不修饰的. > chastely adv.

chasten
[5tFeisn; 5tFesn] v [Tn] 1 punish (sb) in order to correct or improve; discipline 惩罚（某人）（使之改正或改进）; 惩戒. 2 subdue (sb); restrain 遏制（某人）; 制止: * a chastening experience 使人抑制的感受 * He was chastened by his failure. 他因失败而一蹶不振.

chastise
[tFA'staiz; tFAs'taiz] v [Tn] (fml 文) punish (sb) severely, esp by beating 严惩（某人）（尤指责打）. 派生： chastisement/ tFA5staIzmEnt, also 5tFAstIzmEnt; tFAs`taIzmEnt; `tFAstIzmEnt] n [C, U] (fml 文) severe punishment 严惩.

chastity
[5tFAstEti; 5tFAstEti] n [U] (state of) being chaste (1, 2, 3) 童贞; 贞洁; 贞操; 纯洁; 正派: * vows of chastity, eg those taken by a nun or a monk 贞操誓言（如修女或修道士所发的）.

chasuble
[5tFAzjubl; 5tFAzjubl] n loose garment worn over all other vestments by a priest celebrating the Eucharist 十字褡（神父行圣餐礼时穿在最外层的宽松长袍）.

chat
[tFAt; tFAt] n [C, U] friendly informal conversation 聊天; 闲谈: * I had a long chat with her (about her job). （关於她的工作）我和她聊了很久. * That's enough chat get back to work. 别再聊了--回去工作吧. =>Usage at talk1 用法见talk1. 派生： chat v (-tt-) 1 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (away); ~ (to/with sb) (about sth) have a chat 聊天; 闲谈: They were chatting (away) in the corner. 他们在角落里闲谈. * What were you chatting to him about? 你和他聊了些什麽? 2 (phr v) chat sb up (Brit infml 口) talk to sb in a friendly or flirtatious manner in order to gain his or her confidence 和某人亲切地或轻佻地交谈（以获取信任）: Who was that pretty girl you were chatting up last night? 昨晚你与之谈笑风生的那个漂亮姑娘是谁? chatty adj (-ier, -iest) 1 fond of chatting 爱闲聊的; 爱聊天的. 2 resembling chat; informal 闲聊般的; 非正式的: a chatty description 随便的描述. chattily adv. chattiness n [U]. 复合： `chat show television or radio programme in which (esp well-known) people are interviewed 电视或无线电采访节目（尤指对知名人士的）.

chateau
[5FAtEu; - FA'tEu; FA'to] n (pl ~x[-tEuz;-toz] ) castle or large country house in France 法国的城堡或大别墅.

chattel
[5tFAtl; 5tFAtl] n (idm 习语) sb's goods and chattels => goods.

chatter
[5tFAtE(r); 5tFAtl] v 1 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (away/on) (about sth) talk quickly, continuously or foolishly about unimportant matters 唠叨; 喋喋不休: * Do stop chattering on about the weather when I'm trying to read. 别再没完没了地唠叨天气了, 我要看书了. 2 [I, Ip] ~ (away) (of birds and monkeys) make short repeated high-pitched noises （指鸟和猴）短促连声尖叫, 啾啾叫, 吱吱叫: * sparrows chattering in the trees 在树上啾啾叫的麻雀. 3 [I, Ip] ~ (together) (of the teeth) strike together with a clicking sound because of cold or fear （指牙齿）打颤. 派生： chatter n [U] 1 continuous rapid talk 唠叨的话: I've had enough of your constant chatter. 我已经听够你那没完没了的唠叨话. 2 chattering sound 吱吱叫的声音: the chatter of monkeys 猴子的吱吱叫声. 复合： `chatterbox n talkative person, esp a child 话多的人（尤指小孩）.

chauffeur
[5FEufE(r); - FEu'fE:r; Fo'fE] n person employedto drive a car, esp for sb rich or important 受雇开车的人; （尤指富人或要人的）司机. 派生： chauffeur v [Tn] drive (sb) as a chauffeur 任司机为（某人）开车.

chauvinism
[5FEuvinizEm; 5Fovin7izEm] n [U] 1 aggressiveand irrational belief that one's own country is better than all others 沙文主义. 2 = male chauvinism (male). 派生： chauvinist[5FEuvinist; 5Fovinist] n, adj (person) displaying or feeling chauvinism 沙文主义的; 沙文主义者. chauvinistic[7FEuvi'nistik; 7Fovi'nistik] adj.chauvinistically[-kli; -kli] adv.

ChB
[7si: eitF 'bi:; 7si etF 'bi] abbr 缩写 = Bachelor of Surgery (Latin Chirurgiae Baccalaureus) 外科医学士（源自拉丁文Chirurgiae Baccalaureus）: * have/be a ChB 有外科医学士学位[为外科医学士] * Philip Watt MB, ChB 菲利浦瓦特内科医学士, 外科医学士.

cheap
[tFi:p; tFip] adj (-er, -est) 1 (a) low in price; costing little money 廉价的; 花钱少的; 便宜的: * cheap tickets, fares 廉价票、 便宜的交通费 * the cheap seats in a theatre 剧院的廉价座位 * Cauliflowers are very cheap at the moment. 菜花现在很便宜. (b) worth more than the cost; offering good value 合算的; 实惠的; 价钱好的: * 3 is very cheap for a hardback book. 花3英镑买精装书很上算. 2 charging low prices 要价低的: * a cheap hairdresser, restaurant 要价低的理发师、 饭馆. 3 of poor quality; shoddy 品质低劣的; 质量差的: * cheap furniture, jewellery, shoes 劣质家具、 珠宝、 鞋 * a cheap and nasty bottle of wine 一瓶质量恶劣的、 难喝的葡萄酒. 4 insincere; shallow(2) 不真诚的; 肤浅的: * cheap flattery 虚伪的奉承. 5 (of people, words or actions) not worthy of respect; despicable; contemptible （指人、 词语或行为）不值得尊敬的, 卑鄙的, 可耻的: * a cheap gibe, joke, remark, retort, etc 低级的嘲弄、 玩笑、 言语、 反驳等 * That was a cheap trick to play on her. 那样捉弄她是可耻的. * He's just a cheap crook. 他纯粹是个卑鄙的无赖. * His treatment of her made her feel cheap. 他那样对待她, 她觉得很丢脸. 6 (esp US) excessively careful with one's money; mean; stingy 对钱过分仔细的; 吝啬的; 小气的. 7 (idm 习语) cheap/common as dirt => dirt. cheap at the price so well worth having that the price, however high it is, does not seem too much 无论价钱多麽高都值得: * The holiday will be very expensive but if it helps to make you fit and healthy again it will be cheap at the price. 度假要花很多钱, 但能助你恢复健康, 花钱再多也值得. ,hold sth `cheap (fml 文) consider sth to be of little value or importance 认为某事物无价值或不重要; 轻视. ,make oneself `cheap do sth which causes other people to respect one less 做出让人看不起的事. on the `cheap (infml 口) without paying the usual, or a fair, price 没有付通常的或公道的价钱; 便宜的:

cheap1
* buy, sell, get sth on the cheap 便宜地买、 卖、 得到某事物. 派生： cheap adv (infml 口) 1 for a low price 廉价地: get sth cheap 廉价买到某物 * sell sth off cheap 廉价卖出某物. 2 (idm 习语) ,go `cheap (infml 口) be offered for sale at a low price 廉价卖: The local shop has some radios going cheap. 本地商店有些廉价的收音机. cheaply adv 1 for a low price 廉价地: buy, sell, get sth cheaply 廉价买、 卖、 得到某事物. 2 in a cheap(1a) manner 廉价地; 便宜地: The room was cheaply furnished. 屋里配置了便宜的家具. 3 (idm 习语) get off lightly/cheaply => lightly (light3). cheapness n [U].

cheapen
[5tFi:pEn; 5tFipEn] v 1 [Tn] (cause sth to) become cheap or cheaper 减价: * cheapen the cost of sth 降低某事物的价钱. 2 [Tn] make (oneself/sth) less worthy of respect; degrade 降低（自己[某事物]）的身价; 贬低: * It's only cheapening yourself to behave like that. 那样做只能使你自贬身价.

cheapjack
[5tFi:pdVAk; 5tFip7dVAk] n person who sells inferior goods at low prices 廉价出售劣质品的人; 廉价品商贩. 派生： cheapjack adj inferior; shoddy 劣质的; 低级的.

cheapskate
[5tFi:pskeit; 5tFip7sket] n (infml 口 esp US) mean or stingy person; miser 吝啬的人; 小气的人; 财迷; 守财奴.

cheat
[tFi:t; tFit] v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (at sth) act dishonestly or unfairly in order to win an advantage or profit 欺骗: * accuse sb of cheating at cards 指责某人玩纸牌时作弊. 2 [Tn] trick or deceive (sb/sth) 欺骗或瞒哄（某人[某事物]）: * cheat the taxman, ie avoid one's taxes 欺瞒税务局（逃税） * (fig 比喻) cheat death, ie come close to dying but stay alive by luck or cunning 死里逃生. 3 [Ipr, Tn] ~ (on) sb (esp US) be unfaithful to one's wife, husband or lover 不忠实於妻子、 丈夫或情人. 4 (phr v) cheat sb (out) of sth prevent sb from having sth, esp in an unfair or a dishonest way 防止某人得到某事物（尤指以不正当或不诚实的手段）: * He was cheated (out) of his rightful inheritance. 他依法应得的遗产被人骗走了. 派生： cheat n 1 person who cheats, esp in a game 骗子; （尤指游戏或比赛中的）作弊者. 2 dishonest trick 欺骗手段.

check
1[tFek; tFek] v 1 (a) [I, Ip, Tf no passive 不用於被动语态, Tw no passive 不用於被动语态] ~ (up) make sure of sth by examining or investigating it （用检查或调查的方法）印证某事物: * I think I remembered to switch the oven off but you'd better check (up) (that I did). 我好像记得把烤箱关了, 但你最好再查看一下（我是否关了）. * Could you go and check if the baby's asleep? 你去看看孩子睡了没有好吗? (b) [Tn] examine (sth) in order to make sure that it is correct, safe, satisfactory or in good condition 检查; 检验; 核对; 核实: * check the oil, ie make sure there is enough oil in a car engine 检查机油（确保汽车发动机中的油足够） * check the tyres, ie make sure there is enough air in a car's tyres 检查轮胎（确保汽车轮胎气足） * check the items against the list, ie to see that it tallies 照清单查点各项（看是否相符） * He must check his work more carefully it's full of mistakes. 他检查工作时要再仔细一些--到处是错. 2 [Tn] (a) cause (sb/sth) to stop or go more slowly; slow down; control 使（某人[某事物]）停止或缓慢进行; 减缓; 控制: * check the enemy's advance 阻止敌军前进 * check the flow of blood from a wound 为伤口止血 * The Government is determined to check the growth of public spending. 政府立意控制公共开支的增长. (b) hold (sth) back; restrain (sth/oneself) 阻止住（某事物）; 抑制（某事物）; 克制（自己）: * unable to check one's laughter, tears, anger 控制不住笑声、 眼泪、 愤怒. 3 [I] stop suddenly 突然停止: * She went forward a few yards, checked and turned back. 她向前走了几码, 突然停住脚步又返回来. 4 [I, Tn] (in chess) put (one's opponent) in a position in which he must move his king to prevent its capture （国际象棋中）将（对方的王）. Cf 参看 checkmate. 5 [Tn] (US) (a) leave (hats, coats, etc) to be stored for a short period 暂存（帽子、 大衣等）.

check1
(b) leave (luggage, etc) ready to be despatched 托运（行李等）. 6 (phr v) check in (at...); check into... register as a guest at a hotel or as a passenger at an airport, etc （为住旅馆或登机等）办理登记手续: * Passengers should check in for flight BA 125 to Berlin. 去柏林的英航125航班旅客请办理登机手续. check sth in (a) leave or accept sth to be transported by train or by air 托运, 收运（经火车或飞机运送之物）: * check in one's luggage 托运行李. (b) (esp US) leave or accept sth for safe keeping in a cloakroom or left-luggage office （在衣帽间或行李寄存处）存取某物: * Is there a place we can check in our coats? 有暂存大衣的地方吗? check sth off mark (items on a list) as correct or as having been dealt with （在清单的项目上）作记号表示正确或已处理; 核对. check (up) on sb investigate sb's behaviour, background, etc 调查某人的行为、 背景等: * The police are checking up on him. 警方正在调查他. check (up) on sth examine sth to discover if it is true, safe, correct, etc 检查某事物（是否真实、 安全、 正确等）. check out (of...) pay one's bill and leave a hotel 办理旅馆付帐及退房手续. check sth out (esp US) = check up on sth. 派生： checker n person who checks (esp stores, orders, etc) 审核员（尤指审核存货、 定货单等者）. 复合： `check-in n 1 act of checking in at an airport 在机 : [attrib 作定语] the check-in desk 办理登机手续的柜台 * one's check-in time 办理登机手续的时间. 2 place where one checks in at an airport before a flight （在机场的飞机起飞前的）登记处. `checking account (US) = current account (current1). `checklist n list of items to be marked as present or having been dealt with （对现有的或已处理的项目进行查点的）清单: a checklist of things to take on holiday 度假携带物品的清单. `check-out n 1 act of checking out (check1 6) 办理旅馆付帐及退房手续.

check2
2 place where customers pay for goods in a supermarket （超级市场中的）付款处. `check-point n place, eg on a frontier, where travellers are stopped and their vehicles and documents inspected 检查站（如於边境处的）. `checkroom n (US) (a) cloakroom in a hotel, theatre, etc （旅馆、 剧院等的）衣帽间. (b) left-luggage office 行李寄存处. `check-up n thorough examination, esp a medical one 全面检查; （尤指）体格检查: go for/have a check-up 去[作]体检.

checker
[5tFekE(r); 5tFekl] v (US) = chequer.

checkmate
[5tFekmeit; 5tFek7met] (also mate) n [sing] 1 (in chess) situation in which one player cannot prevent the capture of his king and the other player is therefore the winner （国际象棋中）将死. Cf 参看 check2 4. 2 total defeat 彻底失败. 派生： checkmate v [Tn] 1 (in chess) put (one's opponent) in a position in which he cannot prevent the capture of his king （国际象棋中）将死（对方）. Cf 参看 check1 4. 2 defeat (sb/sth) totally; frustrate 使（某人[某事物]）彻底失败; 挫败. interj (in chess) call made when checkmating one's opponent 将, 将军（国际象棋中将死对方时的呼叫）.

Cheddar
[5tFedE(r); 5tFedl] n [U] type of firm yellowish cheese 切德乾酪（一种淡黄色的硬奶酪）.

cheek
[tFi:k; tFik] n 1 [C] either side of the face below the eye 面颊; 脸蛋儿: * healthy pink cheeks 健康的红面颊 * dancing cheek to cheek, ie with the cheek of one partner touching that of the other 跳贴面舞（面颊接触舞伴面颊）. =>illus at head 见head之插图. 2 [C] (infml 口) either of the buttocks 屁股（指半边）. 3 [U, sing] impertinent talk or behaviour; impudence 无礼的、 冒失的、 不当的话或行为; 厚颜无耻: * That's enough of your cheek! 不要恬不知耻! * He had the cheek to ask me to do his work for him. 他居然有脸叫我替他工作. * What (a) cheek! ie How very cheeky! 真没皮没脸! 4 (idm 习语) ,cheek by `jowl (with sb/sth) close together 紧紧靠着: * live/lie cheek by jowl 亲密地生活[躺在一起]. ,turn the other `cheek accept violent attack without being violent oneself 受到猛烈攻击而不还手. with tongue in cheek => tongue. 派生： cheek v [Tn] speak cheekily to (sb) 对（某人）厚颜无耻地说. -cheeked (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having the specified type of cheeks 有某种面颊的: a rosy-cheeked boy. cheeky adj (-ier, -iest) (of a person, his manner, etc) lacking respect, esp in a bold or cheerful way; impertinent; impudent （指人、 言谈、 举止等）厚脸皮的, 放肆的, 鲁莽的, 厚颜无耻的: a cheeky boy, remark 厚脸皮的男孩儿、 言语. cheekily adv. cheekiness n [U]. 复合： `cheek-bone n bone below the eye 颧骨.

cheep
[tFi:p; tFip] n weak shrill cry of a young bird （雏鸟的）吱吱叫声. 派生： cheep v [I] make this cry 作吱吱叫.

cheerful
[5tFiEfl; 5tFirfEl] adj 1 (a) in good spirits; happy 兴高采烈的; 精神振奋的; 快乐的: * a cheerful smile, disposition 欢快的微笑、 性情 * You're very cheerful today. 你今天很快活. (b) causing happiness; pleasant 令人快活的; 令人高兴的: * The news isn't very cheerful, I'm afraid. 我看这个消息不太乐观. 2 pleasantly bright 欢快明亮的: * cheerful colours 悦目的色彩 * a cheerful room 使人感到愉快的房间. 3 not grudging; willing 愿意的: * a cheerful worker 肯干的工人. > cheerfully[-fElI; -fElI/ adv: * accept sth, smile, whistle, work cheerfully欢快地接受某事物、 微笑、 吹口哨、 工作. cheerfulness n [U].

cheerio
[7tFiEri5Eu; 5tFiri7o] interj (Brit infml 口) goodbye 再见.

cheerless
[5tFiElis; 5tFirlis] adj gloomy; dreary 阴暗的; 惨淡的: * a cold, cheerless day 寒冷阴暗的一天 * a damp, cheerless room 潮湿阴暗的房间. > cheerlessly adv. cheerlessness n [U].

cheery
[5tFiEri; 5tFiri] adj (-ier, -iest) lively and cheerful; genial 喜气洋洋的; 兴高采烈的; 亲切的: * a cheery smile, greeting, wave 喜气洋洋的微笑、 致意、 招手. > cheerily adv. cheeriness n [U].

cheese
[tFi:z; tFiz] n 1 (a) [U] food made from milk curds 乾酪; 奶酪: * Cheddar cheese 切德乾酪 * a lump/piece/slice of cheese 一大块[块/片]乾酪 * [attrib 作定语] a cheese sandwich 乾酪叁明治. (b) [C] particular type of this 某种乾酪: * a selection of French cheeses 精选法国乾酪. (c) [C] shaped and wrapped portion or mass of this （制成一定形状及有包装的）乾酪, 奶酪: * two cream cheeses 两块乳脂乾酪. 2 [U] type of thick jam 稠果酱: * lemon, damson cheese 柠檬、 洋李果酱. 3 (idm 习语) a big cheese => big. different as chalk and/from cheese => different. 派生： cheese v (phr v) cheese sb off (esp passive 尤用於被动语态) (infml 口) make sb annoyed, bored or frustrated 使某人烦恼、 厌烦或灰心: He's cheesed off with his job. 他厌倦他的工作. cheesy adj (-ier, -iest) like cheese in taste or smell （味道或气味）像乾酪的. 复合： `cheese-board n board for cutting cheese on 乾酪板（切乾酪用的板）. `cheeseburger n hamburger with a slice of cheese in it 乾酪汉堡包. `cheese-paring n [U] (derog 贬) excessive carefulness in the spending of money; stinginess 花钱过分仔细; 吝啬. adj (derog 贬) stingy; mean 吝啬的; 小气的.

cheesecake
[5tFi:zkeik; 5tFiz7kek] n 1 [C, U] type of tart made with cream cheese, eggs, sugar, etc on a base of pastry or crushed biscuits 奶酪饼（以油酥面或碎饼乾作底, 上有乳脂奶酪、 蛋、 糖等制成的糕饼）: * a cherry cheesecake 樱桃奶酪饼 * Have some more cheesecake. 请再用一些奶酪饼. 2 [U] (infml 口) pictures of women with shapely bodies, esp as used in advertisements （身材匀称的）女子照片（尤指用於广告的）.

cheesecloth
[5tFi:zklCW; - -klC:W; 5tFiz7klCW] n [U] thin, loosely woven, cotton fabric 薄纱织物: * [attrib 作定语] a cheesecloth shirt 薄纱衬衫.

cheetah
[5tFi:tE; 5tFitE] n African wild animal of the cat family with black spots and long legs, and able to run very fast 猎豹（产於非洲, 有黑色斑点, 腿长善跑）.

chef
[Fef; Fef] n professional cook, esp the chief cook in a restaurant 厨师; （尤指饭店的）厨师长.

chemical
[5kemikl; 5kemikl] adj 1 of or relating to chemistry 化学的; 关於化学的: * the chemical industry 化学工业. 2 produced by or using chemistry or chemicals 用化学方法或化学品产生的或生产的: * a chemical experiment 化学实验 * a chemical reaction, ie one causing changes in the structure of atoms or molecules 化学反应（造成原子或分子结构变化的反应）. 派生： chemical n substance obtained by or used in a chemical process 在化学反应中得到的或使用的物质. chemically[-kli; -kli] adv. 复合： ,chemical engi`neering engineering that deals with processes involving chemical changes and with the equipment needed for these 化学工程. ,chemical engi`neer n. ,chemical `warfare use of poisonous gases and other harmful chemicals in war 化学战.

chemise
[FE'mi:z; FE'miz] n (a) loose-fitting under-garment hanging straight from the shoulders, formerly worn by women （直筒式的）宽松内衣（旧时女子穿的）. (b) dress similar to this （直筒式的）宽松连衣裙.

chemist
[5kemist; 5kemist] n 1 (US druggist) person who prepares and sells medicines, and usu also sells cosmetics, toiletries, etc; pharmacist 药剂师; 药商: * buy aspirin at the chemist's (ie chemist's shop) on the corner 在大街拐角的药房买阿司匹林. Cf 参看 pharmacist. 2 expert in chemistry 化学专家; 化学家.

chemistry
[5kemistri; 5kemistri] n [U] 1 scientific study of the structure of substances, how they react when combined or in contact with one another, and how they behave under different conditions 化学: * Chemistry was her favourite subject at school. 她上学时最喜欢化学. * [attrib 作定语] a chemistry lesson 化学课. 2 chemical structure, properties (property 4) and reactions of a particular substance 某物质的化学组成、 性质和反应: * the chemistry of copper 铜的化学组成、 性质和反应. 3 any mysterious or complex change or process 任何神秘的或复杂的变化或过程: * the strange chemistry that causes two people to fall in love 使两人相爱的不可思议的过程.

chemotherapy
[7ki:mEu'WerEpi; 7kimo'WerEpi] n [U] treatment of disease by drugs and other chemical substances 化学疗法.

chenille
[FE'ni:l; FE'nil] n [U] (a) thick velvety cord used for trimming furniture 雪尼尔线, 绳绒线（用以装饰家具的天鹅绒粗线）. (b) fabric made of this 雪尼尔线的织物.

cheque
(US check)[tFek; tFek] n 1 (special printed form on which one writes an) order to a bank to pay a sum of money from one's account to another person 支票: * write (sb)[sign a cheque for ￡50 给（某人）开[签]一张50英镑的支票 * Are you paying in cash or by cheque? 您付现款还是付支票? 2 (idm 习语) a blank cheque => blank. 复合： `cheque-book (US `checkbook) n book of printed cheques 支票簿. `cheque card card issued by a bank to sb who has an account with it, guaranteeing payment of his cheques up to a specified amount 支票保付卡（银行发给存户的卡片, 保证支付其高达某预定限额的支票）.

chequer
(US checker)[5tFekE(r); 5tFekl] n pattern of squares, usu of alternate colours 方格图案（通常为交错颜色的）. =>illus at pattern 见pattern之插图. 派生： chequer v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] mark (sth) with a pattern of squares or patches of different colours or shades 使（某物）呈现方格图案或不同颜色或不同深浅的方格: a lawn chequered with sunlight and shade 有阳光和阴影交错的草坪. chequered (US checkered) adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] (fig 比喻) marked by periods of good and bad fortune 好运与恶运交替的: a chequered career/history/past 荣辱盛衰的事业[历史/过去].

cherish
[5tFeriF; 5tFeriF] v [Tn] 1 protect or tend (sb/sth) lovingly; care for 爱护或珍爱（某人[某事物]）; 关心. 2 be fond of (sb/sth); love 喜爱（某人[某事物]）; 爱. 3 keep (a feeling or an idea) in one's mind or heart and think of it with pleasure 怀有（某种感情或想法）; 怀念: * cherish the memory of one's dead mother 怀念先母 * cherish the hope of winning an Olympic medal 盼望获奥林匹克奖牌 * He cherishes the illusion that she's in love with him. 他怀有一种幻想, 认为她已经爱上他了.

cheroot
[FE'ru:t; FE'rut] n cigar with both ends open （两端都开口的）雪茄烟.

cherry
[5tFeri; 5tFeri] n 1 [C] small soft round fruit (red or black when ripe) containing a stone 樱桃. =>illus at fruit 见fruit之插图. 2 (a) (also `cherry-tree) [C] tree on which this fruit grows 樱桃树: * a flowering cherry 开花的樱桃树 * [attrib 作定语] cherry blossom 樱桃花. (b) [U] wood of this tree 樱桃木. 2 [U] (also ,cherry `red) bright red colour 樱桃色; 鲜红色: * [attrib 作定语] cherry lips 樱唇. 3 (idm 习语) have/get two bites at the cherry => bite2.

cherub
[5tFerEb; 5tFerEb] n 1 (pl ~im[5tFerEbim; 5tFerE-bim] ) (Bible 圣经) one of the second highest order of angels, usu represented in paintings as a plump child with wings 二级天使（通常绘作圆胖有翼的孩子）. =>illus at angel 见angel之插图. Cf 参看 seraph. 2 (pl ~s) (a) (in art) angelic plump child with wings （艺术上的）天使般的圆胖而有翼的孩子. (b) sweet or innocent-looking child 可爱的或天真无邪的孩子. 派生： cherubic/tFi'ru:bik; tFE'rubik] adj (esp of a child) with a plump and innocent face （尤指孩子）有着胖乎乎而天真无邪的面孔的.

chervil
[5tFE:vil; 5tFEvil] n [U] (a) type of garden herb 有喙欧芹. (b) its leaves used to flavour soups and salads 有喙欧芹叶（用作汤羹和色拉的调料）.

chess
[tFes; tFes] n [U] game for two people, played on a board with pieces that are moved in an attempt to checkmate the opponent's king 国际象棋. =>illus 见插图. 复合： `chessboard n chequered board with 64 black and white squares on which chess and draughts are played （国际象棋的）棋盘. chess-man[5tFesmAn; 5tFes7mAn] n (pl -men[-men;-7men] ) any of the pieces used in the game of chess （国际象棋的）棋子. =>illus 见插图.

chest
[tFest; tFest] n 1 large strong box for storing or shipping things in 大箱子: * a `tea chest 茶叶箱 * a `medicine chest 药品箱 * a `tool chest 工具箱. 2 upper front part of the body from the neck to the stomach 胸部: * a hairy chest 多毛的胸部 * What size are you round the chest? 你的胸围是多少? * [attrib 作定语] `chest pains 胸部疼痛 * a `chest cold, ie one that affects the lungs 重感冒. =>illus at human 见human之插图. 3 (idm 习语) ,get sth off one's `chest (infml 口) say sth that one has wanted to say for a long time 说出积存已久的话: * You're obviously worried about something; why not get it off your chest? 你显然有心事, 何不一吐为快? hold/keep one's cards close to one's chest => card1. 派生： -chested (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having the specified type of chest 有某种胸部的: ,broad-`chested * ,bare-`chested * She's ,flat-`chested, ie She has very small breasts. 她胸部扁平（乳房很小）. chesty adj (Brit infml 口) tending to suffer from or showing the symptoms of bronchial disease 易患支气管疾病的; 有支气管疾患症状的: She often gets chesty in wet weather. 在潮湿天气, 她经常犯支气管炎. * a chesty cough 患支气管炎引起的咳嗽. chestiness n [U]. 复合： ,chest of `drawers (US also bureau) piece of furniture with drawers for storing clothes in （有抽屉的）衣橱. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xvi.

chesterfield
[5tFestEfi:ld; 5tFestl7fild] n sofa with a padded back, seat and ends （靠背、 座位和两端都有垫料的）长沙发.

chestnut
[5tFesnQt; 5tFes7nQt] n 1 (a) (also `chestnut tree) [C] any of various types of tree producing smooth reddish-brown nuts enclosed in prickly cases (those of some types being edible) 栗树. (b) [C] one of these nuts 栗子: * roast chestnuts 炒栗子 * [attrib 作定语] chestnut stuffing, ie a mixture of chestnuts, herbs, etc used to stuff a chicken, turkey, etc 栗子馅（用以填充鸡、 火鸡等）. =>illus at nut 见nut之插图. (c) wood of the chestnut tree 栗木: * [attrib 作定语] a chestnut table 栗木桌子. 2 [U] deep reddish-brown colour 栗色（深棕红色）: * [attrib 作定语] chestnut hair 栗色的头发 * a chestnut mare 栗色的雌马. 3 [C] horse of this colour 栗色马. 4 [C] (infml 口) old joke or story that is no longer amusing （因陈腐而无味的）笑话或故事: * an old chestnut 老掉牙的笑话[故事].

chevron
[5FevrEn; 5FevrEn] n bent line or stripe in the shape of a normal or upside-down V, worn by a policeman or soldier to show his rank （警察或士兵所佩带以示衔级的）`形或^形标志.

chew
[tFu:; tFu] v 1 [I, Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) work or grind (food) between the teeth 嚼碎或咀嚼（食物）: * Chew your food well before you swallow it. 食物要先嚼烂再下 . 2 (idm 习语) bite off more than one can chew => bite1. ,chew the `cud (of sth) reflect upon sth already said or done; ponder sth 回味、 体味、 玩味某事物; 深思某事物. ,chew the `fat/`rag (infml 口) talk about sth, often in a grumbling or argumentative way 谈论某事物（常为以抱怨或争辩的方式）; 发牢骚; 唠叨; 拌嘴. 3 (phr v) chew sth over (infml 口) think about sth slowly and carefully （从容审慎地）细想某事物: * ,chew over a `problem 仔细考虑一个问题 * I'll give you till tomorrow to ,chew it `over. 我给你一天时间考虑考虑这问题. 派生： chew n 1 act of chewing 咀嚼. 2 thing that can be chewed, eg a sweet or a piece of tobacco 可以咀嚼的东西（如糖果或烟草）. 复合： `chewing-gum (also gum) n [U] sticky substance flavoured and sweetened for prolonged chewing 口香糖.

Chianti
[ki'Anti; ki'Anti] n [C, U] (particular type of) dry red or white wine, from central Italy 基安蒂葡萄酒（意大利中部产的不甜的红的或白的葡萄酒）.

chiaroscuro
[ki7a:rE'skuErEu; ki7arE'skuro] n [U] (art 美术) 1 treatment of the light and dark parts in a painting 明暗对照法（绘画中明暗部分的处理法）. 2 use of contrast in literature, music, etc （文学、 音乐等中使用的）对比法.

chic
[Fi:k; Fik] adj elegant and stylish 高雅的: * She always looks very chic. 她的样子总是很高雅. 派生： chic n [U] stylishness and elegance 高雅: She dresses with chic. 她的穿着雅致.

chicanery
[Fi'keinEri; Fi'kenEri] n 1 [U] use of clever but misleading talk in order to trick sb, esp in legal matters; dishonest practice 耍花招哄骗别人（尤指於法律事务中）; 不诚实的行为: * accuse a politician of chicanery 谴责一政客的欺骗手段. 2 [C] trick or deception 哄骗; 欺骗.

chick
pea

chicken
[5tFikin; 5tFikin] n 1 [C] young bird, esp of the domestic fowl 雏鸟; （尤指）小鸡. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page v. 2 (a) [C] domestic fowl kept for its eggs or meat 鸡: * keep chickens 养鸡. Cf 参看 cock1, hen. (b) [U] its flesh eaten as food 鸡肉: * slices of roast chicken 烧烤鸡肉片. 3 [C] (sl 俚) coward 胆小鬼; 懦夫. 4 [U] (sl 俚) children's game that tests sb's courage in the face of danger （儿童的）胆量比试游戏. 5 (idm 习语) be ,no (spring) `chicken (infml 口) (esp of women) be no longer young （尤指女子）已不年轻. count one's chickens => count1. 派生： chicken v (phr v) chicken out (of sth) (infml 口) decide not to do sth because one is afraid 因害怕而决定不做某事: He had an appointment to see the dentist but he chickened out (of it) at the last moment. 他已预约治牙, 但到时候却不敢去了. chicken adj [pred 作表语] (sl 俚) cowardly 胆小; 怯懦. 复合： `chicken-feed n [U] 1 food for poultry 家禽饲料. 2 (fig infml 比喻, 口) small amount, esp of money 少量（尤指钱）: Your salary is chicken-feed compared to what you could earn in America. 你的薪水和美国的相比, 太少了. ,chicken-`hearted adj lacking courage; cowardly 缺乏勇气的; 胆小的. `chicken-pox n [U] disease, esp of children, with a mild fever and itchy red spots on the skin 水痘: catch chicken-pox 患水痘. `chicken-run n area surrounded by a fence where chickens are kept 鸡圈. `chicken wire type of thin wire netting 细铁丝网.

chickweed
[5tFikwi:d; 5tFik7wid] n [U] common type of weed with small white flowers , .

chicle
[5tFikl; 5tFikl] n [U] milky juice of a tropical American tree, the main ingredient of chewing-gum 糖胶树胶（美洲热带树的乳汁, 制口香糖的主要原料）.

chicory
[5tFikEri; 5tFikEri] n [U] (a) (also endive) blue-flowered plant, the leaves of which are eaten raw in salads 菊苣（开蓝花, 叶可作色拉）. (b) these leaves 菊苣叶. (c) root of this plant, roasted, ground and used with or instead of coffee 菊苣根（烤後磨碎与咖啡同用或作其代用品）.

chide
[5tFaid; tFaid] v (pt chided[5tFaidid; 5tFaidid] or chid/tFid; tFid] , pp chided, chid or chidden[5tFidn;'tFidn] ) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth) (dated or fml 旧或文) rebuke; scold 指责; 责骂: * She chided him for his laziness. 她责备他懒惰.

chief
[tFi:f; tFif] n 1 leader or ruler, esp of a tribe or clan 领袖; 统治者; （尤指）酋长, 族长. 2 person with the highest rank in an organization, a department, etc （组织、 部门等的）最高级别的人, 首长, 领导人, 主任: * a chief of police 警长. 派生： chief adj 1 [esp attrib 尤作定语] most important; main; principal 最重要的; 主要的; 首要的: the chief rivers of India 印度主要的河流 * The chief thing to remember is... 要记住的最重要的事是... * Smoking is one of the chief causes of lung cancer. 吸烟是导致肺癌的主要成因之一. 2 [attrib 作定语] having the highest rank or authority 最高级别的; 最高权威的: the chief priest 祭司长. chiefly adv (a) above all; principally 首先; 首要地: The Government is chiefly concerned with controlling inflation. 政府的当务之急是控制通货膨胀. (b) mostly; mainly 大部分; 主要地: Air consists chiefly of nitrogen. 空气主要由氮气组成. 复合： Chief `Constable (Brit) head of the police force in a particular area （一地区的）警察局长. ,Chief of `Staff (in the armed forces) highest ranking member of the group of officers serving under and advising a commander （军队的）参谋长. -in-`chief (forming compound ns 用以构成复合名词): editor-in-chief, ie chief editor * commander-in-chief.

chieftain
[5tFi:ftEn; 5tFiftEn] n leader of a tribe or clan; chief （部落或氏族的）首领, 领袖; 酋长: * a Highland chieftain 高地族长.

chiffon
[5FifCn; - Fi'fCn; Fi'fan] n [U] thin, almost transparent fabric made of silk, nylon, etc 雪纺绸, 薄绸（丝、 尼龙等制成的近乎透明的薄织物）: * [attrib 作定语] a chiffon scarf 丝头巾.

chignon
[5Fi:njCn; 5Finjan] n woman's hair twisted into a coil or thick knot at the back of the head 发髻.

chihuahua
[tFi'wa:wE; - tFi'wa:wa:; tFi'wawa] n type of very small smooth-haired dog, originally from Mexico 奇瓦瓦狗（毛光滑的小狗, 产自墨西哥）.

chilblain
[5tFilblein; 5tFil7blen] n (usu pl 通常作复数) painful swelling, esp on the hand or foot, caused by exposure to cold 冻疮.

child
[tFaild; tFaild] n (pl children[5tFildrEn; 5tFildrEn] ) 1 (a) young human being below the age of puberty; boy or girl 儿童: * a child of six, ie one who is six years old 六岁的儿童 * [attrib 作定语] a child actor 儿童演员. (b) son or daughter (of any age) （任何年龄的）儿子或女儿: * an only child, ie one with no brothers or sisters 独生子女 * She is married with three children. 她已婚, 有叁个孩子. =>App 8 见附录8. (c) unborn or newly born human being; baby 胎儿; 婴儿: * She is expecting (ie is pregnant with) her first child. 她不久要生头胎. 2 (a) person who behaves like a child 行为像孩子的人: * You wouldn't think a man of forty could be such a child. 想不到四十岁的人竟像个孩子. (b) inexperienced person 没有经验的人: * He's a child in financial matters. 他在财务方面毫无经验. 3 ~ of sth person or thing strongly influenced by a period, place or person 受某时期、 地方或人强烈影响的人或事物; 产儿; 产物: * She's a real child of the(19)60's. 她是真正的（二十世纪）六十年代的产儿. 4 (idm 习语) be with child (arch 古) be pregnant 怀孕. the child is father of the man (saying 谚) the experiences of childhood determine a person's character as an adult 童年的经历可决定成年後的性格. `child's play (infml 口) thing that is very easy to do 容易做的事: * It's not a difficult climb it should be child's play for an experienced mountaineer. 这次攀登并不难--对於有经验的登山运动员应是轻而易举的事. an only child => only1. spare the rod and spoil the child => spare2. 派生： childhood[5tFaildhud; 5tFaild7hud] n 1 [U, C] condition or period of being a child 童年; 幼年时代: * the joys of childhood 童年的快乐 * She had an unhappy childhood. 她的童年很不幸. * [attrib 作定语] childhood memories 童年的回忆.

child1
2 (idm 习语) a/one's second `childhood (often joc 常作戏谑语) period in later life when one acts as one did as a child 行为像孩提时的晚年时期; 老小孩: * He's in his second childhood, playing with his grandson's toy trains. 他返老还童, 玩儿他孙子的玩具火车. childless adj having no children 无子女的: a childless couple/marriage 无子女的夫妻[婚姻生活]. 复合： `child-bearing n [U] giving birth to children 生孩子: [attrib 作定语] She's past child-bearing age. 她已过生育年龄. child `benefit (Brit) payment made by the Government to parents of children up to a certain age 儿童补助金（政府发给儿童的父母, 到儿童某一年龄为止）. `childbirth n [U] process of giving birth to a child 分娩: She died in childbirth. 她分娩时死亡. `childlike adj (esp approv 尤作褒义) like or characteristicof a child; innocent; not devious 孩子般的; 孩子气的; 天真的; 无邪的: childlike enjoyment, trust, honesty, etc 孩子般的欢乐、 信任、 诚实等. Cf 参看 childish. `child-minder n (esp Brit) person who is paid to look after children, esp those of parents who are both at work 受雇照顾孩子的人（尤指因孩子父母都工作）. `child-proof adj (of equipment, appliances, etc) which cannot be operated, opened, damaged, etc by a young child （指设备、 用具等）防儿童的（不能被幼儿开动、 打开、 损坏...的）: Most car doors are now fitted with child-proof locks. 汽车门现在大都装有预防儿童开启的锁.

childish
[5tFaildiF; 5tFaildiF] (a) (characteristic) of a child 孩子（特有）的: * childish laughter 孩子的笑声. (b) (derog 贬) (of an adult) (behaving) like a child; immature; silly （指成人）（举止）像孩子的, 幼稚的, 傻里傻气的: * Don'tbe so childish! 不要这麽孩子气! * a childish attitude, fear,remark 幼稚的态度、 恐惧、 言语. Cf 参看 childlike (child). 派生： childishly adv: behave childishly 表现得像孩子. childishness n [U].

chili
(US) = chilli.

chill
[tFil; tFil] n 1 [sing] unpleasant coldness in the air, in the body, in water, etc 寒冷: * There's quite a chill in the air this morning. 今晨空气很寒冷. 2 [C] illness caused by cold and damp, with shivering of the body; feverish cold 受寒; 着凉; 感冒发烧: * catch a chill 着凉. 3 [sing] (fig 比喻) feeling of gloom or depression 冷淡; 寒心: * The bad news cast a chill over the gathering. 这坏消息使参加聚会的人颇为扫兴. 派生： chill v 1 [Tn] make (sb/sth) cold 使（某人）感到冷; 使（某物）冷却: The March wind chilled us. 叁月的风使我们感到十分寒冷. * (fig 比喻) His sinister threat chilled (ie frightened) all who heard it. 他这一凶恶的威胁使所有听到的人不寒而栗. 2 (a) [I, Tn] (cause food and drink to) become cool, eg in a refrigerator （指食物和饮料）变凉或冷却（如在冰箱中）: Let the pudding chill for an hour. 把布丁冰镇一小时. * This wine is best served chilled. 这种葡萄酒最好冷饮. (b) [Tn] preserve (food) at a low temperature without freezing it 冷藏（在低温而未冰冻的情况下保存）（食物）: chilled beef 冷藏的牛肉. 3 [Tn] lessen (sth); dampen 减少（某事物）; 减轻: The raw weather chilled our enthusiasm for a swim. 天气阴冷, 我们游泳的兴致大减. 4 (idm 习语) chill sb to the `bone/`marrow make sb very cold 使某人感到非常冷: Come by the fire you must be chilled to the marrow! 到火旁边来吧--你一定冻坏了. chill adj = chilly: a chill wind 寒风. chilling[5tFiliN; 5tFiliN] adj frightening 吓人的: * a chilling ghost story 吓人的鬼故事. chilly[5tFili; 5tFili] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 rather cold; unpleasantly cold 寒冷的; 冷得难受的: * a chilly day, morning, room 寒冷的天、 早晨、 房间 * feel chilly 感到寒冷. 2 (fig 比喻) unfriendly 冷淡的; 不友好的: * a chilly welcome, reception, stare 冷淡的迎接、 接待、 注视

chill1
* chilly politeness 冷淡的客套. chilliness n [U].

chilli
(US chili)[5tFili; 5tFili] n (pl chillies; US chilies) [C, U] small pod of a type of pepper plant, often dried or made into powder and used to give a hot taste to food 辣椒: * How much chilli did you put in the curry? 你在咖喱食品中放了多少辣椒? * [attrib 作定语] chilli peppers 辣椒 * `chilli powder 辣椒粉. 复合： ,chilli con `carne/kCn 'ka:ni; kan 'karni] stew of minced beef and kidney beans, flavoured with chillies or chilli powder 辣味牛肉末炖菜豆.

chime
[tFaim; tFaim] n 1 set of tuned bells 成套编钟; 排钟: * a chime of bells 一套编钟. 2 series of notes sounded by such a set 编钟发出的声音: * ring the chimes 敲编钟 * the chime of church bells/of the clock 教堂钟[时钟]的钟声. 派生： chime v 1 (a) [I] (of bells) sound a chime; ring （指钟）敲出乐声; 响: cathedral bells chiming 大教堂钟声在响. (b) [Tn] cause (bells) to ring 使（钟）响; 敲. 2 [I, Tn] (of bells or a clock) show (the time) by ringing （指钟或时钟）响声报（时）: The church clock chimed (at) midnight. 教堂午夜钟响报时. 3 (phr v) chime in (with sth) (infml 口) interrupt a conversation 插话: He kept chiming in with his own opinions. 他不断插话发表意见. chime (in) with sth (infml 口) fit sth; suit sth 符合某事; 适合某事: It's good that your plans chime (in) with ours. 你们的计划和我们的相↘合, 真是好极了.

chimera
(also chimaera)[kai'miErE; kai'mirE] n 1 imaginary monster made up of parts of several different animals （由几种动物的各部分构成的）假想的怪物. 2 (fig 比喻) wild or impossible idea 不可能实现的想法; 幻想; 妄想. 派生： chimerical/kai'merikl; kai'merikl] adj unreal; fanciful 不真实的; 奇异的: * chimerical ideas, schemes, etc 异想天开的主意、 计划等.

chimney
[5tFimni; 5tFimni] n 1 structure through which smoke or steam is carried away from a fire, furnace, etc and through the roof or wall of a building 烟囱: * a blocked chimney 堵塞的烟囱 * factory chimneys 工厂的烟囱. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page vii. 2 glass tube that protects the flame of an oil-lamp from draughts （油灯的）玻璃灯罩. 3 (in mountaineering) narrow opening in a rock or cliff up which a person may climb （登山中）（岩石或峭壁中的）狭孔（可供人攀登的）. =>illus at mountain 见mountain之插图. 复合： `chimney-breast n projecting part of the wall of a room which encloses the bottom of the chimney and the fireplace 壁炉腔. `chimney-piece n = mantelpiece. `chimney-pot n short metal or earthenware pipe fitted to the top of a chimney 烟囱管帽（装在烟囱顶上的短的金属管或陶管）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page vii. `chimney-stack n group of chimneys standing together, esp on a roof 烟囱体（立在一起的一组烟囱, 尤指屋顶上的）. `chimney-sweep (also sweep) n person whose job is removing soot, etc from inside chimneys 烟囱清洁工.

chimp
[tFimp; tFimp] n (infml 口) chimpanzee 黑猩猩.

chimpanzee
[7tFimpEn'zi:, 7tFimpAn'zi:; 7tFimpAn'zi] n type of small African ape 黑猩猩. =>illus at ape 见ape之插图.

chin
[5tFin; tFin] n 1 part of the face below the mouth; front part of the lower jaw 颏; 下巴: * a double chin, ie a fold of fat under the chin 双下巴. =>illus at head 见head之插图. 2 (idm 习语) chuck sb under the chin => chuck1. keep one's `chin up (infml 口) remain cheerful in difficult circumstances 在困难环境下仍然乐观; 毫不气馁. 派生： chinless adj 1 having a small chin, regarded as a sign of a weak character 小下巴的（视为性格懦弱的标志）. 2 (idm 习语) a chinless `wonder (Brit infml 口) (esp young upper-class) person with a weak character （尤指上层社会的青年）性格懦弱者. 复合： `chin-strap n strap on a helmet, etc, that fastens under the chin 下颏带（钢盔等上系在颏下的带子）. `chin-wag n (Brit infml 口) chat 聊天; 闲谈: have a chin-wag 聊天.

china
[5tFainE; 5tFainE] n [U] 1 (a) fine baked and glazed white clay; porcelain 瓷; 瓷料; 瓷器: * made of china 瓷制的 * [attrib 作定语] a china vase 瓷花瓶. (b) objects made of this, eg cups, saucers, plates 瓷制品（如杯、 碟、 盘）: * household china 家用瓷器 * Shall we use the (ieour) best china? 我们是用（我们）最好的瓷器吗? 2 (idm 习语) a bull in a china shop => bull1. 复合：china `clay = kaolin. `china-cupboard n cupboard in which china is kept or displayed 瓷器柜（放置或展示瓷器的柜）. `chinaware n [U] = china 1.

chinchilla
[tFin'tFilE; tFin'tFilE] n 1 [C] small squirrel-like S American animal 毛丝鼠（南美洲像松鼠的小动物）. 2 [U] soft grey fur of this animal 毛丝鼠的软灰毛皮.

chine
[tFain; tFain] n (a) animal's backbone （动物的）脊骨, 脊柱, 脊椎. (b) joint of meat including part of this 脊肉（带部分脊骨的肉）; 排骨肉.

chink
1[tFink; tFiNk] n 1 narrow opening; crack; slit 缝隙; 裂口; 裂缝: * Sunlight entered the room through a chink in the curtains. 阳光穿过窗 的缝隙照射到室内. * He peeped through a chink in the fence. 他从围栏的缝隙窥视. 2 (idm 习语) a chink in sb's `armour weak point or flaw in sb's argument, character, etc （论点、 性格等的）弱点或缺陷.

chintz
[tFints; tFints] n [U] type of (usu glazed) cotton cloth with a printed design, used for curtains, furniture covers, etc （通常擦光的）印花棉布（用作窗 、 家具罩布等）.

chip
1[tFip; tFip] n 1 thin piece cut or broken off from wood, stone, china, glass, etc （木、 石、 瓷、 玻璃等切割下或碰下的）薄片, 破片, 碎块, 碎屑: * a chip of wood 木屑. 2 place from which such a piece has been broken （这种碎块所留下的）缺损处: * This mug has a chip in it. 这个缸子上有个缺口. =>illus 见插图. 3 (US French `fry) (usu pl 通常作复数) thin strip of potato fried in deep fat 炸马铃薯条: * a plate of chips 一盘炸土豆条 *,fish and `chips, ie fish coated in batter, fried and served with chips 炸鱼和炸土豆条. =>illus at potato 见potato之插图. 4 (US) = crisp n. 5 flat plastic counter2(1) used to represent money, esp in gambling 筹码（用以代钱, 尤用於赌博）. 6 = microchip. 7 (also `chip shot) (esp in golf and football) shot or kick that travels steeply upwards and then lands within a short distance （尤指高尔夫球和足球）高球. 8 (idm 习语) a ,chip off the old `block (infml 口) person (esp a man or boy) who is like his father in character 性格像父亲的人（尤指男的）. have a `chip on one's shoulder (infml 口) be bitter, resentful or defiant because one feels that one's past, background, physical appearance, etc, causes other people to be prejudiced against one 因感到自己的过去、 背景、 外貌等使别人产生偏见而怀恨、 不满或对抗: * She's got a chip on her shoulder about not having gone to university. 她因为没有进入大学而愤愤不平. have had one's `chips (Brit sl 俚) be dead, dying or defeated 已死、 垂死或受挫. when the chips are down (infml 口) when a crisis point is reached 危急关头: * When the chips were down he found the courage to carry on. 他在关键时刻勇於坚持到底. 复合： `chipboard n [U] building material made of compressed wood chips and resin 刨花板（用压缩木片和树脂制成的建 材料）.

chipmunk
[5tFipmQNk; 5tFipmQNk] n small striped squirrel-like N American animal 花鼠（北美洲产, 有条纹, 似松鼠）.

chipolata
[7tFipE'la:tE; 7tFipE'latE] n (esp Brit) small sausage 小香肠.

Chippendale
[5tFipEndeil; 5tFipEn7del] n [U] elegant style of 18th-century English furniture 奇彭代尔式家具（18世纪英国精美的家具）: * [attrib 作定语] Chippendale chairs 奇彭代尔式的椅子.

chiropodist
[ki'rCpEdist; kE'rapEdist] (US podiatrist)n person whose job is treating or preventing minor disorders of people's feet 足科治疗师. 派生： chiropody/ki'rCpEdi; kE'rapEdi] (US podiatry) n [U] such treatment 足病治疗与预防术.

chiropractor
[5kaiErEuprAktE(r); 5kairE7prAktl] n person whose job is treating diseases by manipulating people's joints, esp those of the spine 按摩师. 派生： chiropractic[7kaiErEu'prAktik; 7kairE'prAktik] n [U] such treatment 按摩（尤指脊关节）疗法.

chirp
[tFE:p; tFEp] n short sharp sound made by a small bird or a cricket （小鸟或蟋蟀发出的）短而尖的叫声; 啁啾声; 唧唧声: * the chirp of a sparrow 麻雀叽叽喳喳的叫声. 派生： chirp v [I, Ip] make this sound 作唧唧声: birds chirping (away) merrily in the trees 树林中快乐地叽叽喳喳叫（个不停）的小鸟.

chirpy
[5tFE:pi; 5tFEpi] adj (-ier, -iest) (Brit infml 口) lively and cheerful 活泼的; 快活的: * You seem very chirpy today! 今天你好像很快活似的! > chirpily adv: * whistle chirpily 快活地吹口哨. chirpiness n [U].

chirrup
[5tFirEp; 5tFirEp] n series of chirps 连续的唧唧声. 派生： chirrup v (-p-) [I] make a chirrup; twitter 唧唧叫.

chisel
[5tFizl; 5tFizl] n tool with a sharp cutting edge at the end, for shaping wood, stone or metal 凿子; 錾子. =>illus 见插图. 派生： chisel v (-ll-; US also -l-) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] (a) ~ sth (into sth) cut or shape sth with a chisel 用凿子或錾子凿开或凿成某物: The sculptor chiselled the lump of marble into a fine statue. 雕刻家把大理石块凿成优美的雕像. * (fig 比喻) a woman with (finely) chiselled features, ie a sharply defined face 眉清目秀的女人. (b) ~ sth (out of sth) form sth using a chisel 用凿子做成某物: a temple chiselled out of solid rock 在岩石中凿出的庙宇. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (out of sth) (sl 俚) cheat or swindle sb 欺骗或诈骗某人. chiseller n (US also chiseler) person who chisels (chisel 2) people; swindler 骗子.

chit
1[tFit; tFit] n 1 young child 幼儿. 2 (usu derog 通常作贬义) small or thin young woman 瘦小的少女: * a mere chit of a girl 只是个黄毛丫头.

chivalry
[5FivElri; 5Fivlri] n [U] 1 (a) (in the Middle Ages) ideal qualities expected of a knight, such as courage, honour, courtesy and concern for the weak and helpless （中世纪的）骑士精神（如勇气、 荣誉感、 谦恭及扶助弱小等）. (b) religious, moral and social system of the Middle Ages, based on these qualities 骑士制度: * the age of chivalry 骑士制度时代. 2 courtesy and considerate behaviour, esp towards women 谦恭有礼及体贴殷勤（尤指对女子）. 派生： chivalrous[5FivlrEs; 5FivlrEs] adj 1 (in the Middle Ages) showing the qualities of a perfect knight （中世纪的）表现出完美的骑士精神的. 2 (of men) courteous and considerate towards women; gallant （指男子）对女子谦恭有礼及体贴殷勤的, 有骑士风度的: * a chivalrous old gentleman 彬彬有体的绅士. chivalrously adv.

chive
[tFaiv; tFaiv] n [C] (a) small herb with purple flowers and slender onion-flavoured leaves 细香葱（开紫花, 叶狭长有洋葱味）. (b) (usu pl 通常作复数) these leaves chopped and used to flavour or decorate salads, etc 细香葱叶（作色拉调料或装饰用切碎的）.

chivvy
(also chivy)[5tFivi; 5tFivi] v (pt, pp chivvied, chivied) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p, Cn.t] ~ sb (into sth/along) (infml 口) continuously urge sb to do sth, often in an annoying way 不断催促某人做某事（常使人烦恼）: * His mother kept on chivvying him to get his hair cut. 他母亲一直唠唠叨叨地催他去理发.

chloride
[5klC:raid; 5klCraid] n [U] compound of chlorine and one other element 氯化物: * sodium chloride 氯化钠.

chlorine
[5klC:ri:n; 5klCrin] n [U] chemical element, a poisonous greenish-yellow gas with a pungent smell, used to sterilize water and in industry 氯. =>App 10 见附录10. 派生： chlorinate[5klC:rineit; 5klCri7net] v [Tn] treat or sterilize (esp water) with chlorine 用氯处理或消毒（尤指水）: * Is the swimming-pool chlorinated? 游泳池的水用氯消毒了吗? chlorination[7klC:ri5neiFn; 7klCri5neFEn] n [U].

chloroform
[5klCrEfC:m; - 'klC:r-; 5klCrE7fCrm] n [U] colourless liquid, the vapour of which makes a person unconscious when it is breathed in 氯仿. 派生： chloroform v [Tn] make (sb) unconscious with this 用氯仿使（某人）失去知觉.

chlorophyll
[5klCrEfil; - 'klC:r-; 5klCrE7fil] n [U] green substance in plants that absorbs energy from sunlight to help them grow 叶绿素. Cf 参看 photosynthesis.

ChM
[7si: eitF 'em; 7si etF 'em] abbr 缩写 = Master of Surgery (Latin Chirurgiae Magister) 外科硕士（源自拉丁文Chirurgiae Magister）: * have/be a ChM 有外科硕士学位[为外科硕士] * John Wall ChM 约翰．沃尔外科硕士.

choc
[tFCk; tFak] n (Brit infml 口) chocolate 巧克力: * a box of chocs 一盒巧克力. 复合： `choc-ice (also `choc-bar) n (Brit) small block of ice-cream thinly coated with chocolate 巧克力脆皮冰棍儿.

chock
[tFCk; tFak] n block or wedge used to prevent a wheel, barrel, door, etc, from moving （用以防止轮子、 桶、 门等移动的）垫块. 派生： chock v [Tn] wedge (sth) with a chock or chocks 用垫块塞住（某物）. 复合： ,chock-a-`block adj [pred 作表语] ~ (with sth/sb) completely full; tightly packed 充满; 塞满: The town centre was chock-a-block (with traffic). 市中心（车辆）挤得水泄不通. chock-`full adj [pred 作表语] ~ (of sth/sb) completely full 充满: The dustbin is chock-full (of rubbish). 垃圾箱塞满了（垃圾）.

chocolate
[5tFCklEt; 5tFakElEt] n 1 [U] brown edible substance in the form of powder or a block, made from roasted and crushed cacao seeds 巧克力. 2 [U, C] sweet made of or coated with this 巧克力糖; 夹心巧克力糖: * a bar of (milk/plain) chocolate 一条（牛奶的[纯的]）巧克力糖 * a box of chocolates 一盒巧克力糖 * Have another chocolate. 再吃一块巧克力糖. 3 [U] drink made by mixing powdered chocolate with hot water or milk 巧克力粉与热水或奶混合制成的饮料: * a mug of hot chocolate 一缸子热巧克力饮料. 4 [sing] colour of chocolate; dark brown 巧克力色; 深褐色. 派生： chocolate adj 1 made or coated with chocolate 用巧克力制成的; 有巧克力糖衣的: chocolate sauce 巧克力汁 * a chocolate biscuit 巧克力饼乾. 2 having the colour of chocolate; dark brown 巧克力色的; 深褐色的: a chocolate carpet 深褐色地毯.

choice
[5tFCis; tFCis] n 1 [C] ~ (between A and B) act of choosing between two or more possibilities 挑选; 选择: * make a choice 做出选择 * We are faced with a difficult choice. 我们面临困难的抉择. * What influenced you most in your choice of career? 在你选择职业时, 对你影响最大的因素是什麽? 2 [U] right or possibility of choosing 选择的权利或可能性: * He had no choice but to resign, ie Resigning was the only thing he could do. 他除了辞职别无他途. * If I had the choice, I would retire at thirty. 假如我有选择的馀地, 我叁十岁就退休. 3 [C] one of two or more possibilities from which sb may choose; alternative 可供选择的可能性之一; 另一选择: * You have several choices open to you. 有几种可能性供你选择. 4 [C] person or thing chosen 选中的人或物; 中选者: * She wouldn't be my choice as Prime Minister. 她不是我看中做首相的人. * I don't like his choice of (ie the people he chooses as his) friends. 我不喜欢他找的那类朋友. 5 [U] variety from which to choose; range 供选择的种类; 范围: * There's not much choice in the shops. 这些商店中没有多少可挑选的东西. 6 (idm 习语) be spoilt for choice => spoil. for choice preferably 宁可. of one's choice that one chooses 某人所选定的: * First prize in the competition will be a meal at the restaurant of your choice. 获头奖者可自选饭店用一餐. out of/from choice willingly 愿意地: * do sth out of choice 出於自愿做某事物. you pays your money and you takes your choice => pay2. 派生： choice adj (-r, -st) 1 [esp attrib 尤作定语] (esp of fruit and vegetables) of very good quality （尤指水果和蔬菜）优质的. 2 carefully chosen 精选的: She summed up the situation in a few choice phrases. 她言简意赅地总结了情况. * (joc 谑) He used some pretty choice (ie rude or offensive) language! 他使用粗鄙的语言!

choir
[5kwaiE(r); kwair] n 1 [CGp] organized group of singers, esp one that performs in church services 合唱队（尤指教堂作礼拜时合唱者的）; 唱诗班: * She sings in the school choir. 她在校唱诗班唱歌. 2 [C] part of a church where these singers sit 教堂中唱诗班坐的席位: * [attrib 作定语] choir stalls 唱诗班席位. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page viii. 复合： `choirboy n boy who sings in a church choir 唱诗班的男童歌手. `choirmaster n person who trains and conducts a choir 唱诗班指挥. `choir school school attached to or associated with a cathedral or college 唱诗班学校（附属於大教堂或学院或与之有关的学校）.

choke
[tFEuk; tFok] v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (on sth) be unable to breathe because one's windpipe is blocked by sth 窒息: * She choked (to death) on a fish bone. 鱼刺把她卡住而窒息（致死）. 2 [Tn] cause (sb) to stop breathing by squeezing or blocking the windpipe; (of smoke, etc) make (sb) unable to breathe easily （掐住或阻塞气管）使（某人）停止呼吸; （指烟等）使（某人）难以呼吸; 呛: * choke the life out of sb 扼死某人 * The fumes almost choked me. 烟雾几乎把我呛死. 3 [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (with sth) (cause sb to) become speechless （使某人）说不出话来: * She was choking with emotion. 她激动得说不出话来. * Anger choked his words. 他气得说不出话来. 4 [Tn, Tn.pr esp passive 尤用於被动语态, Tn.p esp passive 尤用於被动语态] ~ sth (up) (with sth) block or fill (a passage, space, etc); clog or smother sth 阻塞, 充满（通道、 空间等）; 填满某物; 窒息某物: * The drains are choked (up) with dead leaves. 下水道被枯叶堵住. * The garden is choked with weeds. 花园杂草丛生. 5 (phr v) choke sth back restrain or suppress sth 克制、 抑制、 忍住或压制某事物: * choke back one's tears, anger, indignation 忍住眼泪、 愤怒、 义愤. choke sth down swallow sth with difficulty 困难地咽下某物. choke sb off (infml 口) (a) interrupt sb rudely or abruptly 粗鲁地或突然阻止某人. (b) reprimand sb severely (for doing sth) 严厉申斥某人（之所为）. 派生： choke n 1 act or sound of choking 窒息; 窒息时发出的声音. 2 (knob which operates the) valve controlling the flow of air into a petrol engine 阻风门（开关）（控制进入汽油机空气量的阀门）: Won't your car start? Try giving it a bit more choke, ie letting more air into the engine by pulling out the choke. 你的汽车不能启动啦? 把阻风门开大一点儿（外拉阻风门钮让更多的空气进入发动机）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xii. choked adj [pred 作表语] ~ (about sth) (infml 口) upset; angry 心烦; 愤怒: He was pretty choked about being dropped from the team. 他因为队里未选用他而耿耿於怀.

choker
[5tFEukE(r); 5tFokl] n close-fitting necklace or band of material worn round the throat by women （女子紧围颈部的）项链或箍带: * a pearl choker 短的珍珠项链.

cholera
[5kClErE; 5kalErE] n [U] infectious and often fatal disease causing severe diarrhoea and vomiting, common in hot countries 霍乱: * an outbreak of cholera 霍乱突然蔓延 * [attrib 作定语] a cholera epidemic 霍乱流行.

choleric
[5kClErik; 5kalErik] adj easily angered; bad-tempered 易怒的; 坏脾气的.

cholesterol
[kE'lestErCl; kE'lestE7rCl] n [U] fatty substance found in animal fluids and tissue, thought to cause hardening of the arteries 胆固醇: * [attrib 作定语] A high cholesterol level in the blood can cause heart disease. 血液中胆固醇含量高可导致心脏病.

choose
[tFu:z; tFuz] v (pt chose/tFEuz; tFoz] , pp chosen[5tFEuzn; 5tFozn] ) 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.n/a, Cn.t] ~ (between A and/or B); ~ (A) (from B); ~ sb/sth as sth pick out or select (sb/sth that one prefers or considers the best, most suitable, etc) from a number of alternatives 选择, 挑选, 选取（某人[某事物]）: * choose carefully 细心挑选 * She had to choose between giving up her job or hiring a nanny. 她得在放弃工作和雇用保姆两者间作一选择. * We offer a wide range of holidays to choose from. 我们提供各种旅游度假方式可供选择. * choose a carpet, career, chairman 挑选地毯、 选择职业、 选举主席 * We have to choose a new manager from a short-list of five candidates. 我们得从五位候选人中挑选新经理. * The Americans chose Mr Clinton as president/to be president. 美国人选举了克林顿先生任[当]总统. 2 (a) [Tw no passive 不用於被动语态, Tt] decide (to do one thing rather than another) 决定（做一事而不做另一事）: * Have you chosen what you want for your birthday? 你过生日要什麽东西决定了吗? * We chose to go by train. 我们决定乘火车去. (b) [I, Tt] like; prefer 喜欢; 愿意: * You may do as you choose. 你喜欢怎麽做就怎麽做. * The author chooses to remain anonymous. 作者愿不署名. 3 (idm 习语) pick and choose => pick3. there is nothing, not much, little, etc to choose between A and B there is very little difference between two or more things or people 事物与事物或人与人之间无甚差别. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Select suggests a more carefully considered decision than choose *用select表示所作出的决定比用choose考虑得更为周到: Our shops select only the very best quality produce. 我们商店都是精选的质量最高的产品. Pick is less formal than select *pick比select通俗: Who are you going to pick for the team? 你打算挑选谁参加这个队? Choose suggests a freely made decision and can refer to a decision between only two items. (We usually select or pick from a number greater than two) 用choose表示的是自由作出的决定, 可仅指两者之间. （不止两项时通常用select或pick）: She chose the red sweater rather than the pink one. 她选中那件红毛衣而不要那件粉红的. Opt

choose1
(for) refers to the choice of courses of action rather than of items and suggests the weighing up of advantages and disadvantages *opt (for) 所指的选择对象是行动而不是项目, 且有权衡利弊之意: Most people opt for buying their own homes rather than renting them. 大多数人愿意买房子而不愿意租房子.

choosy
(also choosey)[5tFu:zi; 5tFuzi] adj (-sier, -siest) (infml 口) careful in choosing; fussy or hard to please 精心挑选的; 挑剔的; 难以取悦的: * She's very choosy about who she goes out with. 她愿意和谁幽会不愿意和谁幽会是很挑剔的. > choosiness n [U].

chop
suey

chopper
[5tFCpE(r); 5tFapl] n 1 chopping tool, esp a short axe or a butcher's heavy knife with a large blade 砍割工具（尤指短斧或屠夫的宽刃重刀）; 砍刀; 屠刀. 2 (infml 口) helicopter 直升飞机.

choppy
[5tFCpi; 5tFapi] adj (-ier, -iest) (of the sea) moving in short broken waves; slightly rough （指海洋）有浪花起伏的, 稍有波浪的. > choppiness n [U].

chopsticks
[5tFCpstiks; 5tFap7stiks] n [pl] pair of thin sticks made of wood, ivory, etc, used in China, Japan, etc for lifting food to the mouth 筷子.

choral
[5kC:rEl; 5kCrEl] adj of, composed for or sung by a choir 唱诗班的; 为唱诗班创作的; 由唱诗班演唱的: * a choral society 唱诗班合唱团 * choral evensong 合唱晚祷 * Beethoven's choral symphony 贝多芬的合唱交响曲.

chorale
[kE'ra:l; kE'ral] n 1 (music for a) hymn sung by a choir and congregation together, as part of a church service 众赞歌（曲调）. 2 (esp US) group of singers; choir 合唱队; 唱诗班.

chord
1[kC:d; kCrd] n (in music) combination of notes usu sounded together in harmony （音乐的）和弦, 和音.

chore
[tFC:(r); tFCr] n 1 small routine task 日常的零星事务; 琐事: * do the chores, eg the housework 干杂活儿（如家务活儿） * household/domestic chores, ie dusting, ironing, making the beds, etc 家务杂活儿（打扫、 熨衣、 铺床等）. 2 unpleasant or tiring task 讨厌的或累人的工作: * She finds shopping a chore. 她认为买东西是烦人的事.

choreograph
[ 5kCrIEgrB:f, also -grAf; ?@ 5kR:rIEgrAf; `kRrIE9^rAf] v [Tn] design and arrange steps and dances for (a ballet, etc) 为（芭蕾舞等）设计舞步与编舞; 设计舞蹈动作.

choreography
[7kCri5CgrEfi; - 7kC:ri-; 7kCri5agrEfi] n [U] (art of designing and arranging) steps for ballet and dancing on stage （芭蕾舞和其他舞台舞的）舞步（的设计与编排艺术）. > choreographer[7kCri5CgrEfE(r); - 7kC:ri-; 7kCri5agrEfl] n. choreographic[7kCriE'grAfik; - 7kC:ri-; 7kCriE'grAfik] adj.

chorister
[5kCristE(r); - 'kC:r-; 5kCristl] n member of a choir, esp a choirboy 唱诗班歌手（尤指男童歌手）.

chortle
[5tFC:tl; 5tFCrtl] n loud chuckle of pleasure or amusement 大声的笑; 咯咯的笑. 派生： chortle v [I] utter a chortle 哈哈大笑; 咯咯笑: chortle with delight at a joke 让笑话逗得哈哈大笑. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Chuckle and chortle both indicate laughing with pleasure and satisfaction. *chuckle和chortle均指因高兴和满足而笑. Chuckling is usually quiet and may be a response to private thoughts or reading *chuckling通常是低声或无声的, 也可为独自思考和阅读的反应: He chuckled to himself when he remembered the trick he'd played on them. 他想起捉弄他们的事就忍俊不禁. Chortling is usually louder and more public *chortling通常声音较大, 而且多是当众的: When I told them what had happened to me, they all chortled with mirth. 我把我的事告诉他们以後, 他们咯咯地笑起来了.

chorus
[5kC:rEs; 5kCrEs] n 1 [CGp] (usu large) group of singers; choir （通常为大型的）合唱团; 唱诗班: * the Bath Festival Chorus 巴斯音乐节大合唱团. 2 [C] piece of music, usu part of a larger work, composed for such a group 合唱曲: * the Hallelujah Chorus 哈利路亚合唱曲. 3 [C] part of a song that is sung after each verse, esp by a group of people （歌曲中的）合唱部分: * Bill sang the verses and everyone joined in the chorus. 比尔先唱独唱部分, 然後大家一起合唱. 4 [C] thing said or shouted by many people together 齐声说或齐声喊的内容: * a chorus of boos, cheers, laughter, etc 齐声喊呸、 欢呼、 大笑等 * The proposal was greeted with a chorus of approval. 大家对该建议异口同声表示赞成. 5 [CGp] group of performers who sing and dance in a musical comedy （歌舞喜剧中的）歌舞队: * [attrib 作定语] a chorus line （歌舞喜剧中的）歌舞队唱词. 6 [CGp] (in ancient Greek drama) group of singers and dancers who comment on the events of the play （古希腊戏剧中）（为剧中事件作评注的）歌舞队. 7 [C] (esp in Elizabethan drama) actor who speaks the prologue and epilogue of a play （尤指伊丽莎白时代戏剧中）（宣读开场白和收场白的）男演员. 8 (idm 习语) in chorus all together; in unison 一起; 同时; 一齐; 一致: * act, speak, answer in chorus 一致行动、 异口同声地说、 同时回答. 派生： chorus v [Tn] sing or say (sth) all together 同时唱或说（某事）: The crowd chorused their approval (of the decision). 群众（对该决定）齐声表示赞成. 复合： `chorus-girl n girl or young woman who sings or dances in a chorus(5) （歌舞喜剧中的）歌舞队女演员.

chose
pt, pp of choose.

chough
[tFQf; tFQf] n type of crow with red legs and a red beak 山鸦（红腿红嘴的鸦）.

chow
1[tFau; tFau] n type of dog with a thick coat, originally from China （原产於中国的一种被毛厚的）狗.

chow mein
[7tFau 'mein; 5tFau 'men] n [U] Chinese dish of fried noodles with shredded meat and vegetables 炒面.

chowder
[5tFaudE(r); 5tFaudl] n [U] (US) thick soup or stew made with vegetables and fish （用蔬菜与鱼烹调的）浓汤或杂烩: * clam chowder 蛤肉杂烩汤.

Christ
[kraist; kraist] n (a) (also Jesus, Jesus Christ/ 9dVi:zEs 5kraIst; 9dVizEs 5kraIst/) the founder of the Christian religion 基督. (b) image or picture of Christ 基督的图像. 派生： Christ interj (also Jesus, Jesus Christ) ( infml 讳, 口) (expressing anger, annoyance, surprise, etc 表示愤怒、 烦恼、 惊讶等): Christ! We're running out of petrol. 天哪! 我们的汽油要用完了. 复合： `Christlike adj like Christ in character or action （性格或行为）像基督的: showing Christlike humility （表现出）像基督那样谦卑的.

christen
[5krisn; 5krisn] v 1 [Tn] receive (sb) into the Christian Church by sprinkling water on his head and giving him a name 为（某人）施洗礼（在头上 水并为之命名以加入基督教）. Cf 参看 baptize. 2 [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: * Tn, Cn.n] (a) give a name to (sb) at such a ceremony （在洗礼仪式上）为（某人）命名: * The child was christened Mary. 这孩子洗礼时命名为玛丽. (b) give a name to (esp a ship when it is launched) 为（尤指下水的轮船）命名. 3 [Tn] (fig infml 比喻, 口) use (sth) for the first time 第一次使用（某物）: * Let's have a drink to christen our new sherry glasses. 让我们为使用我们新的雪利酒杯喝点儿酒. 派生： christening[5krisniN; 5krisniN] n ceremony in which sb is christened; baptism 洗礼（给某人施洗礼命名的仪式）: * [attrib 作定语] a christening service 洗礼仪式.

Christendom
[5krisndEm; 5krisndEm] n [sing] (fml 文) (a) all Christian people throughout the world （全世界所有的）基督教徒. (b) (dated 旧) the Christian countries of the world （全世界的）基督教国家. =>Usage at Christian 用法见Christian.

Christian
[5kristFEn; 5kristFEn] adj 1 of or based on the teachings of Christ or the doctrines of Christianity 基督教导的; 根据基督教导的; 基督教义的; 根据基督教义的: * the Christian Church, faith, religion 基督教教堂、 基督教的信仰、 基督教 * a Christian upbringing 基督教义的熏陶. 2 of or believing in the Christian religion 基督教的; 信仰基督教的: * a Christian country 信仰基督教的国家. 3 of Christians 基督教徒的: * the Christian sector of the city 城市的基督教徒区. 4 showing the qualities of a Christian; kind and humane 表现出基督徒的品质的; 仁慈与慈悲的: * That's not a very Christian way to behave. 那可不太像基督徒的行为. 派生： Christian n 1 person who believes in the Christian religion 信仰基督教的人; 基督徒. 2 (infml 口) person who has Christian qualities 有基督徒品质的人. Christianity[7kristi'AnEti; 7kristFi'AnEti] n [U] 1 the religion based on the belief that Christ was the son of God, and on his teachings 基督教（基於相信基督是上帝之子并信仰其教导的宗教）: * She was converted to Christianity. 她已皈依基督教. 2 (a) being a Christian 基督徒身分: * He derives strength from his Christianity. 他身为基督徒而从中获得力量. (b) Christian character or qualities 基督徒的特性或品质. 复合： the ,Christian `Era the period of history from the birth of Christ to the present day 基督纪元; 公元. `Christian name (US also `given name) name given to sb when he is christened; first name 教名（洗礼时所取者）; 名字. =>Usage at name1 用法见name1. ,Christian `Science religious system which claims that disease can be cured through Christian faith, without medical treatment 基督教科学派（主张靠基督教的信仰无须医药即可治愈疾病的教派）. ,Christian `Scientist person who believes in this system 基督教科学派信徒. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Christianity, Islam and Judaism are the names of religions or faiths followed by Christians, Muslims and Jews respectively. *Christianity、 Islam、 Judaism是分别由基督教徒、 伊斯兰教徒、 犹太教徒信奉的宗教或信仰. The word Christendom, which is now dated, refers to all Christian countries or all Christians in the world. *Christendom一词现已过时, 意为世界上所有的基督教国家或所有的基督教徒. Historically it has been used to mean the whole world from a European point of view 从欧洲人的观点来看, 这个词在历史上用以指全世界: Rome was the greatest city in all Christendom. 罗马是当时世界上最伟大的城市. Jewry is the collective name for all Jews *Jewry是全体犹太人的统称: British Jewry 英国的犹太人. Muhammedanism (now dated) is an alternative name for Islam, used particularly by non-Muslims *Muhammedanism一词（现已过时）是Islam的别称, 尤为非穆斯林所使用.

Christmas
[5krismEs; 5krismEs] n 1 (also ,Christmas `Day) annual celebration by Christians of the birth of Christ (on 25 December) 圣诞节（12月25日）: * [attrib 作定语] Christmas dinner, presents 圣诞节晚餐、 礼物. 2 (also `Christmas-time, `Christmas-tide) period of several days before and after Christmas Day 圣诞节节期（圣诞节前後的几天）: * spend Christmas with one's family 和全家一起过圣诞节 * [attrib 作定语] the Christmas holidays 圣诞节假期. 派生： Christmassy[5krismEsi; 5krismEsi] adj (infml 口) typical of Christmas; looking festive 有圣诞节特点的; 像节日的. 复合： `Christmas box n (Brit) small gift, usu of money, given at Christmas, esp to sb (eg a postman or a milkman) who provides a service throughout the year 圣诞节的节礼（通常为赏钱, 尤指酬谢全年服务的人, 如邮递员或送牛奶的人）. `Christmas cake rich fruit cake, usu covered with marzipan and icing and eaten at Christmas 圣诞节蛋糕（多水果的糕饼, 通常覆有杏仁蛋白糊、 糖霜等, 於圣诞节食用）. `Christmas card greetings card sent to friends at Christmas 圣诞卡. ,Christmas `cracker = cracker 2b. ,Christmas `Eve (evening of the) day before Christmas Day, 24 December 圣诞节前夕, 圣诞夜（圣诞节的前一天, 12月24日或当晚）. ,Christmas `pudding rich steamed pudding made with dried fruit and eaten at Christmas 圣诞节布丁（乾果制成的蒸糕, 於圣诞节食用）. `Christmas tree evergreen or artificial tree decorated with lights, tinsel, etc at Christmas 圣诞树（圣诞节时摆设的常绿树或人造树, 装饰有灯、 闪光的金属丝、 片等）.

chromatic
[krEu'mAtik; kro'mAtik] adj 1 (a) of colour 有颜色的. (b) in bright colours 颜色鲜艳的. 2 (music 音) having the notes of the chromatic scale 有半音阶的; 半音的. 复合： chro,matic `scale (music 音) series of notes rising or falling in semitones 半音音阶.

chrome
[krEum; krom] n [U] 1 chromium (esp when used as a protective coating on other metals) 铬. 2 yellow colouring matter obtained from a compound of chromium and used in paints 铬黄. 复合： ,chrome `steel alloy of steel and chromium 铬钢.

chromium
[5krEumiEm; 5kromiEm] n [U] metallic chemical element used in making alloys (such as stainless steel) and as a shiny protective coating on other metals 铬: * chromium plating, eg on a car bumper 镀铬（如在汽车保险 上） * chromium-plated 镀铬的. =>App 10 见附录10.

chromosome
[5krEumEsEum; 5kromE7som] n (biology 生) any of the tiny threads or rods in animal and plant cells, carrying genes 染色体.

chron(o)-
comb form 构词成分 of or relating to time 时间的; 有关时间的: chronology * chronometer.

chronic
[5krCnik; 5kranik] adj 1 (esp of a disease) lasting for a long time; continually recurring （尤指疾病）长期的, 慢性的; 连续复发的: * chronic bronchitis, arthritis, etc 慢性支气管炎、 关节炎等 * the country's chronic unemployment problem 国家的长期失业问题. Cf 参看 acute. 2 having had a disease or a habit for a long time 长期患病的; 长期有某种习惯的: * a chronic alcoholic, invalid, etc 长期酗酒的、 病弱的等. 3 (Brit sl 俚) very bad 极坏的: * The film was absolutely chronic. 这个电影糟透了. > chronically[5krCnikli; 5kranikli] adv: * the chronically ill 患有慢性病的.

chronicle
[5krCnikl; 5kranikl] n (often pl 常作复数) record of historical events in the order in which they happened 编年史: * He consulted the chronicles of the period. 他参考了这一时期的编年史. 派生： chronicle v [Tn] record (sth) in a chronicle 将（某事物）载入编年史: chronicling the events of a war 把战争中的重大事件载入编年史中. chronicler[5krC-niklE(r); 5kranikll] n.

chronological
[7krCnE'lCdVikl; 7kranE'ladVikl] adj arranged in the order in which they occurred 按时间的前後顺序排列的: * a chronological list of Shakespeare's plays, ie in the order in which they were written 莎士比亚戏剧的编年表. > chronologically[-kli; -kli] adv.

chronology
[krE'nClEdVi; krE'nalEdVi] n 1 [U] science of fixing the dates of historical events 年代学. 2 [C] arrangement or list of events in the order in which they occurred 年表: * a chronology of Mozart's life 莫札特生平年表.

chronometer
[krE'nCmitE(r); krE'namEtl] n instrument that keeps very accurate time, used esp for navigating at sea 极准确的记时仪器; （尤指用於航海的）精密记时计; 天文钟.

chrysalis
[5krisElis; 5krislis] n (pl ~es) 1 form of an insect at the stage of its life when it changes from a grub to an adult insect, esp a butterfly or moth; pupa 蛹; （尤指）蝶蛹, 蛾蛹. =>illus at butterfly 见butterfly之插图. 2 hard case that encloses an insect during this stage 蛹壳.

chrysanthemum
[kri5sAnWEmEm; kris'AnWEmEm] n (a) garden plant with brightly coloured flowers 菊花. (b) one of these flowers 菊花（花朵）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page ii.

chub
[tFQb; tFQb] n (pl unchanged 复数不变) small freshwater fish with a thick body 查布鱼（一种小型体粗的淡水鱼）.

chubby
[5tFQbi; 5tFQbi] adj (-ier, -iest) round and plump; slightly fat 圆胖丰满的; 稍胖的: * chubby cheeks 圆胖脸 * a chubby child 胖乎乎的孩子. =>Usage at fat1 用法见fat1. > chubbiness n [U].

chuck
1[tFQk; tFQk] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p, Dn.n] (infml 口) throw (sth) carelessly or casually （胡乱地或随便地）扔、 抛（某物）: * Chuck it in the bin! 把它扔到垃圾桶里去! * chuck old clothes away/out 把旧衣服扔掉[出去] * Chuck me (over) the newspaper if you've finished reading it. 你看完了报就扔给我. 2 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sb/sth (in/up) (infml 口) give up sb/sth; abandon 放弃某人[某事物]; 抛弃: * She's just chucked her boy-friend, ie ended her relationship with him. 她刚刚甩了男朋友. * He chucked in his job last week. 上星期他辞掉了工作. 3 (idm 习语) chuck it (sl 俚) stop doing sth immediately 立即停止做某事物: * I'm sick of your sarcastic remarks just chuck it (ie stop making them), will you? 我已经听腻了你的冷嘲热讽--别说了, 行吗? chuck sb under the chin touch or stroke sb lovingly or playfully under the chin 爱抚或抚弄某人的下巴. 4 (phr v) chuck sb out (of sth) (infml 口) force sb to leave (a place) 迫使某人离开（某地）; 撵走: * They were chucked out of the pub for being too rowdy. 他们因为太吵闹被撵出酒馆. * He failed his exams and was chucked out of university. 他考试不及格, 被大学开除. 派生： chuck n 1 playful touch or stroke under the chin 抚弄或抚摸下巴. 2 (idm 习语) give sb/get the chuck (infml 口) dismiss or reject sb/be dismissed or rejected 辞退或拒绝某人[被辞退或拒绝]. 复合： chucker-out[7tFQkEr 'aut; 7tFQkl'aut] n (infml 口) person whose job is to remove troublesome people from public-houses, meetings, etc （受雇从酒馆、 会议等中撵走捣乱者的）保安人员.

chuckle
[5tFQkl; 5tFQkl] v [I, Ipr] laugh quietly or to oneself 轻声地笑; 暗自笑: * He chuckled (to himself) as he read the newpaper. 他看报时暗暗（独自）发笑. * What are you chuckling about? 你独自笑什麽? =>Usage at chortle 用法见chortle. 派生： chuckle n quiet or partly suppressed laugh 轻声的笑; 忍俊不禁: She gave a chuckle of delight. 她高兴得笑出声来.

chuffed
[tFQft; tFQft] adj [pred 作表语] ~ (about/at sth) (Brit infml 口) very pleased 愉快: * look/feel chuffed 看起来[感到]很愉快 * She was chuffed at/about getting a pay rise. 她因获加薪而洋洋得意.

chug
[tFQg; tFQg] v (-gg-) 1 [I] make the short dull repeated sound of an engine running slowly （发动机缓慢运转时）发出（持续而单调的）短声; 发出突突声. 2 (phr v) chug along, down, up, etc move steadily in the specified direction while making this sound （发出突突声朝某方向）稳稳行进: * The boat chugged along the canal. 小船稳稳地顺着运河突突地航行. 派生： chug n sound made by a chugging engine （发动机缓慢运转时发出的）突突声.

chum
[tFQm; tFQm] n (infml 口) close friend 好友: * an old school chum 老同学. 派生： chum v (-mm-) (phr v) chum up (with sb) (infml 口) become very friendly (with sb) （与某人）成为好友. chummy adj (infml 口) very friendly 非常友好的. chummily adv. chumminess n [U].

chump
[tFQmp; tFQmp] n 1 (infml 口) foolish person 傻瓜; 笨蛋: * Don't be such a chump! 不要这麽傻了! 2 short thick block of wood 短而厚的木块. 3 (Brit also ,chump `chop) thick end of a loin of lamb or mutton 羊腰部的厚肉. 4 (idm 习语) off one's `chump (dated Brit sl 旧, 俚) crazy 发疯; 发狂.

chunk
[tFQNk; tFQNk] n 1 thick solid piece cut or broken off sth （从某物上切下或折下的）大块: * a chunk of bread, meat, ice, wood, etc 一大块面包、 肉、 冰、 木头等. 2 (infml 口) fairly large amount (of sth) （某物）相当大的部分: * I've completed a fair chunk of my article. 我已经把文章的一大部分写完了.

chunky
[5tFQNki; 5tFQNki] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 having a short thick body; stocky 身体短粗的; 矮胖的; 敦实的: * a chunky footballer 敦实的足球运动员. 2 containing chunks of fruit, etc 含有大块水果等的: * chunky marmalade 橙块果酱. 3 (of clothes) made of thick bulky (usu woollen) material （指衣物）用厚而蓬松材料（通常为毛料）制的: * a chunky sweater 厚毛衣. > chunkily adv: * He's chunkily built. 他长得很结实. chunkiness n [U].

church
[5tFE:tF; tFEtF] n 1 [C] building used for public Christian worship 教堂: * The procession moved into the church. 人们陆续进入教堂. * [attrib 作定语] a church steeple 教堂的尖顶 * a church service 教堂的礼拜仪式. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page viii. 2 [U] service in such a building; public worship （教堂的）礼拜仪式; （会众的）礼拜: * Church begins/is at 9 o'clock. 礼拜仪式9点开始. * How often do you go to church? 你隔多久去做一次礼拜? * They're in/at church, ie attending a service. 他们在做礼拜. =>Usage at school1 用法见school1. 3 the Church [sing] all Christians regarded as a group 全体基督教徒: * The Church has a duty to condemn violence. 基督徒有责任谴责暴力. 4 Church [C] particular group of Christians; denomination 基督教教派; 派别: * the Anglican Church 英国国教; 圣公会 * the Catholic Church 天主教 * the Free Churches 自由教会. 5 the Church [sing] (a) (esp the Christian) religion regarded as an established institution （尤指基督教的）教会, 宗教: * the conflict between (the) Church and (the) State 政教冲突. (b) the ministers of the Christian religion; the clergy or clerical profession 基督教牧师; 教士; 神职: * go into/enter the Church, ie become a Christian minister 开始担任神职（成为基督教牧师）. 复合： `churchgoer n person who goes to church services regularly 按时去教堂做礼拜的人. the ,Church of `England the established Protestant Church in England; the Anglican Church 英国国教会; 圣公会. church`warden n (in a Church of England parish) one of usu two elected officials responsible for church money and property （英国国教教区的）教会执事（通常为选出的两名执事之一, 负责教会财务和财产）. `churchyard n enclosed area of land round a church, often used for burials 教堂的庭院（常用作墓地）.

churl
[tFE:l; tFEl] n (dated 旧) bad-mannered or bad-tempered person 举止或脾气不佳的人; 粗暴的人. > churlish adj: * It seems churlish to refuse such a generous offer. 拒绝这样慷慨的建议未免有些失礼. churlishly adv. churlishness n [U].

churn
[tFE:n; tFEn] n 1 machine in which milk or cream is beaten to make butter 搅乳器（用以搅拌牛奶或乳脂以制成黄油的机器）. 2 (Brit) large (usu metal) container in which milk is carried from a farm 奶桶（通常为金属的）. 派生： churn v 1 [Tn] (a) beat (milk or cream) to make butter 搅拌（牛奶或乳脂）以制黄油. (b) make (butter) in this way （用此种方法）制（黄油）. 2 (a) [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) cause sth to move violently; stir or disturb sth 使某物猛动; 搅动; 扰乱某物: motor boats churning (up) the peaceful waters of the bay 激汤着海湾平静水面的汽艇 * The earth had been churned up by the wheels of the tractor. 拖拉机轮子把泥土掀了起来. * (fig 比喻) The bitter argument left her feeling churned up (ie agitated and upset) inside. 这场激烈的争论使她忐忑不安. (b) [I] (esp of liquids) move about violently （尤指液体）翻腾: the churning waters of a whirlpool 旋涡翻腾的水 * His stomach churned with nausea. 他的胃翻腾欲呕. 3 (phr v) churn sth out (infml 口) produce sth (usu of bad quality) in large amounts 大量生产某物（通常质量恶劣）; 粗制滥造: She churns out romantic novels. 她写了很多浪漫小说, 质量很差.

chute
[Fu:t; Fut] n 1 sloping or vertical passage down which things can slide or be dropped （物件可以滑下或落下的）斜的或垂直的通道, 斜道, 滑道, 斜槽, 立槽: * a rubbish chute, eg from the upper storeys of a high building 垃圾滑道（如高层建 自上面各层通到下面的管道）. 2 (infml 口) parachute 降落伞.

chutney
[5tFQtni; 5tFQtni] n [U] hot-tasting mixture of fruit, vinegar, sugar and spices, eaten with curries, cold meat, cheese, etc 酸辣酱（水果、 醋、 糖和香料的混合物, 与咖喱、 冷肉、 奶酪等一起食用）: * green tomato chutney 绿西红柿酸辣酱.

CI
abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Channel Islands (Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney and Sark) 海峡群岛（泽西、 根西、 奥尔德尼、 萨克等四岛）: St Peter Port, Guernsey, CI, eg in an address 海峡群岛根西岛圣彼得港（如用於通讯处）.

CIA
[7si: ai 'ei; 7si ai 'e] abbr 缩写 = (US) Central Intelligence Agency 中央情报局: * working for the CIA 为中央情报局工作. Cf 参看 FBI.

cicada
[si'ka:dE; - si'keidE; si'kedE] n insect like a grasshopper, common in hot countries, the male of which makes a shrill chirping noise 蝉.

cicatrice
[5sikEtris; 5sikEtris] (also cicatrix[5sikEtriks;'sikEtriks] ) n (pl -trices/sikE'traisi:z; sikE'traisiz] ) scar left by a wound that has healed 疤; 伤痕; 疤痕.

CID
[7si: ai 'di:; 7si ai 'di] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Criminal Investigation Department 刑事调查局: * an inspector from the CID 刑事调查局的调查员.

cider
[5saidE(r); 5saidl] n 1 (also cyder) [U] drink made from fermented apple-juice 苹果酒: * dry/sweet cider 不甜的[甜的]苹果酒 * [attrib 作定语] cider apples 制酒的苹果. Cf 参看 perry. 2 [U] (US also sweet cider) non-alcoholic drink made from apples 苹果汁. 3 [C] drink or glass of either of these 一些或一杯苹果酒或苹果汁: * Two ciders, please. 请来两杯苹果酒. 复合： `cider-press n machine for squeezing the juice from apples 苹果榨汁器.

cif
[7si: ai 'ef; 7si ai 'ef] abbr 缩写 = (commerce 商) cost, insurance, freight (included in the price) 到岸价（包括成本、 保险费、 运费）: * The invoice was for 35 cif. 发票为到岸价35英镑.

cigar
[si'ga:(r); si'gar] n tight roll of tobacco leaves for smoking 雪茄烟: * [attrib 作定语] the smell of cigar smoke 雪茄烟的气味.

cigarette
(US also cigaret)[7sigE'ret; - 'sigEret;'sigE7ret] n roll of shredded tobacco enclosed in thin paper for smoking 纸烟; 香烟; 烟卷. 复合： ciga`rette-case n small flat (usu metal) box for holding cigarettes 香烟盒（装香烟的小扁盒, 通常为金属的）. ciga`rette-holder n tube in one end of which a cigarette may be put for smoking 烟嘴. ciga`rette-lighter (also lighter) n device that produces a small flame for lighting cigarettes and cigars 打火机. ciga`rette-paper n [C, U] (piece of) thin paper in which tobacco is rolled to make cigarettes 卷烟纸.

cinch
[sintF; sintF] n (sl 俚) 1 easy task 容易做的事情: * `How was the exam?’ `It was a cinch!’ ‘考试怎麽样?’‘很容易!’ 2 sure or certain thing 必然发生的事: * He's a cinch to win the race. 他肯定会赢得这次比赛. 3 (US) = girth 2. 派生： cinch v [Tn] (US) fasten a girth(2) on (a horse) 给（马）系上肚带.

cinder
[5sindE(r); 5sindl] n 1 [C] small piece of partly burnt coal, wood, etc that is no longer burning but may still be hot 煤渣, 炭渣, 炉渣等（不再燃烧但仍可能有馀热）. 2 cinders [pl] ashes 灰. 3 (idm 习语) burn, etc sth to a `cinder cook (food) until it is hard and black 将（食物）做猵胡: * The cakes were burnt to a cinder. 饼烤猵胡了. 复合： `cinder-track n running-track made with finely crushed cinders 灰渣跑道.

Cinderella
[7sindE'relE; 7sindE'relE] n 1 girl or woman whose beauty or abilities have not been recognized 灰姑娘; （美貌或能力未被赏识的）女子. 2 person or thing that has been persistently neglected 长期被忽视的人或物; 被埋没的人: * This department has been the Cinderella of the company for far too long. 这个部门在公司不受重视由来已久.

cine
film

cine-
comb form 构词成分 of the cinema电影的: cine-projector.

cinema
[5sinEma:, 'sinEmE; 5sinEmE] n 1 [C] (US movie house, movie theatre) building in which motion-picture films are shown 电影院: * go to the cinema, ie to see a film 去看电影. 2 (also the cinema) [sing] (esp Brit) (US the movies) films as an art-form or an industry 电影艺术; 电影业: * She's interested in (the) cinema. 她对电影艺术很感兴趣. * He works in the cinema. 他从事电影业. 派生： cinematic[7sinE'mtik; 7sini'mAtik] adj of or relating to cinema 电影的; 有关电影的. cinematography[7sinEmE'tCgrEfi; 7sinEmE'tagrEfi] n [U] art or science of making motion-picture films 摄制电影的艺术. cinematographer[7sinEmE'tCgrEfE(r);7sinEmE'tagrEfl] n. cinematographic[7sinEmtE-'grfik; 7sinE7mAtE'grAfik] adj.

cinnamon
[5sinEmEn; 5sinEmEn] n 1 (a) [U] spice made from the inner bark of a SE Asian tree 桂皮. (b) [C] this tree 肉桂; 桂. 2 [U] yellowish-brown colour 黄褐色.

cipher
(also cypher)[5saifE(r); 5saifl] n 1 (a) [C, U] (method of) secret writing in which a set of letters or symbols is used to represent others; code 密码编写（的方法）; 密码: * a message in cipher 密码信. (b) [C] message written in this way 用密码写的信息. (c) [C] key1(5b) to a secret message 密码索引; 密码检索本. 2 [C] the symbol 0, representing nought or zero 0（代表无或零的符号）; 零. 3 [C] any of the numbers from 1 to 9 从1至9的任何阿拉伯数字. 4 [C] (fig derog 比喻, 贬) person or thing of no importance 不重要的人或物: * a mere cipher 无足轻重的人. 派生： cipher v [Tn] write (a message) in secret writing; encode 用密码书写（信息）; 译成密码.

circa
[5sE:kE; 5sEkE] prep (Latin 拉) (abbrs 缩写 c, ca) (with dates) about （与日期连用）大约: * born circa 150 BC 生於公元前约150年.

circle
[5sE:kl; 5sEkl] n 1 (round space enclosed by a) curved line every point on which is the same distance from the centre 圆周; 圆; 圆形空间: * Use your compasses to draw a circle. 用圆规画圆. =>App 5 见附录5. =>illus 见插图. 2 thing shaped like this; ring 圆形物; 环; 圈: * a circle of trees, hills, spectators 一圈树、 小山、 旁观者 * standing in a circle 站成一圈. 3 (US balcony) group of seats in curved and banked rows raised above the floor level of a theatre, cinema, concert-hall, etc 楼厅包厢（剧院、 电影院、 音乐厅等的半圆形楼座）: * We've booked seats in the circle. 我们预订了楼厅包厢的座位. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page ix. 4 group of people who are connected by having the same interests, profession, etc （有共同兴趣、 职业等的人形成的）圈子, 阶层, 界: * be well known in business, political, theatrical, etc circles, ie among people connected with business, politics, the theatre, etc 在商、 政、 戏剧等界中知名 * move in fashionable circles 进入上层社会 * She has a large circle of friends. 她交游很广. 5 (idm 习语) come full circle => full. go round in `circles work busily at a task without making any progress 工作忙忙碌碌而无进展; 瞎忙. square the circle => square3. a vicious circle => vicious. 派生： circle v 1 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (about/around/round) (over sb/sth) move in a circle, esp in the air 转圈（尤指在空中）; 盘旋; 环行: vultures circling (round) over a dead animal 在死的动物上空盘旋的秃鹫. 2 [Tn] (a) move in or form a circle round (sb/sth) 围绕（某人[某物]）转圈; 盘旋; 环行: The plane circled the airport before landing. 飞机着陆前围绕机场盘旋. * The moon circles the earth every 28 days. 月亮每28天绕地球一圈. * a town circled by hills 群山环绕的城镇. (b) draw a circle round (sth) 围绕（某物）画圈: spelling mistakes circled in red ink 用红笔圈起的拼写错误.

circlet
[5sE:klit; 5sEklit] n circular band, eg of precious metal, flowers, etc, worn round the head as an ornament 圆箍饰环（如贵金属、 花等制的）.

circuit
[5sE:kit; 5sEkit] n 1 line, route or journey round a place 围绕一地方的线、 路线或旅程; 周线; 圈: * The circuit of the city walls is three miles. 环绕本市城墙的周长是叁英里. * The earth takes a year to make a circuit of (ie go round) the sun. 地球绕太阳一周需要一年时间. * She ran four circuits of the track. 她在跑道上跑了四圈. 2 (a) complete path along which an electric current flows 电路: * There must be a break in the circuit. 电路中一定有断路. (b) apparatus with a sequence of conductors, valves, etc, through which an electric current flows 电器装置: * [attrib 作定语] a circuit diagram, ie one showing the connections in such an apparatus 电路图. 3 (a) regular journey made by a judge round a particular area to hear cases in court 巡回审判（法官定期巡回某地区）: * go on circuit, ie make this journey 进行巡回审判 * [attrib 作定语] a circuit judge 巡回法官. (b) area covered by such a journey 巡回审判地区. 4 (in sport) series of tournaments in which the same players regularly take part 联赛: * the American golf circuit 美国高尔夫球联赛. 5 group of Methodist churches sharing the same preachers within a particular area （在某地区有同一批传教士的）卫理公会组织. 复合： `circuit-breaker n automatic device for interrupting an electric current 断路器（自动切断电路的装置）. `circuit training method of training using a series of different athletic exercises 循环训练法（用一系列体育项目锻炼的方法）.

circuitous
[sE'kju:itEs; sl'kjuitEs] adj (fml 文) long and indirect; roundabout 迂回的; 绕行的: * a circuitous route 迂回的路线. > circuitously adv.

circular
[5sE:kjulE(r); 5sEkjEll] adj 1 shaped like a circle; round 圆形的; 环绕的. 2 moving round a circle 环程移动的; 循环的: * a circular tour, ie one taking a route that brings travellers back to the starting-point 环程旅行. 3 (of reasoning) using the point it is trying to prove as evidence for its conclusion （指推理）循环论证的: * a circular argument 循环论证. 4 [usu attrib 通常作定语] sent to a large number of people 送达很多人的; 传阅的: * a circular letter 传阅的信件. 派生： circular n printed letter, notice or advertisement sent to a large number of people （送达很多人的）印刷信件、 通知或宣传品; 传阅文件. circularity[7sE:kju'lrEti; 7sEkjE'lArEti] n [U]. circularize, -ise[5sE:kjulEraiz; 5sEkjElE7raiz] v [Tn] send a circular to (sb) 发通知给（某人）. 复合： ,circular `saw n rotating metal disc with a serrated edge used for cutting wood, etc 圆锯.

circulate
[5sE:kjuleit; 5sEkjE7let] v 1 (a) [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] (cause sth to) go round continuously （使某物）循环: * Blood circulates through the body. 血液在体内循环. (b) [I] move about freely 流通: * open a window to allow the air to circulate 开窗使空气流通. 2 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] (cause sth to) pass from one place, person, etc to another （使某事物）流传, 传播: * The news of her death circulated (ie spread) quickly. 她死去的消息迅速传开. * The host and hostess circulated (among their guests). 男女主人（在客人间）走来走去招待客人. * circulate a letter 传阅信件. 3 [Tn] inform (sb) by means of a circular 发通知告知（某人）: * Have you been circulated with details of the conference? 你收到会议详情的通知了吗?

circulation
[7sE:kju'leiFn; 7sEkjE'leFEn] n 1 [C, U] movement of blood round the body from and back to the heart 血液循环: * have (a) good/bad circulation 血液循环良好[不佳]. 2 [U] (a) passing of sth from one person or place to another; spread 流传; 传播: * the circulation of news, information, rumours, etc 新闻、 信息、 谣言的传播. (b) state of circulating or being circulated 流通: * Police say a number of forged banknotes are in circulation. 警方称市面上有一定数量的伪钞. * Pound notes have been withdrawn from circulation. 一英镑面值的钞票已停止流通. * (fig 比喻) She's been ill but now she's back in circulation, ie going out and meeting people again. 她一直生病, 但现在又重新参加活动了. 3 [C] number of copies of a newspaper, magazine, etc sold to the public 报纸、 杂志等售出的份数; 发行额; 销售量: * a newspaper with a (daily) circulation of more than one million （日）销售量超过一百万份的报纸 * [attrib 作定语] circulation figures 销售数字.

circulatory
[ 9s\:kjU5leItErI; ?@ 5s\:kjElEtR:rI; `s[kjElE-9tRrI] adj of or relating to the circulation of blood 血液循环的; 有关血液循环的: * circulatory disorders 血液循环失调.

circumcise
[5sE:kEmsaiz; 5sEkEm7saiz] v [Tn] (a) cut off the foreskin of (a male person) as a religious rite or for medical reasons 切除（某男子）的包皮. (b) cut off the clitoris of (a female person) 切除（某女子）的阴蒂. 派生： circumcision[7sE:kEm'siVn; 7sEkEm'siVEn] n [C, U] (action or ceremony of) circumcising 割礼; 包皮环切术; 阴蒂切除术.

circumference
[sE'kQmfErEns; sl'kQmfErEns] n (a) line that marks out a circle or other curved figure1(2b) 周线; 周缘; 圆周. =>App 5 见附录5. (b) distance round this 周长: * The circumference of the earth is almost 25000 miles/The earth is almost 25000 miles in circumference. 地球的圆周长约为25000. =>illus at circle 见circle之插图. Cf 参看 perimeter.

circumflex
[5sE:kEmfleks; 5sEkEm7fleks] n (also circumflex accent) mark put over a vowel in French and some other languages to show how it is pronounced, as in role or fete （标在法文或其他文字元音字母上）表示如何发音的符号（如在role或fete中的）.

circumlocution
[7sE:kEmlE'kju:Fn; 7sEkEmlo'kjuFEn] n [C, U] (instance of the) use of many words to say sth that could be said in a few words 累赘的说法; 迂回的说法. > circumlocutory[7sE:kEm'lCkjutEri; 7sEkEm'lakjE7tCri] adj.

circumnavigate
[7sE:kEm'nAvigeit; 7sEkEm'nAvE7get] v [Tn] (fml 文) sail round (esp the world) 环绕（尤指地球）航行: * Magellan was the first person to circumnavigate the globe. 麦哲伦是第一个环球航行的人. >circumnavigation[7sE:kEm7nAvi'geiFn; 7sEkEm7nAvE'geFEn] n [C, U].

circumscribe
[5sE:kEmskraib; 7sEkEm'skraib] v [Tn] 1 (fml 文) restrict (sth) within limits; confine 将（某事物）限制於一定范围内; 约束: * a life circumscribed by poverty 受制於贫穷的一生. 2 draw a line round (a geometrical figure) so that it touches all the outside points 画（几何图形的）外接圆: * circumscribe a square 画正方形的外接圆. 派生： circumscription[7sE:kEm'skripFn; 7sEkEm'skripFEn] n [U] circumscribing or being circumscribed 限制; 受限制; 画外接圆.

circumspect
[5sE:kEmspekt; 5sEkEm7spekt] adj [usu pred 通常作表语] considering everything carefully before acting; cautious; wary 小心; 慎重; 细心. 派生： circumspection[7sE:kEm'spekFn; 7sEkEm'spekFEn] n [U] caution; prudence 小心; 谨慎: * proceeding with great circumspection 小心谨慎地进行. circumspectly adv.

circumstance
[5sE:kEmstEns; 5sEkEm7stEns] n 1 [C usu pl 通常作复数] condition or fact connected with an event or action 环境; 情形; 情况: * What were the circumstances of/surrounding her death? ie Where, when and how did she die? 她是在什麽情况下死的? （她是在何地、 何时及如何死的?） * She was found dead in suspicious circumstances, ie She may have been murdered. 她死的情形可疑（她可能是被谋杀的）. * He was a victim of circumstance(s), ie What happened to him was beyond his control. 他是客观环境的牺牲者（他所遇到的事是他无法控制的）. * Circumstances forced us to change our plans. 客观情况迫使我们改变了计划. 2 circumstances [pl] financial position 经济状况: * What are his circumstances? 他的经济状况如何? * in easy/poor circumstances, ie having much/not enough money 处於富裕[贫穷]境况. 3 (idm 习语) in/under the `circumstances this being the case; such being the state of affairs 在这种情况下; 情形既然如此: * Under the circumstances (eg because the salary offered was too low) he felt unable to accept the job. 在这种情况下（如所提的薪金太低）, 他觉得无法接受这项工作. * She coped well in the circumstances, eg even though she was feeling ill. 她在这种情况下仍处理得当（如虽然身体不适）. in/under no circumstances in no case; never 在任何情况下决不; 无论如何不: * Under no circumstances should you lend him any money. 你无论如何都不该把钱借给他. in straitened circumstances => straitened. pomp and circumstance => pomp.

circumstantial
[7sE:kEm'stAnFl; 7sEkEm'stAnFEl] adj 1 (of a description) giving full details （指描述）详细的. 2 (of evidence) consisting of details that strongly suggest sth but do not prove it （指证据）有充分细节却无法证实的: * You can't convict a man of a crime on circumstantial evidence alone. 不能只靠旁证就判定一个人有罪. > circumstantially[-nFEli; -nFEli] adv.

circumvent
[7sE:kEm'vent; 7sEkEm'vent] v [Tn] (fml 文) find a way of overcoming or avoiding (sth) 设法克服或避免（某事物）; 规避; 回避: * circumvent a law, rule, problem, difficulty 规避一法规、 规则、 问题、 困难. > circumvention[7sE:kEm'venFn; 7sEkEm'venFEn] n [U].

circus
[5sE:kEs; 5sEkEs] n 1 (a) [CGp] travelling company of entertainers, including acrobats, riders, clowns and performing animals 马戏团. (b) the circus [sing] public performance given by such a company, usu in a large tent 马戏表演（通常在大帐篷中）: * go to the circus 看马戏表演. 2 [C] (infml 口) scene of lively action 热闹的场面. 3 [C] (Brit) (in place-names 用於地名) open space in a town where several streets meet （城市中数条街道相会聚的）广场: * Piccadilly Circus 皮卡迪利广场. Cf 参看 roundabout n 2. 4 [C] (in ancient Rome) round or oval arena for chariot racing and public games （古罗马）（圆形或椭圆形的）竞技场.

cirrhosis
[si'rEusis; si'rosis] n [U] chronic and often fatal disease of the liver, suffered esp by alcoholics 肝硬变; 肝硬化: * cirrhosis of the liver 肝硬化.

cirrus
[5sirEs; 5sirEs] n (pl cirri[5sirai; 5sirai] ) [U] type of light wispy cloud, high in the sky 卷云: * [attrib 作定语] cirrus clouds 卷云.

cissy
= sissy.

Cistercian
[si'stE:Fn; sis'tEFEn] n, adj (monk or nun) of a religious order founded as a stricter branch of the Benedictines 西多会的（修士或修女）.

cistern
[5sistEn; 5sistln] n water tank, esp one connected to a lavatory or in the roof of a house with pipes to taps on lower storeys （抽水马桶的）水箱; （位於屋顶有水管通往低层的）贮水槽, 蓄水池.

citadel
[5sitEdEl; 5sitEdl] n fortress on high ground overlooking and protecting a city （建於高处的）城堡, 堡垒.

cite
[sait; sait] v [Tn] 1 (a) speak or write (words taken from a passage, a book, an author, etc); quote 引用; 引述: * She cited (a verse from) (a poem by) Keats. 她引述济慈（诗中的）词句. (b) mention (sth) as an example or to support an argument; refer to 引证（某事物）（为例或以支持一论点）: * She cited the high unemployment figures as evidence of the failure of government policy. 她引证庞大的失业数字以证明政府政策的失误. 2 (US) officially commend (esp a soldier) for bravery; mention 表扬（尤指士兵）勇敢; 嘉奖; 表彰: * He was cited in dispatches. 他在战报中受到表扬. 3 (law 律) summon (sb) to appear in a court of law 召（某人）出庭; 传讯: * be cited in divorce proceedings 因离婚案被传讯. 派生： citation/sai'teiFn; sai'teFEn] n 1 (a) [U] action of citing sth 引用; 引述; 引证. (b) [C] passage cited; quotation 引文; 引语; 语录: * Some dictionary writers use citations to show what words mean. 有些辞典的编纂者用引文作例证以解释词义. 2 [C] (US) (a) official commendation of a soldier for bravery （对某士兵的勇敢的）表扬, 表彰, 嘉奖. (b) written description of the reasons for this （说明某士兵勇敢的）嘉奖令.

citizen
[5sitizn; 5sitEzn] n 1 person who has full rights as a member of a country, either by birth or by being granted such rights 公民: * an American citizen 美国公民 * She is German by birth but is now a French citizen. 她在德国出生而现在是法国公民. 2 person who lives in a town or city 市民: * the citizens of Rome 罗马市民. 3 (esp US) = civilian. 派生： citizenship n [U] (status of) being a citizen, esp of a particular country, with the rights and duties that involves 公民资格, 公民身分（尤指公民的权利和义务）: apply for/be granted British citizenship 申请[被给予]英国国籍. 复合： ,citizen's a`rrest arrest(1) made by a member of the public (allowable in certain cases under common law) 公民采取的逮捕行动（根据英国法律中的普通法在某些情况下准许的）. ,citizens' `band range of radio frequencies used by members of the public for local communication 民用无线电波段. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Citizen and subject both indicate a person who has the rights given by a state to its members, eg the right to vote. *citizen和subject 二词均指享有国家给予的权利（如选举权）的人. Subject is used when the state is ruled by a monarch. *subject用於君主制国家. Citizen is used in all types of state but especially republics *citizen用於任何类型的国家, 但尤用於共和国: a British subject/citizen 英国的臣民[公民] * a French citizen 法国的公民.

citric acid
[7sitrik 'Asid; 7sitrik 'Asid] (chemistry 化) acid present in the juice of oranges, lemons, limes, etc 柠檬酸.

citron
[5sitrEn; 5sitrEn] n 1 pale yellow fruit like a lemon but larger, less sour and with a thicker skin 枸橼; 香橼. 2 small Asian tree bearing this fruit 香橼树.

citrus
[5sitrEs; 5sitrEs] n any of a group of related trees including the lemon, lime, orange and grapefruit 柑橘属果树: * [attrib 作定语] citrus fruit 柑橘属水果. 派生： citrous adj of or relating to these trees or their fruit 柑橘（树）的; 有关柑橘（树）的.

city
[5siti; 5siti] n 1 [C] large and important town 城市; 都市; 市: * Which is the world's largest city? 世界上最大的城市是哪个? * [attrib 作定语] the city `centre, ie the central area of a city 市中心. 2 [C] (a) (Brit) town with special rights given by royal charter and usu containing a cathedral 特许市（由皇家特许状赋予特权, 且通常有大教堂的城市）: * the city of York 约克特许市. (b) (US) town given special rights by State charter 特许市（由国家特许状赋予特权的城市）. 3 [CGp] all the people living in a city, as a group 全市居民: * The city turned out to welcome back its victorious team. 全市居民倾城而出迎接凯旋球队. 4 the City [sing] the oldest part of London, now its commercial and financial centre 伦敦商业区（伦敦最古老的部分, 现为商业及金融中心）: * She works in the City, eg as a stockbroker. 她在伦敦商业区工作（如做证券经纪人）. * The City reacted sharply to the fall in oil prices. 伦敦商业区对油价下跌反应强烈. 5 (idm 习语) the freedom of the city => freedom. 复合： `city desk 1 (Brit) department of a newspaper dealing with financial news （报纸的）财经新闻部. 2 (US) department of a newspaper dealing with local news （报纸的）本地新闻部. ,city `editor 1 (Brit) (on a newspaper) journalist responsible for financial news （报纸的）负责财经新闻的编辑. 2 (US) (on a newspaper) journalist responsible for local news （报纸的）负责本地新闻的编辑. ,city-`state n (formerly) independent state consisting of a city and the surrounding area (eg Athens in ancient times) （旧时）城邦（由一城市和周围地区组成的独立国家, 如古代雅典）.

civet
[5sivit; 5sivit] n 1 (also `civet-cat) [C] small spotted catlike animal living in central Africa and S Asia 灵猫（产於中非和南亚）. 2 [U] strong-smelling substance obtained from its glands and used in making perfume 灵猫香（用做香料）.

civic
[5sivik; 5sivik] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] 1 of a town or city; municipal 集镇的; 城市的; 市的: * a civic function, eg the opening of a new hospital by the mayor of a town 城市的庆典（如市长为新医院剪彩）. 2 of citizens or citizenship 公民的; 公民身分的; 市民的: * civic pride, ie citizens' pride in their town 市民的自豪（市民对自己城市的自豪） * civic duties, responsibilities etc 公民的义务、 责任. 派生： civics[5siviks; 5siviks] n [sing v] study of municipal government and the rights and responsibilities of citizens 公民学（研究市政和公民的权利与责任的学科）. 复合： ,civic `centre (Brit) area in which the public buildings of a town (eg the town hall, library, etc) are grouped together 市中心（城市公共建 , 如市政厅、 图书馆等集中的地区）.

civies
= civvies.

civil
[5sivl; 5sivl] adj 1 of or relating to the citizens of a country 公民的; 民间的; 国内的: * civil disorder, eg rioting 民间的动乱 * civil strife, eg fighting between different political or religious groups within a country 内乱. 2 of or relating to ordinary citizens rather than the armed forces or the Church 普通公民的（非军队的或教会的）; 文职的; 文官的: * civil government 文官政府. 3 polite and helpful 礼貌的; 助人的; 文明的: * How very civil of you! 你多麽彬彬有礼呀! * Keep a civil tongue in your head! ie Don't speak rudely! 说话要文明有礼! 4 involving civil law rather than criminal law 民法的（非刑法的）: * civil cases 民事案件 * a civil court 民事诉讼法庭. Cf 参看 criminal 2 (crime). 派生： civility/si'vilEti; sE'vilEti] n [C, U] (fml 文) (act of) politeness 礼貌; 客气: * You should show more civility to your host. 你是客人, 应该对主人有礼貌. civilly[5sivEli; 5sivli] adv politely 有礼貌地. 复合： ,civil de`fence organizing of civilians to protect people and property during air raids or other enemy attacks in wartime 民防. ,civil diso`bedience refusal to obey certain laws, pay taxes, etc, as a peaceful means of (esp political) protest （人民针对政府的）非暴力反抗: a campaign of civil disobedience 非暴力反抗运动. ,civil engi`neering design and building of roads, railways, bridges, canals, etc 土木工程. ,civil engi`neer 土木工程师. ,civil `law law dealing with the private rights of citizens, rather than with crime 民法. ,civil `liberty individual's freedom of action, limited only by laws designed to protect the community 公民自由. `civil list (Brit) allowance of money made by Parliament for the household expenses of the Royal Family 王室年俸. ,civil `marriage marriage which does not involve a religious ceremony but is recognized by law 公证结婚（未经宗教仪式但为法律承认的婚姻）.

civil1
civilian /// /si'viliEn; sE'viljEn] n person not serving in the armed forces or the police force 平民, 百姓（不在军队或警察部队中服役的人）: * Two soldiers and one civilian were killed in the explosion. 在爆炸中有两个士兵和一个平民被炸死. * [attrib 作定语] He left the army and returned to civilian life. 他退伍後恢复平民生活.

civilization, civilisation
[7sivElai'zeiFn; - -Eli'z-;7sivlE'zeFEn] n 1 [U] becoming or making sb civilized 开化; 教化: * The civilization of mankind has taken thousands of years. 人类经数千年才文明开化. 2 (a) [U] (esp advanced) state of human social development （尤指高级的）文明, 文明阶段. (b) [C] culture and way of life of a people, nation or period regarded as a stage in the development of organized society （一民族、 国家或时期的）文化和生活方式: * the civilizations of ancient Egypt and Babylon 古埃及和巴比伦文化. 3 [U] civilized conditions or society 文明的环境; 文明社会; 文明世界: * live far from civilization, ie far from a large town or city 在远离文明世界的地方生活（远离大城市） * (joc 谑) It's good to get back to civilization after living in a tent for two weeks! 在帐篷里过了两个星期後, 又回到文明社会可真舒服!

civilize, civilise
[5sivElaiz; 5sivl7aiz] v [Tn] 1 cause (sb/sth) to improve from a primitive stage of human society to a more developed one 使（某人[某物]）开化, 文明: * civilize a jungle tribe 使丛林部族开化. 2 improve the behaviour or manners of (sb); refine 改善（某人）的举止行为; 教化: * His wife has had a civilizing influence on him. 他妻子对改进他言谈举止有潜移默化的影响. 派生： civilized, -ised[5sivElaizd; 5sivl7aizd] adj polite; refined 有礼貌的; 文雅的: * civilized society, behaviour 有礼貌的社会、 行为.

civvies
(also civies)[5siviz; 5siviz] n [pl] (dated Brit sl 旧, 俚) clothes worn by civilians, ie not military uniform 便服（平民穿的衣服, 即非军服）.

Civvy Street
[5sivi stri:t; 5sivi 'strit] (dated Brit sl 旧, 俚) civilian life 平民生活.

cl
abbr 缩写 = 1 (pl unchanged or cls 复数或不变或作cls) centilitre: 75 cl 75厘升. 2 class: two 2nd cl tickets 两张二等票.

clack
[klAk; klAk] n short sharp sound (as) of hard objects being struck together （硬物相碰的）短促而尖锐的声响: * the clack of high heels on a stone floor 高跟鞋在石地上的禦禦声 * the clack of knitting needles, a typewriter 织针、 打字机的啪嗒声. 派生： clack v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) make this sound （使某 物）作喀哒声: (fig 比喻) Pay no attention to clacking tongues, ie to people gossiping. 不理会叽叽喳喳的饶舌.

clad
[klAd; klAd] adj 1 (used after an adv, with in and a noun, or in compounds 用於副词後, 与in及名词连用或用於复合词) (dated or fml 旧或文) dressed; clothed 穿衣的: * warmly, scantily clad 穿着暖暖的、 单薄的 * motor-cyclists clad in leather/leather-clad motor-cyclists 穿皮衣的摩托车手. 2 (in compounds 用以构成复合词) (fml 文) covered 覆盖的: * an ivy-clad tower 爬满常春藤的塔 * iron-clad battleships 装甲战列舰.

cladding
[5klAdiN; 5klAdiN] n [U] protective covering applied to the surface of a material or the outside walls of a building 覆面（施加於材料表面或建 物外壁的保护层）.

claim
1[kleim; klem] v 1 (a) [Tn] demand or request (sth) because it is or one believes it is one's right or one's property 要求或索要（某事物）（因是应得的权利或财物）: * claim diplomatic immunity, the protection of the law, etc 要求外交豁免、 法律保护等 * After the Duke's death, his eldest son claimed the title. 公爵死後, 其长子要求继承爵位. * She claims ownership (ie says she is the rightful owner) of the land. 她对这块土地的产权提出要求（称她是合法所有人）. * claim an item of lost property 认领丢失的财物 * (fig 比喻) Gardening claims (ie takes up) much of my time in the summer. 夏天, 园艺工作需要（占去）我大量时间. (b) [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (for sth) demand (money) under an insurance policy, as compensation, etc 凭保险单要求赔偿（款项）; 索赔: * Have you claimed (the insurance) yet? 你索取（保险金）了吗? * You can always claim on the insurance. 反正出了事可按保险索赔. * claim for damages 要求损害赔偿金. 2 [Tn, Tf, Tt] state or declare (sth) as a fact (without being able to prove it); assert 声称; 宣称; 断言: * claim knowledge (ie to have knowledge) of sth 自称知道某事 * After the battle both sides claimed victory. 战斗结束後, 双方均宣称获胜. * She claims (that) she is related to the Queen/claims to be related to the Queen. 她声称和女王有亲属关系. 3 [Tn] (of things) need (sth); deserve （指事物）需要, 值得: * important matters claiming one's attention值得注意的重要事情. 4 [Tn] (of a disaster, an accident, etc) cause the loss or death of (sb) （指灾难、 事故等）使（某人）失踪或死亡: * The earthquake claimed thousands of lives/victims. 地震夺去数以千计的[人]罹难者的生命. 5 (phr v) claim sth back ask for sth to be returned 要回某物; 索回: * You can claim your money back if the goods are damaged. 货物有损坏, 可以要求退钱.

clairvoyance
[kleE'vCiEns; kler'vCiEns] n [U] supposedpower of seeing in the mind either future events or things that exist or are happening out of sight （超人的）视力, 洞察力. 派生： clairvoyant/kleE'vCiEnt; kler'vCiEnt] n, adj (person) having such power 有超人视力的（人）; 有洞察力的（人）.

clam
[klAm; klAm] n large shellfish with a hinged shell 蛤; 蛤蜊; 蚌. 派生： clam v (-mm-) 1 [I] (US) (usu 通常作 go clamming) dig for clams (on a beach) （在沙滩上）挖蛤. 2 (phr v) clam up (infml 口) become silent; refuse to speak 沉默不语; 拒不说话: He always clammed up when we asked him about his family. 我们一问到他的家庭时, 他总是闭口不言. 复合： `clambake n (US) picnic on the sea-shore at which clams and other seafood are cooked and eaten 烤蚌野餐（在海滨以蛤和其他海味为主的野餐）.

clamber
[5klAmbE(r); 5klAmbl] v [I, Ipr, Ip] climb, esp with difficulty or effort, using the hands and feet 攀爬, 攀登（尤指艰难地或费力地）: * The children clambered over the rocks. 孩子们吃力地爬过了岩石. 派生： clamber n (esp sing 尤作单数) difficult or awkward climb 困难的或麻烦的攀登.

clammy
[5klAmi; 5klAmi] adj (-ier, -iest) unpleasantly moist and sticky; damp 又潮又黏的; 潮湿的: * clammy hands 又湿又黏的手 * a face clammy with sweat 汗涔涔的脸 * clammy (ie close or humid) weather 潮湿的天气. > clammily adv. clamminess n [U].

clamour
(US clamor)[5klAmE(r); 5klAml] n [C, U] 1 loud confused noise, esp of shouting 喧哗声（尤指喊叫声）; 喧闹; 吵闹. 2 ~ (for/against sth) loud demand or protest 大声的要求或抗议: * a clamour for revenge 复仇的喊声. 派生： clamour (US clamor) v 1 [I] make a clamour(1) 喧哗; 吵闹. 2 [Ipr, It] ~ for/against sth make a loud demand or protest 大声地要求或抗议: The public are clamouring for a change of government. 公众大声疾呼要求撤换政府. * The baby clamoured to be fed. 婴儿饿得大声哭叫. clamorous[5klAmErEs; 5klAmErEs] adj (fml 文) making loud demands or protests 大声要求的; 大声抗议的.

clamp
[klAmp; klAmp] n 1 (also cramp) device for holding things tightly together, usu by means of a screw 夹具; 夹铗. 2 piece of wood, metal, etc used for strengthening other materials or fastening things together 夹板; 压板. =>illus 见插图 派生： clamp v 1 [Tn] grip or hold (sth) (as if) with a clamp （像）用夹具夹住（某物）: He kept his pipe clamped between his teeth. 他一直叼着烟斗. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ A and B (together); ~ A to B fasten (one thing to another) with a clamp 用夹具将（一物与另一物）夹紧, 固定住: clamp two boards together 把两块板夹在一起. 3 (phr v) clamp down on sb/sth (infml 口) become stricter about sth; use one's authority against sb or to prevent or suppress sth 对某事更严格; 利用权势反对某人或防止或压制某事: The Government intends to clamp down on soccer hooliganism. 政府拟采取措施严禁在足球比赛中闹事. 复合： `clamp-down n sudden policy of increased strictness in preventing or suppressing sth （为防止或压制某事而突然采取的）严格的政策.

clan
[klAn; klAn] n [CGp] 1 group of families, esp in Scotland, descended from a common ancestor 宗族; 家族; （尤指苏格兰的）氏族: * the `Campbell clan/the clan `Campbell 坎贝尔氏族. 2 (infml 口) large family forming a close group 大家族; 大家庭. 3 group of people closely connected by similar aims, interests, etc; coterie 集团; 帮会; 宗派. 派生： clannish adj (often derog 常作贬义) (of members of a group) associating closely with each other and showing little interest in other people （指集团的成员）抱成一团的. clannishly adv. clannishness n [U]. 复合： `clansman[-mEn; -mEn] n (pl -men)[-mEn; -mEn] (fem 阴性作 `clanswoman, -women) member of a clan 宗族、 家族、 氏族或集团等的成员.

clandestine
[klAn'destin; klAn'destin] adj (fml 文) done secretly; kept secret; surreptitious 秘密的; 保密的; 暗中的: * a clan,destine `marriage 秘密结婚.

clang
[klAN; klAN] n loud ringing sound (as) of metal being struck （金属敲击的）铿锵声, 叮当声: * the clang of the school bell 校铃的叮当声. 派生： clang v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) make this sound （使某物）发出揭匡 声: The prison gates clanged shut. 监狱的大门揭匡 一声关上了.

clanger
[5klANE(r); 5klANl] n (Brit infml 口) 1 obvious and embarrassing mistake; gaffe （明显而使人难为情的）错误; 出丑. 2 (idm 习语) drop a brick/clanger => drop2.

clangour
(US clangor)[5klANE(r), 'klANgE(r); 5klANl] n [U] continued clanging noise; series of clangs 连续的铿锵声; 一连串的叮当声. > clangorous[5klNErEs, 'klNgErEs; 5klANErEs] adj.

clank
[klANk; klANk] n dull metallic sound (as) of chains striking together （如铁链撞击在一起的）低沉的金属声, 叮当声. 派生： clank v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) make this sound （使某物）发出叮当声: The chains clanked as the drawbridge opened. 吊桥放下时, 铁链发出叮当声.

clap
1[klAp; klAp] v (-pp-) 1 (a) [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (together) strike (the palms of one's hands) together 拍（手）; 鼓（掌）: * She clapped her hands in delight. 她高兴地拍起手来. * They clapped their hands in time to the music. 他们随着音乐的节拍鼓起掌来. (b) [I, Tn] do this continually to show approval of (sb/sth); applaud 不断鼓掌以示赞许（某人[某事物]）; 鼓掌欢迎: * The audience clapped (her/her speech) enthusiastically. 听众热情地（为她[为她的讲话]）鼓起掌来. 2 [Tn.pr] ~ sb on sth strike or slap sb lightly with an open hand, usu in a friendly way （用手掌）轻轻拍打某人（通常为友好地）: * clap sb on the back 轻拍某人的背. 3 (idm 习语) clap/lay/set eyes on sb/sth => eye1. clap hold of sb/sth (infml 口) seize sb/sth suddenly or with force 突然或用力抓住某人[某物]: * Here, clap hold of this! 喂, 抓住这个! clap sb in/into jail, prison, etc (infml 口) put sb in prison quickly (often without a trial) 迅速将某人关进监狱（常未经审讯）. 4 (phr v) clap sth on (sth) (infml 口) add sth to the price of sth, esp in an unwelcome way 涨价, 提价（尤指不得人心的）: * The Government has clapped an extra ten pence on a packet of cigarettes. 政府对每包香烟额外提价十便士. (be) clapped out (Brit infml 口) (of people or things) completely worn out or exhausted （指人）筋疲力尽; （指物）破烂不堪: * a clapped-out old bicycle 破烂不堪的旧自行车. 派生： clap n 1 [sing] act or sound of clapping (clap1 1a) 鼓掌; 掌声: Let's give her a big clap, ie applaud her. 咱们给她用力鼓掌. 2 [C] ~ on sth friendly slap 善意的拍打: give sb a clap on the back 在某人背上拍一下. 3 [C] sudden loud noise 突然的巨响: a clap of thunder 雷鸣.

clapboard
[5klApbC:d; - 'klAbC:rd; 5klAbCrd] (US) = weather-board (weather1).

clapper
[5klApE(r); 5klApl] n 1 piece of metal, etc fixed loosely inside a bell and making it sound by striking the side （钟铃的）击锤; 钟舌; 铃舌. =>illus at bell 见bell之插图. 2 (idm 习语) like the `clappers (Brit infml 口) very fast or hard; vigorously 很快; 很用力; 强有力地: * go, run, work, etc like the clappers 一个劲儿地走、 跑、 工作等. 复合： `clapper-board n (in film-making) pair of hinged boards brought together sharply to help in synchronizing the sound and the picture at the start of filming （拍电影时用的）拍板, 场记板.

claptrap
[5klAptrp; 5klAp7trAp] n [U] worthless, insincere or pretentious talk; nonsense 无价值的、 不诚恳的或虚伪的话; 废话: * What a load of claptrap! 废话真多!

claret
[5klArEt; 5klArEt] n (a) [C, U] (any of various types of) dry red wine, esp from the Bordeaux area of France 乾红葡萄酒（尤指法国波尔多地区产的）: * I prefer Burgundy to claret. 我喜欢勃艮第葡萄酒, 不喜欢波尔多产的葡萄酒. (b) [U] colour of this 深红色（此种酒的颜色）. Cf 参看 Bordeaux. 派生： claret adj dark red 深红色的.

clarify
[5klArifai; 5klArE7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) 1 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become clear or easier to understand （使某事物）清楚易懂; 澄清: * clarify a remark, statement 澄清一项意见、 声明 * I hope that what I say will clarify the situation. 我希望我说的话能澄清这一情况. 2 [Tn] remove impurities from (fats), eg by heating 除去（油脂）中的杂质（如用加热法）: * clarified butter 已除去杂质的黄油. 派生： clarification[7klArifi'keiFn; 7klArEfE'keFEn] n [U] clarifying or being clarified 澄清; 被澄清: * The whole issue needs clarification. 整个问题都需要澄清.

clarinet
[7klArE'net; 7klArE'net] n musical instrument of the woodwind group with finger-holes and keys 单簧管; 竖笛. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page x. 派生： clarinettist (also clarinetist) n person who plays the clarinet 单簧管或竖笛吹奏者.

clarion
[5klAriEn; 5klAriEn] adj [attrib 作定语] loud, clear and rousing 响亮、 清澈而又有激励作用的: * a clarion call to action 激励人行动起来的鲜明口号.

clarity
[5klArEti; 5klArEti] n [U] clearness; lucidity 清楚; 明晰; 清澈: * clarity of expression, thinking, vision 表达、 思维、 视觉清楚.

clash
1[klAF; klAF] v 1 [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (sth and sth) (together) (cause things to) strike together with a loud, harsh noise （使）发出巨大刺耳的撞击声: * Their swords clashed. 他们的剑互相撞击, 铿锵有声. * She clashed the cymbals together. 她敲铙钹. 2 [I, Ipr] (a) ~ (with sb) come together and fight 冲突; 交战: * The two armies clashed. 两军交战. * Demonstrators clashed with police. 示威者与警察发生冲突. (b) ~ (with sb) (on/over sth) disagree seriously (about sth) （对某事）重大分歧: * The Government clashed with the Opposition/The Government and the Opposition clashed on the question of unemployment. 政府与反对党在失业问题上有重大分歧. 3 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) happen inconveniently at the same time (as sth else) （与另一事）时间上冲突: * It's a pity the two concerts clash; I wanted to go to both of them. 真可惜两个音乐会时间上有冲突, 我本来想两个都去. * Your party clashes with a wedding I'm going to. 你们的聚会和我要去参加的婚礼时间上有冲突. 4 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) (of colours, designs, etc) not match or harmonize （指颜色、 花样等）不相配, 不和谐: * The (colour of the) wallpaper clashes with the (colour of the) carpet/The wallpaper and the carpet clash. 壁纸（的颜色）和地毯（的颜色）不和谐.

clasp
1[kla:sp; - klAsp; klAsp] n 1 device for fastening things (eg the ends of a belt or a necklace) together 钩子, 扣子, 扣环（如腰带或项链的两端）: * The clasp of my brooch is broken. 我胸针的钩子坏了. 2 (a) firm hold with the hand; grasp; grip 紧握; 抓; 攥: * He held her hand in a firm clasp. 他紧紧握着她的手. (b) embrace 拥抱. 复合： `clasp-knife n folding knife with a catch for holding the blade open 弹簧摺刀.

class
[kla:s; - klAs; klAs] n 1 (a) [CGp] group of people at the same social or economic level 阶级; 阶层; 社会等级: * the working/middle/upper class 工人阶级[中产阶级/上层社会] * the professional class (es) 专业阶层. (b) [U] system that divides people into such groups 阶级制度: * [attrib 作定语] class differences, distinctions, divisions, etc 阶级差别、 界限、 划分. 2 (a) [CGp] group of students taught together 班级: * We were in the same class at school. 我们上学时在同一班. * Form 4 is/are a difficult class to teach. 四年级很难教. (b) [C] occasion when this group meets to be taught; lesson 上课; 课: * I have a maths class at 9 o'clock. 我9点钟有数学课. (c) [CGp] (US) group of students who finish their studies at school or university in a particular year （毕业生的）同届: * the class of '82 1982年届. 3 [C] set of people, animals or things grouped together, esp according to quality 级, 等, 等级, 种类（尤指按质量划分的）: * As an actress Jane is not in the same class as (ie is not as good as) Susan. 作为演员, 简不如苏珊. * [attrib 作定语] a top-class athlete 一流运动员. 4 [U] (infml 口) high quality; excellence; distinction 高质量; 优秀; 优异: * She's got (a lot of) class. 她（实在）很有气质. * [attrib 作定语] a class (tennis) player 优秀（网球）运动员. 5 [C] (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) one of several different levels of comfort, etc available to travellers in a train, plane, bus, etc （火车、 飞机、 公共汽车等的）等级: * first class * tourist class * [attrib 作定语] a second-class compartment, eg on a train. 6 [C] (Brit) (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) one of several grades of achievement in a university degree examination （大学学位考试成绩的）等级: * a first-/ second-/ third-class (honours) degree.

class1
7 [C] (biology 生) second highest group into which animals and plants are divided, below a phylum and including several orders (order1 9) （动植物分类的）纲. Cf 参看 family 4, genus 1, species. 1. 8 (idm 习语) in a class of one's/its `own; in a class by one`self/it`self better than everyone/anything else of his/its kind; unequalled 独一无二; 无以伦比: * Pele was in a class of his own as a footballer. 贝利是举世无双的足球健将. 派生： class v [Tn, Cn.n/a] ~ sb/sth (as sth) place sb/sth in a class(1b); classify sb/sth 将某人[某事物]归入某类; 把...分类: Immigrant workers were classed as resident aliens. 移民来的工人已归入外侨类. classless adj 1 not clearly belonging to any particular social class 不明显属於某一阶级或阶层的: a classless accent 无任何阶层特徵的口音. 2 without social classes 无阶级的: a classless society 无阶级的社会. classy[5kla:si; - 'klAsi; 5klAsi] adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) of high quality; stylish; superior 高质量的; 时髦的; 优等的: * a classy hotel 高级旅馆. 复合： `class-conscious adj aware of belonging to a particular social class or of the differences between social classes 意识到属於某阶级的; 有阶级意识的. `class-consciousness n [U]. `class-feeling n [U] feelings of hostility between social classes 阶级意识（阶级间的敌意）. `class-list n (Brit) list showing the class of degree achieved by university students in their final examinations （大学生最後考试的）学位成绩名单. `class-mate n person who was or is in the same class as oneself at school 同班同学: We were class-mates at primary school. 我们在小学是同班同学. `class-room n room where a class of pupils or students is taught 教室. the `class struggle (also the `class war) (esp in Marxist thought) the continuing fight for economic and political power between the capitalist ruling class and the working class （尤指马克思主义思想的）阶级斗争.

classic
1[5klAsik; 5klAsik] adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] 1 having a high quality that is recognized and unquestioned; of lasting value and importance 最优秀的; 第一流的; 经典的: * a classic novel, work of scholarship, game of football 最佳的小说、 学术着作、 足球赛. 2 very typical 典型的: * a classic example 典型的例子 * classic symptoms of pneumonia 肺炎的典型症状 * a classic case of malnutrition 营养不良的典型病例. 3(a) simple, harmonious and restrained; classical(3) 典雅的; 古雅的. (b) (of clothes, designs, etc) having a simple traditional style that is not affected by changes in fashion （指衣服、 设计等）传统式样的: * a classic dress 传统的连衣裙. 4 famous through being long established （因为时已久）着名的; 传统的: * one of the classic events of the sporting calendar 体育运动日程表中传统比赛项目之一.

classical
[5klAsikl; 5klAsikl] adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] 1 of, relating to or influenced by the art and literature of ancient Greece and Rome 古希腊与古罗马文学艺术的; 受古希腊与古罗马文学艺术影响的: * classical studies 古希腊与古罗马文学艺术的研究 * a classical scholar, ie an expert in Latin and Greek 研究古希腊与古罗马文学艺术的学者（拉丁文与希腊文专家） * a classical education, ie one based on the study of Latin and Greek 以学习拉丁文与希腊文为基础的教育 * classical architecture 古希腊与古罗马式的建 风格. 2 (a) (of music) serious and traditional in style （指音乐）古典的（风格严谨而传统的）: * the classical music of India 印度的古典音乐. Cf 参看 pop3. (b) (of music) (characteristic) of the period 1750-1800 （指音乐）表现1750-1800年时期（特徵）的; 古典派的: * classical composers such as Mozart and Haydn 古典派的作曲家如莫札特和海顿 * the classical symphony 古典派的交响乐. 3 simple, restrained and harmonious in style 风格 实、 严谨及和谐的: * a classical elegance 典雅. > classically/klsikEli;'klAsikli] adv.

classicism
[5klAsisizEm; 5klAsE7sizEm] n [U] 1 (following of the) style and principles of classical(1) art and literature （遵循）古典主义, 古典文学艺术的风格与原则. Cf 参看 idealism 2, realism 2, romanticism (romantic). 2 simplicity and regularity of style or form （风格或形式的） 素和正规. 派生： classicist[5klAsisist; 5klAsEsist] n 1 person who follows classicism in art or literature 古典主义者. 2 expert in or student of ancient Greek or Latin 古希腊文或拉丁文的专家或学者.

classification
[7klAsifi'keiFn; 7klAsEfE'keFEn] n 1 [U] classifying or being classified 分类; 分级. 2 [C] group or class into which sth is put （某事物所归入的）类别, 种类, 门类. 3 [U] (biology 生) placing of animals and plants into groups according to similarities of structure, origin, etc （动植物的）分类（法）. 4 [C] (in libraries, etc) system of grouping books, magazines, etc according to their subject （图书馆等中的）编目.

classify
[5klAsifai; 5klAsE7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) 1 (a)[Tn] arrange (sth) systematically in classes or groups 将（某事物）编排, 分类: * The books in the library are classified by/according to subject. 图书馆的书是按照[根据]科目分类的. (b) [Tn, Cn.n/a] ~ sb/sth (as sth) place sb/sth in a particular class(3) 将某人[某事物]归类: * Would you classify her novels as serious literature or as mere entertainment? 你认为她的小说属於文学类呢, 还是属於通俗读物类? 2 [Tn] declare (information, documents, etc) to be officially secret and available only to certain people 将（资料、 文件等）定为官方密件而仅供某些人使用. 派生： classifiable[5klAsifaiEbl; 5klAsE7faiEbl] adj that can be classified 可分类的. classified adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] 1 arranged in groups 分类的: a classified directory, ie one in which the names of firms, etc are entered under labelled headings, eg builders, electricians, plumbers 分类电话簿. 2 declared officially secret (by a government) and available only to certain people （由政府）定为机密而仅供某些人使用的: classified information, documents 机密情报、 文件. 复合： ,classified ad`vertisements (also ,classified `ads/dz; Adz] , esp US `want ads) small advertisements placed in a newspaper, etc by people wishing to buy or sell sth, employ sb, find a job, etc 分类广告.

clatter
[5klAtE(r); 5klAtl] n [sing] continuous noise (as) of hard objects falling or knocking against each other （硬物落下或相撞时发出的）连续撞击声: * the clatter of cutlery, horse's hoofs, a typewriter 刀叉、 马蹄、 打字机的禦嗒声. 派生： clatter v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn] (cause sth to) make a clatter （使某物）发出连续禦嗒声: Don't clatter your knives and forks. 不要将刀叉相碰出声. 2 (phr v) clatter across, down, in, etc move across, etc, making a clatter 发出连续禦嗒声地跨过等: The children clattered (ie ran noisily) downstairs. 孩子们暮暮地跑下楼. * The cart clattered over the cobble-stones. 马车禦嗒禦嗒响着经过大卵石路.

clause
[klC:z; klCz] n 1 (grammar) group of words that includes a subject1(4a) and a verb, forming a sentence or part of a sentence 从句; 分句; 子句: * The sentence `He often visits Spain because he likes the climate' consists of a main clause and a subordinate clause. He often visits Spain because he likes the climate 一句中有一个主句和一个从句. 2 paragraph or section in a legal document (eg a will, contract or treaty) stating a particular obligation, condition, etc （在法律文件如遗嘱、 合同或条约中, 陈述具体义务、 条件等的）段落或章节; 条款: * There is a clause in the contract forbidding tenants to sublet. 合同中列有条款, 禁止承租人转租.

claustrophobia
[7klC:strE'fEubiE; 7klCstrE'fobiE] n [U] abnormal fear of being in an enclosed space 幽闭恐怖（症）. 派生： claustrophobic[7klC:strE'fEubik; 7klCstrE'fobik] adj suffering from or causing claustrophobia 患幽闭恐怖（症）的; 诱发幽闭恐怖（症）的: * feel claustrophobic 感到幽闭恐怖 * a claustrophobic little room 使人感到幽闭恐怖的房间.

clavichord
[5klAvikC:d; 5klAvE7kCrd] n early type of keyboard instrument with a very soft tone 击弦键琴（钢琴的前身）.

clavicle
[5klAvikl; 5klAvEkl] n (anatomy 解) collar-bone 锁骨. =>illus at skeleton 见skeleton之插图.

claw
[klC:; klC] n 1 (a) any of the pointed nails (nail1) on the feet of some mammals, birds and reptiles 爪（某些哺乳类、 鸟类和爬行类动物的尖利脚趾甲）: * Cats have sharp claws. 猫有尖爪. (b) (esp in birds) foot with claws （尤指鸟类）带爪的脚: * The eagle held a mouse in its claws. 鹰用爪抓住了老鼠. 2 pincers of a shellfish （甲壳类动物的）钳, 螯: * a lobster's claw 龙虾的螯. =>illus at shellfish 见shellfish之插图. 3 mechanical device like a claw, used for gripping and lifting things 爪形器具（用以抓住或提起物件）. 4 (idm 习语) get one's claws into sb (infml 口) (esp of a woman) attach oneself to (a partner) in a determined way （尤指女子）依附於伴侣: * She's really got her claws into him! 她完全依靠他了! 派生： claw v 1 [Ipr, Tn] ~ (at) sb/sth (try to) scratch or tear sb/sth with a claw or claws or with one's finger-nails （试图）用爪或指甲抓或撕某人[某物]; 搔; 挠; 刮: The cats clawed at each other. 猫用爪子互相抓. * The prisoner clawed at the cell door in desperation. 囚犯绝望地乱抓牢房的门. * His face was badly clawed. 他的脸给抓坏了. 2 (idm 习语) claw one's way across, up, through, etc move across, etc by using the claws or the hands 用爪或手爬行过去等: They slowly clawed their way up the cliff. 他们缓慢地爬上峭壁. 3 (phr v) claw sth back (of a government) recover, esp by taxation, money paid as an allowance to people who are not thought to need financial help （指政府）（尤指用税收）收回认为不需资助者的补助金. 复合： `claw-back n act of clawing sth back 收回补助金. `claw-hammer n hammer with one end of its head bent and divided for pulling out nails 羊角榔头; 拔钉锤. =>illus at hammer 见hammer之插图.

clay
[klei; kle] n 1 [U] stiff sticky earth that becomes hard when baked, used for making bricks and pottery 黏土: * [attrib 作定语] clay soil 黏质土壤 * clay tiles 陶土瓦. 2 (idm 习语) have feet of clay => foot1. 派生： clayey/kleii; 5klei] adj like, containing or covered with clay 像黏土的; 含有黏土的; 粘着黏土的. 复合： clay `pigeon breakable disc thrown in the air as a target for shooting at 泥鸽靶（掷到空中作射击靶子的易碎圆盘）: [attrib 作定语] clay `pigeon shooting 泥鸽靶射击. clay `pipe tobacco pipe made of clay pottery 陶制烟斗.

claymore
[5kleimC:(r); 5klemCr] n large two-edged sword, formerly used by Scottish Highlanders （旧时苏格兰高地人用的）双刃大刀.

clean
1[kli:n; klin] adj (-er, -est) 1 (a) free from dirt or impurities 清洁的; 乾净的; 无杂质的: * clean hands 乾净的手 * clean air, ie free from smoke, etc 清洁的空气 * a clean wound, ie one that is not infected 未感染的伤口 * wash, wipe, scrub, brush, etc sth clean 把某物洗、 擦、 擦洗、 刷...乾净. (b) that has been washed since it was last worn or used 洗过的: * a clean dress, towel, knife 洗过的连衣裙、 手巾、 小刀 * He wears clean socks every day. 他每天穿新洗的袜子. * put clean sheets on a bed 把洗过的床单铺在床上. (c) having clean habits; caring about cleanliness 爱乾净的; 讲究清洁的: * Cats are clean animals. 猫很爱乾净. 2 not yet used; unmarked 尚未用过的; 未作过标记的: * a clean sheet of paper 一张白纸. 3 (a) not obscene or indecent 不猥亵的; 不下流的: * Keep it clean! ie Don't tell dirty jokes! 嘴乾净点! （别开下流玩笑!） (b) (dated 旧) good; innocent 好的; 无辜的; 清白的: * lead a clean life 过清白的生活. (c) showing or having no record of offences 无过失记录的: * a clean driving-licence, ie one with no endorsements 无违章记录的驾驶执照 * She has a clean record. 她无违法记录. (d) keeping to the rules; not unfair 遵守规则的; 公平的; 正当的; 不违例的: * a hard-fought but clean match 激烈而规矩的比赛 * a clean tackle, eg in a game of football 正当的抢截（如在足球赛中）. 4 having a simple and pleasing shape; well-formed 外形简洁美观的; 形状好的: * a car with clean lines 美观的汽车. 5 with a smooth edge or surface; regular; even 边或面光滑的; 规则的; 均匀的; 整齐的: * A sharp knife makes a clean cut. 快刀切得整齐. * a clean break, eg the breaking of a bone in one place 整齐的断裂处（如骨折於一处）. 6 (esp in sport) skilfully and accurately done （尤指体育运动）动作纯熟准确的, 乾净利落的: * a clean hit, stroke, blow, etc 乾净利落的击中目标、 一击、 一拳等.

clean1
7 (infml 口) (of a nuclear weapon) producing little radioactivity （指核武器）几乎无放射性尘埃的. 8 (idm 习语) (as) clean as a new `pin (infml 口) very clean and tidy 非常整洁. (as) clean as a `whistle (infml 口) (a) very clean 非常清洁. (b) skilfully; deftly 熟练地; 灵巧地: * The dog jumped through the hoop as clean as a whistle, ie without touching it. 狗灵巧地跳过钻圈（没有触到圈）. a clean bill of `health report showing that one's health is good, esp after illness 健康状况良好的报告（尤指病後）: * The doctor gave him a clean bill of health. 医生给他一份健康良好的报告. a clean `sheet/`slate record of work or behaviour that does not show any wrongdoing in the past 过去工作或操行中无过错的记录: * He came out of prison hoping to start (life) again with a clean sheet, ie with his previous offences forgotten. 他出狱後希望重新做人. (make) a clean sweep (of sth) (a) the removing of things or people that are thought to be unnecessary 去掉认为不必要的事物或人; 清除; 撤换: * The new manager made a clean sweep of the department. 新经理清除了部门中的冗员. (b) victory in all of a group of similar or related competitions, games, etc （在所有有关竞争、 比赛等中）大获全胜: * The Russians made a clean sweep of (the medals in) the gymnastics events. 俄罗斯运动员囊括体操项目奖牌. keep one's nose clean => nose1. make a clean break (with sth) change one's previous manner of living entirely 完全改变以前的生活方式: * He's made a clean break with the past. 他完全改变了过去的生活方式. make a clean breast of sth make a full confession of sth 完全承认某事物: * He made a clean breast of his crime to the police. 他向警方如实招供. show a clean pair of heels => show2. wipe the slate clean => wipe. 派生： clean adv 1 completely; entirely 彻底地; 完全地; 全部地: The bullet went clean through his shoulder. 子弹穿透他的肩膀.

clean2
* The thief got clean away. 窃贼逃得无影无踪. * I clean forgot about it. 我把它忘得一乾二净. * The batsman was clean bowled, ie without the ball hitting the bat or the pads first. 击球员被迫出局（球未先击中球板或护胫）. 2 (idm 习语) come clean (with sb) (about sth) (infml 口) make a full and honest confession 全盘招供; 和盘托出: I've got to come `clean (with you) I was the one who broke the window. 我（向你）说实话--窗户是我打破的. 复合： ,clean-`cut adj (a) clearly outlined 轮廓清楚的:,clean-cut `features 轮廓清楚的脸型. (b) (approv 褒) looking neat and respectable 外貌整洁体面的: a,clean-cut `student 整洁体面的学生. ,clean-`limbed adj (approv 褒) (esp of young people) having well-formed and slender limbs （尤指年轻人）体形优美四肢修长的. ,clean-`shaven adj (of men) not having a moustache or a beard （指男子）胡须刮得乾净的.

cleaner
[5kli:nE(r); 5klinl] n 1 (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) person or thing that cleans 做清扫工作的人或物: * an `office cleaner 办公室清洁工 * a `floor cleaner, ie a substance that removes grease, stains, etc from floors 地板除垢剂（从地板上清除油渍、 污点之物）. 2 cleaners [pl] place where clothes and fabrics are cleaned, esp with chemicals 洗衣店: * send a suit to the cleaners 把一套衣服送到洗衣店去. 3 (idm 习语) take sb to the `cleaners (infml 口) (a) rob or cheat sb of his money 抢或骗某人的钱. (b) criticize sb harshly 粗暴地批评某人.

cleanly
1[5kli:nli; 5klinli] adv easily; smoothly 容易地; 光洁地: * Blunt scissors don't cut cleanly. 钝剪刀剪不齐. * catch a ball cleanly, ie without fumbling 利落地接住球.

cleanse
[5klenz; klenz] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (of sth) make thoroughly clean 使彻底清洁; 清洗: * a cleansing cream, ie one that cleans the skin 洁肤膏（使皮肤清洁的乳剂） * (fig fml 比喻, 文) She felt cleansed of her sins after confession. 她忏悔之後觉得自己的罪洗清了. 派生： cleanser n substance that cleanses, eg a detergent or a lotion 清洁剂.

clear
1[kliE(r); klir] adj (-er[5kliErE(r); 5klirl] , -est/ 5klIErIst; `klIrIst/) 1 (a) easy to see through; transparent 清澈的; 透明的: * clear glass 透明的玻璃 * the clear water of a mountain lake 山上清澈的湖水. (b) without cloud or mist 无云雾的; 晴朗的: * a clear sky, day 晴朗的天空、 一天 * clear weather 无云雾的天气. (c) without spots or blemishes 无污点或瑕疵的; 洁净的: * clear skin 洁净的皮肤 * a clear complexion 洁净的面孔. 2 (a) easy to see or hear; distinct 易看清或听清的; 清晰的: * a clear photograph 清晰的照片 * a clear reflection in the water 水中清晰的倒影 * a clear voice, speaker, sound 清晰的嗓音、 扬声器、 声音. (b) easy to understand 易懂的; 明白的: * a clear explanation, article, meaning 易懂的解释、 文章、 意思 * You'll do as you're told, is that clear? 让你怎麽做就怎麽做, 明白吗? 3 ~ (about/on sth) without doubt, confusion or difficulty; certain 无疑的; 不混淆的; 无困难的; 肯定的: * a clear thinker 思维清楚的思考者 * a clear understanding of the problems 对问题透澈的了解 * My memory is not clear on that point. 那一点我记不清楚了. * Are you quite clear about what the job involves? 这一工作涉及哪些内容, 你都明白吗? 4 ~ (to sb) evident; obvious; definite 明显的; 显然的; 明确的: * a clear case of cheating 明显的欺骗 * have a clear advantage/lead, eg in a contest 明显的优势[领先]（如在比赛中） * It is quite clear that she is not coming. 很清楚, 她不来了. 5 ~ (of sth) (a) free from obstructions, obstacles, difficulties or dangers 无阻塞、 障碍、 困难或危险的: * a clear view 一览无遗 * Wait until the road is clear (of traffic) before crossing. 等路上无车辆来往时, 再穿过马路. * I want to keep next weekend clear so that I can do some gardening. 我要留出下周末的时间作些园艺工作.

clear1
(b) free from guilt 无罪的; 无辜的: * have a clear conscience 问心无愧. (c) free from sth undesirable 无厌恶之物的: * clear of debt 无债务的 * You are now clear of all suspicion. 你现在已经没有嫌疑了. 6 [pred 作表语] ~ (of sb/sth) not touching sth; away from sth 不触及某事物; 与某事物有距离: * The plane climbed until it was clear of the clouds. 飞机爬升穿出了云层. * Park (your car) about nine inches clear of the kerb. （把你的汽车）停放在离路边石九英寸的地方. 7 [attrib 作定语] complete 整整的; 十足的: * Allow three clear days for the letter to arrive. 信要整整叁天才能到达. * The bill was passed by a clear (ie fairly large) majority. 议案获绝对多数票通过. 8 [attrib 作定语] (of a sum of money) with nothing to be deducted; net （指一笔钱）不再扣除的, 纯的, 净的: * a clear profit 净利. 9 (idm 习语) (as) clear as a `bell clearly and easily heard 清楚而容易听到的. (as) clear as `day easy to see or understand; obvious 显而易见的; 易懂的; 显然的. (as) clear as `mud (infml 口) very unclear; not apparent or well explained 很不清楚的; 不明显的; 未解释清楚的. the coast is clear => coast1. in the `clear (infml 口) no longer in danger or suspected of sth 不再有危险的; 不再因某事物受嫌疑: * She was very ill for a few days but doctors say she's now in the clear. 她大病了几天, 但医生说她现在已无危险. make oneself `clear express oneself clearly 把自己的意思表达清楚: * Do I make myself clear? 我讲得清楚吗? make sth `clear/`plain (to sb) make sth fully understood 使某事物被充分理解: * I made it clear to him that I rejected his proposal. 我清楚地告诉他, 我拒绝了他的建议. 派生： clearly adv 1 in a clear manner; distinctly 清楚地; 明白地; 明显地: speak clearly 清楚地说 * It is too dark to see clearly. 天太黑看不清楚.

clear2
2 obviously; undoubtedly 显然地; 无疑地: That clearly cannot be true. 显然那不是真的. clearness n [U] state of being clear; clarity 清楚; 明白; 清澈; 透明: the clearness of the atmosphere 空气清新 * clearness of vision 视觉清楚. 复合： ,clear-`headed adj thinking or understanding clearly; sensible 头脑清楚的; 明事理的. ,clear`headedly adv. ,clear-`headedness n [U]. ,clear-`sighted adj seeing, understanding or thinking clearly; discerning 观察、 理解或思维清楚的; 有眼力的. `clearway n (Brit) road other than a motorway on which vehicles may not normally stop or park 畅通路（公路上的不准停车路段, 与高速公路不同）.

clearance
[5kliErEns; 5klirEns] n 1 [C, U] (act of) clearing, removing or tidying sth 清理、 清除或整理某事物: * `slum clearance, ie knocking down of slum houses 清拆贫民窟（拆除贫民窟的房屋） * [attrib 作定语] a `clearance sale, ie one in which all unwanted stock in a shop is sold at reduced prices （商店）清货大贱卖. 2 [C] (in football, hockey, etc) act of kicking or striking the ball away from the goal （足球、 曲棍球等）将球踢出或击出球门区的动作: * a fine clearance by the full-back 後卫将球一脚踢出球门区. 3 [C, U] space left clear when one object moves past or under another 净空, 馀隙, 量（一物从另一物旁边或下面经过时, 两者间的空隙）: * a clearance of only two feet, eg for a ship moving through a canal 仅两英尺的净空（如船通过运河时） * There is not much clearance for tall vehicles passing under this bridge. 高大车辆在这桥下通过时没有多大馀隙. 4 (a) [C, U] (document giving) authorization or permission, eg for a ship or plane to leave a place or for goods to pass through customs(2) 许可（证）（如准予船只或飞机离开或货物通过海关的）: * get clearance for take-off 得到起飞的许可. (b) [U] official permission for sb to work with secret information, etc 正式批准某人参与机密工作等的许可: * give sb security clearance 保安部门给予某人的机密工作许可. 5 [C, U] clearing of cheques at a clearing-house (clear3) （票据交换所内的）支票交换, 结算, 清算.

clearing
[5kliEriN; 5kliriN] n open space from which trees have been cleared in a forest （森林中树木砍伐後的）空地.

cleat
[kli:t; klit] n 1 small wooden or metal bar fastened to sth, on which ropes may be fastened by winding （固定在某物上的）木棒或金属棒（用以缠绕绳索）; 拴; 楔子. 2 (usu pl 通常作复数) strip of rubber, wood, etc fastened to the sole of a boot or shoe, or to a gangway, to prevent slipping 防滑条. 3 V-shaped wedge V形楔; 羊角.

cleavage
[5kli:vidV; 5klividV] n 1 [C] (a) split or division 分裂; 分开: * (fig 比喻) a deep cleavage within the ruling party 执政党内部严重的分裂. (b) line along which material such as rock or wood splits （岩石或木等材料的）裂纹. 2 [C, U] (infml 口) hollow between a woman's breasts that can be seen above the low neckline of a dress 乳沟（女子乳房间的凹处, 穿低领连衣裙时所见者）: * That new gown shows a large amount of (her) cleavage! 那件新的女长服袒露出（她）大部分乳沟!

cleave
1[kli:v; kliv] v (pt cleaved/kli:vd; klivd] , clove/klEUv; klov/ or cleft/kleft; kleft] , pp cleaved, cloven/ 5klEUvn; `klovEn/ or cleft) 1 [I] break or split, esp along a natural line 裂开, 分开（尤指沿天然纹理）: * This wood cleaves easily. 这种木材容易裂. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.a] divide (sth) by chopping (with a heavy axe, etc); split （用大斧等）劈开（某物）; 使分开: * cleave a block of wood in two 把一块木头劈成两半 * cleave a man's head open with a sword 用剑劈开人头. 3 [Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ through sth/~ sth (through sth) make a way through (sth) (as if) by cutting （好像）开路般穿过（某物）: * The ship's bows cleaved (through) the waves. 轮船破浪前进. * cleave a path through the jungle 在丛林中开出一条路 * (fig 比喻) cleaving one's way/a path through the crowd 从拥挤的人群中穿过. 4 (idm 习语) be (caught) in a cleft `stick be trapped in a situation where it is difficult to decide what to do 陷入进退两难的境地. 复合： ,cleft `palate deformed condition in which the roof of a person's mouth is split at birth 裂（出生时 板裂开的畸形）.

cleaver
[5kli:vE(r); 5klivl] n heavy knife with a broad blade used by a butcher for chopping meat （屠夫剁肉用的）宽刃大刀.

clef
[klef; klef] n (music 音) symbol at the beginning of a stave showing the pitch of the notes 谱号（谱表开始处的符号, 用以表示音符的音高: * treble/bass/alto clef 高音[低音/中音]谱号. =>illus at music 见music之插图.

cleft
1[kleft; kleft] n crack or split occurring naturally (eg in the ground or in rock) （自然形成的）裂缝, 裂口（如地上或岩石中的）.

clematis
[5klemEtis, also klE'meitis; 5klemEtis] n [U, C] climbing plant with white, purple or pink flowers 铁线莲（攀缘植物, 开白色、 紫色或粉红色花）.

clement
[5klemEnt; 5klemEnt] adj (fml 文) 1 (esp of weather) mild （尤指天气）温和的. 2 showing mercy 仁慈的. 派生： clemency[5klemEnsi; 5klemEnsi] n [U] (fml 文) 1 mildness (esp of weather) 温和（尤指天气）. 2 mercy (esp when punishing sb) 仁慈（尤指惩罚某人时）: * He appealed to the judge for clemency. 他乞求法官开恩.

clementine
[5klemEnti:n; 5klemEn7tin] n type of small orange 小柑橘.

clench
[klentF; klentF] v 1 [Tn] close (sth) tightly or press (two things) firmly together 紧闭（某物）; 将（两物）紧压在一起: * clench one's fist/jaws/teeth 攥紧拳头[咬紧牙关/咬牙] * a clenched-fist salute 握拳礼. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (in/with sth) grasp or hold sb/sth firmly 抓紧或握紧某人[某物]: * clench the railings (with both hands) （双手）紧握栏杆 * money clenched tightly in one's fist 在拳头里攥着的钱.

clerestory
[5kliEstC:ri; 5klir7stCri] n upper part of a wall in a large church, with a row of windows, above the roofs of the aisles 高侧墙（大教堂墙壁的上部, 高於侧廊的屋顶, 有一排高侧窗）.

clergy
[5klE:dVi; 5klEdVi] n [pl v] people who have been ordained as priests or ministers of esp the Christian Church 神职人员; （尤指基督教的）教士或牧师: * All the local clergy attended the ceremony. 当地所有的牧师出席了仪式. * The new proposals affect both clergy and laity. 新的建议与神职人员和俗人都有关系. Cf 参看 laity 1. 复合： `clergyman[5klE:dVimEn; 5klEdVimEn] n (pl -men[-mEn; -mEn/) priest or minister of the Christian Church, esp the Church of England （基督教的）教士或牧师（尤指英国国教会的）.

cleric
[5klerik; 5klerik] n (dated 旧) clergyman 教士; 牧师.

clerical
[5klerikl; 5klerikl] adj 1 of, for or made by a clerk(1) or clerks 文书或办事员的: * `clerical work 文书的工作 * a ,clerical `error, ie one made in copying or calculating sth 笔误（抄写或计算中的错误）. 2 of or for the clergy 教士的; 牧师的; 神职人员的: * a ,clerical `collar, ie one that fastens at the back, worn by clergymen 牧师领（牧师用的颈後系扣的领）.

clerihew
[5klerihju:; 5klerihju] n short comic poem, usu consisting of two rhyming couplets with lines of varying length 克莱里休诗体（通常含有两个押韵的幽默对句, 诗句长短不等）.

clerk
[kla:k; - klE:rk; klEk] n 1 person employed in an office, a shop, etc to keep records, accounts, etc 文书; 办事员; 事务员: * a `bank clerk 银行办事员 * a `filing clerk 档案管理员. 2 official in charge of the records of a council, court, etc （议会、 法院等的）书记员, 秘书: * the Town `Clerk 市政府秘书 * the Clerk to the `Council 议会秘书 * the Clerk of the `Court 法院书记员 * clerk of (the) `works, ie person responsible for materials, etc for building work done by contract 工程管理员. 3 (US) (a) (also `desk clerk) assistant in a hotel 旅馆接待员. (b) assistant in a shop 店员. 4 (arch 古) clergyman 教士; 牧师. 派生： clerk/klE:rk; klEk] v [I] (US) work as a clerk(1), esp in a shop 做办事员; （尤指）做店员.

clever
[5klevE(r); 5klevl] adj (-er[5klevErE(r); 5klevErl] , -est[5klevErist; 5klevErist] ) 1 (a) quick at learning and understanding things; intelligent 敏於学习和理解的; 机灵的; 聪明的; 伶俐的: * clever at arithmetic 擅长算术的 * a clever student 聪明的学生 * Clever girl! 伶俐的姑娘! (b) skilful; nimble 熟练的; 灵巧的: * be clever with money, a needle, one's hands 擅长理财、 针线活儿好、 手巧 * be clever at making excuses 善於找藉口 * How clever of you to do that! 你那样做真太聪明了! 2 (of things, ideas, actions, etc); showing intelligence or skill; ingenious （指事物、 主意、 举动等）表现出聪明或灵巧的; 精巧的: * a clever scheme 精明的计划 * a clever little gadget 灵巧的小玩意儿. 3 (infml derog 口, 贬) quick-witted or smart, often in a cheeky way 机敏的, 精明的, 耍小聪明的（常指厚颜无耻的）: * Are you trying to be clever? 你想耍心眼儿吗? * He was too clever for (ie He outwitted) us. 他太精明了（我们斗不过）. > cleverly adv. cleverness n [U]. 复合： `clever-clever adj [usu pred 通常作表语] (infml derog 口, 贬) trying to appear clever 卖弄小聪明. `clever Dick (infml derog 口, 贬) person who thinks he is always right or knows everything 自以为一贯正确或无所不知的人: She's such a clever Dick. 她是个老正确.

clew
[klu:; klu] n 1 (nautical 海) metal loop attached to the lower corner of a sail 帆耳（连在帆下角的金属环）. 2 loop holding the strings of a hammock 吊床上穿绳索的环. 派生： clew v [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up/down) (nautical 海) raise or lower (a sail) 升或降（帆）.

cliche
[5kli:Fei; - kli:'Fei; kli'Fe] n (a) [C] phrase or idea which is used so often that it has become stale or meaningless 陈腐的词语或主意; 陈词滥调: * a cliche-ridden style 堆砌陈腐词藻的风格. (b) [U] use of such phrases 使用陈词滥调: * Cliche is a feature of bad journalism. 使用套语是拙劣的新闻体的特点.

click
1[klik; klik] n short sharp sound (like that of a key turning in a lock) 短而尖的声音（像用钥匙开锁的声音）; 禦嗒声: * the click of a switch 开关的禦嗒声 * He saluted with a click of his heels. 他立正敬礼, 鞋後跟发出禦嗒一声.

client
[5klaiEnt; 5klaiEnt] n 1 person who receives help or advice from a professional person (eg a lawyer, an accountant, a social worker, an architect, etc) （律师、 会计师、 社会工作者、 建 师等的）委托人, 当事人. 2 customer in a shop （商店的）顾客, 主顾.

clientele
[7kli:En'tel; - 7klaiEn'tel; 7klaiEn'tel] n [Gp, U] 1 customers or clients as a group 顾客, 委托人（总称）: * an international clientele 国际顾客. 2 patrons of a theatre, restaurant, etc （剧院、 饭馆等的）顾客.

cliff
[klif; klif] n steep, usu high, face of rock, esp at the edge of the sea 峭壁, 悬崖（尤指在海边的）. =>illus at coast 见coast之插图. 复合： `cliff-hanger n story or contest whose outcome is uncertain till the end （到终局时才见分晓的）故事或比赛. `cliff-hanging adj.

climacteric
[klai'mAktErik; klai'mAktErik] n period of life when physical powers begin to decline, eg (for women) the menopause 更年期（如妇女绝经期）.

climactic
[klai'mAktik; klai'mAktik] adj forming a climax 形成高潮的.

climate
[5klaimit; 5klaimit] n 1 (a) regular pattern of weather conditions (temperature, rainfall, winds, etc) of a particular region 气候: * Britain has a temperate climate. 英国气候温和. (b) area or region with certain weather conditions 有某种天气情况的地区: * She moved to a warmer climate. 她迁往气候较温暖的地方. 2 general attitude or feeling; atmosphere 一般的态度或感觉; 风气; 思潮; 倾向: * a climate of suspicion 怀疑的风气 * the present political climate 当前的政治气候 * the current climate of opinion, ie the general or fashionable attitude to an aspect of life, policy, etc 目前的舆论气氛（对生活、 政策等方面）. 3 (idm 习语) a change of air/climate => change2. 派生： climatic/klai'mAtik; klai'mAtik] adj of climate 气候的. climatically[-kli; -kli] adv. climatology[7klaimE'tClEdVi; 7klaimE'talEdVi] n [U] science or study of climate 气候学.

climax
[5klaimAks; 5klaimAks] n 1 (a) most interesting or significant event or point in time; culmination 顶点, 极点, 高潮（最有趣或最有意义的事件或时刻）: * the climax of his political career 在他政治生涯中的顶点 * The climax of the celebration was a firework display. 庆祝会的高潮是燃放烟火. (b) most intense part (esp of a play, piece of music, etc) 最紧张激烈的部分; （尤指戏剧, 乐曲等的）高潮: * The music approached a climax. 乐曲接近高潮. * His intervention brought their quarrel to a climax. 他一干预使他们的口角达到最激烈程度. 2 peak of sexual pleasure; orgasm 性高潮. 派生： climax v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (in/with sth) bring (sth) to or come to a climax(1a) 使（某事物）达到顶点, 极点, 高潮: Her career climaxed in the award of an Oscar. 她荣获奥斯卡金像奖是她事业的顶峰. 2 [I] reach the peak of sexual pleasure 达到性高潮.

climb
[klaim; klaim] v 1 (a) [Tn] go up or over (sth) by effort, esp using one's hands and feet 攀登, 攀爬, 爬上, 爬过（某物）: * climb a wall, a mountain, a tree, a rope, the stairs 爬墙、 山、 树、 绳、 楼梯 * The car slowly climbed the hill. 汽车缓慢地爬上山坡. (b) [I, Ipr, Ip] go or come in the specified direction, esp upwards, by effort 攀爬: * climb up/down a ladder, along a ridge, into a car, out of bed, over a gate, through a hedge, etc 爬上[下]梯子、 爬越山岭、 爬进汽车、 爬下床、 爬越大门、 爬过篱笆 * climb into/out of one's clothes, ie get dressed/undressed 穿上[脱下]衣服 * This is where we start climbing, ie upwards. 这就是我们向上爬的地方. * Monkeys can climb well. 猴子善於攀爬. 2 [I] (a) go up mountains, etc as a sport 登山（运动）: * He likes to go climbing at weekends. 他喜欢在周末做登山运动. (b) (of aircraft, the sun, etc) go higher in the sky （指飞机、 太阳等）上升: * The plane climbed to 20000 feet. 飞机上升到20000英尺. (c) slope upwards 倾斜向上: * The road climbs steeply for several miles. 这条路有几英里向上倾斜得很陡. (d) (of plants) grow up a wall or some other support by clinging or twining （指植物）缘墙或其他支撑物向上生长: * a climbing rose 攀缘而上的玫瑰. 3 [I] rise in social rank, etc by one's own effort （靠自己努力）提高社会地位等. 4 [I] (of currency, temperature, etc) increase in value, etc （指货币）增值; （指温度等）上升: * The dollar has been climbing steadily all week. 整个星期美元一直在稳步增值. 5 (idm 习语) climb/jump on the bandwagon => bandwagon (band). 6 (phr v) climb down (over sth) (infml 口) admit a mistake or withdraw from a position in an argument, etc （在辩论等中）认错, 让步: * As new facts became known, the Government was forced to climb down over its handling of the spy scandal. 新的事实已众所周知, 政府被迫承认处理间谍丑事失当.

climb1
派生： climb clime /// /klaim; klaim] n (usu pl 通常作复数) (arch or joc 古或谑) country; climate(1b) 地区; 气候: * seeking summer climes 去找有夏季的地方.

clinch
[klintF; klintF] v 1 [Tn] fix (a nail or rivet) firmly in place by hammering sideways the end that sticks out 敲弯（穿出的钉尖）使之牢固. 2 [Tn] (infml 口) confirm or settle (sth) finally 最终确定或解决（某事物）: * clinch a deal/an argument/a bargain 成交[解决争端/谈妥买卖]. 3 [I] (esp of boxers) hold each other tightly with the arms （尤指拳击手）互相扭抱: * The boxers clinched and the referee had to separate them. 拳击手扭抱在一起, 裁判让他们分开. * (infml 口) The scene ended as the lovers clinched. 这一幕结束时, 情人相互拥抱在一起. 派生： clinch n (a) (in boxing) act or instance of clinching (clinch 3) （拳击中）扭抱: get into a clinch 扭抱在一起 * break a clinch 将扭抱的拳击手分开. (b) (infml 口) embrace 拥抱. clincher n (infml 口) point or remark that settles an argument, etc 起决定性作用的论点或言语.

cline
[klain; klain] n (biology 生) graded sequence of differences; continuum 生态群; 群体连续体.

cling
[kliN; kliN] v (pt, pp clung/klQN; klQN] ) 1 [Ipr, Ip] ~ (on) to sb/sth; ~ on; ~ together hold on tightly to sb/sth 紧抓住或抱住某人[某物]: * survivors clinging to a raft 紧抓住木筏的生还者 * They clung to each other/clung together as they said goodbye. 他们告别时, 紧紧地拥抱在一起. * Cling on tight! 抓紧! 2 [Ipr] ~ (on) to sth be unwilling to abandon sth; refuse to give sth up 舍不得放弃某事物; 拒绝放弃某事物: * cling to a belief, an opinion, a theory, etc 坚持一种信仰、 意见、 理论等 * cling to one's possessions 舍不得放弃财物 * She clung to the hope that he was still alive. 她始终抱着一个希望, 就是他仍活着. 3 [I, Ipr] ~ (to sth) become attached to sth; stick to sth 附着於某物: * The smell of smoke clings (to one's clothes) for a long time. 烟味长久附着（在衣服上）不散. * a dress that clings to (ie fits closely so as to show the shape of) the body 紧贴身体（显出体形）的连衣裙. 4 [Ipr] ~ to sb/sth stay close to sb/sth 紧靠着某人[某物]: * The ship clung to the coastline. 船紧靠着海岸线. * Don't cling to the kerb when you're driving. 不要紧贴路边开车. 5 [I, Ipr] ~ (to sb) (esp derog 尤作贬义) be emotionally dependent on sb; stay too close to sb 感情上依靠某人; 太接近某人; 依恋: * Small children cling to their mothers. 小孩子都缠着母亲. 6 (idm 习语) cling/stick to sb like a leech => leech. 派生： clinging adj 1 (of clothes) sticking to the body and showing its shape （指衣服）紧身显出体形的. 2 emotionally dependent 感情上依附他人的: a clinging boyfriend 缠绵不已的男朋友. clingy adj (infml 口): a shy, clingy child 腆、 依附他人的孩子. 复合： `cling film thin transparent plastic film used for wrapping food, etc 保鲜纸, 保鲜膜（用以包裹食品等的透明塑料薄膜）. Cf 参看 shrink-wrap (shrink).

clinic
[5klinik; 5klinik] n 1 private or specialized hospital （私人的）诊所; 专科医院: * He is being treated at a private clinic. 他正在私人诊所接受治疗. 2 place or session at which specialized medical treatment or advice is given to visiting patients （门诊治疗的）部、 科、 室或过程: * a dental, diabetic, fracture, etc clinic 牙科、 糖尿病科、 骨科 * She is attending the antenatal clinic. 她正接受产前检查. 3 occasion in a hospital when students learn by watching how a specialist examines and treats his patients 临床见习.

clinical
[5klinikl; 5klinikl] adj 1 [attrib 作定语] of or relating to the examination and treatment of patients and their illnesses 临床的; 有关临床的: * clinical medicine 临床医学 * clinical training, ie the part of a doctor's training done in a hospital 临床实习. 2 coldly objective; unfeeling 冷静客观的; 无感情的: * He watched her suffering with clinical detachment. 他冷静客观地看着她遭受的痛苦. 3 (of a room, building, etc) very plain; undecorated （指房间、 建 物等）非常简 的; 不装饰的: * the clinical style of some modern architecture 某些现代建 的 实风格. > clinically adv: * clinically dead, ie judged to be dead from the condition of the body 临床死亡的（从身体的情况判断为死亡）. 复合： ,clinical ther`mometer instrument for measuring the temperature of the human body 体温计; 体温表.

clink
1[kliNk; kliNk] n sharp ringing sound (as) of small pieces of metal or glass knocking together （好像）（小块金属或玻璃相撞的）叮当声: * the clink of coins, keys, glasses 硬币、 钥匙、 玻璃杯相碰的叮当声. 派生： clink v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) make this sound （使某物）发叮当声: coins clinking in his pocket 在他衣袋里叮当作响的硬币 * They clinked glasses and drank each other's health. 他们碰杯互祝健康.

clinker
built

clip
clop

clipper
[5klipE(r); 5klipl] n 1 clippers [pl] instrument for clipping nails, hair, hedges, etc 剪指甲、 毛发、 树篱等的工具; 剪刀; 指甲刀; 推子; 羊毛剪: * (a pair of) nailclippers （一把）指甲剪. =>illus 见插图. 2 fast sailing-ship快速帆船.

clique
[kli:k; klik] n [CGp] (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) small group of people, often with shared interests, who associate closely and exclude others from their group 小集团; 派系; 朋党: * The club is dominated by a small clique of intellectuals. 这俱乐部被知识分子小集团把持着. 派生： cliquy (also cliquey, cliquish) adj (derog 贬) (a) (of people) tending to form a clique （指人）有结成小集团倾向的. (b) dominated by a clique or cliques 被小集团所把持的: Our department is very cliquy. 我们的部门由小集团把持着.

clitoris
[5klitEris; 5klitEris] n small part of the female genitals which becomes larger when the female is sexually excited 阴蒂; 阴核. > clitoral[5klitErEl; 5klit-ErEl] adj.

Cllr
abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Councillor: Cllr Michael Booth 迈克尔布思议员.

cloak
[klEuk; klok] n 1 [C] sleeveless outer garment hanging loosely from the shoulders, usu worn out of doors 斗篷; 披风. =>illus 见插图. 2 [sing] (fig 比喻) thing that hides or covers 隐藏或掩盖的事物: * They left under (the) cloak of darkness. 他们在黑暗的遮掩下离开了. * The spy's activities were concealed by the cloak of diplomacy. 间谍的活动是在外交的掩护下暗中进行的. 派生： cloak v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in sth) (usu fig 通常作比喻) cover or hide (as if) with a cloak （好像）用斗篷掩盖或隐藏: The negotiations were cloaked in secrecy. 谈判是秘密进行的. 复合： ,cloak-and-`dagger adj [attrib 作定语] (of a story, film, etc) involving intrigue and espionage （指故事、 电影等）有阴谋和间谍活动内容的.

cloakroom
[5klEukrum; 5klok7rum] n 1 room (usu in a public building) where coats, hats, etc may be left for a time 衣帽间（通常设於公共场所内）. 2 (Brit euph 婉) lavatory 厕所: * the ladies' cloakroom 女厕所.

clobber
1[5klCbE(r); 5klabl] v [Tn] (infml 口) 1 strike (sb) heavily and repeatedly 连续重击（某人）: * (fig 比喻) The police intend to clobber drunk drivers, ie punish them severely. 警方拟持续不断地严惩醉酒驾驶者. * The new tax laws will clobber small businesses, ie harm them financially. 新税法对小型企业, 将是一连串的打击. 2 defeat (sb/sth) completely 彻底挫败（某人[某事物]）: * Our team got clobbered on Saturday. 我们队星期六一败涂地. 3 criticize (sb/sth) severely 狠狠地批评（某人[某事物]）.

cloche
[klCF; kloF] n 1 portable glass or plastic cover used to protect outdoor plants （保护室外植物的）轻便玻璃罩, 塑料罩. 2 woman's close-fitting bell-shaped hat （紧套於头上的）钟形女帽.

clock
1[klCk; klak] n 1 instrument for measuring and showing time (not carried or worn like a watch) 时钟. 2 (infml 口) instrument (eg a taxi meter or a milometer) for measuring and recording things other than time 计量和记录仪器（如计程车计费表或里程表）: * a second-hand car with 20000 miles on the clock 里程表上显示已行驶20000英里的二手车. 3 (idm 习语) around/round the `clock all day and all night 整天整夜; 夜以继日: * Surgeons are working round the clock to save his life. 外科医生们正在日夜工作以抢救他的生命. * [attrib 作定语] Doctors must provide a round-the-clock service. 必须昼夜不停地有医生应诊. beat the clock => beat1. put the `clock back return to a past age or to old-fashioned ideas, laws, customs, etc 开倒车; 倒行逆施: * The new censorship law will put the clock back (by) 50 years. 新的审查条例是开倒车, 要退回到50年前的水平. put the clock/clocks forward/back (in countries which have official summer time) change the time, usu by one hour, at the beginning/end of summer （夏时制）将时钟拨快[拨回]（通常为一小时）: * Remember to put your clocks back (one hour) tonight. 记住今天晚上把钟拨回（一小时）. watch the clock => watch2. ,work against the `clock work fast in order to finish a task before a certain time （为在某一时间完成任务）加快工作; 抢时间做. 派生： `clockwise adv, adj moving in a curve in the same direction as the hands of a clock 顺时针方向（的）: turn the key clockwise/in a clockwise direction 顺时针方向转动钥匙. Cf 参看 anticlockwise. 复合： `clock-face n part of a clock that shows the time, usu marked with numbers 钟面. ,clock `golf game in which players putt a golf-ball into a hole from points in a circle round it 钟面式高尔夫球戏. `clock tower tall structure, usu forming part of a building, with a clock at the top 钟楼.

clock1
`clock-watcher n worker who is always checking the time to know when he may stop working 总看钟点等候下班的工作人员. `clock-watching n [U].

clockwork
[5klCkwE:k; 5klak7wEk] n [U] 1 mechanism with wheels and springs, like that of a clock （有似时钟的齿轮和发条的）机械: * [attrib 作定语] a clockwork toy, ie one driven by clockwork 机械玩具 * with clockwork (ie absolute) precision 极精确 * as regular as clockwork, ie very punctual 总是非常准时. 2 (idm 习语) like `clockwork with perfect regularity and precision; smoothly 极有规律性和准确性地; 顺利地; 精确地: * The operation went like clockwork. 手术进行得极为顺利.

clod
[klCd; klad] n lump of earth or clay 土块; 泥块.

clodhopper
[5klCdhCpE(r); klad7hapl] n (infml 口) 1 (derog 贬) clumsy person 笨蛋. 2 (usu pl 通常作复数) (joc 谑) large heavy shoe 大而重的鞋.

clog
1[klCg; klag] n shoe made entirely of wood or with a wooden sole 全木制的或有木底的鞋; 木屐. 复合： `clog-dance n dance performed by people wearing clogs 木屐舞.

cloister
[5klCistE(r); 5klCistl] n 1 [C, often pl 常作复数] covered passage around an open court or quadrangle, with a wall on the outer side and columns or arches on the inner side, esp within a convent or college, or attached to a cathedral 回廊. 2 (a) [C] convent or monastery 修道院. (b) [sing] life in a convent or monastery 修道院的生活: * the calm of the cloister 修道院的幽静. 派生： cloister v [Tn, Tn.p] ~ oneself/sb (away) shut oneself/sb away (as if) in a cloister 使自己[某人]与世隔绝（像在修道院内）: He cloistered himself away with his books. 他只顾埋头读书. cloistered adj secluded; sheltered 隐居的; 隐匿的: a cloistered life 隐居的生活.

clone
[klEun; klon] n 1 (biology 生) (any of a) group of plants or organisms produced asexually from one ancestor 无性繁殖系（的个体）. 2 (computing 计) computer designed to copy the functions of another (usu more expensive) model 仿制的计算机（通常指仿制较贵的）: * an IBM clone 仿IBM型号的计算机. 派生： clone v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) grow as a clone （使某物）无性繁殖.

close
1[klEus; klos] adj (-r, -st) 1 [pred 作表语] ~ (to sb/sth); ~ (together) near in space or time （在空间或时间上）接近: * This station is our closest, ie the nearest one to our home. 这个站离我们最近. * The church is close to the school. 教堂离学校很近. * The two buildings are close together. 这两座建 物距离很近. * The children are close to each other in age. 孩子们彼此的年龄很接近. * Their birthdays are very close together. 他们的生日紧挨着. 2 (a) near in relationship 关系很近的: * a close relative 近亲. (b) ~ (to sb) intimate; dear 亲近的; 亲密的: * a close friend 密友 * She is very close to her father/She and her father are very close. 她和父亲的关系很亲密. 3 to a high degree 高度的; 极度的: * in close proximity, ie almost touching 极为接近 * There's a close resemblance/similarity, ie They are very alike. 有极为相像[相似]之处. 4 with little or no space between; dense; compact 中间无空隙的; 浓缩的; 挤紧的: * material with a close texture 质地紧密的材料 * The soldiers advanced in close formation. 士兵排成密集队形前进. 5 (of a competition, game, etc) in which the competitors are almost equal （指竞赛、 游戏等）参赛者几乎平手的, 势均力敌的, 棋逢对手的, 旗鼓相当的, 难分高下的: * a close contest, match, election, etc 势均力敌的竞赛、 比赛、 选举等 * a close finish 几乎平手的结局 * The game was closer than the score suggests. 实际的比赛与所得的分数相比更难分高下. 6 [attrib 作定语] careful; thorough; detailed 仔细的; 彻底的; 详细的: * On closer examination the painting proved to be a fake. 再经仔细观察, 证实那幅画是膺品. * pay close attention to sth 密切关注（某事物） * close reasoning, ie showing each step clearly 严谨的推理（把每一步骤都表示清楚） * a close (ie exact) translation 紧扣原文的翻译（准确的）.

close1
7 [attrib 作定语] strict; rigorous 严格的; 严厉的: * in close confinement 被严密监禁 * be (kept) under close arrest, ie carefully guarded 被严密拘禁（戒备森严） * keep sth a close secret 对某事物严守秘密. 8 (a) (of the weather) humid; oppressive; heavy （指天气）潮湿的, 闷热的, 沉闷的: * It's very close and thundery today. 今天天气阴沉有雷. (b) (of a room) without fresh air; stuffy （指房间）没有新鲜空气的, 不通气的: * a close atmosphere 窒闷的空气 * Open a window it's very close in here. 打开窗户吧--这里很闷气. 9 (phonetics 语音) (of vowels) pronounced with the tongue raised close to the roof of the mouth （指元音）闭塞音的（发音时将舌抬起接近上风）: * The English vowels/ i:/ and / u:/ are close. 英语元音中的/ i:/和/u:/是闭元音. 10 [pred 作表语] secretive; reticent 遮遮掩掩; 沉默寡言: * be close about sth 对某事物守口如瓶. 11 [pred 作表语] mean; stingy 吝啬; 小气: * He's very close with his money. 他用钱很吝啬. 12 near to the surface; very short 离表面很近的; 很短的: * A new razor gives a close shave. 新刀片刮得很乾净. 13 (idm 习语) at ,close `quarters very near 非常近的: * fighting at close quarters 近战. a ,close `call (infml 口) almost an accident, a disaster or a failure 几乎造成事故、 灾难或失败: * We didn't actually hit the other car, but it was a close call. 我们倒并未撞上那辆汽车, 可险些出了事. a ,close `shave situation in which one only just manages to escape an accident, a disaster, etc 勉强脱离危险、 灾难等; 死里逃生; 九死一生. a close] near thing => thing. close to/near the bone => bone. close/dear/near to sb's heart => heart. close/near to home => home1. hold/keep one's cards close to one's chest => card1. keep a close `eye/`watch on sb/sth watch sb/sth carefully 密切注视某人[某事物]. keep/lie `close stay hidden; not show oneself 躲藏; 不露面:

close2
* He decided to lie close for a while. 他决定躲一躲. 派生： closely adv in a close manner 接近地; 紧密地; 严密地; 密切地: listen closely, ie carefully 仔细地听 * follow an argument closely 密切注意一议论的进行 * a closely contested election 旗鼓相当的竞选 * She closely resembles her mother. 她非常像她母亲. * The two events are closely connected. 这两件事有密切的联系. closeness n [U]. 复合： `close season (also esp US `closed season) time of the year when it is illegal to kill certain animals, birds and fish because they are breeding 禁猎期.

closed
[klEuzd; klozd] adj 1 (a) not communicating with or influenced by others; self-contained 不与他人来往的; 不受他人影响的; 有自治力的; 封闭的: * a closed society, economy 闭关自守的社会、经济. (b) [esp attrib 尤作定语] limited to certain people; exclusive 只限於某些人的; 不随便吸收新成员的: * a closed membership 限定的成员资格 * a closed scholarship 限於部分人的奖学金. 2 unwilling to accept new ideas 不愿接受新思想的: * He has a closed mind. 他思想闭塞僵化. 复合： ,closed-,circuit `television television system in which signals are transmitted by wires to a limited number of receivers 闭路电视. `closed season (esp US) = close season (close1). ,closed `shop factory, business, etc whose employees must be members of a specified trade union （只雇用工会会员的）工厂、企业等: [attrib 作定语] a closed-shop agreement 只雇用工会会员的劳资协议.

closet
[5klCzit; 5klazit] n 1 (esp US) cupboard or small room for storing things （储存物品的）柜橱或小房间. 2 (arch 古) small room for private meetings 私人的小议事室. 派生： closet adj [attrib 作定语] secret 秘密的: I never knew he was a closet queen, ie homosexual. 我从来不知道他暗地里搞同性恋. * I suspect he's a closet fascist. 我怀疑他是地下法西斯分子. closet v [usu passive 通常用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ A and B (together); ~ A with B shut sb away in a room for a private meeting 把某人关在房间里作私人会晤: He was closeted with the manager/He and the manager were closeted together for three hours. 他与经理在密室会谈[他们在密室里一起商谈了叁个小时].

closure
[5klEuVE(r); 5kloVl] n [C, U] 1 closing or being closed 关闭; 终止; 结束: * pit closures, eg closing of coal-mines because they are uneconomic 矿山关闭（如因不经济而关闭煤矿） * The threat of closure affected the workers' morale. 工厂行将倒闭一事影响着工人的士气. 2 (US cloture) (in a parliament or other legislative body) method of ending a debate by taking a vote （国会或其他立法议会中的）藉投票表决以终止辩论的方法: * move the closure 提议以投票表决终止辩论 * apply the closure to a debate 以投票表决终止辩论. Cf 参看 guillotine 3.

clot
[klCt; klat] n 1 half-solid lump formed from a liquid, eg from blood when it is exposed to the air （液体结成的）凝块（如血块）: * blood clots 血块. 2 (Brit infml joc 口, 谑) stupid person; fool 笨蛋; 傻瓜: * You silly clot! 你这个大笨蛋! 派生： clot v (-tt-) [I, Tn] (cause sth to) form clots （使某物）凝固: A haemophiliac's blood will not clot properly. 血友病患者的血液凝固不良. 复合： ,clotted `cream (Brit) thick cream made by scalding milk 凝结的乳脂（将乳类加热煮沸而成）.

cloth
[klCW; - klC:W; klCW] n (pl ~s/klCWs; - klC:Tz; klCTz] ) 1 [U] material made by weaving cotton, wool, silk, etc （棉、 毛、 丝等织的）料子, 布料, 毛料, 丝绸: * enough cloth to make a suit 够做一身衣服的料子 * good quality woollen cloth 优质毛料 * [attrib 作定语] a cloth binding 布面装订. 2 [C] (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) piece of cloth used for a special purpose 作某种用途的布块: * a `dishcloth * a `floorcloth * a `table-cloth. 3 the cloth [sing] clothes worn by the clergy, seen as a symbol of their profession 教士服, 牧师服（被视为神职的标志）: * the respect due to his cloth 因他任神职而受到的尊敬 * a man of the cloth, ie a clergyman 一位神职人员（传教士）. 4 (idm 习语) cut one's coat according to one's cloth => coat.

clothe
[klEuT; kloT] v (a) [usu passive 通常用於被动语态: * Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/oneself (in sth) put clothes on sb/oneself; dress 给某人[自己]穿上衣物; 穿（衣物）: * clothed from head to foot in white 从头到脚穿戴一身白的 * warmly clothed 穿得暖的. (b) [Tn] provide clothes for (sb) 供给（某人）衣物: * He can barely feed and clothe his family. 他勉强能给予全家人温饱. (c) [Tn.pr] ~ sth in sth cover sth as if with clothes （像穿衣物般）覆盖某物: * a landscape clothed in mist 笼罩於雾中的风景.

clothing
[5klEuTiN; 5kloTiN] n [U] 1 clothes 衣物; 服装: * articles/items of clothing 衣物 * waterproof clothing 防水服; 雨衣. =>App 4 见附录4. 2 (idm 习语) a wolf in sheep's clothing => wolf.

cloture
[5klEutFE(r); 5klotFl] n (US) = closure.

cloud
1[klaud; klaud] n 1 [C, U] (separate mass of) visible water vapour floating in the sky 云: * black clouds appearing from the west 西方出现的乌云 * There wasn't a cloud in the sky. 天空无云. * The top of the mountain was covered in cloud. 浮云遮盖着山顶. 2 [C] (a) mass of smoke, dust, sand, etc in the air 躱空中的烟、 尘、 沙等的）团. (b) mass of insects moving together in the sky （天空中昆虫的）群: * a cloud of locusts 一群飞蝗. 3 [C] blurred patch in a liquid or on a transparent object （液体或透明物体中的）混浊斑. 4 [C] (fig 比喻) thing that causes unhappiness, uncertainty, etc 造成不愉快、 不明朗等的事物: * A cloud of suspicion is hanging over him. 有一团疑云笼罩着他. * Her arrival cast a cloud (of gloom) over the party. 她一来给聚会蒙上了一层阴影. 5 (idm 习语) every cloud has a silver `lining (saying 谚) there is always a comforting or more hopeful side to a sad or difficult situation 乌云背後总有一线光芒（在逆境中总有值得宽慰的或有希望的一面）. have one's head in the clouds => head1. on cloud `nine (infml 口) extremely happy 极快乐: * He was on cloud nine after winning the competition. 他在比赛获胜後欣喜若狂. under a `cloud in disgrace or under suspicion 失体面; 受怀疑. 派生： cloudless adj without clouds; clear 无云的; 晴朗的: a cloudless sky 晴朗的天空. cloudy adj (-ier, -iest) 1 covered with clouds 多云的; 乌云密布的: a cloudy sky 阴天. 2 (esp of liquids) not clear or transparent （尤指液体）混浊的, 不透明的. cloudiness n [U]. 复合： `cloud-bank n thick mass of low cloud 低垂浓密的云团. `cloudburst n sudden and violent rainstorm 骤雨; 暴雨. ,cloud `chamber (physics 物) device containing vapour in which the paths of charged particles, X-rays and gamma rays can be observed by the trail of tiny drops of condensed vapour they produce 云室（一种含饱和水蒸气的辐射探测器, 遇有粒子、 X射线和伽马射线通过时, 可形成凝结的细小水滴的径迹）.

cloud1
cloud-`cuckoo-land n ideal place or state of affairs that exists only in the mind of an impractical or unrealistic person （脱离现实的）理想境界.

clout
[klaut; klaut] n (infml 口) 1 [C] heavy blow with the hand or a hard object （用手或硬物）猛击, 敲, 打: * get a clout across the back of the head 脑後受到狠狠一击. 2 [U] power or influence 权力; 影响力: * This union hasn't much clout with the Government. 这个组织对政府没有什麽影响力. 派生： clout v [Tn] (infml 口) hit (sb/sth) heavily with the hand or a hard object （用手或硬物）猛击, 打（某人[某物]）.

clove
1 pt of cleave1.

clove hitch
[5klEuv hitF; 5klov 7hitF] knot used to fasten a rope round a pole, bar, etc 卷结（用绳绕过 、 柱等的一种结绳法）.

cloven
pp of cleave1.

clover
[5klEuvE(r); 5klovl] n 1 [U] small plant with (usu) three leaves on each stalk, and purple, pink or white flowers, grown as food for cattle, etc 车轴草（一种矮小植物, 可作牧草, 每一叶柄上通常有叁片叶子, 花呈紫色、 粉红色或白色）: * (a) ,four-leaf[-leaved `clover, ie a rare type of clover with four leaves, thought to bring good luck to anyone who finds it 四叶车轴草（一种稀有的车轴草品种, 叶柄上有四片叶子, 认为可给发现它的人带来好运）. 2 (idm 习语) in clover (infml 口) in comfort or luxury 安逸; 舒适; 富裕: * be/live in clover 生活优裕. 复合： `clover-leaf n (pl -leafs or -leaves/li:vz; 7livz] ) motorway intersection in a pattern resembling a four-leaf clover, allowing traffic to move in any of four directions 蝶式立体交叉桥（车辆可向任何方向行驶的高速公路立交桥）.

clown
[klaun; klaun] n 1 comic entertainer (esp in a circus) who paints his face and dresses in a ridiculous way and performs funny or foolish tricks 滑稽演员; （尤指马戏团的）小丑. 2 person who is always behaving comically 举止一贯滑稽可笑的人. 派生： clown v [I, Ip] ~ (about/around) (usu derog 通常作贬义) act in a foolish or comical way, like a clown 扮小丑: Stop clowning around! 不要再像小丑那样胡闹了! clownish adj of or like a clown 丑角的; 像小丑的.

cloy
[klCi; klCi] v (dated fml 旧, 文) 1 [I] (of sth sweet or pleasurable) become unpleasant by being tasted or experienced too often （指甜食或美好的事物）因过多而生厌; 吃腻; 玩腻: * The pleasures of idleness soon cloy. 无所事事的享乐很快就使人厌烦了. 2 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] sicken (sb) with too much sweetness or pleasure （因吃甜食过多或享乐过度）使（某人）生腻, 生厌: * cloyed with rich food 吃腻美食. 派生： cloying adj (of food, etc) sickeningly sweet （指食物等）甜得发腻的: (fig 比喻) a cloying smile, manner 嬉皮笑脸的微笑、 态度.

cloze test
[5klEuz test; 5kloz 7test] comprehension test in which the person being tested tries to fill in words that have been left out of a text 填空测验（阅读理解力测验, 被测者须填出选文中删去的词语以测验理解力）.

club
1[klQb; klQb] n (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) 1 (a) [C] group of people who meet together regularly to participate in a particular activity (esp a sport) or for relaxation （尤指体育等活动的）社团; 会社; 俱乐部: * a cricket, football, rugby, etc club * a working men's club * a youth club. (b) [C] building or rooms used by a club （俱乐部所用的）建 物或房屋: * have a drink at the golf club * [attrib 作定语] the club bar 俱乐部酒吧间. 2 [CGp, C] (organization owning a) building where elected (usu male) members may stay temporarily, have meals, read the newspapers, etc （通常为男性会员的）社团建 物, 会所: * The club has/have decided to increase subscriptions. 会所决定增加报刊订阅份数. * He's a member of several London clubs. 他是伦敦几个会所的成员. 3 [C] commercial organization offering benefits to members who agree to make regular payments of money （为会员提供利益的）商业组织: * a book club. 4 [C] = night-club (night). 5 (idm 习语) in the club (Brit sl 俚) pregnant 怀孕. join the club => join. 派生： club v (-bb-) (phr v) club together (to do sth) (of the members of a group) make contributions of money, etc so that the total can be used for a specific purpose （指某集体中的成员）（为某目的）凑钱, 分摊费用: They clubbed together to buy the chairman a present. 他们出份子给主席买礼物. clubbable[5klQbEbl; 5klQbEbl] adj suitable to be a member of a club; sociable 有资格做俱乐部会员的; 善於交际的. 复合： `club car (US) first-class railway carriage offering comfortable seats and refreshments 有舒适座位及小吃的火车车厢. `clubhouse n building used by a sports club, esp a golf club 俱乐部会所. ,club `sandwich (esp US) sandwich consisting of three slices of bread or toast and two layers of meat, lettuce, tomato, etc 总会叁明治（叁片面包夹有两层肉、 生菜、 蕃茄等的叁明治）cluck /// /klQk; klQk] n noise that a hen makes, eg when calling her chicks （母鸡的）咯咯叫声（如呼唤小鸡时）. 派生： cluck v 1 [I] make a cluck 发出咯咯声. 2 [I, Tn] (of people) express (disapproval, etc) by making a similar noise （指人）发出表示不同意等的声音.

clue
[klu:; klu] n 1 ~ (to sth) fact or piece of evidence that helps to solve a problem or reveal the truth in an investigation 线索; 端倪: * The only clue to the identity of the murderer was a half-smoked cigarette. 鉴定谋杀者的唯一线索是一枝吸了一半的香烟. * We have no clue as to where she went after she left home. 我们对她离家後去往何处毫无线索. 2 word or words indicating the answer to be inserted in a crossword puzzle （纵横填字字谜中对应填词语的）提示词语. 3 (idm 习语) not have a `clue (infml 口) (a) not know (anything about) sth; not know how to do sth 对某事物一无所知; 不知如何做某事物: * `When does the train leave?’ `I haven't a clue.’ ‘火车什麽时候开?’‘我完全不知道.’ (b) (derog 贬) be stupid or incompetent 愚笨; 无能: * `Don't ask him to do it he hasn't a clue. ’ ‘不要叫他做--他没本事.’ 派生： clue v (phr v) clue sb up (about/on sth) (infml 口) (usu passive 通常用於被动语态) make sb well-informed (about sth) 使某人熟知（某事物）: She's really clued up on politics. 她对政治非常博学多闻. clueless/klu:lis; 5klulis] adj (infml derog 口, 贬) stupid or incompetent 愚笨的; 无能的: * He's absolutely clueless. 他毫无本事.

clump
1[klQmp; klQmp] n group or cluster (esp of trees, shrubs or plants) （尤指树木或花草的）丛: * a small clump of oak trees 橡树丛. 派生： clump v [Tn, Tn.p esp passive 尤用於被动语态] ~ sth (together) form a clump or arrange sth in a clump 形成一丛; 将某物聚集成堆: The children's shoes were all clumped together in a corner. 孩子们的鞋都堆在角落里.

clumsy
[5klQmzi; 5klQmzi] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 awkward and ungraceful in movement or shape （行动或形状）笨拙而难看的: * You clumsy oaf that's the second glass you've broken today! 你这个笨家伙--这是你今天打碎的第二个玻璃杯! 2 (of tools, furniture, etc) difficult to use or move; not well designed （指工具、 家具等）难用的, 难移动的; 设计欠佳的: * a clumsy sideboard, pair of scissors 不好用的碗柜、 剪刀 * It's not easy walking in these clumsy shoes. 穿着这双笨重的鞋走路真难受. 3 done without tact or skill 无策略的; 无技巧的: * a clumsy apology, reply, speech, etc 生硬的道歉、 回答、 讲话等 * a clumsy forgery, ie one that is easy to detect 粗劣的伪造品（容易识破的）. > clumsily adv. clumsiness n [U].

clung
pt, pp of cling.

clunk
[klQNk; klQNk] n dull sound (as) of heavy metal objects striking together （沉重的金属物件的）碰击声, 揭匡 声. 派生： clunk v [I] make this sound 发出揭匡 声.

cluster
[5klQstE(r); 5klQstl] n 1 number of things of the same kind growing closely together （丛生的）簇, 丛, 团, 串: * a cluster of berries, flowers, curls 一簇浆果、 花、 鬈发 * ivy growing in thick clusters 成丛生长的常春藤. 2 number of people, animals or things grouped closely together （任何的）群, 堆, 组, 团, 串: * a cluster of houses, spectators, bees, islands, diamonds, stars 密密匝匝的房屋、 观众、 蜜蜂、 岛屿、 钻石、 星星 * a consonant cluster, eg str in strong 辅音连缀（如strong中的 str）. 派生： cluster v (phr v) cluster/be clustered (together) round sb/sth form a cluster round sb/sth; surround sb/sth closely 聚集在某人[某物]的周围; 丛生; 群聚: roses clustering round the window 绕着窗户丛生的玫瑰花 * The village clusters round the church. 村子的房屋围绕在教堂的四周. * Reporters (were) clustered round the Prime Minister. 记者把首相团团围住.

clutch
1[klQtF; klQtF] v 1 (a) [Tn] seize (sb/sth) eagerly 急忙抓住（某人[某事物]）: * He clutched the rope we threw to him. 他急忙抓住我们扔给他的绳子. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] hold (sb/sth) tightly in the hand(s) 紧紧地抱住、 握住（某人[某物]）: * clutch a baby in one's arms 双臂抱住婴儿 * Mary was clutching her doll to her chest. 玛丽把洋娃娃抱在怀里. 2 (idm 习语) clutch at a straw/straws try to grasp a slight opportunity to escape, rescue sb, etc in desperate circumstances 临危极力抓住渺茫的机会逃脱、 救人等. 3 (phr v) clutch at sth try to seize sth 试图抓住某事物: * He clutched at the branch but couldn't reach it. 他想抓住树枝, 可是没够着. 派生： clutch n 1 (a) [C] act of clutching or seizing 抓; 握; 抱: make a clutch at sth 想抓取某事物. (b) [sing] act of holding sth in the fingers or the hands; grip 抓; 握; 捏; 攥. 2 clutches [pl] power or control (used esp as in the expressions shown) 势力范围, 控制（尤用於以下示例）: be in sb's clutches 在某人控制下 * fall into the clutches of sb/sth 落入某人[某事物]的势力范围 * have sb in one's clutches 把某人控制住 * escape from sb's clutches 摆脱某人的控制. 3 [C] (a) device that connects and disconnects working parts in a machine (esp the engine and gears in a motor vehicle) 接合器; （尤指）离合器: let in/out the clutch, ie when changing gear 接合[分离]离合器（换挡时） * She released the clutch and the car began to move. 她放开离合器, 汽车就动了. (b) pedal that operates this device 离合器踏板: take one's foot off the clutch 把脚从离合器踏板上抬起. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xii.

clutter
[5klQtE(r); 5klQtl] n (derog 贬) (a) [U] (esp unnecessary or unwanted) things lying about untidily 凌乱的东西: * How can you work with so much clutter on your desk? 书桌上有这麽多乱七八糟的东西, 你怎麽能工作呢? (b) [sing] untidy state 杂乱; 凌乱: * His room is always in a clutter. 他的房间总是凌乱不堪. 派生： clutter v [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) fill or cover sth in an untidy way 胡乱地填满、 塞满或覆盖住某事物: a room cluttered (up) with unnecessary furniture 塞满不必要的家具的房间 * Don't clutter up my desk I've just tidied it. 不要在我的书桌上乱放东西--我刚收拾好. * (fig 比喻) His head is cluttered (up) with useless facts. 他满脑子杂七杂八的闲事.

Cmdr
abbr 缩写 = Cdr.

Cmdre
abbr 缩写 = Cdre.

CND
[7si: en 'di:; 7si en 'di] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament 核裁军运动.

co
tenant

co-
pref 前缀 (used fairly widely with adjs, advs, ns and vs 可与许多形容词、 副词、 名词、 动词结合) together; jointly 共同; 一起; 联合: co-produced * co-operatively * co-driver * co-star.

coach
1[kEutF; kotF] n 1 bus (usu with a single deck) for carrying passengers over long distances 长途公共汽车（通常指单层的）: * travel by overnight coach to Scotland 乘坐夜间长途汽车去苏格兰 * [attrib 作定语] a coach station 长途汽车站 * a coach tour of Italy 乘长途汽车游览意大利. 2 = carriage 2. 3 large four-wheeled carriage pulled by horses and used (esp formerly) for carrying passengers 四轮大马车（尤指旧时载客的）: * a `stage-coach 公共马车. 4 (idm 习语) drive a coach and horses through sth => drive1. 复合： coachman[5kEutFmEn; 5kotFmEn] n (pl -men[-mEn; -mEn] ) driver of a horse-drawn carriage 马车夫. `coachwork n [U] main outside structure of a road or railway vehicle （公路或铁路车辆的）车身外壳.

coagulate
[kEu'Agjuleit; ko'AgjE7let] v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) change from a liquid to a thick and semi-solid state; clot （使液体）变为半固体状态; 凝固: * Blood coagulates in air. 血液遇到空气就凝结. * Air coagulates blood. 空气能使血液凝结. > coagulation/kEu-7gju'leiFn; ko7AgjE'leFEn] n [U].

coal
[kEul; kol] n 1 (a) [U] black mineral found below the ground, used for burning to supply heat and to make coal gas and coal tar 煤: * put more coal on the fire 往火里再加些煤 * [attrib 作定语] a coal fire 煤火 * coal dust 煤末. (b) [C] piece of this material, esp one that is burning （尤指燃烧着的）煤块: * A hot coal fell out of the fire and burnt the carpet. 火炉里掉出一块炽热的煤把地毯烧了. 2 (idm 习语) carry coals to Newcastle => carry. haul sb over the coals => haul. heap coals of fire on sb's head => heap. 派生： coal v 1 [Tn] load a supply of coal into (a ship) 给（轮船）加煤, 上煤, 装煤. 2 [I] (of a ship) be loaded with a supply of coal （指轮船）被加煤, 上煤, 装煤. 复合： ,coal-`black adj very dark 极黑的: ,coal-black `eyes 乌黑的眼晴. `coal-face (also face) n part of a coal-seam from which coal is being cut 煤层中的采掘面: work at the coal-face 采煤工作. `coalfield n district in which coal is mined 采煤区. `coal gas [U] mixture of gases produced from coal, used for lighting and heating 煤气. `coal-hole n small cellar for storing coal 贮藏煤的地下室; 地下小煤库. `coal-mine (also pit) n place underground where coal is dug 煤矿. `coal-miner n person whose job is digging coal in a coal-mine 煤矿工人. `coal oil n (US) = paraffin. `coal-scuttle (also scuttle) n container for coal, usu kept by the fireside 煤斗, 煤桶（通常置於炉边的）. `coal-seam n layer of coal under the ground 煤层. ,coal `tar thick black sticky substance produced when gas is made from coal 煤焦油.

coalesce
[7kEuE'les; 7koE'les] v [I] (fml 文) combine and form one group, substance, mass, etc 联合; 结合; 合并: * The views of party leaders coalesced to form a coherent policy. 党的领导人的各种观点已统一为一致的政策. > coalescence[7kEuE'lesns; 7koE'lesns] n [U].

coalition
[7kEuE'liFn; 7koE'liFEn] n 1 [U] action of uniting into one body or group 结合; 联合. 2 [CGp] temporary alliance between political parties, usu in order to form a government 政党间的暂时联合（通常为成立联合政府的）: * form a coalition 结成同盟 * a left-wing coalition 左翼联盟 * [attrib 作定语] a coalition government 联合政府.

coaming
[5kEumiN; 5komiN] n raised rim round a ship's hatches to keep water out 舱口栏板（船舱口周围防水流入的突起边缘）.

coarse
[kC:s; kCrs] adj (-r, -st) 1 (a) consisting of large particles; not fine 有大颗粒的; 粗糙的; 粗的: * coarse sand, salt, etc 粗沙、 粗盐等. (b) rough or loose in texture （表面或质地）粗糙的, 稀松的: * bags made from coarse linen 用粗亚麻制的口袋 * a coarse complexion/skin 粗糙的颜面[皮肤]. 2 (of food, wine, etc) of low quality; inferior （指食物、 酒等）低劣的, 粗劣的. 3 (a) not refined; vulgar 不高雅的; 粗俗的: * coarse manners, laughter, tastes, etc 粗俗的举止、 笑声、 兴味等. (b) indecent or obscene 下流的; 猥亵的; 淫秽的: * coarse jokes, humour, language, etc 粗鄙笑话、 幽默、 语言等. 派生： coarsely adv: chop onions coarsely, ie into large pieces 把洋葱剁成大块. coarsen[5kC:sn; 5kCrsn] v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become coarse （使某物）变粗糙: * The sea air coarsened her skin. 海上的空气使她的皮肤粗糙了. coarseness n [U]. 复合： ,coarse `fish freshwater fish other than salmon and trout （除 和鳟以外的）淡水鱼. ,coarse `fishing trying to catch coarse fish as a sport 捕捉淡水鱼（作为娱乐活动）.

coast
1[kEust; kost] n 1 land bordering the sea 海岸: * The ship was wrecked on the Kent coast. 该船在肯特海岸遇难. * islands off the Scottish coast 苏格兰沿海的岛屿 * a village on the south coast, eg of England 南海岸的村子（如英格兰南海岸） * spend a day by the coast, ie the seaside 在海滨度一日 * [attrib 作定语] a coast road, ie one that follows the line of the coast 沿海岸线的道路. =>illus 见插图. 2 (idm 习语) the ,coast is `clear (infml 口) there is no danger of being seen or caught 没有被发现或被捉住的危险: * They waited until the coast was clear before loading the stolen goods into the van. 他们待四下无人时就把赃物装进货车. 派生： coastal adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of or near a coast 海岸的; 沿海的: coastal waters 近海水域 * a coastal town, area, etc 沿海的城镇、 地区等. Cf 参看 inland 1. 复合： `coastguard n [C, CGp] (one of a) group of people employed to watch the coast and report passing ships, prevent smuggling, etc （受雇监视、 报告过往船只、 防止走私等的）海岸警卫队（员）. `coastline n shape or outline of a coast 海岸的轮廓; 海岸线: a rugged, rocky, indented, etc coastline 崎岖的、 多石的、 弯弯曲曲的...海岸线. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Coast and shore both indicate land lying beside large areas of water. *coast和shore均指邻接大片水域的陆地. Shore suggests the limits of a lake or sea, or a narrow strip of land next to the water *shore指湖或海的边缘或水边的狭长的陆地: They camped on the shore of Lake Bala. 他们在巴拉湖畔宿营. * The survivors swam to the shore. 幸存者游上了岸. The land at the edge of a river or stream is a bank. 江河或溪流边上的陆地叫做bank. *Coast can refer to a wider area of land or a long stretch of land next to the sea or ocean *coast可指邻接海或洋的较宽阔的或狭长的地域: We live at/on the coast. 我们住在海滨. * the Atlantic coast of South America 南美洲的大西洋海岸. The beach is usually the sloping part of the shore often covered by the sea at high tide *beach通常指shore的倾斜部分, 往往在涨潮时被潮水漫过: The beach was crowded with sunbathers. 沙滩上挤满了作日光浴的人们. The seaside is a coastal area where people go on holiday *seaside是指人们前往度假的沿海地区: Brighton is a famous seaside resort. 布赖顿是着名的海滨胜地.

coast1
* We're spending August at the seaside. 我们八月份要在海滨度过.

coaster
[5kEustE(r); 5kostl] n 1 (a) small mat put under a drinking-glass to protect a polished table, etc from drips 杯垫. (b) small tray for holding a decanter, wine bottle, etc （放饮料瓶、 酒瓶等的）小托盘. 2 ship that sails from port to port along a coast （沿海岸各港口航行的）轮船.

coat
[kEut; kot] n 1 long outer garment with sleeves, usu fastened at the front with buttons 大衣: * a waterproof, fur, leather, etc coat 防水的、 皮毛的、 皮革的等大衣. 2 woman's jacket worn with a skirt （与裙子配套穿的女用）短外套: * a tweed coat and skirt 粗花呢的外套和裙子. 3 fur, hair or wool covering an animal's body （动物的）皮毛: * a dog with a smooth, shaggy, etc coat 长有光滑毛的、 粗毛的狗 * animals in their winter coats, ie grown long for extra warmth 长有冬季皮毛的动物（毛长而更保暖）. 4 layer of paint or some other substance put on a surface at one time （涂颜料等的）一层: * give sth a second coat of paint 在某物上涂上第二层颜料. 5 (idm 习语) ,cut one's `coat ac,cording to one's `cloth (saying 谚) spend money or produce sth within the limits of what one can afford 量力而行; 量入为出: * We wanted to buy a bigger house than this but we had to cut our coat according to our cloth. 我们原想买比这个大些的房子, 但是得量力而为呀. turn one's coat desert one side, party, etc and join another, esp because it is profitable or advantageous to do so 背弃自己的一方、 党派等而加入另一方（尤指因有利可图或有好处）; 变节; 背叛; 改变立场. 派生： coat v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (in/with sth) cover sb/sth with a layer of sth 为某人[某物]加上一层东西: coat fish in batter 把鱼蘸上一层面、 蛋、 奶调成的糊 * biscuits coated with chocolate 外层有巧克力的饼乾 * furniture coated with dust 落上灰尘的家具 * a coated tongue 有苔的舌头. coating n 1 [C] thin layer or covering 薄层; 外层: a coating of wax, chocolate, paint 一层蜡、 巧克力、 颜料. 2 [U] material for making coats (coat 1, 2) （做大衣或女外套的）面料. 复合： `coat-hanger n = hanger. ,coat of `arms (also arms) design on a shield used as an emblem by a family, city, university, etc （用作某家族、 城市、 大学等的标志的）盾形徽章. =>illus 见插图.

coat1
,coat of `mail piece of armour made of interlocking metal rings or plates and worn on the upper part of the body 铠甲; 锁子甲. `coat-tails n [pl] divided tapering part at the back of a tailcoat (tail) （燕尾服的）尾部.

coax
[5kEuks; koks] v [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.t] 1 ~ sb (into/out of (doing) sth) persuade sb gently or gradually 劝诱或哄劝某人: * He coaxed her into letting him take her to the cinema. 他哄得她同意带她去看电影. * She coaxed him out of his bad temper. 她循循善诱地劝他改掉坏脾气. * coax a child to take its medicine 哄小孩儿吃药 * (fig 比喻) coax a fire with (ie make it burn by adding) paraffin 加上煤油把火点着. 2 (phr v) coax sth outof/from sb obtain sth from sb by gentle persuasion 用好言好语劝说某人以得到某事物: * I had to coax the information out of him. 我得用好话套出他掌握的情况. * She coaxed a smile from the baby. 她哄得婴儿一笑. 派生： coaxing n [U] attempts to persuade sb 试图劝诱某人: It took a lot of coaxing before he agreed. 劝说了很久他才同意. * (fig 比喻) With a little coaxing (ie After several attempts) the engine started. 发动机打了几次火才发动起来. coaxingly adv: speak coaxingly 苦口婆心地说.

cob
[kCb; kab] n 1 strong short-legged horse for riding （供乘骑用的）强壮而腿短的马. 2 male swan 雄天鹅. 3 (also `cob-nut) large type of hazel-nut 欧洲榛子. 4 = corn-cob corn (cob1): * corn on the cob 玉米棒子.

cobalt
[5kEubC:lt; 5kobClt] n [U] 1 chemical element, a hard silvery-white metal used in many alloys 钴. =>App 10 见附录10. 2 deep-blue colouring matter made from compounds of this, used to colour glass and pottery 钴类颜料（深蓝色, 用於玻璃及陶瓷着色）: * [attrib 作定语] cobalt blue 钴蓝.

cobber
[5kCbE(r); 5kabl] n (Austral infml 澳, 口) (esp used as a form of address between men 尤用作男子间的称呼) friend; mate 朋友; 同伴.

cobble
1[5kCbl; 5kabl] (also `cobble-stone) n rounded stone formerly used for covering the surfaces of roads, etc （旧时用於铺路面等的）圆石, 鹅卵石: * The cart clattered over the cobble-stones. 马车 地驶过石子路. 派生： cobble v [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] cover the surface of (a road) with cobbles 用圆石铺（路）面: cobbled streets 用圆石铺的街道.

cobbler
[5kCblE(r); 5kabll] n 1 (becoming dated 渐旧) person who repairs shoes 修鞋匠; 补鞋匠. 2 (esp US) fruit pie with a thick cake-like crust 脆皮水果馅饼. 3 (esp US) iced drink made with wine, lemon and sugar （用酒、 柠檬和糖制成的）冷饮料.

COBOL
(also Cobol)[5kEubCl; 5ko7bCl] abbr 缩写 = (computing 计) common business-oriented language, a programming language designed for use in commerce 通用商业语言（为商业用途而设计的程序语言）.

cobra
[5kEubrE; 5kobrE] n poisonous snake found in India and Africa 眼镜蛇. =>illus at snake 见snake之插图.

cobweb
[5kCbweb; 5kab7web] n 1 fine network of threads made by a spider 蜘蛛网. 2 single thread of this 蜘蛛丝. Cf 参看 web 1.

Coca
Cola

coca
[5kEukE; 5kokE] n (a) [C] S American shrub 古柯（南美灌木）. (b) [U] its dried leaves from which cocaine is obtained 古柯树的乾叶（可提取可卡因）.

cocaine
[kEu'kein; ko'ken] n [U] drug used as a local anaesthetic by doctors, and as a stimulant by drug addicts 可卡因; 古柯瞏.

coccyx
[5kCksiks; 5kaksiks] n (pl ~es or coccyges/ 5kCksIdVi:z; kBk`sEdViz/) (anatomy 解) small bone at the bottom of the spine 尾骨. =>illus at skeleton 见skeleton之插图.

cochineal
[7kCtFi'ni:l; 7katFE'nil] n [U] bright red colouring-matter made from the dried bodies of certain tropical American insects 胭脂虫红（由南美热带胭脂虫乾骸制成的鲜红色物质）.

cochlea
[5kCkliE; 5kakliE] n (pl -leae[-li-i:; -li7i] ) (anatomy 解) spiral-shaped part of the inner ear 耳蜗. =>illus at ear 见ear之插图.

cock
roach, cockroach

cockade
[kC'keid; kak'ed] n piece of ribbon tied in a knot and worn on a hat as a badge 帽子上作为徽章的带结.

cockatoo
[7kCkE'tu:; 7kakE'tu] n (pl ~s) type of parrot with a large crest 凤头鹦鹉; 葵花鹦鹉.

cockchafer
[5kCktFeifE(r); 5kak7tFefl] (also `may-bug)n large beetle that flies at night with a loud whirring sound and feeds on leaves 金龟（甲虫）.

cocker
[5kCkE(r); 5kakl] n (also ,cocker `spaniel) small spaniel with golden-brown fur （金褐色毛的）西班牙猎鸡狗. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page iii.

cockerel
[5kCkErEl; 5kakErEl] n young cock1(1) not more than one year old （未满一岁的）小公鸡.

cockle
[5kCkl; 5kakl] n 1 (a) small edible shellfish 鸟蛤（可食的小蛤）. (b) its shell 鸟蛤壳. 2 (also `cockle-shell) small shallow boat 浅底小船. 3 (idm 习语) warm the cockles => warm2.

cockney
[5kCkni; 5kakni] n 1 [C] native of London, esp of the East End of the city 伦敦人（尤指东区人）. 2 [U] dialect spoken by cockneys 伦敦人的方言; 伦敦土话. 派生： cockney adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] of cockneys or their dialect 伦敦人的; 伦敦土话的: a cockney accent 伦敦口音 * cockney humour, slang, wit 伦敦人的幽默、 俚语、 机智.

cockpit
[5kCkpit; 5kak7pit] n 1 compartment for the pilot and crew of an aircraft or a spaceship （飞行器中机组人员的）座舱, 驾驶舱. =>illus at aircraft 见aircraft之插图. 2 driver's seat in a racing car （赛车手的）驾驶座. 3 enclosed part of a small yacht containing the wheel （小游艇的）座舱. =>illus at yacht 见yacht之插图. 4 (a) (formerly) place used for cock-fights （旧时）斗鸡场. (b) place where many battles have been fought （进行过多次战役的）战场: * Belgium has been called the cockpit of Europe. 比利时被称作欧洲的战场.

cockscomb
[5kCkskEum; 5kaks7kom] n red fleshy crest on the head of a cock1(1) （公鸡的）鸡冠.

cocksure
[7kCk'FC:(r); - 7kCk'FuEr; 5kak'Fur] adj ~ (about/of sth) (infml 口) arrogantly or offensively confident 过於自信的: * He's so cocksure I'd love to see him proved wrong. 他过分自信--我倒想看看他栽跟头.

cocktail
[5kCkteil; 5kak7tel] n 1 [C] alcoholic drink consisting of a spirit or spirits mixed with fruit juice, etc 鸡尾酒: * [attrib 作定语] a cocktail party 鸡尾酒会. 2 [C, U] dish of seafood or fruit (used esp in the expressions shown) 用海鲜或水果做的菜（尤用於下列示例）: * (a) prawn cocktail, ie a mixture of prawns and mayonnaise eaten as a first course 大虾冷盘（用作西餐第一道菜） * (a) fruit cocktail, ie a mixture of small pieces of fruit, usu eaten as a dessert 什锦水果丁（通常作西餐最後的甜食）. 3 [C] (infml 口) any mixture of substances 任何混合物: * a lethal cocktail of drugs 致命的混合药物.

cocky
[5kCki; 5kaki] adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) conceited; arrogant 自高自大的; 趾高气扬的. > cockily adv. cockiness n [U].

coco
[5kEukEu; 5koko] n (pl ~s) = coconut palm (coconut).

cocoa
[5kEukEu; 5koko] n (a) [U] dark brown powder made from crushed cacao seeds; powdered chocolate 可可粉; 巧克力粉. (b) [C, U] (cup of a) hot drink made from this with milk or water （一杯）可可与牛奶或水调成的热饮料: * a mug of cocoa 一大杯可可.

coconut
[5kEukEnQt; 5kokE7nQt] n (a) [C] large hard-shelled seed of the coconut palm, with an edible white lining and filled with milky juice 椰子. (b) [U] the edible lining of this, often shredded and used to flavour cakes, biscuits, etc 椰子肉; 椰丝; 椰蓉: * [attrib 作定语] coconut icing 椰霜. 复合： ,coconut `matting floor covering made from the tough fibre of the coconut's outer husk 用椰壳纤维做的垫子. `coconut palm (also coco, `coco-palm) tropical tree on which coconuts grow 椰树. `coconut shy fairground stall where people try to knock coconuts off stands by throwing balls at them 在娱乐场上用球击椰子的游戏摊位.

cocoon
[kE'ku:n; kE'kun] n 1 silky covering made by an insect larva to protect itself while it is a chrysalis 茧. 2 any soft protective covering 任何保护性软套: * wrapped in a cocoon of blankets 裹在毯子里. 派生： cocoon v [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] cover or wrap (sb/sth) in a cocoon 将（某人[某物]）盖在或裹在保护层里: cocooned in luxury 在奢侈的环境中.

cod
[kCd; kad] n (pl unchanged 复数不变) 1 (also `codfish) [C] large sea fish 鳕. 2 [U] its flesh eaten as food （食用的）鳕鱼肉. 复合： ,cod-liver `oil n [U] oil obtained from cod livers, rich in vitamins A and D and used as a medicine 鱼肝油.

coda
[5kEudE; 5kodE] n (music 音) final passage of a piece of music （乐曲的）尾声.

coddle
[5kCdl; 5kadl] v [Tn] 1 treat (sb) with great care and tenderness 悉心照料（某人）: * He'll need to be coddled after his illness. 他病後需要悉心照料. 2 cook (eggs) in water just below boiling-point （在刚刚低於沸点的水中）煮（鸡蛋）.

code
[kEud; kod] n 1 [C, U] (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) (a) (system of) words, letters, symbols, etc that represent others, used for secret messages or for presenting or recording information briefly 密码; 暗号; 代码; 代号; 电码: * a letter in code 密码信 * break/crack (ie decipher) a code 解译[破译]密码 * a `post-code/`postal code. (b) (system of) pre-arranged signals used to send messages by machine 用机器传送的信号（的系统）: * ,Morse `code. 2 [C] set of instructions for programming a computer 编码（计算机编制程序的成套指令）. 3 [C] (a) set of laws or rules arranged in a system （系统编排的）法律, 规章, 章程, 法典: * the penal `code 刑法 * the highway `code 公路法规. (b) set of moral principles accepted by society or a group of people 道德准则: * a code of be`haviour/`honour 行为[社交礼仪]准则 * a code of `practice, ie a set of professional standards agreed on by members of a particular profession 行业规则. 派生： code v [Tn] put or write (sth) in code 将（某事物）编成或写成密码、 代码或电码等: coded messages 用密码编写的信息.

codeine
[5kEudi:n; 5kodi7in] n [U] drug made from opium, used to relieve pain or help people to sleep 可待因（由鸦片制成的药物, 用以镇痛或安眠）.

codex
[5kEudeks; 5kodeks] n (pl codices[5kEudisi:z; 5kodE7siz] ) handwritten book of ancient texts （古书的）手抄本.

codger
[5kCdVE(r); 5kadVl] n (infml 口) man, esp an old or peculiar one 男人（尤指老人或古怪的人）: * He's a funny old codger. 他这个人可真怪.

codicil
[5kEudisil; - 'kCdEsl; 5kadEsl] n (law 律) later addition to a will, esp one that changes part of it 遗嘱修改附录: * She added a codicil to her will just before she died. 她临终前在遗嘱上加了附录.

codify
[5kEudifai; - 'kCdEfai; 5kadE7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn] arrange (laws, rules, etc) systematically into a code(3a) 将（法律、 规则等）编成法典. 派生： codification[7kEudifi'keiFn; - 7kCd-; 7kadEfE'keFEn] n [U].

codpiece
[5kCdpi:s; 5kad7pis] n (in 15th and 16th century dress) bag or flap covering the opening at the front of a man's breeches （15、 16世纪服装）遮阴布（男子短马裤前面的遮袋或遮盖）.

codswallop
n [U] (Brit infml 口) nonsense; rubbish 胡说; 废话: He's talking (a load of) codswallop. 他（满口）胡说八道.

coed
[7kEu'ed; 5ko'ed] n (infml 口 esp US) female student at a coeducational school or college （男女合校的）女生. 派生： coed adj (infml 口) coeducational 男女合校的: Is your school coed? 你们学校是男女合校吗? * a ,coed `school 男女合校的学校.

coeducation
[7kEuedVu'keiFn; 7koedVE'keFEn] n [U] education of girls and boys together 男女合校的教育. > coeducational[-'keiFEnl; -'keFEnl] adj.

coefficient
[7kEui'fiFnt; 7koE'fiFEnt] n 1 (mathematics 数) quantity placed before and multiplying another quantity 系数: * In 3xy, 3 is the coefficient of xy. 在3xy中, 3是xy的系数. 2 (physics 物) measure of a particular property of a substance under specified conditions 系数: * the coefficient of friction 摩擦系数.

coerce
[kEu'E:s; ko'Es] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (into sth/doing sth) (fml 文) make sb do sth by using force or threats; compel sb to do sth 强制或胁迫某人做某事: * coerce sb into submission 迫使某人屈服 * They were coerced into signing the contract. 他们被迫签了合同. 派生： coercion/kEu'E:Fn; - -Vn; ko'EVEn] n [U] coercing or being coerced 强迫; 胁迫; 被迫: * He paid the money under coercion. 他被迫付了钱. coercive/kEu'E:siv; ko'Esiv] adj using force or threats 强迫的; 胁迫的: * coercive methods, measures, tactics, etc 强迫的方法、 手段、 策略等.

coeval
[7kEu'i:vl; ko'ivl] adj ~ (with sb/sth) (fml 文) existing at the same time or having the same age as sb/sth else; contemporary 同年代的; 同时代的; 同年龄的; 同时期的. 派生： coeval n (fml 文) coeval person or thing 同时代的人; 同年代的事物.

coexist
[7kEuig'zist; 7koig'zist] v [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb/sth) (a) exist together at the same time or in the same place 同时或同地存在; 共处; 共存. (b) (of opposing countries or groups) exist together without fighting （指对立的国家或集团）和平共处. 派生： coexistence n [U] coexisting 共处; 共存: peaceful coexistence, ie tolerance of each other by countries, groups, etc with different political systems, beliefs, etc 和平共处.

coffee
[5kCfi; - 'kC:fi; 5kCfi] n 1 [U] (powder obtained by grinding the roasted) seeds of the coffee tree 咖啡豆; 咖啡粉: * half a pound of coffee 半磅咖啡 * instant coffee, ie coffee powder that dissolves in boiling water 速溶咖啡 * [attrib 作定语] a coffee cake, ie one flavoured with coffee 咖啡蛋糕. 2 (a) [U] drink made by adding hot water to ground or powdered coffee 咖啡（热饮料）: * a cup of coffee 一杯咖啡 * make some coffee 煮咖啡. (b) [C] cup of this drink 一杯咖啡: * Two black/white coffees, please, ie without/with milk. 请来两杯不加奶的[加奶的]咖啡. 3 [U] colour of coffee mixed with milk; light brown 咖啡色（咖啡加奶的颜色）; 浅褐色: * [attrib 作定语] a coffee carpet 咖啡色的地毯. 复合： `coffee bar (Brit) place serving coffee, non-alcoholic drinks and snacks 咖啡馆. `coffee bean seed of the coffee tree 咖啡豆. `coffee grinder (also `coffee-mill) machine for grinding roasted coffee beans 咖啡磨. `coffee-house n (formerly) place serving coffee and other refreshments, esp one that was a fashionable meeting-place in 18th century London （旧时）咖啡馆（尤指18世纪伦敦上流社会的）. `coffee shop (US) small restaurant serving coffee and simple meals （供应咖啡和便饭的）小饭馆. `coffee-table n small low table 咖啡桌. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xvi. `coffee-table book large expensive illustrated book, often placed where visitors may look at it 精装大开本画册（常放在客人能看到的地方）. `coffee tree tropical shrub on which coffee beans grow 咖啡树.

coffer
[5kCfE(r); 5kCfl] n 1 [C] large strong box for holding money or other valuables; chest 保险柜; 保险箱; 箱子. 2 coffers [pl] (fml 文) store of money; treasury; funds 金库; 资金: * The nation's coffers are empty. 国库空虚. 3 [C] (architecture 建) ornamental sunken panel in a ceiling, dome, etc 镶板; 藻井（天花板、 圆屋顶等凹陷的装饰镶嵌板）. 4 (also `coffer-dam) [C] watertight structure built or placed round an area of water which can then be pumped dry to allow building work (eg on a bridge) to be done inside it 围堰; 沉箱.

coffin
[5kCfin; 5kCfin] n 1 box in which a dead body is buried or cremated 棺材. 2 (idm 习语) a nail in sb's/sth's coffin => nail.

cog
[kCg; kag] 1 each of a series of teeth on the edge of a wheel, that fit between those of a similar wheel, so that each wheel can cause the other one to move （齿轮的）轮牙; 轮齿. =>illus 见插图. 2 (idm 习语) a cog in the ma`chine (infml 口) person who plays a necessary but small part in a large organization or process 不重要的但不可少的人. 复合： `cog-railway n (esp US) = rack-railway (rack1). `cog-wheel n wheel with teeth round the edge 嵌齿轮. =>illus 见插图.

cogent
[5kEudVEnt; 5kodVEnt] adj (of arguments, reasons, etc) convincing; strong （指论据、 道理等）令人信服的; 强有力的: * He produced cogent reasons for the change of policy. 他对改变政策提出了充分的理由. 派生： cogency[5kEudVEnsi; 5kodVEnsi] n [U] (of argu-ments, reasons, etc) quality of being convincing; strength （指论据、 道理等的）说服力; 中肯. cogently adv: Her case was cogently argued. 她的案件辩驳得很有说服力.

cogitate
[5kCdViteit; 5kadVE7tet] v [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (about/on) sth (fml or joc 文或谑) think deeply about sth 深思某事物; 仔细思考. 派生： cogitation[7kCdVi'teiFn; 7kadVE'teFEn] n [C, U] (fml 文) (act of) thinking deeply 深思; 仔细思考: * After much cogitation I have decided to resign. 我经过再叁考虑後决定辞职.

cognac
[5kCnjAk; 5kanjAk] n (a) [U] (type of) fine brandy made in W France 科尼亚克白兰地酒（法国西部产的精美的白兰地酒）. (b) [C] glass of this 一杯科尼亚克白兰地酒.

cognate
[5kCgneit; 5kagnet] adj ~ (with sth) 1 (linguistics 语言) (of a word or language) having the same source or origin as another one （指词或语言）同源的: * The German word `Haus' is cognate with the English word `house'. 德语的Haus一词和英语的house一词同源. * German and Dutch are cognate languages. 德语和荷兰语为同源语言. 2 having many things in common; related 有许多共同点的; 相关的: * Physics and astronomy are cognate sciences. 物理学和天文学是相关联的科学. 派生： cognate n (linguistics 语言) word that is cognate with another 同源词: `Haus' and `house' are cognates. Haus与house为同源词.

cognition
[kCg'niFn; kag'niFEn] n [U] (psychology 心) action or process of acquiring knowledge, by reasoning or by intuition or through the senses 认知; 认识; 认识力. 派生： cognitive[5kCgnitiv; 5kagnEtiv] adj of or relating to cognition 认知的; 有关认识的: * a child's cognitive development 儿童认识能力的发展.

cognizance
[5kCgnizEns; 5kagnEzEns] n [U] 1 (fml 文) knowledge; awareness 知觉; 获知; 认识: * have cognizance of sth 认识到某事物. 2 (esp law 尤用於法律) scope or extent of sb's knowledge or concern 审理; 审理权; 审判权: * These matters fall within/go beyond the cognizance of this court. 这些问题在本法庭审理范围之内[外]. 3 (idm 习语) take cognizance of sth (esp law 尤用於法律) take notice of sth; acknowledge sth officially 注意到某事物; 正式获知某事物; 受理: * take cognizance of new evidence 注意到新的证据. 派生： cognizant adj [pred 作表语] ~ of sth (fml 文) having knowledge of sth; aware of sth 知道某事物; 认识某事物.

cognoscente
[7kCnjE'Fenti; 7kanjE'Fente] n (pl co-gnoscenti) (Italian 意) (usu pl 通常作复数) connois- seur 鉴赏家; 鉴别家; 内行; 行家: * a restaurant favoured by the cognoscenti 美食家爱光顾的饭馆.

cohabit
[kEu'hAbit; ko'hAbit] v [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb) (fml 文) (usu of an unmarried couple) live together （通常指未婚的双方）同居: * They were cohabiting for three years before their marriage. 他们同居了叁年才结婚. > cohabitation[7kEuhbi'teiFn; ko7hAbE'teFEn] n [U].

cohere
[kEu'hiE(r); ko'hir] v [I] 1 stick together in a mass or group 粘合; 凝聚. Cf 参看 cohesion 1. 2 (of ideas, reasoning, etc) be connected logically; be con-sistent （指看法、 推理等）逻辑上衔接, 前後一致, 连贯. 派生： coherent[7kEu'hiErEnt; ko'hirEnt] adj (of ideas, thoughts, speech, reasoning, etc) connected logically or consistent; easy to understand; clear （指看法、 思想、 言语、 推理等）有条理的, 前後一致的, 易懂的, 清楚的: * a coherent analysis, argument, description, etc 前後一致的分析、 论证、 描述等 * The Government lacks a coherent economic policy. 政府的经济政策缺乏一致性. * He's not very coherent on the telephone. 他打电话时语无伦次. coherence[-rEns; -rEns] (also coherency) n [U] being coherent 连贯性; 一致性. coherently adv: * express one's ideas coherently 条理清楚地表明意见. Cf 参看 incoherent.

cohesion
[kEu'hi:Vn; ko'hiVEn] n [U] 1 tendency to stick together; unity 结合; 结合力; 团结: * the cohesion of the family unit 家庭成员的团结 * a lack of cohesion 缺乏结合力. Cf 参看 cohere 1. 2 (physics 物) force that causes molecules to stick together 内聚力; 凝聚力. 派生： cohesive/kEu'hi:siv; ko'hisiv] adj (a) tending to stick together 黏合性的; 有结合力的: * a cohesive social unit 紧密团结的社团. (b) producing cohesion 产生结合力的; 产生内聚力的: * cohesive forces 内聚力. cohesively adv. cohesiveness n [U].

cohort
[5kEuhC:t; 5kohCrt] n [CGp] 1 (in the army of ancient Rome) each of the ten units forming a legion （古罗马军队的）步兵大队（军团的十分之一）. 2 number of people banded together 一群人; 一帮人.

COI
[7si: Eu 'ai; 7si o 'ai] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Central Office of Information 中央新闻署.

coif
[kCif; kCif] n (formerly) close-fitting cap covering the top, back and sides of the head （旧时）科伊夫帽（覆盖着头的顶部、 後部及两侧的紧帽）.

coiffeur
[kwa:'fE:(r); 7kwa'fE] (fem 阴性作 coiffeuse/kwB:`f\:z; kwB`f[z/) n (French 法) hairdresser 理发师.

coiffure
[kwa:'fjuE(r); kwa'fjur] n (French 法) way in which (esp a woman's) hair is arranged; hairstyle 发式（尤指女子的）; 发型.

coil
[kCil; kCil] v [Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ (oneself/sth) round sth/up wind or twist (oneself/sth) into a continuous circular or spiral shape 将（自己[某物]）卷或盘成圈或螺旋形: * The snake coiled (itself) round the branch. 蛇（把身体）盘绕在树枝上. * coil (up) a length of rope, flex, wire, etc 卷（起）一段绳子、 花线、 金属丝等. 派生： coil n 1 length of rope, etc wound into a series of loops 缠成许多圈的绳子等: a coil of flex 一盘花线. 2 single ring or loop of rope, etc （绳等的）环, 圈: the thick coils of a python 盘卷着的大蟒 * a coil of hair 发圈. 3 length of coated wire wound in a spiral to conduct an electric current 线圈. 4 = intra-uterine device (intra-uterine).

coin
[kCin; kCin] n 1 (a) [C] piece of metal used as money 硬币: * two gold coins 两枚金币 * a handful of coins 一把硬币. (b) [U] money made of metal 硬币: * 5 in coin 5英镑的硬币. 2 (idm 习语) the other side of the coin => side1. pay sb in his own/the same coin => pay2. 派生： coin v 1 [Tn] (a) make (coins) by stamping metal （冲压金属）制造（硬币）. (b) make (metal) into coins 将（金属）制成硬币. 2 [Tn] invent (a new word or phrase) 创造（新词语）: coin words for new products 为新产品创造新词. 3 (idm 习语) `coin it/money (infml 口) earn a lot of money easily or quickly 赚大钱; 发大财. to coin a `phrase (a) (used to introduce a new expression, or a well-known expression that one has changed slightly 采用一新词语或略改动一现成词语时, 可用此短语作引子). (b) (ironic 反语) (used to apologize for using a well-known expression rather than an original one 因无创意而使用一现成词语时, 用此短语自嘲). coinage[5kCinidV; 5kCinidV] n 1 [U] (a) making coins 造硬币. (b) coins made 所造的硬币. 2 [U] system of coins in use （现行的）硬币币制: * decimal coinage 十进位硬币币制. 3 (a) [U] inventing of a new word or phrase 创造新词语. (b) [C] newly invented word or phrase 新创的词语: * I haven't heard that expression before is it a recent coinage? 我以前从未听到过这个词语--是最近新造的吗?

coincide
[7kEuin'said; 7koin'said] v [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) 1 (of events) occur at the same time or occupy the same period of time as sth else （指事情）同时发生: * Her arrival coincided with our departure. 她来到时我们正好离开. * Our holidays don't coincide. 我们的假期不在同一时间. 2 (of two or more objects) occupy the same amount of space （指至少两个物体）占据同一空间. 3 be identical or very similar to sth else 与他事物相符或极相似: * Their stories coincided. 他们的叙述一致. * Her taste in music coincides with her husband's/Their tastes in music coincide. 她在音乐方面的爱好与她丈夫一致[他们在音乐方面的爱好一致].

coincidence
[kEu'insidEns; ko'insEdEns] n 1 [C, U] (instance of the) occurrence of similar events or circumstances at the same time by chance 巧合（的事）: * `I'm going to Paris next week.’ `What a coincidence! So am I.’ ‘我准备下周去巴黎. ’‘真巧! 我也去.’ * By a strange coincidence we happened to be travelling on the same train. 巧得出奇, 我们正好坐同一列火车. * The plot of the novel relies too much on coincidence to be realistic. 这部小说的情节多靠巧合安排而无真实感. 2 [U] coinciding of events, tastes, stories, etc （事情、 口味、 故事等）相合, 符合, 一致.

coincident
[kEu'insidEnt; ko'insEdEnt] adj (fml 文) happening at the same time by chance 巧合的. 派生： coincidental/kEu7insi'dentl; ko7insE'dentl] adj [usu pred 通常作表语] resulting from coincidence 由巧合造成: * The similarity between these two essays is too great to be coincidental, ie One must have been copied from the other. 这两篇文章雷同的地方很多, 并非巧合所致（一定是一篇抄袭另一篇）. coincidentally adv.

coir
[5kCiE(r); kCir] n [U] fibre from the outer husk of coconuts, used for making ropes, matting etc 椰子外壳纤维（用以编绳、 席等）.

coitus
[5kEuitEs; 5koitEs] (also coition/kEu'iFn; ko'iFEn] ) n [U] (medical or fml 医或文) sexual intercourse 性交. > coital[5kEuitl; 5koEtEl] adj.

coke
1[kEuk; kok] n [U] black substance remaining after coal gas and coal tar have been removed from coal, used as a fuel 焦炭; 焦煤: * [attrib 作定语] a coke furnace 炼焦炉. 派生： coke v [Tn] convert (coal) into coke 将（煤）制成焦炭.

col
[kCl; kal] n pass in a mountain range 山口.

cola
(also kola)[5kEulE; 5kolE] n 1 [C] W African tree 可乐果树（生长於西非洲）. 2 [U] carbonated non-alcoholic drink flavoured with the seeds of this tree 可乐饮料. 复合： `cola-nut (also kola-nut) n seed of the cola tree, used as a flavouring or chewed 可乐树的坚果（作调味或咀嚼用）.

colander
(also cullender)[5kQlEndE(r); 5kQlEndl] n metal or plastic bowl with many small holes in it, used to drain water from vegetables, etc, esp after cooking 滤盆; 滤锅; 漏勺.

cold
1[kEuld; kold] adj (-er, -est) 1 of low temperature, esp when compared to the temperature of the human body 冷的; 寒冷的: * feel cold 觉得冷 * have cold hands, feet, ears, etc 冰凉的手、 脚、 耳等 * a cold bath, climate, day, house, room, wind, winter 冷水浴、 寒冷的气候、 冷天、 寒冷的房屋、 冰凉的房间、 冷风、 寒冷的冬天 * cold weather, water 寒冷的天气、 冷水 * It/The weather is getting colder. 天[天气]渐冷了. Cf 参看 hot, warm1. 2 (of food or drink) not heated; having cooled after being heated or cooked （指食物或饮料）未加热的; 已 冷却的: * Would you like tea or a cold drink? 你喜欢要茶还是要冷饮? * have cold meat and salad for supper 晚饭吃凉肉和色拉 * Don't let your dinner get cold, ie Eat it while it is still warm. 不要让饭凉了（趁热吃）. 3 (a) (of a person, his manner, etc) without friendliness, kindness or enthusiasm; without emotion （指人、 态度等）不友好的; 不和气的; 不热情的; 冷淡的: * a cold look, stare, welcome, reception, etc 冷淡的表情、 目光、 迎接、 接待等 * cold fury, ie violent anger kept under control 强忍住的怒火. (b) sexually unresponsive; frigid 无性欲反应的; 性冷感的. 4 suggesting coldness; creating an impression of coldness 显示出寒冷的; 产生冷的印象的: * a cold grey colour 冷灰色 * cold skies 令人有寒冷感觉的天空. 5 (in children's games) not close to finding a hidden object, the correct answer, etc （儿童游戏中）远离隐藏物的, 远未猜中的. 6 [pred 作表语] (infml 口) unconscious (used esp in the expression shown) 无知觉（尤用於下列示例）: * knock sb (out) cold 击昏某人. 7 [pred 作表语] dead 死. 8 (idm 习语) blow hot and cold => blow1. ,cold `comfort thing that offers little or no consolation 不起（什麽）安慰作用的事物: * After losing my job it was cold comfort to be told I'd won the office raffle. 我失去工作以後, 听说我抽中了公司的奖券, 有同画饼. a ,cold `fish

cold1
(derog 贬) person who shows no emotion or is very aloof 无热情的人; 冷漠的人. ,cold `turkey (sl 俚 esp US) (a) way of treating a drug addict by suddenly stopping all his doses of the drug instead of gradually reducing them 使有毒瘾者突然停用毒品而不是逐渐减少剂量的处理方法. (b) frank statement of the truth, often about sth unpleasant 直言不讳; 照实说: * talk cold turkey to/with sb 对[与]某人直言不讳. get/have cold `feet (infml 口) become/be afraid or reluctant to do sth (esp sth risky or dangerous) 临阵退缩或胆怯: * He got cold feet at the last minute. 他事到临头却退缩了. give sb/get the cold `shoulder treat sb/be treated in a deliberately unfriendly way 故意冷落某人. in cold `blood without feeling pity or remorse; deliberately and callously 残忍地; 蓄意地; 冷酷地: * kill, murder, shoot, etc sb in cold blood 残忍地将某人杀死、 谋杀、 射杀等. leave sb cold => leave1. make sb's blood run cold => blood1. pour/throw cold `water on sth be discouraging or unenthusiastic about sth 对某事物泼冷水（泄气或不热心）: * pour cold water on sb's plans, ideas, hopes, etc 对某人的计划、 主意、 希望泼冷水. 派生： coldly adv in an unfriendly or unenthusiastic way 不友好地; 冷淡地: stare coldly at sb 冷冷地盯着某人. coldness n [U] state of being cold 寒冷; 冷淡: his coldness (ie unfriendly manner) towards her 他对她的冷淡态度. 复合： ,cold-`blooded[-'blQdid; -'blQdid] adj 1 (biology 生) having a blood temperature which varies with the temperature of the surroundings 冷血的（血液温度随环境温度的高低而改变的）: * Reptiles are cold-blooded. 爬行动物是冷血的. 2 (derog 贬) (of people or actions) without pity; cruel （指人或行动）无情的, 残酷的: * a cold-blooded murderer, murder 残忍的谋杀者、 谋杀. `cold chisel chisel used to cut cold metal 冷凿, 冷錾（凿冷金属的凿子或錾子）.

cold2
`cold cream ointment for cleansing and softening the skin 冷霜; 润肤膏. `cold cuts (esp US) cooked meat, sliced and served cold （冷吃的）肉片. `cold frame small glass-covered frame used to protect young plants 冷床, 阳畦（用以保护幼小植物的小玻璃罩）. ,cold-`hearted[-'ha:tid; -'hartid] adj without sympathy or kindness; unkind 无同情心的; 无仁慈心的; 无情的. ,cold-`shoulder v [Tn] be deliberately unfriendly to (sb); snub 冷淡, 慢待（某人）; 冷落. `cold snap sudden short period of cold weather （突然的短时间的）冷天气; 骤冷; 乍冷. ,cold `storage storing of things in a refrigerated place to preserve them 冷藏: (fig 比喻) put a plan, an idea, etc into cold storage, ie decide not to use it immediately but to reserve it for later 将计划、 主意等搁置起来（决定暂时不用而保留备用）. ,cold `sweat state in which sb sweats and feels cold at the same time, caused by fear or illness 冷汗: be in a cold sweat (about sth) （为某事物）出一身冷汗. ,cold `war state of hostility between nations involving the use of propaganda, threats and economic pressure but no actual fighting 冷战: [attrib 作定语] cold-war attitudes, diplomacy, rhetoric 冷战的态度、 外交、 辞令.

coleslaw
[5kEulslC:; 5kol7slC] n [U] finely shredded raw cabbage mixed with dressing(3) and eaten as a salad 凉拌洋白菜丝.

colic
[5kClik; 5kalik] n [U] severe pain in the abdomen, suffered esp by babies 绞痛（尤指婴儿患的）. 派生： colicky adj of, like or suffering from colic （似）绞痛的; 患绞痛的.

colitis
[kE'laitis; kE'laitis] n [U] (medical 医) inflammationof the lining of the colon1 结肠炎.

collaborate
[kE'lAbEreit; kE'lAbE7ret] v [I, Ipr] 1 ~ (with sb) (on sth) work together (with sb), esp to create or produce sth （与某人）合作; 协作（尤指创造或生产某事物）: * She collaborated with her sister/She and her sister collaborated on a biography of their father. 她和姐姐合作写父亲的传记. 2 ~ (with sb) (derog 贬) help enemy forces occupying one's country 通敌; 勾结敌人: * He was suspected of collaborating (with the enemy). 怀疑他（与敌人）勾结. 派生： collaboration/kE7lAbE'reiFn; kE7lAbE'reFEn] n [U] 1 ~ (with sb) (on sth); ~ (between A and B) collaborating (collaborate 1) 合作; 协作: * She wrote the book in collaboration with her sister, ie They wrote it together. 她和姐姐合作写成此书. 2 ~ (with sb) helping enemy forces occupying one's country 通敌. collaborator/kE'lAbEreitE(r); kE'lAbE7retl] person who collaborates 合作者; 协作者; 通敌者.

collage
[5kCla:V; - kE'la:V; kE'laV] n [C, U] (picture made by) fixing pieces of paper, cloth, photographs, etc to a surface （用纸片、 布片、 照片等碎片）拼贴; 拼贴画.

collapse
[kE'lAps; kE'lAps] v 1 [I] (break into pieces and) fall down or in suddenly （破碎并）突然倒塌, 坍塌, 塌陷: * The whole building collapsed. 整个建 倒塌了. * The roof collapsed under the weight of snow. 雪把房顶压塌了. * The wind caused the tent to collapse. 风把帐篷吹塌了. 2 [I, Ipr] (of a person) fall down (and usu become unconscious) because of illness, tiredness, etc （指人）晕倒（因病、 累等）: * He collapsed in the street and died on the way to hospital. 他在大街上晕倒, 在送往医院途中死去. * collapse in a heap on the floor 晕倒在地板上. 3 [I] (a) fail suddenly or completely; break down 突然或完全垮下; 失败; 衰退: * His health collapsed under the pressure of work. 他的身体被工作压垮了. * The enterprise collapsed through lack of support. 该企业因无力支持而倒闭. * Talks between management and unions have collapsed. 资方和工会的谈判失败了. (b) be defeated or destroyed 被击败; 被摧毁: * All opposition to the scheme has collapsed. 对这一计划的反对意见都已驳倒. 4 [I] (of prices, currencies, etc) suddenly decrease in value （指价格、 货币等）突然降价; 暴跌: * Share prices collapsed after news of poor trading figures. 交投数额不佳使股票价格暴跌. 5 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) fold into a compact shape （使某物）摺叠或套缩: * a chair that collapses for easy storage 为便於存放而摺叠起来的椅子. 6 [I, Tn] (cause a lung or blood vessel to) become a flattened mass （指肺或血管）（使）萎陷: * a collapsed lung 萎陷的肺. 派生： collapse n [sing] 1 sudden fall; collapsing 突然倒 下; 倒塌; 坍塌: the collapse of the building, roof, bridge, etc 建 物、 房顶、 桥梁等的倒塌. 2 failure; breakdown 垮下; 失败; 崩溃: the collapse of negotiations, sb's health, law and order 谈判破裂、 身体垮掉、 法治败坏 * The economy is in a state of (total) collapse. 经济处於（完全）崩溃状态.

collapse1
3 sudden decrease in value 暴跌: the collapse of share prices, the dollar, the market 股票价格、 美元、 市场价格暴跌. collapsible adj that can be folded into a compact shape 可摺叠成紧凑形状的; 可套缩的: a collapsible bicycle, boat, chair 可摺叠的自行车、 小艇、 椅子.

collar
[5kClE(r); 5kall] n 1 band, upright or folded over, round the neck of a shirt, coat, dress, etc 衣领: * turn one's collar up against the wind, ie to keep one's neck warm 竖起领子挡风 * grab sb by the collar 抓住某人的领子 * [attrib 作定语] What is your collar size? 你的衣领尺寸是多少? * a stiff collar, ie a starched detachable one, worn with a shirt 硬领（浆过的可卸下的领子）. =>illus at jacket 见jacket之插图. 2 band of leather, metal, etc put round an animal's (esp a dog's) neck 戴在动物（尤指狗）颈部的项圈: * Our dog has its name on its collar. 我们的狗的项圈上有它的名字. 3 metal band or ring joining two pipes, rods or shafts, esp in a machine （连接两条管、 或轴的）圈; 箍（尤指机器中的）. 4 (idm 习语) hot under the collar => hot. 派生： collar v [Tn] (a) seize (sb) by the collar; capture 揪住（某人）的领子; 捉住; 拉住: The policeman collared the thief. 警察把小偷捉住了. * (infml 口) She collared me (ie stopped me in order to talk to me) as I was leaving the building. 我正要离开大楼时, 她把我拉住了（和我谈话）. (b) (dated infml 旧, 口) take (sth) without permission 未经允许拿走（某物）; 窃取; 偷走: Who's collared my pen? 谁拿走我的钢笔了? 复合： `collar-bone n bone joining the breastbone and the shoulder-blade 锁骨. =>illus at skeleton 见skeleton之插图. `collar-stud n small piece of metal or plastic for fastening a detachable collar to a shirt （可将活领子扣在衬衫上的）领扣.

collate
[kE'leit; kE'let] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ A and B/~ A with B examine and compare (two books, manuscripts, etc) in order to find the differences between them 核对, 校对（书、 底稿等）: * collate a new edition with an earlier one 将新版本与旧版本进行核对. 2 [Tn] collect together and arrange (information, pages of a book, etc) in the correct order 检点并整理（书页等）. 派生： collation/kE'leiFn; kE'leFEn] n [U] action of collating 核对; 整理.

collateral
[kE'lAtErEl; kE'lAtErEl] adj 1 side by side; parallel 并排的; 平行的; 并行的. 2 connected but less important; additional 有关的（但为次要的）; 附属的; 附带的; 附加的: * collateral evidence 旁证 * a collateral aim 附带的目的. 3 descended from the same ancestor, but by a different line 同一祖先而不同支的; 旁系的: * a collateral branch of the family 这家族的旁支. 派生： collateral n [U] (also col,lateral se`curity) property pledged as a guarantee for the repayment of a loan 抵押物; 担保品: The bank will insist on collateral for a loan of that size. 银行对这样的大笔贷款一定要有抵押物.

collation
[kE'leiFn; kE'leFEn] n (fml 文) light meal, esp at an unusual time 小吃: * a cold collation 冷餐.

colleague
[5kCli:g; 5kalig] n person with whom one works, esp in a profession or business 同事; 同僚: * the Prime Minister's Cabinet colleagues 首相的内阁同僚 * David is a colleague of mine/David and I are colleagues. 戴维是我的同事[戴维和我是同事].

collect
1[kE'lekt; kE'lekt] v 1 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up/together) bring or gather sth together 收集; 搜集; 凑集: * collect (up) the empty glasses, dirty plates, waste paper 收集空瓶、 脏碟、 废纸 * collect together one's belongings 收拾起自己的东西 * the collected works of Dickens, ie a series of books containing everything he wrote 狄更斯全集. 2 [I] come together; assemble or accumulate; gather 聚集; 召集; 积累; 集合; 齐集: * A crowd soon collected at the scene of the accident. 群众迅速聚集在出事现场. * Dust had collected on the window-sill. 窗台上积了灰尘. 3 [I, Tn] obtain (money, contributions, etc) from a number of people or places 募捐; 募集; 徵集: * He's collecting (money) for famine relief. 他正在为赈济饥民募捐. * The Inland Revenue is responsible for collecting income tax. 税务局负责徵收所得税. 4 [Tn] obtain specimens of (sth) as a hobby or for study 集（某物）的样品（作为爱好或为了研究）; 采集标本: * collect stamps, old coins, matchboxes, first editions 集邮票、 硬币、 火柴盒、 初版物. 5 [Tn, Tn.pr] call for and take away (sb/sth); fetch 领走, 带走（某人）; 拿走, 取走, 收走（某物）: * The dustmen collect the rubbish once a week. 垃圾工每周运走一次垃圾. * collect a child from school 从学校接回孩子 * collect a suit from the cleaners 从洗衣店取回衣服. 6 [Tn] regain or recover control of (oneself, one's thoughts, etc) 使（自己）镇定; 使（思想）集中: * collect oneself after a shock 受惊之後镇定下来 * collect one's thoughts before an interview 面试之前先定定神儿. 7 (idm 习语) collect/gather one's wits => wit. 派生： collect adj, adv (US) (of a telephone call) to be paid for by the receiver （指打电话）由受话人付钱（的）: a collect call 受话人付款的电话 * call sb collect, ie transfer the charge 给某人打电话由受话人付款.

collect1
collected adj [pred 作表语] in control of oneself; calm (used esp in the expression shown) 镇定, 镇静, 冷静, 泰然自若（尤用於以下示例）: She always stays cool, calm and collected in a crisis. 她在危难时总是很冷静、 镇定如常、 泰然自若. collectedly adv.

collection
[kE'lekFn; kE'lekFEn] n 1 [C, U] (act of) collecting (collect1 5) sth 拿走、 取走或收走某物: * There are two collections a day from this letter-box, ie The postman empties it twice a day. 这个信筒每天收信两次（邮递员每天取走两次）. * The council is responsible for refuse collection. 市政局负责清除垃圾废物. 2 [C] group of objects that have been collected (collect1 4) systematically 一系列 集物; 收藏品: * a fine collection of paintings, eg in an art gallery 精美的绘画收藏品（如在美术馆中） * a stamp, coin, record, etc collection 邮票、 硬币、 唱片等的收藏品 * a collection of poems, ie a group of poems published in one volume 诗集. 3 [C] range of new clothes, etc offered for sale by a designer or manufacturer 时装展销: * You are invited to view our autumn collection. 秋装展销, 敬请光临. 4 [C] (a) collecting (collect1 3) of money during a church service or a meeting （在教堂礼拜或聚会期间的）募捐: * The collection will be taken (up)[made after the sermon. 教堂讲道之後将进行募捐. * a collection for famine relief 赈济饥民的募捐. (b) sum of money collected in this way 募捐的钱: * a large collection 大批捐款. 5 [C] heap or pile of objects; group of people 成堆物品; 人群: * a collection of junk, rubbish, etc 一堆废旧物品、 垃圾等 * an odd collection of people 一群稀奇古怪的人.

collective
[kE'lektiv; kE'lektiv] adj of, by or relating to a group or society as a whole; joint; shared 集体的; 整个社会的; 共同的; 共有的: * collective action, effort, guilt, responsibility, wisdom 集体的行动、 努力、 罪责、 责任、 智慧 * collective leadership, ie government by a grouprather than an individual 集体领导. Cf 参看 individual 2. 派生： collective n 1 (a) [C] organization or enterprise (esp a farm) owned and controlled by the people who work in it 集体组织; 集体企业; （尤指）集体农场: a workers' collective 工人的集体组织. (b) [CGp] these people as a group 集体. 2 [C] = collective noun. collectively adv. collectivism[-izEm; -izEm] n [U] theory advocating the ownership and control of land and the means of production by the whole community or by the State, for the benefit of everyone 集体主义. collectivist n, adj. collectivize, -ise/kE'lektivaiz; kE'lekti7vaiz] v [Tn] change (farms, industries, land, etc) from private ownership to ownership by the State 使（农场、 工业、 土地等）集体化, 国有化. collectivization, -isation/ kE9lektIvaI5zeIFn; US -vI5z-; kE9lZktEvE`zeFEn/ n [U]. 复合： col,lective `bargaining negotiation (about pay, working conditions, etc) between a trade union and an employer 劳资双方（关於工资、 工作条件等）的集体谈判. col,lective `farm (esp in Communist countries) farm or group of farms owned by the State and run by the workers （尤指共产主义国家的）集体农场或农庄. col,lective `noun (grammar) noun that is singular in form but can refer to a number of people or things and agree with a plural verb 集合名词（形式上为单数而意为复数的名词, 要求与复数动词一致）: `Flock' and `committee' are collective nouns. flock和committee都是集合名词. col,lective `ownership ownership of land, the means of production, etc by all the members of a community for the benefit of everyone 集体所有制.

collector
[kE'lektE(r); kE'lektl] n (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) person who collects (collect1 4) things 收集人; 收藏家: * a `stamp-collector * a `tax-collector * a `ticket-collector, eg at a railway station. 复合： col`lector's item (also col`lector's piece) thing worth putting in a collection because of its beauty, rarity, etc 值得收集的物品.

colleen
[5kCli:n; 5kalin] n (Irish 爱尔兰) young woman; girl 少女; 姑娘; 女孩儿.

college
[5kClidV; 5kalidV] n 1 [C, U] institution for higher education or professional training 学院; 职业学校: * a college of further education, ie providing educationaland vocational courses for adults 进修学院 * the Royal College of Art 皇家艺术学院 * a secretarial college 秘书学校 * Our daughter is going to college (ie starting a course of study at a university or a college) in the autumn. 我们的女儿秋天就要上大学了. * She's at (ie studying at) college. 她在大学读书. =>Usage at school1 用法见school1. 2 (a) [C] (in Britain) any of a number of independent institutions within certain universities, each having its own teachers, students and buildings （英国）某些大学内独立的学院: * the Oxford and Cambridge colleges 牛津和剑桥的学院 * New College, Oxford 牛津新学院. (b) (in the US) university, or part of one, offering undergraduate courses （美国）大学; （大学中的）学院. 3 [C, U] building or buildings of a college(2) 学院的建 物: * Are you living in college? 你住在学院里吗? * [attrib 作定语] a college chapel 学院附属教堂. 4 [CGp] staff and/or students of a college(1) 学院的职员或学生或全体师生员工. 5 [C] (Brit) (in names) school （用作名称）学校: * Eton College 伊顿学院. 6 [C] organized group of professional people with particular aims, duties or privileges 有某种目的、 责任或特权的专业人员的组织; 学会; 社团: * the Royal College of Surgeons 皇家外科医生学会 * the College of Cardinals, ie the whole group of them, esp as advisers and electors of the Pope （天主教）枢机主教团; （尤指）红衣主教团.

collegiate
[kE'li:dViEt; kE'lidViEt] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] 1 of or relating to a college or its students 学院的; 学院学生的. 2 consisting of or having colleges 由学院组成的; 有学院的: * Oxford is a collegiate university. 牛津是由学院组成的大学.

collide
[kE'laid; kE'laid] v [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb/sth) 1 (of moving objects or people) strike violently against sth or each other （指运动中的物体或人）猛撞某物或互撞: * As the bus turned the corner, it collided with a van. 公共汽车转过拐角时与客货车相撞. * The bus and the van collided. 公共汽车与客货车相撞. * The ships collided in the fog. 轮船在雾中相撞. 2 (of people, aims, opinions, etc) be in disagreement or opposition; conflict （指人、 目的、 意见等）不一致或相反; 冲突: * The interests of the two countries collide. 两国的利益发生冲突.

collie
[5kCli; 5kali] n sheep-dog with shaggy hair and a long pointed muzzle 柯利牧羊狗（毛粗, 嘴长而尖）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page iii.

collier
[5kCliE(r); 5kaljl] n (esp Brit) 1 coal-miner 煤矿工人. 2 ship that carries coal as its cargo 运煤船.

colliery
[5kCliEri; 5kaljEri] n (esp Brit) coal-mine with its buildings 煤矿及其建 物.

collision
[kE'liVn; kE'liVEn] n [C, U] ~ (with sb/sth); ~ (between A and B) 1 (instance of) one object or person striking against another; (instance of) colliding; crash （物与物或人与人）相撞, 碰撞, 撞坏: * a (head-on) collision between two cars 两车（迎头）相撞 * The liner was in collision (ie collided) with an oil-tanker. 客轮与油轮相撞. * The two ships were in/came into collision. 两艘轮船相撞. 2 strong disagreement; conflict or clash of opposing aims, ideas, opinions, etc 抵触; （相反的目的、 看法、 意见等的）冲突: * Her political activities brought her into collision with the law. 她的政治活动触犯了法律. 复合： col`lision course course or action that is certain to lead to a collision with sb/sth 必然与某人[某事物]相冲突的进程或行动: The Government and the unions are on a collision course. 政府和工会必将发生冲突.

collocate
[5kClEkeit; 5kalE7ket] v [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) (linguistics 语言) (of words) be regularly used together in a language; combine （指词语）经常一起使用; 搭配; 配合: * `Weak' collocates with `tea' but `feeble' does not. weak可与tea搭配, 而feeble则不可. * `Weak' and `tea' collocate. weak可与tea相搭配. 派生： collocation[7kClE'keiFn; 7kalE'keFEn] n 1 [U] collocating （词语的）搭配, 相配. 2 [C] regular combination of words 经常搭配着用的词语: * `Strong tea' and `by accident' are English collocations. strong tea与by accident是英语经常搭配的词组.

colloquial
[kE'lEukwiEl; kE'lokwiEl] adj (of words, phrases, etc) belonging to or suitable for normal conversation but not formal speech or writing （指词语等）口语的, 口头的. Cf 参看 informal, slang. 派生： colloquialism n colloquial word or phrase 口语的词语: The phrase `on the blink' in the sentence `The radio's on the blink' (ie not working properly) is a colloquialism. 在 The radio's on the blink（收音机坏了）一句中的 on the blink（坏了）这一词组是口语用语. colloquially[-kwiEli; -kwiEli] adv.

colloquy
[5kClEkwi; 5kalEkwi] n [C, U] (fml 文) conversation 交谈; 会谈.

collude
[kE'lu:d; kE'lud] v [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb) plot or conspire to deceive or cheat others 阴谋或密谋欺骗他人.

collusion
[kE'lu:Vn; kE'luVEn] n [U] ~ (with sb); ~ (between sb and sb) (fml 文) secret agreement or co-operation between two or more people with the aim of deceiving or cheating others 勾结; 串通共谋: * There was collusion between the two witnesses, eg They gave the same false evidence to protect the defendant. 两个证人串通一气（如两人作同样伪证包庇被告）. * She acted in collusion with the other witness. 她与另一证人串通一气. > collusive/kE'lu:siv; kE'lusiv] adj.

collywobbles
[5kCliwCblz; 5kali7wablz] n [pl] (infml 口) 1 pain or rumbling in the stomach 肚子痛或咕噜咕噜响. 2 feeling of fear or nervousness 害怕; 紧张不安: * have an attack of (the) collywobbles 有害怕的感觉.

cologne
[kE'lEun; kE'lon] n [U] = eau-de-Cologne.

colon
1[5kEulEn; 5kolEn] n lower part of the large intestine 结肠. =>illus at digestive 见digestive之插图.

colonel
[5kE:nl; 5kEnl] n (a) army officer between the ranks of lieutenant-colonel and brigadier, commanding a regiment （陆军）上校. (b) officer of similar rank in the US air force （美国空军）上校. =>App 9 见附录9.

colonial
[kE'lEuniEl; kE'loniEl] adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] 1 of, relating to or possessing a colony(1a) or colonies 殖民地的; 占有殖民地的: * France was once a colonial power. 法国一度是占有殖民地的强国. * Kenya was under (British) colonial rule for many years. 肯尼亚曾多年受（英国）殖民统治. 2 (esp US) in a style of architecture typical of a colony, esp that used in the British colonies in N America in the 17th and 18th centuries 典型的殖民地建 风格的（尤指於17和18世纪在北美的英国殖民地所采用的）: * colonial residences in New England 在新英格兰的有殖民地建 风格的住宅 * a colonial-style ranch 殖民地建 式的大牧场. 派生： colonial n person living in a colony who is not a member of the native population 住在殖民地而非土着的人. colonialism n [U] policy of acquiring colonies and keeping them dependent 殖民主义; 殖民政策. colo-nialist n supporter of colonialism 殖民主义者.

colonist
[5kClEnist; 5kalEnist] n person who settles in an area and colonizes it 移居并开拓殖民地的人; 殖民者.

colonize, colonise
[5kClEnaiz; 5kalE7naiz] v [Tn] establish a colony in (an area); establish (an area) as a colony 在（一地区）建立殖民地; 把（某地区）开拓为殖民地: * Britain colonized many parts of Africa. 英国在非洲开拓了许多殖民地. * Britain was colonized by the Romans. 不列颠曾沦为罗马人的殖民地. 派生： colonization, -isation[7kClEnai'zeiFn; - -ni'z-;7kalEnE'zeFEn] n [U] colonizing or being colonized 殖民地化; 被殖民地化: * the colonization of N America by the British and French. 英国和法国对北美洲的殖民地化.

colonnade
[7kClE'neid; 7kalE'ned] n row of columns, usu with equal spaces between them and often supporting a roof, etc 列柱; 柱廊. 派生： colonnaded[7kClE'neidid; 7kalE'nedid] adj having a colonnade 有柱廊的.

colony
[5kClEni; 5kalEni] n 1 (a) [C] country or area settled or conquered by people from another country and controlled by that country 殖民地: * a former British colony, eg Australia 前英国殖民地（如澳大利亚）. Cf 参看 protectorate 1. (b) [CGp] group of people who settle in a colony 移居到殖民地的人群. 2 [CGp] (a) group of people from a foreign country living in a particular city or country 移民群体; 侨民群体: * the American colony in Paris 巴黎的美国人区. (b) group of people with the same occupation, interest, etc living together in the same place 住在同一地方有相同职业、 兴趣等的人群: * an artists' colony 聚居的艺术家 * a nudist colony 裸体者群. 3 [CGp] (biology 生) group of animals or plants living or growing in the same place （生活或生长在同一地方的动物或植物的）群, 集群, 群体: * a colony of ants 蚁群 * a seal colony 海豹群.

color
(US) = colour.

coloratura
[7kClErE'tuErE; 7kalErE'turE] n 1 [U] elaborateor ornamental passages in vocal music （声乐中的）花腔. 2 [C] (also coloratura soprano) female singer who specializes in singing such passages 花腔女高音歌手.

colossal
[kE'lCsl; kE'lasl] adj very large; immense; huge 巨大的; 广大的; 庞大的: * a colossal building, man, price, amount 巨大的建 物、 巨人、 高价、 庞大数量.

colossus
[kE'lCsEs; kE'lasEs] n (pl -lossi[-'lCsai;-'lasai] or ~es[-'lCsEsiz; -'lasEsiz] ) 1 statue much larger than life size （远超於实体的）塑像; 巨像. 2 person or thing of very great size, importance, ability, etc 非常巨大、 重要、 有能量等的人或事物: * Mozart is a colossus among composers. 莫札特是作曲家中的巨匠.

colour
1 (US color)[5kQlE(r); 5kQll] n 1 (a) [U] visible quality that objects have, produced by rays of light of different wavelengths being reflected by them 颜色: * The garden was a mass of colour. 花园中五彩缤纷. * You need more colour in this room. 你这房间的色调需要丰富些. (b) [C] particular type of this （某种）颜色: * Red, orange, green and purple are all colours. 红、 橙、 绿、 紫都是颜色. * `What colour is the sky?’ `It's blue.’ ‘天空是什麽颜色的?’‘是蓝的. ’ * a sky the colour of lead, ie a grey sky 像铅一样颜色的天空（灰色天空）. 2 (a) [C, U] substance (eg paint or dye) used to give colour to sth 颜料（如油漆、 染料）: * paint in `water-colour(s) 水彩画 * use plenty of bright colour in a painting 画中使用了大量鲜艳的颜色. (b) [U] use of all colours, not only black and white 彩色: * Is the film in colour or black and white? 这胶卷是彩色的还是黑白的? * [attrib 作定语] colour photography, television, printing 彩色摄影术、 电视、 印刷. 3 [U] redness of the face, usu regarded as a sign of good health (used esp as in the expressions shown) 脸色, 气色（尤用於以下示例）: * He has very little colour, ie is very pale. 他脸色不好（苍白）. * change colour, ie become paler or redder than usual 变脸色（变得较平常苍白或红润） * lose colour, ie become paler 失去红润 * She has a high colour, ie a very red complexion. 她气色很好. * The fresh air brought colour to her cheeks. 因空气新鲜, 她双颊红润. 4 [U] colour of the skin as a racial characteristic 肤色（作为种族特徵）: * be discriminated against on account of one's colour/on grounds of colour 因为肤色[由於肤色]的关系受到歧视 * [attrib 作定语] colour prejudice 不同肤色的种族偏见. 5 colours [pl] coloured badge, ribbon, clothes, etc worn to show one is a member of a particular team, school, political party, etc or worn by a racehorse to show who owns it colour1 /// 6 colours [pl] (Brit) award given to a regular or outstanding member of a sports team, esp in a school 颁给体育运动队, 尤指校队正式成员或杰出成员的奖: * get/win one's (football) colours 得到[赢得]（足球）奖. 7 colours [pl] flag(s) of a ship or regiment 船旗; 团旗; 军旗: * salute the colours 向军旗敬礼. 8 [U] (a) interesting detail or qualities; vividness 有趣的细节; 令人感兴趣的特性; 生动: * Her description of the area is full of colour. 她对这地区的描述绘声绘色. (b) distinctive quality of sound in music; tone 音色; 音质; 音品; 格调: * orchestral colour 管弦乐的音色 * His playing lacks colour. 他的演奏没有什麽格调. 9 (idm 习语) give/lend `colour to sth make sth seem true or probable 使某事物显得真实或可信: * The scars on his body lent colour to his claim that he had been tortured. 他说他受过折磨拷打, 从他身上的伤疤看来倒也可信. lose colour => lose. nail one's colours to the mast => nail v. off colour (infml 口) unwell; ill 不舒服; 有病: * feel, look, seem a bit off colour 感觉、 看起来、 似乎有点不舒服. see the colour of sb's `money make sure that sb has enough money to pay for sth 弄清某人的钱是否足以偿付某事物: * Don't let him have the car until you've seen the colour of his money. 先弄清他确实有钱再把汽车给他. trooping the colour => troop. one's true colours => true. under false colours => false. with flying colours => flying. 派生： colourful (US colorful)[-fl; -fEl] adj 1 full of colour; bright 鲜艳的; 鲜明的: * a colourful dress, scene 艳丽的连衣裙、 景色 * colourful material 颜色鲜明的材料. 2 interesting or exciting; vivid 有趣的; 激动人心的; 生动活泼的: * a colourful character, life, story, period of history 活泼的性格、 活跃的生活、 生动的故事、 丰富多彩的历史时期. colourless (US colorless) adj 1 without colour; pale 无色的; 苍白的: a colourless liquid, eg water 无色的液体（如水）

colour2
* colourless cheeks 苍白的面颊. 2 dull and uninteresting 呆板而无趣的: a colourless character, existence, style 呆板而无趣的性格、 生活、 格调. 复合： `colour-bar n (US `color line) legal or social discrimination between people of different races, esp between whites and non-whites 肤色障碍（法律上的或社会上的种族歧视, 尤指白种人与非白种人之间的）. `colour-blind adj unable to see the difference between certain colours, esp red and green 色盲的. `colour-blindness n [U]. `colour code system of marking things (eg electrical wires, parts of a filing system, etc) with different colours to help people to distinguish between them 色标, 色码（用不同颜色对物件, 如电线、 档案分目等作的标记）. `colour-coded adj marked in this way 用颜色标记的. `colour-fast adj (of a fabric) having a colour that will not change or fade when it is washed （指纤维织物）不褪色的. `colour scheme arrangement of colours, esp in the decoration and furnishing of a room 色彩调配（尤指室内装修）: I don't like the colour scheme in their sitting-room. 我不喜欢他们起居室的色调.

colt
[kEult; kolt] n 1 young male horse up to the age of 4 or 5 （四五岁或以下的）小雄马. Cf 参看 filly, gelding (geld), stallion. 2 young inexperienced person, esp a member of a junior sports team 没有经验的年轻人（尤指青年运动队队员）: * He plays for the colts, eg the junior team of a football club. 他是青年队队员（如足球俱乐部的青年队）. 派生： coltish[5kEultiF; 5koltiF] adj like a colt; frisky 像小马的; 活泼的.

colter
(US) = coulter.

columbine
[5kClEmbain; 5kalEm7bain] n garden plant with flowers that have thin pointed petals 耧斗菜（园艺植物, 花瓣细而尖）.

column
[5kClEm; 5kalEm] n 1 tall pillar, usu round and made of stone, either supporting part of the roof of a building or standing alone as a monument 高柱; （通常为）石制圆柱, 支柱, 纪念柱: * The temple is supported by massive columns. 此庙由粗大的柱子支撑. * Nelson's Column is a famous monument in London. 纳尔逊纪念碑是伦敦着名的纪念碑. =>illus 见插图. 2 thing shaped like a column 圆柱形物: * a column of smoke, ie smoke rising straight up 烟柱（直上的烟） * the ,spinal `column, ie the backbone 脊柱（脊骨） * a column of mercury, ie in a thermometer 水银柱（温度计中）. 3 (abbr 缩写 col) one of two or more vertical sections of printed material on a page （印刷品每页上的）列, 栏: * Each page of this dictionary has two columns of text. 本词典每页上有两列正文. 4 part of a newspaper regularly dealing with a particular subject or written by the same journalist （报纸的）专栏: * the `fashion, `motoring, fi`nancial, etc column 时装、 汽车、 财经等专栏 * the correspondence columns of `The Times' 《泰晤士报》上的通讯栏 * I always read her column in the local paper. 我经常在当地报纸上看她的专栏文章. 5 (a) long line of vehicles, ships, etc following one behind the other 长列（排成长行的车辆、 船只等）. (b) large group of soldiers, tanks, etc moving forward in short rows 纵队（短排前进的大队士兵、 坦克车等）. 6 series of numbers arranged one under the other 纵行数字: * add up a long column of figures 把一串纵行数字相加. 派生： columnist[5kClEmnist; 5kalEmnist] n journalist who regularly writes an article commenting on politics, current events, etc for a newspaper or magazine 专栏作家: * a political columnist 政论专栏作家.

coma
[5kEumE; 5komE] n state of deep unconsciousness, usu lasting a long time and caused by severe injury or illness 昏迷（状态）: * go into a coma 进入昏迷状态 * He was in a coma for several weeks. 他昏迷了几个星期. 派生： comatose[5kEumEtEus; 5komE7tos] adj 1 in a coma; deeply unconscious 昏迷的; 不省人事的. 2 sleepy; drowsy; sluggish 想睡的; 困乏的; 怠惰的; 没精打彩的: * feeling comatose after a large meal 大吃一顿後感到困倦.

comb
[kEum; kom] n 1 [C] (a) piece of metal, plastic or bone with teeth, used for tidying and arranging the hair 梳子; 篦子. (b) small piece of plastic or bone with teeth, worn by women to hold the hair in place or as an ornament 发插（用以使头发固定或作头饰）. 2 [C usu sing 通常作单数] act of combing the hair 梳理（毛发）; 梳（头）: * Your hair needs a (good) comb. 你的头发需要（好好）梳一梳. 3 [C] thing shaped or used like a comb, esp a device for tidying and straightening wool, cotton, etc to prepare it for manufacture 梳状物; 精梳机. 4 [C, U] = honeycomb. 5 [C] red fleshy growth on the head of a domestic fowl, esp a cock （家禽的）冠; （尤指）公鸡冠. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page v. 6 (idm 习语) with a fine-tooth comb => fine2. 派生： comb v 1 [Tn] pass a comb through (the hair) in order to tidy or arrange it 梳理（毛发）; 梳（头）: Don't forget to comb your hair before you go out! 不要忘记临出门梳梳头! 2 [Tn] prepare (wool, cotton, etc) for manufacture by tidying and straightening it with a comb(3) （用精梳机）精梳（毛、 棉等）. 3 [Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (through) sth (for sb/sth) search sth thoroughly 彻底搜寻某物: He combed through the files searching for evidence of fraud. 他详查档案, 寻找欺诈行为的证据. * Police are combing the woods for the missing children. 警察搜遍树林以寻找失踪的孩子. 4 (phr v) comb sth out remove knots, tangles, etc from or shape (the hair) with a comb 梳去（发结和乱处等）; 梳整（发型）. comb sth out (of sth) (a) remove (dirt, tangles, etc) from the hair with a comb 梳去毛发中（的脏物或结团处）: She combed the mud out of the dog's fur. 她梳去狗的皮毛中的泥土. (b) remove (unwanted people or things) from a group 从群体中清除（不需要的人或物）.

combat
[5kCmbAt; 5kambAt] n [C, U] fight or fighting between two people, armies, etc （两人、 两军等的）格斗, 搏斗, 战斗: * armed/unarmed combat, ie with/without weapons 武装的[非武装的]斗争 * The troops were exhausted after months of fierce combat. 部队经过几个月的激战已筋疲力尽. * [attrib 作定语] a combat jacket, mission, zone （野战用甲克式）军上衣、 战斗任务、 战区. 派生： combat v [Ipr, Tn] ~ (against/with) sb/sth (a) fight or struggle against sb/sth 与（某人[某事物]）战斗, 斗争, 搏斗: combat the enemy 与敌人作战. (b) try to reduce, weaken or destroy sth 试图减少、 减弱或消灭（某事物）: combating disease, inflation, terrorism 与疾病、 通货膨胀、 恐怖主义作斗争. combatant[5kCmbEtEnt; 5kambEtEnt] n, adj (person) involved in fighting in a war 参战者; 战士: * In modern wars, both combatants and non-combatants (ie civilians) are killed. 在现代战争中, 战斗人员与非战斗人员（平民）都可能死亡. combative[5kCmbEtiv; 5kambEtiv] adj eager or ready to fight or argue 斗志旺盛的; 好斗的; 好争论的: * in a combative mood 斗志昂扬. combatively adv.

combination
[7kCmbi'neiFn; 7kambE'neFEn] n 1 [U] joining or mixing together of two or more things or people; state of being joined or mixed together （两个或两个以上事物或人）结合, 混合, 联合, 组合, 合并, 化合: * It is the combination of wit and political analysis that makes his articles so readable. 他的生花妙笔与政治分析相得益彰, 使他的文章脍炙人口. * The firm is working on a new product in combination with several overseas partners. 公司正在联合几家海外合伙人制造新产品. 2 [C] number of things or people joined or mixed together; mixture; blend 结合到一起的事物或人; 混合物; 联合体: * Pink is a combination of red and white. 粉红色是红色与白色的混合色. * A combination of factors led to her decision to resign. 综合各种因素之後她决定辞职. * The architecture in the town centre is a successful combination of old and new. 市中心的建 风格是古今结合, 浑然一体. * What an unusual combination of flavours! 多麽不寻常的混合风味! 3 [C] sequence of numbers or letters used to open a combination lock （用以开启暗码锁的）数字或字母组合. 4 [C] (Brit) motor-bike with a side-car attached to it 带挎斗的摩托车. 5 combinations [pl] (formerly) one-piece under-garment covering the body and legs （旧时）衫裤相连的内衣. 复合： combi`nation lock type of lock (eg on a safe) that can only be opened by turning a set of dials until they show a particular sequence of numbers or letters 暗码锁（如保险柜上的）.

combine
1[kEm'bain; kEm'bain] v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (with sth); ~ A and B/A with B (cause things to) join or mix together to form a whole （使物件）结合或混合形成一整体; 联合; 组合; 合并; 化合: * Hydrogen and oxygen combine/Hydrogen combines with oxygen to form water. 氢与氧化合成水. * Circumstances have combined to ruin our plans for a holiday. 各种情况凑在一起破坏了我们的假日计划. * Combine the eggs with a little flour and heat the mixture gently. 把鸡蛋和少量面粉调匀, 用文火加热. * a kitchen and dining-room combined, ie one room used as both 厨房兼饭厅 * Success was achieved by the combined efforts of the whole team. 全队齐心协力取得了胜利. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ A and B/A with B do (two or more things) at the same time or have (two or more different qualities) as a characteristic 同时做（不止一件事）; 兼有（不止一种）特性: * combine business with pleasure 寓工作於娱乐之中 * He combines arrogance and incompetence in his dealings with the staff. 他在与工作人员交往中既傲慢又无能. 复合： com`bining form (linguistics 语言) form of a word which can combine with another word or another combining form to form a new word, eg Anglo-, -philia 构词成分（能与另一词或另一构词成分构成新词者, 如 Anglo-、 -philia）.

combustible
[kEm'bQstEbl; kEm'bQstEbl] adj 1 that can catch fire and burn easily 可燃的; 易燃的: * Petrol is (highly) combustible. 汽油（极）易燃. 2 (fig 比喻) (of people) excitable （指人）易激动的: * a combustible temperament 易冲动的脾气. 派生： combustible n (usu pl 通常作复数) combustible substance or material 易燃物; 可燃物.

combustion
[kEm'bQstFEn; kEm'bQstFEn] n [U] 1 process of burning 燃烧. 2 chemical process in which substances combine with oxygen in air, producing heat and light 燃烧过程. com`bustion chamber enclosed space in which `combustion(2) takes place, eg the space above the piston in an internal-combustion engine 燃烧室.

come
uppance

come1
* Who are you coming with? 你和谁一起来? * I'll be coming with Keith. 我和基思一起来. (d) (used with the present participle 与现在分词连用) take part in the specified activity, esp a sport, usu with other people 来（参加某活动, 尤指体育运动, 通常和他人一起）: * Why don't you come ice-skating (with us) tonight? 今晚来（和我们一起）溜冰好吗? 2 [I] travel (a specified distance) 行进（某段距离）: * We've come fifty miles since lunch. 我们午饭後走了五十英里了. * (fig 比喻) This company has come a long way (ie made a lot of progress) in the last five years. 最近五年这个公司已经前进了一大步. 3 (used with a present participle to show that sb/sth moves in the way specified or that sb is doing sth while moving 与现在分词连用, 表示某人[某事物]按某方式行进或某人在行进中做某事): * He came hurrying (ie hurried) to see her as soon as he heard she was ill. 他一听说她病了就立刻赶来看她. * The children came running (ie ran) to meet us. 孩子们跑着来迎接我们. * She came sobbing (ie was sobbing as she came) into the room. 她哭着进屋来了. * Sunlight came streaming through the window. 阳光从窗子射进来. 4 [La, Ipr] (not in the continuous tenses 不用於进行时态) occupy a particular position in space or time; occur 占据一定的空间或时间; 发生; 出现: * Easter comes early this year. 今年复活节来得早. * She came first (ie received the highest mark) in the examination. 她在这次考试中得第一. * (fig 比喻) His family comes first, ie is the most important thing in his life. 他把家庭放在第一位. * May comes between April and June. 五月在四月与六月之间. * `A' comes before `B' in the alphabet. 在字母表中A在B的前面. * Her death came as a terrible shock (to us). 她的死（使我们）极为震惊. * Her resignation came as a surprise/It came as a surprise when she resigned. 她辞职的事大家都感到惊讶.

come10
come into sth inherit sth 继承某事物: She came into a fortune when her uncle died. 她叔叔死後她继承了财产. `come of sth = come from sth. come of sth/doing sth (also come from doing sth) be the result of sth 是某事物的结果: He promised to help, but I don't think anything will come of it. 他答应帮忙, 但我想不会有任何结果. * This is what comes of being over-confident. 这就是过於自信的结果. * No harm can come of trying. 不妨试一试. come off (a) be able to be removed 能被去掉: `Does this knob come off?’ `No, it's fixed on permanently.’ ‘这个把手能拆下来吗?’‘不能, 那是固定的.’ * These stains won't come off, I'm afraid. 我看, 这些污点去不掉. (b) (infml 口) take place; happen 举行; 发生: When's the wedding coming off? 婚礼什麽时候举行? * Did your proposed trip to Rome ever come off? 你提出的到罗马旅行, 後来去了吗? (c) (infml 口) (of a plan, scheme, etc) be successful; have the intended effect or result （指计划、 方案等）成功; 达到预期的效果或结果: Her attempt to break the world record nearly came off. 她想要打破世界纪录, 已接近成功. * The film doesn't quite come off. 这部电影不很成功. (d) (infml 口) (followed by an adv 後接副词) fare; get on 进展; 进行: He always comes off badly in fights. 他在拳击比赛中总是很糟糕. * Who came off best in the debate? 在辩论中谁最出色? come off (sth) (a) fall from sth 从某物上掉下: come off one's bicycle, horse, etc 从自行车、 马等上跌下. (b) become detached or separated from sth 从某物上脱落或分离: When I tried to lift the jug, the handle came off (in my hand). 我刚一提这个罐, 把儿就掉了（握在我手中）. * Lipstick often comes off on wine glasses. 口红常能印到酒杯上. * A button has come off my coat. 我的大衣掉了一颗扣子. come `off it (infml 口) (used in the imperative to tell sb to stop saying things that one thinks or knows are untrue 用於祈使句, 要某人不再说不确之事): Come off it! England don't have a chance of winning the match. 别胡扯了! 英格兰没有希望赢得这场比赛. come off sth (of an amount of money) be removed from (a price) （指钱数）从（价钱）中减去: I've heard that ten pence a gallon is coming off the price of petrol. 我听说汽油价格每加仑要减十便士.

come11
come on (a) (of an actor) walk onto the stage （指演员）出台, 登场, 上场. (b) (of a sportsman) join a team as a substitute during a match （指运动员）（在比赛中）上场做替补队员: Robson came on in place of Wilkins ten minutes before the end of the game. 比赛结束前十分钟罗布森上场替代威尔金斯. (c) (of a bowler in cricket) begin to bowl （指板球投球手）开始投球: Botham came on to bowl after lunch. 午饭後博瑟姆开始投球. (d) (also come along) make progress; grow; improve 取得 进步; 生长; 改善; 发展; 发育: The garden is coming on nicely. 这个花园里花草茂盛. * Her baby is coming on well. 她的婴儿发育良好. * His French has come on a lot since he joined the conversation class. 他自从参加了会话班, 法语取得了很大进步. (e) (also come along) (used in the imperative to encourage sb to do sth, esp to hurry, try harder or make an effort 用於祈使句以鼓励某人做某事, 尤指促其加速、 努力或试一试): Come on, we'll be late for the theatre. 快点吧, 我们去戏院要迟到了. * Come along now, someone must know the answer. 试试吧, 一定有人能够回答. (f) begin 开始: I think I have a cold coming `on. 我看我要感冒了. * The rain came on/It ,came on to `rain. 下起雨来了. * It's getting colder: winter is coming `on. 天渐冷了, 冬天来了. (g) (of a film, play, etc) be shown or performed （指电影、 戏剧等）上演, 演出: There's a new play coming on at the local theatre next week. 下星期本地剧院有新戏上演. come on/upon sb/sth (fml 文) meet or find sb/sth by chance 偶然遇见或发现某人[某事物]: I came upon a group of children playing in the street. 我遇到一群孩子在街上玩耍. come `out (a) stop work; strike 停止工作; 罢工: The miners have come out (on strike). 矿工已罢工. (b) (of a young girl) be formally introduced to high society （指少女）初进社交界: Fiona came out last season. 菲奥纳上一季初次参加社交活动.

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* a coming-out ball 少女初进社交界舞会. (c) (of the sun, moon or stars) become visible; appear （指太阳、 月亮或星星）露出, 出现: The rain stopped and the sun came out. 雨停了, 太阳出来了. (d) (of flowers, etc) begin to grow; appear; flower （指花朵等）开始长出, 吐艳, 开花: The crocuses came out late this year because of the cold weather. 因为天气寒冷, 今年藏红花开得晚. (e) be produced or published 出版或发表: When is her new novel coming out? 她的新小说何时问世? (f) (of news, the truth, etc) become known; be told or revealed （指消息、 真相等）周知, 传出, 透露: The full story came out at the trial. 事件的始末在审判时才真相大白. * It came out that he'd been telling a pack of lies. 後来才知道他一直在说谎. (g) (of photographs) be developed （指照片）显影, 显出, 洗出: Our holiday photos didn't come out, eg because the film was faulty. 我们假日的照片冲洗不出来（如因胶卷有毛病）. (h) be revealed or shown clearly 显示得或表示得很清楚: The bride comes out well (ie looks attractive) in the photographs. 像片上新娘照得很好. * His arrogance comes out in every speech he makes. 他每次讲话都显得很傲慢. * Her best qualities come out in a crisis. 在危急关头显露出了她的优秀品质. * The meaning of the poem doesn't really come out in his interpretation. 他并没有把这首诗的意义真正揭示出来. (i) (of words, a speech, etc) be spoken （指词语、 言论等）说出, 讲出: My statement didn't come out quite as (ie appeared to have a different meaning from the one) I had intended. 我说出的话和我原先想要表达的意思不尽相同. (j) (of a sum, problem, etc) be solved （指算数题、 问题等）解出, 解决: I can't make this equation come out. 我不会解这个方程式. (k) declare openly that one is a homosexual 公开表白是同性恋者: She's been much happier since she came out. 她公开了自己是同性恋者以後就快活多了. (l) have a specified position in a test, examination, etc （在测验、 考试等中）得某名次: She came out first in the examination. 她考试得第一名. come out (of sth) (a) (of an object) be removed from a place where it is fixed （指物体）（从固着处）除掉: The little girl's tooth came out when she bit into the apple. 这小女孩在咬苹果时, 她的牙掉了.

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* I can't get this screw to come out of the wall. 我无法把这颗螺丝钉从墙上取出. (b) (of a mark, stain, etc) be removed from sth by washing, cleaning, etc （指标记、 污点等）（用洗刷等方法）除掉: These ink stains won't come out (of my dress). （我的连衣裙上的）这些墨水点洗不掉. * Will the colour come out (ie fade or disappear) if the material is washed? 这料子洗时掉色吗? come out against sth say publicly that one is opposed to sth 公开说反对某事物: In her speech, the Minister came out against any change to the existing law. 这位部长在她的讲话中表示不同意对现行法律作任何更改. come out at sth amount to a particular cost or sum 合计成本、 费用或总数: The total cost comes out at 500. 总计费用为500英镑. come out in sth become partially covered in (spots, pimples, etc) （局部）布满（斑点、 粉刺、 皮疹等）: Hot weather makes her come out in a rash. 因天气炎热, 她起了皮疹. come out with sth say sth; utter sth 说某事物; 说出某事物: He came out with a stream of abuse. 他讲了一连串的污言秽语. * She sometimes comes out with the most extraordinary remarks. 她有时说出的话妙语如珠. come over = come across. come over (to...) = come round (to...). come over (to...) (from...) move from one (usu distant) place to another 从一地（通常为远处）来到另一地: Why don't you come over to England for a holiday? 你怎麽不到英国来度假呢? * Her grandparents came over (eg to America) from Ireland during the famine. 她的祖父母是在饥荒时期从爱尔兰来的（如到美国）. come `over sb (of a feeling) affect sb （指某种感觉）刺激或影响某人: A fit of dizziness came over her. 她感到一阵头晕目眩. * I can't think what came over me, ie I do not know what caused me to behave in that way. 我不知道我是怎麽了（我不知道是什麽原因使我有那种举动）. come over (to sth) change from one side, opinion, etc to another 改变立场或意见等: She will never come over to our side. 她决不会站到我们这边来.

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come `round (a) come by a longer route than usual 绕道而来: The road was blocked so we had to come round by the fields. 道路堵塞了, 所以我们只好由田间绕道而来. (b) (of a regular event) arrive; recur （指有规律的事情）来到; 发生: Christmas seems to come round quicker every year. 圣诞节似乎一年比一年来得快. (c) (also come `to) regain consciousness, esp after fainting 恢复知觉; 苏醒: Pour some water on his face he'll soon come round. 往他脸上泼些水--他很快就能醒过来. * Your husband hasn't yet come round after the anaesthetic. 你丈夫麻醉後还没有苏醒. (d) (infml 口) become happy again after being in a bad mood （情绪不好之後）又愉快起来: Don't scold the boy; he'll come round in time. 不要责骂这孩子, 他过了那一阵就会好的. come round (to...) (also come over (to...)) visit sb or a place (usu within the same town, city, etc) 访问或参观（通常为同一城镇等的）某人或某地: Why don't you come round (to my flat) this evening? 今晚你来（我家）, 好吗? * Do come round and see us some time. 务必抽空来坐坐. come round (to sth) (also come around (to sth)) be converted to sb else's opinion or view 转变成与别人一致的看法或观点: She will never come round (to our way of thinking). 她决不会改变态度（与我们的想法一致）. come round to sth/doing sth (infml 口) do sth after a long delay （长时间拖延後）做某事: It was several weeks before I eventually came round to answering her letter. 过了几星期之後我才终於给她回信. come `through (of news, a message) arrive by telephone, radio, etc or through official channels （指新闻、 信息）（由电话、 无线电等或经官方渠道）传来: A message is just coming through. 有消息刚刚传来. * Your posting has just come through: you're going to Hong Kong. 你的调令刚到: 你要去香港了. come through (sth) recover from a serious illness or avoid serious injury; survive (sth) （重病後）康复; 避免受到严重伤害; （经某事物後）还活着: He's very ill but doctors expect him to come `through. 他病得很重, 但医生预料他能康复.

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* With such a weak heart she was lucky to come through (the operation). 她心脏很弱, （手术後）能活下来就是万幸. * She came through without even a scratch, eg was not even slightly injured in the accident. 她安然脱险. * He has come through two world wars. 他身经两次世界大战, 劫後馀生. come `to (a) = come round. (b) (of a boat) stop （指船）停下: The police launch hailed to us to come to. 警方汽艇招呼我们停下来. `come to sb (that...) (of an idea) occur to sb （指看法）被某人想出: The idea came to him in his bath. 他洗澡时想出了这个主意. * It suddenly came to her that she had been wrong all along. 她突然想到她一开始就错了. ,come to `sth (a) amount to sth; be equal to sth 共计为某数; 等於某数: The bill came to 30. 帐款共计30英镑. * I never expected those few items to come to so much. 我绝想不到就那麽几项合计起来竟要这麽多钱. (b) (used esp with this, that or what as object 尤以 this、 that或what作宾 语时与之连用) reach a particular (usu bad) situation or state of affairs 达到某种（通常为坏的）情况或状态: The doctors will operate if it proves necessary but it may not come to that. 医生认为必要时便动手术--但可能不致如此. * `There's been another terrorist bomb attack.’ `Really? I don't know what the world is coming to.’ ‘又发生一次恐怖分子炸弹爆炸事件.’ ‘真的吗? 不知道这个世界要变成什麽样子了.’ * Things have come to such a state in the company that he's thinking of resigning. 公司的事情已经到了这种地步, 因此他正在考虑辞职. * Who'd have thought things would come to this (ie become so bad or unpleasant)? 谁想到过事情会发展到这种地步（变得这麽糟或不愉快）? come to sb (from sb) (of money, property, etc) be given or left to sb as an inheritance （指钱、 财产等）作为遗产送给或留给某人: The farm came to him on his father's death. 他父亲死时把农场留给他了.

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* He has a lot of money coming to him when his uncle dies. 他的叔父死後他承受了一大笔钱. come under sth (a) be included within a certain category 归入某类; 编入: What heading does this come under? 这个编在什麽标题之下? (b) be the target of sth 是某事物的目标: We came under heavy enemy fire. 我们遭到敌人猛烈攻击. come `up (a) (of plants) appear above the soil （指植物）长出地面: The snowdrops are just beginning to come up. 雪花莲刚刚开始长出地面. (b) (of the sun) rise （指太阳）升起: We watched the sun come up. 我们观看日出. (c) (of soldiers, supplies, etc) be moved to the front line （指士兵、 给养等）被送往前线. (d) occur; arise 发生; 出现: We'll let you know if any vacancies come up. 一有空缺我们就通知你. * I'm afraid something urgent has come up; I won't be able to see you tonight. 很抱歉, 有些急事; 今晚不能见你了. (e) be mentioned or discussed; arise 被提及; 被讨论; 出现: The subject came up in conversation. 这个问题是在谈话中提到的. * The question is bound to come up at the meeting. 会上必然要讨论这个问题. (f) be dealt with by a court 由法庭审理: Her divorce case comes up next month. 她的离婚案件下月审理. (g) (of a lottery ticket, number, etc) be drawn; win （指彩票、 数字抽奖等）抽中, 中奖, 赢: My number came up and I won 100. 我的数字彩票中奖了, 我赢得100英镑. come `up (to...) (Brit) begin one's studies at a university (esp at Oxford or Cambridge) 开始上大学（尤指牛津或剑桥）: She came up (to Oxford) in 1982. 她1982年（到牛津）上大学. come up (to...) (from...) come to one place from another, esp from a smaller place to London or from the South to the North of England 从一地来到另一地（尤指由小地方到伦敦或由英格兰南部到北部）; 上伦敦; 北上: She often comes up to London (eg from Oxford) at weekends. 她常在周末（如由牛津）上伦敦来. * Why don't you come up to Scotland for a few days? 你怎麽不北上到苏格兰来住几天? come up against sb/sth be faced with or opposed by sb/sth 面对某人[某事物]; 被某人[某事物]反对: We expect to come up against a lot of opposition to the scheme. 我们预计这个计划要遭到很多人反对. come up for sth be considered as an applicant or a candidate for sth 作某事的申请人或候选人: She comes up for re-election next year. 在明年的重选中她参加竞选. come up to sth (a) reach up as far as (a specified point) 升到（某点）: The water came up to my neck. 水升到我的颈部.

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(b) reach (an acceptable level or standard) 达到（认可的水平或标准）: His performance didn't really come up to his usual high standard. 他没有真正表现出平日的高水平来. * Their holiday in France didn't come up to expectations. 他们在法国度假未尽如人意. come `up with sth find or produce (an answer, a solution, etc) 找到或提出（答案、 办法等）: She came up with a new idea for increasing sales. 她想出了增加销售量的新主意. come upon sb/sth = come on sb/sth. 派生： come interj (used to encourage sb to be sensible or reasonable, or to rebuke sb slightly 用以鼓励某人使之理智或合情合理或用以轻责某人): Oh come (now), things aren't as bad as you say. 嗳, 好了, 事情并不像你说的那样糟. * Come, come, Miss Jones, be careful what you say. 得啦, 得啦, 琼斯小姐, 说话要当心. 复合： `come-back n 1 return to a former (successful) position 恢复到原先的（成功）地位: an ageing pop star trying to make/stage a come-back 年事已高的流行曲歌星, 打算重返歌坛. 2 (infml 口) reply or retort to a critical or hostile remark （对批评的或恶意的话的）回答或反驳. 3 way of obtaining compensation or redress 得到补偿或补救的方法: If you're not insured and you get burgled, you have no come-back. 没投保险而遭偷窃, 就得不到赔偿. `come-down n (usu sing 通常作单数) (infml 口) loss of importance or social position 失去重要性或社会地位; 败落; 没落: Having to work as a clerk is a bit of a come-down after running his own business. 他原来经营自己的买卖, 现在不得已去当小职员, 可谓家道中落了. ,come-`hither adj [attrib 作定语] (dated infml 旧, 口) flirtatious; inviting 挑逗性的; 勾引人的; 诱人的: a ,come-hither `look, `smile, etc 挑逗性的一瞥、 一笑等. `come-on n (usu sing 通常作单数) (infml 口) gesture, remark, etc indicating that sb (esp a woman) is trying to attract sb sexually （某人, 尤指女人, 试图吸引异性的）姿势、 言语等: She gave him the come-on. 她勾引他.

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5 [I] (not in the continuous tenses 不用於进行时态) (of goods, products, etc) be available （指货物、 产品等）有（货）, 买得到: * This dress comes in three sizes. 这种衣服有叁种尺码. * Do these shoes come in black? 这种鞋有黑色的吗? * New cars don't come cheap, ie They are expensive. 新汽车没有便宜的. 6 [La] become; prove to be 变成; 证实是: * My shoe laces have come undone. 我的鞋带松开了. * This envelope has come unstuck. 这个信封开了. * The handle has come loose. 这个把柄松了. * It comes cheaper if you buy things in bulk. 成批买东西就便宜些. * Everything will come right in the end. 一切问题终会解决. 7 [It] reach a point at which one realizes, understands, believes, etc sth 达到（对某事物认识、 理解、 相信等的境界）: * She had come to see the problem in a new light. 她对这问题已有新的认识. * In time he came to love her. 他终於爱上了她. * I have come to believe that the Government's economic policy is misguided. 我认识到政府的经济政策已步入歧途. 8 [It] (used in questions after how to ask for an explanation or a reason for sth 用於疑问句中的how之後, 要求对某事物作出解释或说明理由): * How did he come to break his leg? 他怎麽把腿弄折了呢? * How do you come to be so late? 你怎麽迟到这麽长时间呢? Cf 参看 how come13). 9 [Ln] ~ sth (with sb) (infml 口) behave like or play the part of sth 举止像...; 扮演某事物的角色: * Don't come the bully with me! 不要跟我无理取闹! * She tried to come the innocent with me. 她在我面前装出清白无辜的样子. 10 (infml 口) (used before an expression of time 用於表示时间的词语之前) when the specified time comes 当某时刻到来时: * We'll have been married for two years come Christmas. 到圣诞节时我们就结婚两年了. * Come (ie By) next week she'll have changed her mind. 到下星期她就要改变主意了.

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11 [I] (infml 口) have an orgasm 达到性高潮. 12 (used with to or into + n in many expressions to show that the state or condition indicated by the n has been reached 与to或into加名词连用可构成许多固定词组, 表示已达到该名词所示的状态, 如 At last winter came to an end, ie ended 冬天终於结束了; The trees are coming into leaf, ie starting to grow leaves 树木开始长出叶子; for similar expressions, see entries for ns 类似固定词组见有关名词词条, 如 come to blows => blow). 13 (idm 习语) be as ,clever, ,stupid, etc as they `come (infml 口) be very clever, stupid, etc 非常聪明、 愚蠢等. come again? (infml 口) (used to ask sb to repeat sth because one doesn't understand it or can hardly believe it 因未听懂或难以置信, 要求某人重复一遍时使用): * `She's an entomologist.’ `Come again?’ `An entomologist she studies insects.’ ‘她是昆虫学家.’‘请再说一遍.’ ‘昆虫学家--她研究昆虫.’ ,come and `go exist or be present in a place for a short time and then stop or depart 时来时去; 时有时无; 时隐时现: * The pain in my leg comes and goes, ie Sometimes my leg is painful and sometimes it is not. 我的腿有时疼有时不疼. * Governments come and go (ie One government is replaced by another) but does anything really change? 政府换来换去, 但有什麽真正的改变呢? come `easily, `naturally, etc to sb (of an activity, skill, etc) be easy, natural, etc for sb to do （指活动、 技能等）某人做起来容易、 生来就会等: * Acting comes naturally to her. 她生来就会表演. ,come over `dizzy, `faint, `giddy, etc (infml 口) suddenly feel dizzy, faint, giddy, etc 突然感到头晕目眩、 要昏倒、 发晕等: * I suddenly came over (all) funny/queer and had to lie down. 我突然感到身体不舒服[眩晕], 只好躺下. come to `nothing; not come to `anything have no useful or successful result; be a complete failure 毫无结果; 完全失败:

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* All her plans have come to nothing. 她所有的计划都落空了. * How sad that his efforts should come to nothing. 他的一切努力完全付诸东流, 多麽可悲呀. come to one`self return to one's normal state 恢复自己的常态: * The shock made her hesitate for a moment but she quickly came to herself again. 这一打击使她踌躇片刻, 但很快就又恢复正常了. come to `that; if it comes to `that (infml 口) (used to introduce sth that is connected with and in addition to sth just mentioned 用以引出与刚提到的事物有联系而作补充的事物): * He looks just like his dog come to that, so does his wife! 他看上去就像他的狗一样--说起像来, 连他妻子也像! ,come what `may whatever happens; in spite of difficulties or problems that may arise 不论发生什麽事情; 不管出现什麽样的困难和问题: * He promised to support her come what may. 他答应不论发生什麽事都支持她. how come (...)? (infml 口) how does/did it happen (that...)?; what is the explanation (of sth)? 怎麽发生的?; （某事物）怎样解释?: * If she spent five years in Paris, how come she can't speak a word of French? 她假若在巴黎呆了五年, 怎麽一句法语都不会说呢? * You were an hour late this morning, how `come? 今天早晨你迟到了一小时, 怎麽回事? not `come to much not be, become or do anything of importance 不重要; 不足道; 无关紧要: * He'll never come to much (ie have a successful career) , he's too lazy. 他绝不会有什麽作为, 因为他太懒. * I don't think her idea of becoming a journalist ever came to much. 我认为她当新闻记者的想法没什麽名堂. to `come (used after a n 用於名词之後) in the future 在将来: * In years to come... 未来的岁月 * for some time to come, ie for a period of time in the future 在将来的一段时间里. when it comes to sth/doing sth when it is a case, matter or question of (doing) sth 当涉及（做）某事物的情况、 事情或问题时:

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* I'm as good a cook as she is except when it comes to (making) pastry. 我做饭做得和她一样好, 就是不会做油酥馅饼. (For other idioms containing come, see entries for ns, adjs, etc 与come搭配的其他习语见有关名词、 形容词等的词条, 如 come a cropper => cropper; come clean => clean. ) 14 (phr v) come a`bout (of a sailing-boat) change direction （指帆船）改变方向. come about (that...) happen 发生: Can you tell me how the accident came a`bout? 你能告诉我事故是怎样发生的吗? * How did it come about that he knew where we were? 他是怎麽知道我们在什麽地方的呢? come a`cross (also come `over) (a) be understood or communicated 被理解; 被传达: He spoke for a long time but his meaning did not really come across. 他讲了很长时间, 但他的意思没有人真正理解. (b) make an impression of the specified type 使人产生某种印象: She comes across well/badly in interviews. 她在面试中给人留下很好的[很坏的]印象. * He came across as sympathetic/a sympathetic person. 他给人以有同情心的印象. come across sb/sth meet or find sb/sth by chance 偶然遇见或发现某人[某事物]; 碰见: I ,came across an old `school friend in Oxford Street this morning. 今天早上我在牛津大街碰见一位老校友. * She ,came across some old `photographs in a drawer. 她在抽屉里偶然发现一些旧照片. come a`cross (with sth) (dated infml 旧, 口) give or hand over (money, information, etc) 给或交给（钱、 资料等）: He owes me five pounds but I doubt if he'll ever come across (with it). 他欠我五英镑, 我怀疑是否能还给我（这笔钱）. come after sb chase or pursue sb 追赶或追逐某人: The farmer came after the intruders with a big stick. 农夫拿着大棒追赶闯进来的人. come a`long (a) arrive; appear 到达; 出现: When the right opportunity comes along, she'll take it. 待适当的机会来临, 她就能抓住. * `Is she married?’ `No. She says she's waiting for the right man to come along.’ ‘她结婚了吗?’‘没有. 她说她在等待着意中人的出现.

come6
(b) = come on d. (c) = come on e. come a`part break or fall into pieces 破裂; 摔碎: The teapot just came apart in my hands. 茶壶就在我手中裂开了. come at sb attack sb come7 /// come before sb/sth (a) be presented to sb/sth for discussion, decision or judgement 被提交给某人[某事物]进行讨论、 作出决定或判决: The case ,comes before the `court next week. 这件案子下星期提交法庭审理. (b) have greater importance than sb/sth else 比某人[某事物]更重要: Fighting poverty and unemployment should come before all other political considerations. 解决贫穷和失业问题比所有其他政治问题都更重要. come between sb and sb interfere with or harm a relationship between two people 干预或损害两人之间的关系; 离间: It's not a good idea to come between a man and his wife. 最好不要介入人家夫妻间的事. * I'd hate anything to come between us. 我痛恨影响我们关系的一切事物. come between sb and sth prevent sb from doing or having sth 妨碍某人做某事物或得到某事物: He never lets anything come between him and his evening pint of beer. 什麽事也不能妨碍他晚上喝啤酒. `come by sth (a) obtain sth, usu by effort 得到某事物（通常靠努力）: Jobs are hard to come by these days. 近来 很难找到工作. * I hope that money was honestly come by. 我希望那笔钱来得正当. (b) receive sth by chance 偶然获得某事物: How did you come by that scratch on your cheek? 你脸上的抓伤是怎麽来的? come `down (a) collapse 塌下; 坍塌: The ceiling came down. 天花板塌了. (b) (of rain, snow, etc) fall （指雨、 雪等）落下: The rain came down in torrents. 下着倾盆大雨. (c) (of an aircraft) land or fall from the sky （指飞行器）着陆, 从空中掉下: We were forced to come down in a field. 我们被迫在田地里着陆. * Two of our fighters came down inside enemy lines. 我方有两架战斗机坠落在敌方. (d) (of prices, the temperature, etc) become lower; fall （指价格、 温度等）降低; 下降: The price of petrol is coming down/Petrol is coming down in price. 汽油价格在下跌. come `down (from...) (Brit) leave a university (esp Oxford or Cambridge) after finishing one's studies 大学毕业（尤指於牛津或剑桥）: When did you come down

come8
(from Oxford)? 你什麽时候（从牛津）大学毕业的? come down (from...) (to...) come from one place to another, esp from the North of England to London, or from a city or large town to a smaller place 从一处来到另一处（尤指从英格兰北部到伦敦或由城镇到较小的地方）: We hope to come down to London next week. 我们希望下星期南下到伦敦. * They've recently come down from London to live in the village. 他们最近已经从伦敦搬到乡村来住. come `down on sb (infml 口) (a) criticize sb severely; rebuke sb 申斥某人; 训斥某人: Don't come down too hard on her. 不要太严厉地申斥她. (b) punish sb 惩罚某人: The courts are coming down heavily on young offenders. 法庭从严惩处年轻罪犯. come down on sb for sth (infml 口) demand (payment or money) from sb 向某人索取（报酬或钱）: His creditors came down on him for prompt payment of his bills. 债权人催他尽快付帐. come down to sb be passed from one generation to another 一代传一代: stories that came down to us from our forefathers 祖祖辈辈传下来的故事. come down to sth/doing sth (infml 口) be forced by poverty, etc to do sth that one would never do normally; be reduced to sth 因贫穷等被迫去做正常情况下决不做的事; 沦落为...: He had come down to begging. 他已沦为乞丐. come down to sth (a) reach as far down as (a specified point) 下垂到（某一点）: Her hair comes down to her waist. 她的头发垂到腰部. (b) be able to be summarized as sth; be a question of sth 可归结为某事物; 是某事物的问题: It comes down to two choices: you either improve your work, or you leave. 归结起来有两条出路: 你或者改进工作, 或者辞职. * The whole dispute comes down to a power struggle between management and trade unions. 全部争论其实就是资方与工会间的权力斗争. come down with sth become ill with (an illness) 得某病; 因某病病倒: I came down with flu and was unable to go to work. 我得了流感, 不能去上班.

come9
come `forward present oneself 站出来; 自告奋勇; 挺身而出: come forward with help, information, money 自告奋勇提供帮助、 信息、 金钱 * Police have asked witnesses of the accident to come forward. 警方要求事故的目击者挺身而出予以协助. come from... (not used in the continuous tenses 不用於进行时态) have as one's birthplace or place of residence 为自己的出生地; 为自己的居住地: She comes from London. 她是伦敦人. * Where do you come from? 你是什麽地方的人? come from.../sth be a product of (a place or a thing) （某地或某事物）的产品: Much of the butter eaten in England comes from New Zealand. 在英国食用的黄油多产自新西兰. * Milk comes from cows and goats. 常见的奶是牛奶和羊奶. come from sth (also come of sth) be descended from sth 出身於: She comes from a long line of actresses. 她出身於演员世家. come from doing sth = come of sth/doing sth. come in (a) (of the tide) move towards the land; rise （指潮水）涌向陆地; 涨: The tide was coming in fast. 潮水涨得很快. (b) finish a race in a particular position 赛跑取得的名次: Which horse came in first? 哪匹马跑第一? (c) (of a batsman in cricket) come to the wicket at the start of one's innings （指板球戏中的击球手）（轮到击球开始时）来到叁柱门前就位: Who's coming in next? 该谁到叁柱门击球了? (d) become fashionable 时兴; 流行; 时髦: Long hair for men came in in the sixties. 男子留长发在六十年代流行. (e) become available (at a particular time of the year) （在一年的某一时间）有（货）; 可以买到: English strawberries usually come in in late June. 英国草莓通常在六月下旬上市. (f) be elected 当选: The socialists came in at the last election. 社会党人在上次选举中当选. (g) be received as income 收入; 进项: She has a thousand pounds a month coming in from her investments. 她每月从投资中得到一千英镑收入. (h) have a part to play in sth 在某事物中起作用: I understand the plan perfectly, but I can't see where I come in. 我完全了解这项计划, 但不知道我能起什麽作用? (i) (of news, a report, etc) be received by a television station, the offices of a newspaper, etc （指新闻、 报道等）被电视台、 报社等收到: News is coming in of a serious train crash in Scotland. 刚刚收到的消息说, 苏格兰发生火车撞车重大事故. (j) contribute to a discussion 参与讨论: Would you like to come in at this point, Prime Minister? 首相, 您愿意在此刻发表意见吗? come in for sth be the object of sth; attract sth; receive sth 是某事物的对象; 吸引某事物; 获得某事物: The Government'seconomic policies have come in for much criticism in the newspapers. 政府的经济政策遭到报章多方抨击. come in on sth have a part or share in sth; join sth （在某事物中）有一份; 参与某事物: If you want to come in on the scheme, you must decide now. 你要参与这项计划就必须现在决定. come in with sb (infml 口) join sb in a scheme, venture, etc （在一项计划、 企业等中）联合某人; 合资经营.

comedian
[kE'mi:diEn; kE'midiEn] n 1 (fem 阴性作comedienne/kE7mi:di'en; kE7midi'en] ) (a) entertainerwho tells jokes, performs sketches (sketch 3), etc to amuse an audience （说笑话、 演滑稽剧等的）演员. (b) actor or actress who plays comic parts 喜剧演员. 2 person who is always behaving comically 滑稽的人.

comedy
[5kCmEdi; 5kamEdi] n 1 (a) [C] light or amusing play or film, usu with a happy ending 喜剧. (b) [U] plays or films of this type 喜剧; 喜剧片: * I prefer comedy to tragedy. 我喜欢喜剧, 不喜欢悲剧. Cf 参看 tragedy. 2 [U] amusing aspect of sth; humour 某事物的有趣方面; 幽默: * He didn't appreciate the comedy of the situation. 他没有意识到处境的有趣方面. * the slapstick comedy of silent films 无声电影的滑稽趣味. 复合： comedy of manners comedy that presents a satirical portrayal of social life 风尚喜剧（讽刺社交生活的喜剧）.

comely
[5kQmli; 5kQmli] adj (-lier, -liest) (dated or fml 旧或文) (esp of a woman) good-looking; attractive （尤指女子）好看的, 标致的, 有吸引力的. > comeliness n [U].

comer
[5kQmE(r); 5kQml] n 1 person who comes (used esp as in the expressions shown) 来者（尤用於下列示例）: * The race is open to all comers, ie Anyone may take part in it. 这项竞赛任何人都可参加. * Late-comers will not be allowed in. 迟到者不得入内. 2 (infml 口 esp US) person who is likely to be successful; promising person 可能成功的人; 有前途的人.

comestibles
[kE'mestEblz; kE'mestEblz] n [pl] (fml 文) things to eat 食物; 食品.

comet
[5kCmit; 5kamit] n object that moves round the sun and looks like a bright star with a long, less bright tail 慧星.

comfort
[5kQmfEt; 5kQmflt] n 1 [U] state of being free from suffering, pain or anxiety; state of physical or mental well-being 舒适; 身心健康: * live in comfort 生活舒适 * They did everything for our comfort. 他们尽力使我们觉得舒适. 2 [U] help or kindness to sb who is suffering; consolation （对受苦者的）帮助或仁爱; 安慰: * a few words of comfort 几句安慰的话 * The news brought comfort to all of us. 这消息给我们大家带来了安慰. 3 [sing] person or thing that brings relief or consolation 给予援助或安慰的人或事物: * Her children are a great comfort to her. 她的孩子是她极大的安慰. * It's a comfort to know that she is safe. 知道她平安无事是令人宽慰的事. 4 [C esp pl 尤作复数] thing that creates physical ease or well-being 使身体舒适或健康的事物: * The hotel has all modern comforts/every modern comfort, eg central heating, hot and cold water, etc. 这家旅馆设有各种现代化的舒适设施（如集中供暖、 冷热水等）. * He likes his comforts. 他喜欢自己舒适的生活条件. 5 (idm 习语) cold comfort => cold1. 派生： comfort v [Tn] give comfort(2) to (sb) 安慰（某人）: comfort a dying man 安慰垂死的人 * The child ran to its mother to be comforted. 孩子跑到母亲身边以求得到安慰. comfortless adj without comforts (comfort 4) 无舒适生活设施的: a comfortless room 无舒适设施的房间. 复合： `comfort station (US euph 婉) public lavatory 公共厕所.

comfortable
[5kQmftEbl; - -fErt-; 5kQmfltEbl] adj 1 allowing, producing or having pleasant bodily relaxation 舒适的; 安逸的; 使人舒服的: * a comfortable bed, position 舒适的床、 姿势 * She made herself comfortable in a big chair. 她舒舒服服地坐在大椅子上. * The patient is comfortable (ie is not in pain) after his operation. 病人手术後感觉良好. 2 having or ensuring freedom from anxiety 无忧无虑的: * a comfortable life, job 无忧无虑的生活、 工作. 3 [pred 作表语] (infml 口) quite wealthy 富足: * They may not be millionaires but they're certainly very comfortable. 他们尽管不算百万富翁, 却也丰衣足食. 4 more than adequate; reasonably large 充裕的; 相当大的: * a comfortable income 丰厚的收入 * She won by a comfortable margin. 她获胜成绩远远超过其他人. 派生： comfortably[-tEbli; -tEbli] adv 1 in a comfortable way 舒适地; 舒服地: * comfortably ensconced in a big armchair 舒适地稳坐在单座沙发上. 2 by a clear margin 充裕地: * The favourite won the race comfortably. 那个大热门以明显优势获胜. 3 (idm 习语) ,comfortably `off having enough money to live in comfort 生活宽裕.

comforter
[5kQmfEtE(r); 5kQmfltl] n 1 person who comforts 安慰者. 2 (US) quilt 被子. 3 (Brit) (US pacifier) = dummy. 4 (dated 旧 Brit) woollen scarf worn round the neck 毛围巾.

comfy
[5kQmfi; 5kQmfi] adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) comfortable 舒适的; 舒服的.

comic
[5kCmik; 5kamik] adj 1 [usu attrib 通常作定语] causing people to laugh; funny 使人发笑的; 可笑的; 滑稽的: * a comic song, performance, etc 滑稽的歌曲、 表演等 * His accident with the microphone brought some welcome comic relief to a very dull party. 他撞上了话筒, 这给极沉闷的聚会带来了些欢乐. 2 [attrib 作定语] of, containing or using comedy 喜剧的; 有喜剧成分的; 运用喜剧的: * comic opera 喜剧歌剧 * a comic actor 喜剧演员. 派生： comic n 1 comedian 喜剧演员: a popular TV comic 观众喜爱的电视喜剧演员. 2 (US `comic book) children's magazine containing stories told mainly through pictures （儿童的）连环画册. comical[5kCmikl; 5kamikl] adj (odd and) amusing （古怪而）可笑的, 滑稽的: * He looked highly comical wearing that tiny hat. 他戴着那顶小帽子, 看上去真滑稽. comically[-kli; -kli] adv: * clothes that were almost comically inappropriate 因不合适而近乎滑稽的衣物. 复合： comic `strip (also `strip cartoon) sequence of drawings telling a humorous or adventure story, printed in newspapers, etc （报纸上的）连环漫画.

coming
[5kQmiN; 5kQmiN] n 1 arrival 抵达; 来到; 到达; 到来: * the coming of the space age 太空时代的到来. 2 (idm 习语) ,comings and `goings (infml 口) arrivals and departures 来来往往: * the constant comings and goings at a hotel 旅馆中旅客不断的来来往往 * With all the comings and goings (eg of visitors) I haven't been able to do any work at all. 有这麽多人来来往往（如来访者）, 我根本不能工作.

comma
[5kCmE; 5kamE] n punctuation mark (,) to indicate a light pause or break between parts of a sentence 逗号（,）. =>App 3 见附录3.

command
1[kE'ma:nd; - -'mAnd; kE'mAnd] v 1 [I, Tn, Tf, Dn.t] (of sb in authority) tell (sb) that he must do sth; order （指有权者）叫（某人）必须做某事; 命令: * Do as I command (you). 照我命令（你的）去做. * (fml 文) The tribunal has commanded that all copies of the book (must) be destroyed. 法庭命令（必须）将这本书的所有印本都销毁. * The officer commanded his men to fire. 军官命令士兵开火. =>Usage at order2 用法见order2. 2 [I, Tn] have authority (over sb/sth); be in control (of) 有（支配某人[某事物]）的权力; 控制: * Does seniority give one the right to command? 难道年长资深就有权发号施令吗? * The ship's captain commands all the officers and men. 舰长统率舰上全体官兵. 3 [Tn no passive 不用於被动语态] be able to use (sth); have at one's disposal 能使用（某事物）; 由某人随意支配; 掌握; 掌管: * command funds, skill, resources, etc 掌握资金、 技巧、 资源等 * She commands great wealth, ie is very rich. 她很富有. * A government minister commands the services of many officials. 政府部长掌管许多官员的工作. * (fig 比喻) The house commands a fine view, ie A fine view can be seen from it. 从这所房子处可一览优美景色. 4 [Tn no passive 不用於被动语态] deserve and get (sth) 应得; 值得; 博得: * Great men command our respect. 伟人受到我们尊敬. * The plight of the famine victims commands everyone's sympathy. 饥民的苦境值得大家同情. 5 [Tn no passive 不用於被动语态] (of a place, fort, etc) be positioned so as to control (sth) （指地方、 堡垒等）因地利而能控制（某事物）: * The castle commanded the entrance to the valley. 该城堡控制着峡谷的入口. 派生： commanding adj 1 [attrib 作定语] having the authority to give formal orders 有权发出正式命令的; 指挥的: one's commanding officer 上级指挥官. 2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] in a position to control or dominate 处於控制或支配地位的: The fort occupies a commanding position. 这堡垒占据控制地位.

command1
* One team has already built up a commanding lead. 有一个队已经遥遥领先. 3 [usu attrib 通常作定语] seeming to have authority; impressive 像有权威的; 给人深刻印象的: a commanding voice, tone, look, etc 威严的声音、 声调、 神态等.

commandant
[7kCmEn'dAnt; 7kamEn'dAnt] n commanding officer, esp of a prisoner-of-war camp, military academy, etc 指挥官; 司令; （尤指）战俘营的首长, 军事院校的校长等.

commandeer
[7kCmEn'diE(r); 7kamEn'dir] v [Tn] take possession or control of (vehicles, buildings, etc) forcibly or for official (esp military) purposes 强取, 强占, 徵用（车辆、 建 物等）（尤指作军用）.

commander
[kE'ma:ndE(r); - -'mAn-; 7kE'mAndl] n 1 person who commands 指挥官; 司令; 队长: * the commander of the expedition 探险队队长. 2 (Brit) (a) officer in the British Navy immediately below the rank of captain 海军中校. =>App 9 见附录9. (b) officer of high rank in London's Metropolitan Police （伦敦警务处的）高级警官. 复合： com,mander-in-`chief n (pl commanders-in-chief) commander of all the armed forces of a country 总司令.

commandment
[kE'ma:ndmEnt; - -'mAnd-; kE'mAnd-mEnt] n (a) (fml 文) command; order 戒律; 命令: * obeying God's commandments 恪守上帝的戒律. (b) Commandment (in the Bible) any of the ten laws given by God to Moses （《圣经》中）上帝给摩西的十诫之一: * the Ten Commandments 十诫.

commando
[kE'ma:ndEu; - -'mAn-; kE'mAndo] n (pl ~s or ~es) (member of a) group of soldiers specially trained for carrying out quick raids in enemy areas 突击队（员）.

commemorate
[kE'memEreit; kE'memE7ret] v [Tn] (a) keep (a great person, event, etc) in people's memories 纪念（伟人、 大事件等）: * We commemorate the founding of our nation with a public holiday. 我们放假一日以庆祝国庆. (b) (of a statue, monument, etc) be a reminder of (sb/sth) （指雕像、 纪念碑等）作为对（某人[某事物]）的纪念: * This memorial commemorates those who died in the war. 这座纪念碑是纪念战争中牺牲者的. 派生： commemoration/kE7memE'reiFn; kE7memE'reFEn] n [C, U] (act of or ceremony for) commemorating 纪念; 庆祝; 纪念仪式: * a statue in commemoration of a national hero 纪念民族英雄的雕像. commemorative/kE'memErEtiv; - -'memEreit-; kE'memEretiv] adj helping to commemorate （有助於）纪念的: * commemorative stamps, medals, etc 纪念邮票、 奖章等.

commence
[kE'mens; kE'mens] v [I, Tn, Tg] (fml 文) begin (sth); start 开始（某事物）: * Shall we commence (the ceremony)? 开始（举行仪式）好吗? * After grace had been said, we commenced eating. 我们做过感恩祷告後就开始吃饭. 派生： commencement n [U, C usu sing 通常作单数] 1 (fml 文) beginning 开始. 2 (esp US) ceremony at which academic degrees are officially given 学位颁授典礼.

commend
[kE'mend; kE'mend] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] (a) ~ sb (on/for sth); ~ sb/sth (to sb) speak favourably to or of sb/sth; praise sb/sth 表扬某人[某事物]; 称赞某人[某事物]: * Her teaching was highly commended. 她的教学工作受到高度赞扬. * I commended the chef on the excellent meal. I later wrote to commend him to his employer, the restaurant owner. 我称赞厨师做的菜味道好. 随後我给雇用他的餐馆老板写了封信表扬他. (b) ~ sb/sth (to sb) (fml 文) recommend sb/sth 推荐某人[某事物]: * That's excellent advice; I commend it to you, ie suggest that you accept it. 那意见极好, 我把它推荐给你. 2 [Tn.pr] ~ oneself/itself to sb (fml 文) be acceptable to sb; be liked by sb 为某人所接受; 被某人喜爱: * Will this government proposal commend itself to the public? 政府的这项建议公众能欢迎吗? 3 [Tn.pr] ~ sth to sb (fml 文) give sth to sb so that it will be kept safe; entrust sth to sb 将某物托付给某人保管; 将某事物委托给某人: * commend one's soul to God 把自己的灵魂托付给上帝. 派生： commendable[-Ebl; -Ebl] adj deserving praise (even if perhaps not completely successful) 值得称赞的（即使并非完全成功）. commendably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv. commendation[7kCmen'deiFn; 7kamEn'deFEn] n (a) [U] praise; approval 称赞; 赞成. (b) [C] ~ (for sth) (award involving the) giving of special praise 表扬; 奖状; 奖励: * a commendation for bravery 因勇敢而受奖 * Her painting won a commendation from the teacher. 她的画博得老师的赞扬.

commensurate
[kE'menFErEt; kE'menFErit] adj~(to/with sth) (fml 文) in the right proportion (to sth); appropriate （与某事物）成比例的, 适当的, 相称的: * Her low salary is not commensurate with her abilities. 她的薪水很低, 与她的能力不相称.

comment
[5kCment; 5kament] n 1 [C, U] ~ (on sth) written or spoken remark giving an opinion on, explaining or criticizing (an event, a person, a situation, etc) 意见; 解释; 评论; 批评: * Have you any comment(s) to make on the recent developments? 你对最近的事态发展有什麽评论吗? * The scandal caused a lot of comment, ie of talk, gossip, etc. 这件丑闻遭到很多议论. 2 (idm 习语) ,no `comment (said in reply to a question) I have nothing to say about that （回答问题时所说）无可奉告: * `Will you resign, Minister?’ `No comment!'‘部长, 你是要辞职吗?’‘无可奉告.’ 派生： comment v [I, Ipr, Tf] ~ (on sth) make comments; give one's opinion 评论; 发表意见: Asked about the date of the election, the Prime Minister commented that no decision had yet been made. 首相对询问选举日期一事称尚未作出决定.

commentary
[5kCmEntri; - -teri; 5kamEn7teri] n 1 [C, U] ~ (on/of sth) spoken description of an event asit happens 实况报道; 现场解说: * a broadcast commentaryof a football match 足球赛实况的广播报道. 2 [C] ~ (on sth) set of explanatory notes on a book, etc （对书等的）集注: * a Bible commentary 《圣经》集注.

commentate
[5kCmenteit; 5kamEn7tet] v [I, Ipr] ~ (on sth) (a) describe, esp on TV or radio, an event as it happens 实况报道（尤指电视或无线电广播）: * commentate on an athletics meeting 运动会实况报道. (b) (usu not in the continuous tenses 通常不用於进行时态) do this regularly, as a job 作（实况报道的）解说员. 派生： commentator[5kCmenteitE(r); 5kamEn7tetl] n ~ (on sth) 1 person who commentates （实况报道的）解说员. 2 person who comments 评论员: * an informed commentator on political events 消息灵通的政治评论员. 3 writer of a commentary(2) 集注的作者.

commerce
[5kCmE:s; 5kamEs] n [U] trade (esp between countries); buying and selling of goods 商业; （尤指国际间的）贸易: * We must promote commerce with neighbouring countries. 我们必须促进与邻国的贸易.

commercial
[kE'mE:Fl; kE'mEFEl] adj 1 (a) of or for commerce 商业的; 贸易的: * commercial law, activity, art 商业的法规、 活动、 技巧. (b) [usu attrib 通常作定语] of business practices and activities generally 商务的: * doing a commercial course at the local college 在本地学院学商科. 2 (a) [attrib 作定语] from the point of view of profit 从营利角度出发的: * The play was a commercial success, ie made money. 这出戏从营利角度看, 很成功（赚钱）. (b) making or intended to make a profit 营利的; 以获利为目的的: * commercial theatre, music, etc 以获利为目的的剧院、 音乐等 * Oil is present in commercial quantities, ie There is enough to make extraction profitable. 石油的储量有商业开采价值. * Her novels are well written and commercial as well. 她的小说写得好, 销路也广. 3 (of TV or radio) financed by broadcast advertisements （指电视或无线电广播）靠广告收入的, 商业性的: * I work for a commercial radio station. 我在商业广播电台工作. 派生： commercial n advertisement on TV or radio （电视或无线电中的）广告. commercialism/kE'mE:FElizEm; kE'mEFEl7izEm] n [U] (often derog 常作贬义) practices and attitudes concerned with the making of profit 商业主义; 营利主义: * excessive commercialism in the theatre 该戏院过分追求利润的经营方式. commercialize, -ise/kE'mE:-FElaiz; kE'mEFEl7aiz] v [Tn] (often derog 常作贬义) (try to) make money out of (sth) （试图）通过（某事物）赚钱; 商业化: * Sport has become much more commercialized in recent years. 体育运动近几年更加商业化了. commercially[-FEli; -FEli] adv: * Commercially, the play was a failure, though the critics loved it. 从营利角度看这出戏失败了, 然而评论家却很赞赏. 复合： com,mercial `traveller person who travels over a large area visiting shops, etc with samples of goods, trying to obtain orders 旅行推销员.

commercial1
com,mercial `vehicle van, lorry, etc for transporting goods 商用机动车commiserate /// /kE'mizEreit; kE'mizE7ret] v [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb) (on/over sth) (fml 文) feel, or say that one feels, sympathy 同情; 怜悯: * I commiserated with her on the loss of her job. 她失去了工作, 我很同情她. 派生： commiseration/kE7mizE'reiFn; kE7mizE'reFEn] n [C usu pl, U 作可数名词时通常作复数, 亦作不可数名词] ~ (on/over sth) (fml or joc 文或谑) (expression of) sympathy for sb （对某人表示的）同情（的言语）: * I expressed my commiserations on his misfortune. 我对他的不幸表示同情. * `I lost again.’ `Commiserations (ie I am sorry)!’ ‘我又赔钱了.’‘真遗憾! ’

commissar
[5kCmisa:(r); 7kamE'sar] n 1 (formerly) head of a government department in the USSR （旧时）人民委员（苏联政府的部长）. 2 (formerly) officer in the army of the USSR giving political instruction （旧时）政治委员（苏联军队中的）.

commission
[kE'miFn; kE'miFEn] n 1 [C] ~ (to do sth) action, task or piece of work given to sb to do （交付某人进行的）行动、 任务或工作; 委托: * She has received many commissions to design public buildings.她接受多项委托, 设计公共建 . 2 (often 常作 Commission) [C] (a) group of people authorized to carry out a task （受权执行任务的）委员会: * the Civil Service Commission, ie the body that selects staff for the Civil Service 公务员叙用委员会（遴选公务员的机构）. (b) ~ (on sth) group of people officially set up to make an inquiry and write a report 考查团; 调查团: * a Royal Commission on (ie reporting on) betting and gambling 由英王委派的赌博调查团. 3 [U] ~ (of sth) (fml 文) doing (sth wrong or illegal 做（坏事或不法的事）): * the commission of a crime 犯罪 * a sin of commission (ie actually doing sth wrong) rather than omission 违法罪（主动做坏事）而不是疏忽罪. 4 [C, U] payment to sb for selling goods which increases with the quantity of goods sold 佣金; 回扣; 酬劳金: * You get (a) 10% commission on everything you sell. 你可从售出的每种货物中得到10%佣金. * earn 2000 (in) commission 挣得2000英镑酬劳金 * She is working for us on commission, ie is not paid a salary. 她按挣回扣方式为我们工作（没有薪水）. 5 [C] (document signed by the monarch appointing sb to the) rank of an officer in the armed services （帝王签署授予某人的）军官资格（的委任状）: * He resigned his commission to take up a civilian job. 他辞去军职而从事平民工作. 6 (idm 习语) in/into com`mission (esp of a ship) in/into service （尤指船、 舰）在使用中, 服现役: * Some wartime vessels are still in commission. 有些战时的军舰仍在服役. ,out of com`mission (a) (esp of a ship) not in service （尤指船、 舰）不在使用中; 退出现役: * With several of their planes temporarily out of commission, the airline is losing money. 航空公司因有几架飞机暂时不能使用而正在赔钱. (commission1 /// (fig 比喻) not available; not working 不能得到; 不工作: * I got flu and was out of commission for a week. 我得了流感,一星期没工作. 派生： commission v 1 (a) [Tn, Dn.t] give a commission(1) to (sb) 交付（某人）任务或工作; 委托: commission an artist to paint a picture 委托画家画一幅画. (b) [Tn] give sb the job of making (sth) 交付某人制作（某物）的工作: He commissioned a statue of his wife. 他请人制作他妻子的雕像. 2 [usu passive 通常用於被动语态: Tn, Cn.n, Cn.n/a] ~ sb as sth appoint sb officially by means of a commission (5) 正式授予某人军官资格（的委任状）: She was commissioned (as a) lieutenant in the Women's Army Corps. 她被委任为陆军妇女队的中尉. 3 [Tn] bring (machinery, equipment, etc) into operation 使（机器、 设备等）开始使用: The nuclear plant now being built is expected to be commissioned in five years' time. 正在建造的核电站预计在五年後投产. 复合： com,missioned `officer officer in the armed forces who holds a commission （持有委任状的）军官.

commissionaire
[kE7miFE'neE(r); kE7miFEn'er] n (esp Brit) uniformed attendant at the entrance to a cinema, theatre, hotel, etc who opens the door for people, finds them taxis, etc. （穿制服的）看门人（在电影院、 剧场、 旅馆等的入口, 为人开门、 叫计程车等）.

commissioner
[kE'miFEnE(r); kE'miFEnl] n 1 (usu 通常作 Commissioner) member of a commission, esp one with particular duties 委员（尤指有某职责的）; 长官: * the Commissioners of Inland Revenue, ie those who are in charge of tax collection in Britain 税务局长（负责英国税务的） * the Civil Service Commissioners, ie those who conduct Civil Service examinations in Britain 公务员叙用委员会委员（负责英国文官考试的）. 2 public official of high rank 高级公共事务官员: * The London police force is headed by a commissioner. 伦敦警察由局长领导. * In British India, district commissioners had judicial powers. 在过去的英属印度, 地区长官有审判权. 复合： Com,missioner for `Oaths (Brit) solicitor with special authority, to whom people can swear oaths relating to legal documents 宣誓公证人（有权为他人的宣誓作证的律师）.

commit
[kE'mit; kE'mit] v (-tt-) 1 [Tn] do (sth illegal, wrong or foolish) 做（不合法的、 错的或愚蠢的事）; 犯: * commit murder, suicide, theft, a blunder, an unforgiveable error, etc 犯凶杀、 自杀、 偷窃、 大错、 不可原谅的错误等. 2 [Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth to sth give or transfer sb/sth to (a state or place) for safe keeping, treatment, etc 将某人[某事物]置於（某状态）或交与或转交（某处）保留、 处理等: * commit a man to prison, ie have him put in prison 把一男子送进监狱 * commit a patient to a mental hospital 把病人送进精神病院 * commit sth to paper/to writing, ie write sth down 把某事写下来 * The body was committed to the flames, ie was burnt. 遗体被火化. * commit a list to memory, ie memorize it 记住一份名单. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.t] ~ sb/oneself (to sth/to doing sth) make it impossible for sb/oneself not to do sth, or to do sth else, esp because of a promise; pledge sb/oneself 使某人[自己]不能不做某事或不做另事（尤指因有承诺）; 向某人[自己]保证: * I can't come on Sunday: * I'm already committed, ie I've arranged to do sth else. 星期天我不能来, 我有事. * commit oneself to a course of action 决定采取一行动 * Signing this form commits you to buying the goods. 你签此表格後就一定要买这批货. * The company has committed funds to an advertising campaign. 公司已决定拨款作广告宣传. * This regiment is already committed to (ie It has been settled that it will fight on) the eastern front. 该团承担东线的战斗任务. * He has committed himself to support his brother's children. 他已答应抚养他弟弟的孩子. 4 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ oneself (on sth) give one's opinion openly so that it is difficult to change it 公开表明自己的意见（因而难以更改）: * I asked her what she thought, but she refused to commit herself. 我问她她是怎麽想的, 但她拒不表示意见. Cf 参看 non-committal.

commit1
5 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth) send sb to a higher court to be tried 将（某人）送交高一级法院受审: * The magistrates committed him for trial at the Old Bailey. 地方法官把他送往伦敦中央刑事法院受审. 派生： committal/kE'mitl; kE'mitl] n [U] action of committing (commit 2), esp to prison 交与; 转交; （尤指）入狱, 交押, 收监: * [attrib 作定语] At the committal proceedings the police withdrew their case. 警方在转交诉讼程序中撤销了案件. committed adj (usu approv 通常作褒义) devoted (to a cause, one's job, etc) （对事业、 本职工作等）尽忠的,坚定的: a committed Christian, doctor, teacher, communist虔诚的基督徒、 尽责的医生、 严师、 坚定的共产党员. Cf 参看 uncommitted. commitment n 1 [U] ~ (to sth) committing or being committed (commit 2): the commitment of a patient to a mental hospital 把病人送进精神病院 * the commitment of funds to medicine 对医学方面的拨款. 2 [C] ~ (to sth/to do sth) thing one has promised to do; pledge; undertaking 承诺; 允诺; 保证; 承担: I'm overworked at the moment I've taken on too many commitments. 我目前劳累过度--应承的事情太多了. * a commitment to pay 100 to charity 承担捐赠慈善事业100英镑的义务. 3 [U] (approv 褒) state of being dedicated or devoted (to sth) 致力, 献身（於某事物）:We're looking for someone with a real sense of commitmentto the job. 我们在寻求对此工作真正能尽职尽责的人.

committee
[kE'miti; kE'miti] n [CGp] group of people appointed (usu by a larger group) to deal with a particular matter （通常由较大团体所委派以处理某事务的）委员会: * be/sit on a committee 任委员会委员 * The committee has/have decided to dismiss him. 委员会已决定辞退他. * the transport committee 运输委员会 * This was discussed in committee, ie by the committee. 这事已经委员会讨论. * [attrib 作定语] a committee meeting, member, decision 委员会的会议、 成员、 决定.

commode
[kE'mEud; kE'mod] n 1 piece of bedroom furniture to hold a chamber-pot 便桶箱（放便桶的寝室家具）. 2 chest of drawers （有抽屉的）柜橱.

commodious
[kE'mEudiEs; kE'modiEs] adj (fml 文) having a lot of space available for use; roomy 宽敞的: * a commodious house, cupboard, suitcase 宽敞的房屋、 橱 柜、 手提箱.

commodity
[kE'mCdEti; kE'madEti] n 1 thing bought in a shop and put to use, esp in the home 商品; （尤指）日用品: * household commodities, eg pots and pans, cleaning materials, etc 家庭日用品 * (fig 比喻) I lead a very busy life, so spare time is a very precious commodity to me. 我的生活非常忙, 空馀时间对我来说是非常珍贵的. 2 (finance 财) article, product or material that is exchanged in (esp international) trade 商品; 货物; （尤指国际贸易中的）物品、 产品或材料: * Trading in commodities was brisk. 商品交易兴旺. * [attrib 作定语] the commodity/commodities market 商品市场.

commodore
[5kCmEdC:(r); 5kamE7dCr] n 1 officer in the British Navy between the ranks of captain and rear-admiral （英国海军的）准将. =>App 9 见附录9. 2 president of a yacht club （游艇俱乐部的）主席. 3 senior captain of a shipping line （航运公司的）资深船长: * the commodore of the Cunard Line 丘纳德航运公司的资深船长.

common
1[5kCmEn; 5kamEn] adj 1 usual or familiar; happening or found often and in many places 普通的; 通常的; 常见的: * a common flower, sight, event 普通的花、 风景、 事件 * the common cold 感冒 * Is this word in common use? ie Is it commonly used? 这个词常用吗? * Robbery is not common in this area. 这个地区劫案不常见. * Pine trees are common throughout the world. 松树在世界各处都很常见. Cf 参看 uncommon. 2 [attrib 作定语] ~ (to sb/sth) shared by, belonging to, done by or affecting two or more people, or most of a group or society 共有的; 共同做的; 共同受到的: * common property, ownership 共有的财产、 所有权 * We share a common purpose. 我们有共同的目标. * He and I have a common interest: * we both collect stamps. 我和他有共同的爱好, 我们都集邮. * He is French, she is German, but they have English as a common language, ie they can both speak English. 他是法国人, 她是德国人, 但他们以英语作为共同的语言. * measures taken for the common good, ie for the benefit of everyone 为了共同的利益而采取的措施 * A fruity quality is common to all wine made from this grape. 用这种葡萄酿制的所有的葡萄酒有共同的醇味. 3 [attrib 作定语] without special rank or quality; ordinary 一般的, 平常的（没有特殊的级别或特性）: * He's not an officer, but a common soldier. 他不是军官而是普通士兵. * the common people, ie the average citizens of a country 老百姓 * common salt 食盐. 4 (infml derog 口, 贬) (of people, their behaviour and belongings) (typical) of the lower classes of society, showing a lack of taste and refinement; vulgar （指人、 其行为及所有物）（典型的）下层社会的, 低级趣味的, 庸俗的, 粗俗的: * common manners, accents, clothes 粗鄙的举止、 口音、 衣物 * She's so common, shouting like that so all the neighbours can hear! 她非常粗俗, 大喊大叫, 周围的人都能听到!

common1
5 (mathematics 数) belonging to two or more quantities 公共的: * a common denominator/factor/multiple 公分母[公因子/公倍数]. 6 (idm 习语) be common/public knowledge => knowledge. (as) ,common as `dirt/`muck (infml derog 口, 贬) (of people) very common1(4) （指人）极庸俗的. ,common or `garden ordinary; not unusual 平常的; 普通的: * It isn't a rare bird, just a common or garden sparrow. 那不是稀有的鸟, 只不过是普通的麻雀. the ,common `touch ability (esp of sb of high rank) to deal with and talk to ordinary people in a friendly way and without condescension 平易近人的美德（尤指居高位的）: * A politician needs the common touch. 政治家需要有平易近人的美德. ,make common `cause (with sb) (fml 文) unite to pursue a shared objective 联合起来追求共同的目标: * The rebel factions made common cause (with each other) to overthrow the regime. 各造反派（彼此）联合起来共同推翻政府. 派生： commonly adv 1 usually; very often 通常地; 常常地: That very commonly happens. 那种事常常发生. * Thomas, commonly known as Tom. 托马斯, 通常称为汤姆. 2 (infml derog 口, 贬) in a common1(4) manner 庸俗地. 复合： ,common `decency polite behaviour to be expected from a reasonable person 普通礼貌: You'd think he'd have the common decency to apologize for what he said. 你还以为他懂礼貌, 会为他说的话道歉. ,common `ground [U] shared opinions, interests, aims, etc 共同的意见、 利益、 目标等: The two rival parties have no common ground between them. 这两个敌对的党派之间没有共同点. `common land [U] land that belongs to or may be used by the community, esp in a village 公地（为地区全体居民, 尤指村庄, 所有并使用的土地）. Cf 参看 common2. ,common `law [U] (in England) law developed from old customs and from decisions made by judges, ie not created by Parliament （英国的）普通法, 习惯法（由古老习俗或由法官判例演变而来的法律, 即非由国会制定者）. Cf 参看 case law

common2
(ecase1), statute law (statute). ,common-law `wife, ,common-law husband person with whom a man or woman has lived for some time and who is recognized as a wife or husband under common law, without a formal marriage ceremony 按普通法结合的妻子、 丈夫（未举行正式婚礼, 男女已同居一定时间, 为普通法认可者）. the ,Common `Market (also the European EconomicCommunity) economic association, established in 1958, and now including Belgium, Britain, Denmark, France, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain and Germany, whose members give each other mutual trading advantages 共同市场（又名欧洲经济共同体）. ,common `noun (grammar) word that can refer to any member of a class of similar things (eg book or knife) 普通名词（可以指同类事物其中之一的词, 如 book、 knife）. `common-room n room for use of the teachers or students of a school, college, etc when they are not in class （教师或学生的）公共休息室. ,common `sense practical good sense gained from experience of life, not by special study 常识; 情理: [attrib 作定语] I like her common-sense approach to everyday problems. 我喜欢她在处理日常问题上通情达理的方法. ,common `time (music 音) two or four beats (esp four crotchets) in a bar 普通拍子（每小节两拍或四拍, 尤指四个四分音符）.

commoner
[5kCmEnE(r); 5kamEnl] n one of the common people, not a member of the nobility 平民（非贵族）. Cf 参看 aristocrat, nobleman (noble).

commonplace
[5kCmEnpleis; 5kamEn7ples] adj (often derog 常作贬义) ordinary; not interesting 平常的; 平凡的; 寻常的; 不引起兴趣的: * He's not at all exciting, in fact he's really rather commonplace. 他毫不出奇, 实际上平庸得很. 派生： commonplace n 1 remark, etc that is ordinary or unoriginal; truism （平淡的或无见地的）言语; 陈词滥调; 老生常谈: a conversation full of mere commonplaces * He uttered a few commonplaces about peace and democracy. 他泛泛地谈了几句关於和平与民主的话. 2 event, topic, etc that is ordinary or usual （普通的或寻常的）事情、 主题等: Air travel is a commonplace nowadays. 现在坐飞机是平常事.

commonwealth
[5kCmEnwelW; 5kamEn7welW] n 1 [C] (a) independent State or community 独立的国家或团体、 集体: * measures for the good of the commonwealth 有利於集体的措施. (b) group of States that have chosen to be politically linked （政治上相结合的国家组成的）集团: * the Commonwealth of Australia 澳大利亚联邦. 2 the Commonwealth [sing] the association consisting of the UK and various independent States (previously subject to Britain) and dependencies 英联邦（由联合王国及原所辖的自治省和属地组成的联邦）.

commotion
[kE'mEuFn; kE'moFEn] n [U, C] (instance of) noisy confusion or excitement 嘈杂混乱; 骚动不安; 骚扰; 暴乱: * The children are making a lot of commotion. 孩子们闹作一团. * Suddenly, there was a great commotion next door. 突然隔壁发生了巨大的骚乱.

communal
[5kCmjunl, kE'mju:nl; 5kamjunl] adj 1 (a) for the use of all; shared 全体共用的; 分享的: * communal land, facilities 共用的土地、 设施 * The flat has four separate bedrooms and a communal kitchen. 这个单元有四间卧室和一间共用的厨房. (b) of or for a community 集体的; 为集体的: * communal life, work 集体的生活、 工作. 2 between different groups in a community （集体中的）各个小群体之间的: * communal strife, disturbances, etc 派别间的冲突、 纷争等 * communal riots between religious sects 不同教派之间的暴力冲突. > communally adv.

commune
1[kE'mju:n; kE'mjun] v [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (with sb/sth); ~ (together) talk to sb intimately; feel close to sb/sth 与某人亲密地交谈; 与某人[某事物]亲近: * commune with one's friends 和朋友亲密谈心 * commune with God in prayer 祈祷时与上帝作灵的沟通 * walking in the woods, communing with nature 在林中散步, 沉浸於大自然中 * friends communing together 在一起亲密交谈的朋友 .

communicable
[kE'mju:nikEbl; kE'mjunikEbl] adj that can be communicated or transmitted 可传染的; 可传送的: * complex ideas not easily communicable to non-experts 对非专业人员不易说清楚的复杂想法 * a communicable disease 传染病.

communicant
[kE'mju:nikEnt; kE'mjunikEnt] n 1 person who receives Communion, esp regularly 领受圣餐者（尤指经常领受者）. 2 (fml 文) person who gives information; informer 提供情况的人; 告发者; 检举人; 报信人.

communicate
[kE'mju:nikeit; kE'mjunE7ket] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sb/sth) (a) make sth known; convey sth 使某事物被人知晓; 传送某事物: * This poem communicates the author's despair. 这首诗流露出作者的绝望心情. * The officer communicated his orders to the men by radio. 军官用无线电向士兵下达命令. (b) pass on sth; transmit sth 传递某事物; 传播: * communicate a disease 传播疾病. 2 (a) [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb) exchange information, news, ideas, etc 交流情况、 交换消息、 交流思想等: * The police communicate (with each other) by radio. 警察通过无线电（互相）联络. (b) [I] convey one's ideas, feelings, etc clearly to others 将想法感情等清楚地传达给别人: * A politician must be able to communicate. 政治家必须善於表达自己的观点. 3 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) be connected 被联系; 被联接; 被沟通: * My garden communicates with the one next door by means of a gate. 我的花园有道门与邻家的相通 * communicating rooms, ie rooms with a connecting door 通间（带通门的房间）.

communication
[kE7mju:ni'keiFn; kE7mjunE'keFEn] n 1 [U] act of communicating(1b, 2a, 2b) 传递; 传播; 交流; 交换; 传达; 表达; 传意; 通信; 通讯; 联络: * the communication of disease 疾病的传染 * Being deaf and dumb makes communication very difficult. 又聋又哑很难与人交往. 2 [C] (usu fml 通常作文雅语) thing that is communicated; message （被传递的）事物; 信息; 消息: * to receive a secret communication 得到一个秘密消息. 3 [U] (also communications [pl]) means of communicating, eg roads, railways, telephone and telegraph lines between places, or radio and TV 交流的方式方法或工具（如公路、 铁路、 电话及两地间的电报线路或无线电、 电视等）: * Telephone communications between the two cities have been restored. 两城市间的电话联系已经恢复. * The heavy snow has prevented all communication with the highlands. 大雪阻断了与高地之间的一切联系. * [attrib 作定语] a communication satellite, link, etc 通讯卫星、 通讯线路等 * a world communications network 环球通讯网. 4 (idm 习语) be in communication with sb exchange information regularly with sb, usu by letter or telephone 经常与某人互通情况（通常为通过书信或电话）. 复合： communi`cation cord cord that passes along the length of a train inside the coaches, and that passengers can pull to stop the train in an emergency （火车车厢内供乘客紧急制动时拉的）警报索.

communicative
[kE'mju:nikEtiv; - -keitiv; kE'mjunE-7ketiv] adj ready and willing to talk and give information 愿意交谈并提供信息的: * I don't find Peter very communicative. 我觉得彼得很不爱说话. Cf 参看 reserved.

communion
[kE'mju:niEn; kE'mjunjEn] n 1 Communion[U] (also Holy Communion) (in the Christian Church) celebration of the Lord's Supper （基督教教会的）圣餐仪式: * go to Communion, ie attend church for this celebration 领圣餐（去教堂参加此仪式） * [attrib 作定语] Communion wine 圣餐酒. Cf 参看 eucharist. 2 [C] group of people with the same religious beliefs 教会; 教派: * We belong to the same communion. 我们属於同一教会. 3 [U] ~ (with sb/sth) (fml 文) state of sharing or exchanging the same thoughts or feelings 思想感情相同或交融: * poets who are in communion with nature 与大自然情感交融的诗人.

communique
[kE'mju:nikei; - kE7mju:nE'kei; kE7mjunE'ke] n official announcement, esp to the press 官方公报（尤指对新闻界发布的）: * A government communique, issued this morning, states that... 今晨发布的政府公报宣称....

communism
[5kCmjunizEm; 5kamju7nizEm] n [U] 1 social and economic system in which there is no private ownership and the means of production belong to all members of society 共产主义. 2 Communism (a) political doctrine or movement that aims to establish such a society 共产主义学说; 共产主义运动. (b) system of government by a ruling Communist Party 共产主义制度. 派生： communist[5kCmjunist; 5kamjunist] n 1 supporter of communism 共产主义者. 2 Communist member of a Communist party or movement 共产党员; 共产主义运动的成员. adj characterized by, supporting or relating to communism 共产主义的: * have communist ideals 有共产主义理想 * a Communist country, government, regime, etc 共产主义的国家、 政府、 政权等. communistic[7kCmju'nistik; 7kamju'nistik] adj. 复合： the `Communist Party 1 political party supporting Communism 共产党. 2 (in Communist countries) single official ruling party of the State （共产主义国家的）单一执政党.

community
[kE'mju:nEti; kE'mjunEti] n 1 the community [sing] the people living in one place, district or country, considered as a whole 社区; 团体; 集体; 社会: * work for the good of the community 为集体利益服务 * [attrib 作定语] community service 社会服务工作 2 [CGp] group of people of the same religion, race, occupation, etc, or with shared interests 宗教信仰、 种族、 职业等方面相同的人构成的集体; 有共同利益的集体: * the British community in Paris 在巴黎的英国侨民团体 * a community of monks, ie a group of the same order living together 僧侣团体. 3 [U] condition of sharing, having things in common, being alike in some way 共享, 共有; 共同; 相同: * community of interests 利益的一致 * [attrib 作定语] a community spirit, ie a feeling of sharing the same attitudes, interests, etc 集体精神. 复合： com`munity centre place where the people of aneighbourhood can meet for sporting activities, educationclasses, social occasions, etc 社区活动中心. com`munity chest (US) fund for helping local people in financial need 社区福利基金. com`munity home (Brit) centre where young offenders are kept for training, before their release 失足青少年教养所. com`munity singing organized singing in which all present may take part （在场的人都参加的）大合唱.

commutator
[5kCmju:teitE(r); 5kamju7tetl] n device for altering the direction of an electric current 整流器; 换向器.

commute
[kE'mju:t; kE'mjut] v 1 [I, Ipr, Ip] travel regularly by bus, train or car between one's place of work (usu in a city) and one's home (usu at a distance) 通勤（乘汽车或火车经常往返於市区工作处与郊区住所之间）: * She commutes from Oxford to London every day. 她每天通勤於牛津和伦敦之间. * She lives in Oxford and commutes (in). 她住在牛津而通勤来往. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sth) replace (one punishment) by another that is less severe 减（刑）: * commute a death sentence (to one of life imprisonment) 将死刑减刑（改为无期徒刑） * She was given a commuted sentence. 她获减刑判决. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (for/into sth) change sth, esp one form of payment, for or into sth else 改变某事物（尤指付款方式）: * commute one's pension 改变退休金的付款方式 * commute an annuity into a lump sum 将年金改为一次性总付款. 派生： commutable/kE'mju:tEbl; kE'mjutEbl] adj ~ (for/into sth) that can be made, paid, etc in a different form 可用不同方式制造、 偿付等的: * A pension is often commutable into a lump sum. 养老金常可改为一次性总付款. commutation[7kCmju:'teiFn; 7kamju'teFEn] n 1 [C, U] replacement of one punishment by another that is less severe 减刑: * He appealed for (a) commutation of the death sentence to life imprisonment. 他已上诉请求将死刑减为无期徒刑. 2 (a) [U] replacing one method of payment by another, eg a lump sum instead of a pension 变换付款方法（如以一次性总付款代替年金）. (b) [C] payment made in this way 以上述方式付的款. commu`tation ticket (US) bus or train ticket valid for a fixed number of trips during a given period of time （公共汽车或火车的）长期车票. Cf 参看 season ticket (season). commuter n person who commutes (commute 1) 通勤者: The five o'clock train is always packed with commuters. 五点钟那趟车总是挤满了通勤者.

commute1
* [attrib 作定语] the commuter belt, ie the area around a large city, from which people commute to work 通勤者居住带（环绕在大城市周围的通勤者居住区）.

compact
1[kEm'pAkt; kEm'pAkt] adj 1 (a) closely packed together 装填紧密的: * a compact mass of sand 坚实的沙堆 * Stamp the soil down so that it's compact. 把泥土踩结实. (b) neatly fitted in a small space （在一个小空间里）整齐填满的: * a compact flat, car, kit 小型的单元、 汽车、 箱子等 * The computer looks compact and functional. 这个计算机看起来小巧而实用. 2 (of literary style) condensed; concise （指文体）简洁的, 紧凑的. 派生： compact v [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] press (sth) firmly together 将（某物）紧压在一起: The compacted snow on the pavement turned to ice. 人行道上被踩实的雪已变成了冰. compactly adv. compactness n [U]. 复合： com,pact `disc/also 7kCmpkt 'disk; 7kampAkt'disk] small disc for reproducing recorded sound by laser action 激光唱片.

companion
way

company
[5kQmpEni; 5kQmpEni] n 1 [U] being together with another or others 陪伴; 与他人在一起: * I enjoy his company, ie I like being with him. 我喜欢和他在一起. * be good, bad, etc company, ie be pleasant, unpleasant, etc to be with 令人愉快、 不快等的伙伴. 2 [U] group of people together; number of guests 一群人; 一伙; 客人; 来宾: * She told the assembled company what had happened. 她把发生的事告诉了聚会的人. * We're expecting company (ie guests, visitors) next week. 我们下星期有客来访. 3 (often 常作 Company) [CGp] group of people united for business or commercial purposes 公司; 商行: * a manufacturing company 制造公司. Cf 参看 firm 2. 4 [CGp] group of people working together 同事; 同仁: * a company of players, ie a number of actors regularly performing together 演出团（常在一起演出的演员） * a theatrical company 剧团 * the ship's company, ie the crew 全体船员. 5 [CGp] subdivision of an infantry battalion, usu commanded by a captain or a major 连队（步兵的营以下的单位, 通常由上尉或少校指挥）. 6 (idm 习语) the `company one keeps the type of people with whom one spends one's time 经常与之为伍的人; 伙伴: * (saying 谚) You may know a man by the company he keeps, ie judge his character by his friends. 观其友则知其人. for company as a companion 作伴; 一起: * I hate going out alone: * I take my daughter for company. 我不愿独自一人出门, 带女儿作个伴. get into/keep bad `company associate with undesirable people 与坏人交往. in company in the presence of others 当着别人的面: * It's bad manners to whisper in company. 当着别人窃窃私语是不礼貌的行为. in company with sb together with sb 和某人一起: * I, in company with many others, feel this decision was wrong. 我, 还有许多人, 都觉得这个决定是错误的. in good `company doing the same as other, better people do 与他人、 比自己强的人做得一样:

company1
* `I'm late again!’ `Well, you're in good company. The boss isn't here yet.’ ‘我又迟到了!’‘没关系, 有跟你做伴儿的. 老板还没来呢.’ keep sb company remain with sb so that he is not alone 陪伴某人; 给某人做伴: * I'll stay here andkeep you company. 我留下陪你. part company => part2.present company excepted => present1. two's company (, three's a crowd) (saying 谚) (used esp of people in love) it is better for two people to be alone with each other and without others present （尤指恋人）两人为伴（叁人添乱）. best. 他的工作可与最优秀的相比.

comparable
[5kCmpErEbl; 5kampErEbl] adj ~ (to/with sb/sth) able or suitable to be compared 可比较的; 适合相比的: * The achievements of an athlete and a writer are not comparable. 运动员的成就与作家的成就不能相提并论. * His work is comparable with the very best. 他的工作可与最优秀的相比.

comparative
[kEm'pArEtiv; kEm'pArEtiv] adj 1 involving comparison or comparing 比较的; 相比的: * comparative linguistics, religion, etc 比较语言学、 宗教等 * a comparative study of the social systems of two countries, ie one that analyses the similarities and differences between them 两国社会制度的比较研究. 2 measured or judged by comparing; relative 经比较而衡量或判断的; 相对的; 比较而言的: * living in comparative comfort, eg compared with others, or with one's own life at an earlier period 生活比较舒适（如与他人或与自己以前相比） * In a poor country, owning a bicycle is a sign of comparative wealth. 在贫穷的国家里, 有辆自行车就是比较富裕的象徵. 3 (grammar) (of adjectives and adverbs) expressing a greater degree or `more', eg better, worse, slower, more difficult （指形容词和副词）比较级的（如 better、worse、slower、more difficult）. Cf 参看 superlative 2. 派生： comparative n (grammar) form of adjectives and adverbs that expresses a greater degree （形容词和副词的）比较级形式: `Better' is the comparative of `good'. better是good的比较级. comparatively adv as compared to sth or sb else 比较地: comparatively wealthy, small, good, old 比较富裕的、 小的、 好的、 老的.

compare
[kEm'peE(r); kEm'per] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ A and B; ~ A with/to B examine people or things to see how they are alike and how they are different 比较: * Compare (the style of) the two poems. 将这两首诗（的风格）加以比较. * If you compare her work with his/If you compare their work, you'll find hers is much better. 要是把他俩的工作比较一下, 就会发现她的好得多. Cf 参看 cf, cp abbrs 缩写. 2 [Tn.pr] ~ A to B show the likeness between sb/sth and sb/sth else 显示某人[某事物]与他人[他事物]相同: * Poets have compared sleep to death. 诗人把睡眠比作死亡. * A beginner's painting can't be compared to that of an expert, ie is very different in quality. 初学者的画不能与专家的相比（水平极不相同）. 3 [Ipr] ~ with sb/sth be compared with or be worthy to be compared with sb/sth 和某人[某事物]相比或值得相比: * This cannot compare with that, ie No comparison is possible because they are so different. 这个无法与那个相比（因二者相去甚远, 不能相比）. * He cannot compare with (ie is not nearly as great as) Shakespeare as a writer of tragedies. 在悲剧写作方面他根本不能与莎士比亚相比. 4 [Tn] (grammar) form the comparative and superlative degrees of (an adjective or adverb) 构成（形容词或副词的）比较级和最高级. 5 (idm 习语) compare `notes (with sb) exchange ideas or opinions 交换意见、 观点、 看法: * We saw the play separately and compared notes afterwards. 我们各自看了那出戏, 後来交换了意见. 派生： compare n (idm 习语) beyond com`pare (fml 文) to such an extent that no comparison can be made with anything or anyone else 无可比拟; 举世无双; 绝伦; 绝顶: She is lovely beyond compare. 她真是可爱得无与伦比.

comparison
[kEm'pArisn; kEm'pArEsn] n 1 [U] comparing 比较: * He showed us a good tyre for comparison (with the worn one). 他给我们看一个好轮胎（与磨损的）作比较. 2 [C] ~ (of A and/to/with B); ~ (between A and B) act of comparing 相比; 对比; 对照: * the comparison of the heart to/with a pump 把心脏比作唧筒 * It is often useful to make a comparison between two things. 将两件事物相比较往往是有益的. 3 (idm 习语) bear/stand comparison with sb/sth be able to be compared favourably with sb/sth 比得上某人[某事物]; 不亚於某人[某事物]: * That's a good dictionary, but it doesn't bear comparison with this one. 那是本好词典, 但比不上这本. by/in comparison (with sb/sth) when compared 相比之下; 比较起来: * The tallest buildings in London are small in comparison with those in New York. 伦敦最高的建 物与纽约的一比就矮了. comparisons are odious (saying 谚) people and things should be judged on their own merits and not measured against sb/sth else 人和事物应以本身的好坏来衡量, 不应以他人[他事物]作尺度; 人比人, 气死人. there's no com`parison (used to emphasize the difference between two people or things being compared 用以强调相比较的两人之间或两事物之间的差别): * `Is he as good as her at chess?’ `There's no comparison', ie She is much better. ‘他下棋也像她下得一样好吗?’‘根本不能比（她下得好得多）.’

compartment
[kEm'pa:tmEnt; kEm'partmEnt] n any of the sections into which a larger area or enclosed space, esp a railway carriage, is divided 隔间（尤指火车车厢中的）; 车室: * The first-class compartments are in front. 头等车室在前面. * a case with separate compartments for shoes, jewellery, etc 分格存放鞋、 珠宝等的箱子. 派生： compartmentalize, -ise[-'mentElaiz; -'mentl7aiz] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (into sth) divide sth into compartments or categories 将某事物分成隔间或部分: * Life today is compartmentalized into work and leisure. 现今生活分成工作和闲暇两部分.

compass
1[5kQmpEs; 5kQmpEs] n 1 [C] (a) (also magnetic compass) device for finding direction, with a needle that points to magnetic north 指南针; 罗盘; 罗经: * the points of the compass, ie N, NE, E, SE, S, SW, W, NW, etc 罗经上的方位（北、 东北、 东、 东南、 南、 西南、 西、 西北等）. (b) similar device for determining direction （指示方向的）类似装置: * a radio compass 无线电罗经. 2 [C] (also compasses [pl]) V-shaped instrument with two legs joined by a hinge, used for drawing circles, measuring distances on a map or chart, etc 圆规; 两脚规: * a pair of compasses 一只圆规. =>illus 见插图. 3 [U] scope; range 界线; 范围: * beyond the compass of the human mind 超出人类智力范围 * the compass of a singer's voice, ie the range from the lowest to the highest note that he or she can reach 歌手的音域.

compassion
[kEm'pAFn; kEm'pAFEn] n [U] ~ (for sb) pity for the sufferings of others, making one want to help them 同情; 怜悯: * be filled with compassion 充满怜悯 * a woman of great compassion 富有同情心的女子 * The plight of the refugees arouses our compassion. 难民的困苦引起我们的同情. * Out of (ie Because of) compassion for her terrible suffering they allowed her to stay. 他们因为同情她的悲惨遭遇而准许她居留. * They took compassion on her children and offered them a home. 他们因可怜她的孩子而给他们提供了住处. 派生： compassionate/kEm'pAFEnEt; kEm'pAFEnit] adj showing or feeling compassion 表示怜悯的; 有同情心的. compassionately adv. compassionate leave (Brit) leave2(1) granted (eg to a member of the armed forces) because of some special personal circumstance 特殊私事假（如准予军人的）: * She was allowed compassionate leave from work to attend her father's funeral. 她获准丧假为父亲送葬.

compatible
[kEm'pAtEbl; kEm'pAtEbl] adj ~ (with sb/sth) (a) (of people, ideas, arguments, principles, etc) suited; that can exist together （指人、 想法、 论点、 原则等）适合的; 适宜的; 能共存的; 符合的; 相容的: * The couple separated because they were not compatible. 这对夫妻因不合而分居. * driving a car at a speed compatible with safety, ie at a safe speed 以符合安全要求的速度驾驶. (b) (of equipment) that can be used together （指设备）可协同使用的, 兼容的: * This printer is compatible with most microcomputers. 这台打印机是与大多数微型电子计算机兼容的. 派生： compatibility/kEm7pAtE'bilEti; kEm7pAtE'bilEti] n [U] ~ (with sb/sth); ~ (between A and B) state of being compatible 适合; 共存; 符合; 相容. compatibly[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv.

compatriot
[kEm'pAtriEt; - -'peit-; kEm'petriEt] n person who was born in, or is a citizen of, the same country as another; fellow-countryman 同胞; 同国人.

compeer
[5kCmpiE(r); 5kampir] n (fml 文) person of equal status or ability （地位、 能力）相等的人; 同辈人; 同代人: * be much respected by one's compeers 备受同辈尊重.

compel
[kEm'pel; kEm'pel] v (-ll-) 1 [Cn.t] (fml 文) make (sb) do sth; force 使（某人）做某事; 强迫: * We cannot compel you to (do it), but we think you should. 我们不能强迫你（去做）, 但认为你应该做. * I was compelled to (ie I had to) acknowledge the force of his argument. 我不得不承认他的论据有力. Cf 参看 impel. 2 [Tn no passive 不用於被动语态] (fml 文) (a) get (sth) by force or pressure; make necessary 强夺、 强求（某物）; 强迫; 使必须: * You can compel obedience, but not affection. 可以逼人服从, 却无法逼人生爱. * Circumstances have compelled a change of plan. 因情况所迫, 计划已经改变. (b) (not in the continuous tenses 不用於进行时态) (fig 比喻) inspire (sth) irresistibly （不可抗拒地）激起, 激发（某事物）: * His courage compels universal admiration. 他的勇气不禁令人肃然起敬. 派生： compelling adj (a) extremely interesting and exciting, so that one has to pay attention 使人非注意不可的: a compelling novel, account, story, etc 引人入胜的小说、 报道、 故事等. (b) that one must accept or agree with 必须接受或同意的: a compelling reason, argument, etc 不得不同意的理由、 论点. Cf 参看 compulsion.

compendious
[kEm'pendiEs; kEm'pendiEs] adj (fml 文) giving a lot of information briefly 扼要的; 简要的; 简明的; 精练的; 简练的: * a compendious writer, handbook, catalogue 文笔简练的作家、 简明手册、 要目.

compendium
[kEm'pendiEm; kEm'pendiEm] n (pl ~s or -ia) ~ (of sth) 1 brief but full account; summary 简洁而全面的叙述; 摘要; 概要; 纲要: * This encyclopedia is truly a compendium of knowledge. 这部百科全书真正是知识宝库. 2 (Brit) set of different board games sold in one box （装在一个盒子里出售的）各种棋类游戏用具.

compensate
[5kCmpenseit; 5kampen7set] v [Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sb) for sth give (sb) sth good to balance or lessen the bad effect of damage, loss, injury, etc; recompense 补偿; 赔偿; 报偿; 报酬: * Nothing can compensate for the loss of one's health. 失去健康是无法补偿的. * The animal's good sense of smell compensates for its poor eyesight. 这动物嗅觉灵敏弥补了视力之不足. * She was compensated by the insurance company for her injuries. 她受伤後获得保险公司的赔偿. 派生： compensatory/ 9kCmpen5seItErI; ?@ kEm5pensE-tR:rI; kEm`pZnsE9tRrI] adj compensating 补偿的; 赔偿的; 报偿的; 报酬的: * compensatory payments 赔款.

compensation
[7kCmpen'seiFn; 7kampen'seFEn] n ~ (for sth) (a) [U] compensating 补偿; 赔偿; 报偿: * Compensation of injured workers has cost the company a lot. 公司花了一大笔钱赔偿受伤的工人. (b) [U, C] thing given to compensate 补偿或赔偿的物或款; 报酬: * receive 5000 in compensation/by way of compensation/as a compensation for injury 因受伤获5000英镑赔偿 * My job is hard, but it has its compensations, ie pleasant aspects that make it seem less bad. 我的工作虽苦, 但也有所补偿（有好的方面因而不觉得太苦）.

compere
[5kCmpeE(r); 5kamper] n (Brit) person who introduces the performers in a variety programme or game show, esp on radio or television （杂耍、 游戏等表演的）主持人（尤指广播或电视中的）. 派生： compere v [Tn] (Brit) act as a compere for (a show) 当（演出的）主持人.

compete
[kEm'pi:t; kEm'pit] v [I, Ipr, It] ~ (against/with sb) (in sth) (for sth) try to win sth by defeating others who are trying to do the same 竞争; 对抗; 比赛: * Several companies are competing (against/with each other) for the contract/to gain the contract. 几家公司正为争取一项合同而互相竞争. * a horse that has competed in the Grand National four times 参加过四次‘英国大赛马’的马 * We have limited funds and several competing claims, so it is hard to choose between them. 我们的基金有限而争相申请的却有几处, 因此难於做出决择.

competence
[5kCmpitEns; 5kampEtEns] n [U] 1 ~ (for/as/in sth); ~ (in doing sth/to do sth) being competent; ability 胜任; 能力; 称职: * No one doubts her competence as a teacher. 谁也不怀疑她能胜任教师工作. * competence in solving problems 解决问题的能力. 2 ~ (to do sth) (of a court, a judge, etc) legal authority （指法院、 法官等的）管辖权, 权限: * matters within/beyond the competence of the court, ie ones that it can/cannot legally deal with 法院权限以内[以外]的事（法院依法能[不能]解决的事）.

competent
[5kCmpitEnt; 5kampEtEnt] adj 1 ~ (as/at/in sth); ~ (to do sth) (of people) having the necessary ability, authority, skill, knowledge, etc （指人）有能力、 权力、 技能、 知识等的; 能胜任的; 能干的: * a highly competent driver 技术高超的司机 * competent at/in one's work 能胜任工作的 * He's not competent to look after young children. 他没有看小孩的本事. 2 quite good, but not excellent 不错的（但并不出色）: * a competent piece of work 良好的作品 * The novel may be a best seller, but it's no more than a competent piece of writing. 这部小说就算能畅销, 也不过是平平之作. > competently adv

competition
[7kCmpE'tiFn; 7kampE'tiFEn] n 1 [C] event in which people compete; contest 比赛; 竞赛: * boxing, chess, beauty competitions 拳击、 棋类、 选美竞赛 * He came first in the poetry competition. 他获诗歌比赛第一名. =>Usage at sport 用法见sport. 2 [U] ~ (between/with sb) (for sth) competing; activity in which people compete 竞争; 角逐: * Competition between bidders for this valuable painting has been keen. 拍卖时各出价人对这幅名画竞争很激烈. * We're in competition with (ie competing against) several other companies for the contract. 我们与另几家公司角逐争取这项合同. 3 the competition [sing or pl v] those competing against sb 竞争者; 对手: * She had a chance to see the competition (ie the other people who were trying to get the same job as she was) before the interview. 她在面试之前有机会见到了对手（与她竞争同一职位者）.

competitive
[kEm'petEtiv; kEm'petEtiv] adj 1 of or involving competition 比赛的; 竞争的: * competitive examinations for government posts 公职遴选考试 * competitive sports 竞技性体育运动 * the competitive spirit, ie enjoying competition 竞争精神（乐於竞争）. 2 ~ (with sb/sth) able to do as well as or better than others 不逊於、 不亚於、 胜过或超过他人的: * Our firm is no longer competitive in world markets. 我们公司在世界市场上已不占优势. * a shop offering competitive prices, ie as low as in any other shop 在价格上有竞争力的商店. 3 (of people) having a strong urge to win （指人）求胜心切的, 急於取胜的: * You have to be highly competitive to do well in sport nowadays. 如今必须有高度的竞争意识才能在体育运动中取胜. > competitively adv: * competitively priced goods 在价格上有竞争力的货物.

competitor
[kEm'petitE(r); kEm'petEtl] n person who competes 竞争者; 比赛者; 对手; 敌手: * The firm has better products than its competitors, ie than rival firms. 这公司的产品比其对手的好（比与其竞争的其他公司）. Cf 参看 contestant (contest).

compile
[kEm'pail; kEm'pail] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] (a) ~ sth (for/from sth) collect (information) and arrange it in a book, list, report, etc 收集（资料）并编辑（成书、 表、 报告等）: * compiling statistics for a report on traffic accidents 为交通事故报告汇集统计数字. (b) ~ sth (from sth) produce (a book, list, report, etc) in this way 编纂, 编辑, 编制, 编写（书、 表、 报告等）: * The police have compiled a list of suspects. 警方已编制了涉嫌者名单. * a guidebook compiled from a variety of sources 汇集多方资料编辑的旅行指南. 2 [Tn] (computing 计) turn instructions in a high-level language into (information in a form that a particular computer can understand and act on) 编译（将高级语言指令转换成代码, 使某计算机可识别并照其执行）. 派生： compilation[7kCmpi'leiFn; 7kampi'leFEn] n (a) [U] compiling 编辑; 编纂; 编制; 编写; 编译. (b) [C] thing that is compiled 编辑物: * Her latest album is a com-pilation of all her best singles. 她最新的一套唱片是她的最佳单曲唱片的汇集. compiler /kCm'pailE(r); kEm'paill] n 1 person who compiles 编辑者; 汇编者; 编纂者. 2 (computing 计) computer program that turns instructions in a high-level language into a form that the computer can understand and act on 将高级语言指令转换为计算机可识别并照其执行的编译程序.

complacency
[kEm'pleisnsi; kEm'plesnsi] (also complacence[-'pleisns; -'plesns] ) n ~ (about sb/sth) (usu derog 通常作贬义) calm feeling of satisfactionwith oneself, one's work, etc 自满; 自得: * There's no room for complacency; we must continue to try to improve. 我们不能自满, 必须继续努力改进.

complacent
[kEm'pleisnt; kEm'plesnt] adj ~ (about sb/sth) (usu derog 通常作贬义) calmly satisfied with oneself, one's work, etc 自满的; 自鸣得意的: * a complacent smile, manner, tone of voice 自满的微笑、 姿态、 声调 * We must not be complacent about our achievements; there is still a lot to be done. 我们绝不能满足於自己的成绩, 还有很多事情要做. > complacentlyadv.

complain
[kEm'plein; kEm'plen] v 1 [I, Ipr, Tf, Dpr.f] ~ (to sb) (about/at sth) (often derog 常作贬义) say that one is dissatisfied, unhappy, etc 投诉; 抱怨; 诉苦; 发牢骚: * You're always complaining! 你总是发牢骚! * (infml 口) `What was the weather like on your holiday?’ `Oh, I can't complain', ie It was as good as could be expected.‘你度假时天气怎麽样?’‘, 没说的（要多好有多好）. * She complained to me about his rudeness. 她向我诉苦说他粗鲁. * He complained (to the waiter) that his meal was cold. 他（向服务员）抱怨说饭菜是凉的. 2 (phr v) complain of sth report (a pain, etc) 诉说（病痛等）; 主诉: * The patient is complaining of acute earache. 病人说耳部剧痛. > complainingly adv: * `Why me?’ he asked complainingly. ‘为什麽偏偏是我呢?’他不满地问.

complainant
[kEm'pleinEnt; kEm'plenEnt] n (law 律) = plaintiff.

complaint
[kEm'pleint; kEm'plent] n 1 [U] complaining抱怨; 埋怨; 不满: * The road-works caused much complaint among local residents. 修路引起周围居民很多怨言. * You have no cause/grounds for complaint. 你没有理由抱怨. 2 [C] ~ (about/of sth); ~ (that...) (a) reason for dissatisfaction 不满的原因: * I have a number of complaints about the hotel room you've given me. 我对你给我的旅馆房间有几点不满意见. (b) statement of dissatisfaction 申诉; 投诉; 诉苦; 控诉; 控告: * She lodged a complaint about the noise. 她就噪音问题提出投诉. * submit a formal complaint 提出正式控告 * We've received a lot of complaints of bad workmanship. 很多人向我们投诉产品工艺低劣. * Management ignored our complaints that washing facilities were inadequate. 我们投诉卫生设备不足, 管理部门不予理睬. * [attrib 作定语] follow the complaints procedure 按照投诉程序. 3 [C] (sometimes euph 有时作委婉语) illness; disease 疾病; 病: * a heart complaint 心脏病 * childhood complaints, ie illnesses common among children 小儿常见病.

complaisance
[kEm'pleizEns; kEm'plezns] n [U] (fml 文) willingness to do what pleases others 讨好; 殷勤. 派生： complaisant[-zEnt; -znt] adj (fml 文) ready to please; obliging 讨好的; 殷勤的: * a complaisant husband 殷勤的丈夫.

complement
[5kCmplimEnt; 5kamplEmEnt] n 1 ~ (to sth) thing that goes well or suitably with sth else, or makes it complete 相配合的事物; 补充物; 补足物: * Rice makes an excellent complement to a curry dish. 有咖喱的菜配米饭最妙. 2 the complete number or quantity needed or allowed 需要的或允许的数额: * We've taken on our full complement of new trainees for this year. 我们今年招收的新学员已经满额了. * the ship's complement, ie all the officers and other sailors 船上的编制名额（全体军官和水兵或高级船员和水手）. 3 (grammar) word(s), esp adjectives and nouns, used after linking verbs such as be and become, and describing the subject of the verb 补语（尤指在连系动词如be become等之後, 用以描述动词之主语的形容词或名词）: * In the sentence `I'm angry', `angry' is the complement. 在I'm angry一句中, angry是补语. 派生： complement[5kCmplimEnt; 5kamplE7ment] v [Tn] combine well (and often contrastingly) with (sth) to form a whole 与（某事物）结合（相辅相成）: * His business skill complements her flair for design. 他的经营技巧和她的设计才能相辅相成. Cf 参看 compliment. complementary[7kCmpli'mentri; 7kamplE'mentEri] adj ~ (to sth) combining well to form a balanced whole 紧密结合成相称的整体: * They have comple-mentary personalities, ie Each has qualities which the other lacks. 他们二人的性格可取长补短（各自有对方缺乏的性格）. * His personality is complementary to hers. 他的个性与她的相反相成. ,complementary `angle either of two angles which together make 90 馀角（两角之和为90这两个角就互为馀角）. ,complementary `colour colour of light which when combined with a given colour makes white light (eg blue with yellow) 互补色（混合後产生白色光的两种色光, 如蓝和黄）.

complete
1[kEm'pli:t; kEm'plit] adj 1 having all its parts; whole 完整的; 完全的; 全部的; 整个的: * a complete set, collection, etc 完善的设备、 全部收藏等 * a complete edition of Shakespeare's works, ie one that includes all of them 莎士比亚全集 * a radio complete with a carrying case, ie having it as an additional feature 带套的手提收音机. 2 [pred 作表语] finished; ended 完成; 结束: * When will the building work be complete? 建 工作何时完成? 3 [usu attrib 通常作定语] thorough; in every way; total 彻底的; 全面的; 完全的: * a complete stranger, idiot, nonentity 素不相识的人、 十足的白痴、 完全的虚构 * It was a complete surprise to me. 这对我完全是件意外的事. 派生： completely adv wholly; totally 完整地; 完全地; 圆满地: completely innocent, happy, successful 完全无辜、 十分高兴、 圆满成功. completeness n [U].

completion
[kEm'pli:Fn; kEm'pliFEn] n [U] 1 (a) action of completing 完成（指动作）: * Completion of the building work is taking longer than expected. 建 工程的竣工比预计的时间要长. (b) state of being complete 完成: * The film is nearing completion. 电影制作即将完成. * [attrib 作定语] its completion date 完成的日期. 2 (commerce 商) formal completing of a contract of sale （销售契约手续的）正式完成: * You may move into the house on completion. 办完房屋买卖契约手续後, 你就可以搬进去.

complex
1[5kCmpleks; - kEm'pleks; kEm'pleks] adj (a) made up of (usu several) closely connected parts 由密切联系的部分组成的; 联合的; 复合的: * a complex system, network, etc 联合的体系、 网等 * (grammar) a complex sentence, ie one containing subordinate clauses 主从复合句（含有从句的句子）. (b) difficult to understand or explain because there are many different parts （因有很多部分）难於理解或解释的; 复杂的: * a complex argument, theory, subject, etc 复杂的论证、 理论、 学科等. Cf 参看 complicated (complicate). 派生： complexity/kEm'pleksEti; kEm'pleksEti] n (a) [U] state of being complex 复杂性; 错综复杂的状态: * a problem of great complexity 极复杂的问题. (b) [C] complex thing 复杂的事物: * the complexities of higher mathematics 高等数学的难题.

complexion
[kEm'plekFn; kEm'plekFEn] n 1 natural colour and appearance of the skin of the face （天生的）面色, 脸色, 面貌: * a good, dark, fair, sallow, etc complexion 脸色好、 黑、 白、 黄等. 2 (usu sing 通常作单数) general character or aspect of sth 某事物总的特性或方面: * Her resignation puts a different complexion on things, ie changes one's view of the affair. 她一辞职则情随事迁（使人改变了对事务的看法）. * a victory that changed the complexion of the war, ie made the probable result different, gave hope of an early end, etc 扭转战局的胜利.

compliance
[kEm'plaiEns; kEm'plaiEns] n [U] ~ (with sth) 1 action in accordance with a request or command; obedience 服从; 听从; 遵从; 顺从: * Compliance (with the rules) is expected of all members. 要求全体人员都遵守（制度）. * In compliance with your wishes (ie As you have requested) we have withdrawn our suggestion. 遵照你的要求我们已将建议撤销. 2 (usu derog 通常作贬义) tendency to agree (too readily) to do what others want 百依百顺; 承颜候色. Cf 参看 comply.

compliant
[kEm'plaiEnt; kEm'plaiEnt] adj ~ (withsb/sth) (usu derog 通常作贬义) (too) willing to comply (with other people, with rules, etc) （对於他人、 规章等）（过於）顺从的, 百依百顺的, 惟命是听的: * The Government, compliant as ever, gave in to their demands. 政府同往常一样唯唯诺诺, 对他们的要求作出让步.

complicate
[5kCmplikeit; 5kamplE7ket] v [Tn] make (sth) more difficult to do, understand or deal with 使（某事）复杂化: * Her refusal to help complicates matters. 她不肯帮忙, 事情就更难办了. 派生： complicated adj (a) (often derog 常作贬义) made up of many interconnected parts 结构复杂的: complicated wiring, machinery 复杂的线路、 机器 * a complicated diagram 复杂的图表. (b) difficult to understand or explain because there are many different parts （因复杂）难於理解或解释的: a complicated situation, process, relationship, plot 复杂的情况、 过程、 关系、 情节 * He's married to her, and she's in love with his brother-in-law, and...oh, it's too complicated to explain! 他已经跟她结了婚, 可她又爱上他姐夫, 而且...哎, 太乱了, 说不清! Cf 参看 complex1.

complication
[7kCmpli'keiFn; 7kamplE'keFEn] n 1 [U] state of being complex, intricate or difficult; involved condition 复杂、 错综或困难的状态; 复杂的情况: * I have enough complication in my life without having to look after your sick pets! 即使不给你照看那些生病的小宠物, 我生活里的麻烦事就已经够多了! 2 [C] thing that makes a situation more complex or difficult 使情况更加复杂或困难的事物: * A further complication was Fred's refusal to travel by air. 更麻烦的是弗雷德不肯坐飞机. 3 complications [pl] (medical 医) new illness, or new development of an illness, that makes treatment more difficult 并发症: * Complications set in, and the patient died. 病人因出现并发症而死亡.

complicity
[kEm'plisEti; kEm'plisEti] n [U] ~ (in sth) action of taking part with another person (in a crime or some other wrongdoing); shared responsibility 合谋; 串通: * He was suspected of complicity in her murder. 他涉嫌合谋将她杀害.

compliment
[5kCmplimEnt; 5kamplEmEnt] n 1 [C] ~ (on sth) expression of praise, admiration, approval, etc赞美、 敬佩、 赞成等的表示: * One likes to hear complimentson one's appearance. 人人都爱听夸奖自己容貌的话. * She paid me a very charming compliment on my paintings, ie praised them. 她极为赞赏我的画. * (fig 比喻) These beautiful flowers are a compliment to the gardener's skill, ie show how skilful he is. 这些艳丽的花朵就是对园丁技艺的赞美. 2 compliments [pl] (fml 文) greetings, usu as part of a message 致意, 问候, 祝贺（通常作为传达音讯的一部分）: * My compliments to your wife, ie Please give her a greeting from me. 向您的夫人致意（请转达我的问候）. * Compliments of the season, eg said at Christmas or the New Year. 谨致节日的祝贺（如在圣诞节或新年时说的）. * The flowers are with the complimentsof (ie are a gift from) the management. 这鲜花是主管部门送的礼物. 3 (idm 习语) a left-handed compliment=> left-handed (left2). 派生： compliment[5kCmpliment;'kamplE7ment ] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (on sth) express praise or admiration of sb （对某人）表示赞美或敬佩: * I complimented her on her skilful performance. 我钦佩她熟的技艺. Cf 参看 complement. 复合： 5compliment slip small piece of paper, usu with the words `with compliments' on it, sent with a free sample, gift, etc （附在样品、 礼品上, 通常写有‘敬赠’字样的）赠礼便条.

complimentary
[7kCmpli'mentri; 7kamplE'mentEri] adj 1 expressing admiration, praise, etc 表示崇敬、 赞美、 称赞、 赞许等的: * a complimentary remark, review, pat on the back 赞美的言辞、 褒扬的评论、 在背上拍一下的赞许表示 * She was highly complimentary about my paintings. 她对我的画给予了高度评价. 2 given free of charge by the producer or owner （生产者或所有者给的）赠品: * a complimentary seat, ticket, copy of a book 优待席、 赠券、 赠书.

compline
[5kCmplin; 5kamplin] n [U] (in the Roman Catholic and High Anglican church) last service of the day （天主教和英国圣公会的）晚祷: * attend compline 参加晚祷.

comply
[kEm'plai; kEm'plai] v (pt, pp complied) [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) do as one is requested, commanded, etc; obey 按要求、 命令去做; 依从; 顺从; 听从; 服从: * She was told to pay the fine, but refused to comply. 通知她交纳罚款, 但她拒不服从. * The rules must be complied with, ie obeyed. 这些规章制度必须遵守. Cf 参看 compliance.

component
[kEm'pEunEnt; kEm'ponEnt] n any of the parts of which sth is made （某事物的）组成部分; 成分; 零部件: * the components of an engine, a camera, etc 发动机、 照相机等的部件 * a factory supplying components for the car industry 为汽车制造业提供零部件的工厂 * (fig 比喻) Surprise is an essential component of my plan. 我这项计划主要就是想使人惊喜一下. 派生： component adj [attrib 作定语] being one of the parts of a whole （整体中的）一部分的; 组成的: analysing the component parts of a sentence 分析句子的成分.

comport
[kEm'pC:t; kEm'pCrt] v [Tn.pr] ~ oneself with sth (fml 文) conduct oneself in the specified way; behave （行为）表现: * comport oneself with dignity/in a dignified manner 举止庄重. 派生： comportment n [U] (fml 文) behaviour 举止; 行为; 表现.

compos mentis
[7kCmpEs 'mentis; 5kampEs'mentis] (also compos) adj [pred 作表语] (Latin infml or joc 拉, 口或谑) having control of one's mind; sane 能控制住神志; 心智健全: * He's not quite compos mentis, ie He's a little mad. 他有点儿疯.

compose
[kEm'pEuz; kEm'poz] v 1 (a) [I, Tn] write (music, opera, etc) 写, 创作（乐曲、 歌剧等）: * She began to compose (songs) at an early age. 她年轻时就已开始创作（歌曲）. (b) [Tn] (fml 文) write (a poem, speech, etc) 写（诗、 讲稿等）: * I'm composing a formal reply to the letter. 我正写一封郑重其事的回信. 2 [Tn no passive 不用於被动语态] (not in the continuous tenses 不用於进行时态) (fml 文) (of parts or elements of sth) form (a whole); constitute （指某事物的部分或成分）构成（整体）; 组成: * the short scenes that compose the play 组成该剧的各场. =>Usage at comprise 用法见comprise. 3 [Tn no passive 不用於被动语态] bring (oneself/sth) under control; calm 使（自己[某事物]）安定, 平静, 镇静, 冷静: * His mind was in such a whirl that he could hardly compose his thoughts. 他心乱如麻难以镇定下来. * Please compose yourself; there's no need to get excited! 请镇静, 不必激动! Cf 参看 composure. 4 [Tn] put (printing type) in order, to form words, paragraphs, pages, etc 将（铅字）排成词、 段、 页等. Cf 参看 compositor. 派生： composed adj 1 [pred 作表语] ~ of sth made up or formed from sth （由某事物）组成或构成: Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen. 水是由氢和氧化合而成的. * The committee was composed mainly of teachers and parents. 委员会主要由教师和学生家长组成. =>Usage at comprise 用法见comprise. 2 with one's feelings under control; calm 控制住感情的; 克制的; 镇静的; 平静的: a composed person, manner, look 镇静的人、 态度、 表情. composedly/kEm'pEuzidli; kEm'pozidli] adv: * She talked composedly to reporters about her terrible ordeal. 她沉着地向记者谈了自己可怕的经历.

composer
[kEm'pEuzE(r); kam'pozl] n person who composes (esp music) 创作者（尤指乐曲的）.

composite
[5kCmpEzit; kam'pazit] n, adj [attrib 作定语] (thing) made up of different parts or materials （由不同的成分或材料）组成的（事物）; 混合的; 合成的; 混合物: * The play is a composite of reality and fiction. 这出戏是现实与虚构的混合物. * a composite substance 混合物 * a composite illustration, ie one made by putting together two or more separate pictures 拼图.

composition
[7kCmpE'ziFn; 7kampE'ziFEn] n 1 [C] thing composed, eg a piece of music, a poem or a book 作品（如乐曲、 诗或书）: * `Swan Lake' is one of Tchaikovsky's best-known compositions. 《天鹅湖》是柴可夫斯基最着名的作品之一. 2 [U] (a) action of composing sth, eg a piece of music or writing, type for printing, etc 创作: * He played a piano sonata of his own composition, ie that he himself had composed. 他演奏了一首自己创作的钢琴奏鸣曲. (b) art of composing music 作曲艺术: * studying composition at music school 在音乐学校学习作曲艺术. 3 [C] short piece of non-fictional writing done as a school or college exercise; essay 作文; 散文. 4 [U] the parts of which sth is made; make-up 成分; 组成部分: * the composition of the soil 土壤的成分 * (fig 比喻) He has a touch of madness in his composition, ie He is a little mad. 他有点疯疯癫癫的. 5 [U] arrangement of elements in a painting, photograph, etc （绘画、 摄影等的）构图: * Her drawing is competent, but her composition is poor. 她的画有功力, 但布局欠佳. 6 [C, U] substance, esp an artificial one, composed of more than one material （尤指人工）合成的物质: * a composition used as flooring material 合成的地板材料 * [attrib 作定语] a composition floor 合成地板.

compositor
[kEm'pCzitE(r); kEm'pazitl] n skilled person who composes (compose 4) type for printing 排字工人.

compost
[5kCmpCst; 5kampost] n [U, C] mixture of decayed organic matter, manure, etc added to soil to improve the growth of plants 混合肥料; 堆肥. 派生： compost v [Tn] (a) make (sth) into compost 将（某物）制成堆肥: composting the kitchen waste 用厨房里的垃圾制堆肥. (b) put compost on or in (sth) 给（某物）施堆肥: compost the flower-beds 给花坛施堆肥.

composure
[kEm'pEuVE(r); kEm'poVl] n [U] state of being calm in mind or behaviour 心情、 举止平静的状态; 镇静; 沉着: * keep/lose/regain one's composure 保持[不再/恢复]平静 * He showed great composure in a difficult situation. 他在困难环境中表现得极沉着. Cf 参看 compose 3.

compound
1[5kCmpaund; 5kampaund] n 1 (a) thing made up of two or more separate things combined together 复合物. (b) substance consisting of two or more elements chemically combined 化合物: * Common salt is a compound of sodium and chlorine. 食盐是钠和氯的化合物. Cf 参看 element 3, mixture 3. 2 (grammar) noun, adjective, etc composed of two or more words or parts of words (written as one or more words, or joined by a hyphen) 复合词: * `Bus conductor', `dark-haired' and `policeman' are compounds. bus conductor dark-haired policeman都是复合词. > compound adj [attrib 作定语]: * an insect's compound eye 昆虫的复眼 * compound nouns, adjectives, etc 复合名词、 复合形容词. 复合： ,compound `fracture breaking of a bone in which part of the bone comes through the skin 有创骨折. ,compound `interest interest paid on both the original capital and the interest added to it 复利. Cf 参看 simple interest (simple). ,compound `sentence (grammar) sentence containingtwo or more co-ordinate clauses (linked by and, but, etc) 并列复合句.

comprehend
[7kCmpri5hend; 7kampri5hend] v 1 [Tn, Tf, Tw] understand (sth) fully 全面理解、 了解、 领会（某事物）: * failing to comprehend the full seriousness of the situation 未能充分理解形势的严重性 * I cannot comprehend how you could have been so stupid. 我真不明白你怎麽那麽蠢. 2 [Tn] (fml 文) include (sth) 包含、 包括（某事物）.

comprehensible
[7kCmpri5hensEbl; 7kampri5hensEbl] adj ~ (to sb) that can be understood fully 能充分理解的: * a book that is comprehensible only to specialists 只有专家才看得懂的书. 派生： comprehensibility[7kCmpri7hensE'bilEti; 7kampri7hensE'bilEti] n [U].

comprehension
[7kCmpri5henFn; 7kampri5henFEn] n 1 [U] (power of) understanding 理解（力）: * a problem above/beyond sb's comprehension, ie one that he cannot understand 某人不能理解的问题. 2 [U, C] exercise aimed at improving or testing one's understanding of a language (written or spoken) 理解力练习（旨在提高或测验某人书面语或口语的理解能力）: * a French comprehension 法语理解力练习 * [attrib 作定语] a compre`hension test 理解力测试.

comprehensive
[7kCmpri5hensiv; 7kampri5hensiv] adj 1 that includes (nearly) everything （几乎）包罗万象的; 全面的: * a comprehensive description, account, report, etc 全面的描述、 叙述、 报道等 * She has a comprehensive grasp of the subject. 她已全面掌握了这一学科. 2 (Brit) (of education) for pupils of all abilities in the same school （指教育）（具有不同能力的学生）同在一校的, 综合的. 派生： comprehensive n (Brit infml 口) comprehensiveschool 综合学校. comprehensively adv: Our football team was comprehensively (ie thoroughly) defeated. 我们已经彻底失败了. comprehensiveness n [U]. 复合： ,comprehensive in`surance insurance on motor vehicles that covers most risks, including fire, theft, damage and risks to the driver and others 综合保险（机动车辆的多种保险, 包括火险、 盗窃险、 毁坏险和司机及第叁者事故保险等）. compre`hensive school (Brit) large secondary school at which children of all abilities are taught 综合中学（招收具有不同能力的学生的大型中学）.

compress
1[kEm'pres; kEm'pres] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (into sth) 1 press sth together; force sth into a small (er) space 压紧; 将某物压进（较）小的空间; 挤压; 压缩: * compressed air, ie at higher than atmospheric pressure 压缩空气 * compressing straw into blocks for burning 将乾草压成块供燃烧. 2 express (ideas, etc) in a shorter form; condense 使（意见等）简短, 精简, 浓缩: * compress an argument into just a few sentences 将论点概括成几句话 * The film compresses several years into half an hour. 这电影将几年的事压缩於半小时内. 派生： compression/kEm'preFn; kEm'preFEn] n [U] 1 compressing or being compressed 压缩: * the compression of gas 气体的压缩. 2 process of reducing the volume of the fuel mixture of an internal combustion engine, to increase its pressure before it is ignited （内燃机的）压缩冲程. compressor/kEm'presE(r); kEm'presl] n (part of a) machine that compresses air or other gases 压缩机; 压气机.

comprise
[kEm'praiz; kEm'praiz] v [Tn] (not in the continuous tenses 不用於进行时态) (a) have as parts or members; be made up of 包括; 包含; 构成; 组成: * a committee comprising people of widely differing views 由观点极不相同的成员组成的委员会. (b) be the parts or members of (sth); together form 为（某事物）的部分或成员; 组成; 包括: * Two small boys and a dog comprised the street entertainer's only audience. 两个小男孩和一条狗成了街头艺人仅有的观众. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Note the use of comprise. 注意comprise一词的用法. It can mean 1 consist of or be composed of ie be formed of 这个词可意为1 consist of或be composed of, 即由...形成、 组成或构成: The British Parliament comprises/consists of/is composed of the House of Commons and the House of Lords. 英国国会是由下议院和上议院组成的. 2 compose or constitute, ie form 亦可意为 2 compose或constitute, 即形成、 组成或构成: The House of Commons and the House of Lords comprise/compose/constitute the British Parliament. 下议院和上议院组成了英国国会. This use of comprise is less common and careful speakers avoid be comprised of in sense 1. *comprise一词的这一用法并不多见, 用词考究的人避免用be comprised of於上述第1义.

compromise
[5kCmprEmaiz; 5kamprE7maiz] n (a) [U] giving up of certain demands by each side in a dispute, so that an agreement may be reached which satisfies both to some extent 妥协; 和解; 谅解; 折衷: * Most wage claims are settled by compromise. 对提高工资的要求大多都能折衷解决. * [attrib 作定语] work out a compromise agreement 制定出折衷协议. (b) [C] ~ (between/on sth) settlement reached in this way （以上述方法取得的）和解: * Can the two sides reach a compromise? 双方能互让和解吗? * The final proposals were a rather unsuccessful compromise between the need for profitability and the demands of local conservationists. 最终的方案是受益者和地区自然资源保护者之间颇为勉强的相互妥协. 派生： compromise v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (on sth) settle a dispute, etc by making a compromise 以折衷方法解决争论、 争端、 分歧: I wanted to go to Greece, and my wife wanted to go to Spain, so we compromised on (ie agreed to go to) Italy. 我想去希腊, 可我妻子想去西班牙, 於是我们折衷了一下, 去意大利. 2 [Tn] bring (sth/sb/oneself) into danger or under suspicion by foolish behaviour （因行为愚蠢）使（某事物[某人/自己]）陷入危险境地或受到怀疑: He has irretrievably compromised himself by accepting money from them. 他因收了他们的钱铸成大错害了自己. * He was photographed in compromising situations (ie ones that showed him behaving immorally ) with a call-girl. 他和应召女郎在有伤风化的情况下让人拍了照片. 3 [Tn] modify (sth); weaken 修改, 更改（某事物）; 减轻; 减弱; 缓和: She refused to compromise her principles, ie insisted on keeping to them. 她的原则寸步不让.

compulsion
[kEm'pQlFn; kEm'pQlFEn] n ~ (to do sth) 1 [U] compelling or being compelled 强迫; 强制; 被迫: * I refuse to act under compulsion, ie because I am forced to. 我决不能让人逼着做事. * You need feel under no compulsion to accept, ie do not have to accept. 你不必勉强接受. 2 [C] urge (esp to behave in an irrational way) that one cannot resist （不能克制的）欲望, 冲动, 要求（尤指不合情理的行为）: * a compulsion to destroy things 毁物欲.

compulsive
[kEm'pQlsiv; kEm'pQlsiv] adj 1 extremely interesting; fascinating 极有趣的; 令人着迷的: * a compulsive novel about politics有关政治的有趣的小说. 2 (a) caused by an obsession 因着迷而引起的; 强迫性的; 强制性的; 上瘾的: * compulsive gambling, eating, etc 上瘾的赌博、 强迫性进食等. (b) (of people) forced to do sth by an obsession （指人）因着迷而被迫做的, 强迫性的: * a compulsive eater, TV viewer, gambler 对食物、 电视、 赌博着迷的人 * He's a compulsive liar, ie He lies repeatedly. 他说谎成性. > compulsively adv: * a compulsively readable book 引人入胜、 非读不可的书.

compulsory
[kEm'pQlsEri; kEm'pQlsEri] adj that must be done; required by the rules, etc; obligatory 必须做的; 按规定要做的; 有责任的; 有义务的: * Is military service compulsory in your country? 你们国家实行义务兵役制吗? * Is English a compulsory subject? 英语是必修科目吗? > compulsorily/kEm'pQlsErEli; kEm'pQlsErEli] adv.

compunction
[kEm'pQNkFn; kEm'pQNkFEn] n [U] ~ (about doing sth) (fml 文) (usu in negative sentences 通常用於否定句) feeling of guilt or regret for one's action 内疚; 後悔; 懊悔: * She kept us waiting without the slightest compunction. 她一直让我们等着却毫无歉意. * If I could find the people responsible, I would have no compunction about telling the police. 我要知道是谁干的就去报警而毫不後悔.

computation
[7kCmpju:'teiFn; 7kampjE'teFEn] n (a) [C, U] (fml 文) (act of) computing; calculation 计算; 估计: * A quick computation revealed that we would not make a profit. 粗略计算後可以看出我们无利可图. * Addition and division are forms of computation. 加法和除法都是计算方法. * It will cost 5000 at the lowest computation. 估计最少也值5000英镑. (b) [U] use of a computer for calculation 计算机的使用. 派生： computational adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] using computers 使用计算机的: computational linguistics 计算机语言学.

compute
[kEm'pju:t; kEm'pjut] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (at sth) 1 calculate sth with a computer 用计算机计算: * Scientists have computed the probable course of the rocket. 科学家用计算机计算了火箭可能运行的轨道. 2 (fml 文) calculate sth; work sth out 估计某事物; 将某事物算出: * He computed his losses at 5000. 他估计自己损失5000英镑. 派生： computing n [U] operation of computers 计算机的运算: [attrib 作定语] a computing course 计算机运算课程.

computer
[kEm'pju:tE(r); kEm'pjutl] n electronic device for storing and analysing information fed into it, making calculations, or controlling machinery automatically 计算机; 电脑: * Is the information available on the computer? 计算机中有这个资料吗? * The accounts are processed by computer. 这帐目是用计算机处理的. * a digital computer 数字计算机 * [attrib 作定语] a computer programmer 计算机程序设计员 =>illus 见插图. 派生： computerize, -ise[-tEraiz; -tE7raiz] v [Tn] (a) provide a computer to do the work of or for (sth) 用计算机做（某事）; 使计算机化: * The accounts section has been completely computerized. 会计科已完全计算机化了. (b) store (information) in a computer 将（资料）存入计算机: * The firm has computerized its records. 公司已将纪录存入计算机. computerization, -isation/ kEm9pju:tEraI5zeIFn; US -rI5z-; kEm9pjutErE`zeFEn/ n [U].

comrade
[5kCmreid; - -rAd; 5kamrAd] n 1 fellow member of a trade-union, or of a socialist or communist political party, etc （工会或社会主义、 共产主义政党等的）会员, 党员, 同志: * We must fight for our rights, comrades! 同志们, 我们必须为自己的权利而斗争! 2 (dated 旧) trusted companion who shares one's activities （共同参与活动的）忠实伙伴: * We were comrades in the war. 我们从前是战友. * [attrib 作定语] an old comrades association, ie of people who had been in the army, etc together 老兵协会. > comradely/ 5kCmreIdlI; `kBmrAdlI/ adj: * some comradely advice 同志般的劝告. comradeship[5kCmreidFip; 5kamrAd7Fip] n [U]. 复合： ,comrade-in-`arms n (pl ,comrades-in-`arms) fellow soldier 战友: (fig 比喻) They'd long been comrades-in-arms in the Labour Party. 他们长期以来在工党中就是战友.

con
1[kCn; kan] n [sing] (sl 俚) instance of cheating sb; confidence trick 欺骗; 骗局: * This so-called bargain is just a con! 这种所谓的大减价不过是个骗局! * [attrib 作定语] a con trick 欺骗的手段 * He's a real con artist/merchant, ie swindler. 他是个不折不扣的假艺术家[商人]（骗子）. 派生： con v (-nn-) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (into doing sth/out of sth) (infml 口) swindle or persuade sb after gaining his trust 诈骗; 哄骗: You can't con me -- you're not really ill! 你骗不了我--你根本就没病! * I was conned into buying a useless car. 我受人骗买了辆不能用的汽车. * She conned me out of ￡100. 她骗走我100英镑. 复合： con man[5kCn mAn; 5kan 7mAn] (pl con men/ 5kCn men; `kBn mZn/) (infml 口) person who swindles others into giving him money, etc 骗取他人钱财等的人; 骗子.

con man
=> con.

concatenation
[kEn7kAti'neiFn; kEn7kAtn'eFEn] n ~ (of sth) (fml 文) series of things or events linked together 一系列互相关联的事物: * an unfortunate concatenation of mishaps 接连的不幸.

concave
[5kCNkeiv; kan'kev] adj (of an outline or a surface) curved inwards like the inner surface of a sphere or ball （指轮廓或表面）凹的（如球体或球的内部）. =>illus 见插图. Cf 参看 convex. 派生： concavity[7kCn'kAvEti; kan'kAvEti] n (a) [U] quality of being concave 凹状; 凹形. (b) [C] concave surface 凹面.

conceal
[kEn5si:l; kEn5sil] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth/sb (from sb/sth) keep sth/sb from being seen or known about; hide sth/sb 隐藏、 掩盖或隐瞒某事物[某人]: * a tape recorder concealed in a drawer 藏在抽屉里的录音机 * He tried to conceal his heavy drinking from his family. 他极力对家人隐瞒自己酗酒的事. * There's a concealed entrance just round the corner. 拐角处有个隐蔽入口. * He spoke with ill-concealed contempt for his audience. 他讲话时流露出对听众的蔑视. 派生： concealment n [U] acton of concealing or state of being concealed 隐藏; 掩盖; 隐瞒: Stay in concealment until the danger has passed. 藏着别动, 等危险过後再出来.

concede
[kEn5si:d; kEn5sid] v 1 [Tn, Tf, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) admit that sth is true, valid, proper, etc 承认某事属实、 有效、 合理等: * concede a point (to sb) in an argument 在辩论中承认（某人的）某一点正确 * concede defeat, ie admit that one has lost 承认失败 * I was forced to concede that she might be right. 我不得不承认可能是她对. * It's certainly big, I'll concede you that. 那确实很大, 在这一点上我向你认输. 2 [Tn, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) give sth away; allow (sb else) to have sth 将（某物）让出; 允许（他人）得到（某物）: * We cannot concede any of our territory, ie allow another country to have it. 我们寸土不让（不让他国得到）. * England conceded a goal (to their opponents) in the first minute. 英格兰队在第一分钟就输（给对方）一分. 3 [I, Tn] admit that one has lost (a game, an election, etc) 承认自己输掉（一局、 一次竞选等）: * The chess-player conceded (the game) when he saw that his position was hopeless. 棋手一看出自己陷入绝境, 就承认（那局）输了. Cf 参看 concession 1.

conceit
[kEn5si:t; kEn5sit] n 1 [U] excessive pride in oneself or in one's powers, abilities, etc 骄傲; 自负; 自高自大: * The conceit of the man -- comparing his own work with Picasso's! 这个自高自大的人--竟把自己的作品跟毕加索的相比! 2 [C] (fml 文) cleverly-phrased witty expression (esp in a work of literature) 俏皮诙谐的词语（尤指於文学作品中）; 字字珠玑. 派生： conceited adj full of conceit 极其自负的: insufferably conceited 难以容忍地自负. conceitedly[-IdlI; -IdlI/ adv.

conceive
[kEn5si:v; kEn5siv] v 1 [I, Tn] become pregnant (with a child) 怀孕; 受孕: * She was told she couldn't conceive. 她得知自己不能怀孕. * The child was conceived on the night of their wedding. 那孩子是在他们新婚之夜怀上的. 2 [Ipr, Tn, Tf, Tw, Cn.n/a] ~ of sth; ~ sth (as sth) form (an idea, a plan, etc) in the mind; imagine sth 想出（主意、 计划等）; 构思; 想像某事物: * It was then that I conceived the notion of running away. 就在那时我产生了逃跑的念头. * I cannot conceive (ie do not believe) that he would wish to harm us. 我不能想像（不相信）他会伤害我们. * I cannot conceive why you allowed the child to go alone, ie I think you were very foolish to allow it. 我真想不通你为什麽让孩子一个人走（我认为你这样做很蠢）. * The ancients conceived (of) the world as (being) flat, ie They thought it was flat. 古人认为地球是扁的. 派生： conceivable[-Ebl; -Ebl] adj that can be conceived or believed; imaginable 可想到的; 可相信的; 可想像的: * It is hardly conceivable (to me) that she should do such a thing. （我）简直难以想像她会干这种事. * We tried it in every conceivable combination. 我们把能想到的各种组合都试了一遍. conceivably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv: * He couldn't conceivably have (ie I don't believe he could have) meant what he said. 他的话想来不会是他的原意.

concentrate
[5kCnsntreit; 5kansn7tret] v 1 (a) [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (on sth/doing sth) focus (one's attention, effort, etc) exclusively and intensely on sth, not thinking about other less important things 全神贯注, 精神集中, 专心致志（於某事物）: * I can't concentrate (on my studies) with all that noise going on. 吵闹声不绝於耳, 我精神无法集中（於学习）. * We must concentrate our efforts on improving education. 我们必须致力於改进教育工作. (b) [Ipr] ~ on sth do one particular thing and no other 做某件事（而不做其他事）: * Having failed my French exams, I decided to concentrate on science subjects. 我因法语考试不及格而决心专攻理科. * This firm concentrates on the European market. 这公司把工作重点集中在欧洲市场. 2 [Ipr, Tn.pr] come or bring together at one place 集合; 集中: * Birds concentrate (in places) where food is abundant. 鸟聚集在食物丰盛的地方. * Troops are concentrating south of the river. 军队正向河的南边集结. * The Government's plan is to concentrate new industries in areas of high unemployment. 政府的计划是将新的工业集中於高失业区. 3 [Tn] increase the strength of (a solution) by reducing its volume (eg by boiling it) 浓缩. 4 (idm 习语) ,concentrate the/one's `mind make sb consider sth urgently and seriously 使某人急切地、 认真地考虑某事: * The threat of going bankrupt is very unpleasant but it certainly concentrates the mind. 即将破产的威胁虽令人极烦恼, 但确也能逼迫人开动脑筋. 派生： concentrate n [C, U] substance or solution made by concentrating (concentrate 3) 经浓缩而制成的物质或溶液浓缩物; 浓缩液: an orange concentrate which you dilute with water 兑水饮用的浓缩橙汁. concentrated adj 1 intense 极度的; 紧张的; 加强的; 强烈的: concentrated study, hate, effort 紧张的学习、 强烈的仇恨、 专心致志的努力 * concentrated fire, ie the firing of guns all aimed at one point 集中的火力.

concentrate1
2 increased in strength or value by the evaporation of liquid 浓缩的: a concentrated solution 浓缩的溶液 * concentrated food 浓缩食品.

concentration
[7kCnsn'treiFn; 7kansn'treFEn] n 1 [U] ~ (on sth) (power of) concentrating (on sth) 集中（於某事物）（之力）: * Stress and tiredness often result in a lack of concentration. 紧张和疲劳常使人精神不集中. * a book that requires great concentration 需全神贯注才能看懂的书 * I found it hard to keep my concentration with such a noise going on. 吵闹声不绝於耳, 我很难保持精神集中. 2 [C] ~ (of sth) grouping of people or things 人或事物的聚集、 集中或集合: * concentrations of enemy troops, industrial buildings 敌军、 工业建 物的集中. 复合： concen`tration camp (esp in Nazi Germany) prison consisting usu of a set of buildings inside a fence, where political prisoners, prisoners of war, etc were kept in very bad conditions （尤指纳粹德国的）集中营.

concentric
[kEn5sentrik; kEn5sentrik] adj ~ (with sth) (of circles) having the same centre （指数个圆）有同一中心的: * concentric rings 同心环. Cf 参看 eccentric 2.

concept
[5kCnsept; 5kansept] n ~ (of sth/that...) idea underlying sth; general notion 观念; 概念: * the concept of freedom, meaning 自由的、 意义的概念 * He can't grasp the basic concepts of mathematics. 他掌握不了数学的基本概念. * She seemed unfamiliar with the concept that everyone should have an equal opportunity. 看来她不大熟悉机会均等这个概念. 派生： conceptual/kEn5septFuEl; kEn5septFuEl] adj of or based on concepts 观念的; 概念的; 观念上的; 概念上的.

conception
[kEn5sepFn; kEn5sepFEn] n 1 [U, C] conceiving (conceive 1) or being conceived 怀孕; 受孕: * the moment of conception 受孕的一刻 * an unplanned conception 计划外怀孕. 2 (a) [U] thinking of (an idea or a plan) （主意或计划的）构思, 构想, 设想: * The plan, brilliant in its conception, failed because of inadequate preparation. 那计划的构想倒是十分宏伟, 但终因准备不足而告吹. (b) [C] ~ (of sb/sth/that...) idea, plan or intention 主意; 计划; 意图: * The new play is a brilliant conception. 这出新剧真了不起. * I have no conception of (ie do not know) what you mean. 我完全不懂你的意思.

concern
1[kEn5sE:n; kEn5sEn] v 1 [Tn] (a) be the business of (sb); be important to; affect 是（某人）的事; 对...有重要性; 影响: * Don't interfere in what doesn't concern you. 别管与自己无关的事. * The loss was a tragedy for all concerned, ie all those affected by it. 那损失对一切有关的人来说都是极为痛心的. * Where the children are concerned..., ie In matters where one must think of them... 关系到孩子们的问题... * To whom it may concern..., eg at the beginning of a public notice or a testimonial of sb's character, ability, etc 敬启者... (b) be about (sth); have as a subject 关於（某事物）; 作为议题: * a report that concerns drug abuse 关於滥用毒品的报告. 2 [Tn.pr] ~ oneself with/in/about sth be busy with sth; interest oneself in sth 忙於（某事）; 关心（某事）: * There's no need to concern yourself with this matter; we're dealing with it. 你不用管这事了, 我们正在处理. 3 [Tn] worry (sb); trouble; bother 使（某人）担忧; 使烦恼; 打扰: * Our losses are beginning to concern me. 我们的损失使我担起心来. 4 (idm 习语) as/so far as sb/sth is concerned => far2. be concerned in sth have some connection with or responsibility for sth 与某事有牵连或对某事负有责任: * He was concerned in the crime. 他与那起罪案有牵连. be concerned to do sth have it as one's business to do sth 把做某事视为自己的事. be concerned with sth be about sth 与某事物有关; 涉及某事物: * Her latest documentary is concerned with youth unemployment. 她最近的一部纪录片是关於青年人失业问题的. 派生： concerned adj ~ (about/for sth/that...) worried; troubled 担心的; 烦恼的; 忧虑的: Concerned parents held a meeting. 忧心忡忡的家长们开了一次会. * We're all concerned for her safety. 我们都为她的安全担忧. * I'm concerned that they may have got lost. 我担心他们可能迷路了. concernedly[-'sE:nidli; -'sEnidli]

concern1
adv. concerning prep about (sb/sth) 关於（某人[某事物]）: a letter concerning your complaint 关於你投诉的信件.

concert
[5kCnsEt; 5kansEt] n 1 musical entertainment given in public by one or more performers 音乐会: * an orchestral concert 管弦乐音乐会 * give a concert for charity 举行慈善义演音乐会 * [attrib 作定语] a concert pianist, hall, performance 在音乐会上演奏的钢琴家、 音乐厅、 音乐会演出. Cf 参看 recital. 2 (idm 习语) at ,concert `pitch in a state of full efficiency or readiness 处於效率极高或充分准备的状态. in `concert giving a live public performance rather than a recorded one 现场演出的（并非事先录音的）. in concert (with sb/sth) (fml 文) co-operating together 合作: * working in concert with his colleagues 与他的同事合作. 复合： `concert-goer n person who attends concerts (esp of classical music) 出席音乐会（尤指古典音乐会）的人. ,concert `grand grand piano of the largest size, for concerts （音乐会用的）大钢琴. ,concert-`master (US) = leader 2.

concerted
[kEn5sE:tid; kEn5sEtid] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] arranged or done in co-operation 共同筹划的; 合作的: * a concerted effort, attack, campaign 共同努力、 联合攻击、 协同作战 * concerted action by several police forces 警方数部门的联合行动.

concertina
[7kCnsE'ti:nE; 7kansl'tinE] n musical instrument like a small accordion, consisting of a closed pleated tube, held in the hands and played by pressing the ends together to force air past reeds (reed 2) 六角手风琴. =>illus 见插图. 派生： concertina v (pt, pp concertinaed, pres p concertinaing) [I] fold up (as if) by being pressed together from each end （像）（从各端受挤压）摺起: The lorry had concertinaed after crashing into the tree. 卡车撞到大树後摺在一起.

concerto
[kEn5tFeEtEu, -'tFE:t-; kEn5tFerto] n (pl ~s) musical composition for one or more solo instruments and an orchestra 协奏曲: * a `piano concerto 钢琴协奏曲 * a concerto for two violins 双小提琴协奏曲.

concession
[kEn5seFn; kEn5seFEn] n 1 ~ (to sb/sth) (a) [U] conceding 承认; 让出; 允许: * There is a call for the concession of certain rights. 要求承认某些权利. (b) [C] thing granted or yielded, esp after discussion, an argument, etc 妥协, 让步（尤指经协商或辩论等）: * Employers made concessions to the workers in negotiations. 资方在与工人谈判中作出了让步. * As a concession to her inexperience they allowed her to have some help. 他们体谅她缺乏经验, 允许她获得些帮助. Cf 参看 concede. 2 [C] price reduction for certaincategories of people （对某类人）减价: * special concessionson all bus fares for old people 所有公共汽车票对老年人特价. 3 [C] ~ (to do sth) right given or sold to sb by the owner(s) of sth, allowing him to use or operate it 特许权（由某事物的所有者授予或售予某人的使用或经营之权利）: * oil/mining concessions, ie allowing oil or minerals to be extracted from the ground 石油[矿产]开采权 * a concession to drill for oil 石油钻探权. 派生： concessionary/kEn5seFEnEri; - -neri; kEn5seFE-n7eri] adj involving a concession(2) （对某类人）减价的: * concessionary rates/prices （对某类人）减低的费用[价格].

concessionaire
[kEn7seFE'neE(r); kEn7seFEn'er] n person who has been granted a concession(3), esp for the use of land or for trading 特许权获得者（尤指土地使用权或贸易权）.

concessive
[kEn5sesiv; kEn5sesiv] adj (grammar) expressing concession(1) 表示承认、 允许、 妥协或让步的: * a concessive clause, eg one introduced by as, although or even if, indicating a contrast with the main clause 让步从句（如由as、 although或even if引导的表示与主句意思相反的从句）.

conch
[kCntF; kantF] n (a) shellfish with a large spiral shell 海螺（有大螺旋贝壳的贝类）. (b) shell of this creature 海螺壳. 派生： conchology/kCN'kClEdVi; kaN'kalEdVi] n [U] study of shells and shellfish 贝类学; 贝壳学.

conciliate
[kEn5silieit; kEn5sili7et] v 1 [Tn] make (sb) less angry or more friendly (esp by being pleasant or making some concessions) 使（某人）息怒或友好（尤指经抚慰或让步）; 安抚; 抚慰; 劝慰: * conciliate outraged customers 劝慰盛怒的顾客. 2 [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (between sb and sb) bring (people who are disagreeing) into agreement 使（有分歧的人）意见一致; 调解; 调停: * conciliate (between) the parties in a dispute 调解双方（之间）的争端. 派生： conciliation/kEn7sili'eiFn; kEn7sili'eFEn] n [U] conciliating or being conciliated （受到）抚慰或调解: * [attrib 作定语] A conciliation service helps to settle disputes between employers and workers. 调解机构协助解决劳资纠纷. conciliatory/kEn5siliEtEri; - -tC:ri; kEn5siliE7tCri] adj intended or likely to conciliate 意图或可能抚慰或调解的: * a conciliatory gesture, smile, remark 愿和解的姿态、 微笑、 言语.

concise
[kEn5sais; kEn5sais] adj (of speech or writing) giving a lot of information in few words; brief （指语言或文字）用少数词语传达大量信息的; 简明的; 言简意赅的: * a concise summary, account, etc 简明的摘要、 报道等. > concisely adv. conciseness, concision/kEn5siVn; kEn5siVEn] ns [U].

conclave
[5kCNkleiv; 5kaNklev] n private meeting (eg of cardinals to elect a Pope) 秘密会议（如红衣主教选举教皇者）: * sit/meet in conclave, ie hold a private meeting 参加[举行]秘密会议.

conclude
[kEn5klu:d; kEn5klud] v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (with sth) (usu fml 通常作文雅语) come or bring (sth) to an end （使）（某事物）结束: * a few concluding remarks 几句结束语 * The meeting concluded at 8 o'clock. 会议於8时结束. * The story concludes with the hero's death. 这故事随主人公死亡而告终. * He concluded by saying that... 他结束讲话时说... * She concluded her talk with a funny story. 她以一个有趣的故事结束谈话. 2 [Tn.pr, Tf] ~ sth from sth come to believe sth as a result of reasoning （经推理）相信某事物: * Those are the facts; what do you conclude from them? 这些都是事实, 你能从中得出什麽结论? * The jury concluded, from the evidence, that she was guilty. 陪审团根据证据作出结论, 认定她有罪. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sb) arrange and settle (a treaty, etc) formally and finally 达成; 决定; 缔结（条约等）: * Britain concluded a trade agreement with China. 英国和中国签署了贸易协定. * Once the price had been agreed, a deal was quickly concluded. 价格一经商定, 交易很快就达成了. 4 [Tf no passive 不用於被动语态, Tt] (esp US) decide, esp after discussion 决定（尤指经讨论或协商）: * We concluded to go out/that we would go out. 我们决定出去.

conclusion
[kEn5klu:Vn; kEn5kluVEn] n 1 [C usu sing 通常作单数] end 结束; 结尾: * at the conclusion of his speech 他讲话的结尾 * bring sth to a speedy conclusion 将某事物迅速结束. 2 [C] ~ (that...) belief or opinion that is the result of reasoning （由推理而得出的）信念或意见, 结论: * I came to/reached the conclusion that he'd been lying. 我看他是在说谎. * What conclusions do you draw (from the evidence you've heard)? 你从（你听到的证据）中得出什麽结论? 3 [U] formal and final arranging or settling of sth 决定; 协定; 达成; 缔结: * Hostilities ended with the conclusion of a peace treaty. 和平条约签定以後, 战事随之结束. 4 (idm 习语) a foregone conclusion => foregone. in conclusion lastly 最後: * In conclusion I'd like to saythat... 最後, 我想说.... jump to conclusions => jump2.

conclusive
[kEn5klu:siv; kEn5klusiv] adj (of facts, evidence, etc) convincing; ending doubt （指事实、 证据等）令人信服的, 确凿的, 消除怀疑的: * Her fingerprints on the gun were conclusive proof of her guilt. 她在枪上留下的指纹就是她犯罪的确凿证据. > conclusively adv.

concoct
[kEn5kCkt; kEn5kakt] v [Tn] (often derog 常作贬义) 1 make (sth) by mixing ingredients (esp ones that do not usu go together) 将（尤指通常不相配合的）成分混合成某物; 调制: * concoct a drink out of sherry and lemon juice 用雪利酒和柠檬汁配制成的饮料. 2 (derog 贬) invent (a story, an excuse, etc) 编造, 捏造（谎言、 藉口等）: * She'd concocted some unlikely tale about the train being cancelled. 她胡编了一通瞎话, 说什麽那班火车给取消了. 派生： concoction/kEn5kCkFn; kEn5kakFEn] n (a) [U] concocting 调制; 编造; 捏造. (b) [C] thing that is concocted; (esp liquid) mixture 配制而成的物品; （尤指液体的）混合物: * Do you expect me to drink this vile concoction? 你难道想让我喝这种乌七八糟的东西?

concomitant
[kEn5kCmitEnt; kEn5kamEtEnt] adj ~ (with sth) (fml 文) accompanying; happening together 伴随的; 同时发生或出现的: * concomitant circumstances, events, etc 伴随的情况、 事情等 * travel and all its concomitant discomforts 旅行及随之而来的不适. 派生： concomitant n ~ (of sth) (fml 文) thing that typically happens with sth else 伴随发生的事; 伴随物: the infirmities that are the concomitants of old age 年老而虚弱.

concord
[5kCNkC:d; 5kaNkCrd] n [U] 1 (fml 文) harmony between people; lack of quarrelling and unfriendliness （人与人之间的）和谐, 一致, 和睦: * living in concord (with neighbouring states) （与邻国）和睦相处. Cf 参看 discord. 2 (grammar) agreement between words in gender, number, etc, eg between a verb and a plural noun as its subject （词与词之间在性、 数等方面的）一致（如动词及其作主语的复数名词之间的）.

concordance
[kEn5kC:dEns; kEn5kCrdns] n alphabeticalindex of the words used by an author or in a book （作家所使用的或书籍中的）按字母顺序排列的索引: * a `Bible concordance 《圣经》词语索引 * a concordance to Shakespeare 莎士比亚词语索引.

concordant
[kEn5kC:dEnt; kEn5kCrdnt] adj ~ (with sth) (fml 文) in agreement; appropriate 一致的; 协调的; 恰当的; 适合的: * practice concordant with our principles 与我们的原则相符的做法.

concordat
[kEn5kC:dAt; kEn5kCrdAt] n agreement, esp between a State and the Church on church affairs 协定; 协约; （尤指一政府与教会之间就宗教事务所订立的）政教协定.

concourse
[5kCNkC:s; 5kEnkCrs] n 1 open area forming part of a building or large complex, where people may walk about 宽敞的大厅; 广场: * The ticket office is at the rear of the station concourse, ie its main hall. 售票处在车站大厅的後部. 2 (fml 文) gathering of people or things; crowd （人或事物的）聚集, 汇集; 群众: * a vast concourse of pilgrims 大群的朝圣者.

concrete
1[5kCNkri:t; 5kankrit] adj 1 existing in material form; that can be touched, felt, etc 以物质形式存在的; 具体的; 实体的: * Physics deals with the forces acting on concrete objects. 物理学研究作用於物体上的力. Cf 参看 abstract. 2 definite; positive 确实的; 明确的; 确定的: * concrete proposals, evidence, facts 明确的建议、 确实的证据; 确定的事实 * The police have nothing concrete togo on. 警方没有任何确实的东西作依据. > concretelyadv. 复合： ,concrete `music music composed of natural sounds that are recorded and then rearranged 具体音乐（将自然音响录制後重新改编而成者）. ,concrete `poetry poetry that uses its visual appearance on the page to achieve its effect 具体诗歌（从版面上的视觉形象来达到效果的诗歌）.

concretion
[kEn5kri:Fn; kEn5kriFEn] n (fml 文) mass formed when sth soft or liquid becomes hard or solid 凝结; 凝固; 固结.

concubine
[5kCNkjubain; 5kaNkju7bain] n (in countries where a man can legally have more than one wife) woman who lives with a man but is of lower status than a wife （一夫多妻制国家中的）妾, 姨太太, 小老婆: * The sultan's wives and concubines live in the harem. 苏丹的妻妾住在後宫.

concupiscence
[kEn5kju:pisns; kan'kjupEsns] n [U] (fml often derog 文, 常作贬义) strong sexual desire; lust 强烈的性欲; 淫欲; 色欲; 肉欲.

concur
[kEn5kE:(r); kEn5kE] v (-rr-) (fml 文) 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb/sth) (in sth) agree; express agreement 同意; 表示意见一致: * She has expressed her opposition to the plan, and I fully concur (with her) (in this matter). 她对计划表示反对, （在这一问题上）我完全同意（她的意见）. 2 [I, It] (of events, etc) happen together; coincide （指事情等）同时发生: * Everything concurred to produce a successful result. 所有的事都同时发生而产生了圆满的结果. 派生： concurrence/kEn5kQrEns; kEn5kEEns] n (fml 文) 1 [U, sing] agreement 同意; 一致: * With your concurrence (ie If you agree), I will confirm the arrangement. 你若同意, 我就把这项安排定下来了. * a concurrence (ie similarity) of ideas, views, etc 意见、 观点等一致. 2 [sing] occurrence at the same time 同时发生或出现: * an unfortunate concurrence of events 事情不幸同时发生. concurrent/kEn5kQrEnt; kEn5kEEnt] adj ~ (with sth) existing, happening or done at the same time 同时存在的、 发生的或完成的: * developments concurrent with this 与此同时发生的事物. concurrently adv: * He was given two prison sentences, to run concurrently. 他两罪均判监禁, 同期执行.

concuss
[kEn5kQs; kEn5kQs] v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] injure (sb's brain) by a blow or by violent shaking 使（脑）震荡: * He was badly concussed in the collision. 在猛烈碰撞时他的脑部受到严重损伤.

concussion
[kEn5kQFn; kEn5kQFEn] n [C, U] (a) injury to the brain caused by a blow, violent shaking, etc, resulting in temporary unconsciousness 脑震荡: * The patient is suffering from severe concussion following a blow to the head. 患者头部受击後患严重脑震荡. (b) violent shaking or shock (caused eg by a blow, an explosion, etc) 猛烈的摇动或震动（如因撞击、 爆炸等所致）: * a mighty tremor followed by minor concussions 巨大的震动及随後的轻微震荡.

condemn
[kEn5dem; kEn5dem] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.n/a] ~ sb/sth (for/as sth) say that one disapproves of sb/sth 谴责; 责备; 指摘: * We all condemn cruelty to children. 我们一致谴责虐待儿童的行为. * The papers were quick to condemn him for his mistake. 报纸及时地指摘他的错误. * She is often condemned as uncaring. 她常因不关心别人而受到责难. 2 [Tn, Cn.n/a] ~ sth (as sth) say officially that (sth) is faulty or not fit for use 官方宣称（某事物）有缺陷或不宜使用: * The meat was condemned as unfit for human consumption. 这种肉已宣布不适宜人们食用. * a condemned building 已公布为不宜使用的建 物. 3 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.t] ~ sb (to sth/to do sth) (law 律) say what sb's punishment is to be; sentence sb (esp to death) 宣告某人要受的惩罚; 判某人刑（尤指死刑）: * condemn sb to death/hard labour 判处某人死刑[劳役] * He was found guilty and condemned to be shot. 他被判有罪, 处以枪决. (b) [Tn] make (sb) appear guilty 使（某人）显示出有罪: * His nervous looks condemned him. 他神色紧张, 显出有罪的样子. 4 [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: * Tn.pr, Cn.t] ~ sb to sth/to do sth make sb take or accept sth unwelcome or unpleasant; doom sb 使某人接受不好的某事物; 使某人注定: * an unhappy worker, condemned to a job he hates 闷闷不乐的工作者, 无奈何要做他厌恶的工作 * As an old person, one is often condemned to live alone. 老年人常出於无奈而独自生活. 派生： condemnation[7kCndem'neiFn; 7kandem'neFEn] n (a) [U] condemning or being condemned 谴责; 判罪; 注定. (b) [C] instance of this 谴责; 判罪; 注定: * many condemnations of her action 对她行为的多方谴责. con,demned `cell cell where a person who has been sentenced to death is kept 死囚牢房.

condensation
[7kCnden'seiFn; 7kanden'seFEn] n 1 [U, C] condensing or being condensed 浓缩; 凝结; 简缩; 缩写: * the condensation of steam to water 蒸气之凝结为水 * The report is a brilliant condensation of several years' work. 这报告是几年工作的精华. 2 [U] drops of liquid formed on a surface when vapour condenses （蒸气凝结在表面上的）液滴: * His shaving mirror was covered with condensation. 他的剃须镜上有一层小水珠. 复合： ,conden`sation trail = vapour trail (vapour).

condense
[kEn5dens; kEn5dens] v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (into/to sth) (a) (cause sth to) become thicker or more concentrated （使某物）变稠或变浓; 浓缩: * Soup condenses when boiled, ie by losing most of the water. 汤煮过後就浓了（失去大量的水分）. * condensed milk, soup, etc 炼乳、 浓缩汤等. (b) (cause sth to) change from gas or vapour to a liquid （使某物）由气体或蒸气变成液体; 凝结: * Steam condenses/is condensed into water when it touches a cold surface. 蒸气接触冷的表面而凝结成水珠. =>Usage at water1 用法见water1. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (into sth) put sth into fewer words 简缩; 摘要; 简述: * condense a long report into a brief summary 将长篇报告简缩为摘要.

condenser
[kEn5densE(r); kEn5densl] n 1 device for cooling vapour and condensing it to liquid 冷凝器. 2 device for receiving and storing an electric charge (esp in a car engine) 电容器. 3 mirror or lens that concentrates light, eg in a film projector 聚光镜; 聚光器.

condescend
[7kCndi'send; 7kandi'send] v 1 [It] (often derog 常作贬义) do sth that one regards as undignified or below one's level of importance 屈尊; 俯就: * She actually condescended to say hello to me in the street today. 她今天在街上竟能屈尊跟我打招呼. * (ironic 反语) Perhaps your father would condescend to help with the washing-up! 令尊大人或可纡尊降贵帮助刷锅洗碗吧! 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (to sb) (derog 贬) behave kindly or graciously, but in a way that shows one feels that one is better than other people （带有优越感地）故意表示和蔼可亲: * I do wish he wouldn't condescend to the junior staff in his department. 我但愿他不要假惺惺地纡尊降贵接近部门里的低级员工. 派生： condescending adj: a condescending person 屈尊俯就的人 * condescending behaviour 屈尊的行为 * She's so condescending! 她隐藏优越感太惺惺作态! condescendingly adv. condescension[7kCndi'senFn; 7kandi'senFEn] n [U] condescending (behaviour) 屈尊; 俯就.

condign
[kEn5dam; kEn5dain] adj (fml 文) (of punishment, etc) severe and well deserved （指惩罚）严厉而适当的; 罪有应得的.

condiment
[5kCndimEnt; 5kandEmEnt] n [C esp pl, U 作可数名词时尤作复数, 亦作不可数名词] seasoning (eg salt or pepper) used to give flavour and relish to food 调味品, 佐料（如盐或胡椒）.

condition
1[kEn5diFn; kEn5diFEn] n 1 [sing] particular state of existence 状态; 处境; 地位; 身分: * the human condition 人类的处境 * the condition of slavery, ie being a slave 奴隶的身分. 2 [sing, U] (a) present state of a thing 现状; 状况; 情况: * be in good, poor, excellent, etc condition 处於好的、 坏的、 极佳的等状况 * the rusty condition of the bicycle 自行车生锈的状况 * The ship is not in a condition/is in no condition (ie is unfit) to make a long voyage. 此船的现状不适宜远航. (b) physical fitness; health 健康状况; 健康: * He's in excellent condition for a man of his age. 他就其年龄而言, 身体极好. * I've had no exercise for ages; I'm really out of condition, ie unfit. 我已多时没运动了, 现在健康状况欠佳. * She's in no condition (ie is not well enough) to travel. 她的身体状况不宜旅行（不甚健康）. 3 [C] (a) thing needed to make sth else possible; thing on which another thing depends 条件: * One of the conditions of the job is that you should be able to drive, ie In order to get the job you must be able to drive. 做这项工作的其中一个条件是要会开车. * He was allowed to go out, but his parents made it a condition that he should get home before midnight. 他父母允许他出去, 但规定他要在午夜前回家. * I'll let you borrow it on one condition: * (that) you lend me your bicycle in return. 我借给你也行, 但有个条件, 你得把你的自行车借给我. (b) thing required as part of an agreement, a contract, etc; stipulation 条款; 规定; 约定; 条件: * the terms and conditions of the lease 契约的条款与条件. 4 conditions [pl] circumstances 环境; 情况: * under existing conditions 在现有的情况下 * poor working conditions 恶劣的工作环境 * firemen having to operate in very difficult conditions 须在极困难的情况下工作的消防队员. 5 [C] illness; ailment 疾病:

condition1
* a heart, liver, brain, etc condition 心脏、 肝脏、 脑等的疾病 * What is the treatment for this condition? 这种病用甚麽方法治疗? 6 [C] (dated 旧) position in society; rank 社会地位; 阶级; 等级: * people of every condition/of all conditions 社会各阶层人士. 7 (idm 习语) in mint condition => mint2. on condition (that)... only if; provided (that) 在...条件下; 倘若...: * You can go out on condition that you wear an overcoat. 你要穿上外衣才能出去. on no condition (fml 文) not at all 一点也不; 决不: * You must on no condition tell him what happened. 你决不能把发生的事情告诉他.

conditional
[kEn5diFEnl; kEn5diFEnl] adj (a) ~ (on/upon sth) depending on sth 依赖某事物的; 含有条件的: * conditional approval, acceptance, etc 含有条件的批准、 接受等 * Payment of the money is conditional upon delivery of the goods, ie If the goods are not delivered, the money will not be paid. 货到方可付款（货不到则不付款）. (b) (esp grammar 尤作语法用语) containing or implying a condition1(3a) or qualification 有条件的; 受制约的: * a conditional clause, ie one beginning with if or unless 条件从句（由if或unless起首的从句）. > conditionally[-FEnEli; -FEnli] adv.

condole
[kEn5dEul; kEn5dol] v [Ipr] ~ with sb (on sth) (fml 文) express sympathy (for a misfortune, bereavement, etc) （对不幸、 丧失亲人等）表示同情, 吊慰; 吊唁. 派生： condolence/kEn5dEulEns; kEn5dolEns] n [U, C often pl 常作复数] (expression of) sympathy 同情; 吊慰; 吊唁: * a letter of condolence 吊唁信 * Please accept my condolences. 谨致吊慰之意.

condom
[5kCndEm; 5kandEm] (also esp US prophylactic)n contraceptive sheath worn on the penis during sexual intercourse （男用）避孕套, 保险套; 阴茎套.

condominium
[7kCndE'miniEm; 7kandE'miniEm] n 1 country governed jointly by two or more other states （由另两国或多国）共管的国家. 2 (US) (apartment in a) block of apartments, each of which is owned by its occupier （产权为居住者自有的）公寓（的单元）.

condone
[kEn5dEun; kEn5don] v [Tn, Tg, Tsg] treat or regard (an offence) as if it were not serious or wrong; overlook; forgive 容忍（过失）; 宽恕; 原谅: * condone violence, adultery, fraud, etc 宽恕暴行、 奸情、 欺诈行为等 * Not punishing them amounts to condoning their crime. 不惩罚他们就等於纵容他们的罪行. > condonation[7kCndEu'neiFn; 7kando'neFEn] n [U] (fml 文).

condor
[5kCndC:(r); 5kandl] n type of large vulture found mainly in S America 神鹰（主要产於南美）.

conduce
[kEn5dju:s; - -'du:s; kEn5dus] v [Ipr] ~ to/towards sth (fml 文) help to bring sth about 有助於产生（某事物）; 导致; 有益於: * A good diet conduces to good health. 良好的饮食有益於健康. 派生： conducive/kEn5dju:siv; - -'du:s-; kEn5dusiv] adj [pred 作表语] ~ to sth allowing or helping sth to happen 容许或有助於某事物发生; 有益: * These noisy conditions aren't really conducive to concentrated work. 这嘈杂的环境实在不利於专心工作.

conduct
1[5kCndQkt; 5kandQkt] n [U] 1 person's behaviour (esp its moral aspect) （人的）行为（尤指道德方面）; 品德; 品行: * the rules of conduct 行为准则 * The prisoner was released early because of good conduct. 这罪犯因表现良好提前获释. 2 ~ of sth manner of directing or managing (a business, campaign, etc) （对业务、 作战等的）指导、 指挥、 管理或经营（的方式）: * There was growing criticism of the Government's conduct of the war. 政府领导作战的方式受到越来越多的批评.

conductor
[kEn5dQktE(r); kEn5dQktl] n 1 person who directs the performance of an orchestra, a choir, etc (esp by standing in front of them and gesturing with his arms) （管弦乐队、 合唱团等的）指挥. 2 (a) (Brit) person who collects fares on a bus （公共汽车上的）收票员. (b) (US) (Brit guard) person in charge of a train （火车上的）乘务员, 列车员（英式英语用guard）. 3 substance that conducts heat or electric current 导体（导热或导电的物质）: * a `lightning conductor 避雷器 * Wood is a poor conductor. 木头是不良导体. 派生： conductress/kEn5dQktris; kEn5dQktris] n (Brit) woman conductor on a bus （公共汽车上的）女收票员. 复合： con`ductor rail rail (laid parallel to the tracks) from which a railway locomotive picks up electric current 导电轨, 接触轨（与路轨平行的轨道, 可供机车导入电流）.

conduit
[5kCndit; - 'kCndu:it, -dwit; 5kanduit] n (a) large pipe through which liquids flow 大水管. (b) tube enclosing insulated electric wires 导线管.

cone
[kEun; kon] n 1 solid body that narrows to a point from a circular flat base （实心的）圆锥体. =>illus at cube 见cube之插图. 2 solid or hollow thing that has this shape, eg an edible container for ice-cream, a warning sign for road-works, etc （实心的或中空的）圆锥形物（如用以盛冰激凌的可食的锥形蛋卷、 修路时放置的锥形警告路标等）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xiii. 3 fruit of certain evergreen trees (fir, pine, cedar) made of overlapping woody scales 球果（某些常绿树, 如枞、 松、 雪松的果实）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page i. 派生： cone v (phr v) cone sth off mark or separate sth with cones 用锥形标志标明或隔开: cone off a section of motorway during repairs 用锥形标志隔开维修中的一段高速公路 * cone off parking spaces that must not be used 用锥形标志标明不准使用的停车位置.

coney
= cony.

confab
[5kCnfAb; 5kanfAb] n (dated infml 旧, 口) private friendly conversation; chat 私下的亲切交谈; 闲谈; 闲聊; 聊天.

confection
[kEn5fekFn; kEn5fekFEn] n (fml 文) thing made with sweet ingredients 甜食. 派生： confectioner n person who (makes and) sells sweets, cakes, etc （制做和）销售糖果、 糕点的人; 甜食师傅; 甜食商: I bought it at the confectioner's (shop). 那是我从糖果店买来的. confectionery/kEn5fekFEnEri; - -FEneri; kEn5fekFEn7eri] n (a) [U] sweets, chocolates, cakes, etc 糖果、 巧克力、 糕点等. (b) [C] confectioner's business or shop 糖果糕点业或商店.

confederacy
[kEn5fedErEsi; kEn5fedErEsi] n 1 [C] alliance or league, esp of states 联盟或同盟（尤指国家的）. 2 the (Southern) Confederacy [sing] the Confederate States 美国南部邦联.

confederate
1[kEn5fedErEt; kEn5fedErit] adj joined together by an agreement or a treaty 联盟的; 同盟的; 联邦的: * the Confederate States of America 美国南部邦联. 派生： confederate n 1 person one works with (esp in sth illegal or secret); accomplice 同伙; 合谋者; 同党; 共犯: his confederates in the crime 他的共犯. 2 Confederate supporter of the Confederate States 南部邦联的支持者. Confederate States the eleven states that separated from the US in 1860-61 and caused the American Civil War 美国南部邦联（由1860-1861年脱离美利坚合众国的十一个州组成, 後导致美国南北战争）.

confer
[kEn5fE:(r); kEn5fE] v (-rr-) 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb) (on/about sth) have discussions (esp in order to exchange opinions or get advice) 讨论; 探讨; 商谈; 商议; 协商; 请教: * She withdrew to confer with her advisers before announcing a decision. 她先去请教顾问然後再来宣布决定. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (on sb) give or grant (a degree or title) to sb 授予某人（学位或头衔）: * The Queen conferred knighthoods on several distinguished men. 女王将爵士头衔授予几位杰出人士. * (fig 比喻) He behaves as if high rank automatically confers the right to be obeyed. 他的表现好像是身居高位就自然有权使人俯首听命. 派生： conferment n [U, C] (fml 文) giving or granting (of degrees, honours, etc) （学位荣誉等的）授予.

conference
[5kCnfErEns; 5kanfErEns] n [C, U] (meetingfor) discussion or exchange of views 讨论（会）; 协商（会）; 会议: * Many international conferences are held in Geneva. 许多国际会议在日内瓦举行. * The Director is in conference now. 主任正在开会.

confess
[kEn5fes; kEn5fes] v 1 (a) [I, Ipr, Tn, Tf, Dn.pr] ~ (to sth/doing sth); ~ (sth) (to sb) say or admit, often formally (that one has done wrong, committed a crime, etc) 承认（错误、 罪行等）; 供认; 坦白: * The prisoner refused to confess (his crime). 该犯拒不招供（罪行）. * She finally confessed (to having stolen the money). 她最後招认了（偷了那笔钱）. * He confessed that he had murdered her. 他供认他杀害了她. (b) [Ipr, Tf, Cn.a, Cn.t] acknowledge, often reluctantly 承认（常为不情愿地）: * She confessed to (having) a dread of spiders, ie admitted that she was afraid of them. 她承认她害怕蜘蛛. * I'm rather bored, I must confess. 说老实话, 我真有点厌烦. * He confessed himself (to be) totally ignorant of their plans. 他承认自己对於他们的计划一无所知. 2 (a) [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Tf, Dpr.f] ~ (sth) (to sb) (esp in the Roman Catholic Church) tell (one's sins) formally to a priest （尤指天主教）向神父忏悔, 告罪, 告解: * He confessed (to the priest) that he had sinned. 他（向神父）忏悔他犯了罪. (b) [Tn] (of a priest) hear the sins of (sb) in this way （指神父）听取（某人）的忏悔: * The priest confessed the criminal. 神父听取那罪犯的忏悔. 派生： confessedly[-idli; -idli] adv by sb's own admission 自己供认地.

confession
[kEn5feFn; kEn5feFEn] n 1 [C, U] statement of one's guilt; confessing 供认; 招供; 承认; 坦白; 交代: * to make a full confession of one's crimes 对自己所犯罪行供认不讳. 2 [C, U] (in the Roman Catholic Church) formal admission of one's sins to a priest （指天主教）向神父忏悔; 告罪; 告解: * The priest will hear confessions in English and French. 这位神父可听取用英语和法语的告解. * I always go to confession on Fridays. 我总是每星期五去作忏悔. 3 [C] declaration of one's religious beliefs, principles, etc （表明宗教信仰、 准则等的）声明: * a confession of faith 信仰声明.

confessional
[kEn5feFEnl; kEn5feFEnEl] n private, usu enclosed, place in a church where a priest sits to hear confessions （教堂中神父听取忏悔的）告解室: * the secrets of the confessional 在告解室中吐露的隐情.

confessor
[kEn5fesE(r); kEn5fesl] n priest who hears confessions 听取忏悔的神父; 告解神父.

confetti
[kEn5feti; kEn5feti] n [sing v] small pieces of coloured paper thrown over the bride and bridegroom at a wedding （婚礼时投撒在新娘和新郎身上的）五彩纸屑.

confidant
[7kCnfi'dAnt; 7kanfE'dAnt] n trusted person to whom one speaks about one's private affairs or secrets （可以向之披露私事或内心秘密的）知己, 密友.

confide
[kEn5faid; kEn5faid] v 1 (a) [Tf, Dn.pr, Dpr.f] ~ sth to sb tell (a secret) to sb 向某人吐露（秘密）: * She confided her troubles to a friend. 她向朋友倾吐了内心的烦恼. * He confided (to me) that he had applied for another job. 他（向我）吐露说他已申请了另一份工作. (b) [Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth to sb/sth (fml 文) give sb/sth to sb to be looked after; entrust 委托某人照料某人[某事物]; 托付: * Can I confide my children to your care? 托你照顾一下我的孩子好吗? 2 (phr v) confide in sb trust sb enough to tell a secret to him 充分信赖某人（可告知秘密者）: * There's no one here I can confide in. 这里没有一个我可以信赖的人. 派生： confiding adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] trusting; not suspicious 易信任人的; 深信不疑的: She was a practised swindler and took advantage of the old man's confiding nature. 她是一个行骗的老手, 利用了那个老人生性轻信以售其奸. confidingly adv.

confidence
[5kCnfidEns; 5kanfEdEns] n 1 [U] (a) ~ (in sb/sth) firm trust (in sb, in sb's ability, or in what is said, reported, etc) 坚定的信赖: * to have/lose confidence in sb 对某人抱有[失去]信心 * I have little confidence in him. 我对他没有甚麽信心. * Don't put too much confidence in what the papers say. 不要过分相信报纸上的话. * There is a lack of confidence in the Government, ie People do not believe that its policies are wise. 人民 对政府缺乏信心. (b) feeling of certainty; trust in one's own ability 把握; 自信心: * He answered the questions with confidence. 他很有把握地回答了那个问题. * You are too shy: * you should have more confidence (in yourself). 你太缩手缩脚了, 应该增强（自）信心. 2 [C] secret which is told to sb 知心话; 私房话: * The two girls sat in a corner exchanging confidences. 那两个女孩子坐在角落里说着悄悄话. 3 (idm 习语) in (strict) confidence as a secret 当作秘密: * I'm telling you this in (strict) confidence so don't breathe a word of it. 我现在告诉你这件事是个（绝对的）秘密--千万不可外传. take sb into one's confidence tell sb one's secrets, etc 向某人吐露内心的秘密等. 复合： `confidence trick act of swindling sb by first gaining his trust 骗局（从赢得信任入手使某人受骗）. `confidence trickster (also infml 口语亦作 `con man) person who swindles people in this way （以此术行骗的）骗子.

confident
[5kCnfidEnt; 5kanfEdEnt] adj ~ (of sth/that...) feeling or showing trust in oneself or one's ability 自信的; 有信心的; 有把握的: * a confident smile, manner, speech 显示信心的微笑、 态度、 讲话等 * feel confident of succeeding/that one will succeed 有信心能成功 * He isconfident of victory. 他对胜利充满信心. > confidentlyadv.

confidential
[7kCnfi'denFl; 7kanfE'denFEl] adj 1 to be kept secret; not to be made known to others 恪守秘密的; 机密的: * confidential information, files, letters 机密情报、 文件、 信件. 2 [attrib 作定语] trusted with secrets 获得信任参与机密的: * a confidential secretary 机要秘书. 3 trusting 表示信任的: * speaking in a confidential tone 用表示信任的口吻说话. > confidentiality[7kCn-fi7denFi'lEti; 7kanfi7denFi'Aliti] n [U]. confidentially[-FElI; -FElI/ adv: * He told me confidentially that he's thinking of resigning next year. 他私下告诉我他打算明年辞职.

configuration
[ kEn9fIgE5reIFn; ?@ -9fIgjU5reIFn; kEn-9fI^jJ`reFEn] n arrangement of the parts of sth; shape or outline 某物的构造、 结构、 布局; 形状; 外观: * the configuration of the earth's surface, the vocal tract, the solar system 地球表面的形状; 发音系统的构造; 太阳系的分布.

configure
[kEn5figE(r); - kEn5figjEr; kEn5figjl] v [Tn] (esp computing 尤作计算机术语) arrange (sth) for a particular purpose, usu so that it is compatible with other equipment 装配, 配置（某物）（通常为与其他装置兼容）.

confine
[kEn5fain; kEn5fain] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (in/to sth) keep (a person or an animal) in a restricted space 限制在某空间以内: * Is it cruel to confine a bird in a cage? 把鸟关在笼子里残忍不残忍? * After her operation, she was confined to bed for a week. 她手术之後已卧床一星期了. * I should hate to be confined in an office all day. 我讨厌整天关在办公室里. 2 [Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth to sth restrict or keep sb/sth within certain limits 将某人[某事物]限制在一定范围以内: * I wish the speaker would confine himself to the subject. 我希望演讲者不要离题. * Confine your criticism to matters you understand. 发表评论时不要超出自己所了解的事情的范围. 派生： confined adj (of space) limited; restricted （指空间）有限的, 受限制的: It is hard to work efficiently in such a confined space. 在这样狭小的空间里工作很难提高效率. confinement n 1 [U] being confined; imprisonment 限制; 监禁: to be placed in confinement, ie in a prison, mental hospital, etc 被监禁, 禁闭（坐牢、 被关进精神病院里等） * The prisoner was sentenced to three months' solitary confinement, ie kept apart from other prisoners. 那犯人被判处单独监禁叁个月（与其他犯人隔离）. 2 (a) [U] time during which a baby is being born 分娩期: Her confinement was approaching. 她的分娩期临近了. (b) [C] instance of this; birth 分娩; 生育: The doctor has been called to a home confinement, ie a birth taking place at the mother's home rather than in hospital. 那医生被请到产妇家里接生.

confirm
[kEn5fE:m; kEn5fEm] v 1 [Tn, Tf] provide evidence for the truth or correctness of (a report, an opinion, etc); establish the truth of 证实, 证明（报告、 意见等）的正确性; 确认: * The rumours of an attack were later confirmed. 发动攻击的谣传後来得到了证实. * The announcement confirmed my suspicions. 这项通告证明了我的猜疑属实. * Please write to confirm your reservation, ie send a letter to support a booking made by telephone. 请来信确认一下您所预订的项目（来信确认在电话中预订的项目）. * When asked, she confirmed that she was going to retire. 有人问她时, 她肯定了她将要退休. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.n/a] ~sth; ~ sb (as/in sth) ratify (a treaty, appointment, etc); make definite or establish more firmly (power, a position, etc) 批准（条约、 任命等）; 肯定, 巩固或加强（权力、 地位等）: * The new minister will be confirmed in office by the Queen. 新的部长将由女王批准任职. * After a six-month probationary period, she was confirmed in her post. 经过六个月的试用期之後, 她获准正式任该职. * The incident confirmed him in (ie established more firmly) his dislike of dogs. 出了这件事之後他就更加不喜欢狗了. 3 [Tn] admit (sb) to full membership of the Christian Church （教会）给（某人）施坚信礼（使之成为正式教徒）: * She was baptized when she was a month old and confirmed when she was thirteen. 她出生一个月时受洗礼, 十叁岁时行坚信礼. 派生： confirmed adj [attrib 作定语] settled in a particular habit or state 习惯的; 根深蒂固的: a confirmed bachelor, ie a single man who is unlikely to marry 抱独身主义的男子 * a confirmed drunkard, gambler, etc 饮酒、 赌博等成癖的人.

confirmation
[7kCnfE'meiFn; 7kanfl'meFEn] n [U, C] confirming or being confirmed 证实; 证明; 批准; 肯定; 巩固; 加强; 坚信礼: * We are waiting for confirmation of our onward reservations, ie waiting to be told that our further travel bookings are still valid. 我们在等候通知预定的下一步行程是否落实. * The bishop conducted a number of confirmations at the service. 主教在仪式上为许多人施行了坚信礼.

confiscate
[5kCnfiskeit; 5kanfis7ket] v [Tn] take possession of (sb's property) by authority, without payment or compensation 没收（某人的财产）; 充公: * The headmaster confiscated Tommy's pea-shooter. 校长没收了汤米的射豆枪. * If you are caught smuggling goods into the country, they will probably be confiscated. 假若查出你向该国走私货物, 你的货物准得没收. > confiscation[7kCnfi'skeiFn; 7kanfis'keFEn] n [C, U].

conflagration
[7kCnflE'greiFn; 7kanflE'greFEn] n (fml 文) great and destructive fire 大火; 大火灾.

conflate
[kEn5fleit; kEn5flet] v [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] combine (two sets of information, texts, etc) into one 将（两种资料、 文本等）合而为一; 混合: * The results of the two experiments were conflated. 这两项实验的结果合并在一起了. * Can these two definitions be conflated, or must they be kept separate? 这两个定义可以合成一个呢, 还是必须分开? > conflation/ kEn5fleIFn; kEn`fleFEn/ n [U, C].

conflict
[5kCnflikt; 5kanflikt] n [C, U] 1 (a) struggle; fight 斗争; 战斗: * soldiers involved in armed conflict 遭遇武装冲突的士兵. (b) (fig 比喻) serious disagreement; argument; controversy 冲突; 争执; 争论; 论战: * a long and bitter conflict between employers and workers 劳资双方旷日持久的激烈争执. 2 (of opinions, desires, etc) opposition; difference; clash （意见、 欲望等）不合, 分歧, 抵触: * the conflict between one's duty and one's desires 责任与欲望之间的矛盾 * a conflict of interests, ie between the achievement of one aim and that of another 利害冲突 * Your statement is in conflict with the rest of the evidence. 你的陈述同其馀证据有矛盾. 派生： conflict/kEn5flikt; kEn5flikt] v [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) be in opposition or disagreement; be incompatible; clash 不合; 不一致; 冲突; 抵触: * A and B conflict/A conflicts with B. A和B相冲突. * The statements of the two witnesses conflict. 两个证人的证词不一致. * Their account of events conflicts with ours. 他们对事件的说法与我们的说法截然不同.

confluence
[5kCnfluEns; 5kanfluEns] n 1 place where two rivers flow together and become one （两河）汇流点, 汇合处: * the confluence of the Blue Nile and the White Nile 青尼罗河与白尼罗河的交汇处. 2 (fml 文) coming together, esp of large numbers of people 汇合, 汇集（尤指大群的人）. 派生： confluent[5kCnfluEnt; 5kanfluEnt] adj (fml 文) flowing or coming together; uniting 汇流的; 汇合的; 联合的.

conform
[kEn5fC:m; kEn5fCrm] v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (to sth) keep to or comply with (generally accepted rules, standards, etc) 符合或遵守（公认的规则、 准则等）: * her refusal to conform (to the normal social conventions) 她的拒绝遵从（正常的社会习俗） * The building does not conform to safety regulations. 这座建 物不符合安全条例. 2 [Ipr] ~ with/to sth agree or be consistent with sth 与某事物相符合或相一致: * His ideas do not conform with mine. 他的想法跟我的不一致. 派生： conformist/kEn5fC:mist; kEn5fCrmist] n person who conforms to accepted behaviour, the established religion, etc 循规蹈矩的人; 墨守成规的人: * She's too much of a conformist to wear silly clothes. 她很古板, 不穿那些奇装异服. conformity/kEn5fC:mEti; kEn5fCrmEti] n 1 [U] ~ (to/with sth) (fml 文) (behaviour, etc) conforming to established rules, customs, etc 符合, 依照（法规、 习俗等）（的行为等）. 2 (idm 习语) in conformity with sth (fml 文) in accordance with sth; obeying sth 与某事物相一致; 顺从某事物: * act in conformity with the rules, law, etc 依照规定、 法律等行事 * in conformity with your request, instructions, wishes, etc 遵照你的要求、 指示、 愿望等.

conformation
[7kCnfC:'meiFn; 7kanfCr'meFEn] n [U, C] (fml 文) way in which sth is formed; structure 构造; 结构.

confound
[kEn5faund; kan'faund] v 1 [Tn] (dated or fml 旧或文) puzzle and surprise (sb); perplex 使（某人）困惑和惊奇; 使迷惑: * His behaviour amazed and confounded her. 他的所作所为让她感到既惊愕又困惑. * I was confounded to hear that... 我听到...感到大惑不解. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) (dated 旧) confuse (ideas, etc) 使（思想等）混乱. 3 [Tn] (dated or fml 旧或文) (a) defeat (sb) 击败（某人）: * confound an enemy, a rival, a critic, etc 击败敌人、 对手、 批评者等. (b) prevent (sth); thwart 防碍, 挫败（某事物）: * confound a plan, an attempt, etc 挫败计划、 企图等. 4 [Tn] (infml 口) (used as an interj to express anger 用作叹词表示愤怒): * Confound it! 真讨厌! * Confound you! 去你的! 派生： confounded adj [attrib 作定语] (infml 口) (used to emphasize one's annoyance 用以强调厌烦之意): You're a confounded nuisance! 你真讨厌死了!confoundedly adv (infml 口) very 非常: It's confoundedlyhot. 极热的.

confront
[kEn5frQnt; kEn5frQnt] v 1 [Tn.pr] ~ sb with sb/sth make sb face or consider sb/sth unpleasant, difficult, etc 使某人面对或正视令人不快、 令人头疼等的人[事物]: * They confronted the prisoner with his accusers. 他们让犯人与原告对质. * When confronted with the evidence of her guilt, she confessed. 她面对罪证供认不讳. 2 [Tn] (a) (of a difficulty, etc) face (sb) threateningly; oppose （指困难等）临到（某人）头上; 面临: * the problems confronting us 摆在我们面前的问题 * Confronted by an angry crowd the police retreated. 警察面对愤怒的人群只好後撤了. (b) face (sth) defiantly 对抗或面对（某事物）: * A soldier often has to confront danger. 士兵常常要身临险境. 派生： confrontation[7kCnfrQn'teiFn; 7kanfrQn'teFEn] n [C, U] (instance of) angry opposition 对抗; 对抗的事物: * a confrontation between the Government and the unions 政府与工会之间的对抗.

Confucian
[kEn5fju:Fn; kEn5fjuFEn] adj, n (follower) ofConfucius/kEn5fju:FEs; kEn5fjuFEs] , the Chinese philosopherand teacher (551-479 BC) 孔子的; 崇奉孔子的; 儒家的; 孔子的信徒.

confuse
[kEn5fju:z; kEn5fjuz] v 1 [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] make (sb) unable to think clearly; puzzle; bewilder 把（某人）弄糊涂; 使迷惑; 使为难: * They confused me by asking so many questions. 他们提了一大堆问题, 把我都弄糊涂了. 2 [Tn] put (sth) into disorder; upset 把（某事物）搞乱; 打乱: * Her unexpected arrival confused all our plans. 她突然来到把我们所有的计划全打乱了. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ A and/with B mistake one person or thing for another 把此人或此物误当作彼人或彼物; 混淆: * I always confuse the sisters: * they look so alike.我总是分不出这对姐妹, 她们看上去简直一模一样. * Don't confuse Austria and/with Australia. 不要把奥地利跟澳大利亚弄混淆了. * This construction should not be confused with the regular passive. 这种句法结构不可与按规则变化的被动语态相混淆. 4 [Tn] make (sth) unclear; muddle 使（某事物）模糊不清; 使含糊: * a confused argument 自相矛盾的论点 * Don't confuse the issue, eg by introducing irrelevant topics. 不要把问题搅乱（如提出无关的话题）. 派生： confused adj 1 unable to think clearly; bewildered 糊涂的; 迷乱的: All your changes of plan have made me totally confused. 你把计划改来改去, 我都糊涂了. * The old lady easily gets confused. 这个老太婆容易迷糊. 2 mixed up; not clear 混杂的; 不清楚的: a confused account of what happened 对发生的事杂乱无章的叙述. confusedly[-idli; -idli] adv. confusing adj difficult to understand; puzzling 莫名其妙的; 难以理解的: a most confusing speech 完全莫名其妙的讲话 * The instructions on the box are very confusing. 盒子上的使用说明含混不清. confusingly adv.

confusion
[kEn5fju:Vn; kEn5fjuVEn] n [U] 1 bewilderment or embarrassment 迷乱; 惶惑: * gazing in confusion at the strange sight 惶惑地凝视着这种奇怪的景象. 2 disorder 混乱; 杂乱: * Her unexpected arrival threw us into total confusion. 她来得很突然, 使我们完全不知所措. 3 mistaking of one person or thing for another 混淆; 混同: * There has been some confusion of names. 有些名字弄混了. 4 state of uncertainty 不确定状态: * There is some confusion about what the right procedure should be. 对应该采取怎样的步骤这一点还不太明确.

confute
[kEn5fju:t; kEn5fjut] v [Tn] (fml 文) prove (a person or an argument) to be wrong 证明（某人或某论点）有误; 驳倒. > confutation[7kCnfju:'teiFn; 7kan-fju'teFEn] n [U, C].

conga
[5kCNgE; 5kaNgE] n (music for a) lively dance in which the dancers follow a leader linked together in a long winding line 康茄舞; 康茄舞乐曲.

congeal
[kEn5dVi:l; kEn5dVil] v [I, Tn] (of a liquid) (cause to) become thick or solid, esp by cooling （指液体）（使）变浓或凝结（尤指遇冷冻结）: * The blood had congealed round the cut on her knee. 血液在她的膝盖伤口周围凝固了. * Use hot water to rinse the congealed fat off the dinner plates. 用热水把菜盘上凝结的油渍冲洗掉.

congenial
[kEn5dVi:niEl; kEn5dVinjEl] adj 1 (of people) pleasing because of similarities in temperament, interests,etc （指人）（因性情、 志趣等相近）彼此合得来的, 意气相投的: * a congenial companion 情投意合的伴侣. 2 ~ (to sb) agreeable or pleasant because suited to one's nature or tastes 适合於自己的天性或癖好的: * a congenial climate, environment, hobby 适意的气候、 环境、 消遣 * I find this aspect of my job particularly congenial. 我觉得我的工作的这一方面特别适合於我. > congeniality/kEn7dVi:ni'AlEti; kEn7dVini'AlEti] n [U]. congenially[-iEli; -jEli] adv.

congenital
[kEn5dVenitl; kEn5dVenEtl] adj 1 (of diseases, etc) present from or before birth （指疾病等）天生的, 先天的: * congenital defects, blindness, etc 先天性缺陷、 失明等. 2 [attrib 作定语] (of people) born with a certain illness or condition （指人）生来有某种疾病或状况的: * a congenital idiot, syphilitic, etc 先天性白痴、 梅毒患者等.

conger
[5kCNgE(r); 5kaNgl] n (also ,conger `eel) large type of sea eel 康吉鳗（一种大海鳗）.

congested
[kEn5dVestid; kEn5dVestid] adj 1 ~ (with sth) too full; overcrowded 拥挤不堪的; 充塞的: * streets congested with traffic 交通拥塞的街道. 2 (a) (of parts of the body, eg the lungs) abnormally full of blood （指身体的部分, 如肺部）充血的. (b) (of the nose) blocked with mucus （指鼻子）因鼻涕多而不通的: * He had a cold and was very congested. 他患了感冒, 鼻子不通.

congestion
[kEn5dVestFEn; kEn5dVestFEn] n [U] state of being congested 拥挤; 充塞; 充血; 鼻腔阻塞: * traffic congestion 交通拥塞 * congestion of the lungs 肺充血.

conglomerate
[kEn5glCmErEt; kEn5glamErit] n 1 materials gathered together into a rounded mass （聚集成团的）聚合物. 2 rock made of small stones held together by cement, dried clay, etc （由小石块用水泥、 泥等粘结而成的）岩块. 3 (commerce 商) large corporation formed by merging several different firms （通过合并若干企业而组建的）大公司, 企业集团: * a mining, chemical, etc conglomerate 矿业、 化工等企业集团. 派生：conglomeration/kEn7glCmE'reiFn; kEn7glamE're-FEn] n 1 [C] (infml 口) assortment of different things gathered together or found in the same place 聚集物; 收集物: * a conglomeration of rusty old machinery 一堆生锈的旧机器. 2 [U] process of becoming, or state of being, a conglomerate 聚集过程; 组建成企业集团的过程; 聚集状态.

congratulate
[kEn5grAtFuleit; kEn5grAtFE7let] v [Tn, Tn.pr] 1 ~ sb (on sth) tell sb that one is pleased about his good fortune or achievements 祝贺; 庆贺; 道喜: * congratulate sb on his marriage, new job, good exam results, etc 祝贺某人结婚、 找到新工作、 考试成绩优良等. 2 ~ oneself (on/upon (doing) sth) consider oneself fortunate or successful; be proud (of sth) 认为自己幸运或成功; （为某事物而）自鸣得意: * You can congratulate yourself on having done a good job. 你的工作做得很出色, 你应该感到自豪. 派生： congratulatory/kEn5grAtFulEtEri; - -tC:ri; kEn5grAtFElE7tCri] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] intended to congratulate 祝贺的: * congratulatory words, letters, telegrams, etc 贺词、 贺信、 贺电.

congratulation
[kEn7grAtFu'leiFn; kEn7grAtFE'leFEn] n 1 [U] congratulating or being congratulated 祝贺或受到祝贺: * a speech of congratulation for the winner 对获胜者的贺词. 2 congratulations [pl] (a) words ofcongratulation 贺词: * offer sb one's congratulations on his success 祝贺某人成功. (b) (used as an interj 用作叹词): * You've passed your driving test? Congratulations! 你驾驶测验合格了? 向你道喜! * Congratulations on winning the prize! 祝贺你获奖!

congregate
[5kCngrigeit; 5kaNgri7get] v [I] come together in a crowd 集合; 聚集: * A crowd quickly congregated (round the speaker). 大群的人迅速地（在演说者周围）聚集起来.

congregation
[7kCNgri5geiFn; 7kaNgri5geFEn] n [CGp] 1 group of people gathered together for religious worship (usu excluding the priest and choir) （参加宗教礼拜式的）会众（通常不包括牧师和唱诗班）. 2 group of people who regularly attend a particular church, etc 教堂会众（定期参加某教会活动等的人群）. 派生： congregational adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] 1 of a congregation 会众的. 2 Congregational of a union of Christian churches in which individual congregations are responsible for their own affairs 公理会的.

congress
[5kCNgres; - -grEs; 5kaNgrEs] n [CGp] 1 formal meeting or series of meetings for discussion between representatives 代表大会: * a medical, international, etc congress 医学、 国际等会议 * the Church Congress 教会代表大会. 2 Congress law-making body, eg of the USA 国会（立法机关, 如美国国会）. Cf 参看 senate 1. 派生： congressional adj/kEn5greFEnl; kEn5greFEnl] of a congress or Congress 代表大会的; 国会的; 最高立法机关的: * a congressional investigation, committee 代表大会的审查、 委员会等. `Congressman[-mEn; -mEn] n (pl -men / -mEn;-mEn), 5Congresswoman n (pl -women) member of the ?@ Congress 美国国会议员.

congruent
[5kCngruEnt; 5kaNgruEnt] adj 1 (geometry 几) having the same size and shape 全等的: * congruent triangles 全等叁角形. 2 (also congruous) ~ (with sth) (fml 文) suitable; fitting 适合的; 适当的; 相称的: * measures congruent with the seriousness of the situation 针对情况的严重性而采取的措施.

congruous
[5kCNgruEs; 5kaNgruEs] adj ~ (with sth) (fml 文) = congruent2. > congruity/kCN'gru:Eti; kEn5gruEti] n [U].

conic
[5kCnik; 5kanik] adj (geometry 几) of a cone 圆锥的: * conic sections, ie the shapes formed when a cone is intersected by a plane 圆锥截面. 派生： conical[5kCnikl; 5kanikl] adj cone-shaped 圆锥形的: * a conical hat, shell, hill 锥形的帽子、 贝壳、 小山.

conifer
[5kCnifE(r), also 'kEun-; 5kanEfl; 5kon-] n type of tree (eg pine, fir) that bears cones (cone 3) 针叶树（如松树、 枞树、 结球果）. 派生： coniferous/kE'nifErEs; - kEu'n-; ko'nifErEs] adj (of trees) bearing cones （指树）结球果的, 针叶树的.

conjecture
[kEn5dVektFE(r); kEn5dVektFl] v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tf] ~ (about sth) (fml 文) form (and express) an opinion not based on firm evidence; guess 推测; 猜测: * It was just as I had conjectured. 这正如我所猜测的. * Don't conjecture about the outcome. 不要对结果妄加猜测. * What made you conjecture that? 是什麽促使你推测出这样的结论? 派生： conjecture n 1 [C] guess 猜测; 推测: I was right in my conjectures. 我所猜测的都应验了. 2 [U] guessing 猜测; 推测: What the real cause was is open to conjecture. 真正的原因是什麽尽可任凭猜测. * Your theory is pure conjecture. 你的理论纯粹是主观臆测. conjectural/ kEn5dVektFErEl; kEn`dVZktFErEl/ adj based on conjecture 推测的; 猜测的.

conjoin
[kEn5dVCin; kEn5dVCin] v [I, Tn] (fml 文) (cause people or things to) join together; unite （使）结合; 联合. 派生： conjoint/kEn5dVCint, 'kCndVCint; kEn5dVCint] adj (fml 文) united; associated 结合的; 联合的. conjointlyadv.

conjugal
[5kCndVugl; 5kandVugl] adj (fml 文) of marriage or the relationship between a husband and a wife 婚姻的; 夫妻之间的: * conjugal life, bliss, rights 婚姻的生活、 美满、 权利. > conjugally[-gEli; -gli] adv.

conjugate
[5kCndVugeit; 5kandVu7get] v (grammar) 1 [Tn] give the different forms of (a verb), as they vary according to number, tense, etc 列举（动词）的变化形式（单复数、 时态等）. 2 [I] (of a verb) have different forms showing number, tense, etc （指动词）有数、 时态等词形变化: * How does this verb conjugate? 这个动词有哪些变化形式? 派生： conjugation[7kCndVu'geiFn; 7kandVE'geFEn] n 1 [C, U] (method of) conjugating 动词的词形变化（法）: * a verb with an irregular conjugation 不规则的动词. 2 [C] class of verbs that conjugate in the same way 词形变化相似的一类动词: * Latin verbs of the second conjugation 属於第二种变化法的拉丁语动词.

conjunction
[kEn5dVQNkFn; kEn5dVQNkFEn] n 1 [C] (grammar) word that joins words, phrases or sentences, eg and, but, or 连词（用以连接词、 词组或句子的词, 如 and、 but、 or）. 2 (fml 文) (a) [C] combination (of events, etc) （事件等的）结合, 同时发生: * an unusual conjunction of circumstances 各种情况偶然的巧合. (b) [U] joining or being joined together; blend 结合; 连在一起; 混和: * the conjunction of workmanship and artistry in making jewellery 在珠宝饰物的制造中手工与艺术的结合. 3 (idm 习语) in conjunction with sb/sth together with sb/sth 与某人[某事物]一道: * We are working in conjunction with the police. 我们与警方配合进行工作.

conjunctive
[kEn5dVQNktiv; kEn5dVQNktiv] adj (esp grammar 尤作语法用语) that joins or connects 连接的; 联结的: * a conjunctive adverb 连接副词. 派生： conjunctive n conjuction(1) 连词.

conjunctivitis
[kCn7dVQNkti'vaitis; kEn7dVQNktE'vaitis] n [U] inflammation of the thin transparent membrane which covers the eyeball 结膜炎.

conjuncture
[kEn5dVQNktFE(r); kEn5dVQNktFl] n (fml 文) combination (of events or circumstances); conjunction(2a) （事件或情况的）结合; 同时发生.

conjure
1[5kQndVE(r); 5kQndVl] v 1 [I] do clever tricks which seem magical, esp with quick movements of the hands 变戏法, 变魔术（尤指手法手法敏捷的）: * learn how to conjure 学变戏法. 2 (idm 习语) a name to conjure with => name. 3 (phr v) conjure sth up (a) make sth appear as a picture in the mind 使某事物浮现於脑际: * a tune which conjures up pleasant memories 唤起美好回忆的曲调. (b) ask (a spirit) to appear (esp by using a magic ceremony) 祈求（鬼魂）显灵（尤指使用巫术的）: * conjure up the spirits of the dead 念咒召死者的魂灵. conjure sth up; conjure sth (up) from/out of sth make sth appear suddenly or unexpectedly, as if by magic （如变戏法般）使某事物突然地或意外地出现: I had lost my pen, but she conjured up another one for me from somewhere. 我把钢笔弄丢了, 可是她像变戏法似的不知从什麽地方又给我弄来一枝. * conjuring a delicious meal out of a few unpromising ingredients 用一些毫不出奇的材料做出了一顿美餐. 派生： conjurer (also conjuror)[5kQndVErE(r); 5kQndVErl] n person who performs conjuring tricks 变戏法的人; 魔术师. Cf 参看 magician (magic). conjuring[5kQndVEriN; 5kQndVEriN] n [U] performing of clever tricks which seem magical, esp involving quick movements of the hands 变戏法; 变魔术: * [attrib 作定语] a `conjuring trick 戏法; 魔术; 把戏.

conk
1[kCNk; kaNk] n (Brit sl 俚) nose 鼻子.

conker
[5kCNkE(r); 5kaNkl] n (infml 口 esp Brit) horse-chestnut 七叶树果. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page i.

connect
[kE'nekt; kE'nekt] v 1 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (up) (to/with sth) come or bring together or into contact; join 连接; 联结; 结合: * The wires connect (up) under the floor. 电线是在地板下接通的. * Where does the cooker connect with the gas-pipe? 煤气炉在什麽地方与煤气管道衔接? * The two towns are connected by a railway. 这两个市镇通火车. * A railway connects Oxford and/with Reading. 牛津与雷丁之间有铁路相连. * Connect the fridge (up) to the electricity supply. 接通冰箱的电源. * The thigh bone is connected to the hip bone. 股骨连着髋骨. * The two rooms have a connecting door, ie so that you can go straight from one room into the other. 这两个房间有门相通. * an ill-connected narrative 缺乏连贯性的叙述. 2 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr usu passive 通常用於被动语态] ~ sb (with sb/sth) associate sb (with sb/sth); relate sb (to sb/sth) 使某人（与某人[某事物]）有联系; 使有关系: * a man connected with known criminals 与人所共知的罪犯有关系的人 * The two men are connected by marriage. 这两个男子是姻亲. * She is connected with a noble family. 她是某名门望族的亲戚. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (with sb/sth) think of (different things or people) as being related to each other 用想像把（不同事物或人）联系起来; 联想: * I was surprised to hear them mentioned together: * I've never connected them before. 听到有人把他们俩扯在一起, 我感到很惊奇, 我以前从未想到过他们之间有什麽关系. * People connect Vienna with waltzes and coffee-houses. 人们一提到维也纳就会联想到华尔兹圆舞曲和咖啡馆. 3 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) (of a train, plane, etc) be timed to arrive so that passengers can transfer from or to another train, plane, etc （指火车、 飞机等）安排好到达时间以便使中转的旅客换乘另一火车、 飞机等; 实行联运: * These two planes connect. 这两架班机在时间上互相衔接.

connect1
* The 9:00 am train from London connects with the 12:05 pm from Crewe. 上午9时自伦敦开出的列车可接上下午connection /// (Brit also connexion)[kE'nekFn; kE'nekFEn] n 1 (a) [U] connecting or being connected 连接; 联结: * How long will the connection of the telephone take? ie How long will it take to install a telephone and connect it to the exchange? 安装电话机与总机接通要多长时间? (b) [C] ~ between sth and sth; ~ with/to sth point where two things are connected; thing that connects 连接点; 连接物: * There's a faulty connection in the fuse-box. 保险丝盒里接错了线. * What is the connection between the two ideas, ie How are they linked? 这两个概念之间有什麽联系? * Is there a connection between smoking and lung cancer? 吸烟跟肺癌是否有关? * His dismissal has no connection with (ie is not due to) the quality of his work. 他被解雇一事与他的工作好坏无关. 2 [C] train, plane, etc timed to leave a station, airport, etc soon after the arrival of another, enabling passengers to change from one to the other （供中转旅客及时换乘的）联运交通工具（如火车、 飞机等）: * The train was late and I missed my connection. 列车误点了, 我没能赶上联运. 3 [C usu pl 通常作复数] person whom one knows socially or through business, esp one who has influence or high rank 熟人, 生意上的关系户（尤指有权有势的）: * I heard about it through one of my business connections. 我通过一个生意上的关系户知道了这件事. 4 connections [pl] relatives 亲属; 亲戚: * She is British but also has German connections. 她是英国人, 但也有一些德国亲戚. 5 (idm 习语) in connection with sb/sth with reference to sb/sth 与某人[某事物]有关: * I am writing to you in connection with your job application. 此信是有关你求职一事的. in this/that connection (fml 文) with reference to this/that 关於这[那]一点.

connective
[kE'nektiv; kE'nektiv] adj that connects things 连接的; 起连接作用的: * connective tissue 结缔组织. 派生： connective n thing that connects, esp a linking word 连接物; （尤指）联结词.

conning
tower

connive
[kE'naiv; kE'naiv] v [Ipr] ~ at sth (derog 贬) disregard or seem to allow (a wrong action) 对错误行为视若无睹; 默许; 纵容: * Not to protest is to connive at the destruction of the environment. 对於破坏环境的行为不加反对就等於纵容. 派生： connivance/kE'naivEns; kE'naivEns] n [U] ~ (at/in sth) conniving (at a wrong action) 默许, 纵容（错误的行为）: * a crime carried out with the connivance of/in connivance with the police 在警方的纵容下所犯的罪行. conniving adj acting slyly and unpleasantly so as to harm others 搞阴谋的; 暗算他人的: You conniving bastard! 你这个阴险的家伙!

connoisseur
[7kCnE'sE:(r); 7kanE'sE] n person with good judgement on matters in which appreciation of fineness or beauty is needed, esp the fine arts （尤指艺术品的）鉴赏家, 鉴定家, 行家: * a connoisseur of painting, antiques, wine 绘画、 古瓷、 古董、 葡萄酒鉴定家.

connote
[kE'nEut; kE'not] v [Tn, Tf] (of words) suggest (sth) in addition to the main meaning （指词语）含有某种附加意义: * a term connoting disapproval/that one disapproves of sth 暗含不赞成[不赞成某事物]的词语. 派生： connotation[7kCnE'teiFn; 7kanE'teFEn] n idea which a word makes one think of in addition to the main meaning 隐含意义; 言外之意: * The word `hack' means `journalist' but has derogatory connotations. hack 一词意为‘新闻记者’, 但含贬义.

connubial
[kE'nju:biEl; - -'nu:-; kE'nubiEl] adj (fml or joc 文或谑) of marriage; of husband and wife 婚姻的; 夫妻的: * connubial life, bliss, etc 夫妻生活、 和睦等.

conquer
[5kCNkE(r); 5kCNkl] v [Tn] 1 (a) take possession of (sth) by force 以武力占领, 征服（某事物）: * The Normans conquered England in 1066. 诺曼人於1066年征服了英国. (b) (fig 比喻) gain the admiration, love, etc of (sb/sth) 赢得（某人[某事物]的赞誉、 爱慕等: * He set out to conquer the literary world of London. 他决心赢得伦敦文学界的赞誉. * She has conquered the hearts of many men, ie they have fallen in love with her. 她已使许多男子倾心. 2 (a) defeat (an enemy, a rival, etc) 击败 （敌人、 对手等）: * England conquered their main rivals in the first round of the competition. 英格兰队在第一轮比赛中就击败了主要对手. (b) (fig 比喻) overcome (an obstacle, emotion, etc) 克服（障碍、 情绪等）: * The mountain was not conquered (ie successfully climbed) until 1953. 1953年以前, 从未有人能攀登到这座山的山顶. * Smallpox has finally been conquered. 天花终於遏制住了. * You must conquer your fear of driving. 你必须克服驾驶车辆的恐惧心理. 派生： conqueror[5kCNkErE(r); 5kaNkErl] n person who conquers 征服者: * William the Conqueror, ie King William I of England. 征服者威廉（英国国王威廉一世）.

conquest
[5kCNkwest; 5kaNkwest] n 1 [U] conquering (eg of a country and its people); defeat 征服（如某国家及其人民）; 击败: * the Norman Conquest, ie of England by the Normans in 1066 诺曼人的征服（即1066年诺曼人征服英国） * the conquest of cancer 战胜癌症. 2 [C] (a) thing got by conquering 掠取物; 战利品: * the Roman conquests in Africa 罗马人在非洲的征服所得. (b) person whose admiration or (esp) love has been gained 仰慕者; 崇拜者; （尤指）爱情的俘虏: * He is one of her many conquests. 她倾倒众生, 他是其中之一. * You've made quite a conquest there, ie He or she likes you! 你很招人喜爱!

conquistador
[kCn'kwistEdC:(r); kan'kwistE7dCr] n (pl ~s or ~es) one of the Spanish conquerors of Mexico and Peru in the 16th century （16世纪征服墨西哥和秘鲁的）西班牙征服者.

consanguinity
[7kCnsAN'gwinEti; 7kansAN'gwinEti] n [U] (fml 文) relationship by being descended from the same family 血亲; 血缘; 血族: * close ties of consanguinity 很近的血亲关系.

conscience
[5kCnFEns; 5kanFEns] n [C, U] 1 person's awareness of right and wrong with regard to his own thoughts and actions 良心; 是非感: * have a clear/guilty conscience, ie feel one has done right/wrong 问心无[有]愧 * After she had committed the crime, her conscience was troubled, ie she felt very guilty. 她犯罪後, 良心上感到很不安. * She cheerfully cheats and lies; she's got no conscience at all. 她以撒谎和骗人为乐, 完全没有良心. * I must go. It's a matter of conscience, ie I think it would be morally wrong not to go. 我必须去, 这是有关良心的事（不去对不起自己的良心）. * prisoners of conscience, ie people imprisoned because they believe it is wrong to support a political system, etc 政治犯（认为拥护某政治制度等是错误的因而被关押者）. 2 (idm 习语) ease sb's conscience/mind => ease2. have sth on one's conscience feel troubled about sth one has done or failed to do 因做了某事或未能做某事而内疚: * He has several murders on his conscience. 他因为谋害了几个人而受到良心的谴责. in all conscience by any reasonable standard 当然; 的确; 凭良心: * You cannot in all conscience regard that as fair pay. 你在良心上总不能认为那样的报酬算是合理的吧. on one's `conscience making one feel one has done wrong, or left sth undone 使人觉得自己做错了事或该做某事而未做: * It's still on my conscience that I didn't warn her in time. 我未能及时提醒她, 这事至今使我耿耿於怀. search one's heart/conscience => search. 复合： `conscience money money paid to make one feel less guilty, esp when one should have paid it before 为求心安而付出的钱（尤指早就应付的钱）. `conscience-stricken[-strikEn; -7strikEn] filled with remorse 於心不安的; 受良心责备的.

conscientious
[7kCnFi'enFEs; 7kanFi'enFEs] adj 1 (of people or conduct) careful to do what one ought to do, and do it as well as one can （指人或行为）认真的, 尽责的: * a conscientious worker, pupil, attitude 勤勤恳恳的工作人员、 学生、 态度. 2 (of actions) done with great care and attention （指行动）小心谨慎的: * This essay is a most conscientious piece of work. 这篇论文是精雕细刻的工作. > conscientiously adv. conscientiousness n [U]. 复合： ,conscientious ob`jector person who refuses to serve in the armed forces because he thinks it is morally wrong （因觉不合道义）拒服兵役者. Cf 参看 pacifist (pacifism).

conscious
[5kCnFEs; 5kanFEs] adj 1 knowing what is going on around one because one is able to use bodily senses and mental powers; awake 感觉到的; 意识到的; 清醒的: * He was in a coma for days, but now he's (fully) conscious again. 他昏迷了几天, 但现在又（完全）清醒了. * She spoke to us in her conscious moments. 她神志清醒时跟我们说过话. 2 ~ of sth/that... aware; noticing 知道的; 察觉的; 注意到的: * be conscious of being watched/that one is being watched 察觉有人在监视自己 * Are you conscious (of) how people will regard such behaviour? 你知道人们对这种行为是怎样看待的吗? 3 (of actions, feelings, etc) realized by oneself; intentional （指行为、 感情等）自觉的; 蓄意的: * One's conscious motives are often different from one's subconscious ones. 一个人有明显动机的举动跟下意识的举动往往截然不同. * I had to make a conscious effort not to be rude to him. 我得刻意约束自己不要对他粗鲁. 4 being particularly aware of and interested in the thing mentioned 对所提到的事物具有深刻认识和浓厚兴趣的: * trying to make the workers more politically conscious 努力提高工人的政治觉悟 * Teenagers are very `fashion-conscious. 青少年很讲究时髦. > consciously adv.

consciousness
[5kCnFEsnis; 5kanFEsnis] n [U] 1 (a) state of being conscious(1) 知觉; 清醒状态: * The blow caused him to lose consciousness. 那一击打得他失去了知觉. * recover/regain consciousness after an accident 事故之後恢复知觉. (b) ~ (of sth/that...) state of being aware; awareness 明 ; 觉悟: * my consciousness of her needs 我对她的需求的了解 * class consciousness, ie awareness of the struggle between social classes and strong attachment to one's own class 阶级觉悟. 2 all the ideas, thoughts, feelings, etc of a person or people 意识: * attitudes that are deeply ingrained in the English consciousness 深深扎根於英国人意识中的看法.

conscript
[kEn5skript; kEn5skript] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (into sth) force sb by law to serve in the armed forces 徵召某人服兵役: * conscripted into the army 被徵入伍 * (fig 比喻) I got conscripted into the team when their top player was injured. 他们的尖子队员受了伤, 就把我召去了. Cf 参看 draft. 派生： conscript[5kCnskript; 5kanskript] n person who has been conscripted 被徵入伍者; 应徵人员: * [attrib 作定语] conscript soldiers 应徵士兵 * a conscript army 应徵部队. Cf 参看 volunteer 2. conscription/kEn5skripFn; kEn5skripFEn] n [U] conscripting of people into the armed forces 徵兵; 招兵.

consecrate
[5kCnsikreit; 5kansi7kret] v 1 [Tn, Cn.n] bring (sth) into religious use or (sb) into a religious office by a special ceremony 把（某事物）奉献（作宗教用途）; 行仪式使（某人）就任圣职: * The new church was consecrated by the Bishop of Chester. 在切斯特的主教主持下举行了新教堂的奉献礼. * He was consecrated Archbishop last year. 他於去年就任大主教之圣职. 2 [Tn.pr] ~ sth/sb to sth reserve sth/sb for or devote sth/sb to a special (esp religious) purpose 将某物[某人]留给或献给某事物[某人]作某种（尤指宗教的）用途: * consecrate one's life to the service of God, to the relief of suffering 献身於为神服务[解除世人苦难]的事业. Cf 参看 dedicate 3. 派生： consecration[7kCnsi'kreiFn; 7kansi'kreFEn] n [C, U] (instance of) consecrating or being consecrated 献祭; 献身; 授圣职的仪式: * the consecration of a bishop, ie the ceremony at which a priest is made a bishop 主教授职礼（由神父升为主教的仪式）.

consecutive
[kEn5sekjutiv; kEn5sekjEtiv] adj coming one after the other without interruption; following continuously 顺序来的; 连续不断的: * on three consecutive days, Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday 星期一、 星期二、 星期叁连续叁天. > consecutively adv.

consensus
[kEn5sensEs; kEn5sensEs] n [C, U] ~ (on sth/that...) agreement in opinion; collective opinion 意见一致; 共同看法: * The two parties have reached a consensus. 这两个政党达成了一致意见. * There is broad consensus (of opinion) in the country on this issue. 对这一问题举国上下（舆论）普遍一致. * [attrib 作定语] consensus politics, ie the practice of proposing policies which will be given support by (nearly) all parties 以协商为基础的政治.

consent
[kEn5sent; kEn5sent] v [I, Ipr, It] ~ (to sth) give agreement or permission 同意; 允许: * She made the proposal, and I readily consented (to it). 她提出了这个建议, 我欣然同意. * She won't consent to him staying out late/to his staying out late. 她不允许他呆在外面太晚. * They finally consented (ie agreed) to go with us. 他们终於同意了和我们一块走. * sex between consenting adults, ie who both agree to it 成年人之间两相情愿的性行为. 派生： consent n [U] 1 ~ (to sth) agreement; permission 同意; 允许: Her parents refused their consent to the marriage. 她的父母不答应这门婚事. * He gave his consent for the project to get under way. 他同意将这个计划付诸实施. * She was chosen as leader by common consent, ie Everyone agreed to the choice. 她是经一致同意而当选为领导人的. * Silence implies consent, ie One is assumed to agree if one remains silent. 沉默意味着同意. 2 (idm 习语) with one consent (arch 古) unanimously 一致同意地.

consequence
[5kCnsikwEns; - -kwens; 5kansE7kwens] n 1 [C usu pl 通常作复数] thing that is a result or an effect of sth else 结果; 後果; 影响: * Her investment had disastrous consequences: * she lost everything she owned. 她的投资结果很惨, 血本无归. * be ready to take/suffer/bear the consequences of one's actions, ie accept the bad things which happen as a result 准备承担自己行动的後果 * recent developments which could have far-reaching consequences for the country's economy 最近的事态变化, 能够对国家的经济产生深远影响. 2 [U] (fml 文) importance 重要性: * It is of no consequence. 这无关紧要. * He may be a man of consequence (ie an important man or man of high rank) in his own country, but he's nobody here. 他在自己的国家中尽管举足轻重, 但在此地却毫不显眼. 3 (idm 习语) in consequence (of sth) (infml 口) as a result (of sth) 由於（某事物）的缘故; 因而: * She was found guilty, and lost her job in consequence (of it). 她被判有罪, 因而失去了工作.

consequent
[5kCnsikwEnt; 5kansE7kwent] adj ~ (on/upon sth) (fml 文) following sth as a result or an effect 由某事物引起的; 随之发生的: * his resignation and the consequent public uproar 他的辞职以及由此而引起的公众的哗然 * the rise in prices consequent upon the failure of the crops 由於农作物歉收而引起的物价上涨. 派生： consequently adv as a result; therefore 所以; 因而: My car broke down and consequently I was late. 我的汽车坏了, 所以我迟到了.

consequential
[7kCnsi'kwenFl; 7kansE'kwenFEl] adj (fml 文) 1 following as a result or an effect (esp indirect) 随之发生的（尤指间接发生的）; 馀波所及的: * She was injured and suffered a consequential loss of earnings. 她受了伤因而收入受损. 2 (a) of far-reaching importance 有深远重要性的. (b) (derog 贬) (of a person) self-important; pompous （指人）自高自大的, 自负的. > consequentially[-FEli; -FEli] adv.

conservancy
[kEn5sE:vEnsi; kEn5sEvEnsi] n (Brit) 1 (often 常作 Conservancy) [CGp] group of officials controlling a port, a river, an area of land, etc （港口、 河道、 地区等的）管理机构: * the Thames Conservancy 泰晤士河管理委员会 * the Nature Conservancy 自然资源管理委员会. 2 [U] official conservation (of forests, etc) 政府（对森林等）的保护.

conservation
[7kCnsE'veiFn; 7kansl'veFEn] n [U] 1 prevention of loss, waste, damage, destruction, etc 保存; 保护; 避免损失、 浪费、 破坏、 损坏等: * the conservation of forests, water resources, old buildings, etc 对森林、 水源、 古老建 等的保护 * wildlife conservation 对野生动物的保护 * (physics 物) the conservation of energy, ie the principle that the total quantity of energy in the universe never varies 能量守 . 2 preservation of the natural environment 对自然环境的保护: * She is interested in conservation. 她对保护环境这个问题十分关心. 派生： conservationist[-FEnist; 7-FEnist] n person who is interested in conservation(2) 关心环保问题的人; 自然环境保护论者. 复合： conser`vation area (Brit) area protected by law from changes that would damage its natural or architectural character 保护区（受法律保护维持其原有的自然风貌或建 特色的地区.

conservatism
[kEn5sE:vEtizEm; kEn5sEvE7tizEm] n [U] 1 tendency to resist great or sudden change (esp in politics) 抗拒巨变或突变（尤指政治方面）的倾向; 保守性: * people's innate conservatism 人们固有的保守性. 2 (usu 通常作 Conservatism) the principles of the Conservative Party in British politics 保守主义（英国政界保守党的基本信条）.

conservative
[kEn5sE:vEtiv; kEn5sEvEtiv] adj 1 opposed to great or sudden change 反对做大的或突然的改变的; 保守的; 守旧的: * Old people are usually more conservative than young people. 老年人通常比年轻人保守. 2 (usu 通常作 Conservative) of the British Conservative Party 英国保守党的: * Conservative principles, candidates, voters. 英国保守党的政策、 候选人、 投票者. 3 cautious; moderate; avoiding extremes 谨慎的; 稳健的; 避免过激的: * There must have been a thousand people there, at a conservative estimate, ie a low one. 按照保守的估计, 那里一定有一千人. * She is conservative in the way she dresses. 她在衣着上很保守. 派生： conservative n 1 conservative person 思想保守者; 因循守旧者. 2 (usu 通常作 Conservative) member of the British Conservative Party 英国保守党党员. conservatively adv. 复合： the Con`servative Party one of the main British political parties, which supports capitalism and opposes socialism 保守党（英国主要政党之一, 该党拥护资本主义而反对社会主义）. Cf 参看 the Labour Party (labour1), the Liberal Democrats (Liberal).

conservatoire
[kEn5sE:vEtwa:(r); kEn7sEvE'twar] (alsoconservatory) n school of music, drama, etc, esp in Europe （音乐、 戏剧等）专科学校（尤指欧洲大陆的）.

conservatory
[kEn5sE:vEtri; - -tC:ri; kEn5sEvE7tCri] n 1 room with glass walls and roof used to protect plants from cold, built against an outside wall of a house, and with a door into the house 温室. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page vii. 2 = conservatoire.

conserve
[kEn5sE:v; kEn5sEv] v [Tn] prevent (sth) from being changed, lost or destroyed 使（某事物）不变质、 不受损失或不被损坏; 保护; 保藏; 保存: * conserve one's strength, health, resources, etc 保住体力、 健康、 资源等 * new laws to conserve wildlife in the area 保护该地区野生动物的新法令. Cf 参看 preserve. 派生： conserve[5kCnsE:v; 5kansEv] n [C usu pl, U 作可数名词时通常作复数, 亦作不可数名词] jam, typically with quite large pieces of fruit in it 果酱（尤为带成块水果的）; 蜜饯; 果脯. Cf 参看 preserve n.

consider
[kEn5sidE(r); kEn5sidl] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tw, Tg] ~ sb/sth (for/as sth) think about sb/sth, esp in order to make a decision; contemplate sb/sth 考虑某人[某事物]（尤指以做决定为目的者）; 细想: * We have considered your application carefully, but cannot offer you the job. 我们已经仔细地考虑了你的申请, 认为不能聘请你做这份工作. * consider sb for a job/as a candidate 考虑让某人做某工作[作候选人] * Have you considered how to get there? 你是否考虑过如何到达那里? * We are considering going to Canada, ie we may go there. 我们正考虑到加拿大去. 2 [Tf, Cn.a, Cn.n, Cn.n/a, Cn.t] ~ sb/sth as sth be of the opinion; regard sb/sth as sth 认为; 视某人[某事物]为: * We consider that you are not to blame. 我们认为不该责怪你. * We consider this (to be) very important. 我们认为这非常重要. * Do you consider it wise to interfere? 你认为应该干预吗? * He will be considered a weak leader. 他会被认为是个软弱无能的领导人. * a painting previously considered as worthless, but which now turns out to be very valuable 一幅先前认为毫无价值的画, 现在却变成了珍品 * He's generally considered to have the finest tenor voice in the country. 现在公认他是该国最佳的男高音歌手. * (fml 文) He's very well considered (ie people have a high opinion of him) within the company. 他在公司中受到很高的评价. * Consider yourself (ie You are) under arrest. 你已被逮捕. 3 [Tn] take (sth) into account; make allowances for 考虑到（某事物）; 体谅: * We must consider the feelings of other people. 我们必须顾及他人的感情. * In judging him you should consider his youth. 在对他进行评审时, 你应该考虑到他还年轻. 4 [Tn] (fml 文) look at (sb/sth) carefully 细看（某人[某事物]）: * He stood considering the painting for some minutes. 他站在那幅画前凝视了几分钟. 5 (idm 习语) all things considered => thing. ,one's con,sidered o`pinion one's opinion arrived at after some thought 经仔细考虑後得出的意见: It's my considered opinion that you should resign. 我仔细考虑後认为你应该辞职.

considerable
[kEn5sidErEbl; kEn5sidErEbl] adj great in amount or size 相当多的; 相当大的: * a considerable quantity, sum, distance, etc 相当大的数量、 数目、 距离等 * bought at considerable expense 花很多钱买到的. 派生： considerably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv much; a great deal 非常; 很; 相当地: * It's considerably colder this morning. 今早冷得多.

considerate
[kEn5sidErEt; kEn5sidErit] adj ~ (towardssb); ~ (of sb) (to do sth) careful not to hurt or inconvenience others; thoughtful 为他人着想的; 考虑周到的: * a considerate person, act, attitude 体贴别人的人、 行为、 态度等 * considerate towards her employees 能体谅她那些雇员 * It was considerate of you not to play the piano while I was asleep. 在我睡觉时你不弹钢琴, 真是体贴入微. > considerately adv. consideratenessn [U].

consideration
[kEn7sidE'reiFn; kEn7sidE'reFEn] n 1 [U] action of considering (consider 1) or thinking about sth 考虑: * Please give the matter your careful consideration. 此事请你仔细考虑. * The proposals are still under consideration, ie being considered. 那些提议仍在审议中. 2 [U] ~ (for sb/sth) quality of being sensitive or thoughtful towards others, their feelings, etc （对他人、 他人的情绪等的）顾及, 体贴: * He has never shown much consideration for his wife's needs. 他从来不大考虑妻子的需要. * Out of consideration for the bereaved family's feelings the papers did not print the story. 由於考虑到那个家庭失去亲人的痛苦, 报纸没有刊登那件事. 3 [C] thing that must be thought about or taken into account; reason 要考虑的事; 考虑到的事; 原因; 因素: * Time is an important consideration in this case. 在这种情况下, 时间是一个要考虑的重要因素. * Several considerations have influenced my decision. 有好几个因素影响了我的决定. 4 [C] (fml 文) reward; payment 报酬; 酬金: * I will do it for you for a small consideration (of 50). 我愿替你做这件事, 只消给我一点小小的报酬（50英镑）. 5 (idm 习语) in consideration of sth (fml 文) in return for sth; on account of sth 作为对...的回报; 考虑到: * a small payment in consideration of sb's services 答谢某人服务的微薄酬金. leave sth out of account/consideration => leave1. take sth into consideration take account of sth; make allowances for sth 考虑某事物; 体谅某事物: * I always take fuel consumption into consideration when buying a car. 我买汽车时总要把燃油消耗量考虑在内.

considering
[kEn5sidEriN; kEn5sidEriN] prep, conj in view of (the fact that); taking into consideration 考虑到; 就...而言: * She's very active, considering her age. 就她的年龄来说, 她是够活跃的. * Considering he's only just started, he knows quite a lot about it. 考虑到他只是刚刚开始, 他对此的了解已经不少了. * You've done verywell, considering, eg in view of the adverse circumstances.考虑到不利的条件因素, 你已经做得够好的了.

consign
[kEn5sain; kEn5sain] v 1 [Tn.pr] (fml 文) (a) ~ sb/sth to sb/sth hand over sb/sth to sb/sth; give sb/sth up to sb/sth 把某人[某事物]移交给某人[某事物]; 交付: * consign a child to/into its uncle's care 把小孩交给他叔叔照料 * consign one's soul to God 把灵魂托付给上帝 * (fig 比喻) The body was consigned to the flames, ie burned. 体被送去焚化（火葬）. (b) ~ sth to sth put (sth unwanted) away 把（不要之物）移走: * an old chair that had been consigned to the attic 搬到了阁楼上的旧椅子. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) send (goods, etc) for delivery (esp to a buyer) 发运, 托运（货物等）给对方（尤指买主）: * The goods have been consigned (to you) by rail. 货物已交由铁路发运（给贵方）. 派生： consignee[7kCnsai'ni:; 7kansai'ni] n person to whom sth is consigned (consign 2) 收货人; 收件人. consigner, consignor[-nE(r); -nl] ns person who consigns goods 发货人; 寄件人; 托运人. consignment n 1 [U] consigning 移交; 交付; 移走; 发运; 托运. 2 [C] goods consigned 所运送之物: a consignment of wheat bound for Europe 发往欧洲的小麦. 3 (idm 习语) on consignment with payment to be made after the goods have been sold by the receiver 以寄售方式（货物售出後始行付款）: take/send/ship/supply goods on consignment 以寄售方式接受[送交/装运]货物. 复合： con`signment note note sent with a consignment of goods, giving details of the goods 发货单; 货运清单.

consist
[kEn5sist; kEn5sist] v (not in the continuous tenses 不用於进行时态) (phr v) consist of sth (a) be composed or made up of sth 由某事物组成或构成: * The committee consists of ten members. 委员会由十人组成. * a mixture consisting of flour and water 面粉和水的混合物. =>Usage at comprise 用法见comprise. (b) consist in sth (fml 文) have sth as its chief or only element or feature 以某事物为其主要的或唯一的因素或特点; 存在於某事物之中: * The beauty of the plan consists in its simplicity. 这计划的好处就在於简单易行.

consistence
[kEn5sistEns; kEn5sistEns] n [U] = consistency 1.

consistency
[kEn5sistEnsi; kEn5sistEnsi] n 1 (also consistence) [U] (approv 褒) quality of being consistent(1) 一贯性; 一致性: * His views lack consistency: * one day he's a conservative, the next he's a liberal. 他的观点缺乏一贯性: * 时而保守, 时而开明. 2 [C, U] degree of thickness, firmness or solidity, esp of thick liquids, or of sth made by mixing with a liquid 强度; 硬度; （尤指）浓度: * Mix flour and liquid to the right consistency. 把面粉和液体混合到适当的浓度. * mixtures of various consistencies 各种不同浓度的混合物 * It should have the consistency of thick soup. 这应该有浓汤那样的浓度.

consistent
[kEn5sistEnt; kEn5sistEnt] adj 1 (approv 褒) (of a person, his behaviour, his views, etc) always keeping to the same pattern or style; unchanging （指人、 人的行为、 观点等）一贯的, 前後一致的: * You're not very consistent: * first you condemn me, then you praise me. 你前後矛盾, 开头责备我, 接着又夸奖我. 2 [pred 作表语] ~ (with sth) in agreement 一致; 相符: * What you say now is not consistent with what you said last week. 你现在说的话与你上星期说过的话不相符. * The pattern of injuries is consistent with (ie could have been caused by) an attack with a knife. 这些伤口与刀伤的情形正相符合（可能因刀伤所致）. * I left as early as was consistent with politeness. 我在不失礼的情况下, 提前离去了. > consistently adv.

consolation
[7kCnsE'leiFn; 7kansE'leFEn] n 1 [U] consoling or being consoled 安慰; 慰问; 慰藉: * a few words of consolation 几句安慰的话 * Money is no consolation when you don't like your work, ie does not make up for not liking it. 要是不喜欢所做的工作, 给的钱多也没用. 2 [C] person or thing that consoles 带来安慰的人或事物: * Your company has been a great consolation to me. 有你为伴我感到极大的安慰. * At least you weren't hurt that's one consolation, ie one good aspect of an otherwise bad situation. 至少你没有受到伤害--这是不幸中的幸事. 复合： conso`lation prize prize given to sb who has just missed winning or has come last 安慰奖（授予未能获胜或名列末位者以资鼓励的奖赏）: (fig 比喻) She missed out on the top job, but as a consolation prize was made deputy chairman. 她失去了就任最高职位的机会, 但还算是中了安慰奖, 她被任命为副董事长.

consolatory
[kEn5sClEtEri; - -tC:ri; kEn5salE7tCri] adj tending or intended to console; comforting 安慰的; 慰问的: * a consolatory letter, remark, etc 慰问信、 安慰话等.

console
1[kEn5sEul; kEn5sol] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for/on sth) give comfort or sympathy to (sb who is unhappy, disappointed, etc) 安慰, 慰问（某人）: * Nothing could console him when his pet dog died. 他的爱犬死後, 什麽事情也不能使他宽慰. * console sb for/on a loss 安慰受到损失的人 * He consoled himself with the thought that it might have been worse. 他聊以自慰的是幸亏事情没有更糟. 派生： consolable adj able to be consoled 可安慰的; 可告慰的.

consolidate
[kEn5sClideit; kEn5salE7det] v 1 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become more solid, secure, or strong 使某事物巩固; 加固; 加强: * The time has come for the firm to consolidate after several years of rapid expansion. 公司经过几年的迅速发展之後, 该整顿一下了. * With his new play he has consolidated his position as the country's leading dramatist. 他有了新创作的剧本, 巩固了他在国内的杰出剧作家的地位. 2 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (into sth) (commerce 商) (cause things to) unite or combine (into one) （使事物）联合或合并: * All the debts have been consolidated. 所有债务均已合并. * The two companies consolidated for greater efficiency. 这两家公司已合并以提高效率. 派生： consolidation/kEn7sCli'deiFn; kEn7salE'deFEn] n [U] consolidating or being consolidated 巩固; 联合: * the consolidation of the party's position at the top of the opinion polls 在民意测验中该党名列第一的地位得以巩固. 复合： con,solidated an`nuities consols （英国政府发行的）统一公债. the Con,solidated `Fund (in Britain) government fund into which money obtained by taxation is paid, used esp to pay interest on the national debt （英国）统一基金（政府所设基金, 由税收拨给款项, 主要用以支付公债利息）.

consols
[5kCnsClz; 5kansalz] n [pl] type of British government stock(5b) that pays a low rate of interest （英国政府发行的低利息的）统一公债.

consomme
[kEn5sCmei; - 7kCnsE'mei; 7kansE'me] n [U] clear meat soup 清炖肉汤.

consonance
[5kCnsEnEns; 5kansEnEns] n [U] (fml 文) 1 harmony 协调. 2 (fig 比喻) ~ (with sth) agreement 一致: * actions which were not in consonance with his words 与他的言论不一致的行为.

consonant
1[5kCnsEnEnt; 5kansEnEnt] n (phonetics 语音) (a) speech sound produced by completely or partially obstructing the air being breathed out through the mouth 辅音. (b) letter of the alphabet or phonetic symbol for such a sound: * b, c, d, f, etc 辅音字母, （音标中的）辅音符号（如b,c,d,f等）. Cf 参看 vowel.

consort
1[5kCnsC:t; 5kansCrt] n husband or wife, esp of a ruler 配偶（尤指君主的夫或妻）: * the prince consort, ie the reigning queen's husband 王夫（在位女王的丈夫）.

consortium
[kEn5sC:tiEm; - -'sC:rFiEm; kEn5sCrFiEm] n (pl -tia[-tiE; - -FiE; -FiE] ) temporary association of a number of countries, companies, banks, etc for a common purpose （若干国家、 公司、 银行等为一共同目的而临时组合的）协会, 协营, 联营, 集团: * A consortium of construction companies will build the power-station. 由建 公司组成的集团将建造该发电站.

conspectus
[kEn5spektEs; kEn5spektEs] n (pl ~es) (fml 文) general view or survey of a subject, etc （某科目等的）概览, 概要, 大纲.

conspicuous
[kEn5spikjuEs; kEn5spikjuEs] adj 1 ~ (for sth) easily seen; noticeable; remarkable 显而易见的; 明显的; 惹人注目的: * If you're walking along a badly-lit road at night you should wear conspicuous clothes. 晚上在照明很差的路上行走, 应该穿显眼的衣物. * (ironic 反语) She wasn't exactly conspicuous for her helpfulness, ie wasn't helpful. 她并不那麽乐於助人. * make oneself conspicuous, ie attract attention by unusual behaviour, wearing unusual clothes, etc 出风头（藉与众不同的举动、 衣着等以惹人注目）. 2 (idm 习语) con,spicuous by one's `absence noticeably absent when one ought to be present （本该到场）因未到场而引人注意: * When it came to cleaning up afterwards, the boys were conspicuous by their absence. 後来轮到做卫生时, 这些男孩却不在场, 引起了大家的注意. > conspicuously adv: * conspicuously absent 因缺席而引人注意. conspicuousness n [U].

conspiracy
[kEn5spirEsi; kEn5spirEsi] n ~ (to sth/to do sth) 1 [U] act of conspiring, esp joint planning of a crime 阴谋活动（尤指共谋犯罪）: * accused of conspiracy to murder 被控参与谋杀罪. 2 [C] plan made by conspiring 阴谋; 共谋: * a conspiracy to overthrow the Government 颠覆政府的阴谋 * a conspiracy of silence, ie an agreement not to talk publicly about sth which should not remain secret 保持缄默的密约（对本不该保密的事不公开谈论的约定）. Cf 参看 plot2 2.

conspire
[kEn5spaiE(r); kEn5spair] v 1 [I, Ipr, Ip, It] ~ (with sb) (against sb); ~ (together) (against sb) make secret plans (with others), esp to do wrong （与他人）密谋（尤指干坏事）: * conspire with others against one's leader 与他人共谋反对上司 * They conspired to overthrow the Government. 他们共同密谋颠覆政府. 2 [Ipr, It] ~ against sb/sth (of events) seem to act together; combine disadvantageously for sb/sth （指事情）似乎同时发生对某人[某事物]不利: * circumstances conspiring against our success 阻碍我们成功的各种情况凑在一起 * events that conspired to bring about his downfall 导致他垮台的种种事件同时发生. 派生： conspirator/kEn5spirEtE(r); kEn5spirEtl] n person who conspires 搞阴谋的人; 阴谋家. conspiratorial/kEn7spirE'tC:riEl; kEn7spirE'tCriEl] adj of or like conspirators or conspiracy （似）阴谋家的; 阴谋的; （似）搞阴谋的: * She handed the note to me with a conspiratorial air. 她鬼鬼祟祟地把字条交给了我.

constable
[5kQnstEbl; - 'kCn-; 5kanstEbl] n = police constable (police): * [attrib 作定语] Constable Johnson 约翰逊警察. 派生： constabulary/kEn5stAbjulEri; - -leri; kEn5stAb-jE7leri] n [Gp] police force of a particular area, town, etc （某地区、 城镇等的）警察部队: * the Royal Ulster Constabulary 皇家北爱尔兰警察队.

constancy
[5kCnstEnsi; 5kanstEnsi] n [U] (approv 褒) 1 quality of being firm and unchanging 坚定性; 持久性: * constancy of purpose 目标的坚定性. 2 faithfulness 忠诚: * a husband's constancy 丈夫的忠贞不渝.

constant
[5kCnstEnt; 5kanstEnt] adj 1 [usu attrib 通常作定语] going on all the time; happening again and again 经常的; 不断发生的: * constant chattering, complaints, interruptions 没完没了的饶舌、 抱怨、 打搅 * This entrance is in constant use; do not block it. 这个入口经常使用, 不要挡住. 2 unchanging; fixed 不变的; 定的; 稳定的: * a constant speed, value, etc 定速度、 值等 * Pressure in the container remains constant. 容器中的压力保持 定不变. 3 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (approv 褒) firm; faithful 坚定的; 忠实的: * a constant friend, companion, supporter, etc 忠实的朋友、 伴侣、 支持者等. 派生： constant n (mathematics or physics 数或物) number or quantity that does not vary 常数; 常量; 量. Cf 参看 variable n. constantly adv continuously; frequently 不断地; 经常地: He's constantly disturbing me. 他老是打扰我. * She worries constantly. 她经常苦恼.

constellation
[7kCnstE'leiFn; 7kanstE'leFEn] n 1 named group of stars (eg the Great Bear) 星座（经命名的星群, 如大熊星座）. 2 (fig 比喻) group of associated or similar people or things 相关的或相似的人群或事物: * a constellation of Hollywood talent 好莱坞的一群才俊.

consternation
[7kCnstE'neiFn; 7kanstl'neFEn] n [U] surprise and anxiety; great dismay 惊恐; 惊愕; 惊慌: * filled with consternation 惊恐万状 * To her consternation, he asked her to make a speech. 她感到惊慌的是他要求她发言.

constipated
[5kCnstipeitid; 5kanstE7petid] adj unable to empty the bowels 便秘的: * If you're constipated you should eat more roughage. 假若便秘就应该多吃粗糙食物. 派生： constipation[7kCnsti'peiFn; 7kanstE'peFEn] n [U] state of being constipated 便秘.

constituency
[kEn5stitjuEnsi; kEn5stitFuEnsi] n [CGp] (a) (body of voters living in a) district having its own elected representative in parliament 选区; 选区的选民. (b) group of people with the same interests that one can turn to for support （一批有共同利益的）支持者, 拥护者, 追随者: * Mr Jones has a natural constituency among steel workers. 琼斯先生在钢铁工人中自有一批人拥护.

constituent
[kEn5stitjuEnt; kEn5stitFuEnt] adj [attrib 作定语] forming or helping to make a whole 组成的; 构成的: * Analyse the sentence into its constituent parts. 把这句子的各个成分加以分析. 派生： constituent n 1 member of a constituency 选区的选民. 2 component part 成分: the constituents of the mixture 混合物的成分. 复合： con,stituent as`sembly one which has the power to make or alter a political constitution 立宪议会（负责制定或修改宪法的权力机构）.

constitute
[5kCnstitju:t; 5kanstE7tut] v 1 [Tn] (not in the continuous tenses 不用於进行时态) (fml 文) make up or form (a whole); be the components of 组成, 构成（某整体）; 为...之成分: * Twelve months constitute a year. 十二个月为一年. * The committee is constituted of members of all three parties. 委员会由所有叁个政党的成员组成. * (fig 比喻) He is so constituted (ie His nature is such) that he can accept criticism without resentment. 他豁达大度, 能接受批评而不怀恨在心. =>Usage at comprise 用法见comprise. 2 [Ln] (not in the continuous tenses 不用於进行时态) be 是: * My decision does not constitute (ie should not be regarded as) a precedent. 我的决定下不为例. * The defeat constitutes a major set-back for our diplomacy. 这次失败是我们外交上的重大挫折. 3 [Tn] give formal authority to (a group of people); establish 正式授权给（某团体）; 建立: * The committee had been improperly constituted, and therefore had no legal power. 该委员会的建立不合规定, 因而没有合法的权力. 4 [Cn.n] (fml 文) give (sb) formal authority to hold (a position, etc); appoint 任命（某人）担任（某职位等）; 委派: * He seemed to have constituted himself our representative. 他俨然自封为我们的代表.

constitution
[7kCnsti'tju:Fn; - -'tu:Fn; 7kanstE'tuFEn] n 1 [C] (system of) laws and principles according to which a state is governed 宪法（的体制）: * Britain has an unwritten constitution, and the United States has a written constitution. 英国有不成文的宪法, 美国有成文的宪法. 2 (a) [U] (fml 文) action or manner of constituting (constitute 1, 3, 4) 组织、 建立、 任命、 授权的举动或方式: * the constitution of an advisory group 谘询小组的组成. (b) [C] (fml 文) general structure of a thing 事物的一般结构: * the constitution of the solar spectrum 太阳光谱的构成. 3 [C] condition of a person's body with regard to health, strength, etc 人的健康、 体力等状况; 体质; 体格: * a robust/weak constitution 强壮的[虚弱的]体质 * Only people with a strong constitution should go climbing. 只有身体强健的人才可以去登山.

constitutional
[7kCnsti'tju:FEnl; - -'tu:-; 7kanstE'tu-FEnl] adj 1 of a constitution(1) 宪法的; 符合宪法的; 立宪的: * constitutional government, reform, etc 立宪政体、 宪法的修改 * a constitutional ruler, ie one controlled or limited by a constitution 立宪君主（受宪法控制或限制的君主） * They claimed that the new law was not constitutional, ie not allowed by the constitution. 他们声称这项新法律不符合宪法. 2 of a person's constitution(3) 体质的; 体格的: * constitutional weakness, robustness, etc 体质的虚弱、 强健等. 派生： constitutional n (dated or joc 旧或谑) short walk taken to improve or maintain one's health 保健散步: go for/take a constitutional 作[进行]健身散步. constitutionalism[-FEnElizEm; -FEnlizEm] n [U] (belief in) constitutional government or constitutional principles 立宪、 政体; 立宪主义; 拥护宪政; 拥护立宪主义. constitutionally[-FEnEli; -FEnli] adj.

constitutive
[ 5kCnstItju:tIv, kEn5stItjUtIv; ?@ also -5stItFU-;`kBnstE9tjutIv, -stItFJ-] adj (fml 文) having the power to take action, make appointments, etc 有权采取行动、 任命等的: * a constitutive committee 有采取行动及任命权的委员会.

constrain
[kEn5strein; kEn5stren] v [Tn, Cn.t] (fml 文) make (sb) do sth by strong (moral) persuasion or by force 力劝, 强迫（某人）做某事: * As an artist he didn't consider himself constrained (ie restricted) by the same rules of social conduct as other people. 他认为自己是艺术家, 不必像一般人那样要受社会行为准则的束缚. * I feel constrained to write (ie I feel I must write) and complain in the strongest possible terms. 我深感责无旁贷, 必须笔诛墨伐. 派生： constrained adj (of voice, manner, etc) forced; uneasy; unnatural （指声音、 态度等）勉强的, 受拘束的, 不自然的. constrainedly[-idli; -idli] adv.

constraint
[kEn5streint; kEn5strent] n 1 [U] con-straining or being constrained 约束; 强制: * act under constraint, ie because one is forced to do so 受逼迫而行动. 2 [C] ~ (on sth) thing that limits or restricts 限制性或约束性的事物: * There are no constraints on your choice of subject for the essay, ie You can choose whatever subject you like. 文章内容不拘, 你可任选. 3 [U] (fml 文) strained manner; unwillingness to be friendly; uneasiness 不自然的态度; 假情假意; 拘束感: * I was aware of a certain constraint on their part when they were in my presence. 我觉察到我在时他们有些拘束.

constrict
[kEn5strikt; kEn5strikt] v [Tn] make (sth) tight, smaller or narrower 使（某事物）缩紧, 缩小或缩窄: * a tight collar that constricts the neck 紧卡脖子的衣领 * administering a drug that constricts the blood vessels 施用收缩血管的药 * (fig 比喻) Our way of life is rather constricted (ie We cannot do so many things) now that our income is so reduced. 由於我们的收入减少了这麽多, 我们的生活方式受到一定限制. 派生： constriction/kEn5strikFn; kEn5strikFEn] n 1 [U] constricting 紧缩; 收缩. 2 [C] (a) feeling of tightness 紧缩或压迫的感觉: * a constriction in the chest 胸部的压迫感. (b) thing that constricts 紧缩的事物: * the constrictions of life on a low income 低收入的节衣缩食.

construct
[kEn5strQkt; kEn5strQkt] v [Tn] 1 build (sth); put or fit together; form 建 , 建造（某物）; 构成; 形成: * construct a factory, an aircraft, a model, a sentence, a theory 建工厂; 造飞机; 制作模型; 造句; 建立理论 * a hut constructed (out) of branches 用树枝搭成的棚屋 * a well-constructed novel 结构完善的小说. 2 (geometry 几) draw (a line, figure, etc) in accordance with certain rules （按照某种规则）画（线）, 作（图）. 派生： constructor n person who constructs things 建 者; 建造者: oil-rig constructors 采油设备承造商.

construction
[kEn5strQkFn; kEn5strQkFEn] n 1 [U] action or manner of constructing; being constructed 建 , 建造的活动或方式; 施工; 建设: * the construction of new roads 新道路的施工 * The new railway is still under construction, ie being constructed. 新铁路尚在敷设中. * The wall is of very solid construction, ie is solidly constructed. 这堵墙构 得非常坚固. * [attrib 作定语] the construction industry, ie the building of roads, bridges, buildings, etc 建 业. 2 [C] thing constructed; structure; building 建造物; 构造物; 建 物: * a complex construction of wood and glass 木和玻璃综合结构的建 物 * The shelter is a brick construction. 掩护所是用砖构 的. 3 [C] way in which words are put together to form a phrase, clause or sentence 造句法: * This dictionary gives the meanings of words and also illustrates the constructions they can be used in. 本词典提供词义解释, 并举例说明遣词造句的方法. 4 [C] (fml 文) sense in which words, statements, etc are to be understood; meaning （对词语、 言辞等所作的）解释, 意义, 意思: * What construction do you put on his actions? ie How do you understand their purpose? 你对他的行为作何解释? * The sentence does not bear such a construction, ie cannot be understood in that way. 这句话并不含有那样的意思. Cf 参看 construe 1.

constructive
[kEn5strQktiv; kEn5strQktiv] adj having a useful purpose, helpful 建设性的; 有助益的: * constructive criticism, proposals, remarks, etc 建设性的批评、 提议、 评论等. > constructively adv.

construe
[kEn5stru:; kEn5stru] v 1 [Tn, Tw, Cn.n/a] ~ sth (as sth) (fml 文) explain the meaning of (words, sentences, actions, etc); interpret sth 解释（词语、 句子、 行为等）的意义; 理解: * How do you construe what he did? 你对他之所为作何解释? * Her remarks were wrongly construed, ie were misunderstood. 她的话被误解了. * I construed his statement as a refusal. 据我看他的说法就是拒绝. Cf 参看 construction 4. 2 (a) [Tn] (grammar) analyse the syntax of (a sentence) 对（句子） 作句法分析. (b) [I, Tn] (dated 旧) translate (a piece of text, esp from Latin or Greek) 翻译（文章的片断, 尤指原文为拉丁文或希腊文）.

consul
[5kCnsl; 5kansl] n 1 official appointed by a state to live in a foreign city in order to help people from his own country who are travelling or living there, and protect their interests 领事: * the British Consul in Marseilles 英国驻马赛领事. Cf 参看 High Commissioner (high1). 2 either of the two magistrates who ruled in ancient Rome before it became an Empire （古罗马成为帝国之前的）两执政官之一. 3 any one of the three chief magistrates of the French Republic (1799-1804) （1799-1804年法兰西共和国的）叁个主要执政官之一. 派生： consular[5kCnsjulE(r); - -sEl-; 5kansll] adj of a consul 领事的; 执政官的. consulship[-Fip; -7Fip] n 1 position of a consul 领事或执政官的职位: * appointed to the consulship 被任命为领事或执政官. 2 period of time during which a consul holds his position 领事或执政官的任期.

consulate
[5kCnsjulEt; - -sEl-; 5kanslit] n 1 offices of a consul(1) 领事馆: * the British consulate in Marseilles 英国驻马赛领事馆. Cf 参看 embassy 1, High Commission (high1). 2 the Consulate period of consular government in France 法国的执政府统治时期.

consult
[kEn5sQlt; kEn5sQlt] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (about sth) go to (a person, book, etc) for information, advice, etc （为获取资料、 得到指点等）请教（别人）, 查阅（书）等: * consult one's lawyer, a map, a dictionary 请教律师、 查看地图、 查阅词典 * a consulting engineer, ie one who has specialized knowledge and gives advice 顾问工程师 * I consulted a doctor about my pains. 我找过医生诊治病痛. 2 [Ipr] ~ with sb discuss matters with sb; confer with sb 与某人商量（事情）; 与某人磋商: * consult with one's partners 与合伙人商量. 复合： con`sulting room room where a doctor talks to and examines patients 诊察室.

consultant
[kEn5sQltEnt; kEn5sQltEnt] n 1 ~ (on sth) person who gives expert advice (in business, law, etc) （商业、 法律等方面的）顾问: * a firm of management consultants 管理谘询公司 * the president's consultant on economic affairs 总统的经济事务顾问. 2 ~ (in sth) (in Britain) hospital doctor of senior rank （英国）顾问医师, 会诊医师: * a consultant in obstetrics 产科顾问医师 * [attrib 作定语] a consultant surgeon 外科顾问医师. Cf 参看 registrar 2.

consultation
[7kCnsl'teiFn; 7kansl'teFEn] n 1 [U] consulting or being consulted 请教; 谘询; 磋商: * acting in consultation with the director, ie with his advice and agreement 在徵询过主任的意见并得其同意後行事 * consultation of a dictionary 查词典. 2 [C] (a) meeting for discussion 讨论会: * top-level consultations between the US and Russian delegations 美俄代表团之间最高级别的磋商. (b) meeting to discuss, or seek advice about, a sick person 会诊.

consultative
[kEn5sQltEtiv; kEn5sQltEtiv] adj of or for consulting; advisory 谘询的; 供谘询的; 顾问的: * a consultative committee, document, etc 谘询委员会、 文件等.

consume
[kEn5sju:m; - -'su:m; kEn5sum] v [Tn] 1 (a) use (sth) up 用尽, 消耗, 花费（某事物）: * consume resources, time, stores, etc 耗尽资源、 时间、 存物等 * The car consumes a lot of fuel. 这辆汽车很费汽油. * (rhet 修辞) He soon consumed his fortune, ie spent the money wastefully. 他很快就把财产挥霍殆尽. (b) destroy (sb/sth) by fire, decay, etc （因火烧、 衰败等）毁掉（某人[某物]）: * The fire quickly consumed the wooden hut. 火焰很快地吞噬了那所小木屋. * (fig 比喻) be consumed (ie filled) with envy, hatred, greed, etc 心中充满了忌妒、 仇恨、 贪欲等. 2 (fml 文) eat or drink (sth) 吃或喝（某物）. 派生： consuming adj [attrib 作定语] that obsesses or dominates sb 使人着迷的; 支配某人的: Building model trains is his consuming passion. 制作模型火车是他废寝忘食的爱好.

consumer
[kEn5sju:mE(r); - -su:-; kEn5suml] n person who buys goods or uses services 消费者; 顾客; 用户: * Consumers are encouraged to complain about faulty goods. 要鼓励消费者对劣质商品投诉. * electricity consumers 电力的用户 * [attrib 作定语] consumer rights, protection, etc 消费者的权利、 保障等. Cf 参看 producer. 派生： consumerism[-izEm; -izEm] n [U] (campaigning for the) protection of consumers' interests 消费者利益的保护（运动）. 复合： con,sumer `durables = durables (durable). con`sumer goods goods bought and used by individual customers, eg food, clothing, domestic appliances 消费品. Cf 参看 capital goods (capital2).

consummate
1[kEn5sQmEt; kEn5sQmit] adj [attrib 作定语] (fml 文) highly skilled; perfect 技艺高超的; 尽善尽美的: * a consummate artist, performance, piece of work 高超的艺术家、 演出、 作品 * She dealt with the problem with consummate skill. 她以巧妙的手腕处理了这个问题. * (derog 贬) a consummate liar 瞎话大王.

consumption
[kEn5sQmpFn; kEn5sQmpFEn] n [U] 1 (a) using up of food, energy, resources, etc （食物、 能量、 资源等的）消耗: * The meat was declared unfit for human consumption. 这种肉已宣布不适宜人们食用. * conspicuous consumption which is an affront to people on low incomes 使低收入者感到自惭形秽的那种铺张. (b) quantity used 消耗量: * We have measured the car's fuel consumption. 我们测量了这辆汽车的汽油消耗量. 2 (dated 旧) tuberculosis of the lungs 肺痨; 肺结核.

consumptive
[kEn5sQmptiv; kEn5sQmptiv] adj (dated 旧) suffering or tending to suffer from consumption(2) （可能）患肺痨的. 派生： consumptive n consumptive person 肺痨患者.

cont
abbr 缩写 = 1 contents. 2 (also contd) continued: cont on p 74 下接第74页.

contact
[5kCntAkt; 5kantAkt] n 1 [U] ~ (with sb/sth) (a) state of touching (used esp with the vs shown) 接触（尤与下列示例中动词连用）: * The two substances are now in contact (with each other), and a chemical reaction is occurring. 现在这两种物质（互相）接触产生了化学反应. * His hand came into contact with (ie touched) a hot surface. 他的手触到热物体的表面. * The label sticks on contact, ie when it touches a surface. 这标签一接触即可贴上. * (fig 比喻) The troops came into contact with (ie met) the enemy. 部队已与敌人交锋（遭遇）. * (fig 比喻) Pupils must be brought into contact with (ie exposed to) new ideas. 应该引导学生接触新思想. (b) communication 通讯; 联系; 交往: * in constant radio/telephone contact (with sb) （与某人）经常保持无线电[电话]联系 * Beyond a certain distance we are out of contact with our headquarters. 我们跟总部超过一定距离通讯就会中断. * She's lost contact with her son, ie no longer hears from him, knows where he is, etc. 她跟儿子失去了联系. * two people avoiding eye contact, ie avoiding looking directly at each other 避免目光接触的两人. 2 [C] instance of meeting or communicating 接触; 会晤; 通讯; 联系; 交往: * extensive contacts with firms abroad 与国外公司的广泛的联系. 3 [C] person one has met or will meet, esp one who can be helpful 已接触或将接触的人（尤指於己有利的人）: * I have a useful contact in New York. 我在纽约有个有用的人可以联系. 4 [C] (a) electrical connection 电流的接触; 电的接通: * A poor contact causes power to fail occasionally. 接触不良有时会造成断电. (b) device that makes an electrical connection 接触器; 电气接头; 触头: * The switches close the contacts and complete the circuit. 这些开关可使接触器接通电流形成回路. 5 [C] (medical 医) person who may be infectious because he has recently been near to sb who has a contagious disease （因接触传染病人）可能受到传染者contact1 /// 6 (idm 习语) make contact (with sb/sth) succeed in speaking to or meeting sb/sth 与某人[某事物]交谈、 会晤或取得联系: * They made contact with headquarters by radio. 他们用无线电跟总部联络上 了. * I finally made contact with her in Paris. 我终於在巴黎同她取得了联系. make/break `contact complete/interrupt an electric circuit 接通[切断]电流. 派生： contact/kEn5tAkt, 'kCntAkt; 5kantAkt] v [Tn] reach (sb/sth) by telephone, radio, letter, etc; communicate with （用电话、 无线电、 书信等与某人[某事物]）联系; 与...来往: * Where can I contact you tomorrow? 明天我在哪里能跟你联系? 复合： contact lens[7kCntAkt 'lenz; 5kantAkt 7lenz] lens made of thin plastic placed on the surface of the eye to improve vision 接触眼镜; 隐形眼镜片. `contact print photographic print made by placing a negative directly onto the printing paper and exposing it to light 接触印相照片（将底片直接置於印相纸上进行曝光而成）.

contagion
[kEn5teidVEn; kEn5tedVEn] n 1 [U] spreadingof disease by being close to or touching other people （接）触（传）染. 2 [C] disease that can be spread by contact接触传染病: * Fear spread through the crowd like a contagion, ie quickly and harmfully. 人们心中的恐惧就像瘟疫似的蔓延开来. Cf 参看 infection.

contagious
[kEn5teidVEs; kEn5tedVEs] adj 1 (a) (of a disease) spreading by contact （指疾病）（接）触（传）染的: * Scarlet fever is highly contagious. 猩红热传染性很强. (b) (of a person) having a disease that can be spread to others by contact （指人）患传染病的, 带触染原的. 2 (fig 比喻) spreading easily from one person to another 容易感染他人的; 感染性的: * contagious laughter, enthusiasm, etc 容易感染别人的笑声、 热情等 * Yawning is contagious. 打呵欠是有感染性的. > contagiously adv. Cf 参看 infectious.

contain
[kEn5tein; kEn5ten] v [Tn] (not in the continuous tenses 不用於进行时态) 1 (a) have or hold (sth) within itself 包含; 含有: * The atlas contains forty maps. 这地图集共有四十幅地图. * Whisky contains a large percentage of alcohol. 威士忌所含酒精的百分比很高. * What does that box contain? 那个盒子里装的是什麽? * Her statement contained several inaccuracies. 她的言词有几处不确切. (b) be capable of holding (sth) 可容纳（某事物）: * This barrel contains 50 litres. 这个桶容量为50升. 2 (a) keep (sth/oneself) under control; keep within limits; hold back 控制（某事物[自己]）; 抑制; 克制: * I was so furious I couldn't contain myself, ie had to express my feelings. 我气极了, 无法克制自己. * Please contain your enthusiasm for a moment. 请你暂且控制住感情. * She could hardly contain her excitement. 她抑制不住内心的激动. (b) prevent (sth) from spreading harmfully or becoming more serious 阻止（某事物）的蔓延或恶化: * Has the revolt been contained? 叛乱是否已受到遏止? 3 (geometry 几) form the boundary of (sth) 作（某事物）的边: * the angle contained by two sides of a triangle 叁角形两边的夹角. 4 (mathematics 数) be capable of being divided by (a number) exactly 可被（某数）除尽; （某数）可整除: * 12 contains 2, 3, 4 and 6 12可被2、 3、 4、 6除尽. 派生： containment n [U] keeping sth within limits, so that it cannot spread harmfully 阻止; 遏制: Until we'd built up sufficient forces to drive the invaders back, we pursued a policy of containment. 我们对入侵之敌采取牵制的方针, 以备组织好兵力将之击退.

container
[kEn5teinE(r); kEn5tenl] n 1 box, bottle, etc in which sth is kept, transported, etc 容器（如箱、 瓶等）: * The radioactive material is stored in a special radiation-proof container. 放射性材料贮存在防辐射的特殊容器内. 2 large metal box of standard size for transporting goods by road, rail, sea or air 货柜; 集装箱: * [attrib 作定语] a `container train/ship/lorry, ie one designed to transport such containers 载货柜的列车[货船/卡车] * `container traffic, depots, etc 货柜运输、 货运站等. 派生： containerize, -ise/kEn5teinEraiz; kEn5tenE7raiz] v [Tn] 1 pack (goods) into a container(1, 2) 将（货物）装入容器或货柜（集装箱）. 2 convert (a dock, ship,etc) so that it can use containers (container 2) 使（码头、 船舶等）货柜化（集装箱化）. containerization, -isation/kEn7teinErai'zeiFn; - -ri5z-; kEn7tenErE'zeFEn] n [U].

contaminate
[kEn5tAmineit; kEn5tAmE7net] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth/sb (with sth) make sth/sb impure by adding dangerous or disease-carrying substances 使某事物[某人]受污染: * contaminated clothing, eg by radio-active material 受污染的衣物（如受放射性物质污染） * a river contaminated by chemicals 受到化学物质污染的河流 * Flies contaminate food. 苍蝇可污染食物. * (fig 比喻) They are contaminating the minds of our young people with these subversive ideas. 他们这些颠覆作乱的思想是对我们年轻人的精神污染. 派生： contaminant/kEn5tAminEnt; kEn5tAmEnEnt] n (fml 文) substance that contaminates things 污染物; 污染物质. contamination/kEn7tAmi'neiFn; kEn7tAmE'neFEn] n [U] contaminating or being contaminated 污染: * contamination of the water supply 给水系统的污染.

contd
abbr 缩写 = cont 2.

contemplate
[5kCntempleit; 5kantEm7plet] v 1 (a) [Tn, Tw] look at or consider (sth) thoughtfully 凝视, 打量, 思忖, 沉思（某事物）: * She stood contemplating the painting. 她站着审视那幅图画. * He contemplated what the future would be like without the children. 他思忖着要是没有这些孩子, 将来又如何. (b) [I, Tn, Tw] meditate (upon sth), esp as a religious practice 冥思（某事物）（尤指一种宗教仪式）: * a few quiet minutes in the middle of the day to sit and contemplate 中午时分静坐冥思的几分钟 * contemplating the death of Our Lord 默祷上主之死难. 2 [Tn, Tg, Tsg] consider the possibility of (sth) 考虑（某事物）的可能性; 盘算; 预料: * She is contemplating a visit to (ie may visit) London. 她正打算去伦敦观光. * I'm not contemplating retiring (ie I do not intend to retire) yet. 我尚未考虑退休问题. * We don't contem-plate him opposing our plan, ie do not expect that he will oppose it. 我们预料他不会反对我们的计划. 派生： contemplation[7kCntem'pleiFn; 7kantEm'pleFEn] n 1 (a) [U] action of looking at sth/sb thoughtfully 凝视; 注视: * He returned to his contemplation of the fire. 他重又凝视着那炉火. (b) [U, C] deep thought; meditation 沉思; 冥思: * He sat there deep in contemplation. 他坐在那里沉思着. * I'm sorry to interrupt your contemplations, but... 很抱歉打断了您的沉思, 可是.... 2 [U] consideration; intention 考虑; 意图: * the Government's contemplation of new measures 政府采取新措施的意图. contemplative/kEn5templEtiv, 'kCntempleitiv; 'kan-tEm7pletiv] adj 1 fond of contemplation; thoughtful 好沉思的; 深思熟虑的: * a contemplative person, manner, look 深思熟虑的人、 态度、 表情. 2 engaging in religious meditation 进行默观的: * a contemplative order of nuns 注重默观的修女团. contemplatively adv.

contemporaneous
[kEn7tempE'reiniEs; kEn7tem-pE'reniEs] adj ~ (with sb/sth) (fml 文) existing or happening at the same time 同时存在或发生的; 同时期的; 同时代的: * contemporaneous events, developments, etc 同时期的事件、 发展等. > contemporaneously adv.

contemporary
[kEn5temprEri; - -pEreri; kEn5tem-pE7reri] adj 1 ~ (with sb/sth) of the time or period being referred to; belonging to the same time 属於该时代或该时期的; 属於同一时代的: * Many contemporary writers condemned the emperor's actions. 当时的许多作家都谴责该皇帝的行径. * a contemporary record of events, ie one made by people living at that time 同时代的大事记 * Dickens was contemporary with Thackeray. 狄更斯与萨克莱属於同一时代. 2 of the present time; modern 当代的; 现代的: * contemporary events, fashions 当代事件、 款式 * furniture of contemporary style 现代风格的家具. =>Usage at new 用法见new. 派生： contemporary n person who lives or lived at the same time as another 同期的人; 同辈: She and I were contemporaries at college. 她和我在学院里是同学.

contempt
[kEn5tempt; kEn5tempt] n [U] 1 (a) ~ (for sb/sth) feeling that sb/sth is completely worthless and cannot be respected 轻视; 蔑视: * I feel nothing but contempt for people who treat children so cruelly. 我鄙视如此虐待孩子的人. * I shall treat that suggestion with the contempt it deserves. 我对那项建议理所当然嗤之以鼻. (b) (fml 文) state of being regarded as worthless and shameful 微不足道; 耻辱: * behaviour which is generally held in contempt, ie despised 被人看不起的行为. 2 ~ of/for sth disregard (of rules, danger, etc) 藐视, 不顾（规则、 危险等）: * She rushed forward in complete contempt of danger. 她完全不顾危险往前冲去. * remarks which betray a staggering contempt for the truth, ie are completely untrue 全然不顾事情真相的言论. 3 (idm 习语) beneath con`tempt completely unworthy of respect 不齿: * Such conduct is beneath contempt. 这种举动为人所不齿. familiarity breeds contempt => familiarity. 派生： contemptible/kEn5temptEbl; kEn5temptEbl] adj deserving contempt; despicable 不齿於人的; 可鄙的: * contemptible cowardice 可鄙的胆怯. contemptuous/kEn5temptFuEs; kEn5temptFuEs] adj ~ (of sth/sb) feeling or showing contempt 鄙视的; 表示轻蔑的: * a contemptuous person, attitude, remark 傲慢的人、 态度、 言语等 * He threw it away with a contemptuous gesture. 他带着不屑一顾的样子把它扔了. * be contemptuous of public opinion 蔑视舆论. contemptuously adv. 复合： con,tempt of `court (also contempt) disobedience to an order made by a court of law; disrespect for a court or judge 蔑视法庭（不服从法庭或法官的命令）: She was jailed for contempt (of court). 她因藐视（法庭）罪被监禁.

contend
[kEn5tend; kEn5tend] v 1 [Ipr] ~ with/against sb/sth; ~ for sth struggle in order to overcome a rival, competitor or difficulty （与对手）竞争; （与他人）争夺; （与困难）拚搏: * Several teams are contending for (ie trying to win) the prize. 有几个队在争夺锦标. * She's had a lot of problems to contend with. 她有许多问题要解决. * the captains of the contending (ie rival) teams 参与争夺的各个队的队长. 2 [Tf no passive 不用於被动语态] put forward (sth) as one's opinion; argue; assert 主张（某事物）; 争辩; 认为: * I would contend that unemployment is our most serious social evil. 我认为失业是我们社会最为严重的弊病. 派生： contender n person who tries to win sth in competition with others 竞争者; 争夺者; 对手: the two contenders for the heavyweight title 重量级冠军的两名争夺者.

content
1[kEn5tent; kEn5tent] adj [pred 作表语] ~ (with sth); ~ to do sth satisfied with what one has; not wanting more; happy 知足; 满足; 满意; 愉快: * Are you content with your present salary? 你对你现在的薪水满意吗? * Now that she has apologized, I am content. 既然她已经道了歉, 我也就满意了. * He is content to stay in his present job. 他对现在的工作心满意足. * He is content to remain where he is now. 他安於现状. Cf 参看 contented. 派生： content n 1 [U] state of being content 满足; 满意: the quiet content of a well-fed child 孩子喂饱後不哭不闹的满足状. 2 (idm 习语) to one's heart's content => heart. content v [Tn.pr] ~ oneself with sth accept sth, even though one would have liked more or better 满足或满意於某事物（虽然可能有更高的要求）: As there's no cream, we'll have to content ourselves with black coffee. 既然没有奶油, 我们只好喝清咖啡算了. contented adj showing or feeling content; satisfied 表示或感到满意或满足的; 心满意足的: a contented person, cat, smile, etc 心满意足的人、 猫、 微笑等. contentedly adv. contentment n [U] state of being content 满足; 满意: with a smile of contentment 带着心满意足的微笑.

contention
[kEn5tenFn; kEn5tenFEn] n 1 [U] ~ (for sth/to do sth) contending (contend 1); competition 争夺; 竞争: * two teams in contention for the title/to win the title, ie competing for it 争夺冠军的两个队. 2 [U] contending (contend 2); angry disagreement 争辩; 争论; 争吵: * This is not a time for contention. 这不是争论的时候. 3 [C] ~ (that...) assertion made in an argument （辩论时提出的）论点: * It is my contention that... 我的论点是.... 4 (idm 习语) a bone of contention => bone.

contentious
[kEn5tenFEs; kEn5tenFEs] adj 1 liking to argue; quarrelsome 爱争论的; 好争吵的. 2 likely to cause disagreement 可能引起争议的: * a contentious book, law, speech 有争议的书、 法律、 讲话 * a contentious clause in a treaty 条约中可能有异议的条款.

contest
[kEn5test; kEn5test] v [Tn] 1 claim that (sth) is wrong or not proper; dispute 对（某事物）予以驳斥; 争论: * contest a statement, point, etc 对某说法、 论点等加以驳斥 * contest a will, ie try to show it was not properly made in law 对遗嘱提出质疑. 2 (take part in and) try to win (sth) （参与并）争取赢得（某事物）: * As a protest, the party has decided not to contest this election. 该党已决定不参加此次选举, 以示抗议. * contest a seat in Parliament 争夺国会席位 * a hotly contested game, ie one in which the participants play very hard and the result is close 激烈角逐的一局. 派生： contest[5kCntest; 5kantest] n 1 event in which people compete against each other for a prize; competition 比赛; 竞赛: * a boxing, archery, dancing, beauty, etc contest 拳击、 射箭、 舞蹈、 选美等比赛 * (fig 比喻) The election was so one-sided that it was really no contest, ie only one side was likely to win. 选举呈现一边倒的局面, 实际上毫无竞争可言. =>Usage at sport 用法见sport. 2 ~ (for sth) struggle to gain control 争取获得控制权: * a contest for the top job in the union 为争取协会的最高职位而进行的角逐. contestant/kEn5testEnt; kEn5testEnt] n ~ (for sth) person who is in a contest; competitor 竞争者; 比赛者.

context
[5kCntekst; 5kantekst] n [C, U] 1 words that come before and after a word, phrase, statement, etc, helping to show what its meaning is （某词、 词组、 语句等的）上下文: * Can't you guess the meaning of the word from the context? 你能联系上下文猜出这个词的意思吗? * Don't quote my words out of context, eg so as to mislead people about what I mean. 对我的话不要断章取义. 2 circumstances in which sth happens or in which sth is to be considered （某事物产生的或应考虑到的）环境, 背景: * In the context of the present economic crisis it seems unwise to lower taxes. 鉴於当前的经济危机, 降低税率似乎不妥. * You have to see these changes in context: * they're part of a larger plan. 看待这些改革必须要纵观全局, 这些改革是大局中的局部. 派生： contextual/kEn5tekstFuEl; kEn5tekstFuEl] adj of or according to context 上下文的; 根据上下文的; 有来龙去脉的: * Contextual clues can help one to find the meaning. 上下文所提供的线索有助於了解其意义.

contiguous
[kEn5tigjuEs; kEn5tigjuEs] adj ~ (to/with sth) (fml 文) touching; neighbouring; near 挨着的; 相邻的; 邻近的: * the northern province and contiguous areas 北方省份及邻近区域 * The garden is contiguous to the field. 这个花园紧挨着农田. 派生： contiguity[7kCnti'gju:Eti; 7kanti'gjuEti] n [U] (fml 文) being contiguous 接触; 相邻; 邻近.

continence
[5kCntinEns; 5kantEnEns] n [U] 1 (fml 文) control of one's feelings, esp in sexual matters （感情的）节制; （尤指）节制性欲. 2 (medical 医) ability to control one's bladder and bowels 大小便的自控能力.

continent
1[5kCntinEnt; 5kantEnEnt] n 1 each of the main land masses of the Earth (Europe, Asia, Africa, etc) （地球上的）大洲之一（欧洲、 亚洲、 非洲等）; 洲; 大陆. 2 the Continent [sing] (Brit) the mainland of Europe 欧洲大陆: * holidaying on the Continent 在欧洲大陆度假. 派生： continental[7kCnti'nentl; 7kantE'nentl] adj 1 belonging to or typical of a continent 大陆的; 大陆性的: * a ,continental `climate 大陆性气候. 2 (also Continental) (Brit) of the mainland of Europe 欧洲大陆的: * ,continental `wars, al`liances, etc 欧洲大陆的战争、 联盟等 * a continental holiday 在欧洲大陆的假日. continental n (Brit often derog 常作贬义) inhabitant of the mainland of Europe （欧洲）大陆人. 复合： ,continental `breakfast light breakfast typically consisting only of coffee and rolls with jam 欧洲大陆式早餐（仅有咖啡和果酱面包）. Cf 参看 English breakfast (English). ,continental `drift the slow movement of the continents towards and away from each other during the history of the Earth 大陆漂移（地球史上各大陆之间产生相对位移的缓慢运动）.

contingency
[kEn5tindVEnsi; kEn5tindVEnsi] n event that may or may not occur; event that happens by chance 可能发生也可能不发生的事件; 偶发事件: * Be prepared for all possible contingencies, ie for whatever may happen. 要准备应付一切可能发生的事件. * [attrib 作定语] contingency plans/arrangements 应变计划[安排].

contingent
1[kEn5tindVEnt; kEn5tindVEnt] adj (fml 文) 1 ~ on/upon sth dependent on sth that may or may not happen 依可能发生也可能不发生的情况而定: * Our success is contingent upon your continued help. 我们的成功全靠你的不断帮助. 2 uncertain; accidental 不能确定的; 偶然的: * a contingent advantage, effect, etc 意外的好处、 结果等.

continual
[kEn5tinjuEl; kEn5tinjuEl] adj (esp derog 尤作贬义) going on all the time without stopping, or repeatedly 继续不断的; 一再重复的: * continual rain, talking, interruptions 不停的雨、 谈话、 打扰 * How do we prevent these continual breakdowns? 我们如何防止这些一再出现的故障? 派生： continually[-juEli; -juEli] adv without stopping; repeatedly 不停地; 一再地: * They're continually arguing. 他们争吵不休. * I continually have to remind him of his responsibilities. 我得一再提醒他记住他的责任. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Compare continual and continuous. 试比较continual和continuous. Continual usually describes an action which is repeated again and again *continual一般指多次重复的动作: Please stop your continual questions. 请不要再接二连叁地提问了. * He was continually late for work. 他上班总是迟到. Continuous indicates that the action or object carries on without stopping or interruption *continuous: They chattered continuously for an hour. 他们唠唠叨叨足有一个小时. * a continuous flow of traffic 接连不断的来往车辆.

continuance
[kEn5tinjuEns; kEn5tinjuEns] n [sing] (fml 文) continuing existence; remaining; staying 继续的存在; 持续; 停留: * Can we hope for a continuance of this fine weather? 我们能够指望这样的好天气再持续一段时间吗? * We can no longer support the President's continuance in office. 我们不能再支持总统连任.

continuation
[kEn7tinju'eiFn; kEn7tinju'eFEn] n 1 [U, sing] (a) carrying sth on beyond a certain point without stopping; prolongation 继续; 延续; 持续: * He argued for a continuation of the search. 他主张继续进行搜查. (b) starting again after a stop; resumption （停止後的）再开始; （中断後的）再继续: * Continuation of play after the tea interval was ruled out by rain. 原定茶点小憩後继续进行的比赛因下雨而取消了. 2 [C] thing that continues or extends sth else （某事物的）延续或延长部分: * This road is a continuation of the motorway. 这条公路是高速公路的延伸. 3 [C] (US law 律) temporary stopping of a trial; adjournment （法庭的）休庭, 休会.

continue
[kEn5tinju:; kEn5tinju] v 1 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (cause sth to) go or move further （使某事物）继续, 延续: * How far does the road continue? 这条路有多长? * The desert continued as far as the eye could see. 沙漠一直伸展到视线的尽头. * We continued up the mountain on horseback. 我们骑着马继续上山. * They continued down until they came to some pockets of natural gas. 他们继续往下钻, 终於找到了一些天然气的气阱. * It's been decided to continue the motorway (to the coast), ie build more of it until it reaches the coast. 已决定将高速公路延长（至海滨）. 2 [La, I, Ipr, Tn, Tt, Tg] ~ (with sth) (cause sth to) go on existing or happening; not stop （使某事物）继续存在或不断发生; 不停: * Circumstances continue (to be) favourable. . * Wet weather may continue for a few more days. 多雨的天气可能还要持续好几天. * We will continue (with) the payments for another year. 我们这样的报酬还要再维持一年. * In spite of my efforts to pacify it the baby continued to cry/continued crying. 尽管我已尽力哄这婴儿, 可是他还是哭个不停. * How can you continue to work/continue working with all that noise going on? 你在那不停的噪声中怎麽能工作得下去呀? 3 [Ipr] stay; remain 留在原处; 继续保持: * He is to continue as manager. 他要继续当经理. * continue at school, in one's job, etc 继续求学、 任职等. 4 (a) [I, Tn, Tt, Tg] start again after stopping; resume （停止後）再开始; （中断後）再继续: * The story continues/is continued in the next issue of the magazine. 这个故事在该杂志的下一期里继续刊载. * We continued to rehearse/continued rehearsing the chorus after the break. 休息之後我们继续排练合唱节目. (b) [I, Tn] speak or say (sth) again after stopping （停顿後）继续说: * Please continue; I didn't mean to interrupt. 请往下说, 我不是有意打断你的话的.

continue1
* `And what's more,’ he continued, `they wouldn't even let me in!’ ‘这还不算,’ 他接着说: * ‘他们甚至不让我进去!’ 派生： continued adj [attrib 作定语] going on without stopping 继续不停的: continued opposition, resistance, etc 持续的反对、 抵抗等.

continuity
[7kCnti'nju:Eti; - -'nu:-; 7kantE'nuEti] n [U] 1 state of being continuous 继续; 连续: * We must ensure continuity of fuel supplies. 我们应该确保燃料供给不中断. 2 logical connection between parts of a sequence 连续性; 持续性: * This article lacks continuity; the writer keeps jumping from one subject to another. 这篇文章缺乏连贯性, 作者一味东拉西扯, 格局无章. 3 (cinema or TV 影或视) correct sequence of action in a film, etc （电影等各场景的）串联, 衔接: * Continuity is ensured by using the same props in successive scenes. 在连续的场景中使用同样的道具以确保前後衔接. * [attrib 作定语] a conti`nuity girl, ie one who makes sure the correct sequence is kept 女场记员（负责各场的顺序衔接正确无误者）. 4 (broadcasting 播) connecting comments,announcements, etc made between broadcasts （广播节目之间主持人的）串联词、 说明词等: * [attrib 作定语] a continuity announcer 插白广播员.

continuous
[kEn5tinjuEs; kEn5tinjuEs] adj going on without stopping or being interrupted 继续不停的; 不间断的: * Is this a continuous flight, or do we stop off anywhere? 我们是不着陆的连续飞行呢, 还是要在中途的什麽地方停一停? * Our political institutions are in continuous evolution. 我们的政治制度正在不断发展中. * A continuous belt feeds components into the machine. 无极带把零件送入机器里. * continuous assessment, ie evaluation of a student's progress throughout a course of study (instead of by examination alone) 连续性评定（对学生在整个学习过程中所取得的进步的评价, 用以代替单独的考试）. =>Usage at continual 用法见continual. > continuously adv. 复合： con`tinuous tense (also progressive tense) (grammar) phrase consisting of part of be and a verb ending in -ing which expresses an action that continues over a period of time, as in `I am/was writing', `They are/were singing' 进行时态（由be的一种形式和以-ing结尾的动词构成的词组, 表示持续一段时间的动作, 如: `I am/was writing', `They are/were singing'.

continuum
[kEn5tinjuEm; kEn5tinjuEm] n (pl ~s or -ua[-uE; -uE] ) graded sequence of things of a similar kind, so that the ones next to each other are almost identical, but the ones at either end are quite distinct; cline 连续统一体.

contort
[kEn5tC:t; kEn5tCrt] v [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (sth) (with sth) (cause sth to) twist out of its natural shape （使某物）扭曲, 走样: * Her face contorted/was contorted with pain. 她的脸因疼痛而走了样. * contorted branches, limbs, etc 弯弯曲曲的枝桠、 主枝等 * (fig 比喻) a contorted (ie too complicated) explanation, excuse, etc 拐弯抹角的解释、 辩解等. 派生： contortion/kEn5tC:Fn; kEn5tCrFEn] (a) [U] contortingor being contorted (esp of the face or body) 扭曲, 扭歪, 走样（尤指脸部或躯体）. (b) [C] instance or result of this 扭曲; 扭歪; 走样: * the contortions of a yoga expert 瑜伽高手的柔软动作. contortionist[-FEnist; -FEnist] n person who is skilled in contorting his body 柔软杂技表演者.

contour
[5kCntuE(r); 5kantur] n 1 outward curve of sth/sb (eg a coast, mountain range, body) thought of as defining its shape 轮廓, 外形（如海岸、 山脉、 身体的轮廓线）: * the smooth contours of a sculpture 雕塑物的平滑的轮廓线. 2 (also `contour line) line on a map joining points that are the same height above sea level 等高线. =>illus at map 见map之插图. 派生： contour v [Tn] 1 mark (a map) with contour lines 在（地图）上标出等高线. 2 build (a road) so that it follows the contours of a hill （顺着山的起伏）修 （道路）. 复合： `contour map map with contour lines representing fixed intervals on the ground, eg of 25 metres 等高线地图.

contra
indication

contra-
comb form 构词成分 against 反对; 相反: contraflow.

contraband
[5kCntrEbAnd; 5kantrE7bAnd] n [U] goods brought into or taken out of a country illegally （非法带入或带出国境的）违禁品; 走私货: * [attrib 作定语] contraband goods 违禁货物.

contraception
[7kCntrE'sepFn; 7kantrE'sepFEn] n [U] preventing of conception(1) 避孕; 节育. 派生： contraceptive[7kCntrE'septiv; 7kantrE'septiv] n device or drug for preventing conception 避孕器; 避孕剂. adj preventing conception 避孕的; 避孕用的: * a contraceptive pill, device, drug, etc 避孕丸、 避孕器、 避孕剂.

contract
1[5kCntrAkt; 5kantrAkt] n 1 ~ (with sb) (for sth/to do sth) legally binding agreement, usu in writing 合同; 契约: * You shouldn't enter into/make a contract until you have studied its provisions carefully. 你应该先仔细研究合同的条款, 然後再签订. * We have a contract with the Government for the supply of vehicles/to supply vehicles. 我们在提供车辆方面与政府订有合约. * When the legal formalities have been settled, the buyer and seller of a house can exchange contracts, ie to complete their agreement legally. 房子的买方和卖方办妥法律手续即可交换契约. * He has agreed salary terms and is ready to sign a new contract, ie of employment. 他同意了薪金条件, 准备签新合同. * I'm not a permanent employee; I'm working here on a fixed-term contract. 我并不是永久雇员, 而是根据定期合同在此工作的. * [attrib 作定语] the contract price, date, etc, ie the price, date, etc agreed to 合同价格、 日期等 * a contract worker, ie employed on a contract 合同工. 2 (idm 习语) be under contract (to sb) have made a contract to work (for sb) 立约（为某人）工作: * a pop group that is under contract to one of the big record companies 与一家大唱片公司签有合约的流行音乐乐队. put sth out to `contract invite people to make a contract to do work, supply (goods, etc) 请人承包工作、 供货等事: * We haven't the resources to do the work ourselves, so we'll put it out to contract. 我们自己无法做这项工作, 所以要承包出去. 派生： contractual/kEn5trktFuEl; kEn5trAktFuEl] adj of or contained in a contract 合同的; 契约性的: * contractual liability, obligations, etc 合同责任、 义务等. 复合： ,contract `bridge type of bridge2 in which a player can gain points only with tricks which he had undertaken to win before the game started 定约桥牌.

contradict
[7kCntrE'dikt; 7kantrE'dikt] v 1 [I, Tn] say sth that conflicts with (sth said or written) by (sb), suggesting that the person is mistaken or not telling the truth 反驳（某人）的（言论或文字）; 批驳; 驳斥: * That is true, and don't you dare contradict (me). 这是事实, 你还敢（跟我）捷嘴. * The speaker had got confused, and started contradicting himself. 演讲者弄糊涂了, 说话自相矛盾起来. 2 [Tn] (of facts, evidence, etc) be contrary to (sth); conflict with （指事实、 证据等）与（某事物）相反, 或相矛盾: * The two statements contradict each other. 两种说法互相抵触. * The report contradicts what we heard yesterday. 这个报告与我们昨天听到的有矛盾. 派生： contradiction[7kCntrE'dikFn; 7kantrE'dikFEn] n 1 (a) [U] contradicting 反驳; 矛盾; 对立: * She will permit no contradiction. 她决不允许有异议. (b) [C] instance of this 矛盾: * That's a flat contradiction of what you said before. 这可和你以前说的恰恰相反. 2 ~ (between sth and sth) (a) [U] absence of agreement (between statements, facts, etc) （两种说法、 事实等之间的）不一致, 矛盾, 对立: * I find no contradiction between his publicly expressed opinions and his private actions. 我觉得他的公开言论与私下行为并无二致. * His private actions are in direct contradiction to/with (ie directly contradict) his publicly expressed opinions. 他私下的行为跟公开的言论完全是两码事. (b) [C] instance of this 不一致; 矛盾; 对立: * It's a contradiction to love animals and yet wear furs. 又爱护动物又穿毛皮服装, 是自相矛盾的. 3 (idm 习语) a ,contradiction in `terms statement containing two words which contradict each other's meaning 语词矛盾: * `A generous miser' is a contradiction in terms. ‘慷慨的吝啬鬼’在用词上自相矛盾. contradictory[7kCntrE'diktEri; 7kantrE'diktEri] adj contradicting 互相矛盾的; 互相对立的:

contradict1
* contradictory statements, reports, etc 互相矛盾的说法、 报告等.

contradistinction
[7kCntrEdi'stiNkFn; 7kantrEdi'stiNkFEn] n (idm 习语) in contradistinction to sth/sb (fml 文) by contrast with sth/sb; as opposed to sth/sb 以别於某事物[某人]; 与某事物[某人]相反: * I refer specifically to permanent residents, in contradistinction to temporary visitors. 我是专指永久居民而言, 以别於临时访客.

contraflow
[5kCntrEflEu; 5kantrE7flo] n [U, C] transferring of traffic from its usual half of the road to the other half, so that it shares the lane with traffic coming in the other direction 逆道行驶（车辆在迎面来车一边的道路上逆行）: * [attrib 作定语] While repairs are being carried out on this part of the motorway, a contraflow system is in operation. 高速公路的这一部分正进行维修, 现实行逆道行驶. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xiii.

contralto
[kEn5trAltEu; kEn5trAlto] (also alto) n (pl ~s) 1 lowest female voice 女低音: * She sings contralto. 她唱女低音. 2 woman with, or musical part to be sung by, such a voice 女低音歌手; 乐曲的女低音部分: * A gifted young contralto. 有天赋的年轻女低音歌手.

contraption
[kEn5trApFn; kEn5trApFEn] n (infml 口) apparatus or device, esp a strange or complicated one 器械或装置（尤指新奇或复杂的玩意儿）: * a peculiar contraption for removing pips from oranges 可以除去柑橘的子的稀奇玩意儿.

contrapuntal
[7kCntrE'pQntl; 7kantrE'pQntl] adj (music 音) of or in counterpoint 对位法的; 复调音乐的.

contrariwise
[5kCntrEriwaiz; - -treri-; 5kantreri7waiz] adv 1 on the contrary; on the other hand 相反; 在另一方面: * He always gives permission; she, contrariwise, always refuses it. 他总是予以应允; 她则相反, 总是拒绝. * `Don't you find him very rude?’ `Contrariwise! I think he's most polite.’ ‘你是否觉得他很粗野?’‘恰恰相反! 我认为他非常有礼貌.’ 2 in the opposite way 以相反的方式: * I work from left to right, he works contrariwise. 我从左边干到右边, 他从右边干到左边. 3/kEn5treEriwaiz; kEn5treriwaiz] perversely; in a way that shows opposition 一意孤行地; 表示相反地; 作对地: * They know they're not allowed to park there, but, contrariwise, they always do. 他们明知不准在那里停车, 却偏偏总要把车停在那里.

contrary
1[5kCntrEri; - -treri; 5kantreri] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] opposite in nature, tendency or direction （在性质、 倾向或方向等上）相反的, 相违的: * contrary beliefs 截然相反的信仰 * traffic moving in contrary directions 来来往往的车辆 * `Hot' and `cold' are contrary terms. ‘热’和‘冷’是一对反义词. * The ship was delayed by contrary winds, ie blowing against the direction of travel. 航船因遇逆风而延误了. 派生： contrarily[-rili; - -rEli; -rEli] adv in a contrary manner 相反地; 反而. 复合： contrary to prep in opposition to (sth); against 违反（某事物）; 对抗: be contrary to the law, rules, etc 违反法律、 规则等 * The results were contrary to expectation. 结果与预期的相反. * Contrary to the doctor's orders, he had gone back to work. 他不听医生的吩咐, 又回去工作了.

contrast
1[kEn5tra:st; - -'trAst; kEn5trAst] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ A and/with B compare (two people or things) so that differences are made clear 对比（以显出两人或事物的差异）: * It is interesting to contrast the two writers. 将这两位作家加以比较是很有意思的. * contrast his work and/with hers 把他的作品与她的作品加以比较. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb/sth) show a difference when compared （通过对比）显出差异; 形成对照: * Her actions contrasted sharply with her promises. 她的行动与她的诺言有天壤之别. * Her actions and her promises contrasted sharply, ie She did not do as she had promised. 她的行动与她的诺言相去甚远.

contravene
[7kCntrE'vi:n; 7kantrE'vin] v [Tn] 1 act or be contrary to (a law, etc); break 违犯（法律等）; 违反: * You are contravening the regulations. 你违反了规定. * Her actions contravene the rules. 她的所作所为违反了规定. 2 (of things) conflict with (sth); not agree with （指事物）与（某事物）相抵触; 不合於...: * This evidence contravenes our theory. 这个证据跟我们的理论不相符. 派生： contravention[7kCntrE'venFn; 7kantrE'venFEn] n [C, U] (act of) contravening (a law, etc) （对法律等的）违犯, 违反: * a blatant contravention of the treaty 公然违背条约的行为 * acting in direct contravention of (ie against) my wishes 跟我的愿望完全背道而驰.

contretemps
[5kCntrEtCm; 5kantrE7ta] n (pl unchanged 复数不变) (French fml or joc 法, 文或谑) unfortunate event; mishap; set-back 不幸事件; 灾祸; 挫折.

contribute
[kEn5tribju:t; kEn5tribjut] v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Tw] ~ (sth) (to/towards sth) give one's share of (money, help, advice, etc) to help a joint cause 出（钱、 力、 主意等）; 捐助; 捐赠; 贡献: * contribute (ten pounds) to a charity collection 捐献（十镑）给慈善事业 * contribute aid for refugees 向难民提供援助 * Everyone should contribute what he or she can afford. 人人都应该尽自己的能力作贡献. * The chairman encourages everyone to contribute to (ie take part in) the discussion. 主席鼓励大家参与讨论. 2 [Ipr] ~ to sth increase sth; add to sth 增加某事物; 添加到某事物中: * Her work has contributed enormously to our understanding of this difficult subject. 她的着作极有助於我们对这个困难问题的了解. 3 [Ipr] ~ to sth help to cause sth 促成某事物: * Does smoking contribute to lung cancer? 吸烟会导致肺癌吗? 4 [Ipr, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) to sth write (articles, etc) for a publication 撰稿; 投（稿）: * She has contributed (several poems) to literary magazines. 她给文学刊物投了（几首诗）稿. 派生： contributor n person who contributes (money to a fund, articles to a magazine, etc) 捐款人; 捐助者; 投稿者.

contribution
[7kCntri5bju:Fn; 7kantrE'bjuFEn] n ~ (to/towards sth) (a) [U] action of contributing 捐款; 捐助; 贡献; 促成; 投稿: * the contribution of money to charity 慈善捐款. (b) [C] thing contributed 捐赠物; 稿件: * a small contribution (ie of money) to the collection 少量捐款 * The editor is short of contributions (ie articles) for the May issue. 编辑缺少五月号刊物用的稿件. * (fig 比喻) The signing of such a treaty would be a major contribution towards (ie would help greatly to bring about) world peace. 签订这样一项条约, 是对世界和平的重大贡献.

contributory
[kEn5tribjutEri; - -tC:ri; kEn5tribjE7tCri] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] 1 helping to cause sth 促成某事物的; 有助於某事物的: * a contributory factor, cause, etc 起促成作用的因素、 原因等 * contributory negligence, eg that helped to cause an accident 共同过失（受伤一方因本身疏忽造成的事故）. 2 paid for by contributions 由捐助支付的: * a con,tributory `pension scheme, ie paid for by both employers and employees 共集年金制（由雇主和职工共同出资）.

contrite
[5kCntrait; 5kantrait] adj filled with or showing deep regret for having done wrong; repentant 痛悔前非的; 悔恨不已的: * a contrite apology, manner 深表懊悔的致歉、 样子 * She was contrite the morning after her angry outburst. 她发了一顿脾气之後一早上追悔莫及. > contritely adv.

contrition
[kEn5triFn; kEn5triFEn] n [U] deep regret for having doing wrong; repentance 悔恨; 痛悔; 忏悔.

contrivance
[kEn5traivEns; kEn5traivEns] n 1 [C] ~ (for doing sth/to do sth) (a) device or tool, esp one made by an individual for a particular purpose 机械装置或用具（尤指为某用途而特制之物）: * a contrivance for cutting curved shapes 可作曲线切削的用具 * He erected some contrivance for storing rain-water. 他装设了一种贮存雨水的器具. (b) complicated or deceitful plan 计谋; 骗术: * an ingenious contrivance to get her to sign the document without reading it 为使她不经过目就签署文件的妙计. 2 [U] capacity to do or accomplish sth 能力: * Some things are beyond human contrivance. 有些事情人们是无能为力的. 3 [U] action of contriving 发明; 设计: * the contrivance of an effective method 一种实用方法的产生.

contrive
[kEn5traiv; kEn5traiv] v (fml 文) 1 [Tn] plan (sth) cleverly or deceitfully; invent; design 谋划或策划（某事）; 发明; 设计: * contrive a device, an experiment, a means of escape 设计一个装置; 筹划一项实验; 策划逃跑 * contrive a way of avoiding paying tax 设法逃税 * Their sudden outburst was obviously genuine; it couldn't have been contrived. 他们突如其来的发作显然是真的, 这是装不出来的. 2 [Tt] manage (to do sth) in spite of difficulties 想尽办法做某事物: * contrive to live on a small income 靠菲薄的收入精打细算过日子 * (ironic 反语) He contrived to make matters worse, ie unintentionally made them worse by what he did. 他弄巧成拙. 派生： contrived adj (derog 贬) 1 planned in advance rather than being spontaneous or genuine 人为的; 策划的; 非自发的; 虚假的: a contrived incident intended to mislead the newspapers 企图蒙蔽报界的人为事件. 2 obviously invented; not lifelike 杜撰的; 缺乏真实性的: a novel with a very contrived plot 情节十分虚假的小说.

control
1[kEn5trEul; kEn5trol] n 1 [U] ~ (of/over sb/sth) power or authority to direct, order or limit （指挥、 命令或限制的）能力, 权力; 控制; 支配; 管理: * children who lack parental control, ie are not kept in order by their parents 缺乏父母管教的孩子 * He has no control over his emotions. 他控制不住自己的感情. * In the latest elections our party has got/gained control (of the council). 在这次选举中, 本党获得了（对议会的）控制权. * She managed to keep control of her car on the ice. 她在冰上开车时, 尽力控制住了汽车. * A military government took control (of the country). 军政府接管了（国家）. * The city is in/under the control of enemy forces. 该城现处於敌军的控制之下. * The pilot lost control of the plane. 飞行员失去了对飞机的控制. * He got so angry he lost control (of himself), ie started to behave wildly. 他气得无法自制. * Due to circumstances beyond/outside our control, we cannot land here. 由於出现了我们无法控制的情况, 我们不能在此着陆. 2 [U] management; guidance; restriction 管制; 指导; 限制: * control of traffic/traffic control 交通管制 * control of foreign exchange 外汇管理 * She argued for import control, ie the restricting of imports. 她主张实行进口限制. * [attrib 作定语] arms-control talks 军备控制谈判. 3 [C] ~ (on sth) means of limiting or regulating 限制或管理的手段: * government controls on trade and industry 政府对工商业的管理措施 * The arms trade should be subject to rigorous controls. 对军火贸易应该严加限制. 4 [C] standard of comparison for checking the results of an experiment （实验的）对照标准: * One group was treated with the new drug, and a second group was treated with the old one as a control. 对一组使用新药, 对另一组则使用旧药以资对照. * [attrib 作定语] a con`trol group 作为对照的一组. 5 [C usu pl 通常作复数] switches, levers, etc by which a machine is operated or regulated （机器的）操纵装置（如开关、 操纵 等）:

control1
* the controls of an aircraft, ie for direction, height, etc 飞行器的操纵装置 * The pilot is at the controls. 飞行员在掌握操纵仪. * the volume control of a radio, ie the one which regulates loudness 收音机的音量调节器 * a studio with an array of electronic controls 有一系列电子控制装置的播音室 * [attrib 作定语] a control panel, board, lever, etc 操纵盘、 板、 等. 6 [sing] place from which orders are issued or at which checks are made 指挥部; 检查站: * Mission control ordered the spacecraft to return to earth. 指挥部命令宇宙飞船返回地球. * Our papers are checked as we go through passport control at the airport. 我们通过机场查验护照的关卡时, 查验了我们的证件. 7 (idm 习语) be in control (of sth) direct, manage or rule (sth) 指挥、 管理或支配（某事物）: * She may be old, but she's still in control (of all that is happening). 她尽管人已老了, 然而仍由她掌管（一切事情）. * Who's in control of the project? 谁是这个项目的负责人? * Enemy forces are in control of the city. 敌军控制着这座城市. be/get out of con`trol be/become no longer manageable 失去控制: * The children are out of control. 管不住这些孩子了. * Inflation has got out of control. 通货膨胀已失去控制. bring/get sth/be under con`trol subdue or master sth/be subdued or mastered 抑制; 控制: * You must get your spending under control. 你必须节制开支. * The fire has been brought under control. 火势已受到控制. * Don't worry; everything's under control, ie all difficulties are being dealt with. 别担心, 一切都在控制之下. 复合： con`trol tower building at an airport from which the taking off and landing of aircraft is controlled （机场的）指挥塔, 指挥调度台; 塔台.

controversial
[7kCntrE'vE:Fl; 7kantrE'vEFEl] adj causing or likely to cause controversy 引起或可能引起争论的: * a controversial person, decision, organization, book 有争议的人物、 决定、 组织、 书. 派生： controversialist[-FElist; -FElist] n (fml 文) person who is good at or fond of controversy 善辩者; 好辩者. controversially[-FEli; -FEli] adv.

controversy
[5kCntrEvE:si, kEn5trCvEsi; 5kantrE7vEsi] n [U, C] ~ (about/over sth) public discussion or argument, often rather angry, about sth which many people disagree with 公开辩论; 论战: * The appointment of the new director aroused a lot of controversy, ie Many people publicly disagreed with it. 新负责人的任命引起了激烈的争论. * a bitter controversy about/over the siting of the new airport 对新机场选址问题的剧烈争论.

controvert
[7kCntrE'vE:t; 5kantrE7vEt] v [Tn] (fml 文) deny the truth of (sth); argue about 否定（某事物）; 争论; 反驳: * a fact that cannot be controverted 无可置辩的事实.

contumacious
[7kCntju:'meiFEs; - -tu:-; 7kantu'meFEs] adj (fml 文) obstinate and disobedient 固执的; 桀骜不驯的; 顽抗的. > contumaciously adv.

contumacy
[5kCntjumEsi; - kEn5tu:mEsi; 5kantumEsi] n (fml 文) (a) [U] obstinate resistance or disobedience 顽抗; 抗命. (b) [C] instance of this 顽抗.

contumely
[5kCntju:mli; - kEn5tu:mEli; 5kantu7mili] n (fml 文) (a) [U] insulting language or treatment 无礼的言辞或行为. (b) [C] instance of this; humiliating insult 侮慢无礼.

contuse
[kEn5tju:z; - -'tu:z; kEn5tuz] v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (medical 医) injure (a part of the body) without breaking the skin; bruise 挫伤（身体某部）; 使产生青肿. 派生： contusion/kEn5tju:Vn; - -'tu:-; kEn5tjuVEn] n (medical 医) bruise 挫伤; 青肿.

conundrum
[kE'nQndrEm; kE'nQndrEm] n 1 question, usu with a pun in its answer, that is asked for fun; riddle 问题（答案通常为双关语的）; 谜语. 2 puzzling problem 伤脑筋的问题: * an issue that is a real conundrum for the experts 使专家们大伤脑筋的问题.

conurbation
[7kCnE:'beiFn; 7kanl'beFEn] n large urbanarea formed by the expansion and joining together of several smaller towns 集合城市（由几个小城镇扩展连合而构成大的城市区域）.

convalesce
[7kCnvE'les; 7kanvE'les] v [I] regain one's health and strength after an illness 恢复健康和体力; 康复: * She went to the seaside to convalesce after her stay in hospital. 她经过住院治疗後, 前往海滨养病. 派生： convalescence[7kCnvE'lesns; 7kanvE'lesns] n [sing, U] (period of) gradual recovery of health and strength 康复（期）. convalescent[7kCnvE'lesnt;7kanvE'lesnt] n, adj (person who is) recovering from illness 康复中的（病人）: * a convalescent home, ie a type of hospital where people convalesce 疗养所.

convection
[kEn5vekFn; kEn5vekFEn] n [U] transmission of heat from one part of a liquid or gas to another by the movement of heated substances （热的）对流.

convector
[kEn5vektE(r); kEn5vektl] n (also con,vector`heater) room heater that warms air by passing it over hot surfaces and then circulates it 对流加热器.

convene
[kEn5vi:n; kEn5vin] v 1 [Tn] summon (people) to come together; arrange (a meeting, etc) 召集（人们）; 召开（会议等）: * convene the members, a committee, etc 召集成员、 委员会会议等. 2 [I] come together (for a meeting, etc) 集合（开会等）: * The tribunal will convene tomorrow. 法庭将於明日开庭. 派生： convener (also convenor) n (a) person who convenes meetings （会议）召集人. (b) (Brit) senior trade union official in a factory or some other place of work 工会领导人: the works convenor 该厂的工会领导人.

convenience
[kEn5vi:niEns; kEn5vinjEns] n 1 [U] quality of being convenient or suitable; freedom from trouble or difficulty 方便; 便利; 适宜; 省事: * a library planned for the users' convenience 旨在方便读者的图书馆 * I keep my reference books near my desk for convenience. 我把参考书放在书桌旁用着方便. * It was a marriage of convenience, ie They married for material advantage, not for love. 那是一门贪图财利的亲事. 2 [C] (a) arrangement, appliance or device that is useful, helpful or suitable 有用、 有益或适宜的安排、 用具或设施: * It was a great convenience to have the doctor living near us. 有医生住在我们附近真是太方便了. * The house has all the modern conveniences, eg central heating, hot water supply, etc. 这所房屋有各种现代化的设施（如集中供暖、 热水供应等设备）. (b) (Brit euph 婉) lavatory for the use of the general public （公共）厕所: * There is a public convenience on the corner of the street. 在街道的拐角处有公共厕所. 3 (idm 习语) at one's con`venience when and where it suits one 在方便的时候及在适宜的地方: * With a caravan, you can stop at your own convenience; you're not dependent on hotels. 开着一辆大篷车, 可以随意停下来, 不用住旅馆. at your earliest con`venience => early. a flag of convenience => flag1. 复合： con`venience food food (eg in a tin, packet, etc) that needs very litttle preparation after being bought 方便食品.

convenient
[kEn5vi:niEnt; kEn5vinjEnt] adj ~ (for sb/sth) 1 fitting in well with people's needs or plans; giving no trouble or difficulty; suitable 适合需要的; 方便的; 省心的; 省事的; 合适的: * I can't see him now; it's not convenient. 我现在不便见他. * Will it be convenient for you to start work tomorrow? 你明天开始工作方便吗? * We must arrange a convenient time and place for the meeting. 我们必须安排一个合适的时间和地点开会. * A bicycle's often far more convenient than a car in busy cities. 在热闹的都市里骑自行车往往比坐汽车方便得多. 2 situated nearby; easily accessible 近便的; 容易到达的: * (infml 口) a house that is convenient for (ie is near) the shops 靠近店 的房屋 * It's useful to have a convenient supermarket. 附近有家超级市场实在方便. 派生： conveniently adv in a convenient manner 方便地: My house is conveniently near a bus-stop. 我家离公共汽车站不远, 非常方便.

convent
[5kCnvEnt; - -vent; 5kanvent] n building(s) in which a community of nuns lives 女修道院: * enter a convent, ie become a nun 当修女 * [attrib 作定语] a convent school, ie one run by nuns 修女会开办的学校. Cf 参看 monastery, nunnery (nun).

convention
[kEn5venFn; kEn5venFEn] n 1 [C] conference of members of a profession, political party, etc （某一职业、 政党等之人士召开的）大会: * a teachers', dentists', etc convention 教师的、 牙科医生的会议 * hold a convention 召开大会 * the US Democratic Party Convention, ie to elect a candidate for President 美国民主党代表大会（会上选出总统候选人）. 2 (a) [U] general, usu unspoken, agreement about how people should act or behave in certain circumstances （某种情况下的）习俗, 惯例: * Convention dictates that a minister should resign in such a situation. 依照常规大臣在这种情况下应该辞职. * By convention the deputy leader is always a woman. 按照惯例这一领导人的副职总是由女子担任. * defy convention by wearing outrageous clothes 穿着奇装异服以对抗习俗 * a slave to convention, ie sb who always follows accepted ways of doing things 传统的奴隶（墨守成规的人）. (b) [C] customary practice 惯常作法; 惯例: * the conventions which govern stock-market dealing 证券交易所遵循的惯例. 3 [C] agreement between states, rulers, etc that is less formal than a treaty （国家、 首脑等之间的）协议, 协定: * the Geneva Convention, ie about the treatment of prisoners of war, etc （关於战俘待遇等问题的）日内瓦协定.

conventional
[kEn5venFEnl; kEn5venFEnl] adj 1 (a) (often derog 常作贬义) based on convention(2a) 依照惯例的; 约定俗成的; 因循守旧的: * conventional clothes, behaviour 老一套的衣物、 行为 * She's so conventional in her views. 她的观点太保守. * He made a few conventional remarks about the weather. 他说了几句关於天气的客套话. * The conventional wisdom is that high wage rises increase inflation, ie That is the generally accepted view. 人们普遍认同的看法是工资增长过快会加剧通货膨胀. (b) following what is traditional or customary 依照传统的; 符合习俗的: * a conventional design, method 传统的式样、 方法. 2 (esp of weapons) not nuclear （尤指武器）常规的, 非核的: * conventional missiles, warfare, etc 常规的导弹、 战争等 * a conven-tional power station, ie fuelled by oil or coal, rather than being powered by a nuclear reactor 使用普通燃料的发电厂（以石油或煤为燃料而非使用核动力的）. 派生： conventionality/kEn7venFEn'lEti; kEn7venFEn'AlEti] n (a) [U] conventional quality or character 传统性; 因循性: * the timid conventionality of his designs 他在设计中对传统的亦步亦趋. (b) [C] conventional remark, attitude, etc 因循守旧的言语、 态度等. conventionalize, -ise/kEn5venFEnElaiz; kEn5ven-FEnl7aiz] v [Tn] make (sb/sth) conventional 使（某人[某事物]）符合惯例. conventionally[-FEnEli; -FEnli] adv: * conventionally dressed, designed, etc 传统穿戴的、 式样的等.

converge
[kEn5vE:dV; kEn5vEdV] v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (on sb/sth); ~ (at sth) (of lines, moving objects, etc) (come towards each other and) meet at a point （指线条、 运动的物体等）会於一点, 向一点会合; 聚集: * armies converging on the capital city 向首都集结的各路军队 * Parallel lines converge at infinity. 平行线永不相交. * Enthusiasts from around the world converge on (ie come to) Le Mans for the annual car race. 热心的观众从世界各地涌到勒芒市观看一年一度的汽车比赛. 2 [I] (fig 比喻) (tend to) become similar or identical （趋於）相似或相同: * Our previously opposed views are beginning to converge. 我们原来相互对立的观点开始趋於一致. * Some say that capitalism and socialism will eventually converge. 有人说资本主义和社会主义最终会合而为一. > convergence/kEn5vE:dVEns; kEn5vEdVEns] n [U].convergent/kEn5vE:dVEnt; kEn5vEdVEnt] adj: * convergentlines, opinions 相交的线条; 趋於一致的意见. =>illus 见插图. Cf 参看 diverge.

conversant
[kEn5vE:snt; kEn5vlsnt] adj [pred 作表语] ~ with sth (fml 文) having knowledge of sth; familiar with sth （对某事物）精通, 熟悉: * thoroughly conversant with all the rules 对所有的规则了如指掌.

conversation
[7kCnvE'seiFn; 7kanvl'seFEn] n ~ (with sb) (about sth) (a) [C] informal talk 交谈; 谈话; 谈天: * having a quiet conversation with a friend 跟朋友静静地谈天 * She tended to monopolize the conversation. 她说个没完, 使别人插不上嘴. (b) [U] informal talking 交谈; 谈话; 谈天: * He was deep in conversation with his accountant. 他与会计深入交谈. * It can be very difficult, making conversation at a party, ie trying to think of things to say. 在聚会时有时很难找话题跟人应酬. =>Usage at talk1 用法见talk1. 派生： conversational[-FEnl; -FEnl] adj (a) [attrib 作定语] of talking 谈话的: * her limited conversational powers 她那有限的口才. (b) appropriate to conversation; colloquial 适用於会话的; 口语的: * a conversational tone, manner, etc 会话语调、 方式等. conversationalist[-FEnElist; -FEnlist] n talker 交谈者: * a fluent conversationalist 健谈的人.

converse
1[kEn5vE:s; kEn5vEs] v [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (with sb) (about sth); ~ (together) (fml 文) talk 交谈: * She sat conversing with the President. 她坐着与总统交谈.

conversion
[kEn5vE:Fn; - kEn5vE:rVn; kEn5vEVEn] n ~ (from sth) (into/to sth) 1 [U] converting or being converted 转变; 变换: * the conversion of a barn into a house, of pounds into dollars 仓房之改建为寓所、 英镑之兑换成美元 * Conversion to gas central heating will save you a lot of money. 改用煤气集中供暖将节省大笔开支. * [attrib 作定语] a metric conversion table, ie showing how to change metric amounts into or out of another system, by calculation 公制换算表. 2 [C] instance of this 转变: * a building firm which specializes in house conversions, eg converting large houses into several flats 专营改建房屋的建 公司（如将大房屋改建为几个单元者） * He kicked a penalty goal and two conversions, ie in Rugby football. 他一次罚球得分, 两次触地後射门得分（在橄榄球赛中）. * He used to support monetarist economics, but he underwent quite a conversion (ie changed his opinion) when he saw how it increased unemployment. 他一向赞同货币经济理论, 然而当他看到这种理论加重了失业现象之後, 他彻底改变了看法.

convert
1[kEn5vE:t; kEn5vEt] v 1 (a) [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (from sth) (into/to sth) change (sth) from one form or use to another 改变（某事物）的形式或用途: * Britain converted to a decimal currency system in 1971. 英国於1971年改行十进制货币体系. * a ferry that was converted to carry troops during the war 战争期间改作运兵船的渡轮 * a converted flat, ie made by dividing up a large house 改建而成的一套房间（将大的房屋分隔而成者） * convert rags into paper, a house into flats, pounds into francs 用碎布屑造纸、 把一所房屋改建成几个单元、 把英镑兑换成法郎 * The room was converted from a kitchen to a lavatory. 这房间由厨房改成了厕所. (b) [Ipr] ~ into/to sth be able to be changed from one form or use to another 可改变形式或用途: * a sofa that converts (in) to a bed 可改为床铺的沙发. 2 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sb) (from sth) (to sth) change one's beliefs, esp one's religion; persuade sb to change his beliefs （使）改变信仰（尤指宗教信仰）: * He's converted to Catholicism. 他已皈依天主教. * convert sb from atheism to Christianity 使某人放弃无神论, 改信基督教. 3 [Tn] (in Rugby football) gain extra points after scoring (a try) by kicking a goal （在橄榄球赛中）（触地得分後再射）踢中球门获得附加分. 4 (idm 习语) preach to the converted => preach. 派生： converter, convertor ns 1 (physics 物) (a) device for converting alternating current to direct current or vice versa 变流器, 逆变器. (b) device that changes the wavelength of a radio signal 变频器. 2 vessel for refining molten metal 转炉（冶炼金属的容器）.

convertible
[kEn5vE:tEbl; kEn5vEtEbl] adj ~ (into/to sth) that can be converted 可改变的; 可转换的; 可兑换的: * a sofa that is convertible (into a bed) 可改（为床铺）的沙发 * convertible currencies, ie that can be exchanged for those of other countries 可兑换的货币. 派生： convertibility/kEn7vE:tE'bilEti; kEn7vEtE'bilEti] n [U]. convertible n car with a roof that can be folded down or removed 摺篷汽车.

convex
[5kCnveks; 5kanveks] adj with a curved surface like the outside of a ball 凸圆的; 凸面的: * a convex lens, mirror, etc 凸透镜; 凸面镜等. =>illus at concave 见concave之插图. Cf 参看 concave. 派生： convexity/kCn'veksEti; kEn5veksEti] n [U] state of being convex 凸; 凸状.

convey
[kEn5vei; kEn5ve] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (from...) (to...) (fml 文) take sb/sth; carry sb/sth; transmit sb/sth 运载; 运送某人[某物]: * Pipes convey hot water from the boiler to the radiators. 通过管道把热水从锅炉输送到散热器里. * This train conveys both passengers and goods. 这列火车既载人又载货. * a message conveyed by radio 由无线电传递的讯息. 2 [Tn, Tf, Tw, Dn.pr, Dpr.f, Dpr.w] ~ sth (to sb) make (ideas, feelings, etc) known to another person 表达或传达（思想、 感情等）: * a poem that perfectly conveys (to the reader) the poet's feelings/what the poet feels （向读者）充分地表达出诗人思想感情的诗篇 * Words cannot convey how delighted I was. 言辞无法表达我内心的喜悦. * Please convey my good wishes to your mother. 请向您母亲转达我的祝愿. * Blenkinsop? No, the name doesn't convey anything to me, ie I do not know or recognize it. Blenkinsop?我不知道这个名字. 3 [Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) (law 律) transfer full legal rights to the ownership of (land, property, etc) to sb 转让（土地、 财产等）. 派生： conveyor, conveyer ns person or thing that conveys 运送者; 传送者; 传达者; 转让者; 运输设备; 传送装置: one of the largest conveyors of passenger traffic 最大的客运工具之一. con`veyor belt (also conveyor) continuous belt or band that moves on rollers and is used for transporting loads (eg products in a factory, luggage at an airport) 传送带.

conveyance
[kEn5veiEns; kEn5veEns] n 1 [U] (fml 文) conveying 运送; 传送; 传达; 转让: * the conveyance of goods by rail 铁路货运. 2 [C] (fml 文) thing that conveys; vehicle 运输设备; 运载工具; 车辆: * old-fashioned conveyances 老式运载工具 * a public conveyance 公共运输设备. 3 (law 律) (a) [U] conveying property 转让财产: * an expert in conveyance 承办产权转让事务的专家. (b) [C] document that conveys property 产权转让证书: * draw up a conveyance 拟就产权转让证书. 派生： conveyancer n person who prepares conveyances (conveyance 3b) 备办产权转让证书的人员. conveyancing n [U] conveying of property 财产的转让.

convict
[kEn5vikt; kEn5vikt] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (of sth) (of a jury or judge) declare in a lawcourt that sb is guilty (of a crime) （指陪审团或法官）宣判某人有（...）罪: * She has twice been convicted (of fraud). 她已有两次被判（诈骗）罪. * a convicted murderer 已定罪的谋杀犯. 派生： convict[5kCnvikt; 5kanvikt] (also infml 口语亦作 con) n person who has been convicted of crime and is being punished, esp by imprisonment 已决犯; （已定罪并服刑的, 尤指监禁的）囚犯: * an escaped convict 逃犯.

conviction
[kEn5vikFn; kEn5vikFEn] n 1 ~ (for sth) (a) [U] the convicting of a person for a crime 定罪; 科刑: * an offence which carries, on conviction, a sentence of not more than five years' imprisonment 定罪後可判处五年以下监禁的罪行. (b) [C] instance of this 定罪: * She has six convictions for theft. 她有六次因盗窃而被判刑. 2 [U, C] ~ (that...) firm opinion or belief 坚定的看法或信仰: * It's my conviction (ie I firmly believe) that complacency is at the root of our troubles. 我深信自满情绪是我们各种问题的根源. * Do you always act in accordance with your convictions? 你是否一贯地本着你的信念行事? 3 [U] believable quality 可信性: * She'd made such promises before, and they lacked conviction/didn't carry much conviction. 她以前也作过这样的许诺, 但都不足信. 4 (idm 习语) be open to conviction => open1. have/lack the courage of one's convictions => courage.

convince
[kEn5vins; kEn5vins] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.f] ~ sb (of sth) make sb feel certain; cause sb to realize 使某人确信; 使某人明白: * How can I convince you (of her honesty)? 我怎样才能使你相信（她很诚实）呢? * What she said convinced me that I was mistaken. 她的一番话使我认识到我错了. * I was convinced (ie sure) I saw you there, but it must have been someone else. 我原来真以为看见你在那里, 一定是看错了人. 2 [Cn.t] (esp US) persuade 说服: * What convinced you to vote for them? 究竟是什麽使得你愿意投他们的票? 派生： convinced adj [attrib 作定语] firm in one's belief 坚信不移的; 有坚定信仰的: a convinced Christian 虔诚的基督徒. convincible/kEn5vinsEbl; kEn5vinsEbl] adj willing to be convinced 可被说服的; 可喻之以理的. convincing adj that convinces 令人信服的: a convincing speech, argument, liar 有说服力的讲话、 言之成理的论据、 很能蛊惑人的瞎话大王等. convincingly adv: a convincingly argued statement 雄辩的陈辞.

convivial
[kEn5viviEl; kEn5viviEl] adj (esp fml 尤作文雅语) 1 cheerful and sociable; fond of being with others 愉快而随和的; 好交际的: * convivial companions 喜欢交际的朋友. 2 full of shared pleasure and friendliness 联欢的; 联谊的: * a convivial evening, atmosphere 欢乐的夜晚、 气氛. 派生： conviviality/kEn7vivi'AlEti; kEn7vivi'AlEti] n [U] 1 cheerfulness; sociability 欢乐; 交游. 2 shared pleasure, esp with drinking and eating 联欢（尤指饮宴作乐）. convivially[-iEli; -iEli] adv.

convocation
[7kCnvE'keiFn; 7kanvE'keFEn] n 1 [CGp] formal assembly, esp the legislative body of the Church of England or of the graduates of some universities （正式的）集会（尤指英国国教会制定规章的机构的会议或某些大学的毕业生评议会）: * Convocation has/have ruled that... 会议规定如下.... 2 [U] (fml 文) convoking; calling together 召集.

convoke
[kEn5vEuk; kEn5vok] v [Tn] (fml 文) call together or summon (a meeting, etc) 召集, 召开（会议等）: * convoke Parliament 召开国会.

convoluted
[5kCnvElu:tid; 5kanvE7lutid] adj 1 coiled; twisted 盘绕的; 卷曲的: * the convoluted folds of the brain 盘绕成团的脑回. 2 (fig 比喻) complicated and difficult to follow 复杂的; 费解的: * a convoluted argument, explanation, etc 玄之又玄的论点、 解释等.

convolution
[7kCnvE'lu:Fn; 7kanvE'luFEn] n (usu pl 通常作复数) coil; twist 盘绕; 拳曲: * ornate carving with lots of curves and convolutions 有很多曲线和经旋的雕饰 * (fig 比喻) the bizarre convolutions of the plot 情节的离奇曲折.

convolvulus
[kEn5vClvjulEs; kEn5valvjElEs] n (pl ~es) [C, U] type of twining plant with trumpet-shaped flowers 旋花植物（开喇叭状的花）.

convoy
1[5kCnvCi; 5kanvCi] n 1 (a) group of vehicles or ships travelling together 车队; 船队: * a large convoy of coal lorries 由运煤卡车组成的庞大车队. (b) group of vehicles or ships being escorted for protection while travelling 被护送的车队或船队: * The convoy was attacked by submarines. 被护送的船队受到了潜水艇的攻击. 2 (idm 习语) in `convoy (of travelling vehicles) as a group; together （指行进中的交通工具）组成一队; 结队: * The supply ships travelled in convoy. 补给船结队航行. under `convoy escorted by a protecting force 在护卫下: * The missiles were moved under convoy. 导弹在护卫之下转移.

convulse
[kEn5vQls; kEn5vQls] v [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] cause (sb/sth) to make sudden violent uncontrollable movements 使（某人[某事物]）剧烈震动: * convulsed with laughter, anger, toothache 笑得前仰後合、 气得暴跳如雷、 牙齿疼得使脸抽搐变形 * a country convulsed by earthquakes 遭受震灾的国家 * (fig 比喻) Riots convulsed the cities, ie caused violent disturbance. 动乱震撼着这些城市.

convulsion
[kEn5vQlFn; kEn5vQlFEn] n 1 (usu pl 通常作复数) sudden violent uncontrollable body movement, caused by contraction of muscles 痉挛; 抽搐: * The child reacted to the drug by going into convulsions. 这孩子全身痉挛, 对药物有反应. 2 violent disturbance 大乱; 乱子: * The leader's assassination led to political convulsions, eg an attempt at revolution. 领导人遇剌引起了政治动乱. 3 convulsions [pl] uncontrollable laughter 捧腹大笑: * The story was so funny it had us in convulsions. 这故事滑稽极了, 使我们笑得不亦乐乎.

convulsive
[kEn5vQlsiv; kEn5vQlsiv] adj 1 having, producing or consisting of convulsions （产生）痉挛的; 抽搐的: * a convulsive movement, spasm, etc 抽搐的动作、 发作等. 2 violently disturbing 大乱的: * convulsive upheavals, such as urban riots 大动荡, 如城市动乱. > convulsively adv.

cony
(also coney)[5kEuni; 5koni] n (pl conies) 1 [U] fur of the rabbit used to make coats, etc （做大衣等用的）兔毛皮. 2 [C] (arch 古) rabbit 兔子.

coo
1[ku:; ku] v (pt, pp cooed/ku:d; kud] , pres p cooing) 1 [I] (of a dove or pigeon) make its characteristic soft cry （指鸽子）发咕咕声. 2 (infml 口) (a) [I] make a soft murmuring sound like that of a dove 发类似鸽叫的细语声: * a baby cooing 婴儿的细语. (b) [Tn] say (sth) in a soft murmur 柔声地说: * `It will be all right,’ she cooed soothingly. ‘就会好起来的,’她轻柔地安慰说. 3 (idm 习语) bill and coo => bill2. 派生： coo n (pl coos) soft murmuring sound (like that) of a dove 鸽子的咕咕声; 喁喁细语声.

cook
[kuk; kuk] v 1 (a) [I, Ipr, Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (for sb) prepare (food) by heating, eg boiling, baking, roasting, frying 烹调（如煮、 焙、 烤、 炸）; 做饭菜: * Where did you learn to cook? 你在哪里学的烹饪? * These potatoes aren't (properly) cooked! 这些马铃薯还没熟（透）! * a cooked breakfast 做好了的早餐 * He cooked me my dinner. 他给我做了饭. * I like to cook (Chinese dishes) for my family. 我喜欢给家里人做（中国菜）饭. (b) [I] be prepared in this way 煮, 焙, 烤, 炸; 烹调: * The vegetables are cooking. 蔬菜正在做着. * The meat cooks slowly. 肉熟得慢. * These apples cook well, ie taste good when cooked. 这种苹果宜於熟吃. =>Usage 见所附用法. 2 [Tn] (infml derog 口, 贬) alter (sth) secretly or dishonestly so as to deceive; falsify 窜改（某物）; 捏造: * He was sent to prison for cooking the books, ie dishonestly changing the financial records, esp for personal profit. 他因窜改帐目而入狱. * cook the accounts, statistics, figures 窜改账目、 统计资料、 数字. 3 [I] (used in the continuous tenses 用於进行时态) (infml 口) be planned; happen as a result of plotting 在筹划中; （经过策划而）发生: * What's cooking? 发生了什麽事? * Everybody is being secretive: * there's something cooking. 每个人都鬼鬼祟祟, 一定出了什麽事情. 4 (idm 习语) ,cook the `books (infml 口) falsify facts or figures in order to make one's financial position seem better than it really is 伪造帐目; 做假帐. cook sb's `goose (infml 口) ensure that sb fails 使某人彻底失败: * When the police found his fingerprints he knew his goose was cooked, ie knew that he would be caught. 警方发现了他的指纹, 他意识到自己已经完了. 5 (phr v) cook sth up (infml 口) invent sth, esp in order to deceive 编造某事物（尤指行骗）: * cook up an excuse, a story, a bizarre theory, etc 编造藉口、 故事、 怪论等.

cook1
派生： cook n 1 person who cooks food 厨师; 厨子; 炊事员: employed as a cook in a hotel 受雇为旅馆厨师 * I'm not much of a cook, ie I don't cook well. 我做不好饭菜. * Were you the cook? ie Did you cook this food? 是你做饭吗? Cf 参看 chef. 2 (idm 习语) ,too many ,cooks ,spoil the `broth (saying 谚) if too many people are involved in sth, it will not be done properly 厨子多了做坏了汤（人多反倒误事）: I know they only meant to help, but it was a case of too many `cooks, I'm afraid. 我知道他们一心想帮忙, 可惜人多反而坏了事. cooking n [U] process of preparing food by heating 烹调过程; 烹饪方法: She does all the cooking. 烹饪的事都由她做. * Chinese `cooking 中国式烹饪 * [attrib 作定语] `cooking apples, sherry, etc, ie apples, sherry, etc suitable for cooking rather than eating raw or drinking 烹饪用的苹果、 雪利酒等. 复合： `cookbook n = cookery book (cookery). `cookhouse n detached or outdoor kitchen, eg in a camp 独立的或露天的厨房（如野营时搭盖的厨房）. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: When cooking we generally use 1 boiling water (in a saucepan) or 2 boiling fat/oil (in a frying-pan) or 3 dry heat (in an oven or under a grill). 使用cook一词时, 一般是指用（1）沸水（置於深锅中）或（2）热的动[植]物油（置於煎锅中）或（3）直接加热（置於烤炉中或烤架上）. 1 We boil vegetables, eggs, rice, etc by covering them with water and heating it. 将蔬菜、 鸡蛋、 大米等浸於水中煮叫boil. *We steam fish, puddings, etc by placing the food above boiling water. 将鱼、 布丁等置於沸水上蒸叫steam. *2 Meat, fish, vegetables, etc can be fried in shallow oil or fat. 将肉、 鱼、 蔬菜等放在少许植物油或动物油里煎叫fry. *Chips, chicken pieces, etc can be completely covered by oil and deep-fried. 将土豆条、 鸡块等完全浸入油中炸叫deep-fry. *We saute vegetables very quickly in a small amount of oil. 用少量油将蔬菜很快一炒叫saute. *3 We roast large pieces of meat, potatoes, etc and we bake bread, cakes, etc in the oven. 在烤箱里烘烤大块的肉、 土豆等叫roast, 烘烤面包、 糕饼等叫bake. *Small or flat pieces of meat, fish, etc are grilled (US broiled) by being placed under direct heat. 将小块的或切成片的肉、 鱼等置於发热器下面烘烤叫grill（美式英语叫broil）. *Boil, fry, roast and bake can be used in two types of sentence *boil、 fry、 roast、 bake可用於以下两种句型: We boil potatoes and The potatoes are boiling. Steam, saute and grill are generally only used in the first pattern. *steam、 saute、 grill一般只用於以上第一种句型. With boil we often use the container to refer to its contents 用boil时常以容器借代其所盛之物: The kettle's boiling. 开了.

cooker
[5kukE(r); 5kukl] n 1 kitchen appliance for cooking, consisting of an oven with a hob on top and often also a grill 炉具（包括炉子、 炉子上的搁架, 常带有烤架）: * a `gas cooker 煤气炉 * an e`lectric cooker 电炉. Cf 参看 stove 1. 2 type of fruit, esp an apple, grown for cooking 烹饪用的水果（尤指苹果）: * These apples are good cookers. 这些苹果宜於烹饪. Cf 参看 eating apple (eat).

cookery
[5kukEri; 5kukEri] n [U] art and practice of cooking 烹调技术; 烹饪方法: * [attrib 作定语] a cookery course, school, etc 烹饪课程、 学校等. 复合： `cookery book (also `cookbook) book giving recipes and instructions on cooking 烹饪书; 食谱.

cookie
(also cooky)[5kuki; 5kuki] (pl -kies) n (US) 1 biscuit 饼乾. 2 (infml 口) person 人; 家伙: * He's a tough cookie. 他是个硬汉子. 3 (idm 习语) that's the way the cookie crumbles => way1.

cool
1[ku:l; kul] adj (-er, -est) 1 (a) fairly cold; not hot or warm 凉的; 不热的: * a cool breeze, day, surface 凉爽的微风、 一天、 表面 * cool autumn weather 秋凉天气 * Let's sit in the shade and keep cool. 咱们坐在荫凉处乘乘凉吧. * The coffee's not cool enough to drink. 咖啡还不够凉, 不能喝. (b) giving a (usu pleasant) feeling of being not too warm 凉快的; 凉爽的: * a cool room, dress, etc 凉爽的房间、 连衣裙等 * a cool cotton shirt 凉快的棉布衬衫. (c) (of colours) suggesting coolness （指颜色）给人以凉爽感觉的, 冷色的: * a room painted in cool greens and blues 涂上能给人以凉爽感觉的绿色和蓝色的房间. 2 calm; unexcited 冷静的; 镇定的: * Keep cool! 保持冷静! * She always remains cool, calm and collected in a crisis. 她在危难中总能保持冷静、 平静和镇静. * He has a cool head, ie doesn't get agitated. 他头脑冷静（不易冲动）. 3 ~ (about sth); ~ (towards sb) not showing interest, enthusiasm or friendliness 冷淡的; 冷漠的; 冷冰冰的: * She was decidedly cool about the proposal. 她对这个提议漠然置之. * They gave the Prime Minister a cool reception. 他们很冷淡地接待了这位首相. 4 calmly bold or impudent 满不在乎的; 厚颜无耻的: * You should have seen the cool way she took my radio without even asking. 你没瞧见她那满不在乎的样子, 连问也不问就把我的收音机拿走了. 5 [attrib 作定语] (infml 口) (said esp of sums of money, distances, etc, emphasizing their largeness 附加於钱、 距离等数目之 前以强调其数目之大): * The car cost a cool twenty thousand. 这辆汽车足足两万元. 6 (dated sl 旧, 俚 esp US) pleasant; fine 令人愉快的; 棒的: * Her guy's real cool. 她的男朋友真帅. 7 (idm 习语) (as) ,cool as a `cucumber very calm and controlled, esp in difficult circumstances （尤指在困难情况下）从容不迫的; 泰然自若的. a cool `customer (infml 口) calmly bold or impudent person 行若无事的人; 无耻之徒:

cool1
* She just took out her purse and paid a thousand in cash: * what a cool customer! 她从容地掏出钱夹付了一千镑现金, 多麽豪爽! play it `cool (infml 口) deal calmly with a situation; not get excited 泰然处之. 派生： cool n 1 the cool [sing] cool air or place; coolness 凉爽的空气或地方; 凉快: step out of the sun into the cool 到荫凉处去躲避烈日 * the pleasant cool of the evening 傍晚时的凉爽宜人. 2 (idm 习语) keep/lose one's cool (infml 口) remain calm/get excited, angry, etc 保持冷静[情不自禁、 怒不可遏]等. coolly[5ku:lli; 5kulli] adv in a cool1(3) way 冷淡地; 冷漠地; 冷冰冰地: * He received my suggestion coolly, ie unenthusiastically. 他对待我的建议十分冷淡. coolness n [U] quality of being cool1(3) 冷淡; 冷漠; 冷冰冰: I noticed a certain coolness (ie lack of friendliness) between them. 我察觉到他们彼此有些冷淡. 复合： ,cool-`headed adj calm; not flustered or excitable 头脑冷静的; 不慌不忙的.

coolant
[5ku:lEnt; 5kulEnt] n [C, U] (type of) fluid used for cooling (eg in nuclear reactors) 冷却剂.

cooler
[5ku:lE(r); 5kull] n 1 [C] container in which things are cooled 冷却器: * a wine cooler 冰酒器. 2 the cooler [sing] (sl 俚) prison 牢房: * two years in the cooler 两年监禁.

coolie
[5ku:li; 5kuli] n (dated derog 旧, 讳, 贬) unskilled Asian labourer （亚洲的）苦力.

coon
[ku:n; kun] n 1 (infml 口 esp US) raccoon 浣熊: * [attrib 作定语] a coon-skin cap 浣熊皮的帽子. 2 ( sl derog 讳, 俚, 贬) black person 黑人.

coop
[ku:p; kup] n cage for poultry （家禽的）笼子. 派生： coop v (phr v) coop sb/sth up (in sth) (usu passive 通常用於被动语态) restrict the freedom of sb/sth by keeping him/it inside; confine sb/sth 将某人[某物]关入（...内）以限制其自由; 拘禁某人[某物]: I've been cooped up indoors all day. 我在屋里关了一整天.

cooper
[5ku:pE(r); 5kupl] n maker of barrels 桶匠.

coot
[ku:t; kut] n 1 type of water-bird with a white spot on the forehead 蹼鸡, 白骨顶（额上有白斑的一种水鸟）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page v. 2 (idm 习语) bald as a coot => bald.

cop
1[kCp; kap] n (sl 俚) policeman （男）警察.

copartner
[7kEu'pa:tnE(r); ko'partnl] n partner or associate in a business （企业的）合伙人. 派生： copartnership n 1 [U] system of having copartners in business （企业的）合伙. 2 [C] pair or group of copartners 一对或一群合伙者.

cope
1[kEup; kop] v [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb/sth) manage successfully; be able to deal with sth difficult 对付; （善於）处理（棘手之事）: * cope with problems, difficulties, misfortune, etc 对付问题、 困难、 灾祸等 * Her husband's left her and the kids are running wild, so it's not surprising that she can't cope. 她丈夫离开了她, 孩子们又不听管教, 难怪她束手无策. * There was too much work for our computer to cope with. 我们的计算机要干的工作太多, 简直应接不暇.

copeck
(also kopeck)[5kEupek, 'kCpek; 5kopek] n unit of currency in the former Soviet Union; 100th part of a rouble 戈比（前苏联货币单位, 为一卢布的百分之一）.

Copernican
[kE'pE:nikEn; ko'pEnikEn] adj of Copernicus/ kE5p\:nIkEs; ko`p[nIkEs/ (1473-1543), a Polish astronomer,who was the first to propose the theory that the planets move around the sun 哥白尼的（哥白尼, 1473-1543年, 波兰天文学家, 日心说的创始人）: * the Copernican system 哥白尼体系.

coping
[5kEupiN; 5kopiN] n (architecture 建) top row of bricks or masonry, usu sloping, on a wall （墙上端的）压顶, 盖顶. `coping-stone n (esp Brit) stone used in a coping 压顶石: (fig fml 比喻, 文) The final scene is the coping-stone of the play, ie, the climax, which completes it appropriately. 这个剧的最後一场是压轴戏.

copious
[5kEupiEs; 5kopiEs] adj 1 plentiful; abundant 丰富的; 大量的: * copious flowers, tears, words 许多花、 眼泪、 话 * She supports her theory with copious evidence. 她以大量的例证来充实自己的理论. * I took copious notes. 我作了详细的笔记. 2 (of a writer) writing or having written much; prolific （指作家）多产的: * a copious writer of detective stories 写侦探小说的多产作家. > copiously adv.

copper
1[5kCpE(r); 5kapl] n 1 [U] chemical element, a common reddish-brown metal 铜; 紫铜; 红铜: * the mining of copper in central Africa 中部非洲的铜矿开采业 * Is the pipe copper or lead? 这管子是铜的呢还是铅的? * [attrib 作定语] a copper pipe, wire, alloy, etc 铜管、 丝、 合金等 * her copper-coloured hair 她那红棕色的头发. =>App 10 见附录10. 2 [C] (esp Brit) coin made of copper or a copper alloy 铜币: * It only costs a few coppers, ie is cheap. 这只值几个铜板（很便宜）. 3 [C] (esp Brit) large metal vessel, esp one in which clothes were formerly washed by boiling 大锅（尤指旧时用以煮洗衣物的）. Cf 参看 boiler 3. 复合： ,copper `beech type of beech tree with copper-coloured leaves 紫叶山毛榉. ,copper-`bottomed adj (esp Brit) safe in every way; certain not to fail 绝对安全的; 万无一失的: a copper-bottomed guarantee, assurance, deal, etc 可靠的保证、 绝对的把握、 毫无风险的交易. `copperhead n poisonous snake found in the US 铜头蛇（一种毒蛇, 产於美国）. ,copper`plate n polished copper plate on which designs, etc are engraved 铜凹版（镌刻有图案等的抛光铜板）. ,copperplate `writing, handwriting (also copperplate) neat old-fashioned formal handwriting with looped sloping letters that are joined to each other 铜版体（一种老式手写体, 笔画匀称、 倾斜、 互相连接）.

coppice
[5kCpis; 5kapis] n = copse.

copra
[5kCprE; 5kaprE] n [U] dried coconut, from which oil is extracted to make soap, etc 乾椰子仁（可榨油以制肥皂等）.

copse
[kCps; kaps] (also coppice) n small area of woodland with thick undergrowth and trees 矮林; 萌生林.

Copt
[kCpt; kapt] n 1 member of the Coptic Church 科普特教徒. 2 Egyptian who is descended from the ancient Egyptians 科普特人（古埃及人後裔的埃及人）. 派生： Coptic[5kCptik; 5kaptik] adj of the Copts 科普特教徒的; 科普特人的: * Coptic language, traditions 科普特语、 传统. n [U] language used in the Coptic Church （科普特教会使用的）科普特语. 复合： the ,Coptic `Church the ancient Christian Church of Egypt, now with members in Egypt and Ethiopia 科普特教会（古代埃及建立的基督教会, 现今在埃及和埃塞俄比亚均有教徒）.

copula
[5kCpjulE; 5kapjElE] n (grammar) type of verb that connects a subject with its complement 系词（即连系动词, 用以连结主语及其补语）: * In `George became ill', the verb `became' is a copula. 在Georgebecameill一句中, became是系词.

copulate
[5kCpjuleit; 5kapjE7let] v [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb/sth) (fml 文) (esp of animals) have sexual intercourse （尤指动物）交配, 交尾: * The male bird performs a sort of mating dance before copulating with the female. 这种雄鸟在与雌鸟交尾以前要跳一种交欢舞. 派生： copulation[7kCpju'leiFn; 7kapjE'leFEn] n [U] act of copulating 交配; 交尾. copulative[5kCpjulEtiv; - -leitiv; 5kapjE7letiv] adj (fml 文) having a connecting function 有连系作用的. n (grammar) word that connects (and implies that meanings are added together 系词; 连系词; 连词; 连接词): * `And' is a copulative. and是连词.

copy
1[5kCpi; 5kapi] n 1 [C] thing made to look like another, esp a reproduction of a letter, picture, etc 复制品（尤指信件的复写件、 图片的复印件等）: * Is this the original drawing or is it a copy? 这是原画还是模本? * a perfect copy 以假乱真的仿造物 * Make three carbon copies of the letter. 把这信复制叁份. * Photocopies cost 6p per copy. 影印文件每份收费6便士. 2 [C] individual example of a book, newspaper, record, etc of which many have been made （书、 报纸、 唱片等物品的）一本, 一份, 一张, 一件: * If you can't afford a new copy of the book, perhaps you can find a second-hand one. 这书要是你买不起新的, 你或许能找到一本旧的. * You receive the top copy of the receipt, and we keep the carbon. 你把这收据上面的原件收下, 我们保留下面的复写件. 3 [U] material that is to be printed 原稿: * The journalist has handed in her copy. 这个女记者交了稿. * The government crisis will make good copy, ie will make an interesting or exciting newspaper story. 政府的危机将成为新闻报道的好题材. * We can give you the text on computer disk, or as hard copy, ie as writing or printing on paper. 我们可以给你一份计算机磁盘的文本, 也可以给你一份硬拷贝（手抄本或打印本）. 复合： `copy-cat n (infml derog 口, 贬 ) person who always imitates others 一味模仿他人者. `copy desk (US) desk in a newspaper office where copy1(3) is edited and prepared for printing （报社的）编辑办公桌. `copy-typist n typist who types out written material （书面材料的）打字员. `copy-writer n person who writes advertising or publicity copy1(3) 广告或宣传文字的撰稿人.

copyright
[5kCpirait; 5kapi7rait] n [U, C] ~ (on sth) exclusive legal right, held for a certain number of years, to print, publish, sell, broadcast, perform, film or record an original work or any part of it 版权: * Copyright expires 50 years after the death of the author. 版权在作者死後50年即行终止. * The poem is still under copyright, so you have to pay to quote it. 该诗仍然享有版权, 因此你必须支付引用费. * sued for breach of copyright/for infringing copyright 因侵犯版权被控告 * Who owns the copyright on this song? 谁享有这首歌的版权? 派生： copyright v [Tn] obtain copyright for (a book, etc) 获得（书等）的版权. copyright adj protected by copyright 受版权保护的: This material is copyright. 本资料享有版权.

coquetry
[5kCkitri; 5kokitri] n (fml 文) (a) [U] flirting 调情; 卖俏. (b) [C] instance of this; flirtatious act 调情; 卖弄风情.

coquette
[kC'ket; ko'ket] n (fml often derog 文, 常作贬义) girl or woman who flirts 卖弄风情的女子. 派生： coquettish/kC'ketiF; ko'ketiF] adj of or like a coquette 卖弄风情的; 卖俏似的: * a coquettish smile, manner 卖弄风情的微笑、 样子. coquettishly adv.

cor anglais
[7kC:r 'CNglei; -- C:N'glei; 7kCr CN'gle] (pl cors anglais) (music 音) woodwind instrument similar to the oboe, but larger and playing lower notes 英国管（一种类似双簧管而形状较大、 音调较低的木管乐器）.

coracle
[5kCrEkl; 5karEkl] n small light boat made of wickerwork and covered with watertight materials, used by fishermen on Welsh and Irish rivers and lakes （威尔士及爱尔兰渔民用的）轻便小船（用枝条编成, 覆以防水材料）.

coral
[5kCrEl; - 'kC:rEl; 5kCrEl] n 1 [U] red, pink or white hard substance formed on the sea bed from the skeletons of tiny animals known as polyps 珊瑚: * a necklace made of coral 珊瑚项链. 2 [C] coral-producing animal; polyp 珊瑚虫; 水螅. 派生： coral adj like coral in colour; pink or red 珊瑚色的; 粉的或红的: coral lipstick 粉红色的口红. 复合： ,coral `island island formed by the growth of coral 珊瑚岛. ,coral `reef reef formed by the growth of coral 珊瑚礁.

corbel
[5kC:bl; 5kCrbl] n (architecture 建) stone or timber projection from a wall to support sth (eg an arch) 梁托; 翅托; 托臂.

cord
[kC:d; kCrd] n 1 [C, U] (piece of) long thin flexible material made of twisted strands, thicker than string and thinner than rope （细）绳: * parcels tied with cord 用绳子捆扎的包裹. 2 [C] part of the body like a cord in being long, thin and flexible 身体上细长柔韧有如绳子的部分: * the spinal cord 脊髓 * the vocal cords 声带. 3 [C, U] (esp US) = flex. 4 (infml 口) (a) [U] corduroy 灯芯绒: * [attrib 作定语] cord trousers, skirts, etc 灯芯绒的裤子、 裙子等. (b) cords [pl] corduroy trousers 灯芯绒裤子: * a man wearing blue cords 穿蓝色灯芯绒裤的男子.

cordage
[5kC:didV; 5kCrdidV] n [U] cords, ropes, etc, esp the rigging of a ship 绳索（尤指船缆）.

cordial
1[5kC:diEl; - 'kC:rdVEl; 5kCrdVEl] adj 1 sincere and friendly 诚恳的; 热诚的; 亲切的; 友好的: * a cordial smile, welcome, handshake, etc 热诚的微笑、 欢迎、 握手等. 2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of dislike) strongly felt （指厌恶）深深感到的: * cordial hatred, detestation, loathing 无比的憎恨、 憎恶、 厌恶. 派生： cordiality[7kC:di'AlEti; - 7kC:rdVi-; 7kCrdVi'AlEti] n 1 [U] quality of being cordial1(1) 诚恳; 热诚. 2 cordialities [pl] (fml 文) expressions of cordial1(1) feeling 热情友好的表示: * After the cordialities, we sat down to talk. 我们热情友好地相互致意, 然後坐下来进行会谈. cordially[-diEli; - -dVEli; -dVEli] adv.

cordite
[5kC:dait; 5kCrdait] n [U] smokeless explosive substance used in bullets, shells, bombs, etc 柯达炸药; （柯达）无烟火药.

cordon
[5kC:dn; 5kCrdn] n 1 line or ring of policemen, soldiers, etc, esp one which guards sth or prevents people entering or leaving an area （由警察、 士兵等组成的）警戒线, 防卫圈: * Demonstrators tried to break through the police cordon. 示威群众企图突破警察的封锁线. 2 ornamental ribbon or braid of an order1(10a), usu worn across the shoulder （代表勋位的）饰带或穗带（通常斜挂在肩上）; 绶带. 3 fruit-tree with all its side branches cut off so that it grows as a single stem, usu against a wall or along wires （剪去一切枝桠的）单干果树（通常倚墙或沿金属线生长）. 派生： cordon v (phr v) cordon sth off separate or enclose sth by means of a cordon(1) 以警戒线分隔或包围: Police cordoned off the area until the bomb was defused. 警方封锁了这个区域直至拆除炸弹的引信为止.

cordon bleu
[7kC:dCn 'blE:; kCr'dC'bl] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (French 法) (of a cook, dish, etc) of the highest standard of skill in cooking, esp classical French cooking （指厨师、 菜肴等）第一流手艺的（尤指法国传统烹饪）: * cordon bleu cuisine 第一流名厨所治佳肴.

corduroy
[5kC:dErCi; 5kCrdE7rCi] n 1 [U] strong cotton cloth covered with parallel soft raised ridges made up of short tufts 灯芯绒: * [attrib 作定语] a corduroy jacket 灯芯绒甲克. 2 corduroys [pl] trousers made of this cloth 灯芯绒裤子: * a pair of corduroys 一条灯芯绒裤子. 复合： ,corduroy `road (esp US) road made of tree trunks laid side-by-side across swampy land （将树干并排横铺於湿软之地面而成的）木排路.

core
[kC:(r); kCr] n 1 (usu hard) centre of such fruits as the apple and pear, containing the seeds 果心（如苹果核、 梨核）. 2 (a) central part of a magnet or an induction coil 磁铁心; 线圈心. (b) (geology 地质) central part of the planet earth 地核: * The earth has a core and a mantle around it. 地球的中心是地核, 地核的周围是地幔. (c) (physics 物) central part of a nuclear reactor, where the fuel rods are kept and the nuclear reaction takes place （核反应堆中的）活性区, 反应堆心. (d) (computing 计) very small magnetizable metal ring used formerly in a computer's memory for storing one bit3 of data （存储器的）磁心. (e) inner strand of an electric cable （电缆的）芯线. 3 most important part of sth 核心: * Let's get to the core of the argument. 咱们进入实质性的辩论吧. * This concept is at the very core of her theory. 这个概念是她的理论的核心. * [attrib 作定语] English is a subject on the core curriculum, ie one which all the students have to do. 英语是一门基础课程. 4 (idm 习语) to the `core right to the centre 达到中心: * rotten to the core, ie completely bad 烂透了的 * He is English to the core, ie completely English in manner, speech, dress, etc. 他是地地道道的英国人. * Her refusal shocked us to the core, ie utterly. 她拒绝後我们大吃一惊. 派生： core v [Tn] take out the core of (sth) 去掉（某物）的中心部分: core an apple 挖去苹果的果心.

corgi
[5kC:gi; 5kCrgi] n breed of small Welsh dog 柯吉犬（一种小狗, 产於威尔士）.

coriander
[7kCri5AndE(r); - 7kC:r-; 7kCri5Andl] n [U] plant whose leaves and dried seeds are used in cooking, to give a special taste 芫荽; 香菜.

Corinthian
[kE'rinWiEn; kE'rinWiEn] adj 1 of Corinth/ 5kCrInW; `kRrInW/ in (ancient) Greece （古）希腊科林斯的. 2 (architecture 建) of the most highly decorated of the five classical orders (order1 13) of Greek architecture, incorporating carvings of leaves 科林斯式的（希腊建 五种古典柱式中最华丽者, 其特徵为饰有叶形的雕花）: * a Corinthian column 科林斯圆柱. Cf 参看 Doric, Ionic. 派生： Corinthian n native of Corinth 科林斯人.

cork
[kC:k; kCrk] n 1 [U] light springy buoyant substance that is the thick bark of a type of oak tree growing around the Mediterranean 栓皮; 软木: * Cork is often used for insulation. 栓皮经常用作绝缘材料. * [attrib 作定语] cork tiles, table mats, etc 软木砖、 桌垫等. 2 [C] bottle-stopper made of this 软木瓶塞: * draw/pull out the cork 拔出软木塞. =>illus at bottle 见bottle之插图. 派生： cork v 1 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) close or seal (a bottle, barrel, etc) with a cork or sth similar 用软木塞等物封堵（瓶、 桶等）: cork a bottle 塞住瓶子. 2 (phr v) cork sth up (infml 口) not express (feelings, etc) 抑制（感情等）: Don't cork it all up: if you feel angry, show it. 别什麽都闷在心里, 你有气就发泄出来. corked adj (of wine) made bad by a decayed cork （指酒）有腐坏的软木塞异味的. 复合： `corkscrew n device for pulling corks from bottles 瓶塞钻（拔软木瓶塞用的）.

corkage
[5kC:kidV; 5kCrkidV] n [U] charge made by a restaurant for opening wine a customer has bought elsewhere 开瓶费（饭店对顾客自备的酒收取的）.

corm
[kC:m; kCrm] n (botany 植) underground reproductivepart of certain plants (eg crocus and gladiolus), similar in appearance to a bulb(1), from which the new stalk grows each year 球茎. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page ii.

cormorant
[5kC:mErEnt; 5kCrmErEnt] n large, long-necked, dark-coloured bird which lives near sea coasts and eats fish 鸬策. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page v.

corn
1[kC:n; kCrn] n 1 [U] (a) (esp Brit) (seed of) any of various grain plants, chiefly wheat, oats, rye and maize; such plants while growing 谷物: * grinding corn to make flour 把谷物磨成粉 * a field of corn 一片庄稼 * a `corn-field 庄稼地 * a sheaf of corn 一捆谷物. (b) (esp US) maize 玉蜀黍; 玉米. =>illus 见插图. 2 [U] (infml derog 口, 贬) music, verse, drama, etc that is banal, sentimental or hackneyed 平庸、 感伤或陈腐的音乐、 诗歌、 戏剧等: * a romantic ballad that is pure corn 极为感伤的浪漫小曲. 派生： corny[5kC:ni; 5kCrni] adj (-ier, -iest) (infml derog 口, 贬) (a) too often heard or repeated; hackneyed 老生常谈的; 陈腐的: * a corny joke 老掉牙的笑话. (b) banal; sentimental 平庸乏味的; 多愁善感的: * a corny song 伤感的歌曲. 复合： `corn-cob n hard cylindrical part at the top of a maize stalk, on which the grains grow 玉米穗轴. =>illus 见插图. `corn-exchange n place where corn is bought and sold 谷物市场. `cornflakes n [pl] breakfast cereal made of maize that has been crushed and heated to make it crisp 玉米片（一种早餐食品）. `cornflour (US `cornstarch) n [U] finely ground flour made esp from maize or rice 谷物磨成的粉; （尤指）玉米面, 米粉. `cornflower n any of various plants growing wild in corn-fields, esp a blue-flowered kind that is also grown in gardens 矢车菊. the `Corn Laws (history 史) set of British laws, repealed in 1846, which restricted import of corn to keep prices high 谷物法（英国法令, 旨在限制谷物进口以维持高价, 於1846年废除）. ,corn on the `cob maize cooked with all the grains still attached to the stalk （熟的）玉米棒子. `corn pone (US also pone)[pEun; pon] baked or fried maize bread （烤的或煎的）玉米面包. `cornstarch n [U] (US) = cornflour.

cornea
[5kC:niE; 5kCrniE] n (anatomy 解) transparent outer covering of the eye, which protects the pupil and iris 角膜. =>illus at eye 见eye之插图. 派生： corneal[5kC:niEl; 5kCrniEl] adj of the cornea 角膜的: * a corneal graft 角膜移植片.

corned
[kC:nd; kCrnd] adj (of meat) preserved in salt （指肉）腌制的: * corned beef/pork 咸的牛肉[猪肉].

cornelian
[kC:'ni:liEn; kCr'niljEn] n semi-precious stone of a reddish, reddish-brown or white colour 光玉髓（次等宝石, 呈红色、 红褐色或白色）.

corner
1[5kC:nE(r); 5kCrnl] n 1 place where two lines, sides, edges or surfaces meet; angle enclosed by two walls, sides, etc that meet 角儿; 角落: * A square has four corners; a cube has eight. 正方形有四个角儿; 立方体有八个角儿. * standing at a street corner 站在街角儿上 * the shop on/at the corner 位於街角儿的商店 * In the corner of the room stood a big old chair. 屋角儿放着一把旧的大椅子. * The address is in the top right-hand corner of the letter. 地址在这封信的右上角儿. * When I turned the corner (of the street) he had disappeared. 我拐过街角儿时他已经不见了. * He hit his knee on the corner of the table. 他的膝盖撞在桌子角儿上了. * [attrib 作定语] the corner shop, ie on the corner of two streets 街角儿处的商店. 2 (a) hidden, secret or remote place 隐蔽的、 秘密的或偏僻的处所: * money hidden in odd corners 藏在秘密地方的钱. (b) region; part; area 区域; 部分; 地区: * She lives in a quiet corner of Yorkshire. 她住在约克郡的一个僻静的地区. 3 difficult or awkward situation 困境; 窘况: * Having lied that I still had the money, I was in rather a corner when they asked me to hand it over. 因我谎称钱仍在我处, 所以他们要我交出时, 我很尴尬. * She'll need luck to get out of a tight corner like that. 她要靠运气才能摆脱那样的困境. * The interviewer had driven her into a corner. 面试主持人把她追问得很窘. 4 (usu sing 通常作单数) ~ (in sth) (commerce 商) complete ownership or control of supplies of sth, enabling one to decide its price 囤积; 垄断: * a company with a corner in tin ore, wheat, etc 垄断锡矿石、 小麦等市场的一家公司. 5 (also `corner-kick) (in soccer) kick from the corner of the field, given to a team when an opposing player kicks the ball over his own goal-line （英式足球）角球. 6 (in boxing and wrestling 拳击或摔跤运动中) (a) any of the four corners of the ring （拳击场及摔跤场的）场角:

corner1
* In the blue corner, Buster Smith. 蓝方, 巴斯特．史密斯. (b) [CGp] group of people (eg trainers) who help a fighter during intervals in the match （比赛休息时向场上队员提供帮助的）辅助人员（如教练员）: * His corner advised him to retire. 教练员建议他退场. =>illus at boxing 见boxing之插图. 7 (idm 习语) cut `corners (a) drive round corners in a wide curve rather than at a sharp angle （驾驶时）拐小弯而不拐大弯. (b) do sth in the easiest and quickest way, often by ignoring rules, being careless, etc （做事）走捷径, 图省事（常为忽视规则、 粗心大意等）: * We've had to cut a few corners to get your visa ready in time. 我们得简化手续才能将你的签证及时办妥. cut (off) a `corner (esp Brit) go across the corner of sth, not properly around it 不绕角儿走而取捷径斜穿: * The lawn is damaged here because people cut (off) the corner. 由於人们不绕角儿走而抄近道, 这里的草坪已踩坏了. the four corners of the earth the most distance parts of the the earth 世界各个角落; 天涯海角: * Former students of this school are now working in the four corners of the earth. 该校的校友现在世界各地工作. out of the corner of one's eye by looking sharply sideways 瞟; 睨视: * I caught sight of her out of the corner of my eye. 我用眼一瞟, 看见了她. (just) round the `corner very near 很近: * Her house is (just) round the corner. 她家离此不远. * Good times are just round the corner, ie will soon happen. 好日子近在眼前. turn the `corner pass a critical point in an illness, a period of difficulty, etc and begin to improve （疾病、 困难时期等）渡过危险期, 渡过难关. 派生： -`cornered (in compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) 1 with the specified number of corners 有某数量边角的: a ,three-cornered `hat. 2 with the specified number of participants 有某数量参与者的: The election was a three-cornered fight between Conservatives, Labour and SLD. 这次选举是保守党、 工党以及社会民主党叁方的较量.

corner2
复合： `corner-stone n 1 stone that forms the base of a corner of a building, often laid in position at a ceremony 奠基石. 2 (fig 比喻) thing on which sth is built; foundation 基础: Hard work was the corner-stone of his success. 努力奋斗是他成功的基础.

cornet
[5kC:nit; 5kCrnit] n 1 brass instrument, like a trumpet but smaller, typically played in brass bands 短号. 2 (Brit) cone-shaped container for ice-cream, made of thin crisp biscuit （盛冰激凌的）圆锥形蛋卷.

cornice
[5kC:nis; 5kCrnis] n (architecture 建) 1 ornamental moulding, eg in plaster, round the walls of a room, just below the ceiling 檐口（墙顶上带装饰的突出体, 如用灰泥制的）. =>illus at column 见column之插图. 2 horizontal strip of carved wood or stone along the top of an outside wall （沿外墙的雕木或石刻的）飞檐. 3 overhanging mass of snow or rock on the side of a mountain 雪檐（冻结在悬崖边缘的悬垂的冰雪块; （向外突出的）悬崖.

Cornish
[5kC:niF; 5kCrniF] adj of Cornwall （英国）康沃尔郡的. 复合： ,Cornish `pasty small pie consisting of pastry filled with meat and vegetables 康沃尔馅饼（以肉和菜为馅做成的小点心）.

cornucopia
[7kC:nju'kEupiE; 7kCrnjE'kopiE] n 1 (also horn of `plenty) ornamental animal's horn shown in art as overflowing with flowers, fruit and corn, symbolizing abundance 丰饶角（艺术作品中象徵丰饶的羊角, 角内呈现满溢的鲜花、 水果及谷物）. 2 (fml fig 文, 比喻) abundant source 富饶之源; 宝藏: * The book is a cornucopia of information. 书是知识的宝库.

corolla
[kE'rClE; kE'ralE] n (botany 植) ring of petals forming the cup of a flower 花冠.

corollary
[kE'rClEri; - 'kCrEleri; 5kCrE7leri] n ~ (of/to sth) (fml 文) natural consequence or result; thing that logically must be so, once sth else has been established 自然的结果; 推断: * Neither of them knew about it, and the corollary of that is that someone else revealed the secret. 他们两人并不知道这回事, 因此一定是另外有人泄露了秘密.

corona
[kE'rEunE; kE'ronE] n (pl ~s[-nEz; -nEz] ~e[-ni:; -ni/) (also aureola, aureole, halo) (astronomy 天) ring of light seen round the sun or moon, eg during an eclipse 日冕; 日华; 月华.

coronary
[5kCrEnri; - 'kC:rEneri; 5kCrE7neri] adj (anatomy 解) of the arteries supplying blood to the heart 冠状动脉的: * coronary arteries 冠状动脉. 复合： ,coronary throm`bosis (also infml 口语亦作 coronary) blocking of a coronary artery by a clot of blood, damaging the heart and possibly causing death; heart attack 冠状动脉血栓; 心脏病发作.

coronation
[7kCrE'neiFn; - 7kC:r-; 7kCrE'neFEn] n ceremony of crowning a king, a queen or some other sovereign ruler 加冕礼: * the coronation of Elizabeth II 伊丽莎白二世的加冕礼 * [attrib 作定语] the coronation day, robes, coach 加冕日、 袍、 马车等.

coroner
[5kCrEnE(r); - 'kC:r-; 5kCrEnl] n official who investigates any violent or suspicious death 验 官; 死因裁判官. 复合： ,coroner's `inquest proceedings held by a coroner, at which evidence about a death is presented and a jury gives a verdict on its cause 验 .

coronet
[5kCrEnet; - 'kC:r-; 5kCrEnit] n 1 small crown worn by a peer or peeress （贵族戴的）小冠冕. 2 garland of flowers worn on the head （带在头上的）花环.

Corp
abbr 缩写 = 1 (also Cpl) Corporal: Corp (Simon) Grey （西蒙．）格雷下士. 2 (US) corporation: West Coast Motor Corp 西海岸汽车公司.

corporal
1[5kC:pErEl; 5kCrpErEl] adj (fml 文) of the human body 人体的. 复合： ,corporal `punishment physical punishment, eg by whipping, beating 体罚（如鞭打）.

corporate
[5kC:pErEt; 5kCrpErit] adj 1 of or shared by all the members of a group; collective 团体的; 共同的: * corporate responsibility, action, etc 共同的责任、 行动等. 2 of or belonging to a corporation(2a, b) 法人团体的; 公司的: * corporate planning policy, etc 公司的计划、 方针等 * Corporate executives usually have high salaries. 公司里的管理人员一般享有高薪. 3 united in a single group 结成一个团体的: * a corporate body 团体.

corporation
[7kC:pE'reiFn; 7kCrpE'reFEn] n 1 [CGp] (esp Brit) group of people elected to govern a town; council 市政当局: * the Lord Mayor and Corporation of the City of London 伦敦市长及市政当局 * the municipal corporation 市行政机关 * [attrib 作定语] corporation services, transport, refuse collection, etc 市政机关管理的部门、 运输、 垃圾收集服务等. 2 [CGp] (abbr 缩写 corp) (a) group of people authorized to act as an individual, eg for business purposes 法人团体（如贸易公司）: * Broadcasting authorities are often public corporations. 广播事业管理机构一般为公营公司. (b) (esp US) business company 公司: * large multinational corporations 大跨国公司. 3 [C] (joc 谑 esp Brit) large fat stomach 大肚皮. 复合： ,corpo`ration tax tax paid by business companies on profits 公司税.

corporeal
[kC:'pC:riEl; kCr'pCriEl] adj (fml 文) 1 of or for the body; bodily 肉体的; 身体的; 身体所需的: * corporeal needs, eg food and drink 维持生命的必需品; 身体的需要（如食物和饮料）. 2 material, rather than spiritual 物质的（与精神的相对）: * He is very religious; corporeal world has little interest for him. 他虔信宗教,对物质上的享受不感兴趣.

corpse
[kC:ps; kCrps] n dead body (esp of a human being) 体（尤指人的）. Cf 参看 carcass.

corpulent
[5kC:pjulEnt; 5kCrpjElEnt] adj (fml esp euph 文, 尤作委婉语) (of a person or his body) fat （指人或人的身体）肥胖的. > corpulence[5kC:pjulEns; 5kCrpjElEns] n [U].

corpus
[5kC:pEs; 5kCrpEs] n (pl corpora[5kC:pErE; 5kCr-pErE] ) collection of written (or sometimes spoken) texts （书面的, 有时为口语的）资料, 文集, 汇编: * analyse a corpus of spoken dialect 分析口语方言的汇集资料 * the entire corpus of Milton's works 米尔顿作品的全集.

corpuscle
[5kC:pQsl; 5kCrpQsl] n (anatomy 解) any of the red or white cells in the blood （红或白）血球.

corral
[kE'ra:l; - -'rAl; kE'rAl] n (esp US) 1 enclosure for horses, cattle, etc on a ranch or farm （牧场或农场上关马、 牛等的）畜栏. 2 defensive circle of wagons, etc; laager （形成防御圈的）车阵. 派生： corral v (-ll-) 1 [Tn] drive (cattle, etc) into or shut up in a corral 把（牛等）赶入或关进畜栏. 2 [Tn] form (wagons, etc) into a corral 把（车辆等）布成车阵.

correct
1[kE'rekt; kE'rekt] adj 1 true; right; accurate 正确的; 对的; 准确的: * the correct answer 正确的答案 * Do you have the correct time? 你的表准吗? * The description is correct in every detail. 每个细节的叙述都很准确. * Would I be correct in thinking that you are Jenkins? ie Are you Jenkins? 我想你就是詹金斯吧? * `Are you Jenkins?’ `That's correct.’ ‘你是詹金斯吗?’‘是的.’ 2 (of behaviour, manners, dress, etc) in accordance with accepted standards or convention; proper （指行为、 礼貌、 衣着等）符合公认标准的, 得体的: * Such casual dress would not be correct for a formal occasion. 这样的便服不宜在正式的场合穿. * a very correct young lady 举止很得体的年轻女士. > correctly adv: * answer correctly 正确地回答 * behave very correctly 举止十分得体. correctness n [U].

correction
[kE'rekFn; kE'rekFEn] n 1 [U] correcting 改正; 修改; 批改; 校正: * the correction of exam papers 试卷的批改. 2 [C] right mark, etc put in place of sth wrong 错误之处的批改记号: * a written exercise with corrections in red ink 用红笔批改过的书面作业. 3 [U] (fml 文) punishment 惩治: * the correction of young delinquents 失足少年的改造 * (arch 古) a house of correction, ie prison 感化院（监狱）.

corrective
[kE'rektiv; kE'rektiv] adj having the effect of correcting sth 有改正作用的; 矫正的: * corrective training, eg for young offenders 管教（如对失足少年） * corrective surgery for a deformed leg 医治腿部畸形的矫正外科. 派生： corrective n ~ (to sth) thing that produces an opposing view which is more accurate, fairer, etc 纠正错误看法之物: These artefacts are correctives to the usual view of these people as completely uncivilized. 通常认为这些人完全没有开化, 这些工艺品改变了人们的这种看法.

correlate
[5kCrEleit; - 'kC:r-; 5kCrE7let] v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (with sth); ~ A and/with B have a mutual relation or connection, esp of affecting or depending on each other; (try to) show such a relation or connection between sth and sth else 相关或相互关联; （尤指）相互影响或相互依存; （试图）显示某事物与他事物的上述关系或联系: * The results of this experiment do not correlate with the results of earlier ones. 这次试验的结果与以往试验的结果毫不相干. * Researchers cannot correlate the two sets of figures. 研究者们看不出这两组数字有什麽联系. * We can often correlate age with frequency of illness. 年龄的大小往往与发病率有关. 派生： correlation[7kCrE'leiFn; - 7kC:r-; 7kCrE'leFEn] n [sing, U] ~ (with sth); ~ (between A and B) mutual relationship 相互的关系: * the correlation between sb's height and weight 身高与体重之间的关系. correlative/kC'relEtiv; kE'relEtiv] adj having or showing a relation to sth else 相关的; 显示相互关系的: * `Either' and `or' are correlative conjunctions. either和or是关联连词.

correspond
[7kCri5spCnd; - 7kC:r-; 7kCrE'spand] v [I, Ipr] 1 ~ (with sth) be in agreement; not contradict sth or each other 相一致; 相符合: * Your account of events corresponds with hers. 你说的情况跟她说的相符. * Your account and hers correspond. 你的说法跟她的说法一致. * The written record of our conversation doesn't correspond with (ie is different from) what was actually said. 对我们交谈所作的文字记录与我们的原话不符. * Does the name on the envelope correspond with the name on the letter inside? 信封上的名字与里面信上的名字是否相同? 2 ~ (to sth) be equivalent or similar 相当的; 相似的: * The American Congress corresponds to the British Parliament. 美国的国会相当於英国的议会. 3 ~ (with sb) exchange letters 通信: * We've corresponded (with each other) (ie written to each other) for years but I've never actually met him. 我们已（互相）通信多年了, 可是我从未见过他本人. 派生： corresponding adj that corresponds 相符的; 相当的; 通信的: Imports in the first three months have increased by 10 per cent compared with the corresponding period last year. 第一季度的进口额与去年同期相比增长了百分之十. correspondingly adv: The new exam is longer and correspondingly more difficult to pass. 新的考试需时较长, 因而相应地较难及格.

correspondence
[7kCri5spCndEns; - 7kC:r-; 7kCrE'spandEns] n 1 [C, U] ~ (with sth/between sth and sth) agreement; similarity 一致; 相似: a close/not much correspondence between the two accounts 两种叙述接近[不太]一致. 2 [U] ~ (with sb) letter-writing; letters 通信; 信件: She has a lot of correspondence to deal with. 她有大批信件需要处理. * I refused to enter into any correspondence (ie exchange letters) with him about it. 我决不就这一问题与他通信. * Is commercial correspondence taught at the school? 学校里是否教授商业函件? 复合： corre`spondence course course of study using books, exercises, etc sent by post 函授课程.

correspondent
[7kCri5spCndEnt; - 7kC:r-; 7kCrE'spandEnt] n 1 person who contributes news or comments regularly to a newspaper, radio station, etc, esp from abroad （报刊、 广播电台等的）通讯员, 记者（尤指派驻国外的）: * our Hong Kong, Middle East, etc correspondent 我们派驻香港、 中东的通讯员 * a foreign, war, cricket correspondent, ie sb gathering news in a foreign country, in a war, about cricket 国外、 战地、 板球比赛通讯记者. 2 person who writes letters to another 通信者: * He's a good/poor correspondent, ie writes regularly/seldom. 他是个勤於[懒於]写信的人.

corridor
[5kCridC:(r); - 'kC:r-; 5kCrEdl'] n 1 long narrow passage, from which doors open into rooms or compartments 过道; 走廊. 2 long narrow strip of land belonging to one country that passes through the land of another country 一国领土穿越他国境内的狭长地带. 3 (idm 习语) the corridors of `power the higher levels of the Government and administration, where important decisions are made 权力走廊（政府及行政部门进行重要决策的较高阶层）: * an issue much discussed in the corridors of power 在领导核心中进行了充分讨论的问题. 复合： `corridor train train with coaches which have compartments opening into a corridor 包厢列车.

corrigendum
[7kCri5dVendEm; - 7kC:r-; 7kCri5dVendEm] n (pl -da[-dE; -dE] ) corrected error, esp one of a list printed at the beginning of a book 已改正的错误; （尤指书前的）勘误表. Cf 参看 erratum.

corroborate
[kE'rCbEreit; kE'rabE7ret] v [Tn] confirm or give support to (a statement, belief, theory, etc) 证实, 支持（某种说法、 信仰、 理论等）: * Experiments have corroborated her predictions. 实验证实了她的预言. 派生： corroboration/kE7rCbE'reiFn; kE7rabE'reFEn] n [U] confirmation or support by further evidence, esp from a different source; additional evidence 进一步的证实（尤指另有来源的）; 进一步的证据: * His possession of the gun is corroboration of his guilt. 他藏有枪是他犯罪的又一证据. * In corroboration of his story (ie to give support to it) he produced a signed statement from his employer. 为了进一步证明他所说的是事实, 他出示了一份雇主签了字的文件. corroborative/kE'rCbErEtiv; - -reitiv; kE'rabE7retiv] adj tending to corroborate 确证（性）的: * corroborative reports, evidence, etc 可以进一步说明问题的报告、 证据等.

corrode
[kE'rEud; kE'rod] v [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (away) be destroyed or destroy (sth) slowly, esp by chemical action 腐蚀, 侵蚀（某物）（尤指化学作用）: * The metal has corroded (away) because of rust. 该金属已锈蚀. * Acid has corroded the iron (away). 酸把铁腐蚀了. * (fig 比喻) a bitter envy that had corroded their friendship 使他们的友谊遭到损害的强烈的忌妒. 派生： corrosion/kE'rEuVn; kE'roVEn] n [U] corroding or being corroded; corroded area or part 腐蚀; 受腐蚀的部位: * Clean off any corrosion before applying the paint. 先除去所有的锈迹再上油漆.

corrosive
[kE'rEusiv; kE'rosiv] n, adj (substance) that corrodes 腐蚀性的（物质）: * Rust and acids are corrosive. 锈及酸类都是腐蚀性物质.

corrugate
[5kCrEgeit; - 'kC:r-; 5kCrE7get] v [I, Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] be shaped or shape (sth) into folds, wrinkles or furrows （使某物）起皱褶, 起皱纹, 起波纹: * His brow corrugated with the effort of thinking. 他皱着眉头用心地思考. * muddy roads corrugated (ie rutted and furrowed) by cart-wheels 被大车压出了一道道辙印的泥泞的道路. 派生： corrugated[5kCrEgeitid; 5kCrE7getid] adj folded, wrinkled or furrowed 起皱褶的; 起皱纹的; 起波纹的: * corrugated cardboard, ie used for packing fragile goods 瓦楞纸板 * a corrugated roof, ie made of corrugated iron 瓦楞铁的屋顶. =>illus 见插图. corrugation[7kCrE'geiFn; - 7kC:r-; 7kCrE'geFEn] n fold; wrinkle 皱褶; 皱纹. 复合： ,corrugated `iron sheet iron pressed into curving folds, used for roofs, fences, etc 波纹铁; 瓦楞铁.

corrupt
1[kE'rQpt; kE'rQpt] adj 1 (a) immoral, esp sexually 不道德的; 堕落的; （尤指）有伤风化的: * corrupt morals, behaviour, etc 腐败的风气、 行为等 * a thoroughly corrupt novel which young people should not be allowed to read 应该不准年轻人阅读的极其伤风败俗的小说. (b) dishonest, esp through accepting bribes 不诚实的; 营私舞弊的; （尤指）贪污受贿的: * corrupt officials who won't issue permits unless you bribe them 不行贿就不给办理许可证的贪官污吏 * corrupt practices, eg the offering and accepting of bribes 舞弊行为（如行贿受贿）. 2 (of languages, texts, etc) containing errors or changes （指语言、 文本等）有错误的, 有改动的: * a corrupt manuscript 有错误的文稿. 3 (arch 古) impure 不纯的: * corrupt air/blood 不洁的空气[血液]. > corruptly adv. corruptness n [U].

corruption
[kE'rQpFn; kE'rQpFEn] n [U] 1 corrupting or being corrupted 堕落; 腐化; 腐败; 败坏; 贿赂: * officials who are open to corruption, ie can be bribed 可以买通的官员 * claiming that sex and violence on TV led to the corruption of young people 断言电视中所宣扬的色情和暴力会诱使年轻人堕落. 2 (fml 文) decay 腐烂: * the corruption of the body after death 体的腐烂.

corsage
[kC:'sa:V; kCr'saV] n small bouquet of flowers worn on the upper part of a woman's dress （女服上身佩带的）小花束.

corsair
[5kC:seE(r); 5kCrser] n (history 史) pirate or pirate ship attacking ships of European countries, esp off the coast of N Africa 海盗（船）（尤指活动於北非沿岸以欧洲国家之船只为攻击目标的）.

corselet
(also corslet)[5kC:slit; 5kCrslit] n suit of armour, esp one covering the back, chest and stomach only 护身铠甲（尤指专门用以防护背部、 胸部及腹部的）.

corset
[5kC:sit; 5kCrsit] n close-fitting undergarment worn to shape the body, or support it in case of injury （为衬托身体曲线而穿的）紧身内衣; （为支撑受到损伤的身体而穿的）紧身胸衣.

cortege
(also cortege)[kC:'teiV; kCr'teV] n [CGp] (French 法) solemn procession, esp for a funeral 庄严肃穆的队伍（尤指送葬行列）.

cortex
[5kC:teks; 5kCrteks] n (pl cortices[5kC:tisi:z;'kCrti7siz] ) 1 (medical 医) outer layer of the brain or other organ （脑或其他器官的）皮层, 皮: * the cerebral cortex 大脑皮层 * the renal cortex, ie the outer layer of the kidney 肾皮层（肾的表层）. 2 outer layer of a plant, eg the bark of a tree 植物的表层（如树皮）. 派生： cortical[5kC:tikl; 5kCrtikl] adj of the cortex 皮层的; 表层的.

cortisone
[5kC:tizEun; 5kCrti7son] n [U] (propr 专利名) hormone from the adrenal gland, often made synthetically, used medically in the treatment of arthritis and some allergies 可的松.

corundum
[kE'rQndEm; kE'rQndEm] n [U] hard crystallized mineral used chiefly in abrasives, or in powder form for polishing 刚玉; 刚石; 金刚砂.

coruscate
[5kCrEskeit; - 'kC:r-; 5kCrEs7ket] v [I] (fml 文) flash; sparkle 闪耀; 闪烁: * (fig 比喻) coruscating wit/humour 焕发的才智[绝妙的幽默]. > coruscation/ 9kCrE5skeIFn; US 9kR:r-; 9kRrEs`keFEn/ n [C, U].

corvette
[kC:'vet; kCr'vet] n 1 small fast warship designed for escorting merchant ships （为商船护航的）轻型护卫舰. 2 (formerly) warship with sails and a single row of guns （旧时）木帆炮舰（设有单排炮位）.

cos
1[kCs; kas] n [C, U] (also ,cos `lettuce) (type of) long-leaved lettuce （一种）长叶莴苣.

cosec
[5kEusek; 5kosik] abbr 缩写 = cosecant.

cosecant
[7kEu'si:kEnt; ko'sikEnt] n (abbr 缩写 cosec) (mathematics 数) in a right-angled triangle, the ratio of the length of the hypotenuse to that of the opposite side 馀割.

coset
[5kEuset; 5koset] n (mathematics 数) set that can be added to an existing set to produce a more inclusive larger set 傍系; 陪集.

cosh
[kCF; kaF] n (esp Brit) length of lead pipe, rubber tubing filled with metal, etc, used for hitting people 短棍, 铅管, 内充金属的橡皮管等（用以打人）. 派生： cosh v [Tn] (esp Brit) hit (sb) with a cosh 用短棍打（某人）: The train robbers coshed the guard. 抢劫列车的匪徒用短棍袭击列车长.

cosine
[5kEusain; 5kosain] n (abbr 缩写 cos) (mathematics 数) in a right-angled triangle, the ratio of the length of a side adjacent to one of the acute angles to the length of the hypotenuse 馀弦. Cf 参看 sine, tangent 2.

cosmetic
[kCz'metik; kaz'metik] n (usu pl 通常作复数) substance for putting on the body, esp the face, to make it beautiful 化妆品（尤指用於面部的）: * Lipstick and hair conditioner are cosmetics. 口红和护发素都是化妆品. 派生： cosmetic adj 1 used as a cosmetic 化妆用的; 美容的: cosmetic preparations 梳妆打扮. 2 (usu derog 通常作贬义) intended to improve only the appearance of sth 装点门面的: The reforms he claims to have made are in fact merely cosmetic. 他自称已经实行的改革实际上只不过是摆摆样子罢了. cosmetically[-kli; -kli] adv. cosmetician[7kCzmE'tiFn; 7kazmE'tiFEn] n person who sells cosmetics or advises on their use 化妆品经销商; 美容师. 复合： cos,metic `surgery surgery performed to restore or improve one's outward appearance (rather than restore health) 整容外科.

cosmic
[5kCzmik; 5kazmik] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of the whole universe or cosmos 宇宙的: * Physics is governed by cosmic laws. 物理学受宇宙法则的制约. * (fig 比喻) a disaster of cosmic proportions, ie very great 天大的灾难. 复合： ,cosmic `dust fine particles of matter that gather into clouds in outer space 宇宙尘. ,cosmic `rays radiation that reaches the earth from outer space 宇宙射线.

cosmogony
[kCz'mCgEni; kaz'magEni] (also cosmology)n theory of the origin and development of the universe 天体演化学.

cosmology
[kCz'mClEdVi; kaz'malEdVi] n 1 [U] scientific study of the universe and its origin and development 宇宙学. 2 [C] = cosmogony. > cosmologist[-'mClEdVist; -'malEdVist] n.

cosmonaut
[5kCzmEnC:t; 5kazmE7nCt] n Russian astronaut （俄罗斯的）宇航员, 太空人.

cosmopolitan
[7kCzmE'pClitEn; 7kazmE'palEtn] adj 1 (a) containing people from all over the world 世界性的; 有各国人的: * a cosmopolitan city, club etc 国际的都市、 俱乐部等 * the cosmopolitan gatherings at the United Nations Assembly 联合国大会的各种世界性集会. (b) (botany or zoology 植或动) occurring in most parts of the world 遍布世界各地的: * a cosmopolitan plant 遍生於世界各地的植物. 2 (approv 褒) (free from national prejudice because of) having wide experience of the world 无民族偏见的; 四海一家的: * a cosmopolitan person, outlook etc 四海为家的人、 观念等. 派生： cosmopolitan n cosmopolitan(2) person 四海为家者; 世界主义者.

cosmos
[5kCzmCs; 5kazmEs] the cosmos n [sing] the universe, ie all space, seen as a well-ordered system 宇宙.

cosset
[5kCsit; 5kasit] v [Tn] (derog 贬) protect (sb/sth) too carefully; pamper 宠爱, 溺爱, 纵容（某人[某事物]）: * industry cosseted by tariffs on foreign imports 由於向外国货徵收进口税而得天独厚的产业.

cost
1[kCst; - kC:st; kCst] v (pt, pp cost) (with the n phrase indicating price, etc often preceded by an indirect object 在表示代价等的名词词组前常加间接宾语) 1 [In/pr] (not usu in the continuous tenses 通常不用於进行时态) be obtainable at the price of; require the payment of 价钱为; 需花费: * These chairs cost 40 each. 这些椅子每把价钱为40英镑. * How much/What does it cost? 这东西值多少钱? * It costs too much. 这东西价钱太贵. * The meal cost us 30. 这顿饭花了我们30英镑. * It costs (them) 1000 a year to run a car. 使用一辆汽车每年（他们）要花1000英镑. 2 [In/pr] (fig 比喻) (not usu in the continuous tenses 通常不用於进行时态) (a) result in the loss of (sth) 使付出（代价）; 使丧失（某事物）: * Dangerous driving could cost you your life. 开车不注意安全有生命危险. * The scandal cost her her career, ie resulted in her having to resign, being dismissed, etc. 这件丑事毁了她的前程. (b) require a certain effort or sacrifice 需做出某种努力或牺牲: * Her irresponsible behaviour cost her father many sleepless nights. 她那不负责任的行为使她父亲许多夜不得安眠. * Compiling a dictionary costs much time and patience. 编纂词典要用很多的时间, 要有极大的耐心. 3 [Tn] (pt, pp ~ed) (commerce 商) estimate the price to be charged for (an article or a service), based on the expense of producing or performing it 估价; 定价; 估计成本; 按成本作价: * Has this project been costed? 这项工程估价了吗? 4 [Tn] (infml 口) be expensive for (sb) 对（某人）来说代价高昂: * You can have the de luxe model if you like, but it'll cost you. 你愿意的话, 可以买高级的, 不过得花很多钱. 5 (idm 习语) charge/cost/pay sb the earth => earth. cost sb `dear cause sb to suffer loss or injury 使某人付出沉重的代价: * That mistake cost him dear: * he lost the game because of it. 那个差错使他付出了沉重的代价:

cost1
* 他因而输了这一局. costermonger /// [5kCstEmQNgE(r); 5kastl7mQNgl] n (dated 旧 Brit) person who sells fruit, vegetables, etc from a barrow in the street （推小车沿街叫卖水果、 蔬菜等的）小贩.

costly
[5kCstli; - 'kC:st-; 5kCstli] adj (-ier, -iest) costing much; expensive 费钱的; 昂贵的: * It would be too costly to repair the car. 修理这辆汽车要花很多钱. * a costly mistake, ie one involving great loss 造成重大损失的错误. > costliness n [U].

costume
[5kCstju:m; - -tu:m; 5kastum] n 1 [C, U] garment or style of dress, esp of a particular period or group or for a particular activity 服装, 服装式样（尤指用於某时期、 某团体或某活动的）: * People wore historical costumes for the parade. 人们穿着古装参加游行. * The actor came on in full costume, ie wearing all his stage clothes. 那个男演员身穿全套戏装登场. * Scotsmen in Highland costume, ie wearing kilts, etc 身穿高地服装的苏格兰男子 * skiing costume 滑雪服 * [attrib 作定语] a `costume piece/play/drama, ie one in which the actors wear historical costume 古装剧. 2 [C] (dated 旧) woman's suit (ie a skirt and short coat of the same material) 女套装（面料相同的裙子和西服短上衣）. 派生： costumier/kC'stju:miE(r); - -'stu:-; kas'tumil] n person who makes, deals in, or hires out costumes, esp for theatrical performances 服装制作人经销商或出租商（尤指戏装）: * a theatrical costumier 舞台服装制作人. 复合： `costume jewellery jewellery made with artificial gems 人造珠宝饰物.

cosy
(US cozy)[5kEuzi; 5kozi] adj (-ier, -iest) (approv 褒) 1 (warm and) comfortable （暖和而）舒适的: * a cosy room, chair, feeling 舒适的房间、 椅子、 感觉 * a nice cosy little house 美妙舒适的房子 * I felt all cosy tucked up in bed. 我钻进被窝里, 暖暖和和舒服极了. * (fig derog 比喻, 贬) He's had it too cosy in that job; we ought to keep a stricter check on him. 他那工作太轻松了, 我们应当经常对他进行严格的检查. 2 intimate and friendly 亲切友好的: * a cosy chat by the fireside 在炉边的亲切闲谈. 派生： cosily adv: sitting cosily in my armchair 舒舒服服地坐在单座沙发上. cosiness n [U]. cosy n cover to keep a teapot or boiled egg hot （茶壶、 煮熟的蛋的）保温罩.

cot
[kCt; kat] n 1 (Brit) (US crib) bed for a young child, usu with sides to prevent the child falling out 幼儿床（通常设有栏杆）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xvi. 2 (US) simple narrow bed, eg a camp-bed, or a bunk bed on a ship 简易床（如行军床或船上的铺位）. 复合： `cot-death n [C, U] sudden unexplained death of a sleeping baby 婴儿猝死.

cotangent
[kEu'tAndVEnt; ko'tAndVEnt] n (abbr 缩写 cot) (mathematics 数) tangent of the complement of a given angle 馀切.

cote
[kEut; kot] n (in compounds 用以构成复合词) shed, shelter or enclosure for domestic animals or birds （家畜或家禽的）棚, 圈, 栏: * a `dove-cote * a `sheep-cote.

coterie
[5kEutEri; 5kotEri] n [CGp] (often derog 常作贬义) small group of people with shared activities, interests, tastes, etc, esp one that tends to be exclusive （由有共同的活动、 兴趣、 爱好等人组成的）小圈子, （尤指排外的）小集团: * a literary coterie 一帮文人.

coterminous
[7kEu'tE:minEs; ko'tEmEnEs] adj [usu pred 通常作表语] ~ (with sth) (fml 文) having a shared boundary 有共同边界; 毗邻.

cottage
[5kCtidV; 5katidV] n small simple house, esp in the country 简陋的小屋; （尤指）村舍: * farm labourers' cottages 农场雇工的小屋. 派生： cottager[5kCtidVE(r); 5katidVl] n person who lives in a cottage 住农舍者; 村民. 复合： ,cottage `cheese type of soft white cheese made from skimmed milk 农家乳酪（一种脱脂的白色软乾酪）. ,cottage `hospital (Brit) small hospital in the country 乡间诊疗所. ,cottage `industry business that can be carried on at home, esp skilled manual work such as knitting, pottery, some kinds of weaving, etc 家庭手工业（如针织、 制陶、 某些编织等）. ,cottage `loaf (Brit) loaf consisting of a large round mass of bread with a smaller one on top 农家面包（大小两个圆面包相叠的）. ,cottage `pie = shepherd's pie (shepherd).

cotter
pin

cotton
1[5kCtn; 5katn] n [U] 1 (a) soft white fibrous substance round the seeds of a tropical plant, used for making thread, cloth, etc 棉花: * bales of cotton 大包小包的棉花. (b) this plant when growing 棉树; 棉株: * [attrib 作定语] working in the cotton fields 在棉田里干活. 2 (a) thread spun from cotton yarn 棉线: * a needle and cotton 针和线. (b) cloth made from this 棉布: * [attrib 作定语] a cotton dress 棉布连衣裙. 复合： ,cotton `candy (US) = candy-floss (candy). ,cotton seed `oil oil obtained from cotton seed 棉籽油. `cottontail n type of small N American rabbit 棉尾兔（产於北美洲的小兔）. ,cotton `wool soft fluffy absorbent material, originally made from raw cotton, used for bandaging, cleaning, padding, etc 脱脂棉: (fig 比喻) You shouldn't wrap your children in cotton wool, ie protect them too much from the world. 你不该对孩子娇生惯养.

cotyledon
[7kCti'li:dn; 7katl'idn] n (botany 植) first leaf growing from a seed 子叶.

couch
grass

couchant
[5kautFEnt; 5kautFEnt] adj (usu directly after a n 通常直接用於名词之後 ) (heraldry 纹 ) (of an animal on a coat of arms) lying with the body resting on the legs and the head raised （指纹章上的动物）昂首蹲伏的: * a lion couchant 昂首蹲伏的狮子像. Cf 参看 rampant 3.

couchette
[ku:'Fet; ku'Fet] n (French 法 ) bed in a railway carriage which can be folded down to make the back of a seat during the day （列车的）坐卧两用铺位（可摺叠成靠背椅）.

cougar
[5ku:gE(r); 5kugl] n (esp US) = puma.

cough
[kCf; - kC:f; kCf] v 1 [I] send out air from the lungs violently and noisily, esp to clear one's throat or when one has a cold, etc 咳嗽: * She was coughing (away) all night. 她咳了一整夜. * (fig 比喻) The engine coughed and spluttered into life, ie started noisily. 这发动机起动时喀喀作响. 2 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) get sth out of the throat or lungs by coughing 咳出某物: * He'd been coughing up blood. 他那时一直在咳血. 3 (phr v) cough (sth) up (Brit infml 口) say or produce sth reluctantly 勉强说出某话; 不情愿地提供某物: * He owes us money, but he won't cough (it) up. 他欠我们钱, 却不愿还帐. * Come on, cough up: * who did it? 好了, 说出来, 是谁干的? 派生： cough n 1 [C] act or sound of coughing 咳嗽; 咳嗽声: She gave a quiet cough to attract my attention. 她轻轻地咳了一声好引起我注意. 2 [sing] illness, infection, etc that causes a person to cough often 咳嗽: have a bad cough 咳嗽得很厉害 * [attrib 作定语] `cough medicine, mixture, etc, ie taken to relieve a cough 止咳的药、 合剂等.

could
1[kEd; kEd; strong form 强读式 kud; kud] modal v (neg 否定式 could not, contracted form 缩约式 couldn't[5kudnt; 5kudnt] ) 1 (indicating permission 表示允准): * Could I use your phone? 让我用一下你的电话好吗? * Could I borrow your bicycle? 我可以借一下你的自行车吗? * Could I come round next week? 我下星期来拜访好吗? =>Usage 1 at may1 见may11项. 2 (indicating requests 表示请求): * Could you baby-sit for us on Friday? 星期五你替我们照看小孩行吗? * Could you type one more letter before you go? 你临走以前再打一封信行吗? * Do you think I could have a cigarette? 我可以吸支香烟吗? 3 (indicating result 表示结果): * I'm so unhappy I could weep. 我难过得要哭. * What's for dinner? I could eat a horse. 吃什麽饭? 我饿得要命. 4 (indicating possibility 表示可能性): * You could be right, I suppose. 我想可能是你对. * My wife's in hospital our baby could arrive at any time. 我妻子住进了医院--我们的小宝宝随时都可能出生. * Don't worry they could have just forgotten to phone. 别担心--他们很可能只是忘了打电话. * Somebody must have opened the cage the lion couldn't have escaped on its own. 一定是有人打开了笼子--因为狮子是不可能自己跑出来的. * You could at least have sent a card, ie It was possible but you didn't do it. 你本来至少可以寄张明信片来吧. =>Usage 2 at may1 见may12项. 5 (indicating suggestions 表示建议): * We could write a letter to the headmaster. 我们不妨给校长写封信. * You could always try his home number. 实在不行的话, 你还可以试一试他家的电话号码. =>Usage 3 at shall 见shall所附用法第3项.

coulter
(US colter)[5kEultE(r); 5koltl] n metal blade fixed vertically in front of a ploughshare, to cut the soil before it is lifted and turned by the share 犁刀.

council
[5kaunsl; 5kaunsl] n [CGp] 1 group of people elected to manage affairs in a city, county, etc 会议; 政务会; 议会: * a city/county council 市[郡]议会 * The local council is/are in charge of repairing roads. 地方议会负责维修道路. * [attrib 作定语] council services, elections 议会的部门、 选举. 2 group of people appointed or elected to give advice, make rules, manage affairs, etc （顾问、 立法、 管理等）委员会: * A council of elders governs the tribe. 有个叫长老会的组织治理这个部落. * In Britain, the Design Council gives awards for good industrial design. 在英国, 设计委员会给优秀的工业产品设计颁奖. * a council of war, ie a meeting of leaders, military commanders, etc to discuss tactics 军事会议. 复合： `council-chamber n large room in which a council meets 会议室. `council estate (Brit) housing estate (housing 1) built by a city, county, etc 市、 郡等的统建住房. `council flat, `council house (Brit) flat/house built or provided by a city, county, etc 市、 郡等统建或提供的公寓[房屋].

councillor
(US also councilor)[5kaunsElE(r); 5kaun-sll] n member of a council （市、 郡等的）政务会委员; 议员: * Councillor Jones 琼斯议员.

counsel
1[5kaunsl; 5kaunsl] n 1 [U] (fml 文) advice; suggestions 劝告; 建议: * Listen to the counsel of your elders. 听从长辈的劝告吧. * wise counsel 高明的建议. 2 [C] (pl unchanged 复数不变) barrister conducting a law case 讼务律师: * counsel for the defence/prosecution 被告[原告]的律师 * The court heard counsel for both sides. 法庭听取了双方律师的陈述. Cf 参看 King's Counsel (king). 3 (idm 习语) a counsel of per`fection advice that is very good but is difficult or impossible to follow 难以照办的好建议. hold/take counsel with sb (fml 文) consult sb 与某人商量. keep one's own `counsel keep one's opinions, plans, etc secret 将自己的意见、 计划等保密. take `counsel together (fml 文) consult each other 共同商量.

counsellor
(US also counselor)[5kaunsElE(r);'kaunsll] n 1 adviser 顾问: * a wise counsellor in time of need 困难时的好参谋 * a marriage guidance counsellor 婚姻问题顾问. 2 (US or Irish 用於美国或爱尔兰) lawyer 律师.

count
1[kaunt; kaunt] v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (from sth) (to sth) say or name numbers in order 数; 计数: * He can't count yet. 他还不会数数. * count from 1 to 20 从1数到20 * I can count (up) to 100. 我能数到100. 2 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) calculate the total of sth 算某物的总数: * Don't forget to count your change. 别忘了数一数你的零钱. * Have the votes been counted up yet? 选票算好了没有? 3 [Tn] include (sb/sth) in a calculation 把（某人[某物]）计算在内: * fifty people, not counting the children 五十人, 儿童除外. 4 (a) [I, Ipr] ~ (for sth) be of value or importance 有价值; 有重要性: * Her opinion counts because of her experience. 因为她有经验, 所以她的意见很重要. * Knowledge without common sense counts for little. 光有学问而无常识, 则这种学问无甚价值. * We've only a few bullets left, so make each one count, ie use it effectively. 我们只剩几颗子弹了, 因此要弹不虚发. (b) [I, Ipr] ~ (as sth) be accepted or valid 认可; 有效: * You didn't shut your eyes before you made the wish, so it doesn't count! 你祈求实现愿望时没闭上眼睛, 所以不算数! * A few lines of rhyming doggerel don't count as poetry. 几行押韵的蹩脚诗算不上是诗. 5 [Cn.a, Cn.n, Cn.n/a] ~ sb/sth (as) sb/sth consider sb/sth to be sb/sth 认为（某事物或某人）...: * I count myself lucky to have a job. 我有工作实在很幸运. * I count him a good judge of character. 我认为他很会判断别人品性的好坏. * We count her as one of our oldest friends. 我们把她看作交情最久的一个朋友. 6 (idm 习语) count one's `blessings be grateful for what one has 知足: * Don't complain! Count your blessings! 别怨天尤人了! 你应该知足! count one's `chickens (before they are `hatched) be too confident that sth will be successful 小鸡还没孵出, 先计算鸡数; 打如意算盘. count the cost (of sth) suffer the consequences of a careless or foolish action 因粗心或做了蠢事而吃苦头; 自作自受: The town is now counting the cost of its failure to provide adequate flood protection. 该镇未采取适当的防洪措施, 现在吃到了苦头.

count1
7 (phr v) count against sb; count sth against sb be considered/consider sth to be to the disadvantage of sb 认为（某事物）对某人不利: Your criminal record could count against you in finding a job. 你有前科对你找工作很不利. * He is young and inexperienced, but please do not count that against him. 他年轻又无经验, 但请不要因此而小看他. count among sb/sth; count sb/sth among sb/sth be regarded/regard sb/sth as one of the stated group 视某人[某事物]为某集体的一员: She counts among the most gifted of the current generation of composers. 她算是当代最有才华的一位作曲家. * I no longer count him among my friends. 我不再把他当作朋友. count down signal the approach of a moment (eg for launching a space vehicle) by counting seconds backwards, eg 10, 9, 8, 7... 倒数计秒（如10、 9、 8、 7...）. count sb/sth in include sb/sth 把某人[某事物]算在内: See how many plates we have, but don't count in the cracked ones. 看看我们有多少个盘子, 但不要算有裂纹的. * If you're all going to the party, you can count me in, ie I will come with you. 要是你们全都去参加聚会, 就可以把我也算上. count on sb/sth rely on sb/sth with confidence 依靠、 依赖、 信赖或指望某人[某事物]: count on sb's help/on sb to help 依靠某人的帮助 * Don't count on a salary increase this year, ie You may not get one. 别指望今年会加薪. count sb/sth out (a) count (things) one by one, esp slowly （慢慢地）逐个数东西: The old lady counted out thirty pence and gave it to the shop assistant. 老太婆一个个地数出叁十便士给了售货员. (b) count up to ten over (a boxer who has been knocked down), signifying his defeat 对被击倒的拳击者数到十後判其失败: The referee counted him out in the first round. 裁判判定他在第一回合被击败. (c) (infml 口) not include sb/sth 不包括某人[某事物]: If it's going to be a rowdy party, you can count me out, ie I shall certainly not attend. 要是弄成了吵吵闹闹的聚会, 我可不参加. count towards sth be included as a qualification for sth （按照获得某事物的条件）被包括在内: These payments will count towards your pension. 你付的这些款项将来算在你的养老金里. count up to sth reach the specified total; add up to sth 达到某总数; 共计: These small contributions soon count up to a sizeable amount. 这些捐款很快就集少成多, 总数相当可观.

count2
派生： countable adj that can be counted 可数的. `countable noun = count noun (count2). 复合： `counting-house n (dated 旧) building or room where accounts are kept, eg in a bank 会计室; 帐房. `countdown n ~ (to sth) (a) [C] counting seconds backwards to zero before firing a rocket, etc 倒数秒. (b) [sing] (fig 比喻) period immediately before sth important happens 大事临近的时期: the countdown to the local election 地方选举日益临近的时候.

countenance
1[5kauntEnEns; 5kauntEnEns] n (fml 文) 1 [C] (expression on sb's) face 面孔; 面容; 面部表情: * a woman with a fierce countenance/of fierce countenance 面目凶恶的女子. 2 [U] support; approval 支持; 赞成; 批准: * I would not give/lend countenance to such a plan. 我不赞同这样的计划. 3 (idm 习语) keep one's `countenance (fml 文) maintain one's composure, esp by not laughing 保持沉稳（尤指忍住不笑）. put/stare sb out of `countenance (dated 旧) make sb feel embarrassed or at fault by staring at him 盯得某人发慌或不知所措.

counter
intelligence

counteract
[7kauntE'rAkt; 7kauntl'Akt] v [Tn] act against and reduce the force or effect of (sth) 对抗; 抵消: * counteract (the effects of) a poison, sb's bad influence, etc 消解毒性（的作用）、 清除某人的不良影响 * We must counteract extremism in the party. 我们应该抵制党内的极端主义. 派生： counteraction[7kauntE'rAkFn; 7kauntl'AkFEn] n [U] counteracting 对抗; 抵销; 中和.

counterbalance
[5kauntEbAlEns; 5kauntl7bAlEns] (also counterpoise) n ~ (to sth) weight or force that balances another 平衡重; 平衡块; 平衡锤; 平衡力. 派生： counterbalance[7kauntE'bAlEns; 7kauntl'bAlEns] v [Tn] act as a counterbalance to (sb/sth) 对（某人[某事物]）起平衡作用: * His level-headedness counter-balances her impetuousness. 他头脑冷静, 这可抵销一些她的急躁情绪.

counterblast
[5kauntEbAla:st; - -blAst; 5kauntl-7blAst] n ~ (to sth) powerful reply 有力的反驳: * Her article was a counterblast to her critics. 她的文章有力地回击了那些批评者.

counterclaim
[5kauntEkleim; 5kauntl7klem] n claim made in opposition to another claim 反要求; 反诉: * Amongst all the claims and counterclaims it was hard to say who was telling the truth. 所有这些要求和反要求, 很难说谁说的是实话.

counterfeit
[5kauntEfit; 5kauntl'fit] n, adj (thing) made or done so that it is very similar to another thing, in order to deceive; fake 伪造的; 假冒的; 伪造物; 膺品: * counterfeit money, jewels, etc 假钱币、 珠宝等 * This ten-dollar bill is a counterfeit. 这张十元钞票是伪钞. Cf 参看 forgery (forge2). 派生： counterfeit v [Tn] copy or imitate (coins, handwriting, etc) in order to deceive 伪造, 仿造（钱币等）; 模仿（笔迹等）: a gang of criminals counterfeiting ten-pound notes 伪造十镑假钞票的犯罪集团. Cf 参看 forge2 2. counterfeiter n person who counterfeits money, etc （钱币等的）伪造者, 仿制者. Cf 参看 forger (forge2).

counterfoil
[5kauntEfCil; 5kauntl7fCil] n part of a cheque, ticket, etc which can be detached and kept as a record; stub （支票、 票据等的）存根.

countermand
[7kauntE'ma:nd; - -'mAnd; 7kauntl'mAnd] v [Tn] cancel (a command or an order already given), esp by giving a new and opposite one 撤销, 撤回（成命或订单）（尤指代之以新的、 内容相反的）.

countermeasure
[7kauntEmeVE(r); 5kauntl7meVl] n (often pl 常作复数) course of action taken to remove, prevent, or protect against sth undesirable or dangerous 对策: * countermeasures against a threatened strike 为防止一触即发的罢工而采取的对策.

counterpane
[5kauntEpein; 5kauntl7pen] n (dated 旧) covering for a bed; bedspread 床罩; 床单.

counterpart
[5kauntEpa:t; 5kauntl7part] n person or thing that corresponds to or has the same function as sb or sth else 相对应或具有相同功能的人或物: * The sales director phoned her counterpart in the other firm, ie the other firm's sales director. 销售部的女经理给另一家公司的销售部经理打了电话.

counterplot
[5kauntEplCt; 5kauntl7plat] n plot made to defeat another plot 反计; 对抗策略. 派生： counterplot v (-tt-) [I, Ipr] ~ (against sb/sth) make a counterplot 施反计; 将计就计.

counterpoint
[5kauntEpCint; 5kauntl7pCint] n (music 音) 1 [C] melody added as an accompaniment to another 对位旋律: * (fig 比喻) The dark curtains make an interesting counterpoint to (ie contrast with) the lighter walls. 深色的窗 与浅色的墙壁形成有趣的对比. 2 [U] art or practice of combining melodies according to fixed rules 对位; 对位法.

counterpoise
[5kauntEpCiz; 5kauntl7pCiz] n (fml 文) 1 [C] = counterbalance. 2 [U] state of being in balance; equilibrium 平衡; 均衡: * The two nations' nuclear forces are in perfect counterpoise, ie are equal. 这两国的核力量完全均衡.

countersign
1[5kauntEsain; 5kauntl7sain] v [Tn] sign (a document, etc already signed by another person 副署; 会签): * a cheque countersigned on the back 背书支票.

countersink
[5kauntEsiNk; 5kauntl7siNk] v (pt -sank[-sNk; -9sANk/, pp -sunk[-sQNk; -7sQNk] ) [Tn usu passive通常用於被动语态 ] 1 enlarge the top of (a hole) so that the head of a screw or bolt fits into it level with or below the surrounding surface 钻埋头孔. 2 insert (a screw or bolt) into such an enlarged hole 将（螺钉或螺栓）旋入埋头孔中.

countervailing
[5kauntEveiliN; 5kauntl7veliN] adj [attrib 作定语] (fml 文) compensating 补偿; 弥补; 抵销: * all the disadvantages without any of the countervailing advantages 没有任何好处作为补偿的一切不利情况.

countess
[5kauntis; 5kauntis] n 1 wife or widow of a count or earl 伯爵夫人; 伯爵遗孀. 2 woman with the rank of a count or earl 女伯爵.

countless
[5kauntlis; 5kauntlis] adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] numerous; too many to be counted 无数的; 多得数不清的: * I've told her countless times. 我告诉她无数次了.

countrified
[5kQntrifaid; 5kQntri7faid] adj 1 having typical features of the countryside (eg open fields, trees, etc); rural 有乡村特色的（如旷野、 树林等）; 乡村的: * quite a countrified area 乡野气息十足的地区. 2 (derog 贬) having the unsophisticated ways, views, etc of country people; rustic 具有乡下人土里土气方式、 见解等的; 粗俗的.

country
[5kQntri; 5kQntri] n 1 (a) [C] area of land that forms a politically independent unit; nation; state 国; 国家: * European countries 欧洲各国 * There will be rain in all parts of the country. 全国各地将有雨. (b) the country [sing] the people of a country(1a); the nation as a whole 全国人民; 全民: * The whole country resisted the invaders. 全民抗击侵略者. =>Usage 见所附用法. 2 the country [sing] land away from towns and cities, typically with fields, woods, etc and used for agriculture 乡下; 乡村; 田野: * live in the country 住在乡下 * a day in the country 乡间一日 * We travelled across country, ie across fields, etc or not by a main road. 我们走在田野上. * [attrib 作定语] country roads, life, areas 乡村的道路、 生活、 地区. 3 [U] (often with a preceding adj 常用於形容词之後) area of land (esp with regard to its physical or geographical features) 地区, 区域（尤指带有某种地形或地势的）: * rough, marshy, etc country 崎岖不平的、 多沼泽的...地区 * We passed through miles of wooded country. 我们经过了大片的森林地带. * This is unknown country to me, ie I have not been here before, or (fig 比喻) This is an unfamiliar topic to me. 我以前没到过这里（或作: * 我对这问题一窍不通）. 4 [U] (esp US) country-and-western music 乡村与西部音乐: * [attrib 作定语] a country singer 乡村音乐的歌手 * country music 乡村音乐的乐曲. 5 (idm 习语) a country `cousin (infml esp derog 口, 尤作贬义) person who is not used to town life and ways 乡下人; 乡巴佬. go to the `country (Brit) dissolve Parliament and hold a general election 解散议会举行大选. 复合： ,country-and-`western n [U] (abbr 缩写 C and W) type of music that derives from the folk music of the southern and western US 乡村与西部音乐（源於美国南部及西部地区的一种民间音乐）: [attrib 作定语] a country-and-western singer 乡村与西部音乐的歌手country1 /// `country club club in the country where members take part in outdoor sports, etc 乡村俱乐部（会员可在其中做户外运动等）. ,country `dance (esp Brit) traditional dance in which couples are arranged in two long lines or face inward from four sides 土风舞. ,country-`house n large house in the country surrounded by an estate, typically owned by a rich person 乡间宅第（富人的大宅, 周围为其产业）. ,country `seat = seat1 8. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Country is the most usual and neutral word for a geographical area identified by a name, such as France or China *country是最普通的中性词, 指可藉France或China这样的名称加以识别的地理区域: We passed through four countries on our way to Greece. 我们在前往希腊的途中经过了四个国家. The word state emphasizes the political organization of the area under an independent government, and it can refer to the government itself *state这个词侧重指某一有独立性的政府所治理的地区的政权机构, 亦可指政府本身: the member states of the EEC 欧洲经济共同体成员国 * a one-party state 一党政权 * The State provides free education and health care. 政府实行免费教育和公费医疗制度. A state may also be a constituent part of the larger unit *state亦可能指较大单位的组成部分: There are 13 states in Malaysia. 马来西亚有十叁个州. Nation also indicates a political unit and is more formal than state *nation亦指政治单位, 较state更为庄重: the United Nations 联合国 * the Association of South-East Asian Nations 东南亚国家联盟. In addition, it can suggest a community of people who share a history and language but may not have their own country or state 此外, 这个词还可指某些群体, 虽然有共同的历史和语言, 却可能没有自己的国家或政权: The Jewish nation is scattered around the world. 犹太民族散居於世界各地. Land is more formal or poetic *land较为庄重, 多见於诗中: Exiles long to return to their native land. 流亡者们渴望回到自己的祖国.

countryman
[5kQntrimEn; 5kQntrimEn] n (pl -men[-mEn; -mEn/, fem 阴性作 countrywoman[5kQntriwu-mEn; 5kQntri7wumEn] , pl -women) 1 person living in or born in the same country(1a) as sb else 同国人; 同胞: * a hero much loved by his countrymen 深受同胞爱戴的英雄. 2 person living in or born in the country(2) 乡下人.

countryside
[5kQntrisaid; 5kQntri7said] n (usu 通常作 the countryside) [sing] fields, wooded areas, etc outside towns and cities 郊外; 乡村; 野外: * The English countryside looks at its best in spring. 英国的乡村在春天景色最美. * the preservation of the countryside 郊野地区的保护.

county
[5kaunti; 5kaunti] n 1 administrative division of Britain, the largest unit of local government 郡（英国最大的地方行政区）: * the county of Kent * [attrib 作定语] a county boundary, councillor 郡的边界线、 郡政务委员会委员 * county cricket 郡际板球赛. Cf 参看 province 1, state1 3. 2 (in US and other countries) subdivision of a state （美国及其他国家的）县（州以下的行政区）. 派生： county adj (Brit infml sometimes derog 口, 有时作贬义) having the life-style and habits of English upper-class landowners (eg fond of foxhunting) 有英国大地主生活方式和习惯的（如爱好猎狐）; 有郡中豪绅习气的: She's awfully county. 她十足地主派头. * He belongs to the county set, ie people having this life-style. 他属於郡中豪绅阶层. 复合： ,county `council body elected to govern a county 郡政务委员会; 郡议会. ,county `court (in England) local lawcourt where non-criminal cases are dealt with （英国的）郡法院（负责审理民事案件）. Cf 参看 crown court (crown1). ,county `town (esp Brit), ,county `seat (esp US) main town of a county, the centre of its administration 郡首府; 县城.

coup
[ku:; ku] n (pl ~s/ku:z; kuz] ) 1 surprising and successful action 意外而成功的行动: * She pulled off a great coup in getting the president to agree to an interview. 她竟然办到了让总统同意接受采访. 2 (also French 法语借词 coup d'etat/ku: * dei'ta: * ; 5kude'ta] , pl coups d'etat/ku: * dei'ta: * ; 5kude'ta] ) sudden unconstitutional, often violent, change of government 政变: * The army staged a coup (d'etat). 军方发动了一场政变. * a bloodless coup 不流血的政变. 复合： coup de grace[7ku: dE 'gra:s; - 'grs; kudE'gra:s] (pl coups de grace[7ku: * dE 'gra:s; - -'grs; kudE'gra:s] ) blow that kills a person or an animal, esp for reasons of mercy 致命的一击（尤指为解除垂死时痛苦者）: * (fig 比喻) Poor exam results dealt the coup de grace to (ie ended) his hopes of staying on at university. 他考试成绩不好, 继续念大学的希望一下子破灭了.

coupe
[5ku:pei; ku'pe] n 1 (US coupe/ku:p; kup] ) two-door car with a sloping back （斜背双门的）汽车. 2 closed horse-drawn carriage with an inside seat for two people and an outside seat for the driver 双座轿式马车（内有两人座位, 外有驭者席）.

couple
1[5kQpl; 5kQpl] n 1 two people or things that are seen together or associated, esp a man and woman together 一对, 一双（尤指男女）: * married couples 对对夫妻 * courting couples 对对情侣 * Several couples were on the dance floor. 有几对舞伴在跳舞. * I won't have any more whiskies; I've had a couple already. 我不能再喝威士忌了, 我已经喝了几杯了. 2 (idm 习语) a couple of people/things (a) two people/things 两人; 两件事物: * I saw a couple of men get out. 我看见有两个人出去了. * I'll stay for a couple more hours. 我再多待两个小时. (b) a small number of people/things 几个人; 几件事物: * She jogs a couple of miles every morning. 她每天早上要慢跑几英里. in two/a couple of shakes => shake2.

couplet
[5kQplit; 5kQplit] n two successive lines of verse of equal length 相连的两行长度相同的诗句; 对句: * a rhyming couplet 押韵的对句.

coupon
[5ku:pCn; 5kupan] n 1 small, usu detachable, piece of paper that gives the holder the right to do or receive sth (eg goods in exchange) 证明持有人有做某事或获得某物之权利的票据（通常可撕下）: * petrol coupons 汽油配给券 * 10p off if you use this coupon 凭此券可优惠10便士. 2 printed form, often cut out from a newspaper, etc, used to enter a competition, order goods, etc （通常剪自报刊等的）参赛表, 订货单等: * fill in a football coupon, ie for a football pool competition 填写足球比赛的彩票（赌足球比赛的输赢）.

courage
[5kQridV; 5kEidV] n 1 [U] ability to control fear when facing danger, pain, etc; bravery 勇气; 胆量: * He showed great courage in battle. 他在战斗中表现得十分勇敢. * She didn't have the courage to refuse. 她没有勇气拒绝. * I plucked up/summoned up my courage (ie controlled my fear) and asked her to marry me. 我鼓起勇气向她求婚. 2 (idm 习语) Dutch courage => Dutch. have/lack the courage of one's con`victions be/not be brave enough to do what one feels to be right 有[没有]勇气做自己认为对的事. lose courage => lose. pluck up courage => pluck. screw up one's courage => screw. take one's ,courage in both `hands make oneself do sth which one is afraid of 鼓起勇气做事. 派生： courageous/kE'reidVEs; kE'redVEs] adj brave; fearless 勇敢的; 无畏的: * It was courageous of her to opposeher boss. 她真有胆量, 竟敢对抗上司. courageously adv.

courgette
[kC:'Vet; kur'Vet] n (Brit) (US zucchini) small green marrow(2) eaten as a vegetable 小胡瓜. =>illus at MARROW 见MARROW之插图.

courier
[5kuriE(r); 5kuril] n 1 person employed to guide and assist a group of tourists 旅游团的服务员; 导游. 2 messenger carrying news or important papers （传递消息或重要文件的）信使, 通讯员.

course
1[kC:s; kors] n 1 [sing] forward movement in time （时间的）进程, 过程: * In the course of (ie During) my long life I've known many changes. 我在漫长的一生中饱经沧桑. * the course of history 历史的进程 * I didn't sleep once during the entire course of the journey. 我在整个旅程中没有睡过一次觉. 2 [C] (a) direction or route followed by a ship or an aircraft or by a river, boundary line, etc （船只或飞行器的）航向, 航线; （河流、 界线等的）走向, 所经之路: * The plane was on/off course, ie following/not following the right course. 飞机航向正确[偏离航向]. * The course of the ship was due north. 这条船的航行方向是正北. * The captain set a course for (ie towards) New York. 船长定好航向驶向纽约. * the course of the River Thames 泰晤士河的河道 * (arch 古) the stars in their courses, ie the way they appear to move 在轨道中运行的星球 * (fig 比喻) The course of the argument suddenly changed, ie It turned to a different subject. 辩论的方向突然变了（转到了别的论题上）. (b) way of acting or proceeding 行动的途径; 做法: * What courses are open to us? 我们可以采取什麽办法? * The Government's present course will only lead to disaster. 政府的现行方针後患无穷. * The wisest course would be to ignore it. 上上策是不予理睬. 3 [C] (a) ~ (in/on sth) (education 教) series of lessons, lectures, etc （成系列的）课题、 讲座等: * a French, a chemistry, an art course 法语的、 化学的、 艺术的课程 * an elementary course in maths 初级数学课程 * taking a refresher course to improve my driving 参加补习训练以提高自己的驾驶技术. (b) ~ (of sth) (medical 医) series (of treatments, pills, etc) （治病、 服药等）疗程: * prescribe a course of injections, X-ray treatment, etc 开一个注射X射线等疗程的处方. 4 [C] (a) area for playing golf （高尔夫球）球场: * a `golf-course 高尔夫球场. =>illus at Egolf 见golf之插图.

course1
(b) stretch of land or water for races 跑道; 赛船水道: * a `race-course, ie for horse-races 赛马跑道 * a five-mile rowing course 五英里长赛艇水道. 5 [C] any of the separate parts of a meal, eg soup, dessert 一道菜（如汤、 点心）: * a five-course dinner 有五道菜的正餐 * The main course was a vegetable stew. 主菜是炖蔬菜. 6 [C] continuous layer of brick, rock, etc in a wall （砌成墙壁的砖、 石等的）层: * a damp(-proof) course 防潮层. 7 (idm 习语) a course of action activity planned to achieve sth; procedure followed to get sth done 行动步骤; 办事程序: * What is the best course of action we can take? 我们采取什麽办法最好? be par for the course => par1. in course of sth undergoing the specified process 在...的过程中: * a house in course of construction, ie being built 建造中的房屋. in the course of sth during sth 在...期间: * in the course of our conversation, ie while we were talking 在我们谈话时. in (the) course of `time when (enough) time has passed; eventually 总有一天; 最终: * Be patient: * you will be promoted in the course of time. 别着急, 你总有一天会获得提升的. in due course => due1. in the ordinary, normal, etc course of events, things, etc as things usually happen; normally 在一般情况下; 通常: * In the ordinary course of events, I visit her once a week. 在一般情况下, 我每周去看她一次. a matter of course => matter1. a middle course => middle. of course naturally; certainly 自然; 当然: * `Do you study hard?’ `Of course I do.’ ‘你很用功吗?’‘当然用功.’ * `Did she take it?’ `Of course not.’ ‘她拿走了吗?’‘当然没拿.’ * That was 40 years ago, but of course you wouldn't remember it. 那是40年以前的事, 你自然想不起来了. run/take its `course develop as is usual; proceed to the usual end 听其自然发展; 按常规进行: * We can't cure the disease; it must run its course. 我们治不了这种疾病, 只好听其自然.

course2
* The decision cannot be reversed; the law must take its course, ie the punishment must be carried out. 判决是不能更改的, 有法必依. stay the course => stay.

court
1[kC:t; kCrt] n 1 (a) [C, U] place where trials or other law cases are held 法庭; 法院: * a `court-room 法庭 * a `magistrate's court 地方法院 * a crown `court （英格兰及威尔士的）地方刑事法院 * a court of assize, a court of quarter-sessions, ie courts in England and Wales before 1971 巡回法庭、 季审法院（1971年以前英格兰及威尔士的法院） * a (military or naval) court of inquiry, ie one that deals with cases of indiscipline, etc （陆军或海军的）调查法庭（负责审理违纪等案件） * The prisoner was brought to court for trial. 囚犯被提到法庭受审. * She had to appear in court to give evidence. 她须出庭作证. * [attrib 作定语] a court usher, reporter 法院传达员、 书记员 * The case was settled out of court, ie was settled without the need for it to be tried in court. 此案已在庭外和解. * an out-of-court settlement 庭外和解. (b) the court [sing] people present in a court-room, esp those who administer justice 出庭人员; （尤指）审判人员: * The court rose (ie stood up) as the judge entered. 法官出庭时全体到庭人员起立. * Please tell the court all you know. 请把你所知道的一切告诉本庭审判人员. Cf 参看 lawcourt (law). 2 (often 常作 Court) (a) [C, U] official residence of a sovereign 宫廷; 朝廷: * the Court of St James, ie the court of the British sovereign 英国宫廷 * She had been received at all the courts of Europe. 她曾获欧洲各君主召见. * be presented at court, ie make one's first official appearance at the sovereign's court 初次觐见君主 * [attrib 作定语] the court jester 宫廷中的小丑. (b) the court [sing] (institution consisting of the) sovereign and all his or her advisers, officials, family, etc 宫廷; 朝廷: * The court moves to the country in the summer. 夏天王室上下都移居到乡下去. 3 [C] (sport 体) indoor or outdoor space marked out for tennis or similar ball games （网球等的室内或室外）球场:

court martial
[7kC:t'ma:Fl; 5kCrt'marFEl] n (pl courts martial) court for trying offences against military law; trial by such a court 军事法庭; 军法审判: * He faced a court martial for disobeying orders. 他因不服从命令受到军法审判. 派生： court-martial v (-ll-; US -l-) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth) try sb in such a court 以军法审判某人: be court-martialled for neglect of duty 因玩忽职守受到军法审判.

court1
* a `tennis/`squash court 网球[壁球]场 * Do you prefer grass or hard courts? 你喜欢草地球场还是硬地球场? * Players must behave well on court. 比赛者应该遵守场上规则. =>illus at tennis 见tennis之插图. 4 (also `courtyard) [C] unroofed space partially or completely enclosed by walls or buildings, eg in a castle or an old inn; the buildings around such a space 庭院, 院子, 天井（如城堡或古时客栈中的）; 庭院周围的建 物. 5 (idm 习语) the ball is in sb's/one's court => ball1. go to court (over sth) apply to have a case heard and decided by a court of law 起诉; 打官司. hold `court entertain visitors, admirers, etc 接待来访者、 敬慕者等: * The film star held court in the hotel lobby. 这位电影明星在旅馆的大厅里接见了影迷. laugh sb/sth out of court => laugh. pay court to sb => pay2. put sth out of `court make sth not worthy of consideration 使某事物不被重视: * The sheer cost of the scheme puts it right out of court. 这一方案所需费用庞大, 不值得考虑. take sb to `court make a charge against sb, to be settled in court; prosecute sb 起诉某人; 控告某人: * I took her to court for repayment of the debt. 我为索取债务而起诉她. 复合： `court-card n (also face-card) playing-card that is a king, queen or jack 头像牌（纸牌中的K、 Q或J）. `court-house n (a) building containing courts of law 法院（指建 物）. (b) (US) administrative offices of a county 县政府. ,court of `law = lawcourt (law). ,court `order legal order made by a judge in court, telling sb to do or not do sth 法院指令.

courteous
[5kE:tiEs; 5kEtiEs] adj having or showing good manners; polite 彬彬有礼的; 客气的. > courteously adv.

courtesan
[7kC:ti'zAn; - 'kC:tizn; 5kCrtEzn] n (formerly) prostitute with wealthy or aristocratic clients （旧时）（伺候富豪或贵族的）高等娼妓.

courtesy
[5kE:tEsi; 5kEtEsi] n 1 [U] courteous behaviour; good manners 礼貌; 客气: * They didn't even have the courtesy to apologize. 他们也不道个歉, 真没有礼貌. * It would only have been common courtesy to say thank you. 说声谢谢不过是普通的礼貌. 2 [C] courteous remark or act 客气话; 礼貌的举止: * Do me the courtesy of listening (ie Please listen) to what I have to say. 请听我说几句话. 3 (idm 习语) (by) courtesy of sb by the permission, kindness or favour of sb 承蒙某人允许; 蒙某人的好意: * This programme comes by courtesy of (ie is sponsored or paid for by) a local company. 本节目由本地的一家公司提供（赞助或出资）. 复合： `courtesy title (Brit) title conventionally given to sb (eg the son or daughter of a lord) but with no legal validity 礼貌性的尊称（无法律效力的习惯称谓, 如对勋爵子女的尊称）.

courtier
[5kC:tiE(r); 5kCrtil] n companion or assistant of a sovereign at court 侍臣; 廷臣: * the King and his courtiers 国王及其朝臣.

courtly
[5kC:tli; 5kCrtli] adj (-ier, -iest) polite and dignified 谦和而有威严的: * the old gentleman's countly manners 这位老先生谦和而有威严的样子. > courtliness n [U].

courtship
[5kC:t-Fip; 5kCrtFip] n 1 [U] courting (court2 1). 2 [C] period during which this lasts 求爱期; 追求期: * They married after a brief courtship. 他们恋爱不久就结婚了.

courtyard
[5kC:tja:d; 5kCrt7jard] n = court1 4.

cousin
[5kQzn; 5kQzn] n 1 (also first cousin) child of one's uncle or aunt 堂[表]兄弟姐妹: * She is my cousin. 她是我的表姐. * We are cousins, ie children of each other's aunts/uncles. 我们是表亲. Cf 参看 second cousin (second1). => App 8 见附录8. 2 (idm 习语) a country cousin => country. 派生： cousinly adj of or suitable for cousins 堂[表]兄弟姐妹的; 合於堂[表]亲戚关系的: cousinly affection 堂[表]兄弟姐妹之间的亲情.

couture
[ku:'tuE(r); ku'tur] n [U] (French 法) = haute couture: * [attrib 作定语] couture clothes/dresses 女式时装. 派生： couturier/ku:'tuEriei; ku'turil] n person who designs and makes high-fashion clothes for women 女式时装设计师或裁缝.

cove
1[kEuv; kov] n small bay2 小海湾; 小湾. =>illus at coast 见coast之插图.

coven
[5kQvn; 5kQvEn] n meeting or group of witches 巫婆的聚会; 女巫团.

covenant
[5kQvEnEnt; 5kQvEnEnt] n 1 (law 律) formal agreement that is legally binding （有法律约束力的）协议, 盟约, 公约. 2 formal promise to pay money regularly to a charity, trust(5), etc （向慈善事业、 信托基金会等定期捐款的）契约. 派生： covenant v [Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Tf, Tt] ~ for sth; ~ sth (to/with sb) promise or agree to (sth) under the terms of a covenant 立约承诺或同意（某事物）: I've covenanted (for) 100/covenanted (with them) to pay/that I'll pay 100 a year. 我立约承诺每年捐款100英镑.

Coventry
[5kCvEntri; 5kavEntri] n (idm 习语) send sb to Coventry =>send.

cover
1[5kQvE(r); 5kQvl] v 1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (up/over) (with sth) place sth over or in front of sth; hide or protect sth in this way 覆盖或遮掩某物; （以覆盖或遮掩方式）隐藏或保护某物: * Cover the table with a cloth. 在桌子上铺上台布. * He covered (up) the body with a sheet. 他用单子盖住那具 体. * She covered her knees (up) with a blanket. 她把毯子盖在膝盖上. * The hole was covered (over) with canvas. 这个洞被帆布遮盖住了. * He covered the cushion with new material. 他给靠垫蒙上了新的料子. * He laughed to cover (ie hide) his nervousness. 他哈哈大笑以遮掩紧张的心情. * She covered her face with her hands. 她双手掩面. (b) [Tn] lie or extend over the surface of (sth) 平铺或展开在（某物）之表面; 盖住: * Snow covered the ground. 积雪覆盖了大地. * Flood water covered the fields by the river. 洪水淹没了河边的田地. * Rubble covered the pavement. 人行道上铺了碎石块. 2 [Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth in/with sth sprinkle, splash or scatter a layer of liquid, dust, etc on sb/sth 在某人[某物]上 上、 溅上或撒上一层液体、 尘土等: * I was covered in/with mud by a passing car. 一辆过路的汽车溅了我一身泥. * The wind blew from the desert and covered everything with sand. 沙漠那边吹来的风把所有的东西都蒙上了一层沙子. 3 [Tn] include (sth); deal with 包括（某事物）; 涉及; 处理; 适用於: * research that covers a wide field 涉及范围很广的研究工作 * Her lectures covered the subject thoroughly. 她的演讲对这个问题阐述得很透彻. * Is that word covered in the dictionary? 这部词典里有那个单词吗? * Do the rules cover (ie Can they be made to apply to) a case like this? 这些规则是否适用於这样的情况? * the salesman covering the northern part of the country, ie selling to people in that region 负责在该国北部地区促销的推销员. 4 [Tn] (of money) be enough for (sth) （指钱）够（某事物）之用:

cover1
* 10 will cover our petrol for the journey. 10英镑就足够支付我们旅行的汽油费. * The firm barely covers (its) costs; it hasn't made a profit for years. 该公司几乎入不敷出, 已经多年没有盈利了. 5 [Tn] travel (a certain distance) 走（一段路程）: * By sunset we had covered thirty miles. 到日落的时候, 我们已走了叁十英里. 6 [Tn] (of a journalist) report on (a major event such as a trial, an election, a riot, etc) （指新闻记者）报道（审判、 选举、 动乱之类的大事）: * cover the Labour Party's annual conference 报道工党年会新闻. 7 [I, Ipr] ~ (for sb) do sb's work, duties, etc during his absence 代替某人工作、 履行职责等: * I'll cover for Jane while she's on holiday. 简休假时我替补她工作. 8 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (against/for sth) insure sb/sth against loss, etc 给某人[某事物]保险: * Are you fully covered against/for fire and theft? 你是否保了足够的火险和盗窃险? 9 [Tn] (a) protect (sb) by shooting at a potential attacker （以火力）掩护（某人）: * Cover me while I move forward. 我前进时, 你掩护我. * The artillery gave us covering fire, ie shot to protect us. 炮火掩护着我们. (b) (of guns, fortresses, etc) be in a position to shoot at and therefore control (an area, a road, etc); dominate （指枪炮、 堡垒等）射程达到, 掩护, 控制（某区域、 道路等）; 支配: * Our guns covered every approach to the town. 我们的炮火控制了通往市区的各条道路. (c) keep aiming a gun at sb (so that he cannot shoot or escape) （用枪炮）瞄准某人（使其不能还击或逃跑）: * Cover her while I phone the police. 你用枪看住她, 我给警方打电话. * Keep them covered! 把枪口对准他们! 10 [Tn] (of a male animal, esp a horse) copulate with (a female) （指雄性动物与（雌性动物）交配（尤指马）. 11 (idm 习语) cover/hide a multitude of sins => multitude. cover one's tracks leave no evidence of where one has been or what one has been doing 掩盖行踪或所做的事的痕迹. cover oneself with glory (rhet 修辞) acquire fame and honour 获得名声及荣誉:

cover2
* The regiment covered itself with glory in the invasion battle. 该团在反侵略的战斗中赫赫有名. 12 (phr v) cover sth in put a protective covering over (an open space) 给露天场所加顶: * We're having the yard/passage/terrace covered in. 我们给院子[过道/阳台]加了顶子. cover (oneself) up (a) dress warmly 穿暖和: * Do cover (yourself) up: * it's freezing outside. 衣服穿暖一点: * 外面冷极了. (b) put on (extra) clothes, esp to avoid embarrassment （多）穿衣物, （尤指以免尴尬）. cover (sth) up (derog 贬) make efforts to conceal a mistake, sth illegal, etc 掩盖错误、 非法的事物等: * The government is trying to cover up the scandal. 政府企图遮掩这件丑事. cover up for sb conceal sb's mistakes, crimes, etc in order to protect him 为某人掩饰错误或隐瞒罪行等. 派生： covered adj 1 ~ in/with sth [pred 作表语] having a great number or amount of sth 大量: trees covered in/with blossom/fruit 开满鲜花[结满果实]的树 * (fig 比喻) I was covered in/with confusion, ie very confused and embarrassed. 我深感不安. 2 having a cover, esp a roof 有遮盖物的; （尤指）有顶的: a covered way 有顶篷的通道. covering[5kQvEriN; 5kQvEriN] n thing that covers 掩蔽物; 遮盖物: * a light covering of snow on the ground 地上一层薄薄的雪. 复合： ,covered `wagon (US) large wagon with an arched canvas roof, used by pioneers for travel westward across the prairies （美国拓荒者的）大篷车. ,covering `letter letter sent with a document, or with goods, etc, typically explaining the contents （随公文、 货物等发出的通常用以说明其内容的）附信. `cover-up n (derog 贬) act of concealing a mistake, sth illegal, etc 文过饰非; 护短: She said nothing was stolen, but that's just a cover-up. 她说什麽东西也没被偷, 那不过是掩饰罢了.

coverage
[5kQvEridV; 5kQvEridV] n [U] 1 reporting of events, etc 新闻报道: * TV coverage of the election campaign 有关竞选活动的电视报道 * There's little coverage of foreign news in the newspaper. 报纸上几乎没有国外新闻的报道. 2 extent to which sth is covered 覆盖范围; 覆盖程度: * a thicker paint which gives good coverage 严严实实的一层厚漆 * a dictionary with poor coverage of American words 所收美式词语不多的词典.

coveralls
[5kQvErC:lz; 5kQvE7rClz] n [pl] (US) = overalls (overall2 2).

coverlet
[5kQvElit; 5kQvllit] n bedspread 床罩.

covert
1[5kQvEt; - 'kEuvE:rt; 5kovlt] adj concealed; not open; secret 隐蔽的; 不公开的; 秘密的: * covert glances, threats, payments 偷偷的一瞥、 暗中的威胁、 秘密的付款 * the covert activities of a spy 间谍的秘密活动. > covertly adv. Cf 参看 overt.

covet
[5kQvit; 5kQvit] v [Tn] (usu derog 通常作贬义) want very much to possess (esp sth that belongs to sb else) 贪求（尤指别人的东西）; 觊觎: * covet sb's position, status, possessions, rewards 觊觎某人的职位、 地位、 财产、 报酬 * this year's winner of the coveted Nobel Prize, ie which everyone would like to win 许多人梦寐以求的诺贝尔奖之本年度获得者. 派生： covetous adj ~ (of sth) (derog 贬) having or showing a strong desire to possess (esp sth that belongs to sb else) 贪求（尤指别人的东西）的: covetous of his high salary 觊觎他的高薪的 * a covetous look, glance, etc 贪婪的眼色、 一瞥等. covetously adv. covetousnessn [U].

covey
[5kQvi; 5kQvi] n (pl ~s) [CGp] small flock of partridges 一小群鹧鸪.

cow
1[kau; kau] n 1 fully-grown female of any animal of the ox family, esp the domestic kind kept by farmers to produce milk and beef 母牛（尤指奶牛和菜牛）: * milking the cows 给奶牛挤奶 * a herd of cows 一群母牛. =>illus 见插图. Cf 参看 bull1 1, calf, heifer. 2 female elephant, rhinoceros, whale, etc 雌性的象、 犀牛、 鲸等. Cf 参看 bull1 2. 3 ( derog sl 讳, 贬, 俚) woman 女子: * You stupid cow! 你这蠢女人! 4 (idm 习语) a sacred cow => sacred. till the `cows come home (infml 口) for a very long time; for ever 长时间; 永远: * You can talk till the cows come home: * you'll never make me change my mind. 你就是说出大天来, 也休想改变我的主意. 复合： `cowbell n bell hung round a cow's neck so that the cow can be found by the sound of its ringing 牛颈铃. `cowcatcher n (US) metal frame fixed to the front of a railway engine to push obstacles off the track （机车的）排障器. `cowgirl n girl or woman who looks after cows 牧牛女; 饲牛女工. `cowhand n person who looks after cows 牧牛人; 饲牛工. `cowherd n (dated 旧) person who looks after grazing cows 放牛人; 牧牛工. `cowhide n 1 [U, C] leather made from the skin of a cow 牛皮; 牛革. 2 [C] strip of this leather used as whip 牛皮鞭. `cowman[-mEn; -mEn] n (pl -men) man who looks after cows 牧牛人; 牧牛工. `cow-pat n flat round mass of cow-dung on the ground （一团）牛屎. `cowshed n farm building where cows are kept when not outside, or where they are milked 牛棚; 牛舍.

coward
[5kauEd; 5kauld] n (derog 贬) person who lacks courage; person who runs away from danger 胆小鬼; 懦夫: * You miserable coward! 你这可怜的胆小鬼! * I'm a terrible coward when it comes to dealing with sick people, ie It scares me and I avoid it. 我一和病人打交道就提心吊胆. 派生： cowardice[5kauEdis; 5kauldis] n [U] (derog 贬) feelings or behaviour of a coward; fearfulness 胆小; 怯懦: * a battle lost owing to the troops' cowardice 由於部队畏缩不前而招致的战斗失利 * abject cowardice 可鄙的怯懦行为. cowardly adj (derog 贬) lacking courage; of or like a coward 胆小的; 怯懦的; （似）胆小鬼的: cowardly lies, behaviour, actions 怯懦的谎言、 行为、 举动 * It was cowardly of you not to admit your mistake. 你不承认错误就不是好样儿的.

cowboy
[5kaubCi; 5kau7bCi] n 1 man, usu on horseback, who looks after grazing cattle in the western parts of the US （美国西部的）牛仔, 牧童: * [attrib 作定语] a cowboy movie, ie one featuring adventures in the American West 牛仔影片. 2 (Brit infml derog 口, 贬) tradesman or businessman whose work, business practices, etc are incompetent or dishonest 无能的或不老实的商人或经营者: * The house has all these defects because it was built by cowboys. 这所房屋有这麽多毛病, 其原因就在於承建者都是滑头. * [attrib 作定语] cowboy builders, stockbrokers, etc 不老实的建 商、 证券经纪人等.

cower
[5kauE(r); 5kaul] v [I, Ipr, Ip] crouch down or move backwards in fear or distress （因畏惧或痛苦）蜷缩, 退缩: * He cowered away/back as she raised her hand to hit him. 她扬手打他, 他立即退缩开[向後退缩]. * The dog cowered (down) under the table. 那只狗吓得蜷伏在桌子底下.

cowl
[kaul; kaul] n 1 large hood on a monk's gown （修士道袍上的）大兜帽. 2 cap for a chimney, ventilating pipe, etc, usu of metal and often revolving with the wind, which is designed to improve the flow of air or smoke 通风帽; 烟囱. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page vii. 派生： cowling n removable metal covering for an engine, esp on an aircraft （发动机上可拆卸的）金属罩（尤指飞行器上的）. =>illus at aircraft 见aircraft之插图.

cowlick
[5kaulik; 5kau7lik] n (infml 口) tuft of hair just above the forehead that will not lie flat （额前翘起的）一绺头发.

cowpox
[5kaupCks; 5kau7paks] n [U] mild contagious disease of cattle caused by a virus (which is also used in making smallpox vaccine) 牛痘.

cowrie
[5kauri; 5kauri] n small shell formerly used as money in parts of Africa and Asia 宝贝（旧时在非洲及亚洲的部分地区用作钱币的小贝壳）.

cowslip
[5kauslip; 5kau7slip] n small plant with yellow flowers, growing wild in temperate countries 黄花九轮草（生长於温带国家）.

cox
[kCks; kaks] n person who steers a rowing-boat, esp in races 划艇（尤指赛艇）的舵手. 派生： cox v [I, Tn] act as cox of (a rowing-boat) 当（划艇）的舵手: He coxed the Oxford boat. 他担任牛津大学赛船的掌舵人.

coxcomb
[5kCkskEum; 5kaks7kom] n (arch 古) foolish conceited man, esp one who pays too much attention to his clothes 自命不凡的蠢家伙（尤指过分注意衣着者）.

coxswain
[5kCksn; 5kaksn] n 1 man in charge of a ship's rowing-boat and its crew 船上管理划艇及其船员的人. 2 (fml 文) cox 小艇的掌舵人.

Coy
[kCi; kCi] abbr 缩写 = (army) company.

coyote
[kCi'Euti; - kaiEut; 5kaiot] n small wolf of the plains of western N America 郊狼（北美洲西部原野上的小狼）.

coypu
[5kCipu:; 5kCipu] n beaver-like water-rodent from S America, bred for its fur 河狸鼠（状若海狸, 产於南美洲, 人工饲养以取其毛皮）.

cozy
(US) = cosy.

CP
[7si: 'pi:; 7si 'pi] abbr 缩写 = Communist Party: * join the CP 加入共产党.

cps
[7si: pi: 'es; 7si pi 'es] abbr 缩写 = (also c/s) (physics 物) cycles per second 每秒周数; 周/秒.

crab
1[krAb; krAb] n 1 (a) [C] ten-legged shellfish 蟹. =>illus at shellfish 见shellfish之插图. (b) [U] its flesh as food 蟹肉: * dressed crab, ie prepared for eating 加作料的蟹肉. 2 the Crab [sing] the fourth sign of the zodiac; Cancer 巨蟹宫（黄道第四宫）; 巨蟹星座. 3 [C] (infml 口) = crab-louse. 4 (idm 习语) catch a crab => catch1. 派生： crabwise[5krAbwaiz; 5krAb7waiz] adv sideways, often in a stiff or ungainly way （常为僵硬或笨拙的方式）横向地, 蟹行般地: * shuffle crabwise across the floor 拖着脚在室内横着走过去. 复合： `crab-louse n parasitic insect found in the hairy parts of the body 阴 .

crabbed
[5krAbid or, rarely, 罕读作 'krbd; 5krAbid] adj 1 (of handwriting) small and difficult to read （指字迹）细小难辨的. 2 = crabby.

crabby
[5krAbi; 5krAbi] adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) bad-tempered; irritable 脾气乖戾的; 易怒的.

crack
1[krAk; krAk] n 1 ~ (in sth) (a) line along which sth has broken, but not into separate parts 裂缝; 裂纹: * a cup with bad cracks in it 有很多裂纹的杯子 * Don't go skating today there are dangerous cracks in the ice. 今天别去溜冰了--冰上有裂缝很危险. * (fig 比喻) The cracks (ie defects) in the Government's economic policy are beginning to show. 政府经济政策上的失误已渐渐明显. =>illus at chip 见chip之插图. (b) narrow opening 缝隙: * She looked through a crack in the curtains. 她透过 子的缝隙观望. * Open the door a crack, ie Open it very slightly. 把门打开一条缝（打开一点点）. 2 sudden sharp noise 爆裂声; 看啪声: * the crack of a pistol shot 看看啪啪的手枪声 * a crack of thunder 一声霹雳. 3 ~ (on sth) sharp blow, usu one that can be heard 重击（通常为可听到响声的）: * give sb/get a crack on the head 吧的一声打在某人的头上[头上挨了一下子]. 4 ~ (about sth) (infml 口) clever and amusing remark, often critical; joke 俏皮话（常为挖苦人的）; 笑话: * She made a crack about his fatness. 她取笑他肥胖. 5 ~ at sth/doing sth (infml 口) attempt at sth 试做某事物: * Have another crack at solving this puzzle. 再试一试把这个难题解决了吧. 6 (idm 习语) the crack of `dawn (infml 口) very early in the morning 黎明; 破晓: * get up at the crack of dawn 黎明即起. the crack of `doom the end of the world 世界末日: * (fig 比喻) To get a bus here you have to wait till the crack of doom, ie an extremely long time. 在这儿真要等到世界末日（很久很久以後）才能有公共汽车. a fair crack of the whip => fair1. paper over the cracks => paper. 派生： crack adj [attrib 作定语] very clever or expert; excellent 精明能干的; 技艺高超的; 优秀的: a crack regiment 劲旅 * He's a crack shot, ie expert at shooting. 他是神枪手. 复合： `crack-brained adj (infml 口) crazy; foolish 疯狂的; 愚蠢的: a crack-brained idea, scheme, etc 愚蠢的念头、 计谋等.

cracker
[5krAkE(r); 5krAkl] n 1 thin flaky dry biscuit, typically eaten with cheese 薄脆饼乾（多与乾酪一起食用）. 2 (a) small firework that explodes with a sharp sound 爆竹; 鞭炮. (b) (also Christmas cracker) party toy consisting of a cardboard tube wrapped in paper that makes a sharp explosive sound as its ends are pulled apart, with a small gift, paper hat, etc inside 彩包爆竹（一种宴会时的娱乐用品, 为一硬的纸筒, 内装小件礼品、 纸帽等, 用纸包裹好, 两端一拉即看啪作响）: * a box of crackers 一盒彩包爆竹. 3 (Brit infml approv 口, 褒) attractive girl or woman 迷人的姑娘; 有魅力的女子: * What a little cracker she is! 她真是小美人! 4 crackers [pl] = nutcrackers (nut).

crackle
[5krAkl; 5krAkl] v [I] make small cracking sounds, as when dry sticks burn 发轻微的爆裂声（如乾柴燃烧时的响声）; 发看啪声: * a crackling camp-fire 看啪作响的营火 * The twigs crackled as we trod on them. 我们践踏树枝时, 树枝看啪作响. * (fig 比喻) The atmosphere crackled with tension as the two boxers stepped into the ring. 这两名拳手一登场, 气氛顿时紧张起来. 派生： crackle n [U] series of small cracking sounds 一连串轻微的爆裂声; 看里啪拉的响声: the distant crackle of machine-gun fire 远处机枪的格格声 * Can you get rid of the crackle on my radio? 你能把我那收音机的杂音除掉吗? crackling[5krAkliN; 5krAkliN] n [U] 1 small cracking sounds 轻微爆裂声; 看啪声. 2 crisp skin on roast pork （烤猪肉的）脆皮. 复合： `crackle-ware n [U] china, etc covered with a network of what appear to be tiny cracks 有细碎纹饰的陶瓷器.

crackpot
[5krAkpCt; 5krAk7pat] n (infml 口) eccentric person with strange or impractical ideas （想法怪异或不 切实际的）怪人, 狂人: * [attrib 作定语] crackpot ideas, schemes, etc 异想天开的念头、 计划等.

cracksman
[5krAksmEn; 5krAksmEn] n (pl -men) (dated 旧) burglar 窃贼.

cradle
[5kreidl; 5kredl] n 1 small bed for a baby, usu shaped like a box with curved parts underneath so that it can move from side to side 摇篮: * The mother rocked the baby to sleep in its cradle. 母亲摇动摇篮使婴儿入睡. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xvi. 2 ~ of sth (usu sing 通常作单数) (fig 比喻) place where sth begins 发源地; 策源地; 发祥地: * Greece, the cradle of Western culture. 希腊, 西方文化的发源地. 3 (a) framework that looks like or is used like a cradle, eg the structure on which a ship rests while it is being repaired or built 形状或用途近似摇篮的框架（如修造船舶时用以支承的托架）. (b) platform that can be moved up and down an outside wall by means of ropes and pulleys, used by window-cleaners, painters, etc （擦窗工人、 油漆工人等使用的依靠绳索及滑轮可沿外墙上下移动的）吊架, 吊篮. 4 part of a telephone on which the receiver rests （电话机的）听筒架, 叉簧. 5 (idm 习语) from the ,cradle to the `grave from birth to death 从生到死; 一生. 派生： cradle v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (in sth) place or hold sb/sth (as if) in a cradle 将某人[某物]（如同）置於摇篮中: cradle a child in one's arms, ie hold it gently, esp rocking it from side to side 把孩子抱在怀里轻轻摇晃.

craft
[kra:ft; - krAft; krAft] n 1 [C] occupation, esp one that needs skill in the use of the hands; such a skill or technique 行业; （尤指）手工业; 手艺; 工艺: * the potter's craft 陶器业 * teach arts and crafts in a school 在学校里教工艺美术 * He's a master of the actor's craft. 他演技精湛. 2 (pl unchanged 复数不变) [C] (a) boat; ship 船舶: * Hundreds of small craft accompany the liner into harbour. 数百只小艇随同这艘班轮驶入港湾. Cf 参看 vessel 1. (b) aircraft; spacecraft 飞行器; 宇宙飞船: * The astronauts piloted their craft down to the lunar surface. 宇航员驾驶宇宙飞船在月球表面降落. 3 [U] (fml derog 文, 贬) skill in deceiving; cunning 骗术; 狡诈: * achieving by craft and guile what he could not manage by honest means 玩弄诡计和手腕以实现其用正当手段无法实现的企图. 派生： craft v [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] make (sth) skilfully, esp by hand 精工制作（某物）（尤指用手工）: a beautiful hand-crafted silver goblet 美观的手工精制的高脚银杯. -craft (forming compound ns 用以构成复合名词): handicraft * needlecraft * stagecraft. crafty adj (-ier, -iest) (usu derog 通常作贬义) clever in using indirect or deceitful methods to get what one wants; cunning 诡计多端的; 狡猾的: a crafty politician 老奸巨猾的政客 * He's a crafty old fox. 他是一只狡猾的老狐狸. craftily adv. craftiness n [U].

craftsman
[5kra:ftsmEn; - 'krAfts-; 5krAftsmEn] n (pl -men) 1 skilled workman, esp one who makes things by hand 匠人; 能工巧匠（尤指手艺人）. 2 person who attends carefully to the details of a creative task 对创作刻意求工的人: * In symphonic writing he is the master craftsman. 他在交响乐曲的创作上堪称技艺大师. 派生： craftsmanship n [U] 1 skilled workmanship 技艺; 手艺. 2 careful attention to details, etc 精工细作; 刻意求工.

crag
[krAg; krAg] n high, steep or rugged mass of rock 悬崖; 峭壁; 绝壁; 岩. 派生： craggy adj (-ier, -iest) 1 having many crags 多峭壁的; 多 岩的. 2 (usu approv 通常作褒义) (of the face) having strong-looking prominent features (cheek-bones, nose, etc) and deep lines （指面部）五官轮廓分明的: his handsome craggy features 他那五官轮廓分明的英俊相貌.

cram
[krAm; krAm] v 1 (a) [Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (into sth/in) push or force too much of sth into sth 将某物塞进某物中; 尽力塞入: * cram food into one's mouth, papers into a drawer 把食物塞到嘴里、 文件塞进抽屉里 * The room's full; we can't cram any more people in. 屋里满满的, 再也挤不进去人了. (b) [usu passive 通常用於被动语态: * Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) make sth (too) full 塞满某物; 将某物塞得满满的: * cram one's mouth with food 往嘴里塞满食物 * an essay crammed with quotations 引语连篇的文章 * The restaurant was crammed (with people). 餐厅里挤满了（人）. 2 ~ (for sth) (a) [I, Ipr] (infml 口) learn a lot of facts in a short time, esp for an examination 突击式学习（尤指为应考）: * cram for a chemistry test 为应付化学考试而临时抱佛脚. (b) [Tn] teach (sb) in this way 以注入方式教（某人）: * cram pupils 以填鸭方式教学生. 派生： crammer n (dated infml 旧, 口) special school where students are crammed (cram 2b) （搞注入式教学的）专门学校或补习班. 复合： ,cram-`full adj [usu pred 通常作表语] (infml 口) very full 很满: cram-full of people 人挤得很满.

cramp
1[krAmp; krAmp] n 1 [U] sudden and painful tightening of the muscles, usu caused by cold or too much exercise, making movement difficult 痉挛; 抽筋: * The swimmer got cramp in his legs and had to be helped out of the water. 游泳者两腿抽筋, 不得不由他人救助出水. * writer's cramp, ie in the muscles of the hand 书写痉挛. 2 cramps [pl] (esp US) severe pain in the stomach 绞痛.

crampon
[5krAmpCn; 5krAmpan] n (usu pl 通常作复数) metal plate with spikes, worn on shoes for walking or climbing on ice and snow （在冰雪上行走及爬坡时安装在鞋底的）带铁钉鞋底.

cranberry
[5krAnbEri; - -beri; 5krAn7beri] n small red slightly sour berry of a small bush, used for making jelly and sauce 越橘.

crane
fly

cranium
[5kreiniEm; 5kreniEm] n (pl ~s or crania/ 5kreInIE; `krenIE/) (anatomy 解) bony part of the head enclosing the brain; skull 头盖骨; 颅骨. 派生： cranial[5kreiniEl; 5kreniEl] adj (anatomy 解) of the skull 头盖骨的; 颅骨的.

crank
1[krANk; krANk] n L-shaped bar and handle for converting to-and-fro movement to circular movement （用以将往复运动变换为圆周运动的）曲柄, 曲轴: * The pedals of a cycle are attached to a crank. 自行车的踏板与曲柄相连. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xiii. 派生： crank v [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) cause sth to turn by means of a crank 用曲柄转动某物: crank (up) an engine, ie start it with a crank 用曲柄启动发动机. 复合： `crankshaft n shaft that turns or is turned by a crank 曲柄轴.

cranny
[5krAni; 5krAni] n 1 small cavity or opening, eg in a wall 小洞, 小窟窿（如墙壁上的）. 2 (idm 习语) every nook and cranny => nook. 派生： crannied adj full of crannies 满是窟窿的.

crap
[krAp; krAp] v (-pp-) [I] ( sl 讳, 俚) defecate 拉屎: * a dog crapping on the lawn 在草坪上拉屎的狗. 派生： crap n ( sl 讳, 俚) 1 [U] excrement 屎. 2 [sing] act of defecating 拉屎: have a crap 拉屎. 3 [U] nonsense; rubbish 胡扯; 废话: You do talk a load of crap! 你净胡说八道! crappy adj (sl 俚) bad; worthless; unpleasant 糟糕的; 毫无价值的; 令人生厌的: a crappy book, party, programme 没有意思的书、 聚会、 节目.

crape
[kreip; krep] n [U] black silk or cotton material with a wrinkled surface, formerly worn as a sign of mourning （旧时为表示哀悼而披戴的）黑色绉绸或绉布. Cf 参看 crepe.

crapulent
[5krApjulEnt; 5krApjulEnt] adj (fml 文) feeling unwell as a result of eating or drinking too much 因饮食过量而感到不适的. > crapulence[-lEns; -lEns] n [U].

crash
1[krAF; krAF] n 1 (a) (usu sing 通常作单数) (loud noise made by a) violent fall, blow or breakage 坠落（声）; 撞击（声）; 破裂（声）: * the crash of dishes being dropped 摔碎盘碟的声音 * The tree fell with a great crash. 那棵树哗啦一声倒了. * His words were drowned in a crash of thunder. 他的话为一阵雷声所淹没. (b) accident involving a vehicle in a collision or some other impact 撞车; （车辆等）碰撞: * a crash in which two cars collided 两辆汽车相撞的事故 * a `car crash/an `air crash 汽车撞车事故[飞机坠毁]. 2 collapse, esp of a business or stock-market 崩溃; 垮台; （尤指）倒闭; （证券市场）暴跌: * The great financial crash in 1929 ruined international trade. 1929年的经济大萧条摧毁了国际贸易. 派生： crash adj [attrib 作定语] done intensively to achieve quick results 突击式的; 速成的: a crash course in computer programming 计算机程序设计速成课程 * a crash diet 速效饮食. crash adv with a crash 哗啦一声地: The vase fell crash on to the tiles. 花瓶哗啦一声掉在瓷砖上. 复合： `crash barrier fence, rail, etc to restrain crowds, divide vehicles travelling in opposite directions on a motorway, etc （限制人群通行的）隔离栅; （高速公路等的双程行车道之间的）防撞护栏. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xiii. `crash-dive n sudden dive made by a submarine or an aircraft, eg to avoid being attacked （潜艇或飞机为免受攻击而实行的）紧急下潜或下降. v [I] dive in this way （潜艇）紧急下潜; （飞机）紧急下降. `crash helmet hat made of very strong material (eg metal), worn by motor-cyclists, racing drivers, etc to protect the head （摩托车手、 赛车驾驶员等戴的）防撞头盔. ,crash-`land v [I, Tn] land (an aircraft) or be landed roughly in an emergency, usu with resulting damage （使飞行器）强行着陆. ,crash-`landing n landing of this kind 强行着陆: make a crash-landing 实行强行着陆.

crass
[krAs; krAs] adj (-er, -est) (fml derog 文, 贬) 1 [attrib 作定语] complete; very great; utter 完全的; 十足的; 彻头彻尾的: * crass stupidity, ignorance, etc 极度的愚钝、 无知等. 2 very stupid; insensitive 愚不可及的; 感觉迟钝的: * Don't talk to him: * he's so crass. 别跟他费口舌了, 他太笨了. > crassly adv. crassness n [U].

crate
[kreit; kret] n 1 (a) large wooden container for transporting goods （运货用的）大木箱, 板条箱: * a crate of car components 一箱汽车零部件. (b) container made of metal, plastic, etc divided into compartments for transporting or storing bottles 周转箱（运送或存放瓶子的分格容器）: * a crate of milk 一箱牛奶. =>illus at box 见box之插图. 2 (a) (sl joc 俚, 谑) worn-out car 破旧的汽车. (b) (dated air force sl 旧, 空军, 俚) aircraft 飞机. 派生： crate v [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) put sth in a crate 将某物装入大木箱或板条箱中: crating (up) a machine 把机器装入大木箱中.

crater
[5kreitE(r); 5kretl] n 1 hole in the top of a volcano 火山口. =>illus at volcano 见volcano之插图. 2 hole in the ground made by the explosion of a bomb or shell, or by a meteorite landing, etc 弹坑或陨石坑等. 复合： `crater `lake lake in the crater of an extinct volcano 火山口湖.

cravat
[krE'vAt; krE'vAt] n short strip of decorative material worn by men round the neck, folded inside the collar of a shirt 男用围巾（系於衬衫衣领内）.

crave
[kreiv; krev] v 1 [Ipr, Tn] ~ (for) sth have a strong desire for sth 渴望; 渴求某事物: * I was craving for a drink. 我非常想喝一点. * giving her the admiration she craves 给予她渴望得到的赞赏. 2 [Tn] (arch 古) ask for (sth) earnestly; beg for 恳求（某事物）; 祈求: * crave sb's mercy/forgiveness/indulgence 恳求某人宽恕[原谅/赦免]. 派生： craving n ~ (for sth) strong desire 强烈的愿望: a craving for food 想吃东西的强烈愿望.

craven
[5kreivn; 5krevEn] adj (fml derog 文, 贬) cowardly 怯懦的; 胆小的: * craven behaviour, submission, etc 怯儒的行为、 顺服的举动 * a craven deserter 胆怯的逃兵.

crawfish
[5krC:fiF; 5krC7fiF] n (pl unchanged 复数不变) = crayfish.

crawl
[krC:l; krCl] v 1 [I, Ipr, Ip] (a) move slowly, with the body on or close to the ground, or on hands and knees 爬; 爬行; 匍匐行进: * a snake crawling along (the ground) 在（地上）爬行的蛇 * A baby crawls (around) before it can walk. 婴儿先能（到处）爬, 然後才会走. * The wounded man crawled to the phone. 那伤者爬到电话跟前. (b) (of traffic, vehicles, etc) move very slowly （指来往行人、 车辆等）缓慢地行进, 徐缓而行: * The traffic crawled over the bridge in the rush-hour. 在高峰时刻桥上的车辆行驶缓慢. 2 [Ipr] ~ with sth (esp in the continuous tenses 尤用於进行时态) be covered with, or full of, things that crawl 爬满; 满是爬行之物: * The ground was crawling with ants. 地上满是蚂蚁. * (fig 比喻) The area was crawling with (ie was full of) police. 这个地区布满了警察. 3 [I, Ipr] ~ (to sb) (infml derog 口, 贬) try to gain sb's favour by praising him, doing what will please him, etc 拍马屁: * She's always crawling (to the boss). 她老是拍（上司的）马屁. 4 (idm 习语) make one's/sb's flesh crawl/creep => flesh. 派生： crawl n 1 (a) [sing] (derog 贬) very slow pace 极慢的速度: traffic moving at a crawl 缓慢蠕动的来往车辆. (b) [C] crawling movement 爬动: the baby's laborious crawl 婴儿费劲的爬动. 2 (often 常作 the crawl) [sing] fast swimming stroke using overarm movements of each arm in turn, accompanied by rapid kicks with the feet 爬泳; 自由泳: Can you do the crawl? 你会自由泳吗? crawler n 1 [C] (infml derog 口, 贬) person who crawls (crawl 3) 奴颜婢膝的人; 马屁精. 2 crawlers [pl] overalls made for a baby to crawl about in （婴儿穿的）连衫罩裤.

crayfish
[5kreifiF; 5kre7fiF] (also crawfish) n (pl unchanged 复数不变) freshwater shellfish like a small lobster （淡水的）螯虾, 小龙虾.

crayon
[5kreiEn; 5kreEn] n pencil or stick of soft coloured chalk, wax or charcoal, used for drawing （绘画用的）铅笔, 彩色粉笔, 蜡笔, 炭笔: * [attrib 作定语] a crayon drawing 彩色蜡笔画. 派生： crayon v [I, Tn] draw (sth) with crayons 用彩色粉笔、 蜡笔或炭笔绘画.

craze
[kreiz; krez] n (a) ~ (for sth) enthusiastic, usu brief, interest in sth 对某事物的狂热（通常为时短暂）: * a craze for collecting beer-mats 对 集啤酒杯垫子的浓厚兴趣 * the current punk-hairstyle craze 时下对鲜艳彩色发式的狂热. (b) object of such an interest 狂热的对象: * Skateboards are the latest craze. 滑板运动是目前最时兴的玩意儿.

crazed
[kreizd; krezd] (also half-crazed) adj ~ (with sth) wildly excited; insane 狂热的; 疯狂的: * a crazed look, expression, etc 狂热的样子、 表情等 * She was crazed with grief. 她悲痛欲绝. * drug-crazed fanatics 嗜毒如命的瘾君子.

crazy
[5kreizi; 5krezi] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 (infml 口) (a) insane 疯狂的; 精神失常的: * He's crazy; he ought to be locked up. 他疯了, 应该把他关起来. * That noise is driving me crazy/making me go crazy, ie annoying me very much. 那噪声吵得我要发狂. (b) very foolish; not sensible 荒唐的; 糊涂的: * a crazy person, idea, suggestion 荒唐的人、 念头、 建议等 * You must be crazy to go walking in such awful weather. 你一定头脑发昏了, 这麽恶劣的天气还去散步. * She's crazy to lend him the money. 她把钱借给他, 真糊涂. 2 [pred 作表语] ~ (about sth/sb) (infml 口) wildly excited; enthusiastic 狂热; 热衷: * The kids went crazy when the film star appeared. 那位影星一出场, 孩子们欣喜若狂. * I'm crazy about steam-engines. 我对蒸汽机着了迷. * She's crazy about him, ie loves him a lot. 她为他而神魂颠倒. 3 [attrib 作定语] (of pavements, quilts, etc) made up of irregularly shaped pieces fitted together （指人行道、 被褥等）由不规则的碎块拼成的: * crazy paving 碎纹石路. 4 (idm 习语) like `crazy (used as an adv 用如副词) (infml 口) very intensely; very much 极度; 非常: * work, talk, etc like crazy 拚命干、 讲等 * run like crazy, ie very fast 拚命跑. > crazily adv. craziness n [U].

creak
[kri:k; krik] v [I] make a harsh sound like that of an unoiled door-hinge, or badly-fitting floor-boards when trodden on （作）嘎吱声（如缺油的门铰链或松动的地板踩上去时所发出的刺耳声音）: * The wooden cart creaked as it moved along. 这辆板车走动时嘎吱嘎吱地响. * the creaking joints of an old man 老头儿咯吧作响的关节. 派生： creak n such a sound 嘎吱声. creaky adj (-ier, -iest) that creaks 嘎吱作响的: a creaky floor-board 嘎吱作响的地板 * (fig 比喻) The Government's policy is looking rather creaky, ie as if about to fail. 政府的政策看来行不通了. creakily adv.

cream
1[kri:m; krim] n 1 [U] thick yellowish-white liquid that is the fatty part of milk 奶油; 乳脂: * peaches and cream 奶油桃子 * put cream in one's coffee 在咖啡里加奶油 * whipped cream 搅打过的奶油 * [attrib 作定语] cream buns, cake, etc, ie containing cream 奶油面包、 蛋糕等. 2 [C, U] type of food containing or similar to cream 含奶油食品; 奶油状食品: * ice-cream 冰激凌 * chocolate creams, ie soft chocolate sweets 巧克力奶糖. 3 [U] smooth paste or thick liquid used as a cosmetic, in medicine, for polishing, etc 乳霜; 乳膏: * `face-cream * `cold-cream * antiseptic cream. 4 the cream (also the creme de la creme) [sing] ~ (of sth) the best part of sth 精华; 精髓: * the cream of the crop 最好的一部分庄稼 * The cream of this year's graduates will get high-paid jobs. 本届毕业的高材生将获得高薪职位. 派生： cream adj yellowish-white 淡黄色的; 乳白色的: a cream dress, jacket, etc 米色的衣服、 夹克等 * cream paper 淡黄色的纸. creamery[5kri:mEri; 5krimEri] n 1 place where milk, cream, butter, etc are sold 乳制品商店. 2 place where butter and cheese are made 乳品厂. creamy adj (-ier, -iest) looking and feeling like cream; containing much cream 奶油状的; 奶油般的; 含有大量奶油的: creamy soup, yoghurt, etc 奶油汤、 酸奶. 复合： ,cream `cheese soft white cheese containing a lot of cream 奶油乾酪. ,cream of `tartar purified form of tartaric acid, used for making baking powder 酒石; 酒石酸氢钾. `cream `tea (Brit) meal consisting of tea with scones, jam and whipped cream （英国）奶油茶点.

crease
[kri:s; kris] n 1 line made on cloth, paper, etc by crushing, folding or pressing 摺线; 摺缝; 摺痕; 皱纹: * iron a crease into one's trousers 用熨斗在裤子上烫一道摺线 * crease-resistant cloth, ie that does not easily get creases in it 防皱布. 2 wrinkle in the skin, esp on the face 皮肤上（尤指面部）的皱纹: * creases round an old man's eyes 老人眼边的皱纹. 3 (in cricket) white line made at each end of the pitch to mark the positions of the bowler and batsman （板球）标示投球手和击球手位置的白线. =>illus at cricket 见cricket之插图. 派生： crease v 1 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) get creases; make a crease or creases in (sth) （使某物）起皱; 弄皱（某物）: material that creases easily 容易起皱的布料 * Pack the clothes carefully so that you don't crease them. 把衣服细心装好, 免得弄皱了. 2 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sb (up) (Brit infml 口) amuse sb greatly 使某人乐不可支: Her jokes really creased me (up). 她的笑话真笑得我直不起腰来.

create
[kri:'eit; kri5et] v 1 [Tn] cause (sth) to exist; make (sth new or original) 创造; 创建; 创作: * God created the world. 上帝创造世界. * A novelist creates characters and a plot. 小说家塑造人物并设计作品的情节. * create a role, ie (of an actor) be the first to play it 创演角色（指演员为某一角色的最初扮演者） * create more jobs 提供更多的就业机会. 2 [Tn] have (sth) as a result; produce 引起; 产生: * His shabby appearance creates a bad impression. 他那寒酸的样子给人留下不好的印象. * The outrageous book created a sensation. 那部耸人听闻的书曾轰动一时. * create a fuss, ie express anger, annoyance, etc 发脾气. 3 [Tn, Cn.n esp passive 尤用於被动语态] give (sb) a certain rank 任命; 册封: * create eight new peers 新封了八个贵族 * He was created Baron of Banthorp. 他被封为班绍普男爵. 4 [I] (Brit infml 口) be angry, cause trouble, etc 生气; 惹事: * She really created because she wasn't served first. 她的确生气了, 因为没有首先为她服务.

creation
[kri:'eiFn; kri5eFEn] n 1 (a) [U] action of creating 创造; 产生: * the creation of the world in seven days 七天的创世过程 * the creation of a good impression 良好印象的产生 * Economic conditions may be responsible for the creation of social unrest. 经济状况不佳可能是造成社会动乱的根源. (b) (usu 通常作 the Creation) [sing] making of the world, esp by God as told in the Bible 创造世界（尤指《圣经》中所说的上帝创造世界）. 2 (often 常作 Creation) [U] all created things 所有的创造物; 天地万物: * all of God's creation 神所创造的一切 * the biggest liar in Creation, ie a very great liar 瞎话大王. 3 [C] (a) thing made, esp by means of skill or intelligence 创造物; （尤指凭藉技艺和才智的）作品: * the creations of poets and artists 诗人和艺术家的作品 * The chef had produced one of his most spectacular creations, a whole roasted swan. 这位厨师做出了他最拿手的好菜--一整只烤天鹅. (b) new type of garment or hat （服装或帽子的）新式样: * the latest creations from London's fashion houses 伦敦时装商店的最新款式服装.

creative
[kri:'eitiv; kri5etiv] adj 1 [attrib 作定语] of or involving creation 创造的; 创造性的; 创作的: * The writer described the creative process. 这位作家叙述了创作的过程. * He teaches creative writing, ie teaches people to write fiction, plays, etc. 他教写作. 2 able to create 有创造力的: * She's very creative; she writes and paints. 她很有创作能力, 既从事写作又从事绘画. > creatively adv. creativeness n [U]. creativity[7kri:ei'tivEti; 7krie'tivEti] n [U].

creator
[kri:'eitE(r); kri5etl] n 1 [C] person who creates 创造者; 创作者: * Shakespeare, the creator of Hamlet 莎士比亚--哈姆雷特的塑造者. 2 the Creator [sing] God 上帝; 造物主.

creature
[5kri:tFE(r); 5kritFl] n 1 living being, esp an animal 生物; （尤指）动物: * dumb creatures, ie animals 不会说话的动物 * Your dog's a ferocious creature! 你的狗真凶! * creatures from Mars 来自火星的生物. 2 (with a preceding adj 用於形容词之後) person 人: * What a lovely creature! ie a beautiful woman. 多麽美丽的女人哪! * a poor creature, ie a pitiable person 可怜的人. 3 (idm 习语) sb's creature/the creature of sb (fml derog 文, 贬) person who is totally dependent on sb else, and does whatever he wants 受人支配者; （他人的）驯服工具; 奴才; 走狗: * The king would appoint one of his creatures to the post. 国王要派他的一名奴仆去任这差事. a creature of `habit person whose daily life tends to be governed by habit 习惯的奴隶（日常生活受制於习惯的人）. 复合： ,creature `comforts things needed for bodily comfort, eg food, drink, warmth, etc 物质享受所需之事物（如饮食、 保暖等）.

creche
[kreiF, kreF; kreF] n 1 (Brit) nursery where babies are looked after while their mothers work 托儿所. 2 (US) = crib.

credence
[5kri:dns; 5kridns] n (idm 习语) attach/give credence to sth (fml 文) believe (gossip, reports, etc) 相信（流言蜚语、 传言等）: * I attach little credence to what she says. 我对她的话姑妄听之. lend credence to sth/gain credence (fml 文) make sth/become more believable 使某事物[变得]更为可信.

credentials
[kri5denFlz; kri5denFElz] n [pl] 1 ~ (for/as sth); ~ (to do sth) qualities, achievements, etc that make one suitable; qualifications （学历、 资历等的）资格: * She has the perfect credentials for the job. 她做这工作完全够格. 2 documents showing that a person is what he claims to be, is trustworthy, etc （某人合乎条件、 可以信任等的）证明书, 证件: * I examined his credentials. 我查验了他的证件.

credible
[5kredEbl; 5kredEbl] adj that can be believed; believable 可信的; 可靠的: * a credible witness, statement, report 可信的证人、 陈词、 报道 * It seems barely credible, ie seems almost impossible to believe. 这似乎难以置信. * Is there a credible alternative to the nuclear deterrent? 是否有可以取代核威慑力量的可靠办法? 派生： credibility[7kredE'bilEti; 7kredE'bilEti] n [U] 1 quality of being believable 可信性; 可靠性. 2 quality of being generally accepted and trusted 信用; 信誉: * After the recent scandal the Government has lost all credibility. 经过最近这次丑闻之後, 政府完全失去了人们的信任. credibly[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv: * I am credibly informed that..., ie I have been told by sb who can be believed. 我从可靠的方面获悉.... 复合： ,credi`bility gap difference between what sb says and what is generally thought to be true 信用差距（某人所说的话与公众认为的真相之间的差距）: the growing credibility gap that crippled Nixon's presidency 危及尼克松的总统地位的不断扩大的信用差距.

credit
1[5kredit; 5kredit] n 1 (a) [U] permission to delay payment for goods and services until after they have been received; system of paying in this way 赊购; 赊购制度: * refuse/grant sb credit 拒绝[允许]某人赊购物品 * No credit is given at this shop, ie Payment must be in cash. 本店概不赊欠. * I bought it on credit, ie did not have to pay for it until some time after I got it. 我以赊购方式买下了它. * High interest rates make credit expensive. 由於利率很高, 赊购并不划算. * give sb six months' interest-free credit, ie allow sb to pay within six months, without adding an extra charge for interest 给予某人六个月的无息赊欠期 * [attrib 作定语] a credit period, agreement, limit 赊欠期限、 协议、 限额. (b) [U] sum of money in sb's bank account （某人银行帐户中的）存款数额: * How much do I have to my credit? ie How much money is in my account? 我帐上有多少存款? * Your account is in credit, ie There is money in it. 你的帐上有馀额. * [attrib 作定语] I have a credit balance of 250. 我帐上有250英镑的存款馀额. (c) [C] sum of money lent by a bank, etc; loan （银行等的）借款; 贷款: * The bank refused further credits to the company. 银行拒绝再向这家公司提供贷款. (d) [C] (in bookkeeping) (written record of a) payment received （簿记中的）付方, 贷方: * Is this item a debit or a credit? 这笔帐属於借方还是属於贷方? Cf 参看 debit. 2 [U] ~ (for sth) praise; approval; recognition (used esp with the vs shown) 称赞; 赏识; 表扬（尤与以下示例中的动词连用）: * He got all the credit for the discovery. 这一发现全都归功於他了. * I can't take any credit; the others did all the work. 我不能接受任何荣誉, 所有的工作都是别人做的. * She was given the credit for what I had done. 事情是我做的, 她却受到称赞. * At least give him credit for trying, ie praise him, even though he did not succeed. 至少也应该肯定他敢於尝试（虽未取得成功也该给予表扬）.

credit1
* Give credit where it's due. 该表扬就给予表扬. * There was little credit for those who had worked hardest. 几乎没表扬那些工作最努力的人. * His courage has brought great credit to/reflects credit on (ie gives a good reputation to) his regiment. 他很勇敢使他所在的团大为增光. 3 [U] belief; trust; confidence 相信; 信任; 信赖: * The rumour is gaining credit, ie More and more people believe it. 相信那谣言的人越来越多了. * Recent developments lend credit to (ie strengthen belief in) previous reports. 最近的事态发展说明先前的报道是可靠的. 4 credits [pl] (also credit titles) list of actors, director, cameramen, etc who worked on a film, TV programme, etc, shown at the beginning or end 片头字幕, 片尾字幕（在电影、 电视节目等的片头或片尾所显示的演员、 导演、 摄制人员等的名单）. 5 [C] (US education 教) entry on a record showing that a student has completed a course 学分: * gain credits in Math and English 取得数学课和英语课的学分. 6 [sing] addition to the reputation or good name of sb/sth 为某人[某事物]增光: * This brilliant pupil is a credit to his teachers. 这名优秀生为老师增了光. 7 (idm 习语) be to sb's credit; do sb credit; do credit to sb/sth make sb worthy of praise 使某人值得赞扬: * Jack, to his credit, refused to get involved. 杰克好就好在拒不参与. * It is greatly to your credit that you gave back the money you found; your honesty does you credit. 你拾金不昧是非常难能可贵的; 你很诚实, 应该受表扬. * His improved performance does credit to his trainer. 他的表演有进步, 这应该归功於他的教练. * It does her credit that she managed not to get angry. 她沉住气没发脾气, 这是值得称赞的. have sth to one's credit have achieved sth 完成某事物: * He is only thirty, and already he has four films to his credit, ie he has made four films. 他才叁十岁, 却已拍过四部影片了.

credit2
复合： `credit account (US charge account) account with a shop, store, etc that allows one to pay for goods at fixed intervals (eg monthly) rather than immediately 赊销帐项（商店等为顾客定期, 如按月, 付款赊购物品 的帐项）. `credit card card that allows its holder to buy goods and services on credit 信用卡. `credit note (commerce 商) note given to a customer who has returned goods to the seller, allowing him to have other goods with a value equal to those returned 信用票据, 贷方单据（退货顾客用以换取等值的其他货物的凭证）. `credit rating assessment of how reliable sb is in paying for goods bought on credit （对某人以记帐方式购物的付款情况作出的）信誉评估, 信用等级. `credit-side n right-hand side of an account, on which payments received are recorded 付方; 贷方: (fig 比喻) We've lost some experienced players, but on the credit-side (ie at least there is this favourable aspect) there are some useful young ones coming into the team. 我们少了一些有经验的运动员, 然而事情也有好的一面, 有些年轻的生力军加入了本队. `credit squeeze government policy of controlling inflation by making it difficult to borrow money, eg by raising interest rates 信用紧缩（政府为控制通货膨胀而采取的措施, 如藉提高利率以增加借款之困难）. `credit transfer transfer of money direct from one bank account to another, without using a cheque 银行转帐. `credit-worthy adj (of people, business firms, etc) accepted as safe to give credit to, because reliable in making repayment （指人、 工商企业等）信用可靠的, 有资格接受贷款的. `credit-worthiness n [U].

creditable
[5kreditEbl; 5kreditEbl] adj ~ (to sb) deserving praise (although perhaps not outstandingly good); bringing credit1(2) 值得赞扬的（虽然可能并非特别好）; 带来荣誉的: * a creditable attempt, performance, etc 值得赞扬的努力、 表现等 * creditable work, progress, etc 应予肯定的工作、 进步等 * conduct that is very creditable to him 给他带来极好声誉的行为. > creditably[5kreditEbli; 5kreditEbli] adv: * She performed very creditably in the exam. 她考得好极了.

creditor
[5kreditE(r); 5kreditl] n person to whom money is owed 债主; 债权人: * His creditors are demanding to be paid. 他的那些债主正在讨债.

credo
[5kri:dEu, 'kreidEu; 5krido, 'kredo] n (pl ~s) creed 信条: * her extremist political credo 她那极端主义的政治信条.

credulity
[kri5dju:lEti; - -'du:-; krE'dulEti] n [U] too great a readiness to believe things 轻信: * a statement which stretches/strains one's credulity to the limit, ie is almost impossible to believe 简直难以置信的陈述.

credulous
[5kredjulEs; - -dVE-; 5kredVElEs] adj too ready to believe things 轻信的: * credulous people who believe what the advertisements say 轻信广告的人. > credulously adv.

creed
[kri:d; krid] n 1 [C] system of beliefs or opinions, esp religious beliefs 信条, 教义（尤指宗教信仰）: * people of all colours and creeds, ie of all sorts 各种肤色和各种宗教信仰的人 * What is your political creed? 你的政治信仰如何? 2 the Creed [sing] short summary of Christian belief, esp as said or sung as part of a church service 使徒信条.

creek
[kri:k; - also krik; krik] n 1 (Brit) narrow stretch of water flowing inland from a coast; inlet 小海湾; 小港湾. 2 (US) small river; stream 小河; 溪流. 3 (idm 习语) up the `creek (infml 口) in difficulties 处於困境: * I'm really up the creek without my car. 我没有了汽车实在不方便.

creel
[kri:l; kril] n angler's wicker basket for holding the fish he catches （钓鱼者用的）鱼篓.

creep
[kri:p; krip] v (pt, pp crept) 1 [Ipr, Ip] move slowly, quietly or stealthily, esp crouching low 慢慢地、 悄悄地或偷偷地移动（尤指弯着腰走）: * The cat crept silently towards the bird. 那只猫一声不响地接近那只鸟. * She crept up to him from behind. 她从後面蹑手蹑脚地走近他. * The thief crept along the corridor. 那个贼偷偷摸摸地穿过走廊. * (fig 比喻) A feeling of drowsiness crept over him. 他不禁感到昏昏欲睡. * (fig 比喻) Old age creeps up on you (ie approaches you stealthily) before you realize it. 人不知不觉地就变老了. =>Usage at prowl 用法见prowl. 2 [I, Ipr, Ip] (of plants) grow along the ground, up walls, etc （指植物）蔓生, 匍匐, 攀附: * Ivy had crept up the castle walls. 常春 爬上了城堡的围墙. * a creeping vine 蔓生的葡萄树. 3 (idm 习语) make one's/sb's flesh crawl/creep => flesh. 派生： creep n 1 (infml derog 口, 贬) person who tries to win sb's favour by always agreeing with him, doing things for him, etc 溜须拍马的人. 2 (idm 习语) give sb the `creeps (infml 口) (a) (of fear or horror) cause an unpleasant sensation in the skin, as if things are creeping over it （指恐惧或憎恶）毛骨悚然, 汗毛直竖, 起鸡皮疙瘩. (b) make sb feel extreme dislike; repel sb 使某人厌恶或反感: I don't like him: he gives me the creeps. 我不喜欢他, 他这人很讨厌. creeping adj [attrib 作定语] (of sth bad) gradual （指坏事）逐渐发展的, 日趋严重的: The disease results in creeping paralysis. 这种病可发展成脊髓痨. * creeping inflation in the housing market 房产价格的不断上涨.

creeper
[5kri:pE(r); 5kripl] n plant that grows along the ground, up walls, etc, often winding itself round other plants 匍匐植物; 攀援植物.

creepy
crawly

cremate
[kri5meit; 5krimet] v [Tn] burn (a dead body) to ashes, esp ceremonially at a funeral 火化（ 体）; （尤指）火葬: * He wants to be cremated, not buried. 他要火葬, 不要土葬. 派生： cremation/kri5meiFn; kri5meFEn] n [C, U] (act of) cremating 火化; 火葬. crematorium[7kremE'tC:riEm; 7kremE'tCriEm] n (pl ~s or -oria[-C:riE; -CriE] ) (also esp US crematory)[ 5kremEtErI; US -tR:rI; `krimE9tRrI/ building in which bodies are cremated 火葬场. creme de la creme

creme de menthe
[7krem dE 'mCnW; kremdE'menW] n [U, C] (French 法) sweet thick green liqueur flavoured with peppermint 薄荷甜酒.

crenellated
(US -elated)[5krenEleitid; 5krenl7etid] adj having battlements 有雉堞的: * a crenellated castle/wall 有雉堞的城堡[墙]. =>illus at castle 见castle之插图.

creole
[5kri:Eul; 5kriol] n 1 [C, U] language formed by a blending of two other languages, and used as the main language in the community in which it is spoken 混合语（由不同语言混合而成, 用作某群体的主要语言）. Cf 参看 pidgin. 2 (usu 通常作 Creole) [C] (a) descendant (either direct or of mixed European and African descent) of the original European settlers in the West Indies or Spanish America （西印度群岛的或通用西班牙语的美洲国家的）克里奥尔人（欧洲初期移民的後裔, 或这些移民与非洲人的混血後代）. (b) descendant of the original French or Spanish settlers in the southern states of the USA （美国南方各州的）克里奥尔人（法国 或西班牙初期移民的後裔）: * [attrib 作定语] Creole cuisine 克里奥尔式烹饪.

creosote
[5kriEsEut; 5kriE7sot] n [U] thick brown oily liquid obtained from coal tar, used to preserve wood 杂酚油, 木馏油（木材防腐剂）. 派生： creosote v [Tn] paint (sth) with creosote 用杂酚油涂（某物）.

crepe
(also ,crepe)[5kreip; krep] n 1 [U] light thin fabric with a wrinkled surface 绉绸; 绉布; 绉织品. Cf 参看 crape. 2 (also ,crepe `rubber) [U] tough rubber produced in sheets with a wrinkled surface, used for the soles of shoes 绉胶: * crepe-soled shoes 绉胶底的鞋. 复合： ,crepe `paper thin paper with a wavy or wrinkled surface 绉纹纸.

crepitate
[5krepiteit; 5krepE7tet] v [I] (fml or medical 文或医) make sharp crackling or grating sounds 发爆裂声; 发磨擦声. 派生： crepitation[7krepi'teiFn; 7krepE'teFEn] n [U, C] (fml or medical 文或医) crepitating (sound) 爆裂声; 磨擦声: * the telltale crepitation of a broken bone 显示骨折的爆裂声.

crept
pt, pp of creep.

crepuscular
[kri5pQskjulE(r); kri5pQskjEll] adj (fml 文) 1 of or like twilight; dim 黎明或黄昏（般）的; 朦胧的; 昏暗的: * crepuscular shadows 阴影. 2 (of animals) active at twilight or dawn （指动物）在黎明或黄昏时分活动的: * Bats are crepuscular creatures. 蝙蝠是在黎明或黄昏时分活动的动物.

crescendo
[kri5FendEu; krE'Fendo] adj, adv (music 音) of or with increasing loudness （指音乐）渐强的: * a crescendo passage 渐强的乐节. 派生： crescendo n (pl ~s) 1 (music 音) gradual increase in loudness （音量的）渐强. 2 (fig 比喻) climax; high point 高潮; 顶点: The advertising campaign reached a crescendo at Christmas. 在圣诞节期间, 广告战已达到高潮. Cf 参看 diminuendo.

crescent
[5kresnt; 5kresnt] n 1 [C] (a) (thing with a) narrow curved shape that tapers to a point at each end, like the new moon 新月形（物）; 月牙形（物）. (b) (street consisting of a) semicircular row of houses or other buildings 半圆形的一排房屋或其他建 物; 半圆形的街区 滋illus 见插图. 2 the Crescent [sing] (fig 比喻) the faith and religion of Islam 伊斯兰教: * the Cross (ie Christianity) and the Crescent 基督教和伊斯兰教.

cress
[kres; kres] n [U] any of various small plants with hot-tasting leaves used in salads and sandwiches 水芹（叶味辛辣, 用於色拉和叁明治）.

crest
[krest; krest] n 1 tuft of feathers on a bird's head 羽冠. 2 (a) top of a slope or hill 坡顶; 山顶. (b) white top of a large wave 浪尖; 波峰. =>illus at surfing 见surfing之插图. 3 design above the shield on a coat of arms, often represented on a seal or on notepaper （盾形纹章上方的）饰章（常用於印信或信笺）: * the family crest, ie one above the family's coat of arms 家族饰章（标记於家族的盾形纹章上方的）. 4 (a) decorative tuft or plume formerly worn on top of a soldier's helmet （旧时军人头盔顶上的）羽饰. (b) (fig rhet 比喻, 修辞) helmet 头盔. 5 (idm 习语) on the crest of a `wave at the point of greatest success, happiness, etc 在最成功、 最得意的时候: * After its election victory, the party was on the crest of a wave. 该党在选举获胜後如日中天. 派生： crest v 1 [Tn] reach the crest of (a hill, etc) 达到（山等）的顶端: As we crested the hill, we saw the castle. 我们登上山顶, 看见了城堡. 2 [I] (of a wave) form into a crest （指波浪）形成浪尖. crested adj [attrib 作定语] 1 having a crest(3) 有饰章的: crested notepaper 有饰章的信笺. 2 (used in names of birds 用在鸟类名称中) having a crest(1) 有羽冠的: the great crested grebe 有羽冠的大辟稧 稧.

crestfallen
[5krestfC:lEn; 5krest7fClEn] adj sad because of unexpected failure, disappointment, etc 垂头丧气的; 心灰意懒的.

cretaceous
[kri5teiFEs; kri5teFEs] adj (geology 地质) 1 of or like chalk 白垩质的; 似白垩的: * cretaceous rock 白垩质的岩石. 2 Cretaceous of the geological period when chalk-rocks were formed 白垩纪: * Cretaceous fossils 白垩纪的化石.

cretin
[5kretin; - 'kri:tn; 5kritin] n 1 (medical 医) person who is deformed and of very low intelligence because of a disease of the thyroid gland 呆小病（克汀病）患者. 2 ( offensive 讳, 蔑) very stupid person 笨蛋; 白痴: * Why did you do that, you cretin? 你为什麽做那事, 你这个笨蛋? > cretinous[5kretinEs; - 'kri:t-;'kritinEs] adj.

cretonne
[5kretCn; kri5tan] n [U] thick cotton cloth with printed designs, used for curtains, furniture covers, etc 印花厚棉布（作窗 、 家具套等）.

crevasse
[kri5vs; krE'vAs] n deep open crack in the ice of a glacier （冰川的）裂口, 裂隙.

crevice
[5krevis; 5krevis] n narrow opening or crack in a rock, wall, etc （岩石、 墙壁等的）裂缝, 缺口.

crew
1[kru:; kru] n [CGp] 1 (a) people working on a ship, an aircraft, an oil-rig, etc （轮船、 飞行器、 钻井平台等上的）工作人员. (b) these people, except the officers （上述的）工作人员（不包括高级职员）: * the officers and crew of the SS London 伦敦号轮船的全体工作人员. (c) rowing team 划艇队: * the Cambridge crew 剑桥大学赛艇队. 2 group of people working together; gang 一道工作的班子; 队; 组: * a track-repair crew 轨道维修组 * a camera crew 电影（或电视）摄制组. 3 (usu derog 通常作贬义) group of people （人的）一伙, 一帮: * The people she'd invited were a pretty motley crew. 她请的人相当杂. 派生： crew v [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (for sb/on sth) act as (a member of) the crew on (sth) 充当（某集体）的工作人员: Will you crew for me on my yacht? 你愿意在我的快艇上当水手吗? * Men are needed to crew the lifeboat. 需要有人来做救生艇的船员. 复合： `crew cut very short hair-style for men 平头. `crew neck type of round close-fitting collar, esp on a pullover 圆式紧衣领（尤指套头毛衣的）. =>illus at neck 见neck之插图.

crib
1[krib; krib] n 1 [C] wooden framework for holding animal food; manger 饲料槽. 2 [C] (esp US) = cot 1. 3 (US creche) [C] model, eg in a church at Christmas, representing Christ's birth in Bethlehem 马厩图（如基督教会圣诞节所陈列的马厩模型, 展示基督在伯利 诞生之情景）. 4 [U] = cribbage. 派生： crib v (-bb-) [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sb (up) (arch 古) confine sb in a small space 将某人关在狭小的空间内.

cribbage
[5kribidV; 5kribidV] (also crib) n [U] card-game for two, three or four players, in which the score is kept by putting small pegs in holes in a board 一种两人、 叁人或四人玩的纸牌游戏（用木钉插在有孔的木板上记分）. 复合： `cribbage board board for keeping the score in cribbage 玩上述纸牌戏时用来插木钉的记分板.

crick
[krik; krik] n [sing] painful stiffness, esp in the neck 痛性强直（尤指颈肌）: * to have/get a crick in one's neck/back 患颈部[背部]肌肉痛性强直. 派生： crick v [Tn] get a crick in (sth) 引起（身体某处）肌肉强直: to crick one's neck/back 引起颈部[背部]肌肉强直.

cricket
1[5krikit; 5krikit] n small brown jumping insect that makes a shrill sound by rubbing its front wings together 蟋蟀: * the chirping of crickets 蟋蟀的唧唧叫声.

cried
pt, pp of cry1.

crier
[5kraiE(r); 5krail] n = town crier (town).

cries
[ kraIz; kraIz/ 1 3rd pers sing pres t of cry1. 2 pl of cry2.

crikey
[5kraiki; 5kraiki] interj (Brit infml 口) (used to express surprise, fear, etc 用以表示惊讶、 恐惧等): * Crikey! What a big dog! 嗳呀! 好大的狗哇!

crime
[kraim; kraim] n 1 (a) [C] offence for which one may be punished by law 罪; 罪行: * commit a serious crime 犯重罪 * a minor crime like shoplifting 入店行窃之类的小罪 * convicted of crimes against humanity 被判犯有违反人性的罪行. (b) [U] such offences; law-breaking 犯罪活动; 不法行为: * an increase in crime 犯罪活动的增加 * The police prevent and detect crime. 警察的职责是防止和侦查犯罪活动. * He took to a life of crime, ie became a criminal. 他已沦为罪犯. * [attrib 作定语] crime prevention, rates 防止犯罪的措施、 犯罪率 * crime fiction, writers, novels, etc, ie dealing with crime, its detection, etc 描写犯罪活动的小说、 作家、 长篇小说等. 2 (usu 通常作 a crime) [sing] foolish or immoral act 愚蠢的行为; 缺德行为: * It's a crime to waste money like that. 那样浪费金钱是一种罪过. * It's a crime the way he bullies his children. 像他那样欺负自己的孩子真缺德. 派生： criminal[5kriminl; 5krimEnl] adj 1 [usu attrib 通常作定语] of or being crime 刑事的; 犯罪的: * criminal offences, damage, negligence, etc 刑事犯罪、 损害罪、 过失罪等. 2 [attrib 作定语] concerned with crime 关於犯罪的: * criminal law 刑法 * a criminal lawyer 刑事辩护律师. Cf 参看 civil 4. 3 disgraceful; immoral 可耻的; 不道德的: * a criminal waste of public money 浪费公款的可耻行为 * It's criminal the way she lies and cheats to get what she wants. 她用说谎和欺诈的手段来满足自己的欲望, 真可耻. n person who commits a crime or crimes 犯人; 罪犯. criminally[-nEli; -nli] adv: * criminally insane 疯狂地进行犯罪活动的.

criminology
[7krimi'nClEdVi; 7krimE'nalEdVi] n [U] scientific study of crime 犯罪学. > criminologist[-dVIst; -dVIst/ n.

crimp
[krimp; krimp] v [Tn] (a) press (cloth, paper, etc) into small folds or ridges 把（布、 纸等）压出小的摺痕或皱纹. (b) make (hair) wavy by pressing with a hot iron 把（毛发）烫成拳曲状; 烫发.

crimplene
[5krimpli:n; 5krimplin] n [U] (propr 专利名) cloth that does not crease easily, often used for dresses, shirts, etc 克林普纶（一种不易起皱的布料）.

crimson
[5krimzn; 5krimzn] adj, n [U] (of a) deep red 深红色（的）; 绯红（的）. 派生： crimson v [I, Tn] (fml 文) (cause sb/sth to) become crimson （使某人[某事物]）呈现红色; 变成深红色: crimson (ie blush) with embarrassment 因难为情而脸红. ,crimson `lake = lake2.

cringe
[krindV; krindV] v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (at/from sth) move back or lower one's body in fear; cower （因恐惧而）退缩, 蜷缩; 畏缩: * a child cringing in terror 吓得直退缩的孩子 * The dog cringed at the sight of the whip. 那只狗见到鞭子就退缩了. * (fig 比喻) I cringe with embarrassment (ie feel very embarrassed) when I reread those first stories I wrote. 我重读了我初期编写的故事, 感到十分难为情. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (to/before sb) (derog 贬) behave too humbly towards sb who is more powerful 卑躬屈膝: * She's always cringing to the boss. 她在上司面前总是卑躬屈膝.

crinkle
[5kriNkl; 5kriNkl] n wrinkle or thin crease, esp in material such as tin foil or paper, or in skin 摺痕, 皱纹（尤指锡箔或纸等材料上或皮肤上的）. 派生： crinkle v [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (up) (cause sth to) have crinkles; produce crinkles in (sth) （使某物）起皱; 使（某物）出现皱纹: crinkle the tin foil (up) by squeezing it 把锡箔压出皱纹 * the dead plant's crinkled leaves 死亡植物的皱叶. crinkly[5kriNkli; 5kriNkli] adj (-ier, -iest) (a) having crinkles 有皱纹的. (b) (of hair) having tight curls （指毛发）拳曲得很厉害的.

crinoline
[5krinElin; 5krinlin] n light framework covered with fabric, formerly worn under a long skirt to make it stand out 裙撑（为表面包上织物的轻质支架, 旧时女子用以撑起长裙）.

cripes
[kraips; kraips] interj (dated sl 旧, 俚) (used to express astonishment, etc 用以表示惊讶等): * Cripes! It just disappeared! 啊呀! 那东西不见了!

cripple
[5kripl; 5kripl] n person who is unable to walk or move properly because of disease or injury to the spine or legs 瘸子; 伤残人. 派生： cripple v [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] 1 make (sb) a cripple 使（某人）成为瘸子; 使（某人）残废: crippled by polio 因患小儿麻痹症而致残 * crippled with rheumatism 因患风湿病而瘸腿 * their crippled daughter 他们那伤残的女儿. 2 (fig 比喻) damage or weaken (sth) seriously 严重损坏或削弱（某事物）: a ship crippled by a storm 在暴风雨中受到严重损坏的船只 * The business has been crippled by losses. 这家企业因亏损而陷入困境. * The country has crippling (ie extremely large) debts. 这个国家债务极重.

crisis
[5kraisis; 5kraisis] n (pl crises[5kraisi:z; 5kraisiz] ) [C, U] time of great difficulty or danger; decisive moment in illness, life, history, etc 危机; （疾病、 生命、 历史等的）决定性时刻: * a financial, political, domestic, etc crisis 财政、 政治、 国内等危机 * come to/reach a crisis 陷入危机 * In times of crisis it's good to have a friend to turn to. 危难时好在有朋友可以投奔. * a government in crisis, ie going through a difficult period 危机中的政府 * The fever passed its crisis, ie its most dangerous point. 发烧已过了危险期. * [attrib 作定语] The Government is holding crisis talks with the unions. 政府正与工会组织举行解决危机的会谈.

crisp
[krisp; krisp] adj (-er, -est) (usu approv 通常作褒义) 1 (a) (esp of food) hard, dry and easily broken （尤指食品）脆的: * a crisp biscuit 脆饼乾 * crisp pastry, toast, etc 酥脆的糕饼、 再烤的面包片等 * The snow was crisp underfoot. 雪踩上去是脆的. (b) (esp of fruit or vegetables) firm and fresh （尤指水果、 蔬菜）脆生而新鲜的: * a crisp apple, lettuce, etc 脆生而新鲜的苹果、 生菜等. (c) (esp of paper) slightly stiff （尤指纸张）挺括的: * a crisp new 5 note 一张挺括的5英镑新钞票. 2 (of the air or the weather) dry and cold （指空气、 天气）乾冷的: * a crisp winter morning 冬天的一个乾冷的早晨 * the crisp air of an autumn day 秋日的凉爽空气. 3 (of curls in hair) tight （指毛发的拳曲状）紧的. 4 (of sb's manner, way of speaking, etc) brisk, precise and decisive （指态度、 说话方式等）乾脆的, 斩钉截铁的: * a crisp order 果断坚决的命令 * crisp speech 乾净利落的讲话 * a crisp and clear answer 乾脆明确的回答. 派生： crisp n 1 (also po,tato `crisp, US potato chip, chip) thin slice of potato, fried and dried, often flavoured and sold in packets 油炸土豆片（常以小包装出售）. =>illus at potato 见potato之插图. 2 (idm 习语) burn sth to a crisp => burn. crisp v [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) make sth crisp 使某物变脆: crisp the bread up in the oven 把面包放在烤箱里烤脆. crisply adv in a crisp(4) manner 乾脆地; 斩钉截铁地. crispness n [U]. crispy adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) = crisp adj 1a, b: crispy bacon 发脆的腌猪肉.

criss
cross

criterion
[krai'tiEriEn; krai'tiriEn] n (pl -ria[-riE; -riE] ) standard by which sth is judged （评判的）标准, 尺度: * Success in making money is not always a good criterion of success in life. 能挣钱并不一定是衡量人生幸福的可靠标准. * What are the criteria for deciding (ie How do we decide) who gets the prize? 评定获奖者以什麽作标准?

critic
[5kritik; 5kritik] n 1 person who expresses a low opinion of sb/sth, points out faults in sb/sth, etc 批评者: * I am my own severest critic. 我是个严於律己者. * She confounded her critics by breaking the record, ie They said she would not be able to do so, but she did. 她打破了纪录, 这把批评她的人弄得狼狈不堪. 2 person who evaluates and describes the quality of sth, esp works of art, literature, music, etc 评论员, 评论家（尤指对艺术、 文学、 音乐等作品）: * a music, theatre, literary, etc critic 音乐、 戏剧、 文学等评论员 * a play praised by the critics 评论家交口称誉的剧本.

critical
[5kritikl; 5kritikl] adj 1 ~ (of sb/sth) looking for faults; pointing out faults 找出毛病的; 指出缺点的; 批评的; 非难的: * a critical remark, report, etc 批评性的议论、 报道等 * The inquiry was critical of her work. 该项调查对她的工作提出了批评. * (derog 贬) Why are you always so critical? 你怎麽老是这样吹毛求疵? * (approv 褒) Try to develop a more critical attitude, instead of accepting everything at face value. 要学会对一切事物一丝不苟, 而不要注重表面现象. 2 [attrib 作定语] of the art of making judgements on literature, art, etc （文学、 艺术等）评论手法的: * In the current critical climate her work is not popular. 在当前的评论风气的影响下, 她的作品不怎麽受欢迎. * The film has received critical acclaim, ie praise from the critics. 影片得到了评论界的赞誉. 3 of or at a crisis; decisive; crucial 危机中的; 危急时刻的; 决定性的; 关键的: * We are at a critical time in our history. 我们正处於历史的紧要关头. * The patient's condition is critical, ie He is very ill and may die. 病人情况危殆. * Her help was critical (ie of great importance) during the emergency. 在紧急的情况下她的援助至为重要. 4 (idm 习语) go `critical (of a nuclear reactor) reach a state where a nuclear reaction sustains itself （指核反应堆）达到临界状态. > critically[-ikli; -ikli] adv: * speak critically of sb 非议某人 * He is critically ill. 他病得很重. 复合： ,critical `path analysis the study of a set of operations (eg in building a ship) to decide the quickest and most efficient order in which to do them 关键途径分析法（分析整体工作以制定出最快、 最有效的程序）. ,critical `temperature temperature below which a gas cannot be liquefied 临界温度.

criticism
[5kritisizEm; 5kritE7sizEm] n 1 (a) [U] looking for faults; pointing out faults 批评; 非难: * a scheme that is open to criticism 有待批评的方案 * He hates/can't take criticism, ie being criticized. 他不喜欢[不能接受]别人的批评. (b) [C] remark that points out a fault or faults 批评意见: * I have two criticisms of your plan. 我对你的计划有两条批评意见. 2 (a) [U] art of making judgements on literature, art, etc 文学、 艺术等的评论: * literary criticism 文学批评. (b) [C] such a judgement 评论文章.

criticize, criticise
[5kritisaiz; 5kritE7saiz] v 1 [I, Tn, Tn.pr, Tsg] ~ sb/sth (for sth) point out the faults of sb/sth 批评某人[某事物]; 挑剔; 非难: * Stop criticizing (my work)! 别再挑剔（我那作品）了! * He was criticized by the committee for failing to report the accident. 他由於未对事故进行汇报而受到委员会的批评. * He criticized my taking risks. 他批评了我的冒险举动. 2 [Tn] form and express a judgement on (a work of art, literature, etc) 评论（艺术、 文学等作品）: * teaching students how to criticize poetry 向学生讲授评论诗歌的方法.

critique
[kri5ti:k; kri5tik] n critical analysis 批评性的分析; 评论; 评论文章: * The book presents a critique of the Government's policies. 该书对政府的政策作出了批评性的分析.

croak
[krEuk; krok] n deep hoarse sound, like that made by a frog 深沉而嘶哑的声音; （蛙的）呱呱叫声. 派生： croak v 1 [I] (of a frog, etc) utter a croak or croaks （指蛙等）发深沉而嘶哑的声音, 呱呱叫. 2 [I, Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (out) (of a person) speak or say sth with a deep hoarse voice （指人）用低沉而嘶哑的声音说话: She could only croak because of her heavy cold. 她因患重感冒只能用沙哑的声音说话. * He croaked (out) a few words. 他低沉而沙哑地说出一些话来. 3 [I] (sl 俚) die 死亡.

crochet
[5krEuFei; - krEu'Fei; kro'Fe] n [U] (a) method of making fabric by looping thread into a pattern of connected stitches, using a hooked needle (called a crochet-hook) 钩针编织. (b) fabric made in this way 钩针编织品. 派生： crochet v (pt, pp ~ed[-Feid; -'Fed] ) [I, Tn] make (sth, eg a shawl) in this way 用钩针编织（某物, 如围巾）: * a crocheted skirt 钩针编织的裙子.

crock
1[krCk; krak] n (dated 旧) 1 [C] large earthen-ware pot or jar, eg for containing water 瓦罐, 子（如盛水用的）. 2 crocks [pl] = crockery. 3 [C usu pl 通常作复数] broken piece of earthenware 陶器碎片.

crockery
[5krCkEri; 5krakEri] n [U] (also crocks [pl]) cups, plates, dishes, etc made of baked clay 陶器, 瓦器（如杯、 盘、 碟等用黏土烧制的器皿）.

crocodile
[5krCkEdail; 5krakE7dail] n 1 large river reptile with a hard skin, a long body and tail, and very big tapering jaws, that lives in hot parts of the world α鱼. Cf 参看 alligator. 2 (Brit infml 口) long line of schoolchildren walking in pairs 两人一排成纵列行进的学童. 3 (idm 习语) `crocodile tears insincere sorrow α鱼的眼泪（假悲伤）: * She shed crocodile tears (ie pretended to be sorry) when she dismissed him from his job. 她把他解雇时, 流出了α鱼的眼泪（假装难过）.

crocus
[5krEukEs; 5krokEs] n (pl ~es[-siz; siz] ) small plant that produces yellow, purple or white flowers early in spring 番红花（一种小植物, 花黄色、 紫色或白色, 初春时开放）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page ii.

Croesus
[5kri:sEs; 5krisEs] n wealthy king in Asia Minor in the 6th century BC 克罗伊斯（公元前6世纪小亚细亚一富有的国王: * (saying 谚) as rich as Croesus, ie very rich 像克罗伊斯那样富有（非常富有）.

croft
[krCft; - krC:ft; krCft] n (Brit) 1 small farm, esp in Scotland 小农场（尤指苏格兰的）. 2 (arch 古) small enclosed field 圈起来的小块土地. 派生： crofter n person who rents or owns a small farm, esp in Scotland 小农场的佃农或主人（尤指苏格兰的）.

croissant
[5krwQsCN; krwa'san] n (French 法) crescent-shaped bun made of light flaky pastry, eaten esp at breakfast 新月形面包（一种松软的酥皮点心, 尤於早餐中食用）. =>illus at bread 见bread之插图.

cromlech
[5krCmlek; 5kramlek] (also dolmen) n prehistoric circle of large tall stones 史前时期由很高的巨石排成的圆圈.

crone
[krEun; kron] n (usu derog 通常作贬义) ugly withered old woman 乾瘪丑陋的老太婆.

crony
[5krEuni; 5kroni] n (derog 贬) close friend or companion 密友; 亲密的伙伴: * He spends every evening drinking in the pub with his cronies. 他每天晚上都跟知心朋友到酒馆喝酒.

crook
[kruk; kruk] n 1 (infml 口) person who is habitually dishonest 一贯耍花招的人; 行骗或行窃的老手: * The crooks got away with (ie The criminals stole) most of the money. 那坏蛋把那笔钱的大部分都偷走了. * That used-car salesman is a real crook. 那个卖旧汽车的商人是个地地道道的骗子. 2 bend or curve, eg in a river or path 弯曲; 弯子; （河流、 道路等的）弯曲处: * carry sth in the crook of one's arm, ie on one's arm, at the inside of the bent elbow 臂弯里挎着某物. 3 (a) long stick with a rounded hook at one end, as used in former times by shepherds for catching sheep 一端有弯钩的长棍杖（如旧时牧羊人捕羊所用的）. (b) long staff similar to this, carried ceremonially by a bishop; crosier 主教举行仪式时手持的权杖（形如牧羊人之手杖）. 4 (idm 习语) by hook or by crook => hook1. 派生： crook v [Tn] bend (esp one's finger or arm) 使（尤指手指或手臂）弯曲: She crooked her little finger as she drank her tea. 她喝茶时弯起小指头. crook adj [usu pred 通常作表语] (Austral infml 澳, 口) ill 有病: I'm feeling a bit crook. 我感到有点不适. 复合： `crook-back n, adj (arch 古) hunch-back (ed) 驼背（的）. `crook-backed adj.

crooked
[5krukid; 5krukid] adj (-er, -est) 1 not straight or level; twisted, bent or curved 歪的; 扭曲的; 弯曲的: * a crooked lane, branch, table 弯曲的小巷、 树枝; 歪斜的桌子 * a crooked smile, ie in which the mouth slopes down at one side 歪斜着嘴的一笑 * You've got your hat on crooked. 你把帽子戴歪了. 2 (infml 口) (of people or actions) dishonest; illegal （指人或行为）不老实的, 不正当的: * a crooked businessman, deal 奸商、 非法经营. > crookedly adv. crookedness n [U].

croon
[kru:n; krun] v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (to sb) hum, sing or say (sth) softly and gently 柔情地轻哼、 轻唱或低声述说（某事物）: * croon soothingly (to a child) （给孩子）低声唱歌 * croon a sentimental tune 轻哼感伤的曲调 * croon a baby to sleep 低声哼唱哄婴儿睡觉 * `What a beautiful little baby,’ she crooned. ‘多麽逗人爱的小宝贝儿啊,’她柔声细语地说. 派生： crooner n singer of the 1930's or 1940's who sang sentimental songs （二十世纪叁十或四十年代演唱感伤歌曲的）歌手.

crop
[krCp; krap] n 1 (a) [C] amount of grain, hay, fruit, etc grown in one year or season （谷物、 乾草、 水果等一年或一季的）收成, 产量: * the potato crop 马铃薯的产量 * a good crop of rice 稻谷的丰收 * a bumper (ie very large) crop 特大的丰收 * [attrib 作表语] a crop failure 歉收. (b) crops [pl] agricultural plants in the fields 农作物; 庄稼: * treat the crops with fertilizer 给农作物施肥. 2 [sing] ~ of sth group of people or quantity of things appearing or produced at the same time （同时出现或产生的）一群（人）, 一批（事物）: * this year's crop of students 本届大学生 * The programme brought quite a crop of complaints from viewers. 该节目招致观众诸多不满. 3 [C] very short hair-cut 极短的发式; 平头. 4 [C] bag-like part of a bird's throat where food is prepared for digestion before passing into the stomach 嗉子; 嗉囊. 5 [C] (also `hunting-crop) whip with a short loop instead of a lash, used by riders 猎鞭（骑手用的, 端部有小圈）. 6 (idm 习语) neck and crop => neck. 派生： crop v (-pp-) 1 [Tn, Cn.a] (a) cut short (sb's hair or an animal's ears, tail, etc) 剪短（某人的头发、 动物的耳朵或尾巴等）: with hair cropped (short) 头发剪得很短. (b) (of animals) bite the tops off and eat (grass, plants, etc) （指动物）啃吃（青草、 其他植物等）: Sheep had cropped the grass (short). 羊把草啃（短）了. 2 [I] (of plants, fields, etc) bear a crop （指植物、 田地等）收获: The beans cropped well this year. 今年豆子丰收. 3 (phr v) crop up appear or happen, esp unexpectedly 出现或发生（尤指意外地）: All sorts of difficulties cropped up. 各种各样的困难意想不到地出现了. * The subject cropped up as we talked. 我们交谈时无意中涉及到了这个问题. 复合： `crop-dusting, `crop-spraying ns [U] dusting/spraying of crops with fertilizer or insecticide, eg from low-flying aircraft 作物喷粉（如自低飞的飞机中喷撒肥料或杀虫剂）.

cropper
[5krCpE(r); 5krapl] n 1 (following adjs 用於形容词之後) plant that produces a crop of the specified kind 作物: * a good, bad, heavy, light, etc cropper 高产的、 低产的、 产量高的、 产量低的...作物. 2 (idm 习语) come a `cropper (infml 口) (a) fall over 摔倒. (b) fail 失败.

croquet
[5krEukei; - krEu'kei; kro'ke] n [U] game played on a lawn, using wooden mallets to knock wooden balls through hoops 槌球游戏（在草坪上进行, 以木槌击木球钻小圈）.

croquette
[krEu'ket; kro'ket] n ball of mashed potato, fish, etc coated with bread-crumbs and cooked in fat 炸丸子（用土豆泥、 碎鱼肉等裹以面包屑炸成的）.

crore
[krC:(r); kror] n (Indian 印度) ten million 十兆; 一千万: * a crore of rupees 一千万卢比.

crosier
(also crozier)[5krEuziE(r); - 'krEuVEr;'kroVl] n bishop's long ceremonial staff, usu shaped like a shepherd's crook （主教的）权杖.

cross
fertilize, cross-fertilise

cross1
* A mule is a cross between a horse and an ass. 骡是马和驴交配而生的杂种. (b) (fig 比喻) mixture of two different things （两种不同物的）混合物: * a play that is a cross between farce and tragedy 把闹剧和悲剧结合成 一体的戏. 5 [C] source of sorrow, worry, etc; problem 悲哀、 苦恼等的根源; 问题: * We all have our crosses to bear. 每个人都有苦难需要承受. 6 (idm 习语) cut sth on the `cross cut cloth, etc diagonally 把布等对角剪开.

crossbar
[5krCsba:(r); - 'krC:s-; 5krCs7bar] n horizontal bar, eg one joining the two upright posts of a football goal, or the front and rear ends of a bicycle frame 横 ; （足球门上的）横木; （自行车架上的）横梁. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xiii.

crossbeam
[5krCsbi:m; - 'krC:s-; 5krCs7bim] n horizontal beam between two supporting parts of a structure; girder 横梁; 大梁.

crossbow
[5krCsbEu; - 'krC:s-; 5krCs7bo] n small powerful bow mounted horizontally on a grooved support where the arrow is held and then released by pulling a trigger 十字弓, 弩（一种小型的强弓）. Cf 参看 longbow (long1).

crossing
[5krCsiN; - 'krC:s-; 5krCsiN] n 1 journey across a sea, wide river, etc （经大海、 大河等的）横越, 横渡: * a rough crossing from Dover to Calais 从多佛港到加来港之艰险的横渡. 2 place where two roads, two railways, or a road and a railway, cross 十字路口; （铁路的）交叉道口; （公路与铁路的）平交道口. Cf 参看 level crossing (level1). 3 (a) place, esp on a street, where pedestrians can cross safely 人行横道. Cf 参看 pedestrian crossing (pedestrian), pelican crossing (pelican), zebra crossing (zebra). (b) place where one crosses from one country to another （由一国至另一国的）过境处: * arrested by guards at the border crossing 在越境地点被卫兵逮捕.

crossroads
[5krCsrEudz; - 'krC:s-; 5krCs7rodz] n 1[sing v] place where two roads meet and cross 十字路口: * We came to a crossroads. 我们来到了十字路口. 2 (idm 习语) at a/the `crossroads at a decisive point in one's life, career, etc （人生、 经历等）处於关键时期, 面临重大抉择: * Our business is at the crossroads: * if this deal succeeds, our future is assured; if not, we shall be bankrupt. 我们的商号正处在紧要关头: * 倘若此番交易成功, 前途自无问题, 否则就要破产.

crosswalk
[5krCswC:k; - 'krC:s-; 5krCs7wCk] n (US) = pedestrian crossing (pedestrian).

crosswise
[5krCswaiz; - 'krC:s-; 5krCs7waiz] adj [attrib 作定语], adv 1 across, esp diagonally 贯穿的; （尤指）斜穿的: * a yellow flag with a red band going crosswise from top left to bottom right 有一道红色的条纹从左上方斜穿到右下方的黄旗. 2 in the form of a cross 贯穿地; 斜穿地.

crossword
[5krCswE:d; - 'krC:s-; 5krCs7wEd] n (also `crossword puzzle) puzzle in which words indicated by numbered clues have to be inserted vertically (clues down) and horizontally (clues across) in spaces on a chequered square 纵横字谜. =>illus 见插图.

crotch
[krCtF; kratF] (also crutch) n place where a person's legs, or trouser legs, join at the top （人体的）胯部; 裤裆.

crotchet
[5krCtFit; 5kratFit] n (US `quarter note)(music 音) note equal to half a minim 四分音符. =>illus at music 见music之插图.

crotchety
[5krCtFiti; 5kratFiti] adj (infml 口) bad-tempered 脾气坏的.

crouch
[krautF; krautF] v [I, Ip] lower the body by bending the knees, eg in fear or to hide 蹲; 蹲伏: * The cat crouched, ready to leap. 那只猫弓着身子, 准备扑过去. * I crouched behind the sofa. 我蹲在沙发後面. 派生： crouch n [sing] crouching position 蹲着的姿势: drop down into a crouch 蹲下. =>illus at kneel 见kneel之插图.

croup
1[kru:p; krup] n [U] disease of children, in which there is coughing and difficulty in breathing 格鲁布, 哮吼（儿科疾病）.

croupier
[5kru:piE; - -piEr; 5krupil] n person in charge of a gambling table, who deals out the cards,throws the dice, etc and pays out money to the winner(s)赌台上的主持人（负责发牌、 掷色子等, 并付赢者钱）.

crouton
[5kru:tCn; 5kru7tan] n (French 法) cube of toasted or fried bread, usu served with soup 烤的或炸的面包丁（通常放在汤里）.

crow
1[krEu; kro] n 1 any of various types of large black bird with a harsh cry 乌鸦. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page iv. 2 (idm 习语) as the `crow flies in a straight line 成直线. stone the crows => stone. 复合： `crow's-feet n [pl] wrinkles in the skin around the outer corner of the eye 眼角皱纹. `crow's-nest n platform fixed to the top of a ship's mast from which sb can see clearly a long way in all directions 桅顶了望台.

crowbar
[5krEuba:(r); 5kro7bar] n straight iron bar, usu with a hooked end, used as a lever to open crates, move heavy objects, etc 撬棍; 铁撬.

crowd
1[kraud; kraud] n 1 [CGp] (a) large number of people gathered together in the open 人群: * A crowd had already collected outside the embassy gates. 使馆大门外已经聚集了一群人. * He pushed his way through the crowd. 他在人群中往前挤. * Police had to break up the crowd. 警察不得不驱散人群. * [attrib 作定语] crowd control 人群控制. (b) mass of spectators; audience 观众; 听众: * The match attracted a large crowd. 那项比赛吸引了大批观众. * The crowd cheered the winning hit. 观众为那致胜的一击喝彩. 2 the crowd [sing] (derog 贬) people in general 人们: * move with the crowd, ie do as everybody else does 随大溜. 3 [CGp] (infml 口) group; company 一伙人; 一帮人: * I don't associate with that crowd. 我不跟那伙人打交道. 4 (idm 习语) crowds/a (whole) crowd (of) very many (people) 许许多多（人）: * There were crowds of people waiting to get in. 有许许多多的人在等着进去. * A whole crowd of us arrived at the party uninvited. 我们这一大批不速之客来到了聚会场所. follow the crowd => follow. 复合： `crowd-puller n (infml 口) person or thing that attracts a large audience 吸引大批观众（或听众）的人或事物.

crown
1[kraun; kraun] n 1 (a) [C] ornamental head-dress made of gold, jewels, etc worn by a king or queen on official occasions 王冠; 皇冠. (b) (the Crown or the crown) [sing] the State as represented by a king or queen as its head 王国: * land owned by the Crown 王国的土地 * a minister of the Crown 王国的大臣 * Who appears for the Crown (ie Who is prosecuting the accused person on behalf of the State) in this case? 谁在该案中代表王国政府出庭? * [attrib 作定语] Crown land, property, etc 王国政府的土地、 财产等 * a crown witness, ie for the prosecution in a criminal case 刑事案件中提起公诉一方的证人. (c) the crown [sing] the office or power of a king or queen 王位; 王权: * She refused the crown, ie refused to become queen. 她拒不接受王位. * relinquish the crown, ie abdicate 放弃王位. 2 [C] circle or wreath of flowers, leaves, etc worn on the head, esp as a sign of victory, or as a reward 花冠（用花、 叶等做的环状物, 戴在头上, 尤指象徵胜利或作为奖赏者）: * Christ's crown of thorns 基督的荆冠 * (fig 比喻) two boxers fighting it out for the world heavyweight crown, ie championship 争夺世界重量级冠军宝座的两名拳击手. 3 (usu 通常作 the crown) [sing] (a) top of the head or of a hat 头顶; 帽顶. (b) top part of anything 物之顶部: * the crown of a hill, tree 山顶; 树颠 * the crown (ie the highest part of the curved surface) of a road 弯曲路面的最高部分 * A motor cycle overtook us on the crown (ie the middle or most curved part) of the bend. 有一辆摩托车在拐弯处超过了我们. 4 [C] (a) part of the tooth that is visible outside the gum 齿冠. (b) artificial replacement for this 假齿冠. 5 [C] crown- shaped emblem or ornament, eg a crest or badge 王冠或花冠状的标记或饰物（如纹章或徽章）: * A major has a crown on the shoulder of his uniform. 一名少校在制服的肩部有个王冠形的纹章.

crown1
6 [C] former British coin worth 5 shillings (25p) 5先令（25便士）的英国旧币. 复合： ,crown `colony colony ruled directly by the British government （英国政府）直辖殖民地. ,crown `court (in England and Wales) local court in which serious criminal cases are tried （英格兰及威尔士的）地方刑事法院. Cf 参看 county court (county). ,crown `jewels crown and other regalia worn or carried by a king or queen on formal occasions （君主於正式场合穿戴的或携带的）王冠及其他象徵王权之物, 御宝. ,crown `prince prince who will become the next king 王储; 皇太子. ,crown prin`cess wife of a crown prince 储妃.

crozier
= crosier.

crucial
[5kru:Fl; 5kruFEl] adj ~ (to/for sth) very important; decisive 至关重要的; 决定性的: * a crucial decision, issue, factor 关键性的决定、 问题、 因素 * at the crucial moment 在紧要关头 * Getting this contract is crucial to the future of our company. 签订此项合同对本公司的前途至关重要. > crucially[-FEli; -FEli] adv.

crucible
[5kru:sibl; 5krusEbl] n 1 pot in which metals are melted 坩埚. 2 (fig rhet 比喻, 修辞) severe test or trial 严峻的考验: * The alliance had been forged in the crucible of war. 这个联盟经受了战争的严峻考验.

crucifix
[5kru:sifiks; 5krusE7fiks] n model of the Cross with the figure of Jesus on it 有耶稣像的十字架.

crucifixion
[7kru:si'fikFn; 7krusE'fikFEn] n [C, U] (instance of) crucifying or being crucified 钉死在十字架上: * the Crucifixion, ie of Jesus 耶稣受难像

cruciform
[5kru:sifC:m; 5krusE7fCrm] adj cross-shaped 十字形的.

crucify
[5kru:sifai; 5krusE7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn] 1 kill (sb) by nailing or tying him to a cross1(2a) 把（某人）钉死在十字架上. 2 (fig infml 比喻, 口) deal with (sb) very severely 折磨, 虐待（某人）: * The minister was crucified (ie very severely criticized) in the press for his handling of the affair. 部长对此事的处理手法受到新闻界的严厉抨击.

crud
[krQd; krQd] n (infml 口 esp US) 1 [U] slimy or sticky substance; sth dirty or unwanted 黏糊糊的脏东西; 污垢; 渣滓: * all the crud in the bottom of the saucepan 锅底部的积垢. 2 [C] (offensive 蔑) unpleasant person 讨厌的人. 派生： cruddy adj (infml 口 esp US) unpleasant 讨厌的.

crude
[kru:d; krud] adj (-r, -st) 1 [usu attrib 通常作定语] in the natural state; unrefined 天然的; 未提炼的: * crude oil, sugar, ore, etc 原油、 粗糖、 原矿. 2 (a) not well finished; not completely worked out; rough 粗陋的; 未完成的; 粗糙的: * a crude sketch, method, approximation 粗略的草图、 方法、 估计 * His paintings are rather crude, ie not skilfully done. 他画的画还不够成熟. * I made my own crude garden furniture. 我给我那园子做了一套简陋的家具. (b) not showing taste or refinement; coarse 粗俗的; 粗鲁的: * crude manners 粗鲁的举止 * He made some crude (ie sexually offensive) jokes. 他说了一些粗俗的（淫秽的）笑话. 派生： crudely adv: crudely assembled 粗略地汇集起来的 * express oneself crudely 粗略地说说自己的看法. crudity[5kru:diti; 5krudEti] n [U] 1 state or quality of being crude (2a) 粗陋; 粗糙; 欠成熟: * the crudity of his drawing 他画的画不够成熟. 2 crude(2b) behaviour, remarks, etc 粗俗或粗鲁的行为、 词语等: * I'd never met such crudity before. 我从未见过这样粗鲁的行径.

cruel
[kruEl; 5kruEl] adj (-ller, -llest) 1 (derog 贬) ~ (to sb/sth) (of people) making others suffer, esp intentionally （指人）残暴的, 残忍的, 残酷的: * a cruel boss, master, dictator, etc 残暴的老板、 主人、 独裁者等 * people oppressed by a cruel tyranny 受残酷暴政压制的人们 * Don't be cruel to animals. 不要虐待动物. 2 causing pain or suffering 使人痛苦的; 让人受难的: * a cruel blow, punishment, disease 叫人吃不消的打击、 惩罚、 疾病 * cruel (ie bad) luck 恶运 * War is cruel. 战争是残酷无情的. > cruelly[5kruEli; 5kruEli] adv: * I was cruelly deceived. 我被骗得很惨.

cruelty
[5kruElti; 5kruElti] n 1 [U] ~ (to sb/sth) readiness to cause pain or suffering to others; cruel actions 残暴; 残忍; 残酷: * his cruelty to his children 他对自己孩子的虐待 * He saw a lot of cruelty in the prison camp. 他在集中营里看到许多惨不忍睹的事. 2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] cruel act 残暴的举动: * the tyrant's infamous cruelties 该暴君可耻的凶残行径.

cruet
[5kru:it; 5kruit] n 1 small glass bottle containing oil or vinegar for use at meals （餐桌上的）调味品瓶. 2 (also `cruet-stand) stand for holding cruets and containers for salt, pepper, mustard, etc 调味品瓶架.

cruise
[kru:z; kruz] v 1 [I, Ipr, Ip] sail about, either for pleasure or, in wartime, looking for enemy ships （航船）巡游, 巡航: * a destroyer cruising about (in) the Baltic Sea 在波罗的海游弋的驱逐舰. 2 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip] (of a motor vehicle or an aircraft) travel at a moderate speed, using fuel efficiently （指机动车辆或飞行器）（以节省燃料的）中等速度行进: * cruising at 10000 ft/350 miles per hour 以每小时10000英尺[350英里]的中速航行 * a cruising speed of 50 miles per hour 每小时50英里的中等速度. (b) [I, Ipr, Ip] drive a vehicle at a moderate speed 以中等速度行驶: * Taxis cruised about, hoping to pick up late fares. 计程车以中等速度转来转去, 希望能招揽到晚归的乘客. 3 [I] (sl 俚) (esp of a homosexual) go about in public places looking for someone to have sex with （尤指同性恋者）在公共场寻找性伴侣. 派生： cruise n pleasure voyage 海上航游; 乘船游览: go on/for a cruise 作一次海上航游 * a round-the-world cruise 乘船周游世界. cruiser[5kru:zE(r); 5kruzl] n 1 large warship 巡洋舰. 2 (also `cabin-cruiser) motor boat with sleeping accommodation, etc, used for pleasure trips 机动游艇（有住宿设备等）. 复合： `cruise missile missile, usu with a nuclear warhead, that flies at low altitude and is guided by its own computer 巡航导弹.

crumb
[krQm; krQm] n 1 [C] very small piece, esp of bread, cake or biscuit, which has fallen off a larger piece 碎屑（尤指面包、 糕饼或饼乾的）: * sweep the crumbs off the table 把桌上的食品屑扫掉. 2 [U] soft inner part of a loaf of bread 面包心. 3 [C] small piece or amount 少许; 一点儿: * a few crumbs of information 点滴消息 * I failed my exam, and my only crumb of comfort (ie the only thing that consoles me) is that I can take it again. 我没考及格, 唯一可宽慰的是还能补考. 4 [C] (infml 口 esp US) contemptible person 可鄙的家伙: * You little crumb! 你这无耻小人!

crumble
[5krQmbl; 5krQmbl] v 1 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (into/to sth); ~ (sth) (up) (cause sth to) be broken or rubbed into very small pieces （将某物） 弄碎; 碎成细屑: * crumble one's bread, ie break it into crumbs 把面包弄碎 * The bricks slowly crumbled in the long frost. 砖块在长期寒冷的情况下慢慢地碎裂了. * crumbling walls, ie that are breaking apart 破裂的墙壁. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (into/to sth) (fig 比喻) gradually deteriorate or come to an end 渐渐垮掉; 走向末路: * The great empire began to crumble. 这个大帝国开始衰落了. * hopes that crumbled to dust 破灭的希望 * Their marriage is crumbling. 他们的婚姻开始出现裂痕. 3 (idm 习语) that's the way the cookie crumbles => way1. 派生： crumble n [U, C] pudding of stewed fruit with a crumbly topping of pastry, breadcrumbs, etc 酥皮水果点心: apple, rhubarb, etc crumble 苹果、 大黄等点心.

crumbly
[5krQmbli; 5krQmbli] adj (-ier, -iest) that crumbles easily 易碎的: * crumbly bread, soil, etc 易碎的面包、 土壤等.

crummy
[5krQmi; 5krQmi] adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) bad; worthless; unpleasant 糟糕的; 毫无价值的; 令人厌恶的: * a crummy little street in the worst part of town 城中最差之地段的一条邋遢的小街.

crumpet
[5krQmpit; 5krQmpit] n 1 [C] (in Britain) flat round unsweetened cake, usu toasted and eaten hot with butter （英国）烤面饼（通常涂上黄油热吃）. 2 [U] (Brit sl sexist 俚, 性别偏见) women, regarded simply as sexually desirable objects （视为性对象的）女子: * There's not much crumpet around at this party. 在这次聚会中看不到多少性感的女子. 3 (idm 习语) a bit of crumpet/fluff/skirt/stuff => bit1.

crumple
[5krQmpl; 5krQmpl] v 1 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (into sth); ~ (sth) (up) (cause sth to) be pressed or crushed into folds or creases （将某物）压皱: * material that crumples easily 容易起皱的衣料 * a crumpled (up) suit 皱皱巴巴的一套西装 * The front of the car crumpled on impact. 汽车的前部被撞瘪了. * He crumpled the paper (up) into a ball. 他把那张纸揉成一团. * (fig 比喻) The child's face crumpled up and he began to cry. 孩子脸一皱哭了起来. 2 [I, Ip] ~ (up) (fig 比喻) come suddenly to an end; collapse 垮掉; 崩溃: * Her resistance to the proposal has crumpled. 她对这个建议的抵触情绪化为乌有了.

crunch
[krQntF; krQntF] (also scrunch) v 1 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) crush sth noisily with the teeth when eating 嘎吱嘎吱地咬或嚼某物: * crunch peanuts, biscuits, etc 嚼花生、 饼乾等 * The dog was crunching a bone. 那只狗在啃一块骨头. 2 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) make a harsh grating noise （使某物）发出刺耳的碎裂声: * The frozen snow crunched under our feet. 冻结的雪在我们的脚下嘎吱作响. * The wheels crunched the gravel. 车轮碾在碎石上嘎吱嘎吱地响. 派生： crunch n 1 (also scrunch) (usu sing 通常作单数) noise made by crunching; act of crunching 碎裂声; 使发出碎裂声的动作: There was a crunch as he bit the apple. 在他咬苹果时, 发出嘎扎一响. 2 (idm 习语) if/when it comes to the `crunch; if/when the `crunch comes if/when the decisive moment comes 当关键时刻到来时: He always says he'll help, but when it comes to the crunch, he does nothing. 他口口声声说他一定帮忙, 然而事到临头他什麽也不帮. crunchy adj (-ier, -iest) (often approv 常作褒义) firm and crisp, and making a sharp sound when broken or crushed 硬而脆的; 碎裂时声音尖利的: crunchy biscuits, snow 松脆的饼乾; 沙沙作响的积雪.

crupper
[5krQpE(r); 5krQpl] n 1 leather strap fixed to a saddle or harness and looped under a horse's tail 後革酋（拴在马鞍或挽具上兜过马尾的皮带）. 2 rear part of a horse, above the back legs （马的）臀部.

crusade
[kru:'seid; kru'sed] n 1 any one of the military expeditions by the European Christian countries to recover the Holy Land from the Muslims in the Middle Ages 十字军（远征）. 2 ~ (for/against sth); ~ (to do sth) any struggle or campaign for sth believed to be good, or against sth believed to be bad （为争取好的或反对坏的事物的）斗争或运动: * a crusade against corruption 反腐化运动. 派生： crusade v [I, Ipr] ~ (for/against sth) take part in a crusade 参加十字军; 参与某种正义行动: crusading for fairer treatment of minorities 参与争取少数民族平等权利的运动. crusader n person taking part in a crusade 十字军战士; 某种正义行动的参与者.

crush
1[krQF; krQF] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] press or squeeze (sth/sb) hard so that there is breakage or injury 压（或挤）坏, 压（或挤）伤（某物[某人]）: * Don't crush the box; it has flowers in it. 别把盒子压破了, 里面有花. * Wine is made by crushing grapes. 葡萄酒是压榨葡萄制成的. * Several people were crushed to death by the falling rocks. 有几个人被落下来的岩石压死了. 2 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) break sth hard into small pieces or into powder by pressing 捣（或碾）碎某物; 把某物捣（或碾）成粉末: * Huge hammers crush (up) the rocks. 用大锤把岩石砸成了碎块. 3 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become full of creases or irregular folds （使某物）显得皱皱巴巴的: * The clothes were badly crushed in the suitcase. 衣服压在箱子里皱得不像样子了. * Some synthetic materials do not crush easily. 有些化纤衣料不易起皱. 4 [Tn] defeat (sb/sth) completely; subdue 消灭, 击溃, 镇压（某人[某事物]）; 制服: * The rebellion was crushed by government forces. 政府军已把叛乱镇压下去. * Her refusal crushed all our hopes. 她一拒绝, 我的希望就全都破灭了. * He felt completely crushed (ie humiliated) by her last remark. 他听到她最後的一番话感到深受凌辱. 5 (phr v) crush (sb/sth) into, past, through, etc sth (cause sb/sth to) move into or through a narrow space by pressing or pushing （使某人[某物]）挤入或挤过: * A large crowd crushed past (the barrier). 大群的人挤过了（障碍物）. * You can't crush twenty people into such a tiny room. 不能让二十个人挤进这样一个狭小的房间里. * The postman tried to crush the packet through the letter-box. 邮递员使劲把邮件塞进信箱里. crush sth out (of sth) remove sth by pressing or squeezing 挤出或榨出某物: * crush the juice out of oranges 榨橙子汁 * (fig 比喻) With his hands round her throat he crushed the life out of her. 他双手扼住她的喉咙把她掐死了.

crush1
派生： crushing adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] 1 overwhelming 压倒的crust /// /krQst; krQst] n 1 (a) [C, U] hard outer surface of a loaf of bread; pastry covering of a pie, tart, etc 面包皮; 糕饼等的酥皮: * a white loaf with a crisp brown crust 有焦皮的白面包 * Cut the crusts off when you make sandwiches. 做叁明治时要把焦皮切掉. =>illus at bread 见bread之插图. (b) [C] (esp rhet 尤作修辞) slice of bread, esp a thin dry one 面包片（尤指薄而乾的）: * (fig 比喻) He'd share his last crust with you, ie is very unselfish. 他就是剩下最後一片面包也会与你分享. 2 [C, U] hard surface 硬的表面: * a thin crust of ice, frozen snow, etc 薄薄的一层冰、 冻结的雪等 * the Earth's crust, ie the part nearest its surface 地壳. 3 [C, U] hard deposit on the inside of a bottle of wine, esp old port （葡萄酒的）沉淀物. 4 (idm 习语) the upper crust => upper. 派生： crust v (phr v) crust over become covered with a crust 表层变硬: The surface of the liquid gradually crusted over. 液体表面渐渐地结了一层皮. crusted adj 1 [usu pred 通常作表语] ~ (with sth) having a hardened covering; encrusted 有硬壳; 结壳: walls crusted with dirt 积满污垢的墙. 2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of port) blended from different vintages and matured in bottles （指红葡萄酒）由不同年份的葡萄酒混合装瓶使之醇和.

crustacean
[krQ'steiFn; krQs'teFEn] n any of various types of animal (eg crabs, lobsters, shrimps) that have a hard outer shell and live mostly in water; shellfish 甲壳纲动物（如蟹、 虾）; 贝类.

crusty
[5krQsti; 5krQsti] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 having or resembling a crisp crust 有（或似）脆皮的: * crusty French bread 有脆皮的法式面包 * a crusty pizza base 形成脆的硬皮的意大利烤饼的底部. 2 (infml 口) (esp of older people or their behaviour) easily angered; short-tempered （尤指上年纪的人或其行为）动辄发火的, 急性子的: * a crusty old soldier 脾气暴躁的老兵.

crutch
[krQtF; krQtF] n 1 support in the form of a pole, placed under the armpit to help a lame person to walk（病人用的）拐杖: * a pair of crutches 一副拐杖 * go about on crutches 撑着一副拐杖走来走去. =>illus 见插图. 2 (fig 比喻) person or thing that provides help or support 提供帮助或支持的人或事物: * He uses his wife as a kind of crutch because of his lack of confidence. 他缺乏自信心, 总把妻子当作主心骨. 3 = crotch.

crux
[krQks; krQks] n [sing] most vital or difficult part of a matter, an issue, etc 事情、 问题等最重要或最棘手的部分: * Now we come to the crux of the problem. 现在我们来谈问题的 结所在.

cry
1[krai; krai] v (pt, pp cried) 1 [I, Ipr, Tn no passive 不用於被动语态] ~ (for/over sth/sb); ~ (with sth) weep; shed (tears) 哭; 流（泪）: * He cried because he had hurt his knee. 他摔伤膝盖哭了起来. * cry for joy, ie because one is happy 喜极而泣 * The child was crying for (ie because he wanted) his mother. 那孩子哭着要妈妈. * cry with pain, hunger, etc 痛、 饿...得哭起来 * How many tears have I cried over (ie because of) you? 我为你流了多少眼泪呀! =>Usage 见所附用法. 2 (a) [I, Ip] ~ (out) (of people, animals, birds) make loud wordless sounds expressing fear, pain, etc （指人、 野兽、 禽鸟）大叫（表示恐惧、 疼痛等）: * The monkeys cry (out) shrilly when they see danger. 猴子遇到危险时尖声大叫. * She cried (out) in pain when her tooth was pulled out. 她拔牙时痛得叫了起来. =>Usage at shout 用法见shout. (b) [Ipr, Ip, Tn no passive 不用於被动语态] ~ (out) (for sth) call out loudly in words; exclaim 喊; 喊叫; 呼喊: * He cried (out) for mercy. 他大声求饶. * `Help, help!’ he cried. ‘救命啊, 救命啊!’他喊道. * (rhet 修辞) But what about the workers, I hear you cry, ie say. 然而工人们又如何呢, 你说说看. 3 [Tn] (dated 旧) announce (goods, etc) for sale by calling out 叫卖（商品等）: * cry one's wares 叫卖货物. 4 (idm 习语) cry one's `eyes/`heart out weep bitterly 痛哭. cry over spilt `milk express regret for sth that has happened and cannot be remedied 为已经发生而无法补救的事懊悔: * You've broken it now; it's no use crying over spilt milk! 你现在既已把它损坏了, 後悔是没有用的! cry/sob oneself to sleep => sleep1. cry `wolf say there is danger when there is none 喊狼来了; 发假警报. for ,crying out `loud (used to express protest 用以表示抗议): * For crying out loud! Why did you do that? 我的天哪! 你为什麽要干那种事? laugh till/until one cries => laugh.

cry1
5 (phr v) cry sth down say that sth is not very good, important, etc 贬低某事物: * Don't cry down her real achievements. 不要贬低她真正的成就. cry off withdraw from sth one has promised to do 取消自己的诺言; 打退堂鼓: * I said I would go, but had to cry off at the last moment. 我是说过要去的, 但事到临头却不得不改变了主意. cry out for sth demand sth; require sth 要求某事物; 需要某事物: * People are crying out for free elections. 人民要求自由选举. * This system is crying out for reform, ie urgently needs to be reformed. 这种制度亟需改革. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Compare cry, sob, weep, wail and whimper. 试比较cry、 sob、 weep、 wail、 whimper这五个词. They all indicate people expressing emotions, often with tears. 这些词均指强烈感情的表现, 常伴有眼泪. Cry has the widest use and may be the result of unhappiness, joy, etc or, especially with babies, of physical discomfort *cry使用最广, 可为出於难过、 喜悦等或因身体不适（尤指小儿）: The little boy was crying because he was lost. 那小孩因迷路而哭. * Babies cry when they are hungry. 婴儿肚子饿了就哭. Weep is more formal than cry and can suggest stronger emotions *weep比cry文雅, 可表示更为强烈的感情: The hostages wept for joy on their release. 人质获释时喜极而泣. Sob indicates crying with irregular and noisy breathing *sob意为啜泣. It is usually associated with misery 通常与伤心事有关: He sobbed for hours when his cat died. 他的猫死了, 他抽抽搭搭地哭了半天. Children whimper with fear or in complaint 儿童因害怕或抱怨而哭用whimper. *Wail indicates long noisy crying in grief or complaint *wail意为痛哭或嚎啕大哭（因悲痛或哀怨）: The mourners were wailing loudly. 送葬的人都嚎啕大哭. Note that all these verbs can be used instead of `say' to indicate a way of speaking 注意以上各词均可代替`say'使用, 表示这种说话的方式: `I've lost my daddy,’ the little boy cried/sobbed/wept/whimpered/wailed. ‘我找不到爸爸了,’小孩哭着[抽抽搭搭地/哭哭啼啼地/呜呜咽咽地/痛哭流涕地]说.

crying
[5kraiiN; 5kraiiN] adj [attrib 作定语] 1 (esp of sth bad, wrong, etc) extremely bad and shocking （尤指坏事）极糟糕的, 令人震惊的: * It's a crying shame, the way they treat their children. 他们对待子女的做法真是太不像话了. 2 great and urgent (used esp in the expression shown) 重要而紧急的（尤用於以下示例）: * a crying need 迫切的需要.

cryogenics
[7kraiE'dVeniks; 7kraiE'dVeniks] n [sing v] scientific study or use of very low temperatures 低温学. > cryogenic adj.

crypt
[kript; kript] n room beneath the floor of a church （教堂的）地下室.

cryptic
[5kriptik; 5kriptik] adj with a meaning that is hidden or not easily understood; mysterious 含有隐义的; 晦涩难懂的; 神秘的: * a cryptic remark, message, smile, etc 令人困惑的言语、 信息、 微笑等. > cryptically[-kli; -kli] adv: * `Yes and no,’ she replied cryptically. ‘又是又不是,’她神乎其神地回答说.

cryptogam
[5kriptEgAm; 5kriptE7gAm] n any flowerless plant, such as a fern, moss or fungus 隐花植物（无花植物, 如蕨类、 苔藓类或菌类）.

cryptogram
[5kriptEgrAm; 5kriptE7grAm] n message written in code 密码材料; 密码文件.

crystal
[5kristl; 5kristl] n 1 (a) [U] transparent colourless mineral, such as quartz 无色透明的矿物（如石英）; 水晶. (b) [C] piece of this, esp when used as an ornament 水晶石; （尤指）水晶饰品: * a necklace of crystals 水晶珠项链 * [attrib 作定语] a crystal bracelet, watch, etc 水晶镯子、 石英表. 2 [U] high-quality glassware, made into bowls, vases, glasses, etc 晶质玻璃制品（如碗、 瓶、 杯等）: * The dining-table shone with silver and crystal. 餐桌上摆的银制餐具和晶质玻璃器皿闪闪发光. * [attrib 作定语] a crystal vase, chandelier, etc 晶质玻璃花瓶、 吊灯等. 3 [C] (chemistry 化) regular many-sided shape which the molecules of a substance form when it is solid 结晶（体）: * sugar and salt crystals 糖和盐的结晶体 * snow and ice crystals 雪和冰的结晶体. 4 [C] (US) glass or plastic cover of the face of a watch 表蒙子. 复合： ,crystal `ball clear glass sphere in which future events can supposedly be seen 水晶球（据说可用以窥见未来情况的透明玻璃球）. ,crystal `clear 1 (of glass, water, etc) entirely clear （指玻璃、 水等）完全透明的. 2 (fig 比喻) very easy to understand; completely understood 浅近易懂的; 明明白白的: She made her meaning crystal clear. 她把她的意思解释得清清楚楚. `crystal-gazing n [U] 1 looking into a crystal ball 水晶球占卜术. 2 (fig 比喻) attempting to foretell future events 预测未来. `crystal set early type of radio set 晶体检波接收机, 矿石收音机（早期的收音机）.

crystalline
[5kristElain; 5kristl7ain] adj 1 made of or resembling crystals 水晶制的; 水晶般的: * crystalline structure, minerals, etc 晶体的结构、 矿物等. 2 (fml 文) very clear; transparent 清澈明净的; 透明的: * water of crystalline purity 清澈纯净的水.

crystallize, crystallise
[5kristElaiz; 5kristl7aiz] v 1 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) form into crystals （使某物）结晶. 2 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (into sth) (fig 比喻) (of ideas, plans, etc) become clear and definite; cause (ideas, plans, etc) to become clear and definite （指思想、 计划等）变得清晰而明确; 使（思想、 计划等）具体化: * His vague ideas crystallized into a definite plan. 他那些模糊的想法变成了一个明确的计划. * Reading your book helped crystallize my views. 我阅读你的着作有助於澄清我的思想. 派生： crystallization, -isation[7kristElai'zeiFn; - -li'z-; 5kristlE'zeFEn] n [U]. crystallized, -ised adj (esp of fruit) preserved in sugar and covered with sugar-crystals （尤指水果）蜜饯的, 有糖霜的: a box of crystallized oranges 一盒蜜饯橙饼.

CSE
[7si: es 'i:; 7si es 'i] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Certificate of Secondary Education 中学文凭: * have 4 CSEs 中学文凭考试有4科合格 * take CSE in 6 subjects 中学文凭考试中报考6门科目. Cf 参看 GCE, GCSE.

CSM
[7si: es 'em; 7si es 'em] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Company Sergeant-Major 连的军士长.

CST
[7si: es 'ti:; 7si es 'ti] abbr 缩写 = (US) Central Standard Time 中部标准时间.

ct
abbr 缩写 = (pl cts) 1 carat: an 18 ct gold ring 一只18克拉的金戒指. 2 cent: 50 cts 50分钱.

cu
abbr 缩写 = cubic: a volume of 2 cu m, ie 2 cubic metres 2立方米体积.

cub
[kQb; kQb] n 1 [C] young fox, bear, lion, tiger, etc （狐、 熊、 狮、 虎等的）幼兽. 2 (a) the Cubs [pl] junior branch of the Scout Association 幼童军: * to join the Cubs 加入幼童军. (b) Cub [C] (also `Cub Scout) member of this 幼童军成员. 3 (dated 旧) rude young man 毛头小伙子: * You cheeky young cub! 你这莽撞的毛头小伙子! 复合： `cub reporter young and inexperienced newspaper reporter 年轻缺少经验的记者.

cubby
hole

cube
[kju:b; kjub] n 1 (a) (geometry 几) solid body with six equal square sides 立方体; 立方形. =>illus 见插图. (b) six-sided piece of sth, esp food 立方形的东西（尤指 食物）: * an ice cube 冰块儿 * Cut the meat into cubes. 把肉切成一块一块的. 2 (mathematics 数) result of multiplying a number by itself twice 立方（叁次幂）: * The cube of 5 (53) is 125 (5 5 5 = 125). 5的立方（53）是125（555 = 125). =>App 5 见附录5. 派生： cube v 1 [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] (mathematics 数) multiply (a number) by itself twice 使（某数）自乘两次; 求（某数）立方: 10 cubed is 1000. 10的立方为1000. 2 [Tn] cut (food) into cubes 把（食物）切成块状. 复合： ,cube `root number which, when cubed, produces the stated number 立方根: The cube root of 64 (364) is 4 (4 4 4 = 64). 64的立方根（3cubic /// [5kju:bik; 5kjubik] adj 1 [attrib 作定语] (a) having the volume of a cube with sides of the specified length 具有立方体积的; 立方的: * a cubic metre of coal 一立方米的煤 * a car with a 2000 cc capacity, ie 2000 cubic centimetres 汽缸容量为2000立方厘米的汽车. (b) measured or expressed in cubic units 用立方单位度量或表示的: * cubic content 容量; 容积. 2 (having the shape) of a cube 立方形的: * a cubic figure 立方形.

cubical
[5kju:bikl; 5kjubikl] adj = cubic 2.

cubicle
[5kju:bikl; 5kjubikl] n small compartment made by separating off part of a larger room, eg for dressing, undressing or sleeping in （大房间中隔出的）小室.

cubism
[5kju:bizEm; 5kjubizEm] n [U] modern style of art in which objects are represented as if they are made up of geometrical shapes 立体主义; 立体派. 派生： cubist[5kju:bist; 5kjubist] adj (in the style) of cubism 立体主义的; 立体主义风格的. n cubist artist 立体派艺术家.

cuckold
[5kQkEuld; 5kQkld] n (arch usu derog 古, 通常作贬义) man whose wife has committed adultery 妻子与人通奸的人. 派生： cuckold v [Tn] (arch 古) (a) (of a man) make (another man) a cuckold by having sex with his wife （指男子）（与某人妻子通奸）使（某人）当乌龟. (b) (of a woman) make (her husband) a cuckold by having sex with another man （指女子）（与人通奸）使（丈夫）当乌龟.

cuckoo
1[5kuku:; 5kuku] n migratory bird with a call that sounds like its name, that leaves its eggs in the nests of other birds 杜鹃; 布谷; 子规; 杜宇. 复合： `cuckoo clock clock which strikes the hours with sounds like a cuckoo's call 布谷鸟自鸣钟（报时似布谷鸟的叫声）.

cucumber
[5kju:kQmbE(r); 5kjukQmbl] n 1 (a) [C, U] long green-skinned fleshy vegetable used raw in sandwiches and salads, or pickled 黄瓜: * a huge cucumber 一条大黄瓜 * Have some cucumber. 吃点黄瓜吧. *[attrib 作定语] cucumber salad, sandwiches, etc 有黄瓜的色拉、 叁明治等. =>illus at salad 见salad之插图. (b) [C] plant that produces this 黄瓜 . 2 (idm 习语) cool as a cucumber => cool1.

cud
[kQd; kQd] n 1 [U] food that cattle, etc bring back from the stomach into the mouth to chew again 反刍的食物（牛等自胃部返回口中再次咀嚼的食物）. 2 (idm 习语) chew the cud => chew.

cuddle
[5kQdl; 5kQdl] v 1 [I, Tn] hold (sb, sth, each other) close and lovingly in one's arms 搂抱（某人、 某物）; （互相）拥抱: * The lovers kissed and cuddled on the sofa. 那对恋人在沙发上又是接吻又是搂抱. * The child cuddled her doll (to her chest). 那孩子（怀里）抱着玩具娃娃. 2 (phr v) cuddle up (to/against sb/sth); cuddle up (together) lie close and comfortably; nestle 挨在一起舒适地躺着; 偎依: * She cuddled up to her mother. 她偎依着母亲. * They cuddled up (together) under the blanket. 他们盖着毯子（在一起）搂着. 派生： cuddle n [sing] act of cuddling; hug 搂抱; 拥抱: have a cuddle together 搂抱在一起. cuddlesome[-sEm; -sEm] , cuddly[5kQdli; 5kQdli] (-ier, -iest) adjs (infml 口) pleasant to cuddle 不由得想搂抱的; 可爱的: * a cuddly teddy bear 可爱的玩具熊.

cudgel
[5kQdVl; 5kQdVEl] n 1 short thick stick or club 粗而短的棍棒. 2 (idm 习语) take up the cudgels for/on behalf of sb/sth (start to) defend or support sb/sth strongly （奋起）保卫或支持某人[某事物]. > cudgel v (-ll; US also -l-) 1 [Tn] hit (sb) with a cudgel 用粗而短的棍棒打（某人）. 2 (idm 习语) cudgel one's `brains think very hard 冥思苦索; 绞尽脑汁: * Hard as I cudgelled my brains, I couldn't remember her name. 尽管我苦思苦想, 还是想不起她的名字.

cue
1[kju:; kju] n 1 ~ (for sth/to do sth) thing said or done to signal sb's turn to say or do sth, esp in a theatrical or other performance 提示, 暗示（尤指戏剧等演出中对某人起暗示作用的道白或动作）: * Actors have to learn their cues (ie the last words of the speeches just before their own speeches) as well as their own lines. 演员不仅要记住台词, 还要记住其他演员的暗示. * When I nod my head, that's your cue to interrupt the meeting. 我一点头, 就是暗示你把会议中断. * (fig 比喻) And they all lived happily ever afterwards which sounds like the cue (ie an appropriate moment) for a song. 从此以後他们全都过上了幸福的生活--这句话听起来像是舞台提示, 说完就开始唱歌. 2 example of how to behave, what to do, etc （行为、 行动等的）榜样: * take one's cue from sb, ie be guided by the way sb does sth 照某人的样子去做 * Follow her cue, and one day you'll be a great scholar. 你以她为榜样, 总有一天会成为博学之士. 3 (idm 习语) (right) on cue at exactly the appropriate or expected moment 就在这时候: * He said she would be back very soon and, right on cue, she walked in. 他说她很快就回来, 说着说着, 她走进来了. 派生： cue v (pres p cueing) [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sb (in) give a cue to sb (to do sth) 提示, 暗示某人（做某事）: I'll cue you in (ie give you a signal to start) by nodding my head. 我一点头, 你就开始.

cuff
1[kQf; kQf] n 1 [C] end of a coat or shirt sleeve at the wrist 袖口: * frayed cuffs 磨破的袖口. =>illus at jacket 见jacket之插图. 2 (US) = turn-up (turn1). 3 cuffs [pl] (sl 俚) handcuffs 手铐. 4 (idm 习语) ,off the `cuff without previous thought or preparation 未经思考; 未经准备: * make a remark off the cuff 即席发言 * [attrib 作定语] an ,off-the-cuff `joke, `remark, etc 随口而出的笑话、 言语等. 复合： `cuff-link n (usu pl 通常作复数) one of a pair of fasteners for shirt cuffs （衬衫的）袖扣: a pair of cuff-links 一对袖扣.

cuirass
[kwi'rs; kwi'rAs] n piece of armour protecting the upper body, consisting of a breastplate and back-plate fastened together （由胸甲和背甲两部分合成的）上半身铠甲.

cuisine
[kwi'zi:n; kwi'zin] n [U] (French 法) (style of) cooking 烹饪（风味）: * French, Italian, etc cuisine 法国、 意大利菜 * a restaurant where the cuisine is excellent 饭菜精美的餐馆.

cul
de-sac

culinary
[5kQlinEri; - -neri; 5kjulE7neri] adj of or for cooking 烹饪的; 烹饪用的: * culinary skill, implements 烹饪技术、 用具 * a culinary triumph, ie a very well cooked dish or meal 精心烹调的美味.

cull
[kQl; kQl] v 1 [Tn] (a) kill (a certain number of usu weaker animals) in a herd, in order to reduce its size 杀掉（一定数量的通常为体弱的动物）以减少兽群总数; 剔除: * Deer are culled by hunters. 猎人把鹿杀掉了一批. (b) reduce (the herd) in this way 用有选择地杀掉一部分的方法减少（牧群的数量）: * The herd must be culled. 必须有选择地杀掉部分牧畜. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) select or obtain sth from various different sources 从各个不同的方面挑选出或获得某事物: * information culled from various reference books 从各种参考书中摘出的资料. 派生： cull n 1 [C] act of culling 剔除; 挑选: an annual seal cull 一年一度对体弱海豹的杀戮. 2 [sing] animal(s) culled 剔出来杀掉的动物: sell the cull as meat 出售被剔出来杀掉的动物以供食用.

cullender
= colander.

culminate
[5kQlmineit; 5kQlmE7net] v [Ipr] ~ in sth (fml 文) have the specified final conclusion or result 终於获得某种结局或结果: * a long struggle that culminated in success 终於取得胜利的长期斗争 * Her career culminated in her appointment as director. 她一生事业的顶峰是当上了董事. * a series of border clashes which culminated in full-scale war 导致全面战争的一连串的边界冲突事件. 派生： culmination[7kQlmi'neiFn; 7kQlmE'neFEn] n [sing] eventual conclusion or result 结局; 结果: * the successful culmination of a long campaign 一场持久战的胜利结束.

culottes
[kju:'lCts; kju'lats] n [pl] women's wide shorts that look like a skirt （女用的）裙裤: * a pair of culottes 一条裙裤.

culpable
[5kQlpEbl; 5kQlpEbl] adj ~ (for sth) deserving blame; blameworthy 应受责备的; 难辞其咎的: * I cannot be held culpable (for their mistakes). 不能（把他们的错误）归咎於我. * (law 律) culpable negligence, ie failure to do what one should do 应受惩罚的玩忽行为. > culpability[7kQlpE'bilEti; 7kQlpE'bilEti] n [U]. culpably[5kQlpEbli; 5kQlpEbli] adv.

culprit
[5kQlprit; 5kQlprit] n person who has done sth wrong; offender 犯过者; 犯罪者: * Someone broke a cup: * who was the culprit? 有人把杯子打碎了, 是谁干的? * Police are searching for the culprits. 警方正在搜捕罪犯.

cult
[kQlt; kQlt] n 1 system of religious worship, esp one that is expressed in rituals 宗教的膜拜; （尤指）膜拜仪式: * the mysterious nature-worship cults of these ancient peoples 这些先民向大自然的神秘膜拜仪式. 2 ~ (of sb/sth) (often derog 常作贬义) devotion to or admiration of sb/sth 狂热的献身或崇拜: * the cult of physical fitness 对身体健美的狂热追求 * a personality cult, ie admiration of a person rather than of what he does or the office he holds 个人崇拜. 3 popular fashion or craze 时尚; 一时的狂热: * the current pop music cult 流行音乐的热潮 * [attrib 作定语] a `cult word, ie one used because it is fashionable among members of a particular (usu small) group 时髦用词 * an artist with a cult following, ie who is admired by such a group 有狂热追随者的艺术家.

cultivable
[5kQltivEbl; 5kQltEvEbl] adj that can be cultivated 可耕的; 可种植的; 可培养的: * cultivable soil, land, etc 可耕的土壤、 土地等.

cultivate
[5kQltiveit; 5kQltE7vet] v [Tn] 1 (a) prepare and use (land, soil, etc) for growing crops 耕（地等）; 耕作. (b) grow (crops) 种植（庄稼）. 2 (a) make (the mind, feelings, etc) more educated and refined 陶冶（思想、 感情等）: * reading the best authors in an attempt to cultivate her mind 她为陶冶情操而阅读最优秀作家的作品. (b) (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) (try to) acquire or develop (a relationship, an attitude, etc) （力求）建立或发展（某种关系）、 采取（某种态度）: * cultivating the friendship of influential people 巴结有权势的人 * cultivate an air of indifference 采取无动於衷的态度. (c) (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) (try to) win the friendship or support of (sb) （力求）获得（某人）的友谊或支持: * You must cultivate people who can help you in business. 你得结交在业务上对你有用的人. 派生： cultivated adj (of people, manners, etc) having or showing good taste and refinement （指人、 态度等）趣味高雅的, 有修养的. cultivation[7kQlti'veiFn; 7kQltE'veFEn] n [U] cultivating (cultivate 1) or being cultivated 耕作; 耕种: * the cultivation of the soil 耕作 * land that is under cultivation, ie is being cultivated 耕种的土地 * bring land into cultivation 开垦荒地. cultivator[5kQltiveitE(r); 5kQltE7vetl] n 1 machine for breaking up soil, destroying weeds, etc 耕耘机. 2 person who cultivates (cultivate 1) 耕种者.

cultural
[5kQltFErEl; 5kQltFErEl] adj of or involving culture 文化的; 与文化有关的: * cultural differences, activities, etc 文化的差异、 活动等 * cultural studies, eg of art, literature, etc 人文学科（如艺术、 文学等） * a cultural desert, ie a place with few cultural activities 文化沙漠. > culturally[-rEli; -rEli] adv.

culture
[5kQltFE(r); 5kQltFl] n 1 [U] (a) refined understanding and appreciation of art, literature, etc 文化（对於文艺等的深刻的了解和鉴赏）: * a society without much culture 文化不发达的社会 * She is a woman of considerable culture. 她是个文化修养很高的女子. * Universities should be centres of culture. 大学应该是文化的中心. (b) (often derog 常作贬义) art, literature, etc collectively 文化（文学、 艺术等的总称）: * tourists coming to Venice in search of culture 前来威尼斯附庸风雅的游客. 2 [U] state of intellectual development of a society 文化（一个社会智力发展的状况）: * twentieth-century mass culture 二十世纪的大众文化 * a period of high/low culture 文化高[低]的时期. 3 [U, C] particular form of intellectual expression, eg in art and literature 文化（智力表现的形式, 如体现於文艺方面）: * We owe much to Greek culture. 我们得益於希腊文化之处甚多. * She has studied the cultures of Oriental countries. 她研究过东方各国的文化. 4 [U, C] customs, arts, social institutions, etc of a particular group or people 文化（某群体或民族的风俗、 人文现象、 社会惯例等）: * the culture of the Eskimos 爱斯基摩人的文化 * working-class culture 工人阶级的文化. 5 [U] development through training, exercise, treatment, etc 锻炼; 训练; 修养: * physical culture, ie developing one's muscles and fitness by doing exercises 体育 * The culture of the mind is vital. 修心养性是极其重要的. 6 [U] growing of plants or rearing of certain types of animal (eg bees, silkworms, etc) to obtain a crop or improve the species （植物的）栽培; （动物, 如蜂、 蚕等, 良种的）培育: * bulb culture, ie the growing of flowers from bulbs 鳞茎植物的栽培. 7 [C] (biology 生) group of bacteria grown for medical or scientific study 培养的细菌: * a culture of cholera germs 培养出的霍乱菌.

culture1
派生： cultured adj (of people) appreciating art, literature, etc; refined; cultivated （指人）懂文学、 艺术等的, 有教养的, 文雅的. 复合： `cultured pearl pearl formed by an oyster into which a piece of grit has been placed 养殖珍珠. `culture shock confusion and disorientation caused by contact with a civilization other than one's own 文化冲击. `culture vulture (infml, joc or derog 口, 谑或贬) person eager to acquire culture 贪求文化的人.

culvert
[5kQlvEt; 5kQlvlt] n drain that crosses beneath a road, railway, etc; underground channel for electrical cables （公路、 铁路等的）涵洞; 地下电缆道.

cum
[kQm; kQm] prep (used to link two ns 用以联结两个名词) also used as; as well as 兼作; 和: * a bedroom-cum-sitting-room 卧室、 客厅两用房间 * a barman-cum-waiter 酒吧（男）服务员兼招待员.

cumbersome
[5kQmbEsEm; 5kQmblsEm] adj 1 heavy and difficult to carry, wear, etc （对於携带、 穿戴等）笨重的: * a cumbersome parcel, overcoat 沉重的包裹、 大衣. 2 slow and inefficient 迟缓而缺乏效率的: * the university's cumbersome administrative procedures 这所大学拖拖拉拉的行政工作.

cumin
[5kQmin; 5kQmin] n [U] (plant with) pleasant-smelling seeds used for flavouring 欧莳萝; 小茴香; 欧莳萝子; 小茴香子（气味芳香, 用作调味品）.

cummerbund
[5kQmEbQnd; 5kQml7bQnd] n sash worn around the waist, esp under a dinner-jacket 腰带（尤指男子穿晚礼服时用的）.

cumulative
[5kju:mjulEtiv; - -leitiv; 5kjumjE7letiv] adj gradually increasing in amount, force, etc by one addition after another （数量、 力量等）渐增的, 累积的: * the cumulative effect of several illnesses 几种疾病日积月累造成的影响. > cumulatively adv.

cumulus
[5kju:mjulEs; 5kjumjElEs] n (pl -li[-lai; -7lai] ) [U, C] cloud formed of rounded masses heaped on a flat base 积云.

cuneiform
[5kju:nifC:m; - kju:'niEfC:rm; kju'niE7fCrm] adj wedge-shaped 楔形的: * cuneiform characters, ie as used in old Persian or Assyrian writing 楔形文字（如古代波斯文或亚述文所用的）.

cunnilingus
[7kQni'liNgEs; 7kQnE'liNgEs] n [U] stimulation of a woman's outer sexual organs with the mouth or tongue 舐阴（用口或舌刺激女性外生殖器之性行为）: * perform cunnilingus on sb 对某人作舐阴举动.

cunning
[5kQniN; 5kQniN] adj 1 (a) clever at deceiving people 善於骗人的: * a cunning liar, spy, cheat, etc 诡计多端的说谎者、 间谍、 骗子等 * He's a cunning old fox. 他是诡计多端的老狐狸. (b) showing this kind of cleverness 狡猾的; 诡诈的: * a cunning smile, trick, plot, etc 狡猾的微笑、 行骗手段、 计谋等. 2 ingenious 灵巧的; 巧妙的: * a cunning device for cracking nuts 打开坚果用的巧妙器械. 3 (US) attractive; cute 有吸引力的; 可爱的: * a cunning baby, kitten, etc 逗人爱的婴儿、 小猫等. 派生： cunning n [U] cunning behaviour or quality 欺诈行为; 狡猾: When he couldn't get what he wanted openly and honestly, he resorted to low cunning. 他用光明正大的方法得不到的东西, 就采取卑鄙的欺诈手段. cunningly adv: cunningly concealed 狡猾地加以掩盖的.

cunt
[kQnt; kQnt] n ( offensive 讳, 蔑) 1 (sl 俚) (a) vagina ; 阴道. (b) outer female sexual organs 女性外生殖器. 2 (derog sl 贬, 俚) unpleasant person 讨厌的人: * You stupid cunt! 你这笨蛋!

cup
1[kQp; kQp] n 1 [C] small bowl-shaped container, usu with a handle, for drinking tea, coffee, etc from; its contents; the amount it will hold 杯子; 杯中之物; 一杯之量: * a `teacup * a ,cup and `saucer 一套杯碟 * a,cup of `coffee 一杯咖啡 * a paper cup 纸杯 * She drank a whole cup of milk. 她喝了满满一杯牛奶. * Use two cups of flour for the cake, ie as a measure in cooking. 用两杯面粉做蛋糕（用作烹饪的量器）. * (fig rhet 比喻, 修辞) My cup (of joy) is full/overflowing, ie I am extremely happy. 我快乐极了. =>illus 见插图. 2 [C] (a) vessel, usu of gold or silver, awarded as a prize in a competition 奖杯: * teams competing for the World Cup, eg in football 争夺世界杯的球队（如足球赛中） * He's won several cups for shooting. 他曾多次荣获射击比赛的奖杯. (b) such a competition 优胜杯赛; 锦标赛: * We got knocked out of the Cup in the first round. 我们在锦标赛的第一轮比赛中就被淘汰了. 3 [C] = chalice. 4 [C] thing shaped like a deep narrow bowl 杯形物: * an `egg-cup 蛋杯 * the cup in which an acorn grows 长橡果的壳斗 * the cups of a bra 胸罩的罩杯 * She wears a `D cup, ie size of bra. 她戴罩杯尺寸为D的胸罩. 5 [U] drink made from wine, cider, etc with other flavourings added （由葡萄酒、 苹果酒等加其他调料制成的）混合饮料: * `claret-cup 红葡萄酒混合饮料 * `cider-cup 苹果酒混合饮料. 6 (idm 习语) (not) sb's cup of `tea (infml 口) (not) what sb likes, is interested in, etc （非）某人所喜爱、 所关注等的: * Skiing isn't really my cup of tea. 滑雪不算是我的嗜好. in one's `cups (dated fml 旧, 文) drunk 喝醉的. there's many a slip 'twixt cup and lip => slip1.` 派生： cupful[5kQpful; 5kQp7ful] n amount that a cup will hold 一杯的容量. 复合： ,cup `final (usu 通常作 Cup Final) final match to decide the winner of a knock-out competition, esp in football 优胜杯决赛（尤指足球）.

cup1
`cup-tie n match between teams competing for a cup, esp in football 优胜杯淘汰赛（尤指足球）.

cupboard
[5kQbEd; 5kQbld] n 1 set of shelves with a door or doors in front, either built into the wall of a room or as a separate piece of furniture, used for storing food, clothes, dishes, etc （放食物、 衣物、 碗碟等的）柜橱: * a ,kitchen `cupboard 厨房用的橱柜 * an `airing cupboard, ie for airing clothes 烘柜（用以烘乾衣物） * (fig 比喻) They ask for more funds, but the cupboard is bare, ie there is no money to give them. 他们要求提供更多的资金, 然而我们已囊空如洗. * [attrib 作定语] not enough cupboard space 橱柜里放不下. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xvi. 2 (idm 习语) `cupboard love affection that is shown, esp by a child, in order to gain sth by it （为获得某事物）讨人喜欢（尤指小孩）: * It's only cupboard love; he wants some sweets! 别看他那麽讨人喜欢, 他要吃糖! a skeleton in the cupboard => skeleton.

Cupid
[5kju:pid; 5kjupid] n 1 the Roman god of love 丘比特（罗马神话中的爱神）. 2 cupid [C] (picture or statue of a) beautiful boy with wings and a bow and arrow, representing love （生有双翼, 手持弓矢, 视为爱的化身的）美男孩（的画像或塑像）; 丘比特像.

cupidity
[kju:'pidEti; kju'pidEti] n [U] (fml 文) greed, esp for money or possessions 贪婪; （尤指）贪财物.

cupola
[5kju:pElE; 5kjupElE] n (a) small dome forming (part of) a roof 圆屋顶. (b) ceiling of this 穹顶天花板.

cuppa
[5kQpE; 5kQpE] n (Brit infml 口) cup of tea 一杯茶: * Shall we have a cuppa? 咱们喝杯茶好吗?

cupro
nickel

cur
[kE:(r); kE] n (dated 旧) 1 vicious or bad-tempered dog, esp a mongrel 恶犬（尤指杂种狗）. 2 (fig 比喻) cowardly or worthless man 胆小鬼; 不中用的家伙: * You treacherous cur! 你这个背信弃义的家伙!

curable
[5kjuErEbl; 5kjurEbl] adj that can be cured 可治愈的: * Some types of cancer are curable. 有些癌症是可以治愈的. > curability[7kjuErE'bilEti; 7kjurE'bilEti] n [U].

curacao
(also curacoa)[7kjuErE'sEu; - -'sau;7kjurE'sau] n [U] liqueur flavoured with the peel of bitter oranges 库拉索酒（一种用苦橙皮调味的甜酒）.

curacy
[5kjuErEsi; 5kjurEsi] n curate's job or position; holding of such a job or position 助理牧师的职务或职位; 助理牧师的身分: * a curacy at a church in Oxford 牛津一座教堂中的助理牧师职位 * during his curacy 在他担任助理牧师期间.

curate
[5kjuErEt; 5kjurit] n 1 (in the Church of England) clergyman who helps a parish priest （英国国教会的）助理牧师. Cf 参看 vicar. 2 (idm 习语) a curate's `egg (Brit usu derog 通常作贬义) thing with both good and bad aspects 瑕瑜互见之物.

curative
[5kjuErEtiv; 5kjurEtiv] adj helping to, able to or intended to cure illness, etc 有助於治疗的; 有疗效的; 以治病等为目的的: * the curative properties of a herb 药草的治疗性能.

curator
[kjuE'reitE(r); - also 'kjuErEtEr; kju'retl] n person in charge of a museum, an art gallery, etc （博物馆、 美术馆等的）馆长.

curb
[kE:b; kEb] n 1 ~ (on sth) thing that restrains or controls 起约束或控制作用的事物: * put/keep a curb on one's anger, feelings, etc 抑制怒火、 感情等 * government curbs on spending 政府对开支的限制. 2 strap or chain passing under a horse's jaw, used to restrain the horse 马勒, 马嚼子（横放在马嘴里的皮带或铁链, 用以驾御马匹）. 3 (esp US) = kerb. 派生： curb v [Tn] 1 prevent (sth) from getting out of control; restrain 防止（某事物）失控; 约束: curb one's anger, feelings, etc 抑制怒火、 感情等 * curb spending, waste, etc 限制开支、 浪费等. 2 control (a horse) by means of a curb 勒住（马）.

curd
[kE:d; kEd] n 1 (usu 通常作 curds [pl]) thick soft substance formed when milk turns sour, used to make cheese 凝乳（牛奶发酵而形成的稠而软的物质, 可制奶酪）: * ,curds and `whey 凝乳和乳清 * [attrib 作定语] curd `cheese 凝乳制的乾酪. 2 [U] (in compounds 用以构成复合词) substance made to look like curds 做成凝乳状的物质: * ,lemon-`curd, ie made from eggs, butter and sugar, flavoured with lemon, and used like jam * soya-`bean curd.

curdle
[5kE:dl; 5kEdl] v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) form into curds （使某物）结成凝乳: * The milk has curdled, ie become sour. 牛奶凝结了（变酸了）. * Lemon juice curdles milk. 柠檬汁可使牛奶结成凝乳. * (fig 比喻) a scream which was enough to curdle one's blood/make one's blood curdle, ie fill one with horror 让人心惊胆战的尖叫声.

cure
1[kjuE(r); kjur] v 1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (of sth) make sb healthy again 治愈某人: * The doctors cured her of cancer. 医生治好了她的癌症. (b) [Tn] provide a successful remedy for (an illness, etc) 治好（疾病等）: * This illness cannot be cured easily. 这种病不好治. 2 (a) [Tn] (fig 比喻) find a solution to (sth); put an end to 解决（某事物）; 了结: * Ministers hoped that import controls might cure the economy's serious inflation. 部长们希望实行进口控制或可抑止经济上严重的通货膨胀. (b)[Tn.pr] ~ sb of sth (fig 比喻) stop sb from behaving unpleasantly, harmfully, etc 矫正某人的不良行为: * That nasty shock cured him of his inquisitiveness for ever. 那一沉重教训根除了他凡事爱打听的毛病. 3 [Tn] treat(meat, fish, tobacco, etc) by salting it, smoking it, drying it, etc in order to keep it in good condition （用腌、 熏、 烤等方法）加工处理（肉、 鱼、 烟草等）: * well-cured bacon 精制的熏猪肉. 4 (idm 习语) kill or cure => kill.

curfew
[5kE:fju:; 5kEfju] n signal or time after which people must stay indoors until the next day 宵禁: * an 11 o'clock curfew 从11点钟起宵禁 * impose a curfew, eg under martial law 实行宵禁（如根据戒严法） * lift/end a curfew 解除宵禁 * Don't go out after curfew. 宵禁时不要外出.

curio
[5kjuEriEu; 5kjuri7o] n (pl ~s) small object that is quite rare or unusual 小件的珍奇物品: * his valuable collection of curios 他 集的贵重珍品.

curiosity
[7kjuEri5CsEti; 7kjuri5asEti] n 1 [U] ~ (about sth/to do sth) being curious(1a); inquisitiveness 好奇心; 爱打听的癖性: * curiosity about distant lands 对於遥远国家的好奇心 * her burning curiosity to know what's going on 她想知道发生了何事的强烈欲望 * He gave in to curiosity and opened the letter addressed to his sister. 他抑制不住好奇心, 拆开了别人写给他妹妹的信. 2 [C] strange or unusual thing or person; strange or rare object 稀奇或罕见的事物或人; 奇物; 珍品: * She is so eccentric that she is regarded as a bit of a curiosity. 她非常古怪, 算是个奇人. 3 (idm 习语) curiosity killed the `cat (saying 谚) (said to sb to stop him being too inquisitive 谓某人不可过於好奇的用语).

curious
[5kjuEriEs; 5kjuriEs] adj 1 ~ (about sth/to do sth) (a) (approv 褒) eager to know or learn 富於好奇心的; 有求知欲的; 感兴趣的: * curious about the origin of mankind/the structure of atoms 对人类的起源[原子的结 构]有兴趣的 * I'm curious to know what she said. 我真想知道她说了什麽. * He is a curious boy who is always asking questions. 他是个有求知欲的孩子, 老是问这问那. (b) (derog 贬) having or showing too much interest in the affairs of others 对别人的事情过分感兴趣的; 爱管闲事的: * curious neighbours 爱打听别人闲事的邻居 * She's always so curious about my work. 她总爱打听我的工作. * Hide it where curious eyes won't see it. 把它藏在好事者看不见的地方. * Don't be so curious! 别这麽好奇! 2 strange; unusual 奇特的; 不寻常的: * She looks rather curious with green hair. 她头发是绿的, 样子有点古怪. * What a curious thing to say. 说的多麽离奇. * Isn't he a curious-looking little man? 他长得怎麽那麽怪呀? * It's curious that he didn't tell you. 他没有告诉你, 实在反常. > curiously adv: * She was there all day but, curiously, I didn't see her. 她一整天都在那里, 然而奇怪的是, 我却没有看见她.

curl
1[kE:l; kEl] n 1 [C] thing, esp a small bunch of hair, that curves round and round like a spiral or the thread of a screw 卷状物; 螺旋状物; （尤指）一绺鬈发: * curls (of hair) falling over her shoulder 垂在她肩上的鬈发 * hair falling in curls over her shoulders 呈卷状垂於她两肩的头发 * the little boy's golden curls, ie curly hair 这小男孩的金色鬈发 * a curl of smoke rising from a cigarette 从香烟上面缭绕升起的一缕烟 * `Of course not,’ he said, with a curl of his lip, ie expressing scorn. ‘当然不是,’ 他嘴一撇（表示鄙夷）地说. 2 [U] plant disease in which the leaves curl up （植物的）卷叶病. 派生： curly adj (-ier, -iest) curling; full of curls 拳曲的; 曲曲弯弯的: curly hair 鬈发 * a curly pattern 线条曲曲弯弯的图样 * a ,curly-headed `girl 有一头鬈发的姑娘. =>illus at hair 见hair之插图.

curlew
[5kE:lju:; 5kElju] n water bird with a long thin beak that curves downwards 杓鹬（一种滨鸟, 喙长而下弯）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page v.

curling
[5kE:liN; 5kEliN] n [U] game played on ice, esp in Scotland, with heavy flat round stones which are slid along the ice towards a mark 冰上溜石游戏（将圆底石片滑向一目标, 尤风行於苏格兰）.

curmudgeon
[kE:'mQdVEn; kl'mQdVEn] n (dated 旧) bad-tempered person 脾气不好的人. > curmudgeonlyadj: * a curmudgeonly person, act 暴戾的人、 行为.

currant
[5kQrEnt; 5kEEnt] n 1 small sweet dried seedless grape used in cookery 无子葡萄乾: * [attrib 作定语] a currant bun 葡萄乾小圆面包. 2 (usu in compounds 通常用以构成复合词) (cultivated bush with) small black, red or white fruit growing in clusters 茶 子; 醋栗; 醋栗树: * blackcurrants * redcurrants.

currency
[5kQrEnsi; 5kEEnsi] n 1 [C, U] money system in use in a country 通货; 货币: * gold/paper currency 金[纸]币 * trading in foreign currencies 以外汇为支付手段的贸易 * decimal currency 十进制货币 * a strong currency 强通货 * [attrib 作定语] a currency crisis, deal, etc 货币的危机、 交易等. 2 [U] (state of being in) common or general use (used esp with the vs shown) 流通, 通用, 流行（尤与以下动词连用）: * ideas which had enjoyed a brief currency (ie were briefly popular) during the eighteenth century 在十八世纪风行一时的观点 * The rumour soon gained currency, ie became widespread. 谣言很快传开了. * Newspaper stories gave currency to this scandal, ie spread it. 报刊所作的报道使这丑闻广为传布.

current
1[5kQrEnt; 5kEEnt] adj 1 [usu attrib 通常作定语] of the present time; happening now 现在的; 现行的; 当前发生的: * current issues, problems, prices 目前的议题、 问题、 价格 * the current issue of a magazine 最新一期的杂志 * the current year, ie this year 今年 * current events in India 印度的要闻 * her current boy-friend 她现在的男朋友. 2 in common or general use; generally accepted 通用的; 通行的; 被普遍接受的: * current opinions, beliefs, etc 普遍的看法、 信仰等 * words that are no longer current 已不通用的词 * a rumour that is current (ie widely known) in the city 在城里广为传播的谣言. =>Usage at new 用法见new. 派生： currently adv at the present time 当前; 时下: our director, who is currently in London 本公司的董事, 现在伦敦. 复合： ,current ac`count (esp Brit) (US checking account) bank account from which money can be drawn without previous notice 活期存款账户. Cf 参看 deposit account (deposit2), savings account (saving). ,current af`fairs events of political importance happening in the world at the present time 时事. ,current `assets (commerce 商) assets which change in the course of business (eg money owed) 流动资产. Cf 参看 fixed assets (fix1).

curriculum
[kE'rikjulEm; kE'rikjElEm] n (pl ~s or -la[-lE; -lE] ) subjects included in a course of study or taught at a particular school, college, etc （全部的）课程: * Is German on your school's curriculum? 你们学校有德语课吗? Cf 参看 syllabus. 复合： curriculum vitae/kE7rikjulEm 'vi:tai; kE7rikjElEm'vitai] (abbr 缩写 cv) (US also resume) brief account of sb's previous career, usu sumitted with an application for a job （个的）简历, 履历.

curry
1[5kQri; 5kEi] n [C, U] dish of meat, fish, vegetables, etc cooked with certain hot-tasting spices, usu served with rice 用咖喱烹调的菜: * a chicken, beef, etc curry 一道咖喱鸡、 牛肉等 * eat too much curry 吃过多用咖喱烹调的菜. 派生： curried adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] cooked with certain hot-tasting spices 用咖喱烹调的: curried chicken, beef, etc 咖喱鸡、 牛肉等. 复合： ,curry powder mixture of turmeric, cumin and other spices ground to a powder and used to make curry 咖喱粉.

curse
1[kE:s; kEs] n 1 [C] impolite or obscene word or words used to express violent anger 咒骂语: * angrily muttering curses 愤怒地低声咒骂. 2 [sing] word or words spoken with the aim of punishing, injuring or destroying sb/sth 咒; 咒语: * The witch put a curse on him, ie used a curse against him. 女巫念咒诅咒他. * be under a curse, ie suffer as a result of a curse 遭受诅咒 * lift a curse, ie cancel it 解除咒语. 3 [C] cause of evil, harm, destruction, etc 祸根; 祸由: * the curse of inflation 通货膨胀的祸害 * Gambling is often a curse. 赌博往往是个祸根. * His wealth proved a curse to him. 他的财富到头来害了他. 4 the curse [sing] (dated infml 旧, 口) menstruation 月经; 行经: * I've got the curse today. 我今天来月经了.

cursive
[5kE:siv; 5kEsiv] adj (of handwriting) with letters rounded and joined together （指书法）草书的, 草体的.

cursor
[5kE:sE(r); 5kEsl] n (computing 计) movable dot on a VDU screen that indicates a particular position 光标.

cursory
[5kE:sEri; 5kEsEri] adj (often derog 常作贬义) done quickly and not thoroughly; (too) hurried 粗略的; 草率的; 仓促的: * a cursory glance, look, inspection, etc 匆匆的一瞥、 粗略的一看、 草草的检查等 * He put aside the papers after a cursory study. 他把文件稍一过目就放到一边了. > cursorily[5kE:sErEli; 5kEsErEli] adv.

curt
[kE:t; kEt] adj (derog 贬) (of a speaker, his manner, what he says) rudely brief; abrupt （指说话者、 态度、 话语）简单粗暴的, 唐突无礼的: * a curt answer, rebuke, etc 唐突无礼的回答、 责难等 * He's rather curt when he's angry. 他生气时不免有些失礼. * I was a little curt with him, ie spoke sharply to him. 我有点冒犯了他（言语尖刻）. > curtly adv. curtness n [U].

curtail
[kE:'teil; kE'tel] v [Tn] make (sth) shorter or less; reduce 缩短, 减少（某事物）; 削减: * curtail a speech, one's holidays 缩短讲话、 假期 * We must try to curtail our spending. 我们必须尽力缩减开支. * Illness has curtailed her sporting activities. 她因病而减少了体育活动. 派生： curtailment n [C, U] (act of) curtailing 缩短; 减少; 削减.

curtain
[5kE:tn; 5kEtn] n 1 [C] (a) (US drape) piece of material hung to cover a window, and usu movable sideways 窗 : * draw the curtains, ie pull them across the window(s) 把窗 拉上 * lace curtains 花边窗 . (b) similar piece of material hung up as a screen 作屏幕用的 子: * Pull the curtains round the patient's bed. 把病床周围的床帷拉上. * a shower curtain 浴 . 2 [sing] (a) screen of heavy material that can be raised or lowered at the front of a stage （舞台的）幕: * The curtain rises/goes up, ie The play/act begins. 幕启（演出开始）. * The curtain falls/comes down, ie The play/act ends. 幕落（演出结束）. * (fig 比喻) The curtain has fallen on her long and distinguished career, ie Her career has ended. 她那漫长而成就斐然的生涯已告结束. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page ix. (b) (fig 比喻) raising or lowering of such a curtain 开幕或闭幕: * Tonight's curtain is at 7. 30, ie the play begins at 7. 30. 今晚的演出七点半开始. * After the final curtain (ie After the play had ended) we went backstage. 演出结束後我们到後台去了. 3 [C esp sing 尤作单数] (fig 比喻) thing that screens, covers, protects, etc 掩蔽物; 覆盖物; 防护物: * a curtain of fog, mist, etc 一层雾幕、 薄雾等 * A curtain of rain swept over the valley. 瓢泼大雨冲刷着这个谷地. * the curtain of secrecy that hides the Government's intentions 掩盖政府意图的烟幕. 4 curtains [pl] ~s (for sb/sth) (infml 口) hopeless situation; the end 绝望的处境; 完蛋: * When I saw he had a gun, I knew it was curtains for me. 我一见到他拿着枪, 就知道这下子我算完了. 5 (idm 习语) ring up/down the curtain => ring2. 派生： curtain v 1 [Tn] provide (a window, an alcove, etc) with a curtain or curtains 给（窗户、 凹室等）装上 子: curtained windows 挂窗 的窗户 * enough material to curtain all the rooms 够给所有的房间装上窗 的布料.

curtain1
2 (phr v) curtain sth off separate or divide sth with a curtain or curtains 把某物用 幕隔开: curtain off part of a room 把房间的一部分用布幔分隔开. 复合： `curtain-call n actor's appearance in front of the curtain at the end of a play to receive applause 谢幕: The performers took (ie made) their curtain-call. 演出人员出场谢幕. ,curtain-raiser n ~ (to sth) (a) short piece performed before the main play 序幕（正剧演出前的短剧）. (b) thing that precedes a similar but larger or more important event 序幕, 前奏（重大事件的开端）: border incidents that were curtain-raisers to a full-scale war 引发一场全面战争的边境事件.

curtsey
(also curtsy)[5kE:tsi; 5kEtsi] n bend of the knees with one foot in front of the other, performed by women as a sign of respect, eg to a monarch （女子行的）屈膝礼: * make/drop/bob a curtsey (to sb) （向某人）行屈膝礼. 派生： curtsey (also curtsy) v (pt, pp curtseyed, curtsied) [I, Ipr] ~ (to sb) make a curtsey 行屈膝礼: curtsey to the Queen 向女王行屈膝礼.

curvaceous
[kE:'veiFEs; kE'veFEs] adj (esp sexist 尤含性别偏见) (of a woman) having an attractively rounded figure （指女子）标致丰腴的.

curvature
[5kE:vEtFE(r); - -tFuEr; 5kEvE7tFur] n [U] curved form; curving 弯曲形状; 弯曲: * the curvature of the earth's surface 地球表面的曲度 * to suffer from curvature of the spine 患脊柱弯曲症.

curve
[kE:v; kEv] n 1 line of which no part is straight and which changes direction without angles 曲线; 弧线: * a curve on a graph 图表上的曲线. 2 thing shaped like this 曲线状物; 弯曲物: * a curve in the road 道路的弯曲处 * a pattern full of curves and angles 满是曲线和尖角的图案 * her attractive curves, ie pleasantly rounded figure 她那富於曲线美的身段. 派生： curve v 1 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) form a curve （使某物）成曲线形: The road curved suddenly to the left. 那条路突然向左转弯. * a knife with a curved blade 刀身弯曲的小刀. 2 [Ipr, Ip] move in a curve 沿曲线移动: The spear curved through the air. 标枪在空中沿曲线运动. curvy adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) 1 curving; curved 弯曲的; 弧状的: curvy lines 曲线. 2 curvaceous 有曲线美的.

cushion
[5kuFn; 5kuFEn] n 1 small bag filled with soft material, feathers, etc, used to make a seat more comfortable, to kneel on, etc （坐、 跪等时用的）软垫, 靠垫, 垫子. 2 mass of sth soft 柔软如垫之物: * a cushion of moss on the rock 岩石上的一层青苔 * A hovercraft rides on a cushion of air. 气垫船悬浮在气垫上行驶. * a `pin-cushion 针插 * (fig 比喻) The three goals we scored in the first half give us a useful cushion (ie protect us) against defeat. 我们在上半场比赛中射进的叁个球可以使我们稳操胜券. 3 soft bouncy lining of the inside edges of a snooker or billiard table, from which balls rebound （台球台内侧边缘的）弹性衬里. =>illus at snooker 见snooker之插图. 派生： cushion v 1 [Tn] soften (sth) by absorbing the effect of impact 对（某事物）起缓冲作用: Powerful shock absorbers cushion our landing. 有效的减震装置缓解了我们着陆时的冲撞力. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (against/from sth) (fig 比喻) protect sb/sth (from sth harmful), sometimes excessively 保护某人[某事物]（有时过分）: a child who has been cushioned from unpleasant experiences 备受关怀而生活得无忧无虑的孩 子 * Wage increases have cushioned us from the effects of higher prices. 工资提高後减轻了物价上涨对我们的影响.

cushy
[5kuFi; 5kuFi] adj (-ier, -iest) (infml often derog 口, 常作贬义) 1 (esp of a job) not requiring much effort （尤指工作）轻松的, 不费劲的: * Her job's so cushy: * she does next to nothing and earns a fortune. 她的工作真轻松: * 几乎无所事事却能挣大钱. * It's a cushy life for the rich. 有钱人日子过得很舒服. 2 (idm 习语) a cushy `number (infml 口) job or situation in life that is pleasant, easy and undemanding 愉快、 轻松又不费心劳神的工作或生活状况: * He's got himself a very cushy little number. 他弄到了一份美差.

cusp
[kQsp; kQsp] n pointed end where two curves meet （两弧线相交所形成的）尖端: * the cusp of a crescent/a leaf 月牙[叶子]的尖端.

cuss
[kQs; kQs] n (infml 口) 1 curse 诅咒. 2 (preceded by an adj 用於形容词之後) person 人; 家伙: * He's an awkward/queer old cuss. 他是个笨手笨脚的[古里古怪的]家伙. 3 (idm 习语) not give a `cuss/`damn(about sb/sth) be completely unworried 一点不在乎.

cussed
[5kQsid; 5kQsid] adj (infml derog 口, 贬) (of people) unwilling to agree or co-operate; obstinate; contrary (3)（指人）执拗的, 固执的, 好作对的: * She's so cussed she always does the opposite of what you ask. 她这人真是牛脾气, 总是与你的要求背道而驰. > cussedly adv. cussedness n [U] (fig 比喻): * It rained, with the usual cussedness of the English weather. 天不作美, 英国的天气往往专门与人作对.

custard
[5kQstEd; 5kQstld] n [U] sweet sauce, typically yellow, eaten with fruit, pastry, etc as a dessert, and made from flavoured cornflour mixed with sugar and milk 蛋奶沙司（一种甜食, 与水果、 糕饼等一同食用）: * apple pie and custard 苹果馅饼加蛋奶沙司. custard `pie flat round mass of soft wet or foamy matter, like a pie, which performers throw at each other in slapstick comedy 蛋奶糕饼（松软或黏稠的圆饼, 在闹剧中演员常用以掷打对方）.

custodial
[kQ'stEudiEl; kQs'todiEl] adj (law 律) involving imprisonment 监禁的; 拘留的: * a custodial sentence 予以监禁的判决.

custodian
[kQ'stEudiEn; kQs'todiEn] n person who takes care of or looks after sth 看管人; 监护人: * a self-appointed custodian of public morals 自封的公共道德的卫道士.

custody
[5kQstEdi; 5kQstEdi] n [U] 1 (right or duty of) taking care of sb/sth 监管、 监护（的权利或责任）: * leave one's valuables in safe custody, eg in a bank 将贵重物品妥善保管（如於银行中） * When his parents died, he was placed in the custody of his aunt. 他的父母去世以後, 他就交由姑妈照管. * The court gave the mother custody of the child, eg after a divorce. 法庭把孩子判给母亲照管（如在离婚以後）. * parents involved in a battle over custody, ie disputing who should have the right to look after the children 为孩子的监护权而争得不可开交的父母. 2 imprisonment while awaiting trial 拘留; 羁押: * The magistrate remanded him in custody for two weeks. 法官命令把他拘留两星期. * be held in custody 被拘留 * take sb into custody, ie arrest him 将某人拘捕.

custom
1[5kQstEm; 5kQstEm] n 1 (a) [C, U] usual, generally accepted and long-established way of behaving or doing things 习俗; 风俗: * It is difficult to get used to another country's customs. 要适应另一国家的风俗习惯是很困难的. * the customs of the Eskimos 爱斯基摩人的风俗 * a slave to custom, ie sb who does what most people do and have always done 习俗的奴隶 * procedures laid down by ancient custom 依照古老的习俗制定的程序. (b) [C] thing that sb habitually does; practice 个人的习惯: * It is my custom to rise early. 早起是我的习惯. 2 [U] regular purchases from a tradesman, shop, etc 经常向某商人、 商店等购物: * We would like to have your custom, ie would like you to buy our goods. 我们欢迎您经常惠顾. * We've lost a lot of custom since our prices went up, ie Fewer goods have been bought from us. 自从提价以後, 我们失去了许多顾客的生意. * I shall withdraw my custom (ie stop buying goods) from that shop. 我不再去那家商店买东西了.

customary
[5kQstEmEri; - -meri; 5kQstEm7eri] adj according to custom; usual 合乎习俗的; 依照习俗的; 习惯上的: * Is it customary to tip waiters in your country? 在贵国依照惯例是否应该付给服务员小费? * She gave the customary speech of thanks to the chairman. 她照例向主席致感谢辞. > customarily[5kQstEmErEli; - 7kQstE'merEli; 5kQstEm7erEli] adv.

customer
[5kQstEmE(r); 5kQstEml] n 1 person who buys sth from a tradesman, shop, etc 顾客; 主顾: * one of the shop's best customers 该店最好的顾客之一. 2 (infml 口) (preceded by an adj 用於形容词之後) person 人; 家伙: * a queer, awkward, rum, tough, etc customer 古怪的、 难对付的、 不好惹的、 倔头倔脑的...家伙 * an ugly customer 面目可憎的家伙 * a cool customer, eg one who remains calm in a crisis 冷汉子（如临危镇静的人）.

cut
1[kQt; kQt] v (-tt-; pt, pp cut) 1 [Ipr, Tn] make an opening, slit or wound in (sth) with a sharp-edged tool, (eg a knife or a pair of scissors) 切; 割; 剪; 砍: * You need a powerful saw to cut through metal. 切割金属需用强劲的锯. * He cut himself/his face shaving. 他刮胡须时割破了脸. * She cut her finger on a piece of broken glass. 她被一块碎玻璃划伤了手指. * cut sb's throat, ie kill sb with a deep wound in the throat 割断某人咽喉. 2 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (from sth); ~ sth (for sb) remove sth (from sth larger) using a knife, etc （用刀等自较大物体上）切下、 割下、 剪下或砍下某物: * cut some flowers 剪下一些花朵 * How many slices of bread shall I cut (ie from the loaf) ? 我该切多少片面包? * She cut a slice of beef from the joint. 她从大块的牛肉上切下一片来. * Please cut me a piece of cake/cut a piece of cake for me. 请给我切块蛋糕. * Cut yourself some pineapple. 你自己切点菠萝吃吧. * Cut some pineapple for your sister. 给你姐姐切几片菠萝吧. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (in/into sth) divide sth (into smaller pieces) with a knife, etc （用刀等）把某物切割成小块: * Will you cut the cake? 请你切蛋糕好吗? * If you cut the bread (ie into slices) we'll make some toast. 你要是把面包切成片, 我们就烤点儿面包片. * She cut the meat into cubes. 她把肉切成小块儿. * cut apples into halves, thirds, quarters, etc 把苹果切成两半、 叁瓣、 四瓣等 * The bus was cut in half/in two by the train. 公共汽车被火车撞成两截. (c) [Tn] separate (sth) into two pieces; divide （把某物）一分为二; 分割: * cut a rope, cable, thread, etc 割断绳子、 缆索、 线等 * Don't cut the string, untie the knots. 别剪断绳子, 把结解开. * The Minister cut the tape to open a new section of the motorway. 部长为一段新高速公路的竣工剪彩. (d) [Tn, Cn.a] shorten (sth) by cutting; trim 剪短（某物）; 修剪:

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* cut one's hair, one's nails, a hedge 剪头发、 指甲、 树篱 * cut (ie mow) the grass 刈草 * He has had his hair cut (short). 他理发了. (e) [Tn, Tn.pr] make or form (sth) by removing material with a cutting tool 切成, 剪成, 挖成, 刻成（某物）: * cut a diamond 雕琢 钻石 * The climbers cut steps in the ice. 登山者在冰上凿出踏脚处. * cut a hole in a piece of paper 在纸上挖个洞 * cut one's initials on a tree 在树上刻自己姓名的首字母. =>Usage 见所附用法. 3 [I] (a) be capable of being cut 可被切、 剪等: * Sandstone cuts easily. 砂岩容易切割. (b) be capable of cutting 可用以切、 剪等: * This knife won't cut. 这把刀不快. 4 [Tn] cause physical or mental pain to (sb) 使（某人）感到疼痛或痛苦: * His cruel remarks cut her deeply. 他那些无情的话伤透了她的心. 5 [Tn] harvest (a crop) 收割（庄稼）: * The wheat has been cut. 小麦已经收割. 6 [Tn] (of a line) cross (another line) （指直线）（与另一直线）相交: * Let the point where AB cuts CD be called E. 设AB线与CD线的相交点为E. * The line cuts the circle at two points. 一直线与圆相交於两点. 7 [I, Tn] lift and turn up part of (a pack of playing-cards) in order to decide who is to deal, play first, etc 切牌（从一副纸牌中拿起一部分翻转过来以决定由谁发牌、 谁先出牌等）: * Let's cut for dealer. 咱们切牌决定由谁发牌吧. * cut the cards/pack 切牌. 8 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] reduce (sth) by removing a part of it 削减（某事物）: * cut prices, taxes, spending, production 削价、 减税、 紧缩开支、 减少产量 * His salary has been cut (by ten per cent). 他的薪水减少了（百分之十）. * The new bus service cuts the travelling time by half. 新的公共汽车交通服务使运行时间减少了一半. * Could you cut your essay from 10000 to 5000 words? 请把你的那篇文章从10000字删减到5000字行吗? (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth

cut2
(from sth) remove sth (from sth); leave out or omit sth 删除, 删节（某物）: * Two scenes were cut by the censor. 有两个镜头被审查员剪掉了. (c) [Tn] (infml 口) stop (sth) 停止（某事）: * Cut the chatter and get on with your work! 别唠唠叨叨了, 继续工作吧! 9 (a) [Tn] prepare (a film or tape) by removing or rearranging parts of it; edit 剪辑（影片或磁带）; 编辑. (b) [I] (usu imperative 通常用於祈使句) stop filming or recording 停止拍片或录音、 录像: * The director shouted `Cut!’ 导演喊了一声洧停!傀 (c) [Ipr] ~ (from sth) to sth (in films, radio or television) move quickly from one scene to another （电影、 电视）转换画面; （无线电）瞬间转换: * The scene cuts from the shop to the street. 镜头从商店转换到街道. 10 [Tn] switch off (a light, car engine, etc) 关上（电灯、 汽车发动机等）. 11 [Tn] (infml 口) stay away from (sth) deliberately; not attend 不出席; 不到场: * cut a class, lecture, tutorial, etc 旷课、 不听讲座、 不上辅导课. 12 [Tn] (infml 口) refuse to recognize (sb) 不认, 不理睬（某人）: * She cut me (dead) in the street the other day. 几天前她在街上竟把我视若路人. 13 [I, Tn] (in cricket) hit (the ball) in the direction one is facing with the bat held horizontally （板球）切击（横握球板向正面方向击球）: * He cut the ball to the boundary. 他把球切击到边线. 14 [Tn] have (a new tooth) beginning to appear through the gum 开始长（新牙）. 15 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) (esp US) make sth less pure; dilute or weaken sth 往某物中搀入杂质; 将某物冲淡或稀释: * cut whisky with water 往威士忌酒里搀些水. 16 [Tn] record music on (a gramophone record) 灌制（唱片）: * The Beatles cut their first disc in 1962. 披头士乐队於1962年灌了第一张唱片. 17 (idm 习语) cut and `run (sl 俚) make a quick or sudden escape 急忙逃走. (For other idioms containing cut, see entries for the ns, adjs, etc 与cut搭配的其他习语见有关名词、 形容语等的词条, 如 cut corners => corner; cut it/things fine => fine3. )

cut3
18 (phr v) cut across sth not correspond to (the usual divisions between groups) 与（通常的分类）不符: * Opinion on this issue cuts across traditional political boundaries. 人们对这问题的看法, 超越了他们沿袭至今的政治界线. cut across, along, through, etc (sth) go across, etc (sth), esp in order to shorten one's route 穿过（某地）（尤指抄近路）: * I usually cut across/through the park on my way home. 我在回家途中通常抄近路穿过公园. cut at sb/sth try to sever, open or wound sb/sth with a knife, etc 试图用刀等截断、 破开或伤害某人[某事物]: His attacker cut at him with a razor. 袭击者用剃刀去割他. * She cut at the rope in an attempt to free herself. 她割绳索以求脱身. cut sth away (from sth) remove sth (from sth) by cutting （自某物上）切除, 剪去, 破掉某物: They cut away all the dead branches from the tree. 他们把树上的枯枝通通砍掉了. cut sth back shorten (a bush, shrub, etc) by cutting off shoots and branches close to the stem; prune sth 修剪（矮树、 灌木等）; 给某树剪枝: cut back a rose bush 给玫瑰树剪枝. cut sth back; cut back (on sth) reduce sth considerably 大量削减某事物: If we don't sell more goods, we'll have to cut back (on) production. 我们若不能增加货物的销售量, 就必须大幅度降低产量. Cf 参看 cut-back. cut sb `down (fml 文) (a) kill or injure sb by striking him with a sword or some other sharp weapon （用刀剑等锐利武器）杀死或杀伤某人. (b) (usu passive 通常用於被动语态) kill sb 杀死某人; 夺去某人生命: He was cut down by pneumonia at an early age. 他年纪轻轻的就被肺炎夺去了生命. cut sth down (a) cause sth to fall down by cutting it at the base （自基础部分）砍倒: cut down a tree 砍倒一棵树. (b) reduce the length of sth; shorten sth 缩短某物; 删减某物: cut down a pair of trousers 把裤子改短 * Your article's too long -- please cut it down to 1000 words. 你的文章太长--请把它删减到1000字. cut sth down; cut down (on sth) reduce the amount or quantity of sth; consume, use or buy less (of sth) 减少某事物的数额或数量; 减少消耗, 少用或少买（某物）: cut down one's expenses 减少开支

cut4
* The doctor told him to cut down his consumption of fat. 医生建议他减少脂肪的摄取量. * I won't have a cigarette, thanks -- I'm trying to cut down (on them), ie smoke fewer. 谢谢, 我不抽烟--我正在尽量少抽. cut sb down (to sth) persuade sb to reduce a price 说服某人降低价格: He was asking 400 for the car, but we cut him down to ￡350. 这辆汽车他要价400英镑, 但是我们把价杀到350英镑. cut sb/sth from sth remove sb/sth from a larger object by cutting 将某人[某物]从一较大物体中分出: cut a branch from a tree 砍下树枝 * The injured driver was cut from the wreckage of his car. 把汽车残骸破开才救出了受伤的司机. cut `in (on sb/sth) (of a vehicle or driver) move suddenly in front of another vehicle, leaving little space between the two vehicles （指车辆或司机）超车抢道: The lorry overtook me and then cut in (on me). 那辆卡车超越我的车後, 突然插入我前方的位置. cut in (on sb/sth); cut into sth interrupt sb/sth 打断、 打搅某人[某事物]: She kept cutting in on/cutting into our conversation. 我们谈话时她老是插嘴. cut sb in (on sth) (infml 口) give sb a share of the profit (in a business or an activity) 让某人分享利润: cut sb in on a deal 让某人入伙做生意. cut sb `off (a) (often passive 常用於被动语态) interrupt sb speaking on the telephone by breaking the connection 切断电话线路使某人通话中断: We were cut off in the middle of our conversation. 我们正交谈时, 线路被切断了. * `Operator, I've just been cut off.’ ‘话务员, 线路断了.’ (b) leave sb nothing in one's will; disinherit sb 剥夺某人的继承权: He cut his son off without a penny. 他完全剥夺了儿子的继承权. (c) (usu passive 通常用於被动语态) cause sb to die sooner than is normal 夭折: a young man cut off in his prime 英年早逝的年轻人. cut sb/sth off (often passive 常用於被动语态) stop the supply of sth to sb 停止向某人供应某物: If you don't pay your gas bill soon you may be cut off. 你若不立即付清煤气费, 就要停止向你供气.

cut5
* Our water supply has been cut off. 我们断水了. * Her father cut off (ie stopped paying) her allowance. 她父亲不再给她零用钱了. cut sth off block or obstruct sth 阻碍或阻断某事物: cut off the enemy's retreat 切断敌人的退路 * cut off an escape route 堵住逃跑的道路 * The fence cuts off our view of the sea. 篱笆挡住了我们观望大海的视线. cut sth off (sth) remove sth (from sth larger) by cutting 切下; 割下; 剪下; 砍下: Mind you don't cut your fingers off! 小心别切断了手指头! * King Charles I had his head cut off. 英王查理一世遭斩首. * He cut off a metre of cloth from the roll. 他从那卷布上剪下一米. * The winner cut ten seconds off (eg ran the distance ten seconds quicker than) the world record. 获胜者比世界记录快十秒. cut sb/sth off (from sb/sth) (often passive 常用於被动语态) prevent sb/sth from leaving or reaching a place or communicating with people outside a place 切断某人[某事物]的去路或来路; 使某人[某事物]与外界隔绝: an army cut off from its base 与基地失去联络的军队 * The children were cut off (eg stranded on a rock) by the incoming tide. 涨潮把孩子们困住了（如困在岩石上）. * The village was cut off (from the outside world) by heavy snow for a month. 村庄被大雪封住（而不能与外界联系）达一个月. * She feels very cut off (ie isolated) living in the country. 她生活在乡间感到很闭塞. cut sth open open sth by cutting 切开或破开某物: She fell and cut her head open, ie suffered a deep wound to the head. 她摔倒了, 撞破了脑袋. cut `out stop functioning 不再起作用: One of the aircraft's engines cut out. 飞机的一个发动机失灵了. cut sth out (a) make sth by cutting 切成、 剪成、 砍出或开辟出某事物: cut out a path through the jungle 在丛林中开辟出一条小路 * (fig 比喻) He's cut out a niche (ie found a suitable job) for himself in politics. 他已跻身於政界.

cut6
(b) cut the shapes of different parts of (a garment) from a piece of material 裁剪（衣服）: cut out a dress 裁剪一件连衣裙. (c) (infml 口) (esp imperative 尤用於祈使句) stop doing or saying (sth annoying) 不再做（恼人的事）; 不再说（恼人的话）: I'm sick of you two squabbling just cut it out! 你们两个吵来吵去真烦人--快打住吧! (d) (infml 口) leave sth out; omit sth 去掉或省略某事物: You can cut out the unimportant details. 你可以删掉不重要的细节. (e) (infml 口) stop doing, using or consuming sth 停止做某事; 停止使用或消耗某物: cut out sweets in order to lose weight 为了减轻体重而戒食糖果. cut sth out (of sth) (a) remove sth (from sth larger) by cutting 切去, 剪下或砍掉某物: cut an article out of the newspaper 把报上的一篇文章剪下来. be cut out for sth; be cut out to be sth (infml 口) have the qualities and abilities needed for sth; (of two people) be well matched 有（做）某事所需要的素质和才能; （指两人）相当, 相配: He's not cut out for teaching/to be a teacher. 他不是当教师的材料. * Sally and Michael seem to be cut out for each other. 萨莉和迈克尔看起来很相配. cut sth through sth make a path or passage through sth by cutting 开出一条路: The prisoners cut their way through the barbed wire and escaped. 囚犯们从铁丝网中开出一条路逃跑了. cut sb up (a) (infml 口) injure sb with cuts and bruises 割伤, 挫伤某人: He was badly cut up in the fight. 他在斗殴中被打得遍体鳞伤. (b) destroy sb 毁掉某人: cut up the enemy's forces 摧毁敌军. (c) (infml 口) (usu passive 通常用於被动语态) cause sb to be emotionally upset 使某人伤心: He was badly cut up by the death of his son. 他因儿子死了极为悲伤. cut sth up divide sth into small pieces with a knife, etc 用刀等把某物分成小块; 切碎; 剪碎: cut up vegetables 把蔬菜切碎. 复合： `cutaway n drawing or model of a house, machine, etc with the front part absent to show what is inside （房屋、 机器等的）剖面图, 剖面模型: [attrib 作定语] a cutaway model/diagram 剖面模型[图].

cut7
`cut-back n reduction 减少: cut-backs in public spending 削减公共费用. ,cut `glass glass with patterns cut in it 雕花玻璃: [attrib 作定语] a ,cut-glass `vase 雕花玻璃的花瓶. `cut-off n 1 point at which sth is ended; limit 截止点; 界限: [attrib 作定语] reach the cut-off point 达到截止点. 2 device for stopping a flow of water, electricity, etc （水流、 电流等的）截断装置, 断流器. `cut-out n 1 shape (to be) cut out of paper or cardboard 用纸或硬纸板剪的图形: a cardboard cut-out 硬纸板剪的图样. 2 device that switches off or breaks an electric circuit 断流器, 保险装置（用以切断电路）. ,cut-`price (US ,cut-`rate) adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] (a) sold at a reduced price 减价出售的: ,cut-price `goods 削价商品 * I bought it cut-price. 我买的是廉价货. (b) selling goods at reduced prices 卖削价商品的: a ,cut-price `store 卖削价商品的商店. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Compare cut, saw, chop, hack, slash and tear. 试比较cut、 saw、 chop、 hack、 slash、 tear这几个词. Notice that they are used with a variety of prepositions and particles. 注意这些词总是与各类介词及小品词连用. Cut has the widest use and indicates making an opening in something or removing a part of something with a (usually) sharp instrument or object *cut使用最广, 意为用（通常指）利器破开某物或除去某物之一部分: She cut her finger on some broken glass. 她被碎玻璃划破了手指. * He cut the advertisement out of the newspaper. 他把那广告从报纸上剪了下来. We saw wood by cutting it with a saw and chop it by cutting it with an axe 用锯锯木头为saw, 用斧子劈木头为chop: We can saw off any dead branches and chop them for firewood. 我们可以把枯枝锯掉劈成柴. Hack suggests hitting something with violent cutting blows, usually in order to destroy or remove it completely *hack指劈或砍某物, 通常旨在将其彻底毁坏或清除: The explorers hacked (away) at the undergrowth to make a path. 勘探人员披荆斩棘开辟道路.

cut8
* Developers have destroyed the landscape by hacking down all the trees. 土地开发商把树都砍掉了, 破坏了风景. Slash indicates damaging or injuring somebody or something with long swinging cuts of a knife or sword *slash指挥动刀剑猛砍或猛劈某人或某物: The football hooligans had slashed some of the seats in the train. 足球迷中的流氓用刀砍坏了列车上的一些座位. We tear things by pulling them apart with our hands 用手把东西扯破为tear: Can I tear this article out of the newspaper? 我可以把这篇文章从报纸上撕下来吗? * She tore up his letter in anger. 她愤怒地撕毁了他的信.

cute
[kju:t; kjut] adj (-r, -st) (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) 1 attractive; pretty and charming 有吸引力的; 漂亮的; 逗人喜爱的: * Isn't she a cute baby? 她是多麽逗人喜爱的婴儿啊! * unbearably cute paintings of little furry animals 那些画着毛绒绒的小动物的图画, 艳丽得俗不可耐. 2 (infml 口 esp US) sharp-witted; clever 机灵的; 聪明的: * It was cute of you to spot that. 你能把那个挑出来真是精得很. * I have had enough of your cute remarks. 你那些高论我已经听腻了. * Don't be so cute! 别那麽 ! > cutely adv. cuteness n [U].

cuticle
[5kju:tikl; 5kjutikl] n skin at the base of a finger-nail or toe-nail （手指甲或脚趾甲根部的）外皮. =>illus at hand 见hand之插图.

cutlass
[5kQtlEs; 5kQtlEs] n short sword with a slightly curved blade, used formerly by sailors （刀身略弯的）短刀（旧时水手用的）. =>illus at sword 见sword之插图.

cutler
[5kQtlE(r); 5kQtll] n person who makes, sells or repairs knives and other cutting tools （制造或修理刀具的）刀匠, 卖刀人, 刀剪商. 派生： cutlery[5kQtlEri; 5kQtlEri] n [U] knives, forks and spoons used for eating and serving food （刀、 叉、 匙等）餐具: * [attrib 作定语] a cutlery box, set, etc 餐具盒、 一套餐具.

cutlet
[5kQtlit; 5kQtlit] n 1 thick slice of meat or fish typically cooked by frying or grilling 厚肉片, 厚鱼片（尤指经过煎炸或炙烤的）: * a lamb, veal, salmon, etc cutlet 羊肉、 牛肉、 鱼...片. 2 minced meat or other food shaped to look like a cutlet （肉末或其他食物做成像肉片的）薄饼: * a nut cutlet 坚果饼.

cutpurse
[5kQtpE:s; 5kQt7pEs] n (arch 古) pickpocket 扒手.

cutter
[5kQtE(r); 5kQtl] n 1 (a) person or thing that cuts 切割者; 切削工人; 裁剪者; 切割工具; 裁剪工具: * a tailor's `cutter, ie who cuts out cloth 成衣店的剪裁师 * a ci`gar cutter, ie a small tool for cutting the end off cigars 雪茄切头器（用以切开雪茄烟前端者）. (b) cutters [pl] (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) cutting tool 切割工具: * `wire-cutters * `bolt-cutters. 2 (a) sailing-boat with one mast 独桅帆船. (b) ship's boat, used for trips between ship and shore （附属於大船, 用以穿行於大船和海岸之间的）小艇.

cutthroat
[5kQtWrEut; 5kQt7Wrot] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] ruthless; intense 凶残的; 极度的; 剧烈的: * cutthroat competition, business practices 你死我活的竞争、 残酷无情的商业手段. 复合： ,cutthroat `razor razor consisting of a long blade attached to a handle （有手柄而刀身长的）剃刀, 刮脸刀.

cutting
1[5kQtiN; 5kQtiN] n 1 (US clipping) article, story, etc cut from a newspaper, etc and kept for reference 剪报; 剪辑资料. 2 piece cut off a plant to be used to grow a new plant 插枝, 插条（从植物上截取供扦插的枝条）: * chrysanthemum cuttings 菊花插枝 * take a cutting (from a rose) （从玫瑰树上）剪枝以供扦插. 3 (also cut) unroofed passage dug through high ground for a road, railway or canal （在高地上挖的）路基或河床. 复合： `cutting-room n room where film is edited （影片的）剪辑室.

cuttlefish
[5kQtlfiF; 5kQtl7fiF] n sea animal with ten arms(tentacles), which sends out black fluid when threatened 乌贼; 墨鱼.

cutworm
[5kQtwE:m; 5kQt7wEm] n any of various types of caterpillar that eat the stems of young plants near the ground 切根虫, 地老虎（夜蛾的幼虫）.

cv
[7si: 'vi:; 7si 'vi] abbr 缩写 = record of a person's education and employment (Latin curriculum vitae) 履历（源自拉丁文curriculum vitae）.

cwm
[ku:m, kum; kum] n rounded valley or hollow on a mountain 圆形的山谷或山上的大圆坑.

cwt
abbr 缩写 = (pl cwts) hundredweight (Latin centum + English weight) 英担（源自拉丁文centum +英文weight）: a cwt sack of potatoes 一袋半英担装的土豆.

cyanide
[5saiEnaid; 5saiE7naid] n [U] highly poisonous chemical compound 氰化物.

cybernetics
[7saibE'netiks; 7saibl'netiks] n [sing v] science of communication and control, esp concerned with comparing human and animal brains with machines and electronic devices 控制论（对信息传递和控制的研究, 尤涉及人及动物大脑与机器及电子装置的差异）. > cybernetic adj.

cyclamate
[5saiklEmeit, 'sik-; 5saiklE7met] n chemical compound used as an artificial sweetener 环己氨基磺酸盐（一种化合物, 用作人工增甜剂）.

cyclamen
[5siklEmEn; 5siklEmEn] n any of several types of plant with pink, purple or white flowers that have backward-turning petals 仙客来（植物名, 花呈粉红色、 紫色或白色, 花瓣向後翻）.

cycle
[5saikl; 5saikl] n 1 series of events that are regularly repeated in the same order 循环; 周期: * the cycle of the seasons 四季的循环 * the cycle of economic booms and slumps 经济繁荣和经济萧条的周期变化. 2 complete set or series, eg of songs or poems 整套, 整个系列（如组歌或组诗）: * a Schubert song cycle 舒伯特的组歌. 3 (infml 口) bicycle, motor cycle, etc 自行车、 摩托车等: * [attrib 作定语] a cycle shop, race 自行车商店、 比赛. Cf 参看 bike. 派生： cycle v [I, Ipr, Ip] ride a bicycle 骑自行车: go cycling 去骑自行车 * He cycles to work every day. 他每天骑自行车上班. * She cycled along (the street). 她（沿着街道）骑着自行车.

cyclic
[5saiklik; 5saiklik] (also cyclical[5saiklikl;'saiklikl] ) adj recurring in cycles; regularly repeated 循环的; 有规律地重复的: * the cyclical nature of economic activity 经济活动的周期性质. > cyclically adv.

cyclist
[5saiklist; 5saiklist] n person who rides a bicycle 骑自行车的人.

cyclone
[5saiklEun; 5saiklon] n 1 system of winds turning round a calm area of low pressure 气旋. 2 violent destructive wind-storm 暴风. Cf 参看 hurricane, typhoon. 派生： cyclonic/sai'klCnik; sai'klanik] adj of or like a cyclone （似）气旋的; （似）暴风的.

Cyclopean
[sai'klEupiEn; 7saiklo'piEn] adj 1 of or like a Cyclops (/ 5saIklCps; `saIklBps/), a one-eyed giant in Greek myth （希腊神话独眼巨人）库克罗普斯的; （似）独眼巨人的. 2 (rhet 修辞) huge; immense 巨大的; 庞大的.

cyclostyle
[5saiklEstail; 5saiklE7stail] n machine for printing copies from a stencil, used esp before the introduction of photocopiers 油印机. 派生： cyclostyle v [Tn] produce (copies) with this 油印（材料）: some cyclostyled copies of his speech 他的讲话的几份油印材料.

cyclotron
[5saiklEtrCn; 5saiklE7tran] n device for making atomic particles move at a very high speed, used for experiments in nuclear research 经旋加速器.

cyder
= cider.

cygnet
[5signit; 5signit] n young swan 幼天鹅.

cylinder
[5silindE(r); 5silindl] n 1 (a) (geometry 几) solid or hollow curved body with circular ends and straight sides 圆柱, （圆）柱体（实心或空心）; 柱面. =>illus at cube 见cube之插图. (b) thing shaped like this 圆柱状物: * The string is wound round a cardboard cylinder. 线缠绕在纸筒上. * the cylinder of a revolver, ie the part in which the cartridges are placed 左轮手枪的旋转弹膛. 2 cylinder-shaped hollow part inside which the piston moves in an engine （发动机的）汽缸: * a six-cylinder engine/car 六缸发动机[六缸发动机汽车]. =>illus at piston 见piston之插图. 3 (idm 习语) working/firing on all `cylinders (infml 口) (operating) with full power or effort 开足马力; 竭尽全力: * The office is working on all cylinders to get the job finished. 办公室人员正在竭尽全力争取把这工作干完. 派生： cylindrical/si'lindrikl; si'lindrikl] adj cylinder-shaped 圆柱形的; 圆筒状的. 复合： `cylinder block part of an engine that contains the cylinders (cylinder2) 汽缸体; 汽缸组. `cylinder head removable part that fits onto the top of a cylinder block 汽缸盖.

cymbal
[5simbl; 5simbl] n (usu pl 通常作复数) one of a pair of round brass plates struck together or hit with a stick to produce a clanging sound 钹. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xi.

cynic
[5sinik; 5sinik] n 1 person who believes that people do not do things for good, sincere or noble reasons, but only for their own advantage 愤世嫉俗者. 2 Cynic member of a school of ancient Greek philosophy that despised ease and comfort （古希腊哲学）犬儒学派的成员. 派生： cynical[5sinikl; 5sinikEl] adj 1 of or like a cynic 愤世嫉俗的: * a cynical remark, attitude, smile 愤世嫉俗的话语、 态度、 微笑 * They've grown rather cynical about democracy, ie no longer believe that it is an honest system. 他们逐渐感到所谓民主制度也不过尔尔. 2 contemptuously selfish and concerned only with one's own interests 自私得为人所不齿的; 心中只有自己的: * a cynical disregard for others' safety 只顾自己不顾他人安危的可耻行为 * The footballer brought down his opponent with a cynical foul. 那个足球队员恶意犯规把对方绊倒了. cynically[-kli; -kli] adv. cynicism[5sinisizEm; 5sinEsizEm] n [U] cynical attitude 愤世嫉俗的态度.

cynosure
[5sinEzjuE(r); - 'sainEFuEr; 5sainE7Fur] n (fml 文) person or thing that attracts everybody's attention or admiration; centre of attraction 众人所瞩目的或所倾慕的人或事物; 注意力所集中的地方: * She was the cynosure of all eyes, ie Everyone looked at her. 她是众目所瞩的人.

cypher
= cipher.

cypress
[5saiprEs; 5saiprEs] n type of tall thin cone-bearing evergreen tree with dark leaves and hard wood 柏树. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page i.

Cyrillic
[si'rilik; si'rilik] adj of the alphabet used for Slavonic languages such as Russian and Bulgarian 西里尔字母（斯拉夫语言中, 如俄语和保加利亚语所用的字母）: * a Cyrillic letter, text, etc 西里尔字母、 文献等. Cf 参看 the Roman alphabet (Roman).

cyst
[sist; sist] n hollow organ, bladder, etc in the body, containing liquid matter 胞囊; 胞; 囊: * an ovarian cyst 卵巢囊肿.

cystitis
[si'staitis; sis'taitis] n [U] (medical 医) inflammation of the bladder 膀胱炎.

czar
= tsar.

czarina
= tsarina (tsar).

Czech
[tFek; tFek] n 1 [C] (a) native of the Czech Republic, formerly Bohemia 捷克人; 波希米亚人. (b) = Czechoslovak. 2 [U] (formerly 旧时) language of Czechoslovakia 捷克斯洛伐克语. 派生： Czech adj 1 of the Czech Republic or Bohemia 捷克的; 波希米亚的. 2 = Czechoslovak.

Czechoslovak
[7tFekE'slEuvAk; 7tFekE'slovAk] (alsoCzechoslovakian[7tFekEslE'vAkiEn; 7tFekEslo'vAkiEn] )n, adj (formerly 旧时) (native) of Czechoslovakia 捷克斯洛伐克的; 捷克斯洛伐克人.

D
day

D, d
[di:; di] n (pl D's, d's/di:z; diz] ) 1 the fourth letter of the English alphabet 英语字母表的第四个字母: * `David' begins and ends with a `D'/D. David一字的开头和结尾都是D. 2 D (music 音) the second note in the scale of C major C大调音阶中的第二音或音符. 3 D academic mark indicating a low standard of work 学业成绩为低等的评价符号.

DA
abbr 缩写 = 1 deposit account. 2 (US) District Attorney.

dab
1[dAb; dAb] v (-bb-) 1 [Tn] press (sth) lightly and gently 轻触, 轻压（某物）: * She dabbed her eyes (with a tissue). 她（用纸巾）轻轻地按了按眼睛. 2 [Ipr] ~ at sth lightly touch sth by pressing but not rubbing 轻触某物（但不揉擦）: * She dabbed at the cut with cotton wool. 她用药棉轻轻地按了按伤口. 3 (phr v) dab sth on/off (sth) apply/remove (sth) with light quick strokes 轻而快地搽、 涂[去掉]（某物）: * dab paint on a picture 在画上轻轻点上颜色 * dab off the excess water 轻轻地按, 吸掉多馀的水. 派生： dab n 1 [C] (a) small quantity (of paint, etc) put on a surface （涂上的）少量（颜色等）. (b) act of lightly touching or pressing sth without rubbing 轻触或轻压某物（但不揉擦）: One dab with blotting-paper and the ink was dry. 用吸墨纸轻轻按了一下, 墨水就乾了. 2 dabs [pl] (Brit sl 俚) fingerprints 指纹印.

dabble
[5dAbl; 5dAbl] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in sth) splash (hands, feet, etc) around in water （用手脚等）溅水, 戏水: * She dabbled her fingers in the fountain. 她用手指在喷泉中玩水. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (in/at sth) take part without serious intentions 涉猎; 涉足: * He just dabbles in politics. 他仅浅涉政治而已. > dabbler[5dblE(r);'dAbll] n: * He's not a dedicated musician, just a dabbler. 他并不是专门的音乐家, 只不过是个业馀爱好者.

dabchick
[5dAbtFik; 5dAbtFik] n small water-bird of the grebe family （ 科的）小水鸟.

dace
[deis; des] n (pl unchanged 复数不变) small freshwater fish 鲦鱼（一种小淡水鱼）.

dacha
[5dAtFE; 5datFE] n country house or villa in Russia （俄国的）乡间邸宅或别墅.

dachshund
[5dAkshund; 5daks7hund] n type of small dog with a long body and short legs 猎獾狗（一种身长腿短的狗）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page iii.

Dacron
[5dAkrCn, 'deikrCn; dAk7ran, 'de7kran] n [U] (US propr 专利名) = Terylene.

dactyl
[5dAktil; 5dAktil] n metrical foot consisting of one stressed syllable followed by two unstressed syllables, as in the line ``under the/ `blossom that/`hangs on the/`bough' 扬抑抑格（即一重音节後接两个轻音的音步, 如`under the/`blossom that/`hangs on the/`bough）. > dactylic/dk'tilik; dAk'tilik] adj: * a dactylic line/verse 扬抑抑格的诗句[诗].

dad
[dAd; dAd] n (infml 口) father 爸爸; 爹爹.

daddy
[5dAdi; 5dAdi] n (used esp by and to children 尤作儿语) father 爸爸; 爹爹. 复合： ,daddy-`long-legs n (infml 口) = crane-fly.

dado
[5deidEu; 5dedo] n (pl ~s; US ~es) lower part of the wall of a room, when it is different from the upperpart in colour or material 护壁板; 墙裙.

daemon
[5di:mEn; 5dimEn] n 1 (esp in Greek mythology) supernatural being that is half god, half man （尤指希腊神话中的）半人半神的精灵. 2 spirit that inspires sb to action or creativity 守护神.

daffodil
[5dAfEdil; 5dAfEdil] n yellow flower with a tall stem and long narrow leaves that grows from a bulb 水仙花. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page ii.

daft
[da:ft; - dAft; dAft] adj (-er, -est) (infml 口) foolish; silly 傻的; 愚蠢的: * Don't be so daft! 别那麽傻了! * He's gone a bit daft (in the head), ie He has become slightly insane. 他（头脑）有些发痴. > daftness n [U].

dagger
[5dAgE(r); 5dAgl] n 1 short pointed two-edged knife used as a weapon 短剑; 匕首. =>illus at knife 见knife之插图. 2 printer's mark () used to refer the reader to a footnote, etc 剑号（即 , 用以指示读者参看脚注的印刷符号）. 3 (idm 习语) at daggers drawn (with sb) very hostile (towards sb) （对某人）剑拔弩张: * She's at daggers drawn with her colleagues. 她与同事们水火不相容. * He and his partner are at daggers drawn. 他和伙伴势不两立. look daggers at sb look very angrily at sb 对某人怒目而视: * He looked daggers at me when I told him he was lazy. 我说他懒惰, 他就狠狠地瞪了我一眼. Cf 参看 cloak-and-dagger (cloak).

dago
[5deigEu; 5dego] n (pl ~s) ( sl offensive 讳, 俚, 蔑) dark-skinned foreigner, esp an Italian, a Spaniard or a Portuguese 肤色深的外国人（尤指意大利人、 西班牙人或葡萄牙人）.

daguerreotype
[dE'gerEtaip; dE'gerE7taip] n early type of photograph using a chemically treated plate （早期的）银板照相.

dahlia
[5deiliE; - 'dAliE; 5dAljE] n garden plant with brightly coloured flowers 大丽花.

Dail Eireann
[7dCil 'eErEn; 5dCil 'erEn] (also the Dail) the legislative assembly of the Republic of Ireland 爱尔兰共和国的众议院.

daily
[5deili; 5deli] adj [attrib 作定语], adv 1 done, produced or happening every day 每日（的）: * a daily routine, visit, newspaper 日常工作、 日访、 日报 * The machines are inspected daily. 机器每日均经检查. 2 (idm 习语) one's daily bread (a) one's daily food 每日的粮食. (b) (infml 口) one's livelihood 生计: * That's how I earn my daily bread. 我是这样维持生活的. one's daily dozen (infml 口) a few routine exercises performed each day in order to keep oneself fit 每日体操. 派生： daily n 1 newspaper published every weekday 日报. 2 (also daily help) (Brit infml 口) = help2 3.

dainty
[5deinti; 5denti] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 (of things) small and pretty （指物）小巧的, 精致的: * dainty porcelain, lace, etc 小巧精致的瓷器、 花边等. 2 (a) (of people) neat and delicate(2) in build or movement （指人）（体形或举止）娇美的, 秀丽的, 优美的: * a dainty child 娇小玲珑的孩子. (b) (of people) having refined taste1(5) and manners; fastidious, esp about food （指人）讲究的, （尤指对食物）挑剔的: * a dainty eater 饮食讲究的人. 3 having a pleasant taste; delicious 可口的; 美味的: * a dainty morsel 美味的少量食物. 派生： daintily adv in a dainty way 优美地; 精致地; 娇美地; 讲究地: a daintily dressed doll 服饰精美的娃娃. daintiness n [U]. dainty (usu pl 通常作复数) n small tasty piece of food, esp a small cake 量少而味美的食物; （尤指）小点心.

daiquiri
[5dAkEri, 'dai-; 5daikEri] n (esp US) iced drink made with rum, lime juice and sugar 代基里酒（以朗姆酒、 酸橙汁加糖调制的冷饮）.

dairy
[5deEri; 5deri] n 1 place where milk is kept and milk products are made 牛奶场; 奶品场: * [attrib 作定语] dairy cream 奶品场制的乳脂. 2 shop where milk, butter, eggs, etc are sold （出售牛奶、 黄油、 鸡蛋等的）乳品店. 复合： `dairy cattle cows kept to produce milk, not meat 乳牛. `dairy farm farm that produces mainly milk and butter 奶场. `dairymaid n woman who works in a dairy(1) 奶场女工. `dairyman[-mEn; -mEn] n (pl -men) (a) dealer in milk, etc 奶品商. (b) man who works in a dairy(1) 奶场男工. `dairy produce food made from milk, eg butter, cheese, yoghurt 乳制品（如黄油、 乾酪、 酸乳酪）.

dais
[5deiis; 5deis] n (pl -es[-siz; -siz] ) raised platform, esp at one end of a room, for a speaker, etc 讲台.

daisy
[5deizi; 5dezi] n 1 (a) small white flower with a yellow centre, usually growing wild 雏菊（花）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page ii. (b) any of many different types of plant with similar flowers, ie with petals that radiate from the centre like the spokes of a wheel 雏菊（植物）. 2 (idm 习语) fresh as a daisy => fresh. push up daisies => push2. 复合： `daisy wheel small wheel used in a printer or an electric typewriter, with characters arranged around the circumference 菊花轮（印字机或电动打字机上的印字轮）. Cf 参看 golf ball (golf).

dale
[deil; del] n 1 valley, esp in Northern England （尤指英格兰北部的）山谷: * the Yorkshire Dales 约克郡山谷. 2 (idm 习语) up hill and down dale => hill.

dalliance
[5dAliEns; 5dAliEns] n [U] (fml 文) frivolous behaviour, esp flirtation 轻浮的举动; （尤指）调情: * to spend time in idle dalliance 浪荡地消磨时间.

dally
[5dAli; 5dAli] v (pt, pp dallied) 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (over sth) waste time 浪费时间: * Come on. Don't dally! 好了, 别浪费时间了! * She dallies over her work and rarely finishes it. 她工作吊儿郎当, 很少能把工作做完. 2 (phr v) dally with sb/sth treat sb/sth frivolously 戏弄、 玩弄某人[某事物]: * She merely dallied with him/his affections, ie flirted with him without really caring for him. 她只是玩弄他[他的感情]. dally with sth think about (an idea, etc) but not seriously （不认真地）考虑（意见等）: * dally with a proposal 马马虎虎考虑一项提议.

Dalmatian
[dAl'meiFn; dAl'meFEn] n large short-haired dog, white with dark spots 达尔马提亚狗（一种短毛大狗, 毛色白, 带有黑色斑点）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page iii.

dam
1[dAm; dAm] n 1 barrier (made of concrete, earth, etc) built across a river to hold back the water and form a reservoir, prevent flooding, etc 水坝; 水堤; 水闸. 2 reservoir formed by such a barrier 水坝围成的水库. 派生： dam v 1 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) build a dam across (a river, valley, etc) 建水坝於（河、 谷等）. 2 (phr v) dam sth up (fig 比喻) hold back (emotions, etc) 抑制（情感等）: to dam up one's feelings 抑制住自己的感情.

damage
[5dAmidV; 5dAmidV] n 1 [U] ~ (to sth) loss of value, attractiveness or usefulness caused by an event, accident, etc 损失; 损害; 损毁: * The accident did a lot of damage to the car. 这一事故把汽车损坏得很厉害. * storm damage to crops 暴风雨对农作物的损害 * damage to her reputation 对她名誉的损害. 2 damages [pl] money paid or claimed as compensation for damage(1), loss or injury 损害赔偿金: * The court awarded 5000 (in) damages to the injured man. 法院判给伤者5000英镑损害赔偿费. 3 (idm 习语) what's the `damage? (Brit infml 口) what does/did sth cost? 某物要多少钱?: * `I need a new coat.’ `Oh yes? What's the damage?’ ‘我需要件新外衣了.’‘是吗? 要花多少钱?’ 派生： damage v [Tn] cause damage to (sth) 损害; 损坏; 损毁; 损伤: damage a fence, a car, furniture, etc 损坏栅栏、 汽车、 家具等 * damage sb's career 损害某人的事业 * damage relations between two countries 损害两国的关系. damaging adj ~ (to sth) having a bad effect 有害的: Smoking can be damaging to your health. 吸烟对身体有害. * to make damaging allegations 提出诋毁性的责难.

damask
[5dAmEsk; 5dAmEsk] n [U] 1 silk or linen material, with designs made visible by the reflection of light 缎子; 花缎; 锦缎; 织花麻布: * [attrib 作定语] a damask table-cloth 织花桌布. 2 steel with a pattern of wavy lines or with inlaid gold or silver 大马士革钢（带有波纹图案或镶有金银）. 复合： ,damask `rose bright pink, sweet-scented type of rose 粉红色玫瑰.

dame
[deim; dem] n 1 (US sl 俚) woman 妇女: * Gee! What a dame! 嘿! 多标致的女人! 2 Dame (Brit) (title of a) woman, who has been awarded an order1(10a) of knighthood （获有爵位的）夫人（的头衔）. 3 (also pantomime dame) elderly female comic character in pantomime, usu played by a man （童话剧中常由男性扮演的滑稽的）老太婆.

damn
1[dAm; dAm] v 1 [Tn] (of God) condemn (sb) to suffer in hell （指上帝）罚（某人）入地狱受罪. 2 [Tn] criticize (sth) severely 严厉地批评（某事物）: * The play was damned by the reviewers. 这出戏被评论家批评得一无是处. 3 [Tn] (also euph 委婉语作 darn) (infml 口) (esp as an interj, used to express annoyance, anger, etc 尤用作感叹词, 表示厌烦、 愤怒等): * Damn! I've lost my pen. 倒霉! 我钢笔丢了. * Damn this useless typewriter! 这个破打字机真该死! 4 (idm 习语) as near as damn it/dammit => near2. damn the consequences, expense, etc never mind the difficulties 不顾一切: * Let's enjoy ourselves and damn the consequences. 咱们不管叁七二十一, 且玩个儿痛快. (I'm) damned if... (infml 口) I certainly do, will, etc not...; I absolutely refuse to... 我决不...; 我绝对不...: * I'm damned if I'm going to let her get away with that! 我决不能就这样放过她! * Damned if I know! ie I certainly don't know. 我根本就不知道! damn sb/sth with faint `praise imply criticism by not praising enough 名褒实贬. I'll be damned! (infml 口) (used as an expression of surprise 用以表示惊奇): * Well I'll be damned: * she won after all! 好家伙, 她居然胜了! publish and be damned => publish. 派生： damning adj very unfavourable 非常不利的: damning criticism, evidence 致命的批评、 证据 * a damning remark, etc 极为不利的言语等 * She said some pretty damning things about him. 她说了他一些坏话.

damnable
[5dAmnEbl; 5dAmnEbl] adj (a) deserving disapproval; wicked; disgraceful 可恶的; 恶劣的; 不名誉的: * damnable behaviour, crimes, etc 恶劣的行为、 罪行等. (b) (dated infml 旧, 口) very bad 极坏的: * damnable weather 糟糕的天气. > damnably[5dmnEbli; 5dAm-nEbli] adv.

damnation
[dAm'neiFn; dAm'neFEn] n [U] 1 state of being damned 遭天罚: * to suffer eternal damnation 受到永远的惩罚. 2 (dated 旧) (used as an interj to express annoyance, anger, etc 用作感叹词, 表示厌烦、 愤怒等): * Damnation! I've lost my umbrella. 糟糕! 我把雨伞丢了.

damned
[dAmd; dAmd] adj, adv = damn adj, damnadv 1. 派生： the damned n [pl v] people who suffer in hell 在地狱中受罪的人: the torments of the damned 地狱中的人受的折磨. damnedest[5dAmdist; 5dAmdist] (idm 习语) do/try one's `damnedest do/try one's best 尽自己最大的努力: * She did her damnedest to get it done on time. 她竭尽全力按时完成了.

damp
1[dAmp; dAmp] adj (-er, -est) 1 not completely dry; slightly wet 不完全乾燥的; 潮湿的: * damp clothes 潮湿的衣服 * a damp surface 潮湿的表面 * Don't sleep between damp sheets. 睡觉时不要用潮湿的被褥. 2 (idm 习语) a damp `squib (infml 口) event, etc that is much less impressive than expected 未达预期效果的事等: * The party was a bit of a damp squib. 这次聚会有些扫兴. 派生： damp n [U] 1 state of being damp 潮湿: Air the clothes to get the damp out. 晾晾衣服以驱潮气. * Don't stay outside in the damp, ie in the damp atmosphere. 外面潮湿, 不要待在外面. 2 = fire-damp (fire1). damply adv. dampness n [U]. 复合： `damp-proof course (also `damp course) layer of material near the bottom of a wall to stop damp rising from the ground 防湿层（在墙基处阻止湿气由地面上升的一层建 材料）.

dampen
[5dAmpEn; 5dAmpEn] v 1 [Tn] make (sth) damp 使（某物）潮湿: * I always dampen shirts before ironing them. 我总是把衬衫先弄潮湿再熨. 2 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (down) make (sth) less strong; restrain 使（某事物）减弱; 抑制: * dampen (down) sb's spirits, enthusiasm, etc 打击某人的情绪、 热情等.

damper
[5dAmpE(r); 5dAmpl] n 1 movable metal plate that controls the flow of air into a fire in a stove, furnace, etc 气门; 气闸. 2 small pad that is pressed against a piano-string to stop it vibrating 制音器（终止钢琴弦震动的小毡块）. 3 (idm 习语) put a damper on sth (infml 口) cause (an event, atmosphere, etc) to be less cheerful, excited, etc 使（事情、 气氛等）受到抑制, 减弱: * Their argument put a bit of a damper on the party. 他们的争论使聚会颇为扫兴.

damsel
[5dAmzl; 5dAmzl] n 1 (arch 古) girl; young unmarried woman 姑娘; 闺女; 未婚少女. 2 (idm 习语) a damsel in distress (joc 谑) woman who needs help 需要帮助的女子: * Most men will help a damsel in distress. 男人多愿帮助有困难的女子.

damson
[5dAmzn; 5dAmzn] n 1 (a) type of fruit tree that produces a small dark-purple plum 西洋李子树. (b) its fruit 西洋李子: * [attrib 作定语] damson jam/jelly 西洋李子酱[冻]. 2 dark-purple colour 深紫色: * [attrib 作定语] a damson dress 深紫色连衣裙.

dance
1[da:ns; - dAns; dAns] n 1 (a) [C] (series of) movements and steps in time to music 跳舞; 舞蹈; 舞步: * [attrib 作定语] to learn new dance steps 学新舞步. (b) [C] type of dance （某种）舞: * The rumba is a Latin-American dance. 伦巴舞是拉丁美洲的舞蹈. (c) [C] one round or turn of a dance （一个舞曲或乐曲的）舞: * May I have the next dance? 下一个舞可否请你和我一起跳? (d) [C] music for a dance 舞曲: * a gipsy dance played on the violin 小提琴奏的吉卜赛舞曲. (e) (also the dance) [U] dancing as an art form 舞蹈艺术: * She has written a book on (the) dance. 她写了一本关於舞蹈的书. 2 [C] social gathering at which people dance 舞会: * to hold a dance in the village hall 在村庄会堂举行舞会. 3 (idm 习语) lead sb a dance => lead3. a song and dance => song. 复合： `dance-band n band that plays music for dancing 为跳舞伴奏的乐团. `dance-hall n hall for public dances, which one pays to enter （交费入场的）舞厅, 舞场. Cf 参看 ballroom (ball2).

dandelion
[5dAndilaiEn; 5dAndi7laiEn] n small wild plant with a bright yellow flower and leaves with notched edges 蒲公英. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page ii.

dander
[5dAndE(r); 5dAndl] n (idm 习语) get sb's/one's `dander up (infml 口) make sb/become angry 使某人发怒: * It really got my dander up when she began accusing me of dishonesty. 她指责我不诚实, 可真把我惹火了.

dandle
[5dAndl; 5dAndl] v [Tn] move (esp a child) up and down on one's knee(s) or in one's arms （在膝上或怀里）颠动（孩子等）: * He dandled the baby to make it stop crying. 他颠动着婴儿, 哄他不再哭.

dandruff
[5dAndrQf; 5dAndrEf] n [U] small flakes of dead skin from the scalp, usu seen in the hair; scurf 头皮屑: * This shampoo will cure your dandruff. 这种洗发水可除掉头皮屑.

dandy
1[5dAndi; 5dAndi] n man who cares too much about the smartness of his clothes and his appearance 过分注意衣着和外表的男人; 花花公子. 派生： dandified[5dAndifaid; 5dAndi7faid] adj like or typical of a dandy 像花花公子的: * dandified clothes 像花花公子穿的衣服.

Dane
[dein; den] n native of Denmark 丹麦人.

danger
[5deindVE(r); 5dendVl] n 1 [U] ~ (of sth) chance of suffering damage, loss, injury, etc; risk 危险; 风险: * There's a lot of danger in rock climbing. 攀登岩壁非常危险. * Danger thin ice! 危险--薄冰! * In war, a soldier's life is full of danger. 在战争中, 士兵的生命充满了危险. * Is there any danger of fire? 有遭火灾的危险吗? * She was very ill, but is now out of danger, ie not likely to die. 她病重, 但现已脱险. * Ships out in this storm are in great danger, ie very liable to suffer damage, etc. 轮船在这种风暴中出航要冒极大风险. * His life was in danger. 他有生命危险. 2 [C] ~ (to sb/sth) person or thing that may cause damage, injury, pain, etc; hazard 可能造成损伤、 疼痛等的人或物; 危害: * be afraid of hidden dangers 害怕潜伏的危险 * Smoking is a danger to health. 吸烟危害健康. * That woman is a danger to society. 那个女人是社会上的危险人物. 3 (idm 习语) on the `danger list (infml 口) very ill and near to death 病危; 病入膏肓: * She was on the danger list, but is much better now. 她曾一度病危, 现在好多了. 复合： `danger money extra pay for dangerous work 危险工作津贴.

dangerous
[5deindVErEs; 5dendVErEs] adj ~ (for sb/sth) likely to cause danger or be a danger 有危险的; 危险的: * a dangerous bridge, journey 危险的桥梁、 旅程 * The river is dangerous for swimmers. 在这条河里游泳有危险. * This machine is dangerous: * the wiring is faulty. 这个机器有危险: * 电线有毛病. 派生： dangerously adv: driving dangerously 危险驾驶 * dangerously ill, ie so ill that one might die 病危.

dangle
[5dANgl; 5dANgl] v 1 (a) [I] hang or swing loosely 悬吊着或摆动不定: * a bunch of keys dangling at the end of a chain 在链子一端悬吊着的一串钥匙. (b) [Tn] hold (sth) so that it swings loosely 拿着（某物）使其摆动: * He dangled his watch in front of the baby. 他在婴儿面前摇晃着表. 2 (phr v) dangle sth before/in front of sb offer sth temptingly to sb 以某事物招引某人: * The prospect of promotion was dangled before him. 晋升的希望在吸引着他.

Danish
[5deiniF; 5deniF] n, adj (language) of Denmark and the Danes 丹麦的; 丹麦人的; 丹麦语（的）. 复合： ,Danish `blue type of soft white cheese with blue veins 丹麦蓝奶酪（有蓝色纹的白色软奶酪）. ,Danish `pastry pastry cake containing apple, almond paste, etc, with icing, nuts, etc on top 丹麦糕饼（以苹果、 杏仁糊等为馅, 上面覆有糖霜、 坚果仁等）.

dank
[dANk; dANk] adj (-er, -est) unpleasantly damp and cold 阴湿的; 阴冷的: * a dank cellar, cave, etc 阴湿的地窖、 洞穴等. > dankness n [U].

dapper
[5dApE(r); 5dApl] adj (approv 褒) (usu of a small person) neat and smart in appearance; nimble in movement （通常指矮小的人）整洁漂亮的, 动作敏捷的: * What a dapper little man! 好一个短小精悍的人!

dapple
[5dpl; 5dApl] v [Tn] mark (sth) with (often rounded) patches of different colour or shades of colour 使（某物）有斑点（常为圆形）: * The sun shining through the leaves dappled the ground. 阳光穿过树叶照射在地上, 现出一块块亮斑. 派生： dappled adj having (often rounded) patches of different colour or shades of colour 有（常为圆形）斑点的: a dappled deer/horse 有斑点的鹿[马] * dappled shade, eg when the sun shines through leaves 斑斑的阴影（如阳光穿过树叶所形成的）. 复合： ,dapple-`grey n, adj (horse that is) grey with darker patches 灰色而有深色斑点的（马）.

Darby and Joan
[7da:bi En 'dVEun; 5darbi En 'dVon] oldand loving married couple 恩爱的老年夫妇. 复合： ,Darby and `Joan club (Brit) social club for old (esp married) people 老年人（尤指老年夫妇）俱乐部.

dare
1[deE(r); der] modal v (neg 否定式 dare not, contracted form 缩约式 daren't/deEnt; dernt] ; rare or fml pt 罕用或文学语言用过去式 dared/deEd; derd] , neg 否定式 dared not) 1 (used esp in negative sentences and questions, after if/whether, or with hardly, never, no one, nobody 尤用於否定句及疑问句中, 在if/whether之後, 或与hardly、 never、 no one、 nobody连用) have sufficient courage or impudence (to do sth) 敢; 敢於; 竟敢; 胆敢: * I daren't ask her for a rise. 我不敢要求她加薪. * What's the matter daren't you read what it says? 怎麽了--你难道不敢把上面写的念出来吗? * I wonder whether he dare stand up in public. 我不知道他敢不敢站在大庭广众面前. * They hardly dared breathe as somebody walked past the door! 有人在门前走过, 他们几乎不敢呼吸了! * If you ever dare call me that name again, you'll be sorry. 你胆敢再那样叫我, 你就後悔莫及了. * Nobody dared lift their eyes from the ground. 没有人敢把视线离开地面. 2 (idm 习语) how `dare you, he, she, etc (used to express indignation at the actions of others 用以表示对他人举动的愤慨): * How dare you suggest that I copied your notes! 你竟敢认为我抄了你的笔记! * How dare he take my bicycle without even asking! 他怎麽连问都不问就敢把我的自行车骑走了! I dare say I accept (sth) as a true or possible fact 我相信; 可能: * I ,dare say you `are British but you still need a passport to prove it. 我相信你是英国人, 但仍需有护照加以证明. * `I would imagine he's forgotten.’ `I ,dare `say!’ ‘我猜想他忘记了.’‘很可能!’

daring
[5deEriN; 5deriN] n [U] adventurous courage; boldness 冒险精神; 勇气; 胆量: * the daring of the mountain climber 爬山者的冒险精神 * an ambitious plan of great daring, ie that is bold and new 大胆创新的计划. 派生： daring adj 1 courageous 勇敢的; 英勇的: a daring person, exploit, attack 勇敢的人、 英雄的业绩、 勇猛的进击. 2 bold in a new or unusual way （出奇地）大胆的: a daring plan, innovation, etc 别出心裁的大胆计划、 革新等 * a daring new art form 别具一格的创新艺术形式 * She said some daring (ie bold and possibly shocking) things. 她说了一些泼天大胆的话. daringly adv.

dark
1[da:k; dark] n 1 the dark [sing] absence of light 黑暗; 无光: * All the lights went out and we were left in the dark. 所有的灯都熄了, 周围一片黑暗. * Are you afraid of the dark? 你怕黑吗? 2 (idm 习语) before/after dark before/after the sun goes down 在天黑以前[以後]: * Try to get home before dark. 尽量在天黑以前回家. * I'm afraid to go out after dark in the city. 在城里, 我害怕天黑後出门. (be/keep sb) in the `dark (about sth) in a state of ignorance 无知; 不知: * I was in the dark about it until she told me. 这件事在她告诉我之前, 我毫不知情. * We were kept completely in the dark about his plan to sell the company. 对他计划将公司出售一事, 我们一直蒙在鼓里. a leap/shot in the `dark action, answer, etc that is risked in the hope that it is correct 盲目冒险的干、 回答等: * It's hard to know exactly what to do we'll just have to take a shot in the dark. 很难说怎麽办才对--我们只好瞎碰. whistle in the dark => whistle.

darken
[5da:kEn; 5darkEn] v [I, Tn] 1 (cause sth to) become dark （使某物）变黑暗: * We darkened the room to show the film. 我们把房间弄暗以放影片. * The sky darkened as the storm approached. 风雨欲来, 天色黑暗. 2 (idm 习语) darken sb's `door (joc or rhet 谑或修辞) come as an unwanted or reluctant visitor to sb's house 不受欢迎的人到访: * Go! And never darken my door again! 走吧! 下次不要再到我家来了!

darky
(also darkie)[5da:ki; 5darki] n ( infml offensive 讳, 口, 蔑) black or coloured person 黑鬼（黑人或有色人）.

darling
[5da:liN; 5darliN] n (a) person or thing much liked or loved 心爱的人: * She's a little darling! 她是小宝贝! * He's the darling (ie favourite subject) of the media just now. 他是当前传播媒介中最红的人（最受欢迎的人）. (b) (as a form of address 作为称呼): * My darling! How sweet of you to come! 亲爱的! 你来到这里多让人高兴啊! 派生： darling adj [attrib 作定语] 1 dearly loved 心爱的; 可爱的. 2 (infml 口) charming; pleasing 迷人的; 使人愉快的: What a darling little room! 多麽讨人喜欢的小屋子!

darn
1[da:n; darn] v [I, Tn] mend (a garment) by passing a thread through the material in two directions 织补（衣物）: * My socks have been darned again and again. 我的袜子已经补了又补. * I must darn the hole in my pocket. 我得把口袋补一补. 派生： darn n place mended by darning 织补之处. darning n [U] task of darning; things needing to be darned 织补的工作; 需织补的东西: I hate darning. 我讨厌织补活儿. * We sat doing the darning. 我们坐着织补. `darning-needle n large sewing needle used for darning 织补用的大针.

dart
1[da:t; dart] n 1 [C] small pointed missile (often with feathers to aid flight) used as a weapon or in the game of darts 镖; 飞镖. 2 [sing] sudden fast movement 猛冲; 突进: * She made a dart for the exit. 她冲向出口. 3 [C] (in dressmaking) stitched tapering fold （制衣）捏褶. 4 darts [sing v] game in which darts are thrown at a target marked with numbers for scoring 掷镖游戏: * Darts is often played in English pubs. 英国酒馆里常有掷镖游戏. =>illus 见插图. 复合： `dartboard n circular board used as the target in the game of darts 掷镖游戏用的圆靶.

dash
1[dAF; dAF] n 1 [sing] ~ (for sth) sudden forward movement 突进; 猛冲: * to make a dash for freedom, shelter 为获自由、 遮掩处而急奔 * We jumped into the car and made a dash for the ferry. 我们跳上汽车, 冲向码头. * Mother said lunch was ready and there was a mad dash for the table. 母亲说午饭做好了, 大家一下子都向饭桌奔去. 2 [C usu sing 通常作单数] (esp US) short race; sprint 短跑; 短距离赛跑: * the 100-metres dash 100米赛跑. 3 [C esp sing 尤作单数] a ~ (of sth) small amount of sth added or mixed 少量搀和物或混合物: * a dash of salt 少许盐 * red with a dash of blue 略为发蓝的红色 * The flag adds a dash of colour to the grey building. 那面旗子装点着灰秃秃的大楼. 4 [sing] ~ (of sth) (sound of) liquid striking or being thrown against sth 冲击或溅 液体（的声音）: * the dash of waves on the rocks 波浪拍打岩石的声音 * A dash of water in his face will revive him. 向他脸上泼水能使他苏醒. 5 [C] horizontal stroke () used in writing, printing and Morse code 破折号（--）. =>App 3 见附录3. 6 [U] ability to act vigorously; energy 活力; 冲劲儿; 精力; 干劲: * an officer famous for his skill and dash 以干练和干劲闻名的官员. 7 [C] (infml 口) = dashboard. 8 (idm 习语) cut a `dash be exciting and stylish (in appearance or behaviour) （外表或举止）神气, 有气派, 帅: * He really cuts a dash in his smart new uniform. 他穿着漂亮的新制服真是神气十足. make a bolt/dash/run for it => bolt2. 复合： `dashboard (also facia, fascia) n board or panel below the windscreen of a motor vehicle, carrying various instruments and controls （机动车辆的）仪表板. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xii.

data
[5deitE, also 'da:tE; - 'dAtE; 5dAtE] n (a) [U or pl] facts or information used in deciding or discussing sth 资料: * Very little data is available. 现有的资料十分不足. * The data is/are still being analysed. 资料仍在分析中. (b) [usu sing v 通常与单数动词连用] (computing 计) information prepared for or stored by a computer 数据: * [attrib 作定语] data analysis, capture, retrieval 数据分析、 捕捉、 检索 * data protection, ie legal restrictions on access to data stored in a computer 数据保护. 复合： `data bank centre with a comprehensive file of computer data . `database n large store of computerized data, esp lists or abstracts of reports, etc 数据单元. ,data-`processing n [U] performing of computer operations on data to analyze it, solve problems, etc 数据处理. ,data `capture process of collecting data for use in a computer 数据捕捉; 数据收集. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: There are a lot of nouns in English of Latin or Greek origin. 英语名词中有很多来自拉丁语或希腊语. They often end in -us, -a, -um, -on, etc. 这些词多以-us、 -a、 -um、 -on等结尾. The plural forms of these nouns can cause difficulty. 这些名词的复数形式可能会造成困难. 1 Some, especially scientific terms, have kept their original singular and plural forms 有些词, 特别是科学术语, 仍保留着原来的单复数形式: bacillus, bacilli * larva, larvae * criterion, criteria. 2 Many, especially those in general use, now only have a regular English plural form 其中很多词, 特别是常用词, 现在只有合乎英语规则的复数形式: arena, arenas * circus, circuses * electron, electrons. 3 Some have alternative plural forms, which are both acceptable. 有些词, 有两种复数形式, 均可使用. The Latin form is more formal 拉丁语式的复数形式较庄重: focus, focuses/foci * formula, formulas/formulae * spectrum, spectrums/spectra.

data1
4 There is uncertainty with some nouns as to whether they are singular or plural 有些名词到底是单数还是复数, 难以确定: This data is correct and These data are correct are both acceptable. 数据正确（英文句中用is或are均可）. Paraphernalia (a Greek plural) is used as a singular noun *paraphernalia（希腊语复数）一字用作单数名词: All my fishing paraphernalia is in the car. 我的鱼具都在汽车里. Media (sing medium) is sometimes incorrectly used as a singular noun *media（单数为medium）一字有时误用作单数名词: The media are (NOT is) often accused of being biased. 传播媒介常遭指责, 认为有偏见（英文句中不可用is）.

date
1[deit; det] n 1 [C] (a) specific numbered day of the month, or specific year, usu given to show when sth happened or is to happen 日期; 日子; 年份: * Today's date is the 23rd of June. 今天是6月23日. * `What's the date?’ `The 10th.’ ‘日期是几号?’‘10号.’ * Has the date of the meeting been fixed? 开会的日期决定了吗? *`When was the date of the Battle of Waterloo? ’ `June 1815.'‘滑铁卢战役是在何时?’‘1815年6月.’ (b) indication written, printed or stamped (on a letter, coin, etc) of the time when it was written, made, etc （信件、 硬币等）注明的日期: * There's no date on this cheque. 这张支票上没有日期. * The manuscript bears the date 10 April 1937. 手稿上注着1937年4月10日. =>App 4 见附录4. 2 [U] period of time in history, eg one to which antiquities belong （古物等所属的）时代, 年代: * This vase is of an earlier date (ie is older) than that one. 这个花瓶的年代比那个的早. 3 [C] (infml 口) (a) appointment to meet sb at a particular time （约好时间的）会晤: * We made a date to go to the opera. 我们约好去看歌剧. (b) meeting with a person of the opposite sex （和异性的）约会: * I have a date (with my girl-friend) tonight. 我今晚（和女朋友）有个约会. (c) (esp US) person with whom one has a date1(3b) （异性的）约会对象: * My date is meeting me atseven. 我的对象七点钟跟我见面. 4 (idm 习语) (be/go),out of `date (a) no longer fashionable 不再流行的; 过时的: * Will denim jeans ever go out of date? 粗布牛仔裤会过时吗? * [attrib 作定语] ,out-of-date `clothes, i`deas, `slang 过时的衣服、 陈旧的思想、 已废的俚语. (b) no longer valid 过期的; 失效的: * My passport is out of date. 我的护照已经过期了. to date so far; up to now 迄今; 至今; 到目前为止: * To date, we have not received any replies. 我们至今还未接到答覆. * This is the biggest donation we've had to date. date1 /// (be/bring sb/sth) ,up to `date (a) modern; fashionable 现代的; 时新的: * She wears clothes that are right up to date. 她穿着最时新的衣服. (b) according to what is now known or required 据目前所知或所要求的: * The list is up to date now that we've added the new members' names. 我们把新成员的名字已经加进去了, 这份名单是最全的了. * [attrib 作定语],up-to-date `styles, `methods, `books 最新的式样、 方法、 书籍. 派生： dateless adj never becoming unfashionable or dated 历久弥新的; 永不过时的. 复合： `date-line n (a) (also international date-line) imaginary line running from north to south 180 from Greenwich, east and west of which the date differs by one day （国际）日界线（距格林威治180自北向南的一条假想线, 此线以东及以西的地区日期相差一日）. (b) line in a newspaper above an article, etc, that shows the time and place of writing 日期行（报章中一篇文字上方注明撰写时间和地点的一行文字）. `date-stamp n adjustable rubber stamp for printing the date on documents, etc 日期戳子.

dative
[5deitiv; 5detiv] n (grammar) special form of a noun, a pronoun or an adjective used (in some inflected languages) to indicate or describe esp the person who receives sth or benefits from an action 与格（某些屈折语中的名词、 代词或形容词的一种形式, 用以表示所指的人物接受某事物或从一行动中获益）. 派生： dative adj of or in the dative 与格的.

daub
[dC:b; dCb] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ A on (B); ~ B (with A) put (a soft substance) on (a surface) in a rough or careless way （胡乱）涂抹: * He daubed some red paint on (the canvas). 他（在油画布上）涂上了一些红颜色. * She daubed her face with thick make-up. 她面部化妆很浓. * trousers daubed (ie made dirty) with mud 沾上泥的裤子. 2 [I, Tn] (infml 口) paint (pictures) without skill or artistry 胡乱地画. 派生： daub n 1 [C, U] (covering of) soft sticky material, eg clay, for walls （一层）涂料. 2 [C] badly painted picture 拙劣的画. dauber n (derog 贬) unskilful painter 拙劣的画匠.

daughter
[5dC:tE(r); 5dCtl] n one's female child 女儿. =>App 8 见附录8. 复合： daughter-in-law[5dC:tEr in lC:; 5dCtErin7lC] n (pl ~s-in-law[5dC:tEz in lC; 5dCtlzin7lC] ) wife of one's son 儿媳妇. =>App 8 见附录8.

daunt
[dC:nt; dCnt] v 1 [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] discourage (sb); frighten 使（某人）气馁; 威吓: * I was rather daunted by the thought of addressing such an audience. 我一想到要对这样的听众讲话, 就有些胆小. 2 (idm 习语) nothing `daunted (fml or joc 文或谑) not at all discouraged 毫无惧色; 毫不气馁: * Their guide deserted them, but, nothing daunted, they pressed on into the jungle. 向导离他们而去, 但是他们毫不气馁, 仍向森林进发. 派生： daunting adj discouraging; frightening 使人气馁的; 吓人的: The prospect of meeting the President is quite daunting. 一想到要会见总统就足以令人心悸. dauntless[5dC:ntlis; 5dCntlis] adj not easily discouraged or frightened 勇敢的; 无畏的: * dauntless bravery 英勇绝伦. dauntlessly adv.

dauphin
[5dC:fin; 5dCfin] n (formerly) title of the King of France's eldest son （旧时）法国皇太子的称号.

davenport
[5dvnpC:t; 5dAvEn7pCrt] n 1 (Brit) writing desk with drawers and a hinged top 翻板写字台（带有抽屉, 桌面有合叶可翻开）. 2 (US) large sofa for two or three people, esp one that can be converted into a bed 长沙发（可坐两叁人）; （尤指）沙发床.

davit
[5dAvit; 5dAvit] n small crane1(2) on a ship, usu one of a pair, used for supporting, lowering and raising a ship's boat （轮船上的）吊艇柱, 吊艇架.

Davy Jones's locker
(infml often joc 口, 常作戏谑语) the bottom of the sea 海底: Their ship was sent to Davy Jones's locker, ie was sunk. 他们的轮船去见龙王爷了（沉没了）.

dawdle
[5dC:dl; 5dCdl] v (a) [I] be slow; waste time 缓慢; 浪费时间: * Stop dawdling and hurry up: * we're late. 别磨磨蹭蹭了, 快点儿吧: * 咱们晚了. * She doesn't get her work done because she's always dawdling. 她没做完, 总是磨洋工. (b) (phr v) dawdle sth away waste (time) 浪费（时间）: * He dawdles the hours away watching television.他把时间都荒废在看电视上了. > dawdler[5dC:dlE(r);'dCdll] n.

dawn
1[dC:n; dCn] n [U, C] 1 time of day when light first appears; daybreak 黎明; 破晓; 拂晓: * We must start at dawn. 我们必须天一亮就启程. * He works from dawn till dusk. 他从天亮工作到天黑. * It's almost dawn. 天差不多要亮了. 2 (fig 比喻) beginning; first signs of sth 开始; 开端; 发端: * the dawn of hope, love, intelligence, civilization 希望、 爱情、 智力、 文明的开端 * the dawn of a new age 新时代的曙光. 3 (idm 习语) the crack of dawn => crack1. 复合： ,dawn `chorus sound of birds singing in the early morning 清晨的鸟啼声.

daylight
[5deilait; 5de7lait] n 1 [U] light during daytime 日光; 白昼: * The colours look different when viewed in daylight. 在日光下看, 颜色显得不同. * I haven't seen your garden in daylight before. 我以前还没有在白天看过你的花园呢. * before daylight, ie before dawn 天亮前; 黎明前. 2 (idm 习语) broad daylight => broad1. ,daylight `robbery (infml 口) charging too much 要价过高: * Three pounds for two sandwiches? It's daylight robbery! 两个叁明治要叁镑? 简直是敲竹 ! see `daylight understand sth that was previously puzzling 理解了曾感到困惑的事: * I struggled with the problem for hours before I saw daylight. 这个问题我费了几小时才弄明白. 复合： ,daylight `saving [U] way of making darkness fall later during summer by making clocks show a later time on a date in spring 日光节约; 夏令时. ,daylight `saving time (US also `daylight time) period when this is in effect 实行夏令时的期间. Cf 参看 summer time (summer).

daze
[deiz; dez] v [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] (a) make (sb) confused and unable to react properly 使（某人）迷乱而不能做出正确反应; 使茫然: * dazed with drugs 在麻醉剂影响下神志不清 * The blow on the head dazed him for a moment. 他头上受了一击後就昏眩了片刻. (b) surprise and bewilder (sb) 使（某人）惊奇与迷惑: * I was dazed by her sudden offer. 她突然提出此事, 我感到惊奇而不知所措. 派生： daze n (idm 习语) in a daze in a confused state 处於茫然状态: I've been in a complete daze since hearing the sad news. 我听到那坏消息, 一直全然不知所措. dazed/deizd; dezd] adj: * a dazed look, manner, etc 茫然的神态、 举止等.

dazzle
[5dAzl; 5dAzl] v [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] (a) blind (sb) briefly with too much light, brilliance, etc （因强光、 闪烁等）使（某人）目眩, 眼花缭乱: * I was dazzled by his headlights. 他的车头灯照得我目眩. (b) (fig 比喻) impress (sb) greatly through splendour, ability, etc 使（某人）赞许, 称奇: * He was dazzled by her beauty and wit. 她聪明貌美使他为之神魂颠倒. 派生： dazzle n [U] splendour; brilliance 壮丽; 光辉: all the dazzle of the circus 马戏团所见之光怪陆离. dazzling adj: a dazzling display of sporting skill 运动技巧的精湛表演.

dB
abbr 缩写 = decibel(s).

DBE
[7di: bi: 'i:; 7di bi i] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Dame Commander (of the Order) of the British Empire 英帝国高级女勋爵士; 英帝国爵级司令勋衔: * be made a DBE 获封英帝国高级女勋爵士 * Dame Susan Peters DBE 苏珊．彼得斯英帝国高级女勋爵士. Cf 参看 CBE, KBE, MBE.

DC
[7di: 'si:; 7di 'si] abbr 缩写 = 1 (music 音) repeat from the beginning (Italian da capo) 从头再奏（源自意大利文da capo）. 2 District of Columbia 哥伦比亚特区: * Washington, DC 美国首都华盛顿. 3 (also dc) direct current (direct1). Cf 参看 AC.

DD
[7di: 'di:; 7di 'di] abbr 缩写 = Doctor of Divinity 神学博士: * have/be a DD 有神学博士学位[为神学博士] * Colin Green DD 科林．格林神学博士.

DDT
[7di: di: 'ti:; 7di di 'ti] abbr 缩写 = dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (a colourless chemical that kills insects and is also harmful to animals) 滴滴涕; 二氯二苯基叁氯乙烷.

de
ice

de facto
[7dei 'fAktEu; de'fAkto] (Latin 拉) existing in actual fact, whether rightly or not 实际上存在的（不论合法与否）: * a de facto ruler, government, right 实际上存在的统治者、 政府、 权利 * Though his kingship was challenged, he continued to rule de facto. 虽然他做国王的身分为人诟病, 但他仍大权在握. Cf 参看 de jure.

de jure
[7dei 'dVuEri; de'dVuri] (Latin 拉) by right; according to law 根据权利; 根据法律; 法律上: * the de jure king 合法的国王 * be king de jure 依法获得王位. Cf 参看 de facto.

de luxe
[dE'lQks, also -'luks; di'lQks, -'luks] adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] of a very high quality, high standard of comfort, etc 高质量的; 豪华的: * a de luxe hotel, car, bed 舒适的旅馆、 汽车、 床 * the de luxe edition of a book, eg with a special leather binding 书的精装本.

de rigueur
[dE ri5gE:(r); dEri5gE] (French 法) required by etiquette or custom 按照礼仪或风俗所要求的: * Evening dress is de rigueur at the Casino. 在赌博娱乐场要穿晚礼服.

de trop
[dE'trEu; dE'tro] adj [pred 作表语] (French 法) not wanted; unwelcome 不需要; 无用; 不受欢迎: * Their intimate conversation made me feel de trop. 他们亲切交谈, 使我感到自己是个多馀的人.

deacon
[5di:kEn; 5dikEn] n 1 (in Christian churches with ordained priests, eg the Church of England) minister ranking below a priest （有委任牧师的基督教会, 如英国国教圣公会中的躣会吏. 2 (in nonconformist churches) lay person who deals with church business affairs （在英国不从国教派教会中的）执事, 助祭. 派生： deaconess[7di:kE'nes, also 'di:kEnis; dikEnis] n woman with duties similar to those of a deacon 任上项两义职责的女子; 女会吏; 女执事; 女助祭.

dead
[ded; ded] adj 1 (a) no longer alive 死的: * a dead person, animal 死的人、 动物 * dead flowers, cells 凋谢的花、 死的细胞 * The tiger fell dead. 老虎倒地死去. (b) never having been alive; inanimate 无生命的; 无生气的: * dead matter, eg rock 无生命的物质（如岩石）. 2 (a) without movement or activity 无活动的: * The town is dead now the mine has closed. 因矿井已关闭, 镇上一片死气沉沉. * in the dead hours of the night, ie when everything is quiet 在夜深人静时. (b) (infml 口) without interest and liveliness; dull 无趣的; 无生气的; 呆滞的: * What a dead place this is! 这地方多没意思! * The acting was rather dead. 表演十分乏味. 3 no longer used, effective, valid, etc 不再使用的、 已无作用的、 已失效的等: * This debate is now dead. 辩论现已过去. * My love for him is dead. 我不再爱他了. * a dead language, eg Latin 死的语言（如拉丁语）. 4 (a) numb from cold, anaesthetic, etc 冻僵的; 麻木的: * My dead fingers could not untie the knot. 我的手指麻木了, 解不开结. (b) [pred 作表语] ~ to sth not feeling (pity, guilt, etc) 无动於衷; 无感觉: * He was dead to all feelings of shame. 他恬不知耻. 5 [attrib 作定语] complete; absolute 全然地; 完全地: * dead calm, silence, etc 死一般的平静、 沉寂等 * come to a dead stop, ie stop suddenly 猛然停住 * dead centre, ie exact centre 正中心 * a dead shot, ie a person who shoots very accurately 神枪手 * a dead sleep, ie a very deep sleep 熟睡 * He's a dead cert/certainty for (ie He will certainly win) the 100 metres. 他稳拿百米第一. 6 that does, can or will no longer function 不（能）再起作用的: * a dead match, ie one that has been struck 已擦过的火柴 * a dead battery, ie one without power 没电的电池 * The telephone went dead, ie produced no more sounds. 电话没声了. 7 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (a) (of sounds) not resonant; dull （指声音）无共鸣的, 沉闷的:

dead1
* It fell with a dead thud. 它砰的一声倒了下来. (b) (of colours) not brilliant （指颜色）不鲜艳的: * The walls were a dead brown colour. 墙是暗褐色的. 8 (sport 体) (a) (of a ball) outside the playing area （指球）界外的, 死的. (b) (of the ground) tending to make balls rolling on it stop quickly （指场地）（对球的滚动）阻力大的: * Rain had made the pitch rather dead. 场地因雨而阻力增大. 9 (idm 习语) be a dead ringer for sb (sl 俚) be very like sb in appearance 外貌上很像某人: * She's a dead ringer for a girl I used to know. 她酷似以前我认识的一个女孩. be the dead spit of sb (infml 口) look exactly like sb else 极像某人. cut sb dead pretend not to have seen sb; refuse to greet sb 装着没看见某人; 拒不向某人打招呼. (as) ,dead as a/the `dodo (infml 口) no longer effective, valid, interesting, etc 已无作用的、 已失效的、 不再吸引人注意的等: * This organization is as dead as a dodo. 这个组织已不复存在. (as) ,dead as a `doornail/as `mutton (infml 口) quite dead 完全死了的: * It lay there with its eyes closed, dead as a doornail. 它躺在那里眼睛闭着, 确实死了. a dead `duck (infml 口) scheme, etc which has been abandoned, or will fail 被放弃的或将失败的计划等: * The plan is a dead duck: * there's no money. 计划告吹了: * 没有钱. a dead `end (a) = cul-de-sac. (b) point at which one can make no further progress in work, an enquiry, etc 工作、 查询等不能再进展的阶段: * be at/come to a dead end 陷入僵局 * With the failure of the experiment, we had reached a dead end. 试验失败了, 我们一筹莫展. * [attrib 作定语] a ,dead-end `job/ca`reer, ie one that offers no prospect of promotion 无晋升希望的工作[职业]. the dead hand of sth oppressive influence of sth 某事物的恶劣影响; 流毒: * The dead hand of bureaucracy is slowing our progress. 官僚主义的流毒拖慢了我们的进步. a dead `letter (a) rule or law that is generally ignored 被普遍忽视的规章或法律.

dead2
(b) outdated custom, issue or topic 过时的习俗、 论点或话题: * Many people say that detente is now a dead letter. 很多人说缓和国际紧张局势的论调已是明日黄花. (c) letter kept by the post office because they cannot find either the person to whom it was sent or the person who sent it 死信（无法投递的信件）. a dead `loss (sl 俚) person or thing of no help or use to anyone 对谁都无用的人或物: * This pen is a dead loss: * it just won't write properly. 这枝笔没用了: * 书写很不流畅. ,dead men ,tell no `tales (saying 谚) if a person is killed he cannot cause difficulties by revealing sth that one does not wish to be known 死人不会泄密. ,dead men's `shoes job that one takes over from sb who has left unexpectedly or died 从突然离开或去世的某人手中接过来的工作: * She got early promotion by stepping into dead men's shoes. 她因补缺而得以提早晋升. ,dead to the `world fast asleep 熟睡. ,dead `wood useless or unneeded people, material, papers, etc 无用的或不需要的人、 材料、 文件等: * There is too much dead wood among the teaching staff. 教师中尸位素餐者众. * The new manager wants to cut out the dead wood and streamline production. 新经理想精简机构以提高生产效率. drop dead => drop2. flog a dead horse => flog. in a dead `faint completely unconscious 完全失去知觉. over my dead `body (used to express one's strong opposition to sth 用以表示对某事物的强烈反对): * They'll demolish this house over my dead body. 我死也不让他们拆这所房子. * `I'm going out.’ `Over my dead body!’ ‘我要出去.’‘除非我死了!’ the quick and the dead => quick. wake the dead => wake1. wouldn't be seen `dead in, at, with, etc sth/doing sth (infml 口) would refuse to be in, at, with, etc sth 绝不涉於某事物: * That dress is so ugly I wouldn't be seen dead in it. 那件连衣裙真难看, 我宁死也不穿.

dead3
* She wouldn't be seen dead jogging; she hates exercise. 她就是不愿跑步; 她讨厌运动. 派生： dead adv 1 completely; absolutely; thoroughly 完全地; 绝对地; 彻底地: dead tired/drunk 极度疲倦[酩酊大醉] * dead sure/certain 绝对肯定[无疑] * dead level/straight 非常平[直] * You're dead right! 你完全正确! * dead slow, ie as slowly as possible 极慢 * dead ahead, ie directly ahead 正前方 * be dead against (ie absolutely opposed to) sth 坚决反对某事物. 2 (idm 习语) ,dead `beat (infml 口) very tired; exhausted 精疲力竭; 筋疲力尽. (be) ,dead `set against sb/sth (be) strongly opposed to sb/sth 强烈反对某人[某事物]. (be) dead set on sth (be) determined to do sth 决心做某事物: He's dead set on getting a new job. 他打定主意要找个新工作. stop dead => stop1. dead n 1 the dead [pl v] those who have died 已死的人: We carried the dead and (the) wounded off the battlefield. 我们把伤亡者抬出了战场. 2 (idm 习语) in the/at ,dead of `night in the quietest part of the night 在夜阑人静时: We escaped at dead of night, when the guards were asleep. 我们在夜静卫兵熟睡时逃跑了. in the ,dead of `winter in the coldest part of winter 在隆冬. 复合： `dead-beat n (infml 口) person who has no job and no money and has lost the will to live an active life 失业而穷途潦倒的人. ,dead `heat result in a race when two competitors finish at exactly the same time 两个竞赛者同时到达终点的比赛成绩. ,dead man's `handle handle on an electric train that cuts off the power if it is released （电动机车中自动切断电源的）安全手柄. ,dead-`pan adj expressionless 无表情的: a ,dead-pan `face/`look 无表情的脸[目光] * ,dead-pan `humour, ie when the speaker pretends to be very serious 无表情的幽默（说话人故作严肃认真）. ,dead `reckoning calculation of one's position by log2(1) or compass (when visibility is bad) （当能见度很低时）靠测程仪或罗盘定位的测定法.

dead4
,dead `weight heavy lifeless mass 重物: The drunken man was a dead weight in my arms. 这个醉汉在我怀里死沉.

deaden
[5dedn; 5dedn] v 1 [Tn] lessen the force or intensity of (sth) 减低（某物）的力量或强度: * drugs to deaden the pain 镇痛药 * My thick clothing deadened the blow. 我的厚衣减轻了打击的力量. * Your constant criticism has deadened their enthusiasm. 你接二连叁地批评降低了他们的热情. 2 [Tn.pr] ~ sb to sth make sb insensitive to sth 使某人对某事的感觉迟钝: * Unhappiness had deadened her to the lives of others. 她遭遇不幸, 因而对别人的生活也无动於衷.

deadline
[5dedlain; 5ded7lain] n point in time by which sth must be done 截止时间（必须完成某事物的期限）: * meet, miss a deadline 如期、 超过期限 * I have a March deadline for the novel, ie It must be finished by March. 我那本小说必须在叁月完成.

deadlock
[5dedlCk; 5ded7lak] n [C, U] complete failure to reach agreement or to settle a quarrel or grievance 僵局: * The negotiations have reached deadlock. 谈判陷入僵局. * We can only make minor concessions, but it might break the deadlock, ie allow a compromise. 我们只能做些较小的让步, 但这就可能打破僵局.

deadly
[5dedli; 5dedli] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 causing, or likely to cause, death （可能）致命的: * deadly poison 剧毒 * deadly weapons 致命的武器. 2 (fig 比喻) extremely effective, so that no defence is possible 极有效的（因而无法防御）: * His aim is deadly, ie so accurate that he can kill easily. 他弹无虚发. * She uses wit with deadly effect. 她聪明机智, 使人难以招架. 3 [attrib 作定语] filled with hate 充满仇恨的: * They are deadly enemies. 他们是死敌. 4 [attrib 作定语] like that of death 如死一样的: * deadly paleness, coldness, silence 死一样的苍白、 冰冷、 沉寂. 5 [attrib 作定语] extreme 极端的; 非常的: * deadly seriousness 极其严肃 * I'm in deadly earnest. 我是非常认真的. 6 (infml 口) very boring 令人生厌的: * The concert was absolutely deadly. 那音乐会十分枯燥. 7 (idm 习语) the (seven) deadly `sins serious sins that result in damnation 受上帝惩罚的（七）大重罪. 派生： deadly adv (a) as if dead 死一样地: deadly pale/cold 死一样地苍白[冰冷]. (b) (infml 口) extremely 极端地; 非常地: deadly serious, boring, dull, etc 非常严肃、 无聊、 乏味等. deadliness n [U]. 复合： ,deadly `nightshade poisonous plant with red flowers and black berries 颠茄.

deaf
[def; def] adj (-er, -est) 1 unable to hear at all or to hear well 聋的: * go deaf 变聋 * be deaf in one ear 一只耳聋 * He's getting deafer in his old age. 他年纪大了耳朵越来越聋. 2 [pred 作表语] ~ to sth unwilling to listen to sth 对某事听不进: * be deaf to all advice, requests, entreaties, etc 对一切劝告、 要求、 恳求等充耳不闻. 3 (idm 习语) (as) ,deaf as a `post/`doorpost (infml 口) very deaf 非常聋的. fall on deaf `ears be ignored or unnoticed by others 被别人忽视; 不受注意: * All her appeals for help fell on deaf ears. 她屡屡求助均无人理会. turn a deaf `ear (to sb/sth) refuse to listen (to sb/sth) 不肯听取（某人的话[某事物]）; 对...充耳不闻: * She turned a deaf ear to our warnings and got lost. 她对我们的警告充耳不闻, 结果迷失了方向. 派生： deaf n the deaf [pl v] deaf people 耳聋的人: television subtitles for the deaf 为聋人做的电视对白字幕. deafness n [U]. 复合： `deaf-aid n small (usu electronic) device that helps a person to hear; hearing-aid 助听器. ,deaf-and-`dumb unable to hear or speak 聋哑的; 不能听或说的: [attrib 作定语] a ,deaf-and-dumb `child 聋哑儿 * the ,deaf-and-dumb `alphabet, ie in which signs made with the hands are used for letters or words 聋哑人用的字母（以手势表示字母或词语者）; 聋哑人手语. ,deaf `mute person who is deaf and dumb 聋哑人.

deafen
[5defn; 5defEn] v [Tn] (a) make (sb) feel deaf or unable to hear sounds around him by making a very loud noise 使（某人）感到震耳欲聋: * We're being deafened by next door's stereo. 隔壁的立体声音响要把我们耳朵震聋. (b) make (sb) deaf 使（某人）耳聋: * The head injury deafened her for life. 她头部受伤以致终身耳聋. 派生： deafening adj very loud 震耳欲聋的: deafening thunder 震耳欲聋的雷声 * Please turn the radio down the noise is deafening. 请把收音机的声音开小一点--声音大得震耳欲聋. deafeningly adv: deafeningly loud 声大得震耳欲聋.

deal
1[di:l; dil] n [U] (esp Brit) (planks of) fir or pine wood 冷杉木或松木（的板）: * made of white deal 白松木制的 * [attrib 作定语] a deal table, floor, etc 杉木桌、 地板等.

dealer
[5di:lE(r); 5dill] n 1 person who distributes playing-cards 发牌者. 2 ~ (in sth) trader 商人: * a used-car dealer 旧车商 * a furniture dealer 家具商 * a dealer in (ie sb who buys and sells) stolen goods 买卖赃物的商人. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Dealers, traders and merchants are all people who earn money from selling goods. *dealers、 traders、 merchants都是以出售货物赚钱的人. 1 A trader works informally and casually selling household goods, etc, especially in a market *trader的工作是非正式的及临时性的, 出售的是日用百货等, 尤指在市场中出售者: a market/street trader 市场[走街]商人. A trader can also be a company buying and selling internationally *trader还可指从事国际贸易的公司: The company is an international trader in grain. 这家公司是国际粮食贸易公司. 2 A merchant sells particular (often imported) goods in large quantities *merchant是指大批量出售某种（常为进口的）货物的商人: He's a coal, wine, timber, tea, etc merchant. 他是经营煤、 酒、 木材、 茶等的商人. 3 A dealer sells especially individual objects and has a specialized knowledge of these *dealer是指专门出售某类物品, 并对之有专业知识的商人: She's an antique, a used-car, etc dealer. 她是经营古董、 旧车等的商人. Dealer is also used of someone who buys and sells illegally *dealer还可指做非法买卖者: He's a dealer in drugs/stolen goods. 他是个毒品贩子[贼赃贩子].

dealing
[5di:liN; 5diliN] n 1 [U] way of behaving, esp in business 作风; （尤指）经营作风: * Our company is proud of its reputation for fair dealing. 我们公司以享有经营作风正派的美誉而感到自豪. 2 (idm 习语) have dealings (with sb) have relations (with sb), esp in business （与某人）有关系（尤指在商业上）: * I'll have no further dealings with him. 我再不和他打交道了. * We've had no previous dealings with this company. 我们以前和这家公司没有商业往来.

dealt
pt, pp of deal3.

dean
[di:n; din] n 1 clergyman who is head of a cathedral chapter 教长（大教堂教士中职位最高者）; 主任牧师. 2 (also ,rural `dean) (esp Brit) clergyman who is responsible for a number of parishes （乡区的）主任牧师（主管若干牧区）. 3 (a) (in some universities) person who is responsible for discipline （在某些大学中的）学监. (b) head of a university department of studies （大学的）系主任: * dean of the faculty of law 法律系系主任. 4 (US) = doyen. 派生： deanery[5di:nEri; 5dinEri] n (a) office or house of a dean(1,2) 教长、 主任牧师或乡区牧师的办公室或住宅. (b) group of parishes under a rural dean 乡区主任牧师管辖下的若干牧区.

dear
[diE(r); dir] adj (-er, -est) 1 ~ (to sb) loved (by sb); greatly valued 亲爱的; 极为珍贵的: * my dear wife 我亲爱的妻子 * his dearest possessions, friends 他最宝贵的所有物、 朋友 * My daughter is very dear to me. 我的女儿是我的宝贝. * He lost everything that was dear to him. 他失去了自己珍爱的一切东西. 2 (used attributively with little and old to show fondness 作定语与little及old连用表示亲 之意): * What a dear little child! 多麽可爱的孩子! * Dear old Paul! 亲爱的保罗! 3 (used attributively as a form of address in letters, and politely or ironically in speech 冠於信函中的称谓及用於言语, 以示礼貌或讽刺): * Dear Sir/Madam 敬启者 * Dear Mr Bond 邦德先生台鉴 * My dear fellow, surely you don't mean that! 亲爱的朋友, 那决不是你的本意吧! 4 [usu pred 通常作表语] (Brit) expensive 昂贵: * Clothes are getting dearer. 衣服越来越贵了. * dear money, ie money on which a high rate of interest must be paid 须付高利的钱 * That shop is too dear for me, ie Its prices are too high. 对我来说, 这家商店的价格太高了. 5 (idm 习语) close/dear/near to sb's heart => heart. for dear life vigorously or desperately (as if trying to save oneself from death) 拚命地: * run, swim, pull, shout, argue for dear life 拚命地跑、 游、 拉、 喊、 争论. hold sb/sth `dear (rhet 修辞) cherish sb/sth; value sb/sth highly 喜爱某人[某事物]; 高度重视某人[某事物]: * I said farewell to those I hold dear. 我向我所喜爱的人们道别. * the ideals we hold dear 我们极为珍惜的理想. one's nearest and dearest => near1. 派生： dear adv 1 at a high cost 高价地; 昂贵地: If you want to make money, buy cheap and sell dear. 要想赚钱就得贱买贵卖. 2 (idm 习语) cost sb dear => cost1. dear n 1 lovable person 可爱的人: Isn't that baby a dear? 多可爱的婴儿啊! * Thank you, you are a dear. 谢谢你, 你真是好人.

dear1
* Be a dear and (ie Please) give me that book. 做做好事, 把那本书给我吧. 2 (used to address sb one knows very well 用以称呼极熟悉的人): Yes, dear, I'll write to mother. 是的, 亲爱的, 我要给妈妈写信. * Come here, my dear. 上这儿来, 亲爱的. dear interj (used in expressions of surprise, impatience, dismay, etc 用以表示惊奇、 不耐烦、 惊恐等): Oh dear! I think I've lost it! 糟糕! 我可能把它给丢了! * Dear me! What a mess! 天哪! 乱成什麽样子了! dearest[5diErist; 5dirist] n (used to address sb one likes very much 用以称呼非常喜爱的人): * Come, (my) dearest, let's go home. 好啦, 亲爱的, 咱们回家吧. dearly adv 1 very much 非常地: He loves his mother dearly. 他极爱他的母亲. * She would dearly like to get that job. 她非常想得到那份工作. 2 (fig rhet 比喻, 修辞) with great loss, damage, etc （损失、 损坏等）极大地: She paid dearly for her mistake, ie It caused her many problems. 她为自己的错误付出极大代价. * Victory was dearly bought, eg because many soldiers died. 胜利来之不易（如因牺牲了很多士兵）. 3 (idm 习语) sell one's life dearly => sell. dearness n [U].

dearth
[dE:W; dEW] n [sing] ~ (of sth) shortage; scarcity 缺乏; 稀少: * There seems to be a dearth of good young players at the moment. 目前似乎好的年轻选手太少了.

deary
(also dearie)[5diEri; 5diri] n (infml 口) (used by an older person to a much younger one 长者对年幼者用) dear(1); darling 亲爱的; 宝贝儿.

death
[deW; deW] n 1 [C] dying or being killed 死; 死亡: * Her death was a shock to him. 她的死对他是个打击. * There have been more deaths from drowning. 溺水死亡人数有所增加. * A bad driver was responsible for their deaths. 他们的死是个技术不佳的司机造成的. 2 [U] end of life; state of being dead 生命的终止; 死亡的状态: * Food poisoning can cause death. 食物中毒可导致死亡. * burn, starve, stab, etc sb to death, ie until he is dead 把某人烧死、 饿死、 刺死等 * You're drinking yourself to death. 你这样喝酒, 非喝死不可. * (usu joc 通常作戏谑语) Don't work yourself to death, ie Don't work too hard. 别把自己累死. * One mistake could mean death for him, ie could result in his being killed. 一个错误足可置他於死地. * sentenced to death, ie to be executed 被判死刑 * eyes closed in death 死後闭合的双眼 * united in death, eg of a husband and a wife in the same grave 死後合葬（如夫妇同葬一墓）. 3 (also Death) [U] power that destroys life, pictured as a person 死神: * Death is often shown in pictures as a human skeleton. 死神常被画成骷髅. 4 [U] ~ of sth ending or destruction of sth 终止; 毁灭: * the death of one's plans, hopes, etc 计划的破产、 希望的破灭 * the death of capitalism 资本主义的灭亡. 5 (idm 习语) (be) at death's `door (often ironic 常作反语) so ill that one may die 病得要死: * Stop groaning! You're not at death's door! 别哼哼了! 你还不至於死呢! (be) at the point of death => point1. be the death of sb (a) be the cause of sb's death 成为某人致死的原因: * That motorbike will be the death of you. 那辆摩托车就会要了你的命. (b) (often joc 常作戏谑语) cause sb great worry 引起某人极大忧虑: * Those kids will be the death of me, coming home so late every night. 那些孩子真把我气死了, 每天这麽晚才回家. be ,in at the `death be present when sth fails, comes to an end, etc 目睹某事物失败、 终结等:

death1
* The TV cameras were in at the death and filmed the arrest. 进行逮捕时正好有电视摄像机录下了这场面. bore sb to death/tears => bore2. catch one's death => catch1. dice with death => dice. die the death => die2. ,do sth to `death perform (a play, a piece of music, etc) so often that people become tired of seeing or hearing it （剧本、 乐曲等）频频演出而令人感到厌倦不愿再看或再听: * That idea's been done to death. 那主意听得腻死人了. a fate worse than death => fate. flog sth to death => flog. frighten/scare sb to death/out of his wits => frighten. the kiss of death => kiss. like grim death => grim. a matter of life and death => matter1. put sb to death execute sb; kill sb 处死某人; 杀死某人: * The prisoner was put to death (by firing squad) at dawn.那囚犯在黎明时被（行刑队）处决. sick to death of sb/sth => sick. sudden death => sudden. tickled pink/to death => tickle. to the death until sb is dead 直至某人死亡: * a fight to the death 拼到死的搏斗. 复合： `deathbed n bed in which a person is dying or dies 临终时卧的床: He forgave her on his deathbed, ie as he lay dying. 他在临终时原谅了她. * [attrib 作定语] a deathbed confession 临终的忏悔. `death-blow n (a) blow that kills 致命的打击. (b) event, act, etc that destroys or puts an end to sth 使某事物毁灭、 终结的事件、 行动等: Losing the contract was a death-blow to the company. 失去这一份合同的生意使公司受到致命的打击. `death certificate official form that states the cause and time of sb's death 死亡证明书. `death duty (Brit) (formerly) tax paid on property after the owner's death, now called capital transfer tax （旧时）遗产税（现称资产转让税）. `death-mask n cast2(2a) taken from the face of a person who has just died 从刚死的人面部制取的模型. `death penalty punishment of being executed for a crime 死刑.

death2
`death rate yearly number of deaths per 1000 people in a group 死亡率（每年每1000人中的死亡人数）. `death-rattle n rattling sound in the throat of a dying person 临终前喉头发出的呼噜声. ,death `row (also death house) (US) group of prison cells for those condemned to death 死囚的牢房. `death's head human skull as an emblem of death 象徵死亡的骷髅头. `death-toll n number of people killed (eg in a war or an earthquake) 死亡名单（如在战争或地震中）. `death-trap n (a) place where many people have died in accidents 死亡陷阱（造成许多人在事故中死亡的地方）: That sharp bend is a death-trap for motorists. 那个急转弯是开汽车的人的死亡陷阱. (b) place where many people could die (eg in a fire) 可使许多人死亡的地方（如火场）: The cars blocking the exits could turn this place into a death-trap. 那些汽车堵住出口能把这地方变成遭难场所. `death-warrant n 1 (a) written order that sb should be executed 死刑执行令. (b) act, decision, etc that causes the end of sth 使某事物终止的行动、 决定等: The tax is a death-warrant for small businesses. 交税是小企业的致命负担. 2 (idm 习语) sign sb's/one's own death-warrant => sign2. ,death-watch `beetle small beetle whose larva bores into wood with a ticking sound 红毛窃蠹（一种小甲虫）. `death-wish n (often subconscious) desire for one's own or sb else's death （常为潜意识的）希望自己或他人死亡的想法.

deathless
[5deWlis; 5deWlis] adj (fml 文) never to be forgotten; immortal 永 的; 永生的; 不朽的: * deathless fame, glory, etc 不朽的声誉、 荣誉等 * (ironic 反语) The letter was written in his usual deathless (ie bad, unmemorable) prose. 他这封信是用其万世不变的笔调写成的.

deathlike
[5deWlaik; 5deW7laik] adj like that of death 像死一样的: * a deathlike silence/paleness 死寂[死样的苍白].

deathly
[5deWli; 5deWli] adj (-lier, -liest) like or suggesting death 死一般的; 有死亡含义的: * a deathly stillness/hush/silence/pallor 死一般的平静[寂静/苍白]. > deathly adv: * deathly pale/cold 死人一样地苍白[冰凉].

deb
[deb; deb] n (infml 口) = debutante.

debacle
[dei'ba:kl; de'bakl] n (a) sudden and complete failure; fiasco 突然的大失败; 惨败: * His first performance was a debacle: * the audience booed him off the stage. 他的首场演出一败涂地, 观众发出嘘声把他轰下了台. (b) retreat by beaten troops who run away scared and in disorder 败军在慌乱中的溃逃: * Many men were shot or captured in the debacle. 败军在溃逃时有很多人被击毙或俘虏.

debar
[di'ba:(r); di'bar] v (-rr-) [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: * Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from sth) (a) shut sb out (of a place) 将某人排斥在（某地之）外: * People in jeans were debarred (from the club). 穿牛仔裤的人均未准进入（俱乐部）. (b) prevent sb (from exercising a right, etc) 阻止某人（行使某项权利等）: * Convicted criminals are debarred from voting in elections. 已判刑的罪犯均被褫夺选举投票权.

debark
[di'ba:k; di'bark] v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sb/sth) (from sth) = disembark. > debarkation[7di:-ba:'keiFn; 7dibar'keFEn] n [U] = disembarkation.

debase
[di'beis; di'bes] v [Tn] 1 lower the quality, status or value of (sth) 降低（某物的）质量、 地位或价值: * Sport is being debased by commercialism. 体育运动的价值受商业化影响而逐渐下降. * You debase yourself by telling such lies. 你说这些谎话就降低了身分. 2 lower the value of (coins) by using less valuable metal in them 降低（硬币的）价值（减少含贵金属的成色）. > debasement n [U].

debatable
[di'beitEbl; di'betEbl] adj not certain; open to question; arguable 不肯定的; 有待解决的; 可争议的: * It's debatable whether or not the reforms have improved conditions. 改革是否改善了现状, 这问题仍有争议. * a debatable point, claim, etc 有争论的观点、 要求等. > debatably[-bli; -bli] adv.

debate
[di'beit; di'bet] n [C, U] (a) formal argument or discussion of a question, eg at a public meeting or in Parliament, with two or more opposing speakers, and often ending in a vote （正式的）辩论, 讨论（如在公众集会或议会中, 常以表决结束）: * After a long debate, the House of Commons approved the bill. 经过长时间的辩论, 下议院通过了议案. * to open the debate, ie be the first to speak 开始辩论（第一个发言） * the motion under debate, ie being discussed 在辩论中的动议. (b) argument or discussion in general （一般性的）辩论, 讨论: * After much debate, we decided to move to Oxford. 我们经充分讨论决定迁往牛津. * We had long debates at college about politics. 我们上大学时曾长时间地辩论政治问题. * Her resignation caused much public debate. 她辞职一事引起群众议论纷纷. 派生： debate v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tw, Tg] ~ (about sth) have a debate(2) about (sth); discuss (sth) 对（某事）进行辩论; 讨论（某事）: What are they debating (about)? 他们在辩论什麽? * We're just debating what to do next. 我们正讨论下一步该做什麽事. * They debated closing the factory. 他们争论是否关闭工厂. 2 [Tn, Tw, Tg] think (sth) over in order to decide 考虑（某事物）以决定: I debated it for a while, then decided not to go. 我反覆考虑後决定不去. * I'm debating where to go on holiday. 我在琢磨到何处度假. * He debated buying a new car, but didn't in the end. 他思量很久是否买辆新汽车, 但最後还是没买. debater n person who debates (debate 1) 辩论的人.

debauch
[di'bC:tF; di'bCtF] v [Tn] make (sb) act immorally by using bad influence 诱使（某人）做不道德的事: * He debauched (ie seduced) many innocent girls. 他诱使许多清白的女子堕落了. 派生： debauch n occasion of excessive drinking or immoral behaviour, usu involving several people 狂饮或放荡的场合（通常有数人参加）: go on a drunken debauch 进行狂饮作乐. debauched adj immoral, esp sexually 不道德的; （尤指）淫荡的: to live a debauched life 过着淫逸生活. debauchee[7debC:'tFi:; 7debC'tFi] n debauched person 道德败坏的人. debauchery/di'bC:tFEri; di'bCtFEri] n (a) [U] immoral behaviour, esp in sexual matters 道德败坏; （尤指）淫荡: * a life of debauchery 放荡淫逸的生活. (b) [C] example or period of this 放荡; 淫逸: * His debaucheries ruined his health. 他生活放荡因而身体亏损.

debenture
[di'bentFE(r); di'bentFl] n certificate given by a business corporation, etc as a receipt for money lent at a fixed rate of interest until the loan is repaid 债券: * [attrib 作定语] debenture shares 债券股.

debilitate
[di'biliteit; di'bilE7tet] v [Tn] make (a person or his body) very weak 使（人或人的身体）非常虚弱: * a debilitating illness, climate 使人虚弱的疾病、 气候 * She has been debilitated by dysentery. 她让痢疾搞得身体非常虚弱. * (fig 比喻) Huge debts are debilitating their economy. 沉重的债务大大削弱了他们的经济.

debility
[di'bilEti; di'bilEti] n [U] physical weakness 身体的虚弱: * After her operation she suffered from general debility. 她在手术後感到全身虚弱.

debit
[5debit; 5debit] n (a) (in bookkeeping) written note in an account of a sum owed or paid out （簿记中的）收方, 借方. (b) sum withdrawn from an account 从帐户中提取的款项: * My bank account shows two debits of 5 each. 我的银行帐户借方记入了两笔5英镑的款项. Cf 参看 credit, direct debit (direct1). 派生： debit v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (against/to sb/sth);~sb/sth (with sth) record (a sum of money) owed or withdrawn (by sb) 将（款额）记入（某人帐户的）收方, 借方: Debit 5 against my account. 在我的帐户借方记入5英镑. * Debit 50 to me. 把50英镑记入我的帐户借方. * She/Her account was debited with 50. 在她的帐户借方记入了50英镑. 复合： `debit side left-hand side of an account, on which debits are entered 收方, 借方（簿记帐户的左方, 记载借贷的款项）.

debonair
[7debE'neE(r); 7debE'ner] adj (usu of men) cheerful and self-assured （通常指男人）愉快而自信的: * He strolled about, looking very debonair in his elegant new suit. 他穿了一身讲究的新衣服逛来逛去, 显得颇为惬意.

debouch
[di'bautF; di'bautF] v [I, Ipr] ~ (into sth) (a) (military 军) (of troops) come out into open ground （指部队）进入开阔地: * The army debouched from the mountains into a wide plain. 军队从山里开出, 进入宽阔平原. (b) (of a river, road, etc) merge into a larger body or area （指河流、 道路等）进入一较大区域: * The stream debouches into the estuary. 这条河流入河口湾.

debrief
[di:'bri:f; di'brif] v [Tn, Tn.pr] (esp military 尤用於军事) question (a soldier, an astronaut, a diplomat, etc) esp about a mission that he has just completed 询问（士兵、 宇航员、 外交人员等）执行任务的情况: * a debriefing session 情况查询会 * While being debriefed the defector named two double agents. 在询问过程中叛变者供出了两名双重间谍. * Pilots were debriefed on the bombing raid. 驾驶员汇报了空袭情况. Cf 参看 brief2.

debris
[5deibri:; - dE'bri:; dE'bri] n [U] scattered fragments; wreckage 散落的碎片; 残骸: * After the crash, debris from the plane was scattered over a large area. 飞机坠毁後, 残骸散落在一大片土地上. * searching among the debris after the explosion 爆炸後在瓦砾中进行的搜寻.

debt
[det; det] n 1 (a) [C] sum of money owed to sb that has not yet been paid 债务; 欠款: * If I pay all my debts I'll have no money left. 我若还清所有欠债就分文不剩了. (b) [U] owing money, esp when one cannot pay 欠债（尤指无法偿还的）: * We were poor, but we avoided debt. 我们穷是穷, 但还不至於背债. 2 [C usu sing 通常作单数] (fig 比喻) obligation to sb for their help, kindness, etc 人情债: * I'm happy to acknowledge my debt to my teachers. 我能有机会向老师们表示感谢, 我觉得十分高兴. * owe sb a debt of gratitude 欠某人恩情. 3 (idm 习语) be ,in/,out of `debt owe/not owe a lot of money 欠[不欠]债. be in sb's `debt (fml 文) feel grateful to sb for his help, kindness, etc 欠某人之情: * You saved my life: * I am forever in your debt. 你救了我的命: * 我永远感恩不尽. ,get/,run into `debt reach a stage where one owes a lot of money 负债. ,get out of `debt reach a stage where one no longer owes money 还清欠款. a ,debt of `honour debt that one feels morally obliged to pay even though one is not required by law to do so 信誉债（无法律约束力而道义上有责任偿还者）. 派生： debtor[5detE(r); 5detl] n person who owes money to sb 债务人: * receive payment from one's debtors 从债务人处收到付款.

debug
[7di:'bQg; di'bQg] v (-gg-) [Tn] (infml 口) 1 find and remove defects in (a computer program, machine, etc) 检测并排除（计算机程序、 机器等）中的故障. 2 find and remove hidden microphones from (a room, house, etc) 从（房屋等）中找出并除掉窃听器: * The place has been completely debugged. 这地方的窃听器已彻底清除.

debunk
[7di:'bQNk; di'bQNk] v [Tn] show that the reputation of (a person, an idea, an institution, etc) is undeserved or exaggerated 揭穿（某人、 某思想、 某机构等）名不副实: * debunk fashionable opinions 指出流行一时的说法的不是.

debut
(also debut)[5deibju:; - di'bju:; di'bju] n first appearance in public as a performer (on stage, etc) 演员首次（登台等）演出: * He marked his debut by beating the champion. 他初次上阵即击败了冠军而一鸣惊人. * She's making her New York debut at Carnegie Hall. 她在卡内基音乐堂举行她在纽约的首次演出.

debutante
[5debju:ta:nt; 7debju'tant] (also infml 口语亦作 deb) n young woman making her first appearance in fashionable society 初次在上流社会的社交场合露面的少女.

Dec
abbr 缩写 = December: 5 Dec 1909 1909年12月5日.

deca-
comb form 构词成分 ten 十: decathlon. =>App 11 见附录11.

decade
[5dekeid; 5deked] n period of ten years 十年: * the first decade of the 20th century, ie 1900-1909 20世纪最初的十年（1900-1909）.

decadence
[5dekEdEns; 5dekEdEns] n [U] (a) (falling to a) lower level (in morals, art, literature, etc) esp after a period at a high level （道德伦理、 艺术、 文学等的）衰落, 堕落（尤指经过一鼎盛时期後）: * the decadence of late Victorian art 维多利亚晚期文艺的衰落. (b) attitude or behaviour that shows this 表现出此种衰落的态度或行为: * the decadence of the rich Western countries 富裕的西方国家中的颓废行为. > decadent[5dekEdEnt; 5dekE-dEnt] adj: * a decadent society, style 堕落的社会、 作风 * decadent behaviour 颓废的行为.

decaffeinated
[7di:'kAfineitid; di'kAfE7netid] adj with most or all of the caffeine removed （大部或全部）除去咖啡因的: * decaffeinated coffee 除去咖啡因的咖啡.

Decalogue
[5dekElCg; - -lC:g; 5dekE7lCg] n the Decalogue (in the Bible) the Ten Commandments given to Moses by God （《圣经》中的）十诫.

decamp
[di'kAmp; di'kAmp] v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) go away suddenly and often secretly (taking sth with one) （突然而常为秘密地）（携某物）逃走: * She has decamped with all our money. 她携带我们所有的钱潜逃了. 2 [I] leave a camp or a place where one has camped 撤营; 离开宿营地: * The soldiers decamped at dawn. 士兵在黎明时撤离了营地.

decant
[di'kAnt; di'kAnt] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (into sth) pour (wine, etc) from a bottle into another container, esp slowly so that the sediment is left behind 将（酒等）自瓶中倒入另一容器（尤指慢倒以留下沉淀）. 派生： decanter n (usu decorative) glass bottle with a stopper into which wine, etc may be decanted before serving （通常为有装饰的）带瓶塞的玻璃瓶（用以盛除去沉淀的酒等）. =>illus at bottle 见bottle之插图.

decapitate
[di'kApiteit; di'kApE7tet] v [Tn] cut the head off (esp a person or an animal) 杀头（可指人或动物）. > decapitation/di7kpi'teiFn; di7kApE'teFEn] n [U, C].

decarbonize, decarbonise
[7di:'ka:bEnaiz; di'karbEn7aiz] (also infml 口语亦作 decoke) v [Tn] remove carbon from (esp the cylinders of an internal combustion engine) 除去（尤指内燃机汽缸）中的碳.

decathlon
[di'kAWlCn; di'kAWlan] n athletic contest in which each participant must take part in all of ten events 十项全能运动. 派生： decathlete/di'kWli:t; di'kAW7lit] n athlete who competes in a decathlon 完成十项全能运动的运动员.

decay
[di'kei; di'ke] v 1 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become bad; rot; decompose （使某物）变坏, 腐烂, 变质: * decaying teeth, vegetables 龋齿、 腐烂的蔬菜 * Sugar decays your teeth. 糖能腐蚀牙齿. 2 [I] lose power, vigour, influence, etc 失去权力、 活力、 影响等: * a decaying culture, society, regime, etc 衰退的文化、 社会、 政权等 * Our powers decay (ie We become less strong, alert, etc) in old age. 我们的体力、 精力在老年时就衰退. 派生： decay n [U] (state reached by the process of) decaying 腐败、 衰退的状态: `tooth decay 蛀牙 * The empire is in decay. 帝国在衰亡. * The feudal system slowly fell into decay, ie stopped working. 封建制度在缓慢地衰亡.

decease
[di'si:s; di'sis] n [U] (law or fml 律或文) death (of a person) （人的）死亡. 派生： deceased adj dead 死的: a deceased father, uncle, spouse, etc 已故的父亲、 叔父、 配偶等 * Both her parents are deceased. 她的双亲均已辞世. the deceased n (pl unchanged 复数不变) (law or fml 律或文) person who has died, esp recently 已死的人（尤指死去不久者）.

deceit
[di'si:t; di'sit] n 1 [U] deliberately leading sb to believe or accept sth that is false, usu so as to get sth for oneself; deceiving 欺骗; 欺诈: * practice deceit on sb 对某人进行欺骗 * She won her promotion by deceit. 她用欺骗手段得以晋升. 2 [C] dishonest act or statement 不诚实的行为或言语: * She got them to hand over all their money by a wicked deceit. 她用卑鄙的手段使他们把所有的钱移交给她. 派生： deceitful/di'si:tfl; di'sitfEl] adj 1 often deceiving people; dishonest 惯於欺骗的; 不诚实的: * You've been going there without telling me, you deceitful child! 你一直在瞒着我到那地方去, 你这不诚实的孩子! 2 intended to mislead 有意误导的: * deceitful words, behaviour 使人 受骗的话、 行为. deceitfully[-fuli; -fEli] adv. deceitfulness n [U].

deceive
[di'si:v; di'siv] v [Tn, Tn.pr] 1 ~ sb/oneself (into doing sth) make sb believe sth that is not true (so as to make him do sth); deliberately mislead sb 欺骗某人（去做某事）; 使自己信以为真（去做某事）; 故意使（某人）误解: * You can't pass exams without working, so don't deceive yourself (into thinking you can). 不努力是考不及格的, 因此不要欺骗自己（以为可以及格）. * We were deceived into believing that he could help us. 我们受骗了, 还以为他能帮助我们. * His friendly manner did not deceive us for long. 他那热情的样子并没把我们欺骗多久. 2 ~ sb (with sb) be sexually unfaithful to (one's spouse, etc) （指性行为）对（配偶等）不忠: * He's been deceiving his wife with another woman for months. 他几个月来一直瞒着妻子与另一女人来往. 派生： deceiver[-vE(r); -vl] n person who deceives 骗子.

decelerate
[7di:'selEreit; di'selE7ret] v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) slow down （使某物）减速. Cf 参看 accelerate. 派生： deceleration[7di:selE'reiFn; di7selE'reFEn] n [U] (a) slowing down or being caused to slow down 减速. (b) rate of decrease of speed per unit of time 单位时间内的减速率.

December
[di'sembE(r); di'sembl] n [U, C] (abbr 缩写 Dec) the twelfth month of the year, next after November 十二月. For the uses of December see the examples at April. 关於December的用法见April词条中的示例.

decency
[5di:snsi; 5disnsi] n 1 [U] quality of being or appearing as respectable people would wish 正派; 端庄; 高雅; 体面: * an offence against decency, eg appearing naked in public 有伤风化之举（如当众裸体） * Have the decency to (ie Be polite and) apologize for what you did! 讲点礼貌, 为你所做的事道歉! 2 the decencies [pl] standards of respectable behaviour in society 社会上高尚文雅行为的标准: * We must observe the decencies and attend the funeral. 我们要遵照礼仪参加葬礼.

decent
[5di:snt; 5disnt] adj 1 (a) proper; acceptable 适当的; 可接受的: * We must provide decent housing for the poor. 我们必须为穷苦人提供适当的住房. * The hospital has no decent equipment. 这家医院没有像样的设备. * He's done the decent thing and resigned. 他做了件体面的事, 辞职了. (b) not likely to shock or embarrass others; modest 不致使别人吃惊或难堪的; 适度的; 得体的: * That dress isn't decent. 那件连衣裙不够体面. * (infml 口) Are you decent? ie Are you properly dressed? 你的穿戴得体吗? * Never tell stories that are not decent, ie that are obscene. 切勿讲不雅的故事. Cf 参看 indecent. 2 satisfactory; quite good 令人满意的; 相当好的: * earn a decent wage, living, etc 赚可观的工资、 生活费等 * That was quite a decent lunch. 那顿午餐相当不错. * They're a decent firm to work for, ie They treat their employees well. 在那家公司工作挺不错. * He's a thoroughly decent (ie honourable) man. 他是个极为正直的人. 派生： decently adv in a decent(1, 2) manner 合适地; 适度地; 体面地: decently dressed 衣着体面的 * behave decently 规规矩矩地行事.

decentralize
[7di:'sentrElaiz; di'sentrEl7aiz] v [I, Tn] 1 transfer (power, authority, etc) from central government to regional government 权力下放; 将（权力、 权限等）自中央政府转到地方政府: * If we decentralize, the provinces will have more autonomy. 我们把权力下放, 各省就有更多的自主权. 2 distribute (industry, workers, population, etc) over a wider area away from the centre 将（工业、 工人、 人口等）自集中点分散到较大的区域内. > decentralization, -isation/ 9di:sentrElaI5zeIFn; ?@ -lI5z-; 9disZntrElE`zeFEn] n [U].

deception
[di'sepFn; di'sepFEn] n 1 [U] deceiving or being deceived 欺骗: * obtain sth by deception 用欺骗手段获得某事物 * practise deception on the public 欺骗公众. 2 [C] trick intended to deceive 骗术; 诡计: * It was an innocent deception, meant as a joke. 那是无伤大雅的鬼把戏, 开个玩笑而已.

deceptive
[di'septiv; di'septiv] adj likely to deceive; misleading 可能欺骗的; 导致误解的: * Appearances are often deceptive, ie Things are not always what they seem to be. 外表往往是靠不住的. * Her simple style is deceptive: * what she has to say is very profound. 别以为她的工作方法简单, 她说出话来是很有分量的. > deceptively adv: * The tank is deceptively small: * it actually holds quite a lot. 这容器看上去很小, 实际上可以装很多东西.

deci-
comb form 构词成分 (in the metric system) one tenth part of （公制的）十分之一: decilitre * decimetre. =>App 11 见附录11.

decibel
[5desibel; 5desE7bel] n unit for measuring the relative loudness of sounds, or for measuring power levels in electrical communications 分贝.

decide
[di'said; di'said] v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] settle (a dispute, an issue or a case); give a judgement on (sth) 解决（争端、 问题或案件）; 对（某事物）作出判断: * The judge will decide (the case) tomorrow. 法官明天判决此案. * It's difficult to decide between the two. 很难在这两者之间决定取舍. * The judge decided for/against the plaintiff. 法官判决原告胜诉[败诉]. * Her argument decided the issue in his favour. 她的论据促成问题的解决对他有利. 2 (a) [I, Ipr, Tn, Tf, Tw, Tt] ~ (on/against sth/sb) consider and come to a conclusion; make up one's mind; resolve 考虑後作出决定; 下决心; 决定: * With so many choices, it's hard to decide (what to buy). 有这麽多可选择的, 真难决定（买什麽）. * After seeing all the candidates we've decided on (ie chosen) this one. 我们见了所有的候选人, 决定选这位. * decide against changing one's job 决定不改变工作 * I never thought she'd decide that! 我从来没想到她会决定此事! * It has been decided that the book should be revised. 已经决定这本书要重新修订. * She decided not to go alone. 她决定不单独去. (b) [Ipr, Tn, Tw] (of events, actions, etc) have an important, definite effect on (sth) （指事件、 行动等）对某事物有重要的、 肯定的效果: * I wanted to be a painter, but circumstances decided otherwise, ie forced me to be something else. 我本想当画家, 可是环境对我另作安排. * A chance meeting decided my career. 偶然的会面决定了我的事业. * This last game will decide who is to be champion. 最後一局将决定谁是冠军. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tnt] cause (sb) to reach a decision 使（某人）作出决定: * What finally decided you against it? 是什麽事情使你最後决定不做此事? * That decided me to leave my job. 那件事使我决定离职. 派生： decided adj 1 [attrib 作定语] clear; definite 清楚的; 明确的; 肯定的: There is a decided difference between the two sisters. 这对姐妹之间有明显不同之处.

decide1
* a person of decided views 有明确看法的人. 2 ~ (about sth) determined 坚决的; 坚定的: a decided effort to improve sales 提高销售量的坚决努力 * He won't go: he's quite decided about it. 他绝不去: 他对此事很坚定. decidedly adv definitely; undoubtedly 肯定地; 无疑地: I feel decidedly unwell this morning. 我今天上午确实感到不舒服. decider n game, race, etc to settle a contest between competitors who have previously finished equal 在成平局的竞赛者之间决定胜负的一局、 比赛等.

deciduous
[di'sidjuEs, di'sidVuEs; di'sidVuEs] adj (of a tree) that loses its leaves annually, usu in autumn （指树木）每年（通常在秋季）落叶的: * deciduous forests 落叶林. Cf 参看 evergreen. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page i.

decilitre
[5desili:tE(r); 5desE7litl] n unit of capacity in the metric system, equal to one tenth of a litre 分升（十分之一升）.

decimal
[5desiml; 5desEml] adj based on or reckoned in tens or tenths 十进位的: * decimal coinage/currency 十进币制. 派生： ,decimal n (also ,decimal `fraction) fraction expressed in tenths, hundredths, etc （以十分之一、 百分之一等表示的）小数: The decimal 0.61 stands for 61 hundredths. 小数0.61代表百分之六十一. =>App 4 见附录4. decimalize, -ise[-mElaiz; -mE7laiz] v 1 [Tn] express a number as a decimal fraction 以小数表示一数字: * 1 decimalized is 1.5. 1以小数表示为1.5. 2 [I, Tn] change (currency) to a decimal system 将（货币）改为十进制: * The country decided to decimalize (its coinage). 这个国家决定将货币改为十进制. decimalization, -isation[7desimElai'zeiFn; - -li'z-; 7desEmEli'zeFEn] n [U]. 复合： ,decimal `point dot or point placed after the unit figure in the writing of decimals, eg in 15.61 小数点（如15.61中的小数点）. `decimal system system of numbers, measures or currency based on the number ten 十进制.

decimate
[5desimeit; 5desE7met] v [Tn] (a) kill or destroy a large part of (sth) 杀死或毁坏（某物）之大部: * Disease has decimated the population. 疾病使大部分人死亡. (b) (infml 口) reduce (sth) considerably 相当程度地减少、 降低（某事物）: * Student numbers have been decimated by cuts in grants. 助学金削减後, 学生人数大大减少. > decimation/desi'meiFn; 7desE'meFEn] n [U].

decimetre
[5desimi:tE(r); 5desE7mitl] n unit of length in the metric system, equal to one tenth of a metre 分米（一米的十分之一）.

decipher
[di'saifE(r); di'saifl] v [Tn, Tw] succeed in understanding (a coded message, bad handwriting, etc) 破译（密码）; 辩认（潦草字迹）: * I can't decipher what is inscribed on the pillar. 我认不出刻在柱子上的是什麽. * (infml 口) Can you decipher her scrawl? 你能辨认出她乱写的是什麽吗? 派生： decipherable/di'saifrEbl; di'saifrEbl] adj that can be deciphered 可译解的; 可破译的; 可辨认得出的.

decision
[di'siVn; di'siVEn] n 1 ~ (on/against sth); ~ (to do sth) (a) [U] deciding; making up one's mind 决定; 决心: * It's a matter for personal decision, ie Everybody must decide for themselves. 这是须由个人作决定的问题. (b) [C] conclusion reached; judgement 得到的结论; 判断: * arrive at/come to/make/reach a decision 作出决定 * his decision against going on holiday 他不休假的决定 * We took the difficult decision to leave. 我们好不容易才作出离开的决定. * Her decision to retire surprised us all. 她决定退休, 我们大为惊讶. * give a decision on an issue 就某问题作出决定 * The judge's decision was to award damages to the defendant. 法官判决赔偿被告损失. * Discussion should be part of the decision-making process. 进行讨论该是作决定的过程. 2 [U] ability to decide quickly 迅速决定的能力: * Anyone who lacks decision (ie who hesitates, can't decide questions) shouldn't be a leader. 不果断的人不应做领导.

decisive
[di'saisiv; di'saisiv] adj 1 having a particular, important or conclusive effect 有特殊、 重要或决定性效果的: * a decisive victory, battle, moment 决定性的胜利、 战役、 时刻 * The injury to their key player could be a decisive factor in the game. 他们主力队员受伤可能是这场比赛决定胜负的因素. 2 having or showing the ability to decide quickly 果断的; 决断的: * a decisive person, answer, manner 果断的人、 回答、 方式 * Be decisive tell them exactly what you think should be done! 果断些--确切地告诉他们你认为应该怎麽做! > decisively adv: * act, answer decisively 果断地行动、 回答. decisiveness n [U].

deck
1[dek; dek] n 1 (a) any of the floors of a ship in or above the hull 甲板: * My cabin is on E deck. 我的舱位在E层甲板. * below deck(s), ie in(to) the space under the main deck 在主甲板之下. =>illus at yacht 见yacht之插图. (b) any similar area, eg the floor of a bus 任何类似甲板的地方（如公共汽车的层面）: * the top deck of a double-decker bus 双层公共汽车的顶层. 2 (esp US) pack of playing-cards 一副纸牌. 3 (a) platform on which the turntable and pick-up arm of a record-player rest 电唱机的转盘及拾音器臂的支托面. (b) device for holding and playing magnetic tape, discs, etc in sound-recording equipment or a computer 录音设备或计算机中放磁带或磁盘的装置. 4 (idm 习语) clear the decks => clear3. hit the deck => hit1. on deck (a) on the main deck of a ship 在船的主甲板上. (b) (esp US) ready for action, duty, etc 准备行动、 执行任务等. 派生： deck v [Tn] (US infml 口) knock (sb) to the ground 将（某人）打倒在地: He decked him with his first punch. 他第一拳就把他打倒在地. -decker (forming compound ns and adjs 用以构成复合名词及形容词) having a specified number of decks or layers 有某数目的甲板或层面的: a ,double-/,single-decker `bus * a ,triple-decker `sandwich, ie one with three layers of bread. 复合： `deck-chair n portable folding chair with a (usu) canvas seat on a wood or metal frame, used out of doors, eg in parks and on the beach （户外用的）摺叠帆布躺椅. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page vii. `deck-hand n member of a ship's crew who works on deck 在甲板上工作的海员.

declaim
[di'kleim; di'klem] v 1 [I, Tn] speak (sth) as if addressing an audience （像演讲般）说（话）: * A preacher stood declaiming in the town centre. 传教士站在市镇中心慷慨陈词. * He declaims his poetry, ie recites it formally and with great feeling. 他朗诵自己的诗歌. 2 [Ipr] ~ against sb/sth attack sb/sth in words 抨击某人[某事物]: * She wrote a book declaiming against our corrupt society. 她写了一本书抨击我们这腐败的社会.

declamation
[7deklE'meiFn; 7deklE'meFEn] n (a) [U] declaiming 朗诵: * the declamation of poetry 诗歌朗诵. (b) [C] formal speech, esp one made with great feeling 正式演说; （尤指）慷慨陈词. 派生： declamatory/di'klmEtEri; - -tC:ri; di'klAmE-7tCri] adj formal and rhetorical; (spoken) with great feeling 正式的及遣词讲究的; （说话）慷慨激昂的: * her high-flown declamatory style 她的夸张而雄辩的风格.

declaration
[7deklE'reiFn; 7deklE'reFEn] n 1 (a) [U] declaring; formally announcing 宣言; 宣布; 正式声明: * He was in favour of the declaration of a truce. 他赞成宣布停战. (b) [C] formal announcement 宣言; 公告: * a declaration of war 宣战 * the Declaration of Human Rights, ie by the United Nations, stating an individual's basic rights 人权宣言. 2 [C] written notification 书面通知: * a declaration of income, ie made to the tax authorities 收益申报（向税务部门所做的） * a customs declaration, ie a form giving details of the contents of a parcel, consignment, etc on which duty may be payable 报关单（详列包裹、 托运品中应纳税项目的申报表）.

declare
[di'kleE(r); di'kler] v 1 (a) [Tn, Tf, Tw, Cn.a, Cn.n, Cn.t, Dpr.f, Dpr.w] formally announce (sth); make known clearly 正式宣布（某事）; 表明: * `I'm not coming with you and that's final!’ declared Mary. ‘我不跟你去--这是最後决定!’玛丽郑重地说. * declare that the war is over 宣布战争结束 * They then declared (to us all) what had been decided. 他们然後（对我们全体）宣布所作出的决定. * They declared him (to be) the winner. 他们宣布他为得胜者. * I declare the meeting closed. 我宣布会议结束. (b) [Tf, Cn.a, Cn.t] say (sth) solemnly 郑重地说（某事）: * He declared that he was innocent. 他郑重声明他是清白的. * She was declared (to be) guilty. 已宣判她有罪. 2 [Ipr] ~ for/against sth/sb say that one is/is not in favour of sth/sb 表示赞成[不赞成]某事物[某人]: * The commission declared against the proposed scheme. 委员会反对所提的计划. 3 [Tn] tell the tax authorities about (one's income), or customs officers about (dutiable goods brought into a country) 向税务部门申报（自己的收益）或向海关官员申报（应纳税的物品）: * You must declare all you have earned in the last year. 你必须申报去年的总收入. * Have you anything to declare? 你有什麽要申报纳税的吗? 4 [I, Cn.a] (in cricket) choose to end one's team's innings before all ten wickets have fallen （板球）（在十个击球员并未全部出局时）宣布本队不再继续击球: * The captain declared (the innings closed) at a score of 395 for 5 wickets. 队长在五人出局得395分时宣布不再继续击球. 5 (idm 习语) declare an/one's `interest reveal to others any facts that might be thought to influence one's opinions or actions on a particular issue 申报利益. declare trumps (in card-games) say which suit will be trumps （纸牌戏中）宣布哪一花色牌为王牌. declare `war (on/against sb) announce that one is at war (with sb) （向某人）宣战:

declare1
* War has been declared. 已经宣战了. 派生： declared adj [attrib 作定语declassify /// [7di:'klAsifai; di'klAsE7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn] declare (information) to be no longer secret 宣布（资料）不再保密: * Plans for nuclear plants have been declassified. 建造核装备的计划已不再保密. > declassification[7di:7klAsifi'keiFn; 5di7klAsEfE'ke-FEn] n [U].

declension
[di'klenFn; di'klenFEn] n (grammar) (a) [U] varying the endings of nouns and pronouns according to their function in a sentence （名词和代词在句中的）词尾变化. Cf 参看 case1 8. (b) [C] class of words with the same range of endings for the different cases (case1 8) 在各格中词尾同形的一类词: * In Latin, the nominative case of first declension nouns ends in `a'. 在拉丁文中, 属於第一类词形变化的名词的主格以a结尾.

declination
[7dekli'neiFn; 7deklE'neFEn] n [U, C] (physics 物) deviation of the needle of a compass, east or west from true north （罗盘指针的）偏差（如正北偏东或偏西）; 磁偏角.

decline
1[di'klain; di'klain] v 1 [I, Tn, Tt] say `no' to (sth); refuse (sth offered), usu politely 拒绝（接受某物）; （通常指）谢绝: * I invited her to join us, but she declined. 我邀请她和我们在一起, 可是她婉言谢绝了. * decline an invitation to dinner 谢绝宴请 * He declined to discuss his plans. 他拒绝讨论他的计划. 2 [I] become smaller, weaker, fewer, etc; diminish 变小; 变弱; 变少: * Her influence declined after she lost the election. 她落选後其影响力大为降低. * a declining birth-rate 逐渐下降的出生率 * declining sales 销售量下降 * He spent his declining years (ie those at the end of his life) in the country. 他在乡村度过晚年. 3 (grammar) (a) [Tn] vary the endings of (nouns and pronouns) according to their function in a sentence 改变（名词和代词）的词尾（根据其在句中的作用）. (b) [I] (of nouns and pronouns) vary in this way （指名词和代词）按此方式变化.

declivity
[di'klivEti; di'klivEti] n (fml 文) downward slope 下斜. Cf 参看 acclivity.

declutch
[7di:'klQtF; di'klQtF] v [I] disconnect the clutch (of a motor vehicle) before changing gear 分离（机动车辆的）离合器（以便换挡）.

decode
[7di:'kEud; di'kod] v [Tn] (a) find the meaning of (sth written in code) 译（码）; 解（码）. (b) analyse and interpret (an electronic signal) 分析及译解电子信号. Cf 参看 encode. 派生： decoder n (a) person or device that changes a code into understandable language 译码员; 译码器. (b) device that decodes an electronic signal 译解电子信号的机器.

decoke
[7di:'kEuk; di'kok] v [Tn] (infml 口) = decarbonize.

decollete
[dei'kCltei; - -kCl'tei; 7dekal'te] adj (French 法) (a) (of a dress, etc) with a low neckline （指连衣裙等）低领的, 袒胸露肩的. (b) [pred 作表语] (of a woman) wearing a dress, etc with a low neckline （指妇女）穿低领衣, 穿袒胸露肩衣: * She was daringly decollete. 她大胆地穿着袒胸露肩的衣服. 派生： decolletage[7deikCl'ta:V; 7dekal'taV] n [U] (French 法) low neckline (on a dress, etc) 袒胸露肩衣的低领.

decolonize
[7di:'kClEnaiz; di'kalE7naiz] v [I, Tn] give independent status to (a colony) 给（殖民地）独立地位; 使非殖民化. > decolonization, -isation/ 9di: * 9kClEnaI5zeIFn; US -nI5z-; 9di9kBlEnE`zeFEn / n [U].

decompose
[7di:kEm'pEuz; 7dikEm'poz] v 1 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become bad or rotten; decay （使某物）变坏, 腐烂: * a decomposing corpse 腐 . 2 [Tn] separate (a substance, light, etc) into its parts 分解（某物质、 光线等）: * A prism decomposes light. 镜可以分解光线. > decomposition[7di:kCmpE'ziFn; 7dikampE'ziFEn] n [U].

decompress
[7di:kEm'pres; 7dikEm'pres] v [Tn] (a) gradually release the air pressure on (esp a deep-sea diver returning to the surface) 给（尤指重返水面的深海潜水者）逐渐减压. (b) reduce compression in (a chamber, vessel, etc) 减低（气室、 容器等）内的压力. > decompression[7di:kEm'preFn; 7dikEm'preFEn] n [U]: * [attrib 作定语] a decompression chamber, ie one in which divers may return to normal pressure 减压室（潜水者於其中可恢复到正常压力）.

decongestant
[7di:kEn5dVestEnt; 7dikEn5dVestEnt] n [C, U] (medicine 药) substance that relieves congestion, esp in the nose 消除（尤指鼻中）充血的药物. > decongestant adj: * decongestant tablets 减轻充血的药片.

decontaminate
[7di:kEn5tAmineit; 7dikEn5tAmE7net] v [Tn] remove (esp radioactive) contamination from (a building, clothes, an area, etc) （自建 物、 衣物、 地区等）排除（尤指放射性的）污染. > decontamination[7di:kEn7tmi'neiFn; 7dikEn7tAmE'neFEn] n [U].

decontrol
[7di:kEn5trEul; 7dikEn5trol] v (-ll-) [Tn] remove controls (such as those imposed by a government during a war or an emergency) from (trade in certain goods) 解除对（某些货物交易）的控制或管制.

decor
[5deikC:(r); - dei'kC:r; de'kCr] n [U, sing] furnishing and decoration of a room, stage, etc （房间、 舞台等的）布置, 装饰: * a stylish, modern decor 有风格的、 现代的装饰 * Who designed the decor? 这装潢是谁设计的?

decorate
[5dekEreit; 5dekE7ret] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) make sth (more) beautiful by adding ornaments to it 装饰某事物: * Bright posters decorate the streets. 鲜艳的广告招贴画点缀着街道. * The building was decorated with flags. 这座建 物有旗子作装饰. * decorate a Christmas tree with coloured lights 用彩色灯装饰圣诞树. 2 [I, Tn] put paint, plaster, wallpaper, etc on (a room, house, etc) 在（房屋等）上添加漆、 泥灰、 壁纸等: * We're decorating (the kitchen) again this summer. 今年夏天我们又要修饰厨房. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth) give a medal or some other award to sb 授予某人奖章或其他奖状: * Several soldiers were decorated for bravery. 有几名士兵因英勇而获奖章. 派生： decorator n person whose job is painting and wallpapering rooms, houses, etc （给房屋等）粉刷和糊壁纸的人: Arthur Jones, painter and decorator 油漆粉刷修饰工阿瑟．琼斯.

decoration
[7dekE'reiFn; 7dekE'reFEn] n 1 [U] decorating or being decorated 装饰; 装潢: * When will they finish the decoration of the bathroom? 他们什麽时候才把盥洗室装饰好? 2 [U, C] thing used for decorating 装饰品: * the carved decoration around the doorway 门口周围的雕刻装饰 * Christmas decorations 圣诞节装饰品. 3 [C] medal, ribbon, etc given and worn as an honour or award 奖章; 绶带.

decorative
[5dekErEtiv; - 'dekEreitiv; 5dekE7retiv] adj that makes sth look (more) beautiful 装饰的; 作装饰用的: * decorative icing on the cake 糕点上的装饰性糖霜 * The coloured lights are very decorative. 有这些彩灯大为生色.

decorous
[5dekErEs; 5dekErEs] adj dignified and socially acceptable 端庄得体的: * decorous behaviour, speech 高雅的举止、 言谈. > decorously adv.

decorum
[di'kC:rEm; di'kCrEm] n [U] dignified and socially acceptable behaviour 端庄得体: * In the presence of elderly visitors our son was a model of decorum. 我们的儿子在来访的长辈面前彬彬有礼.

decoy
[5di:kCi; 5dikCi] n (a) (real or imitation) bird or animal used to attract others so that they can be shot or trapped （用於诱捕鸟兽的）动物（或仿制物）. (b) (fig 比喻) person or thing used to lure sb into a position of danger 用於引诱某人落入圈套的人或物. 派生： decoy/di'kCi; di'kCi] v [Tn, Tn.pr] trick (a person or an animal) into a place of danger by using a decoy 用诱饵诱骗（某人或动物）落入圈套: * He was decoyed by a false message (into entering enemy territory). 他被假情报诱骗（进入敌区）.

decrease
[di'kri:s; di'kris] v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become smaller or fewer; diminish （使某物）变小或变少; 减少: * Student numbers have decreased by 500. 学生人数减少了500名. * Interest in the sport is decreasing. 人们对此项运动的兴趣已逐渐淡薄. 派生： decrease[5di:kri:s; 5dikris] n 1 ~ (in sth) (a) [U] decreasing; reduction 减少; 降低: * some decrease in the crime rate 犯罪率的少许降低. (b) [C] amount by which sth decreases 减少的量: * a decrease of 3% in the rate of inflation 通货膨胀率降低3% * There has been a decrease in imports. 进口货物有所减少. 2 (idm 习语) on the `decrease decreasing 在减少: * Is crime on the decrease? 犯罪案件是否在减少?

decree
[di'kri:; di'kri] n 1 order given by a ruler or an authority and having the force of a law 命令; 法令: * issue a decree 颁布法令 * rule by decree, ie without seeking people's consent 以法令统治（不徵求人民的同意）. 2 judgement or decision of certain law-courts （法院的）判决, 裁定. 派生： decree v (pt, pp decreed) [Tn, Tf, Tw] order (sth) (as if) by decree 发布（命令）; 颁布（法令）: The governor decreed a day of mourning. 地方长官发布哀悼一日的命令. * (fig 比喻) Fate decreed that they would not meet again. 他们受命运的安排再也不能相会. 复合： de,cree `absolute order of a lawcourt by which two people are finally divorced 法院作出的离婚判决. de,cree `nisi[5naisi, 'naisai; 5naisai] order of a lawcourt that two people will be divorced after a fixed period, unless good reasons are given why they should not （除非有正当理由, 否则在指定日期後即行生效的）离婚判决令. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: When talking about giving orders, decree and dictate can be used of individuals in positions of authority. 谈到发命令, decree和dictate均可指下达者为掌权的个人. Decree usually suggests the public announcement of a decision made by a ruler or government without consulting others *decree通常指统治者或政府不与别人商议而公开宣布的决定: The dictator decreed that his birthday would be a public holiday. 该独裁者发布命令, 将其生日定为公众假期. Dictate indicates people using their power over others *dictate用以指人用权力支配他人: Her skills were in such demand that she could dictate her own salary. 她因其技术奇货可居, 故可以主宰自己的薪金待遇. Ordain and prescribe suggest a more impersonal authority such as the law. *ordain和prescribe多用以指如法律等非个人的权力. Ordain is formal and can be used of God *ordain含庄重色彩, 可用以指上帝: Is it ordained in heaven that women should work in the home? 女人就该在家里干活儿, 这是上天的旨意吗? Prescribe is used of the law *prescribe用於法律方面: Regulations prescribe certain standards for building materials. 有规章规定建 材料的某些标准.

decrepit
[di'krepit; di'krepit] adj made weak by age or hard use 衰老的; 老朽的; 破旧的: * a decrepit person, horse, bicycle 苍老的人、 衰老的马、 破旧的自行车. 派生： decrepitude/di'krepitju:d; - -tu:d; di'krepitud] n [U] state of being decrepit 衰老; 老朽; 破旧.

decry
[di'krai; di'krai] v (pt, pp decried) [Tn, Cn.n/a] ~ sb/sth (as sth) speak critically of sb/sth to make him/it seem less valuable, useful, etc; disparage sb/sth 诋毁某人[某事物]以贬低其价值: * He decried her efforts (as a waste of time). 他贬低她所作的努力（认为是浪费时间）.

dedicate
[5dedikeit; 5dedE7ket] v 1 [Tn.pr] ~ oneself/sth to sth give or devote (oneself, time, effort, etc) to(a noble cause or purpose) 将（自己、 时间、 精力等）奉献给（崇高的事业或目的）: * She dedicated her life to helping the poor. 她毕生致力於帮助穷人. * dedicate oneself to one's work 献身於自己的工作. 2 [Tn.pr] ~ sth to sb address (one's book, a piece of one's music, etc) to sb as a way of showing respect, by putting his name at the beginning 在（自己所着之书、 音乐作品等）的前部题献词: * She dedicated her first book to her husband. 她把自己的第一本书献给了丈夫. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sb/sth) devote (a church, etc) with solemn ceremonies (to God, to a saint or to sacred use) 以庄严的仪式将（教堂等）奉献（给上帝、 圣徒等）: * The chapel was dedicated in 1880. 这座小教堂於1880年举行献堂礼. Cf 参看 consecrate. 派生： dedicated adj 1 devoted to sth; committed 献身於某事物的; 专心致志的: a dedicated worker, priest, teacher, etc 有献身精神的工作者、 牧师、 教师等. 2 [esp attrib 尤作定语] (esp of computer equipment) designed for one particular purpose only （尤指计算机设备）为某特殊目的而设计的, 专用的: a dedicated word processor 专门的文字处理机.

dedication
[7dedi'keiFn; 7dedE'keFEn] n ~ (to sth) 1 [U] devotion to a cause or an aim 对某事业或目的的忠诚; 奉献: * I admire the priest's dedication. 我钦佩这位牧师的奉献精神. 2 (a) [U] action of dedicating a book, piece of music, etc to sb 题献词. (b) [C] words used in doing this 献词. 3 [U] dedicating (of a church, etc) （教堂的）献堂礼; 启用典礼.

deduce
[di'dju:s; di'djus] v [Tn, Tn.pr, Tf, Tw] ~ sth (from sth) arrive at (facts, a theory, etc) by reasoning; infer sth 用推理的方法获致（实情、 理论等）; 演绎; 推断: * If a = b and b = c, we can deduce that a = c. 设a = b, b = c, 可以推断a = c. * Detectives deduced from the clues who had committed the crime. 侦探根据所掌握的线索推断出作案的人. 派生： deducible/di'dju:sEbl; - di'du:sEbl; di'dusEbl] adj that may be deduced 可以推断的; 可以演绎的.

deduct
[di'dQkt; di'dQkt] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) take away (an amount or a part) 减去; 扣除: * Tax is deducted from your salary. 税款从薪金中扣除. Cf 参看 subtract. 派生： deductible/di'dQktEbl; di'dQktEbl] adj that may be deducted from one's taxable earnings （从应纳税的收入中）可扣除的: * Money spent on business expenses is deductible. 业务方面的开支是可扣除税款的.

deduction
[di'dQkFn; di'dQkFEn] n ~ (from sth) 1 (a) [U] reasoning from general principles to a particular case; deducing 推演; 推理; 演绎: * a philosopher skilled in deduction 擅长推理的哲学家. (b) [C] conclusion reached by reasoning （推理所得出的）结论: * It's an obvious deduction that she is guilty. 推断出的明显结论是她有罪. Cf 参看 induction 3. 2 (a) [U] deducting 扣除; 减除: * the deduction of tax from earnings 从收入中扣除税金. (b) [C] amount deducted 扣除的量: * deductions from pay for insurance and pension 自工资中扣出作保险金和退休金的数额. 派生： deductive/di'dQktiv; di'dQktiv] adj of, using or reasoning by deduction(1a) 推理的; 运用推理的; 以演绎去推断的. deductively adv.

deed
[di:d; did] n 1 (fml 文) act; thing done 行动; 所做之事: * be rewarded for one's good deeds 因做好事而受到奖赏 * deeds of heroism 英雄事迹 * Deeds are better than words when people need help. 在需要帮助时, 行动胜於语言. =>Usage at act1 用法见act1. 2 (often pl 常作复数) (law 律) signed agreement, esp about the ownership of property or legal rights 契约, 证书（尤指有关房地产或合法权利者）. 复合： `deed-box n strong box for keeping deeds and other documents 契据文件保险箱. ,deed of `covenant signed promise to pay a regular amount of money annually to a person, society, etc enabling the receiver to reclaim in addition the tax paid on the amount by the giver 付款契据（承诺每年付予某人、 某社团一定金额的契约, 受款人可据此兼获付款人为此款所付之税额）. `deed poll legal deed made by one person only, esp to change his name 单边契据（尤指改名者）.

deem
[di:m; dim] v [Tf, Tnt esp passive 尤用於被动语态, Cn.a esp passive 尤用於被动语态, Cn.n] (fml 文) consider; regard 认为; 视为: * He deemed that it was his duty to help. 他认为他有责任加以援助. * She was deemed (to be) the winner. 人们认为是她获胜. * It is deemed advisable. 这认为是可取的. * I deem it a great honour to be invited to address you. 要我向诸位讲几句话, 我觉得非常荣幸.

deep
1[di:p; dip] adj (-er, -est) 1 (a) extending a long way from top to bottom 深的（从顶端延伸到底部）: * a deep well, river, trench, box 深的井、 河、 沟、 箱子. Cf 参 看 shallow. (b) extending a long way from the surface or edge 深的（从表面或边缘延伸）: * a deep wound, cleft, border, shelf 深进去的伤口、 裂缝、 边缘、 搁板 * a big, deep-chested wrestler 身材魁梧、 胸部很厚的摔角者. (c) (after ns, with words specifying how far 用於名词後, 与说明多远的词连用) extending down, back or in 深的（向下、 向後、 向里延伸）: * water six feet deep 六英尺深的水 * a plot of land 100 feet deep, ie going back this distance from a road, fence, etc 深远达100英尺的土地 * People stood twenty deep (ie in lines of twenty people one behind the other) to see her go past. 人们一层层站成二十排以观看她经过的情形. 2 (a) [attrib 作定语] taking in or giving out a lot of air 深的（吸进或呼出大量空气）: * a deep sigh/breath 深深的叹息[呼吸]. (b) going a long way down or through sth 深的（沿某物向下或穿过某物）: * a deep thrust/dive 深刺[深潜]. 3 (of sounds) low in pitch; not shrill （指声音）低沉的, 不尖锐的: * a deep voice, note, rumbling, etc 低沉的嗓音、 音调、 隆隆声等. 4 (of sleep) from which one is not easily awakened （指睡眠）不易醒的, 酣睡的. 5 (of colours) strong; vivid （指颜色）浓重的, 鲜明的, 鲜艳的: * a deep red 深红色. 6 [pred 作表语] ~ in sth (a) far down in sth 在某物深远处: * with his hands deep in his pockets 双手深插在衣袋里 * rocks deep in the earth 地下深处的岩石. (b) absorbed in sth; concentrating on sth 专心於或集中於某事物: * deep in thought, study, a book 沉思、 专心於学习, 全神贯注於书中. (c) very involved in sth; overwhelmed by sth 深陷於某事物; 被某事物的负担压倒: * deep in debt, difficulties 深陷於债务、 困难之中.

deep1
7 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (fig 比喻) (a) difficult to understand or find out 难以理解的; 难以发现的: * a deep mystery, secret, etc 难以理解的奥妙、 难以发现的秘密. (b) learned; profound 博学的; 渊博的; 造诣深的: * a deep thinker 知识渊博的思想家 * a person with deep insight 具有远见卓识的人 * a deep discussion 深入的讨论. (c) concealing one's real feelings, motives, etc; devious 隐藏自己真正感情、 动机等的; 狡猾的; 不诚实的: * He's a deep one. 他是个城府很深的人. 8 (a) (of emotions) strongly felt; intense （指情感）可强烈感觉到的, 强烈的, 剧烈的: * deep outrage, shame, sympathy, etc 强烈的愤怒、 羞辱、 同情心等. (b) extreme 极度的: * in deep disgrace, trouble 在极度的耻辱、 苦恼中. 9 (idm 习语) beauty is only skin deep => beauty. between the devil and the deep blue sea => devil1. go off the `deep end (infml 口) become extremely angry or emotional 变得极度愤怒或激动: * When I said I'd broken it, she really went off the deep end. 我说我把它给弄坏了, 她可真气极了. in deep `water(s) in trouble or difficulty 处於麻烦或困难之中: * Having lost her passport, she is now in deep water. 她丢了护照身陷困厄. of the blackest/deepest dye => dye2. throw sb in at the deep end (infml 口) introduce sb to the most difficult part of an activity, esp one for which he is not prepared 使某人做最困难的事（尤指其无准备的）. 派生： -deep (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) as far as a specified point 远至某一点: They stood knee-deep in the snow. 他们站在没膝深的雪里. * The grass was ankle-deep. 草深至脚踝处. deepen[5di:pEn; 5dipEn] v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become deep or deeper 变深; 使（某物）更深; 加深: * The water deepened after the dam was built. 堤坝建成後水已加深. * The mystery deepens, ie becomes harder to understand. 这奥秘更难理解了.

deep2
* deepen a channel 加深航道 * the deepening colours of the evening sky 逐渐昏暗的暮色. deeply adv 1 a long way down or through sth 深深地: The dog bit deeply into his arm. 狗咬了他的胳臂, 咬得很深. 2 greatly; intensely 极大地; 强烈地: deeply interested, indebted, impressed 极感兴趣的、 极为感激的、 印象极深的 * She felt her mother's death deeply. 她对母亲的死深感悲痛. deepness n [U]. 复合： `deep-sea, `deep-water adjs [attrib 作定语] of or in the deeper parts of the sea, away from the coast （远离海岸）在海水较深部分的: ,deep-sea `fishing 深海捕鱼 * a ,deep-sea `diver 深海潜水者. the ,deep `South southern states of the USA, esp Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana and South Carolina 美国南部诸州. ,deep `space far distant regions beyond the earth's atmosphere or the solar system 深空（地球大气层外或太阳系外遥远的空间）.

deer
[diE(r); dir] n (pl unchanged 复数不变) any of several types of graceful, quick-running, ruminant animal, the male of which has antlers 鹿. =>illus 见插图. 复合： `deerskin n [U] (leather made of) deer's skin 鹿皮; 鹿皮革: [attrib 作定语] ,deerskin `sandals 鹿皮凉鞋.

deerstalker
[5diEstC:kE(r); 5dir7stCkl] n cloth cap with two peaks, one in front and the other behind, and flaps for covering the ears 猎鹿帽（有前後两个遮檐, 帽边可遮耳）. =>illus at hat 见hat之插图.

deface
[di'feis; di'fes] v [Tn] spoil the appearance or legibility of (sth) by marking or damaging the surface损坏（某物）的外观或清晰度: * Don't deface library books. 不要污损图书馆的书籍. * The wall has been defaced with slogans. 那堵墙因贴有标语而面目全非. 派生： defacement n [U] defacing or being defaced 损坏外表.

defame
[di'feim; di'fem] v [Tn] attack the good reputation of (sb); say bad things about (sb) 破坏（某人）的声誉; 说（某人）的坏话; 诽谤; 中伤: * The article is an attempt to defame an honest man. 这篇文章旨在诋毁一个正直的人. 派生： defamation[7defE'meiFn; 7defE'meFEn] n [U] defaming or being defamed 诽谤; 中伤: * defamation of character 对品性的中伤. defamatory/di'fAmEtri; - -tC:ri; di'fAmE7tCri] adj intended to defame 诽谤的; 中伤的: * a defamatory statement, book, etc 诽谤他人的言语、 书等.

default
1[di'fC:lt; di'fClt] n 1 [U] (esp law 尤用於法律) failure to do sth, esp to pay a debt or appear in court 不做某事; （尤指）不还债, 不出庭. 2 (idm 习语) by de`fault because the other party, team, etc does not appear 因对方、 他队等未出场: * win a case/a game by default 因对方未出席[未出场]而赢得诉讼[比赛]. in default of sth/sb (fml 文) because or in case sth/sb is absent 因某物[某人]未在场; 在无某物[某人]时: * He was acquitted in default of strong evidence of his guilt. 因无确凿证据而判他无罪. * The committee will not meet in default of a chairman. 没有主席委员会就不开会.

defeat
[di'fi:t; di'fit] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] win a victory over (sb); overcome 战胜（某人）; 击败: * The enemy was defeated in a decisive battle. 敌人在一场决定性的战斗中被击败. * He has been soundly defeated at chess. 他在国际象棋比赛中一败涂地. 2 [Tn] (infml 口) be puzzling for (sb); baffle 使（某人）困惑; 难住: * I've tried to solve the problem, but it defeats me! 这个问题我想解决, 但把我难倒了! * Why you stay indoors on a beautiful day like this defeats me! 天气这样好你却呆在屋里, 真叫人莫名其妙! 3 [Tn] (a) stop (hopes, aims, etc) from becoming reality; thwart 使（希望、 目的等）不能实现; 阻挠; 挫败: * By not working hard enough you defeat your own purpose. 你因不太努力, 所以达不到自己的目的. (b) prevent (an attempt, a proposal, etc) from succeeding 阻挠（一企图、 提案等）: * We've defeated moves to build another office block. 我们已否决另建一座办公楼的动议. 派生： defeat n (a) [U] defeating or being defeated 击败; 失败: suffer defeat 遭到失败 * I never consider the possibility of defeat. 我从未考虑有失败的可能性. (b) [C] instance of this 失败: six wins and two defeats for the team 该队之六胜二负. defeatism[-izEm; -izEm] n [U] attitude or behaviour that shows one expects not to succeed 失败主义: * Not bothering to vote is a sure sign of defeatism. 连投票都不投, 纯粹是失败主义. defeatist[-ist; -ist] n person who shows defeatism 失败主义者. -- adj: * I don't approve of your defeatist attitude. 我不赞成你这种失败主义的态度.

defecate
[5defEkeit; 5defE7ket] v [I] (fml 文) push out waste from the body through the anus 排粪; 大便; 出恭. > defecation[7defE'keiFn; 7defE'keFEn] n [U].

defect
1[5di:fekt, also di'fekt; 5difekt, di'fekt] n fault or lack that spoils a person or thing 缺点; 不足之处; 毛病; 瑕疵: * a defect of character 性格上的缺陷 * mechanical defects in a car 汽车的机械缺陷 * defects in the education system 教育制度的不足之处. =>Usage at mistake1 用法见mistake1.

defection
[di'fekFn; di'fekFEn] n ~ (from sth) 1 (a) [U] deserting a party, cause, religion, etc （对党派、 事业、 宗教等的）背叛, 叛变, 变节. (b) [C] instance of this 背叛; 叛变; 叛党; 脱党; 叛教; 变节: * Discontent in the party will lead to further defections. 党内的不满情绪将导致更多的党员脱党. 2 (a) [U] leaving one's country permanently, usu because one disagrees with its political system 去国（通常因不赞同其政治制度）. (b) [C] instance of this 去国: * defections from a racist system 脱离有种族歧视制度的祖国.

defective
[di'fektiv; di'fektiv] adj ~ (in sth) having a defect or defects; imperfect or incomplete 有缺点的; 不完美的; 不完全的: * a defective machine, method, theory 有缺陷的机器、 方法、 理论 * defective in workmanship, character 技艺不高的、 性格上有缺陷的 * Her hearing was found to be slightly defective. 她的听力稍弱. * a defective verb, ie one without the full range of endings that other verbs have, eg must 不完全变化动词（不似其他的有全部词尾变化的动词）. > defectively adv. defectiveness n [U].

defence
(US defense)[di'fens; di'fens] n 1 [U] ~ (against sth) (a) defending from attack; fighting against attack 防御; 防护; 保卫: * They planned the defence of the town. 他们订出了该城的防御计划. * to fight in defence of one's country 为保卫祖国而战 * weapons of offence and defence 进攻的和防御的武器. (b) [C] weapon, barrier, etc used for defending or protecting 用於保卫或保护的武器、 屏障等: * The high wall was built as a defence against intruders. 修建这堵高墙作为屏障以防外人闯入. * The country's defences are weak. 该国的防御能力薄弱. * coastal defences, ie against attack from the sea 海岸防御工事 * Antibodies are the body's defences against infection. 抗体是身体抵御感染的武器. (c) [U] military measures for protecting a country 国防方面的军事措施: * A lot of money is spent on defence. 国防方面的开支很大. 2 (a) [C, U] ~ (against sth) (esp legal) argument used to answer an accusation or support an idea （尤指法律上）答辩, 辩护: * counsel for the defence 辩护律师 * The lawyer produced a clever defence of his client. 律师机智地为委托人辩护. * The book is a brilliant defence of (ie argues in favour of) our policies. 这本书出色地捍卫了我们的政策. * She spoke in defence of her religious beliefs. 她为其宗教信仰辩护. (b) the defence [Gp] lawyer(s) acting for an accused person 辩护律师: * The defence argue/argues that the evidence is weak. 辩护律师提出理由认为证据不充分. Cf 参看 prosecution 2. 3 (sport 体) (a) [U] protection of a goal or part of the playing area from opponents' attacks 防守: * She plays in defence. 她打後卫. (b) (usu 通常作 the defence) [Gp] members of a team involved in this 防守队员; 後卫: * He has been brought in to strengthen the defence. 已请他来加强後卫力量. Cf 参看 offense. (c) [C] sporting contest in which a champion is challenged 冠军卫冕的比赛:

defence1
* his third successful defence of the title 他第叁次卫冕成功. 派生： defenceless adj having no defence; unable to defend oneself 没有防卫的; 不能保护自己的: a defenceless child, animal, city 没有自卫能力的孩子、 动物、 城市. defencelessly adv. defencelessness n [U].

defend
[di'fend; di'fend] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (from/against sb/sth) (a) protect sb/sth from harm; guard sb/sth 保护某人[某物]免受伤害; 保卫某人[某事物]: * When the dog attacked me, I defended myself with a stick. 那狗扑向我时, 我用棍子自卫. * defend sb from attack, an attacker, injury 保护某人免受攻击、 免遭袭击者攻打、 以免受伤 * defend one's country against enemies 卫国抗敌. (b) act, speak or write in support of sb/sth 为支持某人[某事]而行动、 说话或写文章: * defend one's actions, cause, ideas, leader 为自己的行为、 事业、 想法、 领导辩护 * The newspaper defended her against the accusations. 报纸为她辩护, 驳斥对她的指责. * defend a lawsuit, ie fight against it in court 对诉讼案进行辩护 * You'll need stronger evidence to defend your claim to the inheritance. 你需要更强有力的证据才能为你的遗产继承权进行辩护. 2 (a) [I, Tn, Tn.pr] (sport 体) protect (the goal, etc) from one's opponents 防守（球门等）; 防卫: * Some players are better at defending. 有些运动员较擅长打防卫. * They had three players defending the goal (against attack). 他们有叁个队员防守球门. (b) [Tn] (of a sports champion) take part in a contest to keep (one's position) （指运动冠军）参加卫冕 的比赛: * She's running to defend her 400 metres title. 她为蝉联400米冠军而参赛. > defender n: * He had to beat several defenders to score. 他要冲破几名後卫的拦截才能得分.

defendant
[di'fendEnt; di'fendEnt] n person accused or sued in a legal case 被告; 被告人. Cf 参看 plaintiff.

defensible
[di'fensEbl; di'fensEbl] adj that can be defended 可保卫的; 可防御的; 可辩护的: * a defensible castle, position, theory 能防御的城堡、 可防守的阵地、 站得住脚的理论.

defensive
[di'fensiv; di'fensiv] adj 1 used for or intended for defending 防御用的; 防御性的: * defensive warfare, measures 防御战、 防御措施 * a defensive weapon system to destroy missiles approaching the country摧毁射向该国的导弹的防御武器系统. 2 ~ (about sb/sth) showing anxiety to avoid criticism or attack; hiding faults 防备批评或攻击的; 隐藏缺点的: * When asked to explain her behaviour, she gave a very defensive answer. 有人问她为什麽要这样做, 她则极力为自己辩解. * She's very defensive about her part in the affair. 她极力掩盖她在此事中充当的角色. Cf 参看 offensive 3. 派生： defensive n (idm 习语) on the defensive expecting to be attacked or criticized 进行防御; 采取守势: The team was thrown on(to) the defensive as their opponents rallied. 该队在对手重整旗鼓後, 被迫采取守势. * Talk about boy-friends always puts her on the defensive. 一谈到男朋友, 她总是戒心十足. defensively adv. defensiveness n [U].

defer
1[di'fE:(r); di'fE] v (-rr-) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tg] ~ sth (to sth) delay sth until a later time; postpone sth 使（某事）延期; 推迟: * deferred payment, ie made in instalments after purchase 分期付款 * defer one's departure to a later date 推迟行期 * defer making a decision 暂缓决定. > deferment, deferral/di'fE:rEl; di'fEEl] ns [U, C]. 复合： de,ferred `shares shares (share1 3) on which dividends are paid only after they have been paid on all other shares 延期付息股份.

deference
[5defErEns; 5defErEns] n [U] 1 giving way to the views, wishes, etc of others, usu out of respect; respect 遵从; 服从; 顺从; 尊敬; 尊重; 敬重: * treat one's elders with due deference 以应有的尊敬对待较自己年长的人 * show deference to a judge 表示对裁判的尊重. 2 (idm 习语) in deference to sb/sth out of respect for sb/sth 出於对某人[某事物]的尊重: * In deference to our host I decided not to challenge his controversial remarks. 我出於对主人的尊敬, 不对他那易引起争论的话表示异议. 派生： deferential[7defE'renFl; 7defE'renFEl] adj showing deference 顺从的; 恭顺的. deferentially[-FEli; -FEli] adv.

defiance
[di'faiEns; di'faiEns] n 1 [U] open disobedience or resistance; refusal to give way to authority or opposition; defying 违抗; 反抗; 藐视; 蔑视: * The protesters showed their defiance of the official ban on demonstrations. 抗议者藐视官方的示威禁令. 2 (idm 习语) glare defiance at sb/sth => glare2. in defiance of sb/sth in spite of sb/sth; ignoring sb/sth 不顾某人[某事物]; 无视某人[某事物]: * act in defiance of orders 违抗命令的行动 * She wanted him to stay, but he left in defiance of her wishes. 她要他留下来, 但他并不理会, 还是走了.

defiant
[di'faiEnt; di'faiEnt] adj showing defiance; openly opposing or resisting sb/sth 违抗的; 反抗的; 藐视的; 蔑视的: * a defiant manner, look, speech 蔑视的态度、 神色、 话语. > defiantly adv.

deficiency
[di'fiFnsi; di'fiFEnsi] n ~ (in/of sth) 1 (a) [U] state of lacking sth essential 缺乏; 缺少: * Deficiency in vitamins/Vitamin deficiency can lead to illness. 身体缺乏维生素就会生病. (b) [C] instance of this; shortage 缺乏; 匮乏; 短缺: * suffering from a deficiency of iron 患缺铁质症状 * deficiency diseases, ie those caused by a deficiency of eg vitamins in diet 营养缺乏病. 2 [C] lack of a necessary quality; fault 缺点; 缺陷; 毛病: * She can't hide her deficiencies as a writer. 她无法掩盖她身为作家的不足之处.

deficient
[di'fiFnt; di'fiFEnt] adj (a) [usu pred 通常作表语] ~ in sth lacking in sth 缺乏; 缺少: * be deficient in skill, experience, knowledge, etc 缺乏技巧、 经验、 知识等 * a diet deficient in iron 缺铁质的日常饮食. (b) (fml 文) incomplete; inadequate 不完全的; 不完美的; 不适当的; 不充足的: * deficient funds, supplies 不充足的资金、 供应 * Our knowledge of the matter is deficient. 我们对此事了解不足.

deficit
[5defisit; 5defEsit] n (a) amount by which sth, esp a sum of money, is too small 不足额（尤指款项）: * We raised 100, and we need 250: * that's a deficit of 150. 我们筹措了100英镑而我们需要250英镑, 还缺150英镑. (b) excess of debts over income; amount of this excess 亏空额; 赤字: * Tax was low and state spending was high, resulting in a budget deficit. 税率低而政府支出大, 结果出现预算赤字. Cf 参看 surplus.

defied
pt, pp of defy.

defile
1[di'fail; di'fail] v [Tn] (fml or rhet 文或修辞) 1 make (sth) dirty or impure 使（某物）肮脏或不纯: * rivers defiled by pollution 受污染的河流 * (fig 比喻) a noble cause defiled by the greed of its supporters 被拥护者的贪婪所玷污的高尚事业. 2 make (sth) unfit for holy ceremonies; desecrate 亵渎（神明）: * The altar had been defiled by vandals. 圣坛遭到破坏公物的人故意损坏. 派生： defilement n [U] defiling or being defiled 污损; 弄脏; 亵渎.

define
[di'fain; di'fain] v 1 [Tn, Cn.n/a] ~ sth (as sth) state precisely the meaning of (eg words) 给（词语等）下定义. 2 [Tn, Tw] state (sth) clearly; explain (sth) 阐明（某事）; 解释（某事）: * The powers of a judge are defined by law. 法官的权力是由法律规定的. * It's hard to define exactly what has changed. 很难解释清楚到底发生了什麽变化. 3 [Tn] show (a line, shape, feature, etc) clearly; outline 清楚地显示出（线条、 形状、 特徵等）; 画出...的轮廓: * When boundaries between countries are not clearly defined, there is usually trouble. 国与国的边界未明确划定则通常会发生纠纷. * The mountain was sharply defined against the eastern sky. 那座山在东方天空的衬托下显得轮廓分明. * a well-defined profile 轮廓清晰的侧面像. 派生： definable[-Ebl; -Ebl] adj that can be defined 可下定义的; 可以解释的; 能显示形状、 特徵等的.

definite
[5definEt; 5defEnEt] adj (a) clear; not doubtful 清楚的; 明确的; 确切的: * a definite decision, opinion, result, change 明确的决定、 意见、 结果、 变化 * I have no definite plans for tomorrow. 我明天没有确切的计划. * I want a definite answer, `yes' or `no'. 我要一个明确的答覆, ‘是’还是‘不是’. (b) [pred 作表语] ~ (about sth/that...) sure; certain 肯定; 有把握: * He seemed definite about what had happened. 他好像对所发生的事情很清楚. * It's now definite that the plane crashed. 现已肯定那架飞机已坠毁. 派生： definitely[5definEtli; 5defEnEtli] adv 1 in a definite manner 明确地; 清楚地: * She states her views very definitely. 她非常明确地阐述自己的观点. 2 certainly; undoubtedly 肯定地; 确实地: * That is definitely correct. 那肯定正确. * Definitely not, ie No. 肯定不. 3 (infml 口) (in answer to questions) yes; certainly （用於回答问题）是的, 当然: * `Are you coming?’ `Definitely!’ ‘你来吗?’‘一定来!’ 复合： ,definite `article the word `the' 定冠词`the'. Cf 参看 indefinite article (indefinite).

definition
[7defi'niFn; 7defE'niFEn] n 1 (a) [U] stating the exact meaning (of words, etc) （词语等的）释义: * Dictionary writers must be skilled in the art of definition. 词书编纂者必须精於给词语下定义的技巧. (b) [C] statement that gives the exact meaning (of words, etc) （词语等的）定义: * Definitions should not be more difficult to understand than the words they define. 词语的定义不应比所解释的词语更难理解. 2 [U] (a) clearness of outline; making or being distinct in outline （轮廓的）清晰（度）; 鲜明（度）: * The photograph has poor definition. 这张照片轮廓很不清楚. * They concentrated on better definition of the optical image. 他们致力於提高该光学影像的鲜明度. (b) power of a lens (in a camera or telescope) to show clear outlines （照相机或望远镜中）透镜的分解力, 解像力. 3 (a) [U] clear statement; outlining 清楚的说明; 划出的轮廓: * My duties require clearer definition. 我的职责需要更清楚的说明. (b) [C] instance of this; outline 清楚的说明; 轮廓: * The book attempts a definition of his role in world politics. 该书要阐明的是他在世界政局中的作用.

definitive
[di'finEtiv; di'finEtiv] adj clear and having final authority; that cannot or need not be changed 明确的; 有权威的; 不能或不必改变的; 决定性的: * a definitive answer, solution, verdict, etc 明确的答覆、 确切的解决方法、 陪审团的最终裁决 * Her book is the definitive work on Milton. 她的书是论述米尔顿的权威着作. * a definitive edition, eg one revised by the author himself 选定版（如作者亲自修订的版本）. > definitively adv.

deflate
v 1/di'fleit; di'flet] [Tn] (a) let air or gas out of (a balloon, tyre, etc); let down 放出（气球、 轮胎等）的气. (b) (fig 比喻) make (sb, esp sb proud or too confident) feel or appear embarrassed or discouraged 使（某人, 尤指骄傲的或自负的人）尴尬, 泄气: * I felt quite deflated by your nasty remark. 你那些难听的话使我觉得无地自容. * Nothing could deflate his ego/pomposity, ie make him less self-assured or pompous. 任何事都不能削弱他的自信心[气焰]. 2[7di:'fleit; di'flet] [I, Tn] reduce the amount of money in circulation in(an economy), in order to lower prices or keep them steady 紧缩（通货）: * The Government decided to deflate. 政府决定紧缩通货. Cf 参看 inflate, reflate. 派生： deflation[-eiFn; -eFEn] n [U] action of deflating (deflate 2) or state of being deflated 泄气. deflationary[7di:'fleiFnEri; - -neri; di'fleFEn7eri] adj causing or intended to cause monetary deflation 通货紧缩的: * a deflationary policy, measure, etc 紧缩通货的方针、 措施等.

deflect
[di'flekt; di'flekt] v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (from sth) (cause sth to) turn from its direction of movement （使某物）运动转向: * The missile deflected from its trajectory. 导弹已偏离轨道. * The ball hit one of the defenders and was deflected into the net. 球射中一名後卫後反弹进网. * The bullet hit a wall and was deflected from its course. 子弹击中墙壁而改变了方向. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from sth) (fig 比喻) turn sb away from his intended course of action 使某人改变原来的计划: * not easily deflected from one's purpose/aim 不容易改变自己的意图[目的]. 派生： deflection/di'flekFn; di'flekFEn] n 1 (a) [U] deflecting (deflect 1) or being deflected 转向. (b) [C] instance or amount of this 转向; 偏斜度: * The smallest deflection of the missile could bring disaster. 导弹有极微小的偏斜也可能酿出大祸. 2 [C, U] (amount of the) movement of a pointer or needle on a measuring device from its zero position 偏差（度）.

deflower
[7di:'flauE(r); di'flaul] v [Tn] (arch or euph 古或婉) deprive (a woman) of her virginity, usu by sexual intercourse 使（女子）失去童贞.

defoliate
[7di:'fEulieit; di'foli7et] v [Tn] destroy the leaves of (trees or plants) 毁掉（树木或花草）的叶: * forests defoliated by chemicals in the air 被空气中的化学物质毁掉树叶的林木. 派生： defoliant[7di:'fEuliEnt; di'foliEnt] n chemical used on trees and plants to destroy the leaves 脱叶剂. defoliation[7di:fEuli'eiFn; di7foli'eFEn] n [U].

deforest
[7di:'fCrist; - -'fC:r-; di'fCrist] (also disafforest) v [Tn] remove forests from (a place) 除掉（某地）的森林. > deforestation/di:7fCri5steiFn; - -7fC:r-; di7fCrEs'teFEn] n [U].

deform
[di'fC:m; di'fCrm] v [Tn] spoil the shape or appearance of (sth) 毁坏（某物的）形状或外观; 使（某物）变形或成畸形: * deform a structure, limb, spine 使一结构、 肢体、 脊柱变形. 派生： deformation[7di:fC:'meiFn; 7difCr'meFEn] n (a) [U] process of deforming 变形; 畸形. (b) [C] result of this 变形的结果: * a deformation of the spine 脊柱的畸变. deformed adj (of the body, or part of it) badly or unnaturally shaped （指身体或身体之局部）严重变形的, 畸形的: She has a deformed foot and can't walk very easily. 她有一只脚畸形, 行动不方便.

deformity
[di'fC:mEti; di'fCrmEti] n (a) [U] being deformed 变形; 畸形. (b) [C] deformed part, esp of the body 变形的部分（尤指身体的）: * deformities caused by poor diet 饮食不良造成的畸形 * He was born with a slight deformity of the foot which made him limp. 他的脚稍有先天畸形, 走起路来一瘸一拐的.

defraud
[di'frC:d; di'frCd] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (of sth) get sth from sb by deception; cheat sb 从某人处骗取某物; 欺骗某人: * She was defrauded of her money by a dishonest accountant. 她的钱被一个奸诈的会计骗去了.

defray
[di'frei; di'fre] v [Tn] (fml 文) provide money for (sth); pay for (sth) 为（某事物）付款; 支付: * defray expenses, costs, etc 支付开销、 费用等 * My father has to defray my education. 我父亲得支付我的教育费用. > defrayal/di'freiEl; di'freEl] n [U].

defrock
[7di:'frCk; di'frak] v [Tn] = unfrock.

defrost
[7di:'frCst; - 7di:'frC:st; di'frCst] v 1 [Tn] remove ice or frost from (sth) 除去（某物）的冰或霜: * defrost the fridge, the car windscreen 给冰箱、 汽车挡风玻璃除霜. 2 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become unfrozen （使某物）解冻: * A frozen chicken should be allowed to defrost completely before cooking. 冻鸡应彻底解冻後再烹调. =>Usage at water1 用法见water1. Cf 参看 unfreeze 1.

deft
[deft; deft] adj ~ (at sth/doing sth) skilful and quick, esp with the hands 熟练的, 灵巧的, 敏捷的（尤指用手）: * With deft fingers she untangled the wire. 她用灵巧的手指解开了金属线. * She is deft at dealing with reporters. 她善於与记者周旋. > deftly adv. deftness n [U].

defunct
[di'fQNkt; di'fQNkt] adj (fml or joc 文或谑) (a) (of people) dead （指人）死的. (b) (of practices, laws, etc) no longer in use （指做法、 法律等）不再使用的, 过时的. (c) no longer effective or treated with respect 失效的; 不再受尊重的: * a defunct organization 瘫痪的组织.

defuse
[7di:'fju:z; di'fjuz] v [Tn] 1 remove or make useless the device that sets off (a bomb, etc) 拆除（炸弹等）的引信. 2 (fig 比喻) reduce the dangerous tension in (a difficult situation) 缓和（困难局面躣的紧张状态: * defuse tension, anger, a crisis 减弱紧张气氛、 平息怒火、 缓和危急局面.

defy
[di'fai; di'fai] v (pt, pp defied) 1 [Tn] (a) disobey or refuse to respect (sb, an authority, etc) 违抗, 反抗, 藐视, 蔑视（某人、 权威等）: * They defied their parents and got married. 他们违抗父母的意愿而结婚了. * defy the Government, the law, etc 蔑视政府、 法律等. (b) refuse to give in to (sb/sth); resist boldly 拒绝向（某人[某事物]躣让步; 勇敢地抵抗: * The army defied the enemy's forces. 这支军队英勇抗敌. 2 [Tn] be so difficult as to make (sth) impossible （因有困难）使（某事）不可能, 办不到: * The door defied all attempts to open it. 这门用什麽办法也打不开. * The problem defied solution, ie could not be solved. 此问题无法解决. 3 [Dn.t] challenge (sb) to do sth one believes he cannot or will not do 激（某人）做其不能或不愿做的事: * I defy you to prove I have cheated. 我谅你无法证实我欺骗了人.

deg
abbr 缩写 = (also symb 符号为 ) degree (of temperature) （温）度: 42 degs/42 Fahrenheit 42华氏度.

degenerate
[di'dVenEreit; di'dVenE7ret] v [I, Ipr] ~ (from sth) (into sth) pass into a worse physical, mental or moral state than one which is considered normal or desirable （体力或精神）衰退; 堕落; 恶化: * His health is degenerating rapidly. 他的健康状况迅速恶化. * Her commitment to a great cause degenerated from a crusade into an obsession. 她致力於一伟大事业, 但其崇高的奋斗精神已变质成为偏执的狂热. 派生： degenerate/di'dVenErEt; di'dVenErEt] adj having lost the physical, mental or moral qualities that are considered normal or desirable 衰弱的; 颓废的; 堕落的: * a degenerate art, society, age 堕落的艺术、 社会、 时代. degeneracy/di'dVenErEsi; di'dVenErEsi] n [U] (a) state of being degenerate 堕落; 恶化; 退化. (b) process of becoming degenerate 堕落、 恶化、 退化的过程. degenerate/di'dVenErEt; di'dVenErEt] n degenerate person or animal 堕落的人; 退化的动物: * This degenerate seduced my daughter! 这个道德败坏的人勾引我的女儿! degeneration/di7dVenE'reiFn; di7dVenE'reFEn] n [U] (a) process of degenerating 堕落、 恶化、 退化的过程: * Ageing is accompanied by a slow degeneration of his mental faculties. 他随着年纪增长, 智力逐渐衰退. (b) state of being degenerate 堕落; 恶化; 退化.

degrade
[di'greid; di'gred] v 1 [Tn] cause (sb) to be less moral and less deserving of respect 贬低（某人）; 降低（某人）的身分; 使（某人）丢脸: * degrade oneself by cheating and telling lies 因欺骗和说谎而降低自己的身分 * I felt degraded by having to ask for money. 我出於无奈向别人要钱而自觉有失尊严. 2 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] (chemistry or biology 化或生) (cause sth to) become less complex in structure （使某物）降解, 分解, 退化: * degrade molecules into atoms 将分子降解为原子. 派生： degradation[7degrE'deiFn; 7degrE'deFEn] n [U] degrading or being degraded 堕落; 降解; 递降分解; 退化: * living in utter degradation, eg extreme poverty 生活十分潦倒 * Being sent to prison was the final degradation. 堕落到最後的地步就是被关进监狱.

degree
[di'gri:; di'gri] n 1 [C] unit of measurement for angles 度, 度数（角的量度单位）: * an angle of ninety degrees (90), ie a right angle 90度角（直角） * one degree of latitude, ie about 69 miles 纬度的1度（约69英里）. =>App 5 见附录5. 2 [C] (abbr 缩写 deg) unit of measurement for temperature 度, 度数（温度的量度单位）: * Water freezes at 32 degrees Fahrenheit (32 F) or zero/nought degrees Celsius (0 C). 水结成冰的温度是32华氏度（32 ）或零摄氏度（0℃）. =>App 5 见附录5. 3 [C, U] step or stage in a scale or series 程度; 等级: * She shows a high degree of skill in her work. 她在工作中表现出高度的技巧. * He was not in the slightest degree interested, ie was completely uninterested. 他丝毫不感兴趣. * To what degree (ie To what extent, How much) was he involved in the crimes? 他在多大程度上参与了这些犯罪活动? * She has also been affected, but to a lesser degree. 她也受到波及, 但程度较轻. * I agree with you to some/a certain degree. 我在某种程度上同意你的意见. 4 [U] (arch 古) position in society 在社会上的地位: * people of high/low degree 高[低]阶层的人. 5 [C] academic title; rank or grade given by a university or college to sb who has passed an examination, written a thesis, etc 学位; 学衔: * take (ie be awarded) a degree in law/a law degree 获得法律学位 * the degree of Master of Arts (MA) 文学硕士学位. 6 [C] (esp in compounds with first, second, etc 尤用於有first、 second等的复合词中) step in a scale of seriousness 严重的程度: * murder in the ,first de`gree, ie (in US), of the most serious kind * [attrib 作定语] ,first-degree `murder * ,third-degree (ie very serious) `burns. 7 [C] (grammar) each of the three forms of comparison of an adjective or adverb 形容词或副词比较等级的叁种形式之一: * degrees of comparison 比较的等级

degree1
* `Good', `better' and `best' are the positive, comparative and superlative degrees of `good'. good、 better、 best是good的原级、 比较级、 最高级. 8 (idm 习语) by de`grees gradually 逐渐地: * By degrees their friendship grew into love. 他们的友谊渐渐发展成爱情. to a de`gree (infml 口) very 非常; 很: * The film was boring to a degree. 这部影片非常枯燥. to the nth degree => nth.

dehumanize, dehumanise
[7di:'hju:mEnaiz; di'hjumE7naiz] v [Tn] take human qualities away from (sb) 使（某人）失去人性: * Torture always dehumanizes both the torturer and his victim. 严刑拷打往往使施刑者和受刑者都丧失人性. > dehumanization, -isation/ di:9hju:mEnaI5zeI-Fn; ?@ -nI5z-; di9hjumEnE`zeFEn] n [U].

dehydrate
[7di:'haidreit; di'haidret] v 1 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] remove water or moisture from (esp food, to preserve it) 从（尤指食物）中去掉水分或潮气（以便保存）; 脱水: * dehydrated vegetables, eggs, milk, eg in powdered form 脱水蔬菜、 蛋、 牛奶（如呈粉末状）. 2 [I] (of the body, tissues, etc) lose water or moisture （指身体、 组织等）脱水, 失水: * Her body had dehydrated dangerously with the heat. 她因受酷热身体脱水, 情况危殆. 派生： dehydration[7di:hai'dreiFn; 7dihai'dreFEn] n [U] (a) loss of water or moisture 失水; 脱水: * dying of dehydration 因脱水而奄奄一息. (b) state of being dehydrated 脱水状态.

deify
[5di:ifai; 5diE7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn] make a god of (sb/sth); worship as a god 将（某人[某事物]躣奉若神明; 神化: * Primitive peoples deified the sun. 原始民族将太阳奉作神. 派生： deification[7di:ifi'keiFn; 7diEfE'keFEn] n [U] deifying or being deified 神化: * the deification of a Roman emperor 对罗马皇帝的神化.

deign
[dein; den] v [Tt] (sometimes derog or ironic 有时作贬义或作反语) be kind or gracious enough (to do sth); condescend 屈尊, 俯就（做某事）: * He walked past me without even deigning to look at me. 他从我身旁走过, 竟没有屈尊看我一眼.

deism
[5di:izEm; 5diizEm] n [U] belief in the existence of God that is based more on natural laws of the world than on divine revelation 自然神论（一种对神的信仰, 其理论基础是大自然的规律而不是神的启示）. Cf 参看 theism. 派生： deist[5di:ist; 5diist] n person who holds such a belief 自然神论者.

deity
[5di:iti; 5diEti] n 1 (a) [C] god or goddess 神; 女神: * Roman deities 罗马诸神. (b) the Deity [sing] God 上帝. 2 [U] divine quality or nature; state of being a god or goddess 神性; 神的身分.

deja vu
[7deiVa: 'vju:; deVa'vju] (French 法) [U] 1 feeling that one remembers an event or scene that one has not experienced or seen before 似曾经历, 似曾相见（认为自己曾经历过或见过某事物的幻觉）: * I had an odd sense of deja vu just as you said that. 你刚才提到的事, 我有一种似曾经历过的奇怪幻觉. 2 (infml 口) feeling that one has experienced sth too often 对某事经历过多的感觉: * There was an awful feeling of deja vu at the annual office party. 对一年一度的同事聚会, 总有一种年年如是的厌倦感.

dejected
[di'dVektid; di'dVektid] adj depressed; sad 沮丧的; 垂头丧气的; 情绪低落的; 郁郁不乐的: * dejected-looking campers in the rain 在雨中神情沮丧的露营者 * Repeated failure had left them feeling very dejected. 他们叁番五次失败後情绪非常低落. > dejectedly adv.

dejection
[di'dVekFn; di'dVekFEn] n [U] sad or dejected state; depression 忧郁; 沮丧; 情绪低落: * The loser sat slumped in dejection. 失败者垂头丧气地坐着, 全身瘫软.

dekko
[5dekEu; 5deko] n (idm 习语) have a dekko (at sth) (dated Brit sl 旧, 俚) have a look 看一眼; 瞧; 瞥: * Have a dekko at this wheel: * the tyre's flat. 瞧瞧这个轮子, 轮胎瘪了.

delay
[di'lei; di'le] v 1 [I, In/pr, Tn] (cause sb to) be slow or late 使（某人）慢或迟到; 耽搁; 延误: * Don't delay! Book your holiday today! 别拖延! 今天就定下你休假的日子! * She delayed (for) two hours and missed the train. 她耽搁两个小时, 把火车误了. * I was delayed by the traffic. 因交通阻塞, 我迟到了. 2 [Tn, Tg] put (sth) off until later; postpone 推迟（某事）; 延期: * We must delay our journey until the weather improves. 我们必须把旅行推迟, 等天气好转再说. * Why have they delayed opening the school? 他们为什麽延期开学? 派生： delay n 1 [U] delaying or being delayed 耽搁; 延误; 推迟; 延期: We must leave without delay. 我们必须立即离开. 2 [C] amount of time for which sb/sth is delayed 被耽搁或推迟的时间: There was a delay (of two hours) before the plane took off. 飞机起飞推迟了（两个小时）. 复合： de,layed-`action adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] operating after an interval of time 在隔一段时间後进行的: a de,layed-action `fuse, `bomb, `camera 延时熔断器、 .

delectable
[di'lektEbl; di'lektEbl] adj (fml 文) (esp of food) delightful; pleasant （尤指食物）令人喜爱的, 合意的, 美味的: * a delectable meal 美餐 * (fig 比喻) What a delectable little girl! 多麽可爱的小姑娘! > delectably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv.

delectation
[7di:lek'teiFn; 7dilek'teFEn] n [U] (fml or joc 文或谑) enjoyment; entertainment 欢娱; 享乐: * And now for your further delectation, we present a selection of popular melodies. 为使你们更加愉快, 我们奉献给你们一组精选的流行歌曲.

delegate
1[5deligEt; 5deligEt] n person chosen or elected by others to express their views (eg at a meeting or conference) 代表（如出席会议者）.

delegation
[7deli'geiFn; 7delE'geFEn] n 1 [U] delegating or being delegated 代表; 委托. 2 [CGp] group of delegates 代表团: * She refused to meet the union delegation. 她拒绝接见工会代表团.

delete
[di'li:t; di'lit] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) cross out or deliberately omit (sth written or printed) 删除或删略（文字）: * The editor deleted the last paragraph (from the article). 编辑删除了（文章的）最後一段. 派生： deletion/di'li:Fn; di'liFEn] n (a) [U] deleting or being deleted 删除. (b) [C] word, passage, etc that has been deleted 删除的词、 段落等.

deleterious
[7deli'tiEriEs; 7delE'tiriEs] adj ~ (to sb/sth) (fml 文) harmful 有害的: * have a deleterious effect on a child's development 对孩子的发育有不良影响. > deleteriously adv.

delft
[delft; delft] (also delftware[5delftweE(r); 5delft-7wer] ) n [U] type of glazed earthenware, usu with blue decoration 代尔夫特陶器（通常有蓝色图案）.

deli
[5deli; 5deli] n (infml 口) delicatessen shop 熟食店.

deliberate
1[di'libErEt; di'libErEt] adj 1 done on purpose; intentional 故意的; 有意的; 蓄意的: * a deliberate insult, lie, act 蓄意的侮辱、 存心编造的谎言、 故意的行为. 2 unhurried; careful 不慌不忙的; 小心翼翼的; 审慎的: * She has a slow, deliberate way of talking. 她谈话的方式缓慢而审慎. * making very deliberate gestures for emphasis 做出非常沉稳的手势以示强调. > deliberately adv: * a deliberately calm tone of voice 从容不迫的平静声调 * She said it deliberately to provoke me. 她故意说这件事向我挑 .

deliberation
[di7libE'reiFn; di7libE'reFEn] n 1 [U, C] careful consideration or discussion 仔细的考虑或商议; 审议: * After long deliberation, they decided not to buy. 他们商量了很长时间後, 决定不买了. * What was the result of your deliberation(s)? 你仔细考虑後结果如何? 2 [U] slowness of movement; carefulness 缓慢; 从容; 审慎: * speak, take aim, walk with great deliberation 从容不迫地说、 瞄准、 散步.

delicacy
[5delikEsi; 5delEkEsi] n 1 [U] softness or tenderness when touched 柔软; 细嫩: * the delicacy of the fabric, a child's skin 纤维的柔软、 小孩皮肤的娇嫩. 2 [U] delicate structure; fineness 精致; 优雅: * the delicacy of her features 她那清秀的容貌. 3 (a) [U] skill or careful treatment 精巧; 小心的处理: * the delicacy of her playing, workmanship, carving 她演奏、 手艺、 雕刻的精巧. (b) [U] tact and restraint in human relations; sensitivity （人际关系中的）技巧和谨慎; 敏感: * She spoke with delicacy of our recent loss. 她机敏婉转地谈到我们最近的损失. * Don't forget the delicacy of our position, ie Remember the need for tact, etc. 不要忘记我们的处境, 需谨慎从事. 4 [U] (of colours, food, smells) pleasantness that does not strongly affect the senses （指颜色、 食物、 气味）柔和, 精美, 清香: * a shade, wine, scent of great delicacy 精美的灯罩、 醇香的葡萄酒、 芬芳的气味. 5 [C] type of food thought to be delicious, esp in a particular place 珍馐, 佳肴（尤指有某处风味的）: * The local people regard these crabs as a great delicacy.当地人认为这些螃蟹是珍馐美味.

delicate
[5delikEt; 5delEkEt] adj 1 soft or tender when touched; made of sth fine or thin 柔软的; 柔和的; 娇嫩的: * as delicate as silk 柔软如丝绸 * a baby's delicate skin 婴儿娇嫩的皮肤. 2 very carefully made or formed; fine; exquisite 精致的; 优美的; 精巧的: * a delicate mechanism, structure, etc 精巧的机械装置、 结构等 * the delicate beauty of a snowflake 雪花的精美. 3 (a) easily injured or damaged; fragile 容易受伤或受损的; 易碎的; 脆弱的: * delicate china 易碎的瓷器 * a delicate plant 娇弱的植物. (b) becoming ill easily; not strong 容易生病的; 不强壮的: * a delicate child, constitution 瘦弱的孩子、 身躯 * She has been in delicate health for some time. 她身体欠佳已有些时日了. 4 (a) showing or needing much skill or careful treatment 精致的; 需技巧的; 精心处理的: * the delicate craftsmanship of a fine watch 制造好表的精湛技艺 * a delicate surgical operation, eg on sb's eyes 精细的外科手术（如眼科手术） * her delicate playing of the sonata 她演奏奏鸣曲的熟技巧. (b) showing or needing tact and good judgement in human relations; sensitive （在人际关系中）有技巧的, 得当的, 得体的, 微妙的: * I admired your delicate handling of the situation. 我很钦佩你这样巧妙地处理了这种局面. * We're conducting very delicate negotiations. 我们正在进行十分审慎的谈判. 5 (of the senses or of instruments) able to detect or show very small changes or differences; sensitive （指感官、 仪器）精密的, 灵敏的: * a delicate sense of smell/touch 灵敏的嗅觉[触觉] * Only a very delicate thermometer can measure such tiny changes in temperature. 只有非常灵敏的温度计才能测出这样微小的温度变化. 6 (a) (of colours) not intense; soft （指颜色）柔和的, 淡的, 浅的: * a delicate shade of pink 淡粉红色. (b) (of food or its taste) pleasing and not strongly flavoured （指食物或味道）美味的, 清淡可口的:

delicate1
* the gentle, delicate flavour of salmon 鱼清淡可口的味道 * Veal is too delicate for a spicy sauce. 小牛肉清淡可口不宜多加调料. (c) (of smell) pleasing and not strong （指气味）柔和的, 淡的: * a delicate perfume, fragrance, aroma, etc 淡雅的香水、 芳香、 香气等. > delicately adv: * delicately carved statues 雕刻精致的塑像 * a delicately phrased compliment 措词高雅的赞词.

delicatessen
[7delikE'tesn; 7delEkE'tesn] n (a) [C] shop selling prepared foods, often unusual or imported, ready for serving (esp cooked meat, smoked fish, cheeses, etc) 熟食店（尤指供应熟肉、 熏鱼、 乾酪等的）. (b) [U] such food 熟食.

delicious
[di'liFEs; di'liFEs] adj giving pleasure, esp to the senses of taste and smell 美味的; 可口的; 芳香的: * a delicious meal, cake, flavour 可口的饭、 糕点、 味道 * It smells delicious! 闻起来多香啊! * (fig 比喻) What a delicious joke! 多有趣的笑话! > deliciously adv: * a deliciously creamy soup 可口的奶油汤.

delight
1[di'lait; di'lait] n 1 [U] great pleasure; joy 高兴; 快乐; 愉快: * give delight to sb 使某人快乐 * To our great delight, the day turned out fine. 我们感到高兴的是天气转晴了. 2 [C] cause or source of pleasure 使人高兴的原因: * Her singing is a delight. 她的歌声使人快乐. * the delights of living in the country 在乡村生活的乐趣. 3 (idm 习语) take delight in sth/doing sth find pleasure in sth/doing sth (esp sth cruel or wrong) 以某事物[做某事]为乐（尤指残忍的事或坏事）: * He takes great delight in proving others wrong. 他的极大乐趣是证实别人错了. 派生： delightful[-fl; -fEl] adj ~ (to sb) giving delight 使人快乐的; 令人愉快的: * a delightful holiday, melody, conversation 令人愉快的假日、 曲调、 谈话 * No news could be more delightful to me. 这消息最令我高兴. delightfully[-fEli; -fEli] adv.

delimit
[di:'limit; di'limit] v [Tn] fix the limits or boundaries of (sth) 确定（某事物）的范围或界线: * The first chapter delimits her area of research. 第一章阐明了她的研究领域. > delimitation/di:7limi'teiFn; di7limE'teFEn] n [C, U].

delineate
[di'linieit; di'lini7et] v [Tn] (fml 文) show (sth) by drawing or describing; portray 画出或描述出（某事物）; 描绘; 描写: * delineate sb's features, character 描绘某人的面貌、 性格 * delineate one's plans 描述某人的计划. > delineation/di7lini'eiFn; di7lini'eFEn] n [C, U].

delinquency
[di'liNkwEnsi; di'liNkwEnsi] n (a) [U, C] minor crime such as vandalism, esp when committed by young people 不严重的罪（如破坏公物, 尤指青少年所为者）: * juvenile delinquency 少年犯罪. (b) [U] failure to perform one's duty 失职: * The captain's delinquency led to the loss of the ship. 船长失职而损失了一艘轮船.

delinquent
[di'liNkwEnt; di'liNkwEnt] n, adj (person) doing wrong or failing to perform a duty 做错事的或失职的（人）: * a juvenile delinquent 少年违法者 * delinquent behaviour 失职行为 * a delinquent soldier 犯过的士兵.

deliquescent
[7deli'kwesnt; 7delE'kwesnt] adj (chemistry 化) becoming liquid by absorbing moisture from the air 潮解的.

delirious
[di'liriEs; di'liriEs] adj 1 (a) suffering from delirium 神志昏乱的; 谵妄的: * He's so delirious he doesn't know where he is. 他精神错乱, 竟不知自己身在何处. (b) showing the effects of delirium 显示精神错乱的: * a delirious condition, reply 狂乱的状态、 回答. 2 (fig 比喻) very excited and happy 非常激动的; 特别愉快的: * The children were delirious (with joy) as they opened the parcels. 孩子们打开包裹时欣喜若狂. > deliriously adv: * raving deliriously 疯狂地吼叫 * deliriously happy 狂喜.

delirium
[di'liriEm; di'liriEm] n [U] 1 mental disturbance caused by (esp feverish) illness, resulting in restlessness and often wild talk 精神错乱, 说胡话（尤指因发烧等引起者）: * exhausted by the fever and delirium 因发烧说胡话而疲惫不堪. 2 (fig 比喻) excited happiness 狂喜. 复合： de,lirium `tremens[-'tri:menz; -'trimEnz] (abbr 缩写 DT(s)) delirium caused by extreme alcoholism 震颤性谵妄（由过度嗜酒引起）.

deliver
[di'livE(r); di'livl] v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (to sb/sth) take (letters, parcels, goods, etc) to the places or people they are addressed to 递送, 传送（信件、 包裹、 货物等）: * We deliver (your order) to your door! 我们送货上门! * A courier delivered the parcels (to our office). 送急件的人将包裹送来（送到我们办公室）了. * Did you deliver my message to my father? 你把我的信息传给我父亲了吗? 2 (a) [Tn.pr only passive 只用於被动语态] be ~ed of sb (fml 文) give birth to (a child) 生（小孩儿）: * She was delivered of a healthy boy. 她生了一个健康的男孩儿. (b) [Tn] help a mother to give birth to (a child) 协助产妇分娩; 助产; 接生: * Her baby was delivered by her own doctor. 她的婴儿是由她自己的医生给接生的. (c) [Tn.pr] ~ oneself of sth (fml 文) state sth 发言; 发表: * deliver oneself of an opinion, a judgement, etc 发表意见、 看法等. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (up/over) (to sb) (fml 文) give sth up; hand sth over; surrender sth 放弃某事物; 交出某物: * deliver (up) a fortress to the enemy 弃守要塞任敌人占据 * deliver over one's property to one's children 把财产交给子女. 4 [Tn, Tn.pr] give (a lecture, sermon, speech, etc) 授（课）; 讲（道）; 讲（话）: * She delivered a talk on philosophy to the society. 她给学会作了一次有关哲学的讲话. 5 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from sth) (arch 古) rescue sb (from sth); save sb; free sb 拯救某人; 解救某人; 释放某人: * May God deliver us from evil. 愿上帝拯救我们脱离罪恶. 6 (a) [Tn] throw or launch (sth) in flight; release 投掷, 发射（某物）; 放出: * In cricket, the ball is delivered overarm. 打板球时, 要举臂过肩掷球. * The missile is delivered from underground. 这种导弹由地下发射. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] give (a blow) 给予（打击）: * deliver a blow to the jaw 给颌部一击 * (fig 比喻) The teacher delivered a sharp rebuke to the class. 教师尖刻地申斥了全班学生.

deliver1
7 (infml 口) (a) [I, Ipr] ~ (on sth) give what is expected or promised 不负所望; 履行诺言: * They promise to finish the job in June, but can they deliver (on that)? 他们答应六月份完成这项工作, 但他们能说到做到吗? (b) [Tn] achieve (a level of performance) 达到（某一能力、 性能等的水平）: * The new model delivers speed and fuel economy. 这种新型设计能提高速度、 节约燃料. * If you can't deliver improved sales figures, you're fired! 你要是不能提高销售额, 就把你解雇! 8 (idm 习语) come up with/deliver the goods => goods. 派生： deliverer n 1 person who delivers (deliver 1, 2, 3, 4) 递送者; 助产者; 述说者; 放弃者; 交付者; 授课者; 讲道者; 演讲者. 2 rescuer; saviour 拯救者; 救星.

deliverance
[di'livErEns; di'livErEns] n [U] ~ (from sth) being freed or rescued 被释放; 被拯救: * They prayed for an early deliverance from captivity. 他们为早日获释而祈祷.

delivery
[di'livEri; di'livEri] n 1 (a) [U] delivering (of letters, goods, etc) 递送, 投递, 交付（信件、 货物等）: * Your order is ready for delivery. 你订购的货物可随时交付. * Please pay on (ie at the time of) delivery. 请於交货时付款. (b) [C] goods, mail, etc delivered （递送或交付的）货物、 邮件等: * We had a big delivery of coal today. 今天我们收到大批订购的煤. (c) [C] instance of delivering (parcels, goods, etc) （包裹、 货物等的）递送, 交付: * We have two postal deliveries each day. 我们每天收到两次信. 2 [C, U] process of birth 分娩: * an easy/difficult delivery 顺[难]产 * the first stage of delivery 第一产程. 3 [sing] manner of speaking (in lectures, etc) （在讲课等中的）讲话方式, 风度, 态度: * Her poor delivery spoilt an otherwise good speech. 她的演讲在各方面都很好, 却因表达技巧差而功亏一篑. 4 (a) [U] throwing or launching in flight (of a ball, missile, etc) （球的）投掷; （导弹的）发射. (b) [C] ball thrown (esp one bowled in cricket or thrown in baseball) 投掷的球（尤指板球或棒球）: * a fast, hostile delivery 快速投球、 投出刁球. 5 (idm 习语) cash on delivery => cash. take delivery (of sth) receive sth 收到某物: * When can you take delivery of the car? 你什麽时候才能收到那辆汽车? 复合： de`livery note (esp Brit) note, usu in duplicate, sent with goods and signed by the person receiving them 送货单（通常有副本, 与货物一起送出, 由收货人签收）. de`livery van (US de`livery truck) van used for delivering goods 厢式送货车.

dell
[del; del] n small valley, usu with trees on its sides 小山谷（通常两边有树）.

delouse
[7di:'laus; di'laus] v [Tn] remove the lice from (sb/sth) 消灭（某人[某物]）的虱子.

Delphic
[5delfik; 5delfik] adj 1 of the ancient Greek oracle at Delphi 特尔斐之古希腊神谕的. 2 mysterious or unclear because more than one meaning is possible 深奥难解的; 含义不明的; 意义模 两可的: * a Delphic utterance 语意含混不清的话.

delphinium
[del'finiEm; del'finiEm] n garden plant with tall spikes of (usu blue) flowers 飞燕草（园艺植物, 开穗状花, 通常为蓝色）.

delta
[5deltE; 5deltE] n 1 the fourth letter of the Greek alphabet (}, ) 希腊字母表的第四个字母（}, ）. 2 triangular area of alluvial land at a river's mouth, enclosed or crossed by branches of the river （河口的）叁角洲: * the Nile Delta 尼罗河叁角洲. 复合： ,delta wing `aircraft aircraft with swept-back wings that give it a triangular appearance 叁角翼飞机.

delude
[di'lu:d; di'lud] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (with sth/into doing sth) deliberately mislead sb; deceive sb 诳 惑某人; 欺骗某人; 哄骗某人: * a poor deluded fool 受骗的可怜傻瓜 * delude sb with empty promises 以虚假的诺言哄骗某人 * delude oneself with false hopes 以虚幻的希望欺骗自己 * delude sb/oneself into believing that... 欺骗某人[自己]误以为....

deluge
[5delju:dV; 5deljudV] n 1 (a) great flood or rush of water 洪水; 大水流: * When the snow melts, the mountain stream becomes a deluge. 雪融化时, 山间溪流变成山洪暴发. (b) heavy fall of rain 大暴雨; 倾盆大雨: * I got caught in the deluge on the way home. 我在回家的路上遇到倾盆大雨. 2 (fig 比喻) great quantity of sth that comes all at once 同时涌来的大量事物: * a deluge of work, words, letters 涌来的大量工作、 滔滔不绝的话、 纷至沓来的信件. 派生： deluge v [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] 1 ~ sth (with sth) flood sth (with sth) （以某物）淹没某物: The town was deluged with thick slimy mud. 该城到处都是又厚又黏的泥. 2 ~ sb/sth (with sth) (fig 比喻) send or give sb/sth a very large quantity of sth （事物）涌现: I was deluged with phone calls. 我的电话应接不暇. * We advertised the job and were deluged with applications. 我们登出了这项工作的广告, 收到的申请书不计其数.

delusion
[di'lu:Vn; di'luVEn] n 1 [U] deluding or being deluded 诳惑; 欺骗: * His arguments sound convincing but they're based on delusion. 他的论据听起来似乎有理, 但根本上是欺骗性的. 2 [C] false opinion or belief, esp one that may be a symptom of madness 幻想, 妄想, 错觉（尤指可能因精神错乱所致）: * be under a delusion/under the delusion that... 有...的错觉 * suffer from delusions 患妄想症 * Your hopes of promotion are a mere delusion. 你提升的希望只不过是一种幻想. 3 (idm 习语) delusions of `grandeur false belief in one's own importance 妄自尊大: * She wants to travel first-class: * she must have delusions of grandeur. 她想坐头等舱旅行, 她一定自以为很了不起.

delusive
[di'lu:siv; di'lusiv] adj not real; misleading 不真实的; 诳惑的; 骗人的; 使人产生错觉的: * a delusive belief, impression, etc 虚妄的信念、 使人产生错觉的印象. > delusively adv.

delve
[delv; delv] v 1 [Ipr] ~ in/into sth (a) search or rummage in sth 在某物中搜寻或翻查: * She delved in her bag and pulled out a pen. 她在提包里翻找, 拿出一枝钢笔. * delve into a drawer, box, pocket, etc for sth 在抽屉、 盒子、 衣袋等里寻找某物. (b) try to find information about sth; study sth 探索; 钻研: * a writer delving in medieval French literature 研究中世纪法国文学的作家 * She delved into the origins of the custom. 她探究这种习俗的起源. 2 [I] (arch 古) dig 挖掘.

Dem
abbr 缩写 = (US) Democrat; Democratic. Cf 参看 Rep 2.

demagnetize, demagnetise
[7di:'mAgnitaiz; di'mAgnE7taiz] v [Tn] remove the magnetic properties of (sth) 除去（某物）的磁性. > demagnetization, -isation[7di:-mAgnitai'zeiFn; 7dimAgnEtE'zeFEn] n.

demagogue
[5demEgCg; 5demE7gag] n political leader who tries to win people's support by using emotional and often unreasonable arguments 蛊惑民心的政客. 派生： demagogic[7demE'gCgik; 7demE'gagik] adj of or like a demagogue （似）蛊惑民心的政客的; 蛊惑民心的; 煽动性的. demagogy[5demEgCgi; 5demE7gagi] n [U] principles and methods of a demagogue 蛊惑民心的策略和手段.

demand
1[di'ma:nd; - di'mAnd; di'mAnd] n 1 [C] ~ (for sb to do sth); ~ (for sth/that...) command, or sth which is given as if it was a command 要求; 请求: * receive a tax demand 接到纳税通知 * It is impossible to satisfy all your demands. 满足你所有的要求是不可能的. * The workers' demands for higher pay were refused by the employers. 工人要求提高工资遭到雇主拒绝. * There have been fresh demands for the Prime Minister to resign. 人们最近不断要求首相辞职. * demands for reform/that there should be reform 改革要求. 2 [U] ~ (for sth/sb) desire of customers for goods or services which they wish to buy or use （顾客的）需求, 需要: * We blame poor overseas demand for the car's failure. 我们将汽车滞销归咎於海外需求量太低. * Demand for skilled workers is high; but there is no demand for unskilled ones. 非常需要熟练工人, 但却不需要生手. * Demand for fish this month exceeds supply. 本月份鱼供不应求. 3 [C] (also de`mand note) note that requires sb to pay money owed, eg income tax 缴款通知. 4 (idm 习语) in de`mand much wanted; popular 非常需要的; 受欢迎的: * Good secretaries are always in demand. 好的秘书总是很多人都需要的. * She is in great demand as a singer. 她是个十分受欢迎的歌手. make demands of/on sb oblige sb to use a lot of skill, strength, etc 需要某人用高度技巧、 很大力气等: * This new aircraft makes tremendous demands of the pilot. 这种新飞机需要飞行员有极高的技巧. on de`mand whenever asked for 一经要求: * a cheque payable on demand 即时兑现的支票 * She's in favour of abortion on demand. 对於人工流产, 她赞成有求必应. 复合： de`mand bill, de`mand loan (esp US) bill/loan that must be paid when payment is demanded 即付汇票[活期贷款]. Cf 参看 supply and demand (supply).

demanding
[di'ma:ndiN; - di'mAndiN; di'mAndiN] adj (a) (of a task, etc) needing much patience, skill, effort, etc （指任务等）需要很大耐性、 技巧、 努力等的: * a demanding job, schedule, etc 需要高度技巧的工作、 需努力才能实现的计划. (b) (of a person) making others work hard, meet high standards, etc （指人）对他人要求高的, 苛求的: * a demanding boss, father, etc 苛求的老板、 父亲等 * Children are so demanding: * they need constant attention. 孩子们总有所求, 需要时刻照顾他们.

demarcate
[5di:ma:keit; di'market] v [Tn] mark or fix the limits of (sth) 标出或确定（某事物）的界线: * The playing area is demarcated by a white line. 运动场地以白线为界.

demarcation
[7di:ma:'keiFn; 7dimar'keFEn] n [U, C] (marking of a) limit or boundary, esp between types of work considered by trade unions to belong to workers in different trades 划界线; 界线; （尤指工会认为属於不同行业间的）工种界线: * a line of demarcation 分界线 * [attrib 作定语] demarcation disputes in industry 工业上工种界线的纠纷.

demarche
[5deima:F; de'marF] n (French 法) political step or proceeding 政治上的步骤或手段.

demean
[di'mi:n; di'min] v [Tn, Tnt] ~ oneself lower oneself in dignity; deprive oneself of others' respect 降低自己的身分; 失去别人的尊重; 贬低自己: * Don't demean yourself by telling such obvious lies. 你不要用这种明显的谎言自贬人格. * I wouldn't demean myself to ask for favours from them. 我不会降低身分向他们求情. 派生： demeaning adj lowering (sb's) dignity; degrading 降低身分的; 卑微的; 堕落的: He found it very demeaning to have to work for his former employee. 他觉得要为他以前的雇员工作很失身分.

demeanour
(US -nor)[di'mi:nE(r); di'minl] n [U] (fml 文) way of behaving; conduct 行为; 举止: * I dislike his arrogant demeanour. 我讨厌他那傲慢的行为.

demented
[di'mentid; di'mentid] adj (a) mad 疯狂的: * a poor, demented creature 可怜的疯子. (b) (fig infml 比喻, 口) agitated because of worry, anger, etc （因忧虑、 愤怒等）焦躁不安的: * When her child was two hours late, she became quite demented. 她孩子晚了两个小时, 她心急如焚. > dementedly adv.

dementia
[di'menFE; di'menFE] n [U] (medical 医) madness with loss of powers of thinking due to brain disease or injury 痴呆. 复合： dementia praecox/di7menFE 'pri:kCks; di7menFE 'pri7kaks] (fml 文) schizophrenia 早发性痴呆症; 精神分裂症.

demerara
[7demE'reErE; 7demE'rerE] n [U] (also ,demerara `sugar) light-brown raw cane sugar 浅褐色蔗糖.

demerit
[di:'merit; di'merit] n (fml 文) fault; defect 缺点; 不足; 欠缺: * consider the merits and demerits of a system 考虑一个制度的长处和短处.

demesne
[di'mein; di'men] n (law 律) (a) [U] possession and use of land as one's own property 土地的领有和使用（作为私产）: * land held in demesne 领有的地产. (b) [C] estate with land held in this way, ie without tenants living on it 领有供自用的地产（即无佃户租用）.

demi
monde

demi-
pref 前缀 (with ns 与名词结合) half; partly 半; 部分: demigod.

demigod
[5demigCd; 5demE7gad] n (in classical mythology) being who is partly divine and partly human, esp the offspring of a god or goddess and a human （古典神话中）半神半人（尤指神与人所生的後代）.

demijohn
[5demidVCn; 5demE7dVan] n large bottle with a narrow neck, often in a wickerwork case 细颈大瓶（常置於柳条套中）.

demilitarize, demilitarise
[7di:'militEraiz; di'milEtE7raiz] v [Tn] remove military forces or installations from (an area) as a result of a treaty or an agreement 从（一地区）撤军或拆除军事设施: * a demilitarized zone 非军事区. > demilitarization, -isation/ 9di:9mIlItEraI5zeIFn;?@ -rI5z-; di9mIlEtErI`zeFEn] n [U, Gp].

demise
[di'maiz; di'maiz] n [sing] 1 (fml 文) death 死; 死亡. 2 (fig 比喻) end or failure (of an enterprise, etc) 停业; 倒闭: * This loss led to the demise of the business. 这一损失导致了公司的倒闭.

demist
[7di:'mist; di'mist] v [Tn] remove the mist from (eg the windscreen of a car) 除去（如汽车挡风玻璃）上面的雾水. 派生： demister (US defroster) n device that warms (esp the windscreen of a vehicle) to stop mist forming 除雾器（尤指车辆挡风玻璃的）.

demo
[5demEu; 5demo] n (pl ~s) (infml 口 esp Brit) = demonstration(3).

demob
[7di:'mCb; di'mab] v (-bb-) [Tn] (Brit infml 口) = demobilize (sb). 派生： demob n [U] (Brit infml 口) = demobilization.

demobilize, demobilise
[di:'mEubElaiz; di'mobE7laiz] v [Tn] release (sb) from military service 使（某人）复员, 退伍; 遣散（军队）. > demobilization, -isation[7di:7mEu-bElai'zeiFn; - -li'z-; 7dimobEli'zeFEn] n [U].

democracy
[di'mCkrEsi; dE'makrEsi] n 1 (a) [U] system of government by the whole people of a country, esp through representatives whom they elect 民主; 民主政治; 民主政体; 民主制度: * parliamentary democracy 议会民主政体. (b) [C] country having such a system 民主国家: * the Western democracies 西方的民主国家. 2 [C, U] (country with a) government that allows freedom of speech, religion and political opinion, that upholds the rule of law and majority rule and that respects the rights of minorities 民主政府; 有民主政府的国家: * the principles of democracy 民主政府的原则. 3 (a) [U] treatment of each other by citizens as equals, without social class divisions 民主精神; 民主作风: * Is there more democracy in Australia than in Britain? 澳大利亚比英国更民主吗? (b) [C] society where such conditions exist 民主社会. 4 [U] control of an organization by its members, who take part in the making of decisions （一组织由其成员的）民主管理: * industrial democracy 企业的民主管理.

democrat
[5demEkrAt; 5demE7krAt] n 1 person who believes in or supports democracy 民主主义者.2 Democrat (abbr 缩写 D) member or supporter of the Democratic Party of the US 美国民主党的党员或拥护者. Cf 参看 republican 2.

democratic
[7demE'krAtik; 7demE'krAtik] adj 1 based on the principles of democracy (1a) 民主的; 民主政治的; 民主政体的: * democratic rights, elections 民主的权利、 选举 * democratic government, rule, etc 民主的政府、 统治等. 2 of or supporting democracy(3); paying no or little attention to class divisions based on birth or wealth 民主作风的; 平等的: * a democratic society, outlook 民主的社会、 观点. 3 of or supporting control of an organization by its members 民主管理的: * democratic involvement, participation, etc 参与民主管理、 参加民主管理. > democratically[-kli; -kli] adv: * democratically elected, decided, etc 民主选举的、 民主决定的. 复合： Demo`cratic Party one of the two main political parties in the US 民主党（美国两大主要政党之一）. Cf 参看 Republican Party (republican).

democratize, democratise
[di'mCkrEtaiz; dE'makrE7taiz] v [Tn] make (sth) democratic 使（某事）民主化: * democratize the administration of an organization 使一组织的管理民主化. > democratization, -isation/di-7mCkrEtai'zeiFn; di7makrEtE'zeFEn] n [U].

demography
[di'mCgrEfi; di'magrEfi] n [U] study of statistics of births, deaths, diseases, etc in order to show the state of a community 人口统计学; 人口学. 派生： demographer/di'mCgrEfE(r); di'magrEfl] n expert in such studies 人口统计学家; 人口学家. demographic[7demE'grAfik; 7demE'grAfik] adj.

demolish
[di'mCliF; di'maliF] v [Tn] 1 (a) pull or knock down (a building, etc) 拆毁, 拆除（建 物等）: * They've demolished the slum district. 贫民区已拆除. (b) (fig 比喻) destroy (a theory, etc) 推翻, 驳倒（理论等）: * Her article brilliantly demolishes his argument. 她的文章精辟地批驳了他的论点. 2 (fig joc 比喻, 谑) eat (sth) greedily 贪婪地吃（某物）: * She demolished two whole pies. 她贪婪地吃下两个馅饼. > demolition[7demE-'liFn; 7demE'liFEn] n [U, C]: * the demolition of the houses 房屋的拆除 * [attrib 作定语] demolition contractors 做拆除工作的承包者.

demon
[5di:mEn; 5dimEn] n 1 wicked or cruel spirit 恶魔; 魔鬼: * medieval carvings of demons 中世纪的魔鬼雕像. 2 (infml 口) (a) person thought to be wicked, mischievous, etc 恶人; 恶棍; 调皮鬼: * Your son's a little demon. 你儿子是个小调皮鬼. (b) ~ (for sth) energetic person 精力充沛的人: * She's a demon for work, ie works very hard. 她工作起来精力充沛. * [attrib 作定语] a demon worker 精力过人的工作者. (c) fierce or aggressive player 勇猛的运动员; 攻击型的运动员: * [attrib 作定语] a demon bowler 勇猛的投球手. 3 (idm 习语) the demon `drink (joc 谑) alcoholic drink, esp when it is the cause of wild noisy behaviour 含酒精的饮料（尤指饮後使人撒酒疯者）: * He's very violent: * it's the demon drink, you know. 他大撒酒疯, 你要知道就是因为喝了那种酒. > demonic/di:'mCnik; di'manik] adj: * demonic energy 过人的精力.

demonetize, demonetise
[7di:'mQnitaiz; di'mQnE7taiz] v stop (a metal) being used as currency 使（某金属）不再用作货币. > demonetization, -isation/di:7mQnitai-'zeiFn; - -ti'z-; di7mQnEti'zeFEn] n [U].

demoniac
[di'mEuniAk; di'moni7Ak] (also demoniacal[7di:mE'naiEkl; 7dimE'naiEkl] ) adj (a) very evil; devilish 邪恶的; 凶恶的; 恶魔般的: * demoniac tortures, plans 酷刑、 邪恶的计划. (b) frenzied; fiercely energetic 疯狂的; 精力极充沛的: * demoniac energy, fury, etc 逾常的精力、 狂怒等.

demonstrable
[5demEnstrEbl; - di'mCnstrEbl; 5di-manstrEbl] adj that can be shown or proved 可表明的; 可证实的: * a demonstrable lie, inaccuracy, etc 明显的谎言、 误差等. > demonstrability[7demEnstrE'bilEti;7demEnstrE'bilEti] n [U]. demonstrably[-bli; -bli] adv.

demonstrate
[5demEnstreit; 5demEn7stret] v 1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tf, Tw] ~ sth (to sb) show sth clearly by giving proof or evidence 证明; 论证: * demonstrate the truth of a statement (to sb) （向某人）证明一说法的真实性 * How do you demonstrate that the pressure remains constant? 你怎样证明压力一直不变? * Can you demonstrate what you mean by that? 你那样做能说明你的意思吗? (b) [Tn, Tf, Tw] be an example of (sth); show 是（某事物）的实例; 表明; 表示: * The election demonstrates democracy in action. 这次选举是以实际行动体现了民主. * His sudden departure demonstrates that he's unreliable/how unreliable he is. 他突然离去表明他不可靠[他多麽不可靠]. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tw] ~ sth (to sb) show and explain how sth works or a way of doing sth 示范并解释某物如何操作或使用: * An assistant demonstrated the washing machine (to customers). 店员（向顾客）示范如何使用洗衣机. * She demonstrated how best to defend oneself. 她示范最有效的自卫方法. 3 [I, Ipr] ~ (against/in favour of sb/sth) take part in a public rally, etc, usu as a protest or to show support 示威; 进行示威集会或游行: * Thousands demonstrated against the price increases. 数以千计的人举行示威, 抗议物价上涨. 4 [Tn] express (sth) by one's actions 用行动表达（某事）: * Workers have already demonstrated their opposition to the plans. 工人们已经表明反对这些方案. * demonstrate strong feelings 显示出强烈的感情.

demonstration
[7demEn'streiFn; 7demEn'streFEn] n 1 [C, U] (instance of) showing sth by giving proof or evidence 证明; 论证: * convinced by (a) scientific demonstration 以科学的论证使人信服 * a demonstration of a law of physics 证明一物理定律. 2 [C, U] (instance of) showing and explaining how sth works （对某物如何操作的）示范, 解释: * a demonstration of the computer's functions 计算机功能的示范表演. =>Usage 见所附用法. 3 [C] ~ (against/in favour of sb/sth) public, often organized, rally or march protesting against or supporting sb/sth （抗议或拥护某人[某事], 常为有组织的）集会或游行: * a mass demonstration in support of the regime 拥护该政权的群众集会. 4 [C] outward sign; example 表现; 表示; 实例: * a demonstration of affection, eg embracing sb 爱的表示（如拥抱某人） * a clear demonstration of their intentions 他们明显表示意图. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: 1 A demonstration and a display do not require a specific or permanent site.*demonstration和display不必有特定的或永久的地点. At a demonstration one sees how something works or is done 在demonstration中可以看到某事物的操作情形: a cookery demonstration 烹饪表演 * a demonstration of a new car 新汽车的使用示范. 2 A display is often for public entertainment *display常用於公共娱乐方面: a flying, fireworks, fashion, etc display 飞行、 烟火、 时装等表演. 3 A trade exhibition/show/fair is held in an exhibition hall or centre where commercial or industrial goods are advertised *trade exhibition/ show/ fair是在exhibition hall或centre中举办的, 用以宣传工商业产品: a book fair 书展 * the World Trade Fair 世界贸易博览会 * the Motor Show 机动车辆展览 * the Great Exhibition 大型展览会. 4 A show can also be of domestic animals or plants, often in competition for prizes. *show还可作豢养的动物展览或栽培的花草展览, 常为有奖竞赛. Paintings, drawings, etc are displayed in an exhibition 绘画等则在exhibition中展出: the Chelsea Flower Show 切尔西花展

demonstration1
* a horse show 马展 * an art exhibition 美术展览会. 5 A fair or funfair is also a collection of entertainments (roundabouts, stalls, etc) travelling from town to town. *fair或funfair也可作巡回的娱乐集会（有旋转木马、 游戏摊位等）.

demonstrative
[di'mCnstrEtiv; di'manstrEtiv] adj 1 (a) (of people) showing the feelings readily （指人）易流露感情的, 喜怒形於色的: * Some people are more demonstrative than others. 有些人较爱流露感情. (b) expressing feelings, esp affection, openly 公开表露感情的（尤指爱慕之情）: * He's very demonstrative: * he kissed me on both cheeks. 他热情奔放, 吻了我的双颊. 2 (grammar) (of a determiner or pronoun) indicating the person or thing referred to （指限定词或代词）指示的: * In `This is my bike', `this' is a demonstrative pronoun. 在This is my bike一句中, this是指示代词. > demonstratively adv. demonstrativeness n [U]: * embarrassed by demonstrativeness 受公开表露的爱慕之情所窘.

demonstrator
[5demEnstreitE(r); 5demEn7stretl] n 1 person who teaches or explains by demonstrating (demonstrate 2) 示范助教: * The demonstrators set up apparatus for the experiment. 示范助教安排好了实验装置. 2 person who demonstrates (demonstrate 3) 示威者; 游行者; 集会者: * The noisy demonstrators were dispersed by the police. 喧嚷的示威者遭警察驱散.

demoralize, demoralise
[di'mCrElaiz; - -'mC:r-; di'mCrEl-7aiz] v [Tn] weaken the courage or self-confidence of (sb); dishearten 削弱（某人）的勇气或自信心; 使泄气; 使士气低落: * The troops were thoroughly demoralized by this set-back. 这一挫败使部队士气丧失殆尽. * feel very demoralized 觉得十分沮丧 * The news is very demoralizing. 这消息很使人泄气. Cf 参看 dispirit. > demoralization, -isation/ dI9mCrElaI5zeIFn; ?@ -9mR:rElE5z-; dI9mRrElE`zeFEn] n [U].

demote
[7di:'mEut; di'mot] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from sth) (to sth) reduce sb to a lower rank or grade 将某人降级或降职: * He was demoted from sergeant to corporal. 他由中士降到下士. Cf 参看 promote. > demotion[7di:'mEuFn; di'moFEn] n [C, U].

demotic
[di'mCtik; di'matik] adj of or used by ordinary people 民众的; 通俗的: * demotic Greek, ie the informal, esp spoken, form of modern Greek 现代希腊语的通俗形式（尤指口语）.

demur
[di'mE:(r); di'mE] v (-rr-) [I, Ipr] ~ (at sth) (fml 文) express a doubt (about sth) or an objection (to sth) （对某事物）表示怀疑或反对: * I suggested putting the matter to a vote, but the chairman demurred. 我建议对此事投票表决, 但主席表示反对. 派生： demur n (idm 习语) without de`mur without objecting or hesitating 无异议地; 不犹豫地.

demure
[di'mjuE(r); di'mjur] adj (a) (pretending to be) quiet, serious and modest （故作）静的, 严肃的, 谦虚的: * a very demure young lady 假装矜持的少女. (b) suggesting that one is demure 显示静的、 严肃的、 谦虚的: * a demure smile, reply, etc 静的微笑、 谦逊的回答. > demurely adv. demureness n [U].

demystify
[7di:'mistifai; di'mistE7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn] make (sth) less mysterious; make clear 使（某事物）非神秘化; 弄清楚: * We are trying to demystify the workings of government. 我们要尽量使政府工作公开化. 派生： demystification[7di:7mistifi'keiFn; 7dimistEfE'keFEn] n [U] action of making sth less mysterious 非神秘化: * The demystification of the Resurrection upsets many Christians. 把耶稣的复活作非神秘化解释使许多基督徒不快.

den
[den; den] n 1 animal's hidden home, eg a cave 兽穴; 窝（如山洞）: * a bear's/lion's den 熊的[狮子的]洞穴. 2 (derog 贬) secret meeting-place 秘密相聚之处: * an `opium den 鸦片烟窟 * a den of thieves 贼窝. 3 (infml 口) room in a home where a person can work or study without being disturbed （家中的）私室, 书斋: * retire to one's den 回到自己的私室. 4 (idm 习语) beard the lion in his den => beard2. a den of i`niquity/`vice (often joc 常作戏谑语) a place where evil or immoral activities go on 进行罪恶活动的地方: * He thought of New York as a den of iniquity. 他认为纽约是个藏污纳垢之处.

denationalize, denationalise
[7di:'nAFEnElaiz; di'nAFEnl7aiz] v [Tn] put (a nationalized industry) back into private ownership, usu by selling shares in it; privatize 将（国营工业）恢复为私营; 使非国有化; 使私有化. Cf 参看 nationalize 1. > denationalization, -isation/ 9di: * 9nFEnElaI5zeIFn; US -lI5z-; di9nAFEnElI`zeFEn/ n [U].

denatured
[7di:'neitFEd; di'netFld] adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] (a) made unfit for eating and drinking (but possibly still usable for other purposes) 不适於食用或饮用的; 变性的: * denatured alcohol 变性酒精. (b) having lost its natural qualities 已失去天然特性的: * denatured rubber, ie no longer elastic 失去弹性的橡胶.

deniable
[di'naiEbl; di'naiEbl] adj that can be denied 可否认的; 可否定的; 可拒绝的: * I suppose these changes are deniable? ie We might convince others they are not true. 我想这些更动可以驳回吧?

denial
[di'naiEl; di'naiEl] n 1 [C] ~ (of sth/that...) statement that sth is not true 否认: * the prisoner's repeated denials of the charges against him 囚犯对被控罪名再叁否认 * an official denial that there would be an election in May 官方对五月份要进行选举一事加以否认. 2 [C, U] (a) ~ of sth refusal to grant (justice, rights, etc) （对公正处理、 权利等的）拒绝, 拒不给予: * condemn the denial of basic human freedoms 谴责剥夺基本的自由权. (b) ~ (of sth) refusal (of a request, etc) （对要求等的）拒绝: * the denial of his request for leave 对他请假予以拒绝.

denier
[5deniE(r); 5denir] n unit for measuring fineness of rayon, nylon and silk yarns 旦尼尔, 旦（人造丝、 尼龙、 丝、 纱线的纤度单位）: * [attrib 作定语] 30 denier stockings 30旦的长袜.

denigrate
[5denigreit; 5denE7gret] v [Tn] claim (unfairly) that (sb/sth) is inferior, worthless, etc; belittle 诋毁; 贬低; 诬蔑: * denigrate sb's character, achievements, etc 诋毁某人的人格、 成就等. > denigration[7deni-'greiFn; 7denE'greFEn] n [U].

denim
[5denim; 5denEm] n 1 [U] hard-wearing twilled cotton cloth (used for jeans, overalls, etc) 斜纹粗棉布（用於制牛仔裤、 工作服、 罩衫等）. 2 denims [pl] (infml 口) jeans made from this 斜纹粗棉布制的牛仔裤.

denizen
[5denizn; 5denEzn] n (fml or joc 文或谑) person or type of animal or plant living or growing permanently in a place 长久生长於某地的人或动植物: * polar bears, denizens of the frozen north 北极熊, 北极冰天雪地的老住户 * Blenkinsop, a respected denizen of our school, ie a teacher who has been there for a long time. 布伦金索普, 我校长期备受尊敬的教师.

denomination
[di7nCmi'neiFn; di7namE'neFEn] n 1 (fml 文) name, esp of a general class or type; classification 名称（尤指种类名称）; 分类: * agreed denominations for various species of fish 各种鱼的公认的分类. 2 religious group or sect 宗教派别: * The Protestant denominations include the Methodists, the Presbyterians and the Baptists. 新教派别包括卫理公会派、 长老会派、 浸礼派. 3 class or unit of measurement or money 度量衡或货币的单位: * The US coin of the lowest denomination is the cent. 美国硬币的最小单位是美分. * We can reduce fractions to the same denomination 分数可以化为同分母, 如denominator /// /di'nCmineitE(r); di'namE7netl] n (mathematics 数) number below the line in a fraction, showing how many parts the whole is divided into, eg 4 in 分母（如denote /// /di'nEut; di'not] v (a) [Tn] be the name, sign or symbol of (sth); refer to 作为（某事物）的名称、 符号或象徵; 指的是: * What does the term `organic' denote? organic一词指的是什麽? * In algebra, the sign x usually denotes an unknown quantity. 在代数中, x符号通常代表一未知的量. (b) [Tn, Tf] indicate (sth) 表示（某事物）: * The mark denotes an omission. 增补号（ ）表示有脱漏. * This mark denotes that a word has been deleted. 这个符号表示有个词已删掉.

denouement
[7dei'nu:mCN; - 7deinu:'mC:N; denu'mCN] n last part, esp of a novel, play, etc, in which everything is settled or made clear 最後部分; （尤指小说、 戏剧等的）结局: * In a surprising denouement, she becomes a nun. 结局出人意表, 她当修女了.

denounce
[di'nauns; di'nauns] v 1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.a] ~ sb (to sb) (as sth) give information (to the authorities) against sb （向当局）告发某人: * An informer denounced him to the police (as a terrorist). 检举人已向警方告发他（是恐怖分子）. (b) [Tn, Cn.a] ~ sb/sth (as sth) say that sb/sth is wrong, unlawful, etc 谴责; 指责; 斥责: * She strongly denounced the Government's hypocrisy. 她强烈谴责政府虚伪. * Union officials denounced the action as a breach of the agreement. 工会负责人谴责这一行动破坏了协议. 2 [Tn] announce one's withdrawal from (a treaty, etc) 宣布退出（条约等）.

dense
[dens; dens] adj (-r, -st) 1 (a) very heavy in relation to each unit of volume 密度大的: * a dense substance, rock, star 密度大的物质、 岩石、 星星. (b) (of liquids or vapour) not easily seen through （指液体、 水气或烟雾）不易看透的, 浓的: * dense fog/smoke 大雾[浓烟]. 2 (of people and things) crowded together in great numbers （指人和物）稠密的, 密集的: * a dense crowd, forest 密集的人群、 茂密的森林. 3 (infml 口) stupid 愚蠢的: * How can you be so dense? 你怎麽能如此愚蠢?> densely adv: * a densely populated country 人口稠密的国家 * densely wooded, ie covered with trees growing close together 森林茂密的. denseness n [U].

density
[5densEti; 5densEti] n 1 [U] quality of being dense(1b, 2) 浓度; 密度: * the density of a forest, the fog, etc 森林的密度、 雾的浓度. 2 [C, U] (physics 物) relation of mass to volume 密度（质量与体积的关系）.

dent
[dent; dent] n 1 (also dint) hollow place in a hard even surface made by a blow or pressure 凹陷; 凹部; 凹痕: * a dent in the boot of my car 我的汽车行李箱上的凹痕. 2 (idm 习语) (make) a dent in sth (infml 口) (cause) a reduction in sth 减少; 削减; 削弱: * a dent in one's pride 自尊心的挫伤 * The repairs made a dent in our funds, ie cost us a lot. 这次修理用去了我们很多钱. 派生： dent v (a) [Tn] make a dent or dents in (sth) 在（某物）上造成凹痕: The back of the car was badly dented in a collision. 这辆汽车後部在碰撞中造成很大的凹陷. (b) [I] get a dent or dents 出现凹痕: a metal that dents easily 容易出现凹痕的金属.

dental
[5dentl; 5dentl] adj 1 of or for the teeth 牙齿的; 牙科的: * dental care, treatment, etc 牙齿的保护、 治疗等. 2 (phonetics 语音) pronounced with the tip of the tongue near or touching the upper front teeth 齿音的: * dental sounds 齿音, 如 / W/、 /T/. 复合： `dental floss soft thread used for cleaning the gaps between the teeth 洁牙线（用以使牙缝清洁的软线）. ,dental hy`gienist[5dentl hai'dVi:nist; 7dentl hai'dVinist] person who works, usu for a dentist, cleaning and polishing people's teeth 牙科保健员. `dental plate = plate1 9. `dental surgeon dentist 牙科医师.

dentifrice
[5dentifris; 5dentE7fris] n [U] (fml 文) powder or paste used for cleaning the teeth 牙粉; 牙膏.

dentist
[5dentist; 5dentist] n person whose work is filling, cleaning and taking out teeth, and fitting artificial teeth 牙科医生. 派生： dentistry[5dentistri; 5dentistri] n [U] work of a dentist 牙医术.

denture
[5dentFE(r); 5dentFl] n (usu pl 通常作复数) = plate1 9:a set of dentures 一副假牙.

denude
[di'nju:d; - -'nu:d; di'nud] v [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: * Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (of sth) make sth bare; take the covering off sth 使某物裸露; 去掉遮掩; 剥光: * trees denuded of leaves 叶子落尽的秃树 * hillsides denuded of trees 无树的秃山坡. > denudation[7di:nju:'deiFn; - -nu:-; 7dinu'deFEn] n [U].

denunciation
[di7nQnsi'eiFn; di7nQnsi'eFEn] n [C, U](act of) denouncing 谴责; 斥责: * her fierce denunciation(s) of her enemies 她对仇敌的强烈谴责.

deny
[di'nai; di'nai] v (pt, pp denied) 1 [Tn, Tf, Tnt, Tg] say that (sth) is not true 否认, 否定（某事）: * deny a statement, a claim, an accusation, a charge, etc 否认一个说法、 否定某人声称的事、 否认一项指责、 否认一项指控 * deny that sth is true 否定某事属实 * (fml 文) She denied this to be the case. 她不承认情况是这样. * He denied knowing anything about it. 他否认知道此事. * He denied that he was involved. 他否认与己有关. * There is no denying the fact that..., ie Everyone must admit that... 无可否认.... Cf 参看 affirm. 2 [Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) refuse to give sb, or prevent sb from having, (sth asked for or wanted) 拒不给予某人（所求或所需之物）; 阻止某人获得（所求或所需之物）: * He gave to his friends what he denied to his family. 他宁可赠予朋友也不给家里人. * She was angry at being denied the opportunity to see me. 因不准她见我, 她非常生气. * He denies himself nothing. 他对自己极为放纵. 3 [Tn] say that one knows nothing about (sth); refuse to acknowledge; disown 声称对（某事）毫无所知; 拒绝承认; 否认与己有关: * He denied any knowledge of their plans, ie claimed to know nothing about them. 他声称对他们的计划一无所知. * (fml 文) He denied the signature, ie said that it was not his. 他拒不承认这是他的签字.

deodorant
[di:'EudErEnt; di'odErEnt] n [U, C] substance that removes or disguises (esp bodily) odours 除臭剂, 防臭剂（尤指除体臭者）.

deodorize
[di:'EudEraiz; di'odE7raiz] v [Tn] remove (esp bad) smells from (sb/sth) 除去（某人[某物]）的臭味.

dep
abbr 缩写 = 1 depart(s); departed; departing; departure: dep Paris 23.05 hrs 23时05分自巴黎开出. Cf 参看 arr 2. 2 deputy.

depart
[di'pa:t; di'part] v (fml 文) 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (for...) (from...) go away; leave 走开; 离开: * We departed for London at 10 am. 我们上午10点动身去伦敦. * The 10. 15 to Leeds departs from platform 4. 10点15分开往利兹的火车在第4站台上车. 2 (idm 习语) depart (from) this `life (arch or rhet 古或修辞) die 去世; 亡故. 3 (phr v) depart from sth behave in a way that differs from (what is usual or expected) 背离; 违反: * depart from routine, standard practice, old customs, etc 违反常规、 惯例、 旧风俗等 * depart from the truth, ie not be truthful 背离事实.

departed
[di'pa:tid; di'partid] adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] 1 (fml or euph 文或婉) dead 死去的; 故去的: * our departed heroes, eg soldiers who died in battle 我们那些与世长辞的英雄（如阵亡的士兵） * your dear departed brother 你挚爱的已故兄长. 2 (fml 文) past; bygone 过去的; 以往的: * thinking of departed glories 怀念过去的光荣. 派生： the departed n (pl unchanged 复数不变) person who has died 死去的人: pray for the soul(s) of the departed 为死者的灵魂祈祷.

department
[di'pa:tmEnt; di'partmEnt] n 1 (abbr 缩写 Dept) each of several divisions of a government, business, shop, university, etc （政府、 企业、 商店、 大学等的）部, 司, 局, 处, 科, 部门, 系: * the Department of the Environment 环境部 * the Education Department 教育部 * the export sales department 出口销售部 * the men's clothing department 男装部. 2 area of activity or knowledge 活动范围; 知识领域: * Don't ask me about our finances: * that's my wife's department. 我们家的经济情况你别问我, 那是我妻子的事. 3 administrative district, eg in France 行政区, 省（如法国的）. 派生： departmental[7di:pa:t'mentl; di7part'mentl] adj of a department, rather than the whole organization 部门的（非整个组织的）: * a departmental manager, meeting 部门的经理、 会议. 复合： de`partment store large shop where many kinds of goods are sold in different departments 百货公司.

departure
[di'pa:tFE(r); di'partFl] n 1 (a) [U] ~ (from...) departing; going away 离开; 离去: * His departure was quite unexpected. 他这一走很出人意料. * [attrib 作定语] the departure lounge, ie in an airport 候机室. (b) [C] instance of this 离开; 离去: * notices showing arrivals and departures of trains 列车到达和开出时刻的公告. 2 (a) [C, U] ~ from sth action different from (what is usual or expected) 背离; 违反: * a departure from old customs, the standard procedure, etc 同旧习俗、 标准程序等相违. (b) [C] course of action; venture 行动; 大胆行事: * Working on a farm is a new departure for him. 对他来说, 在农场工作是一种新的尝试. 3 (idm 习语) a point of departure => point1.

depend
[di'pend; di'pend] v 1 (idm 习语) that de`pends; it (all) de`pends (used alone, or at the beginning of a sentence 单独使用, 或用於句首) the result will be decided by sth mentioned or implied 那得看情况: * `Can I come?’ `That depends: * there might not be room in the car.’ ‘我能来吗?’‘那要看情况, 汽车里可能没有空座了.’ * It depends how you tackle the problem. 那取决於你如何解决这个问题. 2 (phr v) depend on/upon sb/sth (a) be sure, or confidently expect, that sth will happen 确信; 坚信; 信赖: * I'm depending on you coming. 我肯定你会来的. * You can never depend on his arriving on time. 决不可指望他能准时到达. * (ironic 反语) You can depend on her to be (ie She always is) late. 可以担保她必定迟到. * Depend on it (ie You can be sure): * we won't give up. 可以打包票, 我们决不会放弃. (b) (be able to) believe that sb/sth will be reliable （能）相信某人[某事物]可靠: * You can't depend on the train arriving on time. 千万不要认为这列火车能正点到达. * She's a woman who can be depended on. 她是个可以信赖的人. depend on sb/sth (for sth) (usu not in the continuous tenses 通常不用於进行时态) (a) need sb/sth for a particular purpose （因某目的）需要某人[某事物]: * I haven't got a car, so I have to depend on the buses. 我没有汽车, 所以我得乘公共汽车. * We depend on the radio for news. 我们靠收音机听新闻. (b) get money or other help from sb/sth 从某人[某事物]处得到钱或其他帮助: * This area depends on the mining industry. 这个地区以采矿业为经济基础. * Children depend on their parents for food and clothing. 儿童靠父母供给衣食. depend on sth be decided by sth; follow from sth 视某事物而定; 取决於某事物: * A lot will depend on how she responds to the challenge. 在很大程度上将取决於她对这一难题的反应. * How much is produced depends on how hard we work. 产量的大小在於我们努力的程度.

depend1
派生： dependable adj dependant /// (also esp US -ent)[di'pendEnt; di'pendEnt] n person who depends on others for a home, food, etc 依赖他人生活者; 受扶养者.

dependence
[di'pendEns; di'pendEns] n [U] ~ on/upon sb/sth 1 trust in sb/sth; reliance on sb/sth 信赖; 信任: * my complete dependence on her skill and experience 我对她的技巧和经验的完全信赖. 2 (a) state of having to be supported by others 依赖: * Find a job and end your dependence on your parents. 找个工作, 别再依赖你父母了. (b) state of being affected by or needing sb/sth 依靠; 指望: * the dependence of the crops on the weather 收成靠天 * medical treatment for drug/alcohol dependence 戒除毒瘾[酒瘾]的治疗.

dependency
[di'pendEnsi; di'pendEnsi] n country governed or controlled by another 附属国; 附属地: * The Hawaiian Islands are no longer a dependency of the USA. 夏威夷群岛已不再是美国的属地.

dependent
[di'pendEnt; di'pendEnt] adj 1 ~ (on/upon sb/sth) needing support from sb 需要某人支持的; 依靠的; 依赖的: * a woman with several dependent children 带着几个无法自理的孩子的女人 * be dependent on one's parents, a grant 依靠父母[补助]. 2 [pred 作表语] ~ on/upon sth affected or decided by sth 取决於某事物: * Success is dependent on how hard you work. 成败取决於努力的程度. 3 [pred 作表语] ~ on/upon sth needing sth physically 肉体上需要某物: * be dependent on drugs/alcohol 有毒瘾[酒瘾]. > dependent n (esp US) = dependant. 复合： de,pendent `clause = subordinate clause (subordinate).

depict
[di'pikt; di'pikt] v [Tn, Cn.n/a, Cn.g] (a) show (sb/sth) as a picture; portray 描绘（某人[某事物]）; 描画: * a picture depicting him as a clown 把他画成小丑的画 * The drawing depicts her sitting on a sofa. 这幅画画的是她坐在沙发上的姿势. (b) describe (sth) in words 描述, 描写（某事物）: * Her novel depicts life in modern London (as an ordeal). 她的小说描写的是伦敦现代的生活（苦不堪言）. > depiction/di'pikFn; di'pikFEn] n [U, C].

depilatory
[di'pilEtri; - -tC:ri; di'pilE7tCri] n, adj (liquid, cream, etc) used for removing excess hair 用以脱毛的（液、 膏、 霜、 油等）; 脱毛的; 脱毛剂.

deplane
[7di:'plein; di'plen] v [I, Tn] (cause sb to) leave an aircraft （使某人）下飞机: * The troops (were) deplaned an hour later. 部队一个小时後下了飞机.

deplete
[di'pli:t; di'plit] v [Tn, Tn.pr] reduce greatly the quantity, size, power or value of (sth) 大量削减（某物）的数量、 能力或价值; 消耗: * Our stock of food is greatly depleted. 我们的食物储备已消耗殆尽. * This expense has depleted our funds. 这笔花费已使我们的资金所剩无几. * a lake depleted of fish, ie with many of the fish gone 几乎无鱼的湖. 派生： depletion/di'pli:Fn; di'pliFEn] n [U] depleting or being depleted 削减; 消耗.

deplore
[di'plC:(r); di'plCr] v [Tn] (a) be shocked or offended by (sth); condemn 被（某事物）震惊或触犯; 谴责: * She deplored his scandalous actions. 她谴责他那令人愤慨的行为. (b) feel sorrow or regret about (sth) 对（某事物）感到悲伤或悔恨. 派生： deplorable/di'plC:rEbl; di'plCrEbl] adj that is, or should be, condemned （应）受谴责的: * a deplorable attitude, speech 应受谴责的态度、 讲话 * The acting was deplorable! 这种演技糟透了! deplorably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv.

deploy
[di'plCi; di'plCi] v (a) [I, Tn] (cause troops, etc to) move into the correct position for battle （使部队等）进入战斗位置; 调度, 部署（军队等）: * The infantry began to deploy at dawn. 步兵黎明时开始进入战斗位置. * Artillery was deployed in the west. 炮兵部署在西边. (b) [Tn] use (sth) effectively 有效地使用（某物）: * deploy one's arguments, resources, etc 有效地利用论据、 资源等. > deployment n [U].

deponent
[di'pEunEnt; di'ponEnt] n (law 律) person who makes a written statement for use in a lawcourt （给法庭提供书面证词的）证人.

depopulate
[7di:'pCpjuleit; di'papjE7let] v [Tn] reduce the number of people living in (a city, state, etc) 减少（某城市、 州等）的人口: * a country depopulated by war, famine, disease, etc 因战争、 饥荒、 疾病等而人口下降的国家. > depopulation[7di:pCpju'leiFn; 7dipapjE'le-FEn] n [U].

deport
[di'pC:t; di'pCrt] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from...) legally force (a foreigner, criminal, etc) to leave a country 将（外国人、 罪犯等）驱逐出境: * He was convicted of drug offences and deported. 他被判犯有毒品罪而遭驱逐出境. 派生： deportation[7di:pC:'teiFn; 7dipCr'teFEn] n [C, U] (instance of) deporting or being deported 驱逐出境: * Years ago convicted criminals in England could face deportation to Australia. 很多年以前, 英国已定罪的犯人可能被驱逐到澳大利亚. deportee[7di:pC:'ti:; 7dipCr'ti] n person who is or has been deported 被驱逐出境的人.

deportment
[di'pC:tmEnt; di'pCrtmEnt] n [U] (fml 文) (a) (Brit) way of standing and walking; bearing 举止; 风度; 仪态: * Young ladies used to have lessons in deportment. 少女以前要上仪态课. (b) (US) behaviour 行为; 举止.

depose
[di'pEuz; di'poz] v 1 [Tn] remove (esp a ruler such as a king) from power 罢免, 革除, 废黜（尤指统治者, 如国王）. 2 [Ipr, Tf] ~ to doing sth (law 律) give (usu written) evidence, esp on oath in a lawcourt （通常以书面）证明, 作证（尤指在法庭宣誓）: * depose to having seen sth 宣誓证明曾目睹某事物 * depose that one saw sth 宣誓证明亲眼见到某事物. Cf 参看 deposition.

deposit
1[di'pCzit; di'pazit] v [Tn, Tn.pr] 1 (a) put (money) into a bank, esp to earn interest, etc 将（钱）存入银行: * The cheque was only deposited yesterday, so it hasn't been cleared yet. 这张支票昨天才存入银行, 所以尚未兑现. (b) ~ sth (with sb) give (sth valuable or important) to sb to be kept in a safe place 将（有价值的或重要之物）交与某人保管: * deposit papers with one's lawyer 将文件交与律师保管. 2 (a) pay (sth) as part of a larger sum, the rest of which is to be paid later 付（定金）: * I had to deposit 10% of the price of the house. 我必须先付房价的10%作定钱. (b) pay (a sum) as a guarantee in case one damages or loses sth one is renting 付（押金）: * You must deposit 500 as well as the first month's rent. 你必须付500英镑押金及第一个月的租赁费. 3 ~ sth (on sth) (fml 文) (a) lay or put sth down 放下某物: * He deposited the books on the desk. 他把书放在办公桌上了. * Some insects deposit their eggs on the ground. 有些昆虫把卵产在地上. (b) (esp of liquids or a river) cause (mud, silt, etc) to settle （尤指液体、 河流）使（淤泥等）沉积: * The Nile floods the fields and deposits mud on them. 尼罗河泛滥, 在田野上淤积一层泥.

deposition
[7depE'ziFn; 7depE'ziFEn] n 1 [U] removing (a ruler such as a king) from power; dethronement （对国王等统治者的）废黜, 罢免. 2 [U, C] (law 律) (action of making a) statement on oath 宣誓作证; （经宣誓的）证词: * The accused has made a deposition. 被告已宣誓作证. Cf 参看 depose.

depositor
[di'pCzitE(r); di'pazitl] n person who deposits (eg money in a bank) 存放者（如在银行存钱）; 存户; 储户.

depository
[di'pCzitEri; di'pazE7tCri] n place where things, eg furniture, are stored; storehouse 储藏室; 仓库.

depot
[5depEu; 5depo] n (1) (a) storehouse, esp for military supplies; warehouse 仓库; （尤指）军需库; 栈房. (b) place where vehicles, eg buses, are kept 车库（如公共汽车的）. (2) (US) railway or bus station 火车站; 公共汽车站.

deprave
[di'preiv; di'prev] v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (fml 文) make (sb) morally bad; corrupt 使（某人）道德败坏; 使堕落; 使腐化: * a man depraved by bad company 被坏朋友带坏的人. 派生： depravation[7deprE'veiFn; 7deprE'veFEn] n [U] . depraved/di'preivd; di'prevd] adj morally bad; corrupt 道德败坏的; 堕落的; 腐化的: * depraved thoughts, morals, companions 堕落的思想、 道德、 伙伴 * He was totally depraved. 他彻底堕落了.

depravity
[di'prAvEti; di'prAvEti] n 1 [U] state of being depraved; corruption 堕落; 腐化: * a life of depravity 腐化的生活 * sunk in depravity 堕落. 2 [C] depraved act 堕落的行为: * the depravities of a corrupt ruler 腐败的统治者的堕落行为.

deprecate
[5deprEkeit; 5deprE7ket] v (fml 文) (a) [Tn, Tw, Tg, Tsg] feel and express disapproval of (sth) 对（某事物）表示不赞成; 反对: * Hasty action is to be deprecated. 切不可草率行事. * He deprecates (her) changing the party's policy. 他不赞成（她）改变党的方针. (b) [Tn, Tw] feel embarrassed or displeased by (sb's flattery, etc) 因（某人的奉承等）觉得难为情或不自在: * deprecate sb's compliments, condescending charm 对某人的奉承话、 屈尊俯就的态度觉得不自在. 派生： deprecating adj: a deprecating smile 不以为然的微笑. deprecatingly adv. deprecatory[7depri-'keitEri; - -tC:ri; 5deprEkE7tCri] adj: * a deprecatory remark, view, etc 表示不悦的言语、 观点等.

depreciate
[di'pri:Fieit; di'priFi7et] v 1 [I] become less valuable 贬值: * Shares in the company have depreciated. 该公司的股票已经贬值. 2 [Tn] state that (sth) is not valuable, important, etc; disparage 贬低; 轻视: * Don't depreciate my efforts to help/what I have done. 不要轻视我为帮忙所付出的努力[我已做的事]. > depreciation/di7pri:Fi'eiFn; di7priFi'eFEn] n [C, U]: * suffer a sharp depreciation 遭受巨大贬值损失. depreciatory/di'pri:FEtEri; - -tC:ri; di'priFE7tCri] adj: * depreciatory remarks about a great achievement 对一巨大成就的轻蔑言论.

depredation
[7deprE'deiFn; 7deprE'deFEn] n [pl] (fml 文) damage caused by an attack, accident, etc （由攻击、 事故等造成的）损坏, 破坏: * The town survived the depredations of marauding gangs. 这个城镇经受住了打家劫舍的匪徒造成的破坏. * the depredations of the storm 暴风雨的蹂躏.

depress
[di'pres; di'pres] v [Tn] 1 make (sb) sad and without enthusiasm 使（某人）忧愁, 消沉, 沮丧: * Wet weather always depresses me. 我在阴雨天总是心灰意懒. 2 press, push or pull (sth) down 将（某物）压下, 推下, 拉下: * depress a lever, a piano key, a button, etc 压 、 按钢琴键、 按钮. 3 make (esp trade) less active 使（尤指贸易）不活跃, 不景气, 萧条: * depress a market 使市场萧条 * depress sales 使销售额下降 * A rise in oil prices depresses the car market. 油价上涨导致汽车市场不景气. 派生： depressant[-Ent; -nt] n, adj (substance) that reduces mental or physical activity 抑制（脑力或体力活动）的（药物）: * a depressant drug 抑制药. depressed adj sad and without enthusiasm 忧愁的; 消沉的; 沮丧的: depressed about the election results 因选举结果而垂头丧气. depressing adj making one feel depressed 令人忧愁的; 使人沮丧的: a depressing sight, prospect, film 令人沮丧的景象、 前景、 影片. depressingly adv: The crime rate is depressingly high. 犯罪率太高, 令人忧心忡忡. 复合： ,depressed `area part of a country where there is little economic activity (resulting in poverty and unemployment) （一国的）经济萧条地区.

depression
[di'preFn; di'preFEn] n 1 [U] being depressed; low spirits 忧愁; 沮丧; 消沉: * He committed suicide during a fit of depression. 他一时想不开, 自杀了. 2 [C] hollow sunken place in the surface of sth, esp the ground; dip 凹陷处; （尤指）洼地, 坑: * depressions on the face of the moon 月球表面的凹陷处 * The soldiers hid from the enemy in a slight depression. 士兵们隐藏在低洼处, 躲过了敌人. 3 [C] period when there is little economic activity, and usu poverty and unemployment 经济萧条期. 4 [C] (a) (winds caused by a) lowering of atmospheric pressure 气压降低（形成的气流）. (b) area where this happens 低气压区: * a depression over Iceland 冰岛上空的低气压区. Cf 参看 anticyclone.

depressive
[di'presiv; di'presiv] adj 1 tending to depress; of depression 忧愁的; 压抑的; 沮丧的; 抑郁的: * a depressive drug, illness 易产生抑郁的药物、 疾病. 2 intended to reduce trading activity 为减少贸易活动的: * a depressive financial policy 为抑制贸易活动而采取的金融方针. 派生： depressive n person who often suffers from depression(1) 经常忧愁、 沮丧、 消沉的人.

depressurize, depressurise
[7di:'preFEraiz; di'preFE7raiz] v [Tn] reduce the pressure of air or gas in (a vessel, cabin, etc) 减低, 降低（容器、 舱室等）的气压. > depressurization, -isation n [U].

deprive
[di'praiv; di'praiv] v [Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth of sth take sth away from sb/sth; prevent sb/sth from enjoying or using sth 剥夺某人[某事物]的某事物; 阻止某人[某事物]享有或使用某事物: * deprived of one's civil rights 剥夺某人的公民权 * trees that deprive a house of light 遮住房中光线的树 * (joc 谑) Are you depriving us of your company (ie leaving us)? 你要舍我们而去吗? 派生： deprivation[7depri5veiFn; 7depri5veFEn] n 1 [U] (a) depriving or being deprived 剥夺: * suffer deprivation of one's rights as a citizen 公民权遭到剥夺. (b) state of not having the normal benefits of adequate food, etc; poverty 贫乏; 穷困: * widespread deprivation caused by unemployment 由失业造成的普遍贫困现象. 2 [C] thing of which one is deprived 被剥夺的事物; 丧失的事物: * Missing the holiday was a great deprivation. 错过假日是极大的损失. deprived adj without the normal benefits of adequate food, housing, health care, etc 贫困的; 穷苦的: a deprived childhood, background, area 贫苦的童年、 出身、 地区 * The poorest and most deprived people will receive special government help. 最穷的、 生活条件最差的人可得到政府的特别援助.

Dept
abbr 缩写 = Department(1): Linguistics Dept, eg of a university 语言学系（如大学的）.

depth
[depW; depW] n 1 [C, U] (a) distance from the top down 深, 深度（从上至下的距离）: * the depth of the well, mine, box, trunk 井、 矿井、 盒、 行李箱的深度 * Water was found at a depth of 30 ft. 在30英尺深处找到了水. * At what depth does the wreck lie? 沉船位置的深度是多少? =>illus at dimension 见dimension之插图. (b) distance from the front to the back 宽, 宽度（从前至後的距离）: * shelves with a depth of 8 ins 8英寸宽的搁板. (c) distance from the surface inwards 深, 深度（从表面向内部的距离）: * the depth of a wound, crack, etc 伤口、 裂缝等的深度. 2 [C, U] (a) (of colours, darkness, etc) intensity （指颜色、 黑暗等）浓度, 强度. (b) (of sounds) lowness in pitch （指声音）低沉. 3 [U] (a) (of feelings, etc) sincerity; intensity （指感情等）诚挚, 真诚, 强烈: * the depth of her love 她爱情的真挚. (b) ability to understand or explain difficult ideas 领悟或解释深奥意念的能力: * a writer of great depth and wisdom 极具领悟力和智慧的作家. (c) having or showing this ability 上述能力的体现: * a novel that lacks depth 缺乏深度的小说. 4 (idm 习语) ,in `depth thoroughly 完全地; 彻底地; 深入地: * to study a subject in depth 深入研究一科目 * [attrib 作定语] an ,in-depth `study 深入的研究. in the ~(s) of sth when or where sth is deepest, most severe, etc 在最深处; 在最严峻的时刻: * in the depth of winter 在隆冬 * in the depths of despair 在绝望的深渊 * in the depth of the country, ie a long way from a town 在偏远的乡村. (be/get) out of one's depth (a) (be/go) in water too deep to stand in 在深得不能站立的水中: * If you can't swim, don't get out of your depth. 不会游泳就不要到水深没顶的地方去. (b) (be/become) unable to understand a subject or topic 不能理解: * When they start talking about economics, I'm out of my depth. 他们一谈起经济学, 我就一窍不通了. plumb the depths of sth => plumb.

depth1
复合： `depth charge bomb used against submarines that explodes under water 深水炸弹. Cf 参看 mine2 2.

deputation
[7depju'teiFn; 7depjE'teFEn] n [CGp] group of people given the right to act or speak for others 代表团.

depute
[di'pju:t; di'pjut] v (fml 文) 1 [Dn.pr] ~ sth to sb give (one's work, authority, etc) to sb else 将（工作、 职权等）交予某人: * He deputed the running of the department to an assistant. 他把部门的管理工作委托给助手了. 2 [Dn.t] give (sb else) authority to act or speak on one's behalf 给予（某人）代表行事或发言之权: * They were deputed to put our views to the assembly. 他们代表我们向议会表达我们的观点.

deputize, deputise
[5depjutaiz; 5depjE7taiz] v [I, Ipr] ~ (for sb) act or speak on sb's behalf 代表某人行事或说话: * Dr Mitchell's ill so I'm deputizing (for her). 米切尔博士病了, 所以我做代理（她的）工作.

deputy
[5depjuti; 5depjEti] n 1 person who is given work, authority, etc (eg during sb's absence) 代理人; 代表: * I'm acting as deputy till the headmaster returns. 我在校长回来前代行他的职务. 2 person who is immediately below the head of a business, school, etc （企业、 学校等领导人的）副手: * the Director General and his deputy 董事长及其副手 * [attrib 作定语] the deputy headmistress 女副校长. 3 (in some countries, eg France) member of a legislative assembly （某些国家中, 如法国的）议员.

derail
[di'reil; di'rel] v [Tn] cause (a train, etc) to go off the rails 使（火车等）脱轨: * The engine was derailed by a tree lying across the line. 有一棵树横在铁轨上, 造成机车出轨. > derailment n.

deranged
[di'reindVd; di'rendVd] adj unable to act and think normally, esp because of mental illness; seriously disturbed 精神错乱的; （尤指）有精神病的; 精神失常的: * She's completely deranged. 她完全精神错乱了. * a deranged attacker, mind, laugh 疯狂的攻击者、 失常的心态、 狂笑. derangement n [U].

derby
1[5da:bi; - 'dE:rbi; 5dEbi] n 1 the Derby [sing] annual horse race at Epsom, England 德比马赛（英国埃普瑟姆一年一度的马赛）. 2 [C] (US) any of several annual horse races （每年举行的任何的）马赛. 3 [C] any important sporting contest （任何重要的）运动比赛: * a local derby, ie between local teams 本地的运动比赛. 复合： `Derby Day day when the Derby is run (in June) （英国埃普瑟姆一年一度的）马赛日（在六月份）.

deregulate
[7di:'regjuleit; di'regjE7let] v [Tn] remove the regulations from (sth) 撤销对（某事物）的规定、 管制: * deregulate the price of oil 撤销对石油价格的管制. > deregulation n [U].

derelict
[5derElikt; 5derE7likt] adj deserted and allowed to fall into ruins; dilapidated 弃置的; 破旧的; 坍塌的: * a derelict house 弃置的房屋 * derelict areas 离弃的地区. 派生： dereliction[7derE'likFn; 7derE'likFEn] n 1 [U] being derelict 遗弃; 弃置: * a house in a state of dereliction 弃置的房屋. 2 (idm 习语) ,dereliction of `duty (fml 文) (deliberate) failure to do what one ought to do 失职: * be guilty of a serious dereliction of duty 犯严重失职罪.

derestrict
[7di:ri5strikt; 7diri5strikt] v [Tn] remove a restriction, esp a speed limit, from (sth) 取消对（某事 物）的限制（尤指车速）: * derestrict a road 取消对一公路的速度限制.

deride
[di'raid; di'raid] v [Tn, Cn.n/a] ~ sb/sth (as sth) treat sb/sth as funny and not worthy of serious attention; mock sb/sth 嘲笑; 嘲弄: * They derided his efforts (as childish). 他们嘲笑他的做法（很幼稚）.

derision
[di'riVn; di'riVEn] n [U] ridicule or mockery 嘲笑; 嘲弄; 笑柄: * be an object of general derision, ie be derided by everybody 是大家嘲弄的对象 * Her naive attitude provoked their derision. 她那天真的态度受到他们嘲笑.

derisive
[di'raisiv; di'raisiv] adj showing ridicule or mockery 嘲笑的; 嘲弄的: * derisive laughter, booing, etc 嘲弄的笑声、 嘘声等. > derisively adv.

derisory
[di'raisEri; di'raisEri] adj 1 so small or unimportant that it is not worth considering seriously 不值一哂的: * a derisory offer, eg 100 for a car that is worth 1000 低得可笑的出价（如对价值1000英镑的汽车, 出价100英镑）. 2 = derisive.

derivation
[7deri5veiFn; 7derE'veFEn] n 1 [U] development or origin (esp of words) 发展; 起源; （尤指词语的）派生: * the derivation of words from Latin 词语自拉丁文的派生 * a word of French derivation 由法语派生的词. 2 [C] (a) first form and meaning of a word 词源. (b) later change of form and meaning 派生的词形和词义: * give the derivations of words 指出词语的派生词形和词义.

derivative
[di'rivEtiv; dE'rivEtiv] adj (usu derog 通常作贬义) derived from sth else; not original 由他事物演变的; 非独创的: * a derivative design, style, etc 蹈袭前人的设计、 式样等. 派生： derivative n derived word or thing 派生词; 衍生物: `Assertion' is a derivative of `assert'. assertion是assert的派生词.

derive
[di'raiv; dE'raiv] v 1 [Tn.pr] ~ sth from sth (fml 文) obtain sth from sth; get sth from sth 得到; 获取: * derive great pleasure from one's studies 从学习中获得极大乐趣 * She derived no benefit from the course of drugs. 她用药经此疗程後并无好转. 2 (a) [Ipr] ~ from sth have sth as a starting-point, source or origin; originate from sth 源自; 源於: * Thousands of English words derive from Latin. 英语中有成千上万的词源自拉丁文. (b) [Tn.pr] ~ sth from sth trace sth from (a source) 对某事物追本穷源: * We can derive the word `derelict' from the Latin `derelictus'. derelict这一词的起源可以追溯到拉丁文的derelictus.

derm(a)-
comb form 构词成分 of skin 皮肤的: dermatology * dermatitis.

dermatitis
[7dE:mE'taitis; 7dEmE'taitis] n [U] (medical 医) inflammation of the skin 皮炎.

dermatology
[7dE:mE'tClEdVi; 7dEmE'talEdVi] n [U] medical study of the skin and its diseases, etc 皮肤学; 皮肤病学. 派生： dermatologist[7dE:mE'tClEdVist; 7dEmE'talEdVist] n expert in dermatology 皮肤学专家; 皮肤病专家.

dermis
[5dE:mis; 5dEmis] n (anatomy 解) layer of skin below the epidermis 真皮（表皮下面的皮层）.

derogate
[5derEgeit; 5derE7get] v [Ipr] ~ from sth (fml 文) cause sth to seem inferior; detract from sth 贬低; 减损; 毁损: * remarks derogating from her merits, qualities, virtues, etc 贬低她的优点、 品质、 美德等的言语.

derogatory
[di'rCgEtri; - -tC:ri; di'ragE7tCri] adj (abbr derog in this dictionary 本词典缩写作derog) showing a hostile or critical attitude (to sb's reputation, etc); insulting 贬低的; 毁损的; 贬抑的; 侮辱的: * The word `pig' is a derogatory term for policeman. pig是个侮辱警察的词. * remarks that were highly derogatory 极伤人的言语.

derrick
[5derik; 5derik] n 1 large crane for moving or lifting heavy weights, esp on a ship 转臂起重机; （尤指轮船上的）桅杆起重机. 2 framework over an oil well or borehole, to hold the drilling machinery, etc 井架; 钻塔. Cf 参看 oil rig (oil).

derring
do

derv
[dE:v; dEv] n [U] (Brit) fuel oil for diesel engines (from diesel-engined road vehicle) 柴油机燃油（由diesel-engined road vehicle四词的首字母组成）.

dervish
[5dE:viF; 5dEviF] n member of a Muslim religious order （伊斯兰教的）托 僧: * dancing dervishes, ie those who take part in whirling dances 跳旋转舞蹈的托 僧.

DES
[7di: i: 'es; 7di i 'es] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Department of Education and Science 教育暨科学部: * DES grants 教育暨科学部拨款.

desalinate
[7di:'sAlineit; di'sAlE7net] v [Tn] remove salt from (esp sea-water) 从（尤指海水）中除去盐分; 使脱盐. > desalination[7di:7sli'neiFn; 7disAlE'neFEn] n [U].

descale
[7di:'skeil; di'skel] v [Tn] remove scale1(3) from (eg the inside of boilers and kettles) 从（如锅炉和水壶的内壁）上除去水瞏, 水锈.

descant
[5deskAnt; 5deskAnt] n (music 音) treble accompaniment (often improvised) which is sung or played to a melody 高音部伴奏或伴唱（常为即兴的）. 派生： descant v/di'sknt; di'skAnt] [Ipr] ~ on/upon sth 1 (music 音) sing or play a descant on sth 为某乐曲作高音伴奏或伴唱. 2 (fml 文) talk for a long time about sth; comment on sth 长时间谈论某事; 评论某物: * descant endlessly on the Government's failings 无尽无休地谈论政府的过失.

descend
[di'send; di'send] v 1 (fml 文) (a) [I, Tn] come or go down (sth) 下来; 下去; 下降: * The balloon descended gradually as the air came out. 气球空气外逸而缓缓下降. * She descended the stairs. 她走下楼梯. (b) [I] (of a hill, etc) lead downwards; slope （指山等）下倾, 下斜: * We turned the corner and saw that the road descended steeply. 我们转过弯, 看到路陡然下倾. 2 [Ipr] ~ from sb (of properties, qualities, rights) pass from father to son; be inherited by sb from sb （指财产、 气质、 权利）由父传子, 从某人处继承, 传下, 遗传: * The title descends to me from my father. 这个头衔是由我父亲传给我的. 3 [I] (fml 文) (of night, darkness) fall （指夜、 黑暗）降临: * Night descends quickly in the tropics. 热带地区黑夜来得很快. 4 (idm 习语) be descended from sb have sb as an ancestor 为某人的後裔: * She claims to be descended from royalty. 她声称她是皇室後裔. 5 (phr v) descend on/upon sb/sth (a) attack sb/sth suddenly 袭击某人[某物]: * The police descended on their hide-out. 警察突袭了他们的藏身处. (b) visit sb/sth unexpectedly or inconveniently 出乎意料地或不合时宜地去见某人[来到某处]: * My sister's family is descending on us this weekend. 想不到我姐姐一家本周末要到我们这里来. descend to sth (no passive 不用於被动语态) do or say sth that is mean and unworthy of one; stoop to sth 做或说卑鄙无耻的事; 降低身分或人格做某事: * descend to fraud, abuse, bad language 堕落到去欺诈、 辱骂、 使用下流语言. 派生： descendant[-Ent; -Ent] n person descended from another 後代; 後裔: * the descendants of Queen Victoria 维多利亚女王的後裔. Cf 参看 ancestor 1.

descent
[di'sent; di'sent] n 1 (a) [C usu sing 通常作单数] coming or going down 下来; 下去: * The plane began its descent into Paris. 飞机到巴黎开始降落. (b) [C] slope 斜坡: * Here there is a gradual descent to the sea. 这里有个通向海的缓坡. 2 [U] origins; ancestry 出身; 血统; 祖先; 祖籍: * of French descent, ie having French ancestors 祖籍法国 * He traces his descent from the Stuart kings. 他的祖先可追溯至斯图亚特国王. 3 [C] ~(on/upon sb/sth) (fig 比喻) (a) attack 攻击; 袭击: * the invaders' descent on the town 入侵者对该城的攻击. (b) unexpected or inconvenient visit 出乎意料的或不合时宜的到访: * a sudden descent by tax officials 税务官员之突然到来. 4 [sing] change to behaviour that is low and unworthy 堕落: * a sharp descent to violent abuse 突然粗俗得破口大骂.

describe
[di'skraib; di'skraib] v 1 [Tn, Tw, Cn.n/a, Dn.pr, Dpr.w] ~ sb/sth (to/for sb); ~ sb/sth as sth say what sb/sth is like; depict sth in words 描述某人[某事物]; 叙述某事物; 形容: * Words cannot describe the beauty of the scene. 那景色之美难以言传. * Describe (to me) how you were received. （跟我）说说接待你的情况. * She described it as red with pink frills. 她将之描述为红色的带有粉红色饰边. 2 [Cn.n/a] ~ sb/sth as sth state sb/sth to be sth; call 叫做; 称做: * I hesitate to describe him as really clever. 我很难说他真聪明. * He describes himself as a doctor. 他自称是医生. 3 [Tn] (a) draw (esp a geometrical figure) 画（尤指几何图形）: * describe a circle with a pair of compasses 用圆规画圆. (b) move along (a line, curve, etc) 沿（直线、 曲线等）移动: * A bullet describes a curved path in the air. 子弹在空中作曲线运动.

description
[di'skripFn; di'skripFEn] n 1 (a) [U] saying in words what sb/sth is like 对某人[某事物]的描述、 叙述、 形容: * He's not very good at description. 他不大擅长描写叙述. * The scenery was beautiful beyond description. 那风景美丽得难以形容. (b) [C] picture in words 描绘: * Can you give me a description of the thief? 你能给我形容一下那个窃贼的模样吗? 2 (preceded by of and an adj or some, every, etc 用於of和形容词或some、 every等之後) (infml 口) type; sort 类型; 种类: * boats of every description 各种类型的船 * a house of some description 某种类型的房子 * wearing a dress of no particular description, ie a very ordinary dress 穿着很普通的连衣裙 * medals, coins and things of that description 那一类的纪念章、 硬币、 东西. 3 (idm 习语) answer to a description => answer2. beggar description => beggar.

descriptive
[di'skriptiv; di'skriptiv] adj 1 (a) giving a picture in words 描述的; 描写的: * a descriptive passage in a novel 小说中的一段描写. (b) describing sth with skill 精於描述的: * a very descriptive account of a journey 对旅程十分生动的叙述 * The report was so descriptive, I felt as if I were there. 这报道写得活色生香, 我也宛如身临其境. 2 (grammar) describing how language is actually used, without giving rules for how it ought to be used 描写语言的（描述语言的使用实况而不规定使用规则的）. > descriptively adv. descriptiveness n [U].

descry
[di'skrai; di'skrai] v (pt, pp descried) [Tn] (fml 文) see (sth) esp a long way away; catch sight of 看见（某物）（尤指从远处）; 望见: * I descry a sail on the horizon. 我看见在天水交接处的轮船.

desecrate
[5desikreit; 5desi7kret] n [Tn] treat (a sacred thing or place) in an unworthy or evil way 亵渎（圣物或圣地）: * desecrate a grave, chapel, monument, etc 亵渎坟墓、 小教堂、 纪念碑等. 派生： desecration[7desi'kreiFn; 7desi'kreFEn] n [U] desecrating or being desecrated 亵渎.

desegregate
[7di:'segrigeit; di'segriget] v [Tn] end racial segregation in (sth) 废除（某事物）的种族隔离: * desegregate schools, buses 废除学校里、 公共汽车里的种族隔离. > desegregation[7di:7segri5geiFn; di7segri5geFEn] n [U].

deselect
[7di:si'lekt; 7disE'lekt] v [Tn] (Brit) (of a local constituency party) reject (the existing Member of Parliament) as a candidate at a forthcoming election （指地方选区政党）否决（现任议员）作下届候选人.> deselection n [U].

desensitize, desensitise
[7di:'sensitaiz; di'sensE7taiz] v [Tn] make (a patient, nerve, etc) insensitive or less sensitive to light, pain, etc 使（病人、 神经等）对光、 疼痛等无感觉或不敏感; 使脱敏: * desensitize an area of skin 使一块皮肤脱敏 * (fig 比喻) people who are morally desensitized 道德观念不强的人. > desensitization, -isation[7di:7sensitai'zeiFn; - -tE'z-; 7disensEtE'zeFEn] n [U].

desert
1[di'zE:t; di'zEt] v 1 [Tn] (a) go away from (a place) without intending ever to return 离弃（一地方）; 放弃; 遗弃: * desert a house, city, etc 离弃一所房屋、 一座城市等 * The village had been hurriedly deserted, perhaps because terrorists were in the area. 全村人都匆匆逃走了, 或许因为该地区有恐怖分子. (b) leave (sb) without help or support; abandon 离弃（某人）; 抛弃: * He deserted his wife and children and went abroad. 他抛弃了妻子儿女, 出国去了. * He has become so rude that his friends are deserting him. 他变得十分粗野, 朋友们都不和他来往了. 2 [I, Ipr, Tn] leave (esp service in the armed forces, or a ship) without authority or permission; run away 擅自离开（尤指军中或船上的职守）; 逃跑; 潜逃: * A soldier who deserts (his post) in time of war is punished severely. 战争期间开小差的士兵要受到严惩. * desert from the army 开小差. 3 [Tn] fail (sb) when needed 在关键时使（某人）失望: * His courage/presence of mind deserted him. 他丧失了勇气[再不能镇定自若]. 派生： deserted adj (a) with no one present 无人的: a deserted street, area, etc 空无一人的街道、 地区等 * The office was quite deserted. 这个办公室里没有人. (b) abandoned 被离弃的; 被遗弃的; 被抛弃的: a deserted hut, house, etc 被离弃的小屋、 房子等 * a deserted wife, ie one whose husband has left her 遭遗弃的妻子. deserter n person who deserts (desert1 2) 擅离职守者; 开小差者; 潜逃者. desertion/di'zE:Fn; di'zEFEn] n [C, U] (instance of) deserting or being deserted 离弃; 遗弃; 抛弃; 开小差: * Is desertion grounds for divorce? 被配偶遗弃是离婚的理由吗? * Desertion from the army is punishable by death. 开小差可处死刑.

deserve
[di'zE:v; di'zEv] v (not used in the continuous tenses 不用於进行时态) 1 [Tn, Tt] be sth or have done sth for which one should receive (a reward, special treatment, etc); be entitled to; merit 应受（奖赏、 特殊待遇等）; 应得; 值得: * The article deserves careful study. 这篇文章值得仔细研究. * She deserves a reward for her efforts. 她积极努力, 应得到奖赏. * He richly deserved all that happened to him. 他得到这一切确是受之无愧. * They deserve to be sent to prison. 他们应该入狱. * much deserved praise 受之无愧的赞扬. 2 (idm 习语) deserve well/ill of sb (fml 文) be worthy of good/bad treatment by sb 应该受到某人好的[坏的]待遇: * She deserves well of her employers. 她应当受到雇主善待. one good turn deserves another => turn2. 派生： deservedly/di'zE:vidli; di'zEvidli] adv according to what is deserved; justly; rightly 应得地; 理所当然地; 恰如其分地: * She was deservedly praised. 她受到了应得的表扬.

deserving
[di'zE:viN; di'zEviN] adj ~ (of sth) worthy of help, praise, a reward, etc （帮助、 赞扬、 奖励等）应得的, 值得的: * give money to a deserving cause 把钱捐给值得赞助的事业 * be deserving of sympathy 值得同情的 * a very deserving case, eg sb who used to be generous and now needs help 很值得帮助的人.

deshabille
[7deizA'bi:ei; 7dezE'bil] n [U] (French 法) state of being only partly dressed 衣着仅部分遮体: * appear in deshabille 出现时衣着随便.

desiccant
[5desikEnt; 5desEkEnt] n substance that absorbs moisture, and is often used to keep food in good condition 乾燥剂.

desiccate
[5desikeit; 5desE7ket] v [Tn] remove all the moisture from (esp solid food) to preserve it 除去（尤指食物的）水分; 使脱水: * desiccated fruit/coconut 水果[椰子]乾.

desideratum
[di7zidE'ra:tEm; di7zidE'ratEm] n (pl -rata[-'ra:tE; -'ratE] ) (fml 文) thing that is lacking and needed 需要的东西: * The report on the hospital mentions such desiderata as a supply of clean laundry. 报告中提到该医院需要乾净的洗换物品.

design
[di'zain; di'zain] n 1 (a) [C] ~ (for sth) drawing or outline from which sth may be made 图样; 设计图: * designs for a dress, a garden, an aircraft 连衣裙、 花园、 飞机的设计图. (b) [U] art of making such drawings, etc 设计术; 制图术: * study textile design 学习纺织品设计术 * industrial design 工业设计. 2 [U] general arrangement or planning (of a building, book, machine, picture, etc) （建 物、 书、 机器、 画等的）设计, 布局: * The building seats 2000 people, but is of poor design. 这座建 物可容纳2000人, 但设计很差. * A machine of faulty design will not sell well. 设计不良的机器销路不会好. 3 [C] arrangement of lines, shapes or figures as decoration on a carpet, vase, etc; pattern （地毯、 花瓶等上的）装饰图案; 图案: * a bowl with a flower design 有花卉图案的碗. 4 [U, C] purpose; intention 目的; 打算; 意向: * We don't know if it was done by accident or by design, ie deliberately. 我们不知道那是偶然的还是故意的. * His evil designs were frustrated. 他的罪恶企图未能得逞. 5 (idm 习语) have designs on sb/sth intend to harm sb/sth or take sb/sth for oneself 企图伤害某人[某事物]; 企图将某人[某事物]据为己有: * She has designs on his money. 她觊觎他的钱财. * He has designs on her, eg wants to seduce her. 他对她存心不良（如想诱奸她）. 派生： design v 1 (a) [I, Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (for sb/sth) decide how sth will look, work, etc, esp by making plans, drawings or models of it 设计; 制图: Do the Italians really design better than we do? 意大利人真比我们会设计吗? * design a car, a dress, a tool, an office 设计汽车、 连衣裙、 工具、 办公室 * They've designed us a superb studio. 他们给我们设计了一个极好的工作室. * We design kitchens for today's cooks. 我们为当今一代的厨师设计厨房. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] think of and plan (a system, procedure, etc); devise 想出, 计划（一系统、 步骤等）; 谋划: Can anyone design a better timetable? 有人能定出更好的时间表吗?

design1
* We shall have to design a new curriculum for the third year. 我们得设计出叁年级的新课程. 2 (idm 习语) be designed for sb/sth; be designed as sth; be designed to do sth be made or planned for a particular purpose or use 为某目的或用途而制造或计划: The gloves were designed for extremely cold climates. 这些手套是为严寒地区制造的. * This course is designed as an introduction to the subject. 这门课程是作为该科目的入门课而开设的. * The route was designed to relieve traffic congestion. 这条路是为缓解交通拥挤而开辟的. designedly[-idli; -idli] advintentionally; on purpose 有意地; 蓄意地; 故意地. designing n [U] art of making designs (for machinery, dresses, etc) （机械、 服装等的）设计术.

designate
1[5dezigneit, -nEt; 5dezignet, -nEt] adj (following ns 用於名词之後) appointed to a job (but not yet having officially started it) 已受委任（而尚未上任）的: * the editor, director, archbishop, etc designate 已受委任的编辑、 董事、 大主教等.

designation
[7dezig'neiFn; 7dezig'neFEn] n (fml 文) 1 [U] ~ (as sth) appointing of sb to an office 任命; 委派. 2 [C] name, title or description 名称; 称号; 称呼: * His official designation is Financial Controller. 他的职称是财务总监.

designer
[di'zainE(r); di'zainl] n person whose job is designing (eg machinery, furniture, fashionable clothes) 设计者（如机器、 家具、 时装的设计人）: * an industrial designer 工业设计师 * dressed by a leading New York designer 穿着纽约主要设计师设计的服装 * [attrib 作定语] designer jeans 标有设计师姓名的牛仔裤 * (joc 谑) designer stubble, ie an unshaven look deliberately cultivated for effect （讲派头而不刮脸的）胡子拉碴.

designing
[di'zainiN; di'zainiN] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (derog 贬) wanting to carry out one's own secret plans; cunning 别有用心的; 狡猾的: * Designing colleagues stopped them from promoting me. 有些别有用心的同事阻止他们提拔我.

desirable
[di'zaiErEbl; di'zairEbl] adj 1 ~ (that...) worth having; to be wished for 值得有的; 想望的; 称心的; 合意的: * a desirable residence, solution 称心的住所、 解决方法 * It is most desirable that they should both come. 他们两人都来, 这最好不过了. 2 (of a person) arousing sexual desire （指人）引起性欲的, 性感的: * a very desirable woman 非常性感的女子. 派生： desirability/di7zaiErE'bilEti; di7zairE'bilEti] n [U]. desirably[-rEbli; -rEbli] adv.

desire
1[di'zaiE(r); di'zair] n 1 (a) [U] ~ (for sth/to do sth) strong sexual longing 性欲; 情欲; 肉欲: * my desire for her/to make love with her 我对她的强烈的情欲[与她做爱的强烈欲望]. (b) [C] instance of this 性欲; 情欲; 肉欲: * passionate, intense, strong, etc desires 热切的、 极大的、 强烈的...性欲 * satisfy one's desires 满足性欲. 2 (a) [U] ~ (for sth/to do sth) longing; craving 渴望; 欲望; 渴求; 热望: * They had little desire for wealth/to get rich. 他们对财富[致富]无大欲望. * his country's desire for friendly relations/to establish friendly relations 他们国家对友好关系[建立友好关系]的热望. (b) [C] instance of this; wish 渴望; 欲望; 渴求; 热望: * enough to satisfy all your desires 完全能满足你所有的愿望. 3 [C] person or thing that is wished for 想望的人或物: * She is my heart's desire. 她是我心上人.

desirous
[di'zaiErEs; di'zairEs] adj [pred 作表语] ~ of sth/doing sth; ~ that... (fml or rhet 文或修辞) having a wish for (sth); wanting 希望; 渴望: * desirous of peace 渴望和平 * desirous of restoring relations between our two countries 渴望恢复我们两国之间的关系 * desirous that these initiatives should lead to further exchanges 希望这些主动的行动能促进交流.

desist
[di'zist; di'zist] v [I, Ipr] ~ (from sth/doing sth) (fml 文) stop sth/doing sth; cease 停止某事物[不再做某事物]; 停止; 结束: * I wish he'd desist from entertaining his friends at all hours of the day and night. 但愿他别再昼夜不分地招待他的朋友.

desk
[desk; desk] n 1 piece of furniture with a flat or sloping top, often with drawers, at which one can read, write or do business 书桌; 办公桌: * an office desk 办公桌 * children seated at their desks 坐在各自书桌前的儿童 * [attrib 作定语] a desk job 办公室的工作. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xvi. 2 table or counter in a public building behind which a receptionist, cashier, etc works （接待员、 出纳员等的）桌子, 柜台: * an enquiry/information desk 问询处[问讯处] * leave a message at the desk of the hotel 在旅馆的服务处留言. 3 office, eg in a newspaper or ministry, that handles a particular matter 办事处（如报社或政府部门的）; 部; 司; 组: * Jefferies is running the sports desk. 杰弗里斯负责体育新闻组. 复合： `desk clerk (US) = clerk 3. `desk-top[-tCp; -7tap] n top of a desk 桌面: * [attrib 作定语] a desk-top computer, ie one that fits on a desk 台式计算机 * [attrib 作定语] desk-top publishing, ie using a microcomputer and (esp a laser) printer to produce high-quality printed material 桌面出版（使用微型计算机和印字机, 尤指激光印字机印刷的）.

desolate
[5desElEt; 5desElEt] adj 1 (of a place) deserted and miserable （指地方）无人烟的, 荒凉的, 荒芜的: * a desolate industrial landscape 工业废墟 * a desolate, windswept moorland area 荒凉的、 受强风吹袭的高沼地区. 2 miserable and without friends; lonely and sad 凄凉而无友的; 孤凄的: * a desolate person, life, existence 孤独而凄凉的人、 生活、 生活情况 * We all felt absolutely desolate when she left. 她走後, 我们都觉得万分孤寂. 派生： desolate[5desEleit; 5desE7let] v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] 1 leave (a place) ruined and deserted 使（某处）沦为废墟; 使荒凉: * a city desolated by civil strife 遭内乱破坏的城市. 2 make (sb) sad and hopeless 使（某人）悲伤绝望: * a family desolated by the loss of a child 因失去孩子而悲痛欲绝的一家人. desolately adv. desolation[7desE'leiFn; 7desE'leFEn] n [U] 1 desolating or being desolated (desolate v 1) 遗弃; 荒凉; 破坏: the desolation caused by war 战争造成的满目疮痍. 2 misery; loneliness 凄凉; 孤寂: her utter desolation when she heard the bad news 她听到那坏消息时极度悲伤.

despair
[di'speE(r); di'sper] n 1 [U] state of having lost all hope 失去一切希望; 绝望: * Your stupidity will drive me to (ie make me feel) despair. 你愚蠢得使我寒心. * He gave up the struggle in despair. 他绝望地放弃了斗争. * She was overcome by despair. 她已完全绝望. * his despair of ever seeing his family again 他再也见不到他家里人的绝望心情. 2 (idm 习语) be the despair of sb make sb give up hope 使某人放弃希望: * Your son is the despair of all his teachers, ie They no longer expect to be able to teach him anything. 你的儿子在所有教师的心目中已毫无希望了. 派生： despair v [I, Ipr] ~ (of sb/sth) (fml 文) have lost all hope (esp that sb/sth will improve) 失去全部希望; 绝望: We've despair of him; he can't keep a job for more than six months. 我们对他已经绝望了, 他做什麽工作都不能超过半年. despairing/di'speEriN; di'speriN] adj showing despair 表现绝望的; 绝望的: * a despairing look/gesture 绝望的神色[姿态]. despairingly adv: * look despairingly at the judge 绝望地看着法官.

despatch
[di'spAtF; di'spAtF] n, v = dispatch.

desperado
[7despE'ra:dEu; 7despE'rado] n (pl ~es; US also ~s) (dated 旧) man who commits dangerous, esp criminal, acts without worrying about himself or other people 亡命之徒; 暴徒: * the desperadoes who robbed the mail-train 抢劫邮车的亡命徒.

desperate
[5despErEt; 5despErEt] adj 1 feeling or showing great despair and ready to do anything regardless of danger 感到绝望而不惜冒险的; 拚命的; 不顾一切的: * The prisoners grew more desperate. 囚徒们在绝望中更加不顾死活了. * She wrote me a desperate letter. 她给我写了一封信表示因绝望而不惜孤注一掷. 2 [attrib 作定语] violent and sometimes against the law 凶暴的; 犯法的: * a desperate criminal, act, robbery 无法无天的罪犯、 行为、 抢劫. 3 [usu pred 通常作表语] ~ (for sth/to do sth) in great need (of sth/to do sth) 极需要（某事物[做某事]）: * They're desperate for money. 他们极需钱. * (infml 口) Have you got some water? I'm desperate (for a drink). 你有水吗? 我很想喝（一点）. * I'm desperate to see her. 我很想见到她. 4 extremely serious or dangerous 极严重的; 极危险的: * a desperate situation, shortage, illness 危局、 奇缺、 重病 * The state of the country is desperate. 该国局势危殆. 5 [usu attrib 通常作定语] giving little hope of success; tried when all else has failed 成功希望渺茫的; 孤注一掷的: * a desperate remedy, measure, etc 成功希望渺茫的补救方法、 孤注一掷的措施. 派生： desperately adv. desperation[7despE'reiFn; 7despE'reFEn] n [U] state of being desperate(1) 拚命; 不顾一切; 不顾死活: * driven to desperation 被逼得铤而走险 * In desperation I pleaded with the attackers. 我不顾一切向攻击者哀求.

despicable
[di'spikEbl, 'despikEbl; di'spikEbl, 'despikEbl] adj ~ (of sb) (to do sth) deserving to be despised; contemptible 可鄙的; 卑鄙的: * a despicable action, gesture 可鄙的行动、 姿势 * a despicable rogue 卑鄙的无赖. > despicably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv: * behave despicably 举动卑鄙.

despise
[di'spaiz; di'spaiz] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (for sth) feel contempt for sb/sth; consider sb/sth as worthless 鄙视、 藐视、 看不起某人[某事物]: * despise his hypocrisy, meanness, conceit, etc 鄙视他的虚伪、 吝啬、 自负等 * Strike-breakers are often despised by their workmates. 破坏罢工的人常为同事所不齿.

despite
[di'spait; di'spait] prep without being affected by (the factors mentioned) 尽管; 不管; 不顾: * They had a wonderful holiday, despite the bad weather. 尽管天气不好, 他们的假日还是过得极为愉快. * Despite wanting to see him again, she refused to reply to his letters. 她尽管很想再见到他, 但却不愿给他回信. * Despite what others say, I think he's a very nice chap. 不管别人怎麽说, 我仍认为他这个人很好. Cf 参看 in spite of (spite).

despoil
[di'spCil; di'spCil] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~sth (of sth) (fml 文) rob (a place) of sth valuable; plunder sth 从（某处）抢劫有价值之物; 掠夺某物: * Museums have despoiled India of many priceless treasures. 博物馆里有许多从印度掠夺来的无价之宝.

despondent
[di'spCndEnt; di'spandEnt] adj ~ (about sth) having or showing loss of hope; wretched 失望的; 沮丧的; 消沉的; 苦恼的: * a despondent loser, mood, look 沮丧的失败者、 情绪、 神情 * Don't be so despondent. 不要这样泄气. 派生： despondency/di'spCndEnsi; di'spandEnsi] n [U] loss of hope; misery 泄气; 沮丧; 失望; 苦恼: * her despondency about having no job 她因失业而意志消沉. despondently adv.

despot
[5despCt; 5despat] n ruler with unlimited powers, esp a cruel and oppressive one; tyrant 有至高无上权力的统治者; （尤指）暴君: * an enlightened despot 开明的专制君主. 派生： despotic/di'spCtik; di'spatik] adj of or like a despot 专制暴君的; 似暴君的; 专横的: * a despotic headmaster 专横的校长. despotically[-kli; -kli] adv. despotism[5despEtizEm; 5despE7tizEm] n [U] rule of a despot; tyranny 专制君主的统治; 暴政.

dessert
[di'zE:t; di'zEt] (also sweet) n (a) [C] any sweet dish, (eg pie, tart, ice-cream) eaten at the end of a meal （饭後的）甜食（如馅饼、 果馅饼、 冰激凌）: * a pineapple dessert 菠萝甜食. Cf 参看 afters, pudding 1. (b) [U] course in which this dish is served （用作最後一道菜的）甜食: * Shall we move on to dessert? 咱们上甜食好吗? * [attrib 作定语] a dessert apple, wine, etc, ie served with or for dessert 作为甜食的苹果、 餐末甜酒. 复合： de`ssert-spoon n (a) medium-sized spoon 点心匙; 中型匙. =>illus at spoon 见spoon之插图. (b) (also de`ssert-spoonful)[-ful; -7ful] amount held by this 一点心匙的量.

destination
[7desti'neiFn; 7destE'neFEn] n place to which sb/sth is going or being sent 目的地: * Tokyo was our final destination. 东京是我们的最终目的地. * arrive at/reach one's destination 到达目的地.

destined
[5destind; 5destind] adj [pred 作表语] (fml 文) 1 ~ for sth/to do sth; be ~ that... having a future which has been decided or planned beforehand 命中注定; 注定; 预定: * Coming from a theatrical family, I was destined for a career on the stage, ie I was expected to be an actor. 我生於戏剧工作者之家, 注定了我的舞台生涯. * They were destined never to meet again, ie Fate had decided they should not meet again. 他们命中注定再也无缘相遇了. * It was destined that they would marry. 他们结婚是缘分. 2 ~ for... on the way to (a place) 去, 到, 往, 赴（某处）: * a letter, a traveller, an aircraft destined for London 往伦敦的信、 游客、 飞机.

destiny
[5destini; 5destEni] n 1 [U] power believed to control events 命运: * Destiny drew us together. 命运把我们连在一起了. 2 [C] that which happens to sb/sth (thought to be decided beforehand by fate) 定数; 天命: * It was his destiny to die in a foreign country. 他注定要客死异国. * events which shaped his destiny 决定他命运的事件.

destitute
[5destitju:t; - -tu:t; 5destE7tut] adj 1 without money, food, etc and other things necessary for life; impoverished 穷困的; 贫穷的; 穷苦的: * When he died, his family was left destitute. 他死後家人衣食无着. 2 [pred 作表语] ~ of sth (fml 文) lacking sth 缺少某事物: * officials who are destitute of ordinary human feelings 毫无感情的官员. 派生： destitution[7desti'tju:Fn; - -'tu:Fn; 7destE'tuFEn] n [U] being destitute 匮乏; 穷困: * live in complete destitution 生活一贫如洗.

destroy
[di'strCi; di'strCi] v 1 [Tn] damage (sth) so badly that it no longer exists, works, etc; wreck 摧毁, 毁坏（某物）: * a house destroyed by bombs, fire, explosion 被炸弹、 大火、 爆炸毁掉的房子 * Vandals destroyed the bus. 恣意破坏公物的人毁坏了这辆公共汽车. * They've destroyed all the evidence. 他们销毁了一切证据. * (fig 比喻) destroy sb's hopes, career, reputation 毁掉某人的希望、 事业、 名誉. 2 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] kill (a dog, horse, etc) deliberately, usu because it is sick or unwanted 杀死（狗、 马等）（通常因其生病或不能保留）; 人道毁灭: * The injured dog had to be destroyed. 这只受伤的狗要予以人道毁灭. 派生： destroyer n 1 (fml 文) person or thing that destroys 破坏者: Death, the destroyer 死神, 生灵之毁灭者. 2 small fast warship for protecting larger warships or convoys of merchant ships 驱逐舰.

destructible
[di'strQktEbl; di'strQktEbl] adj that can be destroyed 可破坏的; 可摧毁的; 可毁灭的. > destructibility/di7strQktE'bilEti; di7strQktE'bilEti] n [U].

destruction
[di'strQkFn; di'strQkFEn] n [U] (a) destroying or being destroyed 破坏; 摧毁; 毁灭: * the total destruction of a town by an earthquake 地震对一小镇之彻底毁坏. (b) person or thing that destroys or ruins 破坏者; 毁灭者: * Gambling was his destruction. 赌博把他毁了.

destructive
[di'strQktiv; di'strQktiv] adj (a) causing destruction or serious damage 造成毁灭或严重破坏的; 毁灭性的: * the destructive force of the storm 暴风雨的破坏力. (b) wanting or tending to destroy 想要破坏的; 会造成破坏的: * destructive urges 想搞破坏的欲望 * Are all small children so destructive? 是不是儿童都很喜欢破坏? * destructive criticism, ie making no positive suggestions for improvement 破坏性的批评. > destructively adv. destructiveness n [U].

desuetude
[di'sju:itju:d; - -tu:d; di'suE7tud] n (idm 习语) fall into de`suetude (fml 文) cease being used 已不用; 废止: * customs, fashions, words that have fallen into desuetude 已经废弃的风俗、 式样、 词语.

desultory
[5desEltri; - -tC:ri; 5desEl7tCri] adj going from one thing to another, without a definite plan or purpose; unmethodical 不连贯的; 漫无计划或目的的; 无条理的: * desultory reading, work 漫无目的的阅读、 漫无计划的工作 * desultory attempts to help 毫无计划的随意帮助. > desultorily adv. desultoriness n [U].

Det
abbr 缩写 = Detective.

detach
[di'tAtF; di'tAtF] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) unfasten sth from sth; disconnect sth 将某物拆下; 拆开某物; 分开某物: * detach a link from a chain 从链子上拆下一个链环 * a coach detached from a train 从火车上脱离的一节车厢. Cf 参看 attach 1. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (from sth) (military 军) send (a group of soldiers, ships, etc) away from the main force, esp to do special duties 派遣, 分遣（兵员、 船舰等）（尤指执行特殊任务）: * A number of men were detached to guard the right flank. 派遣了一些士兵守卫右翼. 派生： detached adj 1 (a) not influenced by others; impartial 不受他人影响的; 不偏不倚的; 公正的: a detached mind, assessment, judgement, etc 不偏不倚的见解、 评价、 判断等 * take a detached view of sth 对某事物采取公正的观点. (b) not feeling emotional or involved 不动感情的; 冷静的; 客观的; 超然的: her detached response to the crisis 她对这危机的客观的反应. 2 (of a house) not joined to another on either side （指房子）两边不与其他房子相连的, 独立的. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page vii. detachable[-Ebl; -Ebl] adj that can be detached 可拆开的; 可分离的; 可分遣的: * a detachable lining in a coat 大衣的活衬里.

detachment
[di'tAtFmEnt; di'tAtFmEnt] n 1 [U] detaching or being detached 派遣; 分遣: * the detachment of units from the main force 从主力部队派遣的小分队. 2 [U] (a) state of being not influenced by others 不受他人影响; 独立; 客观: * show detachment in one's judgements 表现出独立的见解. (b) lack of emotion; indifference 冷静; 超然: * He answered with an air of detachment. 他以超然的神态回答. 3 [C] group of soldiers, ships, etc sent away from a larger group, esp to do special duties 分遣队; 支队; 特遣舰队: * a detachment of signallers 通讯兵支队.

detail
1[5di:teil; - di'teil; di'tel] n 1 [C] small, particular fact or item 细目; 细节; 详情: * Please give me all the details. 请告诉我全部详情. * I checked every detail of her research. 我核对了她的学术研究的各个细节. * The details of the costume were totally authentic. 这件古装的每个小地方都完全真实. * Spare me the details! ie Don't provide any. 别给我讲细枝末节了! 2 [U] (a) small, particular aspects of sth 细微的方面: * A good organizer pays attention to detail. 善於组织者考虑问题无微不至. * a novelist with an eye for detail, eg who includes many small, realistic facts 刻划入微的小说家. (b) smaller or less important parts of a picture, pattern, etc （绘画、 图案等的）较小的或次要的部分: * The overall composition of the picture is good but some of the detail is distracting. 这幅画的构图不错, 但有些细微处稍嫌喧宾夺主. 3 [C] (military 军) group of soldiers given special duties 特遣队; 小分队: * the cookhouse detail 营地炊事班. 4 (idm 习语) go into `detail(s) speak or write about all aspects of sth 详细叙述: * He refused to go into details about his plans. 他不肯详述他计划的细节. in `detail discussing all facts or items fully 详细地: * to explain/describe sth in detail 详细解释[叙述]某事物.

detain
[di'tein; di'ten] v [Tn] 1 prevent (sb) from leaving or doing sth; delay 阻止（某人）离开或做某事; 耽搁; 延误: * She was detained in the office by unexpected callers. 有些临时访客把她耽搁在办公室里了. * This question need not detain us long, ie can be settled quickly. 这个问题不必耽搁我们很长时间. 2 keep (sb) in custody; lock up 拘留（某人）; 扣押: * The police detained him for questioning. 警方对他进行拘留审问. 派生： detainee[7di:tei'ni:; di7te'ni] n person who is detained (by police, etc, eg sb suspected of a violent crime, terrorism, etc) 被拘留者.

detect
[di'tekt; di'tekt] v [Tn] (a) discover or recognize that (sth) is present 发现、 察觉或查出（某事物）: * The dentist could detect no decay in her teeth. 牙医检查了她的牙, 未见有龋齿. * instruments that can detect minute amounts of radiation 能检测极微量辐射的仪器 * Do I detect a note of irony in your voice? 听起来你是在说反话吧? (b) investigate and solve (crime, etc) 侦察, 侦查（罪案等）: * This police officer's job is to detect fraud. 这位警官负责侦查欺诈案. 派生： detector n device for detecting changes in pressure or temperature, metals, explosives, etc 探测器.

detection
[di'tekFn; di'tekFEn] n [U] detecting; discovering 发现; 察觉; 侦查; 探测: * the detection of radioactivity 对放射性的探测 * the detection of crime 对罪行的侦查 * try to escape detection by disguising oneself 乔装打扮以躲过侦察者的耳目.

detective
[di'tektiv; di'tektiv] n person, esp a police officer, whose job it is to investigate and solve crimes 侦探: * employ a private detective 雇用一名私人侦探. 复合： de`tective story, de`tective novel story in which the main interest is a puzzling crime and the process of solving it 侦探小说.

detente
[7dei'ta:nt; de'tant] n [U] (French 法) lessening of dangerous tension, esp between countries （紧张关系的）缓和（尤指国与国间的）.

detention
[di'tenFn; di'tenFEn] n [U] (a) detaining or being detained, esp in prison 阻止; 滞留; 拘留; （尤指）监禁: * detention without trial 未经审判的关押. (b) punishment of being kept at school after it has closed 课後留校的惩罚: * be given two hours' detention 被罚留校两小时. 复合： de`tention centre place where young offenders are kept in detention for a short time 青少年管教所.

deter
[di'tE:(r); di'tE] v (-rr-) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from doing sth) make sb decide not to do sth 使某人决定不做某事物: * Failure did not deter him (from making another attempt). 他并未因失败而畏缩不前. * I was deterred from emigrating by the thought of leaving my family. 我舍不得离开家, 所以决定不移居国外了.

detergent
[di'tE:dVEnt; di'tEdVEnt] n [U, C], adj (substance) that removes dirt, eg from the surface of clothes or dishes 洗涤剂; 去污剂; 洗涤的; 去污的: * Most synthetic detergents are in the form of powder or liquid. 大多数合成洗涤剂呈粉状或液态.

deteriorate
[di'tiEriEreit; di'tiriE7ret] v [I, Ipr] ~ (into sth) become worse in quality or condition 变坏; 变质; 恶化: * Leather can deteriorate in damp conditions. 皮革受潮可变质. * The discussion deteriorated into a bitter quarrel. 这场讨论演变成了激烈的争吵. > deterioration/di7tiEriE'reiFn; di7tiriE'reFEn] n [U]: * a deterioration in superpower relations 超级大国之间关系的恶化.

determinant
[di'tE:minEnt; di'tEmEnEnt] n, adj (fml 文) (thing) that determines or decides how or if sth happens 决定因素; 决定性的: * The main determinant of economic success is our ability to control inflation. 经济方面的成就主要取决於我们控制通货膨胀的能力.

determinate
[di'tE:minEt; di'tEmEnEt] adj (fml 文) limited in range or scope; definite 限定的; 确定的.

determination
[di7tE:mi'neiFn; di7tEmE'neFEn] n [U] 1 ~ (to do sth) quality of being firmly committed to doing sth; resoluteness 决心; 坚定性: * a leader with courage and determination 果敢的领导者 * with an air of determination, ie showing this quality 带着一副坚定的神态 * her dogged determination to learn English 她学英语的那种坚定不移的决心. 2 precise fixing (of sth); deciding （对某事物的）确定; 决定: * the determination of future policy 未来政策的确定. 3 finding out (of an amount, a quality, etc); calculation （数量、 质量等的）测定; 计算: * the determination of a ship's position/the exact composition of a substance 船的方位[某种物质的准确成分]的测定.

determinative
[di'tE:minEtiv; - -neitiv; di'tEmE-7netiv] adj (fml 文) having the power to determine or limit sth （对某事物）有决定力的, 有限制力的: * a determinative factor in his psychological development 在他心理发展过程中的决定因素. 派生： determinative n thing having the power to determine or limit sth 决定因素.

determine
[di'tE:min; di'tEmin] v 1 [Tn, Tw] (fml 文) fix (sth) precisely; decide 确定（某事物）; 决定: * determine a date for a meeting 确定会议日期 * His future has not been determined, but he may study medicine. 他将来何去何从尚未决定, 但有可能学医. * She will determine how it is to be done. 她会决定这件事的做法. 2 [Tn, Tw] (fml 文) find out (sth that is not known); calculate 测定, 找出（某未知事物）; 算出: * determine the meaning of a word/what a word means 确定某词的含义 * determine exactly what happened 查出究竟发生了什麽事 * determine the speed of light, how high a mountain is 测定光速、 山有多高. 3 [Ipr, Tf, Tw, Tt] ~ on/upon sth decide firmly that sth will be done; make up one's mind about sth; resolve 决定做某事; 对某事下定决心; 决心: * We determined on an early start/(that) we'd makean early start. 我们决定早些出发. * determine on proving/to prove sb's innocence 决心要证实某人无辜 * They have determined where the new school will be built. 他们已决定在何处建校. * He determined to learn Greek. 他决定学希腊语. 4 [Tn.pr] ~ sb against sth (fml 文) make sb decide not to do sth 使某人决定不做某事: * That determined her against leaving home. 那件事使她决定不离开家了. 5 [Tn] decisively influence (sth); fix 对（某事物）产生决定性的影响; 决定: * Do heredity and environment determine one's character? 遗传与环境可以决定一个人的性格吗? * The exam results could determine your career. 考试成绩可能会决定你的前途. 派生： determined/di'tE:mind; di'tEmind] adj ~ (to do sth) with one's mind firmly made up; resolute 有决心的; 意志坚定的; 坚决的: * a determined fighter, look, attitude 坚定的战士、 神情、 态度 * I'm determined to succeed. 我决心要努力获得成功.

determiner
[di'tE:minE(r); di'tEminl] n (grammar) word, eg the, some, my, that comes before a noun to show how the noun is being used 限定词（置於名词前, 对该名词起限定作用的词, 如the、 some、 my）.

determinism
[di'tE:minizEm; di'tEmEn7izEm] n [U] (philosophy 哲) belief that one is not free to choose the sort of person one wants to be, or how one behaves, because these things are decided by one's background, surroundings, etc 决定论（认为个人并无选择个性或行为的自由, 因为这一切都由其背景、 环境等所决定）.

deterrent
[di'terEnt; - -'tE:-; di'tErEnt] n, adj (thing) that deters or is meant to deter 起制止作用的（事物）; 遏止的（因素）; 威慑的（力量）: * His punishment will be a deterrent to others. 惩罚他以儆效尤. * deterrent weapons, measures 具威慑性的武器、 遏制性的手段. 派生： deterrence/di'terEns; - -'tE:-; di'tErEns] n [U] action of deterring 阻止; 遏止; 威慑: * nuclear deterrence, ie (a policy of) having nuclear weapons in order to make an enemy too frightened to attack 核威慑.

detest
[di'test; di'test] v [Tn, Tg, Tsg] dislike (sb/sth) very much; hate 憎恶, 憎恨（某人[某事物]）; 厌恶; 讨厌: * detest dogs 讨厌狗 * detest having to get up early 很不喜欢早起身 * I detest people complaining. 我讨厌人发牢骚. 派生： detestable[-Ebl; -Ebl] adj that one hates; hateful 令人憎恨的; 可憎的; 可恶的; 讨厌的: * a detestable habit 可恶的习惯. detestably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv. detestation[7di:te'steiFn; 7dites'teFEn] n [U] strong dislike; hatred 强烈的厌恶; 憎恶.

dethrone
[7di:'WrEun; di'Wron] v [Tn] (a) remove (a ruler) from the throne; depose 废黜（君主）. (b) (fig 比喻) remove (sb) from a position of authority or influence 使（某人）失去权势; 撵下台; 挤走: * a government adviser dethroned by a younger expert 被较年轻的专家挤走的政府顾问. > dethronement n [C, U].

detonate
[5detEneit; 5detE7net] v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) explode; (be) set off （使某物）爆炸; 引爆; 起爆: * The bomb failed to detonate. 炸弹没爆炸. * an explosive charge detonated by remote control 遥控起爆的炸药. 派生： detonation[7detE'neiFn; 7detE'neFEn] n [C, U] explosion 爆炸; 起爆. detonator[5detEneitE(r); 5detE7netl] n part of a bomb, etc that explodes first, setting off the full explosion 起爆管; 雷管; 信管.

detour
[5di:tuE(r); - di'tuEr; di'tur] n (esp US) route that avoids a blocked road, etc; deviation （绕开受阻道路等的）绕行路线, 迂回路线: * We had to make a detour round the floods. 我们为避开洪水得绕道而行. Cf 参看 diversion. 派生： detour v [I, Tn] avoid (sth) by making a detour 绕道以避开（某物）; 绕过（某物）: We had to detour a road-block. 我们得绕过路障.

detoxify
[7di:'tCksifai; di'taksE7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn] remove poison or harmful substances from (sb/sth) 清除（某人[某物]）的毒素或有害物质; 为（某人[某物]）解毒: * detoxify the bloodstream 清除血液中的毒素. 派生： detoxification[7di:7tCksifi'keiFn; di7taksEfE'keFEn] n [U] action of removing poison or harmful substances, eg addictive drugs 解毒; （对如毒品等有害物质的）清除: * [attrib 作定语] a detoxification centre, ie where drug addicts or alcoholics are treated 戒毒（或戒酒）中心.

detract
[di'trAkt; di'trAkt] v [Ipr] ~ from sth make sth seem less valuable or important 减损某事物的价值或重要性; 贬低: * detract from the merit, value, worth, excellence, etc of sth 有损於某事物的好处、 重要性、 价值、 优点等 * criticism that detracts from her achievements 贬低她成就的批评 * This unpleasant incident detracted from our enjoyment of the evening. 这件不愉快的事情使我们当晚兴致大减. 派生： detraction/di'trAkFn; di'trAkFEn] n [U] unfair criticism of sb/sth; belittling 不恰当的批评; 贬低; 贬抑. detractor n person who criticizes sb/sth unfairly 诋毁者; 贬低者: The scheme is better than its detractors suggest. 这计划比贬低它的人所说的要好.

detrain
[7di:'trein; di'tren] v [I, Tn] (fml 文) leave or cause (sb) to leave a railway train 下火车; 使（某人）下火车: * The troops detrained near the battle zone. 部队在战区附近下了火车.

detribalize
[7di:'traibElaiz; di'traibE7laiz] v [Tn] cause (sb) to abandon tribal customs; end tribal organization in (a society) 使（某人）摒弃部落习俗; 解散（某社会）中的部落组织: * detribalized Indians in South America 解散南美洲印第安人的部落. > detribalization, -isation/ 9di:9traIbElaI5zeIFn; ?@-lI5z-; di9traIbElI`zeFEn] [U].

detriment
[5detrimEnt; 5detrEmEnt] n (idm 习语) to the detriment of sb/sth; without detriment to sb/sth harming/not harming sb/sth 对某人[某事物]有害 [无害]; 有损於[无损於]某人[某事物]: * He works long hours, to the detriment of his health. 他长时间地工作, 有损健康. * This tax cannot be introduced without detriment to the economy. 这一税制一旦施行, 必然会危害国民经济. 派生： detrimental[7detri5mentl; 7detrE'mentl] adj ~ (to sb/sth) harmful 有害的; 不利的: * The measures had a detrimental effect. 这些措施已产生不良影响. * activities detrimental to our interests 损及我们利益的活动. detrimentally[-tEli; -tli] adv: * detrimentally affected 受到不良影响.

detritus
[di'traitEs; di'traitEs] n [U] matter such as sand, silt or gravel produced by the wearing away of rocks, etc （岩石等风化而形成的）泥沙, 碎石, 岩屑; 风化物.

deuce
1[dju:s; - du:s; dus] n 1 two on playing-cards or dice (shown as pips and/or numbers) （纸牌或色子上的）两点（以点和[或]数字表示）. 2 (in tennis) score of 40-all, after which either side must gain two successive points to win the game （网球赛中）40平（其後一方须连胜两球方为胜）.

Deutschmark
[5dCitFma:k; 5dCitF7mark] n (abbr 缩写 DM) unit of money in the Federal Republic of Germany 马克（德国货币单位）.

devalue
[7di:'vAlju:; di'vAlju] v [Tn] (a) reduce the value of (a currency) in relation to other currencies or gold 使（某种货币）贬值: * devalue the dollar, pound, mark, etc 使美元、 英镑、 马克等贬值. (b) reduce the value or worth of (sth) 降低（某事物）的价值; 贬低（某事物）的重要性: * criticism that devalues our work 贬低我们工作成绩的批评. 派生： devaluation[7di:vAlju'eiFn; 7divAlju'eFEn] n [C, U] (instance of) reducing a currency to a lower fixed value 货币贬值: * There's been a further devaluation of the dollar. 美元继续贬值.

devastate
[5devEsteit; 5devEs7tet] v [Tn] (a) completely destroy (sth); ruin 彻底毁坏（某事物）; 毁灭; 摧毁: * a house devastated by a bomb 被炸弹炸毁的房子 * War devastated the country. 战争摧毁了这个国家. (b) (infml 口) shock (sb); overwhelm 令（某人）震惊; 使（某人）难以承受: * She was devastated by his death. 她因他去世而悲痛欲绝. * I was devastated by the news of the crash. 我获悉失事的消息感到十分震惊. 派生： devastating[5devEsteitiN; 5devEs7tetiN] adj 1 very destructive 破坏力极强的; 毁灭性的: * a devastating war, famine, storm, etc 毁灭性的战争、 荒、 风暴等. 2 causing severe shock 令人十分震惊的; 具有强大冲击力的: * devastating criticism, news 猛烈的抨击、 惊人的消息. 3 (fig infml 比喻, 口) striking; impressive 突出的; 醒目的; 令人钦佩的: * devastating wit 非凡的机智 * She looked devastating, ie very beautiful. 她貌美绝伦. devastatingly adv . devastation[7devE'steiFn; 7devEs'teFEn] n [U] devastating or being devastated 毁灭: * complete, utter devastation 完全的、 彻底的毁灭.

develop
[di'velEp; di'velEp] v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sb/sth) (from sth) (into sth) (cause sb/sth to) grow gradually; become or make more mature, advanced or organized （使某人[某事物]）发展, 发育, 成长, 发达: * The child is developing well. 这孩子发育良好. * The plot for the novel gradually developed in my mind. 我逐步构想出小说的情节. * The argument developed into a bitter quarrel. 这场辩论逐渐变成了激烈的争吵. * We've developed the project from an original idea by Stephen. 我们根据斯蒂芬的设想制定了这个计划. * The place has developed from a fishing port into a thriving tourist centre. 这地方由原来的渔港发展成一个繁荣的旅游胜地. 2 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become noticeable, visible or active （使某事物）出现, 明显化, 显露, 变得活跃: * Symptoms of malaria developed, ie appeared. 疟疾的症状出现了. * The car has developed signs of rust, ie is becoming rusty. 这辆汽车出现了锈迹. 3 (photography 摄) (a) [Tn] treat (an exposed film) with chemicals so that the picture can be seen 冲洗（已曝光的底片）; 使（已曝光的底片）显影: * take a film to be developed 将胶卷送去冲洗. (b) [I] (of the image on an exposed film or plate) become visible （指底片上的图像）显影. 4 [Tn] use (land) for the building of houses, etc and so increase its value 在（土地）上建 房屋等; 开发（土地）: * The site is being developed by a London property company. 这块地正在由伦敦的一家地产公司开发利用. 派生： developed adj 1 advanced; mature 先进的; 发达的; 成熟的: a highly developed system of agriculture 十分发达的农业体系 * She is well developed for her age. 她比她的实际年龄看来早熟. 2 (economics 经) (of a country, an area, etc) with a highly organized economy （指国家、 地区等）经济发达的: one of the less developed countries 发达程度较低的国家之一. developer n

develop1
1 (photography 摄) substance used to develop films 显影剂. 2 person or company that develops land 土地开发者; 土地开发公司. developing adj trying to become economically advanced 经济发展中的: a developing country 发展中的国家 * the developing world 发展中的世界.

development
[di'velEpmEnt; di'velEpmEnt] n 1 [U] developing or being developed (develop 1, 2, 3, 4) 发展; 发达; 发育; 成长; 出现; 显影; 开发: * the healthy development of children 儿童的健康成长 * encourage the development of small businesses 鼓励小公司的发展 * land that is ready for development, ie ready to be built on 可以开发的土地（可在上面营建）. 2 [C] (a) new stage or event 新的阶段; 新事态: * the latest development in the continuing crisis 这段持续危机的最新情况 * We must await further developments. 我们必须等待事态的进一步发展. (b) new product or invention 新产品; 新发明: * Our electrically-powered car is an exciting new development. 我们的电动汽车是一项令人鼓舞的新发明. 3 [C] piece of land with new buildings on it 新近建造了房屋的一块土地; 新开发地: * a commercial development on the outskirts of the town 在城郊的新商业区. 复合： de`velopment area (Brit) poor area where new industries are encouraged in order to create jobs 待开发区（鼓励发展新工业以提供就业机会的贫穷地区）.

deviant
[5di:viEnt; 5diviEnt] n, adj (often derog 常作贬义) (person who is) different in moral or social standards from what is considered normal 偏离正常的道德或社会标准的（人）; 离经叛道的（人）: * a sexual deviant who assaults children 蹂躏儿童的性变态者 * deviant behaviour 不轨的行为. 派生： deviance[-viEns; -viEns] , deviancy ns [U] deviant tendencies or behaviour 反常的倾向或行为.

deviate
[5di:vieit; 5divi7et] v [Ipr] ~ from sth stop following (a course, standard, etc) 偏离（路线、 标准等）; 背离: * The plane deviated from its usual route. 飞机偏离了正常的航线. * I will never deviate from what I believe to be right. 我绝不背离我自信正确的道路. * deviate from one's plan, the norm, the accepted procedure, etc 偏离自己的计划、 标准、 一般的程序等.

deviation
[7di:vi'eiFn; 7divi'eFEn] n ~ (from sth) 1 (a) [U] not following the normal or expected course, plan, etc; deviating 偏离正常的或原定的路线、 计划等; 偏向; 偏差: * There was little deviation from his usual routine. 他没有什麽反常的举动. * sexual deviation 性变态行为. (b) [C] instance of this 偏差; 逸出常轨: * a deviation from the rules 违背规则. 2 [U] (politics 政) moving away from the beliefs held by the group to which one belongs 背离自己所属集团的信条; 背盟: * Party ideologists accused her of deviation. 党内理论家谴 责她背离了党的信条. 3 [C] difference between a numerical value and a norm or average 偏差; 离差: * a compass deviation of 5, ie from true north 罗盘自差5度（相对於正北而言）. 派生： deviationism[-FEnizEm; -FEnizm] n [U] practice of political deviation 政治上的离经叛道. deviationist[-FEnIst; -FEnIst/ n.

device
[di'vais; di'vais] n 1 thing made or adapted for a special purpose （为某种用途而制作或改装的）装置, 器具: * a device for measuring pressure 测压装置 * a labour-saving device 节省劳力的装置 * an explosive device 爆破装置 * a nuclear device, eg a nuclear bomb or missile 核子装置（如核弹或核导弹）. =>Usage at machine 用法见machine. 2 (literature 文学) metaphor, combination of words, etc used by a writer to produce an effect on the reader （作者用以感染读者的）手法, 技巧（如隐喻、 词语搭配等）: * a stylistic device 文体表现手法. 3 scheme; trick 策略; 计策; 诡计; 计谋: * Her illness is merely a device to avoid seeing him. 她所谓生病只不过是避免见他的花招而已. 4 symbol or figure used as a sign by a noble family, eg on a crest or shield （贵族用作家族标志的）图案（如用於饰章或盾形徽的）: * a heraldic device 纹章图案. 5 (idm 习语) leave sb to his own devices => leave1.

devil
1[5devl; 5devl] n 1 (a) the Devil supreme evil being; Satan 魔鬼; 撒旦: * The Devil tempted Adam and Eve. 魔鬼诱惑了亚当和夏娃. (b) wicked spirit 魔鬼; 鬼怪: * He believes in devils and witches. 他相信魔鬼、 巫婆这类事. 2 (infml 口) (a) wicked or mischievous person 恶人; 坏蛋; 调皮鬼; 淘气鬼: * My niece is a little devil. 我的侄女是个调皮鬼. * He's a devil with (ie flirts with) the ladies. 他是个玩弄女性的家伙. (b) (used for emphasis 用以加强语气) person 人; 家伙: * The poor/lucky devil! 多可怜[幸运]的家伙! * Which silly devil left the fire on all day? 是哪个笨蛋没将炉火熄掉, 烧了这一整天? 3 (idm 习语) be a `devil (infml joc 口, 谑) used to encourage sb to do sth he is hesitating to do 用以在某人迟疑时鼓励他去做某事: * Go on, be a devil tell me what they said. 来, 怕什麽--尽管告诉我他们说了些什麽. better the devil you know => better2. between the ,devil and the ,deep (blue) `sea in a situation where there are two equally unacceptable alternatives 进退维谷; 左右为难. the devil (used for emphasis in questions 在疑问句中用以加强语气): * What/Who/Why/Where the devil is that? 到底是什麽鬼名堂[是哪个家伙/是为什麽/是在什麽鬼地方]? the (very) `devil (sth) difficult or unpleasant 困难的或令人不愉快的（事物）: * This job is the very devil. 这工作十分棘手. * These pans are the (very) devil to clean. 这些锅太难洗乾净了. the `devil you will/won't, she can/can't, etc (infml 口) (used to emphasize a statement of refusal, an expression of surprise, etc 用作强调表示拒绝、 惊讶等的语句): * `I'm going to a party. ’ `The devil you are!’, ie I forbid it. ‘我要去参加一个聚会.’‘你敢!’（我不准）. the ,devil looks ,after his `own (saying 谚) success comes to those who deserve it least 魔鬼保佑恶人（最不配成功者却能获得成功）; 小人行大运. the devil makes work for idle hands (saying 谚) when people do not have enough work to do, they get into or make trouble 闲则生非. a devil of a sth/sb

devil1
(dated infml 旧, 口) (used for emphasis 用以加强语气) very remarkable, difficult, awkward, etc thing or person 非常突出、 麻烦、 糟糕等的事或人: * a devil of a pretty woman 漂亮得不得了的女人. devil's `advocate person who speaks against sb or sth simply to encourage discussion 故意提出异议以激发辩论的人; 故意唱反调的人: * I don't really believe in capital punishment, I'm just playing the devil's advocate. 我并非真正主张应该有死刑, 只是故意唱唱反调罢了. the devil's own luck very good luck 极佳的运气; 鸿运. the devil take the `hindmost everybody should look after himself and not care about others 魔鬼专抓落後的（人人应自保, 不可顾他人）; 要鬼捉不到, 抢在人前逃: * In this business you have to be tough, and the devil take the hindmost. 干这一行必须心狠, 谁顾别人谁吃亏. give the devil his `due be just, even to those who do not deserve it 不管人好人坏, 都要公平对待; 平心而论. go to the `devil! (dated 旧) damn you! 去你的! 见鬼去吧! have a/the devil of a job doing sth (infml 口) find sth very difficult 觉得某事十分困难: * I'm having a devil of a job fixing my car. 我修我这辆汽车可费劲了. like the `devil (infml 口) very hard, intensively, etc 很卖力地、 强烈地等; 拚命地: * run, work like the devil 拚命跑、 干. needs must when the devil drives => needs (need). play the devil with sth (infml 口) harm or make sth worse 伤害; 使某事物恶化: * Cold weather plays the devil with my rheumatism. 天一冷, 我的风湿病就犯了. speak/talk of the `devil (saying infml 谚, 口) (said when sb one has been talking about appears 用於说到某人, 某人就到的场合). there'll be the `devil to pay (infml 口) there will be trouble as the result of sth 那就麻烦了; 那就糟糕了; 那就要倒霉了: * There'll be the devil to pay if you scratch my car! 你要是划坏了我的汽车你就有麻烦了! the world, the flesh and the devil => world.

devil2
复合： ,devil-may-`care adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] reckless 肆无忌惮的; 不顾一切的.

devilish
[5devEliF; 5devEliF] adj wicked; cruel 邪恶的; 恶毒的; 残忍的: * a devilish plan 毒计 * devilish cunning 奸诈. 派生： devilish adv (dated infml 旧, 口) very 很; 非常: devilish hot 热得要命. devilishly adv: devilishly cruel, cunning, etc 穷凶极恶、 极为狡诈. devilishness n [U].

devilment
[5devlmEnt; 5devlmEnt] (also devilry/ 5devlrI; `dZvlrI/) n 1 [U] high spirits; mischief 高昂的情绪; 恶作剧; 玩笑: * She played a trick on him out of sheer devilment. 她捉弄他完全是为了寻开心. 2 [C] mischievous act 恶作剧; 开玩笑: * She's up to some devilry or other. 她正要搞个恶作剧什麽的.

devious
[5di:viEs; 5diviEs] adj 1 cunning; dishonest 刁滑的; 不诚实的: * a devious lawyer, scheme, trick 刁滑的律师、 阴谋、 诡计 * get rich by devious means 以不正当的手段致富. 2 (of a route, path, etc) winding; not straight （指道路等）弯曲的, 蜿蜒的, 不直的: * The coach followed a rather devious course to its destination. 长途汽车要绕很多弯路才到达目的地. > deviously adv. deviousness n [U].

devise
[di'vaiz; di'vaiz] v [Tn] think out (a plan, system, tool, etc); invent 想出, 设计（计划、 制度、 工具等）; 发明: * devise a scheme for redeveloping the city centre 制定市中心重建计划 * devise a new type of transistor 发明一种新晶体管.

devitalize, devitalise
[7di:'vaitElaiz; di'vaitl7aiz] v [Tn] take strength and vigour away from (sb/sth) 使（某人[某事物]）失去活力; 消耗（某人[某事物]）的力量: * a nation devitalized by a sustained war effort 因持续的战事而大伤元气的国家. > devitalization, -isation[7di:7vaitE-lai'zeiFn; - -li'z-; di7vaitli'zeFEn] n [U].

devoid
[di'vCid; di'vCid] adj [pred 作表语] ~ of sth without sth; completely lacking in sth 没有或毫无某事物: * a criminal utterly devoid of conscience 天良丧尽的罪犯.

devolution
[7di:vE'lu:Fn; - 7dev-; 7devE'luFEn] n [U] transfer of power or authority, esp from central government to regional authorities （尤指中央政府向地方政府）移交权力, 下放权力, 分权.

devolve
[di'vClv; di'valv] v (fml 文) 1 [Ipr] ~ on/upon sb (of work, duties) be transferred or passed to sb （指工作、 职务）移交给某人: * When the President is ill, his duties devolve upon the Vice-President. 总统生病时, 其职务交由副总统代理. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to/upon sb) transfer (work, duties, etc) to sb 将（工作、 职务等）转交给某人: * More power is to be devolved to regional government. 要将更多的权力交给地方政府.

devote
[di'vEut; di'vot] v [Tn.pr] ~ oneself/sth to sb/sth give (one's time, energy, etc) to sb/sth; dedicate 为某人[某事物]付出（时间、 精力等）; 向某人[某事物]奉献（时间、 精力等）; 献身於某事物: * devote oneself to a noble cause 献身於一项崇高的事业 * devote all one's efforts to one's task 全力以赴地工作. 派生： devoted adj ~ (to sb/sth) very loving or loyal 热爱的; 非常忠实的; 全心全意的: a devoted son, friend, supporter, etc 孝子、 忠实的朋友、 不遗馀力的支持者 * She is devoted to her children. 她深爱她的孩子. devotedly adv.

devotee
[7devE'ti:; 7devE'ti] n (a) person who is devoted to sth; enthusiast 致力於、 献身於某事物的人; 热心者; 某事物的迷恋者: * a devotee of sport, music, crime fiction, etc 热衷於体育运动、 音乐、 侦探小说等的人. (b) zealous supporter (of a sect, etc) （某一宗派等的）热情拥护者.

devotion
[di'vEuFn; di'voFEn] n 1 [U] ~ (to sb/sth) (a) deep strong love 深爱; 挚爱: * a mother's devotion to her children 母亲对子女深深的疼爱. (b) giving of oneself (to a person, cause, etc); loyalty 献身; 忠心: * devotion to duty 忠於职守 * a teacher's devotion to her task 教师全心全意投入其工作的态度 * our devotion to our leader 我们对领袖的忠诚. 2 (a) [U] religious zeal; devoutness 宗教热情; 虔诚: * a life of great devotion 信仰诚笃的一生. (b) [C] prayer or religious practice 祈祷; 灵修; 宗教仪式: * a traditional devotion like the Way of the Cross 有如天主教‘拜苦路’的传统宗教仪式 * a priest at his devotions, ie praying 正在祈祷的教士. 派生： devotional[-FEnl; -FEnl] adj of or used in religious worship 崇拜的; 灵修的; 祈祷的: * devotional literature 灵修书刊.

devour
[di'vauE(r); di'vaur] v 1 [Tn] (a) eat (sth) hungrily or greedily 贪婪地吃（某物）; 吞食（某物）: * devour the food ravenously 狼吞虎 地吃东西. (b) (fig 比喻) look at (sb/sth) avidly 贪婪地、 全神贯注地看（某人[某事物]）: * She devoured the new detective story. 她如饥似渴地读那本新侦探小说. * He devoured her with his eyes, ie looked at her lustfully. 他用色迷迷的目光盯着她. (c) (fig 比喻) destroy (sth) 毁灭, 吞噬（某事物）: * Fire devoured a huge area of forest. 大火吞噬了大片森林. 2 (idm 习语) be devoured by sth be filled with (curiosity, anxiety, etc) 心中充满了（好奇、 忧虑等）.

devout
[di'vaut; di'vaut] adj 1 sincerely religious; pious 虔信宗教的; 虔诚的: * a devout Muslim, prayer 虔诚的回教徒、 祈祷. 2 sincere; deeply felt 诚挚的; 真诚的; 衷心的; 发自内心的: * a devout hope, wish, etc 衷心的希望、 祝愿等. > devoutly adv: * It is devoutly to be wished, ie something I hope very much will happen. 这是我衷心希望的. devoutness n [U].

dew
[dju:; - du:; du] n [U] tiny drops of moisture condensed on cool surfaces from water vapour in the air, esp at night 露水: * The grass was wet with dew. 草被露水沾湿了. 派生： dewy adj wet with dew 为露水所湿的; 带露水的. ,dewy-`eyed adj nave and trusting 单纯天真、 易轻信人的: You can't be too dewy-eyed if you want to succeed. 要成功就不能太天真. 复合： `dewdrop n drop of dew 露珠.

dewlap
[5dju:lAp; - 'du:-; 5du7lAp] n fold of loose skin hanging down from the throat of an animal such as a cow or an ox （牛等）自喉部垂下的松皮; 喉垂.

dexterity
[dek'sterEti; dek'sterEti] n [U] skill, esp in using one's hands 技巧, 灵巧（尤指用手的）; 灵活的手法: * A juggler needs great dexterity. 玩杂耍的人要有非常灵巧的手. * (fig 比喻) The negotiations will call for considerable dexterity. 进行这些谈判需要相当圆滑的手腕.

dexterous
(also dextrous)[5dekstrEs; 5dekstrEs] adj (a) skilful with one's hands 善於用手的; 手巧的: * She's very dexterous with the knitting needles. 她擅长用织针. (b) skilfully performed 表现灵巧的: * a dextrous movement 灵巧的动作. > dexterously (also dextrously) adv.

dextrose
[5dekstrEus, -Euz; 5dekstros, -oz] n [U] form of glucose 右旋糖（葡萄糖的一种）.

DG
[7di: 'dVi:; 7di 'dVi] abbr 缩写 = 1 (on coins) by the grace of God (Latin Dei Gratia) （硬币上的字样）蒙上帝之恩, 蒙主恩宠（源自拉丁文Dei Gratia）. 2 thanks be to God (Latin Deo Gratias) 感谢上帝（源自拉丁文Deo Gratias）. 3 director-general.

dhoti
[5dEuti; 5doti] n loincloth worn by male Hindus （印度男子用的）缠腰布.

dhow
[dau; dau] n ship with one mast used along the coasts of Arab countries （阿拉伯国家沿海使用的）单桅帆船.

DHSS
[7di: eitF es 'es; 7di etF es 'es] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Department of Health and Social Security 卫生和社会保险部.

di-
pref 前缀 1 (with ns 後与名词结合) two; double 二; 双; 二重; 二倍: dicotyledon. 2 (chemistry 化) (with ns in names of chemical compounds 後与名词结合构成化合物名称) containing two atoms or groups of the specified type 含有两个原子的; 含有两组某一类型物质的: dioxide * dichromate. Cf 参看 bi-, tri-.

diabetes
[7daiE'bi:ti:z; 7daiE'bitiz] n [U] disease of the pancreas which prevents sugar and starch being properly absorbed 糖尿病.

diabetic
[7daiE'betik; 7daiE'betik] adj of diabetes 糖尿病的. 派生： diabetic n person suffering from diabetes 糖尿病患者.

diabolic
[7daiE'bClik; 7daiE'balik] adj (a) of or like a devil 魔鬼的; 魔鬼似的. (b) clever and evil; wicked 奸邪的; 阴毒的; 毒辣的: * diabolic plan, trick, etc 阴毒的计划、 诡计等. 派生： diabolical[-likl; -likl] adj 1 = diabolic. 2 (Brit infml 口) very bad 很坏的; 很差的; 糟糕的: * The film was diabolical. 这部电影糟透了. * a diabolical liberty, ie an act that one resents very much 极放肆的举动. diabolically[-kli; -kli] adv.

diacritic
[7daiE'kritik; 7daiE'kritik] n (also diacritical[-kl; -kl/) adj [attrib 作定语] mark (eg an accent, a diaeresis or a cedilla) placed above or below a written or printed letter to indicate different sounds （标於书面字母上方或下方以表示其不同发音的）变音符号（如重音符、 分音符或下加符）. 派生： diacritic of diacritic mark 变音符号的.

diadem
[5daiEdem; 5daiE7dem] n crown worn as a sign of royal power 王冠, 冕（王权的象徵）.

diaeresis
(also dieresis)[dai'erEsis; dai'erEsis] n (pl -eses[-Esi:z; -E7siz] ) mark (eg as in nave) placed over a vowel to show that it is sounded separately from the vowel before it 分音符（标於元音之上以示其与前一元音分别发音, 如naIve中的庄）. Cf 参看 umlaut.

diagnose
[5daiEgnEuz; - 7daiEg'nEus; 7daiEg'nos] v [Tn, Cn.n/a] ~ sth (as sth) find out the nature of (esp an illness) by observing its symptoms 判断; （尤指）诊断（疾病）: * The doctor diagnosed measles. 医生诊断出麻疹. * diagnosed the tumour as benign 诊断该肿瘤为良性的 * (fig 比喻) The book diagnoses our present economic ills, ie shows what is wrong with the economy. 该书针砭我们经济中现存的弊病.

diagnosis
[7daiEg'nEusis; 7daiEg'nosis] n (pl -noses[- 5nEUsi:z; -`nosiz/) (a) [U] diagnosing 诊断; 确定毛病; 判断问题: * make one's diagnosis 进行诊断 * a doctor skilled in diagnosis 诊断准确的医生 * accurate diagnosis of an electrical fault 电气故障的准确判定. Cf 参看 prognosis. (b) [C] (statement of the) result of diagnosing 诊断结果; 诊断书.

diagnostic
[7daiEg'nCstik; 7daiEg'nastik] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of diagnosis 诊断的; 判断的: * diagnostic skill, training, etc 诊断的技术、 训练等 * symptoms that were of little diagnostic value, ie that did not indicate the patient's disease 对诊断是何疾病无甚参考价值的症状（即该症状显示不出是何疾病）.

diagonal
[dai'AgEnl; dai'AgEnl] adj (a) crossing a straight-sided figure, eg a rectangle, from corner to corner （长方形等直边图形的）对角的, 对角线的. =>illus at vertical 见vertical之插图. (b) slanting; oblique 倾斜的; 斜线的: * diagonal stripes 斜纹. (c) crossed by slanting lines 有斜线的; 斜纹的. 派生： diagonal n straight line crossing a straight-sided figure from corner to corner; slanting line 对角线; 斜线. diagonally[-nEli; -nli] adv.

diagram
[5daiEgrAm; 5daiE7grAm] n drawing or plan that uses simple lines rather than realistic details to explain or illustrate a machine, structure, process, etc 图解; 图表; 示意图: * a diagram of a gear-box, a rail network 齿轮箱、 铁路网的图解. > diagrammatic[7daiEgrE-'mAtik; 7daiEgrE'mAtik] adj: * a diagrammatic map 图解地图. diagrammatically[-kli; -kli] adv.

dial
[5daiEl; 5daiEl] n 1 face of a clock or watch 钟面; 表面. 2 similar face or flat plate with a scale and a pointer for measuring weight, volume, pressure, the amount of gas used, etc 仪表盘; 标度盘; 刻度盘: * the dial of an electricity meter 电表盘. 3 plate or disc, etc on a radio or television set showing the wavelengths or channels （收音机）调谐指示板; （电视机）频道显示盘. 4 (a) disc on a telephone that is turned when making a call （电话）拨号盘. (b) set of keys on a telephone that are pressed when making a call （按键式电话的）按键盘. 派生： dial v (-ll-; US -l-) [I, Tn] use a telephone dial to call (a number or telephone service) 打电话; 拨（电话号码）: dial 01-230-1212 拨01-230-1212 * dial the operator 打给接线员. `dialling code numbers for an area or a country that are dialled before the number of the person one wants to speak to 电话区域号码: The dialling code for the London area is 01. 伦敦地区的电话区号是01. `dialling tone sound heard on the telephone showing that one can begin to dial the number wanted （电话内传出表示可拨号的）拨号音. =>App 4 见附录4.

dialect
[5daiElekt; 5daiE7lekt] n [C, U] form of a language (grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation) used in a part of a country or by a class of people 方言; 土语; 地方话: * the Yorkshire dialect 约克郡方言 * a play written in dialect 用方言写的剧本 * [attrib 作定语] dialect words, pronunciations, etc 方言词、 方音. Cf 参看 accent 3, brogue. > dialectal[7daiE'lektl; 7daiE'lektl] adj: * dialectal differences between two areas 两个地区方言的差别.

dialectic
[7daiE'lektik; 7daiE'lektik] n [U] (also dialectics [sing v]) (philosophy 哲) 1 art of discovering and testing truths by discussion and logical argument 逻辑论证法（通过讨论与逻辑推理揭示并检验真理的方法）. 2 criticism that deals with metaphysical contradictions and how to solve them 辩证法（研究抽象矛盾及其解决方法的学说）. 派生： dialectical[-kl; -kl] adj of or relating to dialectic 逻辑论证的; 有关逻辑论证的; 辩证的; 有关辩证法的: * dialectical method 逻辑论证的方法. dia,lectical ma`terialism Marxist theory that political and historical events are due to the conflict of social forces caused by man's material needs 辩证唯物主义. dialectically[-klI; -klI/ adv. dialectician[7daiElek'tiFn; 7daiElek'tiFEn] n person who is skilled in dialectic 擅长逻辑论证者; 辩证学家.

dialogue
(US also dialog)[5daiElCg; - -lC:g; 5daiE7lCg] n 1 (a) [U, C] (writing in the form of a) conversation or talk 对话; 用对话体写的文字: * Most plays are written in dialogue. 大多数戏剧都是用对话体写的. * a novel with long descriptions and little dialogue 描述多而对话少的小说. (b) [C] conversation, esp in literature, plays and films （尤指文学、 戏剧、 电影中的）对话, 对白: * a long dialogue in the opening scene 开场的大段对白. 2 [C, U] discussion between people with different opinions 意见分歧者之间的讨论; 意见交换; 磋商: * a useful dialogue on common problems 就共同问题进行的有益的磋商 * More dialogue between world leaders is needed. 世界各国领导人之间需要多交换意见.

dialysis
[7dai'Alisis; dai'AlEsis] n (pl -lyses[-lisi:z;-lE7siz] ) [U, C] (medical 医) process of purifying blood by passing it through a membrane, used esp for treating patients with damaged kidneys 透析, 渗析（通过薄膜过滤来净化血液的方法, 尤用於治疗肾脏损伤的病人）: * renal dialysis 肾透析 * [attrib 作定语] a dialysis machine 透析机.

diamante
[daiE'mAnti, diE'mCntei; 7diEman'te] adj decorated with powdered crystal or some other sparkling substance 饰以水晶粉或其他闪光物的: * diamante ear-rings 珠光耳环.

diameter
[dai'AmitE(r); dai'AmEtl] n (length of a) straight line connecting the centre of a circle or sphere, or of the base of a cylinder, to two points on its sides 直径: * the diameter of a tree-trunk 树干的直径 * a lens that magnifies 20 diameters, ie makes an object look 20 times longer, wider, etc than it is 放大20倍的透镜. =>App 5 见附录5. =>illus at circle 见circle之插图. 派生： diametrical[7daiE'metrikl; 7daiE'metrikl] adj of or along a diameter 直径的; 沿直径的.

diametrically
[7daiE'metrikli; 7daiE'metrikli] adv completely; entirely 完全地; 全然地: * diametrically opposed/opposite 完全相反的.

diamond
[5daiEmEnd; 5daiEmEnd] n 1 (a) [U, C] transparent precious stone of pure carbon in crystallized form, the hardest substance known 金刚石; 金刚钻; 钻石: * a ring with a diamond in it 钻石戒指 * [attrib 作定语] a diamond ring, necklace, etc 钻石戒指、 项链等. (b) [C] piece of this (often artificially made) used in industry, esp for cutting glass or as a stylus for playing records （常为人造的）工业用金刚石; （尤指）金刚石玻璃刀, 宝石唱针. 2 [C] figure with four equal sides and with angles that are not right angles 菱形. 3 (a) diamonds [sing or pl v] suit of playing-cards marked with red diamond shapes 红方块花色的纸牌: * the five of diamonds 方块五 * Diamonds is/are trumps. 方块为王牌. (b) [C] playing-card of this suit 方块牌: * play a diamond 出一张方块. =>illus at playing-card 见playing-card之插图. 4 [C] (in baseball) space inside the lines connecting the bases （棒球）内野（四垒连线内的场地）. 5 (idm 习语) a rough diamond => rough1. 复合： ,diamond `jubilee (celebration of a) 60th anniversary 60周年（纪念）. Cf 参看 golden jubilee (golden), silver jubilee (silver). ,diamond `wedding 60th anniversary of a wedding 钻石婚（结婚60周年纪念）. Cf 参看 golden wedding (golden), silver wedding (silver).

diaper
[5daiEpE(r); - also 'daipEr; 5daiEpl, 'daipl] n 1 [U] linen or cotton fabric with a pattern of small diamonds on it 有菱形花格的麻或棉织物. 2 [C] (US) = nappy.

diaphanous
[dai'AfEnEs; dai'AfEnEs] adj (of fabric) light, very fine and almost transparent （指织物）又轻又薄而半透明的: * a diaphanous veil 半透明的面纱 * a dress of diaphanous silk 薄如蝉翼的绸服.

diaphragm
[5daiEfrAm; 5daiE7frAm] n 1 wall of muscle, between the chest and the abdomen, that helps to control breathing 膈; 膈膜; 横膈膜. =>illus at respire 见respire之插图. 2 arrangement of thin plates in a camera that control how much light is let in through the lens 光圈; 光孔; 光阑. 3 vibrating disc or cone producing sound-waves, eg in telephone receivers, loudspeakers, etc 振动膜（如电话听筒及扬声器等中的）. 4 (also Dutch `cap, cap) thin plastic or rubber membrane that is fitted over the neck of the womb before intercourse to prevent conception 子宫帽（避孕用具）.

diarrhoea
(US diarrhea)[7daiE'riE; 7daiE'riE] n [U] condition that causes waste matter to be emptied from the bowels frequently and in a watery form 腹泻: * have a bad attack of diarrhoea 患了严重的腹泻.

diary
[5daiEri; 5daiEri] n (book used for a) daily record of events, thoughts, appointments, etc 日记; 日志; 日记簿: * keep (ie write regularly in) a diary 记日记. 派生： diarist[5daiErist; 5daiErist] n person who writes a diary, esp one that is later published 写日记的人, 日记作者（尤指内容供日後发表者）.

Diaspora
[dai'AspErE; dai'AspErE] n the Diaspora [sing] (a) settling of the Jews among various non-Jewish communities after they had been exiled in 538 BC 犹太人於公元前538年被逐出故土後散居各地. (b) places where they settled 犹太人散居的各个地方: * People from every country of the Diaspora now live in Israel. 当年流落他乡的犹太人现在生活在以色列.

diastase
[5daiEsteis; 5daiE7stes] n [U] enzyme that converts starch to sugar, important in digestion 淀粉 ; 糖化 .

diatom
[5daiEtEm; - -tCm; 5daiE7tam] n any of various types of microscopic one-cell plants living in water and forming fossil deposits 硅藻.

diatonic
[7daiE'tCnik; 7daiE'tanik] adj (music 音) using the notes of the major or minor scale2(6) only, not of the chromatic scale 用自然音阶的.

diatribe
[5daiEtraib; 5daiE7traib] n ~ (against sb/sth) lengthy and bitter attack in words 长篇抨击; 长时间的谩骂: * a diatribe against the police state 对警察国家的连声怒骂.

dibble
[5dibl; 5dibl] (also dibber[5dibE(r); 5dibl] ) n short wooden tool with a pointed end, used for making holes in the ground for seeds or young plants 点播器; 挖穴器. 派生： dibble v (phr v) dibble sth in put (plants, etc) inthe ground using a dibble 用点播器栽种（植物等）; 点播.

dice
[dais; dais] n (pl unchanged 复数不变) 1 (a) [C] small cube of wood, bone, plastic, etc that has a different number of spots on each side, from one to six, used in games of chance 色子; 骰子: * a pair of dice 一对色子 * shake/roll/throw the dice 摇[滚/掷]色子. =>illus 见插图. (b) [U] game played with this 掷色子游戏: * play dice 玩掷色子游戏. 2 (idm 习语) load the dice => load2. no `dice (sl 俚 esp US) no agreement (to sth requested) 不同意（某要求）; 拒绝; 不行: * `Shall we change the plan?’ `No dice, we'll stick with the original one.’ ‘我们变动一下计划好吗?’‘不行, 我们要按原计划行事.’ 派生： dice v 1 [I] gamble using dice 用色子赌博. 2 [Tn, Tn.p] cut (meat, vegetables, etc) into small cubes 将（肉、 蔬菜等）切成小方块, 切成丁: Dice the beetroot (up) neatly. 将甜菜根切成整齐的小方块. 3 (idm 习语) dice with death (infml 口) risk one's life 冒生命危险; 玩儿命.

dicey
[5daisi; 5daisi] adj (dicier, diciest) (infml 口) risky; dangerous 冒险的; 危险的: * The fog made driving a bit dicey. 在这大雾中开车有些危险.

dichotomy
[dai'kCtEmi; dai'katEmi] n ~ (between A and B) (fml 文) separation into or between two groups or things that are opposed, entirely different, etc 一分为二; 二分; 二分法: * the dichotomy between peace and war 和平与战争之一分为二 * They set up a false dichotomy between working and raising a family, ie wrongly claim that one cannot do both. 他们错误地把工作与养育儿女两者对立起来.

dick
[dik; dik] n 1 ( infml 讳, 口) penis , 鸡巴（阴茎）. 2 (dated infml 旧, 口 esp US) detective 侦探: * The thief was caught by the hotel dick. 那个贼被旅店的巡察职员抓住了.

dickens
[5dikinz; 5dikinz] n the dickens (infml euph 口, 婉) (used to give emphasis, esp in questions) the Devil （用以加强语气, 尤於疑问句中）相当於the Devil: * Who/What/Where the dickens is that? 到底是谁[是什麽/在哪儿]? * We had the dickens of a job finding the place. 我们费了九牛二虎之力才找到这地方.

Dickensian
[di'kenziEn; di'kenziEn] adj of or like the novels of Dickens, which often describe eccentric characters and bad social conditions 狄更斯笔下的; 像狄更斯小说的: * a Dickensian slum （似）狄更斯笔下的贫民窟.

dicker
[5dikE(r); 5dikl] v [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb) (for sth) argue (with the seller) about the price of sth; haggle （与卖主）讲价钱; 讨价还价: * She dickered (with the shopkeeper) for the best fruit. 她要买店里最好的水果而（跟店主）讨价还价.

dicky
1 (also dickey)[5diki; 5diki] n (infml 口) 1 (also `dicky-seat) (Brit dated 旧) small extra folding seat at the back of some old-fashioned two-seater cars （旧式两座位汽车後部的）摺叠加座. 2 (dated 旧) false shirt-front 衬衫的假襟. 复合： `dicky-bird n 1 (used by or to young children 儿语) bird 鸟儿. 2 (idm 习语) not say a dicky-bird => say.

dicotyledon
[7daikCtE'li:dEn; 7daikatlidn] n flowering plant that has two leaves growing from the seed at the embryo stage 双子叶植物.

Dictaphone
[5diktEfEun; 5diktE7fon] n (propr 专利名) machine that records speech, esp dictated letters, and plays it back so that a secretary can type it out （录下口授信函等然後播放以供秘书打出的）录音机; 口授录音机.

dictate
[dik'teit; - 'dikteit; 5diktet] v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (to sb) say or read aloud (words to be typed, written down or recorded on tape) 口授; 读出（文字, 作听写或录音）: * dictate a letter to one's secretary 向秘书口授信稿 * The teacher dictated a passage to the class. 教师读出一段文章让全班听写. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) state or order sth with the force of authority 强行规定; 指令; 指定: * dictate terms to a defeated enemy 向战败的敌人指定条件. 3 (phr v) dictate to sb (esp passive 尤用於被动语态) give orders to sb, esp in an officious way 指使某人; （尤指）向某人发号施令: * I refuse to be dictated to by you. 我不愿被你呼来唤去的. * You can't dictate to people how they should live. 不能强行规定人们应该怎样生活. =>Usage at decree 用法见decree. 派生： dictate n[5dikteit; 5diktet] (usu pl 通常作复数) command (esp one that reason, conscience, etc prompts one to obey) （尤指在理智、 良心等驱使下必须执行的）命令, 指令: * Follow the dictates of common sense, ie Do what common sense tells you to do. 按常识行事.

dictation
[dik'teiFn; dik'teFEn] n 1 [U] action of giving or taking sth dictated 口授; 听写; 命令: * shorthand dictation 速记. 2 [C] passage, etc that is dictated 用作口授、 听写的文字: * three English dictations 叁段英语听写文字.

dictator
[dik'teitE(r); - 'dikteitEr; 5diktetl] n 1 ruler who has total power over his country, esp one who has obtained it by force and uses it in a cruel way 独裁者. 2 (fig infml 比喻, 口) person who insists that people do what he wants 霸道的人; 爱发号施令者: * Our boss is a bit of a dictator. 我们的老板有点霸道. 派生： dictatorial[7diktE'tC:riEl; 7diktE'tCriEl] adj (a) of or like a dictator 独裁者的; 似独裁者的; 独裁的: * dictatorial government, powers, etc 独裁政治、 权力等. (b) fond of giving orders; domineering 爱发号施令的; 霸道的; 专横的; 盛气凌人的: * a dictatorial teacher, manner, tone 专横的教师、 态度、 语气. dictatorially[-Eli; -Eli] adv. dictatorship n 1 [C, U] (country with) government by a dictator 独裁政治; 专政; 专制; 独裁国家; 专制国家. 2 [C] rank or office of a dictator 独裁者的地位或职位.

diction
[5dikFn; 5dikFEn] n [U] (a) style or manner of speaking or (sometimes) writing 说话（有时亦指写作）的方式; 语言风格: * Clarity of diction is vital for a public speaker. 发音清晰对演说家至关重要. (b) choice and use of words 词语的选择; 遣词用字; 措辞.

dictionary
[5dikFEnri; - -neri; 5dikFE7neri] n (a) book that lists and explains the words of a language, or gives translations of them into one or more other languages, and is usu arranged in alphabetical order 字典; 词典: * an English dictionary 英语词典. (b) similar book that explains the terms of a particular subject 专业词典: * a dictionary of architecture 建 学词典.

dictum
[5diktEm; 5diktEm] n (pl ~s or -ta[-tE; -tE] ) (a) saying; maxim 名言; 格言: * the well-known dictum `Knowledge is power' 着名的格言‘知识就是力量’. (b) formal expression of opinion 正式发表的权威性意见.

did
pt of do.

didactic
[di'dAktik, dai-; dai'dAktik] adj (fml 文) 1 intended to teach 教导的; 教诲性的; 说教的: * didactic poetry, methods 教诲诗、 教导方法. 2 (usu derog 通常作贬义) that seems to treat the listener, reader, etc like a child in school 对待听者、 读者等有如小学生似的; 教书式的: * I don't like her didactic way of explaining everything. 我不喜欢她那种像教小孩子一样解释一切的方法. > didactically[-kli; -kli] adv.

diddle
[5didl; 5didl] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (out of sth) (infml 口) cheat sb, esp in small matters 欺骗某人; （尤指在小事上）哄骗: * I've been diddled! Half of these tomatoes are bad! 我上当了! 这些番茄一半是坏的! * They've diddled me out of the rent! 他们骗去了我的租金!

didn't
=> do.

die
1[dai; dai] n block of hard metal with a design, etc cut into it, used for shaping coins, printing-type, medals, etc or for stamping paper, leather, etc so that designs stand out from the surface 金属模; 硬模; 印模; 钢印. 复合： `die-cast adj made by casting metal in a mould 用印 模铸造的: die-cast toys, eg small models of cars 用印模铸造的玩具（如小汽车模型）.

dieresis
(US) = diaeresis.

diesel
[5di:zl; 5dizl] n 1 [C] (also `diesel engine) oil-burning engine (used eg for buses and locomotives) in which fuel is ignited by sudden compression 柴油机: * [attrib 作定语] a diesel lorry, train, etc 柴油机运货卡车、 火车等. 2 [U] (also `diesel fuel, `diesel oil) heavy fuel oil used in diesel engines 柴油. 3 [C] locomotive, motor vehicle or ship that uses diesel fuel 柴油机机车、 机动车或船. 复合： ,diesel-`electric adj driven by electric current from a generator driven by a diesel engine 用柴油发电机驱动的: a diesel-electric train 柴油电力驱动的火车.

diet
1[5daiEt; 5daiEt] n 1 [C] sort of food that is usually eaten (by a person, community, etc) （某人、 共同生活的人等）通常吃的食物; 日常食物: * the Japanese diet of rice, vegetables and fish 米、 蔬菜、 鱼等日本人常吃的食物 * Too rich a diet (ie Too much rich food) is not good for you. 吃太多油腻的食物对你身体不好. * illnesses caused by poor diet 饮食欠佳导致的疾病. 2 [C] limited variety or amount of food that a person is allowed to eat, eg for medical reasons or in order to lose weight 限定的食物种类或数量, 规定食谱（如为治疗疾病或减轻体重的）: * a salt-free diet 无盐食谱 * [attrib 作定语] diet aids 食疗. 3 [sing] ~ of sth (fig 比喻) so much of sth that it becomes boring or unpleasant 多得令人生厌的事物: * the constant diet of soap operas on TV 多得使人腻烦的电视连续剧. 4 (idm 习语) (be/go/put sb) on a diet allowed to eat only some foods or a little food, because of illness or to lose weight 用规定食谱, 控制饮食, 节食（因病或为减轻体重）: * The doctor says I've got to go on a diet. 医生说我得节食. 派生： diet v [I] (be allowed to) eat only some foods or a little food, esp to lose weight 只（准）吃某类食物或少量食物; （尤指为减轻体重）节食: You ought to diet and take more exercise. 你应该节食并多做运动. dietary[5daiEtEri; - -eri; 5daiE7teri] adj: * dietary habits 饮食习惯 * dietary rules, eg forbidding certain foods 饮食规定（如禁食某些食物）. dietetic[7daiE'tetik; 7daiE'tetik] adj of diet and nutrition 饮食的; 特定饮食的; 营养的. dietetics n [sing v] science of diet and nutrition 饮食学; 营养学. dietician (also dietitian)[7daiE'tiFn; 7daiE'tiFEn] n expert in dietetics 饮食学家; 营养学家.

differ
[5difE(r); 5difl] v [I, Ipr] 1 ~ (from sb/sth) not be the same (as sb/sth); be unlike （与某人[某事物]）不同, 不一样, 有区别; 不像; 相异: * The brothers differ widely in their tastes. 他们弟兄的爱好大相径庭. * Tastes differ, ie Different people like different things. 人各有所好. * have differing tastes, views, etc 有不同的爱好、 观点等 * In this respect, French differs from English/French and English differ. 在这方面, 法语不同於英语[法语与英语有区别]. 2 ~ (with/from sb) (about/on sth) disagree; not share the same opinion 不同意; 持异议: * I'm sorry to differ with you on that. 对不起, 在那一点上我与你看法不同. * We differ on many things. 我们在很多事情上意见都不一致. 3 (idm 习语) agree to differ => agree. I beg to differ => beg.

difference
[5difrEns; 5difrEns] n 1 [C] ~ (between A and B); ~ (in/of sth) state or way in which two people or things are not the same, or in which sb/sth has changed 差别; 差异; 不同之处; 变化; 变化之处: * the marked differences between the two children 两个孩子之间的显着差别 * Did you notice a difference (in her)? 你注意到（她）有什麽变化吗? * It's easy to tell the difference (ie distinguish) between butter and margarine. 区别黄油和人造黄油是很容易的. * a difference of approach 方法的不同. 2 [C, U] ~ (in sth) (between A and B) amount or degree in which two things are not the same or sth has changed 差距; 差额; 变化程度: * There's an age difference of six years between them, ie One of them is six years older than the other. 他们俩相差六岁. * I'll lend you 90% of the money and you'll have to find the difference, ie the other 10%. 我借给你这笔钱的90%, 其馀的（10%）你自己解决. * We measured the difference(s) in temperature. 我们测量了温度的变化. * There's not much difference in price between the two computers. 这两种计算机价格没多大差别. 3 [C] ~ (between A and B) (over sth) disagreement, often involving a quarrel 意见不合, 争执（常引起争吵者）: * Settle your differences and be friends again. 你们消除分歧, 言归於好罢. * We had a difference of opinion (ie argued) over who had won. 我们在究竟是谁获胜的问题上发生了争执. 4 (idm 习语) as near as makes no difference => near2. for all the `difference it/sth makes considering how little difference it/sth makes 鉴於那事物[某事物]作用甚微; 尽管有所差别. make a, no, some, etc difference (to sb/sth) (a) have an, no, some, etc effect (on sb/sth) （对某人[某事物]）有、 没有、 有些...作用或影响: The rain didn't make much difference (to the game). 这场雨（对比赛）没多大影响. * The sea air has made a difference to (ie improved) her health. 海上的空气改善了她的健康状况.

difference1
* A hot bath makes all the difference (ie makes you feel better) in the morning. 上午洗个热水澡能让人精神振奋. (b) be important, unimportant, etc (to sb/sth); matter （对某人[某事物]）重要、 不重要等; 要紧、 不要紧等: It makes no difference (to me) what you say: I'm not going. 不管你怎麽说（对我来说）都无所谓, 反正我不去. * It won't make much difference whether you go today or tomorrow. 你今天去也好, 明天去也好, 关系不大. * Does that make any difference? ie Is it important, need we consider it? 那要紧吗? * Yes, it makes all the difference, ie is very important. 是的, 非常重要. make a difference between treat differently 区别对待; 不同样对待: She makes no difference between her two sons. 她对两个儿子一视同仁. sink one's differences => sink1. split the difference => split. with a `difference (following ns 用於名词之後) special; unusual 特别的; 与众不同的: She's an opera singer with a difference: she can act well! 她这个歌剧演唱家与众不同, 因为她还擅长表演!

different
[5difrEnt; 5difrEnt] adj 1 ~ (from/to sb/sth); esp US ~ (than sb/sth) not the same (as sb/sth) 不同的; 不一样的; 有区别的: * the same product with a different name 名称不同的同一种产品 * The room looks different with the furniture gone. 家具搬走之後, 这房间变了样了. * Their tastes are different from/to mine. 他们的爱好与我的不同. * She is wearing a different dress every time I see her. 我每次见到她时, 她穿的衣服都不重样. 2 separate; distinct 分别的; 彼此分开的; 各不相同的: * I called on three different occasions, but he was out. 我打了叁次电话, 他都不在. * They are sold in different colours, ie a variety of colours. 这批货有多种颜色供选购. 3 (idm 习语) (as) ,different as ,chalk and/from `cheese completely different 天差地远; 迥然不同. a (very) different kettle of fish (infml 口) a completely different person or thing from the one previously mentioned 与所提及的人或事物完全不同者; 另一码事. know different => know. sing a different song/tune => sing. > differently adv. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: British and US English differ as regards the prepositions used after different. 接在different後面的介词, 在英式英语和美式英语中有所不同. 1 Before a noun or adverbial phrase, both from and to are acceptable in British English. 若用在名词或状语短语前, 英式英语使用from和to均可. Some speakers prefer from. 有的人喜欢用from. Different than is not usual *different than则不常用: He's very different from/to his brother. 他跟他哥哥很不同. * This visit is very different from/to last time. 这次的访问与上次大不一样. In US English than is commonly used (not to) 在美式英语中, than使用得较普遍（to则不常见）: Your trains are different from/than ours. 你们的火车跟我们的不一样. * You look different than before. 你看上去跟从前不同了. 2 In both varieties, but especially in US English, than is an alternative to from before a clause 在以上两种英语中, 尤其是美式英语, 从句前既可用from亦可用than: His appearance was very different from what I'd expected/His appearance was very different than I'd expected. 他的容貌与我想像的相去甚远.

differential
[7difE'renFl; 7difE'renFEl] adj [attrib 作定语] of, showing or depending on a difference 不同的; 有分别的; 基於差别的; 区别性的: * differential treatment of applicants for jobs, eg varying according to their education, etc 对求职者区别对待（如根据学历等） * Non-EEC countries pay a higher differential tariff. 欧洲经济共同体以外的国家须付高於成员国的差别关税. 派生： differential n 1 (also ,differential `wage) (esp Brit) difference in rates of pay for different types of work or workers （不同工种或工人的）工资级差: a dispute about the differential between men and women workers 有关男女工不同酬的争议. 2 (also ,differential `gear) gear enabling a vehicle's back wheels to turn at different speeds when going round corners （车辆转弯时使两後轮以不同速度转动的）差速器. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xii. 复合： ,differential `calculus (mathematics 数) branch of calculus concerned with calculating rates of change, maximum and minimum values, etc 微分（学）. Cf 参看 integral calculus (integral).

differentiate
[7difE'renFieit; 7difE'renFi7et] v 1 (a) [Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ between A and B; ~ A (from B) see or show (two things) to be different; show sth to be different (from sth else) 看出或指出（两者）不同; 辨别; 区别; 区分: * Can you differentiate between the two varieties? 你能辨别这两个品种吗? * Can you differentiate one variety from the other? 你能将这两个品种区别开来吗? * One character is not clearly differentiated from another. 人物之间的区别没有明显刻划出来. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) be a mark of difference between (people or things); distinguish 构成（人或事物）间的差别; 使（人或事物）有差别: * The male's orange beak differentiates it from the female. 那种鸟雄鸟的喙呈橙色, 与雌鸟不同. 2 [Ipr] ~ between A and B treat (people or things) in a different way, esp unfairly; discriminate 区别对待（人或事物）（尤指不公平地）: * It is wrong to differentiate between people according to their family background. 根据出身不同而区别待人是不对的. > differentiation[7difErenFi'eiFn;7difE7renFi'eFEn] n [U].

difficult
[5difikElt; 5difEkElt] adj 1 ~ (to do sth) (of tasks) requiring effort or skill; not easy （指任务）需要精力或技术的; 困难的; 不易的: * a difficult problem, language, translation 难题、 难学的语言、 难做的翻译 * She finds it difficult to stop smoking. 她觉得戒烟很不容易. * This mountain is difficult to climb/It is difficult to climb this mountain. 这座山很难爬[爬这座山可不容易]. * Their refusal puts us in a difficult position. 他们拒绝後, 我们便陷入了困境. * They made it difficult for me to see her. 他们从中作梗, 让我不易见到她. * 13 is a difficult age, ie Children have problems then. 13岁是个出麻烦的年龄. 2 (of people) not easy to please or satisfy; unwilling to co-operate （指人）不易取悦的, 不易满足的, 不易相处的, 不愿合作的, 执拗的: * a difficult child, customer, boss, etc 难哄的小孩、 难对付的顾客、 难讨好的上司 * Don't be difficult: * just lend us the money. 别难为人了, 还是把钱借给我们罢. 3 (idm 习语) easy/difficult of approach => approach.

difficulty
[5difikElti; 5difE7kElti] n 1 [U] ~ (in sth/in doing sth) state or quality of being difficult; trouble or effort that sth involves 困难; 艰难; 困难性; 难度: * the sheer difficulty of the task 这项任务的高难度 * Bad planning will lead to difficulty later. 计划不善会给今後带来困难. * do sth with/without difficulty 费劲地[不费劲地]做某事 * She got the door open, but only with some difficulty. 她倒是把门打开了, 但却花了些力气. * I had the greatest difficulty in persuading her. 我为了说服她, 费了好大的劲. * We had no difficulty (in) finding the house. 我们毫不费劲地找到了那所房子. 2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] difficult thing to do, understand or deal with 难做、 难懂、 难应付的事; 难事; 难点; 难题: * the difficulties of English syntax 英语句法的难点 * be working under some difficulty, ie in difficult circumstances 在艰苦的条件下工作 * She met with many difficulties when travelling. 她在旅行时遇到了许多伤脑筋的事. * financial difficulties, ie problems about money 财务困难 * We got into difficulty/difficulties with the rent, ie found it hard to pay. 我们付不出租钱了. * I want to marry her, but my parents are making/creating difficulties, ie making things hard for us. 我想娶她, 但我父母从中阻挠.

diffident
[5difidEnt; 5difEdEnt] adj ~ (about sth) not having or showing much belief in one's own abilities; lacking self-confidence 对自己的能力缺乏信心的; 露出怯态的; 缺乏自信的: * an able but diffident young student 能干但缺乏自信的青年学生 * Don't be so diffident about your talents. 别对自己的才能如此缺乏信心. > diffidence[-dEns; -dEns] n [U]. diffidently adv.

diffract
[di'frAkt; di'frAkt] v [Tn] break up (a beam of light) into a series of dark and light bands or into the coloured bands of the spectrum 使（一束光）衍射（即将 一束光分解为一系列明暗有别的光带或有色的光谱谱带, 旧作绕射）. > diffraction/di'frAkFn; di'frAkFEn] n [U].

diffuse
1[di'fju:z; di'fjuz] v 1 [Tn] spread (sth) all around; send out in all directions 散布; 传播: * diffuse a scent, an odour, light, heat, learning, knowledge 散发香气、 散发气味、 传送光、 传导热、 传授学问、 传播知识 * He diffuses enthusiasm all around him. 他热情奔放. * posters diffusing party propaganda 政党的宣传海报 * diffused lighting, ie not coming directly from one source 漫射光照明（非直接来自单一的光源）. 2 [I, Tn] (cause gases or liquids to) mix slowly 使（气体或液体）慢慢混合, 扩散: * A drop of milk diffused in the water, and it became cloudy. 一滴奶在水中扩散开来, 使水变得混浊不清了. 派生： diffusion/di'fju:Vn; di'fjuVEn] n [U] diffusing or being diffused 散布; 传播; 弥漫; 扩散: * the diffusion of knowledge through books and lectures 通过书本和授课进行的知识传播 * the diffusion of gases and liquids 气体和液体的扩散.

dig
1[dig; dig] v (-gg-; pt, pp dug/dQg; dQg] ) 1 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] use one's hands, a spade, a machine, etc to break up and move (earth, etc); advance by doing this 挖, 掘（泥土等）: * I spent the morning digging. 我整个上午都在不停地挖. * They are digging through the hill to make a tunnel. 他们正在凿山建一条隧道. * dig down into the soil 往土里深挖 * It is difficult to dig the ground when it is frozen. 地面冻住了就不易挖掘. * dig the soil away from the bottom of the wall 将墙根的泥挖出来. (b) [Tn] make (a hole, etc) by doing this 挖出（洞等）; 凿出; 打（洞）: * dig a pit, tunnel, shaft, etc 挖坑、 隧道、 升降井等. (c) [Ipr] ~ for sth search for (gold, etc) by doing this 采掘探寻（黄金等）; 探矿: * We are digging for mineral deposits. 我们正在掘地探矿. 2 (dated infml 旧, 口) (a) [Tn] enjoy (sth); appreciate 喜欢（某事物）; 欣赏: * I don't dig modern jazz. 我不喜欢现代爵士乐. (b) [I, Tn] understand (sth) 明白（某事物）; 懂: * I don't dig that crazy stuff. 我不懂那种没意思的玩意儿. * You dig? 你懂了吗? 3 (idm 习语) ,dig one's `heels/`toes in be stubborn; refuse to give in 固执已见; 寸步不让. dig sb in the ribs nudge or prod sb hard in the side 用肘碰或戳某人的肋部. dig one's own grave do sth which causes one's own downfall 自掘坟墓; 自取灭亡. 4 (phr v) dig in; dig into sth (infml 口) (begin to) eat hungrily or enthusiastically （开始）贪婪地吃, 津津有味地吃: * The food's ready, so dig in! 吃的弄好了, 放量吃罢! dig sth in; dig sth into sth (a) mix sth with soil by digging 在翻地时将某物混入土壤中: * The manure should be well dug in. 在翻地时应把肥料均匀地混入土壤中. (b) push or thrust sth into sth 推入; 插入; 戳进; 刺入: * dig a fork into a pie 用餐叉叉馅饼

dig1
* The rider dug his spurs into the horse's flank. 骑马者用靴刺戳了戳马的侧腹. * The dog dug its teeth in. 那只狗一口咬下去. dig oneself in (a) (military 军) (of soldiers) protect oneself by digging a trench, etc （指士兵）挖壕沟等以掩蔽自己, 挖掩体. (b) (infml 口) establish oneself securely (in a place, job, etc) （在职位、 工作等方面）使自己站稳脚跟, 巩固自己的地位: * He has dug himself in well at the college now. 如今他在学院已站住脚了. dig sb/sth out (of sth) (a) get sb/sth out by digging 挖出某人[某物]: * They dug the potatoes out (of the ground). 他们（从地里）挖出了马铃薯. * He was buried by an avalanche and had to be dug out. 他遇雪崩被埋住了, 得把他挖出来. (b) get sth by searching or study 搜出或钻研出某事物; 探索; 查明: * dig information out of books and reports 从书和报告中查找资料 * dig out the truth 探明实情. (c) (infml 口) take out (sth not easy to get at) 取出（不易找到的东西）; 翻出: * dig out an old photo from the drawer 从抽屉中翻出一张旧照片. dig sth over prepare (ground) thoroughly by digging 翻挖（土地）; 刨地: * dig the garden over 给花园翻地. dig sth up (a) break up (soil, etc) by digging 挖掘（泥土等）; 垦地: * dig up land for a new garden 为建一座新花园而垦地. (b) remove (sth) from the ground by digging 从地里挖出（某物）: * We dug up the tree by its roots. 我们将树连根挖起. (c) reveal and remove from the ground by digging (sth that has been buried or hidden) 从地里挖掘出（掩埋或藏起的东西）; 掘到: * An old Greek statue was dug up here last month. 上个月在这儿挖出了一尊古希腊雕像. (d) (fig 比喻) discover (information, etc); reveal sth 找出（情报等）; 透露某事: * Newspapers love to dig up scandal. 报纸就是爱把丑事儿揭出来.

digest
1[5daidVest; 5daidVest] n short condensed account; summary 摘要; 概要: * a digest of the week's news 一周新闻摘要.

digestion
[di'dVestFEn, dai-; dE'dVestFEn, dai-] n (a) [U] digesting 消化; 吸收; 领悟: * foods which aid digestion 助消化的食物. (b) [C usu sing 通常作单数] power of digesting food 消化能力; 消化力: * have a good/poor digestion 消化力强[弱].

digestive
[di'dVestiv, dai-; dE'dVestiv, dai-] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of digestion (of food) 消化（食物）的: * the digestive process, juices 消化过程、 消化液 * suffer from digestive trouble 患消化系统的疾病. 复合： di,gestive `biscuit (also digestive) (Brit) round, not very sweet, biscuit made from wholemeal flour 消化饼乾. di`gestive system organs of the body that digest food 消化系统. =>illus 见插图.

digger
[5digE(r); 5digl] n 1 person who digs 挖掘者; 采掘者. 2 mechanical excavator 挖掘机; 挖掘器. 3 (sl 俚) Australian or New Zealander, esp a soldier 澳大利亚人, 新西兰人（尤指士兵）.

digging
[5digiN; 5digiN] n 1 [U] action of digging 挖掘; 采掘. 2 diggings [pl] place where people dig for tin, gold, etc （开采锡、 黄金等的）矿场, 矿区.

digit
[5didVit; 5didVit] n 1 (mathematics 数) any of the ten Arabic numerals 0 to 9 （阿拉伯数字中）09的任何一个数字: * The number 57306 contains five digits. 57306是个五位数. 2 (anatomy 解) finger or toe 手指; 脚趾. 派生： digital[5didVitl; 5didVitl] adj 1 showing amounts by means of numbers 数字的; 数字显示的. 2 of fingers or toes 手指的; 脚趾的. ,digital `clock, ,digital `watch clock/watch that shows the time by digits rather than hands 数字式时钟[手表]. ,digital com`puter device that makes calculations, etc with data represented as a series of digits 数字计算机. Cf 参看 analogue computer (analogue). ,digital re`cording [C, U] (recording made by a) process of converting sound into a series of electrical pulses (representing binary digits) 数字录声（把声频信号变换成与二元数字相应的一串脉冲的过程及以此方式进行的录声）.

dignify
[5dignifai; 5dignE7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) (fml 文) 1 [Tn] make (sth) seem worthy or impressive; give dignity to 使（某事物）显得有尊严、 崇高; 给（某事物）增光: * a ceremony dignified by the presence of the ambassador 因大使光临而生辉的典礼. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (with sth) give an important-sounding name to sb/sth 用尊贵的名字称呼某人[某事物]; 美其名曰: * dignify a small collection of books with the name of library 藏书不多, 却美其名曰图书馆 * I wouldn't dignify this trash by calling it a novel. 这部劣等作品我是不会美称为小说的. 派生： dignified adj having or showing dignity 有尊严的; 高贵的; 显得高尚的; 高雅的; 庄严的: a dignified person, walk, bow 高贵的人、 庄重的步态、 高雅的鞠躬礼.

dignitary
[5dignitEri; - -teri; 5dignE7teri] n (fml 文) person with a high rank or position 显要人物; 权贵: * civic dignitaries, eg the mayor and councillors 市政要人（如市长和议员）.

dignity
[5dignEti; 5dignEti] n 1 [U] quality that earns or deserves respect; true worth 高尚的品质; 可贵的品质; 真正的价值; 尊严; 尊贵: * the dignity of labour 劳动的尊严 * Only a truly free person has human dignity. 只有真正自由的人才具有人的尊严. 2 [U] calm or serious manner or style 庄严的举止; 端庄的仪态: * She kept her dignity despite the booing. 尽管嘘声四起, 她依旧泰然自若. 3 [C] (fml 文) high or honourable rank, post or title 高位或显要职衔: * The Queen conferred the dignity of a peerage on him. 女王封他为贵族. 4 (idm 习语) be,neath one's `dignity (often ironic 常作反语) below one's social, moral, etc standards 有失身分、 尊严、 体面等: * Some husbands still think it beneath their dignity to do the shopping. 有些做丈夫的至今仍然认为让他们去买东西是件丢面子的事. ,stand on one's `dignity insist on behaving or being treated in a special way because one thinks oneself important （因自爱）保持尊严; （因自命不凡）摆架子: * She doesn't stand on her dignity and treat the rest of us as servants. 她没有端着架子把我们当作仆人对待.

digraph
[5daigra:f; - -grAf; 5daigrAf] n two letters that represent a single sound (eg sh/F; F] , ea/i:; i] in sheaf) 二合字母（代表一个单音的两个字母, 如sheaf中sh代表/F; F/ , ea代表/i:; i/）.

digress
[dai'gres; dai'gres] v [I, Ipr] ~ (from sth) turn or wander (from the main topic) in speech or writing 说话或写作时偏离（主题）; 离题: * Don't digress (from the subject) when lecturing. 讲课时不要岔开（主题）. 派生： digression/dai'greFn; dai'greFEn] n (a) [U] digressing 离题. (b) [C] passage, etc in which one digresses 题外话; 枝节内容: * If you'll allow a slight digression,... 请允许我说几句题外话....

dike
(also dyke)[daik; daik] n 1 ditch (for allowing water to flow away from land) 排水沟. 2 long wall of earth, etc (to keep back water and prevent flooding) （拦水防洪的）土堤, 堤坝. 3 ( sl 讳, 俚) lesbian, esp a masculine one 同性恋女子（尤指男性化者）. 派生： dike v [I, Tn] make or provide (sth) with a dike(1, 2) 建排水沟; 堤.

diktat
[5diktAt; dik'tat] n [C, U] (derog 贬) order, esp an unreasonable one, that must be obeyed 命令, 指令, 勒令（尤指不合理而又必须服从的）: * refuse to accept the foreign diktat 拒绝接受这道外国的苛刻命令.

dilapidated
[di'lApideitid; dE'lApE7detid] adj (of furniture, buildings, etc) falling to pieces; in a bad state of repair （指家具、 建 物等）残破的, 破烂的, 失修的: * a dilapidated chair, bed, etc 破椅子、 床等 * a dilapidated-looking car 破破烂烂的汽车. > dilapidation/di7lApi'deiFn; dE7lApE'deFEn] n [U]: * in a dreadful state of dilapidation 处於破败不堪的状态.

dilate
[dai'leit; dai'let] v 1 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become wider, larger or further open （使某物）扩大, 膨胀, 张大: * The pupils of your eyes dilate when you enter a dark room. 进入黑暗的房间时, 瞳孔就扩大. * The horse dilated its nostrils. 那匹马张大了鼻孔. 2 (phr v) dilate on sth (fml 文) speak or write about sth for a long time 详述某事; 铺叙某事: * a chapter in which she dilates on the benefits of vegetarianism 她详述素食好处的一章. 派生： dilation/dai'leiFn; dai'leFEn] n [U] dilating or being dilated 扩大; 膨胀; 张大; 详述.

dilatory
[5dilEtEri; - -tC:ri; 5dilE7tCri] adj (fml 文) (a) ~ (in doing sth) slow in acting 行动缓慢的; 迟缓的: * The Government has been dilatory in condemning the outrage. 政府迟迟才谴责是次暴行. (b) causing delay 拖拉的; 拖延的: * dilatory behaviour, actions, etc 拖拉的行为、 行动等. > dilatorily adv. dilatoriness n [U].

dilemma
[di'lemE, dai-; dE'lemE, dai-] n 1 situation in which one has to choose between two undesirable things or courses of action 进退两难的窘境; 进退维谷的困境: * be in/place sb in a dilemma 陷入[置某人於]进退两难之境. 2 (idm 习语) on the horns of a dilemma => horn.

dilettante
[7dili'tAnti; 7dilE'tAnti] n (pl ~s or -ti[-ti:; -ti] ) (often derog 常作贬义) person who studies or does sth, but without serious interest or understanding 浮泛的涉猎者; 浅尝辄止者: * a musical dilettante 粗通音乐的人. > dilettantish[-'tAntiF; -'tAntiF] adj: * a dilettantish follower of the arts 蜻蜒点水般学艺术的人.

diligence
[5dilidVEns; 5dilEdVEns] n [U] ~ (in sth/in doing sth) steady effort; careful hard work 不懈的努力; 勤勉; 勤奋; 认真刻苦: * She shows great diligence in her school work. 她做作业非常用功. * He pursues his aims with diligence. 他努力追求自己的奋斗目标.

diligent
[5dilidVEnt; 5dilEdVEnt] adj ~ (in sth/in doing sth) showing care and effort (in what one does); hard-working 认真刻苦的; 勤勉的; 勤奋的; 用功的: * a diligent worker, pupil, etc 勤奋的工作者、 学生等 * They're very diligent in keeping records. 他们做记录十分认真. > diligently adv.

dill
[dil; dil] n [U] herb with scented leaves and seeds used for flavouring pickles 莳萝; 小茴香.

dilly
dally

dilute
[dai'lju:t; - -'lu:t; dai'lut] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) 1 make (a liquid or colour) thinner or weaker (by adding water or another liquid) 使（液体）变稀; 使（颜色）变淡; 稀释; 冲淡; 搀水: * dilute wine with water 搀水把酒冲淡. 2 (fig 比喻) make (sth) weaker in force, effect, etc 削弱（某事物）的力量、 效果等; 使减色; 降低: * diluting standards in our schools 降低我们各校的水平. 派生： dilute adj (of acids, etc) weakened by diluting （指酸液等）稀释的, 冲淡了的, 搀水的: dilute sulphuric acid 稀硫酸. dilution/dai'lju:Fn; - -'lu:-; dai'luFEn] n (a) [U] diluting or being diluted 稀释; 冲淡. (b) [C] thing that is diluted 被稀释[冲淡]之物.

dim
[dim; dim] adj (-mmer, -mmest) 1 (a) where or which one cannot see well; not bright 光线暗淡的; 看不清的; 不光亮的; 昏暗的; 阴暗的: * a dim corridor with no windows 没有窗户的昏暗走廊 * the dim outline of buildings on a dark night 黑夜里建 物朦胧的轮廓 * reading by dim candle-light 就着微弱的烛光读书. (b) not clearly remembered; faint 记不清的; 记忆模糊的: * a dim memory/recollection 淡淡的记忆[回忆]. 2 (infml 口) (of people) lacking intelligence （指人）愚笨的. 3 (of the eyes, eyesight) not able to see well （指眼睛）看不清东西的; （视力）差的, 模糊的: * His sight is getting dim. 他的视力越来越差了. * eyes dim with tears 迷离的泪眼. 4 (idm 习语) dim and distant (joc 谑) long past 很久以前: * Once, in the dim and distant past, I was a student here. 我早八辈子的时候在这儿读过书. 派生： dim v (-mm-) [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become dim 变暗淡或模糊; 使（某事物）暗淡或模糊: The stage lights (were) dimmed, and the play's first act was over. 舞台灯光暗了下去, 这出戏的第一幕结束了. * Old age hasn't dimmed her memory. 她虽然年事已高, 但记忆并未模糊. dimly adv in a dim manner 暗淡地; 模糊地; 朦胧地; 迟钝地: a dimly-lit room 灯光微弱的房间 * I can dimly (ie only just) remember my fourth birthday. 我隐约记得自己过四岁生日时的情景. * react rather dimly to a question 回答问题时相当迟钝. dimness n [U]. 复合： `dim-wit n (infml 口) stupid person 笨蛋; 傻子. ,dim-`witted adj (infml 口) stupid 愚笨的.

dime
[daim; daim] n 1 coin of the US and Canada worth ten cents 美国、 加拿大的10分铸币. =>App 4 见附录4. 2 (idm 习语) a ,dime a `dozen (infml 口) nearly worthless or very common 几乎一文不值的; 极便宜的; 很普通的: * Novels like this one are a dime a dozen: * write something original! 这样的小说多得很, 还是写些新鲜的东西罢!

dimension
[di'menFn, dai-; dE'menFEn, dai-] n 1 [C, U] measurement of any sort (breadth, length, thickness, height, etc) （空间的）任何一种量度（宽度、 长度、 厚度、 高度等）: * What are the dimensions of the room? 这房间的面积是多少? =>App 4 见附录4. => illus 见插图. 2 dimensions [pl] size; extent 大小; 体积; 程度; 范围: * a creature of huge dimensions 体形庞大的动物 * (fig 比喻) I did not realized the dimensions of the problem. 我未曾意识到问题的严重程度. 3 [C] (fig 比喻) aspect 方面; 侧面: * There is a dimension to the problem that we have not discussed. 这问题还有一方面我们没讨论过. 派生： -dimensional[-FEnEl; -FEnl] (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having the specified number of dimensions ...维的; ...方面的: * A square is two-dimensional and a cube is three-dimensional. 正方形是二维的（平面的）, 而正六面体则是叁维的（立体的）. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: 1 It is sometimes difficult to decide whether length (adj long), width (adj wide) or depth (adj deep) is the correct term for a particular measurement. 对於物体某一边的量度, 在length (adj long)、 width (adj wide)或depth (adj deep)中选用哪个才对, 有时颇难确定. The measurements of a room or of a rectangular area or object are the length (measured along the longer sides) and the width (measured along the shorter sides) 量度房间或长方形的面积或物体, 用length（长度, 沿较长的边量得）和width（宽度, 沿较短的边量得）表示: The garage is 6 metres long and 3 metres wide. 汽车房长6米, 宽3米. When describing a piece of furniture that has a front and a back, both length and width can be used for the longer sides and depth is used for the measurement from front to back. 在形容一件有前後之分的家具时, length和width均可用以指较长的边, 而depth（深度）则指从前面到後面的尺寸. Length is generally used when the measurement of the front is much greater than that of the depth. 若前面的长短远远超过深度, 一般用length. *Width is used when the measurements of the front and of the depth are similar. 若前面的长短与深度相似, 则用width. (See illustration 见插图. )

dimension1
2 Compare wide and broad. 试比较wide和broad. Wide is the more general word but broad is used of parts of the body *wide适用范围较广, broad则特指身体的部位: a broad nose 大鼻子 * broad shoulders 宽阔的双肩. Otherwise it is more formal than wide and is often used, especially in literary language, to describe features of the landscape 在其他情况下, broad比wide更文雅, 尤其在文学语言中常用以描绘景色: a broad river 宽阔的河 * a broad expanse of unspoilt country 一片广袤的、 自然美未受破坏的郊野.

diminish
[di'miniF; dE'miniF] v [I, Tn] 1 (cause sth to) become smaller or less; decrease 变小; 变少; 使（某事物）变小; 使（某事物）变少; 缩小; 减少; 降低: * His strength has diminished over the years. 经过这许多年月, 他的体力不如从前了. * Nothing could diminish her enthusiasm for the project. 什麽也不能影响她对这项计划的热忱. * diminishing hopes, supplies, funds 逐渐渺茫的希望、 渐渐用完的物资、 渐渐枯竭的资金. 2 (fig 比喻) make (sb/sth) seem less important than it really is; devalue 减低（某人[某事物]的重要性; 贬低: * The opposition are trying to diminish our achievements. 反对党企图贬低我们的成就. 3 (music 音) decrease (an interval) by a semitone 将（音程）减半音: * a diminished seventh 减七度. 复合： di,minished responsi`bility (law 律) state of mind in which an accused person cannot be held fully responsible for a crime 减轻的刑事责任（被告因精神失常不能对其罪行完全负责）.

diminuendo
[di7minju'endEu; dE7minju'endo] adj, adv (music 音) of or with a gradual decrease in loudness 渐弱（的）; 音量逐渐减轻（的）: * a diminuendo passage 渐弱的乐节. > diminuendo n (pl ~s) (music 音) gradual decrease in loudness 渐弱.

diminution
[7dimi'nju:Fn; - -'nu:Fn; 7dimE'nuFEn] n (a) [U] diminishing or being diminished; reduction 变小; 变少; 缩小; 减少; 缩减: * the diminution of one's resources 资源的减少. (b) [C] amount of this; reduction 缩小量; 减少量: * hoping for a small diminution in taxes 希望税捐略微减少.

diminutive
[di'minjutiv; dE'minjEtiv] adj 1 unusually or remarkably small 小得出奇的; 特小的: * her diminutive figure 她那小小的身材. 2 (grammar) (of a suffix) indicating smallness （指後缀）表示小的. 派生： diminutive n word formed by the use of a suffix of this kind, eg eaglet (= a young eagle), kitchenette (= a small kitchen) 由这类後缀构成的词（如eaglet小雕, kitchenette小厨房）.

dimity
[5dimiti; 5dimEti] n [U] type of cotton cloth woven with raised strips or designs, used for bed covers, curtains, etc 凸纹棉布, 提花布（用作床罩、 帷幕等）.

dimmer
[5dimE(r); 5diml] n (also `dimmer switch) device with which one can vary the brightness of an electric light 调光器; 变光器.

dimple
[5dimpl; 5dimpl] n (a) small natural hollow in the chin or cheek (either permanent, or which appears eg when a person smiles) （下巴或脸颊上自然的）小窝, 酒窝, 靥. (b) slight hollow on a surface (esp of glass or water) 浅凹（尤指玻璃表面的小坑或水面的波纹）. 派生： dimple v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) form dimples （使某物）出现酒窝, 形成浅坑, 起波纹: Her cheeks dimpled as she smiled. 她一笑, 脸上露出了酒窝. * The surface of the water was dimpled by the breeze. 轻风拂动水面, 荡起了涟漪.

din
[din; din] n [U, sing] continuing loud confused noise 持续的嘈杂声; 不停的喧闹: * They made so much din that I couldn't hear you. 他们太吵了, 我听不见你说的话. * Don't make such a din! 别吵啦! * make/kick up a din 大闹一场. 派生： din v (-nn-) 1 (idm 习语) din in sb's ears sound or echo in one's ears 在耳中轰鸣; 在耳中回响; 聒耳: They drove away from the city centre, the roar of the traffic still dinning in their ears. 他们驶出了市中心, 但车来人往的喧嚣声仍在耳中回响. 2 (phr v) din sth into sb tell sb sth again and again in a forceful way 向某人再叁强调某事; 就某事反覆叮嘱某人: I dinned it into him that he had to manage things differently. 我叁番五次告诉他得改一改处理事情的方法了.

dine
[dain; dain] v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (on sth) (fml 文) eat dinner 进餐; 用饭: * We dined on smoked salmon. 我们晚餐吃的是熏 鱼. 2 [Tn] (fml 文) give a dinner for (sb) 设宴款待（某人）; 宴请（某人）; 请（某人）吃饭: * We're dining the ambassador this week. 我们本星期宴请大使. 3 (idm 习语) wine and dine => wine v. 4 (phr v) dine out dine away from one's home (eg at a restaurant or in the home of friends) 在外吃饭, 出去吃（如在饭馆或朋友家）; 下馆子. 复合： `dining-car n railway carriage in which meals are served 餐车. `dining-room n room in which meals are eaten 饭厅; 餐室; 餐厅. `dining-table n table used for eating on 餐桌; 饭桌. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xvi.

diner
[5dainE(r); 5dainl] n 1 person eating dinner 吃饭的人; 就餐者; 餐馆顾客. 2 dining-car on a train 餐车. 3 (US) small restaurant, usu beside a highway 小饭馆（通常位於公路边者）.

dinette
[dai'net; dai'net] n (esp US) small room or part of a room, esp a kitchen, used for eating 小饭厅; 厨房或其他房间内辟作吃饭用的一部分地方.

ding
dong

dinghy
[5diNgi; 5diNgi] n (a) any of various types of small open boat 无篷小船; 小艇: * a sailing dinghy 小帆船. (b) inflatable rubber boat (used esp for rescuing passengers from ships and aircraft) 充气式橡皮艇; 橡皮救生艇. =>illus 见插图. Cf 参看 yacht.

dingle
[5diNgl; 5diNgl] n deep hollow in the landscape, usu with trees 深谷（通常有树木）.

dingo
[5diNgEu; 5diNgo] n (pl ~es) wild Australian dog 澳洲野犬.

dingy
[5dindVi; 5dindVi] adj (-ier, -iest) dirty-looking; not cheerful or bright; drab 肮脏的; 邋遢的; 无生气的; 无光泽的; 暗淡的; 昏黑的; 死气沉沉的: * a dingy room in a cheap hotel 低级旅馆中又黑又脏的房间 * a dingy manufacturing town 污浊的工业小镇. > dingily adv. dinginess n [U].

dining
=> dine.

dinky
[5diNki; 5diNki] adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) (a) (Brit) small and attractively neat 小巧的; 精致的: * What a dinky little hat! 多漂亮的小帽子! * a dinky red car 精致的红色小汽车. (b) (US) small and insignificant 不起眼的; 无足轻重的.

dinner
[5dinE(r); 5dinl] n 1 [C, U] main meal of the day, whether eaten at midday or in the evening 正餐（一日间的主餐, 中午或晚上吃均可）: * It's time for dinner. 该吃饭了. * Have you had dinner yet? 你吃过饭了吗? * (US) Did you eat dinner yet? 你吃过饭了吗? * She didn't eat much dinner. 她这顿饭没吃多少. * I never eat a big dinner. 我向来饭量不大. * They're at (ie eating) dinner. 他们正在用餐. * four dinners at 10 per person 四客饭, 每客10英镑 * Shall we ask him to dinner? 我们请她吃饭好吗? =>Usage 见所附用法. 2 [C] (a) (usu large) formal social gathering at which this meal is eaten （通常指大型的）宴会: * A dinner was given for the ambassador. 宴请大使. (b) (also `dinner-party) private social gathering where this meal is eaten 宴会: * give a dinner for friends 设宴招待朋友. 3 (idm 习语) a dog's breakfast/dinner => dog1. 复合： `dinner-jacket n (Brit) (US tuxedo) jacket, usu black, worn with a bow-tie and (usu) matching trousers at formal occasions in the evening （男用）晚礼服. `dinner service, `dinner set set of plates, dishes, etc for dinner 成套餐具. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: The use of the terms lunch, dinner, supper and tea varies between social classes in Britain and to some extent between regions. 在英国, 因社会阶层不同, lunch、 dinner、 supper、 tea这四个词的用法也不尽相同, 而且在一定程度上亦有地区性差别. If the midday meal is called lunch, the evening meal is dinner or supper. 若午餐称作lunch, 则晚餐即为dinner或supper. *In this case tea consists of a drink and cake or biscuits in the afternoon. 在这种情况下, tea则指下午的茶点, 包括饮料和糕点、 饼乾之类. If the midday meal is called dinner then the evening meal is tea or supper. 若午餐称作dinner, 则晚餐即是tea或supper. *In this case supper may be a light snack before bedtime. 这时, supper可能指临睡前吃的夜宵. At school, children have school dinner/lunch at midday or they may take a packed/sandwich lunch with them. 在校学生中午吃的要麽是school dinner/lunch（学校午餐）, 要麽是自己带去的packed sandwich lunch（盒装[叁明治]午餐）.

dinosaur
[5dainEsC:(r); 5dainE7sCr] n large extinct reptile 恐龙.

dint
[dint; dint] n 1 = dent. 2 (idm 习语) by dint of sth by means of sth 凭借某事物的力量; 通过某事物的作用: * He succeeded by dint of hard work. 他通过辛勤努力获得成功.

diocese
[5daiEsis; 5daiE7sEs] n district for which a bishop is responsible 主教管区; （某主教的）教区. 派生： diocesan/dai'Csisn; dai'asEsn] adj of a diocese 主教管区的; 教区的.

dioxide
[dai'Cksaid; dai'aksaid] n [U] (chemistry 化) oxide formed by combining two atoms of oxygen and one atom of another element 二氧化物: * carbon dioxide 二氧化碳.

dip
1[dip; dip] v (-pp-) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (into sth); ~ sth (in) put or lower sth into a liquid 将某物放入或伸入液体中; 浸; 泡; 蘸: * Dip your pen (into the ink). 将钢笔（在墨水中）蘸一蘸. * Dip your fingers in to see how hot the water is. 把手指伸进水里看有多热. * dip sheep, ie immerse them in a liquid that disinfects them or kills vermin 给羊洗药浴 * dip candles, ie make them by dipping a wick into melted fat 浸制蜡烛 * to dip a garment, ie put it in a liquid dye to change its colour 浸染衣服. 2 [I, Ipr, Ip] go below a surface or level 下降到某一平面以下; 下跌到某一高度[水平]以下: * The birds rose and dipped in flight. 鸟儿在飞行中时高时低. * The sun dipped (down) below the horizon. 太阳落到地平线下了. 3 [I, Tn, Tn.pr] (cause sth to) go down and then up again （使某物）向下再向上; （使某物）下降後再上升: * The branches dipped in the wind. 树枝在风中上下颤动着. * dip the headlights of a car, ie lower their beams (so as not to dazzle the driver of another car) 将汽车前灯的远光调为近光（改用低位光束, 以免使另一辆车上的驾驶者眼花） * Dip your head under the low arch. 在低矮的门拱下要低头. 4 [I, Ip] slope downward 向下倾斜: * The land dips (down) gently to the south. 这块地微微向南倾. 5 (phr v) dip into sth (a) take money from (eg one's savings) 从（如自己的储蓄）中取出钱: * dip into one's purse, ie spend money 掏腰包（花钱）. (b) make a brief study of (a book, an author, etc) 翻阅, 浏览（书、 某作者的作品等）: * I've only had time to dip into the report. 这份报告我只来得及浏览了一遍. 复合： `dip-stick n rod for dipping into a tank or some other container to measure the depth of the liquid in it (esp oil in the sump of an engine) 浸量尺; （尤指测量发动机润滑油的）量油尺. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xii.

dip1
`dip-switch n (Brit) switch for dipping a motor vehicle's headlights 调节汽车前灯远近光的开关; 汽车大灯调光开关.

diphtheria
[dif'WiEriE; dif'WiriE] n [U] serious contagious disease of the throat causing difficulty in breathing 白喉.

diphthong
[5difWCN; - -WC:N; 5difWCN] n union of two vowel sounds or vowel letters, eg the sounds/ai; ai] in pipe/paip; paip] , the letters ou in doubt 二合元音, 复合元音, 双元音（如pipe/paip; paip] 中的/ aI; aI/音）; 复合元音字母（如doubt中的ou）. Cf 参看 monophthong.

diploma
[di'plEumE; di'plomE] n (abbr 缩写 Dip) certificate awarded for passing an examination, completing a course of study, etc 毕业证书; 毕业文凭: * a diploma in architecture 建 学文凭.

diplomacy
[di'plEumEsi; di'plomEsi] n [U] 1 management of relations between countries by each country's representatives abroad; skill in this 外交; 外交手段; 外交手腕; 外交术: * International problems must be solved by diplomacy, not war. 国际问题应通过外交途径来解决, 不应诉诸战争. 2 art of or skill in dealing with people; tact 处理人际关系的方法、 技巧; 交际手腕; 处世之道.

diplomat
[5diplEmAt; 5diplE7mAt] n 1 person in the diplomatic service, eg an ambassador 外交官（如大使）; 外交家. 2 person clever at dealing with people; tactful person 通权达变的人; 有交际手腕的人; 机智练达的人.

diplomatic
[7diplE'mAtik; 7diplE'mAtik] adj 1 of diplomacy(1) 外交的: * settle disputes by diplomatic means 通过外交手段解决纷争. 2 tactful; having or showing diplomacy(2) 圆通的; 灵活变通的; 有手腕的; 策略的: * a diplomatic answer, move, etc 很策略的回答、 一步等 * be diplomatic in dealing with people 与人打交道老练得体. > diplomatically[-kli; -kli] adv. 复合： ,diplomatic `bag any container for official letters, goods, etc sent to or from an embassy 外交邮袋; 外交信袋. diplo`matic corps all the ambassadors and embassy staff in a country 外交使节团. diplo,matic im`munity privilege granted to diplomatic staff working abroad, by which they may not be arrested, taxed, etc 外交豁免权; 外交特权. diplo`matic service all the officials who conduct a country's diplomacy 外交部门.

diplomatist
[di'plEumEtist; di'plomEtist] n (fml 文) = diplomat.

dipper
[5dipE(r); 5dipl] n 1 cup-shaped container with a long handle, for ladling out liquids 长柄杓. 2 type of diving bird 河乌（一种潜水鸟）. Cf 参看 plough 2.

dipsomania
[7dipsE'meiniE; 7dipsE'meniE] n [U] extreme dependence on alcoholic drink 嗜酒狂; 间发性酒狂. 派生： dipsomaniac[7dipsE'meiniAk; 7dipsE'meni7Ak] n, adj (person) suffering from dipsomania 间发性酒狂患者; 嗜酒狂的.

diptych
[5diptik; 5diptik] n painting or carving, esp on an altar, on two hinged panels that can be closed like a book 折合式双连画, 折合式双连雕刻品（尤指置於圣坛上者）.

dire
[5daiE(r); dair] adj 1 (fml 文) dreadful; terrible 可怕的; 极糟的: * a dire situation, crisis, etc 可怕的处境、 严重的危难 * The firm is in dire straits (ie in a very difficult situation) and may go bankrupt. 这商行已陷入岌岌可危的境地, 可能要破产了. * (joc 谑) The film we saw was absolutely dire! 我们看的那部电影差劲透了! 2 (infml 口) extreme 极端的: * We're in dire need of your help. 我们太需要你的帮助了.

direct
1[di'rekt, dai-; dE'rekt, dai-] adj 1 [esp attrib 尤作定语] (going) straight; not curved or crooked; not turned aside 直的; 笔直的; 径直的: * follow a direct course, route, etc 沿笔直的航线、 路线等行进 * a direct flight, ie without stopping or changing planes 直飞航班 * a direct train, ie that goes to a passenger's destination without stopping beforehand 直达列车 * a direct hit/shot, ie not turned aside by hitting sth else first 直接命中 * the direct rays of the sun, ie not reflected from or screened by sth 直射的阳光. 2 (a) with nothing or no one in between; immediate 直接的; 当中没有其他事物的; 不经其他人的; 亲自的; 最接近的: * a direct result, link, connection 直接的结果、 关系、 联系 * I'm in direct contact with the hijackers. 我与罧机者保持着直接的联系. (b) (of descent in a family) passing through sb's children, grandchildren, etc, rather than through his brothers, sisters, cousins, etc （指家族血统）直系的: * She descends in a direct line from the country's first President. 她是这个国家的首任总统的直系後裔. 3 straightforward; frank 率直的; 坦率的; 坦白的; 直言的: * a direct person, manner, answer 直性子的人、 坦率的态度、 直截了当的回答 * She has a direct way of speaking. 她说话直爽. * He is very direct, so you always know what his real views are. 他为人很直率, 所以总能知道他的真实想法. 4 [attrib 作定语] exact; complete 恰好的; 完全的: * the direct opposite 截然相反的事物 * Your reply today is in direct contradiction to what you said last week. 你今天的答覆跟你上星期说的恰好相反. Cf 参看 indirect. 派生： direct adv 1 without interrupting a journey; using a straight route 中途不停地; 径直地; 笔直地: The train goes there direct. 这趟列车直达那里. 2 with no one in between; personally 亲自地; 直接地: I prefer to deal with him direct. 还是我直接跟他打交道为好.

direct1
directness [U] n. 复合： di,rect `access (computing 计) = random access (random). di,rect `action use of strikes, violence, etc instead of negotiation to achieve one's demands 直接行动（用罢工、 暴力等方式而不经协商来达到目的）. di,rect `current (abbr 缩写 DC) electric current flowing in one direction 直流电. Cf 参看 alternating current (alternate2). di,rect `debit order to a bank that allows sb else to withdraw agreed amounts of money from one's account on agreed dates, esp to pay bills 直接借记. Cf 参看 standing order (standing). di,rect `object (grammar) noun, noun phrase or noun clause which is directly affected by the action of a verb 直接宾语. Cf 参看 object1 5. di,rect `speech (use of a) speaker's actual words 说话者的原话; 原话的直接引用; 直接引语. di`rect tax tax that one pays direct to the Government (eg income tax) rather than eg sales tax which is paid to the seller before being passed on 直接税.

direction
[di'rekFn, dai-; dE'rekFEn, dai-] n 1 (a) [C] course taken by a moving person or thing; way that a person or thing looks or faces 方向: * Tom went off in one direction and Harry in another. 汤姆朝一个方向走, 哈里则朝另一个方向走. * The aircraft was flying in a northerly direction. 飞机正在向北飞去. * The signpost points in a westerly direction. 路标指向西. * When the police arrived, the crowd scattered in all directions. 警察一到, 人群就向四面八方散开了. (b) [C] (fig 比喻) way in which sb/sth develops or is developed 趋向; 趋势; 动向: * new directions in current research 当前研究的新动向 * That is the present direction of government thinking. 这就是如今政府考虑问题的取向. * We're making changes in various directions, ie of various types. 我们正在多方面进行改革. 2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] information or instructions about what to do, where to go, how to do sth, etc 指南; 指示; 说明书; 用法说明; 操作说明: * Simple directions for assembling the model are printed on the box. 盒上印有装配模型的简要说明. * I gave him full directions to enable him to find the house. 我向他作了详细说明, 好让他能找到那房子. 3 directions [pl] address on a letter, parcel, etc （信件、 包裹等上的）姓名地址: * The parcel was returned to the sender because the directions were incorrect. 包裹因姓名地址有误而退给了寄件人. 4 [U] management; supervision; guidance 管理; 监督; 指导; 指点: * He did the work under my direction. 他在我的指导下做这件事. * She was entrusted with the direction of the project. 她受委托负责这项计划. * He feels the need for firm direction, ie wants sb to guide and advise him. 他感到需要有人好好地指点自己. 派生： directional[-FEnl; -FEnl] adj of direction in space 方向的; 定向的: * a directional aerial, ie one that transmits or receives radio signals in one direction only 定向天线.

direction1
复合： di`rection-finder n radio device that shows the direction from which radio signals are coming 无线电测向仪.

directive
[di'rektiv, dai-; dE'rektiv, dai-] n official instruction 正式的指示; 官方的指示; 指令: * a directive from headquarters calling for increased output 总部要求提高产量的指示.

directly
[di'rektli, dai-; dE'rektli, dai-] adv 1 in a direct line or manner; straight 径直地; 直接地; 坦率地; 直爽地: * He looked directly at us. 他正视着我们. * directly in front of me 在我的正前方 * She's directly responsible to the Minister. 她直接受部长领导. * She speaks very directly to people. 她对人说话非常直率. * directly opposite 正好相反. 2 (a) at once; immediately 立即; 马上: * Come in directly. 立刻进来吧. (b) in a short time 不久; 很快地: * I'll be there directly. 我很快就到. 派生： directly conj as soon as 一俟; 一...就...: I went home directly I had finished work. 我一干完活就回家了.

director
[di'rektE(r), dai-; dE'rektl, dai-] n 1 (a) person who manages, esp as a member of a board1(7), the affairs of a business company 主管; （尤指）董事. (b) person who is in charge of an institution, a college, etc （事业机构、 学院等的）负责人; 署长; 厅长; 局长; 处长; 院长; 校长; 所长; 主任: * the orchestra's musical director 乐团的音乐总监. 2 person in charge of a film, play, etc who supervises and instructs the actors, camera crew and other staff 导演. Cf 参看 producer 2. 派生： directorship n (a) position of a director 主管（如董事、 局长、 主任等）职位; 导演的职位. (b) time during which a director holds his position 主管任期; 担任导演的期间. 复合： di,rector-`general n main administrator of a large organization （大机构的）主要管理者; 总裁; 总监; 总干事.

directorate
[di'rektErEt, dai-; dE'rektErit, dai-] n 1 position or office of a director 主管（如董事、 局长、 主任等）职位或职务; 导演的职位或职务. 2 board of directors 董事会; 理事会.

directory
[di'rektEri, dai-; dE'rektEri, dai-] n (book with a) list of telephone subscribers, business firms, etc of an area, or members of a profession, etc, usu arranged alphabetically 电话簿; 商行名录; 人名地址录.

dirge
[dE:dV; dEdV] n (a) song sung at a burial or for a dead person 挽歌. (b) (infml derog 口, 贬) mournful song 忧伤的歌; 哀歌.

dirigible
[5diridVEbl; 5dirEdVEbl] n old-fashioned air balloon 旧式充气飞艇.

dirk
[dE:k; dEk] n (Scot 苏格兰) type of dagger 一种短剑.

dirndl
[5dE:ndl; 5dEndl] n dress with a full wide skirt and a close-fitting bodice 紧身连衣裙.

dirt
[dE:t; dEt] n [U] 1 matter that is not clean (eg dust, soil, mud), esp when it is where it is not wanted (eg on the skin, on clothes, in buildings) 污垢; 灰尘; 尘垢; 脏土; 污泥: * His clothes were covered with dirt. 他的衣服蒙上了灰尘. * How can I get the dirt off the walls? 我怎样才能把墙上的污垢去掉呢? 2 loose earth or soil 松土; 散土: * a pile of dirt beside a newly-dug trench 在新挖的沟渠旁的一堆土. 3 (infml 口) obscene thought or talk 下流想法; 下流话: * Be quiet! We don't want to hear that kind of dirt! 别说了! 我们不想听那种下流话! 4 (infml 口) excrement 排泄物; 粪便; 屎: * a pile of dog dirt on the road 路上的一堆狗屎. 5 (infml 口) malicious gossip 恶意中伤的闲话: * He likes to hear all the dirt about his colleagues. 他就爱听有关同事的流言蜚语. 6 (idm 习语) (as) cheap/common as `dirt (infml derog 口, 贬) vulgar; low-class 低贱的; 下贱的: * Don't invite her! She's as common as dirt. 别请她来! 她是个贱货. dish the dirt => dish2. fling/throw dirt at sb say slanderous things about sb 说某人坏话; 给某人脸上抹黑. treat sb like dirt/a dog => treat. 复合： ,dirt `cheap (infml 口) very cheap(ly) 非常便宜（的）. `dirt farmer (US) farmer who does all his own work, without hired help 自耕农. ,dirt `road (US) unpaved country road, made of earth or gravel that has been pressed down 泥路; 土路; 石子路. `dirt-track n track made of cinders, etc (eg for motor-cycle races) 用煤渣等铺的跑道（如用於摩托车比赛的）.

dirty
1[5dE:ti; 5dEti] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 (a) not clean; covered with dirt 肮脏的; 龌龊的; 污秽的; 有尘垢的: * dirty hands, clothes, floors 脏的手、 衣服、 地板. (b) causing one to be dirty 将人弄脏的: * a dirty job 肮脏的工作 * dirty work 脏活. 2 (of the weather) rough; stormy （指天气）恶劣的, 糟糕的; 风雨交加的: * I'm glad I don't have to go out on such a dirty night. 我庆幸自己不必在天气这样恶劣的夜晚外出. 3 [attrib 作定语] (of colours) not bright or clear （指颜色）不鲜艳的, 暗淡的: * a dirty brown sofa 暗褐色的沙发. 4 obscene 下流的; 黄色的: * dirty book, joke, etc 下流的书、 笑话等 * You've got a dirty mind, ie You have impure thoughts. 你满脑子下流事. 5 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (infml 口) unfair; underhand 不公正的; 卑劣的; 不光明正大的; 阴险的: * That's a dirty lie! 胡说八道! * You dirty rat! How could you do a thing like that? 你这个不要脸的东西, 这种事你都做得出? * That was a mean and dirty thing to do! 做出那种事真够卑鄙无耻的! 6 (idm 习语) a dirty old man (infml 口) older man who takes an unhealthy interest in sex, or in young girls as sexually attractive 老色鬼; 老淫棍. a dirty weekend (esp joc 尤作戏谑语) weekend spent intimately (and often illicitly) with a sexual partner 风流的周末（与性伴侣 混）. (be) a dirty `word thing or idea that is disliked or not respected 不喜欢的或不正经的事物或想法: * My children think that work is a dirty word! 我的孩子都觉得工作顶讨厌! (do sb's) `dirty work (do) the tasks that sb else does not like or cannot face （做）他人不想做或难以应付的工作: * I had to tell them they'd lost their jobs: * I always have to do the boss's dirty work (for him). 我得对他们说他们被开除了, 我总得替老板（出面）做这种倒霉事儿. do the dirty on sb cheat or betray sb 欺骗某人; 出卖某人; 耍弄某人; 对某人玩花招. give sb/get a dirty `look look at sb disapprovingly or in disgust 厌恶地看着某人[遭人白眼]. wash one's dirty linen in public => wash2.

dirty1
派生： dirtily adv. dirty adv 1 (infml 口) very 很; 非常: He was carrying a dirty great box. 他提着一只大得不得了的箱子. 2 (idm 习语) talk dirty => talk.

dis-
pref 前缀 (with adjs, advs, ns and vs 後与形容词、 副词、 名词、 动词结合) negative, reverse or opposite of 表示否定、 相反或相对: dishonest * disagreeably * disagreement * disengage. =>Usage at un- 用法见un.

disability
[7disE'bilEti; 7disE'bilEti] n 1 [U] state of being disabled; incapacity 无能力; 丧失能力; 伤残: * Physical disability causes mental anguish. 生理伤残会引起心理苦闷. 2 [C] thing that disables; lack of sth necessary 导致丧失能力的事物; 残疾; 缺乏必需的条件: * She swims well despite her disabilities. 她虽然身有残疾, 却是个游泳好手. * Her lack of experience is a severe disability. 她缺乏经验, 这是个很不利的条件. * [attrib 作定语] a disability pension 伤残补助费; 伤残抚恤金.

disable
[dis'eibl; dis'ebl] v [Tn] make (sb) unable to do sth, esp by making a limb or limbs useless 使（某人）丧失能力; 使（某人）残废（尤指肢体）: * a soldier disabled by leg wounds 腿部受伤致残的士兵. 派生： disabled adj unable to use a limb or limbs 丧失使用肢体能力的; 肢体有残疾的: a disabled child in a wheelchair 坐轮椅的残疾儿童. the disabled n [pl v] people who are disabled 残疾人; 伤残人: walking aids for the disabled 帮助残疾人行走的器具. disablement n [U].

disabuse
[7disE'bju:z; 7disE'bjuz] v [Tn.pr] ~ sb of sth (fml 文) free sb of (false ideas) 去掉某人的（错误想法）; 纠正; 矫正: * disabuse sb of mistaken notions, false assumptions, etc 使某人去掉错误的观点、 错误的设想等.

disadvantage
[7disEd'va:ntidV; - -'vAn-; 7disEd'vAntidV] n 1 unfavourable condition; thing that tends to prevent sb succeeding, making progress, etc 不利条件; 阻碍成功、 进步等的事物; 不便之处: * The other candidate's main disadvantage is her age. 另一候选人的主要不利条件是她的年龄问题. * The lack of decent public transport is a great disadvantage. 没有适当的公共交通工具是很不方便的. 2 (idm 习语) put sb/be at a disadvantage put sb/be in an unfavourable position 置某人於[处於]不利境地: * His inability to speak French puts him at a disadvantage. 他不会说法语, 这使他很吃亏. to sb's disadvantage (fml 文) damaging sb or his reputation; causing some loss to sb 对某人不利; 有损声誉; 使某人吃亏: * rumours to his disadvantage, eg that discredit him 对他不利的谣言（如有损其名誉者） * It would be to your disadvantage to invest in the project, ie You might lose money. 你在这项工程上投资, 可能要吃亏. 派生： disadvantaged adj socially or economically deprived 社会地位低下的; 卑贱的; 贫困的; 贫贱的: More state help is needed for the disadvantaged sections of the community. 国家需要向社区的贫困阶层提供更多救济. the disadvantaged n [pl v] people who are disadvantaged 社会底层的人: appeals on behalf of the disadvantaged 为社会底层的人所作的呼吁. disadvantageous[7disAdva:n'teidVEs; - -vAn-; dis7AdvAn'tedVEs] adj ~ (to sb) causing a disadvantage不利的; 引起不方便的: * in a disadvantageous position 处於不利的境地. disadvantageously adv.

disaffected
[7disE'fektid; 7disE'fektid] adj discontented; disloyal 不满的; 不忠的: * Disaffected members have left to form a new party. 那些不忠分子脱党另组了一个新党. 派生： disaffection[7disE'fekFn; 7disE'fekFEn] n [U] discontent that often leads to disloyalty （常为导致不忠的）不满, 离心离德.

disafforest
[7disE'fCrist; - -'fC:r-; 7disE'fCrist] v [Tn] = deforest.

disagree
[7disE'gri:; 7disE'gri] v (pt, pp -reed) 1 [I, Ipr] (a) ~ (with sb/sth) (about/on sth) have a different opinion (from sb); not agree 持（与某人）不同的观点; （与某人）有分歧; 不同意: * Even friends sometimes disagree. 即便是朋友也有时意见不一. * disagree with sb/what sb says/sb's decision 不同意某人的观点[某人的话/某人的决定] * We disagreed on future plans. 我们对未来的计划产生了分歧. (b) ~ (with sth) not match; be different 不符; 不一致; 不同: * The reports from Rome disagree with those from Milan. 罗马的报道与米兰的不符. Cf 参看 agree. 2 (phr v) disagree with sb (of food, climate) have a bad effect on sb; cause sb to feel unwell （指食物、 气候）对某人有不良影响, 有害於某人, 使某人不舒服: * I feel sick: * that fish disagreed with me. 我感到恶心, 那条鱼吃得我不舒服.

disagreeable
[7disE'gri:Ebl; 7disE'griEbl] adj unpleasant令人不快的; 讨厌的; 不合意的; 扭的: * a disagreeable person, mood, experience 令人不愉快的人、 情绪、 经历. > disagreeableness n [U]. disagreeably[-EblI; -EblI/ adv.

disagreement
[7disE'gri:mEnt; 7disE'grimEnt] n 1 [U] ~ (about/on sth) disagreeing; lack of agreement 分歧; 不一致; 意见不合: * total disagreement on how to proceed 对於如何继续进行, 意见完全不同. 2 [C] instance of this; difference of opinion 分歧; 意见不合: * disagreements between colleagues 同事间的意见分歧.

disallow
[7disE'lau; 7disE'lau] v [Tn] refuse to accept (sth) as valid 不承认（某事物）有效; 不接受; 不准; 驳回: * disallow a claim, goal 不接受要求、 进球无效.

disappear
[7disE'piE(r); 7disE'pir] v 1 [I] (a) no longer be visible; vanish 消失; 失踪: * The plane disappeared behind a cloud. 飞机飞入云中不见了. * The rash soon disappeared. 疹子很快就消了. (b) stop existing 不复存在: * His anger soon disappeared. 他的怒气一会儿就消了. * The problem won't just disappear. 这问题不会就这样不了了之的. (c) be lost, esp without explanation 遗失（尤指无法解释的）: * My passport has disappeared: * it was in my pocket a moment ago. 我的护照丢了, 刚才还在口袋里呢. * (euph 婉) Things tend to disappear when he's around, ie He steals them. 只要有他在, 东西就爱丢. 2 (idm 习语) do a disappearing act disappear, esp when needed or being looked for 失去踪影（尤指被需要或寻找时）: * It's typical of Bob to do a disappearing act just when there's work to be done! 一有事情要做, 鲍勃就没人影儿了, 他就是这样! 派生： disappearance[-'piErEns; -'pirEns] n (a) [U] act or fact of disappearing 消失; 失踪; 丢失: * At first nobody noticed the child's disappearance. 起初谁都没有注意到小孩不见了. (b) [C] instance of sb disappearing, eg because he has been murdered or kidnapped 失踪（如被谋杀或绑架）; 失踪案: * Most disappearances are the result of the terrorist activity. 大多数的失踪案都是恐怖分子造成的.

disappoint
[7disE'pCint; 7disE'pCint] v [Tn] 1 fail to be or do sth as good, interesting etc as was hoped for or desired or expected by (sb) 使（某人）失望: * The tenor disappointed us by singing flat. 那位男高音歌手调门儿唱得很低, 十分扫兴. * I can't disappoint my public by retiring. 我可不能退休, 否则大家会失望的. * Don't disappoint me by being late again. 别再迟到了, 不要叫我失望. * I've often been disappointed in love, ie not been loved in return by sb I have loved. 我经常情场失意. 2 prevent (hope, plan, etc) from becoming reality 使（希望、 计划等）不能实现: * disappoint sb's expectations, sb's calculations, etc 使某人的希望破灭、 使某人的如意算盘落空. 派生： disappointed adj ~ (about/at sth); ~ (in/with sb/sth); ~ (to do sth/that...) sad or dissatisfied because sb has failed, some desired event has not happened, etc 失望的; 失意的; 受挫的: be disappointed about/at sb's failure 对某人的失败感到失望 * I was disappointed with his performance. 他的表现令我失望. * I'm disappointed in you: I expected you to win. 你让我失望了, 我本来指望你能赢的. * He was disappointed to hear they were not coming. 他听说他们不来了, 感到很扫兴. * I was disappointed not to be chosen. 我没被挑中, 感到很沮丧. disappointedly adv. disappointing adj causing sb to be disappointed 令人失望的; 扫兴的: a disappointing novel 令人失望的小说 * The weather this summer has been disappointing. 今年夏天的天气一直使人不痛快. disappointingly adv: Disappointingly, he had nothing new to show us. 他没什麽新鲜东西给我们看, 使人感到失望.

disappointment
[7disE'pCintmEnt; 7disE'pCintmEnt] n 1 [U] being disappointed 失望; 沮丧: * To our great disappointment, it rained on the day of the picnic. 使我们大失所望的是野餐那天下起雨来了. 2 [C] ~ (to sb) person or thing that disappoints 令人失望的人或事物: * Not getting the job was a terrible disappointment. 得不到那份工作, 叫人失望极了. * His children are a disappointment to him. 他的孩子让他感到失望.

disapprobation
[7dis7AprE'beiFn; 7disAprE'beFEn] n (fml 文) [U] disapproval 反对; 非难; 不准.

disapprove
[7disE'pru:v; 7disE'pruv] v [I, Ipr] ~ (of sb/sth) consider (sb/sth) to be bad, immoral, foolish, etc 认为（某人[某事物]）不好、 不道德、 不明智等; 不赞成; 反对: * She wants to be an actress, but her parents disapprove (of her intentions). 她想当演员, 但她父母不赞成（她的想法）. 派生： disapproval[-'pru:vl; -'pruvl] n [U] not approving (of sb/sth) 不赞同; 反对: * her disapproval of my methods 她对我所用的方式的反对 * He shook his head in disapproval, ie to show that he disapproved. 他摇了摇头表示反对. disapproving adj showing disapproval 表示反对的: a disapproving look, frown, etc 不以为然的样子、 皱起眉头表示不赞成. disapprovingly adv: When I suggested a drink, she coughed disapprovingly. 我提议喝一杯时, 她咳了一下表示反对.

disarm
[dis'a:m; dis'arm] v 1 [Tn] take weapons away from (sb) 缴（某人）的械; 解除（某人）的武装: * Five hundred rebels were captured and disarmed. 五百名造反者被俘获并缴了械. 2 [I] (of nations) reduce the size of or abolish one's armed forces; give up one's weapons （指国家）裁减军备, 裁军, 解除武装: * The superpowers are unlikely to disarm completely. 超级大国不太可能彻底裁军. 3 [Tn] make (sb) less suspicious, angry, hostile, etc 消除（某人）的疑虑、 怒气、 敌意等: * By frankly admitting he wasn't a brilliant player, he disarmed us all. 他坦率地承认自己并非高手, 让我们都放下心来. * I felt angry, but her smile disarmed me. 我动气了, 但她一笑, 又将我的气儿给消了. 派生： disarmament/dis'a:mEmEnt; dis'armEmEnt] n [U] disarming or being disarmed (disarm 2) 解除武装; 裁军: * nuclear disarmament, ie giving up nuclear weapons 核武器的裁减 * [attrib 作定语] a disarmament conference 裁军会议. disarming adj that disarms (disarm 3) 消解他人的疑虑、 怒气、 敌意等的: her disarming smile, frankness, charm, etc 她那能化敌为友的微笑、 坦率、 魅力等. disarmingly adv: disarmingly frank, honest, etc ....

disarrange
[7disE'reindV; 7disE'rendV] v [Tn] (fml 文) (a) make (sth) disorderly or untidy 使（某物）不整齐; 弄乱（某物）: * disarrange sb's papers, hair 弄乱某人的文件、 头发. (b) upset (sth); disturb 打乱（某事）; 扰乱: * Her sudden departure has disarranged my plans. 她突然离去, 打乱了我的计划. > disarrangement n [U].

disarray
[7disE'rei; 7disE're] n [U] state in which people or things are no longer properly organized 混乱; 紊乱: * The troops fled in disarray. 部队仓皇逃散. * Changing offices has left my papers in complete disarray. 办公室搬迁, 使我的文件全部乱了套了.

disassociate
= dissociate.

disaster
[di'za:stE(r); - -z'As-; diz'Astl] n 1 [C] (a) event that causes great harm or damage, eg a fire, a serious defeat, the loss of a large sum of money 灾难; 灾祸; 灾害: * Thousands died in the disaster. 数千人死於这场灾祸. * Losing your job needn't be such a disaster. 你不必把丢了工作看成是大难临头. * a natural disaster, ie an accident, such as an earthquake or a flood, that is not caused by human beings 自然灾害. (b) (infml 口) person or thing that is a complete failure 彻底失败的人或事物: * As a teacher, he's a disaster. 他是个很糟糕的教师. * The play's first night was a disaster. 这出戏头一晚就演砸了. 2 [U] failure 失败: * His career is a story of utter disaster. 他在事业上一事无成. 派生： disastrous/di'za:strEs; - -z'As-; diz'AstrEs] adj being or causing a disaster 灾难性的; 造成灾害的; 失败的: * disastrous floods 灾难性的洪水 * a defeat that was disastrous to the country 给国家带来灾难的一场败仗 * Buying this house was a disastrous step: * it's going to have a main road built behind it. 买下这所房子是一大失策, 因为房後就要建一条公路了. disastrously adv. 复合： di`saster area area affected by a disaster, eg an earthquake, floods, etc 灾区: declare a place a disaster area 宣布某地为灾区.

disavow
[7disE'vau; 7disE'vau] v [Tn] (fml 文) say one does not know of, is not responsible for, or does not approve of (sth) 否认, 不承认, 不赞成（某事）: * She disavows any part (ie says she was not involved) in the plot. 她否认参与了这一密谋. > disavowal[-'vauEl;-'vauEl] n [C, U].

disband
[dis'bAnd; dis'bAnd] v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) stop operating as an organization; break up （使组织、 机构等）解散, 散伙, 解体: * The regiment disbanded when the war was over. 战争结束後, 这个团就解散了. * disband a club, society, etc 解散俱乐部、 社团等. > disbandment n [U].

disbelieve
[7disbi'li:v; 7disbE'liv] v 1 [Tn] refuse to believe (sb/sth) 不相信（某人[某事物]）: * I disbelieve every word you say. 你说的我一句都不信. * You have no reason to disbelieve their account of what happened. 你不应该不信他们对事情经过的叙述. 2 [Ipr] ~ in sb/sth not accept the existence of (sth) 不相信（某事物）的存在: * disbelieve in ghosts 不相信有鬼. 派生： disbelief[7disbi'li:f; 7disbE'lif] n [U] lack of belief; failure to believe 不相信; 怀疑: * He listened in disbelief to this extraordinary story. 他满腹疑惑地听着这个离奇的故事. Cf 参看 unbelief.

disburse
[dis'bE:s; dis'bEs] v [Tn] (fml 文) pay out (money) 支付（钱）: * funds disbursed for travelling expenses 用於支付旅行费用的款子. 派生： disbursement n (fml 文) (a) [U] paying out money 支付; 支出. (b) [C] sum of money paid out 付出款; 支出额.

disc
(also esp US disk)[disk; disk] n 1 flat thin round plate, eg a coin 扁平的圆盘状物（如硬币） 2 small flat object of any shape 小的扁平物体: * He wears an identity disc round his neck. 他脖子上挂着身分牌儿. 3 round surface that appears to be flat 似扁平的圆面: * the moon's disc 月轮. 4 = record1 3: * recordings on disc and cassette 唱片和盒式磁带上的录音. 5 (anatomy 解) layer of cartilage between the bones of the spine 椎骨间的软骨层; 椎间盘: * a slipped disc, ie one that is slightly dislocated 突出的椎间盘（即轻微错位）. 复合： `disc brake brake which consists of a flat plate pressed against a rotating plate at the centre of a (car) wheel 盘式制动器. Cf 参看 drum brake (drum1). `disc harrow harrow with discs instead of teeth 圆盘耙（与钉耙相对）. `disc jockey (abbr 缩写 DJ) person who plays and comments on recorded popular music, esp on radio or TV 流行音乐节目主持人（尤指在广播或电视上）.

discard
[di'ska:d; dis'kard] v [Tn] (a) throw (sth) out or away 扔掉, 丢弃（某物）: * old, discarded clothes 扔掉的旧衣服. (b) stop using, wearing, etc (sth that is no longer useful) 不再使用, 不再穿戴（已没用的物品）: * discard one's winter clothes in spring 春天里换下冬装 * (fig 比喻) discard outdated beliefs 抛弃过时的信仰. (c) give up (unwanted playing-cards) 打出（无用的牌）; 出（牌）: * She discarded a four, and picked up a king. 她打出一张四点的牌, 抓起一张K. 派生： discard[5diska:d; 5diskard] n card or cards discarded in a card-game; discarded thing （在牌戏中）打出的牌; 废弃的东西.

discern
[di'sE:n; di'sEn] v [Tn] see (sth) clearly (with the senses or the mind), esp with an effort 看出, 识别, 辨认（某事物）（尤指需费力）: * In the gloom I could only just discern the outline of a building. 在黑暗中我只能依稀分辨出一座建 物的轮廓来. * One can faintly discern the flavour of lemon. 可以隐约觉得有一点柠檬味. * discern sb's true intentions 弄清某人的真实意图. 派生： discernible adj that can just be discerned 依稀可辨的. discerning adj (approv 褒) showing careful judgement 识别力强的; 有洞察力的: She is a very discerning art critic. 她是位眼光敏锐的艺术评论家. discernment n [U] ability to judge well; insight 识别能力; 洞察力.

discharge
1[dis'tFa:dV; dis'tFardV] v 1 [Tn] unload (a ship); unload (cargo) from a ship 从（船）上卸货; 将（货物）从船上卸下; 卸船. 2 [I, Tn] give or send out (liquid, gas, electric current, etc) 放出（液体、 气体、 电流等）; 排放: * The Nile discharges (ie flows) into the Mediterranean. 尼罗河流入地中海. * The sewers discharge (their contents) into the sea. 下水管道将污物排入大海. * Lightning is caused by clouds discharging electricity. 闪电是由云层放电产生的. * The wound is discharging (pus). 伤口正在流脓. 3 [Tn] (a) fire (a gun etc) 开（枪炮等）: * The rifle was discharged accidently. 步枪走火了. (b) launch (eg a flying weapon) 射出（如飞行武器）: * arrows discharged at the enemy 射向敌人的箭. 4 [Tn] give official permission for (sb) to leave, eg after he has carried out a duty 准许（某人）离开; 放行; 遣散; 释放: * discharge a soldier, patient, etc 批准士兵退伍、 准许病人出院 * The accused man was found not guilty and discharged. 被告男子被判无罪而获释. * The members of the jury were discharged. 陪审员都解散了. * a discharged bankrupt, ie sb who has been bankrupt, has done what the court requires, and has no further obligation to the court 解除债务的破产者（已执行法庭规定而无其他义务的破产者）. 5 [Tn] (fml 文) (a) pay (a debt) 清偿（债务）. (b) perform (a duty) 执行（任务）; 尽（职）: * She undertook to discharge all the responsibilities of a Minister. 她承担了做部长的所有责任.

disciple
[di'saipl; di'saipl] n follower of a religious, political, artistic, etc leader or teacher （宗教、 政治、 艺术等领袖人物或导师的）追随者, 门徒, 信徒.

disciplinarian
[7disEpli'neEriEn; 7disEplin'eriEn] n person who believes in strict discipline 严格执行纪律者; 严守纪律者: * a good/strict/poor disciplinarian 能[严格/不能]执行纪律者 * He's no disciplinarian, ie He does not or cannot maintain discipline. 他不能维持纪律.

discipline
1[5disiplin; 5disEplin] n 1 (a) [U] training, esp of the mind and character, aimed at producing self-control, obedience, etc 训练, 锻练, 磨练（尤指在智力和品德方面）: * school discipline 学校的训练 * Strict discipline is imposed on army recruits. 新兵受到严格的训练. * monastic discipline 僧侣的修行. (b) [U] result of such training; ordered behaviour, eg of schoolchildren, soldiers 纪律; 风纪: * The soldiers showed perfect discipline under fire. 士兵在枪林弹雨中严守军纪. * The children are happy at the school, but they lack discipline. 孩子们在学校里很快活, 但很散漫. 2 [C] (a) method by which training may be given 训练方式: * Yoga is a good discipline for learning to relax. 要学会身心松弛, 瑜珈功是一种有效的锻炼方法. (b) set rules for conduct 行为准则. 3 [U] punishment 处罚; 处分: * the teacher's cruel discipline 该教师施予的残酷处罚. 4 [C] branch of knowledge; subject of instruction 学科; 教学科目: * scientific disciplines 科学科目. 派生： disciplinary[5disiplinEri; - -neri; 5disEplin7eri] adj concerning discipline 有关训练的; 有关纪律的; 有关惩处的; 有关学科的: * disciplinary measures, problems, etc 纪律上的措施、 问题等 * a disciplinary hearing, eg of a soldier accused of an offence 惩戒审讯（如审问违纪士兵者）.

disclaim
[dis'kleim; dis'klem] v [Tn, Tg] say that one does not have (sth); renounce 声称没有（某事物）; 否认; 放弃: * The gang disclaimed all responsibility for the explosion, ie said they did not cause it. 这个匪帮声称与这次爆炸事件毫无关系. * She disclaimed ownership of the vehicle. 她放弃了这辆车的所有权. 派生： disclaimer n statement that disclaims 否认某事物的声明; 放弃某事物的声明: to issue/send a disclaimer 发表声明加以否认.

disclose
[dis'klEuz; dis'kloz] v (fml 文) (a) [Tn, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) allow sth to be seen 使某物显露: * He opened the box, disclosing the contents (to the audience). 他打开盒子, 露出里面的东西（给观众看）. (b) [Tn, Tf, Tw, Dn.pr, Dpr.f, Dpr.w] ~sth (to sb) make sth known 公开某事; 透露某事: * refuse to disclose one's name and address 拒绝透露自己的姓名地址 * The Government disclosed that another diplomat has been arrested for spying. 政府透露, 又有一名外交官因间谍罪被捕. * She wouldn't disclose her friend's whereabouts to the police. 她不愿把她朋友的下落告诉警方. 派生： disclosure/dis'klEuVE(r); dis'kloVl] n (a) [U] making sth known 公开; 透露: * the magazine's disclosure of defence secrets 该杂志对防务内幕的透露. (b) [C] thing, esp a secret, that is made known 被公开的事情; （尤指）被透露的秘闻: * startling disclosures of police brutality 揭发警察暴行的惊人消息.

disco
[5diskEu; 5disko] n (pl ~s) (also discotheque/ 5dIskEtek; `dIskE9tZk1 club, party, etc, usu with flashing lights, where people dance to recorded pop music 迪斯科舞厅; 迪斯科舞会: * Is there a good disco round here? 附近有像样的迪斯科舞厅吗? 2 equipment that produces the sound and lighting effects of a disco （迪斯科舞厅的）音响及灯光效果设备: * We're hiring a disco for the party. 我们为这次聚会租用一套迪斯科舞厅用的设备. 复合： `disco dancing modern popular dancing with no fixed steps, with or without a partner 迪斯科舞. `disco music type of music played in discos 迪斯科音乐.

discolour
(US discolor)[dis'kQlE(r); dis'kQll] v 1 [Tn] change or spoil the colour of (sth) 使（某物）变色; 使（某物）退色: * Smoking discolours the teeth. 吸烟会使牙齿变色. 2 [I] (of colour) change or be spoilt （指颜色）变化, 变色, 退色. 派生： discoloration[7diskQlE'reiFn; 7diskQlE'reFEn] n (a) [U] process of discolouring 变色; 退色: * some discoloration of the paintwork 漆皮儿的少许退色. (b) [C] discoloured spot; stain 变色点; 退色点; 污点.

discomfit
[dis'kQmfit; dis'kQmfit] v [Tn] (fml 文) confuse or embarrass (sb) 使（某人）困惑、 尴尬或狼狈: * be discomfited by rude questions 因他人提出的问题粗鄙而感到尴尬. > discomfiture/dis'kQmfitFE(r); dis'kQmfitFl] n [U]: * a look, air, expression, etc of discomfiture 狼狈的神色、 样子、 表情等.

discomfort
[dis'kQmfEt; dis'kQmflt] n 1 (a) [U] lack of comfort; slight pain 不舒服; 不适; 轻微的病痛: * He still suffers considerable discomfort from his injury. 他因那次受伤至今仍颇感不适. (b) [C] thing that causes this 使人不舒服或不适的事情: * the discomforts of travel 旅行的诸多不便. 2 [U] mental unease; embarrassment 不安; 不痛快.

discommode
[7diskE'mEud; 7diskE'mod] v [Tn] (fml 文) cause (sb) inconvenience 使（某人）不便; 给（某人）添麻烦; 打搅（某人）.

discompose
[7diskEm'pEuz; 7diskEm'poz] v [Tn] (fml 文) make (sb) feel uneasy or uncomfortable 使（某人）感到不安或不舒服. > discomposure[7diskEm-'pEuVE(r); 7diskEm'poVl] n [U].

disconcert
[7diskEn5sE:t; 7diskEn5sEt] v [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] cause (sb) to feel confused, upset or embarrassed 使（某人）感到困惑、 不安或尴尬: * He was disconcerted to find the other guests formally dressed. 他看到其他客人都穿得正正经经的, 觉得很尴尬. > disconcerted adj: * a disconcerted look, glance, tone of voice, etc 不安的神情、 一瞥、 语调等. disconcerting adj: * a disconcerting reply, stare, silence, manner, etc 令人难堪的回答、 注视、 沉默、 举止等. disconcertingly adv.

disconnect
[7diskE'nekt; 7diskE'nekt] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ A (from B) detach sth (from sth); undo a connection 使某物（与某物）分离; 割断, 切断（联系）; 使不连接: * If you don't pay your bills they'll disconnect your electricity/gas. 若不付费用, 就要停止供应电力[煤气]. * disconnect a TV (from the power supply), ie unplug it 切断电视机的电源 * Operator, I/we have been disconnected, ie I have lost contact with the person I was telephoning. 话务员, 我[我们]的线断了（我跟对方的通话中断了）. 派生： disconnected adj (of speech or writing) lacking in order; incoherent （指言语或文字）无条理的, 不连贯的: the disconnected ramblings of an old man 老人东拉西扯的唠叨. disconnectedly adv. disconnection n [U].

disconsolate
[dis'kCnsElEt; dis'kanslit] adj unhappy, esp at the loss of sb/sth; refusing to be comforted 不快乐的, 忧郁的（尤指因失去某人[某事物]）; 拒绝接受安慰的: * The death of her father left Mary disconsolate. 玛丽因父亲去世而伤心难过. > disconsolately adv.

discontent
[7diskEn5tent; 7diskEn5tent] (also discontentment[7diskEn5tentmEnt; 7diskEn5tentmEnt] ) n [U] ~ (with sth) lack of satisfaction 不满; 不满足; 不满意: * The strikes were a sign of discontent (with poor pay). 那些罢工事件是（对低薪）不满的一种表示. 派生： discontented adj dissatisifed 不满的; 不满足的; 不满意的: discontented with one's job 对自己的职业不满意. discontentedly adv.

discontinue
[7diskEn5tinju:; 7diskEn5tinju] v [I, Tn, Tg] (cause sth to) come to an end; stop (doing sth) 终止, 中断（某事）; 中止（进行某事）: * I'll have to discontinue these weekly visits. 我每周一次的访问得停止了. * The local rail service (was) discontinued in 1958. 当地的铁路运输在1958年中断了. 派生： discontinuation[7diskEntinju'eiFn; 7diskEn7tinju'eFEn] (also discontinuance[7diskEn5tinjuEns; 7diskEn5tinjuEns] ) n [U] ending the availability, production, etc of sth 终止某事物的供应、 生产等: * the discontinuation of our loss-making products 我们的亏本产品的停产. discontinuous[7diskEn5tinjuEs; 7diskEn5tinjuEs] adj not continuous; intermittent. discontinuously adv.

discord
[5diskC:d; 5diskCrd] n (fml 文) 1 (a) [U] disagreement; quarrelling 不和; 纷争: * A note of discord crept into their relationship. 他们的关系出现了裂痕. (b) [C] instance of this 不和; 争吵. 2 (music 音) (a) [U] lack of harmony between notes sounded together 不谐和. (b) [C] instance of this; unpleasant sound 不谐和的音调; 刺耳的音调. Cf 参看 concord. 3 (idm 习语)an/the apple of discord => apple. 派生： discordance/di'skC:dEns; dis'kCrdns] n [U]. discordant/di'skC:dEnt; dis'kCrdnt] adj 1 [usu attrib 通常作定语] not in agreement; conflicting 不一致的; 相互冲突的: * discordant views, interests, etc 不一致的观点、 利益等. 2 (of sounds) harsh （指声音）刺耳的. discordantly adv.

discotheque
= disco.

discount
1[5diskaunt; 5diskaunt] n [U, C] 1 amount of money taken off the cost of sth 从某物的价格中扣去的数目; 折扣: * We give (a) 10% discount for cash, ie for immediate payment. 现金付款, 我们予以九折优待. 2 (commerce 商) amount deducted for paying a bill of exchange 折息贴现. Cf 参看 rebate. 3 (idm 习语) at a discount (a) at a reduced price 打折扣; 减价. (b) (fig 比喻) not highly valued; unfashionable 不受重视的; 不时兴的: * Concern for others seems to be at (something of) a discount today. 如今好像不兴关心别人了. 复合： `discount house 1 (Brit commerce 商) establishment which deals in discounts (discount1 2) 贴现公司; 贴现银行. 2 (US) = discount shop. `discount shop (also `discount store, `discount warehouse) shop which regularly sells goods at less than the usual price 廉价商店.

discountenance
[dis'kauntinEns; dis'kauntEnEns] v [Tn] (fml 文) disapprove of (sb); discourage 不赞成（某人）的言行; 不支持.

discourage
[di'skQridV; dis'kEidV] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from doing sth) take away sb's confidence or hope of doing sth 使某人丧失（做某事的）信心; 使某人泄气: * Don't discourage her; she's doing her best. 别泄她的气, 她正尽力做呢. 2 (a) [Tn] try to stop (sth) 设法阻止（某事物）: * Parents should discourage smoking. 做父母的应该设法阻止子女吸烟. (b) [Tn.pr] ~ sb from doing sth persuade sb not to do sth 劝某人不要做某事: * Parents should discourage their children from smoking. 做父母的应该劝子女不要吸烟. 派生： discouraged adj. discouragement n (a) [U] action of discouraging; state of feeling discouraged 劝阻; 泄气. (b) [C] thing that discourages 使人泄气的事物; 挫折: Despite all these discouragements, she refused to give up. 她尽管遇到许多挫折, 却仍然不气馁. discouraging adj: a discouraging result, reply 使人泄气的结果、 回答. discouragingly adv.

discourse
[5diskC:s; 5diskCrs] n 1 [C] (fml 文) lengthy and serious treatment of a subject in speech or writing 论文; 演讲. 2 [U] (linguistics 语言) continuous piece of spoken or written language （口头或书面的连贯的）语段, 话语: * analyse the structure of discourse 分析语段结构 * [attrib 作定语] discourse analysis 话语分析. 派生： discourse/di'skC:s; di'skCrs] v [Ipr] ~ on/upon sth (fml 文) talk, preach or lecture about sth (usu at length) （通常长篇大论地）论说、 宣扬或讲授某事物: * The speaker discoursed knowledgeably on a variety of subjects. 演讲者头头是道地论述了一系列问题.

discourteous
[dis'kE:tiEs; dis'kEtiEs] adj (fml 文) bad-mannered; impolite 不讲礼貌的; 无礼的; 粗鲁的: * It was discourteous of you to arrive late. 你迟到了, 真没礼貌. 派生： discourteously adv. discourtesy/dis'kE:tEsi; dis'kEtEsi] n [U, C] (fml 文) impoliteness; rude act or comment 无礼; 失礼; 失礼的举动; 粗鲁的评论: * I must apologize for my discourtesy in arriving late. 我要为迟到失礼而道歉.

discover
[dis'kQvE(r); di'skQvl] v 1 [Tn, Tf, Tw] find or learn about (a place, fact, etc for the first time) 发现（某地、 某事等）: * Columbus discovered America. 哥伦布发现了美洲. * I've discovered a super restaurant near here! 我在附近找到一家一流的餐馆! * I never discovered how to start the engine. 我怎麽也学不会发动 引擎. Cf 参看 invent1. 2 [Tn, Tng] find (sb/sth) unexpectedly （出乎意料地）发现、 碰见或撞见（某人[某事物]）: * I discovered him kissing my wife. 我撞见他在吻我的妻子. 3 [Tn, Tf, Tw, Tnt esp passive 尤用於被动语态] come to know or realize (sth) 了解到, 认识到, 发觉（某事物）: * Did you ever discover who did it? 你到底发现是谁干的了吗? * We discovered that our luggage had been stolen. 我们发觉行李被偷了. * He was later discovered to have been a spy. 後来发现他原来是间谍. > discoverer n.

discovery
[di'skQvEri; di'skQvEri] n 1 (a) [U] discovering or being discovered 发现; 发觉: * a voyage of discovery 探索未知世界的航行 * the discovery of Australia 澳洲的发现 * the discovery by Franklin that lightning is electricity 富兰克林对闪电即是电这一发现. (b) [C] act of discovering 发现; 发觉: * Scientists have made many important discoveries. 科学家作出了许多重大发现. * He buried the treasure to prevent its discovery. 他将财宝埋了起来以免被人发现. 2 [C] thing discovered 被发现的事物: * Like many discoveries, atomic power can be used for good or evil. 正如人类发现的许多事物一样, 原子能既可用来为善, 也可用以作恶.

discredit
1[dis'kredit; dis'kredit] v [Tn] 1 damage the good reputation of (sb/sth) 损害, 破坏, 败坏（某人[某事物]）的名声: * The Government was discredited by the scandal. 政府因这桩丑闻而名声败坏. 2 cause (sb/sth) to be disbelieved 使（某人[某事物]）不可信, 受怀疑: * His theories were discredited by scientists. 他的理论科学家很怀疑. 3 refuse to believe (sb/sth) 不相信（某人[某事物]）: * There is no reason to discredit what she says. 没理由不信她说的话.

discreet
[di'skri:t; di'skrit] adj careful or showing good judgement in what one says or does; not too obvious 言谈举止谨慎的; 言行审慎的; 不显眼的: * We must be extremely discreet; my husband suspects something. 我们必须极为小心才是, 我丈夫已起疑了. * I should make a few discreet enquires about the firm before you sign anything. 我应该先审慎打探一下这家公司的底细, 然後您再签字. * (fig 比喻) a discreet perfume, ie one that is not too obvious 香气清淡的香水. > discreetly adv.

discrepancy
[di'skrepEnsi; di'skrepEnsi] n ~ (between A and B) [C, U] difference; failure to agree 差异; 不符; 不一致: * There is (a) considerable discrepancy/There were many discrepancies between the two versions of the affair. 这件事的两种说法有很大出入. > discrepant adj.

discrete
[di'skri:t; di'skrit] adj separate; distinct 分离的; 截然分开的: * discrete particles 独立的粒子 * a series of discrete events 一系列互不相关的事件. > discretely adv. discreteness n [U].

discretion
[di'skreFn; di'skreFEn] n [U] 1 quality of being discreet; good judgement 谨慎; 慎重; 审慎; 明智: * to act with discretion 谨慎行事 * This is a secret, but I know I can count on your discretion, ie be sure you won't tell anyone. 这可是个秘密, 不过我知道你嘴稳（肯定不会告诉别人）. 2 freedom to decide for oneself what should be done 自行决断的自由: * Don't keep asking me what to do; use your own discretion. 不要老是问我该做什麽事, 你自行决定吧. 3 (idm 习语) the age/years of di`scretion maturity; age when one is considered able to judge and decide for oneself 成年; 解事年龄; 责任年龄. at sb's discretion on the basis of sb's judgement 依据某人的见解: * A supplementary grant may be awarded at the discretion of the committee. 委员会可能酌情追加一笔补助金. di,scretion is the ,better part of `valour (saying usu joc 谚, 通常作戏谑语) there is no point in taking unnecessary risks 不知进退非真勇（不必作无谓的冒险）. 派生： discretionary/di'skreFEnEri; - di'skreFEneri; di'skreFEn7eri] adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] used, adopted, etc when considered necessary 根据需要而使用的、 采取的等; 便宜施行的: * discretionary powers, measures, etc 可便宜施行的权力、 机动措施. * discretionary payments to old people 酌情发放给老年人的补助金.

discriminate
[di'skrimineit; di'skrimE7net] v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn.pr] ~ (between A and B); ~ A from B see or make a difference (between two things) 分别, 辨别, 区分（两事物）: * discriminate between two cases/one case from another 区分两件事[将一件事与另一件事区分开] * The law discriminates between accidental and intentional killing. 意外杀人和故意杀人在法律上是有区别的. 2 [Ipr] ~ against sb/in favour of sb treat (one person or group) worse/better than others 歧视[偏袒]（某人或某些人）: * Society still discriminates against women/in favour of men. 社会上仍然歧视女性[厚待男性]. 派生： discriminating adj 1 showing good judgement and perception 判断力强的; 鉴别力强的; 知觉敏锐的: discriminating taste, judgement, etc 敏锐的鉴赏力、 判断力等 * a discriminating connoisseur, collector, customer, etc 鉴赏力强的鉴赏家、 收藏家、 顾客等 * She has an artist's discriminating eye. 她具有艺术家特有的敏锐眼光. 2 = discriminatory. discriminatory/ dI5skrImInEtErI; ?@ dI5skrImInEtR:rI; dI`skrImEnE`tRrI] adj discriminating against sb/sth （对待某人[某事物]）不公平的, 歧视的: * discriminatory measures,policies, actions, tariffs 不公平的措施、 厚此薄彼的政策、 歧视性的行为、 差别关税.

discrimination
[di7skrimi'neiFn; di7skrimE'neFEn] n [U] 1 good judgement and perception 辨别力; 识别力: * show discrimination in one's choice of friends, clothes, hobbies, etc 在选择交友对象、 服装、 消遣形式等方面有鉴别力. 2 ~ (against/in favour of sb) treating a person or group differently (usu worse) than others 歧视[偏袒]（某人）: * racial, sexual, religious, political, etc discrimination 种族、 性别、 宗教、 政治...歧视 * This is a clear case of discrimination (against foreign imports) .这显然是（对进口货的）排斥.

discursive
[di'skE:siv; di'skEsiv] adj (of the way a person speaks or writes) wandering from one point to another （指口头或书面的表达方式）东拉西扯的, 不着边际的: * a rather discursive account of the events 对那些事件东拉西扯的描述. > discursively adv. discursiveness n [U].

discus
[5diskEs; 5diskEs] n (a) [C] heavy disc thrown in athletic contests 铁饼. (b) the discus [sing] discus-throwing event 铁饼项目; 铁饼比赛: * I see Britain did well in the discus. 我看英国队在铁饼项目中表现不错. =>illus 见插图.

discuss
[di'skQs; di'skQs] v [Tn, Tn.pr, Tw, Tg, Tsg] ~ sth (with sb) talk or write about sth 谈论、 讨论、 议论、 商量或论述某事物: * Jack was still discussing the game (with his friends) when I got there. 我到那儿的时候, 杰克还在（跟朋友们）谈论那场比赛呢. * We discussed when to go/when we should go. 我们商量了甚麽时候动身. * They discussed selling the house. 他们商量过卖房子的事儿. * We're here to discuss Ann's joining the club. 我们这次碰头是为了谈谈安入会的事儿. * Her latest book discusses the problems of the disabled. 她 的新书论述残疾人的问题. 派生： discussion/di'skQFn; di'skQFEn] n 1 [C, U] (instance of) discussing sth 谈论; 讨论; 议论; 商量; 论述: * After much discussion/several lengthy discussions they decided to accept our offer. 经过反覆讨论[多次长时间的讨论], 他们决定接受我们开的价. =>Usage at talk1 用法见talk1. 2 (idm 习语) under discussion being talked about 正在讨论中: * The plans have been under discussion for a year now, but no decision has been reached. 那些计划讨论了一年了, 还是没有结果. * the matter under discussion 正在讨论中的那件事.

disdain
[dis'dein; dis'den] n [U] feeling that sb/sth is not good enough to deserve one's respect; contempt 鄙视; 轻视; 蔑视: * a look/tone/expression of disdain 鄙夷的神态[语气/表情] * treating other people's ideas with disdain 藐视别人的意见. 派生： disdain v 1 [Tn] treat (sth/sb) with disdain; despise 鄙视（某事物[某人]）; 轻视; 蔑视: disdain an invitation, an offer of help, a peace initiative 不屑接受邀请、 鄙视他人的援助、 对和平建议不屑理会. 2 [Tg, Tt] (fml 文) refuse (doing/to do sth) because of one's disdain 不屑於（做某事）: He disdains going to the cinema/to sit with people like us. 他不屑於去看电影[与我们这等人同席而坐]. disdainful[-fl; -fEl] adj ~ (of sb/sth) showing disdain 鄙视的; 轻蔑的; 藐视的: * a disdainful reply 轻蔑的回答 * He's disdainful of anyone from America. 美洲来的人他都瞧不起. disdainfully[-fEli; -fEli] adv.

disease
[di'zi:z; di'ziz] n [C, U] (case of) illness of the body, of the mind or of plants, caused by infection or internal disorder 疾病; 病患; （植物的）病害: * a serious, infectious, incurable disease 重病、 传染性疾病、 不治之症 * a disease of the nervous system 神经系统的疾病 * prevent/spread disease 预防[传播]疾病. 派生： diseased adj suffering from a disease 患病的; 遭受病害的: diseased kidneys, leaves 患病的肾脏、 有病害的叶子 * (fig 比喻) a diseased society, mentality, imagination 病态的社会、 病态的心理、 不健康的想像.

disembark
[7disim'ba:k; 7disim'bark] (also debark) v (a) [I, Ipr] ~ (from sth) (of people) leave a ship or an aircraft （指人）离船或下飞机等: * disembark from a ferry 离渡船上岸. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (from sth) cause (people or goods) to leave a ship or an aircraft 使（人）离船或下飞机等; 从船上或飞机上卸下（货物）: * disembark passengers from the plane 让乘客下飞机. > disembarkation[7disemba:'keiFn; 7disembar'keFEn] (also debarkation) n [U]: * After disembarkation, we went through passport control. 我们下了飞机, 接受护照检查.

disembodied
[7disim'bCdid; 7disim'badid] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] 1 (of a soul or spirit) separated from the body （指灵魂或魂魄）从躯体中脱离出来的, 出窍的, 游荡的. 2 (fig 比喻) (of sounds) lacking any obvious source; eerie （指声音）没有明确来源的, 怪异的: * disembodied voices, screams, groans, etc 神秘可怖的人声、 尖叫、 呻吟等.

disembowel
[7disim'bauEl; 7disim'bauEl] v (-ll-; US also -l-) [Tn] remove the bowels of (sb), usu as part of an execution 取出某人的肠子（通常作为死刑的一部分）.

disenchant
[7disin'tFa:nt; - 7disin'tFnt; 7disin'tFAnt] v [Tn] cause (sb) to lose his good opinion of sb/sth; disillusion 使（某人）对某人[某事物]不再着迷, 不抱幻想: * Her arrogance has disenchanted many of her former admirers. 她为人高傲, 追求过她的许多人都已不再迷恋她了. > disenchanted adj ~ (with sb/sth): * His disenchanted supporters abandoned him. 那些拥护他的人对他失去了幻想, 纷纷离他而去了. * I'm becoming increasingly disenchanted with London. 我对伦敦渐渐不那麽眷恋了. disenchantment n [U].

disencumber
[7disin'kQmbE(r); 7disin'kQmbl] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (of sth) (fml 文) free sb/sth from (a burden, an obstruction, etc) 使某人[某事物]解除（负担）, 消除（障碍）: * disencumber oneself of financial responsibilities, social commitments 摆脱经济负担、 社会义务.

disenfranchise
[7disin'frAntFaiz; 7disin'frAntFaiz] v [Tn] = disfranchise.

disengage
[7disin'geidV; 7disin'gedV] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth/sb (from sth/sb) (fml 文) free or disconnect sth/sb from sth/sb that holds it/him firmly 放开; 挣脱开; 摆脱开: * Disengage the clutch (ie from the gear mechanism) before changing gear. 先松开离合器再换挡. * (joc 谑) He managed to disengage himself from Martha's embrace. 他使劲儿挣脱了玛莎的拥抱. 2 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sb/sth) (from sth) (military 军) (cause sb/sth to) stop fighting and withdraw （使某人[某物]）脱离接触, 中止战斗: * The fighter planes quickly disengaged (from the combat). 歼击机很快（从战斗中）撤出了. * We must disengage our troops (from the conflict).我们必须把部队（从战斗中）撤出. 派生： disengaged adj [usu pred 通常作表语] (fml 文) (of a person) free from social or professional obligations （指人）没有社会或职业负担, 无牵无挂. disengagement n [U].

disentangle
[7disin'tANgl; 7disin'tANgl] v 1 [Tn] make (rope, hair, etc) straight and free of knots 将（绳索、 毛发等）理直并解开其结子, 理顺. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth/sb (from sth) free sth/sb from sth that hooks into it/him 使某事物[某人]摆脱开钩绊之物: * He tried to disentangle himself (from the bushes into which he had fallen). 他竭力（从他跌入的灌木丛中）挣脱出来. * (fig 比喻) I wish I could disentangle myself from Jill, ie from my relationship with her. 我希望能摆脱跟吉尔的关系. * disentangle the truth from a mass of lies 把真话和一大堆谎言区分开. > disentanglement n [U].

disequilibrium
[ 9dIsi:kwI5lIbrIEm, also -ekw-; dIs9ikwE`lIbrIEm, -Zkw-] n [U] (fml usu fig 文, 通常作比喻) loss or lack of balance 失衡; 不平衡; 失调: * a disequilibrium in the military forces of the two countries 两国之间军事力量的不平衡.

disestablish
[7disi'stAbliF; 7disE'stAbliF] v [Tn] end the official status of (a national Church) 废除（国教）的法定地位: * those who want to disestablish the Church of England 主张废除英国国教的人. > disestablishment n [U].

disfavour
(US disfavor)[7dis'feivE(r); dis'fevl] n [U] dislike; disapproval (used esp as in the expressions shown) 不喜欢, 不赞成, 反感（尤用於以下示例）: * regard sb/sth with disfavour 不喜欢某人[某事物] * incur sb's disfavour 引起某人的反感 * be in/fall into disfavour 受冷遇[失宠].

disfigure
[dis'figE(r); - dis'figjEr; dis'figjl] v [Tn] spoil the appearance of (sb/sth) 毁损（某人[某物]）的外观, 外貌; 毁容: * The accident disfigured him for life. 那次事故使他破相, 终生无法恢复. * a landscape disfigured by a power station 被发电厂破坏了的风景. > disfigurement n [U, C]: * the planners responsible for the disfigurement of the countryside 使乡村景色遭到破坏的规划者.

disfranchise
[dis'frAntFaiz; dis'frAntFaiz] (also disenfranchise[7disin'frAntFaiz; 7disin'frAntFaiz] ) v [Tn] take away the right to vote for a parliamentary representative from (a person or place) 剥夺（某人）选举议员的权利; 剥夺（某地）选派议员的权利. >disfranchisement/dis'frAntFizmEnt; dis'frAntFizmEnt] (also disenfranchisement [7disin'f-; 7disin'f-] ) n [U].

disgorge
[dis'gC:dV; dis'gCrdV] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) throw out (food, etc) from the stomach or throat; vomit sth 呕出, 吐出（食物等）; 呕吐: * She was trying hard to disgorge a fish bone. 她拚命想把鱼刺吐出来. 2 (a) [Ipr, Tn.pr] ~ (itself) into sth (of a river) let (its waters) flow out, esp into the sea or another river （指江河）流出（尤指注入大海或汇入另一条河流）: * The Avon disgorges (itself) into the Severn. 埃文河流入塞文河. (b) [Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~from sth/into sth; ~from sth into sth; ~sth (from sth) (into sth) (fig 比喻) (let sth) pour out in a great mass （使某物）大量流出, 涌出: * Crowds disgorged from the theatre into the dark street. 人流从戏院涌出, 进入了黑洞洞的街道. * The holed tanker was disgorging oil. 撞了个窟窿的油船正在喷油. 3 [I, Tn] (infml joc 口, 谑) unwillingly hand (sth) over or back 不情愿地将（某物）交出或交还; 吐出: * You owe me 5: * come on, disgorge! 你欠我5英镑, 快, 吐出来!

disgrace
1[dis'greis; dis'gres] n 1 [U] state in which others think that one has behaved badly and no longer deserves respect 出丑; 丢脸: * bring disgrace on oneself, one's family, etc 给自己、 家庭等丢脸 * There is no disgrace in being poor. 贫穷并不丢脸. 2 [sing] ~ (to sb/sth) thing or person that is so bad that one feels or should feel ashamed 令人感到羞耻的事物或人; 耻辱: Your homework is a disgrace: rewrite it! 你做的功课真丢人, 重做吧! * These slums are a disgrace to the city. 这些贫民窟是这座城市的耻辱. 3 (idm 习语) (be) in disgrace (with sb) (be) regarded with deep disfavour 很不讨人喜欢; 令人不喜爱: He's in disgrace (with his father) because he told a lie. 他撒了个谎, 惹得父亲很不痛快. 派生： disgraceful[-fl; -fEl] adj causing disgrace; very bad 可耻的; 丢脸的; 极坏的: * disgraceful manners, behaviour, etc 丢人的举止、 行为等 * This cheating is disgraceful. 这样骗人, 真不要脸. * The bus is late again it's absolutely disgraceful! 这趟公共汽车又来迟了, 简直太不像话了! disgracefully[-fEli; -fEli] adv.

disgruntled
[dis'grQntld; dis'grQntld] adj ~ (at/about sth); ~ (with sb) resentful because sth has happened to displease one 不高兴的; 不满的: * a disgruntled look, frown, scowl, etc 不悦的样子、 因不满而皱眉、 怒容 * She's still disgruntled about missing the party. 她因错过了这一聚会而仍耿耿於怀.

disguise
1[dis'gaiz; dis'gaiz] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.n/a] ~ sb/sth (with sth); ~ sb/sth (as sb/sth) make sb/sth look or sound different from normal; give sb/sth a false appearance （用伪装）使某人[某物]的外观或声音异常; 假装; 假扮; 装扮: * disguise one's voice 不使用自己真实的声音 * I disguised the spots on my face with make-up. 我用化妆品盖住脸上的斑点. * The raiders disguised themselves as security guards. 袭击者都装扮成了保安人员. 2 [Tn] hide or cover up (eg one's real feelings or intentions) 隐藏, 遮掩（如真实的感情或用意）: * I couldn't disguise my anger. 我怒形於色. * There's no disguising the fact (ie It is clear) that he's a liar. 他爱撒谎, 这可是掩盖不了的.

disgust
1[dis'gQst; dis'gQst] n [U] ~ (at sth)] (for/with sb) strong dislike for sth/sb that one feels is not right or good 反感; 厌恶; 嫌恶: * his disgust at the sight of the rotting food 他看到腐败的食物而感到恶心 * The execution of political opponents aroused widespread disgust (with the regime). 处决了政敌引起（对这个政权的）普遍反感. * She turned away in disgust. 她厌恶地把脸转开.

dish
1[diF; diF] n 1 (a) [C] container for holding or serving food (usu shallow and flat-bottomed) 盘; 碟: * a glass, an earthenware, a ceramic, a metal, etc dish 玻璃的、 陶的、 瓷的、 金属的...盘子 =>illus at plate 见plate之插图. (b) [C] food, etc served in the container 一盘食物; 一碟食物; 一道菜; 菜肴: * a big dish of curry 一大盘用咖喱作调味的菜. (c) the dishes [pl] plates, bowls, cups, etc used for a meal; crockery 餐具: * wash, do, dry, put away, etc the dishes 洗、 刷洗、 弄乾、 放好...餐具. 2 [C] particular type of food prepared for a meal 具某种风味的饭菜: * a restaurant specializing in Indonesian dishes 印度尼西亚风味的餐馆. 3 [C] object shaped like a dish or bowl, esp the large concave reflector of a radio telescope 盘状物; 盆状物; 凹形物; （尤指射电望远镜中巨大的）抛物面状天线. 4 [C esp sing 尤作单数] (infml 口) physically attractive person 外貌有吸引力的人; 漂亮的人: * Mary's new boy-friend's quite a dish, isn't he? 玛丽新交的男朋友挺帅的, 是不是? 派生： dishful[5diFful; 5diF7ful] n about as much as a dish will hold 一盘的量; 一碟的量. dishy[5diFi; 5diFi] adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) (of a person) physically attractive （指人）漂亮, 潇 , 帅. 复合： `dishcloth n cloth for washing dishes, etc （洗碗碟等用的）抹布. `dishwasher n machine or person that washes dishes 刷洗碗碟的机器或人; 洗碟机; 洗碗机; 洗碗者. `dish-water n [U] water used for washing dishes 洗碗碟的水: (joc 谑) Her coffee tastes like dish-water, ie It is weak and unpleasant. 她的咖啡喝起来像刷锅水.

disharmony
[dis'ha:mEni; dis'harmEni] n [U] lack of harmony between people; disagreement 人与人之间的不和睦; 不协调; 不一致: * He noted the disharmony between husband and wife. 他觉察出这对夫妇不太和睦. > disharmonious[7disha:'mEuniEs; 7dishar'moniEs] adj: * a disharmonious relationship 不和谐的关系.

dishearten
[dis'ha:tn; dis'hartn] v [Tn] cause (sb) to lose hope or confidence 使（某人）失去希望或信心; 使（某人）灰心: * Don't let this set-back dishearten you. 不要因这一挫折而气馁. > disheartening[-'ha:tniN; -'hartniN] adj: * disheartening news 使人泄气的消息 * a disheartening lack of interest 使人失望的淡漠. dishearteningly adv.

dishevelled
(US disheveled)[di'Fevld; di'Fevld] adj (of hair or clothes) untidy; ruffled （指毛发或衣服）不整齐的, 凌乱的.

dishonest
[dis'Cnist; dis'anist] adj 1 (of a person) not honest （指人）不老实的, 不诚实的: * a dishonest trader, partner, etc 奸商、 耍滑头的合伙人. 2 [attrib 作定语] (a) intended to deceive or cheat 骗人的; 欺骗性的: * dishonest behaviour, goings-on, competition 欺骗的行为、 骗人的勾当、 做了手脚的比赛. (b) (of money) not honestly obtained （指金钱）来路不正的: * dishonest earnings, gains, etc 以不正当的方式获得的钱、 利益等. > dishonestly adv. dishonesty n [U].

dishonour
(US dishonor)[dis'CnE(r); dis'anl] n [U, sing] (fml or rhet 文或修辞) loss of honour or respect 不名誉; 耻辱; 丢脸: * bring dishonour on one's family, country, regiment, etc 使自己的家庭、 国家、 所在团等蒙羞. 派生： dishonour v [Tn] (fml 文) 1 bring dishonour on (sb/sth) 使（某人[某事物]）蒙羞; 败坏（某人[某事 物]）的名誉: a cowardly act that dishonours his memory 使他一想起便羞愧不已的怯懦之举. 2 (of a bank) refuse to cash (a cheque, etc) （指银行）拒绝兑现（支票等）. Cf 参看 bounce. dishonourable[-nErEbl; -nlEbl] adj not honourable 不名誉的; 可耻的: * a dishonourable record, reputation, discharge from the army 不光彩的履历、 坏名声、 被开除出军队这一不名誉事. dishonourably[-nErEbli;-nlabli] adv.

disillusion
[7disi'lu:Vn; 7disi'luVEn] v [Tn] destroy the pleasant but mistaken beliefs or ideals of (sb) 使（某人）醒悟, 理想或幻想破灭: * She still believes in Santa Claus and it would be cruel to disillusion her. 她仍然相信有圣诞老人, 要是使她这一幻想破灭就於心不忍了. 派生： disillusioned adj ~ (with sb/sth) disappointed in sb/sth that one had admired or believed in （对某人[某事物]）大失所望, 幻想破灭: Disillusioned voters want an alternative to the two main parties. 失望的选民需要一个党派以取代这两个大党. * She's disillusioned with life in general. 她对生活各方面均不抱幻想了. disillusionment (also disillusion) n [U] state ofbeing disillusioned 幻灭; 醒悟: the growing disillusionmentwith the Government's policies 对政府政策产生越来越强烈的失望.

disincentive
[7disin'sentiv; 7disin'sentiv] n ~ (to sth) thing that discourages an action or effort 阻碍行动或发展的事物; 遏制因素: * Fixed wages and lack of promotion act as a disincentive to employees. 工资固定又无晋升机会遏制了雇员的积极性.

disinclination
[7disinkli'neiFn; 7disinklE'neFEn] n [sing] ~ (for sth/to do sth) (fml 文) unwillingness; reluctance 不情愿; 勉强: * a disinclination for work, exercise, politics 不愿工作、 锻炼、 关心政治 * his disinclination to tackle the causes of the problem 他对问题的起因无心过问的态度.

disinclined
[7disin'klaind; 7disin'klaind] adj [pred 作表语] ~ (for sth/to do sth) unwilling; reluctant 不情愿; 勉强: * feel disinclined for study, argument, discussion, etc 不愿意学习、 争辩、 讨论等 * She was disinclined to believe him. 她对他的话半信半疑.

disinfect
[7disin'fekt; 7disin'fekt] v [Tn] clean (sth) by destroying germs that cause disease 为（某物）杀菌或消毒: * disinfect a wound, a surgical instrument, a hospital ward 为伤口、 外科手术器械、 医院病房消毒. 派生： disinfectant[7disin'fektEnt; 7disin'fektEnt] n [U, C] substance that disinfects 杀菌剂; 消毒剂: * [attrib 作定语] disinfectant liquid, cream, soap, etc 消毒用的溶液、 乳膏、 肥皂等. disinfection[7disin'fekFn; 7disin'fekFEn] n [U].

disinfest
[7disin'fest; 7disin'fest] v [Tn] remove vermin or insects from (sb/sth) 为（某人[某物]）消灭寄生虫、 害虫、 害鸟或害兽. > disinfestation[7disinfe'steiFn; dis7infes'teFEn] n [U].

disinformation
[dis7infE'meiFn; 7disinfl'meFEn] n [U] deliberately false information, esp given out by governments or intelligence services （故意透露的）假情报（尤指政府或情报部门）. Cf 参看 misinformation (misinform).

disingenuous
[7disin'dVenjuEs; 7disin'dVenjuEs] adj (fml 文) insincere, esp in pretending that one knows less about sth than one really does 不真诚的; （尤指）装作不知道的: * It would be disingenuous to claim that we hadn't suspected them. 要是说我们当时还没有怀疑他们, 那就是言不由衷了. > disingenuously adv. disingenuousness n [U].

disinherit
[7disin'herit; 7disin'herit] v [Tn] prevent (sb) from inheriting one's property (by making a new will naming another person as heir) （重立遗嘱, 另定继承人以）阻止（某人）继承自己的财产; 取消或剥夺（某人）的继承权: * disinherit one's eldest son 取消自己的长子的继承权. > disinheritance[7disin'heritEns; 7disin'herEtEns] n [U].

disintegrate
[dis'intigreit; dis'intE7gret] v [I, Tn] (a) (cause sth to) break into small parts or pieces （使某物）碎裂, 崩裂: * The plane flew into a mountain and disintegrated on impact. 飞机冲向一座山, 撞得粉碎. (b) (fig 比喻) (cause sth to) become less strong or united （使某物）衰微, 瓦解, 分崩离析: * The family is starting to disintegrate. 这个家庭要破裂了. > disintegration/ dIs9IntI5greIFn; dIs9IntE`^reFEn/ n [U]: * the gradual disintegration of traditional values 传统价值观念的逐渐淡薄.

disinter
[7disin'tE:(r); 7disin'tE] v (-rr-) [Tn] (fml 文) dig up (sth buried) 挖出（被埋的某物）: * The court granted him permission to disinter the body. 法院批准他掘出 体. * (fig 比喻) disinter an old scandal 将从前的一桩丑事儿抖出来. > disinterment n [U, C].

disinterested
[dis'intrEstid; dis'intrEstid] adj not influenced by personal feelings or interests; unbiased 无个人利害关系的; 公正无私的; 不偏不倚的: * a disinterested act of kindness 没有私心杂念的好心的行为 * My advice is quite disinterested. 我的建议是正直无偏的. =>Usage at interest2 用法见interest2. > disinterestedly adv. disinterestedness n [U].

disinvest
[7disin'vest; 7disin'vest] v [I, Ipr] (finance 财) reduce or dispose of one's investment (in a place, company, etc) 缩减、 收回或转让（在某地、 某公司等的）投资.

disjointed
[dis'dVCintid; dis'dVCintid] adj (of talk, writing, etc) in which it is difficult to understand how the ideas, events, etc follow each other and develop （指说话、 文章等）内容不连贯的, 支离破碎的: * The film was so disjointed that I couldn't tell you what the story was about. 那部电影的情节支离破碎, 我简直说不出个所以然来. > disjointedly adv.

disjunctive
[dis'dVQNktiv; dis'dVQNktiv] adj (grammar) (of a conjunction) showing opposition or contrast between two ideas (eg either... or) （指连词）转折的, 反意的（如either... or）.

disk
[disk; disk] n 1 (esp US) = disc. 2 (computing 计) circular plate, coated with magnetic material, on which data can be recorded in a form that can be used by a computer 磁盘. Cf 参看 floppy disk (flop), hard disk (hard1). 派生： diskette/dis'ket; di'sket] n = floppy disk (flop). 复合： `disk drive device which transfers data from a disk to the memory of a computer, or from the memory to the disk 磁盘驱动器; 磁盘机. =>illus at computer 见computer之插图.

dislike
[dis'laik; dis'laik] v [Tn, Tg, Tsg] not like (sb/sth)不喜欢, 讨厌（某人[某事物]）: * My mother dislikes seeing you with me/dislikes our being together. 我母亲不喜欢看到你和我在一起. * I like cats but dislike dogs. 我喜欢猫, 不喜欢狗. * I dislike it when you whistle. 我不爱听你吹口哨. * If you go on like that you'll get yourself disliked, ie become unpopular. 你再这样下去, 别人就不喜欢你了. 派生： dislike n 1 (a) [U] ~ (of sb/sth) feeling of not liking 不喜欢; 反感: a strong dislike of modern poetry 对现代诗的强烈反感. (b) [C usu pl 通常作复数] thing that one dislikes 不喜欢的事物: have one's pet dislikes 有自己特别不喜欢的东西. 2 (idm 习语) likes and dislikes => like2. take a dislike to sb/sth start disliking sb/sth 开始不喜欢某人[某事物]: I don't know why, but I took a strong dislike to him as soon as I saw him. 也不知为什麽, 我一见他就十分讨厌他.

dislocate
[5dislEkeit; - 'dislEukeit; 5dislo7ket] v [Tn] 1 put (a bone) out of its proper position in a joint 使（骨头）脱位: * dislocate one's ankle, wrist, etc 使脚踝、 手腕等脱臼 * a dislocated shoulder 脱了臼的肩膀. 2 stop (a system, plan, etc) from working as it should; disrupt 扰乱（制度、 计划等）: * Flights have been dislocated by thefog. 大雾将飞机的班次搅乱了. > dislocation[7dislE-'keiFn; - 7dislEu'keiFn; 7dislo'keFEn] n [C, U]: * treated her for a dislocation and muscle strain 为她治疗脱臼和肌肉扭伤 * The strike will cause some dislocation of rail traffic. 这次罢工会给铁路交通造成一定的混乱.

dislodge
[dis'lCdV; dis'ladV] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (from sth) move or force sb/sth from a previously fixed position 将某人[某物]逐出或移开; 移去; 取出: * The wind dislodged some tiles (from the roof). 风把瓦（从屋顶上）刮了下来. * There's something between my teeth and I can't dislodge it. 我牙缝里塞了点东西, 就是弄不出来. * (fig 比喻) She became champion in 1982 and no one has been able to dislodge her. 她於1982年获得冠军, 至今还没有人能把她从宝座上拉下来. > dislodgement n [U].

disloyal
[dis'lCiEl; dis'lCiEl] adj ~ (to sb/sth) not loyal; unfaithful 不忠实的; 不忠诚的: * be disloyal to a cause, one's country, one's associates 对事业不忠、 对国家不忠、 对同事不守信义. > disloyally[-'lCiEli;-'lCiEli] adv. disloyalty[-'lCiElti; -'lCiElti] n [U, C].

dismal
[5dizmEl; 5dizml] adj 1 causing or showing sadness; gloomy; miserable （使人）悲伤的; 凄凉的; 阴沉的; 悲惨的: * dismal weather, countryside 阴沉沉的天气、 乡村 * The news was as dismal as ever. 这消息还是叫人提不起劲来. * a dismal manner, tone of voice, look, etc 郁郁寡欢的样子、 悲戚的语调、 凄楚的神情等. 2 (infml 口) less good than expected; poor 差劲的; 不怎麽样的: * a dismal performance in the elections 在选举中差劲的表现. > dismally[-mEli; -mli] adv.

dismantle
[dis'mAntl; dis'mAntl] v [Tn] 1 take (sth) to pieces 将（某物）拆开; 拆除（某物）: * dismantle a faulty motor, machine, etc (for repairs) 把有毛病的发动机、 机器等拆开（以便修理） * dismantle an exhibition, a theatrical set, etc 把所有展品、 戏剧布景等拆除 * (fig 比喻) We should dismantle our inefficient tax system. 我们这个效益很差的税收制度应该废除. 2 remove fittings and furnishings from (a building or ship) 拆除（建 物或船只）的装备.

dismay
[dis'mei; dis'me] n [U] feeling of shock and discouragement 惊愕; 气馁; 灰心: * be filled/struck with dismay (at the news, etc) （得到这消息等）极为震惊 * He learned to his dismay that he had lost his job. 他得知自己失去了工作, 十分伤心. * We watched in blank dismay as she packed her bags. 我们瞧着她打行李, 感到无可奈何. 派生： dismay v [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] fill (sb) with dismay 使（某人）惊愕或气馁: We were all dismayed at his refusal to co-operate. 他不肯合作使我们感到非常失望.

dismember
[dis'membE(r); dis'membl] v [Tn] 1 cut or tear off the limbs of (a person or an animal) 切断或分裂（人或动物）的肢体; 肢解: * The victim's dismemberedbody was found in a trunk. 在一只大箱子里发现了受害者遭肢解的躯体. 2 divide (a country, etc) into parts; partition 瓜分（国家等）; 分割. > dismemberment n [U].

dismiss
[dis'mis; dis'mis] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from sth) remove sb (esp an employee) from a position 免除某人（尤指雇员）的职务; 开除; 解雇: * workers who havebeen unfairly dismissed 被无理解雇的工人. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr]~ sb (from sth) send sb away; allow sb to leave 把某人打发走; 让某人离开: * dismiss soldiers, a class 遣散士兵、 下课 * (fml 文) The duchess dismissed the servant (from her presence). 公爵夫人让那个仆人退下. 3 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (from sth) put (thoughts, feelings, etc) out of one's mind 屏除（思想、 感情等）: * He tried without success to dismiss her/her memory from his thoughts. 他尽量不去想她, 然而无济於事. (b) [Tn, Cn.n/a] ~ sb/sth (as sth) consider sb/sth not worth thinking or talking about 对某人[某事物]不予理会或不屑一提: * She was dismissed as a dreamer. 人们认为她是个空想家而不予理睬. * dismiss a suggestion, an objection, an idea, etc 不理会一建议、 异议、 主意等. 4 [Tn] (law 律) reject (a case, an appeal, etc) 驳回（讼案、 上诉等）. 5 [Tn] (in cricket) end the innings of (the other team or one of its batsmen) （板球赛中）迫使（对方球队或击球手）出局, 退场. 派生： dismissal/dis'misl; dis'misl] n (a) [U] action of dismissing 开除; 撤职; 解雇; 调离; 遣散; 屏除; 不予理会; 驳回; 退场: * a strike caused by the dismissal of two workers 因解雇两名工人而引起的罢工事件 * his rash dismissal of the offer 他对该提议轻率的拒绝. (b) [C] event of being dismissed 被解雇、 被撤职等的事件: * The dismissals led to a strike. 雇主解雇工人导致了罢工事件. dismissive adj ~ (of sb/sth) dismissing in a rude, brief and casual way （以粗暴、 轻率及漫不经心的态度）打发走或表示拒绝: a dismissive gesture, tone of voice, shrug of the shoulders 表示轻蔑的手势、 语调、 一耸肩 * Reviewers were dismissive, and the play closed within a week. 由於评论界持否定态度, 该剧上演不到一周便停止了.

dismiss1
* Don't be so dismissive of her talent. 可别小看了她的才能. dismissively adv.

dismount
[7dis'maunt; dis'maunt] v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (from sth) get off (a motor cycle, bicycle, horse, etc) 下（摩托车、 自行车、 马等）. Cf 参看 alight2 1. 2 [Tn] cause (sb) to fall, esp from a horse, etc 使（某人）掉下; （尤指）坠马等.

disobedient
[7disE'bi:diEnt; 7disE'bidiEnt] adj not obedient 不顺从的; 不服从的: * a disobedient child 不听话的孩子 * I was very disobedient towards my father. 我根本不听我父亲的话. 派生： disobedience[-iEns; -iEns] n [U] failure or refusal to obey 不顺从; 不服从: * an act of disobedience 违抗行为 * He was punished for his disobedience. 他因不顺从而受到惩罚. disobediently adv.

disobey
[7disE'bei; 7disE'be] v [I, Tn] not obey (a person, law, etc) 不服从, 违抗（某人、 法律等）.

disoblige
[7disE'blaidV; 7disE'blaidV] v [Tn] (fml 文) refuseto help or co-operate with (sb) 不肯帮助（某人）; 拒不与（某人）合作. > disobliging adj: * a disobliging manner, person, response 不愿合作的态度、 人、 反应 * Sorry to be so disobliging, but I have no money to lend you. 很抱歉, 爱莫能助, 我没有钱借给你. disobligingly adv.

disorder
[dis'C:dE(r); dis'Crdl] n 1 [U] confused or untidy state; lack of order 混乱; 凌乱; 无秩序: * with one's papers, thoughts, financial affairs in (complete) disorder 证件、 思绪、 财务（完全）乱七八糟地 * Everyone began shouting at once and the meeting broke up in disorder. 大家一下子全都喊叫起来, 会议秩序大乱而被迫中断. 2 (a) [U] disturbance of public order 骚乱: * The capital is calm, but continuing disorder has been reported elsewhere. 首都一片平静, 然而据报道在别的地方仍有持续的骚乱. (b) [C] riot 动乱; 暴乱: * The announcement led to violent civil disorders. 这项宣布引起了剧烈的内乱. 3 [C, U] disturbance of the normal working of the body or mind （身体或精神）不适, 疾病: * He's suffering from severe mental disorder. 他患有严重的精神病. * a disorder of the bowels 闹肚子. 派生： disorder v [Tn] disturb the order of (sth) 弄乱（某物）: disorder sb's papers, files, etc 把某人的证件、 档案等弄乱. disordered adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] suffering from lack of order or control 错乱的; 失调的: a disordered imagination, flow of words 精神错乱、 语无伦次 * He led a disordered life and died in poverty. 他生活毫无规律, 於贫困中死去. disorderly adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] 1 untidy 凌乱的; 无秩序的: a disorderly heap of clothes 乱七八糟的一堆衣服. 2 (of people or behaviour) showing a lack of self-control; disturbing public order （指人或行为）不能律己的, 妨碍治安的: a disorderly mob, demonstration, meeting, etc 扰乱社会秩序的暴民、 示威活动、 集会等 * (law 律) a disorderly house, ie where prostitution or illegal gambling is carried on 妓院（或非法赌场）. 3 (idm 习语) drunk and disorderly => drunk. disorderliness n [U].

disorganize, disorganise
[dis'C:gEnaiz; dis'CrgE7naiz] v [Tn] spoil the organized way (sb/sth) is supposed to work 打乱（某人[某事物]）的步骤或安排: * disorganize a schedule, plan, etc 打乱程序、 计划等. 派生： disorganization, -isation/dis7C:gEnai'zeiFn; - -ni'z-; dis7CrgEnE'zeFEn] n [U]. disorganized, -ised adj badly organized or planned 组织不善的; 计划不周的: She's so disorganized she never gets anything done. 她太缺乏条理了, 什麽事也做不成. * a disorganized lesson, holiday, household 凌乱无序的课、 计画不周的假期、 杂乱无章的家务.

disorientate
[dis'C:riEnteit; dis'Crien7tet] (also esp US disorient/dis'C:riEnt; dis'Cri7ent] ) v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] 1 cause (sb) to lose all sense of direction使（某人）迷失方向: * We were quite disorientated by the maze of streets. 街道曲曲弯弯的, 把我们弄得迷失了方向. 2 confuse (sb) 使（某人）神志迷乱: * I felt completely disorientated with the jet lag. 我乘长途飞机後因生理节奏失调而感到昏昏沉沉的. > disorientation/dIs9R:rIEn5teIFn; dIs9RrIEn`teFEn/ n [U].

disown
[dis'Eun; dis'on] v [Tn] refuse to be connected with (sb/sth), esp because one is shocked by some action 与（某人[某事物]）断绝关系, 脱离关系: * If you behave like that in front of my friends again, I'll disown you! 你要是当着我朋友的面再那样做, 我就和你一刀两断!

disparage
[di'spAridV; di'spAridV] v [Tn] suggest, esp unfairly, that (sb/sth) is of little value or importance 贬低, 轻视（某人[某事物]）（尤指欠公允）: * disparage sb's work, talents, achievements, character, etc 贬低某人的作 品、 才能、 成就、 品性等. > disparagement n [U]. disparaging adj: * disparaging remarks, comments, etc 贬低性的言语、 评论等. disparagingly adv: * speak disparagingly of sb/sb's efforts 诋毁某人[某人的成就].

disparate
[5dispErEt; 5dispErit] adj (fml 文) so different in kind or degree that they cannot be compared 迥然不同的; 无法比较的: * The five experiments gave quite disparate results. 这五次试验所获得的结果迥然不同. > disparately adv.

disparity
[di'spArEti; dis'pArEti] n (fml 文) [U, C] difference or inequality 不同; 不等: * disparity in age, rank, income, status, etc 年龄、 级别、 收入、 地位等方面的差距 * Comparison of the two accounts revealed numerous disparities. 把两本帐一比较, 发现有许多出入.

dispassionate
[di'spAFEnEt; dis'pAFEnit] adj (approv 褒) not influenced by emotion; impartial 不动感情的; 冷静的; 公平的: * a dispassionate view, observer, judgement 客观公正的见解、 观察家、 评判. > dispassionately adv: * She listened dispassionately but with great interest to both arguments. 她平心静气地听着, 然而对双方的理由都极为注意.

dispatch
1 (also despatch)[di'spAtF; di'spAtF] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (to...) send sb/sth off to a destination or for a special purpose 派遣（某人）; 发送（某事物）: * dispatch a letter, telegram, message, etc 发信、 电报、 消息等 * American warships have been dispatched to the area. 美国军舰已派往该地区. 2 [Tn] finish (a job, meal, etc) quickly 迅速做完（工作）; 匆匆吃完（饭）: * The chairman dispatched the meeting in 20 minutes. 主席仅用20分钟就结束了会议. 3 [Tn] give the death-blow to (sb/sth); kill 给予（某人[某物]）致命的一击; 杀死: * A vet dispatched the injured horse. 兽医把那匹受伤的马杀死了.

dispel
[di'spel; di'spel] v (-ll-) [Tn] drive (sth) away; cause to vanish 驱走（某事物）; 使消失: * dispel sb's doubts/fears/worries 消除某人的疑虑[恐惧/烦恼] * The company is trying to dispel rumours about a take-over. 公司力图澄清有关控制权转移的流言.

dispensable
[di'spensEbl; di'spensEbl] adj [usu pred 通常作表语] not necessary or essential 不必要; 不重要: * A garage is useful but dispensable. 汽车房虽然有用, 但不必要.

dispensary
[di'spensEri; di'spensEri] n (a) place in a hospital, school, etc where medicines are given out （医院、 学校等的）药房. (b) place where patients are treated; clinic 医务室; 诊所.

dispensation
[7dispen'seiFn; 7dispEn'seFEn] n 1 [U] (fml 文) action of dispensing or distributing 分配; 分发. 2 [U, C] (fml 文) apparent arrangement of events by Providence 神的安排; 天命; 天道. 3 [C, U] (religion 宗) (in the Roman Catholic Church) permission to break the normal rules of the church （天主教）特准（容许违反教会的常规）, 豁免: * She needs a special dispensation to marry her cousin. 她需要得到特准才能嫁给她的表亲. 4 [C] (religion 宗) religious system prevalent at a certain period 某一时代的宗教制度: * the Christian, Mosaic dispensation 基督教的教规、 摩西的律法.

dispense
[di'spens; di'spens] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) (a) give sth out; distribute sth 施予某物; 分配某物: * On Saturday morning my father solemnly dispensed pocket money to each of the children. 星期六上午我父亲郑重其事地给每个孩子发零花钱. * a machine dispensing paper towels 供应纸巾的机器. (b) (law 律) administer (justice) in court 执行（法律）. 2 [Tn] prepare and give out (medicine, esp that prescribed by a doctor) 配（药）和发（药）（尤指按医生处方）: * (Brit) a dispensing chemist 药剂师 * dispense a prescription, ie medicine that has been prescribed 按处方配药. 3 (phr v) dispense with sb/sth manage without sb/sth; get rid of sb/sth 用不着某人[某事物]; 摆脱某人[某事物]: * He is not yet well enough to dispense with the pills. 他尚未痊愈, 仍需吃药. * Let's dispense with formalities! 咱们不必拘礼了. * Formalities were dispensed with, ie People could speak frankly or naturally. 免除了客套. * Automation has largely dispensed with the need for manual checking, ie made it unnecessary. 实行了自动化就在很大程度上不需要人工检验了. 派生： dispenser n 1 device from which towels, liquid soap, paper cups, etc may be obtained 自动售货机（出售毛巾、 液体皂、 纸杯等）: a cash dispenser 自动提款机. 2 person who dispenses medicine 配药者; 药剂师.

disperse
[di'spE:s; di'spEs] v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] (cause sb/sth to) go in different directions; scatter; break up （使某人[某物]）散开; 消散; 驱散: * The crowd dispersed (in all directions). 人群散开了. * The wind dispersed the clouds. 风把云吹散了. 派生： dispersal/di'spE:sl; di'spEsl] n [U] action or process of dispersing 分散; 消散: * They called for the peaceful dispersal of the demonstrators. 他们要求示威者和平解散. dispersion/di'spE:Fn; - di'spE:rVn; di'spEVEn] n (a) [U] dispersal, esp of light 分散; 消散; （尤指光的）色散. (b) the Dispersion [sing] = the Diaspora.

dispirit
[di'spirit; di'spirit] v [Tn] discourage (sb); depress 使（某人）气馁; 使沮丧: * She refused to be dispirited by her long illness. 她并未因长期患病而萎靡不振. Cf 参看 demoralize. > dispirited adj [usu attrib 通常作定语]: * a dispirited air, look, expression, etc 心灰意懒的样子、 神色、 表情等. dispiritedly adv. dispiriting adj: * Our lack of progress is very dispiriting. 我们毫无进展真使人气馁.

displace
[dis'pleis; dis'ples] v [Tn] 1 move (sb/sth) from the usual or correct place 使（某人[某物]）离开原位. 2 (fml 文) take the place of (sb/sth) 取代, 替代, 置换（某人[某物]）: * Moderates have displaced the extremists on the committee. 在委员会中, 稳健派人士取代了激进派人士. * Weeds tend to displace other plants. 杂草越来越多, 有取代其他植物之势. 复合： ,displaced `person (dated 旧) refugee 难民; 流亡者.

displacement
[dis'pleismEnt; dis'plesmEnt] n 1 [U] displacing or being displaced 移位; 取代. 2 [C] (nautical 海) weight of water displaced by a ship floating in it, used as a measure of the ship's size 排水量: * a ship with a displacement of 10000 tons 排水量为10000吨的船只.

display
1[di'splei; di'sple] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) 1 put sth on show 展示、 表露或陈列某事物: * display a notice, goods for sale, one's anger, one's wealth 张贴布告、 陈列商品、 表现自己的愤怒、 炫 自己的财富 * It's the first time the painting has been displayed to the public. 这是该画首次公开展出. 2 show signs of having (a quality or an emotion, etc) 显示, 显露（某特性或情绪等）: * display one's ignorance, arrogance, fear, etc 显示出愚昧无知、 狂妄自大、 胆小怕事等 * Her writing displays natural talent. 她写的作品显示出她天赋极高.

displease
[dis'pli:z; dis'pliz] v [Tn] make (sb) feel upset or angry; annoy 惹恼, 触怒（某人）; 使生气: * He'd do anything rather than displease his parents. 他无论如何也不会惹父母生气. * Her insolence greatly displeased the judge. 她傲慢无礼, 大大地触怒了法官. > displeased adj ~ (with sb/sth): * He was rather displeased with his friends (for not having phoned to say they were coming). 他对朋友的做法有些不快（因为他们没有打电话告知要来）. * Many voters are displeased with the government's policies. 许多选民不满政府的政策. displeasing adj ~ (to sb/sth): * Modern music can at first seem displeasing to the ear. 现代音乐乍听起来可能让人很不舒服. * a displeasing habit (of talking too much) 令人厌烦的（唠叨）习惯. displeasingly adv.

displeasure
[dis'pleVE(r); dis'pleVl] n [U] displeased feeling; dissatisfaction 不悦; 不满: * His rash outburst incurred the displeasure of the judge. 他勃然大怒使法官不悦. * express one's displeasure at sth 对某事物表示不满.

disport
[di'spC:t; di'spCrt] v [Tn] ~ oneself (fml or joc 文或谑) amuse oneself energetically 欢娱; 取乐: * children disporting themselves like puppies on the beach 像一群小狗似的在海滩上嬉戏的儿童.

disposable
[di'spEuzEbl; di'spozEbl] adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] 1 made to be thrown away after use 用完即可丢弃的; 一次性的: * disposable razors, nappies, syringes, plates 一次性的剃刀、 尿片、 注射器、 盘子. 2 (finance 财) available for use 可动用的: * disposable assets, capital, resources, etc 可支配的资产、 资本、 资源等 * disposable income, ie that one can spend oneself after paying one's income tax, social security contributions, etc 可支配收入（缴纳所得税、 社会福利金等之後自己可以动用的部分）.

disposal
[di'spEuzl; di'spozl] n 1 [U] action of getting rid of sth 清除; 处理; 处置: * The safe disposal of nuclear waste is a major problem. 安全处置核废料是个大问题. * a bomb disposal squad 炸弹处理小组. 2 (idm 习语) at one's/sb's disposal available for one/sb to use as one wishes 供任意使用; 可自行支配: * Students have a well-stocked library at their disposal. 学生有个藏书丰富的图书馆, 非常方便. * The firm put a secretary at my disposal. 公司给我配备了一名秘书.

dispose
[di'spEuz; di'spoz] v 1 [Tn] (fml 文) place(sb/sth) in a suitable way; arrange 安排, 编排（某人[某事物]）; 布置: * troops disposed in battle formation 编成战斗队形的军队 * dispose the chairs/singers in a semi-circle 把椅子[唱歌的人]排成半圆形. 2 [Cn.t] (fml 文) make (sb) willing or ready to do sth 使（某人）愿意做某事物: * His criminal record does not dispose me to trust him. 他有前科, 我不能轻易相信他. 3 (phr v) dispose of sb/sth (a) get rid of sb/sth that one does not want or cannot keep 去除、 处理、 舍弃某人[某物]: * a better way of disposing of household waste 清除家中垃圾的好办法 * He was forced to dispose of (ie sell) his art treasures. 他被迫处理（卖）掉了自己的艺术珍藏. * All the furniture has been disposed of. 所有的家具都已处理掉了. (b) deal or finish with sb/sth that presents a problem 应付、 解决、 了结某人[某事物]: * She disposed of the champion in straight sets. 她一盘未输战胜了冠军. * The president ruthlessly disposed of his rivals, eg dismissed them, had them killed. 这位总统无情地除掉了政敌（如将他们撤职或杀害）. * Their objections were easily disposed of, ie successfully argued against. 他们的反对言论很容易就被驳倒了. (c) (no passive 不用於被动语态) (fml 文) have sb/sth available for use 随时可使用或支配某人[某事物]: * dispose of considerable wealth, power, influence, etc 随时可支配可观的财富、 行使很大的权力、 施加很大的影响.

disposed
[di'spEuzd; di'spozd] adj [pred 作表语] 1 ~ (to do sth) wanting or prepared to do sth 想（做某事）; 准备（做某事）: * I'm not disposed to meet them at the moment. 我不打算在此刻会见他们. * You're most welcome to join us if you feel so disposed. 你若有意参加, 我们无任欢迎. 2 (following an adv 用於副词之後) ~ towards sb/sth inclined to think that sb/sth is/is not good or worthwhile 认为某人[某事物]好[不好]或有价值[无价值]: * well/ill disposed towards sb/sth 对某人[某事物]有好感[无好感] * She's favourably disposed towards new ideas. 她对新思想持赞同的态度.

disposition
[7dispE'ziFn; 7dispE'ziFEn] n [sing] 1 person's natural qualities of mind and character 性情; 性格: * a calm, irritable, cheerful, boastful, etc disposition 沉静、 易怒、 开朗、 自负等的性格. 2 ~ to sth/to do sth (fml 文) inclination; tendency 意向; 倾向: * a disposition to jealousy/to be jealous 爱忌妒 * There was a general disposition to ignore the problem. 人们一般都忽视了这个问题. 3 arrangement; placing 安排; 布置: * A defector revealed the disposition of the enemy fleet. 有一名叛变者透露了敌方舰队的部署.

dispossess
[7dispE'zes; 7dispE'zes] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (of sth) take away property, land, a house, etc from sb 夺走（某人的财产、 土地、 房屋等）: * The nobles were dispossessed (of their estates) after the revolution. 革命後剥夺了贵族们的地产. 派生： the dispossessed n [pl v] people who have been dispossessed 被剥夺权利者. dispossession[7dispE'zeFn; 7dispE'zeFEn] n [U].

disproof
[dis'pru:f; dis'pruf] n (fml 文) (a) [U] disproving 反证明. (b) [C] thing that disproves 反证物.

disproportion
[7disprE'pC:Fn; 7disprE'pCrFEn] n [C, U] ~ (between sth and sth) (instance of) being out of proportion 不均衡; 不相称; 不成比例: * disproportion in age, size, weight, importance 年龄上的不相称、 尺寸上的不匀称、 重量上的不均衡、 重要性上的不相等 * the disproportion between her salary and her responsibilities 她薪金与职责的不相称. 派生： disproportionate[7disprE'pC:FEnEt; 7disprE'pCrFEnit] adj relatively too large or small, etc; out of proportion过大或过小的; 不成比例的: * You spend a disproportionateamount of your time on sport. 你在运动方面花费的时间过多. disproportionately adv: * Babies often seem to have disproportionately large heads. 婴儿往往显得头部过大.

disprove
[7dis'pru:v; dis'pruv] v [Tn] show that (sth) iswrong or false 证明（某事物）有误或有假: * The allegationshave been completely disproved. 这些指控证明完全是无中生有.

disputable
[di'spju:tEbl; di'spjutEbl] adj that may be questioned or argued about 成问题的; 有争议的: * He made some very disputable claims about his record. 他声称创造了新纪录, 那可大有争议. > disputably[-EblI; -EblI/ adv.

disputant
[di'spju:tEnt, also 'dispjutEnt; 5dispjutEnt] n (law or fml 律或文) person who disputes 争论者; 辩论者.

disputation
[7dispju:'teiFn; 7dispju'teFEn] n (fml 文) 1 [C, U] (instance of) disputing; controversy 争论; 辩论. 2 [C] (arch 古) formal academic debate 学术讨论.

disputatious
[7dispju:'teiFEs; 7dispju'teFEs] adj (fml 文) fond of arguing; inclined to argue 爱争论的; 好辩的. > disputatiously adv.

dispute
1[di'spju:t; di'spjut] n 1 [U] argument; debate 争论; 辩论: * There has been much dispute over the question of legalized abortion. 堕胎合法化问题引起了许多争论. * It is a matter of dispute (whether they did the right thing). （他们做得对还是不对,）这是有争议之处. * Their conclusions are open to dispute. 他们的结论可供商榷. 2 [C] quarrel; controversy 争吵; 争论; 辩论: * religious, political, industrial, etc disputes 宗教上的争论、 政治上的辩论、 劳资纠纷 * a border dispute that could easily become a war 容易引发战争的边界争端. 3 (idm 习语) beyond/past di`spute certain 无可争辩的; 确定无疑的: * Her courage is beyond all dispute. 她的勇气是无可置疑的. in di`spute that can be or is being argued about 可以争论; 在争议中: * The exact cause of the accident is still in dispute. 事故的真正起因仍有争议. * Your sincerity is not in dispute. 你的诚恳是无可置辩的. in dispute (with sb) involved in a (usu industrial) dispute 涉及（通常为劳资关系上的）纠纷: * We're in dispute (with the management) about overtime rates. 我们正（与资方）交涉加班费问题. without di`spute certainly 毫无疑义; 无争论馀地: * He is without dispute the better player. 他无疑是较优秀的选手.

disqualify
[dis'kwClifai; dis'kwalE7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from sth/doing sth) prevent sb from doing sth, usu because he has broken a rule or is not able enough 制止某人做某事（通常因其违反规则或能力不够）: * Her criminal record disqualifies her from serving on a jury. 她有犯罪前科所以不能当陪审员. * She was disqualified in the first round. 她在第一局里就被淘汰了. * The team has been disqualified from the competition. 该队已被取消参赛资格. > disqualification/dis7kwClifi'keiFn; 7diskwalEfE'keFEn] n [C, U]: * (a) disqualification for driving while drunk 因酒後驾驶而被吊销执照.

disquiet
[dis'kwaiEt; dis'kwaiEt] n [U] anxiety 忧虑; 不安: * The strength of the dollar is causing considerable disquiet on the Stock Exchange. 美元表现坚挺在证券交易所中引起很大的不安. 派生： disquiet v [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] make (sb) anxious; worry 使（某人）忧虑不安; 使着急; 使担心: be greatly disquieted by the fall in public support 因公众支持率的下降而大为不安. disquieting adj causing disquiet 北人不安的; 令人忧虑的: disquieting news 令人不安的消息. disquietingly adv: a disquietingly large number of accidents 事故之多令人忧虑.

disquisition
[7diskwi'ziFn; 7diskwE'ziFEn] n ~ (on sth) long elaborate spoken or written report or account （悉心作出的）长篇演讲或论文.

disregard
[7disri5ga:d; 7disri5gard] v [Tn] pay no attention to (eg a warning, an objection); treat (sth) as of no importance; ignore 不理会（如警告、 反对意见）; 不重视（某事物）; 忽视: * He completely disregarded my point of view. 他完全不理会我的观点. * You can't just disregard the security problem! 你可不能忽视安全问题! 派生： disregard n [U sing] ~ (for/of sb/sth) lack of attention or care 未加注意或留心; 忽视; 漠视: She shows a total disregard for other people and their feelings. 她显然丝毫也不顾及别人以及别人的感情. * fire-fighters working with a complete disregard of their own safety 奋不顾身的消防队员.

disrepair
[7disri5peE(r); 7disri5per] n [U] bad condition caused by lack of repairs 失修; 破损: * be in/fall into (a state of) disrepair 需要修理.

disreputable
[dis'repjutEbl; dis'repjEtEbl] adj (a) having a bad reputation 名声不好的; 不光彩的: * Soho is one of London's more disreputable areas. 索霍区是伦敦名声较差的街区. (b) not respectable or looking respectable不体面的; 不雅观的: * a disreputable suit, manner, appearance有失体面的服装、 举止、 外表 * I've been accused of using disreputable methods to get what I want. 我被指控采取不正当的手段以谋取私利. > disreputably[-EblI; -EblI/ adv.

disrepute
[7disri5pju:t; 7disri5pjut] n [U] state of having a bad reputation 名声不好; 不光彩: * The use of drugs is bringing the sport into disrepute. 因有人服食禁药, 这项运动蒙受了耻辱. * Since the scandal, the school has rather fallen into disrepute. 自从发生了这件丑闻, 该校名声大为下降.

disrespect
[7disri5spekt; 7disri5spekt] n [U] ~ (to/towards sb/sth) lack of respect; rudeness 不尊敬; 无礼: * He meant no disrespect by that remark, ie did not mean to be rude. 他的话并无不敬之意. * No disrespect (to you), but I think you are wrong. 我（对你）没有别的意思, 只不过认为你错了. 派生： disrespectful[-fl; -fEl] adj ~ (to/towards sb/sth) showing disrespect 无礼的; 不尊敬的: * We often criticize the Government, but we're never disrespectful towards the Royal Family. 我们经常抨击政府, 但对皇室从无不敬之意. disrespectfully[-fEli; -fEli] adv.

disrobe
[dis'rEub; dis'rob] v [I] (a) (fml or joc 文或谑) undress 脱衣服. (b) take official or ceremonial robes off 脱去制服或礼服: * The Queen disrobed after the ceremony. 女王在仪式过後脱去了王袍.

disrupt
[dis'rQpt; dis'rQpt] v [Tn] cause disorder in (sth) 将（某事物）弄乱; 扰乱（某事物）: * Demonstrators succeeded in disrupting the meeting. 示威者扰乱了会议. * Fog disrupted traffic. 大雾使交通陷於混乱. 派生： disruption/dis'rQpFn; dis'rQpFEn] n [C, U]: * violent disruption caused by rioters 暴徒们造成的大动乱 * disruptions of our production schedule 我们的生产计划之被打乱. disruptive/dis'rQptiv; dis'rQptiv] adj causing disruption 制造混乱的: * A few disruptive students can easily ruin a class. 只要有几个爱捣乱的学生, 就能把全班搅乱. disruptively adv: * act, behave, etc disruptively 存心捣乱.

dissatisfaction
[7di7sAtis'fAkFn; 7dissAtis'fAkFEn] n [U] ~ (with sb/sth); ~ (at doing sth) lack of satisfaction 不满意; 不满足: * Letters from viewers express their dissatisfaction with current programmes. 电视观众来信表示对当前节目不满. * MPs voice public dissatisfaction at having to pay higher taxes. 下议院议员道出了公众对增加税收的不满.

dissatisfied
[di'sAtisfaid; dis'sAtis7faid] adj ~ (with sb/sth); ~ (at doing sth) not satisfied; discontented 不满意的; 不满足的: * a dissatisfied customer 感到不满意的顾客 * I'm thoroughly dissatisfied with your work. 我完全不满意你的工作. * She's very dissatisfied at not getting a bonus. 她因未能获得奖金而深为不满.

dissect
[di'sekt; di'sekt] v [Tn] 1 cut up (a dead body, a plant, etc) in order to study its structure 解剖（动植物等）. 2 (fig 比喻) examine (a theory, an event, etc) in great detail 剖析（理论、 事件等）: * Commentators are still dissecting the election results. 评论家仍在剖析此次选举的结果. * The film has been minutely dissected by the critics. 影评家对这部影片作了详细的分析. 派生： dissection/di'sekFn; di'sekFEn] n [C, U] (instance of) dissecting or being dissected 解剖; 剖析: * Her first dissection made her change her mind about becoming a doctor. 她进行了首次解剖後就改变了要当医生的想法.

dissemble
[di'sembl; di'sembl] v [I, Tn] (fml 文) hide or disguise (one's true thoughts and feelings); dissimulate 掩盖（真实的思想感情）; 假装: * dissemble one's intentions, meaning, motives, etc 掩盖自己的意图、 意思、 动机等. 派生： dissembler/di'semblE(r); di'sembll] n (fml 文) person who dissembles 隐藏自己真实思想感情的人.

disseminate
[di'semineit; di'semE7net] v [Tn] spread (ideas, beliefs, etc) widely 散布, 广为传播（思想、 信仰等）: * They use the press to disseminate right-wing views. 他们利用报刊来传播右翼观点. > dissemination/ dI9semI5neIFn; dI9sZmE`neFEn/ n [U].

dissension
[di'senFn; di'senFEn] n [U, C] angry disagreement 争执: * deal with dissension in the party 处理党内斗争 * Father's will caused much dissension among his children. 父亲的遗嘱引起了子女之间的纷争.

dissent
1[di'sent; di'sent] n [U] holding opinions which differ from common or officially held ones 持有异议（不同於普通的或官方的见解）: * their public dissent from official party policy 他们对党的官方政策公然表示异议的观点 * In those days, religious dissent was not tolerated. 那年头不容许对宗教信仰持异议.

dissertation
[7disE'teiFn; 7disl'teFEn] n [C] ~ (on sth) long essay on a particular subject, esp one written for a doctorate or similar degree; thesis 专题论文; （尤指）博士学位之类的论文: * a dissertation on Arabic dialects 论述阿拉伯语方言的论文.

disservice
[dis'sE:vis; dis'sEvis] n ~ (to sb/sth) [C, U] harmful or unhelpful action 损害; 危害; 伤害: * She did her cause (a) great disservice by concealing the truth. 她隐瞒了真相, 这对她所参与的事业极为不利.

dissident
[5disidEnt; 5disEdEnt] n person who strongly disagrees with or opposes official views and policies 持不同政见者: * left-wing dissidents 左翼持不同政见者 * [attrib 作定语] dissident groups, writings, opinions 持不同政见者的组织、 着作、 观点. > dissidence[5disidEns;'disEdEns] n [U].

dissimilar
[di'similE(r); di'simEll] adj ~ (from/tosb/sth) not the same; unlike 不相同的; 不相似的: * These wines are not dissimilar, ie quite similar. 这些酒都差不多. * Her latest book is quite dissimilar from her previous one. 她新近写的这本书跟她以前写的截然不同. > dissimilarity[7disimi'lArEti; di7simE'lArEti] n [C, U]: * They correct any dissimilarity between batches of work. 他们改正各批活儿不统一之处. dissimilarly adv.

dissimulate
[di'simjuleit; di'simjE7let] v [I, Tn] (fml 文) hide or disguise (one's thoughts and feelings); dissemble 隐藏, 掩盖（思想感情）; 假装. > dissimulation/ dI9sImjU5leIFn; dI9sImjE`leFEn/ n [U, C].

dissipate
[5disipeit; 5disE7pet] v 1 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) scatter or vanish （使某事物）消散, 消失: * The mist quickly dissipated as the sun rose. 太阳升起时雾很快就消散了. * Her son's letter dissipated all her fears and anxiety. 她儿子的来信消除了她一切恐惧和焦虑. 2 [Tn] waste (time, money, etc) foolishly 浪费（时间、 金钱等）: * dissipate one's efforts, energies, fortune 浪费自己的精力、 体力、 财产. 派生： dissipated adj (derog 贬) given to foolish and harmful pleasures 放荡的; 浪荡的: lead a thoroughly dissipated life 过极为放荡的生活. dissipation[7disi'peiFn; 7disE'peFEn] n [U] 1 dissipating or being dissipated 驱散; 消散; 浪费. 2 dissipated living 放荡的生活: * Years of dissipation had ruined his health. 多年的放荡生活毁掉了他的健康.

dissociate
[di'sEuFieit; di'soFi7et] (also disassociate,/ 9dIsE5sEUFIeIt; 9dIsE`soFI9Et/) v [Tn.pr] 1 ~ sb/sth from sth separate (people or things) in one's thoughts or feelings （在思想或感情方面）将（人或事物）分开: * dissociate two ideas/one idea from another 把两个概念[一个概念与另一个概念]分开 * You cannot dissociate the Government's actions from the policies which underlie them. 不能把政府的措施同作为其根据的政策割裂开. 2 ~ oneself from sb/sth say that one does not agree with or support sb/sth 声言不赞成或不支持某人[某事物]: * I wish to dissociate myself from those views. 我想表明我本人是不赞成那些观点的. > dissociation/ dI9sEUsI5eIFn; dI9sosI`eFEn/ (also disassociation) n [U].

dissoluble
[di'sCljubl; di'saljEbl] adj that can be dissolved 可溶解的: * (fig 比喻) Is a marriage dissoluble? ie Can it be ended? 婚约能解除吗? > dissolubility/di7sClju'bilEti; di7saljE'bilEti] n [U].

dissolute
[5disElu:t; 5disE7lut] adj immoral; dissipated 道德沦丧的; 放荡的: * lead a dissolute life 过放荡的生活 * a dissolute and worthless character 行为放荡一无是处的人. > dissolutely adv. dissoluteness n [U].

dissolution
[7disE'lu:Fn; 7disE'luFEn] n [C, U] ~ (of sth) breaking up (of sth); dissolving 破裂; 瓦解; 解体; 分解; 溶解: * the dissolution of a marriage, a business partnership, the Roman Empire 婚姻关系的解除、 商业合伙关系的终止、 罗马帝国的解体 * the dissolution of Parliament, ie the ending of the current session by the monarch before a general election 议会的解散（普选前君主解散本届议会）.

dissolve
[di'zClv; di'zalv] v 1 (a) [Tn] (of a liquid) make (a solid) become liquid （指液体）使（固体）溶解: * Water dissolves salt. 水能溶解盐. (b) [I, Ipr] ~ (in sth) (of a solid) become part of a liquid （指固体）溶解: * Salt dissolves in water. 盐在水中溶解. (c) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in sth) cause (a solid) to dissolve 使（固体）溶解: * Dissolve the salt in water. 使盐在水中溶解. 2 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (away) remove or destroy (sth solid, esp dirt) 除去, 消除（某固体物质, 尤指脏物）: * The cream dissolves facial hair. 这种化妆品能清除脸上的汗毛. * a powder that dissolves stains away 消除色斑的粉剂. 3 [I, Ipr] ~ (in sth) disappear; fade away 消失; 消散: * All his hopes dissolved at the terrible news. 那个极坏的消息使他的一切希望都破灭了. * The view dissolved in mist. 那景色在雾中消失了. 4 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) come to an end （使某事物）终止, 结束, 解除, 解散: * Parliament dissolves tomorrow. 议会定於明日解散. * dissolve a business partnership, marriage, society, etc 结束商业合伙关系、 解除婚姻关系、 解散会社. 5 [Ipr] ~ in sth give way to emotion 情不自禁: * dissolve in tears/laughter/giggles 不禁潸然泪下[哈哈大笑/咯咯地笑].

dissonance
[5disEnEns; 5disEnEns] n 1 [U] discord 不和谐; 不一致. 2 [C] (music 音) combination of notes that is discordant 不协和音.

dissonant
[5disEnEnt; 5disEnEnt] adj not harmonious; discordant 不和谐的; 不一致的. > dissonantly adv.

dissuade
[di'sweid; di'swed] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from sth/doing sth) (try to) stop sb by advice or persuasion （企图）劝阻某人: * The police managed to dissuade him from jumping off the building. 警方已设法劝他不要从大楼上跳下来. 派生： dissuasion/di'sweiVn; di'sweVEn] n [U]. dissuasive/di'sweisiv; di'swesiv] adj dissuading 劝阻的.

distaff
[5dista:f; - 'distAf; 5distAf] n 1 stick holding wool, flax, etc for spinning by hand （手工的）纺纱 . 2 (idm 习语) on the distaff side on the mother's side of the family 母系的.

distance
1[5distEns; 5distEns] n 1 [C, U] (amount of) space between two points or places 距离; 间距: * A good cyclist can cover distances of over a hundred miles a day. 自行车骑得好的人一天可以行驶一百多英里. * It's a great/some/no distance from here, ie very/fairly/not far away. 离此处很[相当/不]远. * a short, long, great, etc distance 短的、 长的、 很大的...距离 * In the USA distance is measured in miles, not kilometres. 在美国, 测量距离用英里, 不用公里. * The beach is within walking distance of my house, ie near enough to be reached easily on foot. 海滩离我家不远, 走几步就到了. * (fig 比喻) at a distance of fifty years 时隔五十年. =>App 4 见附录4. 2 [C, U] distant place or point 远处; 远方: * At a distance of six miles you can't see much. 距离六英里以外的东西很难看清. * He won't hit the target at that distance. 他打不中那样远的目标的. 3 [U] being separated in space or by time （空间或时间的）相距: * Distance is no problem with modern telecommunications. 在电信发达的今天, 相距遥远已不再是什麽问题了. 4 [U] coldness or remoteness in personal relationships （人际关系的）冷淡, 疏远: * Is his distance a result of snobbery or shyness? 他态度冷淡是因为他势利眼呢, 还是因为他 腆? 5 (idm 习语) go the `distance (esp in sports) continue to run, fight, etc until the end of a contest （尤指运动）继续跑完全程、 赛足全局等: * Nobody thought he'd last 15 rounds, but he went the full distance. 没有人认为他会坚持15个回合, 然而他终於打满了全局. * You need perseverance to win in politics and I doubt if he can go the distance. 在政治上, 需要矢志不移才能取胜, 我怀疑他能否坚持到底. in the `distance far away 在远处; 在远方. keep one's `distance (from sb/sth) (a) not get too close (to sb/sth) （与某人[某事物]）保持一定距离: * I would keep my distance from that dog, if I were you! 我要是你, 就离那条狗远一点!

distance1
(b) not become friendly or familiar (with a person, cause, etc) （对人、 事业等）冷淡, 疏远: * He was asked many times to join the party, but he always kept his distance. 人家好几次要他参加那个政党, 但他的反应总是很冷淡. keep sb at a `distance refuse to let sb become familiar or friendly 与某人保持一定距离; 不愿与某人亲近. Cf 参看 the near distance (near1), the middle distance (middle).

distant
[5distEnt; 5distEnt] adj 1 (sometimes used with measurements 有时与测量单位连用) far away in space or time （空间或时间）远隔的, 遥远的: * a distant land, cry, flash of light 遥远的地方、 远处的叫声、 远处的闪光 * the distant horizon, past 遥远的天际、 过去 * The airport is about ten miles distant from the city. 机场距离城市大约十英里远. 2 (a) [attrib 作定语] (of people) not closely related （指人）远亲的: * She is a distant cousin of mine. 她是我的远房表妹. (b) (of a connection, similarity, etc) not very strong or clear （指联结、 相似性等）不太强的, 不明显的: * There is a distant connection between the two theories. 这两种学说之间没有什麽关联. 3 not very friendly; reserved 不太友好的; 不太热情的; 冷漠的: * a distant nod, attitude, greeting, manner 不太热情的点头、 态度、 招呼、 举止. 4 (idm 习语) dim and distant => dim. > distantly adv: * We're distantly related. 我们是远亲. * His style distantly resembles that of Wilde. 他的文风与王尔德略微有些相似. * She smiled distantly at us. 她朝我们淡然地微笑.

distaste
[dis'teist; dis'test] n [U sing] ~ (for sb/sth) dislike; aversion 不喜欢; 厌恶: * turn away in distaste 厌恶地走开 * a distaste for violent sports 不喜欢剧烈的运动. 派生： distasteful/dis'teistfl; dis'testfEl] adj ~ (to sb) unpleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的; 不合意的; 讨厌的: * distasteful behaviour 讨厌的行为 * a distasteful incident 使人不愉快的事儿 * Even the thought of her was distasteful to him. 他即使一想起她来, 都感到恶心. distastefully[-fEli; -fEli] adv. distastefulness/ dIs5teIstfElnIs; dIs`testfElnIs/ n [U].

distemper
1[di'stempE(r); dis'templ] n [U] (Brit) (old method of painting with) colouring matter mixed with water and brushed on walls, etc 刷墙水粉; 用刷墙水粉涂刷的一种旧方法. 派生： distemper v [Tn, Cn.a] paint (sth) with distemper 用刷墙水粉涂刷（某物）: distemper the walls green 用刷墙水粉把墙壁刷成绿色.

distend
[di'stend; di'stend] v [I, Tn] (fml 文) (cause sth to) swell by means of pressure from inside （使某物）膨胀: * a distended intestine, stomach, vein, etc 膨胀的肠、 胃、 静脉等. 派生： distension (US distention)[di'stenFn; di'stenFEn] n [U] swelling or being swollen 膨胀; 胀大.

distil
(US distill)[di'stil; di'stil] v (-ll-) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) (a) turn (a liquid) to vapour by heating, then collect the drops of liquid that condense from the vapour when cooled 蒸馏: * distil fresh water from sea-water 用蒸馏法从海水中制取淡水. (b) make (spirits or essences) in this way 用蒸馏法制（酒或香精）: * The Scots have distilled whisky for centuries. 苏格兰人用蒸馏法制威士忌酒已有数百年历史. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) draw or derive sth (from sth) 吸取或提取某事物: * useful advice distilled from a lifetime's experience 从一生的经历中得出的有益的教训. 3 (phr v) distil sth off/out purify (a liquid) by turning it to vapour, etc 用蒸馏法对（液体）提纯: * Sea-water can be made drinkable by distilling out the salt. 可以用蒸馏法除去海水中的盐分以制取饮用水. 派生： distillation[7disti'leiFn; 7distE'leFEn] n 1 [C, U] (substance made by) distilling 蒸馏; 馏出液; 馏出物. 2 [C, U] reduction; essence 摘要; 精华: * This book offers a distillation of Wittgenstein's thought in a mere fifty pages. 这本书在不过五十页的篇幅里向人们提供了维特根斯坦思想的精髓.

distiller
[di'stilE(r); di'still] n person or company that distils (esp whisky, etc) 采用蒸馏法（尤指制威士忌酒等）的业者或公司; 酿酒者; 酿酒厂 派生： distillery/di'stilEri; di'stilEri] n place where gin, whisky, etc are distilled （制造杜松子酒、 威士忌酒等的）蒸馏所, 制酒厂. Cf 参看 brewery (brew).

distinct
[di'stiNkt; di'stiNkt] adj 1 easily heard, seen, felt or understood; definite 清楚的; 清晰的; 明显的; 明白的; 明确的: * The footprints are quite distinct; they must be fresh. 足迹清晰易辨, 一定是不久前留下来的. * I had the distinct impression that I was being watched. 我很明显地感觉到有人在监视我. * There was a distinct sense of embarrassment in the air. 周围的气氛中有一种明显的局促不安的感觉. 2 ~ (from sth) different in kind; separate 种类不同的; 分开的: * Although they look similar, these plants are actually quite distinct. 尽管这些植物看起来很相似, 实际上却属於完全不同的种类. * Mozart's style is quite distinct from Haydn's. 莫扎特在风格上与海顿截然不同. * Astronomy, as distinct from astrology, is an exact science. 天文学是一门严谨的科学, 与占星术完全不同. 派生： distinctly adv in a distinct manner; clearly 清楚地; 明显地: But I distinctly remember you promising to phone me! 可我记得清清楚楚你是答应了要给我打电话! distinctness n [U].

distinction
[di'stiNkFn; di'stiNkFEn] n 1 [C, U] ~ (between A and B ) difference or contrast between one person or thing and another 差别; 对比: * He drew a quite artificial distinction between men and women readers. 他把男读者和女读者硬是人为地区分开来. * I don't understand your distinction: * surely all painting is art? 我不明白你为什麽要有所区分, 所有的绘画不都是艺术吗? 2 (fml 文) (a) [U] separation of things or people into different groups according to quality, grade, etc （事物或人按其质量、 品质、 等级等的）区分: * without distinction (ie regardless) of rank 不分级别. (b) [C] detail that separates in this way （按此方式划分的）类别, 等级: * distinctions of birth and wealth 按出身和财富划分的类别. 3 [C] mark of honour; title, decoration, etc 荣誉的标志; 荣衔、 勋章等: * an academic distinction, eg a doctor's degree 学术上的荣衔（如博士学位） * win a distinction for bravery 因表现英勇而获得勋章. 4 [U] quality of being excellent or distinguished 优秀; 卓越: * a writer, novel, work of distinction 优秀的作家、 小说、 作品 * She had the distinction of being the first woman to swim the Channel. 她卓尔不群, 因为她是第一个横渡英吉利海峡的女子.

distinctive
[di'stiNktiv; di'stiNktiv] adj ~ (of sth) that distinguishes sth by making it different from others 特别的; 有特色的: * a distinctive appearance, style, smell 特殊的外表、 风格、 气味 * Long complex sentences are distinctive of Henry James's later style. 亨利．詹姆斯晚期作品的风格特色是擅长使用长复合句. > distinctively adv: * distinctively coloured 有特殊色彩的. distinctiveness n [U].

distinguish
[di'stiNgwiF; di'stiNgwiF] v 1 [Ipr, Tn.pr] ~ (between) A and B; ~ A from B recognize the difference between (people or things) 区别, 辨别（人或事物）: * People who cannot distinguish between colours are said to be colour-blind. 不能辨别颜色的人称为色盲. * The twins are so alike that no one can distinguish one from the other. 这对孪生儿长得很像, 无人能分辨出谁是谁. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ A (from B) (a) show the difference between (one person or thing and another) 显示（两者）之间的差别: * The male is distinguished (from the female) by its red beak. 由喙部为红色这一特点可以辨认出其为雄性（以区别於雌性）. (b) be a characteristic mark or property of sb/sth; make sb/sth different 为某人[某事物]之特徵或特性; 使某人[某事物]有所不同: * Speech distinguishes human beings from the animals. 使用言语是人类有别於动物的特徵. 3 [Tn] manage to see, hear, etc (sth) 看清、 听清...（某事物）: * distinguish distant objects, a shape in the mist, a whispered conversation 辨别出远处的物体、 雾中的朦胧形象、 窃窃私语声. 4 [Tn] ~ oneself deserve to be noticed by doing sth very well （因善於做某事）受人注目, 出名: * She distinguished herself by her coolness and bravery. 她因头脑冷静、 敢作敢为而为人称道. 派生： distinguishable/di'stiNgwiFEbl; di'stiNgwiFEbl] adj [usu pred 通常作表语] ~ (from sb/sth): * The coast was barely distinguishable in the mist. 在雾中很难看清海岸. * Vipers are distinguishable from other snakes by their markings. 根据蛇身上的斑纹就能把┹蛇同其他蛇类区别开来. distinguished adj 1 dignified in appearance or manner （外表或举止上）有尊严的, 高贵的: I think grey hair makes you look rather distinguished. 我觉得你灰白的头发使你看上去很有尊严. 2 showing remarkable qualities 卓越的; 杰出的: a distinguished career 非凡的事业 * She is a distinguished novelist and philosopher. 她是一个杰出的小说家和哲学家.

distort
[di'stC:t; dis'tCrt] v [Tn] 1 pull or twist (sth) out of its usual shape 使（某物）变形; 扭曲, 弄歪（某物）: * a heap of distorted metal 一堆变了形的金属东西 * a face distorted by pain 因疼痛而扭曲的脸. 2 make (sth) look or sound unnatural 使（某物）失真: * a distorting mirror, ie one which makes people look long and thin, short and fat, etc 哈哈镜 * The announcement was so distorted that I couldn't understand what was said. 通告播出的声音严重失真, 我听不懂说的是什麽. 3 give a false account of (sth); misrepresent 歪曲（某事物）; 曲解: * distort sb's words, motives, point of view, etc 歪曲某人的言语、 动机、 观点等 * The Government were accused of having systematically distorted the protesters' case. 政府有计划地歪曲抗议者的观点而受到非难. 派生： distortion/di'stC:Fn; dis'tCrFEn] n [C, U] (instance of) distorting or being distorted 变形; 扭曲; 歪曲; 曲解: * a distortion of the facts 对事实的歪曲.

distract
[di'strAkt; di'strAkt] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from sth) stop sb concentrating on sth 使某人分心; 分散或扰乱某人的注意力: * Children are so easily distracted. 儿童的注意力很不容易集中. * Don't distract my attention I'm trying to study! 别分散我的注意力--我正要学习呢! * The film managed to distract me from these problems for a while. 这部影片分散了我的注意力, 让我暂时忘记了这些难题. 派生： distracted adj ~ (with/by sth) unable to concentrate properly, esp because of one's strong feelings 精神不能集中的（尤指因激动）: distracted with joy, fear, sorrow, anxiety, etc 因高兴、 恐惧、 悲伤、 忧虑等而精神不能集中. distractedly adv: He paced up and down distractedly. 他心烦意乱地踱来踱去. distracting adj: a very distracting noise 很分散注意力的嘈杂声. distractingly adv.

distraction
[di'strAkFn; di'strAkFEn] n 1 [U] distracting or being distracted 注意力分散; 精神不集中. 2 [C] noise, sight, etc that distracts the attention and prevents concentration 使人分心的事物（如噪声、 景象等）: * He found the noise of the photographers a distraction. 他觉得摄影师们的嘈杂声分散了他的注意力. 3 [C] thing or event that amuses or entertains 娱乐; 消遣: * TV can be a welcome distraction after a hard day's work. 辛苦一天之後, 看看电视有时算是很美的消遣. 4 [U] state of mental distress （精神上的）痛苦; 心烦意乱. 5 (idm 习语) to di`straction almost to a state of madness 几乎到了疯狂的地步: * He loves her to distraction. 他爱她爱得发狂. * You'll drive me to distraction with your silly questions! 你的那些傻问题简直要我的命!

distrain
[di'strein; di'stren] v [I, Ipr] ~ (upon sb/sth) (law 律) seize a person's property or belongings to force him to pay what he owes (esp rent) 扣押某人之财物（以迫使其偿付债款, 尤指租金）. 派生： distraint n [U] act or process of distraining 扣押财物.

distrait
[di'strei; di'stre] adj absent-minded; not paying attention 心不在焉的; 不注意的.

distraught
[di'strC:t; di'strCt] adj very troubled in mind with grief or worry 心烦意乱的; 忧心如焚的.

distress
1[di'stres; di'stres] n 1 (a) [U, sing] (cause of) great pain, sorrow, suffering, etc 极大的痛苦、 悲伤、 苦难等（的缘由）: * Towards the end of the marathon several runners showed signs of distress. 马拉松赛接近终点时, 有些参赛者显出极难受的样子. * Her death was a great distress to all the family. 她去世後全家人极为悲痛. (b) [U] (suffering caused by) lack of money, food, etc 贫困; 困苦: * The Government acted quickly to relieve the widespread distress caused by the earthquake. 地震造成广泛地区的灾难, 政府迅速采取行动赈济灾民. 2 [U] state of being in danger or difficulty and requiring help 危难; 困境: * a ship in di`stress 遇险的船 * [attrib 作定语] a di`stress signal/call/flag 呼救信号[求救呼叫/遇难信号旗]. 3 (idm 习语) a damsel in distress => damsel. 派生： distressful/di'stresfl; di'stresfEl] adj = distressing. distressfully adv.

distribute
[di'stribju:t; di'stribjut] v [Tn, Tn.pr] 1 ~ sth (to/among sb/sth) separate sth into parts and give a share to each person or thing 分发、 分配某事物: * In a co-operative profits are distributed among the work-force. 在合作社中, 利润是在全体劳动者中进行分配的. * The demonstrators distributed leaflets to passers-by. 示威者向行人分发传单. 2 spread (sth); scatter; place at different parts 使（某物）散开; 散布; 分散放置: * Baggage loaded onto an aircraft must be evenly distributed. 飞机载运的行李应均匀放置在各个部位. 派生： distribution[7distri5bju:Fn; 7distrE'bjuFEn] n [C, U] 1 (instance of) giving or being given to each of several people, etc 分发; 分配; 分送: * the distribution of catalogues, forms, prizes, etc 目录、 表格、 奖品等的分发. 2 (instance of the) positioning or allocation of items, features, etc within an area 分布: * the distribution of schools in this district 这个区里的学校分布情况 * Pines have a very wide distribution. 松树的分布很广. distributor/di'stribjutE(r); di'stribjEtl] n 1 person or thing that distributes, esp an agent who supplies goods to shops in a certain area 分发者; 分配者; （尤指）批发商. 2 device that passes electric current to the sparking-plugs in an engine 配电器; 配电盘.

distributive
[di'stribjutiv; di'stribjEtiv] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] 1 concerned with distribution(2) 关於分布的: * the distributive trades, eg transport, retailing, etc 经销业（如运送、 零售等）. 2 (grammar) referring to each individual member of a class 分布的; 个别的: * `Each', `every', `either' and `neither' are distributive pronouns. each every either neither都是分布代词. > distributively adv.

district
[5distrikt; 5distrikt] n 1 part of a country or town having a particular quality 地区; 区域: * mountainous, agricultural, outlying, poor, gloomy districts 山区、 农业区域、 边远地区、 贫穷地区、 黑暗地区 * the `Lake District （英格兰西北部的）湖区. 2 area of a country or town treated as an administrative unit 行政区: * a `postal district 邮政区 * rural and urban districts, ie units of local government 乡区和市区（地方行政单位） * [attrib 作定语] district `councils 区议会. 复合： ,district at`torney (US) (abbr 缩写 DA) public prosecutor representing a State or the Federal government in a judicial district （代表州政府或联邦政府在管区内执法的）地方检察官. ,district `nurse (Brit dated 旧) nurse visiting patients in their homes 区域护士（在区域内登门服务者）.

distrust
[dis'trQst; dis'trQst] n [U, sing] lack of trust; suspicion 不信任; 怀疑: * Negotiations between unions and management are made more difficult by mutual distrust. 工会和资方之间的谈判由於互不信任而愈加困难. * He has a distrust of strangers. 他不信任陌生人. 派生： distrust v [Tn] have no confidence or belief in (sb/sth) 不信任（某人[某事物]）: He's so suspicious he would distrust his own mother. 他这人疑心太重, 连自己的母亲也不相信. distrustful[-ful; -fEl] adj having or showing distrust; suspicious 不信任的; 猜疑的. distrustfully[-fEli; -fEli] adv.

disturb
[di'stE:b; di'stEb] v [Tn] 1 move (sth) from a settled or usual position or state 搅乱, 弄乱（某事物）: * Don't disturb the papers on my desk. 别把我写字台上的文件弄乱了. 2 break the rest, concentration or calm of (sb/sth) 打扰, 干扰, 骚扰（某人[某事物]）: * She opened the door quietly so as not to disturb the sleeping child. 她轻轻地开门, 以免惊扰了睡着的孩子. * Exam in Progress Do Not Disturb 正在考试--请勿打扰 * No sound disturbed the silence of the evening. 入夜时分, 万籁俱寂. 3 cause (sb) to worry 使（某人）烦恼或不安: * disturbing developments, reports, symptoms 使人感到不安的事态发展、 报道、 症状. 4 (idm 习语) disturb the `peace (law 律) break the law by making too much noise, quarrelling or fighting publicly, etc 扰乱治安. 派生： disturbed adj (psychology 心) over-reacting to stress 困扰: He is emotionally disturbed. 他情绪困扰.

disturbance
[di'stE:bEns; dis'tEbEns] n 1 (a) [U] disturbing or being disturbed 搅乱; 弄乱; 打扰; 干扰; 骚扰; 烦扰. (b) [sing] person or thing that disturbs 进行骚扰的人或事物: * The teacher told him to leave as he was a disturbance to the other students. 因为他干扰了其他学生, 所以老师叫他出去. 2 [C] instance of social unrest; riot 社会动乱; 骚乱: * violent disturbances in inner-city areas 发生在市中心区的激烈骚乱. 3 [U] (psychology 心) over-reaction to stress 对压力的过度反应; 困扰: * suffer an emotional disturbance 情绪受到困扰.

disunion
[dis'ju:niEn; dis'junjEn] n [U] (fml 文) 1 separating or being separated 分离; 分裂. 2 disagreement 分歧; 不和.

disunite
[7disju:'nait; 7disju'nait] v [I, Tn] (cause sb/sth to) become separate （使某人[某事物]）分离, 分裂.

disunity
[dis'ju:nEti; dis'juniti] n [U] lack of unity; disagreement 不统一; 不一致; 不和: * There should be no disunity within our party. 我们党内不应该存有分歧.

disuse
[dis'ju:s; dis'jus] n [U] state of not being used 不用; 废弃: * rusty from disuse 因弃置不用而生锈 * words that have fallen into disuse 废弃不用的词语. 派生： disused/dis'ju:zd; dis'juzd] adj no longer used 不再使用的: * a disused railway line 停止运营的铁路线.

disyllable
[di'silEbl, dai'silEbl; di'silEbl, dai'silEbl] (US dissyllable[7dis-; 7dis-] ) n disyllabic word or metrical foot 双音节词; 双音节韵步. Cf 参看 monosyllable. 派生： disyllabic/ 9dIsI5lAbIk, 9daIsI5lAbIk; 9dIsI`lAbIk,9daIsE`lAbIk] (US dissyllabic[7dis-; 7dis-] ) adj consisting of two syllables 双音节的.

ditch
[ditF; ditF] n 1 narrow channel dug at the edge of a field, road, etc, esp to hold or carry off water （田边、 路边等挖掘的）沟（尤指用以蓄水或排水者）. 2 (idm 习语) dull as ditch-water => dull. the last ditch => last1. 派生： ditch v 1 [I, Tn] land (an aircraft) in the sea in an emergency 使（飞行器）在海上紧急降落; 迫降: A sudden engine failure forced the pilot to ditch (in the Irish Sea). 由於发动机突然出现故障, 飞行员不得不（在爱尔兰海上）紧急降落. 2 [Tn] (infml 口) abandon (sb/sth); get rid of 抛弃（某人[某事物]）; 摆脱: I hear she's ditched her boy-friend, ie stopped seeing him. 听说她把男朋友给甩了. * When the road became impassable, we had to ditch the car and walk. 道路无法通行时, 我们只好弃车步行. 3 [I] make or repair ditches 挖沟; 修沟: hedging and ditching 篱和挖沟.

dither
[5diTE(r); 5diTl] v [I, Ipr] ~ (about sth) hesitate about what to do; be unable to decide 踌躇; 犹豫不决: * Stop dithering about which film you want to see or you'll miss them both! 到底看哪一部影片, 别再犹豫了, 不然的话, 两部影片你都要耽误了! 派生： dither n 1 [sing] state of dithering 犹豫: in a dither 在犹豫中. 2 (idm 习语) all of a `dither (infml 口) very confused and unable to decide 心慌意乱的; 茫然无措的. have the `dithers (infml 口) hesitate anxiously 张皇失措.

ditto
[5ditEu; 5dito] n (abbr 缩写 do) (used in lists to avoid repetition 用在表格中以避免重复) the same thing again 同上; 同前: * 1 doz bottles white wine 2.25 a bottle; ditto red 3. 一打白葡萄酒, 每瓶2.25英镑; 同上数量的红葡萄酒, 每瓶3英镑. 复合： `ditto marks marks (") representing ditto used in lists, tables, bills, etc （"）表示‘同上’或‘同前’的符号（用於表格、 目录、 清单等中）.

ditty
[5diti; 5diti] n (often joc 常作戏谑语) short simple song 小曲; 小调.

diuretic
[7daiju'retik; 7daiju'retik] n, adj (medical 医) (substance) causing an increase in the flow of urine 利尿剂; 利尿的: * Coffee is a diuretic. 咖啡是一种利尿剂. * a diuretic drug 利尿药.

diurnal
[dai'E:nl; dai'Enl] adj 1 (biology 生) of the daytime; not nocturnal 白天的; 白昼的: * Unlike most other bats, this species is diurnal. 这种蝙蝠与大多数蝙蝠不同, 是在日间活动的. 2 (astronomy 天) occupying one day 周日的: * the diurnal movement of the planets 行星的周日运行. > diurnally adv.

Div
abbr 缩写 = division(3b): Manchester United, League Div 1 曼彻斯特联队, 足球联赛甲组.

divan
[di'vn; - 'daivn; 5daivAn] n 1 long low couch without a back or arms （无靠背无扶手的）长沙发. 2 (also di,van `bed) low bed resembling this （像上述沙发的）矮床.

dive
1[daiv; daiv] v (pt, pp dived; US also pt dove/dEUv; dov/) 1 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (from/off sth) (into sth); ~ (off/in) go head first into water （头先入水）跳水: * He dived from the bridge to rescue the drowning child. 他从桥上跳入水中去抢救那溺水儿童. 2 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (down) (for sth) (of a submarine, diver, etc) go under water or to a deeper level under water （指潜水艇、 潜水员等）潜水: * The whale dived as the harpoon struck it. 鲸鱼被鱼叉射中後潜入水中. * dive for pearls 潜水采珠. 3 [I, Ipr, Ip] (of an aircraft) go steeply downwards （指飞行器）急剧俯冲. 4 [Ipr] ~ into, under, etc sth move quickly in a specified direction 向某方向冲去或奔去: * dive under the bed 很快钻到床底下 * When the rain started, we dived into a cafe. 雨下了起来, 我们立即跑进了一家小餐馆. 5 (phr v) dive for sth move quickly towards or in search of sth 扑向某物; 急W: * dive for the phone, the gun, etc 急忙过去拿听筒、 枪等 * We dived for cover when the storm started. 暴风雨来临时, 我们急忙寻找躲避的地方. dive into sth/in (fml 文) (a) move one's hand quickly into sth 迅速将手伸入某物中: * dive into one's pocket, briefcase, etc 立即把手伸进衣袋、 公事包等. (b) involve oneself completely in sth 一心投入某事物: * dive into a new project 潜心钻研一个新项目. 派生： diver n person who dives, esp one who works under water using a diving-suit 潜水者; （尤指）潜水员. 复合： `dive-bomb v [I, Tn] (of an aeroplane, a pilot, etc) drop bombs on (sth) after having dived steeply downwards （指飞机、 飞行员等）俯冲轰炸. `dive-bomber n aircraft designed to do this 俯冲轰炸机. `diving-bell n bell-shaped device supplied with air in which people can work under water 潜水钟. `diving-board n board for diving from （跳水用的）跳板. `diving-suit n watertight suit worn by divers with a helmet into which air can be pumped 潜水衣.

diverge
[dai'vE:dV; dai'vEdV] v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (from sth) (a) (of lines, roads, etc) separate and go in different directions, becoming further apart （指线条、 道路等）分叉, 岔开: * The M6 diverges from the M1 just north of Rugby. 6号高速公路与1号高速公路在拉格比市以北处岔开. * (fig 比喻) Until their paths diverged Lennon and McCartney wrote many hits together. 伦农和麦卡特尼在分道扬镳之前一同写过许多成功之作. =>illus at converge 见converge之插图. (b) (fml 文) (of opinions, etc) differ （指意见等）分歧: * Our views diverged so greatly that it was impossible to agree. 我们的观点存在着严重的分歧, 绝无调和馀地. 2 [Ipr] ~ from sth turn away from (a plan, standard, etc) 偏离（计划、 标准等）: * diverge from the truth, norm, usual procedure 不符合事实、 规范、 一般程序. Cf 参看 converge. > divergence/dai'vE:dVEns; dai'vEdVEns] (also divergency[-dVEnsi; -dVEnsi] ) n [C, U]. divergent[-dVEnt; -dVEnt] adj: * divergent paths, opinions 岔路、 歧见.

divers
[5daivEz; 5daivlz] adj (arch 古) various; several 各种各样的; 好几个的.

diverse
[dai'vE:s; dai'vEs] adj of different kinds; varied 多种多样的; 不同的: * people from diverse cultures 不同文化背景的人 * Her interests are very diverse. 她的兴趣非常广泛.

diversify
[dai'vE:sifai; dai'vEsE7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) 1 [Tn] give variety to (sth); vary 使（某事物）多样化; 使不同: * diversify one's skills, interests, etc 培养自己多方面的技能、 兴趣等 * We must try to diversify the syllabus to attract more students. 我们应该使教学大纲内容多样化, 可以多吸引学生. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (into sth) (commerce 商) (esp of a business) vary the range of products, investments, etc in order to reduce risk or expand operations （尤指企业）从事多种经营, 多元化: * The choice facing the company is simple: * diversify or go bankrupt. 摆在公司面前的道路不难选择: * 要麽进行多种经营, 要麽破产. * Some publishers are now diversifying into software. 有些出版社目前正兼营软件. > diversification/dai7vE:sifi'keiFn; dai7vEsEfE'keFEn] n [U, C].

diversion
[dai'vE:Fn; - dai'vE:rVn; dai'vEVEn] n 1 (a) [U] action of turning sth aside or changing its direction 偏离; 转向: * the diversion of a stream, one's thoughts 河流的改道、 思想的转变 * the diversion of flights because of fog 由於有雾而造成的班机航向偏离. (b) [C] instance of this 偏离; 转向. 2 [C] (esp Brit) (US detour) alternative route for use by traffic when the usual road is temporarily closed （道路禁止通行时的）临时绕行路: * Sorry I'm late there was a diversion. 对不起, 我迟到了--因为改道的缘故. 3 [C] entertaining activity, esp one that turns the attention from work, study, etc 消遣, 娱乐（尤指使注意力从工作、 学习等中转移开者）: * the diversions of city life 城市生活中的各种消遣 * It's difficult to concentrate when there are so many diversions. 娱乐活动多了就很难集中精神. 4 [C] thing designed to draw attention away from sth one does not want to be noticed 用以转移视线的事物; 为转移注意力而制造的假象: * One of the gang created a diversion in the street while the others robbed the bank. 一名匪徒在街上制造事端引人注目, 其馀匪徒则抢劫银行. > diversionary/ daI5v\:FEnErI; US daI5v\:rVEnerI; daI`v[VEn9ZrI/ adj: * diversionary action, tactics, raids, etc 牵制性的行动、 战术、 突袭等.

diversity
[dai'vE:sEti; dai'vEsEti] n [U, sing] state of being varied; variety 多种多样; 多样性: * a wide diversity of opinion 看法上的众说纷纭.

divert
[dai'vE:t; dai'vEt] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (from sth) (to sth) turn sb/sth from one course to another 转移某人的注意力; 使某事物转向: * divert traffic (from one road to another) 使车辆绕道行驶 * divert a ship (from its course) 使船只转变航向 * divert sb's attention, thoughts, energies, etc 将某人的注意力、 思想、 精力等转移到别处. 2 [Tn] entertain or amuse (sb) 使（某人）得到消遣或娱乐: * Children are easily diverted. 孩子们有娱乐就很高兴. 派生： diverting adj entertaining 可资消遣的; 娱乐的; 有趣的. divertingly adv.

divest
[dai'vest; dai'vest] v [Tn.pr] (fml 文) 1 ~ sb of sth take off (sb's clothes) 脱去（某人的衣服）: * divest a queen of her robes 为女王脱去王袍. 2 ~ sb of sth take away (sb's power, rights, responsibility, etc) 解除（某人的权力、 权利、 责任等）: * The disgraced official was divested of all authority. 该失势官员失去了一切权力. 3 ~ oneself of sth rid oneself of (a feeling, an idea, etc) 使自己摆脱（某种感情、 思想等）: * He could not divest himself of the suspicion that his wife was being unfaithful. 他无法消除自己的疑心, 总觉得妻子不忠.

divide
1[di'vaid; dE'vaid] v 1 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (up) (into sth) (cause sth to) split or break into parts; separate （使某物）分割开; 分开; 分隔: * The train divides at York. 这列火车在约克市调动车厢分途行驶. * divide a large house (up) into flats 把一所大房子分隔成若干套间 * divide a novel (up) into chapters 把一部小说划分为若干章节 * divide the class (up) into small groups 把那个班分成几个小组. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (out/up) (between/among sb) break sth into parts and give a share to each of a number of individuals 分或分配某事物: * divide out/up the money, food, reward 分钱、 食物、 赏金 * We divided the work between us. 我们分担这工作. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (between A and B) split sth up, esp one's time, and use parts of it for different activities, etc; apportion sth 将某事物分割开; （尤指）分配时间; 分派某事物: * He divides his energies between politics and business. 他把一部分精力用来搞政治, 一部分用来搞业务. 4 [Tn.pr] ~ A from B separate or be the boundary between (two people or things) 将（两者）分隔开; 在（两者）之间划分界线: * The English Channel divides England from France. 英吉利海峡把英法两国分隔开来. 5 [Tn] cause (two or more people) to disagree 使（人）产生分歧: * This issue has divided the Government. 这一问题在政府中引起意见分歧. * The Government is divided (on this issue). 政府（在这一问题上）意见不统一. 6 (a) [Tn.pr] ~ sth by sth find out how many times one number is contained in another 某数除以某数: * 30 divided by 6 is 5. 30除以6等於5. (b) ~ into sth be able to be multiplied to give another number （用某数）除某数: * 5 divides into 30 6 times. 用5除30等於6. 7 [I, Tn] (esp Brit) (cause Parliament to) vote, by separating into groups for and against a motion （使议会）分组表决:

divide1
* After a long debate the House divided, ie voted on the question. 议院经过长时间辩论之後, 进行了分组表决. * divide the House, ie ask for a vote to be taken 要求议院付诸表决. 派生： divider n thing that divides sth 分隔物: a `room divider, ie a screen, etc that divides a room into two parts 分隔房间的隔板.

dividend
[5dividend; 5divE7dend] n 1 (commerce 商) share of profits paid to share-holders in a company, or to winners in a football pool （付给股票持有者的）股息, 红利; （付给足球赛打赌赢家的）彩金: * declare a dividend, ie state what proportion of profits are to be divided among share-holders 宣布发放股息 * an annual dividend of 8% 年度股息8%. 2 (mathematics 数) number that is to be divided by another 被除数. Cf 参看 divisor. 3 (idm 习语) pay dividends => pay2.

dividers
[di'vaidEz; dE'vaidlz] n [pl] instrument used for measuring lines, angles, etc 分线规; 两脚规: * a pair of dividers 一副分线规. =>illus at compass之插图compass.

divination
[7divi'neiFn; 7divE'neFEn] n [U] foretelling the future by supernatural means 占卜; （以超自然的方法）预测.

divine
1[di'vain; dE'vain] adj 1 [usu attrib 通常作定语] of, from or like God or a god 上帝或神的; 上帝或神赐予的; 如同神灵的: * Di,vine `Service, ie the public worship of God （公众对上帝的）礼拜. 2 (infml 口) wonderful, lovely, etc 极好的、 可爱的等: * You look simply divine, darling! 你简直动人极了, 亲爱的! > divinely adv: * You dance divinely. 你跳舞跳得棒极了.

divinity
[di'vinEti; dE'vinEti] n 1 [U] quality of being divine1(1) 神性: * the divinity of Christ 基督的神性. 2 [C] god or goddess 神; 女神: * the Roman, Greek, Egyptian divinities 罗马、 希腊、 埃及诸神. 3 [U] theology 神学: * a doctor of divinity 神学博士.

divisible
[di'vizEbl; dE'vizEbl] adj [usu pred 通常作表语] ~ (by sth) (mathematics 数) that can be divided, usu with no remainder 可除; （通常指）可除尽: * 8 is divisible by 2 and 4, but not by 3. 8可被2和4除尽, 但不能被3.

division
[di'viVn; dE'viVEn] n 1 [U] (a) dividing or being divided 分; 分割; 划分: * the division of wealth 财产的分配. (b) dividing one number by another 除; 除法: * Are you any good at division? 你的除法好吗? 2 [sing] (often preceded by an adj 常用於形容词之後) result of dividing 分的结果: * a fair/unfair division of money 金钱的公平[不公平]分配. 3 [C] (a) any of the parts into which sth is divided 分出来的一部分. (b) (abbr 缩写 Div) major unit or section of an organization （组织或机构的）单位, 部门（如处、 科、 组、 军队的师等）: the `sales division of our company 本公司的销售部 * Our team plays in the first di`vision (of the football league). 本队在（足球联赛）甲组参赛. * the `parachute division 空降师. 4 [C] dividing line 分界线: A hedge forms the division between her land and mine. 有一道树篱在她的土地和我的土地之间形成了分界线. 5 [C, U] (instance of) disagreement or difference in thought, way of life, etc （思想、 生活方式等的）歧异, 差别, 分化现象: the deep/widening divisions in society today 当今社会中巨大的[日益加大的]差距. 6 [C] (esp Brit) (in Parliament) act of voting （议会中的）分组表决: The Bill was read without a division. 该法案未经分组表决即进行宣读. * The opposition threatened to force a division on the motion. 反对派威胁要强行将该动议分组表决. 派生： divisional/di'viVEnl; dE'viVEnl] adj [attrib 作定语] of a division(3) 分出的; 分支的; 师的: * di,visional com`mander, head`quarters, etc 师长、 师指挥部. 复合： di`vision-bell n (Brit) bell rung to warn Members of Parliament not present in the House that there is to be a division(6) （英国议院通知场外议员的）分组表决铃. di`vision lobby (also lobby) (Brit) (in Parliament) one of two corridors where Members of Parliament go to vote （议院中的）两个分组投票厅之一.

division1
di`vision sign n sign () placed between two numbers, showing that the first is to be divided by the second 除号（divisive /// /di'vaisiv; dE'vaisiv] adj causing disagreement or disunity among people 造成不和的; 导致分裂的: * a divisive influence, policy, effect 导致分裂的势力、 政策、 作用. > divisively adv. divisiveness n [U].

divisor
[di'vaizE(r); dE'vaizl] n (mathematics 数) number by which another number is divided 除数. Cf 参看 dividend.

divorce
1[di'vC:s; dE'vCrs] n 1 [C, U] ~ (from sb) (instance of the) legal ending of a marriage 离婚; 离异: * ask/sue for a divorce 申请离婚 * get/obtain a divorce 获准离婚 * grounds (ie legal reasons) for divorce 离婚的理由（法律根据） * Divorce is on the increase. 离婚案不断增多. * [attrib 作定语] start di`vorce proceedings 提出离婚诉讼. 2 [C] (fig 比喻) ending of a connection; separation 断绝关系; 分离: * the divorce between religion and science 宗教与科学分道扬镳.

divot
[5divEt; 5divEt] n piece of turf cut out by a golf club when making a stroke （高尔夫球棒击球时削起的一小块）草皮.

divulge
[dai'vQldV; dE'vQldV] v [Tn, Tn.pr, Tw] ~ sth (to sb) make known (sth secret) 泄露（秘密）: * divulge a confidential report, sb's identity, one's age 泄露机密、 某人的身分、 自己的年龄 * I cannot divulge how much it cost. 我不能把价钱泄露出来. > divulgence/ daI5vQldVEns; dE`vQldVEns/ n [U].

divvy
[5divi; 5divi] n (dated Brit infml 旧, 口) dividend(1), esp one paid by a co-operative society （旧时）股息, 红利. 派生： divvy v (pt, pp divvied) (phr v) divvy sth up (infml 口) share sth out; distribute 分某物; 分发: They divvied up the winnings between them. 他们瓜分了赢得的钱.

Dixie
[5diksi; 5diksi] n (US infml 口) southern states of the US, esp those that formed the Confederacy in 1860-61 美国南部各州（尤指18601861年间组成邦联者）. 复合： `Dixieland[-lAnd; -7lAnd] n 1 (US) = Dixie. 2 (also dixieland) [U] style of jazz with a strong two-beat rhythm, originating in New Orleans 迪克西兰爵士乐（每节两拍, 节奏感强, 源出新奥尔良）: * Do you like Dixieland? 你喜欢迪克西兰爵士乐吗? * [attrib 作定语] a dixieland band 演奏迪克西兰爵士乐的乐队.

DIY
[7di: ai 'wai; 7di ai 'wai] abbr 缩写 = (Brit infml 口) do it yourself : * a DIY kit 供购买者自行装配的成套零件 * DIY enthusiasts 喜欢自己动手干的人.

dizzy
[5dizi; 5dizi] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 (of a person) feeling as if everything is spinning around; unable to balance; confused （指人）头晕的, 眩晕的, 失去平衡的, 昏乱的: * After another glass of whisky I began to feel dizzy. 我又喝了一杯威士忌酒之後, 就觉得头晕目眩. 2 of or causing this feeling 使人眩晕的; 使人迷乱的: * a dizzy spell 一阵头晕 * a dizzy height, speed 使人眩晕的高度、 速度. 派生：dizzily adv. dizziness n [U]. dizzy v (pt, pp dizzied) [Tn] make (sb) dizzy 使（某人）眩晕.

DJ
[7di: 'dVei; 7di 'dVe] abbr 缩写 = (infml 口) 1 (Brit) dinner-jacket. 2 disc jockey: * He's a radio DJ. 他是电台的流行音乐节目主持人.

dl
abbr 缩写 = (pl unchanged or dls 复数或不变或作dls) decilitre: 10 dl 10分升.

DLitt
[7di: 'lit; 7di 'lit] (also Litt D) abbr 缩写 = Doctor of Letters 文学博士: * have/be a DLitt in English 有英国文学博士学位[为英国文学博士] * Jane Pearce DLitt简．皮尔斯文学博士.

DM
(also D-mark) abbr 缩写 = unit of money in Germany (German Deutsche Mark) 马克（源自德文Deutsche Mark): DM 650 650马克.

DMus
[7di:'mQs; 7di'mQs] abbr 缩写 = Doctor of Music 音乐博士: * have/be a DMus 有音乐博士学位[为音乐博士] * Simon Potter DMus 西蒙．波特音乐博士.

DNA
[7di: en 'ei; 7di en 'e] abbr 缩写 = (chemistry 化) deoxyribonucleic acid (the basic constituent of the gene) 脱氧核糖核酸（基因的基本成分）.

do
1[du:; du] aux v (neg 否定式 do not, contracted form 缩约式 don't/dEunt; dont] ; 3rd pers sing pres t does/ dEz; dEz; strong form 强读式 dQz; dQz/, neg 否定式 does not, contracted form 缩约式 doesn't[5dQznt; 5dQznt] ; pt did/did; did] , neg 否定式 did not, contracted form 缩约式 didn't[5didnt; 5didnt] ; pp done/dQn; dQn] ) 1 (a) (used in front of a full v to form negative sentences and questions 用於实动词之前以构成否定句及疑问句): * * I don't like fish. 我不喜欢鱼. * They didn't go to Paris. 他们没去巴黎. * Don't forget to write. 别忘了写信. * Does she speak French? 她会说法语吗? * Do you believe him? 你相信他吗? * Did they take you home? 是他们把你送到家的吗? (b) (used to make tag questions 用以构成附加问句): * * You live in London, don't you? 你住在伦敦, 是吗? * He married his boss's daughter, didn't he? 他娶了老板的女儿, 是吗? * She doesn't work here, does she? 她不在此地工作, 是吗? 2 (used when no other aux v is present to emphasize that a verb is positive 用於句中无其他助动词时, 以加强动词的肯定语气): * * He `does look tired. 他确实显得很疲倦. * She `did write to say thank you. 她的确写信向你道谢了. * Do shut up! 住口! * Do say you'll stay for supper! 务必吃完晚饭再走! 3 (used to reverse the order of the subject and v when an adv or adverbial phrase is moved to the front 当副词或副词词组移置到句首时, 用以改变主语和动词的语序): * * Not only does she speak Spanish, (but) she also knows how to type. 她不但会说西班牙语, 还会打字呢. * (fml 文) So much did they eat that they could not move for the next hour. 他们吃得太多了, 一个小时都动弹不得. * (fml 文) Rarely did she request help but this was a matter of urgency. 她很少求助於人, 这事却是十分紧急.

do1
4 (used to avoid repetition of a full v 用以代替实动词, 避免重复): * * He drives faster than he did a year ago. 他开车比一年以前快了. * She works harder than he does. 她工作比他努力. * `Who won?’ `I did.’ ‘谁赢了?’‘我赢了.’

doc
[dCk; dak] n (infml 口) (used as a term of address) doctor （用作称呼语）医生.

docile
[5dEusail; - 'dCsl; 5dasl] adj (of a person or an animal) easy to control （指人或动物）容易控制的, 驯服的: * a docile child, dog, personality 温顺的孩子、 狗、 个性. > docilely[-sailli; - -sEli; -sli] adv. docility/ dEU5sIlEtI; do`sIlEtI/ n [U].

dock
1[dCk; dak] n 1 [C] part of a port, etc where ships go for loading, unloading or repair, esp one fitted with gates to control the water level 码头; 船埠; （尤指）船坞: * go into/be in dock 进入[在]船坞 * [attrib 作定语] dock workers 码头工人. 2 docks [pl] grouping of docks with the wharves, sheds, etc round them （设有码头、 货棚等的）港区: * work at the docks 在港区工作. 3 [C] (esp US) ship's berth; wharf 泊位; 码头. 派生： docker n person who loads and unloads ships 码头工人. 复合： `dockland[-lAnd; -7lAnd] n [U, C] district near a dockyard （邻近船厂的）厂区. `dockyard n area with docks and equipment for building and repairing ships 造船厂; 修船厂.

docket
[5dCkit; 5dakit] n 1 (commerce 商) document or label listing goods delivered, jobs done, contents of a package, etc 单据, 标签（送货单、 完工报表、 包裹单等）. 2 (US law 律) list of cases awaiting trial 备审案件目录表; 诉讼摘录. 派生： docket v [Tn] (a) write (sth) on a docket 将（某事物）列入一览表. (b) label (sth) with a docket 给（某物）附上内容标签.

doctor
[5dCktE(r); 5daktl] n (abbr 缩写 Dr) 1 person who has been trained in medical science 医生; 大夫: * You'd better see a doctor about that cut. 你最好去找医生看看你那伤口. * Doctor Thompson 汤普森医生. 2 person who has received the highest university degree 博士: * Doctor of Philosophy, Science, Letters, Law, etc 哲学、 理学、 文学、 法学等博士. 派生： doctor v [Tn] 1 (infml 口) give medical treatment for (sth) or to (sb) 医治（某病）; 为（某人）治病: doctor a cold, a child 医治感冒、 给小孩治病. 2 neuter (a cat, dog, etc) 阉割（猫、 狗等）. 3 (infml 口) add sth harmful to (food or drink) 将有害物质搀入（食物或饮料）中: They doctored her fruit juice with vodka and she got very drunk. 他们在她喝的果汁里搀入了伏特加酒致使她酩酊大醉. 4 (infml 口) change (sth) in order to deceive 窜改, 伪造（某事物）: doctor the evidence, the accounts, a report 伪造证据、 窜改帐目、 作假报告. doctoral[5dCktErEl; 5daktErEl] adj [attrib 作定语] of or relating to a doctorate 博士的; 博士学位的: * a doctoral thesis 博士论文. doctorate[5dCktErEt; 5daktErit] n highest university degree 博士学位: * She's studying for her doctorate. 她正在攻读博士学位.

doctrinaire
[7dCktri5neE(r); 7daktri5ner] adj (derog 贬) rigidly applying a theory with no concern for practical problems 空谈理论的; 教条主义的: * doctrinaire attitudes, beliefs, criticisms 教条主义的态度、 信条、 批评.

doctrine
[5dCktrin; 5daktrin] n [C, U] (any of a) set of beliefs held by a church, political party, group of scientists, etc 教义; 主义; 学说; 信条: * Catholic doctrines 天主教教义 * Marxist doctrine 马克思的学说 * This is a matter of doctrine, ie must be accepted as true. 这是个基本信条（必须承认其为真理）. > doctrinal/dCk'trainl; - 'dCktrinl; 5daktrinl] adj [attrib 作定语]: * doctrinal controversy 有关教义的论争 * (derog 贬) a rigidly doctrinal approach, response, upbringing 教条式的方法、 反应、 教养.

document
[5dCkjumEnt; 5dakjEmEnt] n paper, form, book, etc giving information about sth, evidence or proof of sth 文件; 公文; 文献: * The spy stole secret government documents. 间谍窃去了政府的秘密文件. * study all the documents in a case, ie one being heard in court 研究案件的全部证件 * legal documents, eg deeds of property, wills, etc 法律文件（如财产的契约、 遗嘱等）. 派生： document[5dCkjument; 5dakjE7ment] v [Tn] prove or support (sth) with documents 用文件证实或证明（某事）: * Can you document these claims? 你能为这些要求提供证件吗? * a badly-/well-documented report, ie (not) supporting its statements by referring to evidence 证据不足[充足]的报告. documentation[7dCkjumen'teiFn; 7dakjEmen'teFEn] n [U] 1 documenting or being documented 文件或证据的提供或备办. 2 documents provided as evidence or proof of sth 证件: * We haven't enough documentation to process your claim. 我们还没有足够的证明文件来审理你的要求.

documentary
[7dCkju'mentri; 7dakjE'mentEri] adj [attrib 作定语] 1 consisting of documents 文件的; 文献的: * documentary evidence, proof, sources 书面证据、 证件、 文件来源. 2 giving a factual report of some subject or activity, esp by using pictures, recordings, etc of people involved 记实的, 记录的（尤指提供图片、 录音等材料）: * a documentary account of the Vietnam war 关於越南战争的记实报道 * documentary films showing the lives of working people 反映劳动人民生活的纪录片. 派生： documentary[7dCkju'mentri; 7dakjE'mentEri] n documentary film, or radio or TV programme 纪录片; 记实的广播或电视节目: * a documentary on/about drug abuse 关於滥用毒品的纪录片.

dodder
[5dCdE(r); 5dadl] v [I, Ipr, Ip] (infml 口) move or act in a shaky unsteady way, because of old age or weakness （因年老或体弱）步履不稳, 摇摇晃晃: * He doddered down the street. 他踉踉跄跄沿街走去. * dodder along, about, around, etc 颤颤悠悠地四处走动. 派生： dodderer[5dCdErE(r); 5dadErl] n 1 (infml 口) person who dodders 蹒跚而行的人. 2 (derog 贬) old person 老人. doddering[5dCdEriN; 5dadEriN] (also doddery/ 5dCdErI; `dBdErI/) adjs weak and uncertain in movement 行动无力而不稳的.

doddle
[7dCdl; 5dadl] n [sing] (infml 口) task or activity that is easily performed 轻而易举的任务或活动: * That hill's an absolute doddle (to climb). （爬）上那座山岗毫不费力. * It's no doddle being a teacher, you know. 你知道, 当老师决非易事.

dodge
1[dCdV; dadV] v 1 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn] move quickly and suddenly to one side in order to avoid (sb/sth) 闪开; 躲开; 躲避: * He dodged to left and right as the gunman opened fire. 持枪歹徒开火时他东躲西闪. * She dodged round the corner. 她在角落处躲躲闪闪. * (fig 比喻) I'll leave early so as to dodge the rush-hour. 我要早早动身以 避过交通拥挤时间. 2 [Tn, Tg] (infml 口) avoid doing (sth) by cleverness or trickery 施计避免做（某事物）: * dodge military service 逃避兵役 * dodge awkward questions 回避令人尴尬的问题 * He always manages to dodge doing the housework. 他总是千方百计避免做家务. 派生： dodger n (infml 口) person who avoids doing sth 逃避者; 回避者; 躲避者: Make sure she pays her share she's a bit of a dodger. 她自己的一份一定要她付清--她可是有点能赖就赖.

dodgems
[5dCdVEmz; 5dadVEmz] n [pl] (also `dodgem cars) (Brit) (at fun fairs) small electric cars whose drivers try to bump other cars while dodging those that try to bump them 碰碰车: * have a go on the dodgems 去玩碰碰车.

dodgy
[5dCdVi; 5dadVi] adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口 esp Brit)1 (of a person) likely to be dishonest; cunning （指人）诡诈的, 狡猾的: * He's a dodgy bloke I wouldn't trust him an inch. 他是个诡计多端的家伙--我一点都不相信他. 2 difficult or dangerous 困难的; 危险的: * Cycle across America? Sounds a bit dodgy to me. 骑自行车横越美国? 听起来有些冒险.

dodo
[5dEudEu; 5dodo] n (pl ~s or ~es) 1 large bird, now extinct, that was unable to fly and that lived on Mauritius 渡渡鸟（巨鸟, 不能飞行, 原产毛里求斯, 已绝种）. 2 (idm 习语) dead as a/the dodo => dead.

doe
[dEu; do] n female deer, reindeer, rabbit or hare雌鹿; 雌兔. =>illus at deer 见deer之插图. Cf 参看fawn1, hind2, stag 1.

doer
[5du:E(r); 5dul] n (approv 褒) person who does things rather than thinking or talking about them 实干家; 身体力行者: * We need more doers and fewer organizers. 我们需要的是实干的人多些, 组织的人少些.

doff
[dCf; - dC:f; dCf] v [Tn] (fml 文) take off (one's hat) 脱（帽）. Cf 参看 don2.

dog
1[dCg; - dC:g; dCg] n 1 [C] (a) common domestic animal kept by human beings for work, hunting, etc or as a pet 狗; 犬. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page iii. (b) male of this animal, or of the wolf or fox 公狗; 公狼; 公狐. Cf 参看 bitch 1. (c) the dogs [pl] (infml 口) (betting on the result of) greyhound racing 赛狗（的赌博）: * I won 10 on the dogs. 我赛狗赢了10英镑. 2 [C] (a) (preceded by an adj 前用形容词修饰) (dated infml 旧, 口) fellow 人; 家伙: * a sly, lucky, gay dog 狡猾之徒、 幸运儿、 快乐的家伙 * You dirty (ie dishonourable) dog! 你这个无耻的小人! (b) (dated 旧) wicked or worthless man 邪恶的人; 卑鄙之徒: * He's a vile dog! 他是个无耻之徒! 3 [C] mechanical device for gripping things 卡具, 夹具（卡、 夹等机械装置）. 4 [C] = andiron. 5 (idm 习语) (a case of) ,dog eat `dog ruthless competition 残酷无情的竞争; 自相残杀. a ,dog in the `manger person who stops others enjoying sth he cannot use or does not want 狗占马槽; 占着茅坑不拉屎的人: * [attrib 作定语] a ,dog-in-the-manger `attitude 占着茅坑不拉屎的态度. a dog's `breakfast/`dinner (infml 口) muddle or mess 乱糟糟; 一团糟: * He's made a real dog's breakfast of these accounts. 他把这些帐目搞得一团糟. dressed like a dog's dinner => dress2. every dog has his/its `day (saying 谚) everyone enjoys good luck or success sooner or later 凡人皆有得意时. give a dog a bad `name (and `hang him) (saying 谚) once a person has lost his reputation, it is difficult for him to regain it because others continue to condemn or suspect him 一朝坏名声, 十年洗不清; 名誉一毁, 万难挽回. go to the `dogs (infml 口) (of an organization, institution, etc) change so that it is no longer as efficient, productive, etc as before （指组织、 机构等）一蹶不振, 不复往日之盛, 大不如前: * dog-watch /// [5dCgwCtF; - 'dC:g-; 5dCg7watF] n (on ships) either of the two-hour watches (watch1 1a), 4 pm to 6 pm or 6 pm to 8 pm （船上）两小时值班（下午4至6时或6至8时）.

dog1
* He hasn't a dog's chance of passing the exam. 他这次考试毫无及格的可能. put on the dog (US sl 俚) show off 炫耀; 摆阔. rain cats and dogs => rain2. the tail wagging the dog => tail. teach an old dog new tricks => teach. top dog => top1. treat sb like dirt/a dog => treat. 派生： doggie (also doggy)[5dCgi; - 'dC:gi; 5dCgi] n (infml 口) (used by and to children 儿语) dog 小狗; 狗儿. 复合： `dog-biscuit n small hard biscuit fed to dogs （喂狗的）小块硬饼乾. `dogcart n light two-wheeled horse-drawn vehicle 双轮轻便马车. `dog-collar n 1 collar for a dog 狗项圈. 2 (infml 口) stiff white collar worn by a clergyman （牧师穿的）白色硬领; 牧师领. `dog-eared adj (of a book) having the corners of many pages turned down through use （指书）翻旧而页角折卷的. =>illus 见插图. `dogfight n 1 close combat between fighter aircraft 战斗机近距离空战. 2 rough uncontrolled fight 混战. `doghouse n 1 (US) kennel 狗窝; 犬舍. 2 (idm 习语) in the doghouse in disgrace; out of favour 丢脸的; 不光彩的; 失宠的; 受冷落的. `dog-like adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of or like a dog 狗的; 像狗的: dog-like devotion, fidelity, etc 像狗一般的忠心、 忠实等. `dog-leg n sharp bend, esp on a golf-course 急转弯（尤指高尔夫球场的）. `dog-paddle (also `doggie-paddle) n [U] simple swimming stroke, with short quick movements of the arms and legs （游泳动作的）狗刨式. v [I] swim in this way 用狗刨式游泳. the `dog-star n the star Sirius 天狼星（大犬座）. `dog-tired adj [usu pred 通常作表语] very tired 极疲倦. `dog-tooth n (architecture 建) small pyramid-shaped ornament carved into stonework 犬牙饰. `dog-trot n gentle easy trot （从容的）小跑.

doge
[dEudV; dodV] n (formerly) chief magistrate in the republics of Venice and Genoa （旧时）（威尼斯和热那亚两共和国的）总督.

dogfish
[5dCgfiF; - 'dC:g-; 5dCg 7fiF] n (pl unchanged 复数不变) type of small shark 狗鲨.

dogged
[5dCgid; - 'dC:gid; 5dCgid] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (approv 褒) determined; not giving up easily 顽强的; 不屈不挠的: * a dogged defence of the city 对城市的顽强防守 * Although he's less talented, he won by sheer dogged persistence. 他虽然天赋不高, 但全凭坚韧的毅力赢得了胜利. > doggedly adv. doggedness n [U].

doggerel
[5dCgErEl; - 'dC:gErEl; 5dCgErEl] n [U] verse that (intentionally or not) produces a clumsy and ridiculous effect 歪诗; 蹩脚诗.

doggo
[5dCgEu; - 'dC:g-; 5dCgo] adv (idm 习语) lie doggo => lie.

doggone
[5dCgCn; - 'dC:gC:n; 5dCg7gCn] v [Tn] (US infml 口) (used to express annoyance or surprise 用以表示恼怒或惊讶): * Doggone it! 去它的! * Well I'll be doggoned! , 好家伙! 派生： doggone (also doggoned) adj [attrib 作定语], adv (used to express annoyance or surprise 用以表示恼怒或惊讶): I got another doggone traffic ticket. 又给了我一张该死的交通违章罚款通知单. * Don't drive so doggoned fast! 别他妈开得这麽快呀!

dogie
[5dEugi; 5dogi] n (US) motherless calf, esp on the range （失去母牛的）牛犊（尤指牧场中者）.

dogma
[5dCgmE; - 'dC:gmE; 5dCgmE] n [C, U] belief or set of beliefs put forward by some authority, esp a Church, to be accepted as a matter of faith 教义; 教理; 教条; 信条: * (fig derog 比喻, 贬) political, social, economic, etc dogma, ie ideas that are not expected to be questioned 政治的、 社会的、 经济的...信条.

dogmatic
[dCg'mAtik; - dC:g'mAtik; dCg'mAtik] adj 1 of or based on dogma 教义的; 教理的; 以教义为基础的: * dogmatic theology 教义神学. 2 (derog 贬) that claims or suggests that sth is true without taking account of evidence or other opinions 武断的; 自以为是的: * a dogmatic attitude, approach, view, etc 武断的态度、 方法、 看法等 * You can't be dogmatic in matters of taste. 对於个人爱好的事, 何必这样自以为是. > dogmatically[-kli; -kli] adv: * state sth dogmatically 武断地主张某事物.

dogmatism
[5dCgmEtizEm; - 'dC:gmEtizEm; 5dCgmE-7tizEm] n [U] (derog 贬) (quality of) being dogmatic 教条主义; 武断: * the dogmatism of some music critics, popular preachers, etc 某些音乐评论家、 民众传道者等的教条主义观点. 派生： dogmatist[-mEtist; -mEtist] n (derog 贬) dogmatic person 教条主义者; 武断的人.

dogmatize, dogmatise
[5dCgmEtaiz; - 'dC:gmEtaiz; 5dCgmE-7taiz] v [I, Ipr] ~ (about sth) (derog 贬) make dogmatic statements 教条地或武断地表达: * You can't dogmatize about people's needs. 对人民之所需不能武断.

dogrose
[5dCgrEuz; - 'dC:g-; 5dCg7roz] n wild rose, growing in hedges, etc 犬蔷薇（生长在树篱间的野蔷薇）.

dogsbody
[5dCgzbCdi; - 'dC:g-; 5dCgz7badi] n (Brit) person who does boring or unpleasant jobs for others 勤杂工.

dogwood
[5dCgwud; - 'dC:g-; 5dCg7wud] n [U, C] wild flowering shrub 狗木（野生多花灌木）.

doh
(also do)[dEu; do] n (music 音) (in tonic sol-fa) the first and eighth notes of any major scale （首调唱法的）任何大音阶第一音和第八音.

doily
(also doyley, doyly)[5dCili; 5dCili] n small ornamental mat of lace, paper, etc placed under a dish or under a cake, etc on a plate （精细织品或纸品的）装饰性小垫（置於盘、 碟下或衬在盘中糕点下者）.

doings
[5du:iNz; 5duiNz] n (infml 口) 1 [pl] things done or being done; activities 已做或正在做的事; 活动: * I've been hearing a lot about your doings. 我常听到很多关於你做的事情. 2 [C] (pl unchanged 复数不变) (Brit) thing(s) needed 需要的东西: * Where's the doings for mending punctures? 补车胎的家伙（工具）在什麽地方?

dol
abbr 缩写 = (also symb 符号为$) dollar(s) 元; 美元.

doldrums
[5dCldrEmz; 5daldrEmz] n 1 the doldrums [pl] parts of the ocean near the equator where there is little or no wind 赤道附近无风的海域; 赤道无风带. 2 (idm 习语) in the `doldrums (a) feeling depressed; in low spirits 精神不振; 意志消沉; 无精打彩: * He's been in the doldrums ever since she left him. 自从她离开他以来, 他一直很消沉. (b) not active or making progress 不活跃; 无进展: * Despite these measures, the economy remains in the doldrums. 尽管采取了这些措施, 经济状况仍然毫无起色.

dole
1[dEul; dol] v (phr v) dole sth out distribute (esp food, money, etc) in small amounts 少量发放（尤指食物、 金钱等）: * allowances grudgingly doled out to the elderly 勉强发给老年人的少量津贴.

doleful
[5dEulfl; 5dolfEl] adj sad; mournful 悲伤的; 令人沮丧的: * a doleful face, manner, expression, etc 愁眉苦脸、 垂头丧气的样子、 忧郁的表情. > dolefully[-fEli; -fEli] adv. dolefulness n [U].

doll
1[dCl; - dC:l; dCl] n 1 model of a baby or an adult, usu for a child to play with 玩偶; 玩具娃娃. 2 (dated sl 旧, 俚 esp US) attractive woman 漂亮女子: * She's quite a doll! 她真是个美人! 复合： `doll's house 1 toy house used for playing with dolls （用以玩儿玩偶的）玩具小屋. 2 (fig 比喻) very small house 极小的房屋: How do they all cram into that doll's house? 那小小的房子怎麽挤得下他们大家呢?

dollar
[5dClE(r); 5dall] n 1 [C] (symb 符号为$) unit of money in the US, Canada, Australia, etc 元（美国、 加拿大、 澳大利亚等国的货币单位）: * Oil from these fields is priced in dollars. 这些油田产的油以美元定价. 2 [C] banknote or coin worth one dollar 一元的纸币或硬币: * Have you got any dollars? 你带着钱呢吗? =>App 4 见附录4. 3 the dollar [sing] (finance 财) value of the US dollar on international money markets 国际金融市场的美元价格: * The dollar closed two cents down. 收市时一美元下降了二美分. 4 (idm 习语) bet one's bottom dollar => bet. (feel, look, etc) like a million dollars (infml 口) very fit, healthy, beautiful, etc 身体很好; 非常健康; 十分漂亮. a/the sixty-four thousand dollar `question important question that is very difficult to answer 很难回答的重大问题: * Will we all survive until the year 2000? That's the sixty-four thousand dollar question. 我们大家是否都能活到公元2000年? 这个问题很难回答.

dollop
[5dClEp; 5dalEp] n (infml 口) shapeless lump of sth soft, esp food （软而不成形的）一团, 一块（尤指食物）: * a dollop of cream, jam, mashed potato, etc 一团奶油、 果酱、 土豆泥等.

dolly
[5dCli; - 'dC:li; 5dCli] n 1 (child's word for a) doll （儿语）洋娃娃. 2 (cinema 影) movable support for a cine or television camera 摄影机移动车. 复合： `dolly-bird (also dolly) n (dated Brit infml sexist 旧, 口, 性别偏见) pretty, fashionably dressed girl who is not thought of as very intelligent 漂亮、 时髦却不大聪明的姑娘.

dolmen
[dClmen; 5dalmen] n = cromlech.

dolorous
[5dClErEs; - 'dEulErEs; 5dolErEs] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (fml 文) sorrowful 哀伤的; 悲痛的.

dolour
(US dolor)[5dClE(r); - 'dEulEr; 5doll] n [U, C] (arch 古) grief or sorrow 哀伤; 悲痛.

dolphin
[5dClfin; 5dalfin] n mammal that looks like a large fish and lives in the sea 海豚. Cf 参看 porpoise.

dolt
[dEult; dolt] n (derog 贬) stupid person 蠢人; 笨蛋; 傻瓜. 派生： doltish adj stupid 愚蠢的; 愚笨的.

domain
[dEu'mein; do'men] n 1 lands owned or ruled by a nobleman, government, etc （贵族、 政府等的）领 地, 领土: * trespass on the King's domain 私闯国王领地 * (fig 比喻) The kitchen is my wife's domain; she doesn't like me going into it. 厨房是我妻子的领地, 她不愿意让我进去. 2 field of thought, knowledge or activity （思想、 知识或活动的）领域, 范围, 范畴: * (in) the domain of political science （在）政治学领域（内） * Military history is really outside my domain. 我对军事史实在一窍不通.

dome
[dEum; dom] n 1 rounded roof with a circular base 穹顶; 圆屋顶: * the dome of St Paul's cathedral 圣保罗大教堂的穹顶. 2 thing shaped like this 圆顶形物; 穹形物: * the dome of a hill, the night sky, a bald head 山包、 黑夜的天穹、 光秃的头顶. 派生： domed adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] having or shaped like a dome 有穹顶的; 圆顶形的: a domed forehead 隆起的前额.

Domesday Book
[5du:mzdei buk; 5dumzde7buk] the Domesday Book record of the ownership, value etc of lands in England, made in 1086 by order of William the Conqueror 地籍簿（1086年英王威廉一世钦定的地产清册）.

domestic
[dE'mestik; dE'mestik] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] 1 of the home, household or family 家庭的; 家务的: * domestic water, gas, etc supplies 家庭用水、 用气等的供应 * a domestic help, ie a servant, esp a cleaner 人（尤指清洁工） * domestic bliss, unrest, upheavals, etc 家庭的欢乐、 不宁、 剧变等 * She's very domestic, ie prefers home life to going out, or is good at and likes cooking, housework, etc. 她非常喜欢家庭生活（深居简出或善於烹饪、 做家务等）. 2 of or inside a particular country, not foreign or international 本国的; 国内的: * domestic trade, exports, production, etc 国内贸易、 本产出口、 本地产品 * domestic flights, ie to and from places within a country 国内班机. 3 (of animals) kept on farms or as pets; not wild （指动物）驯养的, 作宠物饲养的, 非野生的. 派生： domestic n household servant, esp a cleaner 仆人, 人（尤指清洁工）. domestically[-kli; -kli] adv. 复合： do,mestic `science = home economics (home).

domesticate
[dE'mestikeit; dE'mestE7ket] v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] 1 make (sb) used to or fond of housework and home life 使（某人）习惯於或喜爱家务和家庭生活: * He's become a lot more domesticated since his marriage. 他婚後已非常恋家了. 2 tame (ananimal) 驯养（动物）. > domestication/dE7mesti'keiFn; dE7mestE'keFEn] n [U].

domesticity
[7dEume'stisEti, 7dCm-; 7domes'tisEti, 7dam-] n [U] home or family life 家庭生活: * a scene of cosy domesticity 闲适的家庭生活景象.

domicile
[5dCmisail; 5damEsl] n (fml or law 文或律) a person's place of residence, esp as officially established for purposes of taxation, etc 住处, 住所（尤指正式住址, 据此履行纳税等法律义务者）. 派生： domiciled adj [pred 作表语] having one's domicile in a place 有固定住所: be domiciled in Britain, London, etc 在英国、 伦敦等有固定住所.

domiciliary
[7dCmi'siliEri; - 7dCmi'silieri; 7damE'sili-7eri] adj [pred 作表语] (fml 文) of, to or at sb's home 住所的; 向住处; 在家中: * a domiciliary visit, eg by a doctor or priest 家访（如医生、 牧师等所进行的）.

dominant
1[5dCminEnt; 5damEnEnt] adj 1 ~ (in sth) most important or prominent; dominating 最重要的; 最突出的; 占支配地位的: * She's the dominant child in the group. 她是这一群孩子中的孩子头. * the dominant flavour in a dish 一份菜肴的主要香味 * The castle stands in a dominant position above the town. 古堡耸立在市镇中一个高处. 2 (biology 生) (of an inherited characteristic) appearing in offspring even when a genetically opposing characteristic is also inherited （指遗传特徵）显性的, 优势的. Cf 参看 recessive. > dominance[-nEns; -nEns] n [U]: * the absolute dominance of the governing party 执政党的绝对优势.

dominate
[5dCmineit; 5damE7net] v 1 [I, Tn] (a) have control of or a very strong influence on (people, events, etc) 支配, 统治, 控制, 影响（人、 事等）: * He has authority, but he doesn't try to dominate (others). 他有权威, 但并不想控制别人. * She dominated the meeting by sheer force of character. 她单凭个人气势就镇住了会场. (b) be the most obvious or important person or thing in (sth) 在（某事物）中处於优势或占上风; 占最重要地位: * Price tends to dominate all other considerations. 首先考虑的往往是价格问题. * My weekend was dominated by housework. 我的周末全用在做家务上了. 2 [Tn] (of a high place) overlook (sth) （指高处）高於（某物）: * The Acropolis dominates the city of Athens. 雅典的卫城高耸於雅典全城之上. > domination[7dCmi'neiFn; 7damE'neFEn] n [U]: * His defeat ended American domination of the sport. 他的失利结束了美国在该项运动中称霸的地位. * under foreign domination 在外国统治下.

domineer
[7dCmi'niE(r); 7damE'nir] v [I, Ipr] ~ (over sb) (derog 贬) try to make sb do exactly what one wants by ordering him about, regardless of what he wants to do 对某人发号施令; 专横跋扈: * He domineered, and the rest of us hated it. 他行事专横, 我们大家都讨厌他这种作风. 派生： domineering[7dCmi'niEriN; 7dami'niriN] adj wanting to control others; overbearing 专横的; 跋扈的: * a domineering husband, manner, personality 专横的丈夫、 作风、 个性. domineeringly adv.

Dominican
[dE'minikEn; dE'minikEn] adj of the religious Order of Preachers founded by St Dominic, also called the Black Friars 多明我会的（多明我会为圣多明我创建的布道兄弟会, 俗称黑衣兄弟会）. 派生： Dominican n priest, brother or nun in this order 多明我会神甫、 修士或修女.

dominion
[dE'miniEn; dE'minjEn] n 1 [U] ~ (over sb/sth) (fml 文) authority to rule; effective control 统治; 管辖: * under foreign dominion 在外国统治下 * have/be given dominion over peoples, lives, etc 具有[被授予]统治各民族、 生杀予夺等的权力. 2 [C] area controlled by one government or ruler 领土; 版图: * the vast dominions of the Chinese Empire 中华帝国广阔的版图. 3 (often 常作 Dominion) [C] (formerly) any of the self-governing territories of the British Commonwealth （旧时）英联邦的自治领之一.

domino
[5dCminEu; 5damE7no] n (pl ~es) (a) [C] small flat oblong block marked on one side with two groups of dots, used in the game of dominoes 多米诺骨牌. (b) dominoes [sing v] game played with a set of 28 dominoes 28张一套的多米诺骨牌戏. 复合： `domino effect effect of one (esp political) event in one place making similar events happen one after the other elsewhere 多米诺效应（尤指政治方面）: Employers fear a domino effect if the strike is successful, ie that there will be many other strikes as a result. 雇主们担心一旦罢工胜利就会引起多米诺效应. =>illus 见插图.

don
1[dCn; dan] n 1 (Brit) teacher at a university, esp at an Oxford or a Cambridge college 大学教师（尤指在牛津大学或剑桥大学任教者）. 2 title used before a man's Christian name in Spanish-speaking countries 先生（西班牙语国家对男子的尊称, 用於教名前）: * Don Felipe 唐．菲力浦. 派生： donnish[5dCniF; 5daniF] adj (esp Brit) like (that of) a university don, who is usu considered to be clever, but unrealistic, forgetful, etc 像大学教师似的, 学究式的（通常指聪明而不现实、 健忘等）: * a donnish remark, manner, sense of humour 学究式的言语、 仪态、 幽默感.

Don Juan
[7dCn 'dVu:En; dan'dVuEn] n (infml 口) man who has great sexual success with women 唐璜; 甚得女子欢心的男子: * Despite his looks he's said to be something of a Don Juan. 尽管他其貌不扬, 但据说是个很得女人欢心的风流荡子.

Don Quixote
[7dCn 'kwiksEt; 7dan 'kwiksEt] n person with high but completely unrealistic ideals; impractical dreamer 唐吉诃德（完全不切实际的理想主义者）; 梦想者. Cf 参看 quixotic.

don't
=> do.

donate
[dEu'neit; - 'dEuneit; 5donet] v [Tn, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb/sth) give (money, goods, etc), esp to a charity; contribute sth 捐赠, 赠送（财物等）（尤指对慈善事业）: * donate large sums to relief organizations 向救济组织捐赠巨款. 派生： donation/dEu'neiFn; do'neFEn] n (a) [C] thing donated 捐赠物: * a donation to/for Amnesty International 给大赦国际的捐款. (b) [U] donating or being donated 捐赠; 赠送.

done
1 pp of do.

donjon
[5dCndVEn; 5dandVEn] n large, strongly fortified central tower of a medieval castle 中世纪城堡中巨大而坚固的主塔.

donkey
[5dCNki; 5daNki] n (pl ~s) 1 animal of the horse family, with short legs and long ears 驴. 2 stupid or stubborn person 愚蠢或固执的人: * He's an absolute donkey. 他是个十足的蠢驴. 3 (idm 习语) `donkey's years (Brit infml 口) a very long time 很长的时间; 很久; 猴年马月: * It's donkey's years since we've seen each other. 我们有年头儿没见面了. * The new motorway won't be ready for donkey's years. 要修好新高速公路, 那得等到猴年马月了. talk the hind legs off a donkey => talk2. 复合： `donkey engine small extra engine, esp on a ship's deck 小型辅助发动机（尤指置於甲板上者）. `donkey jacket workman's thick weatherproof jacket （工人穿的厚而短的）风雨衣. `donkey-work n [U] hard dull part of a job; drudgery 乏味而苦的工作; 苦活儿: Typical we do the donkey-work and he takes the credit! 重活我们干, 功劳归他得--一向如此!

donor
[5dEunE(r); 5donl] n 1 person who gives or donates sth 捐赠者; 赠送者. 2 (medical 医) person who provides blood for transfusion, organs for transplantation, etc 捐血者; 捐献器官者: * a blood donor 献血者 * The heart transplant will take place as soon as a suitable donor can be found. 一旦找到适宜捐献心脏的人, 即可进行移植手术. * [attrib 作定语] donor organs 捐献的器官.

doodle
[5du:dl; 5dudl] v [I, Ipr] make meaningless drawings, scribbles etc, while one is or should be thinking about sth else （当精神不集中於某事时）胡写, 乱画: * Stop doodling on my notebook! 别在我的笔记本上乱画! > doodle n: * a page covered in doodles 胡写乱画的一页.

doom
1[du:m; dum] n [U] 1 (rhet 修辞) death or ruin; any terrible and inevitable fate 死亡; 毁灭; 劫数; 厄运: * meet/go to one's doom 死亡 * send a man to his doom 使某人陷入绝境. 2 = doomsday. 3 (idm 习语) the crack of doom => crack1. a prophet of doom => prophet.

doomsday
[5du:mzdei; 5dumz7de] n [U] 1 day of the Last Judgement; the end of the world 最後审判日; 世界末日. Cf 参看 Domesday Book. 2 (idm 习语) till `doomsday for ever; a long time 永远; 很长时间: * This work will take me till doomsday. 这工作要花我一辈子的时间.

door
[dC:(r); dCr] n 1 (a) movable barrier that closes the entrance to a building, room, cupboard, car, etc 门: * hinged/sliding/revolving doors 有铰链的门[拉门/旋转门] * hammer on the door 砰砰地敲门 * open, shut, close, lock, bolt the door 开、 关、 闭、 锁、 栓门 * the front/back door, ie main door at the front/back of a house 前[後]门 * a four-door saloon car 四门轿车. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, pages vi, xii. (b) = doorway. 2 (idm 习语) at death's door => death. behind closed doors => close4. by/through the back door => back2. darken sb's door => darken. (from) ,door to `door (from) house to house 从一家门口到另一家门口: * The journey takes about an hour, door to door. 从这家到那家的路程要用一小时. * He went from door to door, selling encyclopaedias. 他逐门逐户去推销百科全书. * [attrib 作定语] a ,door-to-door `salesman 挨户推销的售货员. the door to sth the means of getting or reaching sth 获得或达到某事物的门路或手段: * Our courses are the door to success in English. 我们的课程是学习英语的成功之路. a foot in the door => foot1. keep the wolf from the door => wolf. lay sth at sb's `door say that sb is responsible for sth that has gone wrong 归咎於某人: * The blame for the disaster has been laid firmly at the company's door. 这场大祸罪责全在公司. leave the door open => leave1. lie at sb's door => lie2. lock, etc the stable door after the horse has bolted => stable2. next `door (to sb/sth) in the next building, room, etc 邻居; 隔壁; 邻室: * go next door to borrow some milk 到邻居家借点牛奶 * They live next door to the library. 他们住在图书馆隔壁. next door to nearly; almost 几乎; 近乎; 差不多: * I'm afraid it's next door to impossible that we'll be there on time. 看来我们几乎不可能按时到达那里了. (be) on the `door (infml 口) (at a public meeting, concert, etc) (stand) at the door, eg to collect tickets, give directions, etc （为公众集会、 音乐会等）把门（如收票、 指引方向等）. out of `doors in the open air 在户外; 在露天:

door1
* eat, sleep, walk, etc out of doors 在户外吃、 睡、 散步等. show sb the door; show sb to the door => show2. shut/slam the door in sb's face refuse to talk to or have any dealing with sb 拒绝与某人谈话; 拒绝与某人打交道. shut the door on sth => shut. two, three, etc doors a`long/ a`way/ `down in the next house but one, two, etc 在第二、 第叁...家: * Our other branch is just a few doors down the road. 沿这条路再走几家就是我们的另一个分店. 复合： `doorbell n bell inside a building that can be rung by visitors outside 门铃. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page vi. `door-frame n frame into which a door fits 门框. `door-handle n handle that opens and closes a door (by releasing a latch) 门把儿; 门拉手. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xii. `door-keeper n = doorman. `doorknob n round knob turned to open a door 球形门拉手. `door-knocker n = knocker. `doorman[-mEn; -mEn] n (pl -men[-mEn; -mEn] ) (US) = porter2: * Leave a message with the doorman. 给看门人留个话. `doormat n 1 mat placed near a door, for wiping dirt from one's shoes （置於门前的）蹭鞋垫. 2 (fig infml 比喻, 口) person who allows others to treat him without respect 逆来顺受的人: Stand up for yourself a bit don't be such a doormat! 长点骨气吧--别老这麽忍着任人践踏! `doornail n (idm 习语) dead as a doornail => dead. `door-plate n metal plate on a door showing the name of the person living or working in the room or building 门牌; 户名牌. `doorpost n (idm 习语) deaf as a post/doorpost => deaf. `doorstep n 1 step leading up to (usu) an outside door 门阶: empty milk bottles on the doorstep 放在门阶上的空牛奶瓶. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page vi. 2 (idm 习语) on one's `doorstep very near 很近: In our holiday villas you'll have both the beach and the mountains on your doorstep. 我们的度假别墅离海滩和山都很近.

door2
`doorstop n device to prevent a door from closing or from hitting a wall, etc when it is opened 制门器（防止门关闭的装置）; 门碰头（防止门碰墙的装置）. `doorway n opening, filled by a door, into a building, room, car, etc 门口: in the doorway 在门口.

dope
[dEup; dop] n 1 [U] (sl 俚) (a) harmful drug (eg hashish); narcotic 毒品（如大麻）; 麻醉剂: * [attrib 作定语] a dope-addict 吸毒成瘾者. (b) medicine, esp a sedative drug 药; （尤指）镇静剂. 2 [C] (infml 口) stupid person 笨蛋; 蠢货: * You've got the picture upside-down, you dope! 你把画挂倒了, 你这笨蛋! 3 [U] ~ (on sb/sth) (sl 俚) facts not generally known that are provided by a well-informed person 内幕消息; 消息灵通者透露的消息: * I want the dope on his criminal connections. 我想知道他私通的内情. 4 [U] thick liquid used as a lubricant, varnish, etc （润滑油、 涂料等）黏稠液体. 派生： dope v [Tn] (a) give a narcotic or stimulant drug to (esp a race-horse, an athlete, etc) 给（尤指参赛的马、 运动员等）使用麻醉品或兴奋剂. (b) add a drug to (food, drink, etc) 在（食物、 饮料等中）加麻醉剂. dopey (also dopy)[5dEupi; 5dopi] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 (infml 口) dazed or sleepy, as if drugged 昏沉欲睡的; 似受到麻醉的: * I'm feeling really dopey this morning. 今天上午我一直昏昏沉沉的. 2 (sl 俚) stupid 愚蠢的; 迟钝的.

Doric
[5dCrik; - 'dC:r-; 5dCrik] adj (architecture 建) of the oldest and simplest of the five orders of classical Greek architecture 多利斯式的（古希腊建 五种柱式中最古老、 最简单者）. Cf 参看 Corinthian 2, Ionic.

dorm
[dC:m; dCrm] n (infml 口) dormitory 宿舍.

dormant
[5dC:mEnt; 5dCrmEnt] adj temporarily inactive 暂时不活动的; 休眠的; 蛰伏的: * a dormant volcano, ie neither extinct nor erupting 休火山 * Many plants lie dormant throughout the winter, ie alive but not growing. 许多植物冬天呈休眠状态. * As soon as they met again his dormant love for her was rekindled. 他们一见面, 他对她的旧情如乾柴烈火般又重新燃起.

dormer
[5dC:mE(r); 5dCrml] (also ,dormer-`window) n upright window built in a sloping roof （建於斜屋顶上的）天窗, 老虎窗. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page vii.

dormitory
[5dC:mitri; - -tC:ri; 5dCrmE7tCri] n 1 sleeping-room with a number of beds, esp in a school or some other institution 宿舍. 2 (US) building at a college, university, etc containing students' rooms for living and sleeping （大学等的）学生宿舍. 复合： `dormitory town (Brit) town from which people travel to work elsewhere 郊外住宅区.

dormouse
[5dC:maus; 5dCr7maus] n (pl dormice/ 5dR:maIs; `dRr9maIs/) small animal like a mouse with a furry tail 榛睡鼠.

dorsal
[5dC:sl; 5dCrsl] adj [attrib 作定语] (anatomy 解) of or on the back of an animal or a plant （动植物的）背部的, 背侧的, 背上的: * the dorsal fin, eg of a shark 背鳍（如鲨鱼的）. =>illus at fish 见fish之插图. Cf 参看 ventral.

dory
1[5dC:ri; 5dCri] n (US) light flat-bottomed rowing boat used by fishermen off the Atlantic coast of the US （美国东海岸渔民用的）轻型平底划艇. do's and don'ts

dose
[dEus; dos] n 1 amount of medicine to be taken at one time 一次剂量; 一剂; 一服: * give/administer the correct dose 给规定的剂量. 2 amount of radiation received by sb/sth at one time （某人[某物]接受放射线的）一次剂量: * a lethal dose of radiation 致死的辐射量. 3 (fig infml 比喻, 口) (a) any experience of sth unpleasant 不愉快的经历: * a dose of 'flu, boring conversation, bad weather 一次流感、 令人厌倦的谈话、 恶劣的天气 * I can only stand her in small doses, ie for a short time. 我对她只能忍让片刻. (b) any experience of sth enjoyable 愉快的经历: * What you need is a good dose of laughter. 你需要的是大笑一场. 4 (sl 俚) venereal infection 性病; 花柳病: * give sb/catch a dose 把花柳病传染给某人[染上花柳病]. 5 (idm 习语) like a dose of `salts (sl 俚) very fast 很快; 一下子: * He gets through his pay like a dose of salts, and by Monday he's broke. 一发工资, 他就很快花个精光, 到了星期一便身无分文了. 派生： dose v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/oneself (with sth) give sb/oneself a dose (of sth) 给某人[自己]一定剂量的药: heavily dosed with pain-killing drugs 大剂量地使用了止痛药.

doss
[dCs; das] v (phr v) doss down (Brit sl 俚) lie down to sleep, esp when one has not got a proper bed 凑合躺下睡觉, 将就过夜（尤指无适当的床）: * We dossed down on Tony's floor after the party. 聚会过後, 我们就躺在汤尼家的地板上睡了. 派生： dosser n (Brit sl 俚) person without a home who sleeps in the streets or in cheap lodgings; vagrant 露宿街头者; 常居於廉价客栈者; 流浪者. 复合： `doss-house n (Brit sl 俚) cheap lodging-house, esp one used by vagrants 廉价客栈（尤指供流浪者投宿者）.

dossier
[5dCsiei; - also 'dC:siE(r); 5dasi7e, 'dasil] n set of documents containing information about a person, an event, etc; file （有关人、 事等的）材料, 卷宗, 档案.

dot
[dCt; dat] n 1 small round mark 小圆点: * Join the dots up to complete the drawing. 顺点连线把图画好. 2 such a mark used as a symbol in writing (eg above the letters i and j), mathematics (eg the decimal point), music, representing a short sound in Morse code, etc 字母上的点（如i和j上的）; 小数点; 音乐符号上的点; 摩尔斯电码代表短音的点. =>App 3 见附录3. 3 anything resembling a dot; a small quantity 点状物; 少量, 微量, 一点儿: * The island was just a dot on the horizon. 该岛只是天水交接处的一个黑点. * I like just a dot of milk in my tea. 我喜欢在茶里稍掺一点牛奶. 4 (idm 习语) on the `dot (infml 口) exactly on time, or at the time specified 准时地; 在指定的时刻: * He's very punctual always arrives on the dot. 他很守时--总是按时到. * leave at 5 o'clock on the dot/on the dot of 5 o'clock 准於五点整离开. the year dot => year. 派生： dot v (-tt-) 1 [Tn] mark (sth) with a dot 以小圆点标出（某物）. 2 [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn.pr, Tn.p] place (things or people) here and there; scatter 将（物或人）分布各处; 分散: The sky was dotted with stars. 天空繁星密布. * We've dotted a few chairs about. 我们在周围放了几把椅子. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.n](infml 口) hit (sb) 打, 击（某人）: He dotted me in the eye. 他击中了我的眼睛. * Shut up or I'll dot you one! 闭嘴, 要不我就揍你! 4 (idm 习语) dot one's/the ,i's and cross one's/the `t's complete the final details of a task 一丝不苟地完成任务. 复合： ,dot `matrix (computing 计) grid of dots used to form letters, numbers, etc in printing 点阵（印刷中用以组成字母、 数字等的矩阵）: [attrib 作定语] a ,dot matrix `printer 点阵打印机. dotted `line 1 line of dots showing where sth is to be written on a document, form, etc 点线; 虚线. 2 (idm 习语) sign on the dotted line => sign2.

dotage
[5dEutidV; 5dotidV] n (idm 习语) in one's dotage confused in one's mind because of old age 年老昏聩.

dote
[dEut; dot] v [Ipr] ~ on sb/sth show (too) much fondness for sb/sth 热爱、 溺爱或宠爱某人[某事物]: * She dotes on her grandchildren. 她十分锺爱孙儿女. * I just dote on hot buttered scones! 我就是喜欢吃涂黄油的热司康饼! 派生： doting adj [attrib 作定语] very or excessively loving and devoted 溺爱的; 偏爱的; 宠爱的: a doting husband, son, parent, etc 宠爱妻子的丈夫、 非常孝顺的儿子、 溺爱子女的家长. dotingly adv.

dottle
[5dCtl; 5datl] n [U] partly burnt tobacco left in a pipe after smoking （烟斗中吸剩的）残烟丝.

dotty
[5dCti; 5dati] adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口 esp Brit) 1 foolish; silly; eccentric 傻的; 蠢的; 古怪的: * She was getting a bit dotty and could never be left alone. 她越来越见傻, 决不可无人照看. * Not another of your dotty ideas for making money! 你不要再出那些赚钱的馊主意了! 2 [pred 作表语] ~ about sb/sth very fond of or enthusiastic about sb/sth 非常喜爱某人[某事物]; 对某人[某事物]极感兴趣: * She's dotty about this latest boyfriend. 她非常喜欢这个新交的男朋友. > dottiness n [U].

double
1[5dQbl; 5dQbl] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] 1 twice as much or as many (as usual) 加倍的; 两倍的: * a double helping 一客双份的食物 * two double whiskies 两杯双份的威士忌酒 * the new bleach with double strength for killing germs 杀菌力特强的新型漂白剂. 2 having or made of two things or parts that are equal or similar 由两个相等或相似部分组成的; 双的: * Look, double yellow lines you mustn't park here. 喂, 这是双黄线--不能在这儿停车. * `I didn't do nothing' is a double negative, ie two negatives where only one is needed. I didn't do nothing是双重的否定（只需一个否定词即可）. * a double-page advertisement 一则占左右两页的广告 * `Otter' is spelt with a double t. otter一字中有两个t. 3 made for two people or things 供两人或两物用的; 双人的: * a double room, garage, etc 双人房间、 供停放两辆车的车房 * a double wedding, ie of two couples 两对新婚夫妇的婚礼. 4 combining two things or qualities 两种事物结合在一起的: * a double meaning, purpose, aim, etc 双重意义、 目的、 目标等 * the double advantage of being easy and cheap 既方便又便宜的双重优点 * She leads a double life, ie Her life has two different (perhaps sharply contrasting) aspects, eg being a police officer and a drug dealer. 她过着双重生活（如又是警察又是毒品贩子）. 5 (of flowers) having more than the usual number of petals （指花）重瓣的. 6 (idm 习语) in double `harness with a partner, or with a husband or wife 两人一起; 夫妻一起: * The brothers work in double harness. 哥儿俩一起工作. 复合： ,double `agent person who spies for two rival countries at the same time 双重间谍. ,double-`bass (also bass) n largest and lowest-pitched instrument of the violin family 低音提琴. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xi. ,double `bed bed made for two people 双人床. ,double-`bedded adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of a hotel room) having a double bed (or two single ones) （指旅馆房间）有双人床的, 有两张单人床的.

double1
,double `bill two films, plays, etc presented to an audience one after the other 双场（两场电影、 戏剧等同场先後演出）. ,double `bind dilemma 进退两难. ,double `bluff clever deception, eg telling an enemy the truth while knowing that he will assume you are lying 双重诈术（如告诉敌手实情而料其会以真为假）. ,double `chin fold of fat below the chin 双下巴. ,double `cream (Brit) thick cream that contains a lot of milk fat 高脂奶油. ,double `date (esp US infml 口) date involving two (separate) couples 两对男女在一起的约会. ,double-`dealer n (derog 贬) person who says one thing and means another; deceiver 口是心非的人; 两面派. ,double- `dealing n [U]. ,double-`decker n 1 (esp Brit) bus with two floors 双层公共汽车. 2 (esp US) sandwich with two layers of filling 双层夹心叁明治. ,double `Dutch (Brit infml 口) incomprehensible talk; written gibberish 莫名其妙的话; 晦涩的文字: This article's so full of jargon it's just double Dutch to me. 这文章满篇术语, 对我直如天书. double entendre[7du:bl a:n'ta:ndrE; 7dubl an'tandrE] (French 法) word or phrase that can be understood in two ways, one of which contains a sexual allusion 双关语（其一有性的含意）. ,double `entry (commerce 商) system of bookkeeping in which each transaction is entered as a debit in one account and a credit in another 复式簿记. ,double `figures number that is 10 or over and 99 or less 两位数: The inflation rate is into double figures, ie above 10%. 通货膨胀率已进入两位数（10%以上）. ,double `first (graduate who gains a) first-class degree in two subjects at the same time or in successive years 双优荣誉学位（毕业生）（在两门学科中皆获优秀成绩者）. ,double pneu`monia pneumonia affecting both lungs 双肺肺炎. ,double `standard set of (usu moral) principles that discriminates against one of two groups, individuals, etc 双重标准（通常指道德方面）: He's got a double standard: it's all right for him to have affairs but not for her. 他采取双重标准: 自己可以有外遇, 女方却不行.

double2
,double `take delayed reaction to a situation, remark, etc, esp for comic effect （对情况、 言语等）反应迟钝（尤指为产生滑稽效果者）: He did a double take when I said I was getting married. 我告诉他我要结婚了, 他半天才恍然大悟. `double-talk n [U] way of talking that really means something very different from what it appears to mean, or nothing at all 指东说西或言之无物的话: He gave us no real reasons, just the usual politician's double-talk. 他没告诉我们真正理由, 只说了些政客常说的空话. v [I, Tn.pr]: double-talk one's way out of trouble 说含糊其词的话以摆脱困境. `double-think n [U] (derog 贬) accepting or advocating contradictory ideas, principles, etc 思想矛盾（接受或提倡两种相矛盾的观念、 原则等）. ,double `time twice the usual wage, paid for working on a public holiday, etc （付给假日加班者的）双倍工资. ,double transitive `verb (linguistics 语言) verb that takes an indirect object as well as a direct object, eg offer in He offered me a job 双及物动词（即要求直接宾语和间接宾语的动词, 如He offered me a job中的offer）.

doublet
[5dQblit; 5dQblit] n 1 (formerly) short close-fitting jacket worn by men, with or without sleeves （旧时）男用紧身上衣或背心. 2 either of a pair of similar things, esp one of two words with the same origin but a different form or meaning, eg hospital/hostel 一对类似的东西中的一个; （尤指同源异形或异义的）双式词, 如hospital/hostel.

doubly
[5dQbli; 5dQbli] adv (used before adjs 用於形容词之前) 1 to twice the extent or amount 加倍地: * Make doubly sure that all the doors are locked, ie check twice. 再查看一下是否所有的门都锁好了. 2 in two ways 两方面地; 双重地: * She is doubly gifted: * as a writer and as an artist. 她又是作家又是艺术家, 有双重天赋.

doubt
1[daut; daut] n 1 [U, C] ~ (about/as to sth); ~ (as to) whether... (feeling of) uncertainty or disbelief 怀疑; 不确定; 不信任: * There's some doubt about his suitability for the job. 他是否适合该工作有些疑问. * There is (no) room for doubt. （没）有怀疑的馀地. * I have grave doubts about her honesty. 我很怀疑她是否诚实. * The latest scientific discoveries cast doubt on earlier theories. 科学上的最新发现使我们对以前的学说产生怀疑. * She had her doubts (as to) whether he would come. 她无法确定他是否来. * Although a very religious man, he is still troubled by occasional doubts. 他虽然笃信宗教, 但有时仍感到迷惘. 2 [U] ~ about sth/that. . . (used after negatives to emphasize conviction 用於否定词後以强调深信不疑) reason for not believing sth 不相信: * There's not much doubt about it, ie It is almost certain. 那件事情没有什麽可疑之处. * I have no doubt that you will succeed. 我肯定你能成功. 3 (idm 习语) beyond a/any `doubt; beyond all (possible) `doubt certainly 无疑地: * She was beyond all doubt the finest ballerina of her day. 她无疑是她那个时代最优秀的芭蕾舞演员. give sb the benefit of the `doubt => benefit. in `doubt uncertain; undecided 不肯定的; 不确定的: * Their acceptance of the contract is still in doubt. 他们是否接受那合同还说不准. * If in doubt, don't, ie Don't act unless you're certain. 没有把握就不要做. ,no `doubt very probably 无疑地; 很可能: * No doubt he means to help, but in fact he just gets in the way. 他确实是想帮忙, 然而事实上却只是帮倒忙. without (a) `doubt certainly 无疑地; 确实地: * He is without doubt the cleverest student I've ever taught. 他确实是我所教过的学生中最聪明的.

doubtful
[5dautfl; 5dautfEl] adj 1 [usu pred 通常作表语] ~ (about sth/doing sth) (of a person) feeling doubt; unsure （指人）感到怀疑, 不能确定: * feel doubtful about (the wisdom of) going/about whether to go or not 拿不定主意去不去（不知道应否去）. 2 causing doubt; uncertain 令人生疑的; 不肯定的: * The weather looks rather doubtful, ie unsettled. 天气看来靠不住（可能会变天）. * a doubtful (ie unreliable) ally 不可靠的盟友 * It's a doubtful blessing, ie It may or may not be one. 这是不是福不好说. 3 unlikely; improbable 未必的; 不大可能的: * It is extremely doubtful that anyone survived the explosion. 在那场爆炸中很难有幸存者. 4 [attrib 作定 语] possibly dishonest, disreputable, etc; causing suspicion; questionable （诚实、 名声等）不大好的, 可疑的, 有问题的: * a rather doubtful character, neighbourhood,past 很可疑的人物、 邻居、 过去. > doubtfully[-fEli; -fEli] adv.

doubtless
[5dautlis; 5dautlis] adv almost certainly; very probably 大概; 很可能: * Doubtless he'll be bringing his guitar, as usual. 他很可能跟平常一样会带吉他来.

douche
[du:F; duF] n (device for directing a) stream of water into or onto a part of the body, esp the vagina, to clean it or for medical purposes （对身体部位, 尤指对阴道的）冲洗液, 灌洗液, 冲洗器, 灌洗器. 派生： douche v [I, Tn] treat (sth) with a douche 冲洗或灌洗（某部位）.

dough
[dEu; do] n [U] 1 thick mixture of flour, water, etc ready to be baked into bread, pastry, etc （做面包、 糕点等的）生面团. 2 (sl 俚) money 钱. 派生： doughy adj of or like dough; soft, pale and flabby （似）面团的; 柔软、 苍白而松弛的: a doughy complexion 苍白的肤色. 复合： `doughnut n small cake, usu in the shape of a ring or a ball, made from sweetened dough cooked in fat 炸圈饼. =>illus at bread 见bread之插图.

doughty
[5dauti; 5dauti] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (arch or rhet 古或修辞) brave and strong 勇敢而顽强的: * a doughty warrior 勇猛的战士.

dour
[duE(r); dur] adj stern; severe; gloomy-looking; joyless 严厉的; 严格的; 脸色阴沉的; 闷闷不乐的: * dour looks 抑郁的表情 * a dour silence 阴森森的寂静. > dourly adv.

douse
(also dowse)[daus; daus] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (in/with sth) put sb/sth into (water); throw (water) over sb/sth 将某人[某物]放入（水中）; 在某人[某物]上泼（水）: * douse the flames/a fire 浇灭火焰[炉火] * As a joke, they doused him with a bucket of water. 他们开玩笑, 把一桶水泼到他身上了. 2 [Tn] put out or turn off (a light) 熄, 灭, 关（灯）.

dove
1[dQv; dQv] n 1 type of bird with short legs, a small head and a thick body, that makes a cooing sound and is often used as a symbol of peace 鸽子（常用作和平的象徵）. 2 (fig 比喻) person, esp a politician, who favours peace and negotiation rather than war or confrontation 温和派人物; （尤指）鸽派政治家. Cf 参看 hawk1 2. 复合： dovecote[5dQvkCt, also 'dQvkEut; 5dQv7kat 'dQv7kot] n 1 building providing shelter and often nesting-boxes for pigeons and doves 鸽舍; 鸽房. 2 (idm 习语) flutter the dovecotes => flutter.

dovetail
[5dQvteil; 5dQv7tel] n joint for fixing two pieces of wood together, with one piece cut in the shape of a wedge fitting into a groove of the same shape in the other 鸠尾榫; 楔形榫. =>illus 见插图. 派生： dovetail v 1 [Tn] join (two pieces of wood) in this way 以鸠尾榫接合（两块木头）. 2 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (with sth) (fig 比喻) fit together; combine neatly 吻合; 密合: My plans dovetailed nicely with hers. 我的计划和她的计划非常吻合.

dowager
[5dauEdVE(r); 5dauEdVl] n 1 woman who holds a title or property because of her dead husband's position 因亡夫之地位而持有称号或财产的寡妇: * [attrib 作定语] the dowager duchess 公爵遗孀. 2 (infml 口) dignified, usu wealthy, elderly woman 年长的贵妇人.

dowdy
[5daudi; 5daudi] adj (-ier, -iest) (derog 贬) 1 (of clothes, etc) dull; unfashionable; drab （指衣物等）单调的, 过时的. 2 (of a person) dressed in dowdy clothes （指人）穿着单调的或过时的. > dowdily adv. dowdiness n [U].

dowel
[5dauEl; 5dauEl] n wooden or metal pin with no head for holding two pieces of wood, metal, stone, etc together 暗榫; 暗钉; 合缝钉.

down
market

down draught
(US down draft)[5daun dra:ft; - drAft; 5daun 7drAft] downward current of air, esp one that moves down a chimney into a room 向下的气流（尤指从烟囱倒灌入室者）.

Down's syndrome
[5daunz sindrEum; 5daunz7sindrom] (also mongolism) abnormal condition in which a person is born with a broad flattened skull, slanting eyes and mental deficiency 唐氏综合症（一种头颅宽扁、 眼斜的先天白痴）.

down1
* The heels of these shoes are quite worn down. 鞋後跟磨损得很厉害. 5 (a) (written) on paper 在纸上（写）: * write it down 写下来 * copy/note/put/take sth down 抄下[摘记下/写下/记下]某事物. (b) added to a list 加入清单中: * Have you got me down for the team? 你把我加进球队名单里了吗? 6 ~ (to sb/sth) (indicating the upper (and lower) limits in a range 表示上（或下）限): * Everyone played well, from the captain down. 上自队长下至每个队员都表现得很好. * Nobody was free from suspicion, from the head girl down to the youngest pupil. 上自首席女学长下至年龄最小的学生, 没有一个不受到怀疑的. 7 (a) (with a specified amount of money) spent or lost 花掉或失去（某钱数）: * After paying all the bills, I found myself 5 down. 付清所有帐单後, 我知道共花了5英镑. (b) as a deposit 作为定金: * Pay me 50 down and the rest at the end of the month. 先付给我50英镑定金, 馀款要月底付清. * [attrib 作定语] Pay me 50 as a down payment. 先付给我50英镑定钱. 8 (used in measuring one's progress through a series of individual people, things, etc 用以计算进度（如处理人、 事物等的数量）): * That's 10 down, another 5 candidates to see yet. 已经面试了10人, 还有5人要见. 9 (idm 习语) be down on sb (infml 口) feel, show or express disapproval or hostility towards sb 对某人感到、 表示或表达出不满或有敌意: * She's terribly down on people who don't do things her way. 她对不按她的要求做事的人十分不满. be down to sb be dependent on sb 依赖、 依靠或依仗某人: * It's down to you now to look after the family business. 现在得靠你照管家族生意了. be down to sth have only a little (money) left 只剩一点儿（钱）: * be down to one's last penny, pound, etc 只剩下最後一便士、 一镑等 * I'm afraid I can't buy you a drink I'm down to my last 50p. 很抱歉, 我不能请你喝什麽了--我只剩下50便士了. be/go down with sth have or catch an illness 有病; 得病:

down2
* Peter can't play tomorrow, he's (gone) down with flu. 彼得明天不能参赛了, 他得了流感. ,down and `out having no home, money, etc; destitute 无家、 无钱等; 穷困潦倒: * He looked completely down and out. 他看上去已穷困潦倒. * [attrib 作定语] ,down-and-out ,homeless `people 穷困潦倒、 无家可归的人. down below in or to the basement of a building or to the hold of a ship, etc 在底下, 到底下（地下室、 船舱等）. ,down `stage (of sb/sth) at or to the part of the stage nearest the audience 在（或向）舞台前 部: * move down stage (of the other actors) 向舞台前方移动（到其他演员的前面）. down through sth throughout (a considerable period of time) 经过（相当长的一段时间）: * Down through the years this town has seen many changes. 经过这些年, 这城市有了许多变化. down `under (infml 口) in Australia 在澳大利亚: * Down under they speak their own kind of English. 在澳大利亚, 人们说的是当地的英语. down with sb/sth (used to express a wish that a person, a group or an institution should be banned or abolished 用以表示打倒或取消某人、 某团体或某机构): * Down with the government! 打倒政府! * Down with school uniforms! 取消穿校服的规定! 复合： `down-and-out n destitute person 穷困潦倒的人. ,down-to-`earth adj practical; sensible 脚踏实地的; 现实的; 实际的: He needs to marry a down-to-earth person who will organize his life for him. 他需要娶个讲求实际的人做妻子好为他安排生活.

downbeat
[5daunbi:t; 5daun7bit] n (music 音) first beat of a bar (when the conductor's hand moves downwards) 下拍（乐队指挥向下的手势）. Cf 参看 upbeat. 派生： downbeat adj (infml 口) 1 gloomy; pessimistic 忧郁的; 悲观的. 2 relaxed; not showing strong feelings 松弛的; 不强烈的.

downcast
[5daunka:st; - 'daunkAst; 5daun7kAst] adj 1 (of eyes) looking downwards （指眼睛）目光向下的. 2 (of a person, an expression, etc) depressed; sad （指人、 表情等）沮丧的, 悲哀的: * He seemed very downcast at the news. 那消息似乎使他非常难过.

downer
[5daunE(r); 5daunl] n (sl 俚) 1 drug having a depressant effect, esp a barbiturate 抑制药, 镇静药（尤指巴比妥类）. Cf 参看 upper n 2. 2 depressing experience, person, etc 令人沮丧的经历、 人等: * What a downer that guy is! 那家伙多让人泄气呀!

downfall
[5daunfC:l; 5daun7fCl] n [sing] 1 fall from a position of prosperity or power 衰落; 败落; 垮台: * Greed led to his downfall. 他贪得无厌而导致身败名裂. 2 thing that causes this 衰落、 败落、 垮台等的原因: * His vanity was his downfall. 他因虚荣心太重而垮台.

downgrade
[5daungreid; 5daun7gred] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (from sth) (to sth) reduce sb/sth to a lower grade, rank or level of importance 使某人[某事物]降级、 降职或降低重要性: * She's been downgraded (from principal) to deputy. 她已（从校长）降为副校长. Cf 参看 upgrade.

downhill
[7daun'hil; 5daun7hil] adv 1 towards the bottom of a hill; in a downward direction 向山下; 向下. 2 (idm 习语) ,go down`hill get worse (in health, fortune, social status, etc); deteriorate （健康状况、 运气、 社会地位等）走下坡路, 每况愈下; 恶化: * This part of the town used to be fashionable, but it's starting to go downhill. 该市这一地区一度很繁华, 如今已江河日下. 派生： downhill adj 1 [attrib 作定语] going or sloping towards the bottom of a hill 下山的; 下坡的; 向山下倾斜的: a ,downhill `race 下山比赛. 2 (infml 口) easy compared to what came before （与前相较）容易的: The difficult part is learning the new computer codes after that it's all downhill. 困难的部分是学会计算机的新编码--其馀就轻而易举了.

Downing Street
[5dauniN stri:t; 5dauniN7strit] (a) London street where the British Prime Minister's official residence is 唐宁街（伦敦街道名, 英国首相官邸所在地）. (b) (fig 比喻) the Prime Minister or the British Government 英国首相; 英国政府: * Downing Street has so far refused to comment on these reports. 英国政府对这些报道迄今不予置评.

download
[7daun'lEud; 7daun'lod] v [Tn, Tn.pr] (computing 计) transfer (a program, data, etc) from a large computer system to a smaller one 将（程序, 资料等）从大计算机系统输入小计算机系统.

downpour
[5daunpC:(r); 5daun7pCr] n (usu sing 通常作单数) heavy, usu sudden, fall of rain 倾盆大雨: * be caught in a downpour 遇上瓢泼大雨.

downright
[5daunrait; 5daun7rait] adj [attrib 作定语] 1 (of sth undesirable) thorough; complete （指不喜欢的事物）彻底的, 十足的, 完全的: * a downright lie 彻头彻尾的谎言 * downright stupidity 愚不可及. 2 frank; straightforward 坦白的; 直率的. 派生： downright adv thoroughly 彻底地: He wasn't just inconsiderate, he was downright rude. 他岂止不体谅人, 简直是十分粗暴.

downstairs
[7daun'steEz; 5daun'sterz] adv 1 down the stairs 顺楼梯而下: * He fell downstairs and broke his wrist. 他从楼梯跌下, 摔伤了手腕. 2 on or to a lower floor 在楼下; 往楼下: * They're waiting for us downstairs. 他们在楼下等我们. Cf 参看 upstairs. 派生： downstairs adj [attrib 作定语]: the downstairs toilet 楼下的厕所. downstairs n [sing v] lower floor of a building, esp the ground floor 楼下（尤指一楼）: The whole downstairs needs repainting. 楼下全层需要重新粉刷.

downstream
[7daun'stri:m; 7daun'strim] adv in the direction in which a river flows 顺流而下; 朝下游方向: * drift, float, etc downstream 顺流漂浮. Cf 参看 upstream.

downtown
[7daun'taun; 5daun'taun] adv (esp US) to or in the centre of a city, esp the main business and commercial district 朝着或位於城市的中心区（尤指闹市及商业区）: * go, move, live downtown 前往、 搬往、 住在闹市 * [attrib 作定语] downtown Manhattan 曼哈顿商业区. Cf 参看 uptown.

downtrodden
[5dauntrCdn; 5daun'tradn] adj kept down and badly treated; oppressed 受蹂躏的; 受践踏的; 受压迫的: * downtrodden workers 受压迫的工人.

downward
[5daunwEd; 5daunwld] adj [usu attrib 通常 作定语] moving, leading or pointing to what is lower or less important 向下的; 下降的; 降低的: * a downward movement, slope 下行、 下坡 * a downward trend in prices 价格下降的趋势 * (fig 比喻) on the downward path, ie getting worse 走下坡路（日益恶化）. 派生： downwards (also downward) adv towards what is lower 向下地: She laid the picture face downward on the table. 她把那幅画正面朝下放在桌上. * The garden sloped gently downwards towards the river. 花园呈缓坡向河边倾斜. =>Usage at forward2 用法见forward2.

downy
[5dauni; 5dauni] adj like or covered with down5 像绒毛的; 有羽绒的; 有软毛的.

dowry
[5dauEri; 5dauri] n [C, U] property or money brought by a bride to her husband 嫁妆; 嫁奁; 妆奁.

dowse
1 = douse.

doxology
[dCk'sClEdVi; daks'alEdVi] n hymn or other prayer praising God, esp one sung during a church service 叁一颂; 赞美歌.

doyen
[5dCiEn; 5dCiEn] (US usu 美式英语通常作 dean/di:n; din/) (fem 阴性作 doyenne/dCi'en; dCi'en] ) n senior member of a group, profession, etc （团体、 职业等的）资深者, 老前辈, 元老: * She founded the club and is now our doyenne. 她创建了这个俱乐部, 现在是我们的元老. * the doyen of the French Department 法语系的老前辈.

doyley
= doily.

doz
abbr 缩写 = dozen: 3 doz eggs 3打鸡蛋.

doze
[dEuz; doz] v [I, Ip] 1 sleep lightly 小睡; （打）瞌睡; 打盹儿. 2 (phr v) doze off fall into a light sleep 打（起）瞌睡（来）; 打（起）盹儿（来）: * I dozed off during the film. 我看电影时打起盹儿来了. 派生： doze n (usu sing 通常作单数) short light sleep 小睡; 瞌睡; 盹儿: I had a quick doze on the train. 我在火车上打了一会儿瞌睡.

dozen
[5dQzn; 5dQzn] n (pl ~s or unchanged when counting sth 作量词时复数不变) (abbr 缩写 doz) 1 set of twelve （一）打（十二个）: * Eggs are sold by the dozen. 鸡蛋按打卖. * They're 70p a dozen. 这卖70便士一打. * Pack them in dozens. 按打装袋吧. * [attrib 作定语] Half a dozen (ie 6) eggs, please. 我要半打鸡蛋. * We need three dozen boxes. 我们需要叁打盒子. =>App 4 见附录4. 2 (idm 习语) a baker's dozen => baker. one's daily dozen => daily. a dime a dozen => dime. dozens of (infml 口) lots of 许多: * She's got dozens of boy-friends. 她的男朋友多极了. talk, etc, nineteen to the `dozen talk, etc continually 不停地谈、 说等: * They were chatting away nineteen to the dozen. 他们聊个没完. (it is) ,six of `one and ,half a dozen of the `other there is very little difference between the one and the other 两者几无区别; 半斤八紽: * I can't tell whether he or she is to blame it's six of one and half a dozen of the other. 我说不好他们俩谁是谁非--一个半斤, 一个八紽.

dozy
[5dEuzi; 5dozi] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 sleepy 困倦的; 昏昏欲睡的: * I'm feeling a bit dozy this afternoon. 今天下午我觉得有点困. 2 (Brit infml 口) stupid 愚蠢的: * Come on, you dozy lot use your heads! 快点, 你们这群笨蛋--开动脑筋嘛!

DPhil
[7di: 'fil; 7di 'fil] abbr 缩写 = Doctor of Philosophy （哲学）博士: * have/be a DPhil in History 有历史学博士学位[为历史学博士] * Hugh Benson DPhil 豪．本森哲学博士. Cf 参看 PhD.

DPP
[7di: pi: 'pi:; 7di pi 'pi] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Director of Public Prosecutions 检察官.

Dr
abbr 缩写 = 1 (academic or medical) Doctor 博士; 医生: Dr (James) Walker （詹姆斯．）沃克医生（或博士）. 2 (in street names) Drive （作街道名的）路, 大道: 21 Elm Dr 埃尔姆大街21号.

drab
[drAb; drAb] adj dull; uninteresting 单调的; 乏味的: * a drab evening, existence, personality 单调乏味的夜晚、 生活、 个性 * dressed in drab colours 衣着色彩灰暗. > drably adv. drabness n [U].

drachma
[5drAkmE; 5drAkmE] n (pl -mas or -mae[-mi:; -mi/) unit of money in Greece 德拉克马（希腊货币单位）.

Draconian
[drE'kEuniEn; drE'koniEn] adj (fml 文) very harsh 严厉的; 严酷的: * Draconian measures, laws, policies, etc 严厉的措施、 法律、 政策等.

draft
1[dra:ft; - drAft; drAft] n 1 [C] rough preliminary written version of sth 草稿; 草案: * This is only the draft of my speech, but what do you think of it? 这仅仅是我演讲的草稿, 你认为怎样? * [attrib 作定语] a draft amendment, copy, version 修正草案、 草稿、 初稿. 2 (finance 财) (a) [C] written order to a bank to pay money to sb 汇票: * a draft on an American bank 向一家美国银行提款的汇票. (b) [U] payment of money by means of such an order 汇票的支付. 3 [CGp] group of people chosen from a larger group for a special purpose 特遣队; 特别小组: * We're sending a fresh draft of nurses to the worst hit area. 我们新派遣一组护理人员开赴受灾最重的地区. 4 the draft [sing] (US) = call-up (call2). 5 [C] (US) = draught. 复合： `draft-card n (US) card summoning a man to serve in the armed forces 徵兵卡. `draft-dodger n (US) man illegally evading the draft1(4)逃避兵役者.

draftsman
[5dra:ftsmEn; - 'drAfts-; 5drAftsmEn] n (pl -men) 1 person responsible for the careful and exact wording of a legal document or parliamentary bill （法律文件或议会法案的）起草人. 2 (US) = draughtsman.

drafty
(US) = draughty.

drag
1[drAg; drAg] n 1 [C] thing made to be dragged, eg a drag-net, or heavy harrow (pulled over the ground to break up the soil) 供拖、 拉之物（如拖网或重耙睱）. 2 [U] resistance of the air to the movement of an aircraft （飞行器的）空气阻力. Cf 参看 liftn 4. 3 [sing] (sl 俚) boring person or thing 累赘的或使人生厌的人或事物: * Walking's a drag let's take the car. 走路太费事--我们坐汽车吧. 4 [U] (sl 俚) woman's clothes worn by a man 男子穿的女子服装: * in drag （男子）穿着女服 * [attrib 作定语] a drag artiste 着女服的男艺人. 5 [C] (sl 俚) draw on a cigarette, etc 吸, 抽（香烟等）. 6 [sing] ~ on sb/sth (infml 口) person or thing that makes progress difficult 累赘的人或事物; 障碍: * She loves her family, but they're a drag on her career. 她热爱自己的家庭, 但家庭却是她事业的累赘. 派生：dragster[5drAgstE(r); 5drAgstl] n car with a specially adapted motor for drag racing （改装成的）高速赛车. 复合： `drag-hunt n hunt in which dogs follow the trail of a strong-smelling object dragged over the ground 追猎（猎犬循地上臭迹追踪）. `drag-net n (a) net pulled along the bottom of a river, etc, esp when searching for sth 拖网. (b) (fig 比喻) system of checks, raids, etc by the police for catching criminals 法网; 罗网; 兜捕. `drag race contest of acceleration between cars starting from a standstill 汽车加速赛. `drag racing.

draggled
[ 5drAgEld; `drA^ld/ adj = bedraggled.

dragoman
[5drAgEmEn; 5drAgEmEn] n (pl ~s) (esp formerly in some Middle Eastern countries) guide and interpreter （尤指旧时在某些中东国家的）导游和译员.

dragon
fly

dragoon
[drE'gu:n; drE'gun] n heavily-armed cavalryman 重骑兵. 派生： dragoon v (phr v) dragoon sb into doing sth force sb to do sth; bully sb into doing sth 迫使或威胁某人做某事: We were dragooned into going to the opera. 我们迫不得已去看了那场歌剧.

drain
1[drein; dren] n 1 pipe or channel that carries away sewage or other unwanted liquid 下水管; 下水道; 阴沟: * We had to call a plumber to unblock the drains. 我们得叫管工来通一通下水道. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page vi. 2 (US) = plug-hole. 3 (idm 习语) (go) down the `drain (infml 口) be wasted or spoilt 被浪费; 白费: * A single mistake and all that time and money would go down the drain. 只要发生一个错误, 全部的时间和金钱就将尽付东流. a drain on sb/sth anything that continuously uses up sb's strength, time, money, etc 消耗精力、 时间、 金钱等的事物: * Military spending is a huge drain on the country's resources. 军费开支是国家资源的一大消耗. laugh like a drain => laugh. 复合： `drain-pipe n pipe used in a system of drains 排水管. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page vi. ,drain-pipe `trousers (infml dated 口, 旧) tight-fitting trousers with straight narrow legs 瘦腿紧身裤.

drainage
[5dreinidV; 5drenidV] n [U] 1 draining or being drained 排水; 放水. 2 system of drains 排水系统. 3 what is drained off; sewage 排出的污水; 下水道的污物. 复合： `drainage-basin n area from which water is drained away by a river （河流的）流域.

drake
[dreik; drek] n 1 male duck 雄鸭; 公鸭. Cf 参看 duck1 1. 2 (idm 习语) play ducks and drakes with sb => ducks and drakes (duck1).

dram
[drAm; drAm] n 1 (abbr 缩写 dr) unit of weight, one-eighth of an ounce (apothecaries' weight) or one-sixteenth of an ounce (avoirdupois weight) 打兰（重量单位, 为药衡的drama /// [5dra:mE; 5dramE] n 1 (a) [C] play for the theatre, radio or TV 戏; 剧; 戏剧. (b) [U] plays as a branch of literature and as a performing art 戏剧文学; 戏剧艺术: * a masterpiece of Elizabethan drama 伊丽莎白时代的戏剧杰作 * (dated or fml 旧或文) lovers of the drama 戏剧爱好者 * [attrib 作定语] a drama critic, school, student 戏剧评论家、 学校、 学者. 2 [C] series of exciting events 一连串紧张刺激的事件: * a real-life hospital drama 医院中活生生的激动场面. 3 [U, C] excitement 激情: * Her life was full of drama. 她的生活充满激动人心的事情. 4 (idm 习语) make a drama out of sth exaggerate a small problem or trivial incident 小题大做; 夸大其词: * He makes a drama out of a simple visit to the dentist. 他把看牙这样一件小事弄得小题大做.

dramatic
[drE'mAtik; drE'mAtik] adj 1 [attrib 作定语] of drama 戏剧的: * a dramatic society 戏剧协会 * The play is a dramatic representation of a real event. 这出话剧改编自真人真事. 2 exciting or impressive 戏剧性的; 激动人心的; 给人深刻印象的: * dramatic changes, developments, news 激动人心的变化、 发展、 消息 * Her opening words were dramatic. 她的开场白十分动听. 派生： dramatically[-kli; -kli] adv: * Her attitude changed dramatically. 她的态度突然大大改变. dramatics n [usu sing v 通常与单数动词连用] 1 study or practice of acting and producing plays 戏剧表演和创作的研究或实践: amateur dramatics 业馀戏剧活动. 2 (derog 贬) exaggerated or over-emotional behaviour 夸张的或过分激动的行为: I've had enough of your dramatics. 我看够你装腔作势的表现了. 复合： dra,matic `irony effect produced in a drama, etc when the audience understands the implications of words or actions better than the characters do themselves 戏剧性讽示（一种戏剧效果, 观众领会到剧中人言行的含义而剧中人本身却未领会到）.

dramatis personae
[7drAmEtis pE:'sEunai; 5drAmEtis pl'soni] (fml 文) (list of the) characters in a play 剧中人物（表）.

dramatist
[5drAmEtist; 5drAmEtist] n writer of plays 剧作家; 编剧.

dramatize
[5drAmEtaiz; 5drAmE7taiz] v 1 [Tn] make (eg a novel or an event) into a play 将（小说或事件）改编成剧本: * a dramatized documentary, ie a play based on a report of real events 基於真实事件报道而改编成的戏剧. 2 [I, Tn] make (an incident, etc) seem more dramatic than it really is 使（事情）戏剧化; 夸张: * Don't believe everything she tells you; she tends to dramatize. 她的话不可尽信; 她往往言过其实. * The affair was dramatized by the press. 新闻界把事情夸大了. > dramatization, -isation[7drmEtai'zeiFn, -ti'z-;7drAmEtai'zeFEn, -tE'z-] n [U, C]: * a TV dramatization of the trial. 据审判纪实改编成的电视剧.

drank
pt of drink3.

drape
[dreip; drep] v 1 (a) [Tn.pr] ~ sth round/over sth hang (cloth, curtains, a cloak, etc) loosely on sth 将（衣物、 、 幕、 斗篷等）悬挂, 披: * a fur coat draped round her shoulders 披在她肩上的皮大衣 * Dust-sheets were draped over the furniture. 家具上盖着防尘布. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (in/with sth) cover or decorate sb/sth (with cloth, etc) （用布等）遮盖或装饰某人[某事物]: * Dracula appeared, draped in a huge cloak. 吸血鬼披着一件大斗篷走了出来. * walls draped with tapestries 饰有挂毯的墙壁. 2 [Tn.pr] ~ sth round/over sth allow sth to rest loosely on sth 将某物随便围在或放在另一物上: * She draped her arms around his neck. 她伸开双臂轻轻地搂着他的脖子. 派生： drape n 1 [sing] way in which a curtain, dress, etc hangs （ 、 幕、 衣、 裙等）悬挂状. 2 [C] (US) = curtain.

draper
[5dreipE(r); 5drepl] n (Brit) shopkeeper who sells cloth and clothing 布商; 服装商.

drapery
[5dreipEri; 5drepEri] n 1 [U] (Brit) (US dry goods) draper's trade or goods 布料及服装业或所经售的货物: * [attrib 作定语] the drapery department 布料及服装部. 2 [C, U] cloth, etc hanging in loose folds 打摺悬挂的布等.

drastic
[5drAstik; 5drAstik] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] 1 having a strong or violent effect 激烈的; 猛烈的; 烈性的: * Drastic measures will have to be taken to restore order. 为恢复秩序必须采取严厉措施. 2 very serious 极严重的: * a drastic shortage of food 食物的严重匮乏. > drastically[-kli; -kli] adv.

drat
[drAt; drAt] interj (infml 口) (used to express one's annoyance with sb/sth 用以表示讨厌某人[某事物]): * Drat that child! 讨厌的孩子! > dratted adj [attrib 作定语] (infml 口): * This dratted pen won't work. 这枝讨厌的钢笔写不出字来.

draughtsman
[5dra:ftsmEn; 5drAftsmEn] (US draftsman/ 5drAfts-; `drAfts-/) n (pl -men[-mEn; -mEn/) 1 person whose job is to make plans and sketches of machinery, buildings, etc 起草人; 制图员. 2 person who can draw well 善画者; 美术家: * I'm no draughtsman, I'm afraid, ie no good at drawing. 我根本不擅长画画. 3 (Brit) (US checker) piece used in the game of draughts 国际跳棋棋子.

draughty
[5dra:fti; 5drAfti] (US drafty[5drAfti; 5drAfti] )adj (-ier, -iest) with draughts of air blowing through 通风的; 有过堂风的; 有穿堂风的: * It's terribly draughty in here. 这儿穿堂风大极了. > draughtiness n [U].

draw
1[drC:; drC] n 1 (a) (usu sing 通常作单数) ~ (for sth) act of picking at random tickets in a lottery, matches in a tournament, etc 抽奖; 抽签; 抓斗龟儿: * The draw for the raffle takes place on Saturday. 抽彩仪式星期六举行. * the draw for the second round of the European Cup 为欧洲杯足球赛第二轮抽签. (b) lottery in which the winner is chosen this way 奖券; 彩票. Cf 参看 raffle. 2 result of a game in which neither player or side wins 平局; 不分胜负: * The match ended in a draw 2-2. 比赛以2比2打成平局结束. 3 (usu sing 通常作单数) person or thing that attracts people 有吸引力的人或事物: * A live band is always a good draw at a party. 现场演奏的乐队在聚会上总是很吸引人的. 4 act of drawing at a cigarette, pipe, etc 吸烟; 抽烟斗. 5 (idm 习语) the luck of the draw => luck. (be) quick/slow on the `draw (a) quick/slow at pulling out one's gun, etc 掏出枪等敏捷[迟缓]. (b) (infml 口) quick/slow to understand 领悟敏捷[迟钝]: * He's a nice lad, but a bit slow on the draw. 他是个挺不错的小伙子, 就是头脑欠灵活.

drawback
[5drC:bAk; 5drC7bAk] n ~ (of/to doing sth) disadvantage; problem 不利条件; 缺点; 障碍: * The great drawback to living on a main road is the constant noise. 住在通衢大道上的最大缺点就是噪声不断.

drawbridge
[5drC:bridV; 5drC7bridV] n bridge (esp formerly across the moat of a castle) that can be pulled up to stop people crossing 吊桥（尤指旧时跨越城堡护壕的）: * lower/raise the drawbridge 放下[拉起]吊桥. =>illus at castle 见castle之插图.

drawer
[drC:(r); drCr] n 1 box-like container, with one or more handles but no lid, that slides in and out of a piece of furniture, etc 抽屉: * the middle drawer of my desk 我的写字台中间的抽屉 * clear out one's drawers 清理抽屉. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xvi. 2/ 5drR:E(r); `drRL/ (a) (finance 财) person who draws a cheque, etc （支票, 票据等的）开票人, 出票人. (b) person who draws pictures 制图者; 绘图员; 画者: * I'm not a very good drawer. 我不擅长绘图.

drawing
[5drC:iN; 5drCiN] n 1 [U] art of representing objects by lines, with a pencil, chalk, etc 绘画（艺术）; 制图（技巧）: * classes in figure drawing 人物素描课. 2 [C] picture made in this way 图画; 图样: * a collection of Italian drawings 意大利素描集. 复合： `drawing-board n 1 flat board to which paper is fixed while a drawing is made 制图板; 绘图板. 2 (idm 习语) (go) back to the drawing-board prepare a new plan for sth because an earlier one has failed （失败後）重新做: They've rejected our proposal, so it's back to the drawing-board, I'm afraid. 他们已经拒绝了我们的建议, 看来我们得从头来了. `drawing-pin (US `thumb-tack) n flat-headed pin for fastening paper, etc to a board, wall, etc 图钉.

drawl
[drC:l; drCl] v [I, Tn, Tn.p] speak or say (sth) in a slow lazy manner, with drawn-out vowels 拖长腔调慢吞吞地说（话）: * drawl (out) one's words 拉长调说话. 派生： drawl n [sing] drawling manner of speaking 拖长腔调慢吞吞的说话方式: a broad Texan drawl 得克萨斯州人字字拉长调的说话方式.

drawn
1[drC:n; drCn] adj (of a person or his face) looking very tired or worried （指人或人脸）疲惫的, 憔悴的, 愁眉苦脸的: * She looked pale and drawn after weeks of sleepless nights. 她经历了数周不眠之夜, 看上去脸色苍白, 形容憔悴.

dray
[drei; dre] n low flat cart for carrying heavy loads, esp barrels from a brewery 板车, 大车（尤指装运酿造厂的大木桶者）. 复合： `dray-horse n horse used for pulling a dray 拉板车的马.

dread
[dred; dred] n 1 [U, C] great fear; terror 恐惧; 畏惧: * He has always stood in dread of his father. 他一见到他父亲就害怕. * She has a dread of hospitals. 她害怕医院. 2 [C] thing that is greatly feared 令人惧怕的事物: * Poverty is many people's constant dread. 人常怕受穷. 派生： dread v [Tn, Tf, Tt, Tg, Tsg] fear (sth) greatly 惧怕, 害怕, 畏惧（某事）: dread illness/being ill 害怕生病 * I dread that I may never see you again. 我很怕再也见不到你了. * We all dread to think what will happen if the factory closes. 假如工厂关闭可怎麽办, 我们想及此事都不寒而栗. * The moment I had been dreading had arrived. 使我一直忐忑不安的时刻已经来到. dreaded adj greatly feared 非常可怕的: the dreaded scourge of smallpox 可怕的天花祸害.

dreadful
[5dredfl; 5dredfEl] adj 1 [esp attrib 尤作定语] causing great fear or suffering; shocking 产生极大恐惧或痛苦的; 使人震惊的: * a dreadful accident, disease, nightmare 可怕的事故、 疾病、 恶梦 * He has to live with the dreadful knowledge that he caused their deaths. 他知道是自己使他们丧命而终生痛苦. 2 (infml 口) bad, boring or annoying 糟糕的; 讨厌的; 烦人的: * What dreadful weather! 天气糟透了! * a dreadful film, man, meal, country 糟糕的影片、 人、 饭菜、 国家 * The noise was dreadful. 噪声真讨厌. 3 [attrib 作定语] (infml 口) (used intensively 用以加强语气): * I'm afraid it's all a dreadful mistake. 看来全都大错特错了. 派生： dreadfully[-fEli; -fEli] adv 1 in a serious or shocking manner 严重地; 厉害地; 骇人地: * dreadfully injured 严重受伤. 2 (infml 口) badly 糟糕: * This article is dreadfully written. 这篇文章写得糟极了. 3 (infml 口) very 非常; 极其: * I'm afraid it's dreadfully late. 我看已经太迟了. dreadfulness n [U].

dreadlocks
[5dredlCks; 5dred7laks] n [pl] hair worn in long curled strands, esp by Rastafarians 拉斯塔法里式发绺（尤指非洲拉斯塔法里人所蓄满头又长又细的发辫）. =>illus at plait 见plait之插图.

dreadnought
[5drednC:t; 5dred7nCt] n early 20th century battleship 无畏战舰（20世纪初的一种战舰）.

dream
1[dri:m; drim] n 1 [C] sequence of scenes and feelings occurring in the mind during sleep 梦: * I have a recurrent dream that I've turned into an elephant. 我屡次梦见自己变成了大象. * Good night -- sweet dreams! 晚安--祝你做好梦! 2 [sing] state of mind in which things happening around one seem unreal 如於梦中的心态: * be/live/go around in a (complete) dream （全然）处於[生活在]梦幻中. 3 [C] ambition or ideal, esp when it is unrealistic 抱负; 理想; （尤指）梦想: * My son's dream is to be an astronaut. 我儿子的理想是当宇航员. * the car, holiday, home of your dreams 你梦寐以求的汽车、 假日、 家园 * If I win the tournament, it will be a dream come true, ie something I wanted very much, but did not expect to happen. 我要是能赢得锦标赛, 我的梦想就实现了. 4 [sing] (infml 口) beautiful or wonderful person or thing 美丽或美好的人或事物: * Her new dress is an absolute dream. 她的新连衣裙漂亮极了. * [attrib 作定语] a dream house, kitchen 理想的房屋、 厨房. 5 (idm 习语) a bad `dream situation that is so unpleasant one cannot believe it is real 噩梦般的处境: * You can't be leaving me this is a bad dream! 你千万不可离开我--这太可怕了! beyond one's wildest dreams => wild. go, etc like a `dream (infml 口) work very well 极好用; 性能极佳: * My new car goes like a dream. 我的新汽车开起来得心应手. 派生： dreamless adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of sleep) without dreams; deep and sound （指睡眠）无梦的, 酣畅的. 复合： `dream-land[-lAnd; -7lAnd] n [U] (derog 贬) pleasant but unrealistic situation imagined by sb 空想; 幻想: * You must be in dream-land if you think he'll pay that much! 要是以为他会给那麽多报酬, 不啻是痴人说梦! `dreamlike adj like a dream 如梦的; 梦幻般的. `dream world state where sb imagines everything is the way he would like it to be 万事如意的理想境界; 理想世 界.

dreamy
[5dri:mi; 5drimi] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 (of a person) with thoughts far away from his present surroundings, work, etc （指人）心不在焉的. 2 vague or unclear 模糊的; 不清楚的: * a dreamy recollection of what happened 对已发生的事情模糊的回忆. 3 (infml 口) pleasantly gentle and relaxing 轻柔的; 轻松恬静的: * dreamy music 梦幻般柔曼的音乐. 4 (infml 口) wonderful 绝妙的; 极好的: * What a dreamy little house! 多麽小巧玲珑的房子啊! > dreamily[-ili; -ili] adv. dreaminess n [U].

dreary
[5driEri; 5driri] (also arch 古语作 drear/driE(r); drir] ) adj (-ier, -iest) 1 that makes one sad or depressed; dismal; gloomy 使人闷闷不乐或沮丧的; 阴沉的; 忧郁的: * a dreary winter day 沉闷的冬日. 2 (infml 口) boring; dull 令人厌烦的; 单调的; 枯燥的: * dreary people leading dreary lives 过着无聊生活的无聊的人. > drearily[5driErEli; 5drirEli] adv. dreariness n [U].

dredge
1[dredV; dredV] (also dredger) n machine for scooping or sucking mud, etc from the bottom of a river, canal, etc 挖泥机（从河底挖或吸泥等的机器）. 派生： dredge v 1 [Tn] deepen or clear (a river, etc) with a dredge （用挖泥机）疏浚（河道等）: They have to dredge the canal so that ships can use it. 他们须疏浚运河河道轮船方可通航. 2 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) (from sth) bring sth up using a dredge （用挖泥机）挖出或吸出某物: dredge for oysters 采捞牡蛎 * We're dredging (up) mud (from the river bed). 我们正在（从河床）挖淤泥. 3 (phr v) dredge sth up (usu derog 通常作贬义) mention sth that has been forgotten, esp sth that is unpleasant or embarrassing 重提旧事（尤指不愉快或令人难堪者）: dredge up details of that episode in Cairo 重提已被遗忘的开罗事件中的许多细节. dredger (also dredge) n boat or machine used for dredging 挖泥船; 挖泥机.

dregs
[dregz; dregz] n [pl] 1 solid particles that sink to the bottom of certain liquids, esp wine and beer 沉淀物（尤指葡萄酒和啤酒中者）. 2 (fig 比喻) worst and most useless part (of sth) 残渣; 渣滓: * the dregs of society 社会的渣滓. 3 (idm 习语) drink/drain sth to the `dregs drink all of sth 喝乾; 喝光.

drench
[drentF; drentF] v [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: * Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] 1 make (sb/sth) completely wet 使（某人[某物]）湿透: * We were caught in the storm and got drenched (through/to the skin). 我们遇上大雨, 全都浇透了. * be drenched with rain 被雨浇透. 2 ~ sb/sth (in/with sth) apply (a liquid) freely to sb/sth 在某人[某物]上大量使用（某液体）: * drench oneself in perfume 全身喷满香水 * The poster wouldn't stick even though I drenched it with glue. 我涂了大量胶水, 可那张海报就是贴不住. 派生： drenching n thorough wetting 湿透.

dress
1[dres; dres] n 1 [C] garment for a woman or girl, consisting of a bodice and skirt in one piece; frock 连衣裙; （上下连身的）女装: * She makes all her own dresses. 她的连衣裙都是自己做的. 2 [U] clothes, esp outer garments, for either men or women 衣服（男女均可）; （尤指）外衣: * casual/formal dress 便服[礼服] * evening dress 晚礼服. 复合： `dress-circle n (Brit) (US first balcony) first gallery in a theatre (where evening dress was formerly required) 戏院中楼厅的前排座位（从前要求坐该处的观众穿晚礼服）. Cf 参看 mezzanine. `dressmaker n person (esp a woman) who makes women's clothes （专做女服的）裁缝, （尤指）女裁缝. `dressmaking n [U]. `dress rehearsal 1 final rehearsal of a play, with the costumes, lighting, etc as they would be in a real performance 彩排. 2 (fig 比喻) practice 排演; 演习: The earlier revolts had just been dress rehearsals for full-scale revolution. 那些初期的反叛活动只不过是大规模革命行动的演习. `dress-shirt n shirt, sometimes with a frilly front, worn with a dinner jacket 礼服衬衫（有时前襟有褶边装饰）. ,dress `uniform elegant military dress worn by officers on ceremonial occasions 军礼服.

dressage
[5dresa:V; dre'saV] n [U] (a) training a horse to perform various movements that show its obedience to its rider 花式骑术训练. (b) display of such actions in a competition （马术比赛中）花式骑术表演.

dresser
1[5dresE(r); 5dresl] n 1 (used with an adj 与形容词连用) person who dresses in a specified way 以某种方式穿着的人: * a smart, scruffy, snappy, etc dresser 衣着时髦者、 邋遢者、 漂亮者等. 2 (in a theatre) person who helps actors put on their costumes （在剧院中）服装师. 3 (medical 医) person who helps a surgeon during an operation 外科医生助手.

dressing
[5dresiN; 5dresiN] n 1 [U] action of putting on clothes, bandaging wounds, etc 穿衣; 包扎伤口: * Dressing always takes her such a long time. 她穿衣服总是要那麽长时间. 2 [C, U] bandage, ointment, etc for treating a wound 敷料（处理伤口用的纱布、 油膏等）: * apply, change a dressing 施、 换敷料. 3 [C, U] sauce for food, esp a mixture of oil and vinegar for salads （食物）调料（尤指拌制色拉的油和醋的混合物）: * salad dressing 色拉调料. 4 [U] (US) = stuffing. 复合： `dressing-gown n (US usu 美式英语通常作 bathrobe, robe) loose gown worn indoors, usu before dressing 晨衣（通常为梳妆前在室内穿着的长而宽松的罩衫）. `dressing-room n room for changing one's clothes, esp one where an actor puts on his costume 更衣室; （尤指演员的）化妆室. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图,page ix. `dressing-table n piece of bedroom furniture with a mirror and drawers, used esp by women when they dress, make up, etc 梳妆台. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xvi.

dressy
[5dresi; 5dresi] adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) 1 (of a person) (fond of) wearing stylish or showy clothes （指人）穿着入时的, 爱穿花哨服装的: * They're a very dressy couple. 他们俩是讲究穿着的一对儿. 2 (of clothes) elegant or elaborate, to be worn on special occasions （指衣物）漂亮的, 讲究的, 特殊场合穿的: * You can't wear that to the reception it's not dressy enough. 你不能穿那种衣服出席招待会--不太庄重.

drew
pt of draw2.

dribble
[5dribl; 5dribl] v 1 [I, Ipr] allow saliva to run from the mouth 流口水; 流口涎: * The baby's just dribbled down my tie. 孩子刚才淌口水弄湿了我的领带. 2 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr] (cause a liquid to) fall in drops or a thin stream （使液体）滴下或作细流: * water dribbling out (of a tap) （从水龙头）滴下来的水 * Dribble the oil into the beaten egg yolks. 往打匀的蛋黄里一滴滴加油. 3 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] (in football, hockey, etc) move (the ball) forward with repeated slight touches （足球、 曲棍球等中）运球, 带球: * He dribbled (the ball) past the goalie to score. 他带球越过守门员射门得分. 派生： dribble n (usu sing 通常作单数) 1 trickle 涓滴; 细滴: a thin dribble of oil 细线般滴下的油. 2 act of dribbling a ball 运球; 带球. 3 very small amount of a liquid 少量（液体）: There's only a dribble of coffee left, I'm afraid. 看来只剩下一点点咖啡了.

driblet
[5driblit; 5driblit] n small amount 少量; 点滴; 零星: * in driblets, ie a little at a time 一点点地.

dribs
[dribz; 5dribz] n [pl] (idm 习语) in ,dribs and `drabs (infml 口) in small amounts 少量; 一点点; 零零星星: * She paid me in dribs and drabs, not all at once. 她零零星星地付给我钱, 而不是一次付清.

dried
pt, pp of dry2.

drier
1 compar of dry1.

drift
1[drift; drift] n 1 [U] drifting movement 漂; 漂动; 漂流; 漂移: * the drift of the tide, current, wind, etc 潮汐、 水流、 风等的缓缓流动. 2 [C] (fig 比喻) continuous uncontrolled movement or tendency towards sth bad （朝坏的方面发展的）倾向, 动向, 趋势: * a slow drift into debt, war, crisis, etc 逐步走上借贷的道路、 逐渐演变为战争、 渐渐陷入危机. 3 [U] practice of being inactive and waiting for things to happen 不采取行动以等待事情发展的做法: * Is the Government's policy one of drift? 政府采取的是否放任自流的政策? 4 [sing] (of speech, writing, etc) general meaning or sense; gist （指讲话、 写作等）主旨, 大意, 含意: * My German isn't very good, but I got the general drift of what she said. 我的德语不太好, 但她说的话我大致是明白的. 5 [C] mass of sth, esp snow or sand, piled up by the wind （风吹成的）堆积物, （尤指）雪堆, 沙堆: * deep snow-drifts （风吹成的）厚厚的积雪. 6 [U] deposits of earth, gravel, rock, etc left behind by a glacier 冰碛. 7 [U] = driftage. 派生： driftage[-idV; -idV] n [U] deviation by a ship from a set course, due to currents, winds, etc （船航行时受水流、 风等影响对航线的）偏移, 偏差.

drill
1[dril; dril] n tool or machine with a detachable pointed end for making holes 钻; 钻床; 钻机: * a dentist's drill 牙钻 * a pneumatic drill 风钻. Cf 参看 bit2 2. 派生： drill v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] make (a hole, etc) in some substance, esp with a drill 钻（孔）, 打眼（尤指用钻机）: drill for oil 钻井探油 * They're drilling a new tunnel under the Thames. 在泰晤士河河床下钻凿一条新隧道.

drily
= dryly (dry1).

drink
1[driNk; driNk] n 1 (a) [U, C] liquid for drinking 饮料: * food and drink 食物与饮料 * fizzy drinks 发嘶嘶声起泡的饮料. (b) [C] amount of liquid drunk or served 一杯或一份饮料: * a drink of water 一杯水. 2 (a) [U] alcoholic liquor 酒: * Isn't there any drink in the house? 家里有酒吗? (b) [C] amount of this drunk or served 一杯或一份酒: * How about a quick drink? 我们赶快喝杯酒好吗? * Drinks are on me, ie I will pay for them. 酒钱由我付. * He's had one drink too many, ie He is slightly drunk. 他有点醉了. 3 [U] habit of drinking too much alcohol 酗酒; 纵酒: * Drink is a growing problem among the young. 年轻人的酗酒问题越来越严重. * take to drink because of domestic problems 受家庭问题困扰而耽於饮酒. 4 the drink [sing] (sl 俚) the sea 海: * We crash-landed in the drink. 我们在海上紧急降落. 5 (idm 习语) be the ,worse for `drink be very drunk 酩酊大醉. the demon drink => demon. drive sb to drink => drive1. meat and drink to sb => meat.

drip
1[drip; drip] v (-pp-) 1 (a) [Ipr, Ip] fall in drops 滴下: * Rain was dripping (down) from the trees. 雨水从树上滴下. (b) [I, Tn, Tn.pr] let (liquid) fall in drops 让（液体）滴下: * Is that roof still dripping? 那个屋顶还漏雨吗? * a dripping tap 滴水的龙头 * He was dripping blood (onto the floor). 他的血正在滴（到地板上）. 2 (idm 习语) be dripping with sth be full of or covered with sth 充满; 布满: * His letter was dripping with flattery. 他的信中充满阿谀之词. * dripping with jewels 浑身珠光宝气. dripping/wringing wet => wet. 复合： ,drip-`dry adj (of a garment) able to dry quickly when hung up to drip （指衣服）能很快滴乾的: a,drip-dry `shirt, `fabric 能很快滴乾的衬衫、 织物. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Drip, leak, ooze, run, seep indicate the way in which a liquid escapes from a container or tap. *drip、 leak、 ooze、 run、 seep都表示液体从容器或活门流出的方式. Most (not seep) also indicate the way in which a container or tap allows a liquid to escape. 除seep外, 皆可指容器或活门使液体流出的方式. 1 Drip = (allow sth to) fall in regulardrops *drip = （使某物）有规律地滴落: Water is drippingfrom the pipe. 水从管中滴落. The pipe is dripping (water). 管子在滴（水）呢. 2 Leak = (allow sth to) get out (through a hole in sth) *leak = （使某物从孔中）漏出: Wine is leaking from the barrel. 酒自桶中渗漏出来. The barrel is leaking (wine). 酒桶漏（酒）. 3 Ooze = (allow sth to) move slowly (out of sth) because thick , ooze = （使某物）慢慢流出（因很稠）: Blood is oozing from the wound. 血从伤口慢慢流出. The wound is oozing (blood). 伤口在出血. 4 Run = (allow sth to) flow continuously (from sth) *run = （使某物）连续不断流出: Water is running from the tap. 水从龙头中流出. The tap is running. 龙头在流水. 5 dripping /// [5dripiN; 5dripiN] n [U] fat melted out of roast meat （烤肉上滴下的）油滴. 复合： `dripping-pan n pan in which dripping collects during roasting （烤肉时用以承接的）接油盘.

drive
1[draiv; draiv] v (pt drove/drEuv; drov] , pp driven[5drivn; 5drivEn] ) 1 (a) [I, Tn] (be able to) operate (a vehicle or locomotive) and direct its course （能）驾驶（车）; 开（火车）: * Can you drive? 你会开车吗? * He drives a taxi, ie That is his job. 他开计程车. * I drive (ie own) a Rolls-Royce. 我开的是劳斯莱斯汽车. (b) [I, Ipr, Ip] come or go somewhere in a car, van, etc 开车来或去某处: * Did you drive (ie come by car)? 你是开车来的吗? * I drive to work. 我开车上班. * Don't stop drive on! 不要停--往前开! =>Usage at travel 用法见travel. (c) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] take (sb) somewhere in a car, taxi, etc 用汽车、 计程车等送（某人）至某处: * Could you drive me to the station? 你可以开车送我到车站去吗? 2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] cause (animals or people) to move in some direction by shouts, blows, threats, etc 驱赶（动物或人）: * some cattle being driven by a man on a horse 骑马人驱赶着的一群牛 * drive sheep into a field 把羊赶到地里 * They drove the enemy back, ie forced them to retreat. 他们把敌人击退. * (fig 比喻) I was driven out of the club. 我被驱逐出俱乐部. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (of wind or water) carry (sth) along （指风或水）卷, 刮, 冲, 冲（某物）: * Huge waves drove the yacht onto the rocks. 巨浪把游艇卷到岩石上. * dead leaves driven along by the wind 风刮起的枯叶. 4 [I, Ipr] move rapidly or violently 急速地或猛烈地运动: * driving rain, hail, snow, etc 如注的大雨、 猛烈的冰雹、 纷飞的大雪 * The waves drove against the shore. 波浪冲击着岸边. 5 [Tn.pr] (a) force (sth) to go in a specified direction or into a specified position 迫使（某物）移动或进入某位置; 打; 敲; 击; 戳; 拧: * drive a nail into wood, a stake into the ground, etc 把钉子钉入木中、 把桩打进地里

drive1
* (fig 比喻) drive a proposal through Parliament 迫使议会通过一项建议. (b) construct (sth) with difficulty （吃力地）建造（某物）: * drive a new motorway across a mountain range. 奋力修 穿越山地的高速公路. * They drove a tunnel through the rock. 他们凿通一条穿过岩石的隧道. 6 (a) [Tn, Tn.p] force (sb) to act 迫使（某人）行动: * A man driven by jealousy is capable of anything. 嫉妒心可使人什麽都做得出来. * The urge to survive drove them on. 求生的欲望驱使他们继续努力. (b) [Tn.pr, Cn.a, Cn.t] cause or compel (sb) to be in a specified state or do a specified thing 使或逼（某人）处於某种状态或做某事: * drive sb crazy/to insanity/out of his mind 将某人逼疯[使某人精神失常/使某人丧失理智] * Hunger drove her to steal. 饥饿逼得她行窃. (c) [Tn] make (sb) work very hard, esp too hard 使（某人）努力（尤指过分）: * Unless he stops driving himself like this he'll have a breakdown. 他要是总这样拚命干下去是吃不消的. * He drives the team relentlessly. 他无情地鞭策全队苦练. 7 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] (sport 体) hit and send (a ball, etc) forward with force, esp in tennis, golf or cricket 猛击, 猛抽（尤指网球、 高尔夫球或板球）: * drive (the ball) into the rough （将球）击入深草区 * He drove beautifully, ie played this stroke well. 他这一球击得很漂亮. 8 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (of electricity or some other power) keep (machinery) going （指电力或其他动力）驱动, 推动: * a steam-driven engine 蒸汽机. 9 (idm 习语) be driving at (always with what as the object 必须以what作宾语) be trying to do or say 意在; 意指; 打算: * What are you driving at? 你是什麽意思呢? * I wish I knew what they were really driving at. 我希望我能知道他们真实的意图. drive a coach and horses through sth disregard

drive2
(eg a law or rule) in an obvious and a serious way without being punished, usu because of a loophole 钻（法律或规章的）空子. drive a hard `bargain insist on the best possible price, arrangements, etc when negotiating with sb 极力讨价还价drive3 /// `driving-belt n belt that is turned by an engine, etc and that then makes machinery turn 传动皮带. `driving-licence n (US driver's license) licence to drive a motor vehicle 驾驶执照. `driving school school for teaching people to drive motor vehicles 机动车驾驶学校. `driving-test n test that must be passed to obtain a driving-licence 驾驶员为取得驾驶执照的考试. `driving-wheel n wheel that communicates power to other parts of a machine, or to which power is applied 驱动轮; 主动轮.

drivel
[5drivl; 5drivl] n [U] silly nonsense 傻话; 胡言: * Don't talk drivel! 别胡说八道! 派生： drivel v (-ll-; US -l-) [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (on) (about sth) talk or write drivel 说或写无聊的内容; 胡说; 胡写: He was drivelling on about the meaning of life. 他喋喋不休地胡诌什麽人生的意义.

driven
pp of drive1.

driver
[5draivE(r); 5draivl] n 1 person who drives a vehicle 司机; 驾驶员; 马车夫: * a bus-, lorry-, taxi-driver 公共汽车、 卡车、 计程车司机 * a learner driver, ie sb who has not yet passed a driving-test 实习司机. 2 (golf) club with a wooden head used for driving the ball from the tee （高尔夫球）球棒. 3 person who drives animals 驱赶动物者. 4 (idm 习语) a back-seat driver => back-seat (back2). (be) in the `driver's seat in control 处於控制地位. 复合： `driver's license (US) = driving-licence (drive1).

drizzle
[5drizl; 5drizl] v [I] rain in many fine drops 下蒙蒙细雨; 下毛毛雨: * It had been drizzling all day. 下了一整天毛毛雨. 派生： drizzle n [U] fine misty rain 蒙蒙细雨; 毛毛雨. drizzly[5drizli; 5drizli] adj: * a cold drizzly day 下着蒙蒙细雨的寒冷的一天.

drogue
[drEug; drog] n funnel-shaped piece of material used as a wind-sock, sea anchor, target, etc （用作风向袋、 海锚、 靶子等的）锥形物. 复合： `drogue-parachute n small parachute used to pull a larger one from its pack （用以将大降落伞由伞包中拖出的）小降落伞.

droll
[drEul; drol] adj amusing in an odd or a quaint way 离奇古怪的; 逗人乐的; 滑稽的: * a droll story 离奇有趣的故事 * (ironic 反语) So he thinks I'm going to apologize? How very droll! 他还以为我要去道歉? 真滑稽! 派生： drollery[-Eri; -Eri] n [C, U] (remark, etc showing) quaint humour 稀奇古怪的幽默（言语等）.

dromedary
[5drCmEdEri; - -Ederi; 5dramE7deri] n animal of the camel family with only one hump 单峰骆驼. =>illus at camel 见camel之插图.

drone
1[drEun; dron] n 1 male honey-bee 雄蜂. Cf 参看 worker 3. 2 (Brit derog 贬) person who does no useful work and lives on others 不务正业而依赖他人为生者.

drool
[dru:l; drul] v 1 [I] let saliva flow from the mouth; dribble 流口水; 流涎. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (over sb/sth) (derog 贬) show in a ridiculous way how much one enjoys or admires sb/sth 对某人[某事物]流露出痴迷的神情: * drooling over a photo of a pop star 痴痴地望着流行曲歌星的照片.

droop
[dru:p; drup] v [I, Ipr, Ip] bend or hang downwards through tiredness or weakness （因疲倦或衰弱）弯曲或下垂; 发蔫: * flowers drooping for lack of water 因缺水而发蔫的花 * Her head drooped sadly. 她悲伤地低着头. * (fig 比喻) His spirits drooped at the news, ie He became sad. 那消息使他情绪低落. > droopy adj (-ier, -iest).

drop
1[drCp; drap] n 1 [C] small rounded or pear-shaped mass of liquid （液体的）珠, 滴: * `rain-drops, `tear-drops, etc 雨滴、 泪珠 * drops of rain, dew, sweat, condensation, etc 雨滴、 露珠、 汗珠、 冷凝水珠 * Pour the oil in drops into the mixture. 将油滴入混合物.2 drops [pl] liquid medicine poured a drop at a time into the ears, eyes or nose 滴剂: * comfort drops, eg used to make contact lenses easier to wear 润滑剂（如用以使隐形镜片容易配戴的）. 3 [C esp sing 尤作单数] small quantity of liquid 少量的液体; 点滴: * I like my tea with just a drop of milk. 我喜欢茶里加一点点牛奶. * (fig 比喻) He's had a drop too much, ie He is drunk. 他喝醉了. 4 [C] thing shaped like a drop, esp a sweet or a hanging ornament 滴状物; （尤指）糖果, 坠子饰物. 5 [sing] steep or vertical distance 倾斜的或垂直的距离: * There was a sheer drop of five hundred feet to the rocks below. 至暗礁的垂直距离有五百英尺. 6 [sing] (fig 比喻) decrease 下降: * a drop in prices, temperatures, etc 物价、 温度等下降 * a big drop in the number of people out of work 失业人数大幅下降. 7 [C] act of dropping; thing that drops or is dropped 空投; 空投物: * Drops of supplies are being made to villages still cut off by the snow. 目前正向大雪隔绝的村庄空投生活用品. 8 (idm 习语) at the ,drop of a `hat without delay, hesitation or good reason 不拖延地; 不迟疑地; 无缘无故地: * You can't expect me to move my home at the drop of a hat. 你别指望我说搬家就搬家. (only) a ,drop in the `bucket/`ocean a quantity too small to make any improvement 沧海一粟; 杯水车薪: * Aid to the Third World is at present little more than a drop in the ocean. 目前对第叁世界的援助不过是杯水车薪. 派生： droplet[5drCplit; 5draplit] n small drop 小滴. 复合： `drop-goal n (in Rugby football) goal scored with a drop-kick （橄榄球）以反弹踢法射中球门.

drop1
`drop-hammer, `drop-forge, `drop-press ns machine for shaping or stamping metal, using the force of a dropped weight 模锻压力机; 落锤. `drop-kick n (in Rugby football) kick made as the ball bounces after being dropped to the ground （橄榄球）落地踢, 反弹踢. v [I, Tn].

dropsy
[5drCpsi; 5drapsi] n [U] disease in which watery fluid collects in the body 水肿; 浮肿. > dropsical/ 5drCpsIkl; `drBpsIkl/ adj.

dross
[drCs; - drC:s; drCs] n [U] (a) scum of waste matter on melted metals 浮渣（浮在熔化的金属上的废物）. (b) (fig 比喻) least valuable, attractive, etc part of sth 无价值、 无吸引力之处: * The best players go off to the big clubs, leaving us the dross. 最好的队员都投奔大俱乐部去了, 就只给我们剩下些不中用的人.

drought
[draut; draut] n [C, U] (period of) continuous dry weather, esp when there is not enough water for people's needs 乾旱（时期）: * areas of Africa affected by drought 遭受旱灾的非洲地区.

drove
1 pt of drive1.

drown
[draun; draun] v 1 (a) [I, Ipr] die in water (or other liquid) because one is unable to breathe 淹死; 溺死: * a drowning man 快要淹死的人. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] kill (a person or animal) in this way 溺死（人或动物）: * drown a kitten 溺死小猫. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in sth) flood or drench sth 淹没或浸透某物: * a drowned valley 淹没的山谷 * He drowned his meal in gravy. 他把饭菜泡在肉汁里. 3 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sb/sth (out) (of a sound) be louder than (another sound) and prevent it being heard （指一声音）淹没（另一声音）: * She turned up the radio to drown (out) the noise of the traffic. 她放大收音机的音量以压过来往车辆的嘈杂声. 4 (idm 习语) drown one's `sorrows (in drink) (esp joc 尤作戏谑语) get drunk in order to forget one's troubles 藉酒浇愁. (look) like a drowned `rat soaking wet and miserable 湿得像落汤鸡.

drowse
[drauz; drauz] v 1 [I] be half asleep 假寐; 半醒半睡; 打瞌睡. 2 (phr v) drowse sth away spend (time) half asleep 半醒半睡地度过（时间）: * drowse away a hot afternoon 打着瞌睡度过炎热的下午. 派生： drowse n [sing] state of being drowsy 假寐; 瞌睡: in a drowse 在打瞌睡.

drowsy
[5drauzi; 5drauzi] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 half asleep; feeling sleepy 半醒半睡的; 昏昏欲睡的; 困: * I'd just woken up and was still drowsy. 我刚醒, 还觉得困. * This drug can make you drowsy. 这种药会使你昏昏欲睡. 2 making one feel sleepy 使人发困的; 使人昏昏欲睡的: * drowsy summer weather 使人困倦的夏季天气. > drowsily[-Eli; -ili] adv: * murmur sth drowsily 半醒半睡地低声述说某事. drowsiness n [U].

drubbing
[5drQbiN; 5drQbiN] n (idm 习语) give sb/get a good `drubbing (a) beat sb/be beaten soundly 痛打某人[遭到痛打]. (b) (fig 比喻) defeat sb/be defeated thoroughly 彻底打败某人[遭到惨败].

drudge
[drQdV; drQdV] n person who has to do long hard boring jobs 长时间做繁重、 乏味工作的人. 派生： drudge v [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (away) (at sth) do jobs of that kind 长时间做繁重、 乏味的工作. drudgery[-Eri; -Eri] n [U] hard boring work 繁重、 乏味的工作: * the endless drudgery of housework 无尽无休的、 单调乏味的家务 * soulless drudgery 无聊的繁重工作.

drug
[drQg; drQg] n 1 substance used as or in a medicine 药物; 药剂; 药材: * a pain-killing drug 止痛药 * The doctor has put me on drugs, ie prescribed them for me. 医生给我开了药. 2 substance that affects the nervous system, esp one that is habit-forming, eg cocaine or heroin 影响神经系统的（尤指成瘾性的）物质（如古柯硷或海洛因）; 麻醉药; 毒品: * take/use/be on drugs 吸毒 * peddle/push drugs 贩毒. 3 (idm 习语) a drug on the `market thing that cannot be sold because no one wants it 滞销品; 滞销货. 派生： drug v (-gg-) [Tn] 1 add a drug(2) to (food or drink) （在食物或饮料中）投放麻醉药, 下麻醉药. 2 give a drug(1, 2) to (sb), esp to make him unconscious 给某人使用麻醉药: in a drugged stupor 被药麻醉而不省人事. 复合： `drug addict person who cannot stop taking harmful drugs (drug 2) 有毒瘾者; 吸毒者. `drug addiction. `drug dealer, `drug pusher person who sells drugs (drug 2) illegally 贩毒者; 毒品贩子.

drugget
[5drQgit; 5drQgit] n [C, U] (floor-covering made of) coarse woven fabric 粗线织物（制的地毯）.

druggist
[5drQgist; 5drQgist] n (esp US) = chemist1.

drugstore
[5drQgstC:(r); 5drQg7stCr] n (US) chemist's shop which also sells many kinds of goods and often serves light meals （兼营杂货及便餐的）药房, 杂货店.

Druid
[5dru:id; 5druid] n priest of an ancient Celtic religion 德鲁伊特（古代克尔特人中的祭司）.

drum
1[drQm; drQm] n 1 (music 音) instrument consisting of a hollow round frame with plastic or skin stretched tightly across the open end(s) which is struck with sticks or the hands 鼓: * play the drum(s) in a band 在乐队中打鼓. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xi. 2 thing shaped like this instrument, eg a barrel for oil, a hollow cylinder on which wire is wound, or the container for clothes in a washing-machine or clothes drier 鼓状物（如桶、 筒）. =>illus at barrel 见barrel之插图. 3 = ear-drum (ear). 4 (idm 习语) beat the drum => beat1. 复合： `drumbeat n (sound of a) stroke on a drum 鼓的一击（声）. `drum brake brake in which curved pads press against the inner cylindrical part of a vehicle's wheel 鼓式制动器. Cf 参看 disc brake (disc). `drumhead part of the drum that is hit 鼓面. ,drumhead court-`martial trial held during a military operation 战地军法审判. `drum-kit n set of drums used in a band, etc 乐队等使用的成套的鼓. ,drum `major 1 sergeant who leads a military band when it plays on parade （军乐队在行进中演奏的）指挥. 2 (US) male leader of a marching band （行进乐队的）男领队. ,drum majo`rette/meidVE'ret; 7medVE'ret] (esp US) girl wearing a fancy costume who leads a marching band （乐队行进中着鲜艳服装的）女领队. `drumstick n 1 stick for playing a drum 鼓槌. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xi. 2 lower part of the leg of a cooked chicken, turkey, etc （熟的）鸡、 火鸡等的腿（状似鼓槌部分）.

drunk
[drQNk; drQNk] adj 1 [usu pred 通常作表语] excited or confused by alcoholic drink 醉: * be blind/dead (ie completely) drunk 烂醉 * They've put vodka in her fruit juice to get her drunk. 他们把伏特加酒倒入她的果汁中, 把她灌醉. * get drunk on cider 喝苹果酒而醉倒. 2 [pred 作表语] ~ with sth behaving in a strange, often unpleasant, way (because of the excitement of sth) 陶醉; 飘飘然; 忘乎所以: * drunk with power, success, etc 为权势、 成功等而飘飘然. 3 (idm 习语) ,drunk and `disorderly (law 律); ,drunk and in`capable behaving in an unpleasant, uncontrolled way while drunk 酒後失仪; 耍酒疯. (as) ,drunk as a `lord very drunk 酩酊大醉. 派生： drunk n person who is drunk 醉酒者; 醉鬼. drunkard[-Ed; -ld] n (fml 文) person who often gets drunk; alcoholic 酒鬼; 酒徒. 复合： drun`kometer n (US) = breathalyser.

drunken
[5drQNkEn; 5drQNkEn] adj [attrib 作定语] 1 drunk 醉的: * a drunken reveller 喝醉的狂欢者. 2 who gets drunk regularly 常醉的: * her drunken boss, husband, etc 她那经常醉醺醺的老板、 丈夫等. 3 caused by or showing the effects of drink 因饮酒而引起的; 显出酒力的: * a drunken argument, fury, stupor, sleep 酒後的争吵、 狂暴、 昏迷、 沉睡 * drunken laughter, voices, singing 酒後的大笑、 胡言乱语、 歌声. > drunkenly adv: * stagger about drunkenly 醉酒後步履蹒跚. drunkenness n [U].

drupe
[dru:p; drup] n (botany 植) fruit with juicy flesh surrounding a hard stone with a seed, eg an olive or a peach 核果（如橄榄、 桃子）.

dry
1[drai; drai] adj (drier, driest) 1 not (or no longer) wet, damp or sticky; without moisture 乾的; 乾燥的: * Is the washing dry yet? 洗的衣服乾了吗? * Don't use this door until the paint is dry. 油漆未乾, 别走这个门. * This pastry is too dry add some water. 做点心的面太乾--加点儿水吧. 2 with little rainfall 少雨的; 乾旱的: * a dry spell, climate, country 乾旱期、 乾燥的气候、 乾旱的国家 * I hope it stays dry for our picnic. 我盼着别下雨, 我们好去野餐. 3 not supplying liquid 不提供液体的; 乾涸的: * The wells ran dry. 井都乾了. * The cows are dry, ie not producing milk. 那些母牛不产奶. 4 without liquid 无液体的: * a dry cough, ie without phlegm 乾咳（无痰） * My throat feels dry. 我嗓子发乾. * a dry shampoo, ie in powder form 乾洗发剂（粉状）. 5 (of a country or region) where it is illegal to buy or sell alcoholic drink （指某国家或地区）禁酒的: * Some parts of Wales are dry on Sundays. 威尔士的一些地区星期日禁酒. 6 (infml 口) (making one) thirsty （令人）口渴的: * I'm a bit dry. 我有点儿渴. * dry work 令人口渴的工作. 7 [attrib 作定语] without butter 无黄油的: * dry bread, toast, etc 无黄油的面包、 烤面包片等. 8 (of wines, etc) not sweet or fruity （指酒等）乾的（无甜味的或无水果味的）: * a crisp dry white wine 清新可口的乾白葡萄酒 * a dry sherry 乾雪利酒. 9 plain; without anything pleasant or interesting 平淡的; 枯燥的; 无趣味的; 乾巴巴的: * They offered no apology, just a dry explanation for the delay. 他们没有为延误道歉, 只做了个乾巴巴的解释. 10 (of humour) pretending to be serious （指幽默）装成正经的: * a dry wit 假装正经的诙谐. 11 unemotional; cold 不动感情的; 冷淡的: * a dry manner, greeting, tone of voice 冷淡的态度、 招呼、 声调. 12 dull; boring 枯燥的; 乏味的: * Government reports tend to make rather dry reading. 政府的报告往往读来枯燥无味.

dry1
13 (idm 习语) boil dry => boil2. (as) ,dry as a `bone completely dry 完全乾燥的. (as) ,dry as `dust very boring 非常乏味的. high and dry => high. home and dry => home3. keep one's powder dry => powder. milk/suck sb/sth dry obtain from sb all the money, help, information, etc he has to give 竭力从某人处获取其所有的金钱、 帮助、 消息等; 榨取. not a dry eye in the house (joc 谑) everybody in the audience was crying or deeply affected 观众都在哭或深受感动. > dryly (also drily)[ 5draIlI; `draIlI/ adv: * `They're not likely to give you money,’ he remarked dryly. ‘他们不大可能给你钱,’他冷淡地说. dryness n [U]. 复合： ,dry `battery electric battery with two or more dry cells 乾电池组. ,dry `cell cell in which the chemicals are in a firm paste which does not spill 乾电池. ,dry-`clean v [Tn] clean (clothes, etc) without water, using a solvent which evaporates quickly 乾洗（衣服等）. ,dry-`cleaner n: The blankets are at the dry-cleaner's. 毛毯都在乾洗店里. ,dry-`cleaning n [U]. ,dry `dock dock from which water may be pumped out for work on a ship's bottom 乾船坞: a ship in dry dock for repairs 在乾船坞里待修的船. ,dry `goods 1 grain, fruit, etc 乾（谷类、 水果等）货物. 2 (esp US) clothing, textiles, etc (as opposed to groceries) 服装、纺织品等（与食品杂货相对）. ,dry `ice solid carbon dioxide (used for refrigerating, theatrical effects, etc) 乾冰（固态的二氧化碳, 用於冷却、 舞台效果等）. ,dry `land land as distinct from sea, etc 陆地（区别於海洋等）: I'm no sailor and I couldn't wait to reach dry land. 我晕船, 恨不得立刻上岸. ,dry `measure measure of capacity for dry goods 乾量（对乾货物的计量单位）. `dry-nurse n nurse who does not suckle the baby she is caring for （不喂奶的）保姆. ,dry `rot 1 decay of wood, causing it to turn to powder （木材的）乾腐（使其成为粉末）.

dry2
2 fungi that cause this 使木材乾腐的真菌. 3 (fig 比喻) force that gradually spoils eg an organization or moral standards but which is not easily noticed at first （初时不易发现的）逐渐腐蚀（组织、 道德标准等）的力量. ,dry `run (infml 口) rehearsal or practice, eg for a ceremony or procedure 演习, 排练（如为典礼或礼仪）: Let's do/have a dry run. 我们来排练一下. `dry-shod adj, adv without getting one's feet or shoes wet 未弄湿脚或鞋（的）: go ashore dry-shod 上岸而未湿鞋. `drystone adj (of a stone wall) built without mortar （指石墙）无浆砌成的. ,dry-`walling n [U] building of drystone walls 无浆墙 成的建 物.

DSc
[7di: es 'si:; 7di es 'si] abbr 缩写 = Doctor of Science: * have/be a DSc in Physics 有物理学博士学位[为物理学博士] * Philip Jones DSc 菲利普．琼斯理学博士.

DSO
[7di: es 'Eu; 7di es 'o] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) (Companion of the) Distinguished Service Order 特殊功劳勋章（的勋位）: * be awarded the DSO for bravery 因勇敢荣获特殊功劳勋章.

DT
[7di: 'ti:; 7di 'ti] (also DTs[7di: * 'ti:z; 7di 'tiz] ) abbr 缩写 = (infml 口) trembling delirium (Latin delirium tremens) 震颤性谵妄（源自拉丁文delirium tremens）: * have (an attack of) the DTs 患震颤性谵妄.

dual
[5dju:El; - 'du:El; 5duEl] adj [attrib 作定语] having two parts or aspects; double 两部分的; 二体的; 二重的; 双的: * his dual role as composer and conductor 他兼作曲家及指挥的双重身分 * She has dual nationality, ie is a citizen of two different countries. 她兼有双重国籍. > duality/dju:'lEti; - du:-; du'AlEti] [U] n. 复合： ,dual `carriageway (Brit) (US divided highway) road with a central strip dividing streams of traffic moving in opposite directions 双线车道. ,dual-con`trol adj (having) two linked sets of controls, allowing operation by either of two people 双重控制的, 复式操纵的（两人中任何一人皆可操纵）: [attrib 作定语] a ,dual-control `car, ie one used for driving lessons, in which the instructor can operate the clutch and brakes 双控汽车（用以教授驾驶技术, 教师在车上可操纵离合器和刹车）. ,dual-`purpose adj serving two purposes 双重目的的; 两用的.

dub
[dQb; dQb] v (-bb-) 1 [Cn.n] make (a man) a knight by touching him on the shoulder with a sword 以剑触（某人）肩以封之为爵士. 2 [Cn.n] give (sb) a nickname 给（某人）起绰号; 起外号: * The papers dubbed them `The Fab Four'. 报刊给他们起了个绰号叫‘四绝’. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (into sth) create, add to or replace the soundtrack of (a film), esp in a different language 为（影片）配音（尤指用不同的语言）: * a dubbed version 配音片 * a German film dubbed into English 用英语配音的德国影片.

dubbin
[5dQbin; 5dQbin] n [U] thick grease for making leather soft and waterproof （皮革用）软化防水油. 派生： dubbin v [Tn] treat (esp boots) with dubbin 用软化防水油涂擦（尤指皮靴）.

dubiety
[dju:'baiEti; - du:-; du'baiEti] n (fml 文) 1 [U] feeling of doubt 怀疑; 疑惑. 2 [C] matter on which one is uncertain 不肯定的事.

dubious
[5dju:biEs; - 'du:-; 5dubiEs] adj 1 [esp pred 尤作表语] ~ (about sth/doing sth) not certain and slightly suspicious about sth; doubtful 半信半疑; 可疑: * I remain dubious about her motives. 我对她的动机仍存疑念. 2 (derog 贬) possibly or probably dishonest, disreputable or risky 不大可靠的; 名声不大好的; 冒风险的: * a rather dubious character 名声不太好的人 * a dubious business venture 冒险的商业投机 * His background is a trifle dubious, to say the least. 起码可以说, 他的背景不大可靠. 3 uncertain in result; in doubt 结果未定的; 不能确定的: * The results of this policy will remain dubious for some time. 这项政策的效果短期内难以确定. 4 (esp ironic 尤作反语) of which the value is doubtful; questionable 价值可疑的; 有问题的; 有争议的: * a dubious compliment, ie a disguised insult 明褒实贬的恭维 * She had the dubious honour of being the last woman to be hanged in England. 她是英国最後一个受绞刑的女子, 这也算是有此殊荣吧. > dubiously adv. dubiousness n [U].

ducal
[5dju:kl; - 'du:kl; 5dukl] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of or like a duke 公爵的; 似公爵的.

duchess
[5dQtFis; 5dQtFis] n (in titles 称谓中作 Duchess) 1 wife or widow of a duke 公爵夫人; 公爵遗孀. 2 woman who holds ducal rank in her own right 女公爵.

duchy
[5dQtFi; 5dQtFi] (also dukedom[5dju:kdEm; - 'du:k-; 5dukdEm] ) n territory of a duke or duchess 公爵的领地.

duck
1[dQk; dQk] n (pl unchanged or ~s 复数或不变或作ducks) 1 (a) [C] any of various types of common water-bird, domestic and wild 鸭; 野鸭: * ducks waddling about the yard 在院子里一摇一摆走着的鸭子. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page v. (b) [C] female of this 雌鸭. Cf 参看 drake. (c) [U] its flesh as food （食用的）鸭肉: * roast duck 烤鸭. 2 [C usu sing 通常作单数] (also ducky, ducks) (Brit infml 口) (as a form of address) dear （作称呼）亲爱的, 宝贝儿. 3 [C] (in cricket) batsman's score of nought （板球）零分: * make a/be out for a duck 得零分而出局 * break one's duck, ie score one's first run 首次得分. 4 (idm 习语) a dead duck => dead. a lame duck => lame. (take to sth) like a ,duck to `water without hesitation, fear or difficulty; naturally 像鸭子下水般; 不犹豫地; 不惧怕地; 无困难地; 自然地: * She's taken to teaching like a duck to water. 她教起书来就像鸭子下水般轻而易举. water off a duck's back => water. a sitting duck => sit. 派生： duckling[-liN; -liN] n 1 (a) [C] young duck 雏鸭; 小鸭. (b) [U] its flesh as food （食用的）小鸭肉. 2 (idm 习语) an ugly duckling => ugly. 复合： `duck-boards n [pl] boards used to spread one's weight when moving over muddy ground, a weak roof, etc （铺於泥泞地面、 不牢的屋顶...上的）木板（用以分散人体重量）. ,ducks and `drakes 1 children's game in which flat stones are bounced across the surface of the water 打水漂游戏. 2 (idm 习语) play ducks and `drakes with sth spend (esp one's money) in a careless wasteful way 浪费; （尤指）挥霍. `duckweed n [U] plant that forms on the surface of ponds, etc 浮萍（生在池塘等表面的植物）.

duct
[dQkt; dQkt] n 1 tube or channel carrying liquid, gas, electric or telephone wires, etc; (esp in an air-conditioning system) tube through which air passes （液体、 气体、 电线或电话线等通过的）管道, 槽; （尤指空调系统中的）输气管: * One of the air-ducts has become blocked. 有一条输气管堵塞了. 2 tube in the body or in plants through which fluid, etc passes 人体中或植物中液体等经过的管: * `tear-ducts 泪管. 复合： ,ductless `gland gland from which hormones, etc pass directly into the bloodstream, not through a duct 无管腺; 内分泌腺.

ductile
[dQktail; - -tl; 5dQktl] adj 1 (of metals) that can be pressed, beaten or pulled into fine strands without being heated （指金属）（不经加热）可锻的, 可延展的, 可拉成细丝的, 有韧性的. 2 (fig fml 比喻, 文) (of a person) easily led or influenced （指人）顺从的, 易受影响的. > ductility/dQk'tilEti; dQk'tilEti] n [U].

dud
[dQd; dQd] n (infml 口) thing or person that fails to work properly 无用的物或人; 废物: * Two of the fireworks in the box were duds. 盒子里的烟火有两个是坏的. * The new manager is a complete dud. 新经理完全是个废物. * This battery is a dud. 这电池是废的. 派生： dud adj defective; worthless 有缺点的; 不完善的; 无价值的; 无用的 * a dud cheque, ie one that is forged or not backed by cash 无用的支票（假支票或空头支票）.

dude
[dju:d; - du:d; dud] n (US) 1 city person, esp sb spending a holiday on a ranch 城里人（尤指在农场度假者）: * [attrib 作定语] a dude ranch, ie one used as a holiday centre 度假农场. 2 dandy 纨 子弟; 花花公子. 3 (sl 俚) man 男人: * Who's that dude over there? 那边的那个男的是谁?

dudgeon
[5dQdVEn; 5dQdVEn] n (idm 习语) in ,high `dudgeon angry, offended or resentful 恼怒; 愤怒; 忿恨: * He stormed out of the meeting in high dudgeon. 他盛怒之下冲出会场.

due
1[dju:; - du:; du] adj 1 [pred 作表语] (a) ~ (to sb) owed as a debt or an obligation 应支付; 应给予; 欠下: * Have they been paid the money due to them? 他们是否已得到了应得的钱? * I'm still due fifteen days' holiday. 我还应有十五天假期. (b) ~ for sth owed sth; deserving sth 应有; 应得到: * She's due for promotion soon. 她不久就要晋升了. 2 [pred 作表语] requiring immediate payment 须立即支付; 到期: * fall/become due 到期 * My rent isn't due till Wednesday. 我的租金星期叁才到期. 3 [pred 作表语] ~ (to do sth) scheduled; arranged; expected 预定; 约定; 预期: * His book is due to be published in October. 他的书预定十月份出版. * The train is due (in) (ie scheduled to arrive) in five minutes. 火车预定在5分钟後到达. 4 [attrib 作定语] suitable; right; proper 适当的; 正当的; 适宜的: * after due consideration 经适当考虑之後 * With all due respect, I disagree completely. 不揣冒昧, 实不敢苟同. 5 ~ to sth/sb caused by sb/sth; because of sb/sth 由某人[某事物]引起的; 由於某人[某事物]: * The team's success was largely due to her efforts. 该队的成功在很大程度上是由於她的努力. 6 (idm 习语)in ,due `course at the appropriate time; eventually 在适当时机; 最终: * Your request will be dealt with in due course. 你的要求将在适当时机予以处理. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: 1 Some speakers are careful to use due to only after the verb be 有些说英语的人用due to一词很谨慎, 仅将之用於动词之後: His lateness was due to the very heavy traffic on the motorway. 他迟到是因高速公路上车辆过多所致. But it is also generally considered acceptable today as a synonym for owing to, which is used differently 但目前普遍认为可将due to看作是owing to的同义词, 而owing to的用法与之有别: He was late owing to/due to the very heavy traffic. 他迟到是因为交通拥挤. * Due to/Owing to the heavy traffic, he was late. 因交通拥挤, 他迟到了.

due1
2 Due to can be used immediately after a noun *due to可直接用於名词之後: Accidents due to driving at high speed were very common that weekend. 在那个周末因高速驾驶造成的交通事故很多.

duel
[5dju:El; - 'du:El; 5duEl] n 1 (formerly) formal fight between two men, using swords or pistols, esp to settle a point of honour （旧时）两男子的决斗（用剑或手枪, 尤指关系到名誉问题）: * challenge sb to a duel 向某人挑战进行决斗. 2 (fig 比喻) contest or struggle between two people, groups, etc （双方的）竞争, 斗争: * engage in a duel of words/wits 双方斗嘴[斗智]. 派生： duel v (-ll-; US also -l-) [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb) fight a duel 决斗: duelling pistols, ie pistols used in a duel 用於决斗的手枪. duellist[5dju:Elist; 5djuElist] (US duelist[5du:Elist; 5duElist] ) n person fighting a duel 决斗者.

duenna
[dju:'enE; - du:'enE; du'enE] n (esp in Spain and Portugal) elderly woman acting as governess and chaperon to the daughters of a family （尤指在西班牙和葡萄牙）（家庭里女孩子的）保姆, 陪媪.

duet
[dju:'et; - du:'et; du'et] (also duo) n piece of music for two players or singers 二重奏曲; 二重唱曲: * a duet for violin and piano 小提琴和钢琴的二重奏曲 * We sang a duet. 我们唱了一曲二重唱.

duff
[dQf; dQf] adj (Brit sl 俚) worthless or useless 无价值的; 无用的. 派生： duff v (Brit sl 俚) 1 [Tn] mishit (sth), esp in golf; bungle 未击中（某物）（尤指高尔夫球）; 弄糟（某事）: He duffed his drive off the first tee. 他开球第一 就未击中. 2 (phr v) duff sb up punch or kick sb severely 狠打或狠踢某人.

duffer
[5dQfE(r); 5dQfl] n (dated infml 旧, 口) stupid or incompetent person 笨蛋; 无能的人: * I was always a bit of a duffer at maths. 我在数学方面总是有点笨.

duffle
(also duffel)[5dQfl; 5dQfl] n [U] heavy woollen cloth with a soft surface 表面起绒的厚呢料. 复合： `duffle bag long tube-shaped canvas bag closed by a draw-string （抽口的长筒状）帆布包, 行李袋. `duffle-coat n coat made of duffle, usu with a hood, fastened with toggles 厚呢料制的外衣（通常有兜帽, 以套索扣紧）.

dug
1 pt, pp of dig1.

duke
[dju:k; - du:k; duk] n (in titles 称谓中作 Duke) (fem 阴性作 duchess[5dQtFis; 5dQtFis] ) 1 (title of a) nobleman of the highest rank 公爵（的称号）: * the Duke and Duchess of Gloucester 格洛斯特公爵及公爵夫人. 2 (in some parts of Europe, esp formerly) male ruler of a small independent state （欧洲某些地区, 尤指旧时）（独立的小国或公国的）君主. 派生： dukedom n 1 position or rank of a duke 公爵的爵位; 君主的地位. 2 = duchy.

dulcet
[5dQlsit; 5dQlsit] adj [attrib 作定语] (fml or joc 文或谑) sounding sweet; pleasing to the ear 动听的; 悦耳的: * (ironic 反语) I thought I recognized your dulcet tones, ie the sound of your voice. 我想我听出了你那美妙的嗓音.

dulcimer
[5dQlsimE(r); 5dQlsEml] n musical instrument played by striking metal strings with two hammers 扬琴; 洋琴.

dull
[dQl; dQl] adj (-er, -est) 1 not bright or clear 不鲜 明的; 不清楚的: * a dull colour, glow, thud 暗淡的颜色、 昏暗的光、 沉闷的响声 * dull (ie cloudy) weather 阴沉的天气 * dull of hearing, ie slightly deaf 听力不佳. 2 slow in understanding; stupid 迟钝的; 呆笨的: * a dull pupil, class, mind 迟钝的学生、 一班学生、 头脑. 3 lacking interest or excitement; boring; monotonous 枯燥无味的; 令人厌烦的; 单调的: * The conference was deadly dull. 会议开得死气沉沉的. 4 not sharp 不锋利的; 钝的: * a dull knife 钝刀. 5 (of pain) not felt sharply （指疼痛）感觉不明显的, 隐约感觉到的: * a dull ache 隐约的疼痛. 6 (of trade) not busy; slow （指生意）萧条的, 清淡的: * There's always a dull period after the January sales. 在一月份大减价之後市面总要有一段清淡时期. 7 (idm 习语) (as) ,dull as `ditch-water (infml 口) very boring 极沉闷乏味的. 派生： dull v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become dull （使某事物）变钝, 变迟钝: Watching television dulls one's wits. 看电视能使人头脑迟钝. * She took drugs to dull the pain. 她吃了药以减轻疼痛. * (fig 比喻) Time had dulled the edge of his grief. 岁月流逝冲淡了他的忧伤. dullness n [U]. dully adj.

dullard
[5dQlEd; 5dQlld] n person who thinks slowly; stupid person 头脑迟钝的人; 笨人.

duly
[5dju:li; - 'du:li; 5duli] adv 1 in a due, correct or proper manner （方式）正当地, 正确地, 适当地: * The president was duly elected. 总统已正式选出. 2 at the due and proper time; punctually 按时地; 适时地; 准时地: * I duly knocked on his door at three o'clock. 我准时在叁点钟敲了他的门.

dumb
[dQm; dQm] adj (-er, -est) 1 unable to speak 哑的: * She's been dumb from birth. 她生来即哑. * our dumb friends, ie animals 我们的不能言语的朋友（即动物） * (fig 比喻) be struck dumb (ie left speechless) with horror, fear, amazement, etc 因恐怖、 恐惧、 惊愕等而说不出话来. 2 [usu pred 通常作表语] temporarily silent; refusing to speak 暂时沉默; 拒绝说话: * They begged him to explain, but he remained dumb. 他们请求他解释, 但他保持沉默不语. 3 (infml 口) stupid 愚蠢的: * That was a pretty dumb thing to do. 那件事干得可真蠢. * If the police question you, act dumb, ie pretend you don't know anything. 警方要是盘问你, 就装作什麽也不知道. 派生： dumbly adv. dumbness n [U]. 复合： `dumb show communication using gestures but no words; mime 手语; 哑语; 哑剧. ,dumb `waiter (a) (US lazy Susan) stand with shelves for holding food ready to be served 食品台; 食品架. (b) small lift for carrying food, etc from one floor to another, esp in a restaurant 小型升降机（尤指饭店中传送食物者）.

dumbfound
(also dumfound)[dQm'faund; dQm'faund] v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] make (sb) speechless with surprise; astonish 使（某人）受惊而说不出话; 使（某人）惊讶: * We were completely dumbfounded by her rudeness. 她粗鲁无礼, 把我们吓呆了.

dumdum
[5dQmdQm; 5dQmdQm] n (also dumdum bullet) soft-nosed bullet that expands on impact, causing a gaping wound 达姆弹.

dummy
[5dQmi; 5dQmi] n 1 [C] model of the human figure, used for displaying or fitting clothes, etc （用於展示或试穿服装等的）人体模型: * a tailor's dummy 服装店的人体模型. 2 [C] thing that appears to be real but is only an imitation 仿制品: * The bottles of whisky on display are all dummies. 陈列的威士忌酒都是假的. 3 [C] (esp Brit) (US comforter, pacifier) rubber teat, not attached to a bottle, for a baby to suck （不装在瓶子上的）橡皮奶头. 4 [sing] (a) (in card-games, esp bridge) player whose cards are placed facing upwards on the table and played by his partner （纸牌游戏, 尤指桥牌）明手, 梦家（将牌摊出者）. (b) these cards 明手、 梦家摊出之牌: * She played a jack from dummy. 她从明手摊出的牌中打出一张J. 5 [C] (US infml 口) stupid person 笨蛋; 蠢货. 复合： ,dummy `run trial or practice attack, performance, etc 攻击、 表演等的试验或演习.

dump
[dQmp; dQmp] v [Tn, Tn.pr] 1 put (sth unwanted) in a place and leave as rubbish 丢弃（不需要的某物）; 倾倒（垃圾）: * Some people just dump their rubbish in the river. 有些人径直往河里倒垃圾. * Sealed containers of nuclear waste have been dumped in the sea. 盛有核废料的密封容器被丢在海里. 2 put (sth) down carelessly, heavily or in a mass 将（某物）粗心地或猛力地放下或放成一堆: * dump a load of gravel, a pile of newspapers, a bundle of dirty clothes 倾倒一车碎石、 扔下一堆报纸、 放下一包脏衣服 * Just dump everything over there I'll sort it out later. 先把东西都堆在那边--我等会儿再整理. 3 (infml often derog 口, 常作贬义) leave or abandon (sb) 丢下或抛弃（某人）: * She dumped the kids at her mother's and went to the theatre. 她把孩子放在娘家就看戏去了. * He's dumped his wife and gone off with one of his students. 他丢下妻子, 跟自己的一个学生跑了. 4 (derog commerce 贬, 商) sell abroad at a very low price (goods that are not wanted in the home market) 向国外廉价倾销（国内市场不需要的货物）. 5 (computing 计) transfer (data, etc) from one part of a system to another or from one storage system to another 转储（数据等）. 6 (idm 习语) drop/dump sth in sb's lap => lap1. 派生： dump n 1 place where rubbish may be unloaded and left; rubbish-heap 垃圾场; 垃圾堆. Cf 参看 tip2 n. 2 temporary store of military supplies 军需品的临时存放处: an ammu`nition dump 军火临时存放处. 3 (infml derog 口, 贬) dirty or unattractive place 肮脏的或讨厌的地方: How can you live in this dump? 你怎麽住在这个破地方? dumper n (also `dumper truck, US `dumptruck) small vehicle, used on building sites, etc, with a container that can be tilted to dump its contents （建 工地上使用的, 有翻斗的）小型自卸载重车.

dumpling
[5dQmpliN; 5dQmpliN] n 1 small ball of dough steamed or boiled, eg in a stew 蒸的或煮的小面团; 汤团; 团子. 2 baked pudding made of dough filled with fruit （将水果放在面团中烘制而成的）水果布丁: * an apple dumpling 苹果布丁. 3 (infml 口) short plump person 矮胖的人; 胖墩子.

dumpy
[5dQmpi; 5dQmpi] adj (-ier, -iest) (esp of a person) short and fat （尤指人）矮胖的. > dumpiness n [U].

dun
1[dQn; dQn] adj, n (of a) dull greyish-brown colour 暗褐色的; 暗褐色.

dunce
[dQns; dQns] n person, esp a pupil, who is stupid or slow to learn （在学习上）愚笨的或迟钝的人（尤指学生）. 复合： `dunce's cap pointed paper hat formerly given to dull pupils to wear in class as a punishment （旧时劣等生在课堂上戴的）圆锥形纸帽（以示惩罚）.

dunderhead
[5dQndEhed; 5dQndl7hed] n (derog 贬) stupid person 笨人; 蠢材.

dune
[dju:n; - du:n; dun] (also `sand-dune) n mound of loose dry sand formed by the wind （由於风吹而形成的）沙丘.

dung
[dQN; dQN] n [U] animal excrement, esp when used as manure 动物的粪便; （尤指）粪肥. 复合： `dunghill n heap of dung in a farmyard 粪堆.

dungarees
[7dQNgE'ri:z; 7dQNgE'riz] n [pl] overalls or trousers made of coarse cotton cloth （粗棉布制的）长工作服, 工装裤: * a pair of dungarees 一条工装裤.

dungeon
[5dQndVEn; 5dQndVEn] n underground prison cell, esp in a castle 地牢（尤指城堡中者）.

dunk
[dQNk; dQNk] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth/sb (in/into sth) 1 dip (food) in liquid before eating 将（食物）浸入液体（再吃）: * dunk a biscuit in one's coffee 将饼乾泡入咖啡. 2 submerge (sb/sth) briefly in water 将（某人[某物]）在水中浸一下, 蘸一下: * They dunked her in the swimming-pool as a joke. 他们跟她开玩笑, 把她往游泳池里浸了一下.

duo
[5dju:Eu; - 'du:Eu; 5duo] n (pl ~s) 1 pair of performers 成对的表演者: * a comedy duo 一对喜剧演 员. 2 = duet.

duodecimal
[7dju:Eu'desiml; - 7du:E'desEml; 7duE'desEml] adj based on twelve or twelfths; proceeding by twelves 十二的; 十二分算的; 十二进的: * a duodecimal system 十二进制.

duodenum
[7dju:E'di:nEm; - 7du:E'di:nEm; 7duE'dinEm] n (anatomy 解) first part of the small intestine, immediately below the stomach 十二指肠. =>illus at digestive 见digestive之插图. > duodenal[7dju:E'di:nl; - 7du:E'di:nl; 7duE'dinl] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语]: * a duodenal ulcer 十二指肠溃疡.

duologue
[5dju:ElCg; - 'du:ElC:g; 5duE7lCg] n conversation between two people （二人的）对话.

dupe
[dju:p; - du:p; dup] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (into doing sth) deceive or trick sb (into doing sth) 欺骗或哄骗某人（做某事）. 派生： dupe n person who is duped; fool 受骗的人; 傻子: I won't be his dupe any longer. 我再也不受他的骗了.

duple time
[7dju:pl 'taim; - du:pl; 5dupl 7taim] (music 音) rhythm with two beats in a bar 二拍子.

duplex
[5dju:pleks; - 'du:pleks; 5dupleks] adj having two parts 有两部分的. 派生： duplex n (US) 1 (a) building divided into two dwellings 毗联式建 （分隔成两个住宅者）. (b) either of these dwellings 毗联式建 两个住宅中的一个. 2 (also duplex apartment) apartment on two floors 占两层楼的公寓套房.

duplicate
1[5dju:plikEt; - 'du:plEkEt; 5duplEkEt] adj [attrib 作定语] 1 exactly like something else; identical （与另一物）完全一样的; 完全相同的: * a duplicate set of keys （与另一套）完全相同的一套钥匙. 2 having two identical parts; twofold; double 两部分完全相同的; 双重的; 二倍的: * a duplicate receipt, form, etc 双联式收据、 表格等. 派生： duplicate n 1 one of two or more things that are exactly alike; copy 相似物; 复制品: Is this a duplicate or the original? 这是复制件还是原件? 2 (idm 习语) in duplicate (of documents, etc) as two identical copies （指文件等）一式两份: complete a form, prepare a contract, etc in duplicate 填写表格、 准备合同等一式两份.

duplicity
[dju:'plisEti; - du:'plisEti; du'plisEti] n [U] (fml 文) deliberate deception 欺骗.

durable
[5djuErEbl; - 'duErEbl; 5durEbl] adj lasting for a long time 持久的; 耐久的: * a durable peace, friendship, settlement 持久的和平、 永恒的友谊、 永久的解决 * trousers made of durable material 耐穿的料子制成的裤子 * This varnish provides a durable finish. 这种清漆可作耐久的罩面漆. 派生： durability[7djuErE'bilEti; - 7durE'bilEti; 7durE'bilEti] n [U]. durables n [pl] (also con,sumer `durables) goods expected to last for a long time after they have been bought, eg vacuum cleaners 耐用品（如吸尘器）.

duration
[dju'reiFn; - du'reiFn; du'reFEn] n [U] 1 time during which sth lasts or continues 持续时间; 期间: * of short, long, three years', etc duration 短的、 长的、 持续叁年的一段时间 * for the duration of this government 本届政府执政期间. 2 (idm 习语) for the duration (infml 口) (a) until the end of the war 在战争期间. (b) (fig 比喻) for a very long time 很长的时间: * Well, I'm stuck here for the duration, eg for the whole term. 哎, 这段时间（如整个学期）我只得呆在这里了.

duress
[dju'res; - du'res; 5dures] n [U] threats or force used to make sb do sth; (usu illegal) compulsion 威胁; 逼迫; （通常指非法的）强迫行动: * sign a confession under duress 受威逼在供状上签字.

during
[5djuEriN; - 'dur-; 5duriN] prep 1 throughout (a period of time taken by an action or event) 在...期间: * There are extra trains to the seaside during the summer. 通往海滨的火车在夏季有加车. * During his lifetime his work was never published. 他的作品在他的有生之年从未出版过. * He stopped for applause three times during his speech. 他在讲话过程中曾停下叁次等待掌声落下. 2 within (a specified period of time) 在（某段时间）内: * They only met twice during the whole time they were neighbours. 他们在毗邻而居期间只见过两次面. * There will be two intervals during the performance. 演出期间将有两次休息. 3 at a particular time while (sth) progresses 在（某事）进行过程中的某一时间: * The phone rang during the meal. 吃饭时电话铃响了. * There was a bomb scare during the procession. 在列队行进时因怀疑有炸弹而引起恐慌. * Her husband was taken to hospital during the night. 她丈夫在夜间被送进医院.

dusk
[dQsk; dQsk] n [U] time after twilight and before night 黄昏; 傍晚: * The street lights come on at dusk and go off at dawn. 路灯在黄昏时开, 拂晓时关.

dusky
[5dQski; 5dQski] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 shadowy; dim 昏暗的; 黑暗的; 暗淡的; 朦胧的: * the dusky light inside the cave 山洞内昏暗的光线. 2 (a) dark-coloured 颜色深的; 颜色暗的: * dusky blue, red, etc 深蓝、 深红. (b) (often offensive 常作轻蔑语) dark-skinned 皮肤黑的; 肤色深的: * a dusky maiden 皮肤黑的少女 * dusky tribes 肤色深的种族. > duskiness n [U].

dust
1[dQst; dQst] n [U] 1 fine dry powder consisting of particles of earth, dirt, etc 灰尘; 尘土; 尘埃: * a speck of dust 一点灰尘 * The old furniture was covered in dust. 旧家具上有尘土. * clouds of dust blowing in the wind 风吹起的尘雾 * gold, chalk, etc dust, ie fine particles of gold, chalk, etc 金粉、 粉笔灰 * [attrib 作定语] A dust-cloud (ie A whirlwind carrying clouds of dust) swept across the plain. 旋风卷着漫天尘土横扫平原. 2 (rhet 修辞) remains of a dead person 遗骸. 3 (idm 习语) bite the dust => bite1. dry as dust => dry1. kick up/raise a `dust (infml 口) make a fuss 引起骚乱. shake the dust off one's feet => shake1. throw dust in sb's eyes prevent sb from seeing the truth by misleading him 蒙蔽某人, 使其不明真相. when the dust has settled when the present uncertainty, unpleasantness, etc is over 烟消云散; 疑云散尽; 愁云散尽. 复合： `dustbin n (Brit) (US garbage can, trash-can) container for (esp household) rubbish （尤指家庭的）垃圾桶. `dust bowl area that has lost its vegetation through drought, over-cultivation, etc （因旱灾、 耕地使用过度等）失去植被的地区. `dust-cart n (Brit) (US garbage truck) vehicle for collecting rubbish from dustbins 垃圾车. `dust-cover n 1 cover used for protecting a computer, gramophone turntable, etc from dust （计算机、 留声机转盘等的）防尘罩. 2 = dust-jacket. 3 = dust-sheet. `dust-jacket n removable paper cover to protect the binding of a book 护封. `dustman[-mEn; -mEn] n (pl -men[-mEn; -mEn] ) (Brit) (US garbage man) man employed by a local authority to empty dustbins and remove rubbish 清除垃圾的工人. `dustpan n pan into which dust is brushed from the floor 簸箕. `dust-sheet n sheet used for covering furniture that is not in use, to protect it from dust 家具罩单. `dust-up n [sing] (infml 口) noisy quarrel or fight 争吵; 吵闹; 打架.

dusty
[5dQsti; 5dQsti] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 (a) full of dust; covered with dust 满是灰尘的; 落满灰尘的: * This room's rather dusty, I'm afraid. 我看, 这间屋子的尘土未免太多了. (b) like dust 灰尘般的; 粉末状的. 2 (idm 习语) a dusty answer curt rejection of a request; unfriendly refusal （对要求的）轻率的回绝; 淡然的拒绝. not so dusty (dated Brit infml 旧, 口) fairly good 还好; 还不坏: * `How are you feeling?’ `Oh, not so dusty, thanks!’ ‘你身体怎样?’‘啊, 还不错, 多谢!’ > dustiness n [U].

Dutch
[dQtF; dQtF] adj 1 of the Netherlands (Holland), its people or their language 荷兰的; 荷兰人的; 荷兰语的. 2 (idm 习语) Dutch courage (infml joc 口, 谑) courage that comes from drinking alcohol 酒後之勇. a Dutch treat a meal, an entertainment, etc at which each person pays for himself 各自付费的聚餐、 娱乐等. go Dutch (with sb) share expenses 均摊费用. talk (to sb) like a Dutch uncle => talk2. 派生： Dutch n 1 the Dutch [pl v] the people of the Netherlands 荷兰人. 2 [U] the language of the Dutch 荷兰语. Cf 参看 double Dutch (double1). 复合： ,Dutch `auction sale in which the price is gradually reduced until a buyer is found 降价式拍卖（逐渐降价直至有人购买为止）. ,Dutch `barn farm building consisting of a roof supported on poles, without walls, used as a shelter for hay, etc （放乾草等的）棚子. ,Dutch `cap = diaphragm 4. ,Dutch `elm disease disease that kills elm trees, caused by a fungus 荷兰榆树病. `Dutchman[-mEn; -mEn] n (pl -men) 1 native of the Netherlands 荷兰人. 2 (idm 习语) I'm a Dutchman! (used to express incredulity 用以表示难以置信): * If he's only twenty-five, I'm a Dutchman! 要说他只有二十五岁, 我才不信呢! ,Dutch `oven covered container used for cooking meat, etc slowly 荷兰 锅.

duteous
[5dju:tiEs; - 'du:-; 5dutiEs] adj (fml 文) = dutiful.

dutiable
[5dju:tiEbl; - 'du:-; 5dutiEbl] adj on which customs or other duties (duty 3) must be paid 应纳税的: * dutiable goods 应纳税的货物.

dutiful
[5dju:tifl; - 'du:-; 5dutifEl] (also duteous) adj (fml 文) showing respect and obedience; fulfilling all one's obligations 恭敬顺从的; 尽职的: * a dutiful son, subject, servant, etc 恭顺的儿子、 顺从的国民、 尽职的仆人. > dutifully[-fEli; -fEli] adv: * He dutifully followed his commander's instructions. 他恭顺地服从长官的命令. * to serve one's country dutifully 克尽厥职为国效力.

duty
[5dju:ti; - 'du:ti; 5duti] n 1 [C, U] moral or legal obligation （道德上的或法律上的）责任, 义务: * It's your duty to go. 你得去, 那是你的责任. * do one's duty 尽职 * It's not something I enjoy. I do it purely out of a sense of duty. 那并不是我喜欢做的事, 我纯粹是出於责任感才做的. * I'll have to go, I'm afraid duty calls. 看来我得走了--公务在身. 2 [C, U] task or action that sb must perform （某人必须执行的）任务或行动: * What are the duties of a traffic warden? 街道停车管理员的职责是什麽? * I'm doing night duty this week. 这个星期我上夜班. 3 [C, U] ~ (on sth) tax charged on certain goods, esp on imports （某些货物, 尤指进口货物交纳的）税; 关税: * customs/excise duties 关税[消费税]. Cf 参看 tariff 2. 4 (idm 习语) one's bounden duty => bounden. dereliction of duty => dereliction (derelict). do duty for sth serve as or act as a substitute for sth else 充作或当作另一事物的代替品: * An old wooden box did duty for a table. 把旧木箱当作桌子. in the line of duty => line1. on/off duty (of nurses, police officers, etc) engaged/not engaged in one's regular work 值[不值]班; 上[不上]班: * I arrive at the hospital at eight o'clock, but I don't go on duty until nine. 我八点钟就到医院了, 但是九点钟我才去值班. * [attrib 作定语] off-duty activities, hours 业馀活动、 时间. 复合： ,duty-`bound adj [pred 作表语] obliged by duty 义不容辞: I'm duty-bound to help him. 就我来说, 帮助他是责无旁贷的. ,duty-`free adj, adv (of goods) that can be imported without payment of customs duties （指货物）免关税（的）: You're allowed 1 litres of spirits duty-free. 你可免税带进1升烈性酒. * There's a good duty-free shop (ie one selling such goods) on the ferry. 渡船上有个挺不错的免税商店. * buy cigarettes duty-free 买免税香烟.

duvet
[5du:vei; du've] n quilt filled with soft feathers, etc, used on a bed instead of a top sheet and blankets 羽绒被. Cf 参看 eiderdown.

DV
[7di: 'vi:; 7di 'vi] abbr 缩写 = God being willing (Latin Deo volente) 如蒙上帝恩准, 如情况许可（源自拉丁文Deo volente）: * He should be back by Friday, DV, ie if nothing prevents him. 他若一切顺利, 星期五就应该回来了.

dwarf
[dwC:f; dwCrf] n (pl ~s) 1 person, animal or plant that is much smaller than the normal size 矮子; 侏儒; 矮小的动物或植物: * [attrib 作定语] a dwarf conifer 矮小的针叶树. 2 (in fairy stories) creature like a very small man with magic powers （神话中的）有魔法的小矮人. 派生： dwarf v [Tn] 1 make (sb/sth) seem small by contrast or distance 使（某人[某物]）相比之下显得小: Our little dinghy was dwarfed by the big yacht. 我们的小船跟大游艇一比显得很小. 2 prevent the full growth of (sth); stunt 阻碍（某物）充分生长发育; 阻碍生长.

dwell
[dwel; dwel] v (pt, pp dwelt/dwelt; dwelt] ) 1 [Ipr] ~ in, at, etc . . . (arch or rhet 古或修辞) live as an inhabitant of or reside at (a place) 住; 居住. 2 (phr v) dwell on/upon sth think, speak or write at length about sth 细想某事; 详述某事: * Let's not dwell on your past mistakes. 我们不要再细说你过去的错误了. 派生： dweller n (esp in compound ns 尤用以构成复合名词) person or animal living in the place specified 住在某处的人或动物: `town-dwellers * `flat-dwellers * `cave-dwellers. dwelling n (fml 文) place of residence; house, flat, etc 住处; 住宅; 公寓: (fml or joc 文或谑) my humble dwelling 寒舍. `dwelling-house n (esp law 尤用於法律) house used as a residence, not as a place of work 住宅.

dwindle
[5dwindl; 5dwindl] v [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (away) (to nothing) become gradually less or smaller 逐渐变少或变小; 减少; 缩小: * dwindling hopes, popularity, profits 逐渐消失的希望、 日益低落的声望、 日渐减少的利润 * Their savings have dwindled (away) to nothing. 他们的存款已减少到分文不剩了.

dye
1[dai; dai] v (3rd pers sing pres t dyes, pt, pp dyed, pres p dyeing) (a) [Tn, Cn.a] colour (sth), esp by dipping in a liquid 染（某物）（尤指浸渍法）: * dye one's hair 染发 * dye a white dress blue 将白色的连衣裙染成蓝色. (b) [I] be able to be dyed 能染上颜色: * a fabric that dyes well 易染色的织物. > dyer n. 复合： ,dyed-in-the-`wool adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (usu derog 通常作贬义) totally fixed in one's ideas, beliefs, etc （思想、 信仰等）根深蒂固的, 顽固不化的: a dyed-in-the-wool Marxist 死心塌地的马克思主义者.

dying
=> die.

dyke
= dike.

dynamic
[dai'nAmik; dai'nAmik] adj 1 of power or forces that produce movement 动力的. Cf 参看 static 2. 2 (of a person) energetic and forceful （指人）精力充沛的, 有力的: * a dynamic personality 精力充沛的人. 派生： dynamic n [sing] force that produces change, action, or effects 产生变化、 行动或影响的力量: the inner dynamic of a historical period, social movement, work of art 某一历史时期的、 社会运动的、 艺术品的内在力量. dynamically adv.

dynamism
[5dainEmizEm; 5dainE7mizEm] n [U] 1 (in a person) quality of being dynamic （人的）精力, 活力, 干劲. 2 (philosophy 哲) theory that phenomena are the result of natural forces acting on each other 物力论（认为一切现象都是自然力相互作用的结果之理论）.

dynamite
[5dainEmait; 5dainE7mait] n [U] 1 powerful explosive used in mining, etc 达纳炸药; 黄色炸药. 2 (fig 比喻) (a) thing likely to cause violent reactions 能引起强烈反应的事物: * The abortion issue is political dynamite. 堕胎问题在政治上是个爆炸性的问题. (b) (infml approv 口, 褒) strikingly impressive person or thing 了不起的人或事物: * Their new album is sheer dynamite. 他们这套新唱片一下子轰动起来. 派生： dynamite v [Tn] blow (sb/sth) up with dynamite 炸毁（某人[某物]）.

dynamo
[5dainEmEu; 5dainE7mo] n (pl ~s) 1 device for converting steam-power, water-power, etc into electricity; generator 发电机. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, pages xii, xiii. 2 (fig infml 比喻, 口) intensely energetic person 精力充沛的人: * a human dynamo 干劲十足的人.

dynasty
[5dinEsti; - 'dai-; 5dainEsti] n 1 series ofrulers all belonging to the same family 朝代; 王朝: * the Tudor dynasty 都铎王朝. 2 period during which a particular dynasty rules 某一王朝统治的时期; 朝; 代: * during the Ming dynasty 在明朝. > dynastic/di'nstik; - dai-; dai'nAstik] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语]: * dynastic succession 改朝换代.

dysentery
[5disEntri; - -teri; 5disn7teri] n [U] inflammation of the bowels, causing severe diarrhoea, usu with a discharge of mucus and blood 痢疾.

dyslexia
[dis'leksiE; dis'leksiE] n [U] (medical 医) (also word-blindness) abnormal difficulty in reading and spelling, caused by a brain condition 诵读困难. 派生： dyslexic/dis'leksik; dis'leksik] n, adj (person) suffering from dyslexia 患诵读困难症的（人）.

dyspepsia
[dis'pepsiE; - dis'pepFE; di'spepFE] n [U] (fml 文) indigestion 消化不良. 派生： dyspeptic/dis'peptik; di'speptik] adj, n (typical of a) person suffering from dyspepsia or the irritability that it causes 消化不良的; 消化不良患者; （因消化不良引起的）烦躁（的）, 易怒（的）.

dystrophy
[5distrEfi; 5distrEfi] n [U] (medical 医) inherited condition that causes a progressive weakening of the body tissues, esp the muscles 营养障碍; 营养不良: * muscular dystrophy 因营养障碍造成的肌肉萎缩.

ea
abbr 缩写 = each: oranges 10p ea 橙子10便士一个.

each
[i:tF; itF] indef det (used with sing [C] ns and sing vs 与单数可数名词和单数动词连用) (of two or more) every (person, thing, group, etc) considered individually 每一, 各个: * on each side of the road 在路的每一边 * a ring on each finger 每个手指上一个指环 * Each day passed without any news. 每天都没有任何消息. 派生： each indef pron every individual member (of a group) 每个: each of the boys, books, buildings 每个男孩、 每本书、 每座建 物 * Each of them phoned to thank me. 他们每个人都打电话来向我道谢. * Each of us has a company car. 我们每人都有一辆公司的汽车. (Cf 参看 We each have a company car.) * I'll see each of you separately. 我要分别地见你们每一个人. (Cf 参看 I'll see you each separately. ) * He gave us 5 each. 他给我们每人5英镑. each indef adv every one separately 每一个地; 各个地: The cakes are 20p each. 糕饼每块20便士. 复合： each `other (used only as the object of a v or prep 仅用作动词或介词的宾语) the other one, reciprocally 互相; 彼此: Paul and Linda helped each other, ie Paul helped Linda and Linda helped Paul. 保罗和琳达互相帮助. * We write to each other regularly. 我们彼此经常通信. Cf 参看 one another (one3). NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Each and every are generally used as determiners before singular countable nouns. *each和every一般都作限定词, 用於单数可数名词之前. Each is used when the items in a group (of two or more) are considered individually *each用以指一个群体（至少两个）中个别的个体: Each child learns at his or her own pace. 每个儿童均按自己的进度学习. Every indicates that all the items in a group (of three or more) are being regarded as members of that group. *every指一个群体（至少叁个）中侧重於全体的所有个体, 而不在个别的个体. It can be modified by some adverbs 这个词可以受某些副词修饰: Every/Nearly every child in the school passed the swimming test.这所学校的每一个[几乎每一个]儿童游泳都及格了. Each (one) of and every one of come before plural nouns or pronouns, but the verb is still singular *each (one) of和every one of用於复数名词或代词之前, 然而动词仍用单数: Each of the houses is slightly different. 每所房子都稍有区别.

each1
* I bought a dozen eggs and every one of them was bad. 我买了一打鸡蛋, 每个都是坏的. * She gave each (one) of her grandchildren 50p. 她给每个孙儿50便士. Each can function as a pronoun on its own *each本身可作代词: I asked all the children and each told a different story. 我问过所有的孩子, 每个人的说法都不一样. It can also follow a plural subject or an indirect object with a plural verb 这个词还可以用於复数的主语之後或复数动词的间接宾语之後: We each have a different point of view. 我们每个人都有不同的观点.

eager
[5i:gE(r); 5igl] adj 1 ~ (for sth/to do sth) full of interest or desire; keen 热切的; 渴望的; 热心的: * eager for success 渴望成功 * eager to please 极想讨好（别人）. 2 (idm 习语) an eager `beaver (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) keen, hard-working and enthusiastic person 积极、 努力又热心的人. > eagerly adv. eagerness n [U].

eagle
[5i:gl; 5igl] n 1 large strong bird of prey of the falcon family with very good eyesight 雕; 鹰. 2 (in golf) score of two strokes less than average （高尔夫球）比标准 少两 的分数. Cf 参看 birdie 2, par1 3. 派生： eaglet/i:glit; 5iglit] n young eagle 小雕; 小鹰. 复合： ,eagle `eye (usu sing 通常作单数) 1 very good eyesight 极好的视力. 2 keen watchfulness 敏锐的目光: The teacher's eagle eye was always on us, ie She noticed everything. 教师的锐利目光总是盯着我们（一举一动她都能注意到）. ,eagle-`eyed adj.

ear
1[iE(r); ir] n 1 [C] organ of hearing; its outer part 耳, 耳朵; 外耳: * The doctor looked into my ears. 医生检查我的耳朵. * Rabbits have large ears. 兔子的耳朵很长. * [attrib 作定语] She's got an `ear infection. 她耳朵感染了. =>illus 见插图. 2 [sing] an ~ (for sth) sense of hearing; ability to discriminate sounds, esp in music and language 听觉; （尤指音乐和语言中的）辨音力, 听力: * She has a good ear for languages. 她学语言的听力很好. 3 (idm 习语) (be) all `ears (infml 口) listening attentively 倾听: * Tell me your news; I'm all ears. 把你的新鲜事告诉我, 我洗耳恭听. box sb's ears => box2. sth comes to/reaches sb's `ears sb finds out about sth, eg news or gossip 某事物（如消息或闲话）传到某人耳朵里: * If this news ever reaches her ears, she'll be furious. 这个消息万一传到她的耳朵里, 她一定得大发雷霆. din in one's ears => din v. sb's `ears are burning sb suspects that he is being talked about, esp in an unkind way 某人耳朵发烧（怀疑遭人议论, 尤指说坏话）: * All this gossip about Sarah her ears must be burning! 都在说萨拉的闲话--她耳朵一定发烧了! easy on the ear/eye => easy1. fall on deaf ears => deaf. feel one's ears burning => feel1. give sb/get a thick ear => thick. go in (at) `one ear and out (at) the `other be heard but either ignored or quickly forgotten 一耳进一耳出; 左耳进右耳出; 当作耳边风: * You've forgotten to buy the eggs! It (ie What I tell you) goes in one ear and out the other. 你忘记买鸡蛋了! 把我跟你说的话当成耳旁风了. have, get, win, etc sb's `ear have or get sb's favourable attention 获得某人的好感; 受到某人的重视. have/keep an/one's ear to the `ground be aware of all that is happening and being said 注意周围的动静: * Peter'll know; he always keeps an ear to the ground. 彼得会知道的, 他耳听八方. have a word in sb's ear => ordword. keep one's ears/eyes open => open1. lend an ear => lend. make a pig's ear of sth => pig. meet the ear/eye => meet1. music to one's ears => music. not believe one's ears/eyes => believe.

ear1
(be) out on one's `ear suddenly expelled, dismissed, etc 突遭驱逐、 开除、 解雇等. play (sth) by `ear play (music) by remembering how it sounds, ie without seeing a printed form 凭记忆演奏（乐曲）（即不看乐谱）. play it by `ear (infml 口) act without preparation according to the demands of a situation; improvise 事前无准备而根据情况采取行动; 临时现做: * I've had no time to prepare for this meeting, so I'll have to play it by ear. 我没有时间准备这次会议, 所以只好有什麽谈什麽. prick up one's ears => prick2. shut one's ears to sth/sb => shut. smile, etc from ear to `ear smile, etc broadly, showing that one is very pleased or happy 眉开眼笑. turn a deaf ear => deaf. (be) up to one's ears/eyes in sth very busy with or overwhelmed by sth 忙得不可开交; 深陷於某事物中: * I'm up to my ears in work at the moment. 我现在工作忙极了. walls have ears => wall. with a flea in one's ear => flea. wet behind the ears => wet. with half an `ear not very attentively 不很注意地: * I was only listening to the radio with half an ear, while preparing some food. 我正在做吃的, 没太留心听收音机. 派生： -eared/iEd; ird] (usu in compound adjs 通常用以构成复合形容词) having ears of a specified kind 有某种耳朵的: * the ,long-eared `owl. earful[5iEful; irful] n [sing] (infml 口) (idm 习语) give sb/get an `earful give or receive a long angry or abusive speech 说或听一番气愤的或辱骂的话: * If he bothers you again I'll give him an earful. 如果他再来烦你, 我就训他一顿. 复合： `earache n [U, sing] pain in the ear-drum 耳痛. `ear-drop n (usu pl 通常作复数) liquid medication dropped into the ears 滴耳药水. `ear-drum (also drum) n thin membrane in the inner part of the ear which vibrates when sound waves strike it 鼓膜. =>illus 见插图. `ear-muff n (usu pl 通常作复数) either of a pair of ear-coverings connected by a band across the top of the head, and worn to protect the ears, esp from the cold （尤指防寒用的）耳罩: a pair of green ear-muffs 一副绿色的耳罩.

ear2
`earphone n (usu pl 通常作复数) (a) either of two receivers attached to each other so that they fit over the ears, used for listening to records, the radio, etc 耳机. (b) similar device with only one receiver that fits inside one ear 单耳机. `ear-plug n (usu pl 通常作复数) either of two pieces of soft material put into the ears to keep out air, water or noise （防止空气、 水或声音进入耳内的）耳塞. `ear-ring n (often pl 常作复数) piece of jewellery worn in or on the ear lobe 耳环; 耳饰. `earshot n [U] (idm 习语) (be) out of/within `earshot where one cannot/can be heard 在听力范围之外[之内]. `ear-splitting adj very loud; shrill 极响的; 震耳的; 刺耳的: an ear-splitting crash 震耳欲聋的碰撞. `ear-trumpet n trumpet-shaped tube formerly used by partially deaf people to magnify sound （旧时的）喇叭形助听器.

earl
[E:l; El] n (fem 阴性作 countess) (title of a) British nobleman ranking between a marquis and a viscount 伯爵（的衔头）. 派生： earldom n rank of an earl 伯爵的爵位.

early
[5E:li; 5Eli] (-ier, -iest) adj, adv 1 near to the beginning of a period of time 早; 初; 初期: * the early morning 清早 * in early spring 早春 * in his early twenties, ie aged between 20 and 23 or 24 （他）二十岁出头 * early works (of a composer, poet, writer, etc), ie those written at the beginning of a career （作曲家、 诗人、 作家等的）早期作品 * Two players were injured early in the season. 有两名选手在该季开始不久就受了伤. Cf 参看 late1 2, late2 2. 2 before the usual or expected time 提前; 提早: * early peaches, ie peaches that ripen early in the season 早熟的桃子 * an early breakfast, eg at 5 am 很早的早餐（如於早晨5时者） * I got up early today. 我今天起得很早. * The bus arrived five minutes early. 公共汽车早到了五分钟. Cf 参看 late1 1, late2 1. 3 (idm 习语) at your earliest con`venience (fml esp commerce 文, 尤用於商业) as soon as possible 尽早: * Please deliver the goods at your earliest convenience. 请尽早送货. bright and `early => bright. an `early bird (joc 谑) person who arrives, gets up, etc early 早到、 早起等的人: * You're an early bird this morning! 你今天起得真早啊! the ,early bird catches the `worm (saying 谚) the person who arrives, gets up, etc first will be successful 早起的鸟才能捉到虫; 捷足先登. early `days (yet) (esp Brit) too soon to be sure how a situation, etc will develop 过早; 尚早: * I'm not sure if our book will be a success it's early days yet. 我们这本书是否受欢迎, 我没有把握--现在言之过早. the early `hours very early in the morning, ie not long after midnight 深夜: * They were dancing till the early hours. 他们跳舞跳到深夜. an early/a late night => night. early `on soon after the start of a past event 在初期; 开始後不久: * I knew early on (in the film) that I wasn't going to enjoy it. 电影一开演我就知道不会喜欢这部电影. an early/late riser => riser (rise1). ,early to `bed and ,early to `rise (makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise) (saying 谚) living sensibly and without excesses (will bring a person good health, money and wisdom) 睡得早, 起得早, （富足、 聪明、 身体好）. keep early `hours rise early or go to bed early 早起; 早睡. > earliness n [U].

early1
复合： early `closing (Brit) shutting of shops, etc on a particular afternoon every week （每周某一日下午商店等）停止营业: It's early closing (day) today. 今天照例下午停止营业. early `warning early indication (eg by radar) of the approach of enemy aircraft, missiles, etc 预先警报（敌人飞机、 导弹等逼近的预先显示, 如由雷达显示）: [attrib 作定语] early `warning system 预先警报系统.

earmark
[5iEma:k; 5ir7mark] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (for sth/sb) assign or set aside sb/sth (to or for a special purpose) （为某目的）指定或安排某人[某事物]: * earmark a sum of money for research 拨出一笔款项作研究经费 * I've earmarked Peter for the job. 我已派彼得做这事.

earn
[E:n; En] v 1 [Tn] (a) get (money) by working 赚; 挣: * He earns 10000 a year. 他一年赚10000英镑. * She earned her living by singing in a nightclub. 她靠在夜总会唱歌谋生. * earned/unearned income 劳动收入[非劳动收入]. (b) get (money) as a return on a loan or investment （贷款或投资）获得（利钱）: * Money earns more in a high interest account. 钱放在高利息的帐户里获利多. 2 [Tn, Dn.n] gain (sth deserved) in return for one's achievements, behaviour, etc （因自己的成就、 行为等）得到（应得的事物）; 博得; 使得: * You've certainly earned your retirement. 你确已理当退休了. * a well-earned rest 应得的休息 * His honesty earned him great respect. 他因诚实而博得人们的尊敬. * His bad manners earned him a sharp rebuke. 他因为没有礼貌而受到责备. 3 (idm 习语) earn/turn an honest penny => honest. ,earn one's `keep work hard enough to cover the costs of one's food, accommodation, etc 挣钱维持生活. 派生： earnings n [pl] money earned 赚的钱; 生的利: I've spent all my earnings. 我把赚的钱都花光了. ,earnings-re`lated adj (of payments, etc) linked to and changing with one's earnings （指付款等）随个人收入而改变的: an ,earnings-related `pension scheme 随个人收入而改变的退休金计划.

earnest
1[5E:nist; 5Enist] adj (too) serious; determined; not light-hearted （太）认真的; 坚决的; 不掉以轻心的: * a terribly earnest young man 认真得不得了的年轻人. 派生： earnest n (idm 习语) in (dead/deadly/real) `earnest (a) with determination and energy 有决心和精力: It's beginning to snow in earnest, ie heavily. 雪真的下起来了（下大了）. (b) serious(ly); not joking(ly) 认真（地）; 并非开玩笑（地）: When she threatened to report us, she was in dead earnest. 她威胁说要告发我们, 她可是郑重其事说的. earnestly adv: I earnestly beg you to reconsider your decision. 我诚恳地请求你把你的决定再重新考虑一下. earnestness n [U].

earth
[E:W; EW] n 1 (usu 通常作 the earth) [sing] this world; the planet on which we live 世界; 地球: * The moon goes round the earth. 月球环绕地球运转. * I must be the happiest woman on earth! 我一定是世界上最幸福的女人了. 2 [sing] land; the surface of the world as opposed to the sky or sea 大地; 陆地; 地面: * After a week at sea, it was good to feel the earth under our feet again. 出海一周後, 又重新回到陆地上而感到愉快. * The balloon burst and fell to earth. 气球破裂而落到地上. 3 [U] soil 泥土: * a clod/lump of earth 土块 * fill a hole with earth 用泥土填洞 * cover the roots of a plant with earth 用泥土把植物的根埋起来. =>Usage 见所附用法. 4 [C] hole of a wild animal, esp a fox or badger （野兽的, 尤指狐狸或獾的）洞穴; 兽穴. 5 [C usu sing 通常作单数] (esp Brit) (US ground) (wire that provides a) connection with the ground completing an electrical circuit 接地; 地线. 6 [C] (chemistry 化) any of several metallic oxides 几种金属氧化物之一: * an alkaline earth 硷土金属氧化物 * rare earths 稀土金属元素. 7 (idm 习语) charge, cost, pay, etc (sb) the `earth (infml 口) charge, etc a lot of money 要付...很多钱: * I'd love that bike, but it costs the earth. 我很喜欢那辆自行车, 可是贵得不得了. come back/down to `earth (with a bang/bump) (infml 口) stop day-dreaming; return to reality 不再做白日梦; 回到现实中来: * When his money ran out, he came down to earth (with a bump). 他把钱用光时, 才（赫然）如梦初醒. the ends of the earth => end1. the four corners of the earth => corner. go/run to earth/ground hide oneself away to avoid being captured, etc 躲藏起来以免被捉住等. how, why, where, who, etc on `earth/in the `world (infml 口) (used for emphasis 用以加强语气) how, etc ever 到底怎样...: * What on earth are you doing? 你到底在干什麽呢?

earth1
* How on earth did she manage that? 她究竟怎麽办到的呢? (be, feel, look, etc) like nothing on `earth (infml 口) very bad, unwell, peculiar, etc 糟糕、 难受、 特别极了等: * He looks like nothing on earth in those weird clothes. 他穿着奇装异服难看极了. move heaven and earth => move2. promise the earth/moon => promise2. run sb/sth to `earth find sb/sth by searching hard 尽力追查某人[某事物]: * The police eventually ran him to earth in Paris. 警察穷追不舍, 终於在巴黎找到了他. the salt of the earth => salt. wipe sth off the face of the earth/off the map => wipe. 派生： earth v 1 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (esp Brit) connect (an electrical appliance, etc) with the ground 将（电器等）接地: Is this plug earthed? 这个插头接地了吗? 2 (phr v) earth sth up cover (the roots of a plant, etc) with earth 用土掩盖（植物等的根）: He earthed up the celery. 他给芹菜培上了土. earthy adj (-ier, -iest) 1 of or like earth or soil 泥土的; 像泥土的; 土壤的; 像土壤的: an earthy smell 泥土的气味. 2 (fig 比喻) (of people, jokes, etc) coarse; not refined or sensitive （指人、 笑话等）粗俗的; 不文雅的; 土里土气的: an earthy sense of humour 粗俗的幽默感. earthiness n [U]. 复合： `earth science any of various sciences, such as geology or geography, concerned with the earth or part of it 地球科学（如地质学、 地理学等）. `earthwork n (formerly) large man-made bank of earth used as a fortification （旧时）土垒（用泥土 成的大型防御工事）: the remains of ancient earthworks 古代土垒的残骸. `earthworm n common type of worm that lives in the soil 蚯蚓（通称曲工）. =>illus at worm 见worm之插图. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Compare earth, ground, floor and soil. 将earth、 ground、 floor、 soil这几个词作一比较. The earth (also Earth) is the name of the planet where we live and earth can also refer to the solid land in contrast to the sky above *the earth（亦大写作Earth）是我们赖以生存的地球的名称, earth还可指大地, 是相对於天空而言: The parachutist floated gently down to earth. 跳伞者轻飘飘地降落到地上. Ground indicates an area or distance on the earth's surface *ground指地面上的区域或距离: The expedition covered a lot of ground. 探险队到过很多地方. In addition, the ground is the solid surface under our feet when we are in the open air 此外, 当人们在露天活动时, the ground可用以指地面: You shouldn't sit on the ground when it's wet. 地面潮湿时就不应该坐在地上. The floor is the solid surface under our feet inside a building *the floor指建 物内的地面: He left his clothes lying all over the floor. 他把衣服扔得满地都是. Ground, earth and especially soil refer to the natural material in which trees and plants grow. *ground、 earth、 特别是soil, 均指土壤. Ground is an area of soil and earth *ground指土壤和土地的一个区域: stony ground 多石的地面

earth2
* black earth 黑土地 * sandy soil 沙土地.

earthen
[5E:Wn; 5EWEn] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] 1 made of earth 泥土做的: * earthen floors （建 物内的）泥土地面. 2 made of baked clay 用烧过的黏土做的; 陶制的: * earthen pots 陶壶. 复合： `earthenware n [U] pottery made of baked clay 陶器: [attrib 作定语] an earthenware bowl 陶碗.

earthly
[5E:Wli; 5EWli] adj 1 of this world; not spiritual 现世的; 尘世的: * earthly joys, possessions 尘世的享乐、 财产. 2 (infml 口) (usu with a negative 通常与否定式连用) possible; conceivable 可能的; 可想像的: * You've no earthly hope of winning. 你根本没有获胜的希望. 3 (idm 习语) no earthly use (infml 口) totally useless 完全无用的. not have an `earthly (Brit infml 口) not have the slightest chance or hope or idea 没有丝毫机会或希望或概念: * `Why isn't it working?’ `I haven't an earthly (ie I don't know at all.)’ ‘这怎麽不灵呢?’‘我一点儿都不知道.’

earthquake
[5E:Wkweik; 5EW7kwek] (also quake) n sudden violent movement of the earth's surface 地震.

earwig
[5iEwig; 5ir7wig] n small harmless insect with pincers at the rear end of its body 但（一种有尾铗的无害小昆虫）.

ease
1[i:z; iz] n [U] 1 freedom from work, discomfort, pain or anxiety 安逸; 舒适; 无痛苦; 无忧虑: * a life of ease 安逸舒适的生活 * ease of mind 心情舒畅 * The injection brought him immediate ease. 他经注射後疼痛顿消. Cf 参看 easy1 2. 2 (idm 习语) (stand) at `ease (as a military command 用作军事口令) (stand) with feet apart and hands behind the back 稍息. Cf 参看 attention 4. (be/feel) at (one's) `ease (be/feel) comfortable and unworried; (be/feel) completely relaxed （感到）舒适而无忧虑; （感到）完全松弛: * I never feel at ease in his company. 我跟他在一起总是感到很不自在. * Finish the work at your ease, ie in your own time. 你可以从容地把这项工作做完（在你方便时）. ill at ease => ill1. put/set sb at (his, her, etc) `ease make sb feel comfortable, free from embarrassment, etc 使某人感到舒适、 不拘束等: * He had been dreading their meeting but her warm welcome soon put him at his ease. 他对彼此相见一直忐忑不安, 可是她热情相迎使他很快就无拘无束了. put/set sb's mind at ease/rest => mind1. ,take one's `ease stop working or worrying; relax 不再工作或忧虑; 休息; 轻松; 放心: * She sat down and took her ease by the fire. 她坐在火旁休息一下. with `ease without difficulty 容易地; 无困难地: * He passed the test with ease. 他轻而易举地考及格了.

easel
[5i:zl; 5izl] n wooden frame for holding a blackboard or a picture (while it is being painted) 黑板架; 画架.

east
[i:st; ist] n [sing] (abbr 缩写 E) 1 the east point of the horizon where the sun rises; one of the four main points of the compass 东; 东方: * The wind is blowing from the east. 风从东方来. * He lives to the east of (ie further east than) Exeter. 他住在埃克塞特的东边. Cf 参看 north, south, west. 2 the East (a) countries of Asia, esp China and Japan 东方国家（亚洲的国家, 尤指中国和日本）: * philosophies of the East 东方国家的哲学 * Yoga originated in the East. 瑜伽起源於东方国家. (b) any part of the world to the east of Europe 欧洲以东的任何地区: * the Middle East 中东 * the Near East 近东 * the Far East 远东. 3 the East (US) eastern side of the USA 美国的东部地区: * I was born in the East, but now live in Los Angeles. 我出生於东部, 但现在住在洛杉矶. 派生： east adj [attrib 作定语] 1 in or towards the east 在东方的; 向东方的: He lives on the east coast. 他住在东部海岸地区. 2 (of winds) from the east （指风）从东方来的: an east wind 东风. Cf 参看 easterly. east adv towards the east 向东方地: My window faces east. 我的窗户朝东. * We are travelling east. 我们向东方旅行. * a town east of the Danube 多瑙河以东的一个城镇. eastward[5i:stwEd; 5istwld] adj towards the east 向东的; 向东方的: * in an eastward direction 在向东的方向. eastward, eastwards adv: to travel eastwards 向东方旅行. =>Usage at forward2 用法见forward2. 复合： eastbound[5i:stbaund; 5ist7baund] adj travelling towards the east 向东方旅行的: * Is this the eastbound train? 这是东行列车吗? * the eastbound section of the motorway 高速公路的东行段. the ,East `End (Brit) thickly populated, mainly working-class part of East London 东区（伦敦东部的工人居住区, 人口稠密）. Cf 参看 the West End (west). ,East-`Ender n person living in the East End 在伦敦东区居住的人.

Easter
[5i:stE(r); 5istl] n annual Christian festival, that occurs on a Sunday in March or April, and celebrates the resurrection of Christ after the crucifixion; period about this time 复活节（基督徒一年一度的节日, 於3月或4月的一个星期日, 纪念耶稣在十字架上受刑死後复活）; 复活节期间: * [attrib 作定语] ,Easter `Day 复活节日 * ,Easter `Sunday 复活节星期日 * `Easter week, ie the week beginning on Easter Sunday 复活节周（自复活节星期日起的一周） * the Easter holidays 复活节假期. 复合： `Easter egg egg made of chocolate or a hen's egg with a painted or dyed shell, eaten at Easter 复活节彩蛋.

easterly
[5i:stEli; 5istlli] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语], adv 1 in or towards the east 在东面（的）; 向东面（的）: * in an easterly direction 朝东的方向. 2 (of winds) blowing from the east （指风）从东方吹来（的）: * an easterly wind 东风. 派生： easterly n wind blowing from the east 东风: strong easterlies at sea 海上的强劲东风.

eastern
[5i:stEn; 5istln] (also Eastern) adj [attrib 作定语] of, from or living in the east part of the world or of a specified region 东方的; 东部的; 来自东方的; 来自东部的; 居於东方的; 居於东部的: * Eastern customs, religions, etc 东方的习俗、 宗教等 * the eastern seaboard of the USA 美国东部沿海地区. 派生： easternmost[5i:stEnmEust; 5istln7most] adj situated farthest east 位於最东的; 位於极东的: * the easternmost city in Europe 欧洲最东的城市. 复合： the ,Eastern `Bloc (formerly) communist countries of Eastern Europe considered as a group （旧时）东方集团（东欧共产主义国家, 视为一整体）.

easy
1[5i:zi; 5izi] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 not difficult; done or obtained without great effort 容易的; 不难的; 不费力的: * an easy exam 容易的考试 * It is an easy place to reach. 那是个容易到达的地方. * The place is easy to reach. 那地方容易到达. 2 free from pain, discomfort, anxiety, trouble, etc 不再痛苦的; 舒适的; 安心的; 安逸的: * lead an easy life 过安逸舒适的生活 * My mind is easier now. 现在我安心多了. Cf 参看 ease1 1. 3 [attrib 作定语] not stiff or embarrassed 不生硬的; 不死板的; 不拘束的: * have easy manners 举止从容. 4 [attrib 作定语] readily exploited, cheated, etc 易上当、 受骗等的: * an easy victim 容易吃亏的人 * an easy prey 容易受害的人. 5 (idm 习语) as ,easy as `anything/as `pie/as AB`C/as falling off a `log/as `winking (infml 口) very easy or easily 极容易. easy game person or thing that can easily be attacked, exploited or made a victim 容易受攻击的人或事物; 容易吃亏、 上当、 受害的人. easy/difficult of approach => approach n. ,easy `money money obtained either dishonestly or for little work 横财; 不义之财; 来得容易的钱. ,easy on the `ear/`eye (infml 口) pleasant to listen to or look at 好听的; 好看的: * This music's easy on the ear late at night. 这音乐夜晚听起来很好听. an easy/a soft touch => touch2. free and easy => free1. have an easy time (of it) experience no difficulty in doing sth 在做某事物中无困难. on easy `terms (commerce 商) (of a loan) with a low rate of interest, or (of a purchase) allowing the buyer to pay gradually over a long period （指贷款）低息的; （指购物）分期付款的. I'm `easy (infml 口 esp Brit) (replying when a choice has been offered) I have no preference （当被请求选择时, 回答）我无所谓（都一样）. take the easy way out escape from a difficult or an awkward situation by the least demanding (and possibly not the most honourable) course of action 以最省事的做法（可能并非最得体者）回避困难的或尴尬的处境. a woman of easy virtue => woman.

easy1
派生： easily[5i:zEli; 5izili] adv 1 without difficulty 容易地; 无困难地: * I can easily finish it tonight. 我今晚轻而易举就可把它做完. 2 without doubt 无疑地: * It's easily the best film I've seen this year. 这无疑是我今年所看过的最好的电影. 3 possibly 可能地: * That could easily be the answer we're looking for. 那可能就是我们正在寻找的办法. easiness n [U]. 复合： ,easy `chair large comfortable armchair 安乐椅. ,easy`going adj (of people) relaxed in manner; placid and tolerant （指人）随便的; 温和宽容的: My mother doesn't mind who comes to stay, she's very easygoing. 我母亲不在乎有什麽人来住, 她非常随和.

eat
[i:t; it] v (pt ate/et; - eit; et] , pp eaten[5i:tn; 5itn] ) 1 [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (up)[~ sth (up) take (solid food or soup) into the mouth and swallow it for nourishment 吃; 喝（汤）: * He was too ill to eat. 他病重得不能吃东西了. * eat up (ie finish eating) now 现在吃完 * Eat (up) your dinner. 你把饭吃（完）了. * Lions eat meat, ie Meat is their diet. 狮子吃肉. 2 [I] have a meal 吃饭: * Where shall we eat tonight? 咱们今天晚上在哪儿吃饭? 3 (idm 习语) dog eat dog => dog1. ,eat sb a`live/,eat sb for `breakfast (infml 口) be able to dominate or exploit sb 能支配或剥削某人; 摆布; 宰割: * She'll eat him for breakfast. 她将来能降住他. eat one's `heart out (for sb/sth) endure envy, longing, frustration, etc in silence 默默地强忍妒忌、 渴求、 挫折等: * Since he left, she's been sitting at home eating her heart out. 他走了以後, 她一直坐在家里, 心如刀割. ,eat humble `pie be very apologetic 赔罪; 赔礼; 道歉: * When he realized his mistake, he had to eat humble pie. 他认识到了自己的错误, 只好赔礼道歉. ,eat like a `horse (infml 口) eat a lot 吃得很多. eat out of sb's `hand be submissive and compliant towards sb 听命於某人: * She soon had the class eating out of her hand. 她不久就把全班管得服服贴贴了. eat sb out of ,house and `home (infml often joc 口, 常作戏谑语) (of people) eat a lot of food which sb else has paid for （指人）把某人吃穷: * I hope your brother won't stay much longer, he's eating us out of house and home! 我希望你弟弟可别住太久了, 他要把咱们给吃穷了! eat oneself `sick (on sth) (infml 口) eat so much (of sth) that one feels or is sick 吃（某物）太多而不适或生病: * The children would eat themselves sick on chocolate if I let them. 我要是让孩子由着性儿吃巧克力, 他们会吃出病来. ,eat one's `words admit that what one said was wrong 承认自己说错话. have one's cake and eat it => cake. I'll ,eat my `hat (infml 口)

eat1
(expression used by sb who believes that sth is so unlikely to happen that even to suggest it is absurd 某人认为发生某事物的可能性迹近荒谬时的用语): * Rob's always late if he gets here on time I'll eat my hat. 罗布总迟到--他要准时到这儿, 我把脑袋给你. the proof of the pudding is in the eating => proof1. 4 (phr v) eat sth away/eat away at sth erode 腐蚀; 侵蚀: * The river is eating away at the bank. 河水侵蚀着两岸. eat into sth (a) consume sth; destroy; dissolve; corrode 消耗某事物; 毁坏; 分解; 腐蚀: * Acids eat into metal. 酸能腐蚀金属. (b) (fig 比喻) consume a part of sth 消耗某事物的一部分: * Paying for that new carpet has eaten into my savings. 付新地毯的款用去了我的一部分储蓄. eat out have a meal in a restaurant, etc rather than at home 在饭馆等处吃饭（不在家中吃）: * I'm too tired to cook tonight; shall we eat out? 我今晚累得不想做饭了, 咱们下饭馆好吗? eat sb up (fig 比喻) (usu passive 通常用於被动语态) consume; obsess; worry 操心; 烦扰; 担忧: * be eaten up with curiosity, anger, envy, etc 受好奇心、 愤怒、 妒忌等煎熬 * Jealousy was eating him up. 嫉妒心在折磨着他. 派生： eatable adj fit to be eaten; good to eat 可吃的; 好吃的: Our school meals are hardly eatable. 我们学校的饭菜简直没法吃. Cf 参看 edible. n (usu pl 通常作复数); (infml 口) food 食物: Have you brought the eatables? 你带吃的来了吗? eater n 1 person who eats (in a particular way) （以某种方式）吃东西的人: He's a big, greedy, etc eater, ie He eats a lot, eats greedily, etc. 他很能吃、 很贪嘴等. 2 = eating apple. eats n [pl] (infml 口) food ready to be eaten 现成的食物: There were plenty of eats, but not enough to drink. 有很多吃的, 可是没什麽喝的. 复合： `eating apple type of apple that is suitable for eating uncooked 适宜生吃的苹果（不用於烹饪者）. Cf 参看 cooker 2.

eat2
`eating-house (also `eating-place) n restaurant 饭馆; 饭店; 食堂.

eau
de-Cologne

eaves
[i:vz; ivz] n [pl] overhanging lower edges of a roof 屋檐: * birds nesting under the eaves 在屋檐下 巢的鸟. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page vii.

eavesdrop
[5i:vzdrCp; 5ivz7drap] v [I, Ipr] (-pp-) ~ (on sb/sth) listen secretly to a private conversation 偷听（私人谈话）: * eavesdropping on the discussion, her parents偷听讨论、 偷听她父母谈话. > eavesdropper n.

ebb
[eb; eb] v [I, Ip] ~ (away) 1 (of the tide) go out; recede （指潮水）退落; 退潮; 落潮. Cf 参看 flow 5. 2 (fig 比喻) grow less; become slowly weak or faint 减少; 衰落; 衰退: * Daylight was ebbing away. 白昼在逐渐消失. * Our enthusiasm soon began to ebb. 我们的热情不久就凉下来了. 派生： ebb n [sing] 1 (usu 通常作 the ebb) (of a tide) the flowing out （指潮水）退落; 退潮; 落潮: The tide is on the ebb, ie is going out. 正在退潮. Cf 参看 flood2 3. 2 (idm 习语) at a low ebb => low1. the ebb and flow (of sth) (of noise, fashions, etc) regular increase and decrease in intensity; constant fluctuation （指声音、 流行式样等）消长, 兴衰; 不断长落, 起伏: the ebb and flow of conversation 谈话声此起彼伏. on the `ebb diminishing; declining 正在减弱; 正在衰退; 正在衰落: My luck is on the ebb. 我的运气每况愈下. 复合： ,ebb `tide[7eb 'taid; 5eb 7taid] = ebb n 1.

ebony
[5ebEni; 5ebEni] n [U] hard black wood of a tropical tree 乌木; 黑檀. 派生： ebony adj 1 made of ebony 乌木做的: the ebony keys on a piano 钢琴上的乌木琴键. 2 black 黑色的: ebony skin 黝黑的皮肤.

ebullient
[i'bQliEnt, also i'buliEnt; i'bQljEnt] adj full of energy and excitement; exuberant 精力充沛的; 洋溢的; 奔放的. 派生： ebullience[-Ens; -Ens] n [U] state of being ebullient; exuberance 精力充沛; 洋溢; 奔放: * She burst into the room with her usual ebullience, and immediately started talking to everyone. 她像往常一样兴高采烈地冲进了房间, 立刻跟大家攀谈起来. ebulliently adv.

EC
[i:'si:; 7i'si] abbr 缩写 = East Central 东部中央: * London EC1 4PW, ie as a postal code 伦敦EC1 4PW（邮政编码）.

eccentric
[ik'sentrik; ik'sentrik] adj 1 (of people, behaviour) unusual; peculiar; not conventional or normal （指人、 举止）异常的; 古怪的; 不合常规的; 不正常的: * his eccentric habits 他那古怪的习惯 * an eccentric old lady 一位古怪的老太太. 2 (a) (of circles) not having the same centre （指圆形）没有共同圆心的. Cf 参看 concentric. (b) (of orbits) not circular （指轨道）不正圆的. (c) (of planets, etc) moving in an eccentric orbit （指行星等）在不正圆的轨道上运行的. 派生： eccentric n 1 eccentric person 古怪的人: The club seemed to be full of eccentrics. 这个俱乐部里好像都是怪人. 2 mechanical device consisting of a disc at the end of a shaft for changing circular movement into backward-and-forward movement 偏心器; 偏心轮. eccentrically[-kli; -kli] adv. eccentricity[7eksen'trisEti; 7eksen'trisEti] n 1 [U] quality of being eccentric; strangeness of behaviour, etc 古怪; 怪异; 怪僻等: * eccentricity of style, clothing, manners, ideas 古怪的样式、 服装、 举止、 想法. 2 [C] instance of this; strange or unusual act or habit 古怪; 怪异; 怪僻: * One of his eccentricities is sleeping under the bed instead of on it. 他的怪僻之一是睡觉睡在床底下而不睡在床上.

ecclesiastic
[i7kli:zi'Astik; i7klizi'Astik] n clergyman (in the Christian Church) （基督教会的）传教士, 牧师. 派生： ecclesiastical[-kl; -kl] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (a) of clergymen 传教士的; 牧师的. (b) of the Christian Church 基督教会的. ecclesiastically[-klI; -klI/ adv.

ECG
[7i: si: 'dVi:; 7i si 'dVi] abbr 缩写 = (medical 医) electrocardiogram: * have an ECG test 作心电图检查.

echelon
[5eFElCn; 5eFE7lan] n 1 level of authority or responsibility; rank in an organization 职权的等级; 级别: * the upper echelons of the Civil Service 政府部门的高层. 2 step-like formation of troops, aircraft, ships, etc 梯形编队: * aircraft flying in echelon, ie in a line stretching backwards to the left or right 成梯队飞行的飞机.

echo
1[5ekEu; 5eko] n (pl ~es) 1 (a) reflection and repetition of a sound, eg from a wall or inside an enclosed space 回声; 回音: * This cave has a good echo. 这个洞的回声很大. (b) sound repeated in this way 反覆的回声: * If you shout loudly, you'll hear the echo. 如果大声喊, 就能听到回声. 2 (fig 比喻) person or thing that imitates another 模仿的人或事物: * He has no original opinions; he's just his father's echo. 他没有主见, 只是随声附和他父亲的意见. * There are many echoes of Shakespeare in his work. 他的作品中有很多处模仿莎士比亚. 3 (idm 习语) to the `echo (dated 旧) long and loudly 长时间而大声地: * Her performance was cheered to the echo. 她的表演获得长时间的喝采. 复合： `echo-sounder n instrument used for determining the depth of sth underneath a ship by measuring the time taken for sound waves to be echoed back from it 回声探测器.

eclair
[i'kleE(r), ei'kleE(r); i'kler, e'kler] n (also ,chocolate e`clair) small finger-shaped pastry cake, filled with cream and iced with chocolate 巧克力棒糕（一种奶油馅巧克力糖衣的手指形小点心）.

eclat
[5eikla:; - ei'kla:; e'kla] n [U] 1 brilliance; conspicuous success 辉煌的成就; 显赫的功绩: * to perform with eclat 大为成功地表演. 2 praise; applause 喝采; 鼓掌: * Her latest novel was received with great eclat. 她最新的小说备受赞赏.

eclectic
[i'klektik; ik'lektik] adj (fml 文) (of people, beliefs, etc) not restricted to one source of ideas, etc, but choosing from or using a wide range （指人、 信仰等）不局限於一种思想的, 兼收并蓄的, 折衷的: * He has an eclectic taste in music. 他爱好各种音乐. 派生： eclectic n person who works, thinks, etc in an eclectic way （工作、 思想等）兼容并包的人. eclectically[-tikli; -tikli] adv. eclecticism/i'klektisizEm; ik'lekti7sizEm] n [U].

eclipse
[i'klips; i'klips] n [C] 1 blocking of the light of the sun (when the moon is between it and the earth) or of the moon (when the earth's shadow falls on it) 日蚀; 月蚀: * a total/partial eclipse of the sun 日全[偏]蚀. 2 [C, U] (fig 比喻) loss of brilliance, fame, power, etc 光辉、 声誉、 权势等的丧失: * After suffering an eclipse, she is now famous again. 她沉默一时期以後, 现在又名声大噪了. * The writer's name remained in eclipse for many years after his death. 这位作者死後很多年, 名字一直湮没无闻. 派生： eclipse v [Tn] 1 (of the moon, the sun, a planet, etc) cause an eclipse of (sth); cut off the light from （指月、 日、 行星等）形成（某种）蚀; 使...的光消失: The sun is partly eclipsed (by the moon). 太阳（被月球）遮住一部分（日偏蚀）. 2 (fig 比喻) make (sb/sth) appear dull by comparison; outshine 使（某人[某事物]）相形见绌; 使黯然失色: He is eclipsed by his wife, who is much cleverer and more amusing than he is. 他妻子比他聪明而有风趣, 显得他黯然失色.

eco-
comb form 构词成分 (usu forming ns 通常用以构成名词) ecological or of ecology 生态的; 生态学的: ecosystem * ecotype.

ecology
[i:'kClEdVi; i'kalEdVi] n [U] (scientific study of) the relation of plants and living creatures to each other and to their surroundings 生态; 生态学: * Chemicals in the factory's sewage system have changed the ecology of the whole area. 这座工厂排出的化学物质改变了整个地区的生态. 派生： ecological[7i:kE'lCdVikl; 7ikE'ladVikl] adj of ecology 生态的; 生态学的: * the dangerous ecological effects of industry, eg the pollution of the atmosphere, of rivers, etc 工业对生态的危害（如空气、 河流等的污染等）. ecologically[-kli; -kli] adv. ecologist/i:'kClEdVist; i'kalEdVist] n student of or expert in ecology 生态学研究者; 生态学家.

Econ
abbr 缩写 = Economics: James Rigg MSc (ie Master of Science)(Econ) 詹姆斯．里格, 理学硕士（经济学）.

economic
[7i:kE'nCmik, 7ekE'nCmik; 7ikE'namik, 7ekE'-namik] adj 1 [attrib 作定语] of economics(1), or of an economy 经济学的; 经济的: * the government's economic policy 政府的经济政策 * economic development 经济发展 * economic sanctions, ie punishment of another country by reducing or stopping trade with it 经济制裁. 2 [attrib 作定语] connected with trade and industry 与贸易和工业有关的: * economic geography, ie studied mainly in connection with industry 经济地理. 3 designed to give a profit 为获取利润的; 有利可图的: * an economic rent, ie one that brings the owner at least as much money as he has spent on the house 有利可图的租金（给业主带来至少相当其花费於该房产的钱者） * It is not always economic for buses to run on Sundays. 公共汽车星期日行驶不一定准能赚钱.

economical
[ 9i:kE5nCmIkl, 9ekE5nCmIkl; 9ikE`nBmIkl,9ZkE`nBmIkl] adj careful in the spending of money, time, etc and in the use of resources; not wasteful 经济的; 节俭的; 省时间的; 节约的: * an economical car to run, eg one with low petrol consumption 节油汽车 * She is economical with/in her use of salt when cooking. 她烹饪时用盐很省. * an economical style of writing, ie one that does not waste words 简练的写作风格（不多费笔墨者）. > economically[-kli; -kli] adv: * His scheme is not economically sound. 他的计划在经济上欠妥.

economist
[i'kCnEmist; i'kanEmist] n student of or expert in economics 经济学研究者; 经济学家.

economize, economise
[i'kCnEmaiz; i'kanE7maiz] v [I, Ipr] ~ (on sth) save (money, time, resources, etc); spend less than before; be economical 节省（金钱、 时间、 资源等）; 紧缩开支; 节俭; 节约: * Our electricity bills are higher than we can afford we must start to economize. 我们的电费已经高得付不起了--得节省些了. * economize on petrol 节省汽油.

economy
[i'kCnEmi; i'kanEmi] n 1 [C, U] (instance of) avoidance of waste (of money, strength, time, resources, etc) （金钱、 力气、 时间、 资源等的）节省, 节约: * practise economy 实行节约 * It's an economy to buy good shoes; they cost more, but they last much longer than cheap ones. 购买质量高的鞋很经济; 虽花钱多, 但比廉价鞋耐穿得多. * [attrib 作定语] We're having an economy drive (ie making a special effort to avoid waste or misuse of resources, etc) at school. 我们学校正开展节约运动（尽 量避免浪费或滥用资源）. * an economy pack, ie a large amount of a product offered for sale at a reduced price 经济装（减价发售的大包装货品） * economy class, ie the cheapest class of (air) travel 经济舱（最低廉的客机舱位）. 2 [U] control and management of money, resources, etc of a community, society, household, etc 理财: * political economy 政治经济学 * domestic economy 国内经济. 3 [C] (often 常作 the economy) operation and management of a country's money supply, trade and industry; economic system （国家的）经济管理; 经济制度: * The state of the economy is very worrying. 目前的经济状况令人十分担忧. * The economies of Japan and China 日本和中国的经济制度.

ecosystem
[5i:kEusistEm; 5iko7sistEm] n ecological unit consisting of a group of plants and living creatures interacting with each other and with their surroundings 生态系统.

ecstasy
[5ekstEsi; 5ekstEsi] n [U, C] (feeling or state of) great joy or happiness 狂喜: * in an ecstasy of delight 欣喜若狂 * religious ecstasy 宗教的极乐境界 * be in/go into/be thrown into ecstasy/ecstasies (over sth) （对某事物）心醉神迷. 派生： ecstatic/ik'stAtik; ik'stAtik] adj causing or showing ecstasy 使人狂喜的; 欣喜若狂的: * He was ecstatic at the news of his daughter's birth. 他获悉女儿出生不禁欣喜若狂. ecstatically[-kli; -kli] adv.

ECT
[7i: si: 'ti:; 7i si 'ti] abbr 缩写 = (medical 医) electroconvulsive therapy (used eg on psychiatric patients) 电惊厥疗法, 电痉挛疗法（如施用於精神病人者）.

ectoplasm
[5ektEplAzEm; 5ektE7plAzEm] n [U] substance that is thought by some to flow from a spiritualistic medium during a trance 灵媒体外质（据信为灵媒体在恍惚状态中发出的物质）.

ECU
abbr 缩写 = European Currency Unit (of the Common Market) （欧洲共同市场的）欧洲通货单位.

ecumenical
(also oecumenical)[7i:kju:'menikl, 7ekju:-; 7ekju'menikl] adj 1 of or representing the whole Christian world or universal Church 全基督教的; 普世教会的; 大公的: * an Ecumenical Council, eg of all the Roman Catholic Church as summoned by the Pope 大公会议（如由教皇召集的全体罗马天主教会议）. 2 seeking the unity of the various Christian churches throughout the world 促进全世界基督教会联合的: * the ecumenical movement 普世教会运动. 派生： ecumenicalism[-kElizEm; -kE7lizEm] (also ecumenism/i'kju:mEnizEm; 5ekjumE7nizEm] ) n [U] belief in, or efforts towards, universal Christian unity 普世教会主义; 普世教会运动. ecumenically[-kli; -kli] adv.

eczema
[5eksimE; - ig'zi:mE; ig'zimE] n [U] skin disease causing redness, severe itching and scaling of the skin 湿疹.

Edam
[5i:dAm; - also 'i:dEm; 5idAm, 'idEm] n [U, C] hard round Dutch cheese, usu yellow with a red rind 埃丹乾酪（荷兰圆形硬乾酪, 通常为黄色, 包有红色外皮）.

eddy
[5edi; 5edi] n circular or spiral movement of water, air, fog, dust, etc （水、 空气、 雾、 尘埃等的）旋涡; 涡流: * Eddies of mist rose from the valley. 山谷中薄雾袅袅. * Eddies of dust swirled in the road. 路上尘埃滚滚. 派生： eddy v (pt, pp eddied) [I, Ip] move in or like an eddy; whirl 呈旋涡状运动; 旋转: (fig 比喻) groups of tourists eddying continually about the main square of the city 在该城主要广场上川流不息的成群旅客.

edelweiss
[5eidlvais; 5edl7vais] n (pl unchanged 复数不变) small Alpine plant with white flowers 火绒草（生长於阿尔卑斯高山地带, 开白花）.

Eden
[5i:dn; 5idn] n (also the ,garden of `Eden) (Bible 圣经) beautiful garden where Adam and Eve lived in great happiness before they disobeyed God 伊甸园（亚当与夏娃背叛上帝前所居住的美丽乐园）: * (fig 比喻) Life is no garden of Eden (ie is unpleasant) at the moment. 现时的生活并非世外桃源.

edge
1[edV; edV] n 1 sharp cutting part of a blade, knife, sword, or some other tool or weapon （刀片、 刀、 剑或其他工具或武器的）锋利部分; 刀口; 锋: * a knife with a sharp edge 锋利的刀 * put an edge on an axe, ie sharpen it 给斧子开刃（磨快）. 2 (line marking the) outside limit or boundary of a solid (flat) object, surface or area （扁的固体、 物体表面或一范围的）外围界线, 边缘: * the edge of a coin, plate, record 硬币、 盘、 唱片的边 * He fell off the edge of the cliff. 他从悬崖边上 了下来. * Don't put that glass on the edge of the table; it might fall off. 不要把那杯子放在桌边, 可能掉下来. * the water's edge 水边 * He lives at the edge of the forest. 他住在森林边上. 3 (idm 习语) give sb/get the (rough) edge of one's/sb's tongue (infml 口) speak to sb/be spoken to by sb angrily, rudely, critically, etc 痛骂某人[被某人责骂]: * Her pupils often got the rough edge of her tongue when they disobeyed her. 学生不听她的话时, 常遭到她粗暴的申斥. have, etc an `edge to one's voice have or show a degree of anger, nervousness, annoyance, etc in the way in which one speaks 言语中流露出愤怒、 不安、 厌烦等情绪: * She was trying to remain calm, but there was a distinct edge to her voice. 她竭力想保持冷静, 但她的声音中却显然带着怒气. have, etc an/the edgeon/over sb/sth (infml 口) have, etc a slight advantage over sb/sth 略胜过某人[某事物]: * The young tennis player definitely had the edge on his older opponent. 这个年轻的网球运动员显然比那个年纪大的对手略胜一筹. (be) on `edge (be) nervous, excited or irritable 紧张不安的; 兴奋的; 易怒的; 烦躁的: * She was a bit on edge till she heard he was safe. 她听到他安然无恙才放下心来. on a razor's edge => razor. set one's teeth on edge => tooth. take the edge off sth reduce, dull or soften sth 减少、 减轻或软化某物:

edge1
* I need a sandwich to take the edge off my appetite. 我需要一份叁明治以解腹中之饥. * His brother's failure took the edge off his own success. 他哥哥的失败冲淡了他自己成功的喜悦. 派生： -edged/edVd; 5edVd] (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having an edge or edges of a specified type 有某类刀口、 边缘等的: * a ,blunt-edged `knife * a,two-edged re`mark.

edgeways
[5edVweiz; 5edV7wez] (also edgewise/ 5edVwaIz; `ZdV9waIz/) adv 1 with the edge outwards or forwards; sideways 边缘向外或向前; 侧着; 斜着: * If you turn it edgeways you'll get the desk through the door. 你把书桌斜过来就能通过这道门. 2 (idm 习语) (not) get a word in edgeways => word.

edging
[5edViN; 5edViN] n [U, C] thing that forms the border or edge of sth 边缘; 边饰: * a/some lace edging on a dress 连衣裙上的花边边饰. 复合： `edging-shears n tool for trimming grass on the edges of a lawn 修剪草坪边缘的工具; 修边剪刀.

edgy
[5edVi; 5edVi] adj (infml 口) nervous; easily upset or annoyed 紧张的; 易怒的; 暴躁的: * She's been very edgy recently, waiting for the examination results. 她最近一直心绪不宁, 等待着考试的结果. * She's always been an edgy type of person. 她一向就是那种情绪紧张的人. > edgily adv. edginess n [U].

edible
[5edibl; 5edEbl] adj fit to be eaten 适宜食用的; 可以吃的: * This food is scarcely edible. 这种食物算不上能吃. * edible (ie not poisonous) wild berries 可食用的野莓（无毒的）. Cf 参看 eatable (eat).

edict
[5i:dikt; 5idikt] n order or proclamation issued by an authority 法令; 敕令; 公告: * by edict of the king 根据国王的敕令 * obey the edicts of parliament 服从议会通过的法令.

edification
[7edifi'keiFn; 7edEfE'keFEn] n [U] (fml or joc 文或谑) improvement of mind or character 开导; 启发; 陶冶; 薰陶: * I am telling you this simply for your edification. 我只是为了开导你才告诉你这件事的.

edifice
[5edifis; 5edEfis] n (fml or joc 文或谑) large or imposing building 高大的或宏伟的建 物: * the ruined edifice on the hill 山上毁坏了的大厦 * (fig 比喻) He had high ideals in his youth but gradually the whole edifice crumbled. 他年轻时曾有过崇高的理想, 但渐渐地他的全部希望都破灭了.

edify
[5edifai; 5edE7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn] (fml or joc 文或谑) improve the mind or character of (sb) 开导或启发（某人）. 派生： edifying adj morally or intellectually improving （在道德或智力方面）开导的, 启发的: edifying books 陶冶情操的书籍 * Travel is an edifying experience, especially for young people. 旅游可以使人增广见闻, 年轻人更应该多参加旅游活动.

edit
[5edit; 5edit] v [Tn] 1 prepare (a piece of writing, often another person's) for publication, eg in a book, newspaper, or magazine 编辑: * edit a Shakespeare play for use in schools 编辑一部莎士比亚剧本供学校使用 * edit a book of poetry 编辑一本诗集. 2 be responsible for planning, directing and publishing (a newspaper, magazine, etc) 主编（报纸、 杂志等）. 3 prepare (a film, tape recording, radio or television programme, book, etc) by putting together collected parts in a suitable sequence 剪辑（电影、 录音磁带、 无线电或电视节目、 书等）. 4 arrange (data) for processing by a computer （用计算机）编辑（数据）. 5 (phr v) edit sth out (of sth) remove (unwanted words, phrases, etc from a book, script, etc) in the process of editing 在编辑过程中删除（书、 手稿等中的不必要的词语等）: * They must have edited bits of the interview out. 他们一定是把这次采访的一部分删掉了.

edition
[i'diFn; i'diFEn] n 1 (a) form in which a book is published 版本: * a paperback, hard-cover, de luxe, etc edition 平装本, 硬皮本, 精装本等. (b) form in which a radio or television programme is broadcast 无线电或电视节目的广播形式. 2 total number of copies of a book, newspaper, etc issued at one time （书报等）一次发行的总数: * a first edition 初版 * a revised edition 修订版 * in its sixth edition 出至第六版 * the morning/ evening/ lunch-time edition of a newspaper 报纸的早晨版[晚间版/中午版]. Cf 参看 impression 6, reprint n.

editor
[5editE(r); 5editl] n person who edits (esp abook, newspaper, magazine, radio or television programme) or who is in charge of part of a newspaper 编辑; 编者: * the `sports, fi`nancial, `fashion editor 体育、 金融、 时装栏编辑. > editorship n [U].

editorial
[7edi'tC:riEl; 7edE'tCriEl] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of an editor 编辑的: * the editorial office 编辑部 * editorial work 编辑工作. 派生： editorial n special article in a newspaper, etc, giving an opinion on some topical issue (usu written by the editor) 社论; 社评.

EDP
[7i: di: 'pi:; 7i di 'pi] abbr 缩写 = electronic data processing 电子数据处理.

EDT
[7i: di: 'ti:; 7i di 'ti] abbr 缩写 = (US) Eastern Daylight Time 东部夏令时间. Cf 参看 EST 1.

educate
[5edVukeit; 5edVu7ket] v [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.t] ~ sb (in sth) train the mind and character of sb; teach sb; provide sb with an education 训练某人的思想和性格; 教某人; 教育某人: * The public should be educated in how to use energy more effectively. 公众应受到合理地利用能源的教育. * Parents should educate their children to behave well. 父母应当教育子女守规矩. * Where were you educated? ie Which school(s), etc did you go to? 你在哪（些）所学校学习过? =>Usage at teach用法见teach. 派生： educated[5edVukeitid; 5edVu7ketid] adj 1 having been educated 受过教育的; 受过训练的: * a highly educated woman 有高度教养的妇女 * self-educated 自修的 * educated tastes in art 在艺术方面有修养的鉴赏力. 2 (idm 习语) an ,educated `guess guess based on experience (and therefore probably correct) 根据经验做出的猜测（因此可能是正确的）. educator n person who educates (esp professionally) 教育工作者; 教育家; 训练者.

education
[7edVu'keiFn; 7edVu'keFEn] n [U] 1 (system of) training and instruction (esp of children and young people in schools, colleges, etc) designed to give knowledge and develop skills 教育; 教育体制: * A child receives its early education at home. 幼儿在家接受早期教育. * primary/secondary/tertiary/adult education 初等[中等/高等/成人]教育 * No country can afford to neglect the education of its young people. 任何国家都不能疏忽对年轻人的教育. 2 knowledge, abilities and the development of character and mental powers that result from such training （接受教育而获得的）知识, 能力, 修养, 智力: * intellectual, moral, physical, etc education 智育、 德育、 体育等. 3 field of study dealing with how to teach 教育学: * a college of education 教育学院 * a lecturer in education 教育学讲师. 派生： educational[-FEnl; -FEnl] adj of, about or providing education 教育的; 与教育有关的; 有教育意义的: * an educational magazine 教育杂志 * I found the experience most educational. 我认为这一经历极有教益. educationally[-FEnEli; -FEnEli] adv. educationist[7edVu'keiFEnist; 7edVu'keFEnist] (also educationalist[7edVu'keiFEnElist; 7edVu'keFEnlist] ) n specialist in education 教育家.

EEC
[7i: i: 'si:; 7i i 'si] abbr 缩写 = European Economic Community (the Common Market) 欧洲经济共同体（共同市场）: * join the EEC 加入欧洲经济共同体 * EEC members 欧洲经济共同体成员.

EEG
[7i: i: 'dVi:; 7i i 'dVi] abbr 缩写 = (medical 医) electroen-cephalogram: * give sb an EEG 给某人做脑电图.

eel
[i:l; il] n long snake-like fish that is difficult to catch hold of 鳗; 鳗鲡; 白鳝: * jellied eels, ie cooked and eaten cold in a savoury jelly 鳗鱼冻.

eerie
(also eery)[5iEri; 5iri] adj (-ier, -iest) causing a feeling of mystery and fear 引起神秘和恐怖感觉的; 可怕的; 怪异的: * an eerie scream 恐怖的尖叫 * an eerie silence 可怕的沉寂. > eerily[5iErEli; 5irili] adv. eeriness[5iErinis; 5irinis] n [U].

eff
[ef; ef] v ( euph 讳, 婉) (phr v) eff off go away; fuck off 走开; 滚开: * I told him to eff off. 我叫他滚蛋. > effing adj: * It's an effing nuisance. 真是混帐事.

efface
[i'feis; i'fes] v [Tn] (fml 文) 1 rub or wipe (sth) out; cause to fade 擦去, 抹掉（某事物）; 使淡薄; 使逐渐消失: * Time and weather had long ago effaced the inscription on the monument. 岁月和风雨早已磨掉纪念碑上的铭文. * Time alone will efface those unpleasant memories. 只有时间才能使人淡忘那些不快的记忆. 2 ~ oneself keep in the background in order to escape being noticed; make oneself appear unimportant 使自己不被人注意; 使自己显得无足轻重. > effacement n [U].

effect
[i'fekt; i'fekt] n 1 [C, U] ~ (on sb/sth) change produced by an action or cause; result or outcome 效应; 结果; 後果: * the effects of heat on metal 热对金属产生的效应 * Did the medicine have any effect/a good effect? 这药有什麽疗效[疗效好]吗? * The film had quite an effect on her. 这影片对她影响极大. * I tried to persuade him, but with little or no effect. 我尽力劝他, 他根本不听. 2 [C, U] impression produced on the mind of the spectator, listener, reader, etc (esp in plays, films, broadcasts, paintings, etc) （观众、 听众、 读者等）头脑 中所产生的印象（尤指在戏剧、 电影、 广播、 绘画等方面）: * The general effect of the painting is overwhelming. 这幅画给人总的印象是很有气势. * The stage lighting gives the effect of a moonlit scene. 舞台灯光产生月夜景色的效果. * She only dresses like that for the effect it creates/for effect. 她仅仅为了装样子才那样打扮. * The science fiction film had some marvellous special effects. 这部科幻电影有些特殊效果美妙绝伦. 3 effects [pl] (fml or law 文或律) personal property; possessions 个人财产; 财物: * personal effects 个人财产 * household effects 家庭财物. 4 (idm 习语) bring/put sth into ef`fect cause sth to come into use 使某物开始使用: * The new system will soon be put into effect. 新系统即将启用. come into ef`fect (esp of laws, rules, etc ) reach the stage of being in use （尤指法律、 规则等）实行, 实施: * The new seat-belt regulations came into effect last week. 新的安全带规则上周开始实施. give effect to sth (fml 文) cause sth to become active or produce a result 使某事物实行起来; 使生效: * The new ruling gives effect to the recommendations of the special committee. 这一新裁定使特别委员会的推荐生效. in ef`fect (a) for practical purposes; in fact 实际上; 事实上: * The two systems are, in effect, identical. 这两种制度实际上一模一样.

effect1
(b) (of a rule, law, etc) in use （指规则、 法律等）有效: * Some ancient laws are still in effect. 有些古时的法律现在仍然有效. of/to no ef`fect not having the result intended or hoped for 没有预期的或希望的结果; 无效: * My warning was of no effect. 我的警告无济於事. * We warned them, but to no effect. 我们警告过他们, 但完全没用. strain after effects/an effect => strain1. take ef`fect (a) produce the result intended or required 产生预期的或要求的结果; 生效: * The aspirins soon took effect. 服下的阿司匹林药片很快见效了. (b) come into force or use; become active 实施; 实行; 起作用: * The new law takes effect from tomorrow. 新法令明日起实行. to good, etc ef`fect producing a good, etc result or impression 产生好的等结果或印象: * The room shows off her paintings to good effect. 这个房间把她绘画的优点充分显示出来. to this/that ef`fect with this/that meaning or information 有这样[那样]的意思或内容: * He told me to get out, or words to that effect. 他说了一句叫我走开之类的话. to the effect that... with the meaning, or giving the information, that... 大意为...: * He left a note to the effect that he would not be returning. 他留下一张字条, 大意是说他不回来了. 派生： effect v [Tn] (fml 文) bring (sth) about; cause to occur 使（某事物）产生; 使发生; 引起: effect a cure, a change, a sale 产生疗效、 引起变化、 实行大减价. =>Usage at affect1 用法见affect1.

effective
[i'fektiv; i'fektiv] adj 1 (a) having an effect; producing the intended result 有效的; 产生预期结果的: * effective measures to reduce unemployment 减少失业的有效措施 * The law is no longer effective. 该法令已失效. (b) making a striking impression 产生深刻印象的: * a very effective colour scheme 非常醒目的色调 * an effective speech 精彩的演说. 2 [attrib 作定语] (a) actual or existing 实际的; 实在的; 现有的: * the effective membership of a society 现有的全体会员. (b) fit for service or work 适於承担任务或工作的: * the effective strength of the army 军队的战斗力. 派生： effectively adv 1 in an effective way 有效地. 2 for practical purposes; in effect 事实上; 实际上: This means that effectively we have no chance of finishing on time. 这意味着我们实际上没有可能准时完成. effectiveness n [U].

effectual
[i'fektFuEl; i'fektFuEl] adj (fml 文) (not used of people) producing the intended result （不用於指人）产生预期结果的, 有效的: * take effectual action, measures, steps, etc 采取有效行动、 措施、 步骤等. > effectually[-Eli; -Eli] adv.

effeminate
[i'feminEt; i'femEnit] adj (derog 贬) (of a man or his behaviour) like a woman; unmanly （指男人或其行为）像女人的; 没男子气的: * an effeminate manner, voice, walk 像女人的举止、 声音、 走路姿态.> effeminacy/i'feminEsi; i'femEnEsi] n [U]. effeminately[-li; -li] adv.

effervesce
[7efE'ves; 7efl'ves] v 1 [I] (of a liquid) release bubbles of gas; fizz （指液体）释放出气泡, 嘶嘶起泡. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) (fml 文) (of people) be happy, lively and excited （指人）愉快、 活跃而兴奋.> effervescence[7efE'vesns; 7efl'vesns] n [U]. effervescent[-snt; -snt] adj.

effete
[i'fi:t; i'fit] adj (a) weak, having lost power衰弱的; 丧失权力的: * an effete civilization, empire, government, etc 衰落的文明、 没落的帝国、 软弱的政府. (b) lacking vitality and strength; feeble 缺乏活力和力量的; 虚弱的: * an effete young man 无精打彩的年轻人. > effeteness n [U].

efficacious
[7efi'keiFEs; 7efE'keFEs] adj (fml 文) (not of people) producing the desired result; effective （不用以指人）有效的: * an efficacious treatment, medicine, etc 有效的治疗、 药品等. 派生： efficaciously adv. efficacy[5efikEsi; 5efEkEsi] n [U] state or quality of being efficacious 有效性; 效能; 功效: * test the efficacy of a new drug 测试新药的效能.

efficient
[i'fiFnt; i'fiFEnt] adj 1 (of people) able to work well; capable （指人）能胜任的; 有能力的: * an efficient secretary, teacher, administrator, etc 能干的秘书、 教师、 行政人员等 * He's efficient at his job. 他胜任工作. 2 (esp of tools, machines, systems, etc) producing a satisfactory result without wasting time or energy （尤指工具, 机器, 系统等）有效力的: * an efficient new filing system 有效的新归档系统. 派生： efficiency/i'fiFnsi; i'fiFEnsi] n [U] state or quality of being efficient 能力; 效力; 效能. efficiently[-li; -li] adv: * get industry running more efficiently 使工业经营管理效率更高.

effigy
[5efidVi; 5efEdVi] n 1 [C] carved figure or model representing a person or animal （人或动物的）雕像, 肖像, 模拟像: * stone effigies of Buddha 石雕佛像 * On 5 November British children burn effigies of Guy Fawkes. 每逢11月5日英国儿童都焚烧盖伊．福克斯的模拟像. 2 (idm 习语) in effigy as a model 作为模拟像: * burn sb in effigy, ie make a model of sb and burn it as a sign of hatred, etc 烧某人的模拟像（ 愤等）.

efflorescence
[7eflC:'resns; 7eflC'resns] n [U] (fml esp fig 文, 尤作比喻) action or time of bursting into flower 开花; 花期: * a period of great efflorescence in the arts 艺术的全盛时期. > efflorescent[-snt; -snt] adj.

effluent
[5efluEnt; 5efluEnt] n 1 [U, C] (discharge of) liquid waste matter, sewage, etc, eg from a factory into a river 废液、 污水等（的排放）（如从工厂排到河流）: * The effluent from the factory makes the river unsafe for swimming. 工厂放出的废水把这条河弄得不能游泳了. 2 [C] stream flowing from a larger stream or from a lake （从河或湖中流出的）支流, 小水流.

effort
[5efEt; 5eflt] n 1 [U] use of (much) strength and energy (to do sth) （做某事物使用的）力量和精力: * a waste of time and effort 时间和精力的浪费 * They lifted the heavy rock without effort. 他们没费劲就把那块沉重的石头抬起来了. * He must put more effort into his work. 他必须更加努力工作. 2 [C] ~ (to do sth) energetic attempt; struggle 努力; 奋斗: * His efforts were much appreciated. 大家都夸他很努力. * It was a real effort to stay awake through the film. 真要强打着精神才能看完整部电影. * I will make every effort (ie do all I can) to arrive on time. 我将尽一切努力准时到达. 3 [C] result of an attempt 努力的结果: * That's a good effort, ie That has been well done. 这事干得不错. 派生： effortless adj needing no or little effort 不需努力的; 不费力的: She plays with seemingly effortless skill. 她演奏得似乎毫不费力. effortlessly adv. effortlessness n [U].

effrontery
[i'frQntEri; i'frQntEri] n (a) [U] boldness or rudeness without shame; impertinence 厚颜无耻; 傲慢; 鲁莽; 无礼: * He had the effrontery to say I was lying. 他竟敢说我撒谎. (b) [C esp pl 尤作复数] (fml 文) instance of this 厚颜无耻的行为; 傲慢鲁莽的举止: * Everyone is tired of their blatant effronteries. 大家都厌恶他们粗俗.

effusion
[i'fju:Vn; i'fjuVEn] n 1 (fml 文) (a) [U] pouring out, esp of liquid 倾出; 流出: * an effusion of blood 流血. (b) [C] quantity poured out 流出的量. 2 [C] (usu derog 通常作贬义) (esp unrestrained) pouring out of thoughts and feelings in words （尤指无约束的）思想和感情的流露; 抒发感情: * poetical effusions 诗情奔放 * effusions in love letters 情书中的绵绵情意.

effusive
[i'fju:siv; i'fjusiv] adj (often derog 常作贬义) showing (too much) feeling; too emotional （过分）流露感情的; 太动感情的: * Her effusive thanks embarrassed everybody. 她道谢时非常激动, 弄得大家不好意思. > effusively adv. effusiveness n [U].

EFL
[7i: ef 'el; 7i ef 'el] abbr 缩写 = (teaching, learning or studying) English as a Foreign Language 作为外语的英语（教学或研究）. Cf 参看 ESL.

EFTA
(also Efta)[5eftE; 5eftE] abbr 缩写 = European Free Trade Association 欧洲自由贸易联盟: * In 1972 Britain left EFTA and joined the EEC. 1972年英国脱离欧洲自由贸易联盟, 加入了欧洲经济共同体.

eg
[7i: 'dVi:; 7i 'dVi] abbr 缩写 = for example; for instance (Latin exempli gratia) 例如（源自拉丁文exempli gratia）: * popular pets, eg dogs, cats, rabbits, etc 大家喜爱的宠物, 如狗、 猫、 兔等. =>Usage at viz 用法见viz.

egalitarian
[i7gAli'teEriEn; i7gAlE'teriEn] n, adj (person) showing or holding a belief in equal rights, benefits and opportunities for everybody 平等主义的; 平等主义者: * an egalitarian attitude to voting 对投票持平等主义的态度. > egalitarianism[-izEm; -izEm] n [U]

egg
1[eg; eg] n 1 [C] in female mammals the cell from which the young is formed; ovum 卵; 卵子; 卵细胞: * The male sperm fertilizes the female egg. 雄性的精子使雌性的卵子受精. 2 (a) [C] oval object from which young are hatched, laid by birds, reptiles, insects, etc and usu covered by a thin hard shell （鸟类、 爬行动物、 昆虫等产的）卵, 蛋: * The hen laid a large brown egg. 这只母鸡下了一个大红皮蛋. * The blackbird's nest contained four eggs. 黑鹂巢里有四个蛋. * ants' eggs 蚂蚁卵. =>illus 见插图. (b) [U, C] (contents of) this, esp from a hen, used as food （用作食物的）蛋; （尤指）鸡蛋: * You've got some egg (ie a bit of cooked egg) on your shirt. 你衬衫上沾了些鸡蛋. * Do you want a boiled egg for breakfast? 你早饭要吃煮鸡蛋吗? * ducks' eggs 鸭蛋. 3 (idm 习语) a bad `egg/`lot (dated infml 旧, 口) person considered to be dishonest and unreliable 不忠诚和不可信任的人; 坏蛋; 坏人. a curate's egg => curate. get, have, be left with, etc `egg on/all over one's face (infml 口) appear foolish 显得愚蠢: * He was left with egg all over his face when his forecast was proved wrong. 他的预言证实是错的, 他显得很尴尬. kill the goose that lays the golden egg => kill. make an omelette without breaking eggs => omelette. ,put all one's ,eggs in/into one `basket risk everything one has on the success of one plan, eg by putting all one's money into one business 孤注一掷（如将所有的钱投入一项生意上）. teach one's grandmother to suck eggs => teach. 复合： `egg-beater n = egg-whisk. `egg-cup n small cup for holding a boiled egg 蛋杯（盛煮鸡蛋的小杯）. =>illus 见插图. `egghead n (infml derog 口, 贬) very intellectual person 很有学问的人: The eggheads at the university know nothing about business. 大学的饱学之士对做生意一窍不通. `egg-plant n [C, U] (esp US) = aubergine.

egg1
`eggshell n hard thin outer part of an egg 蛋壳. eggshell `china very fine thin type of china 非常薄的细瓷器. eggshell `paint type of paint that is neither glossy nor matt 蛋壳漆（一种光泽既不亮又不暗的漆）. `egg-timer n device for measuring time when boiling eggs 煮蛋计时器. `egg-whisk (also `egg-beater) n device for beating eggs 打蛋器.

eglantine
[5eglEntain; 5eglEn7tain] (also sweet-briar) n [U] type of wild rose 多花蔷薇; 野蔷薇.

egocentric
[7egEu'sentrik; - 7i:g-; 7igo'sentrik] adj considering only oneself; self-centred 只考虑自己的;以自我为中心的. > egocentricity[-sen'trisEti;-sen'trisEti] n [U].

egoism
[5egEuizEm; - 'i:g-; 5igo7izEm] n [U] 1 (usu derog 通常作贬义) state of mind in which one is always thinking about oneself and what is best for oneself 总考虑个人和个人利益; 自私自利. 2 (philosophy 哲) theory that our actions are always caused by a wish to benefit ourselves 利己主义; 自我主义. Cf 参看 altruism. 派生： egoist[-ist; -ist] n person who believes in or shows egoism 自私自利的人; 利己主义者; 自我主义者. egoistic[7egEu'istik; - 7i:g-; 7igo'istik] , egoistical[-kl; -kEl/ adjs of an egoist 自私自利的; 利己主义者的; 自我主义者的: * an egoistic act 自私自利的行为. egoistically[-kli; -kli] adv.

egotism
[5egEutizEm; - 'i:g-; 5igE7tizEm] n [U] (usu derog 通常作贬义) practice of talking too often or too much about oneself; selfishness 自我中心; 自私自利. 派生： egotist[-tist; -tist] n person who practises or shows egotism; selfish person 自我中心者; 自私自利者. egotistic[7egE'tistik; - 7i:g-; 7igE'tistik] , egotistical[-kl; -kl] adjs of egotism; of or like an egotist 利己主义的; 利己主义者的; 似自私自利者的. egotistically[-klI; -klI/ adv.

egregious
[i'gri:dViEs; i'gridViEs] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (fml 文) (usu of sb/sth bad 通常指坏人[坏事物]) exceptional; outstanding 异乎寻常的; 突出的; 显着的: * egregious incompetence, cowardice, etc 极其无能、 胆怯...的表现 * an egregious fool 大傻瓜.> egregiously adv.

egress
[5i:gres; 5igres] n 1 [U] (law 律) (right of) going out 外出; 外出权. 2 [C] (dated fml 旧, 文) way out; exit 出路; 出口. Cf 参看 ingress.

egret
[5i:grit; 5igrit] n type of heron with beautiful long white tail-feathers 白鹭.

eh
[ei; e] interj (infml 口) (used to express surprise or doubt, to invite agreement, or to ask for sth to be repeated 用以表示惊奇或怀疑、 徵求同意或请求重复某事): * `That was a good film, eh?’ ‘那是一部好影片, 对吗?’ * `I want to go home!’ `Eh?’ `I said I want to go home!’ ‘我想回家!’‘嗯?’‘我说我想回家!’

eiderdown
[5aidEdaun; 5aidldaun] n quilt for a bed filled with soft feathers or other soft material 用羽绒或其他轻软物填充的被褥. Cf 参看 duvet.

eight
[eit; et] pron, det 8; one more than seven 8, 八（个）. =>App 4 见附录4. 派生： eight n 1 the number 8 *8;八. 2 crew of eight people in a rowing boat 划艇的八人一组的船员: Is the Oxford eight winning? 牛津的划艇队能赢吗? 3 (idm 习语) have had ,one over the `eight (infml 口) be slightly drunk 微醉. eight- (in compounds 用以构成复合词) having eight of the thing specified 有八个...的. eighth/eitW; etW] pron, det 8th; next after seventh 第8, 第八（个）. n one of eight equal parts of sth 八分之一. 复合： eightsome[5eitsEm; 5etsEm] n 1 group of eight people 八人一组. 2 game played by eight people 八人玩的游戏. 3 (also ,eightsome `reel) lively Scottish dance for eight dancers 八人跳的轻快的苏格兰舞. For the uses of eight and eighth see the examples at five and fifth. 关於eight和eighth的用法见five和fifth词条中的示例.

eighteen
[7ei'ti:n; e'tin] pron, det 18; one more than seventeen 18, 十八（个）. =>App 4 见附录4. 派生： eighteen n the number 18 *18;十八. eighteenth[7ei'ti:nW; e'tinW] pron, det 18th; next after seventeenth 第18, 第十八（个）. n one of eighteen equal parts of sth 十八分之一. For the uses of eighteen and eighteenth see the examples at five and fifth. 关於eighteen和eighteenth的用法见five和fifth词条中的示例.

eighty
[5eiti; 5eti] pron, det 80; one more than seventy-nine 80, 八十（个）. =>App 4 见附录4. 派生： eightieth[5eitiEW; 5etiiW] pron, det 80th; next after seventy-ninth 第80, 第八十（个）. n one of eighty equal parts of sth 八十分之一. eighty n 1 [C] the number 80 *80;八十. 2 the eighties [pl] numbers, years or temperature from 80 to 89 从80到89的数目、 年数或温度. 3 (idm 习语) in one's eighties between the ages of 80 and 90 在80岁到90岁之间. For the uses of eighty and eightieth see the examples at fifty, five and fifth. 关於eighty和eightieth的用法见fifty、 five和fifth词条中的示例.

eisteddfod
[7ai'steTvCd; ai'steTvad] n annual gathering in Wales where poets and musicians compete 在威尔士举行的诗人与音乐家的比赛年会.

either
[5aiTE(r), 'i:TE(r); 5iTl] indef det, indef pron one or the other of two （两者中的）一个. (a) (det): * You can park on either side of the street. 在街道的哪边停车都可以. * Keep either one of the forms. 两张表格保留哪张都行. * There's a staircase at either end (ie both ends) of the corridor. 走廊两端都有楼梯. (b) (pron) (used with a sing v 与单数动词连用): * I've bought two cakes you can have either. 我买了两块蛋糕--你要哪块都行. * Take one of the books on the table either of them will do. 从桌上拿一本书--两本中哪本都可以. 派生： either indef adv 1 (used after two negative vs 用於两个否定式之後): I don't like the red shirt and I don't like the green one either, ie I dislike both the red shirt and the green one. 我不喜欢这件红衬衫, 也不喜欢这件绿衬衫. * Mary won't go and Peter won't go either. 玛丽不去, 彼得也不去. (Cf 参看...and neither will Peter. ) * He can't hear and he can hardly speak either. 他既听不见也几乎不能说话. =>Usage at also用法见also. 2 (used to emphasize a negative phrase 用於强调含否定意义的短语): I know a good Italian restaurant. It's not far from here, either. 我知道一家很好的意大利餐馆, 离这儿并不远. 3 either...or... (used to show a choice of two alternatives 用於表示在两个可能性中任择其一): either French or Spanish 或法国的或西班牙的 * I left it either on the table or in the drawer. 我不是把它放在桌子上了, 就是放在抽屉里了. * You can either write or phone to request a copy. 既可以写信也可以打电话索取一本.

ejaculate
[i'dVAkjuleit; i'dVAkjE7let] v 1 [I] eject or rapidly discharge fluid, esp semen, from the body （从体内）射出或迅速排出液体; （尤指）射精. 2 [I, Tn] (fml 文) say (sth) suddenly and briefly; exclaim 突然而简短地说（某事）; 呼喊. 派生： ejaculation/i7dVAkju'leiFn; i7dVAkjE'leFEn] n 1 [C, U] sudden discharge or ejection of fluid, esp semen, from the body 从体内突然排出或射出液体; （尤指）射精. 2 [C] (fml 文) thing said suddenly and briefly; exclamation 突然说出的简短的话; 呼喊: * an ejaculation of surprise 突然的惊叫.

eject
[i'dVekt; i'dVekt] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (from sth) (fml 文) force sb/sth out; expel sb/sth 强迫某人[某物]出去; 驱逐; 逐出某人[某物]: * The noisy youths were ejected from the cinema. 吵闹的青年人都已从影院驱逐出去. * Cartridges are ejected from the gun after firing. 开枪後子弹壳从枪膛弹出. 2 [Tn] send (sth) out, usu violently or suddenly 喷出（某物）: * lava ejected from a volcano 从火山喷出的熔岩. 3 [I, Ipr] ~ (from sth) be thrown quickly from an aircraft in an emergency, so that one can descend by parachute 在紧急情况下将人从飞行器中弹出（以便用降落伞降落）: * As the plane fell rapidly towards the ground, the pilot had to eject. 在飞机迅速落向地面时, 驾驶员只得弹射出来. 派生： ejection/i'dVekFn; i'dVekFEn] n [U]. ejector/i'dVektE(r); i'dVektl] n device for ejecting people or things 弹射器（弹射人或物的装置）. ejector seat (US also ejection seat) seat in an aircraft that allows the pilot to eject(3) （飞行器上的）弹射座椅.

eke
[i:k; ik] v (phr v) eke sth out (a) make a small supply of sth last longer by adding sth else to it or by using it sparingly 使小量物品用的时间长（靠节省用量或以他物弥补）: * They eked out their coal by collecting firewood. 他们拣拾木柴以补充煤的不足. (b) manage to make (a living) laboriously by doing this 竭力维持（生活）: * eking out a meagre existence 勉强维持贫困的生活.

elaborate
[i'lAbErEt; i'lAbErit] adj very detailed and complicated; carefully prepared and finished 详尽而复杂的; 精心制作的: * elaborate plans 详尽的计划 * an elaborate hairstyle 复杂的发型 * an elaborate five-course meal 有五道菜的一顿盛馔. 派生： elaborate/i'lAbEreit; i'lAbE7ret] 1 v [Tn] (fml 文) work (sth) out in detail 详细制定（某事物）: * Please elaborate your plan. 请做出详细的计划. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (on sth) describe or explain sth in detail 详尽解释或说明某事; 阐述: * You understand the situation; I needn't elaborate any further. 你了解形势, 我无须赘述. elaboration/i7lAbE'reiFn; i7lAbE'reFEn] n 1 [U] working sth out, or discussing sth, in detail 详细制定, 详尽讨论某事物: * the further elaboration of a theory 对一理论的深入探讨. 2 [C] additional, usu unnecessary, detail 附加细节（通常为不必要的）: * The elaborations of the plot made it a difficult book to read. 这本书因内容节外生枝而很难懂. elaborately adv: an elaborately decorated room 精心布置的房间. elaborateness n [U] state of being elaborate 详尽; 复杂; 精心制作.

elan
[ei'la:n; e'lD] n [U] (French 法) vivacity; impetuousity; enthusiasm 活力; 冲动; 热情: * performing with great elan 演出声情并茂.

eland
[5i:lEnd; 5ilEnd] n large African antelope 大角斑羚（非洲大羚羊）.

elapse
[i'lAps; i'lAps] v [I] (fml 文) (of time) pass （指时间）过去, 消逝: * Three years have elapsed since we last met. 我们上次相见至今已过了叁年.

elastic
[i'lAstik; i'lAstik] adj 1 returning to its normal or previous size or shape after being pulled or pressed 有弹性的; 弹力的: * a bra with elastic straps 有松紧带的乳罩 * Rubber is elastic. 橡皮有弹性. 2 (fig 比喻) not fixed or unalterable; adaptable; flexible 非固定的或不可改变的; 适应性强的; 灵活的: * Our plans are fairly elastic. 我们的计划相当灵活. 派生： elastic n [U] 1 elastic cord or material, usu made with rubber thread 松紧带: The elastic in my pants has gone, ie has broken or perished. 我裤子的松紧带坏了（断了或老化了）. * [attrib 作定语] an elastic bandage 弹性 带. 2 (US) = rubber band (rubber). elasticate/i'lAstikeit; i'lAstE7ket] v [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] insert elastic into (a fabric or garment) 将松紧带插入（织物或衣服）: * a dress with an elasticated top 上部有松紧带的连衣裙 * an elasticated belt 有松紧带的腰带. elasticity[7elA'stisEti; - i7lA-; i7lAs'tisEti] n [U] quality of being elastic 弹性; 弹力; 灵活性; 适应性. 复合： e,lastic `band (US) = rubber band (rubber).

Elastoplast
[i'lAstEpla:st, -plAst; i'lAstE7plAst] n [U] (Brit propr 专利名) adhesive dressing for cuts, etc 弹性 带.

elated
[i'leitid; i'letid] adj ~ (at/by sth) in high spirits; very happy or proud 情绪高昂的; 兴高采烈的; 非常愉快或自豪的: * an elated smile 沾沾自喜的微笑 * She was elated at/by the news. 她听到这个消息喜出望外. 派生： elatedly/i'leitidli; i'letidli] adv. elation/i'leiFn; i'leFEn] n [U] high spirits; joy 兴高采烈; 欢欣鼓舞: * She was filled with elation when her daughter was born. 她女儿出生时她十分欢喜.

elbow
[5elbEu; 5el7bo] n 1 (outer part of the) joint where the arm bends 肘; 肘部: * He sat with his elbows on the table. 他双肘支在桌上坐着. =>illus at human 见human之插图. 2 part of the sleeve of a coat, jacket, etc which covers this （衣服的）肘部: * a jacket patched at the elbows 肘部打补丁的夹克. 3 sharp bend in a pipe, chimney, etc that is shaped like an elbow （形状似肘的）管子, 烟囱等的弯处; 弯管; 弯头. 4 (idm 习语) at one's `elbow very near; within reach 非常近; 可够得着. give sb/get the `elbow (infml 口) (cause sb to) be dismissed or rejected （使某人）被排斥或被拒绝: * She gave me the elbow when she started going out with Roger. 她开始与罗杰外出约会, 就把我撇开了. more power to sb's elbow => power. not know one's arse from one's elbow => know. out at (the) `elbows (a) (of a garment) old and full of holes （指衣服）捉襟见肘的. (b) (of a person) in old shabby clothes; badly dressed （指人）穿破旧衣服的, 衣衫褴褛的. 派生： elbow v (phr v) elbow sb out of the `way/a`side push sb to one side with the elbows 用肘将某人推到一边: He elbowed me out of the way. 他用肘部把我挤到一边. elbow one's way into, through, etc (sth) force (one's way) in a specified direction by using one's elbows 用肘朝某一方向强行开路: He elbowed his way through the crowd. 他用肘开路, 从人群中挤出. * She elbowed her way forward. 她用肘开路向前走. 复合： `elbow-grease n [U] (infml 口) hard manual work, esp vigorous polishing or cleaning 费劲的体力活儿; （尤指）擦拭: If you used a bit of elbow-grease you could get those boots clean. 只要稍用些力就能把那双靴子擦乾净. `elbow-room n [U] space in which one can move freely 可以自由活动的空间: I need (some) more elbow-room. 我需要大一些的活动空间.

elder
1[5eldE(r); 5eldl] adj 1 (a) [attrib 作定语] (of people; esp two closely related members of a family) older; senior （指人, 尤指家庭中两个关系密切的成员）年长的, 年龄较大的: * my elder brother 我的哥哥 * her elder daughter, ie the first-born of her two daughters 她的大女儿. (b) the elder (used without an immediately following n to refer to an earlier or later n 後面不紧接名词, 用以指前面或後面的名词) the older person, etc (of two) （两人中）年长者: * He is the elder of my two brothers. 他是我两兄弟中年岁较大的. * There go my two sons. Can you guess which is the elder? 那是我的两个儿子. 你能猜出哪个大吗? 2 the elder (fml 文) (used before or after sb's name to distinguish him from another person with the same name 用於某人名字之前或之後, 以区别与之同名者): * Pitt the elder 大皮特 * the elder Pitt 大皮特. Cf 参看 young 3. 派生： elder n 1 my, etc elder [sing] person older than me, etc 比我等年长的人: He is her elder by several years. 他比她大几岁. 2 elders [pl] people of greater age and authority 年迈而有权威的人: the village elders, ie the old and respected people of the village 村中德高望重的前辈 * Traditions were passed on by the elders of the tribe. 部族的传统由长者承袭相传. 3 [C] official in a Presbyterian church （长老会中的）长老. 4 (idm 习语) one's (elders and) betters => better3 3. 复合： ,elder `statesman old and respected politician; person, usu retired, whose advice is still valued because of his long experience 政界元老（年迈而受尊重的政治家）; 老顾问（因经验丰富而其意见仍受重视的人, 通常指退休者）. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: The usual comparative and superlative forms of old are older and oldest *old通常的比较级和最高级形式是older和oldest: My brother is older than me. 我哥哥比我年龄大. * The cathedral is the oldest building in the city. 这座大教堂是城里最古老的建 . When comparing the ages of people, especially of members of a family, elder and eldest are often used, as adjectives and pronouns. 在比较人的年龄时, 特别是对於家庭成员, 经常使用elder和eldest, 用作形容词和代词. They cannot be used with than and as adjectives they can only be used before the noun 这两个词不可与than连用; 作形容词时, 只能用於名词前: My elder sister lives in Canada. 我姐姐住在加拿大.

elder1
* He was the elder of her two sons. 他是她两个儿子中的长子. * I'm the eldest in the family. 我是全家年纪最大的.

elderly
[5eldEli; 5eldlli] adj (often euph 常作委婉语) (of people) rather old; past middle age （指人）相当老的, 过了中年的, 上了年纪的: * He's very active for an elderly man. 按老年人来说, 他非常活跃. =>Usage at old 用法见old.

eldest
[5eldist; 5eldist] adj [attrib 作定语], n (of people,esp of three or more closely related members of a family) first-born; oldest （指人, 尤指家中同辈的至少叁个成员中的）第一个出生的, 年长的: * Jill is my eldest daughter. 吉尔是我的长女. * Jill is the eldest of my three children. 吉尔是我叁个孩子中年龄最大的. * Jill is the eldest of three, ie the oldest child in a family with three children. 吉尔是一家叁个孩子中最大的. * Jill is my eldest. 吉尔是我的大孩子. =>Usage at elder1 用法见elder1.

eldorado
[7eldE'ra:dEu; 7eldE'rado] n (pl ~s) imaginary land or city rich in precious metals 想像中的黄金国或黄金市.

elect
[i'lekt; i'lekt] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.n, Cn.t] ~ sb (to sth) choose sb by vote 选举某人: * They elected a new president. 他们选举出一位新总统. * She was elected to parliament last year. 她去年被选进议会. * We elected James (to be) chairman. 我们选出詹姆斯当主席. 2 [Tt] (fml 文) choose or decide (to do sth) 选择或决定（做某事）: * She elected to become a lawyer. 她决定当律师. 派生： elect adj (after the n) chosen for a position but not yet occupying it （在名词後）当选而尚未就职的: the president elect 候任总统. the elect n [pl v] (fml 文) people specially selected as the best 特别精选出来的人.

election
[i'lekFn; i'lekFEn] n [U, C] (instance of) choosing or selection by vote (of candidates for a position, esp a political office) 选举（尤指从政）: * In America, presidential elections are held every four years.美国总统选举每四年举行一次. * He's standing for election. 他是候选人. * [attrib 作定语] the election results 选举结果. 派生： electioneering/i7lekFE'niEriN; i7lekFEn'iriN] n [U] activity of trying to influence voters in an election by canvassing, making speeches, etc 竞选活动.

elective
[i'lektiv; i'lektiv] adj 1 [usu attrib 通常作定语] having the power to elect 有选举权的: * an elective assembly 有选举权的大会. 2 chosen or filled by election 选任的; 由选举产生的: * an elective office 选任的职位. 3 (esp of an American university course, etc) not compulsory; optional （尤指美国大学课程等）非强迫的, 任选的, 选修的: * elective subjects 选修科目. 4 not urgently necessary 非急需的: * elective surgery 非急需施行的手术. 派生： elective n (esp US) optional course or subject studied at school or college 学校的选修课或选修科目: She is taking French as an elective next year. 她明年选修法语.

elector
[i'lektE(r); i'lektl] n person who has the right to vote in an election 有选举权的人; 选民: * Many electors didn't vote today because of the bad weather. 由於天气恶劣, 许多选民今天没有投票. 派生： electoral/i'lektErEl; i'lektErEl] adj [attrib 作定语] of elections or electors 选举的; 选民的: * the electoral register/roll, ie list of the electors in an area 选民登记册 * In the USA the Electoral College elects the president. 美国总统由总统选举团选举产生. electorate/i'lektErEt; i'lektErit] n [CGp] all the qualified electors considered as a group 全体选民: * The electorate is/are disillusioned. 全体选民大失所望.

electr(o)-
comb form 构词成分 of electricity 电的: electrocardiogram * electrolysis.

electric
[i'lektrik; i'lektrik] adj 1 [attrib 作定语] (a) producing electricity 发电的: * an electric generator 发电机. (b) produced by electricity 由电产生的: * an electric current 电流. =>App 11 见附录11. (c) used in the conveying of electricity 用於导电的: * an electric plug, socket, flex, etc 电源插头、 插座、 皮线等. (d) using electrical power 使用电力的: * an electric cooker, iron, light, etc 电炉、 电熨斗、 电灯等. 2 (fig 比喻) causing sudden excitement, esp in a group of people 使人（尤指人群）突然兴奋的: * an electric atmosphere 令人激动的气氛 * The news had an electric effect. 这消息顿时使群情激昂. 复合： e,lectric `blanket blanket that is warmed electrically 电热毯. the e,lectric `chair (in the US) chair in which criminals are executed by electrocution （美国）电椅（以电刑处死罪犯的椅子）. e,lectric `eye (infml 口) = photoelectric cell (photoelectric). e,lectric `field (physics 物) area near an electric charge, in which a force is exerted on another charged particle 电场. e,lectric `razor = shaver (shave). e,lectric `shock (also shock) effect of a sudden discharge of electricity through the body 触电; 电休克; 电震; 电击: I got an electric shock from that faulty light switch. 那个有毛病的电灯开关把我电了一下. e,lectric `storm violent atmospheric disturbance that produces electricity 电暴.

electrical
[i'lektrikl; i'lektrikl] adj of or concerned with electricity 电的; 与电有关的: * electrical engineering 电机工程 * This machine has an electrical fault. 这台机器有电器故障. > electrically[-kli; -kli] adv: * an electrically powered drill 电钻.

electrician
[i7lek'triFn; i7lek'triFEn] n person whosejob is to install, operate, repair, etc electrical equipment 电工: * Our washing machine has broken; I'll ring the electrician. 我们的洗衣机坏了, 我得给电工打电话. * We need an electrician to mend the iron. 我们要请电工修理熨斗.

electricity
[i7lek'trisEti; i7lek'trisEti] n [U] 1 form of energy occurring in certain particles (electrons and protons) and hence in larger bodies, since they contain these 电. 2 supply of such energy in the form of electric current for lighting, heating, driving machines, etc 电流: * Don't leave the lights on it wastes electricity. 走时要随手关灯--以免浪费电. * When did the village first get electricity? 这个村何时通的电? 3 branch of science concerned with the study of this form of energy 电学.

electrify
[i'lektrifai; i'lektrE7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn] 1 charge (sth) with electricity 给（某物）充电. 2 convert (a railway, etc) to the use of electric power 使（铁路等）改用电力; 使电气化. 3 (fig 比喻) stimulate (sb) as if by electricity; excite suddenly; startle 犹如以电刺激（某人）; 使突然兴奋; 使吃惊: * the athlete's electrifying burst of speed 运动员惊人的爆发速度. 派生： electrification/i7lektrifi'keiFn; i7lektrEfE'keFEn] n [U] conversion to electricity 电气化: * the electrification of the railways, ie from steam to electricity 铁路的电气化.

electrocardiogram
[i7lektrEu'ka:diEugrAm; i'lektro'kardiE7grAm] n (abbr 缩写 ECG) (medical 医) record of sb's heartbeat traced by an electrocardiograph, used in the diagnosis of heart disease 心电图.

electrocardiograph
[ 9IlektrEU5kB:dIEUgrB:f; ?@ -grAf; I`lZktro`kBrdIE9^rAf] n (medical 医) instrument that detects and records the electric activity in the muscles of the heart 心电图仪.

electrochemistry
[i7lektrEu'kemistri; i7lektro'kemistri] n [U] application of electricity to chemical processes 电化学.

electrocute
[i'lektrEkju:t; i'lektrE7kjut] v [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] kill (a person or an animal) by means of an electric current 电死（人或动物）; 以电刑处死. > electrocution/i7lektrE'kju:Fn; i7lektrE'kjuFEn] n [U].

electrode
[i'lektrEud; i'lektrod] n (often pl 常作复数) either of two solid conductors by which an electric current enters or leaves a battery, etc; terminal 电极. Cf 参看 anode, cathode.

electroencephalograph
[ I9lektrEUen5sefElE9grB:f; ?@ -grAf; I9lZktroZn`sZfElE9^rAf] n instrument for detecting and recording the electric current produced by the activity of the brain 脑电图仪. 派生： electroencephalogram/i7lektrEuen'sefElE-grAm; i7lektroen'sefElE7grAm] n (abbr 缩写 EEG) pattern traced by an electroencephalograph 脑电图.

electrolysis
[7ilek'trClEsis; i7lek'tralEsis] n [U] 1 separation of a substance into its chemical parts by an electric current 电解. 2 destruction of hair roots, tumours, etc by an electric current (for cosmetic or surgical reasons) 用电针除去发根、 肿瘤等.

electrolyte
[i'lektrElait; i'lektrE7lait] n [C, U] (substance that can dissolve to produce a) solution able to conduct electric current, esp in an electric cell or battery 电解液; 电解质.

electromagnet
[i7lektrEu'mAgnit; i7lektro'mAgnit] n (physics 物) piece of soft metal that becomes magnetic when an electric current is passed through the coil surrounding it 电磁铁; 电磁体. 派生： electromagnetic/i7lektrEumAg'netik; i'lektromAg'netik] adj (physics 物) having both electrical and magnetic properties 电磁的: * electromagnetic waves, eg X-rays, radio-waves, light waves 电磁波（如X射线、 无线电波、 光波）. electromagnetism n [U].

electron
[i'lektrCn; i'lektran] n [C] (physics 物) minute particle of matter with a negative electric charge, found in all atoms 电子. Cf 参看 neutron, positron, proton. 派生： electronic[7ilek'trCnik; i7lek'tranik] adj [attrib 作定语] 1 (a) produced or operated by a flow of electrons 电子的: * an electronic calculator 电子计算器. (b) concerned with electronic apparatus (eg computers) 与电子装置有关的（如计算机）: * This dictionary is available in electronic form. 这部词典有电子版本. * electronic music, ie produced by manipulating natural or artificial sounds with electronic equipment 电子音乐. 2 of or concerned with electrons or electronics 电子的; 电子学的; 关於电子的; 关於电子学的: * an electronic engineer 电子工程师. electronically[-kli; -kli] adv: * process data electronically, ie using a computer 用电子计算机处理数据. ,electronic `mail (also email, e-mail) sending text, diagrams, etc by means of computers linked to a telecommunication network 电子邮递（用计算机网络发送电文、 图象等）. ,electronic `mailbox device for receiving and storing electronic mail 接受、 储存电子邮递的装置. electronics n [sing v] 1 branch of science and technology that deals with the behaviour of electrons电子学. 2 application of this, esp in developing equipment 电子学的应用: He's an expert in electronics. 他是电子应用专家. * [attrib 作定语] the electronics industry 电子工业. 复合： e,lectron `microscope very powerful microscope that uses beams of electrons instead of light rays 电子显微镜.

electroplate
[i'lektrEpleit; i'lektrE7plet] v [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] cover (sth) with a thin layer of metal, usu silver, by electrolysis 电镀: * electroplated spoons 电镀的杓.

elegant
[5eligEnt; 5elEgEnt] adj tasteful and stylish in appearance or manner （相貌或仪态）优雅的, 文雅的, 高雅的: * an elegant woman, coat, style of writing 文雅的女人、 高雅的外衣、 优美的写作风格 * elegant manners 优雅的仪态. > elegance[5eligEns; 5elEgEns] n [U]. elegantly adv: * He always dresses elegantly. 他总是穿得很讲究.

elegiac
[7eli'dVaiEk; 7elE'dVaiEk] adj 1 (of poetic metre) suitable for elegies （指诗歌韵律）适於挽歌的: * elegiac couplets 挽歌对句. 2 (fml 文) mournful; expressing sorrow 哀悼的; 表示悲伤的: * Her poetry has an elegiac quality. 她的诗有伤感的情调.

elegy
[5elEdVi; 5elEdVi] n poem or song expressing sorrow, esp for the dead; lament 挽歌; 哀歌; 挽诗.

element
[5elimEnt; 5elEmEnt] n 1 [C] ~ (in/of sth) necessary or characteristic part of sth 要素; 特色: * Justice is an important element of good government. 公正是仁政的要素. * What a sensational story! It has all the elements of a soap opera. 多麽耸人听闻的事! 具备连续剧的一切要素. 2 [C usu sing 通常作单数] ~ of sth small amount of sth; suggestion or trace of sth 某事物的少量; 某事物的启示或痕迹: * There's an element of truth in his story. 他说的有些道理. * There's always an element of danger in mountain climbing. 登山总是有些危险的. 3 [C] (chemistry 化) any of about 100 substances which cannot be split by ordinary chemical methods into simpler substances 元素: * Water is composed of the elements hydrogen and oxygen. 水是由氢元素和氧元素组成的. Cf 参看 compound1 1, mixture 3. 4 [C] (according to ancient and medieval philosophers) any of the four substances, earth, air, fire and water, from which the universe was believed to be composed 要素（据古代和中世纪哲学家的观点, 认为构成宇宙的土、 空气、 火、 水四种物质其中之一）. 5 the elements [pl] (fml 文) forces of nature, the weather, etc (esp bad weather) 自然力, 天气等（尤指坏天气）: * exposed to (the fury of) the elements 经受风吹雨打. 6 [C usu sing 通常作单数] natural or suitable environment or habitat 自然的或合适的环境或栖息地: * Water is a fish's natural element. 水是鱼的自然栖息地. 7 elements [pl] basic principles of a subject being studied; parts that must be learnt first （学科的）基本原则; 原理; 基础: * You must understand the elements of mathematics before we can proceed further. 你必须先弄懂数学基础知识, 我们才能进一步学习. 8 [C] part of an electric kettle, etc that gives out heat 电阻丝（电 等供热的部分）: * This heater needs a new element. 这个加热器需要一组新电阻丝.

element1
9 (idm 习语) in/out of one's `element in/not in one's accustomed or preferred surroundings; doing/not doing what one is good at and enjoys 在[不在]某人习惯或喜欢的环境中; 做[不做]某人擅长和喜欢的事: * I'm out of my element in political discussions. 我不喜欢参加政治讨论. * The children are really in their element playing on the beach. 孩子们在沙滩上嬉戏真是乐得其所. 派生： elemental[7eli'mentl; 7elE'mentl] adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] 1 (fml 文) powerful; uncontrolled; like the forces of nature 强劲的; 失去控制的; 似自然力的: * the elemental fury of the storm 暴风雨的肆虐. 2 basic 基本的: * an elemental truth 基本事实.

elementary
[7eli'mentri; 7elE'mentEri] adj 1 [attrib 作定语] (a) of or in the beginning stages (of a course of study) （一门课程的）入门阶段的, 初级的: * an elementary class 初级班. (b) dealing with the simplest facts (of a subject); basic （一科目）基础的, 基本的: * elementary mathematics 基础数学. 2 easy to solve or answer 容易解决的; 容易回答的: * The questions were so elementary that he easily passed the test. 问题很好答, 他轻而易举就及格了. 复合： ,elementary `particle (physics 物) any of the subatomic particles thought not to consist of smaller particles 基本粒子.

elephant
[5elifEnt; 5elEfEnt] n (pl unchanged or ~s 复数或不变或作elephants) 1 largest four-footed animal now living, with two curved ivory tusks, thick skin, and a long trunk 象: * a herd of elephant 象群. =>illus 见插图. 2 (idm 习语) ,elephants ,never `forget (saying 谚) elephants are noted for their good memories 象不忘事（象以记忆力良好着称）. a white elephant => white. 派生： elephantine[7eli'fAntain; - -ti:n; 7elE'fAntin] adj (derog or joc 贬或谑) large and awkward like an elephant 似象一样大而笨拙的: * Their daughter is quite plump but their son is positively elephantine. 他们的女儿很胖; 可是儿子呢, 简直像大象.

elephantiasis
[7elifEn'taiEsis; 7elEfEn'taiEsis] n [U] disease, esp of tropical countries, in which limbs become abnormally enlarged and the skin thickens 象皮病（尤见於热带国家, 患者四肢异常肿大, 皮肤增厚）.

elevate
[5eliveit; 5elE7vet] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (to sth) (fml 文) 1 lift sb/sth up; raise sb/sth to a higher place or rank 将某人[某物]举起; 将某人[某物]提到更高的地位: * He's been elevated to the peerage, ie made a peer. 他已升为贵族. 2 (fig 比喻) make (the mind, morals, etc) better or more educated 使（思想、 道德等）更好; 使更有修养: * The teacher hoped to elevate the minds of her young pupils by reading them religious stories. 教师希望给小学生读宗教故事来提高他们的修养. 派生： elevated adj (fml 文) fine or noble 好的; 高尚的: elevated language, sentiments, thoughts 高尚的语言、 情操、 思想. elevating adj (fml or joc 文或谑) improving the mind or morals; uplifting 提高思想或道德的; 引人向上的: an elevating book, sermon 提高修养的书、 布道 * The experience wasn't terribly elevating. 这种事不太有教益吧. 复合： ,elevated `railway (US elevated railroad) (esp US) railway built on piers (usu above the streets, etc of a town) 高架铁路.

elevation
[7eli'veiFn; 7elE'veFEn] n 1 [C, U] (fml 文) elevating or being elevated 提高; 被提高: * elevation to the peerage 升为贵族. 2 [U] (fml 文) nobility or dignity 高尚; 高贵; 尊贵: * elevation of language, style, thought 语言、 风格、 思想的高尚. 3 [C] (a) height (of a place), esp above sea-level （某地方的）高度（尤指海拔）: * The city is at an elevation of 2000 metres. 这座城市海拔2000米. (b) (fml 文) hill or high place 小山; 高地: * a small elevation of the ground 地面上的小隆起处. 4 [C] (architect's plan or drawing of) one side of a building (drawn to scale) （按比例绘制的）建 物的正视图; 立视图: * the front/rear/side elevation of a house 一座房子的正面[後面/侧面]立视图. 5 [C] angle that the direction of sth (esp a gun or planet) makes with the horizontal （尤指炮或行星的）仰角: * The gun has an elevation of 45 degrees. 这门炮的仰角为45度.

elevator
[5eliveitE(r); 5elE7vetl] n 1 (US) = lift. 2 one of two movable parts in the tail of an aircraft that are used to make it climb or dive （飞行器的）升降舵. 3 tall storehouse for grain 高大的谷物仓库. 4 machine like a continuous belt with buckets at intervals, used for raising grain, goods, etc 斗式皮带输送机（用於向高处输送粮食、 货物等）.

eleven
[i'levn; i'levEn] pron, det 11; one more than ten 11, 十一（个）. =>App 4 见附录4. 派生： eleven n 1 the number 11 *11;十一. 2 team of eleven players for football, hockey or cricket 十一个人组成的足球、 曲棍球、 板球队. eleven- (in compounds 用以构成复合词) having eleven of the thing specified 有十一个...的: an eleven-mile walk. eleventh/i'levnW; i'levEnW] pron, det 11th; next after tenth 第11, 第十一（个）. n one of eleven equal parts of sth 十一分之一. 复合： e,leven-`plus n [sing] (Brit) (esp formerly) examination taken at the age of eleven, to decide which type of secondary school a child should go to （尤指旧时）十一岁少年中学入学试（以决定升入中等学校的种类）. For the uses of eleven and eleventh see the examples at five and fifth. 关於eleven和eleventh的用法见five和fifth词条中的示例.

elevenses
[i'levnziz; i'levEnziz] n [usu sing v 通常与单数动词连用] (Brit infml 口) snack and/or drink taken at about eleven o'clock in the morning 午前茶点（上午十一时左右吃的点心和[或]喝的饮料）.

elf
[elf; elf] n (pl elves/elvz; elvz] ) type of small fairy; mischievous little creature 小精灵、 小妖精、 小淘气. 派生： elfin[5elfin; 5elfin] adj of or like an elf 小精灵的; 似小妖精的: * elfin music 小精灵的乐曲 * She has elfin features. 她貌似小精灵. elfish[5elfiF; 5elfiF] (also elvish) adj mischievous 调皮的; 顽皮的: * an elfish smile 调皮的微笑.

elicit
[i'lisit; i'lisit] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sb) (fml 文) draw (facts, a response, etc) from sb, sometimes with difficulty 从某人处诱出, 探出（事实、 反应等）: * elicit a reply 诱出答案 * At last we've elicited the truth from him. 我们终於从他那里探得真相.

elide
[i'laid; i'laid] v [Tn] leave out the sound of (part of a word) when pronouncing it 读音时省略（词的部分）读音: * The `t' in `postman' may be elided. postman中的t可以省略不读. Cf 参看 elision.

eligible
[5elidVEbl; 5elidVEbl] adj ~ (for sth/to do sth) suitable or fit to be chosen; having the right or proper qualifications 适宜被选中的; 有恰当资格的; 合格的: * eligible for a pension, a job, an award 有资格领取养老金、 得到工作、 获得奖品 * eligible for promotion, membership 适宜提升、 得到会员身分 * eligible to join a club 有资格加入俱乐部 * an eligible young man, eg one who would be a satisfactory choice as a husband 合意的 年轻人（如可做佳婿者）. 派生： eligibility[7elidVE'bilEti; 7elidVE'bilEti] n [U]state of being eligible 适宜入选; 有资格; 合格: * Her qualifications and experience confirm her eligibility for the job. 她的资历和经验决定她适宜做这项工作.

eliminate
[i'limineit; i'limE7net] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (from sth) remove (esp sb/sth that is not wanted or needed) 消除, 清除, 排除（尤指不必要或不需要的某人[某物]）: * eliminate mistakes from one's writing 消除文字中的错误 * The police have eliminated two suspects (from their enquiry). 警方（从调查中）已排除了两名受嫌疑的人. * eliminate waste matter from the body 从体内排出废物. 2 [Tn] (infml 口) kill (sb) ruthlessly 干掉（某人）: * The dictator had eliminated all his political opponents. 独裁者已将所有政敌干掉. 3 [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: * Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from sth) exclude sb from further stages in a competition, through defeat, etc 淘汰某人: * He was eliminated (from the contest) in the fourth round. 他在第四轮（从比赛中）被淘汰. > elimination/i7limi'neiFn; i7limE'neFEn] n [U].

elision
[i'liVn; i'liVEn] n (a) [U] leaving out of the sound of part of a word in pronunciation, as in we'll, don't and let's 读音时省略一字的部分读音（如we'll、 don't、 let's）. (b) [C] instance of this 省略部分读音. Cf 参看 elide.

elite
[ei'li:t; i'lit] n [CGp] (often derog 常作贬义) social group considered to be the best or most important because of their power, talent, wealth, etc （由於有权力、 才能、 财富等）被视为最好的或最重要的社会集团; 精英; 尖子: * the ruling, scientific elite 掌权的、 科学方面的精英 * [attrib 作定语] an elite force, regiment 精锐部队、 团. 派生： elitism/ei'li:tizEm; e'litizEm] n [U] (often derog 常作贬义) (belief in a) system, leadership, etc that aims at developing an elite 旨在培养精英的体制、 领导等（的主张）; 精英主义: * Many people believe that private education encourages elitism. 许多人认为私人办学可助长精英主义. elitist[-tist; -tist] n (often derog ) person who believes in elitism 精英主义者. adj of the elite or elitism 精英的; 主张培养精英的: * an elitist attitude to life 卓尔不群的生活态度.

elixir
[i'liksE(r); i'liksl] n [U, C] 1 imaginary substance with which medieval scientists hoped to change metals into gold or make people live for ever （中世纪科学家希望得到的）炼金药, 长生不老药: * the elixir of life 长生不老药. 2 imaginary cure for all ills （想像中的）灵丹妙药, 万灵药.

Elizabethan
[i7lizE'bi:Wn; i7lizE'biWEn] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of the time of Queen Elizabeth I of England (1558-1603) 英国女王伊丽莎白一世时代的（15581603）: * Elizabethan drama 英国女王伊丽莎白一世时代的戏剧 * The Elizabethan age was a time of exploration and discovery. 英国女王伊丽莎白一世时代是探索和发现的时代. 派生： Elizabethan n person who lived during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I 伊丽莎白女王一世时代的人: Shakespeare was an Elizabethan. 莎士比亚是伊丽莎白女王一世时代的人.

elk
[elk; elk] n (pl unchanged or ~s 复数或不变或作elks) (Brit) (US moose) [C] one of the largest types of living deer, found in N Europe, N Asia, and N America 豁罕, 驼鹿, 赤鹿（产於北欧、 亚洲北部和北美洲）.

ellipse
[i'lips; i'lips] n regular oval 椭圆. 派生： elliptic/i'liptik; i'liptik] , elliptical/i'liptikl; i'liptikl] adjs shaped like an ellipse 似椭圆的.

ellipsis
[i'lipsis; i'lipsis] n (pl -pses[-psi:z; -psiz] ) [C, U] (grammar) (instance of) leaving out a word or words from (the grammatical structure of) a sentence when the meaning can be understood without it/them 省略（指语法结构中的词语省略而不影响原意者）: * The sentence `He is dead and I alive' contains an ellipsis, ie of the word `am'. 在He is dead and I alive一句中有一处省略, 即am这个词. =>App 3 见附录3. 派生： elliptical/i'liptikl; i'liptikl] adj containing ellipsis 省略的: * an elliptical style of writing, ie one that implies more than is actually said （意在言外的）省略的文风. elliptically[-kli; -kli] adj.

elm
[elm; elm] n [C] (also `elm tree) 1 tall deciduous tree with broad rough-edged leaves 榆树: * [attrib 作定语] an elm forest 榆树林. 2 [U] its hard heavy wood 榆木: * This bench is made of elm. 这条长凳是榆木制的.

elocution
[7elE'kju:Fn; 7elE'kjuFEn] n [U] art or style of speaking clearly and effectively, esp in public 演说的艺术或风格: * [attrib 作定语] elocution lessons 演说艺术课. 派生： elocutionary[-EnEri; - -Eneri; -Eneri] adj of elocution 演讲艺术的. elocutionist[-FEnist; -FEnist] n person who teaches or is an expert in elocution 演说术教师; 演讲艺术家.

elongate
[5i:lCNgeit; - i'lC:N-; i'lCNget] v [Tn] make (sth) longer 使（某物）更长; 伸长; 拉长. 派生： elongated[5i:lCNgeitid; - i'lC:N-; i'lCNgetid] adj (made) long and thin; stretched out （被拉得）细长的; 伸长的: * elongated figures in a painting 画中的细长的人. elongation[7i:lCN'geiFn; - -lC:N-; 7ilCN'geFEn] n (a) [U]making or becoming longer 拉长; 伸长; 延长. (b) [C] thing that has been made longer (esp a line in a drawing, etc) 被拉长之物（尤指绘图中的线等）.

elope
[i'lEup; i'lop] v [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb) run away with a lover, esp to get married 私奔: * The young couple eloped because their parents wouldn't let them marry.这对年轻人因父母不让他们结婚而私奔了. * Heeloped with one of his students. 他和他的学生私奔了.> elopement n [C, U].

eloquence
[5elEkwEns; 5elEkwEns] n [U] (skilful use of) expressive language, esp to impress or persuade an audience 口才; 雄辩: * The crowd were swayed by his eloquence. 他能言善辩打动了群众. 派生： eloquent[-Ent; -Ent] adj (fml 文) having or showing eloquence 有口才的; 雄辩的: * an eloquent speaker, speech 雄辩的演讲者、 讲话. eloquently adv.

else
[els; els] adv 1 (with indefinite, interrogative or negative prons and advs 与不定代词、 疑问代词或否定代词或副词连用) in addition to or apart from (that already mentioned) 除（已提到的）以外; 另外; 其他: * Did you see anybody else, ie any other person(s)? 你见到其他人了吗? * Have you anything else to do? 你还有别的事做吗? * Ask somebody else to help you. 请别人帮帮你吧. * That must be somebody else's (ie some other person's) coat; it isn't mine. 那一定是别人的外衣, 不是我的. * Nothing else (ie I want nothing more), thank you. 不要别的了, 谢谢你. * We went to the cinema and nowhere else, ie to no other place. 我们去电影院了, 没到其他地方去. * I've tried to phone her six times today; what else can I do? 我今天已给她打了六次电话, 都没接通, 我还能做什麽呢? * Who else was at the party? 聚会上还有谁? * How else (ie In what other way) would you do it? 你做这件事还有别的办法吗? * We have a bit of bread and little/not much else, ie not much more. 我们有一点面包, 没有什麽别的了. 2 (idm 习语) or else (a) otherwise; if not 否则; 要不然: * Run or else you'll be late. 快跑, 不然你要迟到了. * He must be joking or else he's mad. 他准是开玩笑, 要不就是疯了. (b) (infml 口) (used to express a threat or warning 用以表示威胁或警告): * Give me the money or else! 把钱给我, 不然的话, 哼!

elsewhere
[7els'weE(r); - -'hweEr; 5els7hwer] adv in, at or to some other place 在别处; 到别处: * Our favourite restaurant was full, so we had to go elsewhere. 我们喜欢的饭馆已客满, 所以我们只得到别处去.

ELT
[7i: el 'ti:; 7i el 'ti] abbr 缩写 = (principles and practice of) English Language Teaching (to non-native speakers) （对英语并非母语的人的）英语教学（的原则和方法）.

elucidate
[i'lu:sideit; i'lusE7det] v [I, Tn] (fml 文) make (sth) clear; explain 使（某事物）清楚; 解释; 阐明: * You have not understood; allow me to elucidate. 你没理解, 让我解释一下. * elucidate a problem, mystery 阐明一问题、 弄清一奥秘 * The notes helped to elucidate the most difficult parts of the text. 这些注释有助於弄清文中最难懂的部分. > elucidation/i7lu:si'deiFn; i7lusE'deFEn] n [U] (fml 文): * This requires elucidation. 此事需要解释清楚.

elude
[i'lu:d; i'lud] v [Tn] 1 escape (sb/sth), esp by a trick or cleverness; avoid 躲避（某人[某事物]）（尤指用计谋或智慧）; 逃避: * elude one's enemies 避开敌人 * He eluded capture for weeks by hiding underground.他为免被捕躲藏了几个星期. 2 escape the memory or understanding of (sb) （某人）不记得, 不理解: * I recognize her face, but her name eludes me, ie I can't remember it. 我认得她的脸, 但想不起她的名字了.

elusive
[i'lu:siv; i'lusiv] adj (a) tending to escape or disappear; difficult to capture 逃避的; 躲避的; 难以捕捉的: * a most elusive criminal 极难逮捕的罪犯. (b) difficult to remember or understand 难以记忆的; 难以理解的; 难以捉摸的: * an elusive perfume 难以捉摸的香味 * an elusive word 难记的词.

elver
[5elvE(r); 5elvl] n young eel 幼鳗.

elves
pl of elf.

Elysium
[i'liziEm; i'liziEm] n (a) (in Greek myths) home of the blessed after death （希腊神话中的）天堂. (b) place or state of perfect happiness 极乐世界; 乐土. > Elysian/i'liziEn; i'liViEn] adj: * the Elysian fields 福地.

emaciated
[i'meiFieitid; i'meFi7etid] adj made thin and weak 瘦弱的; 憔悴的: * very emaciated after a long illness 久病之後非常憔悴 * an emaciated child 瘦弱的孩子. => Usage at thin用法见thin. > emaciation/ I9meIsI5eIFn; I9mesI`eFEn/ n [U].

email
(also e-mail)[5i:meil; 5i7mel] n [U] = electronic mail (electron).

emanate
[5emEneit; 5emE7net] v [Ipr] ~ from sth/sb (fml or joc 文或谑) come or flow from sth/sb 来自某物[某人]; 从某物[某人]处流出, 飘出: * The idea originally emanated from his brother. 这个主意最初是他哥哥出的. * Delicious smells were emanating from the kitchen. 香味从厨房飘了出来. > emanation[7emE'neiFn;7emE'neFEn] n [C, U]: * The place gave off a strong emanation of evil. 这地方是罪恶的渊薮.

emancipate
[i'mAnsipeit; i'mAnsE7pet] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from sth) set sb free, esp from political, legal or social restrictions 解放某人（尤指摆脱政治、 法律或社会的束缚）: * emancipate slaves 解放奴隶 * Women are still struggling to be fully emancipated, ie to be given the same rights, opportunities, etc as men. 妇女仍在为彻底解放而奋斗（以获得与男子同等的权利、 机会等）. 派生： emancipation/i7mAnsi'peiFn; i7mAnsE'peFEn] n [U] (a) action of emancipating 解放: * the emancipation of women 妇女的解放. (b) state of being emancipated 获得解放.

emasculate
[i'mAskjuleit; i'mAskjE7let] v [Tn] (fml 文) 1 remove the sexual organs of (a male animal); castrate 使（某雄性动物）去势; 阉割. 2 deprive (sb/sth) of force or strength; weaken 使（某人[某事物]）失去力量; 削弱: * an emasculated law 被削弱了的法律. > emasculation/i7mAskju'leiFn; i7mAskjE'leFEn] n.

embalm
[im'ba:m; - also -ba:lm; im'bam, im'balm] v [Tn] 1 preserve (a dead body) from decay by using spices or chemicals （用香料或药物）保存（ 体）: * The Egyptians used to embalm the bodies of their deadkings and queens. 埃及人以前用药物保存国王和王后的 体. 2 make (sth) fragrant 使（某物）充满香气. > embalmer/im'ba:mE(r); im'baml] n. embalmment/im'ba:mmEnt; - also -ba:lm-; im'bammEnt, -balm-] n [U].

embankment
[im'bANkmEnt; im'bANkmEnt] n wall or ridge of earth, stone, etc made to keep water back or to carry a railway or road over low ground 防水堤; 堤岸; （铁路或公路的）路堤: * the Thames Embankment 泰晤士河河堤.

embargo
[im'ba:gEu; im'bargo] n (pl ~es[-gEuz; -goz] )[C, U] ~ (on sth) official order that forbids sth, esp trade, the movement of ships, etc 禁令; 禁止贸易令; 禁止船舶行驶令; 封港令等: * a gold embargo, ie one that restricts or forbids the buying or selling of gold 限制或禁止黄金买卖令 * an embargo on trade with other islands 禁止与其他岛屿贸易令 * lift/raise/remove an embargo on sth, ie start trading in sth again 取消对某物的交易禁令（重新开放对某物的贸易） * place sth under (an) embargo, ie do no trade in sth 禁止对某物进行贸易. 派生： embargo v (pt, pp ~ed[-gEud; -god] ) [Tn] 1 put an embargo on (sth) 禁止（船只）出入港口; 禁运（某物）. 2 seize (ships, goods, etc) for use by the State 徵用（船只、 货物等）.

embark
[im'ba:k; im'bark] v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (for...) (cause sb/sth to) go or be taken on board a ship or an aircraft （使某人[某物]）乘船; 上船; 登机: * Passengers with cars must embark first. 带汽车的乘客必须先上船. * We embarked for Calais at midday. 我们中午乘船去加来. * The ship embarked passengers and cargo at an Italian port. 这艘船在意大利一个港口载客装货. 2 (phr v) embark on sth start or engage in (esp sth new or difficult) 开始或从事（尤指新的或难的事）: * embark on a long journey 开始漫长的旅行 * He embarked on a new career. 他开始从事一新事业. 派生： embarkation[7emba:'keiFn; 7embar'keFEn] n [C, U] action or process of embarking 乘船; 装载; 开始; 从事: * the port of embarkation 登船装货港.

embarrass
[im'bArEs; im'bArEs] v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (a) cause (sb) to feel self-conscious, awkward or ashamed 使（某人）觉得不自然、 忸怩、 尴尬或害羞: * I was embarrassed by his comments about my clothes. 他评论我的衣服使我很尴尬. * Are you trying to embarrass me? 你是想让我难堪吗? (b) cause mental discomfort or anxiety to (sb) 使（某人）不安或焦虑: * embarrassed by lack of money 因缺钱而苦恼 * financially embarrassed 拮 . 派生： embarrassing adj: an embarrassing incident, question,mistake 令人困窘的事、 问题、 错误. embarrassinglyadv. embarrassment n 1 (a) [U] embarrassing or being embarrassed 窘; 局促不安; 焦急; 忧患: He suffered much embarrassment in his youth. 他年轻时饱经忧患. (b) [C] person or thing that embarrasses 令人困窘、 不安、 焦虑的人或事物: He's an embarrassment to hisfamily. 他是家中叫人为难的人. * financial embarrassments财务困难. 2 (idm 习语) an embarrassment of `riches too many good things to do, choose from, etc 好东西太多而难以处理、 难以选择等.

embassy
[5embEsi; 5embEsi] n 1 (official residence of an) ambassador and his staff 大使及其官员; 大使馆全体成员; 大使馆: * the American embassy in London 美国驻伦敦大使馆 * He is with (ie working at) the French embassy. 他在法国大使馆工作. * [attrib 作定语] embassy officials 大使馆官员. Cf 参看 consulate 1, High Commission (high1). 2 (dated 旧) deputation sent to a foreign government 派往外国政府的代表团: * send sb/go/come on an embassy (to sb) 派遣某人去[来]任赴外国政府代表团的成员（去某人处）.

embattled
[im'bAtld; em'bAtld] adj 1 (a) (of an army, etc) drawn up and prepared for battle （指军队等）严阵以待的; 做好战斗准备的: * embattled troops 严阵以待的部队. (b) in a condition of defence; fortified against attack 处於防御状态的; 设防以抵御攻击的: * the embattled city 设防的城市. 2 (of a tower or building) having battlements （指城楼或建 物）有雉堞的.

embed
[im'bed; im'bed] v (-dd-) [usu passive 通常用於被动语态: * Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in sth) fix sth deeply and firmly (in a surrounding mass) 将某物深而牢地固定於（周围的物体中）: * stones embedded in rock 嵌在岩石中的石块 * The arrow embedded itself in the wall. 箭牢牢地扎进墙里. * (fig 比喻) The idea became embedded in his mind. 这想法在他头脑中根深蒂固.

embellish
[im'beliF; im'beliF] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) 1 make sth beautiful by adding ornaments, etc 美化、 装饰或修饰某物: * a dress embellished with lace and ribbons 有花边和饰带的连衣裙. 2 improve (a story, statement, etc) by adding often untrue details, eg to make it more interesting or amusing 渲染; 添枝加叶（如使之更有趣、 更可笑）: * He often embellishes the tales of his travels. 他常给他的旅游趣闻添枝加叶. 派生： embellishment n (a) [U] embellishing or being embellished 装饰; 渲染; 润色: the embellishment of a book, a building, a speech 对书的修饰、 建 物的装饰、 言语的润色. (b) [C] thing that embellishes; artistic addition 装饰之物; 艺术性的增添物: a 16th-century church with 18th-century embellishments 有18世纪艺术装饰的16世纪的教堂.

ember
[5embE(r); 5embl] n (usu pl 通常作复数) small piece of burning or glowing wood or coal in a dying fire 馀烬: * Only the embers of the bonfire remained. 那篝火只有馀烬尚存. * (fig 比喻) the dying embers of a former passion 昔日激情的将熄的馀烬.

embezzle
[im'bezl; im'bezl] v [Tn] use (money placed in one's care) in a wrong way to benefit oneself 盗用, 挪用（款项）: * embezzle the pension fund 挪用抚恤金 * The treasurer embezzled 2000 of the club's money. 司库盗用了俱乐部2000英镑. 派生： embezzlement n [C, U] (instance of) embezzling 盗用; 挪用: petty embezzlements 少量的盗用公款 * He was found guilty of embezzlement. 他被判盗用公款罪. embezzler/im'bezlE(r); im'bezll] n person who embezzles 盗用者; 挪用公款者.

embitter
[im'bitE(r); im'bitl] v [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] fill (sb/sth) with bitter feelings 使（某人）苦恼; 使（某事物）令人苦恼: * embittered by repeated failures 因屡次失败而苦恼. > embitterment n [U] (fml 文).

emblazon
[im'bleizEn; im'blezn] (also blazon) v [Tn] decorate (sth) with heraldic or other devices 以纹章或其他方式装饰（某物）: * a shield emblazoned with dragons 饰有龙纹的盾牌. > emblazonment n [U].

emblem
[5emblEm; 5emblEm] n object that represents sth; symbol 象徵; 标志; 标记: * The dove is an emblem of peace. 鸽子是和平的象徵. * The ring was important to her as an emblem of their love. 这枚戒指是他们爱情的象徵, 对她至为重要. * The thistle is the emblem of Scotland. 蓟是苏格兰的标志. 派生： emblematic[7emblE'mAtik; 7emblE'mAtik] adj [usu pred 通常作表语] ~ (of sth) (fml 文) serving as an emblem; symbolic 用作象徵; 作为标志.

embody
[im'bCdi; im'badi] v (pt, pp -died) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in sth) (fml 文) 1 express or give visible form to (ideas, feelings, etc) 体现（想法、 感情等）; 使（想法、 感情等）具体化: * To me he embodies all the best qualities of a teacher. 在我看来, 他本身体现了教师应有的一切优秀品质. 2 include or contain sth 包括或含有某物: * The latest computer model embodies many new features. 最新型的计算机具备许多新功能. 派生： embodiment/im'bCdimEnt; im'badimEnt] n person or thing that embodies sth or is embodied 体现某事物的人或物; 体现; 化身: * She's the embodiment of kindness. 她是慈祥的化身.

embolden
[im'bEuldEn; im'boldn] v [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: * Tn, Cn.t] (dated or fml 旧或文) give courage or confidence to (sb) 给（某人）勇气或信心; 给（某人）壮胆; 鼓励: * emboldened by drink 饮酒後壮了胆的 * His success emboldened him to expand his business. 他有了成就因而激发他进一步扩展业务.

embolism
[5embElizEm; 5embE7lizEm] n (medical 医) blockage of an artery or a vein caused by a clot of blood, an air-bubble, etc 栓塞.

emboss
[im'bCs; - -'bC:s; im'bCs] v [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: * Tn, Tn.pr] ~ A with B/~ B on A decorate (the surface of sth) with a raised design; create (a raised design) on the surface of sth 在（某物的表面）装饰隆起的图案; 在某物表面制出（隆起的图案）: * an address embossed on notepaper 凸印在信纸上的地址 * embossed stationery 有压印浮雕花的信笺 * a leather briefcase embossed with one's initials 饰有浮凸的姓名首字母的皮公事包.

embrace
[im'breis; im'bres] v 1 [I, Tn] take (a person, etc) into one's arms as a sign of affection 拥抱（某人）: * They embraced (each other) warmly. 他们（相互）热情拥抱. * She embraced her son before leaving. 她在离开前拥抱着儿子. 2 [Tn] (fml 文) accept or take (an idea, etc) willingly 欣然接受或采取（某意见等）: * embrace Christianity 信奉基督教 * embrace an offer, opportunity 欣然接受提议、 把握机会. 3 [Tn] (of things) include （指物）包括, 包含: * The term `mankind' embraces men, women and children. ‘人类’一词包括男人、 女人和儿童. 派生： embrace n act of embracing 拥抱; 接受; 包括; 包含: He held her in a warm embrace. 他热情地拥抱她. * She tried to avoid his embraces. 她极力不让他拥抱她.

embrasure
[im'breiVE(r); im'breVl] n [C] (a) opening for a door or window, wider on the inside than the outside, in an interior wall, esp of an old castle 斜面墙（内宽外窄的门窗的开口）（尤指古城堡的）. (b) similar opening in a castle, fort, etc for shooting through （城堡、 要塞等的）炮眼, 枪眼, 射击孔.

embrocation
[7embrE'keiFn; 7embrE'keFEn] n [U] liquid for rubbing on the body to ease muscular aches, stiffness, etc; liniment （缓解肌肉疼痛、 僵硬等的）搽剂; 涂抹油: * A bit of embrocation will soothe your bruised knee. 用一点搽剂可使你那青肿的膝部消肿.

embroider
[im'brCidE(r); im'brCidl] v 1 [I, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ A (on B)[~ B (with A) decorate (cloth) with needlework （在布上）刺绣: * She embroiders very well. 她很会刺绣. * She embroidered flowers on the cushion (in gold thread). 她（用金线）在垫子上绣花. * She embroidered the cushion with flowers. 她把垫子绣上了花. 2 [Tn] (fig 比喻) add untrue details to (a story, etc) to make it more interesting （给故事等）添枝加叶: * embroider the truth, the tale, the facts, etc 对真相、 故事、 事实等添油加醋地渲染. 派生： embroidery[-dEri; -dEri] n [U] 1 decoration with needlework 刺绣: * a beautiful piece of embroidery 一件美丽的刺绣制品 * He's good at embroidery. 他擅长刺绣. 2 (fig 比喻) untrue details added for effect （为增强效果而加的）虚构细节: * A little embroidery made the story quite entertaining. 增加了一点虚构细节使得故事相当有趣.

embroil
[im'brCil; im'brCil] v [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: * Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/oneself (in sth) get sb/oneself involved (in a quarrel or difficult situation) 使某人[自己]卷入（争吵或困境中）: * I don't want to become embroiled in their arguments. 我不想卷入他们的争论中. * They are embroiled in a war against their will. 他们违背自己的意愿卷入一场战争之中.

embryo
[5embriEu; 5embri7o] n (pl ~s[-Euz; -oz] ) 1 (a) young animal or plant in the early stages of its development before birth (or before coming out of its egg or seed) 胚; 胚胎; 萌芽时期: * an aborted embryo 流产的胚胎. Cf 参看 foetus. (b) (fig 比喻) plan, scheme, etc in its very early stages 初步的计划、 方案等: * an embryo of an idea 一个想法的雏形 * [attrib 作定语] The project is still at the embryo stage. 这个计划仍在酝酿阶段. 2 (idm 习语) in embryo existing but undeveloped 已存在但尚未发展的: * My plans are still very much in embryo. 我的计划在很大程度上仍在酝酿中. 派生： embryology[7embri5ClEdVi; 7embri5alEdVi] n [U] scientific study of the formation and development of embryos 胚胎学. embryologist n[7embri5ClEdVist;7embri5alEdVist] expert in this 胚胎学家. embryonic[7embri5Cnik; 7embri5anik] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] in an early stage of development 在发育的最初阶段的; 胚胎的: * an embryonic foetus 刚刚发育的胎儿 * (fig 比喻) The scheme is still in its embryonic stage. 此方案仍在酝酿阶段.

emcee
[7em'si:; 7em'si] n (infml 口) master of ceremonies; compere 司仪; （节目的）主持人: * Who was (the) emcee of the show last night? 谁是昨晚节目的主持人? Cf 参看 MC 1. 派生： emcee v (pt, pp emceed) [I, Tn] act as master of ceremonies for (an event) 做司仪; 做（节目）主持人; 主持（节目）: Who's emceeing (the show) tonight? 今晚谁主持（演出）?

emend
[i'mend; i'mend] v [Tn] remove errors from (eg a text before printing) 校改; 校正; 校订; 修正（如文稿）: * emend a passage in a book 校正书中的一段. 派生： emendation[7i:men'deiFn; 7imen'deFEn] n (a) [U] action of emending （对文稿等的）修正; 校改; 校正; 校订. (b) [C] thing that is emended （对文稿等）修正、 校改、 校正或校订的内容: * minor emendations to the official statement 对正式声明的些微修正.

emerald
[5emErEld; 5emErEld] n bright green precious stone 祖母绿; 纯绿柱石; 绿宝石; 翡翠: * two diamonds and an emerald 两枚钻石和一枚绿宝石 * [attrib 作定语] an emerald ring 翡翠戒指. 派生： emerald adj, n [U] (also emerald `green) (of a) bright green colour 绿宝石色（的）; 翡翠绿（色）: an emerald hat 翠绿色的帽子.

emerge
[i'mE:dV; i'mEdV] v [I, Ipr] ~ (from sth) 1 (a) come out or up (from water, etc) （从水中等）出来, 现出, 露出: * The swimmer emerged from the lake. 游泳者从湖中出来. * The moon emerged from behind the clouds. 月亮从云层後露出. (b) come into view or prominence 显现; 显露: * He emerged as leader at the age of thirty. 他叁十岁时初露锋芒担任了领袖. 2 (of facts, ideas, etc) become known （指事实、 意见等）暴露, 知悉: * No new evidence emerged during the enquiry. 在调查过程中未发现新证据. 派生： emergence[-dVEns; -dVEns] n [U] action of emerging 出来; 现出; 出现; 显现; 暴露: * her emergence as a well-known artist 她脱颖而出成为着名艺术家. emergent[-dVEnt; -dVEnt] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] in the process of emerging 在出现过程中的: * the emergent countries of Africa, ie those becoming politically independent and modernized, etc 非洲的新兴国家（那些政治上逐步独立和现代化等的国家）.

emergency
[i'mE:dVEnsi; i'mEdVEnsi] n 1 [C, U] sudden serious event or situation requiring immediate action 紧急事件; 紧急情况: * You should only use this door in an emergency. 在紧急情况下才能使用这扇门. * The government has declared a state of emergency, eg because of war, a natural disaster, etc. 政府已宣布进入紧急状态. * [attrib 作定语] the emergency exit 紧急出口. 2 [U] (US) = casualty 3: * [attrib 作定语] the emergency ward 急诊病室.

emeritus
[i'meritEs; i'merEtEs] adj (often placed after the n, and having a capital in titles 常置於名词後, 作头衔用时大写) (of a university teacher, esp a professor) retired, but keeping his title as an honour （指大学教师, 尤指教授）退休而保留头衔的: * the emeritus professor of biology 生物学荣誉退休教授 * a professor emeritus 荣誉退休教授 * Emeritus Professor Johnson 约翰逊荣誉退休教授.

emery
[5emEri; 5emEri] n [U] hard metallic substance used (esp in powdered form) for polishing, smoothing and grinding 金刚砂; 刚玉粉. 复合： `emery-board n small strip of wood or cardboard covered in emery, used for filing the finger-nails 指甲砂锉. `emery-paper n paper coated with emery, used for smoothing rough surfaces 砂纸.

emetic
[i'metik; i'metik] n, adj (medicine) causing vomiting 催吐的; 催吐剂: * He was given an emetic (medicine) after eating poisonous berries. 他吃了有毒的浆果, 已给了他催吐剂.

emigrate
[5emigreit; 5emE7gret] v [I, Ipr] ~ (from...) (to...) leave one's own country to go and live in another 移居外国: * emigrate from Britain to Australia to find work 从英国移居到澳大利亚寻找工作. Cf 参看 immigrate. 派生： emigrant[5emigrEnt; 5emEgrEnt] n person who emigrates 移居外国者; 移民: * emigrants to Canada 移居加拿大的人 * [attrib 作定语] emigrant labourers 移民他国的劳工. emigration[7emi'greiFn; 7emE'greFEn] n [U, C]: * the mass emigration of refugees in wartime 战时大规模的逃难移民 * [attrib 作定语] emigration officials 管理移民的官员.

emigre
[5emigrei; - 7emi'grei; 5emE7gre] n (French 法) person who has left his own country, usu for political reasons 移居外国的人, 逃亡者, 流亡者（通常指因政治原因）: * He was one of the emigres who left France after the French Revolution. 他是法国革命後离开法国的流亡者.

eminence
[5eminEns; 5emEnEns] n 1 [U] state of being famous or distinguished 卓越; 着名: * reach eminence as a doctor 成为名医 * rise to eminence in one's profession 在职业上出人头地. 2 [C] (dated or fml 旧或文) piece of rising ground; hill 高地; 山丘. 3 Eminence [C] title used of or to a cardinal 阁下（对红衣主教的尊称）: * His/Your Eminence 主教阁下 * Their/Your Eminences 列位主教阁下.

eminent
[5eminEnt; 5emEnEnt] adj 1 (of a person) famous and distinguished （指人）着名的, 杰出的, 卓越的: * an eminent architect 杰出的建 师 * He is eminent both as a sculptor and as a portrait painter. 他既是着名的雕刻家又是杰出的肖像画家. 2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of qualities) remarkable; outstanding （指品质、 特性）明显的; 显着的; 突出的: * a man of eminent goodness 品德优良的人. 派生： eminently adv obviously; outstandingly 明显地; 显着地; 突出地: She seems eminently suitable for the job. 她看来极适合做这项工作.

emir
[e'miE(r); E'mir] (also amir) n title of various Muslim rulers 埃米尔（对穆斯林统治者的尊称）. 派生： emirate/e'miEreit; E'miret] n position, reign or lands of an emir 埃米尔的地位、 统治或领地: * the United Arab Emirates 阿拉伯联合酋长国.

emissary
[5emisEri; 5emE7seri] n person sent to deliver a message (often an unpleasant or a secret one) or to conduct negotiations （常为传送棘手信息的）使者, 密使, 谈判者.

emission
[i'miFn; i'miFEn] n 1 [U] (fml 文) sending out or giving off (of light, heat, fumes, matter, fluid from the body, etc) （光、 热、 烟、 气、 分泌物、 体液等的）散发, 发射, 发出: * the emission of light from the sun 阳光的照射. 2 [C] thing that is sent out or given off; discharge 散发之物、 发出之物; 流出物; 排 物: * a nocturnal emission, ie the discharge of semen during sleep 夜间遗精.

emit
[i'mit; i'mit] v (-tt-) [Tn] give or send (sth) out; discharge 发射, 放射, 发出（某物）; 排出; 排 : * A volcano emits smoke, lava and ashes. 火山喷射出烟、 熔岩和灰烬. * She emitted a cry of pain. 她发出痛苦的呼叫. * The cheese was emitting a strong smell. 乾酪散发出强烈的气味.

emollient
[i'mCliEnt; i'maliEnt] n, adj (substance) that soothes and softens the skin 润肤的; 润肤剂: * Use an emollient for dry skin. 乾燥的皮肤要使用润肤剂. * an emollient cream 润肤霜.

emolument
[i'mCljumEnt; i'maljEmEnt] n (usu pl 通常作复数) (fml or rhet 文或修辞) profit made from being employed; fee or salary 报酬; 酬金; 工资; 薪水: * Her emoluments as a teacher amounted to 8500 a year. 她任教年薪8500英镑. * He was paid a modest emolument. 他获酬甚微.

emotion
[i'mEuFn; i'moFEn] n 1 [C] strong feeling of any kind 激情; 情感; 情绪: * Love, joy, hate, fear and jealousy are all emotions. 爱情、 喜悦、 憎恨、 恐惧、 嫉妒都是强烈的感情. * The speaker appealed to our emotions rather than to our minds. 演讲者激发了我们的情感而不是启发我们的思考. 2 [U] excitement or disturbance of the mind or (more usu) the feelings 激动; 感动: * overcome by/with emotion 为情感所动 * He spoke of his dead wife with deep emotion. 他提到亡妻感慨万分. * She answered in a voice filled with emotion. 她以激动的声音回答. 派生： emotional[-FEnl; -FEnl] adj 1 [attrib 作定语] of the emotions 情感的: * emotional problems 情感问题. 2 causing or showing emotions 引起情感的; 表示情感的: * an emotional response 富於情感的反应 * emotional music, language 抒情的乐曲、 语言. 3 having emotions that are easily excited 易激动的; 易动感情的: * an emotional man, actor, character, nature 易动感情的男子、 演员、 性格、 天性 * She is embarrassingly emotional in public. 她在大庭广众前常激动得让人难为情. emotionally[-FEnEli; -FEnli] adv: * emotionally disturbed 情绪波动. emotionless adj without emotion 没有情感的; 冷漠的.

emotive
[i'mEutiv; i'motiv] adj (of words, etc) tending to affect the emotions （指词等）激发情感的: * an emotive speech 激动人心的讲话 * Capital punishment is an emotive issue. 应否有死刑是个容易引起感情用事的问题.

empanel
(also impanel)[im'pAnl; im'pAnl] v (-ll-; US also -l-) [Tn] (fml 文) list or select (sb) to serve on a jury 将（某人）列入陪审员名单; 选（某人）为陪审员.

empathy
[5empEWi; 5empEWi] n [U] 1 ability to imagine and share another person's feelings, experience, etc 感情移入, 同感（对他人的感情、 经历等的想像力和感受力）: * There is a strange empathy between the old lady and her grandson. 老妇人和她孙子间有种莫名其妙的心灵相通的感觉. 2 ability to identify oneself mentally with eg a work of art that one is looking at, and so to understand its meaning 神入（全神贯注於某事物如一艺术品, 以理解其真谛的能力）.

emperor
[5empErE(r); 5empErl] n (fem 阴性作 empress[5empris; 5empris] ) ruler of an empire 皇帝: * the Roman emperors 罗马皇帝 * The Emperor Napoleon 拿破仑皇帝.

emphasis
[5emfEsis; 5emfEsis] n (pl -ases[-Esi:z;-Esiz] ) [C, U] 1 force or stress given to a word or words when spoken, to make the meaning clear or to show importance 加强语气; 强调: * give special emphasis to a phrase 对一词组加强语气. 2 ~ (on sth) (placing of) special meaning, value or importance (on sth) （付予某事物）特殊的意义、 价值或重要性: * Some schools put/lay/place great emphasis on language study. 有些学校极注重语言学习. * The emphasis here is on hard work, not enjoyment. 这里至关重要的是努力工作, 而不是享乐. 派生： emphasize, -ise[5emfEsaiz; 5emfE7saiz] v [Tn, Tf] put emphasis on (sth); give emphasis to (sth); stress 强调; 着重; 加强（某词语）的语气; 重读: * Which word should I emphasize? 我应该重读哪个词? * He emphasized the importance of careful driving/that careful driving was important. 他强调小心驾驶的重要性[小心驾驶很重要]. emphatic/im'fAtik; im'fAtik] adj 1 having, showing or using emphasis 加强语气的; 强调的; 重视的; 重点的; 着重的; 重读的: * an emphatic denial 断然的否认 * He was most emphatic that I should go. 他极力强调我应该去. 2 definite and clear 肯定的; 明确的; 显着的: * an emphatic victory 有目共睹的胜利. emphatically[-kli; -kli] adv.

emphysema
[7emfi'si:mE; 7emfi'simE] n [U] (medical 医) disease that affects the lungs and makes breathing difficult 气肿; 肺气肿.

empire
[5empaiE(r); 5empair] n 1 [C] group of countries or states under a single ruler or ruling power 帝国: * the Roman Empire 罗马帝国. 2 [U] (fml 文) supreme political power 帝权; 绝对支配权: * the responsibilities of empire 有绝对支配权的统治. 3 [C] (fig 比喻) large commercial organization controlled by one person or group （由一人或一集团控制的）大企业组织: * a publishing empire 大出版企业. 复合： `empire-building n [U] (often derog 常作贬义) process of deliberately acquiring extra territory, authority, etc. 扩张领土、 权力等.

empirical
[im'pirikl; em'pirikl] adj (of knowledge) based on observation or experiment, not on theory （指知识）以观察或实验为根据的（非理论的）. Cf 参看 transcendental. 派生： empirically[-kli; -kli] adv. empiricism/im'pirisizEm; em'pirE7sizEm] n [U] use of empirical methods 观察或实验方法的运用; 经验主义. empiricist[-sist; -sist] n person who works in an empirical way 以观察或实验方法工作的人; 经验主义者.

emplacement
[im'pleismEnt; im'plesmEnt] n preparedposition or platform for a heavy gun or guns 炮位; 炮台.

employ
[im'plCi; im'plCi] v [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.n/a, Cn.t] 1 ~ sb (in/on sth); ~ sb (as sth) give work to sb, usu for payment 雇用某人: * She hasn't been employed (ie has not had a job) for six months now. 她现在已半年没有工作了. * They've just employed five new waiters. 他们刚刚雇用了五个新服务员. * He's employed on the oil rigs. 他受雇在油井钻塔工作. * She's employed as a taxi driver. 她受雇任计程车司机. * They employed him to look after the baby. 他们聘请他照料婴儿. 2 ~ sb/sth (in/on sth); ~ sth (as sth) (fml 文) make use of sb/sth; occupy (time, attention, etc) 使用某人[某事物]; 利用（时间、 注意力等）: * You could employ your spare time better. 你可以把闲暇时间利用得好些. * He was busily employed in cleaning his shoes. 他忙着擦鞋. * He employed his knife as a lever. 他把刀子当 用. * The police employed force to open the door. 警方强行把门打开了. 派生： employ n [U] (fml 文) service or employment 服务; 工作; 职业; 雇用; 受雇: I left their employ after an argument. 我与他们争吵之後就辞掉了工作. * How long has she been in your employ (ie employed by you)? 你雇用她多长时间了? employable[-Ebl; -Ebl] adj [usu pred 通常作表语] that can be employed 可雇用; 可使用. employee[7emplCi'i:, also im'plCii:; 7emplCi'i, im'plCii] n person who works for sb or for a company in return for wages 受雇者; 雇工; 雇员: * The manager sacked three employees. 经理开除了叁名雇员. employer n person or company that employs others 雇用者; 雇主: They're not good employers, ie They treat their workers badly. 他们不是好雇主.

employment
[im'plCimEnt; im'plCimEnt] n [U] 1 (a) act of employing 雇用; 使用: * The expansion of the factory will mean the employment of sixty extra workers. 工厂的扩展意味着将增雇六十名工人. (b) state of being employed 受雇用; 被使用: * be in/out of regular full-time employment 有[没有]固定的全日工作. 2 occupation (esp regular paid work) 职业: * give employment to sb 雇用某人 * find employment 找工作 * [attrib 作定语] government employment office 政府就业事务处. =>Usage at trade1 用法见trade1. 复合： em`ployment agency private business that helps people to find work and employers to find workers 职业介绍所.

emporium
[im'pC:riEm; im'pCriEm] n (pl -riums or -ria[-riE; -riE] ) (joc or fml 谑或文) (a) centre of trade; market 贸易中心; 市场. (b) (esp US) large shop 大商店.

empower
[im'pauE(r); im'paul] v [Cn.t esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (fml 文) give lawful power or authority (to sb) to act 授权（给某人）采取行动: * The new laws empower the police to stop anybody in the street. 新法令授予警方可在街上截停任何人的权力. * The lawyer was empowered to pay all her bills. 已授权给律师偿付她的一切帐项.

empress
[5empris; 5empris] n (a) female ruler of an empire 女皇. (b) wife or widow of an emperor 皇后.

empty
1[5empti; 5empti] adj 1 (a) having nothing inside 空的: * an empty box 空盒子 * an empty lorry, ie one without a load 空卡车 * Your glass is empty. 你的杯子空了. (b) with nobody in it 空无一人的: * an empty house, room, chair, bus 空着的房子、 房间、 椅子、 公共汽车 * empty streets 空无一人的街道 * The cinema was half empty. 电影院空着一半. 2 (a) [pred 作表语] ~ of sth without or lacking in (a quality) 没有或缺乏（某种性质）: * (fml 文) words empty of meaning 无意义的话. (b) without sense or purpose 没有感知的; 没有意义的; 没有目的的: * empty threats, words, promises, dreams 虚张声势的恐吓、 空话、 空洞的许诺、 虚幻的梦想 * My life feels empty now the children have left home. 因为孩子们已离开了家, 我感到生活很空虚. 3 (infml 口) hungry 饥饿的: * I feel jolly empty! 我饿极了! 4 (idm 习语) on an empty `stomach having eaten nothing 空腹: * It's not good to drink on an empty stomach. 空着肚子喝酒不好. 派生： empties n [pl] (infml 口) empty bottles, boxes, crates, etc 空瓶子、 空盒子、 空木箱等: Put your empties on the doorstep for the milkman. 把空奶瓶放到门阶上, 等送奶人来取. emptiness[5emptinis; 5emptinis] n [U]. 复合： ,empty-`handed adj [pred 作表语] bringing back or taking away nothing 空手: They always arrive at parties empty-handed. 他们总是空着手参加聚会. * return empty-handed from an unsuccessful shopping trip 这趟购物之行什麽也没买成, 空手而归. ,empty-`headed adj (of people) foolish and without common sense （指人）愚蠢的, 无头脑的: an,empty-headed young `idiot 没头脑的小笨蛋. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Empty and full have wide uses. *empty和full的使用范围很广. Any container or building can be full (of things or people) or empty 任何容器或建 物都可为full（有物或人）或empty: The theatre was almost empty last night. 剧院昨晚几乎是空的.

empty1
* This bottle was full yesterday and now it's empty. 这个瓶子昨天是满的, 现在已经空了. Vacant and occupied relate to the long-term use of a building, etc *vacant和occupied指对建 物等的长期使用: There are some vacant offices on the third floor. 四楼有几间空着的办公室. * All the flats are occupied now. 所有的单元现在都已住满. They can also refer to the short-term use of a room, etc. 这两个词也可指短期使用房间等: The lavatory is vacant. 厕所现在无人使用. * All the seats are occupied. 所有的座位都坐满了.

emu
[5i:mju:; 5imju] n large Australian bird that runs quickly but cannot fly 鸸稝（产於澳洲的大型鸟, 善跑而不能飞翔）.

emulate
[5emjuleit; 5emjE7let] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (at sth) (fml 文) try to do as well as or better than sb 赶超某人; 与某人竞争: * emulate her sister's sporting achievements 赶超她姐姐的运动成绩 * emulate her elder sister at the piano 在钢琴演奏上与她姐姐竞争. 派生： emulation[7emju'leiFn; 7emjE'leFEn] n [U] (fml 文) action or state of emulating 赶超; 竞赛; 竞争: * She worked hard in emulation of her elder sister. 她努力赶超姐姐.

emulsify
[i'mQlsifai; i'mQlsE7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) [I, Tn] become an emulsion or make an emulsion of (sth) 乳化; 使（某物）乳化: * The sauce has emulsified. 调味汁已经乳化了. * emulsify the oil 使油乳化.

emulsion
[i'mQlFn; i'mQlFEn] n [C, U] 1 creamy liquid in which particles of oil or fat are evenly distributed 乳状液. 2 medicine or paint in this form 乳剂; 乳漆: * [attrib 作定语] emulsion paint, ie paint that has a matt rather than a glossy finish when dry 乳状漆（乾後无光泽的漆）. 3 light-sensitive substance on the surface of photographic film 感光乳剂.

en famille
[7Cn fA'mi:; 7anfA'mi] (French 法) at home; among one's family 在家; 与家人一起: * I always enjoy winter evenings spent en famille. 我一向喜欢与家人共度冬宵.

en masse
[7Cn 'mAs; an'mAs] (French 法) in a mass or crowd; all together 成群; 全体; 一齐; 一起: * Individually the children are delightful; en masse they can be unbearable. 孩子们单独时还讨人喜欢, 一多了就受不了了. * The Joneses are coming for lunch en masse all twelve of them! 琼斯一大家子人都来吃午饭--一共十二口人!

en passant
[7Cn 'pAsCn; 7anpa'san] (French 法) in passing; by the way 顺便: * He mentioned en passant that he was going away. 他顺便提到他要离开的事.

en route
[7Cn 'ru:t; an'rut] ~ (from...) (to...); ~ (for...) (French 法) on the way 在路上; 在中途: * We stopped at Paris en route from Rome to London. 我们从罗马去伦敦的途中曾在巴黎停留. * They passed through Paris en route for Rome. 他们途经巴黎前往罗马.

en suite
[7Cn 'swi:t; an'swit] (French 法) (of rooms, etc) forming a single unit （指房间等）构成独立单元: * Each bedroom in the hotel has a bathroom en suite. 该旅馆每间卧室都有一洗澡间自成一套.

en-
(also em-) pref 前缀 1 (with ns or vs forming vs 与名词或动词结合构成动词) put into or on 放进; 放上: encase * endanger * empanel. 2 (with adjs or ns forming vs 与形容词或名词结合构成动词) make into; cause to be 变成; 变得; 使成为: enlarge * enrich * empower.

enable
[i'neibl; in'ebl] v 1 [Cn.t] make (sb) able to do sth by giving him the necessary authority or means 使（某人）能够做某事物: * This pass enables me to travel half-price on trains. 我用这张通行证坐火车半价. * A rabbit's large ears enable it to hear the slightest sound. 兔子耳朵大能听到极微小的声音. 2 [Tn] make (sth) possible 使（某事）成为可能: * The conference will enable greater international co-operation. 这次会议能进一步促进国际间的合作.

enact
[i'nAkt; in'Akt] v 1 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (fml 文) perform (a part, play, etc) on, or as if on, the stage of a theatre 演出（戏剧等）; 展现: * a one-act drama enacted by children 儿童演出的独幕剧 * A strange ritual was enacted before our eyes. 在我们眼前展现出一种奇特的仪式. 2 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态, Tf] (fml or law 文或律) make or pass (a decree) 制定或通过（法令）: * enacted by Parliament 由议会制定的 * Be it further enacted that... 再进一步规定.... 派生： enactment n 1 [U] (fml or law 文或律) enacting 演出; 展现; 制定; 规定; 通过: the enactment of the drama 该剧的演出 * the enactment of the new bill 新法案的制定. 2 [C] law 法律; 法令; 法规: The enactment states that... 法律规定....

enamel
[i'nAml; i'nAml] n [U] 1 glass-like substance used for coating metal, pottery, etc for decoration or as protection 搪瓷; 珐琅; 瓷釉: * Some of the enamel on this pan is chipped off. 这平底锅上的搪瓷有些已脱落. * [attrib 作定语] enamel ware, ie manufactured goods such as pots, pans, etc with hard enamel surfaces 搪瓷器皿 * enamel paint, ie paint that dries to make a hard glossy surface 瓷漆. 2 hard outer covering of teeth （牙齿的）珐琅质. =>illus at tooth 见tooth之插图. 派生： enamel v (-ll-; US also -l-) [Tn] cover or decorate (sth) with enamel 给（某物）涂上瓷釉: enamelled jewellery 带瓷釉的首饰.

enamoured
(US enamored)[i'nAmEd; in'Amld] adj [pred 作表语] ~ of/with sth (fml or joc 文或谑) fond of or delighted by sth 喜欢某事物; 倾心於某事物: * enamoured of the sound of one's own voice 陶醉於自己的嗓音 * I'm not too enamoured with the idea of spending a whole day with him. 我可不太喜欢一整天都跟他在一起.

encamp
[in'kAmp; in'kAmp] v [I, Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] settle in camp 扎营; 野营; 露营: * The soldiers are encamped in the forest. 士兵在森林里安营. * (fig 比喻) The strikers have been encamping outside the factory for weeks. 罢工者数周来都在工厂外宿营. 派生： encampment n place where troops, etc are encamped 部队等的营地.

encapsulate
[in'kApsjuleit; in'kApsE7let] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in sth) (fml 文) 1 enclose sth (as if) in a capsule （似）用胶囊包某物: * This story encapsulates scenes from his childhood. 这个故事讲的是他童年的事. 2 express sth briefly; summarize sth 简述某事; 总结某事: * The chairman's short statement encapsulates the views of the committee. 主席的简短陈辞概括了委员会的观点.

encase
[in'keis; in'kes] v [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: * Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in sth) (fml 文) surround or cover sth (as) with a case （似）将某物置於箱、 盒、 套等之中: * His broken leg was encased in plaster. 他折的腿打上了石膏.

encephalitis
[7enkefE'laitis; 7ensefE'laitis] n [U] inflammation of the brain 脑炎.

enchant
[in'tFa:nt; - -'tFAnt; in'tFAnt] v [Tn] fill (sb) with great delight 使（某人）极喜悦; 使（某人）陶醉: * enchanted by/with the singing of the children被孩子们的歌声迷住. 派生： enchanted[-id; -id] adj placed under a magic spell 中魔法的: * an enchanted garden, eg in a fairy story 施过魔法的花园（如於童话故事中）. enchanter n person who enchants 迷人的人; 施魔法的人. enchanting adj delightful 令人喜悦的; 迷人的; 可爱的: What an enchanting little girl! 多麽可爱的小姑娘! enchantingly adv. enchantment n 1 [U] being enchanted 心醉; 销魂; 着迷. 2 [C] thing that enchants 令人心醉、 销魂或着迷之物. 3 [U] delight 乐趣: Dancing has lost all its enchantment for her. 她已完全失去跳舞的乐趣. enchantress n[-tris; -tris] woman who enchants or is enchanting 迷人的女子; 施魔法的女子: * seduced by an enchantress 受一迷人女子的诱惑.

encircle
[in'sE:kl; in'sEkl] v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] form a circle round; surround 环绕; 围绕; 包围: * a lake encircled by trees 树木环绕着的湖 * enemy troops encircling the town 包围该城的敌军. > encirclement n [U].

encl
abbr 缩写 = (commerce 商) enclosed; enclosure (used eg at the end of a letter sent with one).

enclave
[5enkleiv; 5enklev] n small territory of one state surrounded by that of another 飞地（被他国领土包围的一块领土）: * British enclaves in Africa 非洲的英国飞地 * (fig 比喻) Switzerland was an enclave of peace in war-torn Europe. 在饱经战争磨难的欧洲, 瑞士是和平的世外桃源.

enclose
[in'klEuz; in'kloz] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) 1 (also inclose) put a wall, fence, etc round sth 用墙、 篱笆等围住某物: * enclose a garden with a wall 在花园周围 起墙 * an enclosed order of monks, ie one that lives in isolation from the outside world 隐修士团. 2 put sth in an envelope, letter, parcel, etc 将某物放入封套、 信件、 包裹等中: * I'll enclose your letter with mine. 我把你的信装在我的信里. * A cheque for ten pounds is enclosed. 附上一张十英镑的支票. * (fml or commerce 文或商) Enclosed, please find..., ie You will find, enclosed with this... 兹附上....

enclosure
[in'klEuVE(r); in'kloVl] n 1 (a) [U] enclosing of land 圈地: * opposed to the enclosure of common land 反对把公地圈为私有. (b) [C] (also inclosure) piece of land that is enclosed 被圈起的土地: * She keeps a horse in that enclosure. 她在那个围栏里养了一匹马. * the members' enclosure, eg at a racecourse 会员座区（如赛马场上的）. 2 [C] thing that is enclosed (esp with a letter) 附件（尤指信内的）: * several enclosures in the envelope 装在信封内的几份附件.

encode
[in'kEud; in'kod] v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (a) put (a message, etc) into code 将（信息等）译成代码. (b) (computing 计) put (data) into a coded form for processing by a computer 编码. Cf 参看 decode.

encomium
[en'kEumiEm; en'komiEm] n (pl -miums or -mia[-miE; -miE] ) (fml 文) very high praise in speech or writing 极高的赞颂; 推崇; 赞词; 颂词.

encompass
[in'kQmpEs; in'kQmpEs] v [Tn] (fml 文) 1 include or comprise sth 包含或包括某事物: * The general arts course at the university encompasses a wide range of subjects. 大学文科包括的科目范围很广. 2 (also compass) (dated 旧) surround 包围; 环绕: * a lake encompassed by mountains 群山环抱的湖.

encore
[5CNkC:(r); 5aNkCr] interj (called out by an audience) Again! Repeat!（听众或观众喊出的）再来一个! 再来一次! 派生： encore n (call for a) repetition (of a song, etc) or a further performance by the same person or people 再演（唱等）（的呼喊）: The violinist got an enthusiastic encore. 听众热情要求小提琴手再演奏一曲. * The group gave three encores. 演出小组应听众之请又演出了叁个节目.

encounter
[in'kauntE(r); in'kauntl] v [Tn] (fml 文) 1 meet or find oneself faced by (sth/sb unpleasant, dangerous, difficult, etc) 遇到或发现自己面临（令人不快的、 危险的、 困难的...某事[某人]）: * I encountered many difficulties when I first started this job. 我开始做这项工作时, 遇到许多困难. * We encountered four enemy aircraft. 我们遇到四架敌机. 2 meet (a friend, etc) unexpectedly 邂逅（友人等）. 派生： encounter n ~ (with sb/sth) sudden or unexpected (esp hostile) meeting 突然的或意外的（尤指敌对的）相遇: an encounter with an enemy 与敌人的遭遇 * I had a brief encounter with an angry client. 我与一个生气的顾客一时发生了冲突.

encourage
[in'kQridV; in'kQridV] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.t] ~ sb (in sth) give support, confidence or hope to sb 鼓励或支持某人: * Don't encourage bad habits in a child. 不要助长孩子的坏习惯. * He felt encouraged by the progress he'd made. 他取得了成绩而欢欣鼓舞. * Her parents encouraged her in her studies. 她的父母鼓励她好好学习. * encourage sb to lose weight 鼓励某人减轻体重. 2 [Tn] help (sth) to develop; stimulate 帮助（某事物）发展; 激励; 促进: * encourage exports 促进出口. 派生： encouragement n ~ (to sb) (to do sth) (a) [U] action of encouraging 鼓励; 支持; 激励; 促进: shouts of encouragement 鼓劲的呼声. (b) [C] thing that encourages 鼓励、 支持或促进的事物: The teacher's words were a great encouragement to him. 教师的话对他是极大的鼓舞. encouraging adj: encouraging words, news, signs 令人鼓舞的话、 消息、 迹象 * This year's sales figures are veryencouraging. 今年的销售额很令人鼓舞. encouraginglyadv.

encroach
[in'krEutF; in'krotF] v [I, Ipr] ~ (on/upon sth) (fml 文) go beyond what is right or natural or desirable; intrude 超出正当的、 自然的或适当的程度; 侵入; 侵害: * encroach on sb's property 侵占某人的财产 * encroach on the liberty of the individual 侵犯个人自由 * The sea is gradually encroaching (on the land), ie washing the land away. 海水渐渐浸蚀了陆地. 派生： encroachment n ~ (on/upon sth) (fml 文) (a) [U] action of encroaching 侵入; 侵害; 侵占: I resent the encroachment on my time. 我讨厌别人侵占我的时间. (b) [C] thing gained by encroaching 侵占或侵害之物: encroachments made by the sea upon the land 海水对陆地的侵蚀之处.

encrust
[in'krQst; in'krQst] v 1 [usu passive 通常用於被动语态: * Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) cover (a surface) with a crust or thin hard coating, sometimes for decoration 在（表面）覆以薄而硬的壳或外层（有时作为装饰）: * a gold vase encrusted with diamonds 镶嵌钻石的金花瓶 * an encrusted wound 结痂的伤口. 2 [I] form into a crust 形成壳或硬皮: * Salt from the sea had encrusted on the dry sand. 海水中的盐分在乾燥的沙子上结成硬皮.

encumber
[in'kQmbE(r); in'kQmbl] v [usu passive 通常用於被动语态: * Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (with sth) 1 prevent sb/sth from moving or acting freely and easily 阻碍或妨碍某人[某物]自由活动: * Travelling is difficult when you're encumbered with two small children and a heavy suitcase. 旅行时带着两个孩子和一个沉重的手提箱, 真是寸步难移. * encumbered with debts 为债务所累. 2 (derog 贬) crowd sth; fill sth up 堆满某物; 充填某物: * a room encumbered with old and useless furniture 堆满无用的旧家具的房间. 派生： encumbrance/in'kQmbrEns; in'kQmbrEns] n [C] person or thing that encumbers 防碍者; 障碍物; 累赘; 负担.

encyclical
[in'siklikl; en'siklikl] n letter written by the Pope for wide circulation 教皇通谕.

encyclopedia
(also -paedia)[in7saiklE'pi:diE; in7saiklE'pidiE] n book or set of books giving information about every branch of knowledge, or about one particular subject, with articles in alphabetical order 百科全书: * an encyclopedia of music 音乐百科全书 * a children's encyclopaedia 儿童百科全书. 派生： encyclopedic (also -paedic)[in7saiklE'pi:dik; in7saiklE'pidik] adj dealing with or having knowledge of a wide variety of subjects; comprehensive 百科全书的; 包含各种学科的; 学识渊博的; 广博的: * en,cyclopedic `knowledge 渊博的知识.

end
1[end; end] n 1 farthest or last part or point (of the length of sth); extreme limit 末端; 尽头; 极限: * the end of a road, stick, line 路的终点、 棍的顶端、 线的末端 * the house at the end of the street 在街道尽头的房屋 * join the end of the queue 站在一排人的最後 * the end of the tunnel 隧道的终点 * the west/east end (ie the parts in the west/east) of a town 城镇的西[东]区 * We've travelled from one end of Britain to the other. 我们已从英国的这一头旅行到另一头. * [attrib 作定语] the end house 最末尾的房子 * the end carriage, ie in a train 末节车厢. 2 final part of sth; finish; conclusion 某事物的最後部分; 结束; 结论; 终结; 终止: * at the end of the day, month, year, century, etc 在一日、 月、 年、 世纪等之终结时 * the end of a story 故事的结尾 * He said he'd love her till the end of time, ie for ever. 他说天长地久永远爱她. * the end of an era 一个时代的终结. 3 small piece left over after sth has been used 某物使用後剩下的小块: * a cigarette end 香烟头 * candle ends 蜡烛头. 4 (often euph 常作委婉语) death 死亡: * He's nearing his end, ie is dying. 他已气息奄奄. * She came to an untimely end, ie died young. 她死的时候很年青. 5 aim or purpose 目的; 目标: * gain/win/achieve one's ends 达到目的 * with this end in view/to this end 以此为目标[为达此目的]. 6 half of a sports pitch, etc defended or occupied by one team or player （球类比赛场地中的）半场: * At half-time the teams changed ends. 比赛进行一半时, 双方交换了场地. 7 part or share (esp of a business, etc) with which a person is concerned 与某人有关的（尤指企业等的）部门或部分: * We need someone to handle the marketing end of the business. 我们需要有人管理本公司的销售部. * Are there any problems at your end? 你那部门有问题吗? 8 (idm 习语) at a loose end => loose1.

end1
(be) at an end finished 结束; 终结: * The war was at an end. 战争结束了. at the ,end of one's `tether having no power, patience, endurance, etc left 已无力量、 耐性、 耐力等: * I've been looking after four young children all day and I really am at the end of my tether! 我整天都在照料四个小孩, 确实已筋疲力尽了! (be) at the end of sth finishing sth; having no more of sth 完成某事物; 已无某事物: * at the end of his patience 他已再无耐性. at the ,end of the `day when everything is taken into consideration 把一切都考虑进去: * At the end of the day the new manager is no better than the previous one. 从各个方面来看, 这位新经理并不比前任强. at one's wits' end => wit. be at/on the receiving end => receive. be the end (infml 口) be the limit of what one can tolerate; be very bad, annoying, etc 可忍受的极限; 非常糟、 令人恼怒等: * This is the end I'm never coming to this hotel again. 可受够了--我再也不到这家旅馆来了. * They really are the end! 他们真令人恼火! the beginning of the end => beginning (begin). bring sth/come/draw to an end (cause sth to) finish, usu after lasting some time （使某事物）结束, 终止（通常为已持续一段时间的）: * The battle finally brought the war to an end. 这一仗使这场战争终告结束. * At last the meeting came to an end. 会议终於结束了. burn the candle at both ends => burn2.the business end => business. come to a bad/sticky `end be led by one's actions to ruin, disgrace, punishment, an unpleasant death, etc 遭到报应; 恶有恶报: * He'll come to a bad end one of these days. 他总有一天会遭到恶报的. * I like films where the villain comes to a sticky end! 我喜欢恶有恶报的影片! a dead end => dead. an ,end in it`self thing that is considered important in its own right, though possibly originally having another purpose 本身即很重要的事物（可能起初并不为主）:

end2
* For the old lady buying the daily newspaper soon became an end in itself, since she really just wanted to chat with the shopkeeper. 那老太太每天去买报纸, 不多时便觉乐在其中, 因为她主要是想和店主聊天. the ,end ,justifies the `means (saying 谚) even wrong or unfair methods may be allowed if the result or purpose of the action is good 只要目的正当, 可以不择手段. (reach) the ,end of the `line/`road (reach) the point at which one does not wish, or cannot bear, to continue in the same way （达到）不希望的或不能容忍的地步: * It's sad that they got divorced but they had reached the end of the line together. 他们离婚令人难过, 但双方已达到无法容忍的地步了. (not) the ,end of the `world (not) completely disastrous for sb 对某人（不）是天大的灾难: * You must realize that failing one exam is not the end of the world. 你要明白, 一次不及格不是大不了的事. (go to) the ,ends of the `earth (go to) the most remote parts of the world （去）天涯海角: * (fig 比喻) I'd go to the ends of the earth to see her again. 哪怕走遍天涯海角, 我也要再次见到她. ,end `on with the ends meeting 两端相遇: * The two ships collided end on, ie The front (or back) of one struck the front (or back) of the other. 那两条船两端相撞了. ,end to `end in a line, with the ends touching 首尾相接成一行: * arrange the tables end to end 将桌子连接排成一行. get hold of the wrong end of the stick => wrong. go off the deep end => deep1. in the `end at last; finally 终於; 最後: * He tried many different jobs; in the end he became a postman. 他做过多种工作, 最後当了邮递员. keep one's `end up (Brit infml 口) continue to be cheerful and play one's part despite difficulties （不顾困难）仍乐观而尽本分, 不 气. light at the end of the tunnel => light1. make an end of sth (fml 文) finish sth 结束某事物. make

end3
(both) ends meet earn enough money to live without getting into debt; balance one's income and expenditure 使收支相抵: * Being out of work and having two young children, they found it impossible to make ends meet. 他们失了业, 还要养活两个小孩, 无法维持起码的生活. make one's hair stand on end => hair. a means to an end => means1. no end of sth (infml 口) very many or much; very great 无数的; 大量的; 巨大的: * I've had no end of problems recently. 近来我的问题没完没了. * We had no end of trouble getting them to agree. 我们为让他们同意着实费尽了口舌. not/never hear the end of sth => hear. odds and ends => odds. on `end (a) upright 直立; 竖着: * He placed the box on (its) end and sat on it. 他把箱子竖起来, 坐在上面. (b) continuously 连续地: * They argued for two hours on end. 他们连续争论了两小时. put an `end to one's life/oneself kill oneself 自杀. put an end/a stop to sth stop sth from happening any more; abolish sth 终止或废止某事物: * The government is determined to put an end to terrorism. 政府决心遏止恐怖主义活动. the thin end of the wedge => thin. throw sb in at the deep end => deep1. to the bitter end => bitter. without `end never reaching an end or finishing 无尽的; 无穷的: * troubles without end 无穷无尽的烦恼 * world without end 广袤无际的天地. 复合： `endpapers n [pl] (usu blank) pages pasted to the inside covers of a book 扉页（书籍封面及封底内侧所贴的衬页, 通常为空白页）. `end-product n final product of a manufacturing process 最终产品.

endanger
[in'deindVE(r); in'dendVl] v [Tn] cause danger to (sb/sth); put in danger 危及, 危害（某人[某事物]）; 使遭到危险: * Smoking endangers your health. 吸烟危害健康. * The giant panda is an endangered species, ie is in danger of becoming extinct. 大熊猫是面临绝种危险的动物.

endear
[in'diE(r); in'dir] v [Tn.pr] ~ sb/oneself to sb (fml 文) make sb/oneself loved or liked by sb 使某人[自己]受某人喜爱: * Her kindness to my children greatly endeared her to me. 她对我的孩子很好, 所以我十分喜爱她. * He managed to endear himself to everybody. 他有办法让大家都喜欢他. 派生： endearing adj causing or resulting in affection 使人喜爱的; 讨人喜欢的: an endearing remark, smile, habit 讨人喜欢的话、 微笑、 习惯. endearingly adv. endearment n [C, U] word or expression of affection 爱慕的词语; 亲爱的表示: He whispered endearments in her ear. 他在她耳边说着悄悄话. * `Darling' is a term of endearment. ‘亲爱的’是亲昵语.

endeavour
(US -vor)[in'devE(r); in'devl] n (fml 文) attempt or effort 努力; 尽力: * Please make every endeavour to arrive punctually. 请尽量准时到达. 派生： endeavour v [It] (fml 文) try 努力; 尽力; 力图: They endeavoured to make her happy but in vain. 他们尽量使她快乐, 却徒劳无功.

endemic
[en'demik; en'demik] n, adj [often pred 常作表语] (disease) that is regularly found in a particular country or area, or among a particular group of people 某国家、 地区或某部分人中常见的（疾病）; 地方性的（病）: * Malaria is endemic in/to many hot countries. 疟疾是热带许多国家的地方病. * (fig 比喻) the violence endemic in the city 该城中肆虐的暴力行为. Cf 参看 epidemic, pandemic.

endive
[5endiv; - -daiv; 5endaiv] n [C, U] 1 (US also escarole) type of plant with curly leaves used as salad 苣 _148_61951 买菜（用作凉菜）. 2 (US) = chicory.

endless
[5endlis; 5endlis] adj 1 (seemingly) without end （似乎）无止境的; 无穷尽的: * endless patience 无限的耐心 * an endless choice of things to do 可做之事数之不尽 * The hours of waiting seemed endless. 等候了很多小时, 似乎无尽无休. 2 (of a belt, chain, cable, etc) with the ends joined; continuous （指带、 链、 缆等）两端相连的, 循环不断的: * wheels in a machine driven by an endless belt 用无极带传动的机器轮子. > endlessly adv.

endorse
[in'dC:s; in'dCrs] v [Tn] 1 write one's name on the back of (esp a cheque) 在（尤指支票）的背面签字; 背书. 2 (a) write comments, etc in or on the back of (a document) 在（文件）的背面写评论; 批注（公文）. (b) (Brit) record details of a motoring offence in (a driving licence) 在（驾驶执照上）记录违章事项: * He's had his licence endorsed for dangerous driving. 他的驾驶执照上载有危险驾驶记录. 3 give one's (official) approval or support to (a claim, statement, etc) （正式）赞同或支持（某要求、 言论等）: * I am afraid I can't endorse your opinion of the government's record. 很抱歉, 你对政府功过的看法本人不敢苟同. 4 say in an advertisement that one uses and approves of (a product) 在广告上说本人使用并赞许（某产品）: * Well-known sportsmen can earn large sums of money from manufacturers by endorsing clothes and equipment. 着名运动员在广告中替厂家宣传运动服装和器械, 可获得巨额报酬. 派生： endorsement n (a) [U] act of endorsing 背书; 批注; （在执照上的）违章记录; 赞同; 支持: the endorsement of a cheque 支票的背书 * official endorsement of the scheme 对该计划的正式认可. (b) [C] instance of this; statement that endorses 背书; 批注; （在执照上的）违章记录; 赞同; 支持: Her son has had two endorsements for speeding. 她儿子的驾驶执照上有两次超速记录.

endow
[in'dau; in'dau] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (with sth) give money, property, etc to provide a regular income for (eg a school, a college) （经常性）资助, 捐助（如学校等）: * endow a bed in a hospital 资助医院的一个床位（即经常资助一名住院病人的全部医疗费用）. 2 [Tn.pr usu passive 通常用於被动语态] ~ sb with sth provide sb naturally with (any good quality or ability) 使某人天生具有（任何好的品质或能力）: * She's endowed with intelligence as well as beauty. 她生来聪明貌美. 派生： endowment n 1 [U] action of endowing （经常的）资助, 捐助: the endowment of many schools by rich former pupils 许多学校经常得到富裕校友的资助. 2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] money, property, etc given to provide an income 捐助的财物等: The Oxford and Cambridge colleges have numerous endowments. 牛津和剑桥大学有数不清的捐助财物. 3 [C usu pl 通常作复数] natural talent, quality or ability 天赋; 天资; 才能: Not everyone is born with such endowments as you. 并非所有的人生来都像你这样有天赋. en`dowment policy form of life insurance where a certain sum is paid on a specified date to the insured person or is paid to that person's dependents if he dies before that date 养老保险.

endue
[in'dju:; - -'du:; in'du] v [Tn.pr usu passive 通常用於被动语态] ~ sb with sth (fml 文) provide or supply sb with a good quality, ability etc 给予或赋予某人好的品质、 能力等: * endued with gentleness 天赋的温顺.

endurance
[in'djuErEns; - -'duE-; in'durEns] n [U] state or power of enduring 忍耐力: * He showed remarkable endurance throughout his illness. 他生病的整个阶段都表现出非凡的忍耐力. * His treatment of her was beyond endurance, ie impossible to endure any longer. 他这样对待她是无法忍受的. * [attrib 作定语] The soldiers eventually completed the endurance tests, ie tests of how long they could endure harsh conditions. 士兵们终於完成了耐力测验. * (fig 比喻) Jane's party was more of an endurance test than anything else. 参加简举办的聚会完全是考验耐性.

endure
[in'djuE(r); - -'duEr; in'dur] v 1 [I, Tn] suffer or undergo (sth painful or uncomfortable) patiently 忍受; 忍耐: * endure toothache 忍受牙痛 * He endured three years in prison for his religious beliefs. 他因其宗教信仰而忍受系狱叁年之苦. 2 [Tn, Tt, Tg] (esp in negative sentences 尤用於否定句) bear; tolerate 忍受; 容忍: * I can't endure that woman. 我对那个女人忍无可忍. * I can't endure to see/seeing children suffer. 看着儿童受苦, 我可受不了. 3 [I] continue in existence; last 持续; 持久: * fame that will endure for ever 将永世长存的声望 * as long as life endures 只要生命犹存 * These traditions have endured throughout the ages. 这些传统世代相传至今. 派生： endurable[-rEbl; -rEbl] adj that can be endured; bearable 可忍耐的; 可忍受的; 可容忍的: * He found the boredom scarcely endurable. 他觉得这种厌烦难以忍受. enduring adj continuing in existence; lasting 持续的; 持久的: enduring memories 永存的记忆 * an enduring peace 持久的和平 * Her influence was the most enduring of all. 她的影响是最持久的. enduringly adv.

endways
[5endweiz; 5end7wez] (also endwise/ 5endwaIz; `Znd9waIz/) adv 1 with the end facing forwards 末端向前: * The bed was pushed endways into the bedroom. 这张床已尾端朝前推入了卧室. 2 end to end 两端相接地: * The child put the toy cars together endways. 孩子将玩具汽车两端相连摆在一起.

enema
[5enimE; 5enEmE] n 1 injection of liquid into the rectum by means of a syringe (eg to clean out the bowels before an operation) 灌肠（如手术前）: * give a patient an enema 给病人灌肠. 2 liquid used for this 灌肠剂.

enemy
[5enEmi; 5enEmi] n 1 [C] person who strongly dislikes or wants to injure or attack sb/sth 敌人; 仇人; 仇敌: * Jane and Sarah used to be friends but now they are bitter enemies, ie of each other. 简和萨拉以前是朋友而现在是死对头. * His arrogance made him many enemies, ie made many people hate him. 他妄自尊大, 树敌很多. 2 (a) the enemy [Gp] (armed) forces of a nation, side, etc with which one's country, side, etc is at war 敌军: * an encounter with the enemy 与敌军的遭遇战 * The enemy was/were forced to retreat. 敌军被迫撤退了. * [attrib 作定语] enemy forces, aircraft, ships, etc 敌军、 敌机、 敌舰等 * enemy propaganda 敌方的宣传. (b) [C] member of such a hostile force 敌兵. 3 [C] anything that harms or weakens 危害或削弱之物: * Poverty and ignorance are the enemies of progress. 贫穷和愚昧是进步的敌人. 4 (idm 习语) one's own worst enemy => worst. carry the war into the enemy's camp => carry.

energy
[5enEdVi; 5enldVi] n 1 [U] ability to act or work with strength and eagerness 精力; 干劲: * She's full of energy. 她精力充沛. * His work seemed to lack energy. 他工作似乎缺乏干劲. * It's a waste of time and energy. 那简直是浪费时间和精力. 2 energies [pl] person's powers available for working or other activities 精力; 活力: * I must concentrate my energies on decorating today. 我今天必须集中精力搞装饰. * apply/devote all one's energies to a task 全力以赴. 3 [U] (physics 物) ability of matter or radiation to do work because of its motion or its mass or its electric charge, etc 能; 能量: * nuclear energy 核能 * electrical energy 电能 * kinetic energy 动能. 4 [U] fuel and other resources used for operating machinery, etc 能源: * It is important to conserve energy. 节省能源十分重要. * [attrib 作定语] an energy crisis, eg when sources of energy are scarce or unavailable 能源危机. 派生： energetic[7enE'dVetik; 7enl'dVetik] full of or done with energy(1) 精力充沛的; 充满活力的: * an energetic child 精力旺盛的孩子 * take some energetic exercise 做些剧烈的锻炼. energetically[-kli; -kli] adv. energize, -ise[5enEdVaiz; 5enE7dVaiz] v [Tn] (a) give energy to (sb/sth) 给与（某人[某物]）精力, 能量. (b) cause electricity to flow to (a device) 使电流入（一装置）.

enervate
[5enEveit; 5enl7vet] v [Tn] cause (sb) to lose strength or energy 使（某人）失去力量或精力; 使衰弱: * an enervating climate 使人无精打彩的气候 * a long, enervating illness 长期而使人衰弱的病.

enfant terrible
[7CnfCn te'ri:bl; 7anfante'ribl] (pl enfants terribles[7CnfCn te'ri:bl; 7anfante'ribl] ) (French often joc 法, 常作戏谑语) (esp young) person whose behaviour, ideas, etc annoy, shock or embarrass those with more conventional opinions （行为、 想法等）使常人不悦、 震惊或受窘的人（尤指年轻人）: * Her advanced ideas have made her the enfant terrible of the art world. 她一味标新立异, 在艺术界堪称一怪.

enfeeble
[in'fi:bl; in'fibl] v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (fml 文) make weak or feeble 使衰弱; 使无力: * enfeebled by a long illness 因长期患病而虚弱无力.

enfold
[in'fEuld; in'fold] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (in/with sth) (fml 文) enclose sb/sth, esp in one's arms; clasp or embrace sb/sth 围住、 圈起某人[某物]; 抱紧、 拥抱某人[某物]: * He enfolded the child in an affectionate embrace. 他疼爱那孩子而紧紧搂在怀里.

enforce
[in'fC:s; in'fCrs] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (on sb) force people to obey (a law, etc); make sth effective 强迫人服从（法律等）; 使某事物生效; 实施; 执行: * The police are there to enforce the law. 有警方管执法. 2 [Tn] make (sth) happen or bring (sth) about by force 迫使（某事）发生: * enforced silence, discipline, idleness 被迫的沉默、 强迫执行的纪律、 被迫的无事可做. 3 [Tn] give greater force or strength to (an argument, a belief, etc) 加强（某论点、 信念等）: * Have you any statistics that would enforce your argument? 你有没有支持自己论点的统计数字? 派生： enforceable[-Ebl; -Ebl] adj that can be enforced 可强迫的; 可实施的; 可强制执行的; 可加强的: * Such a strict law is not easily enforceable. 这样严竣的法令不易实施. enforcement n [U] enforcing or being enforced 强制; 实施; 执行; 加强: strict enforcement of a new law 新法令的强制执行.

enfranchise
[in'frAntFaiz; in'frAntFaiz] v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (fml 文) 1 give (sb) political rights, esp the right to vote at parliamentary elections给予（某人）政治权利（尤指议会选举权）: * In Britain women were enfranchised in 1918. 1918年英国妇女获得议会选举权. 2 set free (slaves) 解放（奴隶）. > enfranchisement/in'frAntFizmEnt; in'frAntFizmEnt] n [U].

engage
[in'geidV; in'gedV] v 1 [Tn, Cn.n/a] ~ sb (as sth) (fml 文) arrange to employ sb; hire sb 聘用某人; 雇用某人: * engage a new secretary 聘用一新秘书 * He's been engaged to decorate the house. 他受雇装饰这所房子. * She was engaged as an interpreter. 她应聘当译员. 2 [Tn] (fml 文) occupy or attract (sb's thoughts, time, etc) 占用（某人的时间）; 吸引（某人的注意力等）: * Nothing engages his attention for long. 什麽事都无法使他长时间精神集中. * The woman's plight engaged our sympathy. 那女人的困难处境引起我们的同情. 3 [I, Tn] (fml 文) begin fighting with (sb) 与（某人）交战: * Our orders are to engage (the enemy) immediately. 我们的命令是立即（与敌军）开战. * The two armies were fiercely engaged for several hours. 两军激战达数小时. 4 (a) [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) (of parts of a machine, etc) lock or fit together （指机器零件等）啮合, 衔接: * The two cog-wheels engaged and the machine started. 那两个齿轮一啮合, 机器就启动了. * One cog-wheel engages with another. 一齿轮与另一齿轮啮合. (b) [Tn] cause (parts of a machine, etc) to lock together or fit into each other 使（机器零件等）啮合, 衔接: * engage the clutch/first gear, eg in a car, when driving 使离合器啮合[挂一挡]（如开车时）. 5 [Tt] (dated fml 旧, 文) bind oneself by a promise; guarantee 允诺; 答应; 保证: * a lawyer engaged to undertake the sale of the house immediately 受聘将房子立即出售的律师. 6 (phr v) engage (sb) in sth (cause sb to) take part in or be occupied in sth （使某人）参加某事或从事某事: * I have no time to engage in gossip. 我无暇闲聊. * be engaged in politics, business 从政、 做生意 * I engaged him in conversation. 我让他加入谈话. 派生： engaged adj [usu pred 通常作表语] 1 (of a person) busy; occupied （指人）忙着, 时间占用着: I can't come to dinner on Tuesday; I'm otherwise engaged, ie I've already arranged to do something else. 我星期二不能来参加宴会, 我有别的事.

engage1
2 (Brit) (US busy) (of a telephone line) in use （指电话线）使用着, 占线: Sorry! That number's engaged. 对不起! 这个号码现在占线. * [attrib 作定语] the engaged tone/signal, ie sound that tells the caller that the telephone line is engaged 占线声[占线信号]. 3 ~ (to sb) (of a person or two people) having agreed to marry （指一人或两人）已订婚: She's engaged to Peter. 她与彼得订了婚. * They're engaged (to be married), ie to each other. 他们俩订婚了. * We've just got engaged. 我们刚刚订婚. * [attrib 作定语] an engaged couple. 已订婚的双方. 4 (a) (esp of a toilet) occupied; already in use （尤指厕所）占用着, 使用着. (b) (of seats, tables, etc) reserved for later use （指座位、 桌子等）预订. engaging adj likely to attract or occupy the attention; charming 吸引注意力的; 迷人的: an engaging smile, manner, person 迷人的微笑、 姿态、 人. engagingly adv.

engagement
[in'geidVmEnt; in'gedVmEnt] n 1 [C] agreement to marry 订婚: * Their engagement was announced in the local paper. 他们订婚的消息已登在当地报纸上. 2 [C] arrangement to go somewhere, meet sb or do sth at a fixed time; appointment 约会: * I have several engagements for next week. 我下周有几个约会. * The orchestra has several concert engagements. 这管弦乐队已安排好几场音乐会. 3 [C] (fml 文) formal promise or guarantee, esp in writing 正式的承诺或保证（尤指书面形式）: * He doesn't have enough money to meet all his engagements, ie to make the payments he has promised to make. 他无钱偿付承诺的一切债务. 4 [C] (fml 文) battle 战斗; 交战: * The general tried to avoid an engagement with the enemy. 那位将军竭力避免与敌军交战. 5 [U] arrangement to employ; action of engaging 聘用的事宜; 雇用的行动: * the engagement of three new assistants 聘用叁名新助手的事. 6 [U] action or result of engaging (parts of a machine, etc) （机器零件等）啮合的动作或结果: * after engagement of the clutch 离合器啮合後. 复合： en`gagement ring ring (usu containing precious stones) that a man gives to a woman when they agree to marry 订婚戒指（通常有宝石）.

engender
[in'dVendE(r); in'dVendl] v [Tn] (fml 文) be the cause of (a situation or condition) 产生（某形势或状况）; 造成; 引起: * Some people believe poverty engenders crime. 有人认为贫困生罪恶.

engine
[5endVin; 5endVEn] n 1 machine with moving parts that converts energy such as heat, electricity, etc into motion 发动机; 引擎: * This car has a new engine. 这辆汽车的发动机是新的. * a steam/diesel/petrol engine 蒸汽[柴油/汽油]发动机. 2 (also locomotive) machine that pulls or pushes a railway train 机车; 火车头: * I prefer to sit (ie in a railway carriage) facing the engine. 我喜欢面朝机车坐（在火车车厢里）. 3 (arch 古) machine or instrument 机器; 工具: * engines of war, eg cannons 战争工具（如大炮） * siege engines 攻城器械. 复合： `engine-driver n (Brit) (US engineer) person who drives a railway engine 火车司机.

engineer
[7endVi'niE(r); 7endVE'nir] n 1 person who designs, builds or maintains engines, machines, bridges, railways, mines, etc 工程师; 建 师; 机械师: * a civil/mining/electrical/mechanical engineer 土木[采矿/电气/机械]工程师. 2 skilled person who controls an engine or engines, esp on a ship or aircraft 操纵发动机的技师（尤指轮船或飞机上的）: * the chief engineer on a cruise liner 游轮的轮机长. 3 (US) = engine-driver (engine). 4 soldier trained to design and build military works 工兵: * He's in the Royal Engineers, ie a branch of the British Army. 他在皇家工兵部队服役（英国陆军的兵种）. 派生： engineer v [Tn] 1 (infml derog 口, 贬) arrange or cause (sth), esp by cunning or secret means 安排或策动（某事物）（尤指用狡猾或秘密手段）; 策划: His enemies engineered his downfall. 他的仇敌图谋把他搞垮. * engineer a plot, scheme, revolt, etc 策划阴谋、 诡计、 反叛等. 2 build or control (sth) as an engineer 建造或操纵（某事物）.

engineering
[7endVi'niEriN; 7endVE'niriN] n [U] (a) practical application of scientific knowledge in the design, construction and control of machines, public services such as roads, bridges, etc, electrical apparatus, chemicals, etc 工程: * civil/electrical/chemical/mechanical engineering 土木[电气/化学/机械]工程 * The new bridge is a triumph of engineering. 这座新桥是建 工程的硕果. (b) work, science or profession of an engineer 工程; 工程学; 工程师行业: * She's studying engineering at university. 她正在大学学习工程学. * [attrib 作定语] an engineering degree 工程学学位.

English
[5iNgliF; 5iNgliF] n 1 [U] the language of England, used in Britain, most countries in the British Commonwealth, the USA and some other countries 英语; 英文: * He speaks excellent English. 他英语说得好极了. * I must work to improve my English. 我必须努力提高英语水平. 2 the English [pl v] the people of England (sometimes wrongly used to mean the British, ie to include the Scots, the Welsh and the Irish) 英格兰人（有时误用以指英国人, 即除英格兰人外还包括苏格兰人、 威尔士人、 爱尔兰人）. 3 (idm 习语) in plain English => plain. the King's/Queen's `English good, correct standard English 纯正标准的英语: * She speaks a dialect, not the Queen's English. 她说一口方言, 不是标准英语. 派生： English adj 1 of England or its people 英格兰的; 英格兰人的; 英国的; 英国人的: the English countryside 英国乡村 * English characteristics 英国人的特性 * He is very English in his attitudes. 他的态度英国味十足. 2 [attrib 作定语] of, written in, or spoken in the English language 英语的; 用英语写的; 用英语说的: He's studying English literature. 他在研究英国文学. 复合： ,English `breakfast breakfast usu consisting of cereals, cooked bacon and eggs, toast and marmalade, and tea or coffee 英国式早餐（通常包括麦片类、 熏猪肉片、 鸡蛋、 烤面包片、 果酱及茶或咖啡）. Cf 参看 continental breakfast (continent1). the English `Channel (also the Channel) the area of the sea between England and France 英吉利海峡. Englishman[-mEn; -mEn] (pl -men), Englishwoman (pl -women) ns 1 person born in England or one whose parents are English or one who has become an English citizen 英格兰人; 英国人. 2 (idm 习语) an ,Englishman's ,home is his `castle (saying 谚) an English person's home is a place where he may be private and safe and do as he wishes 英国人的家就是城堡（为私人随心所欲的安全天地）.o

engrave
[in'greiv; in'grev] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ B on A/~ A (with B) cut or carve (words, designs, etc) on (a hard surface) 在（硬物）上雕刻（字、 画等）: * His initials were engraved on the cigarette case. 他姓名的首字母刻在香烟盒上. * The cigarette case was engraved with his initials. 这香烟盒上刻着他姓名的首字母. * engraving a design on a metal plate, eg for printing 在金属板上雕一图案（如用以印刷）. 2 [Tn.pr esp passive 尤用於被动语态] ~ sth on sth (fig 比喻) impress sth deeply on (the memory or mind) 将某事物深深留在（记忆或头脑中）; 牢记; 铭记: * Memories of that terrible day are forever engraved on my mind. 那可怕的一天永远留在我的记忆中. 派生： engraver n person who engraves designs, etc on stone, metal, etc 雕刻师; 刻板工人. engraving/in'greiviN; in'greviN] n 1 [U] art of cutting or carving designs on metal, stone, etc 雕刻术; 刻板术. 2 [C] picture printed from an engraved metal plate 版画: * I bought an old engraving of the High Street. 我买了一张‘大街’的旧版画.

engross
[in'grEus; in'gros] v [Tn] 1 (usu passive 通常用於被动语态) occupy all the time or attention of (sb) 占去某人的全部时间或注意力; 使全神贯注: * be engrossed in one's work 全神贯注於工作 * an engrossing story 引人入胜的故事. 2 (law 律) write (eg a legal document) in large letters or in formal legal style 以大字体或以正式法律文体写（如法律文件）.

engulf
[in'gQlf; in'gQlf] v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (fml 文) (of the sea, flames, etc) surround (sth) or cause (sth) to disappear; envelop （指海洋、 火焰等）包围（某物）或使（某物）消失; 包住; 吞没: * a boat engulfed in/by the waves 被浪涛吞没的小船 * (fig 比喻) engulfed in silence, misery 陷入寂静、 痛苦之中.

enhance
[in'ha:ns; - -'hAns; in'hAns] v [Tn] increase (the good qualities of sb/sth); make (sb/sth) look better 增强（某人[某事物]的优点）; 使（某人[某事物]）看起来更好; 提高; 美化: * enhance the status, reputation, position, etc of sb 提高某人的身分、 声望、 地位 * Those clothes do nothing to enhance her appearance. 她穿那些衣服也并没显得更漂亮. 派生： enhancement n (a) [U] action of enhancing 增强; 提高; 美化. (b) [C] thing that enhances 用以增强、 提高或美化之物.

enigma
[i'nigmE; i'nigmE] n question, person, thing, circumstance, etc that is difficult to understand; mystery 难於理解的问题、 人、 物、 情况等; 奥秘: * I've known him for many years, but he remains something of an enigma to me. 我与他相识多年, 他仍然难以捉摸. 派生： enigmatic[7enig'mtik; 7enig'mAtik] adj difficult to understand; mysterious 难以理解的; 神秘的: * an enigmatic character, smile, statement 莫名其妙的性格、 微笑、 说法. enigmatically[-kli; -kli] adv.

enjoin
[in'dVCin; in'dVCin] v [Tn, Tn.pr, Tf, Dn.t] ~ sth (on sb) (fml or law 文或律) impose (an action or prohibition) on sb; order 将（一行动或禁令）强施於某人; 命令: * He enjoined obedience on his followers. 他强迫随从服从. * The leader enjoined that the rules should be obeyed. 那位领导人命令必须遵守这些规则.

enjoy
[in'dVCi; in'dVCi] v 1 [Tn, Tg] get pleasure from 从...获得乐趣: * I enjoyed that meal. 我很喜欢那顿饭. * She enjoys playing tennis. 她喜好打网球. 2 [Tn] have (sth) as an advantage or a benefit 享有（某事物）: * enjoy good health, a high standard of living, great prosperity, etc 享有健康、 高生活水平、 巨大成功等之福 * Men and women should enjoy equal rights. 男女应当享有平等权利. 3 (idm 习语) en`joy oneself experience pleasure; be happy 感到快乐; 过得愉快: * He enjoyed himself at the party. 他在聚会上非常愉快. * The children enjoyed themselves playing in the water. 孩子们在水中玩得很高兴. * I hope you enjoy yourself this evening. 我希望你今晚过得愉快. 派生： enjoyable[-Ebl; -Ebl] adj giving joy; pleasant 使人愉快的; 令人快乐的: * an enjoyable weekend 愉快的周末 * The film was quite enjoyable. 这部电影很有趣. enjoyably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv.

enjoyment
[in'dVCimEnt; in'dVCimEnt] n 1 [U] pleasure; satisfaction 愉快; 欢乐; 乐趣; 满意: * He spoiled my enjoyment of the film by talking all the time. 他一直说话, 影响了我看电影的兴致. * live only for enjoyment 只为享乐活着. 2 [C] (fml 文) thing that gives pleasure or joy 令人愉快的事物; 乐事: * Gardening is one of her chief enjoyments. 园艺工作是她的主要乐趣之一. 3 [U] (fml 文) possession and use 享有; 使用: * the enjoyment of equal rights 享有平等权利.

enkindle
[in'kindl; en'kindl] v [Tn] (dated or fml 旧或文) (a) cause (flames, passion, etc) to flare up 使（火焰、 激情等）燃起. (b) inflame (sb) with passion, etc; arouse 使（某人）激动等; 引起; 唤起; 激起.

enlarge
[in'la:dV; in'lardV] v 1 (a) [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become larger （使某物）变大; 扩大; 增大: * I want to enlarge the lawn. 我想把草坪扩大. (b) [Tn] reproduce (esp a photograph) on a larger scale 放大（尤指照片）: * The police had the photograph of the missing girl enlarged. 警方把失踪姑娘的照片放大了. 2 [Ipr] ~ on sth say or write more about sth; add detail to sth 详述或详写某事; 增加某事的细节: * Can you enlarge on what has already been said? 你能把所说的事再详尽地说说吗? 派生： enlargement n 1 [U] action of enlarging or being enlarged 扩大; 放大: He's working on the enlargement of the business. 他正在努力扩展业务. 2 [C] thing that has been enlarged, esp a photograph 已扩大或放大之物（尤指照片）: enlargements of the wedding photographs 婚礼照片的放大照片. Cf 参看 reduction. enlarger n apparatus for making photographic enlargements （照片）放大机.

enlighten
[in'laitn; in'laitn] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (as to sth) give more knowledge or information to sb; free sb from false beliefs or ignorance 启发、 启迪、 教导或开导某人: * Can you enlighten me as to (ie help me to understand better) the new procedure? 你能给我讲讲这新程序吗? 派生： enlightened adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] free from prejudice, ignorance, superstition, etc 摆脱偏见、 无知、 迷信等的; 开明的; 有知识的: in these enlightened days 在这开明的时代 * enlightened opinions, attitudes, ideas, etc 有见识的意见、 开明的态度、 进步的想法 * an enlightened approach to teaching 启发式教学法. enlightenment n [U] (fml 文) 1 act of enlightening or state of being enlightened 启发; 开导; 开明; 文明: The teacher's attempts at enlightenment failed; I remained as confused as before. 老师虽尽力开导却劳而无功, 我仍像以前一样糊涂. * In an age of enlightenment such cruelty is unforgivable. 在文明时代, 这麽残忍是不能宽恕的. 2 the Enlightenment period in the 18th century in Europe when some thinkers and writers believed that reason and science, not religion, would advance human progress （18世纪欧洲的）启蒙运动.

enlist
[in'list; in'list] v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.n/a] ~ (sb) (in/for sth); ~ (sb) (as sth) 1 enter or cause (sb) to enter the armed forces 参军; 从军; 使（某人）入伍: * Have you enlisted yet? 你参军了吗? * He enlisted as a soldier in the army as soon as he was old enough. 他年龄一到就入伍当兵了. * They enlisted four hundred recruits for the navy. 他们为海军徵募了四百名新兵. 2 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (in/for sth) obtain (help, support, etc) 得到（帮助、 支持等）: * I've enlisted the co-operation of most of my neighbours in my campaign. 我在这一活动中得到邻里多数人的支持. * Can I enlist your help in raising the money? 你能在我的筹款中赞助一些钱吗? (b) [Tn, Cn.t] get the support or help of (sb) 获得（某人）的支持或帮助: * We've enlisted a few volunteers to help clean the hall. 我们已经找到几个人自愿协助打扫大厅. * Sarah has been enlisted to organize the party. 萨拉已应邀组织这一聚会. 派生： enlistment n 1 [U] enlisting or being enlisted 应徵入伍; 徵募; 获得; 取得. 2 [C] instance of this 应徵入伍; 徵募; 获得; 取得. 复合： enlisted man (esp US) soldier, sailor or airman below a non-commissioned officer in rank 士兵.

enliven
[in'laivn; in'laivEn] v [Tn] make (sb/sth) more lively or cheerful 使（某人[某事物]）更活跃或更愉快: * How can we enliven this party? 我们怎样使这聚会热闹些呢?

enmesh
[in'meF; in'meF] v [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (in sth) (usu fig 通常作比喻) entangle (as) in a net 使（似）陷入网中: * He was enmeshed in a web of deceit and lies. 他陷入坑 拐骗的圈套.

enmity
[5enmEti; 5enmEti] n [U, C] condition or feeling of being an enemy; hostility 敌意; 仇恨; 不和; 作对: * I don't understand his enmity towards his parents. 我不理解他为什麽怨恨自己的父母. * Personal enmities must be forgotten at a time of national crisis. 民族危机当头, 必须捐弃个人恩怨.

ennoble
[i'nEubl; i'nobl] v [Tn] (fml 文) 1 make (sb) a member of the nobility 使（某人）成为贵族. 2 (fig 比喻) make (sb) dignified or more honourable 使（某人）高贵或崇高: * In a strange way she seemed ennobled by the grief she had experienced. 她因历经艰辛而似乎出奇地备受敬重. > ennoblement n [U].

ennui
[C'nwi:; 5anwi] n [U] weariness of mind caused by lack of anything interesting or exciting to do; feeling of boredom 倦怠; 无聊: * Since losing his job, he has often experienced a profound sense of ennui. 他自从失业以来, 常觉百无聊赖.

enormity
[i'nC:mEti; i'nCrmEti] n 1 [U] great wickedness 极恶; 凶恶: * The enormity of the crime has shocked even experienced policemen. 这件罪行极端凶残, 连经历丰富的警察都感震惊. 2 [C, usu pl 通常作复数] (fml 文) serious crime 严重罪行: * Such enormities would not be tolerated today. 这种严重罪行今日是不能容忍的. 3 [U] (infml 口) immense size; enormousness 巨大; 极大: * the enormity of the task of feeding all the famine victims 为全部饥民提供粮食的巨大任务.

enormous
[i'nC:mEs; i'nCrmEs] adj very large; immense 巨大的; 极大的: * an enormous amount of money 巨款 * an enormous house 巨大的房子. 派生： enormously adv to a very great extent 在极大程度上: enormously rich 极富有 * My tastes have changed enormously over the years. 几年来我的爱好有了很大改变. * I'm enormously grateful for your help. 我非常感谢你的帮助. enormousness n [U].

enough
1[i'nQf; i'nQf] indef det (used in front of a plural n or a [U] n 用於复数名词或不可数名词前) ~ sth (for sb/sth); ~ sth (for sb) to do sth as many or as much of sth as necessary; sufficient 足够的; 充足的: * Have you made enough copies? 你复制的份数够吗? * Have we got enough sandwiches for lunch? 我们午饭的叁明治够吃吗? * Surely 15 minutes is enough time for you to have a coffee. 你喝杯咖啡15分钟当然足够了. * I've got enough money to pay for a taxi. 我的钱够付计程车费的. * There isn't enough space for my address. 我写地址的地方不够. * (dated 旧) There's food enough on the table. 桌上的食物足够吃. * We have time enough to get to the airport. 我们来得及赶到机场. 派生： enough indef pron 1 as many or as much as necessary 充分; 足够: Six bottles of wine will be enough. 六瓶葡萄酒就够了. * Is 100 enough for all your expenses? 100英镑够你的全部开销吗? * I hope enough of you are prepared to help with the show. 我希望你们中能有足够的人手准备协助这场演出. * They were able to save enough of their furniture to fill a room. 他们能省出的家具足够装满一间屋子. 2 (idm 习语) e,nough is e`nough (saying 谚) it is unnecessary and possibly harmful to say or do more 适可而止. have had e`nough (of sth/sb) be unable or unwilling to tolerate sth/sb any more 不能或不愿再容忍某事物[某人]: After three years without promotion he decided he'd had enough and resigned. 他叁年未获提升, 认为已受够了, 便辞了职. * I've had enough of her continual chatter. 我已厌烦了她喋喋不休的闲谈. * I'm surprised you haven't had enough of him yet I found him very boring. 你对他还没有受够, 我很惊讶--我觉得他很烦人.

enquire, enquiry
= inquire, inquiry.

enrage
[in'reidV; in'redV] v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] make (sb) very angry 使（某人）非常愤怒; 激怒; 触怒: * enraged at/by sb's stupidity 因某人的愚蠢而愤怒 * His arrogance enraged her. 他很傲慢, 她为此十分恼怒.

enrapture
[in'rAptFE(r); in'rAptFl] v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (fml 文) fill (sb) with great delight or joy 使（某人）非常喜悦或快乐: * We were enraptured by the view of the mountains. 我们看到山峦景色, 心花怒放.

enrich
[in'ritF; in'ritF] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (with sth) 1 make sb/sth rich or richer 使某人[某事物]富裕或更富裕: * a nation enriched by the profits from tourism 因旅游业的赢利而富裕起来的国家. 2 improve the quality, flavour, etc of sth 改善某事物的质量、 味道等: * soil enriched with fertilizer 因施肥而肥沃的土壤* Reading enriches the mind. 读书可以充实头脑.> enrichment n [U].

enrol
(also esp US enroll)[in'rEul; in'rol] v (-ll-) [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.n/a] ~ (sb) (in/as sth) become or make (sb) a member (of sth) 成为或使（某人）成为（某组织的）成员; 登记; 注册: * enrol in evening classes 注册上晚间课程班 * enrol new students 招收新生 * We enrolled him as a member of the society. 我们吸收他为会员. 派生： enrolment (also esp US enrollment) n (a) [U] enrolling or being enrolled 登记; 注册; 入伍; 入会; 入学: the enrolment of five new members 五名新成员的注册. (b) [C] number of people enrolled 注册; 入会; 入学等的人数: This school has an enrolment of 800 pupils. 这所学校有800名学生注册.

Ens
abbr 缩写 = Ensign: Ens (Peter) Dwyer 海军少尉（彼得）德怀尔.

ensconce
[in'skCns; in'skans] v [Tn.pr esp passive 尤用於被动语态] ~ oneself/sb in sth (fml or joc 文或谑) establish or settle oneself in a safe, secret, comfortable, etc place 使自己定居或安顿在安全、 秘密、 舒适等的地方: * happily ensconced by the fire with a good book 舒适地坐在火炉旁, 读着一本好书 * We have ensconced ourselves in the most beautiful villa in the South of France. 我们在法国南部最美丽的别墅里安顿下来.

ensemble
[Cn'sCmbl; an'sambl] n 1 thing viewed as a whole; general effect 整体; 总效果: * The arrangement of the furniture formed a pleasing ensemble. 这些家具摆放得悦目而和谐. 2 complete matching set of (esp women's) clothes designed to be worn together 全套服装（尤指女装）: * A pair of white shoes completed the striking ensemble. 一双白鞋配这套醒目的服装已完美无缺了. 3 (a) passage of music in which all the performers play or sing together 合奏; 合唱. (b) group of musicians (smaller than an orchestra) who play together regularly 合奏组（比管弦乐队小）: * a woodwind ensemble 木管乐器合奏组.

enshrine
[in'Frain; in'Frain] v (fml 文) (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in sth) place or keep sth (in, or as if in, a shrine or holy place) 放置或保存某物（於神龛或圣地）: * relics enshrined in a casket 在小箱中保存的遗物 * memories enshrined in the heart 珍藏於心中的记忆. (b) [Tn] serve as a shrine for (sth) 作为神龛以保存（某物）: * The constitution enshrines the basic rights of all citizens. 宪法中神圣地记载着全体公民的基本权利.

enshroud
[in'Fraud; in'Fraud] v [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] (fml 文) cover completely; hide from view 掩盖; 遮蔽; 隐蔽: * hills enshrouded in mist 薄雾笼罩的群山 * His background is enshrouded in mystery. 他的来历背後有一层神秘的色彩.

ensign
[5ensEn; 5ensn] n 1 (a) (esp naval) flag or banner （尤指海军的）旗, 旗帜. (b) (Brit) special form of the national flag flown by ships （船上挂的特种的）国旗: * the red/white/blue ensign 英国商船旗[英国皇家海军旗/英国海军预备舰队旗]. 2 (US) officer of the lowestrank in the navy 海军少尉. =>App 9 见附录9. 3[5ensain;'ensain] (Brit) (formerly) infantry officer who carried the regimental flag （旧时）（陆军团的）掌旗官.

enslave
[in'sleiv; in'slev] v [Tn] (often fig 常作比喻) make a slave of (sb) 使某人成为奴隶: * Her beauty enslaved many young men. 她的美貌倾倒了很多青年男子. > enslavement n [U].

ensnare
[in'sneE(r); in'sner] v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (in sth) (often fig 常作比喻) catch sb/sth in, or as if in, a trap or snare 用陷阱或圈套捕捉某人[某物]: * ensnared by love 陷入情网 * ensnare a rich husband 千方百计嫁予富翁.

ensue
[in'sju:; - -'su:; in'su] v [I, Ipr] ~ (from sth) happen afterwards or as a result; follow 继而发生;因而产生; 接着: * Bitter arguments ensued from this misunderstanding. 这一误会引发了激烈的争论. * in the ensuing (ie following) debate 在随後的辩论中.

ensure
(US insure)[in'FC:(r); - in'FuEr; in'Fur] v 1 [Tn, Tf] make sure; guarantee 确保; 保证; 担保: * The book ensured his success. 那本书确定了他的成就. * Please ensure that all the lights are switched off at night. 夜间请务必将所有的灯关掉. 2 [Dn.n] make (sb) certain to get (sth); assure 使（某人）一定得到（某事物）; 保证得到: * These pills should ensure you a good night's sleep. 服下这些药丸可保你睡一宿好觉.

entail
[in'teil; in'tel] v 1 [Tn] make (sth) necessary; involve 使（某事物）必要; 牵涉: * This job entails a lot of hard work. 这项工作需要十分努力. * That will entail an early start tomorrow morning. 那就需要明晨很早动身. 2 [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: * Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (on sb) (law 律) leave (land) to a line of heirs in such a way that none of them can give it away or sell it 限定（地产）继承人: * The house and estate are entailed on the eldest daughter. 这所房子和地产限定由长女继承. * He would have sold the property long ago had it not been entailed. 这些财产若非限定继承的话, 他早就卖掉了. 派生： entail n (law 律) (a) [U] practice of entailing (entail 2) land （地产的）限定继承. (b) [C] entailed property 限定继承的财产.

entangle
[in'tANgl; in'tANgl] v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth/oneself (in/among/with sth) 1 cause sb/sth/oneself to become twisted, tangled or caught (in sth) 使某人[某物/自己]缠绕, 纠缠於（某物中）: * The bird got entangled in the wire netting. 鸟被金属网缠住. * a fishing line entangled among the weeds 与杂草缠在一起的钓鱼线 * Her long hair entangled itself in the rose bush. 她的长发让玫瑰丛给钩住了. 2 (fig 比喻) involve sb/oneself (in difficulties or complicated circumstances) 使某人[自己]陷入（困难或复杂的环境中）: * become entangled in money problems 陷入金钱问题之中. 派生： entanglement n 1 [U] entangling or being entangled缠住; 纠缠. 2 [C] (often pl 常作复数) situation that entangles 引起纠缠的情况; 纠纷: entanglements with the police 与警方的纠缠 * emotional entanglements 感情纠葛. 3 entanglements [pl] (military 军) barrier of stakes and barbed wire to impede an enemy's advance （阻止敌人前进的）铁丝网.

entente
[Cn'tCnt; an'tant] n (a) [C, U] friendly understanding, esp between countries 相互谅解（尤指两国间）. (b) [CGp] group of two or more countries having such an understanding between them 相互谅解的国家. 复合： ,entente cordi`ale[7kC:di'a:l; kCr'djal] entente between two governments, esp between those of Britain and France 两政府间的相互谅解（尤指英国与法国间）.

enter
[5entE(r); 5entl] v 1 (a) [I, Tn] come or go in or into (sth) 进来; 进去; 进入（某物）中: * Don't enter without knocking. 进屋前先敲门. * enter a room 进屋 * The train entered the tunnel. 火车进了隧道. * Where did the bullet enter the body? 子弹是从身体的什麽地方射入的? (b) [I] come or go onto a stage 登台; 上场: * Enter Hamlet/Hamlet enters, eg stage directions in a printed play 哈姆雷特上场（如剧本的舞台说明）. 2 [Tn no passive 不用於被动语态] become a member of (sth); gain admission to (sth) 成为（某组织）的成员; 得到进入（某组织）的允许: * enter a school, college, university, etc 考上学校、 学院、 大学等 * enter the Army/Navy/Air Force 参加陆军[海军/空军] * enter a profession 从事一职业 * enter the Church, ie become a priest 成为牧师. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) (in sth) record (names, details, etc) in a book, computer, etc: * register sth （在册子等上）记录名字、 细节等; 登记某事物: * I haven't entered your name and occupation yet. 我尚未记下你的名字和职业. * All expenditure must be entered (up) in the account book. 一切开支必须入帐. 4 (Tn) declare that one will take part in (a competition, etc) 报名参加（比赛等）: * enter a race, an examination 报名参加赛跑、 考试. 5 [Tn] (fml 文) present (sth) for consideration 提出（某事物）供考虑: * enter a plea of not guilty 提出无罪抗辩 * enter a protest 提出抗议. 6 (idm 习语) enter the lists (against sb) challenge sb or accept a challenge from sb to a contest 要求与某人比赛; 答应与某人比赛. 7 (phr v) enter into sth (a) begin to deal with sth 开始处理某事物: Let's not enter into details at this stage. 咱们不要在现阶段着手处理具体问题. (b) be able to understand and appreciate sth 能懂得并欣赏某事物; 领略; 体会: enter into the spirit of an occasion, ie begin to enjoy and feel part of it 领略个中乐趣.

enter1
(c) (not passive 不用於被动语态) form part of sth 形成某事物的一部分: This possibility never entered into our calculations. 我们从未考虑过有这种可能性. enter into sth (with sb) begin sth; open sth 开始某事: enter into negotiations with a business firm 开始与一公司协商 * (fml 文) I dared not enter into conversation with him. 我未敢与他交谈. enter on/upon sth (fml 文) (a) make a start on sth; begin sth 着手做某事物; 开始某事: enter upon a new career 开始一新事业 * The President has just entered upon another term of office. 总统刚刚开始另一任期. (b) (law 律) take possession of sth; begin to enjoy sth 获得某物; 开始享有某物: He entered on his inheritance when he was 21. 他21岁时继承了财产. enter (sb) for sth give the name of (oneself or sb else) for a competition, race, etc 报名参加竞赛等: I've entered for the high jump. 我已报名参加跳高比赛. * The teacher entered him for the examination. 老师替他报名参加考试. * enter a horse for a race 给马报名参加赛跑.

enteric
[en'terik; en'terik] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of the intestines 肠的: * enteric fever, ie typhoid 肠热病（伤寒）. 派生： enteritis[7entE'raitis; 7entE'raitis] n [U] inflammation of the intestines 肠炎: * suffering from enteritis 患肠炎.

enterprise
[5entEpraiz; 5entl7praiz] n 1 [C] project or undertaking, esp one that is difficult or needs courage 事业, 计画（尤指困难的或需要勇气的）: * his latest business enterprise 他最新的企业规划 * The music festival is a new enterprise which we hope will become an annual event. 音乐会演是一项新生事物, 我们希望它能成为一年一度的盛会. Cf 参看 venture 1. 2 [U] courage and willingness to be involved in such projects 事业心; 进取心; 勇气; 胆量: * a woman of great enterprise 事业心极强的女子 * He got the job because he showed the spirit of enterprise. 他因为表现出进取精神, 所以得到了这份工作. 3 (a) [U] participation in projects; business activity 参与计画; 企业活动; 经营: * Conservativegovernments in Britain favour private enterprise rather than nationalization. 英国的保守党政府赞成私人经营而反对国有化. (b) [C] business company or firm 事业单位; 企业单位; 公司; 商号; 商行: * one of the most successful enterprises of its kind 同类企业中业绩极突出者. 派生： enterprising adj having or showing enterprise(2)有事业心的; 表现出进取心的; 有胆量的: an enterprising young man 有进取心的年轻男子 * She may not have been the cleverest candidate but she was certainly the most enterprising. 她就算不是最聪明的候选人, 也肯定是最有事业心的. enterprisingly adv.

entertain
[7entE'tein; 7entl'ten] v 1 [I, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (to sth) receive sb as a guest; provide food and drink for sb, esp in one's home 宴客; 招待, 款待某人（尤指在自己家中）: * I don't entertain very often. 我不常在家请客. * They do a lot of entertaining, ie often give dinner parties, etc. 他们时常设宴待客. * Bob and Liz entertained us to dinner last night. 昨晚鲍勃和利兹设宴招待了我们. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (with sth) amuse sb 使某人快乐: * Could you entertain the children for an hour, while I make supper? 我做晚饭时, 你能哄孩子们玩一个小时吗? * He entertained us for hours with his stories and jokes. 他给我们讲故事、 说笑话, 让我们高兴了好几小时. 3 [Tn] (fml 文) (not in the continuous tenses 不用於进行时态) (a) be ready and willing to consider (sth) 愿意考虑（某事物）: * He refused to entertain our proposal. 他拒不考虑我们的提议. (b) hold (sth) in the mind or feelings 心里或感情上怀有（某事物）: * entertain ideas, doubts, etc 有想法、 怀疑等. 派生： entertainer n person who entertains (entertain 2), esp professionally （娱乐节目的）表演者; （尤指）艺人: He's a popular television entertainer. 他是大众喜爱的电视演员. entertaining adj amusing and pleasing 使人愉快的; 有趣的: a very entertaining film 一部很有趣的电影 * amost entertaining guest 很有风趣的客人. entertaininglyadv. entertainment n 1 [U] entertaining or being entertained 宴客; 招待; 款待; 娱乐: the entertainment of a group of foreign visitors 宴请一批外宾 * He fell in the water, much to the entertainment of the children. 他掉进水里, 逗得孩子们乐不可支. * a place of entertainment娱乐场所. 2 [C] thing that entertains; public performance(at a theatre, cinema, circus, etc) 娱乐; （在剧场、 电影院、 马戏团等的）演出: The local entertainments are listed in the newspaper. 报纸上登有本地的娱乐活动.

enthral
(also esp US enthrall)[in'WrC:l; in'WrCl] v (-ll-) [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] capture the whole attention of (sb) as if by magic; please greatly; captivate （似以魔力）迷住（某人）; 使极愉快; 迷住: * enthralled by her beauty 被她的美色迷住. > enthralling adj: * an enthralling performance 动人的演出. enthralment (also esp US enthrallment) n [U].

enthrone
[in'WrEun; in'Wron] v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (fml 文) place (a king, queen or bishop) on a throne, esp with ceremony; exalt 使（国王、 女王或主教）登基, 就任（尤指举行仪式）; 提升; 提拔: * The queen was enthroned in an ancient abbey. 女王在一所古老的大教堂里举行登基仪式. > enthronement n [U, C].

enthuse
[in'Wju:z; - -Wu:z; in'Wuz] v [I, Ipr] ~ (about/over sth/sb) show great admiration or interest for 对...极为喜爱或极热心: * He hasn't stopped enthusing about his holiday since he returned. 他度假归来, 对假日情趣仍津津乐道. * They all enthused over the new baby. 他们都极喜爱这个新生儿.

enthusiasm
[in'Wju:ziAzEm; - -'Wu:-; in'Wuzi7AzEm] n ~ (for/about sth) 1 [U] strong feeling of admiration or interest; great eagerness 热爱; 热心; 热情: * The proposal aroused little enthusiasm in the group. 该建议在这些人中未引起多大兴趣. * feel no enthusiasm for/about an idea 对某主意不感兴趣 * an outburst of enthusiasm 热情奔放 * His enthusiasm made everyone else interested. 他的热心激发了大家的兴致. 2 [C] object of this feeling 热中的事物: * One of my great enthusiasms is music. 我的一大爱好就是音乐. * Gardening is his latest enthusiasm. 他近来爱好上园艺了. 派生： enthusiast[-'Wju:ziAst; - -'Wu:-; -'Wuzi7Ast] n ~ (for/about sth) person filled with enthusiasm 热情的人; 热心者; 热中者: * a sports enthusiast 爱好运动的人 * an enthusiast for/about all kinds of pop music 酷爱各种流行音乐的人. enthusiastic/in7Wju:zi'Astik; - -Wu:-; in7Wuzi'Astik] adj ~ (about/over sth/sb) full of enthusiasm 热情的; 热心的: * He doesn't know much about the subject, but he's very enthusiastic. 他对这事所知不多, 但却极感兴趣. * She's very enthusiastic about singing. 她非常喜欢唱歌. enthusiastically[-kli; -kli] adv: * She greeted him enthusiastically with a kiss. 她热情地跟他打招呼并吻了他一下.

entice
[in'tais; in'tais] v [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p, Cn.t] ~ sb (away) (from sth); ~ sb (into sth/doing sth) try to tempt or persuade sb, usu by offering sth pleasant or a reward 诱惑; 诱使; 怂恿: * Advertisements are designed to entice people into spending money/to spend money. 广告宣传的目的是诱使人花钱. * He enticed the young girl away from home. 他把那小女孩诱惑得离开了家. 派生： enticement n 1 [U] enticing or being enticed 诱惑; 怂恿: the enticement of a child into a car 把一小孩哄进汽车里. 2 [C] thing that entices 诱惑物: There were so many enticements offered that I could not refuse the job. 这项工作有那麽多优惠待遇, 使我难以拒绝. enticing adj attractive or tempting 有吸引力的; 迷人的; 诱人的: quite an enticing offer 很诱人的条件 * An enticing smell came from the bakery. 从面包房里飘出了诱人的香味. enticingly adv.

entire
[in'taiE(r); in'tair] adj [attrib 作定语] with no part left out; whole; complete 全部的; 整个的; 完全的: * The entire village was destroyed. 整个村子被毁. * I've wasted an entire day on this. 我为此事浪费了一整天的时间. * We are in entire agreement with you. 我们完全同意你的意见. 派生： entirely adv completely 完全地: entirely unnecessary 完全不必要 * Although they are twins, they look entirely different. 他们虽是孪生, 但是相貌却完全不同. * I'm not entirely happy with that idea. 我对那个主意并不十分满意. entirety/in'taiErEti; in'tairti] n [U] state of being entire; completeness 整体; 全面: * We must examine the problem in its entirety, ie as a whole, not in parts only. 我们要全面地研究这个问题.

entitle
[in'taitl; in'taitl] v 1 [Cn.n usu passive 通常用於被动语态] give a title to (a book, play, etc) 给（书、 剧本等）取名; 定名: * He entitled the book `Savage Love'. 他给这本书取名为《野性的爱》. * She read a poem entitled `The Apple Tree'. 她读了一首题为《苹果树》的诗. 2 [Tn.pr esp passive 尤用於被动语态, Tnt] ~ sb to sth give sb a right to have or do sth 给予某人获得某事物或做某事的权利; 使某人有资格获得某事物或做某事: * You are not entitled to unemployment benefit if you have never worked. 从未参加过工作, 就没有资格领取失业救济金. * After a hard day's work she felt entitled to a rest. 她劳累了一天, 觉得理应休息一下了. * This ticket doesn't entitle you to travel first class. 你这张票不能坐头等位. 派生： entitlement n 1 [U] entitling (entitle 2) or being entitled 授权; 有资格: We have no record of your entitlement to free travel. 我们没有让你免费旅行的凭据. 2 [C] thing to which one is entitled 有权得到的东西: Have you all taken your full holiday entitlements? 你们大家是不是把应有的假期都用了呢?

entity
[5entEti; 5entEti] n 1 [C] thing with distinct and real existence 实体: * a separate political entity 独立的政治实体. 2 [U] (fml 文) thing's existence (contrasted with its qualities, relations with other things, etc) 事物的存在（区别於其属性、 与其他事物的关系等）.

entomb
[in'tu:m; in'tum] v [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] (fml 文) (a) place (a person or an animal) in, or as if in, a tomb 将（人或动物）（似）置於墓中; 埋葬: * Many people were entombed in the rubble of the bombed buildings. 很多人被埋在炸毁的建 物的瓦砾里. (b) serve as a tomb for (a person or an animal) 用作（人或动物）的坟墓.

entomology
[7entE'mClEdVi; 7entE'malEdVi] n [U]scientific study of insects 昆虫学: * His hobby is entomology.他爱好昆虫学. 派生： entomological[7entEmE'lCdVikl; 7entEmE'ladVikl] adj. entomologist[-dVist; -dVist] n student of or expert in entomology 昆虫学研究者; 昆虫学家.

entourage
[7Cntu'ra:V; 7antu'raV] n [CGp] all those who accompany and attend an important person 随从; 随行人员: * the President and his entourage 总统及其随从 * (fig 比喻) She always has an entourage of admiring young men. 她周围总是簇拥着追求她的年轻人.

entrails
[5entreilz; 5entrElz] n [pl] internal organs of a person or animal, esp the intestines 内脏; （尤指）肠: * The dish was made from the entrails of a sheep. 这盘菜是羊杂碎.

entrance
1[5entrEns; 5entrEns] n 1 [C] ~ (to sth) opening, gate, door, passage, etc by which one enters sth 入口; 门; 通道等: * Where's the entrance to the cave? 这个洞穴的入口在哪里? * There is a front and a back entrance to the house. 这所房子有一个前门和一个後门. * I'll meet you at the entrance to the theatre. 我在剧院门口和你见面. 2 [U, C] ~ (into/onto sth) coming or going in; entering 进来; 进去; 进入: * the Prime Minister's entrance into office 首相就职 * The hero makes his entrance (on stage) in Act 2. 男主角在第二幕出场. * An actor must learn his entrances and exits, ie when to enter and leave the stage. 演员一定要懂得何时出场和退场. 3 [U] ~ (to sth) right of entering; admission 进入的权利; 准予进入: * They were refused entrance to the club. 他们被拒於俱乐部门外. * [attrib 作定语] a university entrance examination 大学入学考试 * an entrance fee, ie money paid so that one may enter an exhibition, etc or join a club, society, etc 入场费; 入会费.

entrant
[5entrEnt; 5entrEnt] n 1 ~ (for sth) person or animal that enters, esp for a race, a competition or an examination 参加者（尤指比赛、 竞赛或考试）: * There are fifty entrants for the dog show. 有五十条狗参加狗展. * university entrants 大学入学试的考生. 2 ~ (to sth) person who enters a profession 加入某行业的人: * an entrant to the diplomatic service 初入外交界做事的人 * women entrants to the police force 新加入警察部队的妇女.

entrap
[in'trp; in'trAp] v (-pp-) [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: * Tn, Tn.pr] (fml 文) 1 ~ sb/sth (by/in sth) catch sb/sth (as) in a trap 使某人[某物]陷入圈套; 诱捕. 2 ~ sb (into doing sth) trick or deceive sb 耍弄或欺骗某人: * He felt he had been entrapped into marrying her. 他觉得和她结婚是上了当.

entreat
[in'tri:t; in'trit] v [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.t] ~ (sth of) sb (fml 文) ask sb (for sth) earnestly and feelingly; beg （为某事）恳求某人; 请求; 乞求: * Please don't go, I entreat you. 我求求您, 请不要走. * May I entreat a favour of you? 您能帮帮忙吗? * I entreat you to show mercy. 我求您发发慈悲. =>Usage at ask 用法见ask. > entreatingly adv.

entreaty
[in'tri:ti; in'triti] n [C, U] earnest request or requesting 恳求; 请求; 要求: * deaf to all entreaties 对一切请求置若罔闻 * with a look of entreaty 恳求的神态.

entree
[5Cntrei; 5antre] n (fml 文) 1 [U, C] ~ (into sth) right or privilege of admission or entry 获准进入的权利或特权: * Her wealth and reputation gave her (an) entree into upper-class circles. 她的财富和声望使她得以进入上层社会. 2 [C] dish served between the fish and meat courses at a formal dinner 在正式宴席上, 在鱼和肉两道主菜之间所上的菜: * What did you have as an entree? 在鱼和肉两道主菜之间, 你吃的是什麽菜? * [attrib 作定语] an entree dish 在鱼和肉两道主菜之间的一道菜.

entrench
(also intrench)[in'trentF; in'trentF] v [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] 1 surround or protect (sb/sth) with a trench or trenches 用壕沟围绕或保护（某人[某物]）: * The enemy were strongly entrenched on the other side of the river. 敌军在河的对岸用坚固的壕沟防守. 2 (fig sometimes derog 比喻, 有时作贬义) establish (sth/sb) very firmly 牢固地确立（某人[某事物]）: * entrenched ideas, ie ones that are firmly fixed in the mind 根深蒂固的想法 * entrenched rights, ie those that are guaranteed by legislation 固有的权利 * She is entrenched in her right-wing views. 她的右翼观点根深蒂固. 派生： entrenchment n 1 [C] system of trenches made for defence 堑壕. 2 [U] action of entrenching or being entrenched 掘壕沟; 用壕沟防护.

entrepot
[5CntrEpEu; 5antrE7po] n (a) warehouse where goods being sent from one place to another may be stored temporarily 货仓. (b) trading centre or port for the import, export, collection and distribution of goods （进出口）货物集散地, 贸易中心, 转口港.

entrepreneur
[7CntrEprE'nE:(r); 7antrEprE'nE] n 1 person who starts or organizes a commercial enterprise, esp one involving financial risk 企业家（尤指涉及财务风险的）: * He would not have succeeded in such a risky business if he had not been such a clever entrepreneur. 假若他不是那麽精明强干的企业家, 就不会在这样冒险的事业中取得成功. 2 person who works under contract as an intermediary in the business affairs of others 承包人. > entrepreneurial[-'nE:riEl; -'nEiEl] adj: * entrepreneurial flair, skills, etc 具有创业的才能、 技巧等.

entrust
[in'trQst; in'trQst] v [Tn.pr] ~ A to B / ~ B with A trust sb to take charge of sth/sb 委托某人负责某事物[照看某人]: * entrust an assistant with a task/entrust the task to an assistant 把一项工作交给助手 * Can I entrust you with the secret plans? 我能把这些秘密计划委托给你吗? * He's entrusted his children to me/to my care for the day. 他托我照看一天孩子.

entry
[5entri; 5entri] n 1 [C] ~ (into sth) act of coming or going in 进入: * The children were surprised by the sudden entry of their teacher. 老师突然进来把孩子们吓了一跳. * the entry of the USA into world politics 美国对世界政治的参与 * The thieves had forced an entry into the building. 窃贼闯进了楼内. 2 [U] ~ (to sth) right of entering 进入权: * We can't go along that road because the sign says `No Entry'. 我们不能走那条路, 因为牌子上 写着‘禁止入内’. * He finally gained entry to the hotel by giving some money to the doorman. 他给了门濒一些钱, 终於得以进入旅馆. * [attrib 作定语] an entry visa, ie a stamp or signature on a passport allowing sb to enter a particular country 入境签证. 3 [C] (a) (place of) entrance, esp a passage or small entrance hall 入口（处）（尤指过道、 小门厅）: * You can leave your umbrella in the entry. 雨伞可放於入口处. * the entry to a block of flats 公寓大楼的入口处. (b) narrow passage between buildings 建 物之间的甬道. 4 (a) [C] ~ (in sth) item written in a list, a diary, an account book, etc （写进清单、 日记、 帐本等的）项目: * There's no entry in his diary for that day. 他的日记上没有那一天的记录. * I'll have to check the entries in the ledger. 我得核对一下总帐的项目. * entries in a dictionary 词典的条目. (b) [U] recording of such an item （这种项目的）记载, 记录, 登记: * The entry of all expenditure is necessary. 有必要把一切开支入帐. 5 ~ (for sth) (a) [C] person or thing that is entered for a competition 参加比赛的人或物: * fifty entries for the 800 metres 有五十人参加800米赛跑 * a last-minute entry for the pony race 最後关头才参赛的马 * This painting is my entry for the art competition. 这幅画是我参加艺术比赛的作品. (b) [sing] list or total number of persons, etc entered for a competition （参加比赛的）名单、 总人数等:

entry1
* There's a large entry for the flower show this year. 今年的花展有大量花卉参展.

Entryphone
[5entrifEun; 5entrifon] n (propr 专利名) type of telephone placed on the wall by the entrance to a building, esp a block of flats, to enable visitors to speak to individual occupants before being allowed to enter 对讲机（安装在公寓等建 物入口处墙上的一种电话, 可使来访者与住户通话後获准入内）.

entwine
[in'twain; in'twain] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with/round sth) (a) make sth by twisting one thing around another 编制（将一物缠绕在另一物上制成某物）: * entwine a garland of flowers 编制花冠. (b) wind one thing with or round another 缠绕; 挽; 搂: * They walked along with (their) arms entwined. 他们挽着胳膊走去.

enumerate
[i'nju:mEreit; - i'nu:-; i'numE7ret] v [Tn] name (things on a list) one by one; count 列出（清单上的事物）; 数: * She enumerated the items we had to buy sugar, tea, soap, etc. 她列出了我们要购买的东西--糖、 茶叶、 肥皂等. > enumeration/i7nju:mE'reiFn; - i7nu:-; i7numE'reFEn] n [U, C].

enunciate
[i'nQnsieit; i'nQnsi7et] v 1 [I, Tn] say or pronounce (words or sounds) clearly （清晰地）念（字）, 发（音）: * That actor enunciates very well. 那演员发音很清晰. * She enunciated each word slowly for her students. 她把每个字都给学生慢慢念清楚. 2 [Tn] express(a theory, etc) clearly or distinctly 阐明（理论等）: * He is always willing to enunciate his opinions on the subject of politics. 他总是愿意对政治问题发表意见.> enunciation/i7nQnsi'eiFn; i7nQnsi'eFEn] n [C, U].

envelop
[in'velEp; in'velEp] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth/sb (in sth) wrap sth/sb up; cover or surround sth/sb completely (in sth) 包住某事物[某人]; 将某事物[某人]覆盖, 包围（於某事物中）: * mountains enveloped in cloud 隐没在云中的群山 * a baby enveloped in a blanket 裹在毛毯中的婴儿 * The coat was far too big it completely enveloped him. 大衣太大--把他整个儿包起来了. * (fig 比喻) envelop a subject in mystery 把某一问题弄得神秘莫测. > envelopment n [U].

envelope
[5envElEup, also'Cn-; 5envE7lop, 'anvE7lop] n wrapper or covering, esp one made of paper for a letter 封套; 封皮; （尤指）信封: * writing paper and envelopes 信纸和信封 * an airmail envelope 航空信封.

envenom
[in'venEm; in'venEm] v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (fml 文) 1 put poison on or in (eg a weapon) 置毒药於（如武器）上: * an envenomed dagger 涂有毒药的匕首. 2 (fig 比喻) fill (sth/sb) with bitterhatred 使（某事物[某人]）充满怨恨: * arguments envenomed with spite 怀有恶意的争辩.

enviable
[5enviEbl; 5enviEbl] adj (of people or things) causing envy; desirable enough to cause envy （指人或物）引起忌妒的; 值得羡慕的: * an enviable achievement 值得羡慕的成就 * an enviable examination result 值得羡慕的考试成绩 * an enviable woman, eg one whose life is happy and successful 令人羡慕的女人（如其生活幸福成功者）. > enviably[-bli; -bli] adv: * enviably rich 富得令人羡慕.

envious
[5enviEs; 5enviEs] adj ~ (of sb/sth) full of envy; feeling, showing or expressing envy 满怀忌妒的; 表现出或表示忌妒或羡慕的: * I'm so envious of you getting an extra day's holiday. 我真羡慕你得到一天额外的假期. * She cast envious glances at her sister's dress. 她以羡慕的目光看着姐姐的连衣裙. * He was envious of his brother's success. 他忌妒他哥哥的成功.> enviously adv.

environment
[in'vaiErEnmEnt; in'vairEnmEnt] n 1 [C, U] conditions, circumstances, etc affecting people's lives （影响人们生活的）情况、 环境等: * An unhappy home environment can affect a child's behaviour. 不愉快的家庭环境能影响儿童的行为. * A noisy smoke-filled room is not the best environment to work in. 房间里乌烟瘴气於工作十分不利. 2 the environment [sing] natural conditions, eg land, air and water, in which we live （我们生活的）自然环境（如土地、 空气、 水）: * Many people are concerned about the pollution of the environment.许多人都关心环境污染问题. * measures to protect the environment, ie prevent spoiling it further 保护环境的措施（防止进一步污染） * the Department of the Environment, ie the British Government department responsible for land planning, transport, preservation of public amenities, pollution control, protection of the coast and countryside, etc 环境事务部（英国政府部门, 负责土地规划、 运输、 保护公共设施、 控制污染、 保护海岸和乡村等）. 派生： environmental/in7vaiErEn'mentl; in7vairEn'mentl] adj 1 of or caused by a person's environment 个人环境的; 由个人环境产生的: * disturbing environmental influences令人不安的环境影响. 2 of the environment 环境的: * environmental science 环境科学. environmentalist/in7vaiErEn'mentElist; in7vairEn'mentElist] n person who is concerned about and wants to improve or protect the environment 环境保护论者: * [attrib 作定语] an environmentalist protest 环境保护论者的抗议. environmentally[-tEli; -tli] adv: * Building a new factory there would be environmentally disastrous. 在那里建新工厂将严重损害环境.

environs
[in'vaiErEnz; in'vairEnz] n [pl] (fml 文) districts surrounding a town, etc 郊区; 近郊等: * Berlin and its environs 柏林及其郊区.

envisage
[in'vizidV; in'vizidV] v [Tn, Tf, Tw, Tg, Tsg] picture (an event, action, etc) in the mind as a future possibility; imagine 展望; 想像: * Nobody can envisage the consequences of total nuclear war. 没有人能想像出全面核子战争的後果. * I can't envisage the plan('s) working. 我无法设想计划能否行得通.

envoy
[5envCi; 5envCi] n 1 messenger or representative, esp one sent to deal with a foreign government 使者; 代表; （尤指）外交官: * the Archbishop of Canterbury's envoy 坎特伯雷大主教的使者. 2 diplomatic agent next in rank below an ambassador 公使.

envy
1[5envi; 5envi] n [U] 1 ~ (of sb); ~ (at/of sth) feeling of discontent caused by sb else's good fortune or success, esp when one wishes this for oneself 忌妒; 羡慕: * He couldn't conceal his envy of me/envy at my success. 他遮掩不住对我的忌妒[对我的成就的忌妒]. * His new car excited their envy. 他们很羡慕他的新汽车. * They only say such unkind things about you out of envy, ie because they are full of envy. 他们纯粹出於忌妒才说你这些坏话. 2 (idm 习语) the envy of sb thing that causes sb to feel envy 令人忌妒或羡慕的事物: * Her many talents were the envy of all her friends. 她多才多艺, 所有的朋友都很羡慕她. * He's the envy of the whole street. 整条街的人都很羡慕他. Cf 参看 jealousy.

enzyme
[5enzaim; 5enzaim] n (chemistry 化) 1 organic chemical substance that is formed in living cells and assists chemical changes (eg in digestion) without being changed itself ; 酵素. 2 similar substance produced artificially for use in detergents, etc 人造 （用於清洁剂等）: * Washing powders containing enzymes are said to remove stains more efficiently. 据说含有人造 的洗衣粉去污力强.

eon
= aeon.

EP
[7i: 'pi:; 7i 'pi] abbr 缩写 = extended-play (record) 慢速唱片; 密纹唱片: * a collection of EPs 一批慢速唱片. Cf 参看 single n 5, LP.

epaulette
(also esp US epaulet)[5epElet; 5epE7let] n shoulder ornament on a naval or military officer's uniform （海军或陆军军官制服上的）肩章.

epee
[5eipei; e'pe] n thin sharp-pointed sword used (with the end blunted) in fencing (fence2) 重剑（钝化的击剑用剑）. Cf 参看 foil3, sabre 2.

ephemera
[i'femErE; i'femErE] n [pl] things that are used, enjoyed, etc for only a short time and then forgotten 只可短期使用、 享受等的事物.

ephemeral
[i'femErEl; i'femErEl] adj living, lasting, etc for a very short time （生存、 持续等）短暂的: * ephemeral pleasures 短暂的欢乐 * Slang words are often ephemeral. 俚语往往只流行於一时.

epic
[5epik; 5epik] n 1 (a) long poem about the deeds of one or more great heroes, or a nation's past history 叙事诗; 史诗: * Homer's Iliad is a famous epic. 荷马的《伊利亚特》是着名的史诗. (b) long film, story, etc dealing with heroic deeds and exciting adventures 叙述英雄事迹和历险的电影、 故事等: * yet another epic about the Roman empire 另一部关於罗马帝国的电影. 2 (infml or joc 口或谑) subject fit to be regarded as heroic 惊人之举: * Mending the car became something of an epic. 修理汽车竟然也算是了不起的事. 派生： epic adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of or like an epic; heroic; grand 史诗般的; 英勇的; 宏伟的: an epic encounter, struggle, achievement 可歌可泣的遭遇战、 英勇的斗争、 伟大的成就.

epicentre
(US epicenter)[5episentE(r); 5epi7sentl] n (a) point at which an earthquake reaches the earth's surface 震中; 震央. (b) (fig 比喻) central point of a difficult situation 困难所在: * the epicentre of the riot 暴乱的中心.

epicure
[5epikjuE(r); 5epi7kjur] n person who takes a special interest in and gets great pleasure from food and drink 美食家: * This cookery book has been written by a real epicure. 这本食谱是由一位真正的美食家写的.

epicurean
[7epikju'ri:En; 7epikju'riEn] n, adj (person who is) fond of pleasure and luxury 爱享乐的; 享乐主义者: * In his youth he was an extravagant epicurean. 他年轻时是个花花公子. * an epicurean feast 丰盛的宴席.

epidemic
[7epi'demik; 7epE'demik] n, adj (disease) spreading quickly among many people in the same place for a time 流行性的; 流行病: * an influenza epidemic 流行性感冒 * (fig 比喻) an epidemic of crime in our major cities 在我们的大城市中罪案频仍 * Football hooliganism is now reaching epidemic proportions. 足球比赛中恣意闹事现已达愈演愈烈的地步. Cf 参看 endemic, pandemic.

epidermis
[7epi'dE:mis; 7epE'dEmis] n [U, C] (anatomy 解) outer layer of the skin 表皮: * a damaged epidermis 受损伤的表皮.

epidural
[7epi'djuErEl; 7epE'djurEl] adj (medical 医) (of an anaesthetic) injected round the nerves in the spine and having the effect of anaesthetizing the lower part of the body （指麻醉剂）硬膜外的. 派生： epidural n epidural injection 硬膜外注射: Epidurals are now often used during childbirth. 现在分娩时常用硬膜外注射.

epiglottis
[7epi'glCtis; 7epE'glatis] n (anatomy 解) thin flap of tissue at the back of the tongue that covers the windpipe during swallowing to prevent food or drink from entering the lungs 会厌. > epiglottal[-'glCtl;-'glatl] adj.

epigram
[5epigrAm; 5epE7grAm] n short poem or saying expressing an idea in a clever and amusing way 诙谐短诗; 警句: * The playwright Oscar Wilde was noted for his epigrams. 剧作家奥斯卡．王尔德以他的诙谐短诗着称. 派生： epigrammatic[7epigrE'mAtik; 7epEgrE'mAtik] adj expressing things, or expressed, in a short and witty way 精警的: * an epigrammatic style 善用警句的风格.

epilepsy
[5epilepsi; 5epE7lepsi] n [U] disease of the nervous system that causes a person to fall unconscious (often with violent uncontrolled movements of the body) 癫 症; 羊 风; 羊角风: * various forms of epilepsy 各类的癫 . 派生： epileptic[7epi'leptik; 7epE'leptik] adj of epilepsy 癫 的: * an epileptic fit 癫 发作. -- n person who suffers from epilepsy 癫 症患者: * She's been an epileptic from birth. 她是先天性癫 患者.

epilogue
[5epilCg; 5epE7lCg] (US epilog[-lC:g; -lCg] ) n (a) part or section added at the end of a book, play, film, programme, etc, as a comment on the main action （书、 剧本、 电影、 节目等的）结尾部分, 後记; 跋. (b) short speech or poem spoken by one of the characters at the end of a play （戏剧演出结束时由一个角色念的）收场白, 收场诗: * Fortinbras speaks the epilogue in Shakespeare's `Hamlet'. 在莎士比亚的《哈姆雷特》中, 由福丁布拉斯念收场白. Cf 参看 prologue.

Epiphany
[i'pifEni; i'pifEni] n Christian festival held on 6 January, in memory of the coming of the Magi to the baby Jesus at Bethlehem 显现节, 主显节（每年1月6日纪念耶稣显灵的节日）.

episcopal
[i'piskEpl; i'piskEpl] adj (fml 文) of or governed by a bishop or bishops 主教的; 主教管辖的: * the Episcopal Church, ie (esp) the Anglican Church in the US and Scotland （尤指美国和苏格兰的）圣公会. Cf 参看 Presbyterian. 派生： episcopalian/i7piskE'peiliEn; i7piskE'peliEn] n, adj (member) of an episcopal church 圣公会的; 圣公会教徒: * Are you a Roman Catholic or an Episcopalian? 你是罗马天主教徒还是圣公会教徒?

episiotomy
[E7pi:zi'CtEmi; E7pizi'atEmi] n (medical 医) cut made at the opening of the vagina during childbirth to aid the delivery of the baby 外阴切开术.

episode
[5episEud; 5epE7sod] n [C] 1 (description of an) event occurring as part of a long series of events as in a novel, one's life, etc （小说或人生等的）片段, 插曲: * That's an episode in my life I'd rather forget! 那是我一生中但愿忘却的经历! * One of the funniest episodes in the book occurs in Chapter 6. 书中最有趣的部分是在第6章. 2 part of a TV or radio serial broadcast at one time （电视或无线电广播的）一集: * the final episode 大结局 * Listen to the next exciting episode tomorrow night. 请於明晚收听精采的下一集. 派生： episodic[7epi'sCdik; 7epE'sadik] adj (a) occurring irregularly; sporadic 偶然发生的; 分散性的: * episodic fits of depression 阵发性抑郁症. (b) (of a story, novel, etc) containing or consisting of a series of events （指故事、 小说等）由一系列片段组成的: * an episodic style 描述一系列片段故事的写作风格.

epistle
[i'pisl; i'pisl] n 1 (usu joc 通常作戏谑语) letter 书信: * Her mother sends her a long epistle every week. 她母亲每周给她写一封长信. 2 Epistle (Bible 圣经) any of the letters included in the New Testament, written by the Apostles 《新约全书》中的使徒书信: * the Epistle of St Paul to the Romans 《保罗达罗马人书》. 派生： epistolary/i'pistElEri; - -leri; i'pistE7leri] adj (fml 文) of, carried on by, or written in the form of letters 书信的; 用书信进行的; 书信体的: * an epistolary friendship 书来信往的友谊 * an epistolary novel 书信体小说.

epitaph
[5epita:f; - -tAf; 5epE7tAf] n words written or said about a dead person, esp words inscribed on a tombstone 悼文; 祭文; 悼词; （尤指）墓志铭.

epithet
[5epiWet; 5epE7Wet] n adjective or descriptive phrase that refers to the character or most important quality of sb/sth eg Alfred the Great, Attila the Hun （表示某人[某事物]性格或最主要特性的）修饰词或描述性短语（如阿尔弗烈德大王, 匈奴王阿提拉）.

epitome
[i'pitEmi; i'pitEmi] n 1 thing that shows on a small scale all the characteristics of sth much larger 梗概; 缩影: * The divisions we see in this school are the epitome of those occurring throughout the whole country. 我们在这所学校中看到的各个部门是全国各校的缩影. 2 person or thing that is a perfect example of a quality, type, etc 典型的人或事物: * the absolute epitome of a school teacher 中小学教师的典范 * She's the epitome of kindness. 她是仁慈的化身. 3 (dated 旧) short summary of a book, speech, etc （书、 演讲等的）摘要. 派生： epitomize, -ise/i'pitEmaiz; i'pitE7maiz] v [Tn] be an epitome of (sth) 成为（某事物）的缩影: * He epitomizes everything I dislike. 我讨厌的一切都在他身上体现出来 了. * She epitomizes the loving mother. 她是典型的慈母.

EPNS
[7i: pi: en 'es; 7i pi en 'es] abbr 缩写 = (on cutlery, tableware, etc) electroplated nickel silver （餐具等上的字样）电镀镍银.

epoch
[5i:pCk; - 'epEk; 5epEk] n (beginning of a) period of time in history, life, the history of the earth, etc, esp one marked by notable events or characteristics 纪元; 时代; 时期: * Einstein's theory marked a new epoch in mathematics. 爱因斯坦理论开创了数学的新纪元. 复合： `epoch-making adj (fml or joc 文或谑) important and remarkable enough to change the course of history and begin a new epoch 开新纪元的; 划时代的: the epoch-making discovery of America 发现美洲的划时代的创举 * I told him his idea was not exactly epoch-making. 我告诉他说他的思想算不上是划时代的.

Epsom salts
[7epsEm 'sC:lts; 5epsEm 'sClts] magnesium sulphate, a bitter white powder used medically to empty the bowels 泻盐.

equable
[5ekwEbl; 5ekwEbl] adj 1 free from extremes of heat or cold; moderate 冷热适中的; 温和的: * an equable climate 温和的气候. 2 (of a person) not easily upset or annoyed; even-tempered （指人）不易恼怒的, 性情温和的: * an equable temperament 温和的性情 * It's lucky that his parents are so equable. 值得庆幸的是他双亲性情非常温和. > equably[5ekwEbli; 5ekwEbli] adv.

equal
[5i:kwEl; 5ikwEl] adj 1 the same in size, amount, value, number, degree, status, etc （大小、 数量、 价值、 程度、 状况等）相同的, 相等的, 同样的: * They are of equal height. 他们一般高. * Divide the cake into equal parts. 把蛋糕分成等份. * Equal amounts of flour and sugar should be added to the mixture. 应在混合物中加入等量的面粉和糖. * He speaks Arabic and English with equal ease. 他说阿拉伯语和英语都一样自如. * Women are demanding equal pay for equal work, ie equal to that of men. 妇女要求同工同酬（与男人一样）. * In intelligence, the children are about equal. 这些儿童在智力上大致相同. 2 [pred 作表语] ~ to sth/doing sth having the strength, courage, ability, etc for sth 对某事物有力量、 勇气、 能力等; 能胜任: * She feels equal to the task. 她认为能胜任该项工作. * He's equal to (ie able to deal with) the occasion. 他能应付这一局面. * He doesn't seem equal to meeting our demands. 他似乎不太合乎我们的要求. 3 (idm 习语) on equal terms (with sb) (meeting or speaking) as equals, with no difference in status or rank 平等相处; 地位相等: * Now that she has been promoted she is on equal terms with her ex-boss. 她既然已升级, 就和原先的上司平起平坐了. other things being equal => thing. 派生： equal n person or thing equal to oneself in some way 和自己相当的人或事物: He's my equal in strength. 他和我力气一样大. * She's the equal of her brother as far as intelligence is concerned. 论智力, 她和她哥哥不相上下. * We consider ourselves equals. 我们彼此不分上下. equal v (-ll-) (US -l-) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (in sth) be equal to sb/sth 与某人[某事物]相同或相等: equalling the Olympic record 平奥运会纪录 * He is equalled by no one in kindness. 没有人比他更善良. equality/i'kwClEti; i'kwalEti] n [U] state of being equal 平等: * Women are still struggling for true equality with men. 妇女仍在争取与男人真正平等.

equal1
* equality of opportunity, ie having an equal chance of being considered for jobs, promotion, etc 机会均等（在求职、 提升等方面有同等的机会）. equalize, -ise[5i:kwElaiz; 5ikwEl7aiz] v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become equal (in size, amount, etc) （使某事物）（在大小、 数量等上）相等: * Germany were winning the match until just before the end when the other team equalized, ie scored another goal to make the scores equal. 德国队眼看要赢得这场比赛, 而恰在终场前对方把比分扳平. equalization, -isation[7i:kwElai'zeiFn; - -li'z-; 7ikwElE'zeFEn] n [U]. equally[5i:kwEli; 5ikwEli] adv 1 in an equal manner or to an equal degree 相等地; 同等地: * They are equally clever. 他们一样聪明. 2 in equal parts 均等: * They share the housework equally between them. 他们平等分担家务. 3 also; similarly; in addition 也; 同样; 此外: * We must try to think about what is best for him; equally we must consider what he wants to do. 我们要为他着想, 同时也要想到他愿意干什麽.

equanimity
[7ekwE'nimEti; 7ekwE'nimEti] n [U] calmness of mind or temper 心情平静; 情绪镇定: * She maintained her equanimity throughout her long ordeal. 她在长期的苦难中心情一直都很平静. * Nothing disturbs his equanimity. 没有任何事能扰乱他平静的心绪.

equate
[i'kweit; i'kwet] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to/with sth) consider sth as equal or equivalent (to sth else) 认为某事物（与另一事物）相等或相仿: * You can't equate the education system of Britain to that of Germany. 不能把英国教育制度与德国教育制度等同起来. * He equates poverty with misery. 他认为贫穷就是不幸.

equation
[i'kweiVn; i'kweVEn] n 1 [C] (mathematics 数) statement that two expressions (connected by the sign =) are equal, eg 2x + 5 = 11 等式（如2x + 5 = 11）. 2 [U] action of making equal or regarding as equal 等同; 相等: * The equation of wealth with happiness can be dangerous. 把财富与幸福等同起来有时候很危险.

equator
[i'kweitE(r); i'kwetl] n imaginary line (or one drawn on a map, etc) around the earth at an equal distance from the North and South Poles 赤道: * It is very hot near the equator. 赤道附近非常热. =>illus at globe 见globe之插图. 派生： equatorial[7ekwE'tC:riEl; 7ekwE'tCriEl] adj of or near the equator 赤道的; 赤道附近的: * an equatorial climate 赤道的气候 * equatorial jungles 赤道附近的丛林.

equerry
[i'kweri, also'ekwEri; i'kweri, 'ekwEri] n (in Britain) officer attending the king, the queen or a member of the royal family （英国的）王室侍从: * He is equerry to the Prince of Wales. 他是威尔士亲王的侍从.

equestrian
[i'kwestriEn; i'kwestriEn] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of horse-riding 骑马的: * equestrian skill 骑术 * an equestrian statue, ie of a person on a horse 骑士塑像 * equestrian events at the Olympic Games 奥林匹克运动会的骑术比赛. 派生： equestrian n person who is skilled at horse-riding 骑师.

equi-
comb form 构词成分 equal; equally 同等的; 同等地: equipoise * equidistant.

equidistant
[7i:kwi'distEnt; 7ikwE'distEnt] adj [pred 作表语] ~ (from sth) (fml 文) at an equal distance (from two or more places, etc) 等距离: * Our house is equidistant from the two pubs in the village. 我们的房子离村中两家酒馆距离相等.

equilateral
[7i:kwi'lAtErEl; 7ikwE'lAtErEl] adj (geometry 几) having all sides equal 等边的: * an equilateral triangle 等边叁角形.

equilibrium
[7i:kwi'libriEm, also7ek-; 7ikwE'libriEm, ek-] n [U] 1 state of being balanced 平衡; 均势: * This pair of scales is not in equilibrium. 这个天平不平衡. * He can't maintain enough equilibrium to ride a bike. 他骑自行车不能保持平衡. 2 (fig 比喻) balanced state of mind, feelings, etc （心情、 感情等）平静: * She lost her usual equilibrium and shouted at him angrily. 她一反常态, 向他愤怒地叫喊.

equine
[5ekwain; 5ekwain] adj of or like a horse or horses 马的; 似马的: * the equine species 马类 * (fig 比喻) He has a long equine face. 他的脸像马脸那麽长.

equinox
[5i:kwinCks, also'ek-; 5ikwE7naks, ek-] n either of the two times in the year (around 21 March and 22 September) when the sun crosses the equator and day and night are of equal length 春分; 秋分: * spring/vernal equinox 春分 * autumnal equinox 秋分. Cf 参看 solstice. 派生： equinoctial[7i:kwi'nCkFl, also7ek-; 7ikwE'nakFEl, ek-] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of, at or near the equinox 春分或秋分时的; 在春分或秋分前後的: * equinoctial gales/tides 春分或秋分时的暴风雨[潮汐].

equip
[i'kwip; i'kwip] v (-pp-) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (with sth) supply sb/sth (with what is needed, for a particular purpose) 配备; 装备: * They equipped themselves for the expedition. 他们为远征治装. * Please equip yourself with a sharp pencil and a rubber for the exam. 请准备一枝尖的铅笔和一块橡皮参加考试. * The soldiers were well equipped with weapons and ammunition. 士兵们装备好了武器和弹药. * A good education should equip you for life. 有良好的教育能受用终生. 派生： equipment n [U] 1 things needed for a particular purpose 设备; 装备: office equipment, eg typewriters, photocopiers, stationery, etc 办公室的设备（如打字机、 影印机、 文具等） * sports equipment 运动器材 * a factory with modern equipment 有现代化设备的工厂. 2 action of equipping 装备; 配备: The equipment of the photographic studio was expensive. 装备摄影室的开支很大.

equipoise
[5ekwipCiz; 5ekwE7pCiz] n (fml 文) 1 [U] balanced state, esp of the mind; equilibrium 平衡状态; （尤指）心态平衡; 心情平静. 2 [C] thing that counterbalances 平衡物.

equitable
[5ekwitEbl; 5ekwitEbl] adj (fml 文) fair and just; reasonable 公正的; 合理的: * the most equitable solution to the dispute 对该纠纷最公正的解决 * Each person must have an equitable share. 每人应得合理的一份. > equitably[-bli; -bli] adv.

equity
[5ekwEti; 5ekwEti] n 1 [U] fairness; right judgement 公平; 公正的裁判: * The equity of the referee's decision was accepted by everyone. 大家都同意裁判员的公正裁判. 2 [U] (law 律 esp Brit) principles of justice used to correct laws when these would seem unfair in special circumstances 衡平法. 3 equities [pl] ordinary stocks and shares that carry no fixed interest （利息不定的）普通股.

equivalent
[i'kwivElEnt; i'kwivElEnt] adj ~ (to sth) equal in value, amount, meaning, importance, etc （价值、 数量、 意义、 重要性等）相同的: * What is 5 equivalent to in French francs? 5英镑相当於多少法国法郎? * 250 grams or an equivalent amount in ounces250克或与之相当的盎司. 派生： equivalence[-lEns; -lEns] n 1 [U] state or quality of being equivalent 均等; 等量. 2 [C] thing that is equivalent 相等物. equivalent n thing, amount or word that is equivalent 相等的事物或数量; 对应词: the metric equivalent of two miles 两英里的公制等距 * Is there a French word that is the exact equivalent of the English word `home'? 法语中有没有和英语home完全一样的对应词?

equivocal
[i'kwivEkl; i'kwivEkl] adj 1 having a double or doubtful meaning; ambiguous 模 两可的; 意义不明的: * The politician gave an equivocal answer. 那政客的答覆模 两可. 2 (of behaviour, circumstances, etc) questionable; suspicious （指行为、 情况等）不可靠的, 可疑的. 派生： equivocate/i'kwivEkeit; i'kwivE7ket] v [I] speak in an ambiguous way to hide the truth or mislead people 说模 两可的话; 支吾; 蒙混: * Don't equivocate with me I want a straight answer to a straight question! 别跟我绕弯子--我问的问题直截了当, 回答也要直截了当! equivocation/i7kwivE'keiFn; i7kwivE'keFEn] n 1 [U] use of equivocal statements to mislead people 用模 两可的话迷惑人; 含糊其词. 2 [C] equivocal expression 暧昧语.

ER
abbr 缩写 = (eg on post-boxes) Queen Elizabeth (Latin Elizabetha Regina) （如邮政信箱上的字样）伊丽莎白女王（源自拉丁文Elizabetha Regina）. Cf 参看 GR.

era
[5iErE; 5irE] n [C] 1 period in history starting from a particular time or event 纪元; 年代; 时代: * the Elizabethan era 伊丽莎白时代. 2 period in history marked by an important event or development （以重大事件或重要发展为标志的）历史时期, 时代: * the era of the miniskirt 超短裙时代 * We are living in the computer era. 我们正生活在计算机时代.

eradicate
[i'rAdikeit; i'rAdi7ket] v [Tn] destroy (sth) completely; put an end to (sth) 根除, 消灭（某事物）; 结束（某事物）: * Smallpox has almost been eradicated. 天花几乎已消灭. * attempts to eradicate crime 力图根除罪恶的行动. 派生： eradication/i7rAdi'keiFn; i7rAdi'keFEn] n [U]. eradicator/i'rAdikeitE(r); i'rAdi7ketl] n [C, U]person or thing that eradicates, esp a chemical substance that removes ink marks 根除者; 消除物（尤指去墨水迹的化学物质）: * a bottle of ink eradicator 一瓶消字灵.

erase
[i'reiz; - i'reis; i'res] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) rub or scrape sth out; remove all traces of sth 擦掉或刮掉某物; 消除某事物的痕迹: * erase pencil marks 擦去铅笔的笔迹 * (fig 比喻) She couldn't erase the incident from her memory. 她难以忘却那次事故. 2 [Tn] remove a recording from (magnetic tape) 从（磁带）上抹去录音或录像. 派生： eraser/i'reizE(r); - -sEr; i'resl] n (US; Brit fml 文) (Brit also rubber) thing that erases, esp a piece of rubber, etc for removing pencil marks 清除用具（尤指擦去铅笔笔迹的橡皮等）. eraser head device on a cassette or video player for erasing material recorded on magnetic tape （录音机或录像机上的）消磁器. erasure/i'reiVE(r); i'reVl] n (fml 文) 1 [U] action of erasing 擦掉; 刮掉; 消除. 2 [C] (a) word, etc that has been erased 删掉的词等. (b) place or mark where sth has been erased 涂擦的痕迹: * erasures in a letter 信中的涂擦痕迹.

ere
[eE(r); er] conj, prep (arch or rhet 古或修辞) before 在...以前: * ere break of day 破晓前 * ere long, ie soon 不久.

erect
1[i'rekt; i'rekt] adj 1 standing on end; upright; vertical 直立的; 竖直的; 垂直的: * stand erect 笔直地站着 * hold a banner erect 将旗子举直. 2 (of a part of the body, esp the penis) swollen and stiff from sexual excitement （指身体的某部, 尤指阴茎）因性刺激而勃起的. > erectness n [U].

erectile
[i'rektail; - -tl; i'rektl] adj (anatomy 解) (of parts of the body, esp the penis) that can become swollen and stiff from sexual excitement （指身体的某部, 尤指阴茎）能勃起的: * erectile tissue 勃起组织.

erg
[E:g; Eg] n unit of energy in the metric system 尔格（能量的公制单位）.

ergo
[5E:gEu; 5Ego] adv (usu joc 通常作戏谑语) therefore 所以; 因此.

ergonomics
[7E:gE'nCmiks; 7EgE'namiks] n [sing v] study of work and working conditions in order to improve people's efficiency 工作环境改造学.

ermine
[5E:min; 5Emin] n 1 [C] (pl unchanged or ~s 复数或不变或作ermines) small animal of the weasel family whose fur is brown in summer and white in winter 貂; 扫雪鼬. Cf 参看 ferret, stoat, weasel. 2 [U] its white winter fur, esp as used to trim the robes of judges, etc 白色貂皮（尤用於制法官等的长袍的饰边）: * a gown trimmed with ermine 饰以貂皮的长袍 * [attrib 作定语] ermine robes 白色貂皮袍.

erode
[i'rEud; i'rod] v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (of acids, rain, wind, etc) destroy or wear (sth) away gradually （指酸、 雨、 风等）侵蚀, 腐蚀（某物）: * Metals are eroded by acids. 金属能被酸腐蚀. * The sea has eroded the cliff face over the years. 海水经年累月冲刷着峭壁的表面. * (fig 比喻) The rights of the individual are being steadily eroded. 个人的权利正逐渐受到侵犯. 派生： erosion/i'rEuVn; i'roVEn] n [U] process of eroding or being eroded 侵蚀; 腐蚀: * the erosion of the coastline by the sea 海水对海岸的冲刷 * attempts to reduce soil erosion 减少土壤侵蚀的做法 * (fig 比喻) the steady erosion of the President's credibility 总统的威信日渐丧失. erosive/i'rEusiv; i'rosiv] adj.

erogenous
[i'rCdVEnEs; i'radVEnEs] adj (of areas of the body) particularly sensitive to sexual stimulation （指身体的某部）性欲发生的: * e,rogenous `zones 性欲发生区.

erotic
[i'rCtik; i'ratik] adj of or arousing sexual desire 性欲的; 色情的; 引起性欲的: * erotic art, verse, photography, etc 色情艺术、 诗歌、 摄影等 * an erotic painting 色情画 * the erotic urge 性冲动. 派生： erotica/i'rCtikE; i'ratikE] n [pl] books, pictures, etc intended to arouse sexual desire 色情书、 画等: * a collection of erotica 春宫录. erotically[-kli; -kli] adv. eroticism/i'rCtisizEm; i'ratE7sizEm] n [U] (quality of stimulating) sexual desire 性欲; 色情性: * the film's blatant eroticism 影片露骨的色情性.

err
[E:(r); - eEr; er] v (fml 文) 1 [I] (a) make mistakes; be wrong 犯错误; 出错. (b) do wrong; sin 做错事; 犯罪. 2 (idm 习语) err on the side of sth show too much of a (usu good) quality 过分表现某品质（通常指好的）: * It's better to err on the side of tolerance (ie be too tolerant rather than too severe) when dealing with young offenders. 对待失足的青少年宁可失之过宽（宁过宽而勿过严）. to ,err is `human (to for,give di`vine) (saying 谚) it is human nature to sin and make mistakes (and therefore one should be as forgiving as possible) 人孰无过（宽恕为上）.

errand
[5erEnd; 5erEnd] n 1 short journey to take a message, get or deliver goods, etc 短程差使（送信、 取货或送货等）: * He was tired of running errands for his sister. 他已厌烦给姐姐当跑腿了. 2 object or purpose of such a journey 差事: * I've come on a special errand. 我是专程来办一件差事的. 3 (idm 习语) an errand of `mercy journey to bring help to sb who is in distress 帮助受困者之行; 雪中送炭. a fool's errand => fool1.

errant
[5erEnt; 5erEnt] adj (arch or joc 古或谑) 1 [attrib 作定语] doing wrong; misbehaving 犯错的; 行为不当的: * an ,errant (ie unfaithful) `husband/`wife 不安分的丈夫[妻子]. 2 wandering in search of adventure (esp in the expression shown) 为冒险而周游的（尤用於以下示例）: * a ,knight `errant 游侠.

erratic
[i'rAtik; i'rAtik] adj (usu derog 通常作贬义) irregular or uneven in movement, quality or behaviour; unreliable （动作、 品质或行为）不规则的, 无常的, 不可靠的: * Deliveries of goods are erratic. 不按规定送货. * The singer gave an erratic performance. 演唱者未唱出水平. * This clock is rather erratic. 这个钟不太准.> erratically[-kli; -kli] adv: * Being out of practice the team played very erratically. 这队因缺乏练习而表现失常.

erratum
[e'ra:tEm; e'ratEm] n (pl errata[-tE; -tE] ) (fml 文) error in printing or writing 印刷或书写的错误: * a list of errata 勘误表 * an erratum slip, ie a piece of paper inserted into a book after printing, listing errors, misprints, etc 勘误附页.

erroneous
[i'rEuniEs; i'roniEs] adj (fml 文) incorrect; mistaken 不正确的; 错误的: * erroneous ideas, conclusions, statements, etc 错误的观念、 结论、 说法等. > erroneously adv: * a poem erroneously attributed to Shakespeare 被误认为是莎士比亚写的诗.

error
[5erE(r); 5erl] n 1 [C] thing done wrongly; mistake 错误; 差错: * spelling errors 拼法错误 * a computer error 计算机错误 * printer's errors, ie misprints 印刷错误. 2 [U] state of being wrong in belief or behaviour 想法或行为的错误: * The letter was sent to you in error, ie by mistake. 此信误送给你了. * The accident was the result of human error. 这事故是人为的错误造成的. 3 [C] (in calculations, etc) amount of inaccuracy （计算等的）误差: * an error of 2 per cent 百分之二的误差. =>Usage at mistake1 用法见mistake1. 4 (idm 习语) an ,error of `judgement a mistake in one's assessment of a situation, etc （对情况等的）判断错误. the ,error of one's `ways aspects of one's way of life that are wrong and should be changed 生活中应改正的过失: * Jones used to be a thief, but now he's seen the error of his ways and is trying to rebuild his life. 琼斯过去是小偷, 但是现已知过能改重新做人. trial and error => trial.

ersatz
[5eEzAts, 'E:sa:ts; er'zats] adj (often derog 常作贬义) imitation or substitute, usu inferior to the original 仿制的, 代用的（通常次於原物）: * ersatz coffee, whisky, silk 代用咖啡、 仿制威士忌、 人造丝.

erudite
[5eru:dait; 5eru7dait] adj (fml 文) having or showing great learning; scholarly 博学的; 有学问的: * an erudite lecture 博大精深的讲座. 派生： eruditely adv. erudition[7eru:'diFn; 7eru'diFEn] n [U] learning 学问: * display one's erudition 炫耀自己的学识 * a man of immense erudition 饱学之士.

erupt
[i'rQpt; i'rQpt] v 1 [I] (of a volcano) suddenly throw out lava, etc （指火山）爆发: * It's many years since Mount Vesuvius last erupted. 维苏威火山上一次爆发至今已有很多年了. 2 [I, Ipr] (fig 比喻) break out suddenly and violently 突然发生: * Violence has erupted on the streets. 大街上突然发生了暴乱. * The demonstration erupted into violence. 示威游行中突然出现了武斗. * (infml 口) When I saw the size of the bill I simply erupted, ie became furiously angry. 我看到巨额帐单时简直火冒叁丈. 3 [I] (of spots, etc) appear on the skin （指斑点等）在皮肤上出现: * A rash has erupted all over my back. 我的背上出满了疹子. 派生： eruption/i'rQpFn; i'rQpFEn] n [C, U] 1 outbreak of a volcano 火山爆发. 2 (fig 比喻) outbreak of war, disease, etc （战争等）爆发; （疾病等）发作: * the eruption of hostilities 战事爆发. 3 sudden appearance of spots, etc on the skin （斑疹等）突然在皮肤上出现; 出疹.

erysipelas
[7eri5sipilEs; 7erE'siplEs] n [U] (medical 医) disease that causes fever and deep red inflammation of the skin 丹毒.

ESA
[7i: es 'ei; 7i es 'e] abbr 缩写 = European Space Agency 欧洲航天局.

escalate
[5eskEleit; 5eskE7let] v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) increase or develop by successive stages; become or make (sth) more intense （使某事物）逐步增长或发展; （使某事物）更紧张: * the steadily escalating level of unemployment 失业率日益上升 * House prices have escalated rapidly. 房价已急速上涨. * The Government is deliberately escalating the war for political reasons. 政府出於政治目的蓄意使战争逐步升级. > escalation/ 9eskE5leIFn; 9ZskE`leFEn/ n: * an escalation in food prices 食物价格急剧上涨 * try to prevent an escalation of the war 竭力防止战争升级.

escalator
[5eskEleitE(r); 5eskE7letl] n moving staircase carrying people up or down between floors or different levels (in a shop, underground railway, etc) 自动扶梯.

escalope
[e'skAlCp; e'skAlEp] n slice of boneless meat, usu coated in egg and breadcrumbs and fried 无骨肉片（通常裹以鸡蛋和面包屑油炸）: * escalopes of veal 小牛肉片.

escapade
[7eskE'peid, 'eskEpeid; 7eskE'ped, 'eskE7ped] n daring, mischievous or adventurous act; prank 大胆的、 顽皮的或冒险的行为; 恶作剧: * a foolish, childish, boyish, etc escapade 愚蠢的、 幼稚的、 男孩子的恶作剧.

escape
1[i'skeip; i'skep] v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (from sb/sth) get free; get away (from imprisonment or control) （从监禁、 管制中）逃脱, 逃走: * Two prisoners have escaped. 有两个囚犯越狱了. * A lion has escaped from its cage. 有一头狮子从笼中逃走了. * She longed to escape from her mother's domination. 她渴望摆脱母亲的操纵. * (fig 比喻) When life became too difficult, he escaped into a dream world of his own. 生活太困难时, 他就躲进了自己梦幻世界之中. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (from sth) (of gases, liquids, etc) find a way out (of a container, etc); leak; seep out （指气体、 液体等）漏出, 漏, 渗出: * There's gas escaping somewhere can you smell it? 有什麽地方漏煤气了--你闻到了吗? * Make a hole to let the water escape. 弄个洞让水排出. * heat escaping through a window 从窗户散发出的热气. 3 [I, Tn no passive 不用於被动语态, Tg] keep free or safe from (sth unpleasant); avoid 避免或躲避（不愉快的事物）; 免除: * Where can we go to escape the crowds? 我们到哪里才能躲开这些人群? * escape punishment/being punished 避免惩罚[受罚] * You can't escape the fact that... 你不 能逃避这样的事实.... 4 [Tn no passive 不用於被动语态] be forgotten or unnoticed by (sb/sth) 被遗忘; 未被注意: * Her name escapes me, ie I can't remember it. 我想不起她的名字了. * The fault escaped observation (ie was not spotted) for months. 这故障数月来未引起注意. * Nothing escapes you/your attention, ie You notice everything. 什麽也瞒不了你. 5 (idm 习语) escape (sb's) `notice be missed or not noticed (by sb) 疏忽; 没注意到: * It won't have escaped your notice that I've been unusually busy recently. 你一定注意到了我最近一直忙得不得了.

escapee
[i7skei'pi:; 7iske'pi] n person who has escaped (esp from prison) 逃脱者; （尤指）越狱者.

escapement
[i'skeipmEnt; i'skepmEnt] n part of a clock or watch that regulates the movement （钟表的）擒纵器.

escapism
[i'skeipizEm; i'skepizEm] n [U] (often derog 常作贬义) (habit of) trying to forget unpleasant realities by means of entertainment, fantasy, etc 逃避现实（的习气）: * Drug-taking is a form of escapism for some people. 对有些人来说, 吸毒是一种逃避现实的手段. 派生： escapist[-pist; -pist] n person whose behaviour is characterized by escapism 逃避现实的人: * [attrib 作定语] escapist literature, eg romantic fiction 逃避现实的文学（如浪漫小说）.

escapology
[7eskE'pClEdVi; 7eske'palEdVi] n [U] practice or technique of escaping from confinement (esp chains, bags, etc) as a form of entertainment 脱身术（表演）（尤指从铁 、 口袋等中挣脱）. 派生： escapologist[-lEdVist; -lEdVist] n entertainer who specializes in this 脱身术表演者.

escarole
[5eskErEul; 5eskE7rol] n [C, U] = endive 1.

escarpment
[i'ska:pmEnt; e'skarpmEnt] n long steep slope or cliff separating two areas at different levels, usu a plateau and a low-lying plain （通常为处於高低两平原之间的）长而陡的坡或悬崖.

eschatology
[7eskE'tClEdVi; 7eskE'talEdVi] n [U] (religion 宗) branch of theology concerned with the end of the world and God's judgement of mankind after death 末世论（神学的一个范畴, 研究世界的终局和人死後上帝的审判）.

eschew
[is'tFu:; is'tFu] v [Tn] (fml 文) keep away from (sth); abstain from; avoid 避开（某事物）; 戒除; 回避: * eschew political discussion 回避政治讨论.

escort
1[5eskC:t; 5eskCrt] n 1 [CGp] person or group of people, ships, vehicles, etc accompanying sb/sth to give protection or as an honour; person, etc accompanying valuable goods to guard them 进行护送的人、 船、 车辆等: * The government provided an armed escort for the visiting head of State. 政府为到访的元首派出了武装卫队. * The Queen's yacht had an escort of ten destroyers. 有十艘驱逐舰为女王的游艇护航. * The gold bullion was transported under police escort. 金锭在警方的护送下运走了. * [attrib 作定语] soldiers on escort duty 执行护送任务的士兵. 2 [C] (dated or fml 旧或文) person, esp a man and usu not a regular companion, who accompanies a member of the opposite sex on a particular social occasion （在社交场合）陪伴异性的人（尤指男人而通常并非经常作伴者）.

escritoire
[7eskri5twa:(r); 7eskri5twar] n writing-desk with drawers for paper, envelopes, etc 写字台.

escutcheon
[i'skQtFEn; i'skQtFEn] n 1 shield displaying a coat of arms 饰有纹章的盾. 2 (idm 习语) a blot on sb's/the escutcheon => blot1.

Eskimo
[5eskimEu; 5eskE7mo] (pl unchanged or ~s 复数或不变或作Eskimos[-mEuz; -moz] ) (also Innuit, Inuit) n 1 [C] member of a people living in the Arctic regions of N America and E Siberia 爱斯基摩人: * [attrib 作定语] Eskimo art 爱斯基摩艺术. 2 [U] language of this people 爱斯基摩语.

ESL
[7i: es 'el; 7i es 'el] abbr 缩写 = (teaching, learning or studying) English as a Second Language 作为第二语言的英语（教学或研究）. Cf 参看 EFL.

ESN
[7i: es 'en; 7i es 'en] abbr 缩写 = educationally subnormal (because mentally handicapped) （因智力低下）教育逊常的.

esophagus
(US) = oesophagus.

esoteric
[7esEu'terik, 7i:sEu-; 7esE'terik] adj (fml 文) likely to be understood by only those with a special knowledge or interest; mysterious; obscure 只有内行才懂的; 神秘的; 难懂的: * esoteric poetry, imagery, language, etc 难懂的诗、 意象、 语言等.

ESP
[7i: es 'pi:; 7i es 'pi] abbr 缩写 = 1 (teaching, learning or studying) English for Special/Specific (eg scientific, technical, etc) Purposes 专业英语（教学或研究）. 2 extra-sensory perception 超感知觉.

espadrille
[5espEdril; 5espE7dril] n light canvas shoe with a plaited rope sole （鞋底为绳索编结的）帆布便鞋.

espalier
[i'spAliei; - i'spAljEr; i'spAljl] n (tree or shrub whose branches are trained on a) wooden or wire frame in a garden 树棚; （树架上）枝杈盘绕的树.

especial
[i'speFl; i'speFEl] adj (a) exceptional; outstanding; special 特别的; 突出的; 特殊的: * a matter of especial interest 特别有趣的事. (b) belonging mainly to one person or thing; particular 特有的; 独有的: * for your especial benefit 为了你特有的利益. 派生： especially/i'speFEli; i'speFli] adv in particular; specially 尤其; 特别: * This is especially for you. 这是特别为你准备的. * I love the country, especially in spring. 我喜爱乡村, 尤其是在春天.

Esperanto
[7espE'rntEu; 7espE'rAnto] n [U] artificial language designed for use by all nations 世界语.

espionage
[5espiEna:V; 5espiEnaV] n [U] practice of spying or using spies to obtain secret information 间谍活动: * found guilty of espionage 犯有间谍活动罪 * engage in espionage 从事间谍活动 * industrial espionage, ie spying on the secret plans of rival companies 工业情报刺探活动.

esplanade
[7esplE'neid; 7esplE'ned] n level area of open ground where people may walk, ride or drive for pleasure, esp by the sea （可供散步、 骑马、 开车游玩的）广场; （尤指）海滨广场.

espouse
[i'spauz; i'spauz] v [Tn] (fml 文) give one's support to (a cause, theory, etc) 支持, 拥护（某主张、 理论等）: * espousing feminism 拥护女权主义. 派生： espousal/i'spauzl; i'spauzl] n [U] (fml 文) ~ of sth espousing of (a cause, etc) 支持; 拥护: * his recent espousal of communism 他最近对共产主义的拥护.

espresso
[e'spresEu; es'preso] n (pl ~s) [C, U] (cup of) coffee made by forcing boiling water under pressure through ground coffee （一杯）蒸馏咖啡: * `Two espressos, please.’ ‘请来两杯蒸馏咖啡.’

esprit
[e'spri:; e'spri] n [U] (French 法) lively wit 机智. 复合： esprit de corps/e7spri: dE 'kC:(r); e'spridE'kCr] (French 法) loyalty and devotion uniting the members of a group 团结精神.

espy
[i'spai; i'spai] v (pt, pp espied) [Tn] (dated or joc 旧或谑) catch sight of (sb/sth) 看到（某人[某事物]）: * Was it you I espied jogging in the park this morning? 我今天早上看到在公园里有个人慢跑, 是你吗?

Esq
abbr 缩写 = (fml 文 esp Brit) Esquire: Edgar Broughton, Esq, eg on a letter addressed to him 如用作书信中的称谓.

Esquire
[i'skwaiE(r); - 'es-; 5es7kwair] n (Brit fml 文) (abbr 缩写 Esq) polite title added after a man's surname (instead of Mr before it), esp in addressing letters （用作男子的尊称, 加在姓後, 尤用於书信中, Mr则用於姓前）: * He wrote `Peter Mitchell, Esq' on the envelope. 他在信封上写了Peter Mitchell, Esq.

essay
1[5esei; 5ese] n piece of writing, usu short and in prose, on any one subject 文章; （尤指）短文, 小品文, 散文: * We had to write three essays in the history exam. 我们考历史要写叁篇短文. 派生： essayist[-ist; -ist] n writer of essays, esp for publication （文章的）作者: * Bacon was a famous essayist. 培根是着名的散文家.

essence
[5esns; 5esns] n 1 [U] that which makes a thing what it is; most important or indispensable quality of sth 本质; 精髓; 要素: * The essence of his argument is that capitalism cannot succeed. 他的论点的核心是资本主义不能成功. * She was the essence of kindness. 她本性善良. 2 [C, U] extract of a plant, drug, etc, containing all its important qualities in concentrated form （植物、 药物等的）精华, 精髓: * vanilla essence 香草精 * meatessences 肉汁. 3 (idm 习语) in `essence fundamentally; essentially 大体上; 本质上: * The two arguments are inessence the same. 这两个论点大致相同. of the `essencevery important; indispensable 非常重要的; 不可缺少的: * Speed is of the essence in dealing with an emergency. 在处理紧急事件时, 速度是非常重要的.

essential
[i'senFl; i'senFEl] adj 1 [esp pred 尤作表语] ~ (to/for sth) necessary; indispensable; most important 必要; 不可缺少; 最重要: * Is money essential to happiness? 金钱对於幸福是必不可少的吗? * It's essential that you attend all the meetings. 你务必要参加所有的会议. * `Secretary wanted: * previous experience essential.’ ‘招聘秘书: * 须有经验.’ 2 [attrib 作定语] relating to sb's/sth's basic nature; fundamental 本质的; 基本的: * His essential decency makes it impossible to dislike him. 他十分正派, 使人不能不喜欢他. * What is the essential theme of the play? 这剧本的主题是什麽? 派生： essential n (usu pl 通常作复数) fundamentally necessary element or thing 要素; 要点: A knowledge of French is an absolute essential. 会些法语是非常必要的. * the essentials of English grammar 英语语法纲要 * We only had time to pack a few essentials. 我们只来得及装上几件必需品. essentially/i'senFEli; i'senFEli] adv in his/its true nature; basically 本质上; 基本上: * He's essentially a very generous man. 他本质上是个十分慷慨的人. 复合： essential `oil oil extracted from a plant and used in making perfume, flavourings, etc 香精油; 香料油.

EST
[7i: es 'ti:; 7i es 'ti] abbr 缩写 = 1 (US) Eastern Standard Time 东部夏令时间. Cf 参看 EDT. 2 (medical 医) electro-shock treatment (used esp on psychiatric patients) 电休克疗法（尤用於精神病患者）.

establish
[i'stAbliF; i'stAbliF] v 1 [Tn] set (sth) up on a firm or permanent basis 建立, 设立（某事物）: * This business was established in 1860. 这家公司成立於1860年. * establish a close relationship with sb 与某人建立起密切的关系. 2 [Tn only passive 只用於被动语态, Tn.pr only passive 只用於被动语态, Cn.n/a] ~ sb/oneself (in sth) (as sth) place sb/oneself in a position, office, etc, usu on a permanent basis 使某人[自己]任职; 安置; 安顿: * We are now comfortably established in our new house. 我们现已在新居舒适地安顿下来了. * He established himself as governor of the province. 他当上了省长. * She's now firmly established (in business) as an art dealer. 她已稳固地奠定了艺术品商的地位. 3 [Tn, Tf, Tw] show (sth) to be true; prove 确定（某事物）; 证实: * We've established his innocence/(the fact) that he's innocent. 我们已证实他无罪. * The police can't establish where he was at the time. 警方无法确定当时他在哪里. 4 [Tn, Cn.n/a] cause people to accept (a belief, custom, claim, etc) 使人接受（信仰、 风俗、 要求等）: * Established practices are difficult to change. 积习难改. * His second novel established his fame as a writer. 他的第二部小说确立了他作家之名. 派生： established adj [attrib 作定语] (of a Church or religion) made official for a country （指教会或信仰）成为国教的: Anglicanism is the established religion in England. 英国圣公会是英国国教.

establishment
[i'stAbliFmEnt; i'stAbliFmEnt] n 1 [U] action of creating or setting up 设立; 建立: * the establishment of a new college 新学院的成立. 2 [C] (fml or joc 文或谑) (premises of a) business organization or large institution 商业机构或大型机关（的房屋建 ）: * an educational establishment, eg a school 教育机构（如学校） * What made you come and work in this establishment? 你到这个机构来工作的原因是什麽? 3 [sing] group of people employed in an organization, a household, etc 一机构的雇员、 家庭成员等: * We have a large establishment, ie many staff. 我们员工编制很大（有许多职工）. 4 the Establishment [sing] n (esp Brit often derog 常作贬义) group of powerful people who influence or control policies, ideas, taste, etc and usually support what has been traditionally accepted 当权派（通常为守旧派）: * the musical, intellectual, artistic, etc Establishment 音乐界的、 知识界的、 艺术界等的当权派 * [attrib 作定语] an Establishment figure 一位当权派.

estate
[i'steit; i'stet] n 1 [C] area of land, esp in the country, with one owner 地产; （尤指）庄园: * He owns a large estate in Scotland. 他在苏格兰有大量地产. 2 [C] (esp Brit) large area of land developed for a specific purpose, eg for houses or factories 作某种用途的地区（如兴建房屋或工厂）: * a housing/a trading/an industrial estate 住宅区[商业区/工业区]. 3 [U, C] (law 律) all the money and property that a person owns, esp that which is left at death 个人财产; （尤指）遗产: * Her estate was divided between her four children. 她的遗产分给了她的四个子女. 4 [C] (dated fml 旧, 文) political or social group or class 政治的或社会的集团或等级: * the three Estates of the Realm, ie (in Britain) the bishops, the lords and the common people （欧洲封建时代的）叁个等级（在英国为僧侣、 贵族和平民）. 5 [sing] (dated fml 旧, 文) condition; stage in life 状况; 生活阶段: * the holy estate of matrimony 已婚状况. 复合： es`tate agent (US realtor, real estate agent) person whose job is to buy and sell houses for others 房地产经纪人. es`tate car (also shooting-brake, US station wagon) car with a large area for luggage behind the rear folding seats and a door or doors at the back for easy loading 客货两用轿车; 旅行轿车. =>illus at car 见car之插图.

estd
abbr 缩写 = est.

esteem
[i'sti:m; i'stim] v (fml 文) (not used in the continuous tenses 不用於进行时态) 1 [Tn] have a high opinion of (sb/sth); respect greatly 尊重, 尊敬（某人[某事物]）: * I esteem his work highly. 我非常尊重他的工作. 2 [Cn.n] consider; regard 考虑; 认为: * I esteem it a privilege to address such a distinguished audience. 我认为能向各位贵宾演讲十分荣幸. 派生： esteem n high regard; favourable opinion 尊重; 看重: Since he behaved so badly he's gone down in my esteem, ie I do not esteem him so highly. 他表现非常恶劣, 使我对他的看法一落千丈. * She is held in great/high/low esteem by those who know her well. 熟悉她的人都极为[甚为/不太]尊重她.

esthete
(US) = aesthete, aesthetic (aesthete).

estimable
[5estimEbl; 5estEmEbl] adj (dated or fml 旧或文) worthy of great respect 值得尊敬的.

estimate
1[5estimEt; 5estEmEt] n 1 judgement or calculation of the approximate size, cost, value, etc of sth 估计; 估价: * I can give you a rough estimate of the number of bricks you will need. 我可大略估算一下你需要多少砖. * This is an outside estimate of the price, ie an estimate of the highest probable price. 这是最高的估价. 2 statement of the price a builder, etc will probably charge for doing specified work （营造商等对承建工程的）报价: * We got estimates from three different contractors before accepting the lowest. 我们得到叁个承包商的报价後, 接受了价钱最低的. Cf 参看 quotation 4. 3 judgement of the character or qualities of sb/sth （对某人[事物]性格或质量的）判断: * I don't know her well enough to form an estimate of her abilities. 我对她不太了解, 无法对她的能力作出判断.

estimation
[7esti'meiFn; 7estE'meFEn] n 1 [U] judgement; opinion; regard 判断; 意见; 认为: * In my estimation, he's the more suitable candidate. 我认为他是更合适的人选. 2 (idm 习语) go up/down in sb's estimation be regarded more/less highly by sb 增加[降低]对某人的尊敬: * She's certainly gone up in my estimation since she told the boss what she thought of him. 她对老板讲了自己对他的看法後, 我就更加尊敬她了.

estrange
[i'streindV; i'strendV] v [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: * Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from sb) cause (sb formerly loving or friendly) to become unfriendly to sb 使（某人）疏远某人; 离间: * He's estranged from his wife, ie no longer living with her. 他和妻子分居了. * They are estranged. 他们疏远了. 派生： estrangement n 1 [U] state of being estranged 疏远. 2 [C] instance of this 疏远: cause an estrangement between two old friends 导致两个老朋友彼此疏远.

estuary
[5estFuEri; - -ueri; 5estFu7eri] n [C] wide river mouth into which the tide flows 河口湾: * the Thames estuary 泰晤士河河口.

et al
[7et 'Al; 7et 'Al] abbr 缩写 = (infml 口) and other people or things (Latin et alii/alia) 以及其他人或事物（源自拉丁文et alii/alia）: * The concert included works by Mozart et al. 音乐会上演奏莫扎特等人的作品.

et cetera
[it 'setErE, et-; it 'setErE, et-] (usu abbr 通常缩写作 etc) and other similar things; and the rest; and so on 以及诸如此类的事物; 及其他等等; 等等.

et seq
[7et 'sek; 7et 'sek] abbr 缩写 = (pl et seqq) and the following (page(s), item(s), etc) (Latin et sequens/sequentia) 以及下列（各页、 各项等）（源自拉丁文et sequens/sequentia）: * for further information see pp 9 et seq 详情见第9页起之各页.

ETA
(also eta)[7i: ti: 'ei; 7i ti 'e] abbr 缩写 = estimated time of arrival (when travelling) （旅行时）估计的到达时间: * leave London 10. 05, eta Paris 12. 30. 10时05分离开伦敦, 估计12时30分到达巴黎. Cf 参看 ETD.

etceteras
[it'setErEz, et-; it'setErEz, et-] n [pl] (infml 口) the usual extra things 额外事物; 零星杂项: * It's not just the food for the guests I have to think about there are all the etceteras as well. 我要考虑的不仅仅是客人的食物--还有其他各种东西.

etch
[etF; etF] v (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (on/onto sth) use a needle and acid to make (a picture, etc) on a metal plate from which copies may be printed 用针和酸类在金属板上蚀刻（图画等）: * (fig 比喻) The incident remained etched on her memory for years. 那次事件多年来一直铭刻在她的记忆中. (b) [I] make pictures, etc in this way 蚀刻: * She enjoys etching. 她喜爱作蚀刻画. 派生： etcher n person who etches 蚀刻师. etching n 1 [U] art of making etched prints 蚀刻术. 2 [C] copy printed from an etched plate 蚀刻板画: Hanging on the wall was a fine etching of the church. 挂在墙上的是一幅精致的教堂蚀刻板画.

ETD
[7i: ti: 'di:; 7i ti 'di] abbr 缩写 = estimated time of departure (when travelling) （旅行时）估计的离开时间: * arrive Paris 12.30, etd (for) Lyons 14.00 12时30分到达巴黎, 估计14时整启程前往里昂. Cf 参看 ETA.

eternal
[i'tE:nl; i'tEnl] adj 1 without beginning or end; lasting or existing for ever 永久的; 永恒的; 不朽的: * the Eternal God 上帝 * eternal life, ie life after death of the body 永生 * eternal love 永恒的爱. 2 [attrib 作定语] (infml 口) seeming never to stop; (too) frequent 似乎不停的; （过於）频繁的: * Stop this eternal chatter! 不要罗嗦个不停! * I am tired of your eternal arguments. 我讨厌你那没完没了的争论. 3 (idm 习语) the eternal `triangle situation in which two people are both in love with the same person of the opposite sex 叁角恋爱. the eternal `verities fundamental moral principles; laws of God 基本的道德准则; 永恒的真理. 派生： eternally/i'tE:nEli; i'tEnli] adv 1 throughout all time; for ever 永远地; 永久地. 2 (infml 口) (a) always 永远: * I'll be eternally grateful to you. 我永远感激你. (b) (too) frequently （过於）频繁: * He's eternally telephoning me early in the morning. 他总是大清早给我打电话. 复合： the Eternal `City Rome 不朽之城（即罗马）.

eternity
[i'tE:nEti; i'tEnEti] n 1 [U] (fml 文) time without end; state or time of life after death 永恒; 来世; 永生. 2 an eternity [sing] (infml 口) a very long time that seems endless 漫长的时间: * It seemed an eternity before the police arrived. 似乎等到猴年马月警察才来. 复合： e`ternity ring finger-ring with gems set all round it symbolizing eternity 四周镶有宝石象徵永恒的戒指: He gave her an eternity ring when their son was born. 他们的儿子出世後他送给她一枚表示永恒的戒指.

ether
[5i:WE(r); 5iWl] n [U] 1 colourless liquid made from alcohol, used in industry as a solvent to dissolve fats, etc and (esp formerly) medically as an anaesthetic 醚; 乙醚. 2 (also aether) (a) (arch or joc 古或谑) the upper air 上空: * Today's news goes into the ether and is soon forgotten. 今天的新闻广播听後不久即置於脑後了. (b) type of substance formerly believed to fill all space through which light waves were thought to travel 以太.

ethereal
(also aetherial)[i'WiEriEl; i'WiriEl] adj 1 of unearthly delicacy and lightness; seeming too spiritual or fairy-like for this world 轻巧的; 超凡的: * ethereal music, beauty 轻柔的音乐、 超凡的美. 2 (arch 古) of the pure upper air above the clouds 苍天的.

ethic
[5eWik; 5eWik] n 1 system of moral principles; rules of conduct 道德标准; 行为准则: * the Puritan ethic 清教徒的伦理观 * the Christian ethic 基督徒的伦理观. 2 ethics n (a) [sing v] science that deals with morals 伦理学: * Ethics is a branch of philosophy. 伦理学是哲学的分科. (b) [pl] moral correctness 道德规范: * The ethics of his decision are doubtful. 他的这一决定是否合乎道德规范值得怀疑. * Medical ethics (ie those observed by the medical profession) forbid a doctor to have a love affair with a patient. 行医道德有规定, 禁止医生与病人谈恋爱. 派生： ethical[-kl; -kl] adj 1 of morals or moral questions 道德的; 道德上的问题的: * largely an ethical problem 主要是道德问题 * an ethical basis for education 教育的道德基础. 2 morally correct 合乎道德的: * His behaviour has not been strictly ethical. 他的行为不太道德. ethically[-kli; -kli] adv.

ethnic
[5eWnik; 5eWnik] adj 1 of a national, racial or tribal group that has a common cultural tradition 民族的; 种族的; 部落的: * ethnic minorities, groups, communities, etc 少数民族的; 族群的; 种族社区的等. 2 (typical) of a particular cultural group 某文化群体的（典型的）: * ethnic clothes, food, music 民族的服装、 食物、 音乐 * an ethnic restaurant 具有民族风味的饭店. > ethnically[-kli; -kli] adv.

ethnography
[eW'nCgrEfi; eW'nagrEfi] n [U] scientific description of the different human races 人种志. 派生： ethnographer/eW'nCgrEfE(r); eW'nagrEfl] n student of or expert in ethnography 人种志研究者; 人种志专家. ethnographic[7eWnE'grAfik; 7eWnE'grAfik] adj.

ethnology
[eW'nClEdVi; eW'nalEdVi] n [U] science of the different human races, their characteristics, relations to one another, etc 民族学. Cf 参看 anthropology, sociology. 派生： ethnological[7eWnE'lCdVikl; 7eWnE'ladVikl] adj of ethnology 民族学的. ethnologist/eW'nClEdVist; eW'nalEdVist] n student of or expert in ethnology 民族学研究者; 民族学家.

ethos
[5i:WCs; 5iWas] n (fml 文) characteristic spirit, moral values, ideas or beliefs of a group, community or culture （集体、 社团、 文化的）气质、 道德观、 思想或信仰: * the revolutionary ethos 革命精神 * His book captures exactly the ethos of Elizabethan England. 他的书准确地描绘了英国伊丽莎白时代的风土人情.

ethyl alcohol
[ 9eWIl 5AlkEhCl or, rarely 罕读作 9i:WaIl-;9ZWEl `AlkE9hRl] base of alcoholic drinks, also used as a fuel or solvent 乙醇.

etiolate
[5i:tiEuleit; 5itiE7let] v [Tn] 1 (botany 植) make (a plant) pale through lack of light 使（植物）因缺乏日光而变白: * an etiolated seedling 发黄的幼苗. 2 (fml 文) cause (sb) to become pale and weak 使（某人）苍白衰弱: * an etiolated adolescent 面黄肌瘦的少年 * (fig 比喻) an etiolated society 颓废的社会. > etiolation/ 9i:tIEU5leIFn; 9itIE`leFEn/ n [U].

etiology
(US) = aetiology.

etiquette
[5etiket, -kEt; 5eti7ket, -kEt] n [U] formal rules of correct and polite behaviour in society or among members of a profession 礼节; 礼仪: * Etiquette was considered very important in Victorian England. 英国在维多利亚时代非常注重礼仪. * medical, legal etiquette 医务界的、 法律界的成规.

etymology
[7eti'mClEdVi; 7etE'malEdVi] n 1 [U] study of the origin and history of words and their meanings 词源学. 2 [C] account of the origin and history of a particular word 词源: * This dictionary does not give etymologies. 这部词典不介绍词源. 派生： etymological[7etimE'lCdVikl; 7etEmE'ladVikl] adj of etymology 词源学的; 词源的. etymologist[7eti'mClEdVist; 7etE'malEdVist] n student of or expert in etymology 词源学研究者; 词源学家.

eucalyptus
[7ju:kE'liptEs; 7jukE'liptEs] n (pl ~es or -lypti[-'liptai; -'liptai] ) 1 (also euca`lyptus tree) any of several types of tall evergreen trees (including the Australian gum-tree), from which oil, timber and gum are obtained 桉树属. 2 (also euca`lyptus oil) [U] oil obtained from its leaves, used as a treatment for colds 桉树油（用以治疗感冒）.

eucharist
[5ju:kErist; 5jukErist] n the Eucharist [sing] (the bread and wine taken at) the Christian ceremony based on Christ's last supper 圣餐; 圣体; （圣餐中用的）饼和葡萄酒. Cf 参看 communion.

eugenics
[ju:'dVeniks; ju'dVeniks] n [sing v] science of the production of healthy intelligent children with the aim of improving the human genetic stock1(6) 优生学; 人种改良学.

eulogize, eulogise
[5ju:lEdVaiz; 5julE7dVaiz] v [I, Tn] (fml or joc 文或谑) praise (sb/sth) highly in speech or writing 称赞, 颂扬（某人[某事物]）: * eulogizing over the vintage wine 称誉佳酿. 派生： eulogist[5ju:lEdVist; 5julEdVist] n person who does this 颂扬者; 作颂词者. eulogistic[7ju:lE'dVistik; 7julE'dVistik] adj (of a speech or piece of writing) full of high praise （指言语或文字）颂扬的: * eulogistic articles about his latest book 对他的新书的赞扬文章.

eulogy
[5ju:lEdVi; 5julEdVi] n [C, U] (esp fml 尤作文雅语) (speech or piece of writing containing) high praise of a person or thing 颂词; 颂文: * a poem of eulogy to the princess 献给公主的颂诗 * Her latest film has brought eulogies from the critics. 她最近的这部电影获得影评界的好评.

eunuch
[5ju:nEk; 5junEk] n castrated man, esp one formerly employed in the women's quarters of some oriental courts 阉人; （尤指）宦官, 太监.

euphemism
[5ju:fEmizEm; 5jufE7mizEm] n [C, U] (example of the) use of pleasant, mild or indirect words or phrases in place of more accurate or direct ones 委婉说法; 委婉话: * `Pass away' is a euphemism for `die'. ‘去世’是‘死’的委婉说法. * `Pass water' is a euphemism for `urinate'. ‘小便’是‘排尿’的委婉语. 派生： euphemistic[7ju:fE'mistik; 7jufE'mistik] adj (ofspeech or writing) consisting of or containing euphemisms（指言语或文字）委婉的: * euphemistic language, expressions, terms, words, etc 委婉的语言、 用语、 词语、 言语等, euphemistically[-kli; -kli] adv.

euphonium
[ju:'fEuniEm; ju'foniEm] n large brass musical wind instrument, a type of tuba 次中音大号.

euphony
[5ju:fEni; 5jufEni] n (fml 文) (a) [U] pleasantness of sound, esp in words 声音（尤指语音）的和谐. (b) [C, U] pleasing sound 悦耳的声音: * the euphony of a speaker's voice 演讲者的声音悦耳. 派生： euphonious/ju:'fEuniEs; ju'foniEs] adj of a pleasing sound 悦耳的: * euphonious musical notes 悦耳的音调.

euphoria
[ju:'fC:riE; ju'fCriE] n [U] intense feeling of happiness and pleasant excitement 愉快和兴奋的感觉: * She was still in a state of euphoria hours after her victory. 她获胜後几小时仍喜气洋洋. > euphoric/ju:'fCrik; - -'fC:r-; ju'fCrik] adj: * euphoric shouts of victory 胜利的欢呼声.

Eur(o)-
comb form 构词成分 European; of Europe 欧洲的: Eurasian * Euro-Communist.

Eurasia
[juE'reiVE; ju'reVE] n Europe and Asia 欧亚大陆. 派生： Eurasian/juE'reiVn; ju'reVEn] n, adj (person) of mixed European and Asian parentage; of Europe and Asia 欧亚混血的（人）; 欧亚大陆的.

eureka
[juE'ri:kE; ju'rikE] interj (joc 谑) I have found it! 我找到了! (a cry of triumph at making a discovery 有所发现时得意的呼声): * Eureka a job at last! 我找到了--终於找到工作了!

eurhythmics
(also euryth-)[ju:'riTmiks; ju'riTmiks] n [sing v] (a) system of exercising the body through movement to music 韵律体操. (b) dancing in this style 韵律舞蹈.

Eurocheque
[5juErEutFek; 5juro7tFek] n (cheque issued under an) arrangement between European banks allowing customers in one country to cash cheques, etc in another 欧洲通用支票.

Eurocrat
[5juErEkrAt; 5jurE7krAt] n person, esp one in a senior position, who works in the administration of the European Economic Community 欧洲经济共同体的官员（尤指高级官员）: * the Brussels Eurocrats 布鲁塞尔的欧洲经济共同体官员.

Eurodollar
[5juErEudClE(r); 5juro7dall] n US dollar put into European banks to act as an international currency and help the financing of trade and commerce 欧洲美元（存入欧洲银行的美元）.

European
[7juErE'piEn; 7jurE'piEn] 1 n, adj (native) of Europe 欧洲的（土着）: * ,European `languages 欧洲的语 言. 2 adj happening in or extending over Europe 在欧洲发生或传播的: * an author with European recognition 名闻欧洲的作家. 复合： the European Economic Community (abbr 缩写 EEC) = Common Market (common1).

Eustachian tube
[ju:7steiFn 'tju:b; - -'tu:b; ju'steFEn 'tub] (anatomy 解) narrow passage extending from the middle ear to the throat 耳咽管; 欧氏管: * The child has earache caused by blocked Eustachian tubes. 这孩子因耳咽管堵塞而引起耳痛. =>illus at ear 见ear之插图.

euthanasia
[7ju:WE'neiziE; - -'neiVE; 7juWE'neVE] n [U] (bringing about of a) gentle and painless death for a person suffering from a painful incurable disease, extreme old age, etc 安乐死（术）; 安死术: * It is against the law for doctors to practise euthanasia, ie to kill patients to prevent suffering. 医生施行安死术是违法的.

evacuate
[i'vAkjueit; i'vAkju7et] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from...) (to...) remove sb from a place of danger to a safer place, esp in time of war 将某人移往较安全处（尤指战时）; 疏散: * The children were evacuated to the country when the city was being bombed. 城市遭到轰炸时, 儿童都疏散到乡下去了. 2 [Tn] (esp military 尤用於军事) leave or withdraw from (a place) esp because of danger 撤离（某处）（尤指因危险）: * The soldiers evacuated the area as the enemy advanced. 敌军推进时, 士兵都撤出了那地区. * The region near the erupting volcano was evacuated rapidly. 火山爆发处附近已迅速撤空. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] (fml 文) ~ sth (of sth) empty (esp the bowels) of their contents 排空（尤指肠）. 派生： evacuation/i7vAkju'eiFn; i7vAkju'eFEn] n 1 [U] act of evacuating or state of being evacuated 疏散; 撤离; 排空: * the evacuation of thousands of people after a flood 洪水过後成千上万人离乡背井 * the evacuation of a town 城市的撤空. 2 [C] instance of this 疏散; 撤离; 排空. evacuee/i7vAkju'i:; i'vAkju7i] n person who is evacuated (evacuate 1) 被疏散者: * evacuees from the battle area 来自战区的逃难者.

evade
[i'veid; i'ved] v [Tn] 1 get or keep out of the way of (sb/sth) 躲开, 避开（某人[某事物]）: * evade the police, an attack, an enemy 躲避警察、 袭击、 敌人. 2 find a way of not doing (sth, esp sth that legally or morally ought to be done); avoid 逃避（尤指法律或道德上的责任）: * evade military service 逃避兵役 * evade capture by the police 躲避警方的追捕. 3 avoid answering (a question) fully or honestly 回避如实的答覆（问题）: * The policeman evaded all the difficult questions. 那警察回避了所有难以答覆的问题.

evaluate
[i'vAljueit; i'vAlju7et] v [Tn] find out or form an idea of the amount or value of (sb/sth); assess 评价, 估计, 评估（某人[某事物]）: * (fml 文) evaluate her chances of success 估计她成功的机会 * I can't evaluate his ability without seeing his work. 我没有看到他的工作情况, 无法评论他的能力. > evaluation/i7vlju'eiFn; i7vAlju'eFEn] n [C, U].

evanescent
[7i:vE'nesnt; - 7ev-; 7evE'nesnt] adj (fml 文) quickly fading; soon disappearing from memory 迅速消失的; 不久便淡忘的: * as evanescent as snowflakes on a river 如雪花落入河中, 瞬即消失 * a pop singer's evanescent fame 流行歌曲演唱者一瞬即逝的声誉.> evanescence[-sns; -sns] n [U].

evangelical
[7i:vAn'dVelikl; 7ivAn'dVelikl] adj 1 of or according to the teachings of the Christian Gospel, or the Christian religion 福音的; 根据福音的. 2 of a Protestant group which believes that the soul can be saved only by faith in Christ 福音派新教会的. 派生： evangelical n member of this group 福音派新教信徒. evangelicalism[-ElizEm; -ElizEm] n [U] evangelical(2) beliefs and teachings 福音派新教会的信仰与教义.

evangelist
[i'vAndVElist; i'vAndVElist] n 1 any one of the four writers (Matthew, Mark, Luke, John) of the Gospels in the Bible 四福音书作者（马太、 马可、 路加、 约翰）. 2 preacher of the Gospel, esp one who travels around holding evangelical(2) religious meetings 福音传道者; （尤指）布道家: * converted to Christianity by a fervent American evangelist 受虔诚的美国布道家感化而皈依基督教 > evangelism n [U]. evangelistic/ I9vndVE5lIstIk; I9vAndVE`lIstIk/ adj.

evangelize, evangelise
[i'vAndVElaiz; i'vAndVE7laiz] v [I, Tn] (a) (fml 文) preach or spread the Christian gospel to (sb) with the aim of converting 宣讲福音使（某人）皈依基督教. (b) try to win support from (sb) for a cause 争取（某人）支持某事: * Health food supporters are always evangelizing. 喜爱保健食品的人总爱劝别人都吃保健食品.

evaporate
[i'vApEreit; i'vApE7ret] v 1 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) change into vapour and disappear （使某物）蒸发掉: * The water soon evaporated in the sunshine. 水在阳光下不久就蒸发了. * Heat evaporates water into steam. 水受热变成水蒸气. =>Usage at water1 用法见water1. 2 [I] (fig 比喻) be lost or cease to exist 消失; 不复存在: * His hopes evaporated, ie he no longer felt any hope.他的希望破灭了. > evaporation/i7vpE'reiFn; i7vApE'reFEn] n [U]. 复合： e,vaporated `milk thick unsweetened milk, usu bought in tins, which has had some of the liquid removed by evaporation 淡炼乳（通常为罐装）: The pudding was made with evaporated milk. 这布丁是用淡炼乳做的.

evasion
[i'veiVn; i'veVEn] n 1 [C, U] keeping out of the way of sb; avoidance 躲避某人; 规避; 逃避: * the burglar's evasion of the police 窃贼躲避警察 * evasion of responsibility 逃避责任 * He's been accused of tax evasion. 他被控逃税. 2 [C] statement, excuse, etc made to avoid fully answering a question （避免如实回答问题的）遁辞, 借口, 推托: * His answers to my questions were nothing but clever evasions. 他回答我的问题时顾左右而言他.

evasive
[i'veisiv; i'vesiv] adj 1 (a) having the aim or intention of avoiding capture, of not giving a direct answer, etc 躲避的; 逃避的; 推诿的: * evasive tactics 规避战术 * Her manner was always very evasive; she would never look straight at me. 她的样子总是躲躲闪闪的, 从来不正眼看我. (b) not direct or straightforward 不直接的; 不坦率的; 转弯抹角的: * an evasive answer to a question 对问题躲躲闪闪的答覆. 2 (idm 习语) take evasive action (esp of a plane, ship, etc in war) do sth in order to avoid danger, etc （尤指在战争中飞机、 军舰等的）规避动作（以避免危险）: * The pilot took evasive action to avoid a collision with the enemy aircraft. 驾驶员采取规避动作以免与敌机相撞. * (joc 谑) Stephen didn't want to see his sister, so he quickly took evasive action and hid under the bed. 斯蒂芬不愿见他的姐姐, 便立即采取规避动作, 藏到床底下去了. > evasively adv. evasiveness n [U]: * Politicians are often accused of evasiveness. 政客常因左右言他而受人指责.

Eve
[i:v; iv] n (in the Bible story of the Creation) the first woman on earth, created by God 夏娃（《圣经》故事《创世纪》中上帝造的第一个女人）: * Adam and Eve 亚当和夏娃.

even
1[5i:vn; 5ivEn] adj 1 level; smooth; flat 平的; 平滑的; 平坦的: * the most even part of the golf course 高尔夫球场最平坦的地方 * A billiard-table must be perfectly even. 台球桌必须十分平. 2 unchanging in quality; regular; steady 均匀的; 有规律的; 稳定的: * This wine cellar stays at an even temperature all year round. 这个酒窖常年保持恒温. * an even colour 均匀的颜色 * even breathing 均匀的呼吸 * The child's pulse is now even. 孩子的脉搏现在稳定了. 3 (a) (of amounts, distances, values) equal （指数量、 距离、 价值等）相等的: * Our scores are now even. 我们的分数现在相等了. * The two horses were even in the race. 那两匹马比赛成绩相当. (b) (of two people or things) equally balanced or matched （指两个人或物）均衡的; 不相上下的: * I'd say the two players are pretty even. 我认为这两个选手不相上下. * an even game 平局. 4 (of numbers) divisible by two with no remainder （指数目）偶数的: * 4, 6, 8, 10, etc are even numbers. 4、 6、 8、 10等是偶数. Cf 参看 odd. 5 (of temperament, etc) not easily upset; calm （指性情等）稳定的, 温和的: of an even disposition 性情平和的 * She has a very even temper. 她的性情非常温和. * an even-tempered baby 温顺的婴儿. 6 (idm 习语) an even `chance (of doing sth) an equally balanced probability (of sth happening or not) （某事发生与否的）可能性相等: I'd say he has an even chance of winning the match. 我认为她赢这场比赛有一半的机会. be/get even (with sb) have/get one's revenge on sb 向（某人）报复: Bill swore he'd get even with his brother, who'd played a dirty trick on him. 比尔上了哥哥的当, 发誓要报复. break `even make neither a loss nor a profit 不赔不赚: It will be a year before the firm makes a profit but at least it's breaking even. 这家公司一年以後才能赢利, 现在至少已不赔不赚了. even `chances/`odds/`money (also evens) (a) (in betting) equal probability of a horse, etc winning or losing （下赌注时）（赛马等）输赢的可能性相等: It's even money whether the new horse comes first or last. 这匹新马跑得最快或最慢的可能性是相同的.

even1
(b) equal probability of sth happening or not happening 某事发生与否的可能性相等: It's even odds/The odds are even that he'll be late. 他有一半的可能性要迟到. honours are even => honour1. on an even `keel (a) (of a ship) without movement to one side or the other （指船）不倾斜, 平稳. (b) (fig 比喻) maintaining steady undisturbed progress (in life) （生活）稳定: It took him a long time to get back on an even keel after his wife died. 他妻子死後很久他情绪才稳定下来. 7 (phr v) even out become level or regular 变得平坦或稳定: The path ran steeply up the hill and then evened out. 这条路很陡, 到山上就平坦了. * House prices keep rising and falling but they will eventually even out. 房价有涨有落, 但终会稳定的. even sth out spread sth evenly over a period of time or among a number of people 将某事物平均分散到某段时间或分配给每个人: Payments can be evened out on a monthly basis over the year. 全部款项可以在一年中按月平均交纳. * The manager tried to even out the distribution of work among his employees. 经理把工作尽量平均分配给雇员. even (sth) up (cause sth to) become even or equal （使某事物）平均或相等: That will even things up a bit, ie make them more equal. 那样就平均一些了. 派生： evenly adv in an even manner 平坦地; 均匀地; 稳定地; 相等地: evenly balanced/matched 全部平衡的[相称的] * evenly divided/distributed 平均分开的[分配的]. evenness[5i:vEnnis; 5ivEnnis] n [U]. 复合： ,even-`handed adj fair and impartial 公平的; 不偏不倚的: ,even-handed `justice 公平的审判.

evening
[5i:vniN; 5ivniN] n 1 [C, U] part of the day between about 6p.m. and bedtime 晚上; 晚间: * I'll come round tomorrow evening. 我明天晚上来. * We were at home yesterday evening. 我们昨天晚上在家. * One warm summer evening.../On a warm summer evening... 在夏天一个温暖的夜晚... * In the evening I usually read. 晚上我常常看书. * Let's meet on Sunday evening. 咱们星期日晚上见吧. * [attrib 作定语] the evening show 晚上的节目. 2 [C] outing or party of a specified type, happening in the evening 晚间的外出活动; 晚会: * A theatre evening (ie an evening at the theatre) has been arranged. 已安排好一个戏剧晚会. * musical evenings, ie evenings especially for listening to or playing music 音乐晚会. 3 (fig fml 比喻, 文) the last part (esp of one's life) 最後部分; （尤指）晚年, 暮年: * in the evening of his life 在他的晚年. =>Usage at morning 用法见morning. 复合： `evening dress 1 [U] clothes worn for formal occasions in the evening 晚礼服: Everyone was in evening dress. 大家都穿着晚礼服. 2 [C] a woman's (long) formal dress 女装晚礼服: All the evening dresses were beautiful. 所有的女装晚礼服都很漂亮. evening `paper newspaper published after midday 晚报: the local evening paper 地方的晚报. evening prayer = evensong. evening `primrose plant with pale yellow flowers that open in the evenings 月见草: Oil of evening primrose is used as a herbal medicine. 月见草油可用作草药. the evening `star planet (Venus or Mercury) seen in the Western sky after sunset 昏星（即金星或水星）.

evensong
[5i:vnsCN; 5ivEn7sCN] (also ,evening `prayer)n service of evening prayer in the Church of England （英国国教的）晚祷: * We attended evensong as well as morning service. 我们参加了晚祷和晨祷.

event
[i'vent; i'vent] n 1 thing that happens, esp sth important; incident 事情; （尤指）大事, 事件: * one of the chief events of 1964 1964年的主要大事之一 * the chain (ie sequence) of events that led to the Prime Minister's resignation 导致首相辞职的一连串事件 * It was quite an event when a woman first became prime minister. 首次由女人任首相倒是件大事. =>Usage at occurrence 用法见occurrence. 2 any of the races, competitions, etc in a sports programme （体育运动的）比赛项目: * Which events have you entered for? 你参加了哪几项比赛? * The 800m is the fourth event of the afternoon. 800米赛是下午的第四项比赛. 3 (idm 习语) at `all events/in `any event whatever happens; in any case 不管发生什麽事; 在任何情况下; 无论如何: * In any event, the worst that she can do is say `no'. 不管怎样, 她大不了就是说个‘不’字. be wise after the event => wise. in `either event whichever (of two things) happens （两件事情中）无论发生哪件事: * In either event, I'll be there to support you. 无论这样或那样, 我都支持你. a happy event => happy. in `that event if that happens 如果那种情况发生; 如果是那样的话: * You could be right, and in that event they'll have to pay you back. 可能是你对, 那样的话, 他们就得把钱还你. in the e`vent as it in fact happened; as it turned out 结果; 到头来: * I was worried about the hotel bill, but in the event I had enough money to pay. 我一直担心旅馆的费用, 结果我的钱足够. in the event of sth (fml 文) if sth happens 万一; 倘若: * in the event of an accident 万一发生事故 * In the event of his death Sheila will inherit the money. 一旦他故去, 希拉就会继承这笔钱. a/the turn of events => turn2. 派生： eventful[-fl; -fEl] adj full of memorable or notable events 有许多大事的: * He's had an eventful life. 他一生 中有很多大事. * an eventful year 有许多大事的一年.

eventide
[5i:vntaid; 5ivEn7taid] n (arch 古) evening 晚上; 晚间. 复合： eventide home home for elderly people 老年人之家.

eventing
[i'ventiN; i'ventiN] n [U] (esp Brit) sport of taking part in horse-riding competitions, esp three-day events involving cross-country riding, jumping and dressage 马术比赛运动（尤指历时叁日的项目, 包括越野、 跳越障碍、 花式训马）.

eventual
[i'ventFuEl; i'ventFuEl] adj [attrib 作定语] happening at last as a result; ultimate 最後的; 最终的: * his foolish behaviour and eventual failure 他的愚蠢行为和最後的失败. 派生： eventuality/i7ventFu'AlEti; i7ventFu'AlEti] n [C] (fml 文) possible event or result 可能发生的事情; 可能出现的结果: * We must consider every eventuality. 我们什麽事情都要考虑到. eventually[-tFuEli; -tFuEli] adv in the end; at last 最後; 终於: * He fell ill and eventually died. 他患病而终於不治. * Eventually he tired of trying so hard. 他最後厌倦了这种艰苦的尝试.

ever
[5evE(r); 5evl] adv 1 (usu in negative sentences and questions, or sentences expressing doubt or condition; usu placed before the v 通常用於否定句和疑问句, 或用於含有表示怀疑或条件成分的句中, 通常置於动词之前) at any time 在任何时候; 从来: * Nothing ever happens in this village. 这个村里从未发生过任何事. * Do you ever wish you were rich? 你曾希望过自己很富吗? * She seldom, if ever, goes to the cinema. 她难得看电影. * If you ever visit London, you must come and stay with us. 你要是到伦敦来, 一定要到我们这里住住. 2 (with the perfect tenses in questions 用於疑问句中的完成时态) at any time up to the present 曾; 曾经: * `Have you ever flown a helicopter?’ `No, never.’ ‘你坐过直升飞机吗?’‘没有, 从未坐过.’ * `Have you ever seen an elephant?’ `Yes I have.’ ‘你见过大象吗?’‘见过.’ * I wondered if he'd ever stopped to think how I felt. 我不知道他是否曾考虑过我的感受. (Ever is rarely used in the answer: * say either `Yes I have' or `No, never', etc. ever很少作回答用语, 回答时用`Yes, I have.'或`No, never.'等) 3 (with comparatives after than or with superlatives 与比较级的词连用, 置於than之後; 或与最高级的词连用) at any time (before/up till now) 在任何时候（之前[直至现在]）: * It's raining harder than ever. 雨下得更大了. * This is the best work you've ever done. 这是你所做的最好的工作. * He hated her more than ever, when he got that letter. 他接到那封信後, 越发憎恨她了. 4 ever- (in compounds 用以构成复合词) always, continuously 总是; 不停地: * the ever-growing problem * the ever-increasing cost of food. 5 (infml dated 口, 旧) (after as...as, as an intensifier 用於as ... as之後以加强语气): * Work as hard as ever you can! 尽你最大努力工作! 6 (used after when, where, etc 用於when、 where等之後): * When/Where/How ever did you lose it? 你究竟在什麽时候[什麽地方/怎麽]把它弄丢的?

ever1
* What ever do you mean? 你到底是什麽意思? 7 (idm 习语) (as) bad, good, etc as `ever; (as) badly, well, etc as `ever bad, badly, etc to the same degree as before (usu surprisingly so) 和以前一样坏、 好...（通常含惊讶之意）: * Despite the good weather forecast, the next morning was as wet as ever. 尽管预报称天气很好, 但次日上午仍阴雨绵绵. * He broke his arm last year but he plays the piano as skilfully as ever. 他去年胳膊折了, 但现在弹起钢琴来仍像以前那样自如. did you ever (...)! (infml 口) (used as part of a rhetorical question or used alone to express surprise, indignation, disbelief, etc 用於反问句或单独使用, 表示惊讶、 愤怒、 怀疑等): * Did you ever hear such nonsense! 你听过这种胡言乱语吗! * It cost 50p to go to the toilet; well, did you `ever! 去一趟厕所要50便士; 哼, 真是闻所未闻! ever and anon (dated or fml 旧或文) several times, at regular intervals 几次; 一阵一阵地. ever more (fml 文) increasingly; more and more 越发地; 越来越: * She became ever more nervous as the interview continued. 她在面试过程中越来越紧张. ever since (...) continuously since (a specified time) 自从: * ever since I was at school 自从我上学以来. ever so/ever such (a) (infml 口 esp Brit) very; to a very great degree 非常; 在极大程度上: * He's ever so rich. 他很富. * ever such a handsome man 非常漂亮的男子. for ever and `ever (rhet or joc 修辞或谑): * Once he gets a drink in his hand he's here for ever and ever. 他手里一有了酒就永远也动不了地方了. if ,ever there `was one of that there is no doubt; that is certainly true 无可置疑; 确实: * That was a fine meal if ever there was one! 那确实是一顿丰盛的饭! yours `ever/ever `yours (infml 口) (sometimes used at the end of a letter, before the signature 有时用於书信结尾处的签字前).

evergreen
[5evEgri:n; 5evl7grin] n, adj (tree, shrub) having green leaves throughout the year 常绿的（树）: * The pine, cedar and spruce are evergreens. 松树、 雪松、 云杉都是常绿的树. Cf 参看 deciduous. =>illus atApp 1 见附录1之插图, page i.

everlasting
[7evE'la:stiN; - -'lAst-; 7evl'lAstiN] adj 1 going on or lasting for ever 永久的; 永恒的: * everlasting fame, glory 永久的声誉、 光荣 * everlasting life 永生. 2 lasting a long time 持久的: * everlasting flowers, ie flowers keeping shape and colour when dried 乾後形状和颜色不变的花. 3 (derog 贬) repeated too often; lasting too long 多次重复的; 持续过长的: * I'm tired of his everlasting complaints. 我厌倦了他没完没了的抱怨. 4 the Everlasting God 上帝. 派生： everlastingly adv (infml 口) in an everlasting(3) manner 多次重复地; 持续过长地: everlastingly complaining 喋喋不休地抱怨.

evermore
[7evE'mC:(r); 7evl'mCr] adv for ever; always 永久; 永远: * for evermore 永远地.

every
[5evri; 5evri] indef det 1 (a) (used with sing [C] ns to refer to groups of three or more which are seen as wholes 与单数可数名词连用, 指至少叁个, 视为一整体) each individual 每个; 所有的; 一切的: * Every child in the class passed the examination. 班上所有的学生考试都及格了. * I've got every record she has ever made. 我已得到她灌的所有的唱片. * I couldn't hear every word of his speech. 他讲的话并非每句我都能听见. * He examined every item in the set carefully. 他仔细检查了这一套中的各项. (b) (used with sing [C] ns to emphasize the separate units 与单数可数名词连用, 侧重指各单项) each individual 每个; 每一; 各个: * He enjoyed every minute of his holiday. 假日的每一分钟他都过得很愉快. * I have had to work for every single penny I earned. 我挣的每一便士都是辛苦工作得来的. * They were watching her every movement. 他们注视着她的每一个动作. * Every time he phones I always seem to be in the bath. 他每次来电话时, 我好像总是正在洗澡. =>Usage at each 用法见each. 2 (used with abstract ns 与抽象名词连用) all possible 所有可能的: * We have every reason to think he may still be alive. 我们有充分理由认为他可能还活着. * You have every chance of success. 你完全有可能成功. 3 (used to indicate regular occurrence at specified intervals) each 每隔; 每逢; 每: * The buses go every 10 minutes. 公共汽车每隔10分钟一辆. 4 (idm 习语) every other (a) all the other (people or things) 所有其他的（人或事物）: * Every other girl except me is wearing jeans. 除了我以外, 其他姑娘都穿着牛仔裤. (b) alternate 隔, 间（如隔周、 间日等）: * They visit us every other week. 他们隔周到我们这儿来. 复合： everybody[5evribCdi; 5evri7badi] (also everyone/ 5evrIwQn; `ZvrI9wQn/) indef pron every person; all people 每个人; 人人; 所有的人: * The police questioned everybody in the room. 警察询问了室内所有的人.

every1
* It's impossible to remember everybody's name. 把每个人的名字都记住是不可能的. =>Usage at somebody 用法见somebody. everyday[5evridei; 5evri5de] adj [attrib 作定语] used or happening daily; familiar 每天使用的; 每天发生的; 熟悉的; 日常的; 平常的: * an everyday occurrence 日常之事 * a compact dictionary for everyday use 日常使用的袖珍词典. everyplace[5evripleis; 5evri7ples] indef adv (US infml 口) = everywhere. everything[5evriWiN; 5evri7WiN] indef pron 1 all things 一切事物: * Everything was destroyed. 一切都毁灭了. * I'll tell you everything I know. 我要把我知道的一切都告诉你. 2 the most important thing 最重要的事物: * Money isn't everything. 金钱并不是最重要的. everywhere[5evriweE(r); - -hweE(r); 5evri7hwer] indef adv in or to every place 各处; 到处: * I've looked everywhere. 我各处都看过了.

evict
[i'vikt; i'vikt] v [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: * Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from sth) remove (a tenant) from a house or land, esp with the support of the law 将（房客或佃户）逐出（尤指依法）: * They were evicted from their flat for not paying the rent. 他们因不付房租而被赶出公寓. 派生： eviction/i'vikFn; i'vikFEn] n ~ (from sth) 1 [U] evicting or being evicted （对房客或佃户的）驱逐: * He's had nowhere to live since his eviction. 他自从被驱逐出住所以来, 就一直无处栖身. * [attrib 作定语] an eviction order, ie an order to leave given by the courts （对房客或佃户的）驱逐令. 2 [C] instance of this （对房客或佃户的）驱逐事件: * There have been four evictions from this street recently. 最近这条街上已有四宗驱逐房客事件.

evidence
[5evidEns; 5evEdEns] n 1 [U] ~ (to do sth/that...) (esp law 尤用於法律) information that gives a reason for believing sth or proves sth 根据; 证据; 证词: * There wasn't enough evidence to prove him guilty. 没有充分的证据证明他有罪. * Have you any evidence to support this statement? 你这种说法有根据吗? * His statement to the police was used in evidence against him. 他对警方说的话已用作指证他的证据. * A scientist must produce evidence in support of a theory. 科学家必须提出证据以支持其理论. * not a bit/piece/scrap/shred of evidence 没有一点[一项/丝毫/点滴]证据. 2 [U, C] indication or trace 迹象; 痕迹: * The room bore evidence (ie showed signs) of a struggle. 这房间里有搏斗过的痕迹. * evidences of glacial action on the rocks 岩石上的冰河留下的痕迹. 3 (idm 习语) (be) in evidence clearly or easily seen 显而易见的; 清楚的; 明显的: * He's the sort of man who likes to be very much in evidence at important meetings, ie who likes to be seen and noticed. 他是非常喜欢在重大会议上出风头的那种人. on the evidence of sth using sth as evidence 用某事物作为证据: * On the evidence of their recent matches it's unlikely the Spanish team will win the cup. 从西班牙队最近的比赛情况来看, 他们难以在这一锦标赛中夺标. turn King's/Queen's `evidence (Brit) (US turn State's `evidence) (of a criminal) give evidence in court against one's partners in order to receive a less severe sentence oneself （指罪犯）作污点证人（告发同犯的）. weigh the evidence => weigh. 派生： evidence v [Tn] (fml 文) prove (sth) by evidence; be evidence of 证明（某事物）: His answer evidenced a guilty conscience. 他的回答证明他良心有愧.

evident
[5evidEnt; 5evEdEnt] adj ~ (to sb) (that...) obvious (to the eye or mind); clear 明显的; 明白的; 清楚的: * It must be evident to all of you that he has made a mistake. 你们一定很清楚, 他犯了错误. * He looked at his children with evident pride. 他看着自己的孩子, 充满自豪. 派生： evidently adv obviously; it appears that 明显地; 显然: Evidently he has decided to leave. 显然他已决定要离开.

evidential
[7evi'denFl; 7evE'denFEl] adj (fml 文) of, based on, or providing evidence 证据的; 凭证据的; 提供证据的: * evidential proof 用作证据的证明.

evil
[5i:vl; 5ivl] adj 1 morally bad; wicked 道德败坏的; 邪恶的: * evil thoughts 邪念 * an evil man 恶棍. 2 very unpleasant or harmful 令人不快的; 坏的; 有害的: * an evil smell 难闻的气味 * an evil temper 坏脾气 * evil weather 恶劣的天气. 3 (idm 习语) the evil `day, `hour, etc time when sth unpleasant that one would like to avoid (but cannot) will happen 该着倒霉的日子、 时刻等: * I know I need to go to the dentist but I've been putting off the evil day as long as possible. 我明知得去看牙, 却尽可能把这倒霉日子往後拖. (give sb) the evil `eye supposed power to harm people by a look or glance 恶毒的目光. the `Evil One (dated 旧) the Devil 魔鬼; 恶魔. an evil `tongue tendency to say malicious things about people 说人坏话的恶习: * She has an evil tongue. 她爱说别人坏话. one's good/evil genius => genius. fall on evil days (fml 文) suffer hardship or misfortune 遭受苦难或不幸. 派生： evil n (fml 文) 1 [U] wrongdoing or wickedness 罪恶; 邪恶; 恶行: the spirit of evil in man 人类的邪恶灵魂 * return good for evil 以德报怨 * speak no evil 不说坏话 * You cannot pretend there's no evil in the world. 不要以为世界上没有罪恶. 2 [C] evil thing; disaster 邪恶之事; 灾难: War, famine, and flood are terrible evils. 战争、 荒、 洪水都是可怕的灾难. * the evils of drink 饮酒的害处. 3 (idm 习语) the lesser of two evils => lesser. a necessary evil => necessary. evilly[5i:vEli; 5ivli] adv in an evil manner 邪恶地; 坏; 有害地: * He eyed her evilly. 他狠狠地看着她. 复合： `evildoer n [C] (fml 文) person who does evil 作恶的人; 坏人: thieves, murderers and other evildoers 盗贼、 谋杀者和其他犯罪分子. ,evil-`minded adj having evil thoughts and desires 有邪念的; 恶毒的; 狠毒的: a wicked, ,evil-minded old `manevince /// /i'vins; i'vins] v [Tn] (fml 文) show clearly that one has (a feeling, quality, etc); exhibit 表现出（感情、 特性等）表明; 显示: * a child who evinces great intelligence 表现出有极高智力的儿童 * evincing powers of recovery 显示出复原的生理机能.

eviscerate
[i'visEreit; i'visE7ret] v [Tn] (fml 文) remove the internal organs of (a body); disembowel 切除内脏; 切除器官内容物.

evocative
[i'vCkEtiv; i'vakEtiv] adj ~ (of sth) that evokes or is able to evoke memories, feelings, etc (of sth) 引起回忆的; 唤起感情的: * That smell is evocative of school. 这种气味使人回想起学校来. * evocative words 引起回忆或感情的话.

evoke
[i'vEuk; i'vok] v [Tn] 1 bring to mind (a feeling, memory, etc); summon up 引起或唤起（感情、 记忆等）: * The music evoked memories of her youth. 这乐曲勾起她对青年时期的回忆. 2 (fml 文) produce or cause (a response, reaction, etc) 产生或引起（回应、 反应等）: * evoke admiration, surprise, interest, sympathy, etc 产生羡慕之情、 惊讶、 兴趣、 同情心等 * Her speech evoked great anger. 她的讲话引起极大愤慨. > evocation/ 9i:vEU5keIFn; 9ivo`keFEn/ n [C, U] (fml 文).

evolution
[7i:vE'lu:Fn; - 7ev-; 7evE'luFEn] n 1 [U] (biology 生) (theory of the) gradual development of the characteristics of plants and animals over many generations, esp the development of more complicated forms from earlier, simpler forms 进化; 进化论: * Darwin's theory of evolution 达尔文的进化论. 2 [U] process of gradually developing; evolving 演化; 演进; 演变; 发展; 开展; 发育: * the evolution of farming methods 耕种方法的演进 * In politics Britain has preferred evolution to revolution, ie gradual development to sudden violent change. 在政治上, 英国喜欢渐进而不喜欢革命. 3 [C] (fml 文) (of troops, warships, dancers, etc) movement according to plan （部队、 军舰、 跳舞者等）按照计划的行动或动作. 派生： evolutionary[7i:vE'lu:FEnri; - 7evE'lu:FEneri;7evE'luFEn7eri] adj (fml 文) of or resulting from (the theory of) evolution; developing 进化的; 由进化产生的; 进化论的; 发展的: * evolutionary processes 进化过程.

evolve
[i'vClv; i'valv] v 1 [I, Tn] (fml 文) (cause to) develop naturally and (usu) gradually （使）逐渐形成: * The American constitution was planned; the British constitution evolved. 美国宪法是精心制定的, 英国宪法是约定俗成的. * He has evolved a new theory after many years of research. 他经过多年的研究, 逐渐总结出了新的理论. 2 [I] (biology 生) (of plants, animals, etc) gradually develop from a simple form to a more complex one （指植物、 动物等）进化: * Many Victorians were shocked by the notion that Man had evolved from lower forms of life. 在维多利亚时代, 许多人对於人是由低级生物进化而来的见解大为震惊.

ewe
[ju:; ju] n female sheep 母羊; 雌羊; 牝羊. =>illus at sheep 见sheep之插图. Cf 参看 lamb 1, ram 1, tup.

ewer
[5ju:E(r); 5jul] n large wide-mouthed jug for holding water, esp as formerly used with a basin in a bedroom without a piped water supply 大口水罐（尤指旧时无自来水时, 在卧室里与面盆共用者）.

ex
service

ex gratia
[7eks 'greiFE; eks'greFE] (Latin 拉) done or given as a favour; not from (esp legal) obligation 作为恩惠; 非出於（尤指法律上的）义务: * an ex gratia payment 特惠金.

ex officio
[7eks E'fiFiEu; 7ek sE'fiFi7o] because of one's position, office or rank 由於职位或职权: * an ex officio member of the committee 当然委员 * present at the meeting ex officio 依照职权而出席会议.

exacerbate
[ig'zAsEbeit; ig'zAsl7bet] v [Tn] (fml 文) make (pain, disease, a situation) worse; aggravate 使（疼痛、 疾病、 情形）恶化; 加剧: * Scratching exacerbates a skin rash. 皮疹搔後会恶化. * Her mother's interference exacerbated the difficulties in their marriage. 她母亲从中干预使他们的婚姻雪上加霜. > exacerbation/ Ig9zsE5beIFn; I^9zAsL`beFEn/ n [U].

exact
1[ig'zAkt; ig'zAkt] adj 1 correct in every detail; precise 正确的; 准确的; 精确的: * What were his exact words? 他的原话是怎麽说的? * I don't know the exact size of the room. 我不知道这个房间的确切面积. * He's in his mid-fifties; well, fifty-six to be exact (ie more accurately). 他五十多岁; 嗯, 确切地说是五十六岁. 2 capable of being precise and accurate 严谨的; 精密的: * an exact scholar 治学严谨的学者 * She's a very exact person. 她是个一丝不苟的人. * the exact sciences, ie those in which absolute precision is possible, eg mathematics 精密科学（如数学）. 派生： exactitude/ig'zAktitju:d; - -tu:d; ig'zAktE7tud] n [U] (fml 文) over-correctness 极端的正确性或精确性: * He spoke with pompous exactitude. 他以自视绝对正确的口吻说话. exactly adv 1 quite; just 正; 恰恰: That's exactly what I expected. 那正是我想望的. * You've arrived at exactly the right moment. 你到得正是时候. 2 in precise detail; correctly 精确地; 正确地: Your answer is exactly right. 你回答得完全正确. * Where exactly were you in France? 你当时在法国的什麽地方? 3 (as a reply or confirmation 用作答语或表示赞同用语) just so; you are quite right 确实如此; 完全正确: `So she wants to sell the house and move to London.’ `Exactly.’ ‘那麽说, 她是想把房子卖掉, 搬到伦敦去.’‘对.’ 4 (idm 习语) not exactly (infml ironic 口, 反语) by no means 决不; 一点也不: He wasn't exactly pleased to see us; in fact he refused to open the door. 他根本不愿见我们, 其实他连门都不开. exactness n [U].

exaggerate
[ig'zAdVEreit; ig'zAdVE7ret] v [I, Tn] make (sth) seem larger, better, worse, etc than it really is; stretch (a description) beyond the truth 夸张; 夸大; 言过其实: * He always exaggerates to make his stories more amusing. 他总爱添枝加叶, 把故事讲得更有趣. * You are exaggerating the difficulties. 你把困难夸大了. * That dress exaggerates her height. 她穿那件连衣裙显得高了. 派生： exaggerated adj (a) made to seem larger, better, worse, etc than it really is 夸张的; 夸大的; 言过其实的: a highly exaggerated version of the incident 对那件小事极为夸张的说法 * He has an exaggerated sense of his own importance. 他自视过高. (b) produced, stated, etc in a false or an unnatural way; distorted 虚假的; 不自然的;歪曲的: an exaggerated laugh 矫揉造作的笑声 * a clown'sexaggerated make-up 对丑角过火的化装 * with exaggerated politeness 虚情假意的礼貌. exaggeratedly adv. exaggeration/ig7zAdVE'reiFn; ig7zAdVE'reFEn] n 1 [U] action of exaggerating 夸张; 夸大; 言过其实. 2 [C] exaggerated description, statement, etc 夸张的描述、 说法等: * a story full of exaggerations 通篇夸夸其谈的故事.

exalt
[ig'zC:lt; ig'zClt] v [Tn] (fml 文) 1 make (sb) higher in rank or greater in power 提升, 提拔（某人）. 2 praise (sb) highly 高度赞扬（某人）. > exalted adj (fml or joc 文或谑): * a person of exalted rank 地位高的人 * from his exalted position in the firm 从他在公司的高职位上.

exaltation
[7egzC:l'teiFn; 7egzCl'teFEn] n [U] state of spiritual delight; elation 兴奋; 得意洋洋; 兴高采烈.

exam
[ig'zAm; ig'zAm] n (infml 口) examination(2) 考试: * school exams 学校的考试.

examination
[ig7zAmi'neiFn; ig7zAmE'neFEn] n 1 [U] action of examining; being examined 检查; 调查; 被检查: * Careful examination of the ruins revealed new evidence. 仔细检查了废墟後发现了新的证据. * On (ie As a result of) further examination it was found that the signature was not genuine. 经过进一步的调查发现签名不是真迹. 2 (also exam) [C] testing of knowledge or ability by means of questions, practical exercises, etc 考试: * an examination in Physics 物理考试 * sit/take an examination, ie have one's knowledge tested by a written examination 参加考试 * pass/fail an examination, ie be/not be successful in an examination 考试及格[不及格] * an oral examination 口试 * an entrance examination, eg to test an applicant wishing to enter a school, college, etc 入学试 * [attrib 作定语] an examination paper, ie sheet(s) of paper with a list of questions set by an examiner 试卷. 3 [C] close inspection of sb/sth or inquiry into sth 检查; 查阅; 审查: * a medical examination by a doctor 医生的诊察 * an examination of business accounts 对商业帐目的审查. 4 [C, U] (action of) questioning by a lawyer in a law court （在法庭上由律师进行的）讯问: * a fresh examination of the witness 对证人的再次讯问 * After further examination by the prosecutionthe witness was allowed to leave the court. 证人经原告律师讯问後, 获准离开法庭. 5 (idm 习语) under exami`nation being examined 在检查中; 在调查中; 在审查中: * The prisoner is still under examination. 囚犯仍在受审. * The proposals are still under examination, ie have not yet been approved. 提案仍在审查中.

examine
[ig'zAmin; ig'zAmin] v [Tn, Tn.pr] 1 ~ sth/sb (for sth) (a) look at carefully in order to learn about or from; inspect closely 仔细观察; 检查; 调查; 审查: * examine an old manuscript 仔细检查旧手稿 * examine facts, a theory, evidence, etc 查验事实、 理论、 证据等 * The detective examined the window frame for fingerprints. 侦探仔细查看窗框, 寻找指纹. (b) inspect carefully (a patient or part of his body) to check for disease 诊察; 诊视: * have one's teeth examined for decay 诊察龋齿 * The doctor examined her patient carefully. 那位女医生仔细诊察病人. 2 ~ sb (in/on sth) (fml 文) test the knowledge or ability of sb by written or oralquestions 考, 测验（某人）: * examine students in mathematics/ on their knowledge of mathematics 考学生数学. 3 (law 律) question (sb) formally in order to get information; interrogate 询问, 盘问, 审问, 讯问（某人）: * examine a witness in a court of law 在法庭上讯问证人. Cf 参看 cross-examine. 4 (idm 习语) need, etc one's head examined => head1. 派生： examinee/ig7zAmi'ni:; ig7zAmE'ni] n (fml 文) person being tested in an examination(2) 应考者; 被考者: * Ten of the examinees were failed. 应考者有十名不及格. examiner/ig'zAminE(r); ig'zAminl] n 1 person who tests knowledge or ability 主考人: * He is one of the science examiners. 他是理科主考人之一. 2 (idm 习语) satisfy the examiners => satisfy.

example
[ig'za:mpl; - -'zAmpl; ig'zAmpl] n 1 fact, event, etc that illustrates or represents a general rule 实例; 例证; 例子: * This dictionary has many examples of how words are used. 这部词典有许多说明词语用法的实例. * That outburst was a typical example of his lack of self-control. 他那次发作是他缺乏自制力的典型事例. 2 specimen showing the quality of others in the same group or of the same kind 样品; 样本; 范例: * This church is a fine example of Norman architecture. 这座教堂是典型的诺曼式建 . * This is a good example of Shelley's lyric poetry. 这首诗是雪莱抒情诗的范例. * It is a classic example of how not to design a new city centre. 这对於设计新市中心是个最佳的反面教材. 3 [C, U] thing, person or quality that is worthy of imitation 榜样; 模范; 楷模: * She was an example to the rest of the class. 她是全班的模范. * His bravery should be an example to all of us. 他的勇敢应作为我们大家学习的榜样. * learn by example 仿效. 4 warning 告诫; 警告: * Let this be an example (ie May this punishment serve as a warning) to you. 你要以此为鉴戒. 5 (idm 习语) follow sb's example/lead => follow. for example (abbr 缩写 eg) by way of illustration 例如; 譬如: * I know many women who have a career and a family Alison for example. 我知道有许多妇女能事业家庭兼顾--艾莉森就是其中之一. make an example of sb punish (sb) as a warning to others 惩罚（某人）以警戒他人: * The headmaster decided to make an example of the pupil and expel him from the school. 校长决定开除该生以儆效尤. set (sb) an example/set a good, bad, etc example (to sb) behave in a way worthy/not worthy of imitation (by sb) 树立好榜样[充当反面教员]: * The headmistress likes to arrive early at school to set (the other teachers) an example, ie a good example. 那位女校长愿意早早到校, 以身作则（为其他教师树立好榜样）.

exasperate
[ig'zAspEreit; ig'zAspE7ret] v [Tn] irritate or annoy (sb) greatly 激怒, 触怒, 惹恼（某人）: * That child exasperates me! 那孩子真让我生气! * She was exasperated at/by his stupidity. 她因为他愚笨而发怒. 派生： exasperating adj extremely annoying 使人极恼怒的; 使人发火的: He's probably the most exasperating man I've ever met. 他大概是我见过的最让人恼火的人. * It's exasperating to run for a train and then miss it by half a minute. 跑着赶火车, 却差半分钟没赶上, 真气人. exasperatingly adv. exasperation/ig7zAspE'reiFn; ig7zAspE'reFEn] n [U] state of being exasperated 愤怒; 恼怒; 恼火: * `Stop that noise,’ he cried out in exasperation. ‘不要发出那种噪音,’他愤怒地大喊.

excavate
[5ekskEveit; 5ekskE7vet] v [Tn] 1 (fml 文) make (a hole or channel) by digging; remove (soil, etc) by digging 挖掘（洞或水道、 河床）; 掘出（土等）: * excavate a trench 挖壕沟. 2 uncover or extract by digging (esp sth from earlier times) 发掘（尤指古物）: * excavate a buried city, a Greek vase 发掘出一地下城市、 一希腊花瓶. 派生： excavation[7ekskE'veiFn; 7ekskE'veFEn] n 1 [U] activity of excavating 挖掘; 挖土; 发掘: * Excavation of the site will begin tomorrow. 明天开始挖掘工作. 2 [C] excavations [pl] place that is being or has been excavated 挖掘的地方: * visit the excavations 参观挖掘现场. excavator n person engaged in or machine used forexcavating 挖掘者; 挖掘机: excavators on an archaeological site 考古场地上的挖掘者 * mechanical excavators 挖掘机.

exceed
[ik'si:d; ik'sid] v [Tn] (a) be greater or more numerous than (esp a quantity) 超过（尤指数量）: * The price will not exceed 100. 价格不会超过100英镑. * The number admitted must not exceed 200. 容纳的数目不得超过200. * Their success exceeded all expectations, ie was greater than anyone expected. 他们的成功出乎一切预料. (b) go beyond what is allowed, necessary or advisable 超出（所允许的、 必需的或合理的）界线: * exceed the speed limit, ie drive faster than is allowed 超速（超过驾驶速度限制） * exceed one's instructions/authority, ie do more than one has permission to do 越权. 派生： exceedingly adv extremely; to an unusual degree 极端地; 非常; 极其: an exceedingly difficult problem 极其困难的问题.

excel
[ik'sel; ik'sel] v (-ll-) 1 [Ipr] ~ in/at sth be exceptionally good at sth 擅长: * excel in foreign languages 擅长外语 * The firm excels at producing cheap transistor radios. 该公司以生产廉价晶体管收音机见长. 2 (idm 习语) ex`cel oneself do better than ever before 胜过过去: * His meals are always very good, but this time he's excelled himself. 他做的饭菜一直很拿手, 但这次做得更好. * (ironic 反语) So you've broken three windows today you've really excelled yourself. 那麽, 你今天已经打碎叁扇窗户了--真破了你以往的纪录了.

excellence
[5eksElEns; 5ekslEns] n 1 [U] ~ (in/at sth) quality of being excellent; great merit 优秀; 卓越; 杰出: * a prize for excellence in furniture design 家具设计优秀奖 * known for excellence in/at all forms of sport 因精於各项体育运动而知名. 2 [C] (fml 文) thing or quality in which a person excels 优点; 长处: * They do not recognize her many excellences. 他们无视她的各种长处.

Excellency
[5eksElEnsi; 5ekslEnsi] n title given to ambassadors, governors, their husbands or wives, and some other officers and officials 阁下（对大使或总督本人或其配偶以及其他官员的敬称）: * Your/His/Her Excellency 阁下 * His Excellency the French Ambassador 法国大使阁下.

excellent
[5eksElEnt; 5ekslEnt] adj 1 very good; of very high quality 优秀的; 极好的; 卓越的; 杰出的: * an excellent meal 精美的一餐 * She speaks excellent French. 她的法语说得非常漂亮. 2 (used to indicate approval or pleasure 用以表示赞同或愉快): * They won't be coming then? Excellent! 那麽他们不来了? 太好了!> excellently adv.

except
1[ik'sept; ik'sept] prep ~ (for sb/sth); ~ (that...) not including (sb/sth); but not 除了（某人[某事物]）之外（表示所说的不包括在内）: * The restaurant is open every day except Monday. 这家饭店除星期一外, 每天都营业. * Everyone except me got an invitation. 除了我以外, 所有人都收到了请柬. * I understand everything except why she killed him. 我一切都明白, 只是不理解她为什麽把他杀死了. * I can answer all the questions except for the last. 所有的题我都会答, 只是最後一题不会. * The meal was excellent except for (ie with the exception of) the first course. 这顿饭好极了, 只是第一道菜稍差. * She remembered nothing (about him) except that his hair was black. 她（对他）什麽都不记得, 只记得他的头发是黑的. * The two books are the same except (for the fact) that this one has an answer key at the back. 除了这本书後面有问题答案以外, 这两本书完全一样.

exception
[ik'sepFn; ik'sepFEn] n 1 [C, U] (an instance of) leaving out or excluding; person or thing that is not included 除外; 例外; 不包括在内的人或物: * Most of the buildings in this town are rather unattractive, but this church is an exception. 这座城镇中大多数建 物都不太好看, 但这座教堂是个例外. * The children did well, the only exception being Jo, who failed. 这些孩子考得都很好, 唯独乔不及格. * All students without exception must take the English examination. 所有的学生毫无例外, 都必须参加英语考试. * I enjoyed all his novels with the exception of his last. 他的小说我都爱看, 只是最後一部除外. 2 [C] thing that does not follow a rule 不合规则的事物: * an exception to a rule of grammar 语法规则的一项例外. 3 (idm 习语) the exception proves the `rule (saying 谚) the excepting of some cases proves that the rule exists, or that it applies to all other cases 有例外则证明有规律: * All his family have red hair except him. He is the exception which proves the rule. 他们全家除他以外头发都是红的. 正所谓有例外才证明有规律嘛. make an exception (of sb/sth) treat sb/sth as a special case 将某人[某事物]作为例外: * You must all be here at 8 am; I can make no exceptions, ie I cannot excuse any of you. 你们都必须早晨八点钟到这里, 任何人都不能例外. take exception to sth object to sth; be offended by sth 反对某事物; 因某事物而生气: * He took great exception to what I said. 他很反对我说的话. * She took exception to having to wait outside in the rain. 她得在雨中等候, 对此十分气愤. 派生： exceptionable[-FEnEbl; -FEnEbl] adj (fml 文) that sb can object to 可反对的: * There are no exceptionable scenes in the play. 这出剧中没有能引起争议的情节.

exceptional
[ik'sepFEnl; ik'sepFEnl] adj very unusual; outstanding 异常的; 罕见的; 特殊的; 杰出的; 突出的: * This weather is exceptional for June. 这种天气在六月份很罕见. * show exceptional musical ability 表现出非凡的音乐才能. 派生： exceptionally[-FEnEli; -FEnli] adv unusually; outstandingly 异常地; 罕见地; 特殊地; 杰出地; 突出地: * an exceptionally beautiful child 特别漂亮的小孩.

excerpt
[5eksE:pt; 5eksEpt] n [C] ~ (from sth) passage, extract, from a book, film, piece of music, etc 书、 电影、 乐曲等的节录: * excerpts from a novel 一部小说的摘录 * I've seen a short excerpt from the film on television. 我在电视上看过这部影片的片段.

excess
1[ik'ses; ik'ses] n 1 [sing] an ~ of sth (derog 贬) more than the reasonable, expected or moderate degree or amount of sth 过度; 过分; 过量; 过多: * an excess of enthusiasm, anger, emotion, zeal, etc 过分的热情、 愤怒、 情感、 热心等 * An excess of fat in one's diet can lead to heart disease. 饮食中脂肪过量能导致心脏病. 2 [U] going beyond the normal or accepted limits; immoderation 过火; 过头; 无节制: * Don't carry your anger to excess. 不要肝火过盛. * Luggage in excess of 100 kg will be charged extra. 超过100公斤的行李要额外收费. 3 [C] amount by which sth is larger than sth else 超额的量; 过多的数: * She was charged an excess of 4 over the amount stated on the bill. 向她索取的比帐单上显示的数额多出4英镑. 4 [U] (esp Brit) agreed sum taken by an insurance company from the total amount to be paid to an insured person who makes a claim 免赔额（保险公司从投保人要求索赔的总款额中扣除的规定数额）: * You will have to pay the first ￡50 of the cost of repairing your damaged car as there is an excess of ￡50 on your policy. 你的保险单列有50英镑免赔额, 所以你的汽车损坏修理费的首50英镑要由你付. 5 excesses [pl] (fml 文) personal acts which go beyond the limits of good behaviour, or humanity 越轨的行为; 无人性的行为: * The excesses (ie acts of cruelty) committed by the occupying troops will never be forgotten. 占领军犯下的灭绝人性的暴行, 人们是永远也不会忘记的. * His excesses at parties are well known. 尽人皆知他在聚会上十分放肆. 6 (idm 习语) to ex`cess to an extreme degree 过度; 过分; 无度: * He drinks to excess. 他嗜酒无度. 派生： excessive/ik'sesiv; ik'sesiv] adj greater than what is normal or necessary; extreme 过分的; 过度的; 极度的: * excessive prices 过高的价格 * an excessive amount of alcohol 过量的酒精 * an excessive enthusiasm for sport 对运动的狂热 excessively adv.

exchange
1[iks'tFeindV; iks'tFendV] n 1 [C, U] (action or process of) giving one thing or person in return for another 交换; 互换; 交流; 交易; 调换; 更换: * Is five apples for five eggs a fair exchange? 用五个苹果换五个鸡蛋公平吗? * The exchange of prisoners during a war is unusual. 战时很少交换俘虏. * the exchange of contracts, ie the final stage of buying or selling a house 互换契约（买卖房屋的最後步骤） * an exchange of glances 互使眼色 * an exchange of houses 调换房屋 * an exchange of gun-fire 交火 * He's giving her French lessons in exchange for (ie as an exchange for) her teaching him English. 他教她法语, 她教他英语, 互教互学（作为交换条件）. 2 [C] (angry) conversation or argument （愤怒的）谈话或争论: * bitter exchanges between MP's in parliament 下议院议员在议会上的激烈争论. 3 [U] relation in value between kinds of money used in different countries 兑换; 兑换率: * What is the rate of exchange between the dollar and the pound? 美元和英镑之间的兑换率是多少? * [attrib 作定语] I want to change my dollars into pesetas what is the exchange rate? 我想把美元换成比塞塔--兑换率是多少? 4 Exchange [C] place where business people or financiers meet for business 交易所: * the `Corn Exchange 谷物交易所 * the `Stock Exchange, ie for the buying and selling of stocks, shares, etc 证券交易所. 5 = telephone exchange (telephone). 6 reciprocal visit between two (often young) people or groups from different countries （不同国家的团体或人, 常为青年之间的）互访, 交流: * be on, do, organize an exchange 在、 进行、 组织互访 * Sarah is going on an exchange to Paris to stay with Pierre, and he is coming to stay with her here in Scotland next year. 萨拉将到巴黎作互访住在皮埃尔处, 而皮埃尔明年来苏格兰就住在她那里. * [attrib 作定语] exchange students 互派的留学生

exchange1
* exchange visits 两国间的互访 * She is an exchange teacher. 她是出国的交流教师.

exchequer
[iks'tFekE(r); iks'tFekl] n 1 the Exchequer [sing] (Brit) government department in charge of public money 财政部: * The Chancellor of the Exchequer is the minister in charge of finance in Britain. 英国财政大臣是负责财政的大臣. 2 [C] (a) public or national supply of money; treasury 公共财源; 国库. (b) (often joc 常作戏谑语) person's supply of money 个人的钱财: * There's nothing left in the exchequer this month. 本月份本人国库空虚.

excise
1[5eksaiz; ek'saiz] n [U] government tax on certain goods manufactured, sold or used within a country 国内货物税; 消费税: * the excise on beer/spirits/tobacco 啤酒[烈性酒/烟草]消费税 * customs and excise 关税与国内货物税 * [attrib 作定语] an excise officer, ie an official employed in collecting excise 国内货物税务官. Cf 参看 customs1.

excitable
[ik'saitEbl; ik'saitEbl] adj (of a person, animal or temperament) easily excited （指人、 动物或气质）易兴奋的, 易激动的: * an excitable child 易兴奋的孩子 * an excitable breed of dog 一种易受刺激的狗 * an excitable race of people 容易冲动的民族. 派生： excitability/ik7saitE'bilEti; ik7saitE'bilEti] n [U] quality of being excitable 易兴奋性; 易激动性.

excite
[ik'sait; ik'sait] v 1 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态, Tn.pr] cause strong feelings of eagerness, happiness, nervousness, etc in (a person or an animal) 使（人或动物）兴奋, 激动: * The children were very excited by the pantomime. 孩子们看了童话剧非常兴奋. * Don't excite yourself, ie Keep calm. 不要激动. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.t] ~ sb (to sth) (fml 文) cause or bring about (sth) by arousing strong feelings in sb 刺激; 激起; 煽动; 鼓动: * excite a riot 煽动暴乱 * Agitators were exciting the people to rebel/to rebellion against their rulers. 煽动者鼓动人民造反以反抗统治者. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] (a) ~ sth (in sb)arouse (an emotion) in sb; cause (a response or reaction) in sb 激发某人的（情感）; 引起某人的（回应或反应）: * excite public suspicion 引起大众怀疑 * The recent discoveries have excited great interest among doctors. 最近的多项发现引起医生们的极大兴趣. * excite envy, admiration, greed, etc (in sb) 引起（某人）羡慕、 爱慕、 贪念等. (b) arouse (sexual desire) 激发（性欲）: * Some people are sexually excited by pornographic magazines. 有的人看到色情杂志能激发起性欲. 4 [Tn] (fml 文) cause (part of the body) to be active 刺激（身体某部分）: * drugs that excite the nervous system 刺激神经系统的药物. 派生： excited/ik'saitid; ik'saitid] adj feeling or showing excitement 兴奋的; 激动的: * sexually excited 性兴奋 * The excited children forgot to take the presents to the party. 孩子们兴奋得忘了把礼物带到聚会上了. * It's nothing to get excited about. 这没什麽可值得激动的. excitedly adv. exciting adj causing great interest or enthusiasm 使人激动的; 令人兴奋的: an exciting piece of work 令人兴奋的工作 * an exciting story 使人激动的故事 * an exciting discovery 振奋人心的发现. excitingly adv.

excitement
[ik'saitmEnt; ik'saitmEnt] n 1 [U] state of strong emotion or feeling, esp one caused by sth pleasant 刺激; 激动; 兴奋: * The news caused great excitement. 这消息令人极为兴奋. * jumping about in excitement at the discovery 因这一发现而兴奋得手舞足蹈. 2 [C] (fml 文) thing that excites; exciting incident, etc 令人兴奋的事物; 使人激动的事: * the excitements associated with a cruise around the world 关於乘船周游世界的令人兴奋的事.

exclaim
[ik'skleim; ik'sklem] v [I, Ipr, Tf] cry out suddenly and loudly from pain, anger, surprise, etc （因疼痛、 愤怒、 惊奇等）惊叫, 呼喊: * `What,’ he exclaimed, `Are you leaving without me?’ ‘怎麽着,’他喊道, ‘你要把我丢下自己走吗?’ * He could not help exclaiming at how much his son had grown. 他的儿子已长那麽高了, 他不禁惊叫起来. * He exclaimed that it was untrue. 他大声说那不是事实.

exclamation
[7eksklE'meiFn; 7eksklE'meFEn] n (short) sound(s) or word(s), expressing sudden surprise, pain, etc 呼喊; 惊叫; 叹词; 感叹语: * `Oh!’, `Look out!’ and `Ow!’ are exclamations. ‘啊!’、 ‘小心!’、 ‘哎哟!’都是感叹词语. 复合： excla`mation mark (US excla`mation point) mark (!) written after an exclamation 叹号; 感叹号; 惊叹号（!）. =>App 3 见附录3.

exclamatory
[ik'sklAmEtri; - -tC:ri; ik'sklAmE7tCri] adj (fml 文) of, using or containing an exclamation 呼喊的; 感叹的: * an exclamatory sentence 感叹句.

exclude
[ik'sklu:d; ik'sklud] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (from sth) (a) prevent sb from entering somewhere, taking part in sth, etc; keep sb out 防止某人进入某处; 阻止某人参加某事等; 把某人排除在外: * exclude a person from membership of a society 拒绝接纳某人入会 * Women are often excluded from positions of authority. 女子要想得到有权的职位往往遭到排斥. (b) prevent sth from getting in; keep sth out 防止某物进入; 将某物排斥在外: * All air must be excluded (from the bottle) if the experiment is to work. 若要做好这一试验, 不得让空气进（到瓶子里）去. * All draughts must be excluded from the room. 这间屋子不可有风透进. 2 [Tn] reject (sth) as a possibility; ignore as a consideration 排除（某事）的可能性; 不予考虑: * The police have excluded robbery as a motive for the murder. 警方已排除该谋杀案中有抢劫的动机. * We must not exclude the possibility that the child has run away. 我们不可排除这孩子离家出走的可能性. 3 [Tn] leave (sth) out; not include 将（某物）排除; 不包括: * lunch costs 5 per person, excluding drinks 午餐费每人5英镑, 不包括饮料. * That price excludes accommodation. 那价钱不包括住宿.

exclusion
[ik'sklu:Vn; ik'skluVEn] n 1 [U] ~ (of sb/sth) (from sth) action of excluding; being excluded 排斥; 排除在外: * the exclusion of women from the temple 妇女之被排斥於寺院之外. 2 (idm 习语) to the exclusion of sb/sth so as to exclude (all other members of a group) 排除（其他的一切）: * He spent his spare time gardening, to the exclusion of all other interests. 他把空馀时间都用在园艺上了, 没有任何其他爱好.

exclusive
[ik'sklu:siv; ik'sklusiv] adj 1 (a) (of a group, society, etc) not readily admitting new members (esp if they are thought to be socially inferior); select （指群体、 会社等）不愿接收新成员的（尤指对社会地位低下者）; 精选的: * He is part of an exclusive social circle and belongs to an exclusive club. 他所处的社交圈子很排外, 而且参加的又是个很排外的社团. (b) (of a high-class shop, goods sold in it, etc) not found elsewhere; reserved for the wealthy （指高级商店、 货物等）罕见的, 高级的, 高档的: * exclusive styles, designs, articles 高级的式样、 设计、 物品 * an exclusive restaurant, private school 为富人开设的饭店、 私立学校. 2 reserved for or limited to the person(s) or group concerned 独有的; 独占的: * exclusive privileges of the aristocracy 贵族独有的特权 * an exclusive agency for the sale of Ford cars in this town 这城镇的福特汽车包销商 * The interview is exclusive to this magazine. 本杂志得到独家访问权. 3 excluding all but the thing specified 唯一的: * Painting has not been her exclusive occupation. 绘画并非她唯一的职业. 4 not admitting sth else; rejecting other considerations 排他的: * The two plans are mutually exclusive, ie If you accept one you must reject the other. 这两个方案是相互抵触的. 5 ~ of sb/sth not including sb/sth; not counting sb/sth 不包括某人[某事物]; 不把某人[某事物]算在内: * The ship has a crew of 57 exclusive of officers. 这船上除高级船员外, 有57名普通船员. * The price of the holiday is exclusive of accommodation. 度假费用未包括住宿费. 派生： exclusive n [C] (also exclusive story) newspaper or magazine story given to and published by only one newspaper （报纸或杂志的）独家报道, 独家专文: a Daily Mirror exclusive 每日镜报独家报道. exclusively adv: This special offer has been exclusively designed for readers of this magazine. 这一特价优惠是专为本杂志读者提供的.

exclusive1
exclusiveness (also exclusivity)[7eksklu:'sivEti;7eksklu'sivEti] n [U] quality of being exclusive 独特性: * The shop was proud of its exclusiveness. 这商店因别具一格而沾沾自喜.

excommunicate
[7ekskE'mju:nikeit; 7ekskE'mjunE-7ket] v [Tn] exclude (sb) as a punishment from the rights and privileges of membership of the Christian Church 将（某人）逐出基督教教会（剥夺教籍的惩罚）. 派生： excommunication[7ekskE7mju:ni'keiFn; 7ekskE-7mjunE'keFEn] n 1 [U] action of excommunicating or being excommunicated 逐出教会. 2 [C] example of this; official statement announcing this 逐出教会; 逐出教会的公告.

excrement
[5ekskrimEnt; 5ekskrimEnt] n [U] (fml 文) solid waste matter passed from the body through the bowels; faeces 粪便: * The pavement was covered in dogs' excrement. 便道上满是狗屎.

excrescence
[ik'skresns; ik'skresns] n (fml 文) abnormal (ugly and useless) growth on an animal body or a plant 赘生物; 瘤; 赘疣: * (fig 比喻) The new office block is an excrescence on the landscape. 这座新办公楼在这片风景中很碍眼.

excreta
[ik'skri:tE; ik'skritE] n [U] (fml 文) liquid and solid waste (excrement, urine, sweat) passed from the body 排泄物（粪、 尿、 汗）: * the smell of excreta in the hospital ward 医院病房里排泄物的气味.

excrete
[ik'skri:t; ik'skrit] v [Tn] (fml 文) (of an animal or a plant) pass out (waste matter, sweat, etc) from the system （指动物或植物）排泄或分泌（废物、 汗等）. 派生： excretion/ik'skri:Fn; ik'skriFEn] n (a) [U] action of excreting 排泄; 分泌. (b) [C, U] that which is excreted 排泄物; 分泌物.

excruciating
[ik'skru:FieitiN; ik'skruFi7etiN] adj (of physical or mental pain) intense; acute （指肉体或精神痛苦）极度的, 剧烈的: * He has excruciating backache. 他的背疼得很厉害. * excruciating misery 极大的苦难 * (joc 谑) He's an excruciating bore. 他是个非常讨厌的人. * an excruciating concert 十分糟糕的音乐会.> excruciatingly adv: * an excruciatingly painful experience 令人极为痛苦的经历.

exculpate
[5ekskQlpeit; 5ekskQl7pet] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from sth) (fml 文) free sb from blame; say that sb is not guilty 为某人开脱; 说某人无罪: * exculpate a person from a charge 开脱对某人的指责 * exculpate oneself from blame 为自己辩解.

excursion
[ik'skE:Fn; - Vn; ik'skEVEn] n (a) short journey, esp one made by a group of people together for pleasure 短程旅行; 远足: * go on/make a day excursion to the mountains, ie there and back in one day 到山上游玩一天 * Many excursions had been arranged by the holiday company. 短程旅游原先多由度假服务公司安排的. * [attrib 作定语] an excursion train 游览火车 * an excursion ticket, ie one issued at a reduced fare 旅游特惠票. (b) short journey made for a particular purpose 短途行程: * a shopping excursion 购物之行. =>Usage at journey 用法见journey.

excuse
1[ik'skju:s; ik'skjus] n ~ (for sth/doing sth) (true or invented) reason given to explain or defend one's behaviour; apology 理由; 解释; 辩护; 辩解; 藉口; 道歉: * He's always making excuses for being late. 他迟到总是有藉口. * There's no excuse for such behaviour. 这种行为不可原谅. * He made his excuses (ie He apologized) and left the meeting. 他表示歉意後就离开了会场. * Please offer/give them my excuses. 请代我向他们致歉. * I can't attend the meeting would you make my excuses (ie apologize and give my reasons for not attending), please? 我不能参加会议--你能替我道歉并解释一下吗? * (fml 文) Those who are absent without (good) excuse (ie without giving a (good) excuse) will be dismissed. 无故缺席者一律开除.

execrable
[5eksikrEbl; 5eksikrEbl] adj (fml 文) verybad; terrible 极坏的; 糟透的; 恶劣的: * execrable manners,weather 极度的无礼、 恶劣的天气. > execrably[-blI; -blI/ adv.

execrate
[5eksikreit; 5eksi7kret] v [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: * Tn] (fml 文) express or feel hatred of (sb/sth); curse 憎恨, 厌恶（某人[某事物]）; 咒骂; 诅咒.> execration[7eksi'kreiFn; 7eksi'kreFEn] n [U, C].

execute
[5eksikju:t; 5eksi7kjut] v [Tn] 1 (fml 文) carry out, perform (what one is asked or told to do) 执行; 实行; 履行; 完成: * execute sb's commands 执行某人的命令 * execute a plan, a piece of work, a purpose 实行一计划、 完成一工作、 达到一目的. 2 (law 律) (a) put (sth) into effect 使（某事）生效; 实施: * execute a will 依照遗嘱行事. (b) make (sth) legally valid 使（某事）有法律效力: * execute a legal document, ie by having it signed, witnessed, sealed and delivered 使一法律文件生效（经签署、 签名见证、 封印、 交付者）. 3 kill (sb) as a legal punishment 将（某人）处死: * He was executed for treason. 他因叛国罪已处死. * execute a murderer 处决一谋杀犯. 4 (fml 文) perform (sth) on the stage, at a concert, etc （在舞台上或音乐会中）演奏; 表演: * execute a dance step 表演舞步 * The piano sonata was badly executed. 这首钢琴奏鸣曲演奏得很糟. 5 (computing 计) carry out (the instructions of a computer program) 执行（计算机程序的指令）.

execution
[7eksi'kju:Fn; 7eksi'kjuFEn] n 1 [U] carrying out or performance of a piece of work, plan, design, duty, etc 执行; 实行; 履行; 完成: * His original idea was good, but his execution of the scheme was disastrous. 他的设想很好, 但实行起来却糟糕透顶. * The plans were finally put into execution. 这些计划终於得以实施. 2 [U] (law 律) action of carrying out the orders of a will 对遗嘱条款的执行: * The solicitor is proceeding with the execution of my mother's will. 律师正着手执行我母亲的遗嘱. 3 [C, U] (act of) killing sb as a legal punishment 处死刑; 死刑: * execution by hanging 以绞刑处死 * five executions last year 去年执行的五起死刑. 4 [U] (fml 文) skill in performing eg music 表演技巧（如音乐演奏）: * The pianist's execution of the concerto was marvellous. 那钢琴师弹的协奏曲神乎其技. 5 (idm 习语) a stay of execution => stay n. 派生： executioner[7eksi'kju:FEnE(r); 7eksi'kjuFEnl] n public official who carries out a death sentence 死刑执行人; 行刑人.

executive
[ig'zekjutiv; ig'zekjutiv] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] 1 (esp in business) concerned with the management and carrying out of plans, decisions, etc （尤指企业中）经营管理的, 经营的, 经理的: * executive duties 经营管理的职责 * possess executive ability 具有管理的才能. 2 having power to carry out decisions, laws, decrees, etc （对决策、 法律、 法令等）有执行权的, 行政的, 决策的: * executive authority 行政当局 * the executive branch of the Government 政府的行政部门 * the executive committee of a political party 一政党的执行委员会 * the executive head of State, eg the President of the US 一国的行政首长（如美国的总统）. 派生： executive n 1 [CGp] person or group in a business organization, trade union, etc with administrative or managerial powers （在企业、 工会等中的）行政领导; 经理; 董事; 董事会: a sales executive 营业主任 * She's an executive in a computer company. 她是一家计算机公司的行政人员. * The executive has/have been making decisions about the future of the company. 领导层一直在研究公司未来的决策. * [attrib 作定语] an executive briefcase 行政人员公事包. 2 [C] (in the Civil Service) person who carries out what has been planned or decided （政府文职部门的）行政人员: [attrib 作定语] executive officer 行政主任. 3 the executive [Gp] executive branch of a government 政府的行政部门.

executor
[ig'zekjutE(r); ig'zekjEtl] n person who is appointed by the maker of a will to carry out the terms of the will （立遗嘱人指定的）遗嘱执行人.

exegesis
[7eksi'dVi:sis; 7eksE'dVisis] n (pl -ses[-siz; -siz] )[U, C] (fml 文) explanation and interpretation of a written work, esp the Bible 诠释, 注解, 注释（尤指对《圣经》的文字）.

exemplary
[ig'zemplEri; ig'zemplEri] adj 1 serving as an example; suitable for imitation 用作模范的; 可作楷模的: * exemplary behaviour 模范行为 * an exemplary student 模范学生. 2 (fml 文) serving as a warning 用作警戒的: * exemplary punishment 警戒性的惩罚.

exemplify
[ig'zemplifai; ig'zemplE7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn] 1 be a typical example of (sth) 是（某事物）的典型: * This painting exemplifies the artist's early style. 这幅画是该画家早期艺术风格的典型. 2 (fml 文) give an example of (sth); illustrate by example 举出（某事物）的例子; 举例说明: * exemplify the problems involved. 举例说明所涉及的问题. 派生： exemplification/ig7zemplifi'keiFn; ig7zemplEfE'keFEn] n 1 [U] exemplifying 举例说明; 示范. 2 [C] (fml 文) example 例证; 例子; 范例.

exempt
[ig'zempt; ig'zempt] adj [pred 作表语] ~ (from sth) free from an obligation, duty or payment; not liable 被免除义务或责任; 不用付款; 被豁免: * exempt from military service 免服兵役 * exempt from working overtime 免於超时工作 * goods exempt from tax免税货物 * Children under 16 are exempt from prescription charges. 16岁以下的儿童免付处方费. 派生： exempt v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (from sth) (fml 文) make sb/sth exempt 使某人[某事物]免除或豁免: His bad eyesight exempted him from military service.他因视力不好而免服兵役. exemption/ig'zempFn; ig'zempFEn] n [U, C].

exercise
1[5eksEsaiz; 5eksl7saiz] n 1 [U] use or practice (of the mind or esp the body) through effort or action （智力的）运用; （尤指）锻炼运动: * The doctor advised him to take more exercise. 医生建议他多运动. * Jogging is a healthy form of exercise. 慢跑是有益健康的锻炼方式. * Doing crosswords gives the mind some exercise. 做纵横字谜游戏能锻炼脑筋. 2 [C] activity or task intended for physical or mental training 练习; 训练: * vocal, gymnastic, keep-fit, deep-breathing, etc exercises 发音、 体操、 保健、 深呼吸等练习 * exercises for the piano, flute, harp, etc 钢琴、 长笛、 竖琴等的练习 * The teacher set her class a mathematics exercise for homework. 那位女教师给班上布置数学的家庭作业. * [attrib 作定语] an exercise book, ie a book for writing in with soft covers and lined pages 练习本. 3 [U] ~ of sth (effective) use or application （有效的）使用或应用: * The exercise of patience is essential in diplomatic negotiations. 在外交谈判中, 重要的是要有耐性. * the exercise of one's civil rights 公民权利的行使 * His stories showed considerable exercise of the imagination. 他的故事颇具创意. 4 [C often pl 常作复数] series of movements or operations for training troops, etc （部队等的）操练, 演习: * military exercises 军事操练 * (fig 比喻) an exercise in diplomatic relations 外交关系上的举动. 5 exercises [pl] (US) ceremonies 典礼; 仪式: * graduation exercises 毕业典礼 * opening exercises, eg speeches at the start of a conference 开幕仪式（如致开幕词）.

exert
[ig'zE:t; ig'zEt] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (on sb/sth) bring (a quality, skill, pressure, etc) into use; apply sth 用（某特质、 技巧、 压力等）; 应用（某物）: * He exerted all his influence to make them accept his plan. 他用尽一切影响力使他们接受他的计划. * Her husband exerted a lot of pressure on her to succeed. 她丈夫殷切期望她能成功, 给了她很大的压力. 2 [Tn no passive 不用於被动语态] ~ oneself make an effort 努力; 尽力: * You'll have to exert yourself more if you want to pass your exam. 你若想考试及格, 就必须更加努力. * He doesn't have to exert himself on my behalf. 他不必为我费那麽大力气.

exertion
[ig'zE:Fn; ig'zEFEn] n (a) [U] action of applying influence, etc 发挥; 运用; 行使; 施加: * Exertion of authority over others is not always wise; persuasion may be better. 利用权力压服别人并非永远是上策, 运用说服方法或许更为可取. (b) [C, U] (instance of) great effort 努力; 尽力; 费力: * incapable of physical exertion 体力上不能劳累的 * He failed to lift the rock in spite of all his exertions. 他虽然竭尽全力, 但仍未能将那石块搬起. * Now that I'm 90, I find the exertions of travelling too great. 我年届90岁, 出远门已力不从心.

exeunt
[5eksiEnt; 5eksiEnt] (Latin 拉) (as a stage direction 用作舞台说明) they leave the stage 他们退场: * exeunt Antony and Cleopatra 安东尼和克娄巴特拉退场. Cf 参看 exit v 2.

exhale
[eks'heil; eks'hel] v [I, Tn] (fml 文) 1 breathe (sth) out 呼出（某物）: * She exhaled slowly to show her annoyance. 她长吁着气以示厌烦. * exhale air from the lungs 从肺中呼出气来 * exhale smoke 吐出烟雾. 2 give off or expel (gas or vapour) 散发或排出（气体）. 派生： exhalation[7ekshE'leiFn; 7eksE'leFEn] n (fml 文) 1 [C] act of exhaling 呼气; 排气. 2 [U, C] thing exhaled 被呼出或排出之物: * an exhalation of smoke 排出的烟.

exhaust
1[ig'zC:st; ig'zCst] n 1 [U] waste fumes, gases, steam, etc expelled from an engine or a machine （机器排出的）废气、 蒸气等: * the smell of the exhaust 排出的废气气味 * [attrib 作定语] exhaust fumes 排出的废气. 2 (also ex`haust-pipe) [C] outlet or pipe through which these gases are sent out 排气口; 排气管: * My car needs a new exhaust. 我的汽车该换排气管了. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xii.

exhaustion
[ig'zC:stFEn; ig'zCstFEn] n [U] 1 total loss of strength; extreme tiredness 筋疲力尽; 精疲力竭; 极度疲劳: * They were in a state of exhaustion after climbing the mountain. 他们爬山以後筋疲力尽了. 2 (fml 文) action of using up completely 用尽; 耗尽; 枯竭: * the rapid exhaustion of the earth's natural resources 地球上自 然资源的迅速枯竭.

exhaustive
[ig'zC:stiv; ig'zCstiv] adj very thorough; complete 彻底的; 详尽的; 完全的; 全面的: * an exhaustive enquiry, search 彻底的调查、 搜查.> exhaustively adv.

exhibit
1[ig'zibit; ig'zibit] n 1 object or collection of objects displayed for the public, eg in a museum 展览品; 陈列品: * a priceless exhibit 一件极贵重的陈列品 * The museum has some interesting new exhibits from India. 博物馆新陈列一些有趣的印度展品. * Do not touch the exhibits. 请勿触摸展品. 2 document, object, etc produced as evidence in a lawcourt （当庭出示的）证件, 物证, 证据: * The first exhibit was a knife which the prosecution claimed was the murder weapon. 当庭出示的第一件物证是一把刀, 据原告称是为谋杀凶器.

exhibition
[7eksi'biFn; 7eksE'biFEn] n 1 [C] (a) collection of things shown publicly (eg works of art, industrial or commercial goods for advertisement) 展览品; 展览; 展览会: * Have you seen the Picasso exhibition? ie exhibition of paintings by Picasso. 你参观过毕加索的画展吗? * [attrib 作定语] one of the exhibition halls at the Frankfurt book fair 法兰克福书展的展厅之一. (b) public display of animals, plants, flowers, etc (esp as shown in a competition for prizes) 动物、 植物、 花卉等的展览（尤指为获奖而参赛的）. 2 (a) [sing] act of showing (a quality or feeling) （某特质或感情的）表现, 显示: * an exhibition of bad manners 无礼的表现 * The quiz was a good opportunity for the exhibition of his knowledge. 这次测验是他显示知识的好机会. (b) [C] public demonstration of a skill （技术的）公开示范表演: * There's an exhibition of pottery-making at the fair. 在集市场上有陶器制作的示范表演. * a dancing exhibition 舞蹈表演. =>Usage at demonstration 用法见demonstration. 3 [C] (Brit) money allowance to a student from school or college funds for a number of years to pay for the costs of study 奖学金. 4 (idm 习语) make an exhi`bition of oneself (derog 贬) behave foolishly or badly in public 当众出丑; 出洋相: * People at the party were embarrassed when Frank got drunk and made an exhibition of himself. 弗兰克喝醉了, 出尽洋相, 使参加聚会的人很难为情. 派生： exhibitioner[-FEnE(r); -FEnl] n (Brit) student who receives an exhibition(3) 获奖学金的学生. exhibitionism[-FEnizEm; -FEnizEm] n [U] 1 tendency to behave in a way intended to attract attention to oneself 表现癖: * She was embarrassed by his exhibitionism at the party. 他在聚会上竭力表现自己使她感到很难堪. 2 (fml 文) offence of indecently exposing one's sexual organs in public 露阴癖（当众暴露自己性器官的猥亵行为）.

exhibition1
exhibitionist[-FEnist; -FEnist] n person who is given to exhibitionism 好自我表现的人; 有露阴癖的人: * Children are natural exhibitionists. 儿童天生喜欢自我表现.

exhilarate
[ig'zilEreit; ig'zilE7ret] v [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] make (sb) feel very happy or lively 使（某人）愉快或活跃: * exhilarated by the news 这消息使人高兴 * We felt exhilarated by our walk along the beach. 我们沿着海滩散步感到心旷神怡. 派生： exhilarating adj very exciting; causing happiness 使人兴奋的; 令人高兴的: Our first parachute jump was an exhilarating experience. 我们第一次跳伞感到兴奋莫名. exhilaration/ig7zilE'reiFn; ig7zilE'reFEn] n [U].

exhort
[ig'zC:t; ig'zCrt] v [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.t] ~ sb (to sth) (fml 文) advise sb strongly or earnestly; urge sb 劝告, 规劝或告诫（某人）: * The chairman exhorted the party workers to action. 主席敦促党的工作人员采取行动. * The teacher exhorted him to work hard. 教师谆谆告诫他要用功. 派生： exhortation[7egzC:'teiFn; 7egzCr'teFEn] n 1 [U] (fml 文) action of exhorting 劝告; 规劝; 告诫. 2 [C] earnest request; speech, etc that exhorts 诚恳的要求; 劝告; 告诫: * All his father's exhortations were in vain. 他父亲的一切劝告都无效.

exhume
[eks'hju:m; - ig'zu:m; ig'zum] v [Tn] take (a dead body) from the ground (for examination) 掘出（ 体）（以检验）: * When the police exhumed the corpse they discovered traces of poison in it. 警方掘出 体, 发现有中毒的痕迹. 派生： exhumation[7ekshju:'meiFn; - 7egzu:-; 7egzu'meFEn] n (fml 文) 1 [U] exhuming or being exhumed 掘 . 2 [C] instance of this 掘 .

exigency
[5eksidVEnsi; 5eksEdVEnsi] n [C often pl, U 作可数名词时常作复数, 亦作不可数名词] (fml 文) (condition of) urgent need or demand; emergency 紧急的需要或要求; 紧急情况; 危急关头: * The people had to accept the harsh exigencies of war. 人们要承受战乱的严酷现实. 派生： exigent[-dVEnt; -dVEnt] adj (fml 文) 1 requiring immediate action; urgent 需要立即采取行动的; 紧急的: * an exigent set of circumstances 一系列亟待处理的情况. 2 requiring much; exacting 苛求的; 苛刻的: * an exigent employer 苛刻的雇主. exigently adv.

exiguous
[eg'zigjuEs; ig'zigjuEs] adj (fml 文) very small (in amount); scanty 稀少的; 少量的; 微小的: * an exiguous diet 量少的规定饮食 * the last of the old man's exiguous savings 那老人微薄积蓄中的剩馀部分.

exile
[5eksail; 5egzail] n 1 [U] being sent away from one's native country or home, esp for political reasons or as a punishment; forced absence 流放; 放逐; 充军:be/live in exile 於流放中[过流放生活] * go/be sent into exile 流亡[遭放逐] * a place of exile 流放地. 2 [C] long stay away from one's country or home 长期去国或离家: * After an exile of ten years her uncle returned to Britain. 她叔叔背井离乡十年後返回英国. 3 [C] person who lives away from his own country from choice or because he is forced to （自愿或被迫）去国者: * a tax exile, ie a rich person who moves to another country where the rate of income tax is lower 迁往所得税率较低国家居住的富人 * There were many French exiles in England after the Revolution. 法国大革命後, 有许多法国人流亡英国. 派生： exile v [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from...) send sb into exile 放逐某人: exiled for life 遭终生流放 * She was exiled from her country because of her part in the plot against the government. 她因参与反政府的阴谋而遭驱逐出国.

exist
[ig'zist; ig'zist] v [I, Ipr] 1 ~ (in/on sth) (a) be real or actual; have being 存在; 有: * Do you believe fairies exist? ie that there are really fairies? 你相信真有小神仙吗? * The idea exists only in the minds of poets. 这种想法是诗人才有的. * laws that have existed for hundreds of years 已存在千百年的法规 * Does life exist on Mars? 火星上有生命吗? (b) be found; occur 被发现; 发生: * This plant exists only in Australia. 这种植物只产於澳大利亚. 2 ~ (on sth) continue living, esp with difficulty or with very little money; survive 生存（尤指有困难或钱很少）; 活下来; 幸存: * We cannot exist without food or water. 没有食物或水我们就不能生存. * He exists on rice and water, ie by eating rice and water. 他靠吃米饭和水过活. * I can hardly exist on the wage I'm getting; there is no money for luxuries. 我靠我挣的工资简直难以 口, 根本无钱享受. 派生： existence[-Ens; -Ens] n 1 [U] state or fact of existing 存在: * Do you believe in the existence of ghosts? 你相信有鬼吗? * This is the oldest Hebrew manuscript in existence, ie that exists. 这是现存最早的希伯来语手稿. * When did the world come into existence, ie begin to exist? 世界是什麽时候产生的? * I was unaware of his existence until now. 现在我才知道有他这麽个人. 2 (a) [sing] manner of living, esp when this is difficult, boring, etc; way of living 生活（尤指艰苦、 无聊等的生活）; 生活方式: * We led a happy enough existence as children. 我们小时候的生活过得很愉快. * living a miserable existence miles from the nearest town 在远离城镇的偏僻地区, 过着凄惨的日子. (b) [sing, U] continuance in life; survival 生存; 存活: * The peasants depend on a good harvest for their very existence, ie for existence itself. 农民要靠丰收才能活命. * They eke out a bare existence (ie They scarcely manage) on his low salary. 他们靠他微薄的薪金勉强 口.

exist1
3 (idm 习语) the bane of sb's existence => bane. existent[-Ent; -Ent] adj (fml 文) existing; actual 存在的; 现有的; 现存的.

existentialism
[7egzi'stenFElizEm; 7egzis'tenFEl7izEm] n (philosophy 哲) theory (deriving from Kierkegaard/ 5kIEkEgR:d; `kirkE9^Brd/ (1813-55), the Danishphilosopher, and made popular by Sartre[5sa:trE; 5sartrE] (1905-80), the French writer and philosopher) that man is a unique and isolated individual in a meaningless or hostile world, responsible for his own actions and free to choose his destiny 存在主义. 派生： existential[7egzi'stenFEl; 7egzis'tenFEl] adj 1 (fml 文) of or relating to (esp human) existence （尤指人类）存在的; 与（人类）存在有关的. 2 of or relating to the theory of existentialism 存在主义的; 与存在主义有关的. existentialist[-FElist; -FElist] n, adj: * He's an existentialist. 他是存在主义者. * He holds existentialist views. 他持存在主义观点.

exit
[5eksit, also 'egzt; 5eksit, 'egzEt] n 1 action of leaving; departure, esp that of an actor from the stage 离别; 离开; （尤指演员）退场: * The heroine makes her exit (from the stage). 女主角退场. * When his ex-wife arrived at the party he made a swift exit, ie he left quickly. 在聚会上, 他的前妻来到时, 他匆匆离去. * [attrib 作定语] an exit visa, ie a stamp or signature on a passport giving permission to leave a particular country 出境签证. 2 way out (of a public building) （公共建 物的）出口, 太平门: * There are four emergency exits in the department store. 这百货公司有四个紧急出口. * [attrib 作定语] The exit signs in cinemas are usually illuminated. 电影院的出口标记通常都有照明. 3 point at which a road, etc turns off from a motorway or roundabout, allowing vehicles to leave （车辆可从高速公路或环状交叉路驶出的）出口, 出路: * At the roundabout, take the third exit. 在环状交叉路口, 从第叁条出路驶出. * Leave the motorway at the Stokenchurch exit. 在斯托肯彻切出口处驶离高速公路. 派生： exit v [I] 1 go out; (esp of an actor) leave (the stage) 出去; 离去; 退出; （尤指演员）退场: At the end of the third scene the actress exits. 该女演员於第叁场结束时退场. * (joc 谑) We exited from the party as soon as we could. 我们在聚会上能抽得身时, 便鞠躬下台告辞而去. 2 (as a printed stage direction in plays) he or she leaves the stage （剧本中的舞台说明）他下场: Exit Macbeth. 麦克佩斯退场. Cf 参看 exeunt. 复合： `exit poll unofficial poll based on interviews with voters as they leave a polling station after voting 票站调查（在投票站外向刚投票者进行的访问）.

exo-
comb form 构词成分 external, outside or beyond 外部的; 外面的; 外: exoskeleton[5eksEuskelitn; 7ekso'skelEtn] , ie external covering on an animal, eg the shell of a crab * exogamous/ek'sCgEmEs; eks'agEmEs] , ie marrying outside one's religion, caste, etc.

exodus
[5eksEdEs; 5eksEdEs] n 1 [sing] ~ (from...) (to...) (fml or joc 文或谑) departure of many people at one time （大批人同时之）离去: * the mass exodus of people to the sea and mountains for the summer holidays 为度暑假游山玩水大批人外出 * The play was so awful that there was a general exodus from the theatre at the interval. 那剧十分糟糕, 在幕间休息时观众纷纷离去. 2 the Exodus the departure of the Israelites from Egypt, in about 1300 BC 出埃及事（约公元前1300年以色列人离开埃及一事）. 3 Exodus title of the 2nd book of the Bible, which tells the story of this departure 《出埃及记》（《圣经．旧约》中的第2卷）.

exonerate
[ig'zCnEreit; ig'zanE7ret] v [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: * Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from sth) declare sb free from blame 宣布某人无罪过: * He was exonerated from all responsibility for the accident. 已确定他无须对该事故负任何责任. > exoneration/ig7zCnE'reiFn; ig7zanE'reFEn] n [U].

exorbitant
[ig'zC:bitEnt; ig'zCrbEtEnt] adj (fml 文) (of a price, charge, etc) much too high or great; unreasonable （指价格、 索价等）过高的, 过分的, 不合理的: * exorbitant rents 过高的租金 * The price of food here is exorbitant. 这儿的食物价格太高.> exorbitance[-tEns; -tEns] n [U] (fml 文). exorbitantly adv: * exorbitantly expensive 过於昂贵.

exorcize, exorcise
[5eksC:saiz; 5eksCr7saiz] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sb/sth) (esp religion 尤用於宗教) drive out or expel (an evil spirit) by prayers or magic 用祈祷或魔法驱逐或祛除（恶魔）: * A priest exorcized the ghost from the house. 教士将鬼从房屋中驱走. * (fig 比喻) We gradually exorcized her feelings of panic and terror. 我们帮助她渐渐消除惊恐的感觉. 派生： exorcism[5eksC:sizEm; 5eksCr7sizEm] n [C, U] (instance of) exorcizing 驱除邪魔. exorcist[5eksC:sist; 5eksCr7sist] n person who exorcizes 驱除邪魔者.

exotic
[ig'zCtik; ig'zatik] adj 1 introduced from another country; not native 由外国引进的; 非本地的: * exotic houseplants 引进的室内盆栽 * monkeys and other exotic animals 猴子及外来的其他动物 * mangoes and other exotic fruits 胡果及其他外国水果. 2 striking or attractive because colourful or unusual （因富色彩或式样奇特）醒目的, 吸引人的, 漂亮的: * exotic plumage 别致的羽毛 * exotic clothes 奇装异服.

expand
[ik'spAnd; ik'spAnd] v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (into sth) (cause sth to) become greater in size, number or importance 使（某事物）变大, 扩大, 增大, 增加, 增强, 扩展: * Metals expand when they are heated. 金属受热则膨胀. * A tyre expands when you pump air into it. 轮胎一打气就鼓起来. * His modest business eventually expanded into a supermarket empire. 他原先不大的生意後来扩展成了超级市场集团企业. * Our foreign trade has expanded greatly in recent years. 我国的对外贸易近年来已有极大发展. * Why not try to expand your story into a novel? 你怎麽不把你的故事扩展成小说呢? 2 [I, Ipr] spread out; unfold 伸展; 伸开; 张开; 展开: * The petals of the flowers expanded in the sunshine. 花瓣在阳光下张开了. * His face expanded in a smile of welcome. 他喜笑颜开地表示欢迎. Cf 参看 contract3. 3 [I] (of a person) become more friendly or talkative （指人）变得热情或愿意交谈: * The guests expanded a little when they'd had a glass or two of wine. 客人们喝了一两杯酒以後, 就有说有笑了. 4 (phr v) expand on sth develop or give more of (a story, an argument, etc) 阐述或详述（某事, 故事, 论点等）: * You mentioned the need for extra funding. Would you expand on that? 你曾提到需要一笔额外资金. 你详细谈谈好吗? 复合： ex,panded `metal sheet metal cut and stretched into a mesh used (esp) to reinforce concrete 拉制金属网（尤指用於加固混凝土者）. ex,panded poly`styrene light packaging or insulation material made of air-filled plastic 多孔聚苯乙烯, 多孔塑料（用充气塑料制成的轻质包装或绝缘材料）.

expanse
[ik'spAns; ik'spAns] n ~ (of sth) wide and open area (of land, sea, etc) （陆地、 海洋等的）广阔的区域: * the wide expanses of the Pacific 浩淼的太平洋海域 * the blue expanses of the sky 广阔的蓝天 * a broad expanse of brow 宽阔的前额.

expansion
[ik'spAnFn; iks'pAnFEn] n [U] action of expanding; state of being expanded 扩大; 扩展; 膨胀: * the expansion of gases when heated 气体受热时的膨胀 * the expansion of his business interests 他的商业利益的增加 * the expansion of the school system 学校机构的扩大. 派生： expansionism[-FEnizEm; -FEnizEm] n [U] belief in, or practice of, expansion, esp of one's territory or business 扩张主义, 扩展政策（尤指领土或企业）: * Expansionism was advocated by many British politicians in the late 19th century. 19世纪末, 英国许多政客鼓吹扩张主义. * The owners of the firm feared the manager's vigorous expansionism. 公司的股东都惧怕经理冒进的扩展政策. expansionist[-FEnist; -FEnist] n person who wishes esp a country or business to expand 扩张主义者; （企业中）赞成扩展政策者: * [attrib 作定语] Hitler's expansionist policies 希特勒的扩张主义政策 * expansionist business plans 扩展企业的计划.

expansive
[ik'spAnsiv; ik'spAnsiv] adj 1 able or tending to expand 可扩大或伸展的; 有扩大或伸展性的: * He greeted us with an expansive gesture (eg he stretched his arms wide) and a wide smile. 他手舞足蹈笑逐颜开地迎接我们. 2 (of a person, his manner, etc) willing to talk a lot; unreserved （指人、 态度等）健谈的, 豪爽的, 开朗的: * an expansive after-dinner speaker 健谈的饭後演讲者 * be in an expansive mood after a few drinks 喝了几杯酒以後情绪高涨. > expansively adv. expansiveness n [U].

expatiate
[ik'speiFieit; ik'speFi7et] v [Ipr] ~ on/upon sth (fml 文) write or speak at great length or in detail about a subject 详述; 细说; 阐述: * The chairman expatiated for two hours on his plans for the company. 董事长用两小时阐述了公司的规划.

expatriate
[7eks'pAtriEt; - -'peit-; eks'petriit] n person living outside his own country 居於国外的人; 侨民: * American expatriates in Paris 居於巴黎的美国人 * [attrib 作定语] expatriate Englishmen in Spain 西班牙的英国侨民. 派生： expatriate[-rieit; -ri7et] v [Tn] cause (sb) to leave his native country; expel 使（某人）移居国外; 将（某人）逐出本国; 流放: * expatriated on suspicion of spying for the enemy 涉嫌里通外国而被逐出本国.

expect
[ik'spekt; ik'spekt] v 1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tf, Tt, Tnt] ~ sth (from sb/sth) think or believe that sth will happen or that sb/sth will come 预料, 预计, 期待, 盼望（某事物会发生或某人[某事物]会来到）: * This is the parcel which we have been expecting (from New York). 这是我们一直在期待的（从纽约来的）邮包. * I expect (that) I will be back on Sunday. 我预计星期日回来. * You would expect that there would be/there to be strong disagreement about this. 可以料到此事会有严重分歧. * You can't expect to learn a foreign language in a week. 不要指望一个星期就能学会一门外语. * We expected him to arrive yesterday. 我们原以为他昨天能到. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sb) hope and feel confident that one will receive sth (from sb) 期望, 盼望, 指望（从某人处）得到某事物: * I was expecting a present from her, so I was disappointed I didn't receive one. 我原来一直盼望着能收到她送的礼物, 所以因得不到而失望. * Don't expect any sympathy from me! 不要指望能得到我的同情! =>Usage at wait1 用法见wait1. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tf, Tnt] ~ sth (from sb) require sth (from sb), esp as a right or duty 要求（某人）某事物（尤指有权或有责任要求者）: * The sergeant expects obedience from his men/that his men will obey him/his men to obey him. 中士要士兵服从他的命令. * I expect you to be punctual. 我要求你准时. * You will be expected to work on Saturdays. 你们星期六要上班. 3 [Tn, Tf, Tt] (not in the continuous tenses 不用於进行时态) (infml 口 esp Brit) suppose (sth); assume 料想为（某事物）; 认为; 猜想: * `Who has eaten all the cake?’ `Tom, I expect/I expect (that) it was Tom.’ ‘谁把蛋糕都吃光了?’‘我想是汤姆[大概是汤姆]吧.’ * `Will you need help?’ `I don't expect so. ’ ‘你需要帮忙吗?’‘我想不必了.’ * `Will he be late?’ `I expect so.’ ‘他会迟到吗?’‘我想会的.’

expect1
4 (idm 习语) be expecting (a baby/child) (infml euph 口, 婉) be pregnant 怀孕: * I hear Sally's expecting again. 我听说萨莉又有身子了. expect too `much (of sb) believe or assume sb can do more than he can 对（某人）期望过高: * `I can't finish this job by Friday you expect too much of me.’ ‘我星期五以前干不完这项工作--你对我期望过高了.’ (only) to be ex`pected likely to happen; quite normal 可能发生; 相当正常: * A little tiredness after taking these drugs is to be expected. 服下这些药後会有些疲倦. * It is only to be expected your son will leave home eventually. 儿子总归要离开家的, 这种事很难免. 派生： expectancy/ik'spektEnsi; ik'spektEnsi] n [U] state of expecting or hoping 预料; 预计; 期待; 盼望; 指望: * a look/feeling of expectancy 期望的神色[心情] * She went to meet him with an air of expectancy, ie as if expecting him to bring sth. 她去见他时带着有所期待的神情. Cf 参看 life expectancy (life). expectant/ik'spektEnt; ik'spektEnt] adj expecting (esp sth good); hopeful 期待的; 期望的; 怀有希望的: * (fml 文) children with expectant faces waiting for the pantomime to start 眼巴巴地等候童话剧开演的儿童们. expectantly adv. ex,pectant `mother woman who is pregnant 怀孕的女人. expected adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] that is expected 预料的; 预期的; 期望的: expected objections to the plan 预料到的对该计划的反对意见.

expectation
[7ekspek'teiFn; 7ekspek'teFEn] n 1 [U] ~ (of sth) firm belief that sth will happen; hope of gaining sth/that sth will happen 预料; 预期; 期待; 期望: * There's no expectation of snow tonight. 今晚预料无雪. * The children waited patiently in expectation of (ie expecting) the magician. 孩子们耐心地等待着魔术师. * He has little expectation of winning a prize. 他对获奖不抱什麽希望. 2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] confident feelings (about sth) （对某事物）有信心的指望: * His parents have great expectations for his future. 他父母对他的前途深寄厚望. * She had high expectations of what university had to offer. 她对大学所能给她提供的一切期望很高. * The holiday was beyond all expectations, ie better than was hoped for. 假日过得比预期的好得多. 3 (idm 习语) a,gainst/,contrary to (all) expec`tation(s) quite different from what was expected 出乎意料; 意想不到: * a gold medal that was against all expectations 出乎意料的一枚金质奖章. ,expectation of `life years a person is expected to live 对某人的估计寿命. fall short of sb's/not come up to (sb's) expec`tations be less goodthan was expected 未臻理想: * Unfortunately the restaurant he recommended fell far short of our expectations. 遗憾的是他推荐的餐厅与我们心目中的相去甚远. * His film performance didn't come up to expectations. 他在影片中的演出有负众望.

expectorate
[ik'spektEreit; ik'spektE7ret] v [I, Tn] (fml or medical 文或医) send out (phlegm from the throat, blood from the lungs) by coughing; spit 吐或咯（痰、 血、 唾液等）; 吐痰; 咯血; 吐唾液: * In cases of tuberculosis blood is expectorated. 肺结核病有咯血症状. 派生： expectorant[-rEnt; -rEnt] n medicine that helps sb to expectorate 祛痰剂: * The cough medicine contains an expectorant. 咳嗽药中含有祛痰剂.

expedient
[ik'spi:diEnt; ik'spidiEnt] adj [usu pred 通常作表语] (of an action) useful, helpful or advisable for a particular purpose, though not necessarily fair or moral （指行动）有用, 有助益, 可取（但不一定合理或正当）: * Since there was soon to be a general election, the Prime Minister decided that a change of policy was politically expedient. 鉴於即将举行大选, 首相认为变通一下政策在政治上有利. * actions that were expedient rather than principled 非原则性的权宜手段. 派生： expedience[-Ens; -Ens] (also expediency[-EnsI; -EnsI/) (n [U] suitability or usefulness for a purpose, though not necessarily fair or moral 适宜, 有用, 有利, 便利（但不一定合理或正当）: * He acted from expediency, not from principle. 他为求达到目的, 丧失了原则. expedient n means of achieving an aim, which may not be fair or moral 权宜之计, 应急手段（不一定合理或正当）: resort to various expedients to get the money together 采取各种应急办法筹款. expediently adv.

expedite
[5ekspidait; 5ekspi7dait] v [Tn] (fml 文) help the progress of (work, business, etc); hasten or speed up 有助於（工作、 业务等）的进展; 加快; 加速: * Please do what you can to expedite the building work. 请尽量加快建 工作.

expedition
[7ekspi'diFn; 7ekspi'diFEn] n 1 (a) organized journey or voyage with a particular aim （为某目的而组织的陆路或水路的）远行; 探险; 考察: * send a party of people on an expedition 派一队人去考察 * go on an expedition to the North Pole 到北极去探险 * a hunting expedition 狩猎之行 * (joc 谑) a shopping expedition 购物之行. (b) people, vehicles, ships, etc making this journey （进行远征、 探险、 考察等的）人或使用的车辆、 船只等: * members of the Mount Everest expedition 埃佛勒斯峰（即珠穆朗玛峰）探险队队员. 2 (fml 文) speed; promptness 迅速; 敏捷: * We carried out the captain's orders with all possible expedition. 我们毫不迟疑地迅速执行船长的命令. 派生： expeditionary[-FEnEri; - -neri; -FEn7eri] adj [attrib 作定语] of or forming an expedition 远征的; 探险的; 考察的; 组成远征队等的: * an expeditionary force, eg an army sent to take part in a war abroad 远征军（如到国外参战的军队）.

expeditious
[7ekspi'diFEs; 7ekspi'diFEs] adj (fml 文) done with speed and efficiency 迅速而有效率的; 迅速完成的: * an expeditious response 迅速的反应.> expeditiously adv: * We will carry out the enquiry as expeditiously as possible. 我们将尽快进行调查.

expel
[ik'spel; ik'spel] v (-ll-) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from sth) 1 force sb to leave (esp a country, school or club) 强迫（某人）离开（尤指国家、 学校或会所）; 驱逐; 赶走; 开除: * Following reports of drug-taking at a boarding-school, several senior boys have been expelled. 自从某寄宿学校传出有人吸毒之後, 高年级有几个男生已被开除. * Two attaches at the embassy were expelled from the country. 大使馆的两名随员已驱逐出境. 2 send or drive (sth) out by force 用力排出或驱出（某物）: * expel smoke from the lungs 用力呼出肺里的烟 * a fan in the kitchen for expelling cooking smells 为排出烹调气味而安装於厨房中的电扇.

expend
[ik'spend; ik'spend] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (on/upon sth/doing sth) (fml 文) 1 spend, use (money, etc) in doing sth 花费, 使用（钱等）做某事: * expend time, effort and money on a project 在一项目上花费时间、 精力和金钱. 2 use (sth) up; exhaust 用光（某物）; 耗尽: * expend all one's ammunition, stores, fuel 用尽所有的弹药、 储备、 燃料. 派生： expendable adj (fml 文) that may be consumed, destroyed, etc to achieve a purpose 可消费的; 可消耗的; 可毁灭的: In the Great War soldiers were considered expendable. 在第一次世界大战中, 人们认为士兵是尽可牺牲的. * In these conservation-conscious times, areas of grassland are no longer expendable. 在人们意识到应当保护自然资源的这个时代, 草原已不容再受破坏了.

expenditure
[ik'spenditFE(r); ik'spenditFl] n 1 [U] action of spending or using 花费; 使用: * the expenditure of money on weapons 购置武器的开支 * expenditure of energy on a project 在一项目上耗费的精力. 2 [C, U] amount (esp of money) spent （尤指金钱的）支出额: * an expenditure of 500 on new furniture 购买新家具的500英镑开销 * Limit your expenditure(s) to what is essential. 你要把开销限制在必要的范围内. Cf 参看 receipt 3.

expense
[ik'spens; ik'spens] n 1 (a) [U] spending of money etc; cost 花费; 代价: * an expense of time, energy and cash 时间、 精力、 现金的花费 * He hired a plane, regardless of expense. 他不惜代价, 租了一架飞机. * Most children in Britain are educated at public expense. 英国大多数儿童靠公费受教育. (b) [C] cause of spending 花费的原因: * An annual holiday is a big expense. 一年一度的假日是一笔大开销. * Running a car is a great expense. 一辆汽车的经常开支很大. 2 expenses [pl] money spent in doing a specific job, or for a specific purpose （做某工作或为某目的）花费的钱: * travelling expenses 旅费 * House repairs, holidays and other expenses reduced her bank balance to almost nothing. 修房、 度假和其他开销使她在银行的存款所剩无几. * Who's meeting the expenses of your trip? 谁为你支付旅费呢? 3 (idm 习语) at sb's expense (a) with sb paying 由某人付费: * We were entertained at the editor's expense. 由编辑付钱招待我们. (b) at sb who has behaved foolishly, been tricked, etc 针对某人（因其举动愚蠢或受到捉弄等）: * They had a good laugh (ie were very amused) at Sam's expense. 他们嘲弄萨姆而乐不可支. at great, little, no, etc ex`pense (to sb/oneself) with a lot of, little, no, etc money being spent (by sb/oneself) （某人[自己]）花费很大、 花费很小、 无花费等: * We can redecorate the room at little expense, if we use this old paint. 我们要是用这种旧漆重新装饰这房间, 就不用花多少钱了. at the expense of sth with loss or damage to sth 在损失或损坏某事物的情况下: * He built up a successful business but it was all done at the expense of his health. 他创建的企业很成功, 但这一切却损害了他的健康. (all) expenses `paid with an employer, etc paying for everything （由雇主等）已付费用的: * [attrib 作定语] She's just returned from an all-expenses-paid trip to France. 她刚由法国回来, 旅途一切费用由雇主支付. go to/put sb to the expense of sth/doing sth spend/cause sb to spend money on sth 在某事物上花钱或使某人花钱:

expense1
* It's stupid to go to the expense of taking music lessons if you never practise. 花钱上音乐课而从不练习是很愚蠢的. * put sb to a lot of expense 使某人破费极大. no expense(s) `spared with no regard for the cost 不惜费用: * I'm going to take you out to dinner, no expense spared. 我带你出去用餐, 花费多少都无所谓. spare no expense => spare. 复合： ex`pense account record of money spent by an employee in the course of his work (and later paid by his employer) 报销帐目（雇员工作上的开支记载, 事後由雇主偿付）: Whenever he buys petrol, he puts it on his expense account. 他每次买汽油都记在报销帐目上.

expensive
[ik'spensiv; ik'spensiv] adj costing a lot (of money) 费用大的; 昂贵的: * an expensive car 昂贵的汽车 * Houses are very expensive in this area. 这地区房价很高. * It's too expensive for me to buy. 太贵了, 我买不起.> expensively adv: * an expensively dressed lady 穿着昂贵服装的女士.

experience
[ik'spiEriEns; ik'spiriEns] n 1 [U] (process of gaining) knowledge or skill acquired from seeing and doing things 经验; 体验: * We all learn by experience. 我们都从经验中学习. * Does she have much experience of teaching? 她教学经验丰富吗? * He hasn't had enough work experience (ie experience of work) for the job. 他做这项工作尚无足够经验. * I know from experience that he'll arrive late. 据我的经验之谈, 他要迟到的. 2 [C] event or activity that affects one in some way; event or activity that has given one experience(1) 经历; 阅历; 感受; 体会: * an unpleasant, a trying, an unusual, etc experience 令人不快的、 难堪的、 不寻常等的经历 * You must try some of her home-made wine it's quite an experience! ie it's very unusual. 你一定要 她自制的葡萄酒--一饱口福! * He had many interesting experiences while travelling in Africa. 他在非洲旅行时, 有许多有趣的经历. 派生： experience v [Tn] have experience of (sth); feel 有（某事物）的经验; 经历; 感觉; 感受; 体验: experience pleasure, pain, difficulty, great hardships, etc 体验到愉快、 痛苦、 困难、 苦难等 * The child had never experienced kindness. 这孩子从未受过善待. * I don't think I've ever experienced real depression. 我认为我从未体验过真正的情绪低落. experienced adj having experience; having knowledge or skill as a result of experience 有经验的; 有阅历的; 有见识的; 熟练的: an experienced nurse 有经验的护士 * He's experienced in looking after children. 他有照料孩子的经验.

experiment
[ik'sperimEnt; ik'sperEmEnt] n [C, U] (esp scientific 尤用於科学) test or trial done carefully in order to study what happens and gain new knowledge 实验; 试验: * perform/carry out/conduct an experiment 进行试验 * The researchers are repeating the experiment on rats. 研究人员用老鼠反覆做该试验. * prove a theory by experiment 通过试验证实一理论 * learn by experiment 通过试验学习 * (fig 比喻) The play was staged as an experiment. 这出剧已经试演. 派生： experiment v [I, Ipr] ~ (on/upon sb/sth); ~ (with sth) make an experiment 进行实验; 进行试验: We experimented until we succeeded in mixing the right colour. 我们不断进行实验, 直至将所需颜色调配成功. * experiment upon animals 用动物做实验 * experiment with new methods 实验新方法. experimentation/ik7sperimen'teiFn; ik7sperEmen'teFEn] n [U] (fml 文) activity, process or practice of experimenting 实验; 试验: * Many people object to experimentation on animals. 许多人反对用动物做实验. * [attrib 作定语] experimentation methods 实验方法.

experimental
[ik7speri5mentl; ik7sperE'mentl] adj of, used for, using or based on experiments 实验的; 用於实验的; 用实验的; 以实验为基础的: * experimental methods 实验方法 * an experimental farm 实验农场 * an experimental physicist 实验物理学家 * experimental theatre 实验剧场 * The technique is still at the experimental stage. It hasn't been fully developed yet. 这项技术仍处於实验阶段, 尚未完全成熟. > experimentally[-tEli; -tli] adv: * We are using the substance experimentally at first. 我们现在先试验性地使用这种物质.

expert
[5ekspE:t; 5ekspEt] n ~ (at/in/on sth/doing sth) person with special knowledge, skill or training in a particular field 专家; 能手: * an agricultural expert 农业专家 * an expert in psychology 心理学专家 * get the advice of the experts 向专家请教 * an expert at playing golf 打高尔夫球的能手 * an expert on ancient Greek vases 古希腊花瓶专家. 派生： expert adj ~ (at/in/on sth/doing sth) done with, having, or involving great knowledge or skill 熟练的; 老练的; 需有专门知识或技术的: according to expert advice 根据专家的意见 * an expert rider 熟练的骑手 * an expert job 需有专门知识的工作 * He's expert at/in cooking good cheap meals. 他善於烹制又好吃又便宜的饭菜. expertly adv. expertness n [U]: The expertness of her driving surprised him. 她驾驶技术熟练, 他感到很惊奇.

expertise
[7ekspE:'ti:z; 7ekspE'tiz] n [U] expert knowledge or skill, esp in a particular field 专门知识或技能（尤指在某一领域）: * Customers will be impressed by the expertise of our highly trained employees. 我们的雇员专业性强、 训练有素, 保证顾客满意. * We were amazed at his expertise on the ski slopes. 他斜坡滑雪的技能使我们赞叹不已.

expiate
[5ekspieit; 5ekspi7et] v [Tn] (fml 文) accept punishment for (wrong one has done) and do something to show one is sorry; make up for 为（所犯罪过）受罚及补偿; 赎（罪）; 抵偿: * expiate one's sin/a crime/one's guilt 赎罪. > expiation[7ekspi'eiFn; 7ekspi'eFEn] n [U] (fml 文): * large sums paid to the family in expiation of the wrongs done to them 为赎罪付给事主家人的巨额金钱.

expire
[ik'spaiE(r); ik'spair] v [I] 1 (of sth that lasts a period of time) come to an end; become no longer in use （指延续一段时间的某事物）结束, 不再使用, 期满, 终止: * Our present lease on the flat expires next month. 我们这套公寓的租约下月到期. * When does your driving licence expire? 你的驾驶执照何时到期? 2 (esp medical 尤用於医学) breathe out (air) 呼出（气）. 3 (dated fml 旧, 文) die 死; 去世. 派生： expiration[7ekspi'reiFn; 7ekspE'reFEn] n [U] (fml 文) 1 ending, esp of the period when a contract, etc is in force 终止, 届期, 期满, 满期（尤指合同等的有效期）: * the expiration of the lease, tenancy, agreement, contract, etc 租约、 租用、 协议、 合同等的期满. 2 (esp medical 尤用於医学) breathing out (of air) （空气的）呼出.

expiry
[ik'spaiEri; ik'spairi] n ~ (of sth) ending, esp of the period when a contract or agreement is in force 终止, 届期, 期满, 满期（尤指合同或协议的有效阶段）: * the expiry of a driving licence, lease, credit card, contract, agreement, etc 驾驶执照、 租约、 信用卡、 合同、 协议等的期满 * [attrib 作定语] the expiry date 终止日期.

explain
[ik'splein; ik'splen] v 1 [Tn, Tw, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) make sth plain or clear; give the meaning of sth 解释; 讲解; 说明; 阐明: * A dictionary explains the meaning of words. 词典是解释词义的工具书. * He explained his plan in some detail. 他仔细地说明了自己的计划. * Could you explain why you left? 你能说说你为什麽离开的吗? * Please explain this problem to me. 请把这个问题给我讲解一下. 2 [Tn, Tf, Tw, Dn.pr, Dpr.f, Dpr.w] ~ sth (to sb) give or be a reason for sth; account for sth 说明某事物的原因或理由; 为某事物辩解: * That explains his absence. 那就是他缺席的原因. * He explained that his train had been delayed. 他解释说他乘坐的火车误点了. * They explained what had happened. 他们为所发生的事进行了辩解. * She explained her conduct to her boss. 她向老板说明了自己那种表现的原因. * She explained to the children that the school had been closed. 她向孩子们解释说学校已经关门了. * The manager has explained to customers why the goods were late. 经理已向顾客解释货物晚到的原因. 3 (idm 习语) ex`plain oneself (a) make one's meaning clear 把自己的意思解释清楚: * I don't understand your argument. Could you explain yourself a bit more? 我不明白你的论点, 你能把意思再说清楚些吗? (b) give reasons for one's behaviour 为自己的行为作解释: * In recent weeks you've been late every day. Please explain yourself. 近几个星期以来你每天都迟到. 请你说说原因. 4 (phr v) explain sth away give excuses why one should not be blamed for (a fault, mistake, etc) or why sth is not important 为（过失或错误等）辩解; 为某事物搪塞: * You will find it difficult to explain away your use of such offensive language. 你使用这样无礼的语言是很难说得过去的. * He explained away his late arrival by blaming it on the crowded roads. 他辩称路上人多而把迟到一事推脱得一乾二净.

explanation
[7eksplE'neiFn; 7eksplE'neFEn] n 1 [U] (process of) explaining 解释; 讲解; 说明; 阐述: * He left the room without explanation. 他离开了房间而未加解释. * I should say a few words (by way) of explanation. 我应当说几句解释的话. * Had he anything to say in explanation of his behaviour? 他对自己的行为做过什麽解释吗? 2 [C] statement, fact, circumstance, etc that explains sth 能说明某事物缘由的言语、 事实、 情况等: * That's not an adequate explanation. 这并不足以说明问题. * a satisfactory explanation of the mystery 有关此奥秘的一种令人信服的解释 * His explanations are always difficult to believe. 他的说法总是很难令人相信.

explanatory
[ik'splAnEtCri; - -tC:ri; ik'splAnE7tCri] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] giving, serving or intended as an explanation 解释的; 说明的: * explanatory notes at the back of a book 书後的注释.

expletive
[ik'spli:tiv; - 'eksplEtiv; 5eksplitiv] n (fml 文) violent (often meaningless) exclamation said in anger, pain, etc; swear-word （愤怒、 痛苦等时用的）叹词（常无意义）; 咒骂语: * `Damn!’ is an expletive. ‘该死!’是咒骂语. * He uttered several vigorous expletives when he dropped the iron on his foot. 他的熨斗掉下砸在脚上, 他随口骂了几声.

explicable
[ Ik5splIkEbl, also 5eksplIkEbl; `ZksplIkEbl,Ik`splIkEbl] adj (fml 文) that can be explained 可解释的; 可说明的: * His behaviour is explicable in the light of his recent illness. 他因近日患病, 这种表现是可以理解的. * Scientists had maintained that the crop failure was not explicable. 科学家认为作物歉收原因不明.

explicate
[5eksplikeit; 5ekspli7ket] v [Tn] (fml 文) explain and analyse (esp an idea, a statement or a work of literature) in detail 详细解说并分析（尤指想法、 说法或文学作品）: * explicate one's moral values 详细阐述自己的道德标准.

explicit
[ik'splisit; ik'splisit] adj 1 (a) (of a statement, etc) clearly and fully expressed （指说法等）明确而详细的: * He gave me explicit directions on how to get there. 他清清楚楚地告诉我怎样到达那里. * They gave explicit reasons for leaving. 他们明确地说出了离开的原因. (b) (of a person) saying sth clearly, exactly and openly （指人）（说得）明确的, 直率的, 开诚布公的: * She was quite explicit about why she left. 她对自己离去的原因直言不讳. 2 with nothing hidden or implied 毫不隐瞒的; 毫不含蓄的: * explicit sex scenes in the film 影片中露骨的性爱镜头. > explicitly adv: * She was explicitly forbidden to attend. 清楚表明不准她参加. explicitness n [U].

explode
[ik'splEud; ik'splod] v 1 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) burst with a loud noise; blow up （使某物）爆炸; 炸开: * When the boiler exploded many people were injured. 因锅炉爆炸, 许多人受了伤. * The firework exploded in his hand. 那个爆竹在他手里响了. * explode a bomb 使一颗炸弹爆炸. Cf 参看 implode. 2 [I, Ipr] (a) (of feelings) burst out suddenly （指感情）迸发: * At last his anger exploded. 他终於大发雷霆. (b) ~ (with/in/into sth) (of people) show sudden violent emotion （指人）冲动, 激动: * He exploded with rage, fury, jealousy, etc. 他勃然大怒、 暴跳如雷、 妒火中烧等. * She exploded into loud laughter. 她突然大笑起来. 3 [I] (of a population, etc) increase suddenly or quickly （指人口等）突然或迅速增加: * the exploding world population 激增的世界人口. 4 [Tn] destroy (a theory, an idea, etc) by showing it to be false 破除, 推翻（一理论、 观念等）（揭示其谬误）: * explode a superstition 破除迷信 * The myth that eating carrots improves your eyesight was exploded years ago. 认为吃胡萝卜可以改善视力的海外奇谈, 多年前已祛除殆尽. 复合： ex,ploded `diagram one showing the parts of a structure in their relative positions but slightly separated from each other 分解图.

exploit
1[5eksplCit; 5eksplCit] n [C] brave or adventurous deed or action 英勇的或冒险的行为或事迹: * The daring exploits of the parachutists were much admired. 跳伞者大胆的冒险动作令人赞叹不已. * (joc 谑) I'm not interested in hearing about Bill's amorous exploits. 我没兴 趣听比尔那些色胆包天的事. =>Usage at act1 用法见act1.

explore
[ik'splC:(r); ik'splCr] v 1 [I, Tn] travel into or through (a place, esp a country) in order to learn about it 踏勘; 勘探; 探测; 在（一地方, 尤指一国家）探险, 考察: * explore the Arctic regions 到北极地区探险 * Columbus discovered America but did not explore the new continent. 哥伦布发现了美洲, 但没有考察这块新大陆. * explore a castle 探察一城堡 * As soon as they arrived in the town they went out to explore. 他们一到这座城镇就出外查看周围环境. 2 [Tn] examine (sth) thoroughly in order to test or find out about it （为测试或了解）仔细检查（某事物）; 探索; 探究: * explore one's conscience 良心省察 * We explored several solutions to the problem. 我们探讨了几种解决该问题的方法. 派生： exploration[7eksplE'reiFn; 7eksplE'reFEn] n 1 [U] activity of exploring 勘探; 探测; 探索; 探究: * the exploration of space 对宇宙空间的探索 * a voyage of exploration 探险航行 * detailed exploration of a subject 对一题目的详细探讨. 2 [C] instance of this 勘探; 探测; 探索; 探究: * in the course of his explorations of the country 在他对该国进行探索的过程中 * an exploration of the subconscious mind 对潜意识的探索. exploratory/ik'splCrEtri; - -tC:ri; ik'splCrE7tCri] adj for the purpose of finding out sth 勘探的; 探测的; 探索的: * exploratory medical tests 探索性的医学试验 * an exploratory expedition up the Amazon river 沿亚马孙河逆流而上的探险旅程. explorer/ik'splC:rE(r); ik'splCrl] n person who explores 勘探者; 探测者; 探险者; 探索者; 探究者: * Christopher Columbus was one of the great explorers. 克里斯托弗．哥伦布是伟大的探险家.

explosion
[ik'splEuVn; ik'sploVEn] n 1 (a) (loud noise caused by) sudden and violent bursting; exploding 爆裂（声）; 爆炸（声）: * a bomb explosion 炸弹爆炸 * gas explosions 气体爆炸 * The explosion was heard a mile away. 那爆炸声一英里外都可听到. (b) sudden outburst (of anger, laughter, etc) （愤怒、 笑声等的）迸发: * an explosion of rage 大发雷霆. 2 great and sudden increase 激增: * a population explosion 人口激增 * the explosion of oil prices 石油价格的急剧上涨.

explosive
[ik'splEusiv; ik'splosiv] adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] 1 likely or easily able to explode 爆炸性的; 易爆炸的: * an explosive mixture of chemicals 爆炸性化学混合物 * explosive materials 爆炸材料 * Hydrogen is highly explosive. 氢极易爆炸. 2 that arouses strong feelings or leads to violent outbursts 使人冲动的; 导致猛烈爆发的: * an explosive situation, issue 一触即发的形势、 极易引起争端的问题 * Politics can be an explosive subject. 政治问题容易引起激烈的争论. * an explosive temper 暴躁的脾气. 派生： explosive n [C] substance that is likely or able to explode 爆炸物; 炸药: Dynamite is an explosive. 炸药是爆炸物. * The bomb was packed with high explosive, ie a substance that explodes with great force. 这炸弹装有烈性炸药. explosively adv.

exponent
[ik'spEunEnt; ik'sponEnt] n 1 person or thing that explains and supports a theory, belief, cause, etc （理论、 信仰、 事业等的）倡导者, 拥护者: * an exponent of free trade 自由贸易的拥护者 * Huxley was an exponent of Darwin's theory of evolution. 赫胥黎是达尔文进化论的鼓吹者. 2 person able to perform skilfully a particular activity （某种活动的）能手: * the most famous exponent of mime 最着名的哑剧表演大师 * She's a practised exponent of the sport of water-skiing. 她是滑水运动健将. 3 (mathematics 数) figure or symbol that shows how many times a quantity must be multiplied by itself 指数; 幂: * In a3, the figure 3 is the exponent. a3中的3是指数. * In xn, the symbol n is the exponent. xn中的n是指数. 派生： exponential[7ekspEu'nenFl; 7ekspo'nenFEl] adj (mathematics 数) 1 of or indicated by an exponent(3) 指数的; 幂的: * 24 is an exponential expression. 24是一个指数式. 2 produced or indicated by multiplying a set of numbers by themselves 由指数产生或表示的: * an exponential function 指数函数 * (fig 比喻) exponential (ie more and more rapid) growth 越来越快的增长 * an exponential curve, eg on a graph indicating population increase 指数曲线（如人口增长示意图上的）. exponentially[-FEli; -FEli] adv: * increase exponentially. 按指数增长.

export
1[5ekspC:t; 5ekspCrt] n 1 [U] (business or action of) exporting 输出, 出口（的业务或活动）: * a ban on the export of gold 禁止黄金出口 * [attrib 作定语] an `export licence 出口许可证 * the `export trade 出口贸易 * `export duties, ie tax paid on exported goods 出口税. 2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] thing exported 出口物; 输出物: * Last year's exports exceeded imports in value. 去年的出口价值超过进口. * What are the chief exports of Botswana? 博茨瓦纳的主要输出品是什麽? Cf 参看 import2.

expose
[ik'spEuz; ik'spoz] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] (a) uncover or make (sth) visible; display 显露或露出（某事物）; 显示: * When he smiled he exposed a set of perfect white teeth. 他笑时露出了一口漂亮的白牙. (b) ~ sth/sb/oneself (to sth) uncover or leave sb/sth/oneself uncovered or unprotected 显露或暴露某人[某事物/自己]; 处於无遮蔽或不受保护的状态: * The soil was washed away by the flood, exposing bare rock. 泥土被洪水冲走, 露出光秃秃的岩石. * expose soldiers to unnecessary risks 使士兵冒不必要的危险 * expose one's skin to the sun 使皮肤暴露於阳光下 * The baby was left exposed to the wind and rain. 婴儿被离弃於风雨之中. * (fig 比喻) expose oneself to criticism, ridicule, mockery, etc 遭受批评、 嘲笑、 嘲弄等. 2 [Tn] (a) make known (sth secret); reveal 揭露（秘密）; 揭穿; 揭发; 揭破; 显露: * expose a plot, project, plan, etc 揭露阴谋、 方案、 计划等 * That unfortunate remark exposed his ignorance of the subject. 他说了那句不妥的话, 暴露了自己对此事的无知. (b) make known (the guilt or wrongdoing) of ( a secretly guilty person) 揭露（某人）的（不为人知的罪恶或过错）; 揭穿; 揭发; 揭破: * expose crime, scandal, injustice, fraud, etc 揭露罪行、 丑闻、 冤假错案、 骗局等 * expose a criminal, an impostor, a culprit, etc 揭露罪犯、 冒名顶替者、 犯错误的人等. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] (in photography) allow light to reach (film, etc) （摄影）使（软片等）曝光: * expose a reel of film 使一卷软片曝光. 4 [Tn] ~ oneself indecently show one's sexual organs in public 猥亵性公开裸露自己的性器官: * An old man was arrested for exposing himself to young children. 有个老头向儿童裸露性器官而遭逮捕. 派生： exposed adj (of a place) not sheltered (from wind, weather, etc) （指地方）无遮蔽的; 不遮挡风雨的: The cottage is in a very exposed position at the top of the hill. 那小屋位於山顶毫无遮蔽之处.

exposition
[7ekspE'ziFn; 7ekspE'ziFEn] n (fml 文) 1 (a) [U] explaining or making clear by giving details 解释; 说明. (b) [C] instance of this; explanation of a theory, plan, etc 解释; 说明; 解说; （理论、 计划等的）讲解: * an exposition of the advantages of nuclear power 对核动力优越性的阐释. 2 [C] exhibition of goods, etc （货物等的）展出; 展览会; 博览会: * an industrial exposition 工业博览会.

expostulate
[ik'spCstFuleit; ik'spastFE7let] v [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb) (on/about sth) (fml 文) make a protest (to sb); reason or argue (with sb), esp to persuade him not to do sth （向某人）提抗议; （与某人）讲道理或争论; （尤指）规劝, 劝戒: * They expostulated with him about the risks involved in his plan. 他们指出他的计划有风险, 劝他放弃. 派生： expostulation/ik7spCstFu'leiFn; ik7spastFE'leFEn] n [U, C] (making a) protest; reasoned persuasion, etc 抗议; 规劝; 劝戒: * My expostulation(s) had no effect. 我提出的劝告毫无作用.

exposure
[ik'spEuVE(r); ik'spoVl] n 1 [U] action of exposing or state of being exposed 显露; 暴露; 揭露; 揭发; 曝光: * Exposure of the body to strong sunlight can be harmful. 身体受烈日曝晒会造成损伤. * The baby died of exposure, ie as a result of being exposed to the weather. 那婴儿因曝露於室外而夭折. * the exposure of his ignorance 他的无知的暴露 * The exposure of the plot against the President probably saved his life. 揭发了反总统的阴谋可能救了他一命. * the exposure of photographic film to light 摄影软片的曝光. 2 [C] instance of exposing or being exposed (expose 2b) 揭露; 揭穿; 揭发; 揭破: * As a result of these exposures (ie facts being made known to the public) several ministers resigned from the government. 这些问题揭发後, 有几个大臣辞职了. 3 action of exposing a film etc to the light （软片等的）曝光 * An exposure of one-hundredth of a second will be enough, ie Exposing the film for that length of time will make a good picture. 曝光百分之一秒就够了. * How many exposures have you got left? ie How many pictures remain on the camera film? 还剩下多少张底片没照? 4 [U] publicity (on television, innewspapers, etc) （电视、 报纸等上的）宣传: * Her new filmhas had a lot of exposure on television recently. 她的新影片最近在电视上做了大量宣传. 复合： ex`posure meter (also light meter) device to measure illumination and to indicate how long a film should be exposed to light 曝光表.

expound
[ik'spaund; ik'spaund] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) (fml 文) explain or make sth clear by giving details 详加解释或详述某事物: * expound a theory 详细解释一理论 * He expounded his views on education to me at great length. 他向我详细讲述了他的教育观点.

express
1[ik'spres; ik'spres] adj [attrib 作定语] 1 going, sent or delivered quickly （进行、 传递或运送）迅速的: * express delivery 快递 * an express letter 快信 * an express messenger 传送快件的信差. 2 clearly and definitely stated; explicit 清楚的; 明确的: * It was his express wish that you have his gold watch after he died. 他的愿望很明确, 死後把金表留给你. 派生： express adv by express delivery; by express train 用快邮递送; 乘快车: The parcel was sent express. 这包裹是用快邮寄的. * travel express 乘快车旅行. expressly adv 1 clearly; definitely 清楚地; 明确地: You were expressly told not to touch my papers. 已经明确地告诉过你不要动我的文件. 2 with a special purpose 特地; 专门: a dictionary expressly compiled for foreign students of English 专为学习英语的外国学生编纂的词典. 复合： ex`pressway (also `throughway) n (US) = motorway: a major accident on the expressway 高速公路上的严重车祸. =>Usage at road 用法见road.

expression
[ik'spreFn; ik'spreFEn] n 1 (a) [U] action or process of expressing (express3 1) 表示; 表达: * She gave expression to her sadness, ie said or showed how sad she was. 她流露出了悲伤之情. * The school encourages free expression in art, drama and creative writing. 学校鼓励师生在艺术、 戏剧和文学创作上自由发挥. * The scenery was beautiful beyond expression, ie too beautiful to describe. 那景色妙不可言. * The poet's anger finds expression (ie a means of expressing itself) in the last line of the poem. 诗人在诗中最後一行把愤怒宣泄出来. (b) [C] (fml 文) instance or example of this 表示; 表达: * expressions of welcome to the queen 对女王欢迎的表示 * They greeted the president with many expressions of pleasure. 他们兴高采烈地欢迎总统. 2 [C] look on a person's face that shows a mood or feeling 神色; 表情: * a happy expression 愉快的神情 * `I don't understand,’ he said, with an expression of complete surprise (on his face). ‘我不明白,’他说时（脸上）显出惊讶的神色. 3 [U] showing feeling for the meaning when playing music or speaking （演奏乐曲或说话时流露出的）感情: * recite a poem with expression 带感情地朗读诗歌 * She puts great expression into her violin playing. 她的小提琴演奏感情充沛. 4 [C] word or phrase 词; 词语: * `Shut up' (meaning `Stop talking') is not a polite expression. ‘闭嘴’（意为‘别说话’）不是礼貌用语. * slang expressions 俚语. 5 [C] (mathematics 数) group of symbols expressing a quantity 式; 表达式: * 3xy2 is a mathematical expression. 3xy2是数学式. 派生： expressionless adj not showing feelings, thoughts, etc （对感情、 思想等）不流露的; 没有表情的; 呆板的: an expressionless face, voice, tone, etc 呆板的面孔、 冷冰冰的声音、 平淡的声调等 * His recitation was almost expressionless. 他的朗诵几乎毫无感情.

expressionism
[ik'spreFEnizEm; ik'spreFEn7izEm] n [U] style of painting, music, drama, film, etc which tries to express the artist's or writer's emotional experience rather than to show the physical world in a realistic way 表现主义. > expressionist[-FEnist; -FEnist] adj, n: * of the expressionist school 表现主义流派的 * an expressionist film 表现主义流派的影片 * He's an expressionist. 他是表现主义者.

expressive
[ik'spresiv; ik'spresiv] adj 1 showing one's feelings or thoughts 表现感情或思想的; 富有表情的: * an expressive face, gesture 富有表情的脸、 姿势 * an expressive piece of music 抒情的乐曲. 2 [pred 作表语] ~ of sth (fml 文) expressing sth 表示或表达某事物: * a cry expressive of pain 表示痛苦的呼叫 * a look expressive of despair 表示绝望的神情. > expressively adv: * He reads his poems very expressively. 他朗诵自己的诗感情充 沛. expressiveness n [U].

expropriate
[eks'prEuprieit; eks'propri7et] v [Tn, Tn.pr] (fml or law 文或律) 1 ~ sth (from sb) (a) take away (property, etc) for public use without payment to the owner 徵用, 没收（财产等）: * The new government expropriated his estate for military purposes. 新政府将他的地产徵作军用. (b) ~ sb (of sth) dispossess sb in this way （以徵用或没收的方式）剥夺某人的（财产等的）所有权: * She was expropriated (of her land). 她的（土地的）所有权已遭剥夺. 2 ~ sth (from sb/sth) take away (property, money, etc) illegally from the owners for one's own use （非法从物主处）取走（财物等）据为己有: * He expropriated the jewels from the bank's safe. 他非法将他人的珠宝从银行保险箱中取走. > expropriation[7eks7prEupri5eiFn; eks7propri5eFEn] n [U, C].

expulsion
[ik'spQlFn; ik'spQlFEn] n ~ (from...) 1 [U] action of expelling or being expelled 驱逐; 开除: * Expulsion from school is a harsh form of punishment. 开除学籍是严厉的惩罚. * [attrib 作定语] an expulsion order, ie an official order expelling a person from a country 驱逐出境令. 2 [C] instance of this 驱逐; 开除: * There have been three expulsions from the school this year. 今年学校已开除了叁名学生.

expunge
[ik'spQndV; ik'spQndV] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) (fml 文) remove or wipe out (words, names, etc) from a list, book, etc （从名单、 书等上）除去、 删除或擦掉（词语、 名字等）: * Her name was expunged from the list. 她的名字已从名册上除掉. * (fig 比喻) He could not expunge the incident from his memory. 他无法忘掉这件事.

expurgate
[5ekspEgeit; 5ekspl7get] v [Tn] remove (what are considered to be) improper or objectionable parts from (a book, etc) 从（书等中）删除（被认为）不当或令人反感的部分: * an expurgated edition of a novel 一部小说的洁本. > expurgation[7ekspE'geiFn;7ekspl'geFEn] n [C, U].

exquisite
[ 5ekskwIzIt, also Ik5skwIzIt; `ZkskwIzIt, Ik`skwI-zIt] adj 1 extremely beautiful or delicate; finely or skilfully made or done 优美的; 优雅的; 精致的; 制作精良的: * (an) exquisite painting 极漂亮的画 * exquisite workmanship 精致的工艺 * an exquisite piece of lace 精美的花边. 2 (fml 文) (a) (of emotion) strongly felt; acute （指感情）感觉强烈的; 剧烈的: * exquisite joy, happiness, etc 极大的愉快、 幸福等 * exquisite pain, agony, etc 剧烈的疼痛、 痛苦等. (b) (of power to feel) delicate; sensitive （指感觉、 感受）敏锐的, 敏感的: * exquisite taste 高尚的趣味 * exquisite sensibility 细腻的感情. > exquisitely adv. exquisiteness n [U].

ext
abbr 缩写 = 1 exterior; external. Cf 参看 int 1. 2 extension (number) (eg of a telephone) 电话分机（号码）: ext 4299 分机号码4299.

extant
[ek'stAnt; - 'ekstEnt; 5ekstEnt] adj (esp of documents, etc) still in existence （尤指文件等）仍然存在的, 现存的: * the earliest extant manuscript of this poem 此诗现存最早的原稿 * an ancient but extant law 一古老的但仍然有效的法律.

extemporaneous
[ek7stempE'reiniEs; ek7stempE'reniEs] adj (fml 文) spoken or done without preparation; extempore 即席的; 无准备的. > extemporaneouslyadv.

extempore
[ek'stempEri; ik'stempEri] adj, adv (spoken or done) without previous thought or preparation; impromptu 无准备的; 即席的: * an extempore speech 即席讲话 * speak extempore, ie without notes 即席发言. 派生： extemporize, -ise/ik'stempEraiz; ik'stempE7raiz] v [I] (fml 文) speak or perform extempore 即席讲话; 即兴表演: * He had to extemporize because he had forgotten to bring his notes. 他因为忘了带讲稿, 只好即席发言. extemporization, -isation/ik7stempErai-'zeiFn; - -ri5z; ik7stempErE'zeFEn] n [U, C].

extend
[ik'stend; ik'stend] v 1 [Tn] make (sth) longer or larger (in space or time) 使（某物）（在空间或时间上）更大, 更长, 伸长, 延长, 延展: * extend a fence, wall, railway, garden 扩建篱笆、 墙、 铁路、 花园 * extend credit, ie prolong the time for payment of a debt 延长信用期限 * Can you extend your visit a few days longer? 你能多停留几天吗? 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] lay or stretch out (the body or a limb) at full length 伸展, 舒展（肢体）: * The gymnast extended her arms horizontally. 那女子体操运动员双臂平伸. * The bird extended its wings in flight. 那鸟展翅飞翔. * He extended his hand to (ie offered to shake hands with) the new employee. 他主动与新雇员握手. 3 [Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) offer or give sth 提供或给予某事物: * They extended the Queen a warm welcome. 他们热烈欢迎女王. * extend hospitality, an invitation, a greeting to sb 款待、 邀请、 问候某人 * They extended a warm welcome to her. 他们向她表示热烈欢迎. 4 [In/pr] (of space, land, time, etc) reach or stretch; be continuous （指空间、 土地、 时间等）达到, 伸展, 伸延: * The road extends for miles and miles. 这条路向远处绵延伸展. * My garden extends as far as the river. 我的花园一直伸展到河边. 5 [Tn, Tn.pr] cause (sth) to reach or stretch 使（某物）达到或伸展: * extend the ladder 将梯子伸长 * extend a cable between two posts 在两根柱子间拉一条缆绳. 6 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] use or stretch the abilities or powers of (oneself, a person or an animal) to the greatest possible degree 使（自己、 某人或某动物）竭尽全力: * Jim didn't really have to extend himself in the examination. 吉姆这次考试大可不必那麽拼命. * The horse was fully extended by the long ride up the mountain. 那匹马长途爬山已用尽力气了. 复合： extended `family family structure (as in parts of Africa) where uncles, aunts and cousins are regarded as close relatives, with an obligation to help and support each other extension /// /ik'stenFn; ik'stenFEn] n 1 [U] process or action of extending (extend 1,2,3); state of being extended 伸长; 延长; 延展; 伸展; 提供; 给予: * The extension of the garden will take several weeks. 扩建花园需要几个星期. * the extension of scientific knowledge 科学知识的普及 * the extension of a warm welcome 给予热烈的欢迎. 2 [C] (a) ~ (to sth) added part; addition; enlargement 增加的部分; 增加; 扩大: * build an extension to a hospital 扩建一医院 * Our extension is nearly finished. 我们的扩建部分已接近完工. (b) ~ (of sth) additional period of time 增加的一段时间; 延长期: * an extension of one's summer holidays 暑假的延长 * get an extension (of time), eg for paying a debt 获得延期（如偿债的宽限期） * He's got an extension to finish writing his thesis. 他获准延期交论文. 3 [C] telephone line leading from the main phone or switchboard to another room or office in a (large) building; its number 电话分机; 分机号码: * There are telephone extensions in every office. 每间办公室都有电话分机. * She has an extension in the kitchen and in the bedroom. 她的厨房和卧室都有电话分机. * `Extension 326, please.’ ‘请接326号分机.’ 4 [U] (medical or fml 医或文) (a) action of stretching out a limb or finger （四肢或手指的）伸展: * Extension of the injured arm was painful. 把受伤的胳膊伸展开是很疼的. (b) its position when stretched out 伸展开的姿势: * The leg is now at full extension. 现在腿已伸直.

extensive
[ik'stensiv; ik'stensiv] adj 1 large in area; extending far 广大的; 广阔的: * an extensive view 广阔的视野 * extensive farming 粗放的耕作 * the extensive grounds of a country house 农舍的宽敞庭院. 2 large in amount; wide-ranging 大量的; 广泛的: * extensive alterations to a building 对一建 物大规模的改建 * Her knowledge of the subject is extensive. 她这方面的学识很渊博. > extensively adv: * He has travelled extensively in Europe. 他遍游欧洲各地. extensiveness n [U] (fml 文): * The extensiveness of his knowledge surprised them. 他知识广博使他们很惊奇.

extent
[ik'stent; ik'stent] n 1 [U] length; area; range 长度; 面积; 范围: * From the roof we could see the full extent of the park. 我们从屋顶可以一览公园的全景. * I was amazed at the extent of his knowledge. 我对他知识的渊博感到惊奇. * The new race track is nearly six miles in extent. 这条新跑道将近六英里长. 2 (idm 习语) to some, what, such an, a certain, etc extent to the degree specified 达到某程度: To some extent you are correct. 在某种程度上你是正确的. * To what extent can he be believed? 可以相信他到什麽程度? * The carpet was badly stained, to such an extent that (ie so much that) you couldn't tell its original colour. 这块地毯已经脏得辨认不出原来的颜色了. * I agree with you to a certain extent, but... 我在一定程度上同意你的意见, 但... * He's in debt to the extent of 200. 他负债达200英镑.

extenuate
[ik'stenjueit; ik'stenju7et] v [Tn] (fml esp law 文, 尤用於法律) make (wrongdoing) less serious (by providing an excuse) （提出藉口或理由）使（罪过）的严重性减轻: * Nothing can extenuate such appalling behaviour. 这种骇人听闻的行径罪无可恕. * Because of extenuating circumstances (ie facts taken into consideration that might be regarded as an excuse), the court acquitted him of the crime. 因考虑到情有可原, 法庭判他无罪. 派生： extenuation/ik7stenju'eiFn; ik7stenju'eFEn] n (fml 文) [U] action of extenuating; being extenuated 减轻罪责: * He pleaded poverty in extenuation of (ie as an excuse for) the theft. 他以贫穷为藉口请求为他犯的偷窃罪从轻量刑.

exterior
[ik'stiEriE(r); ik'stiril] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] on or coming from the outside; outer 外部的; 外来的; 外出的; 外面的; 外表的; 外界的: * paint the exterior walls of a house 给房子的外墙刷油漆 * exterior features of a building 建 物的外观. Cf 参看 interior. 派生： exterior n 1 [sing] outward appearance or surface; outside 外貌; 外表; 外面; 外部: The exterior of the building is very unattractive. 这建 物的外观很不起眼. * a gentle man with a rough exterior 外貌粗拙而性情温和的男子. 2 [C] scene set outside in a painting or play （绘画或戏剧的）外景.

exterminate
[ik'stE:mineit; ik'stEmE7net] v [Tn] destroy completely (a race or group of people or animals); wipe out 彻底毁灭（一种族、 一群人或动物）; 消灭; 根除; 灭绝: * exterminate all the inhabitants of the village 灭绝村中所有的生灵 * exterminate rats to prevent the spread of disease 为防止疾病传播而灭鼠.> extermination/ik7stE:mi'neiFn; iks7tEmE'neFEn] n [U].

external
[ik'stE:nl; ik'stEnl] adj 1 (of or for the) outside; situated on the outside of sth (esp the body) 外面的; 为外面的; 位於某物（尤指身体）外表的: * for external use only, eg on a label on a skin cream 仅供外用（如皮肤膏的标记） * All his injuries are external, ie He hasn't been injured inside the body. 他受的伤都是外伤. 2 coming from outside (a place, sb's mind, etc) 来自（某地、 某人思想意识等）外部的: * a tribe hardly affected by external influences 几乎没受过外来影响的部落 * This news programme only covers external events, ie foreignnews. 这一新闻节目只报道国外消息. Cf 参看 internal. 派生： external n 1 [C] (infml 口) = external examiner. 2 externals [pl] (fml 文) outward features or appearances 外观; 外貌: Do not judge people by externals alone. 不能仅以貌取人. * the externals of religion, ie acts and ceremonies (contrasted with inner and spiritual aspects) 宗教的外在形式（宗教行为和仪式, 区别於内在的和精神的方面）. externalize, -ise[-nElaiz; -nl7aiz] v [Tn] (fml 文) make (sth) external 使（某事物）表面化: * externalize one's thoughts, emotions, etc 使思想、 感情等表露出来. externally/ik'stE:nEli; ik'stEnli] adv. 复合： ex,ternal `evidence evidence obtained from independent sources, not from what is being examined 外证. ex,ternal exami`nation examination arranged by authorities outside the school, college, etc of the person(s) taking the examination 校外考试（由校外专家前来主持的考试）. ex,ternal e`xaminer (also external) person who conducts an external examination 校外主考人.

extinct
[ik'stiNkt; ik'stiNkt] adj 1 (esp of a type of animal, etc) no longer in existence （尤指某种动物等）不再存在的; 绝种的; 灭绝的: * an extinct species 已灭绝的物种 * If we continue to destroy the countryside many more animals will become extinct. 我们若继续破坏自然环境, 将会有更多的动物绝种. 2 (a) (of a volcano) no longer active （指火山）不再活跃的, 熄灭的, 死的. (b) (fig rhet 比喻, 修辞) (of feelings, beliefs, etc) dead （指感情、 信仰等）消逝的, 破灭的: * Nothing could rekindle her extinct passion. 她激情已逝, 无从心回意转.

extinction
[ik'stiNkFn; ik'stiNkFEn] n [U] 1 action of making extinct; state of being extinct 灭绝; 绝种: * We may live to see the extinction of the whale. 人类或许能亲眼见到鲸的灭绝. * a tribe threatened by/with extinction 受到绝种威胁的部落. 2 (fml 文) act of extinguishing 熄灭: * the extinction of a fire, a political movement, youthful hopes 火的熄灭、 政治运动的平息、 青年人希望的幻灭.

extinguish
[ik'stiNgwiF; ik'stiNgwiF] v [Tn] 1 (a) cause (sth) to stop burning; put out 使（某物）熄灭; 扑灭: * Please extinguish your cigarettes. 请将香烟熄灭. * They tried to extinguish the flames. 他们竭力要把火焰扑灭. (b) (fig fml 比喻, 文) end the existence of (hope, love, passion, etc) 使（希望、 爱情、 激情等）不复存在: * His behaviour extinguished the last traces of affection she had for him. 他的这种行为使她对他的最後一丝爱慕之情荡然无存. 2 clear or pay off (a debt) 清偿（债务）.> extinguisher = fire extinguisher (fire).

extirpate
[5ekstEpeit; 5ekstl7pet] v [Tn] (fml 文) remove or destroy (sth) completely 根除或铲除（某事物）: * extirpate social evils 根除社会弊端 *extirpate dissent, opposition, etc 清除异端、 对立面等. > extirpation[7ekstE'peiFn; 7ekstl'peFEn] n [U].

extol
[ik'stEul; ik'stol] v (-ll-) [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.n/a] ~sb (as sth) (fml 文) praise (sb/sth) highly 赞颂, 颂扬（某人[某事物]）: * extol the merits of small businesses 赞扬小企业的优点 * extol sb's virtues to the skies, ie greatly 把某人的美德捧上天 * extol sb as a hero 把某人当作英雄来歌颂.

extort
[ik'stC:t; ik'stCrt] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sb) obtain sth by violence, threats, etc 强夺; 强抢; 勒索; 敲诈: * extort money from sb 勒索某人的金钱 * The police used torture to extort a confession from him. 警方对他严刑逼供. 派生： extortion/ik'stC:FEn; ik'stCrFEn] n 1 [U] action of extorting 强夺; 强抢; 勒索; 敲诈: * obtain money by extortion 勒索金钱. 2 [C] instance of this 强夺; 强抢;勒索; 敲诈. extortioner[-FEnE(r); -FEnl] , extortionist[-FEnIst; -FEnIst/ ns person who extorts 强夺者; 强抢者; 勒索者; 敲诈者: * [attrib 作定语] extortionist methods 敲诈勒索的手段.

extortionate
[ik'stC:FEnEt; ik'stCrFEnit] adj (derog 贬) (of demands, prices) much too great or high; excessive （指要求、 价格）过大的, 过高的, 过多的, 过分的: * The prices in this shop are extortionate. 这家商店价格过高. * They are asking an extortionate amount of money for their house. 他们的房子要价太高. > extortionately adv: * They charged me extortionately for a simple job. 他们为一件简单的工作敲我竹 .

extra
[5ekstrE; 5ekstrE] adj more than or beyond what is usual, expected or necessary; additional 额外的; 外加的; 附加的: * extra pay for extra work 额外工作的额外报酬 * buy an extra pint of milk 再买一品脱牛奶 * The bus company provided extra buses because there were so many people. 因为人太多, 公共汽车公司派出了加车. * The football match went into extra time, eg because of injury to players or a drawn score. 这场足球赛进入加时赛（如因运动员受伤或因比分持平）. 派生： extra adv 1 more than usually 超过一般地; 特别地; 格外; 分外: an extra strong box 加固的箱子 * extra fine quality 特别好的质量. 2 in addition 额外; 外加; 除外: 20% extra 外加20% * price 1.30, packing and postage extra 价格1.30英镑, 包装和邮费另计. extra n 1 extra thing; thing that costs extra 额外的事物; 另外收费的事物: Her school fees are 440 a term; music and dancing are extras. 她的学费是每学期440英镑, 音乐和舞蹈课另外收费. 2 (in cinema, TV, etc) person employed and paid (usu by the day) for a minor part, eg in a crowd scene （电影、 电视等的）临时演员（如扮演群众者）: We need hundreds of extras for the battle scenes. 我们拍战斗场面需要上百的临时演员. 3 (in cricket) run scored otherwise than from a hit by the bat （板球的）额外得分（非击球所得的分）. 4 special edition of a newspaper containing special or later news （报纸的）号外: a late night extra 晚间号外.

extract
[ik'strAkt; ik'strAkt] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sb/sth) 1 (a) take or get sth out, usu with effort or by force 取出; 拔出: * extract a cork from a bottle 拔出瓶塞 * have a tooth extracted 拔牙. (b) obtain (money, information, etc) usu from a person unwilling to give it 获取（钱、 消息等）（通常指获自不愿给予者）; 强索: * extract a contribution from everyone 硬要大家捐献 * The police finally extracted the information after hours of questioning. 警方经数小时盘问, 终於套得这一情报. * It took me days to extract the truth from her. 我用了几天时间才从她那儿打探出事实真相. 2 obtain (juices, etc) by crushing, pressing, etc 压出, 榨出（汁液等）: * extract juice from oranges 榨出橙子汁 * extract oil from olives, sunflower seeds, etc 榨出橄榄、 葵花籽等的油. 3 select and present (passages, examples, words, etc) from a book, speech, etc 从书、 讲话等中选取（段落, 例子, 词句等）; 摘录; 选录: * poems extracted from a modern collection 由一本当代诗集中摘选的诗篇 * She extracted passages for the students to translate. 她选了些短文让学生翻译. 派生： extract[5ekstrAkt; 5ekstrAkt] n 1 [U, C] substance that has been extracted (extract 2) and concentrated 榨出物; 浓缩物; 精; 汁: * beef extract 浓缩的牛肉汁 * extract of malt 麦芽精 * yeast extract, ie a savoury spread 酵母萃. 2 [C] passage selected (from a poem, book, film, piece of music, etc) （从诗歌、 书、 电影、 乐曲等）精选的段落; 摘录; 选录; 选曲: * a short extract from a piano sonata 钢琴奏鸣曲的选曲 * an extract from a long poem 长诗选萃 * She read out extracts from his letters. 她从他的信中挑了几段念出. extraction/ik'strAkFn; ik'strAkFEn] n 1 (a) [U] action of extracting (extract 1a) 取出; 拔出; 强索: * the extraction of a tooth 拔牙 * the extraction of financial contributions 硬性摊派捐款

extract1
* the extraction of information extradite /// [5ekstrEdait; 5ekstrE7dait] v [Tn] 1 give up or send back (sb accused or convicted of a crime) to the country where the crime was (said to be) committed 引渡（被告或罪犯）: * The Spanish police have refused to extradite a man wanted for a bank robbery in France. 西班牙警方拒绝引渡一个在法国抢劫银行而被通缉的人. 2 obtain (such a person) for trial or punishment 获得（被告或罪犯）的引渡. > extradition[7ekstrE'diFn;7ekstrE'diFEn] n [C, U]: * the extradition of war criminals 对战犯的引渡.

extramural
[7ekstrE'mjuErEl; 7ekstrE'mjurEl] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] 1 (of university teaching, courses, etc) for people who are not full-time residential members of a university （指大学教学、 课程等）为校外学生的: * extramural studies, lectures, courses, students 大学校外课程的学习、 大学校外课程的授课、 大学的校外课程、 大学校外课程部的学生 * the extramural department of a university 大学的校外课程部. 2 (of work, etc) not done as part of one's official (paid) duties （指工作等）业馀的: * on an extramural basis 在业馀的基础上.

extraneous
[ik'streiniEs; ik'streniEs] adj ~ (to sth) 1 not belonging to or directly connected with the subject or matter being dealt with 与正题无关的: * extraneous information 无关的消息 * extraneous material in a book 书中的题外资料. 2 coming from outside 来自外部的; 外来的: * extraneous interference 外来的干涉.

extraordinary
[ik'strC:dnri; - -dEneri; ik'strCrdn7eri] adj 1 beyond what is ordinary; very unusual; remarkable 不平常的; 不普通的; 非常的; 格外的: * Her talents are quite extraordinary. 她才华出众. * extraordinary weather for the time of year 一年中某段时间的反常天气 * an extraordinary film about a highly gifted child 关於一个天赋极高的孩子的出色影片. 2 [attrib 作定语] (fml 文) (of arrangements, meetings, etc) additional to what is usual or ordinary （指安排、 会议等）特别的: * an extraordinary general meeting 特别全会. 3 (used immediately after a n 紧接名词之後) (fml 文) (of an official) specially employed; additional to the usual one （指官员）特命的, 特派的: * envoy/ambassador extraordinary 特使[特派大使]. > extraordinarily/ik'strC:dnrEli; - -dEnerEli; ik'strCrdn7erEli] adv: * extraordinarily beautiful, thoughtful, rude 特别美丽的、 周到的、 粗野的.

extrapolate
[ik'strApEleit; ik'strApE7let] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) (fml 文) 1 (mathematics 数) calculate (an unknown quantity) approximately from known values or measurements （从已知的值或量）推算出（未知的量）; 外推. 2 estimate (sth unknown) from facts that are already known 由已知事实估计（未知事物）; 推断; 推知: * One can extrapolate the size of the building from the measurements of an average room.从一间屋子的量度可以推断出整座建 物的大小.> extrapolation/ik7strApE'leiFn; ik'strApE7leFEn] n [U] ~ (from sth) (fml 文): * He estimated his income tax bill by extrapolation from figures submitted in previous years. 他从前几年的报税数字推算出自己应缴的所得税数额. =>illus at chart见chart之插图.

extraterrestrial
[7ekstrEtE'restriEl; 7ekstrEtE'restriEl] adj of or from outside the earth and its atmosphere 地球和大气层外的; 来自天外的: * extraterrestrial life, beings, forces 地球外的生命、 生物、 力量.

extraterritorial
[7ekstrE7teri5tC:riEl; 7ekstrE7terE'tCriEl] (also exterritorial/eks7teri5tC:riEl; 7eksteri5tCriEl] ) adj (fml 文) (of an ambassador, etc) free from the laws of the country in which one lives （指大使等）不受所在国法律约束的, 治外法权的: * extraterritorial rights and privileges 治外法权及其特权.

extravagant
[ik'strAvEgEnt; ik'strAvEgEnt] adj 1 (in the habit of) using or spending too much; (of actions) showing this tendency （惯於）奢侈的, 挥霍的; （指行为）放纵的: * an extravagant man 挥霍无度的人 * extravagant tastes and habits 奢侈的嗜好和习惯 * an extravagant use of natural resources 自然资源的滥用. 2 (of ideas, speech or behaviour) going beyond what is reasonable, usual or necessary （指想法、 言行）放肆的, 越轨的, 过度的: * extravagant praise, behaviour, claims 过分的赞扬、 放肆的行为、 过高的要求 * pay extravagant compliments 过分夸奖. 派生： extravagance[-gEns; -gEns] n 1 [U] being extravagant(1) 奢侈; 挥霍: * His extravagance explains why he is always in debt. 他挥霍无度, 难怪总欠债. 2 [C] extravagant thing, act, statement, etc 奢侈品; 放纵的言行等: * I do not regard books as extravagances. 我认为书不是侈奢品. extravagantly adv: extravagantly dressed 衣着奢侈.

extravaganza
[ik7strAvE'gnzE; ik7strAvE'gAnzE] n entertainment with elaborate and colourful costumes, scenery, etc （带有华丽服装、 场景等的）娱乐表演: * a costly musical extravaganza on television 电视上播出的 大场面音乐节目.

extreme
[ik'stri:m; ik'strim] adj 1 [attrib 作定语] as far away as possible (esp from the centre or beginning); remote 尽可能远的（尤指距中心或起点）; 遥远的; 久远的: * in the extreme north of a country 在一国的最北部 * the extreme edge of the forest 森林最远的边缘 * in extreme old age 极高的年龄. 2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] of the highest degree or intensity; greatest possible 程度或强度最高的; 最大可能的; 极度的: * show extreme patience, kindness, gentleness, etc 表现出极为耐心、 和蔼、 温柔等 * in extreme pain 在极度的痛苦中 * (fml 文) The extreme penalty of the law in some countries is the death penalty. 有些国家的极刑是死刑. 3 (often derog 常作贬义) (of people and their opinions) far from moderate （指人和意见）偏激的, 极端的: * hold extreme views 持偏激观点 * a supporter of the extreme left/right, ie a person who supports communism/fascism 极左[右]思想的拥护者（拥护共产主义[法西斯主义]的人） * His ideas are too extreme for me. 我认为他的思想太偏激了. 派生： extreme n [C usu pl 通常作复数] 1 feeling, condition, etc as far apart or as different from another as possible 极端不同的感情、 状况等: the extremes of misery and bliss 悲惨与极乐天壤之别的境遇 * Love and hate are extremes of passion. 爱与恨是感情的两个极端. * He was once terribly shy but now he's gone to the opposite extreme. 他以前特别 腆, 可现在却判若两人. 2 greatest or highest degree; either end of anything 最大程度; 最高程度; 极端: He could not tolerate the extremes of heat in the desert. 他忍受不住沙漠的酷热. 3 (idm 习语) go, etc to ex`tremes act or be forced to act in a way that is far from moderate or normal 走极端: In the jungle, they were driven to extremes in order to survive. 在丛林中, 他们为了生存被迫采取极端行动. in the ex`treme (fml 文) to the highest degree; extremely 极端; 极度: This is inconvenient in the extreme. 这极不方便.

extreme1
extremely adv (with adjs and advs 与形容词和副词连用) to a very high degree 极端; 极其; 非常: That's extremely interesting. 那极为有趣. * I'm extremely sorry for the delay. 对此延误, 我深感抱歉. extremist n (usu derog 通常作贬义) person who holds extreme(3) views (esp in politics) （尤指政治上）偏激的人, 极端主义者: When it comes to talking about patriotism, he's an extremist. 一谈到爱国主义, 他就很偏激. * [attrib 作定语] extremist policies 极端主义的政策. extremism n [U] holding of such views 极端主义: The council was often accused of extremism. 人们常抨击该委员会是极端主义. * the extremism of some feminists 有些女权主义者所持的极端主义观点. extremity/ik'stremEti; ik'stremEti] n 1 (a) [C] (fml 文) furthest point, end or limit of sth 极端; 末端; 极限; 尽头: * the extremities of the world 世界的尽头. (b) extremities [pl] furthest parts of the human body, eg hands and feet （人的）肢体（如手和足）: * Cold affects the extremities first. 手和脚最先感到寒冷. 2 [sing] (fml 文) extreme degree (esp of misery, suffering, etc); great misfortune or distress 极度（尤指悲惨、 痛苦等）; 极大的不幸或危难: * reach an extremity of despair 绝望已极 * How can we help them in their extremity? 我们怎样帮助他们摆脱困境呢? 3 [C usu pl 通常作复数] (fml 文) exceptionally cruel or violent behaviour 极端残暴的行为: * Both armies were guilty of extremities. 两军都犯有残暴的罪行.

extricate
[5ekstrikeit; 5ekstri7ket] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (from sth) (fml 文) set sb/sth free; release sb/sth 解脱某人[某物]; 释放某人[某物]: * The bird had to be extricated from the netting. 要把小鸟从网中救出. * extricate oneself from an unhappy love affair 使自己摆脱不快的爱情纠葛.

extrinsic
[ek'strinsik; ek'strinsik] adj ~ (to sth) (fml 文) (of qualities, values, etc) not belonging to or part of the real nature of a person or thing; coming from outside （指性质、 价值等）非固有的, 外来的, 外在的: * extrinsic facts 非本质的事实 * information extrinsic to the situation 与局势无关的消息. Cf 参看 intrinsic.

extrovert
[5ekstrEvE:t; 5ekstrE7vEt] n 1 person more interested in what is happening around him than in his own thoughts and emotions 性格外向的人; 性格外倾的人: * Extroverts prefer lively conversation to brooding on the meaning of life. 性格外向的人喜欢高谈阔论, 而不愿思索人生的意义. 2 (infml 口) lively, cheerful and sociable person 活跃、 愉快、 爱交际的人: * She's a good person to invite to a party because she's such an extrovert. 最好把她邀来参加聚会, 因为她很爱交际. * [attrib 作定语] extrovert behaviour 性格外向的举止. Cf 参看 introvert. 派生： extroversion[7ekstrE'vE:Fn; - 'vE:rVn;7ekstrE'vEVEn] n [U] (fml 文) state of being extroverted 外向性; 外倾.

extrude
[ik'stru:d; ik'strud] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) (fml 文) 1 force or squeeze out sth under pressure 压出, 挤出, 逐出（某物）: * extrude glue from a tube 从管里挤出胶水. 2 shape (metal, plastic, etc) by forcing it through a die （通过模具）将（金属、 塑料等）挤压成形: * nylon extruded as very thin fibres 挤压而成的细尼龙纤维. > extrusion/ik'stru:Vn; ik'struVEn] n [C, U] (fml 文).

exuberant
[ig'zju:bErEnt; - -'zu:-; ig'zubErEnt] adj 1 (esp of people and their behaviour) overflowing with happiness and excitement; very lively and cheerful （尤指人和行为）兴高采烈的, 活跃的, 愉快的: * exuberant children at a fair 在游乐场上兴高采烈的儿童 * She gave an exuberant account of the party. 她生动地介绍了那一聚会的情形. 2 (of plants, etc) growing vigorously; luxuriant （指植物等）茁壮的, 茂盛的; 繁茂的: * plants with exuberant foliage 枝叶扶疏的植物 * (fig 比喻) an exuberant imagination 丰富的想像力. 派生： exuberance[-rEns; -rEns] n [U] state or quality of being exuberant 兴高采烈; 活跃; 愉快; 茁壮; 茂盛: * the natural exuberance of young children 幼儿固有的活泼 * The speaker's exuberance enlivened a boring conference. 讲演者谈笑风生, 使死气沉沉的会议顿添生气. exuberantly adv.

exude
[ig'zju:d; - -'zu:d; ig'zud] v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] (fml 文) ~ (sth) (from/through sth) (of drops of liquid, etc) come or pass out slowly; ooze out （指液滴等）缓慢流出, 渗出, 分泌出: * Sweat exudes through the pores. 汗从毛孔中渗出. * The hot sun made him exude sweat. 烈日晒得他汗流浃背. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] give out or radiate an air or feeling of (sth) 流露出对（某事物）的神态或感情: * exude cheerfulness 流露出愉快的神情 * He exudes confidence and energy. 他信心十足、 精力充沛. > exudation[7eksju:'deiFn; - 7eksu:-; 7eksu'deFEn] n [U] (fml 文).

exult
[ig'zQlt; ig'zQlt] v (fml 文) [I, Ipr, It] ~ (at/in sth) get great pleasure from sth; rejoice greatly 从某事物中获得巨大的快乐; 狂喜: * exult at her sister's success 对她姐姐的成功欣喜若狂 * He obviously exulted in winning. 他获胜後喜形於色. * exulting to find that one has succeeded 对自己的成功欢欣鼓舞. > exultant[-Ent; -nt/ adj ~ (at sth) exulting; triumphant 欢欣的; 狂喜的; 欢跃的: * an exultant shout of victory 胜利的欢呼声 * exultant at one's success 为自己的成功而欢欣鼓舞. exultantly adv: * exultantly proud 扬扬得意. exultation[7egzQl'teiFn; 7egzQl'teFEn] n [U] ~ (at sth) great happiness 狂喜; 大喜; 欢跃; 得意: * the exultaion of the winner 获胜者的欢欣雀跃.

eye
1[ai; ai] n 1 (a) organ of sight 眼睛: * I can't see out of this eye. 我这只眼看不见东西. * She opened/closed her eyes. 她睁开[闭上]眼睛. * He is blind in one eye. 他有一只眼失明. * He lost an eye in the war. 他在战争中瞎了一只眼睛. * [attrib 作定语] The surgeon is performing an eye operation. 医师正在做眼科手术. =>illus 见插图. (b) visible coloured part of this; iris 虹膜: * have blue eyes 有蓝眼睛. 2 power of seeing; observation 视力; 眼力: * She has sharp eyes, ie very good eyesight. 她视力极好. * To her expert eye, the painting was terrible. 她以内行的眼光看, 这幅画糟透了. * His eyes fell upon (ie he saw) an advertisement in the magazine. 他看到杂志上的一则广告上. 3 thing like an eye 似眼之物; 眼状物: * the eye of a needle, ie the hole for the thread 针鼻儿（针上引线的孔） * a hook and eye, ie fastening with a hook and loop for a dress, etc 一副钩扣（系衣服的钩与环） * the eye of a potato, ie point from which a leaf bud will grow 马铃薯的芽眼 4 (idm 习语) a bird's eye view =>bird. the apple of sb's eye =>apple. as far as the eye can see far2. be all `eyes be watching intently 目不转睛地看; 全神贯注地看: The children were all eyes as we opened the parcel. 孩子们目不转睛地看着我们把包裹打开. cast an eye/one's eye(s) over sb/sth =>cast1. catch sb's attention/eye =>catch1. clap/lay/set eyes on sb/sth see sb/sth 看见某人[某物]: I disliked the place the moment I clapped eyes on it. 我一看见这个地方就讨厌. * I hope I never set eyes on him again. 我希望再也不要见到他了. close one's eyes to sth =>close4. cry one's eyes/heart out =>cry1. do sb in the `eye (infml 口) hurt or humiliate sb 伤害某人; 羞辱某人: He certainly did his colleagues in the eye when he got the boss's approval. 他得到老板的夸奖, 确也得罪了同事. easy on the ear/eye =>easy1. the evil eye =>evil. an ,eye for an `eye a punishment as severe as the injury that was suffered; retaliation 以眼还眼; 报复: The death penalty for murder works on the principle of an eye for an eye. 犯谋杀罪处以死刑, 其原则是一命抵一命. the eye of the `storm a relatively calm spot in the centre of a storm, esp a hurricane 台风眼. the eye of the `wind (also the wind's `eye) point from which the wind is blowing 起风处; 风眼. sb's eyes are bigger than his `stomach (saying 谚) someone is too greedy in asking for or taking more food than he can eat 眼大肚小; 眼馋肚饱. eyes `right/`left/`front (as a military command) turn the head and look to the right, etc （用作军令）向右看齐[向左看齐/向前看]. feast one's eyes =>feast. find/lose favour with sb/in sb's eyes =>favour1. for `sb's eyes only only to be looked at, read, etc by the person specified 只给所指定的人看、 读等: The top secret file was marked `For the President's eyes only'. 在绝密档案上标有‘只供总统亲阅’字样. get one's `eye/`hand in (in ball games) become able, through practice, to follow with one's eyes the movement of the ball/to hit the ball accurately （在球戏中）通过锻炼能用眼跟上球的动向[准确击球]: Now that she's got her eye in she plays an excellent game of tennis. 她已能盯住球了, 所以网球打得很好. give sb/get the

eye1
(glad) `eye (infml 口) give sb/get inviting or amorous looks 向某人传送[看到传来的]诱人的或多情的眼色; 抛媚眼; 送秋波: The woman at the next table was giving him the glad eye. 坐在旁边桌子那儿的女子向他抛媚眼. glance one's eye down/over/through sth =>glance. a gleam in sb's eye =>gleam. have an eye for sth be a good judge of or have a proper sense of sth 对某事物有判断力或鉴赏力; 有眼力; 有眼光: He has an eye for a bargain. 他识便宜货. have eyes in the back of one's `head observe everything (without seeming to do so) 脑袋後边长着眼睛; （留意到一切而不露声色）: How did you know I was behind you? You must have eyes in the back of your head. 你怎麽知道我在你後边? 你脑袋後面准是长眼睛了吧. have/with an eye to sth/doing sth have/having sth as one's aim or purpose 将某事作为自己的目标或目的: He always has an eye to business, ie looks for a chance of doing business. 他总是找机会做生意. * He kept the customer talking with an eye to selling him something else. 他引着顾客说个不停, 想再卖给人家一些别的东西. have/with an eye for/on/to the main `chance look/looking for an opportunity for personal gain (esp to make money) 找便宜（尤指赚钱） have, etc one's eyes on stalks be looking at sth with fascination, astonishment, etc 着迷地、 惊奇地...看着某事物 have a roving eye =>rove. hit sb in the eye =>hit. if you had half an eye if you were not so dull and unobservant 假如你不是瞎了眼睛; 你要是稍微留意一下 in the eyes of the `law, `world, etc from the point of view of the law, etc; as the law, etc sees it 从法律等的角度看; 就法律等的观点而言: In the eyes of the law she is guilty though few ordinary people would think so. 从法律上说, 她有罪; 但一般人不见得这麽看. in the eyes of `sb/in `sb's eyes in the opinion or estimation of sb 在某人的心目中; 在某人看来: In your father's eyes you're still a child. 在你父亲的眼里你仍是个孩子. in one's mind's eye =>mind1. in the public eye =>public. in the twinkling of an eye =>twinkle. keep a close eye/watch on sb/sth =>close1. keep an `eye on sb/sth make sure that sb/sth is safe, etc; look after sb/sth 照料某人[某事物]: Keep an eye on the baby. 照看一下这个婴儿.

eye2
* Could you keep an eye on my suitcase for a moment? 你能给我照管一会儿手提箱吗? keep an eye open/out (for sb/sth) (infml 口) watch for sb/sth; look out for sb/sth 留心或注意某人[某事物]: I've lost my ring could you keep an eye out for it when you clean the house? 我的戒指不见了--你打扫房子时能留点儿神吗? keep one's ears/eyes open =>open1. keep one's `eyes peeled/skinned (for sb/sth) watch carefully; be observant 仔细观看; 留意: The tramp always keeps his eyes peeled for coins lying on the ground. 那流浪汉总是注意着寻找地上的硬币. * Keep your eyes skinned for a campsite! 留意找个宿营地! keep a weather eye open =>weather1. lift one's eyes =>lift. (be unable to) look sb in the `eye(s)[`face (be unable to) look at sb steadily (because one feels ashamed, embarrassed, etc) （不能）直视某人（因觉得惭愧、 尴尬等）: Can you look me in the eyes and say you did'nt break the window? 你能正眼看着我说, 窗户不是你打碎的吗? make (`sheep's) `eyes at sb look amorously at sb 向某人抛媚眼、 送秋波: The lovers were making sheep's eyes at each other over the table. 恋人隔着桌子互送秋波. meet sb's eye =>meet1. meet the ear/eye =>meet1. the mote in sb's eye =>mote. (all) ,my `eye (infml 口) (esp of sth said that is intended to deceive or mislead) completely untrue or nonsensical （尤指所说的话意在欺骗或使人误解）瞎说, 胡说: She said she was only twenty-two --- twenty-two my eye! 她说她只有二十二岁--二十二岁, 胡说八道! the naked eye =>naked. never/not (be able to) take one's `eyes off sb/sth never/not (be able to) stop watching sb/sth 目不转睛地看着某人[某物]: He couldn't take his eyes off the beautiful newcomer. 他目不转睛地盯着那位新来的美人. not believe one's ears/eyes =>believe. not a dry eye in the house =>dry1. one in the eye (for sb/sth) (infml 口) hard or unkind rejection or defeat 惨败; 挫折: If she gets the job, that's one in the eye for Peter: he was desperate to get it. 假使她获得这份工作, 那对彼得是当头一棒; 他是拼命想得到这份工作的. only have eyes for/have eyes only for sb only be interested in or in love with (a specified person) 只对（某人）感兴趣; 只爱恋（某人）: It's no use asking Kim to go out with you; she only has eyes for Mark. 你邀请金和你出去是白请, 她心目中只有马克. Open one's/sb's eyes (to sth) =>open2. out of the corner of one's eye =>corner1. pull the wool over sb's eyes =>pull2. the scales fall from sb's eyes =>scale. (not) see eye to `eye with sb (not) agree entirely; (not) have similar views （不）完全一致; （没）有相同的看法: Jim and I have never seen eye to eye on this matter. 我和吉姆对此事的意见从来就不一致. see, etc sth with `half any eye see, etc sth at a glance 对某事物一目了然. shut/close one's eyes to sth refuse to see or take notice of sth 对某事物视而不见: The government shuts its eyes to poverty. 政府对贫穷问题置若罔闻.

eye3
* She closed her eyes to her husband's infidelities. 她丈夫有不忠行为, 她却视而不见. a sight for sore eyes =>sight. there is more in/to sb/sth than meets the eye =>meet1. throw dust in sb's eyes =>dust1. turn a blind eye =>blind1. under/before one's very `eyes (a) in one's presence; in front of one 当着某人的面; 在某人面前: `Ladies and gentlement! Before your very eyes I will cut this man in half,’ said the magician. ‘女士们、 先生们! 我要当着你们大家把这个人一分为二, ’魔术师说. (b) without attempting to hide what one is doing 不想隐瞒自己所做的事: He stole the stuff from under my very eyes. 他当着我的面偷走的. (be) up to one's ears/ eyes/ eyebrows/ neck in sth =>ear. the wind's eye = the eye of the wind. with one's `eyes open fully aware of what one is doing 充分了解自己所做之事: I moved to this country with my eyes open; so I'm not complaining. 我迁居到这个国家是心中有数的, 所以我并无怨言. * He married her with her eyes wide open. 他娶她时心里有底. with one's `eyes shut/closed without much effort; easily 没费多大力气; 轻易地: He's cooked that meal so often he can do it with his eyes closed. 他常做那种饭菜, 闭着眼也能做. 派生： -eyed (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having an eye or eyes of the specified kind 有某种眼睛的: a blue-eyed girl * a one-eyed man, ie man with only one eye. `eyeful/ful; -7ful] n 1 thing thrown or blown into one's eye 掷入、 刮入或吹入眼中之物: * get an eyeful of sand 眼里刮进沙子. 2 (infml 口) interesting or attractive sight 有趣的或诱人的景象: * She's quite an eyeful! 她真是个美人! 3 (idm 习语) have/get an eyeful (of sth) (infml 口) have a good long look (at sth interesting, remarkable, unusual, etc) 好好看看（有趣的、 美妙的、 罕见的等物）: * `Come and get an eyeful of this there's a giraffe in the garden!’ ‘快来看哪--花园里有个长颈鹿!’

eye4
`eyeball n 1 round part of the eye within the eyelids and socket 眼珠; 眼球. =>illus 见插图. 2 (idm 习语) ,eyeball to `eyeball (with sb) (infml 口) confronting a person closely; face to face 互相对视; 面对面: We must discuss the situation eyeball to eyeball. 我们要面对面地研究一下这种情况. `eye-bath n small cup shaped to fit round the eye for holding lotion, etc in which to bathe the eye 洗眼器; 洗眼杯. `eyebrow n 1 arch of hair above the human eye 眉; 眉毛: pluck one's eyebrows 拔眉毛. =>illus 见插图. =>Usage at body 用法见body. 2 (idm 习语)raise one'seyebrows =>raise. up to one's ears/eyes/eyebrows/neck in sth =>ear. `eyebrow pencil make-up pencil used for darkening the eyebrows 眉笔. `eye-catching adj striking and noticeable, esp because pleasant to look at 别人注目的; 令人注意的（尤指悦目者）: an eye-catching suit, hat, etc 引人注目的服装、 帽子等. `eyeglass n lens (for one eye) to help poor eyesight （眼镜的）镜片; 单片眼镜: The old man wore an eyeglass attached to a piece of ribbon. 那老人戴着单片眼镜, 上面连结着一条丝带. `eyelash (also lash) n hair, or one of the rows of hairs, on the edge of the eyelid 睫毛: She was wearing false eyelashes, ie artifical eyelashes, stuck to the eyelids. 她戴着假睫毛. =>illus 见插图. `eyeless adj (fml 文) without eyes; without sight 无眼的; 无视力的. `eye-level adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] level with a person's eyes when looking straight ahead （直视时）与眼睛相平的: an eye-level grill 与眼睛相平的铁栅栏. `eyelid (also lid) n 1 upper or lower of two movable folds of skin that close to cover the eyeball 眼睑; 眼皮: His eyelid is swollen. 他眼皮肿了. =>illus 见插图. 2 (idm 习语) not bat an eyelid =>bat1. `eye-liner (also liner) n cosmetic applied as a line round (part of) the eye 眼线液.

eye5
`eye-opener n event, etc that is enlightening or causes surprise 令人开眼界的或令人惊奇的事物: My trip to India was quite an eye-opener. 我的印度之行真令我大开眼界. `eyepiece n lens at the end of a telescope or microscope through which the observer looks （望远镜或显微镜的）接目镜. =>illus at microscope 见microscope之插图. `eye-shade n device worn above the eyes to protect them from strong light 遮光帽檐: The tennis umpire wore an eye-shade. 那网球裁判戴着遮光帽檐. `eye-shadow n [C, U] type of cosmetic applied to the eyelids 眼影膏. `eyesight n [U] power of seeing; ability to see 视力: have good/bad/poor eyesight 有良好的[很糟的/微弱的]视力. `eyesore n ugly object; thing that is unpleasant to look at 丑陋的物品; 难看的东西: That old block of flats is a real eyesore! 那座旧公寓真不顺眼! `eye-strain n [U] tired condition of the eyes (caused, eg by reading very small print, or in dim light) 眼睛疲劳（如因读小字或光线暗所致）. `eye-tooth n (pl `eye-teeth) 1 canine tooth in the upper (human) jaw, under the eye （人的）上犬齿. 2 (idm 习语) cut one's `eye-teeth acquire experience in the ways of the world 获得世事经验; 通晓世故: He'll have to cut his eye-teeth before he gets promoted. 他要有些阅历才可获提升. give one's eye-teeth for sth wish to possess or obtain sth very much 非常希望具有、 占有或得到某物: He'd give his eye-teeth to own a car like that. 他巴不得有那样一辆汽车. `eye-wash n [U] (a) liquid for bathing the eyes 洗眼药水 (b) (infml 口) thing said or done to deceive or create a false impression; nonsense 瞎扯; 瞎说; 胡说八道; 胡言乱语; 弄虚作假: He pretends to care so much about his children, but it's all eyewash: he never even takes them out. 他貌似很关心自己的孩子, 其实都是假像, 他从来不带他们出去. `eyewitness n = witness: [attrib 作定语] an eyewitness account of a crime 目击者对一罪行的叙述.

eyelet
[5ailit; 5ailit] n [C] small hole in cloth, in a sail, etc for a rope, etc to go through; metal ring round such a hole, to strengthen it （布、 帆等上穿绳等用的）孔眼; （镶孔眼的）金属环.

eyrie
(also eyry, aerie, aery)[5aiEri; 5aiEri] n eagle's nest; nest of other birds of prey built high up among rocks 鹰巢; 建在岩石高处的其他猛禽的巢.

F, f
[ef; ef] n (pl F's, f's/efs; efs] ) 1 the sixth letter of the English alphabet 英语字母表的第六个字母: * `Fabric' starts with an `F'/F. fabric一字以f字母开始. 2 F (music 音) the fourth note in the scale of C major C大调音阶中的第四音或音符.

FA
[7ef 'ei; 7ef 'e] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Football Association （英国）足球协会: * the FA Cup （英国）足总杯.

fab
[fAb; fAb] adj (dated Brit sl 旧, 俚) marvellous; fabulous(3) 极好的; 绝妙的.

Fabian
[5feibiEn; 5febiEn] n, adj 1 (person) patiently planning to defeat the enemy gradually 耐心策划逐步消灭敌人的（人）: * Fabian tactics 耐心策划逐步消灭敌人的策略. 2 (Brit) (person) aiming to build socialism by means of gradual reform 以逐渐改革的方式建设社会主义为目标的（人）; 费边式的: * the Fabian Society 费边社.

fable
[5feibl; 5febl] n 1 (a) [C] short story not based on fact, often with animals as characters, that conveys a moral 寓言: * Aesop's fables 伊索寓言. (b) [U] such stories and legends considered as a group 寓言故事; 神话; 传说: * a land famous in fable 以寓言故事闻名的国家. 2 [C, U] untrue statement(s) or account(s) 无稽之谈; 谎话; 胡扯: * distinguish fact from fable 辨别虚实. 派生： fabled[5feibld; 5febld] adj famous in fables; legendary 寓言中有名的; 传说的.

fabric
[5fAbrik; 5fAbrik] n 1 [C, U] type of cloth, esp one that is woven 织物: * woollen, silk, cotton, etc fabrics 毛、 丝、 棉等的织物. 2 [sing] the ~ (of sth) (a) walls, floors and roof (of a building, etc) （建 物等的）墙、 地板和屋顶: * The entire fabric of the church needs renovation. 这座教堂的全部结构需要维修翻新. (b) (fig 比喻) structure (of sth) （某事物的）结构: * the fabric of society 社会的结构.

fabricate
[5fAbrikeit; 5fAbri7ket] v [Tn] 1 invent (a false story) 编造（虚假的事）; 虚构: * fabricate an excuse, an accusation, etc 编造藉口、 捏造罪名 * The reason he gave for his absence was obviously fabricated. 他提出的缺席理由显然是瞎编的. 2 forge (a document) 伪造（文件）: * a fabricated voting paper 伪造的选票. 派生： fabrication[7fAbri5keiFn; 7fAbri5keFEn] n 1 [U] action or result of fabricating 编造、 虚构、 捏造、 伪造的行为或结果: * That's pure fabrication! 那纯粹是捏造的! 2 [C] thing that has been fabricated, eg a forged document or a false account of events 编造、 虚构、 捏造、 伪造的事物（如伪造的文件或虚构的事情）: * Her story was nothing but a series of fabrications. 她说的完全都是编造的.

fabulous
[5fAbjulEs; 5fAbjElEs] adj 1 incredibly great 极为巨大的: * fabulous wealth 巨大的财富. 2 (infml 口) wonderful; marvellous 极好的; 绝妙的: * a fabulous performance 精采的表演. 3 [attrib 作定语] (fml 文) appearing in fables; legendary 寓言中的; 传说的; 神话的: * fabulous heroes, monsters, etc 传奇式的英雄、 妖怪等. 派生： fabulously adv incredibly 难以置信地: fabulously rich 难以置信地富有.

facade
[fE'sa:d; fE'sad] n 1 (fml 文) front (of a building) （建 物的）正面. 2 (fig 比喻) outward appearance, esp a deceptive one 外表（尤指虚伪的）: * a facade of indifference 假装冷漠 * Squalor and poverty lay behind the city's glittering facade. 这城市表面繁华, 背後却肮脏和贫困.

face
1[feis; fes] n 1 front part of the head from the forehead to the chin 脸; 面孔: * a pretty, handsome, etc face 漂亮的、 英俊的...面孔 * Go and wash your face. 去把脸洗一洗. * He was so ashamed that he hid his face in his hands. 他羞愧得用手把脸蒙住. * I saw many familiar/strange faces, ie people whom I recognized/did not recognize. 我看见很多熟悉的[陌生的]面孔. 2 expression shown on a face 面部表情; 脸色: * a sad face 悲伤的面容 * smiling faces 笑脸 * She had a face like thunder, ie She looked very angry. 她满面怒气. * You are a good judge of faces, ie You can judge a person's character by (the expression on) his face. 你很会根据人的相貌（表情）来判断人的性格. 3 (a) surface or side (of sth) （某事物的）表面, 面: * A cut diamond has many faces. 经切割的钻石有很多晶面. * They disappeared from/off the face of the earth, ie totally disappeared. 他们从地面上消失了（全部消失了）. * The team climbed the north face of the mountain. 那小队攀登山的北坡. (b) front or main side (of sth) （某事物的）正面, 主要的一面: * the face of a clock 钟的面 * He put the cards face down on the table. 他把纸牌面向下放在桌上. (c) = coal-face (coal). (d) surface that is used for hitting, working, etc esp the striking-surface of a bat or the working-surface of a tool 用以打击、 工作等的面（尤指球拍或工具的面）. 4 = typeface (type2). 5 (idm 习语) be staring sb in the face => stare. cut off one's nose to spite one's face => nose1. one's face falls one's expression shows disappointment, dismay, etc 脸沉下来（表示失望、 沮丧等）: * Her face fell when she heard the news. 她听到这个消息脸都沉下来了. face to face (with sb/sth) close to and looking at (sb/sth) 面对面地看（某人[某事物]）: * His ambition was to meet his favourite pop star face to face. 他心向往之的是要面对面地见见他心目中的流行曲歌星.

face1
* The burglar turned the corner and found himself face to face with a policeman. 盗贼一拐弯面对面地碰上个警察. * The two rival politicians came/were brought face to face in a TV interview. 那两个对立的政客面对面地一起接受电视访问. fall flat on one's face => flat3. fly in the face of sth => fly2. grind the faces of the poor => grind. have, etc egg on/all over one's face => egg1. have the face (to do sth) (infml 口) be bold or impudent enough 竟然有脸或胆敢（做某事）: * How can you have the face to ask for more money when you do so little work? 你干这麽少工作还有脸多要钱? have one's face lifted have a face-lift(1) （做面部除皱纹）整容; 做面部拉皮手术. in the face of sth (a) in spite of sth 不顾某事物: * succeed in the face of danger 不惧危险地完成 * continue in the face of criticism 不顾批评而继续干. (b) confronted by sth 面对某事物: * We are powerless in the face of such forces. 面对这样强大的力量, 我们无能为力. keep a straight face => straight1. laugh in sb's face => laugh. laugh on the other side of one's face => laugh. a long face => long1. look sb in the eye/face => eye1. lose face => lose. make/pull `faces/a `face (at sb) grimace (at sb); pull the face into amusing, rude, disgusted, etc expressions （对某人）做鬼脸, 扮怪相: * The schoolboy made a face at his teacher's back. 那个男生对着教师的背後做个鬼脸. * The clowns pulled funny faces. 小丑扮出了可笑的鬼脸. not just a pretty face => pretty. on the `face of it (infml 口) judging by appearances 就表面判断: * On the face of it, he seems to be telling the truth though I suspect he's hiding something. 表面上看, 他似乎说的是实话, 可我怀疑他有隐情. plain as the nose on one's face => plain1. put a bold, brave, good, etc `face on sth accept (bad news, etc) courageously, pretending that it is not as bad as it is 装出满不在乎的样子面对（坏消息等）:

face2
* Her exam results were disappointing but she tried to put a brave face on it. 她的考试成绩令人失望, 但却装出若无其事的样子. put one's `face on (infml joc 口, 谑) apply make-up to one's face 往脸上涂化妆品. save face => save1. set one's face against sb/sth be determined to oppose sb/sth 坚决反对某人[某事物]: * You shouldn't set your face against all forms of progress. 你不应该硬是反对各种进步形式. show one's face => show2. shut/slam the door in sb's face => door. shut one's mouth/face => shut. a slap in the face => slap n. till one is blue in the face => blue1. to sb's `face openly and directly so that sb can hear 当着某人的面: * I am so angry that I'll tell him to his face what I think of him. 我气得要当面把我对他的想法告诉他. * They called their teacher `Fatty' but never to his face. 他们把自己的老师叫作‘胖子’, 但却从未当面叫过. Cf 参看 behind sb's back (back1). wipe sth off the face of the earth => wipe. 派生： faceless adj not known by name; with no clear character or identity 不知名的; 特性或身分不清楚的: faceless civil servants 不知名的公务员. 复合： `face-card n = court-card (court). `face-cloth (Brit also `face-flannel, flannel; US also wash-cloth) n small square of towelling material used for washing the face, hands, etc （洗脸、 洗手等的）毛巾, 面巾, 手巾. `face-cream n [U] cosmetic cream for the skin of the face 面霜; 面膏; 雪花膏. `face-lift n 1 (also `face-lifting) operation in which the skin is tightened to smooth out wrinkles and make the face look younger （将面部皮肤拉紧以消除皱纹的）整容手术, 面部拉皮手术. 2 (fig 比喻) improvement in the appearance of sth; renovation (of a building, etc) 改善某事物的外观; （建 物等的）翻新; 更新: The town centre certainly needs a face-lift. 市中心可真该装修一下了. `face-pack n cream or paste applied to clean or refresh the skin on the face 面部洁霜; 洁肤膏.

face3
`face-saver n thing that prevents sb from being embarrassed or losing dignity 保全某人面子的事物. `face-saving adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] acting as a face-saver 保全面子的: a face-saving action, excuse, gesture 保全面子的行动、 藉口、 举动. ,face `value 1 value printed or stamped on money or postage stamps 钱币或邮票的面值; 票面价值; 票面额. 2 (idm 习语) take sth/sb at (its, his, etc) face value assume that sth/sb is genuinely what it, he, etc appears to be 假定或认为某事物[某人]真如其显示的那样: She seems friendly enough but I shouldn't take her at (her) face value. 她好像够亲切的, 可是我不应该信以为真.

facet
[5fAsit; 5fAsit] n 1 any of the many sides of a cut stone or jewel 宝石或首饰的小平面; 刻面. 2 aspect of a situation or problem 情况或问题的方面: * There are many facets to this question. 这个问题有很多方面. 派生： -faceted (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) with the specified number of sides or aspects 有若干面或方面的: many-faceted/ multi-faceted.

facetious
[fE'si:FEs; fE'siFEs] adj (usu derog 通常作贬义) intended to be amusing, often inappropriately （常为不当地）引人发笑的, 诙谐的: * a facetious young man 耍贫嘴的小伙子 * She kept interrupting our discussion with facetious remarks. 她不断用开玩笑的话干扰我们的讨论. > facetiously adv. facetiousness n [U].

facia
(also fascia)[5feiFE; 5feFE] n 1 = dashboard (dash1). 2 board, etc with a name on it, put above the front entrance of a shop 商店入口处的店主名牌; 店号; 招牌.

facial
[5feiFl; 5feFEl] adj of or for the face 面孔的; 面部用的: * a facial expression 面部表情 * a facial massage 面部按摩. 派生： facial n beauty treatment for the face 美容: I've made an appointment for a facial next week. 我已经预约了下星期去美容. facially[5feiFEli; 5feFEli] adv as far as the face is concerned 在面孔方面: * She may resemble her father facially, but in other respects she's not at all like him. 她尽管脸像父亲, 但其他方面却一点也不像.

facile
[5fsail; - 'fAsl; 5fAsl] adj 1 (usu derog 通常作贬义) (a) [attrib 作定语] easily obtained or achieved (and so not highly valued) 容易得到的, 容易达到的（因而不受重视的）: * a facile success, victory, etc 轻易获得的成功、 胜利等. (b) (of speech or writing) easily produced but superficial or of poor quality （指演说或写作）轻易完成但肤浅或质量差的: * a facile remark 信口开河的话. 2 [attrib 作定语] (of a person) saying or doing things easily; fluent （指人）麻利的, 利落的: * a facile speaker 能说会道的人.

facilitate
[fE'siliteit; fE'silE7tet] v [Tn] (fml 文) (of an object, a process, etc but not of a person) make (sth) easy or less difficult （指物体、 过程等, 但不用於指人）使（某事物）容易或减少困难: * It would facilitate matters if you were more co-operative. 要是你再合作些就省事了. > facilitation/fE7sili'teiFn; fE7silE'teFEn] n [U].

facility
[fE'silEti; fE'silEti] n 1 [U, sing] ability to learn or do things easily 容易学好或做好事物的能力: * have (a) great facility for (learning) languages 有（学习）语言的天才 * He plays the piano with surprising facility. 他弹奏钢琴神乎其技. 2 facilities [pl] circumstances, equipment, etc that make it possible, or easier, to do sth; aids 能够或易於做某事的环境、 设备等; 辅助物: * `sports facilities, eg running tracks, swimming pools 运动设施（如跑道、 游泳池） * `washing, `postal, `shopping, `banking, etc facilities 洗涤、 邮政、 购物、 银行等设施 * facilities for study, eg libraries 有助学习的设施（如图书馆）.

facing
[5feisiN; 5fesiN] n 1 outer layer covering a surface (eg of a wall) 覆盖（如墙壁的）表面的覆饰; 饰面. 2 layer of material covering part of a garment either to decorate it in a different colour or to strengthen it 衣服上不同颜色的外层饰料或使之耐穿的补片: * a blue jacket with black facings 有黑色饰料的蓝甲克.

facsimile
[fAk'simEli; fAk'simEli] n [U, C] exact copy or reproduction of writing, printing, a picture, etc （文字、 印刷品、 图画等的）精确的复制品, 模本, 传真: * reproduced in facsimile, ie exactly 精确复制的 * [attrib 作定语] a facsimile edition 模真版.

fact
[fAkt; fAkt] n 1 [C] thing that is known to have happened or to be true or to exist 事实; 真相: * No one can deny the fact that fire burns. 无人能否认火能燃烧的事实. * Poverty and crime are facts. 贫穷和犯罪是事实. * He's resigned: * I know it for a fact, ie I know that it is really true. 他已经辞职了, 我知道这是真事. * (infml 口) He came here yesterday, and that's a fact! 他昨天来过, 是真的! Cf 参看 fiction. 2 [C] thing that is believed or claimed to be true 认为或称为真实的事物: * I disagree with the facts on which your argument is based. 我不同意你的论点所基於的论据. 3 [U] what is true; reality 真实的事物; 现实: * The story is founded on fact. 这故事有真事作根据. * It's important to distinguish fact from fiction. 把现实与虚构区分开来是很重要的. 4 (idm 习语) accessory before/after the fact => accessory. an accomplished fact => accomplish. blink the fact => blink. as a matter of fact => matter 1. a ,fact of `life thing that cannot be ignored, however unpleasant 生活的现实（尽管使人不快, 却不容忽视的事物）: * We must all die some time: * that's just a fact of life. 我们终有一死, 这就是生活的现实. the fact (of the matter) is (that)...; the fact remains (that)... despite what has been said, the truth is... 虽然话是这麽说, 但事实是...: * A holiday would be wonderful but the fact of the matter is (that) we can't afford one. 有个假日好是真好, 可事实是我们花费不起. * I agree that he tried hard but the fact remains that he has not finished the job in time. 我承认他已尽力而为了, 但事实是他并未按时做完. ,facts and `figures (infml口) precise information 精确的资料; 准确的情报: * Before we make detailed plans, we need some more facts and figures. 我们还需要更多的精确资料才能制定出详细计画. the ,facts of `life (euph 婉) details of human sexuality, esp as told to children 性知识（尤指给儿童讲的）. the facts speak for themselves the facts noted about a situation or an occurrence show what conclusions can be reached, without further interpretation or explanation 事实本身自明. hard facts => hard1. in `fact in truth; really 事实上; 实际上; 其实:

fact1
* For eight years she was in fact spying for the enemy. 八年来她实际上一直为敌人做间谍工作. in point of fact => point1. 复合： `fact-finding n [U] discovering the truth about sth 揭示某事物的真相; 实情调查: [attrib 作定语] a fact-finding mission, expedition, etc 调查团、 队等.

faction
[5fAkFn; 5fAkFEn] n [C] (usu derog 通常作贬义) small united group within a larger one, esp in politics 大组织中的小派别, 派系（尤指政治上的）: * rival factions within the party 党内的对立派别. 派生： factious[5fAkFEs; 5fAkFEs] adj 1 of or causedby faction 派系的; 由派性产生的. 2 fond of faction; quarrelsome 喜好派性的; 爱争吵的: * a factious individual派性强的人.

factitious
[fAk'tiFEs; fAk'tiFEs] adj (fml 文) deliberately created or developed; unnatural; artificial 故意创造或发展的; 不自然的; 人为的: * factitious enthusiasm 虚假的热情 * a factitious demand for goods, ie one created artificially by widespread advertising, etc 对货物需求的假相（由广泛宣传等人为造成的）.

factor
[5fAktE(r); 5fAktl] n 1 fact, circumstance, etc that helps to produce a result 因素: * environmental factors 环境因素 * the factors that influenced my decision 影响我做出决定的因素 * an unknown factor, ie sth unknown that is likely to influence a result 未知的因素（可能对结果造成影响的未知事物）. 2 (mathematics 数) number, except 1, by which a larger number can be divided exactly 因数; 因子: * 2, 3, 4 and 6 are factors of 12. 2、 3、 4、 6都是12的因数. 3 person or organization acting as a business agent （企业的）代理人, 代理商. 4 (Scot 苏格兰) land-agent; steward 地产经管人; 管家. 派生： factorize, -ise[5fAktEraiz; 5fAktE7raiz] v [Tn] (mathematics 数) find the factors of (a number) 分解（某数的）因数. factorization, -isation[7fAktErai'zeiFn;- -ri5z-; 7fAktErE'zeFEn] n [U].

factorial
[fAk'tC:riEl; fAk'tCriEl] adj, n (mathematics 数) (of the) product of a whole number and all those whole numbers below it 阶乘; 阶乘的; 因数的: * factorial 5 (represented as 5!), ie the product of 5 4 3 2 15的阶乘（记作5!, 为54321的乘积）.

factory
[5fAktEri; 5fAktEri] n building(s) in which goods are manufactured 工厂; 制造厂: * [attrib 作定语] `factory workers 工厂工人. 复合： `factory farm farm in which animals are kept and reared in a way designed to produce the maximum yield (of meat, young, milk, eggs, etc) 工厂化农场（为高产食用肉、 奶、 蛋等而饲养和繁殖牲畜和家禽的农场）. `factory farming. `factory ship ship to which ships in a fishing fleet bring their catch for processing, and often quick-freezing, while still at sea 捕捞加工船（在海上将捕获物急冻加工的渔船）. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Factory, mill, plant and works all refer to industrial buildings or places but they indicate different products or processes. *factory、 mill、 plant、 works均指工业的建 物或场所, 但其产品或加工程序则不尽相同. Factory is the most common word for the buildings where products are manufactured or assembled *factory一词最为普通, 指产品生产或装配的工厂: a car, shoe, bottle, etc factory 汽车制造、 制鞋、 制瓶等工厂 * factory workers 工厂工人. Works suggests a larger group of buildings and machinery, generally not producing finished goods *works意为较大的建 物群及其机器设备, 一般并不生产成品: a gasworks, ironworks 煤气厂、 钢铁厂. Plant is more common in US English and relates especially to industrial processes *plant多用於美式英语, 尤为工业加工者: a power, chemical plant 发电厂、 化工厂. Mill has the most limited meaning, relating to the processing of certain raw materials *mill的意思最为狭窄, 限用於某些原材料的加工: a paper/cotton/woollen/steel mill 造纸[棉纺/毛纺/钢]厂.

factotum
[fAk'tEutEm; fAk'totEm] n (fml or joc 文或谑) person employed to do all kinds of work 杂工; 打杂的: * a general factotum 总勤杂工.

factual
[5fAktFuEl; 5fAktFuEl] adj based on or containing facts 根据事实的; 事实的; 真实的: * a factual account 据实的报道. > factually[-tFuEli; -tFuEli] adv: * factually correct 事实方面正确无误的.

faculty
[5fAklti; 5fAklti] n 1 [C] any of the powers of the body or mind 官能; 才能; 能力: * the faculty of sight 视力 * the mental faculties, ie the power of reason 智力 * be in possession of all one's faculties, ie be able to see, hear, speak, understand, etc 具有各种官能（有视、 听、 说、 理解等能力）. 2 [sing] ~ of/for doing sth particular ability for doing sth 做某事物的特殊才能: * have a great faculty for learning languages 有学习语言的才能. 3 (a) [C] department or group of related departments in a university, etc （大学的）系, 科, 院: * the Faculty of Law, Science, etc 法律学院、 理学院. (b) [CGp] all the lecturers, etc in one of these （大学的某系、 科、 院的）全体教员: * [attrib 作定语] a faculty meeting （大学的某系、 科、 院的）全体教员会议. (c) [CGp] (US) the whole teaching staff of a university, etc 大学等的全体教员.

fad
[fAd; fAd] n fashion, interest, preference, enthusiasm, etc that is not likely to last 流行的时尚、 爱好、 狂热等: * Will Tom continue to collect stamps or is it only a passing fad? 汤姆还在集邮呢, 还是热劲已过? 派生： faddish adj (derog 贬) having peculiar likes and dislikes 有乖僻好恶的. faddy adj (infml derog 口, 贬) faddish, esp about food （尤指对於食物）有乖僻好恶的. faddiness n [U].

fade
[feid; fed] v 1 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) lose colour, freshness or vigour （使某事物）褪色, 凋落, 衰弱: * the fading light of evening 傍晚渐暗的光 * Will (the colour in) this material fade? 这块料子（的颜色）褪色吗? * Flowers soon fade when cut. 花折下不久就会凋谢. * She is fading fast, ie rapidly losing strength. 她身体很快就衰弱了. * The strong sunlight had faded the curtains. 强烈 的阳光把窗 晒得褪了色. * faded denims, ie ones that have lost their original colour 褪了色的牛仔裤. 2 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (away) disappear gradually (from sight, hearing, memory, etc); become indistinct （从视野中、 听力范围中、 记忆中等）逐渐消失, 变得模糊不清: * As evening came, the coastline faded into darkness. 夜晚降临时, 海岸线在黑暗中逐渐消失了. * The sound of the cheering faded (away) in the distance. 欢呼声在远处逐渐消失了. * All memory of her childhood had faded from her mind. 她对童年的一切记忆逐渐从脑海中消逝了. * His hopes faded. 他的希望渐渐破灭了. 3 (phr v) fade away (of people) disperse; die （指人）散开, 死亡: * The crowd just faded away. 人群刚刚散去. * She's fading away, ie dying. 她已奄奄一息. fade (sth) in/out (cinema or broadcasting 电影或广播) (cause a picture to) increase/decrease gradually in sharpness; (cause the volume of sound to) become gradually audible/inaudible （使画面）清晰度逐渐增强[减弱]; （使音量）逐渐增大[减小]: * As the programme ended, their conversation was faded out. 节目结束时, 他们的谈话声也逐渐消失了. 复合： `fade-in n (cinema or broadcasting 电影或广播) gradual strengthening (of sounds, pictures, etc) （声音、 画面等）逐渐清晰, 渐现, 渐显, 淡入. `fade-out n (cinema or broadcasting 电影或广播) gradual weakening (of sounds, pictures, etc) （声音、 画面等）逐渐模糊不清, 渐隐, 渐淡, 淡出.

faeces
(US feces)[5fi:si:z; 5fisiz] n [pl] (fml 文) waste matter passed from the bowels 粪便. 派生： faecal (US fecal)[5fi:kl; 5fikl] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (fml 文) of faeces 粪便的.

fag
[fAg; fAg] n 1 [sing, U] (infml 口) tedious and tiring job 沉闷而又吃力的工作: * I've got to tidy my room. What a fag! 我得整理自己的房间. 真是累人的事. * It's too much (of a) fag. 这工作真叫人吃不消. 2 [C] (Brit infml 口) cigarette 香烟. 3 [C] (Brit) (formerly) junior boy at a public school performing certain duties for a senior boy （旧时）公学中为高年级男生服务的低年级男生. 4 [C] (esp US) = faggot 3. 派生： fag/fAg; fAg] v (-gg-) 1 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (away) (at sth/at doing sth) (infml 口) do very tiring work 做非常累的工作: * fagging (away) in the office, at her work 在办公室辛勤工作、 辛苦地做她的工作. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (for sb) act as a fag(3) (for sb) 为（某高年级生）服务. 3 (phr v) fag sb/sth out (infml 口) make (a person or an animal) very tired 使（某人或某动物）极度疲劳: * Running soon fags me out. 我很快就跑累了. * He was completely fagged out, ie exhausted. 他完全筋疲力尽了. 复合： `fag-end n (Brit infml 口) 1 end of a cigarette after it has been smoked 香烟头; 烟蒂. 2 (fig 比喻) inferior or useless remnant; worthless part of anything 低劣或无用的剩馀物; 无价值的部分: He only heard the fag-end of their conversation. 他只听到他们交谈中无足轻重的部分.

faggot
(US fagot)[5fAgEt; 5fAgEt] n 1 bundle of sticks or twigs tied together for burning 枝条困; 柴困. 2 ball of chopped seasoned meat, etc cooked by baking or frying 烤的或煎的肉丸. 3 (also esp US fag) (infml derog 口, 贬) male homosexual 男同性恋者.

fah
= fa.

Fahrenheit
[5fArEnhait; 5fArEn7hait] adj of a temperature scale with the freezing-point of water at 32 and the boiling-point at 212 华氏温度计的, 华氏的（冰点为32度, 沸点为212度）: * The temperature today is seventy degrees Fahrenheit. 今天气温是华氏七十度. =>App 4, 5 见附录4、 5. Cf 参看 centigrade.

faience
[7fai'a:ns; fai'ans] n [U] decorated and glazed earthenware or porcelain 彩陶; 彩色瓷器.

fail
[feil; fel] v 1 (a) [I, Ipr, Tn, Tt] ~ (in sth) be unsuccessful in (sth) 在（某事物）中失败: * If you don't work hard, you may fail. 不努力就可能失败. * I passed in maths but failed in French. 我数学及格, 但法语不及格. * He failed his driving-test. 他驾驶测验不合格. * She failed to reach the semi-finals. 她未能进入半决赛. (b) [Tn] decide that (a candidate) is unsuccessful 评定（应考者）不及格: * The examiners failed half the candidates. 主考者评定半数应试者不及格. Cf 参看 succeed 1. 2 [It] forget, neglect or be unable (to do sth) 忘记、 忽视或未能（做某事）: * He never fails to write (ie always writes) to his mother every week. 他每周都给母亲写信. * She did not fail to keep (ie She did keep) her word. 她没有食言. * Your promises have failed to (ie did not) materialize. 你没有信守诺言. 3 [I, Tn] not be enough for (sb); end or be lacking while still needed or expected by (sb) 不足; 短少; 缺乏: * The crops failed because of drought. 由於乾旱, 农作物歉收. * Our water supply has failed (us). 我们的水供应不足. * Words fail me, ie I cannot find words (to describe my feelings, etc). 我无法用言语来表达（自己的感情等）. 4 [I] (a) (of health, eyesight, etc) become weak （指健康状况、 视力等）衰退: * His eyesight is failing. 他的视力渐渐衰退了. * He has suffered from failing health/has been failing in health for the last two years. 近两年来, 他的健康状况每况愈下. (b) stop working properly 失灵; 失去作用: * The brakes failed. 煞车失灵了. 5 [I] become bankrupt 破产; 倒闭: * Several banks failed during the depression. 有几家银行在不景气时期倒闭了. 派生： fail n 1 failure in an examination 考试不及格: I had three passes and one fail. 我考试叁门及格一门不及格. 2 (idm 习语) without `fail certainly, even though there may be difficulties; whatever happens; definitely 肯定; 一定; 必定: I'll be there at two o'clock without fail. 我两点钟一定到那里.

fail1
复合： `fail-safe adj [attrib 作定语] (of equipment, machinery, etc) designed to compensate automatically for a breakdown or failure （指设备、 机器等）设有自动保险装置的: the fail-safe mechanism 自动保险机械装置.

failing
1[5feiliN; 5feliN] n weakness or fault (of character); shortcoming （性格中的）弱点, 缺陷, 短处: * We all have our little failings. 我们都有小的缺点.

failure
[5feiljE(r); 5feljl] n 1 (a) [U] lack of success 失败; 不成功: * Failure in one examination should not stop you trying again. 一次考试不及格不应妨碍你再试一次. * The enterprise was doomed to failure. 该企业注定要失败. * All my efforts ended in failure, ie were unsuccessful. 我所有的努力都失败了. (b) [C] instance of this 失败: * Success came after many failures. 经多次失败後, 终於获得成功. (c) [C] person, attempt or thing that fails 失败的人、 尝试或事物: * He was a failure as a teacher. 他当过教师, 却不称职. * Our new radio is an utter failure. 我们的新收音机完全是个废物. 2 (a) [U] state of being inadequate; not functioning as is expected or required 不足; 缺乏; 失灵; 故障: * a case of heart failure 心力衰竭的患者 * Failure of crops often results in famine. 歉收常引起 荒. (b) [C] instance of this 不足; 缺乏; 失灵; 故障: * `engine failures 发动机故障 * another crop failure 农作物又一次歉收. 3 (a) [U] ~ to do sth neglecting or forgetting to do sth 忽略或忘记做某事: * failure to comply with the regulations 未遵守规则. (b) [C] ~ to do sth instance of this 忽略; 忘记: * repeated failures to appear in court 多次未出庭.

faint
1[feint; fent] adj (-er, -est) 1 that cannot be clearly perceived by the senses; indistinct; not intense in colour or sound or smell 微弱的; 模糊的; 暗淡的; 隐约的: * The sounds of music grew fainter in the distance. 音乐的声音在远处逐渐模糊了. * Only faint traces of the tiger's tracks could be seen. 老虎的踪迹仅依稀可见. 2 (of ideas, etc) weak; vague （指想法等）模糊的, 不明确的: * There is a faint hope that she may be cured. 她获治愈的希望渺茫. 3 (a) (of physical abilities) lacking strength （指体力）无力的, 虚弱的: * in a faint voice 以有气无力的声音 * His breathing became faint. 他的呼吸变得微弱了. (b) [pred 作表语] (of people) likely to lose consciousness; giddy （指人）易失去知觉; 昏眩: * She looks/feels faint. 她看来[感到]快要晕倒了. (c) [pred 作表语] (of people) weak; exhausted （指人）无力, 精疲力竭: * The explorers were faint from hunger and cold. 探险者们因饥寒交迫而委顿不堪. 4 (of actions, etc) weak; unlikely to have much effect （指动作等）无力的, 似无甚效果的: * a faint show of resistance 软弱无力装装样子 的抵抗 * make a faint attempt to do sth 未尽全力尝试做某事. 5 (idm 习语) damn sb/sth with faint praise => damn1. not have the `faintest/`foggiest (idea) (infml 口) not know at all 根本不知道: * `Do you know where she is?’ `Sorry, I haven't the faintest.’ ‘你知道她在哪里吗?’‘对不起, 我一点也不知道.’ > faintly adv. faintness n [U]. 复合： ,faint-`hearted adj timid; not brave 怯懦的; 不勇敢的. ,faint-`heartedly adv. ,faint-`heartedness n [U].

fair
1[feE(r); fer] adj 1 (a) ~ (to/on sb) treating each person, side, etc equally and according to the law, rules, etc; impartial （按照法律、 规则等）公平地对待每个人、 各方等; 公正的: * Our teacher isn't fair: * he always gives the highest marks to his favourites. 我们老师不公正, 总是给他喜欢的学生高分数. * She deserves a fair trial. 她应该得到公正的审判. * The punishment was quite fair. 这一惩罚十分公正. * The ruling was not fair to everyone. 这项裁决并非对每人都公正. (b) in accordance with what is deserved or expected or with existing rules 应得的; 合理的; 公道的: * a fair share, wage, price 应得的一份、 合理的工资、 公道的价钱 * It was a fair fight, ie The rules of boxing were observed. 那是一场公正的拳击比赛（遵守拳击规则）. * It's not fair to give him the prize/not fair that he should be given the prize. 让他获奖是不公正的. 2 (a) average; moderately good 中等的; 尚可的; 不错的: * There's a fair chance that we might win this time. 这次我们颇有机会能赢. * His knowledge of French is fair, but ought to be better. 他法语还不错, 但应该再好些. (b) [attrib 作定语] (infml 口) quite large, long, etc 相当大的、 相当长的等: * A fair number of people came along. 来了不少人. 3 (a) (of the weather) good; dry and fine （指天气）好的; 晴朗的: * hoping for fair weather 希望有好天气. (b) (of winds) favourable （指风）顺风的: * They set sail with the first fair wind. 他们一有顺风就扬帆起航. 4 (of the skin or the hair) pale; light in colour （指皮肤或毛发）白皙的, 浅色的: * a fair complexion 白皙的肤色 * fair hair 浅色的毛发. 5 (arch 古) beautiful 美丽的: * a fair maiden 美丽的姑娘. =>Usage at beautiful 用法见beautiful. 6 (idm 习语) by ,fair means or `foul somehow or other, whether by good or evil methods 千方百计; 不择手段:

fair1
* She's determined to win, by fair means or foul. fair2 /// * `Come on, Sarah. Give me a bit more fair's fair!’ ‘好了, 萨拉. 再给我一点--应当公平才是!’ a fair `shake (US infml 口) just or reasonable arrangement; fair chance 公正、 合理的安排; 均等的机会. have, etc (more than) one's fair share of sth have, etc (more than) a usual or an expected amount of sth 得到（超过）通常得到的或期望得到的数量: * We got more than our fair share of rain on holiday. 我们这次假期里遇到的雨天太多了. in a fair way to do sth likely to do sth 可能做某事物: * in a fair way to succeed 可能成功. in a fair way of `business having quite a large, successful, etc business 有相当大的、 成功的...生意. set `fair (of the weather) fine and with no sign of change （指天气）晴朗而无变化迹象. > fairness n [U]. 复合： ,fair `copy neat copy of a corrected document （修改後的）誊清本, 清稿: Please make a fair copy of this letter. 请把这封信誊写清楚. ,fair-`haired adj with light-coloured or blond hair 浅色毛发的; 金色毛发的. ,fair-`minded adj fair in judgement; not prejudiced 公正的; 不偏不倚的. the `fair sex (dated or joc 旧或谑) women 妇女. ,fair-to-`middling (infml 口) adj slightly better than average 比一般稍好的. ,fair-weather `friend person who stops being a friend when one is in trouble 顺境中的朋友（不能共患难者）.

fairly
[feEli; 5ferli] adv 1 in a fair manner; honestly 公平地; 公正地; 诚实地: * You're not treating us fairly. 你对我们不公正. 2 (before adjs and advs 用於形容词和副词之前) to a certain extent; moderately 相当地; 适度地: * This is a fairly easy book. 这是相当浅易的书. * We must leave fairly soon, ie before very long. 我们得快些离开. 3 completely; actually 完全地; 简直: * Her suggestion fairly took me by surprise. 她的建议真叫我大吃一惊. * I fairly jumped for joy. 我简直高兴得跳了起来. * The time fairly raced by. 时间过得真快. 4 (idm 习语) fairly and squarely = fair and square (fair2). NOTE ON USAGE 用法: The adverbs fairly, quite, rather and pretty can all mean `moderately', `to some extent' or `not very' and are used to alter the strength of adjectives and adverbs. *fairly、 quite、 rather、 pretty这几个副词均可表示‘适度地’、 ‘在某种程度上’或‘不很’的意思, 常用以改变所修饰的形容词或副词的分量. Fairly is the weakest and pretty the strongest and most informal, but their effect is very much influenced by intonation. *fairly词义最弱而pretty词义最强, 也最通俗, 但词义的强弱受语调的影响很大. Generally, the more any of these adverbs is stressed, the more negative the sentence sounds. 一般说来, 这类副词读得越重, 句子听起来否定含义就越强. 1 When rather or pretty is used with a positive quality, it can sound enthusiastic *rather或pretty与褒义词连用时, 听起来心情愉快: a rather/pretty good play 一出相 当好的戏. With a negative or variable quality they express disapproval 这两个词与贬义词或可褒可贬的词连用时, 表示不赞成或不满意: rather/pretty poor work 相当差的工作 * I'm rather/pretty warm. 我很热. * It's rather/pretty small/big. 这可太小[大]了. 2 Fairly is mostly used with positive qualities *fairly多与褒义词连用: fairly tidy, spacious, friendly, etc 挺整洁、 宽敞、热情等

fairly1
(compare 试比较: rather untidy, cramped, unfriendly, etc 很零乱、 狭窄、 冷淡等). 3 Only rather can be used with comparative expressions and too 只有rather可与比较级的词语和too连用: The house is rather bigger than we thought. 这所房子比我们想的大得多. * These shoes are rather too small. 这双鞋未免太小了. 4 Rather and quite can precede the indefinite article when followed by an adjective + noun *rather和quite与‘不定冠词+形容词+名词’连用时, 可置於不定冠词之前: rather/quite a nice day 十分晴朗的一天 * a rather/quite/fairly/pretty nice day 十分晴朗的一天. See also note on usage at quite 另见所附用法.

fairway
[5feEwei; 5fer7we] n 1 part of a golf-course between the tee and the green, kept free of rough grass （高尔夫球场上的）平坦球道（球座和草坪间剪平的草地）. =>illus at golf 见golf插图. Cf 参看 rough3 1. 2 channel that ships can sail through easily 航道; 水路.

fairy
[5feEri; 5feri] n 1 small imaginary being with magical powers 小仙子; 小精灵: * [attrib 作定语] fairy voices, footsteps 娇美的声音、 轻巧的脚步. 2 (sl derog 俚, 贬) male homosexual 男同性恋者. 复合： ,fairy `godmother person who provides unexpected help 提供意外帮助的恩人. `fairyland[-lnd; -7lAnd] n 1 home of fairies 仙界; 仙国. 2 (fig 比喻) beautiful or enchanted place 仙境; 奇境: * The toy-shop is a fairyland for young children. 玩具店就是幼儿的乐园. `fairy lights small coloured electric lights used as decoration （作装饰用的）彩色小灯. `fairy story, `fairy-tale 1 story about fairies, magic, etc, usu for children 神话故事; 童话: [attrib 作定语] Her marriage to the prince seemed like a fairy-tale romance. 她与王子结婚, 这事像是神话中的爱情故事. 2 untrue or incredible story; falsehood 不真实的或不可信的事; 谎言: `Now tell me the truth: I don't want any more of your fairy stories.’ ‘把真相告诉我, 我不想再听你胡诌了.’

fait accompli
[7feit E'kCmpli:; - EkCm'pli:; 5fetEkam'pli] (pl faits accomplis) (French 法) thing already done, that cannot be undone and is therefore not worth arguing about 既成事实: * She married the man her parents disapproved of and presented them with a fait accompli. 她所嫁的人她父母并不满意, 但这已是既成事实.

faith
[feiW; feW] n 1 [U] ~ (in sb/sth) trust; strong belief; unquestioning confidence 信任; 信仰; 信心: * put one's faith in God 信仰上帝 * Have you any faith in what he says? 你相信他的话吗? * I haven't much faith in this medicine. 我对这种药没有多大信心. * I've lost faith in that fellow, ie I can no longer trust him. 我再也不相信那个家伙了. 2 [U, sing] strong belief, without proof, in God or in an established religion 宗教信仰: * a strong faith 坚定的宗教信仰 * lose one's faith 失去对上帝的信仰 * Faith is stronger than reason. 宗教信仰比推理劝说更具威力. 3 [C] religion 宗教: * the Christian, Jewish and Muslim faiths 基督教、 犹太教和伊斯兰教. 4 (idm 习语) break/keep faith with sb break/keep one's promise to sb; be disloyal/loyal to sb 对某人不守信用[守信用]; 对某人不忠诚[忠诚]. in good `faith with honest intentions 真诚地; 诚意地: * She signed the letter in good faith, not realizing its implications. 她真心实意地在信上签了字, 没意识到其中另有含义. * He bought the painting in good faith, eg not realizing that it had been stolen. 他买这幅画时不虞内有跷蹊（如未想到是贼赃）. 复合： `faith-cure n [C], `faith-healing n [U] cure, etc that depends on faith rather than on medicines or other treatment 信仰疗法. `faith-healer n.

faithful
[5feiWfl; 5feWfEl] adj 1 ~ (to sb/sth) loyal (to sb/sth) （对某人[某事]）忠实的: * a faithful friend 忠实的朋友 * faithful to his beliefs 忠实於他的信仰 * She was always faithful to her husband, ie never had a sexual relationship with anyone else. 她对丈夫一直很忠诚. 2 [attrib 作定语] able to be trusted; conscientious 可信赖的; 认真的: * a faithful worker 忠诚可靠的工作者 * a faithful correspondent, ie one who writes regularly 经常通信的人. 3 true to the facts; accurate 真实的; 正确的: * a faithful copy, description, account, etc 精确的副本、 描写、 报道等. 派生： the faithful n [pl v] true believers (in a religion) （某宗教的）忠实信徒. faithfully[-fEli; -fEli] adv 1 in a faithful manner 忠实地: * The old nurse had served the family faithfully for thirty years. 老保姆为这个家庭忠实地服务了叁十年. * He followed the instructions faithfully. 他严格遵守指令. 2 (idm 习语) yours faithfully => yours (your). =>Usage at your 用法见your. faithfulness n [U].

faithless
[5feiWlis; 5feWlis] adj not trustworthy; not loyal 不可靠的; 不忠实的: * a faithless friend, wife, ally, etc 不忠实的朋友、 妻子、 盟邦等. > faithlessly adv. faithlessness n [U].

fake
[feik; fek] n (a) object (eg a work of art) that seems genuine but is not 膺品（如伪造的艺术品）: * That's not a real diamond necklace, it's just a fake! 那不是真钻石项链, 是假的! Cf 参看 counterfeit, forgery (forge2). (b) person who tries to deceive by pretending to be what he is not 骗子; 冒充者: * He looked like a postman but he was really a fake. 他看上去像个邮递员, 但实际上是假冒的. 派生： fake adj not genuine 假的; 伪造的: fake furs, jewellery, etc 假的毛皮、 珠宝等 * a fake policeman 假冒的警察. fake v [Tn] 1 make (sth false) so that it seems genuine 伪造（某物）: He faked his father's signature. 他伪造父亲的签字. * Her whole story had been faked, ie was completely untrue. 她的话全都是编造的. 2 pretend (sth); feign 假装（某事物）; 佯装: fake surprise, grief, illness 装出吃惊、 悲伤、 患病的样子. faker n.

fakir
[5feikiE(r); - fE'k-; fE'kir] n 1 Hindu religious beggar regarded as a holy man （印度教中视为圣者的）托钵僧, 行者. 2 member of a Muslim holy sect who lives by begging （伊斯兰教的）托钵僧.

falcon
[5fC:lkEn; - 'fAlkEn; 5fAlkEn] n small bird of prey 猎鹰. 派生： falconer n (a) person who trains falcons to hunt and kill other birds or animals for sport 训练猎鹰者. (b) person who keeps trained falcons 养猎鹰者. falconry[-ri; -ri] n [U] (a) sport of hunting with falcons 放鹰捕猎; 鹰猎. (b) art of breeding and training falcons 猎鹰饲养术; 猎鹰训练术.

fall
1[fC:l; fCl] v (pt fell/fel; fel] , pp fallen[5fC:lEn; 5fClEn] )1 [I, Ipr, Ip] come or go down from force of weight, loss of balance, etc; descend or drop 落下; 跌落; 降落; 掉下: * The rain was falling steadily. 雨不停地下着. * The leaves fall in autumn. 秋天树叶凋落. * He slipped and fell ten feet. 他失足自十英尺高处跌了下来. * That parcel contains glass don't let it fall. 那包裹里有玻璃制品--别掉在地上. * The book fell off the table onto the floor. 那本书从桌上掉到地上. * He fell into the river. 他掉进河里了. * I need a new bicycle lamp my old one fell off and broke. 我需要一个新的自行车车灯--旧的摔破了. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (on/upon sb/sth) come as if by dropping suddenly; descend 突然降临; 来临: * A sudden silence fell. 突然静了下来. * Darkness falls quickly in the tropics. 热带地区天黑得很快. * Fear fell upon them. 他们突然感到很害怕. 3 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (down/over) stop standing, esp suddenly; collapse 倒下（尤指突然间）; 倒塌: * Many trees fell in the storm. 在那场暴风雨中有许多树都倒了. * He fell on his knees (ie knelt down) and begged for mercy. 他跪下求饶. * The toddler tried to walk but kept falling down. 那小孩学着走路但老是跌跤. * She fell over and broke her leg. 她跌倒後摔折了腿. * (fig 比喻) Six wickets fell (ie Six batsmen in cricket were dismissed) before lunch. 午饭前有六个板球击球员被杀出局. 4 [Ipr] hang down 垂下; 低垂: * Her hair fell over her shoulders in a mass of curls. 她的鬈发披在肩上. * His beard fell to his chest. 他的胡须垂到胸前. 5 [I] decrease in amount, number or intensity （数量、 数目）下降; （强度）变弱: * Prices fell on the stock market. 股市行情下跌. * Her spirits fell (ie She became sad) at the bad news. 她听到这坏消息後情绪很低落.

fall guy
[5fC:l gai; 5fCl 7gai] (esp US) (a) = scapegoat. (b) person who is easily tricked or fooled 易上当的人; 易受愚弄的人.

fall1
* Her voice fell as they entered the room. 他们走进房间时她的声音低了下来. * The temperature fell sharply in the night. 夜间温度急剧下降. 6 [I, Ip] ~ (away/off) slope downwards 向下倾斜: * Beyond the hill, the land falls (away) sharply towards the river. 山那边地面呈陡坡向河边倾斜. 7 [I] (a) lose one's position, office or power; be defeated 失去地位、 职位或权力; 垮台: * The government fell after the revolution. 政府在那场革命之後垮台了. (b) die in battle; be shot 阵亡; 被击毙: * Half the regiment fell before the enemy onslaught. 在敌军猛攻下, 这个团有一半人阵亡了. * Six tigers fell to his rifle. 他用步枪射倒了六只老虎. (c) (of a fortress, city, etc) be captured （指要塞、 城市等）沦陷, 失守: * Troy finally fell (to the Greeks). 特洛伊最终被（希腊人）攻陷. 8 [I] (dated 旧) sin; do wrong 犯罪; 堕落: * Eve tempted Adam and he fell. 夏娃诱惑亚当, 结果他犯了罪. 9 [Ipr] ~ on/over sth take the direction or position specified 朝某方向; 占据某位置: * Which syllable does the stress of this word fall on? 这个字的重音是在哪个音节上? * My eye fell on (ie I suddenly saw) a curious object. 我突然看见一个奇怪的东西. * A shadow fell over the room. 有个影子映入室内. 10 [La, Ln, Ipr] ~ (into sth) pass into a specified state; become 进入某种状态; 变成: * fall asleep 入睡 * The horse fell lame. 那马瘸了. * He fell silent. 他静了下来. * Has she fallen ill again? 她又病了吗? * When does the rent fall due? ie When must it be paid? 租金何时到期? * She fell an easy prey to his charm. 她一下子被他迷住了. * He fell into a doze, ie began to doze. 他打起瞌睡来了. * The house fell into decay. 那房子腐朽了. 11 [I, Ipr] happen or occur; have as a date 发生; 适逢（一日期）:

fall2
* Easter falls early this year. 今年的复活节来得早. * Christmas Day falls on a Monday. 今年的圣诞节是星期一. 12 [I, Ipr] be spoken 被说出: * I guessed what was happening from a few words she let fall, ie from what she said. 我从她说的几句话中猜出发生什麽事了. * Not a word fell from his lips. 他什麽话也没说. 13 (For idioms containing fall, see entries for ns, adjs, etc 与fall搭配的其他习语见有关名词、 形容词等的词条, 如 fall in love (with sb) => love1; fall flat => flat3.) 14 (phr v) fall about (infml 口) laugh uncontrollably 无法控制地大笑: * We all fell about (laughing/with laughter) when he did his imitation of the tea-lady. 看到他模仿女勤杂工的样子, 我们全笑得前仰後合, 无法自制. fall apart break; fall to pieces; disintegrate 破裂; 破碎; 散开: My car is falling apart. 我的汽车要散架了. * Their marriage finally fell apart. 他们的婚姻终於破裂了. fall away (a) desert; leave 遗弃; 离开: His supporters fell away as his popularity declined. 在他声望下降时许多支持他的人都疏远了他. (b) disappear; vanish 消失: In a crisis, old prejudices fall away and everyone works together. 在危急关头, 大家就能捐弃前嫌, 同心协力. fall back move or turn back; retreat 後退; 撤退; 退却: The enemy fell back as our troops advanced. 我军前进, 敌军後退. fall back on sb/sth (be able to) go to sb for support or use sth when in difficulty 有困难时（能）求助於某人, 依靠某事物: At least we can fall back on candles if the electricity fails. 停电时我们至少可以使用蜡烛. * She's completely homeless at least I have my parents to fall back on. 她是真正无家可归--我至少有父母可依靠. fall behind (sb/sth) be overtaken (by sb/sth); fail to keep level (with sb/sth) 落後於（某人[某事物]）: The major world powers are afraid of falling behind in the arms race. 世界各大强国均惟恐在军备竞赛中落後.

fall3
* France has fallen behind (Germany) in coal production. 法国在产煤方面落後（於德国）了. fall behind with sth fail to pay for sth or to do sth for a period of time 逾期不为某事物付款或不做某事: Don't fall behind with the rent, or you'll be evicted. 不要逾期不缴房租, 否则会被逐出. * I've fallen behind with my correspondence. 我积压了许多信没回. fall down be shown to be false or inadequate; collapse 显示不实或不足; 崩溃; 失败: The plan fell down because it proved to be too expensive. 这项计划因费用过高而告吹. fall down on sth (infml 口) fail to do sth properly or successfully 没有把某事做好: fall down on one's promises 未履行自己的诺言 * He fell down on the job. 他未能把这件工作做好. fall for sb (infml 口) be attracted to sb; fall in love with sb 被某人所吸引; 爱上某人; 迷恋: They met, fell for each other and got married six weeks later. 他们俩一见倾心, 六个星期後就结了婚. fall for sth (infml 口) allow oneself to be persuaded by sth, esp unwisely 相信某事（尤指不智）: The salesman said the car was in good condition, and I was foolish enough to fall for it. 推销员说这辆汽车状况良好, 而我那麽傻竟然信以为真. fall in collapse 塌陷; 倒塌: The roof of the tunnel fell in. 隧道顶部塌了下来. fall (sb) in (cause sb to) form a military formation; (cause sb to) go on parade （使某人）排成军事队形; （使某人）集合: The sergeant ordered his men to fall in 中士命令士兵集合. fall in with sb/sth (a) meet sb by chance; join sb; become involved with sb/sth 偶遇某人; 与某人在一起; 与某人[某事物]牵涉在一起: He fell in with bad company. 他交上了损友. (b) agree to or show support for sb/sth 同意或支持（某人[某事物]）: She fell in with my idea at once. 她立即同意了我的意见. fall into sth (a) be able to be divided into sth 可分为: The lecture series falls naturally into three parts. 该系列讲座可自然分作叁部分.

fall4
(b) develop or acquire sth 养成; 染上: fall into bad habits 养成坏习惯. (c) be trapped by sth 落入圈套: We played a trick on them and they fell right into it. 我们设了个圈套, 他们就正好中计. fall off decrease in quantity or quality 数量或质量下降: Attendance at my lectures has fallen off considerably. 听我讲课的人已大大减少了. * It used to be my favourite restaurant but the standard of cooking has fallen off recently. 那是我以前最喜欢的饭馆, 但近来烹饪水平已大不如前了. fall on/upon sb/sth (a) attack sb/sth fiercely 猛烈攻击某人[某事物]: Bandits fell on the village and robbed many inhabitants. 土匪袭击了那座村庄, 抢劫了许多村民的财物. * (fig 比喻) The children fell on the food and ate it greedily. 孩子们争先恐後地抢到食物, 狼吞虎 地吃起来. (b) be borne or incurred by sb 由某人承担或负担: The full cost of the wedding fell on me. 婚礼的全部费用都由我负担. fall out happen; occur 发生: We were pleased with the way things fell out. 我们对事情的进展感到高兴. fall (sb) out (cause to) leave military formation; go or send (sb) off parade （使某人）离开军事队形, 解散: The men fell out quickly after their march. 士兵在列队行进之後, 很快便解散了. fall out (with sb) quarrel (with sb) （与某人）争吵: They fell out with each other just before their marriage. 他们就在举行婚礼之前吵了起来. fall over sb/sth stumble or trip after hitting sb/sth with one's feet when walking, etc 在行走...时脚 到某人[某物]而打趔趄或跌倒. fall over oneself be very clumsy 动作笨拙: He was an awkward child, always falling over himself and breaking things. 他是个笨拙的孩子, 经常笨手笨脚地把东西摔破. fall over oneself to do sth (infml 口) be specially eager to do or achieve sth 想方设法做某事或获取某事物: People were falling over themselves to be introduced to the visiting film star. 人们千方百计地想把自己介绍给到访的影星.

fall5
fall through fail to be completed; come to nothing 落空; 成为泡影: Our holiday plans fell through because of transport strikes. 我们的假期计画因运输业工人罢工而成泡影. fall to (doing sth) begin (to do sth) 开始（做某事）: They fell to (eating) with great gusto. 他们开始津津有味地大吃起来. * She fell to brooding about what had happened to her. 她开始沉思默想自己的遭遇. fall to sb (to do sth) become the duty or responsibility of sb 成为某人的义务或责任: It fell to me to inform her of her son's death. 要把她儿子死亡的消息告诉她, 这责任落在了我的肩上. fall under sth be classified among sth 列入某项下: What heading do these items fall under? 这几项应列在哪个标题下面? 派生： the fallen n [pl v] (dated or fml 旧或文) those killed in war 阵亡者. 复合： `fall-out n [U] radioactive waste carried in the air after a nuclear explosion （核爆炸後大气中的）放射尘. falling star = shooting star (shoot1).

fallacy
[5fAlEsi; 5fAlEsi] n 1 [C] false or mistaken belief 错误的见解; 谬见: * It's a fallacy to suppose that wealth brings happiness. 认为财富能带来幸福, 这是一种错误的见解. 2 [U] false reasoning or argument 错误的推论; 谬论: * a statement based on fallacy 基於错误推理的说法. 派生： fallacious/fE'leiFEs; fE'leFEs] adj misleading; based on error 令人误解的; 谬误的: * fallacious reasoning 错误的推理. fallaciously adv.

fallen
pp of fall1.

fallible
[5fAlEbl; 5fAlEbl] adj liable to make mistakes 易犯错误的: * We are fallible beings. 我们都难免犯错误. > fallibility[7fAlE'bilEti; 7fAlE'bilEti] n [U].

Fallopian tube
[fE7lEupiEn 'tju:b; - 'tu:b; fE'lopiEn'tub] (anatomy 解) either of the two tubes along which egg-cells move from the ovaries to the womb 输卵管. =>illus at female 见female插图.

fallow
[5fAlEu; 5fAlo] adj (of land) ploughed but left unplanted to restore its fertility （指耕地）睱过而未耕种的, 休闲的: * allow land to lie fallow 让耕地休闲. 派生： fallow n [U] fallow land 休闲地; 休耕地.

false
[fC:ls; fCls] adj 1 wrong; incorrect 错误的; 不正确的: * sing a false note 唱错音符 * `A whale is a fish. True or false?’ ‘鲸鱼是一种鱼. 对还是错?’ 2 (a) not genuine; artificial 假的; 人造的: * false hair, teeth, etc 假发、 假牙. (b) sham; pretended 冒充的; 假装的: * false modesty 假谦虚 * false tears 虚伪的眼泪. (c) [usu attrib 通常作定语] misleading; not what it appears 引起误会的; 与外观不符的: * a false sense of security, ie feeling safe when one is really in danger 虚假的安全感 * false economy 不合算的节约 * give a false impression of great wealth 给人造成很富有的假像 * hounds following a false scent 沿着误入歧途的臭迹追踪的猎狗. (d) deliberately made incorrect in order to deceive 弄虚作假的; 伪造的: * false weights, scales, dice, etc 假的砝码、 天平、 色子等 * a false passport 假护照 * a false bottom, ie the disguisedbottom of a suitcase, etc concealing a secret compartment（手提箱等秘密藏物用的）假底. 3 deliberately meant to deceive; lying 有意欺骗的; 不诚实的; 虚妄的: * false evidence 伪证 * present false claims to an insurance company 向保险公司提出伪造的索赔要求. 4 ~ (to sb) unfaithful; disloyal 不忠实的; 无信义的: * a false friend/lover 不忠实的朋友[情人]. 5 [attrib 作定语] inaccurately named 命名不准确的: * the false acacia, ie not really an acacia tree, despite its name 刺槐（非真正的金合欢树）. 6 (idm 习语) a false a`larm warning or panic about sth which does not happen 虚假的警报; 虚惊: * The rumours of a petrol shortage turned out to be a false alarm. 汽油短缺的谣传原来是一场虚惊. (make) a false `move unwise or forbidden action that may have unpleasant consequences （可能带来不良後果的）不明智的或不允许的行为: * `One false move and you're a dead man,’ snarled the robber. 那强盗厉声叫道:

false1
* ‘不许动, 不然就打死你.’ (make) a false `start (a) (in athletics) start made before the signal (eg for a race) has been given （运动中）抢在信号令前行动（如赛跑中的抢跑）. (b) unsuccessful beginning 不顺利的开端: * After several false starts, she became a successful journalist. 她开始时遇到几次挫折, 後来才成为能干的记者. (take) a false `step (make) a wrong move or action 失足; 失策: * A false step could have cost the climbers their lives. 爬山者一失足就会丧命. in a false po`sition in circumstances which result in sb being misunderstood or acting against his principles 处於被人误解的地位; 处於违背自己的原则的境地. on/under false pre`tences pretending to be sb else or to have certain qualifications, etc in order to deceive 冒充某人或冒充有某资格以行骗: * obtaining money on false pretences 以诈骗手段骗钱. strike/sound a false `note say or do the wrong thing 说错话[做错事]: * He struck a false note when he arrived for the wedding in old clothes. 他做错了一件事, 不该穿旧衣服去参加婚礼. (sail) under false `colours (a) (of a ship) displaying a flag which it has no right to use （指船）挂着伪旗（航行）. (b) pretending or appearing to be different from what one really is 冒充的; 披着伪装骗人的. 派生： false adv (idm 习语) play sb `false deceive or cheat sb 欺骗某人. falsely adv. falseness n [U].

falsehood
[5fC:lshud; 5fClshud] n (fml 文) 1 [C] untrue statement; lie 不实之辞; 谎言: * How can you utter such falsehoods? 你怎能说出这种假话? 2 [U] telling lies; lying 说假话; 撒谎: * guilty of falsehood 犯了说谎的错误.

falsetto
[fC:l'setEu; fCl'seto] n (pl ~s) [C, U] (man with an) unusually high voice, esp when singing （男子的）假（高音）嗓子, 用假高音嗓子的男子（尤指唱歌时）: * sing falsetto （男子）用假高音唱 * [attrib 作定语] in a falsetto tone （男子）用尖锐的假音调.

falsies
[5fC:lsiz; 5fClsiz] n [pl] (infml 口) pads or material to make the breasts seem larger 假乳房（用以使乳房显得丰满的衬垫）.

falsify
[5fC:lsifai; 5fClsE7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn] 1 alter (eg a document) falsely 窜改（如文件）; 伪造: * falsify records, accounts, etc 伪造记录、 帐目等. 2 present (sth) falsely 歪曲（某事物）: * falsify an issue, facts, etc 歪曲问题、 事实等. 3 prove (sth) to be false 证明（某事物）虚假: * falsify a theory 证明一理论不成立. 派生： falsification[7fC:lsifi'keiFn; 7fClsEfE'keFEn] n (a) [U] falsifying or being falsified 窜改; 歪曲; 伪造; 证明为虚假. (b) [C] change made in order to deceive 窜改; 歪曲; 伪造.

falsity
[5fC:lsEti; 5fClsEti] n (a) [U] falsehood; error 谬误; 错误. (b) [C] instance of this 谬误; 错误.

falter
[5fC:ltE(r); 5fCltl] v [I] 1 move, walk or act hesitantly, usu because of weakness, fear or indecision 摇晃, 蹒跚, 迟疑（通常因衰弱、 恐惧或犹豫）: * Jane walked boldly up to the platform without faltering. 简沉着大胆地走上讲台. 2 (a) (of the voice) waver （指嗓音）颤抖: * His voice faltered as he tried to speak. 他张口说话时, 声音发颤了. (b) speak hesitantly 结巴地说; 支吾地说: * The lecturer faltered after dropping his notes.那讲师讲稿掉了以後言语就结巴了. > falteringly/ 5fR:ltErINlI; `fRltErINlI/ adv.

fame
[feim; fem] n [U] (condition of) being known or talked about by many people 名声; 名气; 声誉: * achieve fame and fortune 获取名利 * The young musician rose quickly to fame. 那个年轻的音乐家很快就出了名. > famed adj [pred 作表语] ~ (for sth): * famed for their courage 以他们的勇敢着称.

familiar
[fE'miliE(r); fE'miljl] adj 1 [pred 作表语] ~ with sth having a good knowledge of sth 对某事物熟悉; 通晓: * facts with which every schoolboy is familiar 小 学生都熟悉的事实 * I am not very familiar with botanical names. 我不太熟悉植物学方面的名称. 2 ~ (to sb) well known (to sb); often seen or heard 为（某人）所熟知的; 经常见到或听到的: * facts that are familiar to every schoolboy 小学生都熟悉的事实 * the familiar scenes of one's childhood 儿时常见的情景 * the familiar voices of one's friends 朋友的熟悉的声音. 3 ~ (with sb) friendly and informal 友好的; 不拘礼节的: * She greeted them by their first names in a familiar way. 她和他们打招呼时亲切地直呼其名. * I'm on familiar terms with my bank manager. 我与银行经理交情很好. 4 ~ (with sb) too informal; more friendly and informal than is acceptable 过分亲密的; 冒失的: * The children are too familiar with their teacher. 这帮小学生对老师过於随便. 派生： familiar n close friend or spirit 密友; 友; （供女巫等差遣）的精灵: a witch's familiar 供女巫差遣的精灵. familiarly adv in a familiar manner; informally 亲密地; 不拘礼节地: William, familiarly known as Billy 威廉, 昵称比利.

familiarity
[fE7mili'ArEti; fE7mili'ArEti] n 1 [U] ~ with sth good knowledge of sth （对某事物的）熟悉, 通晓: * His familiarity with the local languages surprised me. 他对当地各种语言如此精通令我吃惊. 2 (a) [U] ~ (to/towards sb) (esp excessively) friendly informality （尤指过分地）亲密而不拘礼仪: * You should not address your teacher with such familiarity. 你不应该这样冒失地称呼老师. (b) [C usu pl 通常作复数] instance of this; act that lacks formality 冒失; 不拘礼节的行为: * Try to discourage such familiarities from your subordinates. 不要让下属对你这样不拘礼节. 3 (idm 习语) familiarity breeds con`tempt (saying 谚) knowing sb/sth very well may lead to a loss of respect, fear, etc 亲竗生狎侮（过分亲密易生侮慢之心）.

familiarize
[fE'miliEraiz; fE'miljE7raiz] v [Tn.pr] ~ sb/oneself with sth give sb/acquire a thorough knowledge of sth 使某人[自己]熟悉某事物: * familiarizing oneself with a foreign language, the use of a new tool, the rules of a game 熟悉一门外语、 新工具的用法、 比赛的规则. > familiarization, -isation/ fE9mIlIEraI5zeIFn; US -rI5z-; fE9mIljErE`zeFEn/ n [U].

family
[5fAmEli; 5fAmEli] n 1 (a) [CGp] group consisting of parents and their children 家; 家庭: * Almost every family in the village owns a television. 村上几乎每家都有电视机. * All my family enjoy skiing. 我全家都喜欢滑雪. * He's a friend of the family, ie is known and liked by the parents and their children. 他是那家的朋友. (b) [CGp] group consisting of parents, their children and close relatives 家庭成员及关系密切的亲戚: * the Royal Family, ie the children and close relatives of the Sovereign 王室 * All our family came to our grandfather's eightieth birthday party. 我们全家和所有的亲戚都来参加祖父的八十岁寿宴. (c) [attrib 作定语] suitable for all members of this group to enjoy together, regardless of age 适合全家大小一起欣赏的: * a family film 适合全家大小一起看的电影 * family entertainment 适合全家大小一起参加的娱乐. 2 [CGp, U] person's children 子女: * Give my regards to Mr and Mrs Jones and family. 代我向琼斯夫妇及其子女问好. * Do they have any family? 他们有儿女吗? * They have a large family. 他们子女很多. 3 (a) [CGp] all the people descended from a common ancestor 家族: * Some families have farmed in this area for hundreds of years. 有些家族在该地区务农已达数百年. * She comes from a famous family. 她出生於名门望族. * [attrib 作定语] the family estate 家族的地产 * the family jewels 家传的珠宝. (b) [U] ancestry 家世; 世系: * a man of good family 家世很好的人. 4 [C] (a) group of related genera of animals or plants （动植物的）科: * Lions belong to the cat family. 狮子属於猫科动物. Cf 参看 phylum, class 7, order1 9, genus 1, species 1. (b) group of things (eg languages) with common features and a common source 具有相同特徵和同一来源的一组事物（如语言）: * the Indo-European family of languages 印欧语系. 5 (idm 习语) (put sb/be) in the family way (infml 口) (make sb/be) pregnant （使某人）怀孕的. run in the `family be a feature that keeps coming back in different generations of a family 为某家族中各代人呈现出的共有特徵; 世代相传:

family1
* Red hair runs in his family. 他家族的人头发都是红色的. start a family => start2. 复合： ,family `circle friendly group of close relatives 家庭圈子（关系密切的亲戚）. ,family `doctor general practitioner normally consulted by a family 家庭医生. ,family `likeness physical resemblance between members of a family 家庭成员间外貌的相像: This must be your brother: I can see a family likeness. 这位一定是你哥哥, 我看你们长得很像. `family man man who has a wife and children, and enjoys home life 有妻室儿女并喜欢家庭生活的男子. `family name surname 姓. =>Usage at name1 用法见name1. ,family `planning planning the number of children, intervals between births, etc in a family by using birth-control 计划生育. ,family `tree diagram that shows the relationship between different members of a family 家谱; 家谱图. =>App 8 见附录8.

famine
[5fAmin; 5fAmin] n [C, U] (instance of) extreme scarcity of food in a region 荒: * a famine in Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚的 荒 * The long drought was followed by months of famine. 久旱之後出现长达数月的 荒.

famished
[5fAmiFt; 5fAmiFt] adj [usu pred 通常作表语] (infml 口) very hungry 非常饿: * When's lunch? I'm famished! 什麽时候吃午饭? 我都快饿死了!

famous
[5feimEs; 5femEs] adj 1 ~ (for sth) known to very many people; celebrated 出名的; 着名的: * Paris is a famous city. 巴黎是着名的城市. * New York is famous for its skyscrapers. 纽约以其摩天大楼驰名. * She is famous as a writer. 她是着名的作家. 2 (dated infml 旧, 口) excellent 极好的: * We've won a famous victory. 我们赢得了辉煌的胜利. 3 (idm 习语) famous last words (joc catchphrase 谑, 警语) (said when sb has made an important, optimistic, etc statement which may turn out to be untrue and which he may regret saying 有人说出重要的、 胸有成竹之类的话, 但却可能不确而使说话的人自觉悔不该言, 此时用此词组). 派生： famously adv (infml 口) extremely well 极好: The two children got on famously. 两个孩子相处得极好.

fan
1[fAn; fAn] n =>illus 见插图. 1 (a) object, often shaped like a semicircle, held in the hand and waved to create a current of cool air 扇子. (b) thing spread or shaped like a fan, eg the tail of a peacock 扇状物（如孔雀开屏状）. 2 device with rotating blades, operated mechanically to create a current of cool air 电扇: * It's so hot please turn the fan on. 这麽热--请把电扇打开. 复合： `fan belt belt driving the fan that cools the radiator of a car, etc 风扇皮带（带动汽车等散热器风扇的皮带）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xii. `fan heater device that blows hot air into a room 风扇式空气加热器.

fanatic
[fE'nAtik; fE'nAtik] n person who is too enthusiastic about sth, esp religion or politics 狂热者（尤指在宗教或政治方面）: * a religious, political fanatic 宗教狂、 政治狂 * model train fanatics 对模型火车入迷的人. 派生： fanatic (also fanatical[-kl; -kl] ) adj ~ (about sth) obsessively enthusiastic 狂热的: * a fanatic jogger 极喜欢慢跑的人 * She's fanatical about keeping fit. 她如醉如痴地注重健美. fanatically[-kli; -kli] adv. fanaticism[-tisizEm; -tE7sizEm] n [U, C] great or obsessive enthusiasm 狂热; 入迷.

fancier
[5fAnsiE(r); 5fAnsil] n (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) person with a special interest in and love for sth 对某事物有特殊兴趣和爱好的人: * a `dog-fancier 玩赏狗的人 * a `pigeon-fancier 喜爱养鸽子的人.

fanciful
[5fAnsifl; 5fAnsifEl] adj 1 (of people) using the imagination rather than reason （指人）富於幻想的: * Children are very fanciful. 儿童都很富於幻想. 2 (of things) designed or decorated in an odd but creative manner （指物）设计或装饰新颖奇特的. > fancifully[-fEli; -fEli] adv.

fancy
1[5fAnsi; 5fAnsi] n 1 [U] power of the mind to imagine (esp unreal things) 想像力（尤指对非现实的事物）: * the novelist's fancy 小说家的想像力. 2 [C] thing imagined 想像之物: * Did I really hear someone come in, or was it only a fancy? 我是真听到有人进来还是仅仅是幻觉而已? * I have a fancy (ie a vague idea) that he will be late. 我感觉他要迟到. 3 [sing] ~ (for sth) desire; liking 渴望; 喜爱: * I have a fancy for some wine tonight. 我今晚想喝点酒. 4 [C usu pl 通常作复数] small decorated cake 带装饰的小蛋糕: * fancies served with coffee 佐咖啡的漂亮小蛋糕. 5 (idm 习语) catch/take sb's fancy please or attract sb 合某人的心意; 吸引某人: * She saw a dress in the shop window and it caught her fancy immediately. 她看见商店橱窗里的一件连衣裙, 立刻觉得很合心意. a flight of fancy => flight1. take a fancy to sb/sth become fond of sb/sth, often without an obvious reason 喜欢上、 爱上某人[某物]（常无明显原因）: * I've suddenly taken a fancy to detective stories. 我突然喜欢上了侦探小说. 复合： ,fancy-`free adj [usu pred 通常作表语] 1 not in love; not committed to anything 未在恋爱中; 不受束缚. 2 (idm 习语) footloose and fancy-free => footloose (foot1).

fandango
[fAn'dANgEu; fAn'dANgo] n (pl ~es) 1 (music for a) lively Spanish or S American dance 方丹戈舞（西班牙或南美的轻快舞蹈）; 方丹戈舞曲. 2 nonsense 愚蠢的举动; 胡闹: * Politics before an election can be quite a fandango. 选举前的政治活动简直可以说是胡闹一通.

fanfare
[5fAnfeE(r); 5fAn7fer] n short ceremonial piece of music, usu played on trumpets 仪式上用的短曲（通常用小号吹奏）: * A fanfare was played as the queen entered. 女王驾到时, 小号奏起欢迎乐曲.

fang
[fAN; fAN] n 1 long sharp tooth, esp of dogs and wolves 长而尖的牙（尤指狗和狼的）: * The dog growled and showed its fangs. 那狗狺狺狂吠, 露出了尖牙. 2 snake's tooth with which it injects poison （蛇的）毒牙. 3 (idm 习语) draw sb's/sth's teeth/fangs => draw2.

fanlight
[5fAnlait; 5fAn7lait] n small window above a door or another window 气窗（门或窗户上方的小窗）.

fanny
[5fAni; 5fAni] n 1 (Brit sl 讳, 俚) female sex organs ; 女性生殖器. 2 (sl 俚 esp US) buttocks 屁股.

fantasia
[fAn'teiziE; - -'teiVE; fAn'teVE] n (also fantasy) imaginative musical or other composition with no fixed form 幻想曲.

fantasize, fantasise
[5fAntEsaiz; 5fAntE7saiz] v [I, Ipr, Tf] ~ (about sth) imagine or create a fantasy; daydream 想像; 幻想; 做白日梦: * He liked to fantasize that he had won a gold medal. 他好想入非非, 觉得自己赢了一块金牌.

fantastic
[fAn'tAstik; fAn'tAstik] adj 1 (a) wild and strange 荒诞的; 奇异的: * fantastic dreams, stories 荒诞的梦、 故事. (b) impossible to carry out; not practical 无法实现的; 不实际的: * fantastic schemes, proposals, etc 不实际的计画、 建议等. 2 (infml 口) marvellous; excellent 了不起的; 极好的: * She's a fantastic swimmer. 她游泳游得非常好. * You passed your test? Fantastic! 你测验及格了? 太棒了! 3 (infml 口) very large; extraordinary 巨大的; 异乎寻常的: * Their wedding cost a fantastic amount ofmoney. 他们的婚礼花费了很大一笔钱. > fantastically[-klI; -klI/ adv: * You did fantastically well in the exam. 你考得非常好.

fantasy
(also phantasy)[5fAntEsi; 5fAntEsi] n 1 [U] imagination or fancy1(2), esp when completely unrelated to reality 想像, 幻想（尤指完全脱离实际的）: * [attrib 作定语] live in a fantasy world 生活在幻想世界中. 2 [C] product of the imagination; wild or unrealistic notion 幻想出来的东西; 荒诞的或不现实的念头: * sexual fantasies 性幻想 * Stop looking for the perfect job it's just a fantasy. 别想找十全十美的工作了--那简直是幻想. 3 [C] = fantasia.

FAO
[7ef ei 'Eu; 5ef e 'o] abbr 缩写 = Food and Agriculture Organization (of the United Nations) （联合国）粮食及农业组织.

far
1[fa:(r); far] adj (farther[5fa:TE(r); 5farTl] or further[5fE:TE(r); 5fETl] , farthest[5fa:Tist; 5farTist] or furthest[5fE:Tist; 5fETist] ) [attrib 作定语] 1 (dated or fml 旧或文) distant 远的; 远方的: * * a far country 远方的国家 * to journey into far regions 到远方去旅行. 2 more remote 较远的: * * at the far end of the street 在街的那一头 * on the far bank of the river 在河的彼岸 * She's on the far right, ie holds extreme right-wing views. 她持极右观点. 3 (idm 习语) a far cry from sth/doing sth (infml 口) a very different experience from sth/doing sth 与某事物[做某事物]大不相同: * * Life on a farm is a far cry from what I've been used to. 农场生活与我已过惯的日子迥然不同. 复合： the Far `East China, Japan and other countries of E and SE Asia 远东（中国、 日本及东亚与东南亚其他国家）. the Far `West (US) the part of the USA near the Pacific coast 美国西部太平洋沿岸地区.

farce
[fa:s; fars] n 1 (a) [C] funny play for the theatre based on unlikely situations and events 笑剧; 闹剧; 滑稽戏. (b) [U] plays of this type 笑剧、 闹剧一类的剧目: * I prefer farce to tragedy. 我喜欢笑剧而不喜欢悲剧. 2 [C] absurd and pointless proceedings 荒唐而无意义的行动: * The prisoner's trial was a farce. 对那个囚犯的审讯简直是胡闹. 派生： farcical[5fa:sikl; 5farsikl] adj absurd; ridiculous 荒谬的; 可笑的. farcically[-kli; -kli] adv.

fare
1[feE(r); fer] n 1 money charged for a journey by bus, ship, taxi, etc （公共汽车、 轮船、 计程车等的）票价: * What is the bus fare to London? 到伦敦的公共汽车费是多少? * travel at half/full/reduced fare 半价[全价/减价]票旅行 * economy fares 经济舱票价. 2 passenger who pays a fare, esp in a taxi （付费的）乘客; （尤指）计程车的乘客. 复合： `fare-stage n part of a bus route regarded as a unit in calculating the fare （公共汽车路线中的作为计算票价单位的）一段路程.

farewell
[7feE'wel; 5fer'wel] interj (arch or fml 古或文) 1 goodbye 再会; 再见: * Farewell until we meet again! 下次再见! 2 (idm 习语) (bid/say) farewell to sb/sth (have) no more of sb/sth 不再（有某人[某事物]）: * You can say farewell to seaside holidays as we once knew them. 我们熟悉的海滨假日已可谓一去不复返了. 派生： farewell n saying goodbye 辞行; 告别: make one's last farewells 作最後告别 * [attrib 作定语] a farewell party, gift, speech 送别宴会、 辞行赠礼、 告别演讲.

farinaceous
[7fAri5neiFEs; 7fArE'neFEs] adj starchy or floury （含）淀粉的; （似）面粉的: * farinaceous foods, eg bread, potatoes 含淀粉的食物（如面包、 马铃薯）.

farm
1[fa:m; farm] n 1 area of land, and the buildings on it, used for growing crops or raising animals 农田; 农场; 饲养场: * We've lived on this farm for twenty years. 我们已在这农场住了二十年. * [attrib 作定语] farm produce 农产品 * farm machinery 农业机械. 2 farmhouse and the buildings near it 农舍及附近的建 物: * get some eggs at the farm 从农场弄些蛋. 3 place where certain fish or animals are raised （某些鱼或其他动物的）养殖场: * a trout-/ mink-/ pig-farm 鳟鱼饲养场[貂饲养场/养猪场]. 复合： `farm-hand n person who works as a labourer on a farm 农场工人. `farmhouse n farmer's house 农舍. `farmstead[5fa:msted; 5farm7sted] n farmhouse and the buildings near it 农舍及附近的建 物. `farmyard n space enclosed by or next to farm buildings 农家的庭院.

farrago
[fE'ra:gEu; fE'rago] n (pl ~s; US ~es) confused collection; mixture 杂烩; 混合物: * a farrago of useless bits of knowledge 杂七杂八无用的知识.

farrier
[5fAriE(r); 5fAril] n blacksmith who makes and fits horseshoes 蹄铁匠.

farrow
[5fArEu; 5fAro] v [I] give birth to young pigs 产小猪: * When will the sow farrow? 这头母猪何时产小猪? 派生： farrow n 1 number of young pigs born at the same time to one mother 一窝小猪. 2 giving birth to young pigs 产小猪: Our sow had 15 at one farrow. 我们的母猪一胎下了15个小猪.

fart
[fa:t; fart] v ( 讳) 1 [I] send air from the bowels out through the anus 放屁. 2 (phr v) fart about/around (sl 俚) be silly; play the fool 愚蠢; 干蠢事: * Stop farting around and behave yourself! 别胡来, 放规矩点! 派生： fart n ( 讳) 1 releasing of air through the anus 放屁. 2 (sl derog 俚, 贬) person who is disliked or despised 讨厌的家伙; 卑鄙的人.

farther
[5fa:TE(r); 5farTl] adj (comparative of far1 far1的比较级) more distant in space, direction or time （在空间、 方向或时间上）更远的: * on the farther bank of the river 在河的彼岸 * The cinema was farther down the road than I thought. 电影院在路的另一端, 比我原来想的还远. * Rome is farther from London than Paris is. 罗马比巴黎离伦敦更远. 派生： farther adv (comparative of far2 far2的比较级) 1 at or to a greater distance in space or time; more remote （在空间或时间上）更远: We can't go any farther without resting. 我们要是不休息就再也走不动了. * Looking farther forward to the end of the century... 再向前展望到本世纪末.... 2 (idm 习语) far/farther/further afield => afield. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Further is now more common than farther in British English. 在英式英语中, 现在further比farther用得更普遍. They can both be used in relation to distance 这两个词均可用以表示距离: I can throw much further/farther than you. 我扔得比你远得多. * Bristol is further/farther than Oxford. 布里斯托尔比牛津远. In US English farther is usually used in relation to distance. 在美式英语中farther通常用以表示距离. In British and US English only further can be used to indicate addition 在英式英语和美式英语中, 只有further可用以表示‘更加’或‘进一步’的意思: Are there any further questions? 还有问题吗? * a College of Further Education 进修学院.

farthest
[5fa:Tist; 5farTist] adj (superlative of far1 far1的最高级) 1 most distant in space, direction or time （在空间、 方向或时间上）最远的, 最久的: * Go to the farthest house in the village and I'll meet you there. 到村上最远的那座房子那儿去, 我在那里与你会面. 2 longest; most extended in space （在空间上）最长的, 伸展最远的: * The farthest distance I've run is ten miles. 我跑过的最长的距离是十英里. 派生： farthest adv (superlative of far2 far2的最高级) 1 at or to the greatest distance in space or time; most remote （在空间或时间上）最远, 最久: Who ran (the) farthest? 谁跑得最远? * It's ten miles away, at the farthest. 最远不超过十英里. 2 to the highest degree or extent; most 达到最大程度或限度; 最: She is the farthest advanced of all my students. 她是我所有学生中学习最好的.

farthing
[5fa:TiN; 5farTiN] n 1 former British coin worth one quarter of an old penny 英国旧时面值为四分之一便士的硬币. 2 (idm 习语) not care/give a farthing not care at all 毫不在乎.

fascia
= facia.

fascinate
[5fAsineit; 5fAsn7et] v [Tn] 1 attract or interest (sb) greatly 使（某人）着迷、 神魂颠倒或极感兴趣: * The children were fascinated by the toys in the shop window. 孩子们让商店橱窗里的玩具给吸引住了. 2 take away power of movement from (eg an animal) by a strong light, etc 用强光照射等使（如动物）不能动弹: * The rabbit sat without moving, fascinated by the glare of our headlights. 我们的车的前灯把兔子照得蹲在那里一动也不动. 派生： fascinating adj having great attraction or charm 吸引人的; 迷人的; 使人神魂颠倒的: a fascinating voice,story, glimpse 迷人的嗓音、 故事、 一瞥. fascinatinglyadv. fascination[7fAsi'neiFn; 7fAsn'eFEn] n 1 [U, C] fascinating quality; process of fascinating 魅力; 魔力; 入迷: * Stamp collecting holds a certain fascination for me. 我特别喜爱集邮. * The fascinations of the circus are endless. 马戏表演非常吸引人. 2 [U, sing] state of being fascinated 着迷; 入迷: * a fascination for Chinese pottery 对中国陶瓷的强烈爱好.

fascism
(also Fascism)[5fAFizEm; 5fAF7izEm] n [U] extreme right-wing dictatorial political system or views, esp (Fascism) as originally seen in Italy between 1922 and 1943 法西斯主义. 派生： fascist (also Fascist)[5fAFist; 5fAFist] n (usu derog 通常作贬义) person who supports fascism 法西斯主义者. adj (usu derog 通常作贬义) extremely right-wing; reactionary 法西斯的; 极右的; 反动的: * a fascist state 法西斯国家 * fascist opinions 极右的言论.

fashion
[5fAFn; 5fAFEn] n 1 [sing] manner or way of doing sth 样子; 方式: * He walks in a peculiar fashion. 他走路的样子很怪. 2 [C, U] popular style (of clothes, behaviour, etc) at a given time or place 流行的式样; 时尚; 风尚; 风气: * dressed in the latest fashion 穿着入时的 * Fashions in art and literature are changing constantly. 文艺的潮流总是日新月异. * [attrib 作定语] a fashion show 时装表演 * fashion magazines 时装杂志. 3 (idm 习语) after a `fashion to a certain extent, but not satisfactorily 达到一定程度（但尚未令人满意）: * I can play the piano after a fashion. 我多少会弹点钢琴. after/in the fashion of sb (fml 文) like sb; imitating the style of sb 像某人一样; 模仿某人的风格: * She paints in the fashion of Picasso. 她模仿毕加索的绘画风格. (be) all the `fashion/`rage (be) the latest style or trend 流行（起来）; （成为）时尚: * Suddenly, collecting antiques is all the fashion. 收集古董突然盛行起来. come into/be in `fashion become/be popular 流行; 入时: * Long skirts have come into fashion again. Faded jeans are still in fashion too. 长裙子又流行起来. 漂浅的牛仔裤也还很时髦. go/be out of fashion become/be unpopular as a style 不再流行; 过时. 派生： fashion v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ A from B/B into A give form or shape to sth; design or make sth 将某物做成某形状; 设计或制造某物: fashion a doll (from a piece of wood) （用木块）做成玩具娃娃 * fashion a lump of clay into a bowl 把黏土制成碗.

fashionable
[5fAFnEbl; 5fAFEnEbl] adj 1 following a style that is currently popular 时兴的; 时髦的; 流行的: * fashionable clothes, furniture, ideas, ladies 时髦的服装、 家具、 思想、 女士 * It is fashionable to have short hair nowadays. 现在流行短发. 2 used or visited by people following a current fashion 时髦人物使用的或光顾的: * a fashionable hotel, resort, etc 时髦人物常去的旅馆、 胜地等. 派生： fashionably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv in a fashionable manner 时髦地; 流行地: * fashionably dressed 穿得很时髦.

fast
1[fa:st; - fAst; fAst] adj (-er, -est) 1 (a) moving or done quickly; rapid 快的; 迅速的; 敏捷的: * a fast car, horse, runner, ie one that can move at high speed 跑得很快的汽车、 马、 人. (b) happening quickly 迅速发生的; 短暂的: * a fast journey, trip, etc 匆匆之行、 一趟. 2 (of a surface) producing or allowing quick movement （指物体表面）可供快速运动的: * a fast road, pitch 快速车道、 平滑的球场. 3 (of a watch or clock) showing a time later than the true time （指钟表）走得过快的: * I'm early my watch must be fast. 我来早了--准是我的表快了. * That clock's ten minutes fast. 那钟快了十分钟. 4 (of photographic film) very sensitive to light, allowing a short exposure （指胶卷）感光快的, 曝光时间短的. 5 (dated 旧) (of a person) spending too much time and energy on pleasure and excitement; reckless （指人）耽於享乐的, 放荡的: * lead a fast life 过放荡的生活.6 (idm 习语) fast and `furious (of games, parties, shows, etc) lively and energetic （指游戏、 聚会、 表演等）生动活泼的. pull a fast one => pull2. 派生： fast adv 1 quickly 快地; 迅速地: Can't you run any faster than that? 你不能跑得再快点吗? * Night was fast approaching. 黑夜转瞬而至. 2 (idm 习语) run, etc as fast as one's legs can carry one as fast as one is able 尽快地（跑等）. 复合： fast `food food such as hamburgers, chips, etc that can be cooked easily, and is sold by restaurants to be eaten quickly or taken away 快餐食品: [attrib 作定语] a ,fast food `counter, `restaurant 快餐柜台、 快餐店. fast time (US infml 口) = summer time (summer).

fasten
[5fa:sn; - 'fAsn; 5fAsn] v 1 [Tn, Tn.p] (a) ~ sth (down) secure or fix sth firmly 使某物牢固; 固定某物: * fasten (down) the lid of a box 盖紧箱盖 * Please fasten your seat-belts. 请系好安全带. * Have you fastened all the doors and windows? 你把所有的门窗都关严了吗? (b) ~ sth (up) close or join sth 系住某物; 使某物联结在一起: * Fasten (up) your coat. 把你的大衣系好. * The tent flaps should be tightly fastened. 帐篷的 布应紧紧系住. (c) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (on/to sth); ~ A and B (together) firmly attach sth to sth or two things together 将某物固定在另一物上; 将两物牢牢联结在一起: * fasten a lock on/to the door 把门用锁锁好 * fasten a brooch on a blouse 把饰针别在衬衫上 * fasten two sheets of paper (together) with a pin 用大头针把两张纸别在一起 * (fig 比喻) He fastened his eyes on me. 他紧盯着我. * They're trying to fasten the blame on others. 他们想嫁祸於人. 2 [I, Ip] become closed or attached 关住; 闩住; 系牢; 扎牢: * The door fastens with a latch. 这门是用撞锁锁住的. * This dress fastens (up) (ie has buttons, a zip, etc) at the back. 这件连衣裙是在背後系扣的. 3 (phr v) fasten on sb/sth take and use sb/sth for a particular purpose; seize on sb/sth 为某目的抓住并利用某人[某事物]; 抓牢某人[某事物]: * fasten on an idea 坚持某种想法 * He was looking for someone to blame and fastened on me. 他正在找人派不是, 於是便推到我的身上. 派生： fastener[5fa:snE(r); - 'fs-; 5fAsEnl] , fastening/ 5fB:snIN; US 5fs-; `fAsEnIN/ ns device that fastens sth 将某物固着的装置: * a zip fastener 拉链.

fastidious
[fE'stidiEs, fA-; fAs'tidiEs] adj 1 selecting carefully; choosing only what is good 仔细挑选的; 只选好的. 2 (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) hard to please; easily disgusted 难以取悦的; 爱挑剔的; 吹毛求疵的: * She is so fastidious about her food that I never invite her for dinner. 她对食物过於挑剔, 因此我从不请她吃饭. > fastidiously adv. fastidiousness n [U].

fastness
1[5fa:stnis; - 'fAs-; 5fAstnis] n [U] quality of being fast2(2) 不褪色: * We guarantee the fastness of these dyes. 我们担保这些染料不褪色.

fat
1[fAt; fAt] adj (-tter, -ttest) 1 covered with or having a lot of fat 肥的: * fat meat 肥肉. 2 (of the body) large in size; containing too much fat （指身体）肥胖的: * If you eat too much chocolate you'll get fat. 吃巧克力太多会发胖. =>Usage 见所附用法. Cf 参看 thin 2. 3 large; round 大的; 圆的: * a big fat apple 又大又圆的苹果. 4 thick; well filled 厚的; 装满的: * a fat wallet, ie one stuffed with banknotes 装满钞票的钱包. 5 rich; fertile 富饶的; 肥沃的: * fat lands 肥沃的土地. 6 (infml 口) large in quantity 大量的: * a fat price, sum, profit, income, etc 高价、 巨额、 暴利、 优厚的收入 * He gave me a nice fat cheque, ie one for a lot of money. 他给了我一张数额很大的支票. 7 (idm 习语) a fat lot (of good, etc) (infml ironic 口, 反语) very little 很少: * A fat lot you care, ie You don't care at all. 你根本就不在乎. * A fat lot of good that did me, ie It didn't help me at all. 对我一点帮助也没有. 派生： fatness n [U]. fatted[5fAtid; 5fAtid] adj (idm 习语) kill the fatted calf => kill. fattish adj rather fat 稍肥的; 略胖的. 复合： fat cat (infml 口 esp US) person who is rich and powerful 有财有势的人; 大亨. `fat-head n (infml 口) stupid person 笨蛋; 傻瓜. `fatstock n [U] animals that are reared and fattened to be killed for food 肉畜（用作肉食的牲畜）. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Fat is the most usual and direct adjective to describe people with excess flesh, but it is not polite *fat是用以指人肥胖的最常用、 最直接的形容词, 但含贬义: That suit's too tight -- it makes you look really fat. 那套衣服太瘦--显得你很胖. More insulting are flabby, which suggests loose flesh, and podgy, used especially of fingers and hands. 贬义更强的词是flabby（指肌肉松弛）和podgy（尤指手指和手）. To be polite we can use plump, suggesting slight or attractive fatness, or stout, indicating overall heaviness of the body. 较礼貌些可用plump（指稍胖或丰满）或stout（指身体胖得匀称）. Tubby is often used in a friendly way of people who are also short, and chubby indicates pleasant roundness in babies and cheeks. *tubby常用以指矮胖的人, 含亲切感, 而chubby则用於婴儿和脸颊, 意为圆胖而可爱. The most neutral term is overweight, while doctors use obese to describe people who are so overweight that they are unhealthy. 最无褒贬含义的词是overweight, 医生则用obese指胖得呈病态的人.

fatal
[5feitl; 5fetl] adj ~ (to sb/sth) 1 causing or ending in death 致命的: * a fatal accident 致命的事故 * fatal injuries 致命伤. 2 causing disaster 灾难性的: * His illness was fatal to our plans, ie caused them to fail. 他生病後我们的计画就落空了. * a fatal mistake 造成严重後果的错误. 3 (fml 文) fateful; decisive 命中注定的; 决定性的: * the fatal day/hour 决定性的一日[时刻]. 派生： fatally adv in a fatal manner 致命地; 灾难性地; 注定地: Many people were fatally wounded during the bomb attacks. 在轰炸期间许多人受了重伤.

fatalism
[5feitElizEm; 5fetl7izEm] n [U] belief that events are decided by fate(1); acceptance of all that happens as inevitable 宿命论; 听天由命. 派生： fatalist[5feitElist; 5fetlist] n person who believes in fate(1) or accepts everything as inevitable 宿命论者; 听天由命者. fatalistic[7feitE'listik; 7fetl'istik] adj showing a belief in fate 宿命论的; 听天由命的: * a fatalistic person, attitude, outlook 听天由命的人、 态度、 观点.

fatality
[fE'tAlEti; fe'tAlEti] n 1 [C] death caused by accident or in war, etc （事故或战争等造成的）死亡: * There have been ten swimming fatalities (ie Ten people have lost their lives while swimming) this summer. 今年夏季已有十人游泳遇溺. 2 [U] sense of being controlled by fate(1) 天数; 命中注定: * There was a strange fatality about their both losing their jobs on the same day. 他们两人同一天失去工作, 真是天意叵测. 3 [U] fatal influence; deadliness 致死的作用; 致命性: * the fatality of certain diseases 某些疾病之致命性.

fate
[feit; fet] n 1 [U] power believed to control all events in a way that cannot be resisted; destiny 命运; 天数; 定数: * I wanted to go to India in June, but fate decided otherwise. 我本想六月去印度, 但天意难遂我愿. 2 [C] (a) person's destiny or future （人的）命运或未来: * The court met to decide our fate(s). 法院开庭以决定我们的命运. * I am resigned to my fate. 我听天由命. (b) death or destruction 死亡; 毁灭: * He met his fate (ie died) bravely. 他死得很英勇. 3 (idm 习语) a ,fate worse than `death (joc 谑) very unpleasant experience 极不愉快的经历; 活受罪: * Having to watch their home movies all evening was a fate worse than death! 整个晚上无可奈何地看他们的家庭电影真受罪! tempt fate/providence => tempt. 派生： fate v [only passive 只用於被动语态: Tf, Cn.t] destine 命中注定; 命该: It was fated (ie Fate decided) that we would fail. 我们注定要失败. * He was fated to die in poverty. 他注定在贫困中死去.

fateful
[5feitfl; 5fetfEl] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] 1 important and decisive 重要的; 决定性的: * fateful events, moments 决定性的事件、 时刻 * a fateful decision 重大的决定. 2 causing or leading to great and usu unpleasant events 造成或导致重大的（通常指坏的）事情的: * His heart sank as he listened to the judge uttering the fateful words. 他听到法官字字千钧的话, 顿时垂头丧气. > fatefully[-fEli; -fEli] adv.

father
1[5fa:TE(r); 5faTl] n 1 male parent 父亲; 爸爸: * That baby looks just like her father! 那婴儿真像她父亲. * You've been (like) a father to me. 您对我一直像父亲一样. =>App 8 见附录8. 2 (usu pl 通常作复数) ancestor 祖先: * the land of our fathers 我们祖先的土地. 3 founder or first leader 创始人; 先驱; 鼻祖: * city fathers 城市中德高望重的元老 * the Pilgrim Fathers, ie English Puritans among the first European settlers in the USA 美国的开国先驱（最早自欧洲移居美洲的英国清教徒） * the Father of English poetry, ie Chaucer 英国诗歌之父（乔叟）. 4 Father God 上帝; 圣父: * Our (Heavenly) Father 我们的天父 * God the Father 上帝. 5 title of certain priests, esp those belonging to religious orders 神父. 6 (idm 习语) be gathered to one's fathers => gather. the child is father of the man => child. from ,father to `son from one generation of a family to the next 家族中从一代人至另一代人: * The farm has been handed down from father to son since 1800. 该农场自1800年起一直代代相传. like ,father, like `son (saying 谚) a son's character, actions, etc resemble, or can be expected to resemble, his father's 有其父必有其子. old enough to be sb's mother/father => old. the wish is father to the thought => wish n. 派生： `fatherhood n [U] state of being a father 作为父亲的身分: The responsibilites of fatherhood are many. 身为人父责任很重. `fatherly adj like or typical of a father 父亲般的; 似父亲的: fatherly advice 慈父般的忠告. 复合： ,Father `Christmas old man with a red robe and a long white beard who symbolizes Christmas festivities 圣诞老人. `father-figure n older man who is respected because he guides and protects others （因指导、 保护他人）受尊敬的男性长者. `father-in-law n[5fa:TEr in lC:; 5faTErin7lC] (pl fathers-in-law) father of one's husband or wife 岳父; 公公. =>App 8 见附录8.

father1
`fatherland n[-lnd; -7lAnd] country where one was born (used esp of Germany) 祖国（尤用以指德国）. ,Father `Time old man, carrying a scythe and an hourglass, who symbolizes time 时间老人（手持大镰刀和沙漏象徵时间的老人）.

fathom
[5fATEm; 5fATEm] n measure (6 feet or 1.8 metres) of the depth of water 英 （水深量度单位, 合6英尺或1.8米）: * The harbour is four fathoms deep. 港深四英 . * The ship sank in twenty fathoms. 该船下沉二十英 . =>App 5 见附录5. 派生： fathom v [Tn] 1 measure the depth of (water) 测量（水的）深度. 2 understand or comprehend (sb/sth) fully 充分理解（某人[某事物]）; 领悟: I cannot fathom his remarks. 我不能完全理解他的话. 3 (phr v) fathom sth out find a reason or explanation for sth 找出某事物的原因或理由: Can you fathom it out? 你能想出是怎麽回事吗? fathomless adj (rhet 修辞) too deep to measure 深不可测的: the fathomless ocean 深不可测的海洋.

fatigue
[fE'ti:g; fE'tig] n 1 [U] great tiredness, usu resulting from hard work or exercise 疲乏; 疲劳; 疲倦: * We were all suffering from fatigue at the end of our journey. 我们到旅程终点时全都累垮了. 2 [U] weakness in metals, etc caused by repeated stress （金属材料的）疲劳: * The aeroplane wing showed signs of metal fatigue. 机翼显出有金属疲劳的现象. 3 [C] non-military duty of soldiers, such as cooking, cleaning, etc 士兵所承担的非军事性工作（如烹饪、 清扫等）: * Instead of training the men were put on fatigues/fatigue duty. 那些士兵没有接受训练, 而是派去做杂务. 4 fatigues [pl] (US) uniform worn for fatigue duty or when in battle （做杂务或打仗时穿的）制服. 派生： fatigue v [Tn] make (sb) very tired 使（某人）非常疲劳: feeling fatigued 感到疲劳 * fatiguing work 累人的工作.

fatted
=> fat1.

fatten
[5fAtn; 5fAtn] v (a) [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sb/sth (up) make sb/sth fat or fatter 使某人[某物]变胖或变肥: * fatten cattle for (the) market 把牛养肥供应市场. (b) [I, Ip] ~ (up) become fat or fatter 变得肥胖: * They're fattening up nicely. 这些动物长膘情况良好.

fatty
[5fAti; 5fAti] adj (-ier, -iest) (a) like fat 似脂肪般的. (b) containing a lot of fat 含脂肪多的; 肥的; 胖的: * fatty bacon 很肥的腌猪肉. 派生： fatty[5fAti; 5fAti] n (infml derog 口, 贬) fat person 胖子.

fatuous
[5fAtFuEs; 5fAtFuEs] adj stupid and silly; foolish 蠢的; 傻的; 笨的: * a fatuous person, smile, remark 笨人、 傻笑、 蠢话. 派生： fatuity/fE'tju:Eti; - -'tu:Eti; fE'tuEti] n 1 [U] state of being fatuous 愚昧. 2 [C] fatuous remark, act, etc 愚昧的言语、 行动等. fatuously adv. fatuousness n [U].

faucet
[5fC:sit; 5fCsit] n 1 tap for a barrel, etc （大桶等上的）龙头, 旋塞. 2 (esp US) any kind of tap （任何）龙头, 旋塞.

fault
[fC:lt; fClt] n 1 [C] imperfection or flaw 缺点; 缺陷; 毛病; 瑕疵; 故障: * I like him despite his faults. 虽然他有种种缺点, 但我仍然喜欢他. * There is a fault in the electrical system. 电路系统出了故障. =>Usage at mistake1 用法见mistake1. 2 [U] (responsibility for a) mistake or offence 过错; 过失: * `Whose fault is this?’ `Mine, I'm afraid.’ ‘这是谁的过错?’‘很抱歉, 是我的错.’ 3 [C] incorrect serve in tennis, etc （网球等）发球失误. 4 [C] (place where there is a) break in the continuity of layers of rock, caused by movement of the earth's crust （地壳运动造成的）断层（处）. 5 (idm 习语) at fault responsible for a mistake; in the wrong 有责任; 有错: * My memory was at fault. 我记错了. find fault => find1. to a `fault excessively 过分地; 过度地: * She is generous to a fault. 她过分慷慨. 派生： fault v [Tn] discover a fault in (sb/sth) 发现（某人[某事物]）有错、 有缺陷等: No one could fault his performance. 他的演出无懈可击. faultless adj. faultlessly adv. faulty adj (-ier, -iest) having a fault or faults; imperfect 有缺点的; 有过失的; 不完善的: a faulty switch 有毛病的开关 * a faulty argument 有错误的论据. faultily adv in a faulty manner 有缺点地; 有过失地; 有错误地. 复合： `faultfinding n [U] (usu derog 通常作贬义) looking for faults in other people's work or behaviour 吹毛求疵; 挑剔.

faun
[fC:n; fCn] n (in Roman myths) god of the fields and woods, with goat's horns and legs but a human torso （罗马神话的）农牧神（躯干呈人形, 角、 腿呈山羊形）.

fauna
[5fC:nE; 5fCnE] n [U, C] (pl ~s) all the animals of an area or a period of time （某地区或某时期的）所有动物: * the fauna of East Africa 东非的动物. Cf 参看 flora.

faux pas
[7fEu 'pa:; 5fo'pa] (pl faux pas[7fEupa:z;'fo 'paz] ) (French 法) embarrassing mistake; indiscreet remark, etc 失态; 失言; 失礼.

favour
1 (US favor)[5feivE(r); 5fevl] n 1 [U] liking; goodwill; approval (used esp with the vs shown) 喜爱; 宠爱; 好感; 欢心; 赞同（尤与下列动词连用）: * win sb's favour 获得某人的好感 * look on a plan with favour, ie approve of it 赞成一项计画. 2 [U] treating one person or group more generously or leniently than others; partiality 偏爱; 偏袒: * He obtained his position more by favour than by merit or ability. 他因得宠而获此地位, 并非有何特长或本事. 3 [C] act of kindness beyond what is due or usual (used esp with the vs shown) 善行, 恩惠（尤与下列动词连用）: * May I ask a favour of you (ie ask you to do sth for me)? 请您帮个忙行吗? * Do me a favour and turn the radio down while I'm on the phone, will you? 劳驾, 我在打电话, 把收音机的声音调小点好吗? 4 [C] small token or badge worn to show that one supports sb/sth （供佩带的）标志或徽章（以示支持某人[某事物]）: * Everyone at the rally wore red ribbons as favours. 参加集会的人都系着红丝带作为支持大会的标记. 5 favours [pl] (used of a woman offering herself freely to a man 用以指女子将自己献给某男子) pleasure through sexual intercourse 性交的快感: * bestow one's favours on sb （指女子）使某人有性交的欢愉 * be (too) free with one's favours （指女子）（过分）随意性交. 6 (idm 习语) be/stand high in sb's favour => high3. be in/out of `favour (with sb); be in/out of sb's `favour have/not have sb's regard, approval, etc 得到[失去]某人的尊重、 赞同等. curry favour => curry2. find, lose, etc favour with sb/in sb`s eyes win/lose sb's approval 得[失]宠於某人; 获得[失去]某人的好感. in favour of sb/sth (a) in sympathy with sb/sth; in support of sb/sth 赞成某人[某事物]; 支持某人[某事物]: * Was he in favour of the death penalty? 他赞成死刑吗? (b) (of cheques) payable to (the account of) sb/sth （指支票）以某人[favour1 /// * Cheques should be written in favour of Oxfam. 支票上请写明以牛津 荒救济委员会为受款人. in sb's favour to the advantage of sb 对某人有利: * The exchange rate is in our favour today, ie will benefit us when we change money. 今天的兑换率对我们有利. * The court decided in his favour. 法庭的判决对他有利. * The decision went in his favour. 这一判决对他有利. without fear or favour => fear1.

favourable
(US favor-)[5feivErEbl; 5fevErEbl] adj 1 (a) giving or showing approval 赞成的; 同意的; 嘉许的: * It's encouraging to receive a favourable report on one's work. 工作得到好评是令人鼓舞的. (b) ~ (to/toward sb/sth) tending to support sb/sth 倾向於支持某人[某事物]的: * Is he favourable to the proposal? 他支持这项建议吗? (c) pleasing; positive 令人高兴的; 肯定的: * You made a favourable impression on the examiners. 你给主考留下了很好的印象. * We formed a very favourable impression of her. 我们对她印象极好. 2 ~ (for sth) helpful; suitable 有帮助的; 合适的: * favourable winds 顺风 * conditions favourable for skiing 适合滑雪的条件. 派生： favourably (US favor-)[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv in a favourable manner 赞成地; 同意地; 嘉许地: * speak favourably of a plan 赞成一项计画 * look favourably on sb 赞许地看着某人.

favourite
(US favor-)[5feivErit; 5fevErit] n ~ (of sb) 1 person or thing liked more than others 特别受喜爱的人或物: * These books are great favourites of mine. 这些是我最喜爱的书. * He is a favourite with his uncle/a favourite of his uncle's/his uncle's favourite. 他伯伯特别喜爱他. 2 the favourite (in racing) the horse, competitor, etc expected to win （竞赛中）认为会获胜的马、 竞争者等: * The favourite came in third. 那个最有希望获胜的却跑了个第叁名. 派生： favourite (US favor-) adj [attrib 作定语] bestliked 最喜欢的: my favourite occupation, hobby, restaurant, aunt 我最喜欢的消遣、 嗜好、 餐馆、 姑母 * Who is your favourite writer? 你最喜欢哪位作家? favouritism (US -vor-)[-izEm; -7izEm] n [U] (derog 贬) practice of giving unfair advantages to the people that one likes best 偏爱; 偏袒; 偏心: * Our teacher is guilty of blatant favouritism. 我们老师有明显的偏心错误.

fawn
1[fC:n; fCn] n 1 [C] deer less than one year old （未满周岁的）幼鹿. Cf 参看 doe, stag 1. 2 [U] light yellowish brown 浅黄褐色: * a raincoat in fawn 浅黄褐色的雨衣. 派生： fawn adj fawn-coloured 浅黄褐色的: a fawn raincoat 浅黄褐色的雨衣.

fax
[fAks; fAks/v [Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) send the copy of (a document, an illustration, etc) by an electronic system using telephone lines 用传真机（使用电话线路通过电子控制系统）传送（文件、 图表等）: Please fax me the layout for the new catalogue. 请用传真机把新目录的版面编排图样传送给我. The plans were faxed to us by our New York office. 这些设计图是我们的纽约办事处用传真机给我们传送来的. 派生：fax n (a) [U] system for sending such a copy 传真系统: sent by fax 由传真系统发送的 [attrib 作定语] a fax machine 传真机. (b) [C] copy sent in this way 传真件.

faze
[feiz; fez] v [Tn] (infml 口 esp US) fluster (sb) 使（某人）紧张或慌张: * She's so calm; nothing seems to faze her. 她很镇静, 遇事不慌.

FBI
[7ef bi: 'ai; 7ef bi 'ai] abbr 缩写 = (US) Federal Bureau of Investigation 联邦调查局: * head of the FBI 联邦调查局的负责人 * an FBI agent 联邦调查局的调查员. Cf 参看 CIA.

FC
abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Football Club 足球俱乐部: Leeds United FC 利兹联合足球俱乐部.

FCO
[7ef si: 'Eu; 7ef si 'o] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Foreign and Commonwealth Office (combined in 1968) 外交和联邦事务部（1968年合并）: * an official from the FCO 外交和联邦事务部的官员. Cf 参看 FO.

FD
[7ef 'di:; 7ef 'di] (also Fid Def) abbr 缩写 = (on British coins) Defender of the Faith (Latin Fidei Defensor) （英国硬币上的）保教者（源自拉丁文Fidei Defensor）.

fealty
[5fi:Elti; 5fiElti] n [C, U] (arch 古) (oath of) loyalty owed by a feudal tenant, etc to his lord （封建时代臣仆对主人的）效忠（的誓言）: * take an oath of fealty 宣誓（对封建领主的）效忠.

fear
1[fiE(r); fir] n 1 (a) [U] emotion caused by the nearness or possibility of danger, pain, evil, etc 恐惧; 惧怕: * unable to speak from fear 吓得说不出话来 * overcome by fear 被吓坏 * feel, show no fear 毫不畏惧、 毫无惧色. (b) [C] this emotion caused by sth specific （因某事物产生的）畏惧: * a fear of heights 对高处的恐惧 * The doctor's report confirmed our worst fears. 医生的报告证实了我们最为担心的事. * overcome/dispel/allay sb's fears 克服[消除/减轻]某人的恐惧心理. 2 (idm 习语) for fear of sth/of doing sth; for fear (that/lest)... in case; to avoid the danger of sth happening 惟恐; 以免（发生危险）: * We spoke in whispers for fear of waking the baby/for fear (that) we might wake the baby. 我们轻声谈话, 以免吵醒婴儿. hold no fears/terrors for sb not frighten sb 不能使某人感到害怕: * Hang-gliding holds no fears for her. 她一点也不害怕悬挂式滑翔. in fear and trembling in a frightened or cowed manner 恐惧地; 胆怯地: * They went to the teacher in fear and trembling to tell her that they'd broken a window. 他们战战兢兢地去告诉老师, 他们打破了一扇窗户. in fear of sb/sth in a state of fear about sb/sth 处於害怕某人[某事物]的状态: * The thief went in constant fear of discovery. 那贼时刻都在担心被人发现. in ,fear of one's `life anxious for one's own safety 为自己的安全担忧. ,no `fear (infml 口) (used when answering a suggestion) certainly not （用以回应别人的提议）当然不...: * `Are you coming climbing?’ `No fear!’ ‘你来爬山吗?’‘我可不去!’ put the fear of God into sb (infml 口) make sb very frightened 使某人非常恐惧. there's not much fear of sth/that... it is unlikely that sth will happen 某事不太可能发生: * There's not much fear of an enemy attack (taking place). 敌人不太可能发动攻击. without ,fear or `favour (fml 文) showing impartial justice 公正的; 不偏不倚的.

fear1
派生： fearful[-fl; -fEl] adj 1 ~ (of sth/of doing sth); ~ (that/lest...) nervous and afraid 紧张而担心的: * fearful of waking the baby/fearful that we might wake the baby 生怕把婴儿吵醒. 2 terrible; horrifying 可怕的; 可怖的: * a fearful railway accident 火车失事惨剧. 3 (infml 口) very great; very bad 极端的: * What a fearful mess!简直是一塌糊涂! fearfully[-fEli; -fEli] adv. fearfulness n [U]. fearless adj ~ (of sth) not afraid (of sth) （对某事物）不怕的; 无畏的: a fearless mountaineer 无畏的爬山者 * fearless of the consequences 不计後果的. fearlessly adv. fearlessness n [U]. fearsome[5fiEsEm; 5firsEm] adj frightening in appearance 样子可怕的: * The battlefield was a fearsome sight. 这战场的情景触目惊心. * (fig 比喻) a fearsome task, ie one that frightens by being difficult 令人望而却步的任务.

feasible
[5fi:zEbl; 5fizEbl] adj that can be done; practicable; possible 可做的; 可实行的; 可能的: * a feasible idea, suggestion, scheme, etc 切实可行的主意、 建议、 计画等 * It's not feasible to follow your proposals. 按照你的建议去做是行不通的. > feasibility[7fi:zE-'bilEti; 7fizE'bilEti] n [U]: * [attrib 作定语] We should do a feasibility study before adopting the new proposals. 我们在采用这些新建议之前应进行可行性研究. feasibly[-EblI; -EblI/ adv.

feast
[fi:st; fist] n 1 (a) unusually large or elaborate meal 盛宴; 宴会. (b) (fig 比喻) thing that pleases the mind or the senses with its richness or variety 赏心悦目的事物: * a feast of colours, sounds, etc 赏心悦目的颜色、 悦耳动听的声音. 2 religious festival celebrated with rejoicing 欢乐的宗教节日: * the feast of Christmas 圣诞佳节. 派生： feast v 1 (a) [I, Ipr] ~ (on sth) enjoy a feast 宴饮; 参加宴会: They celebrated by feasting all day. 他们整天大吃大喝地庆祝. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (with sth) provide sb with a feast 设宴款待（某人）; 宴请（某人）: They feasted their guests with delicacies. 他们用美味佳肴款待客人. 2 (idm 习语) feast one's eyes (on sb/sth)enjoy the beauty of sb/sth 欣赏某人[某物]之美; 饱眼福: She feasted her eyes on the beauty of the valley. 她饱览那山谷的美景.

feat
[fi:t; fit] n successful completion of sth needing skill, strength or courage 技艺; 武艺; 功绩; 伟业: * brilliant feats of engineering 工程上的伟绩 * perform feats of daring 表演惊险的技艺. =>Usage at act1 用法见act1.

feather
1[5feTE(r); 5feTl] n 1 any of the many light fringed structures that grow from a bird's skin and cover its body 羽毛. =>illus 见插图. 2 (idm 习语) birds of a feather => bird. (be) a `feather in one's cap an achievement, etc that one can be proud of 可引以自豪的成就等: * Winning the gold medal was yet another feather in her cap. 夺得金牌是她又一值得骄傲的成就. light as air/as a feather => light1. ruffle sb's feathers => ruffle. show the white feather => show2. smooth sb`s ruffled feathers => smooth2. you could have knocked me down with a feather => knock2. 派生： feathery[5feTEri; 5feTEri] adj 1 light and soft like feathers 轻而软的; 似羽毛的: * feathery snowflakes 羽毛般的雪片. 2 covered or adorned with feathers 长着羽毛的; 饰有羽毛的: * a feathery hat 饰有羽毛的帽子. 复合： ,feather `bed mattress stuffed with feathers 羽绒褥垫. ,feather-`bed v (-dd-) [Tn] make things easy for (sb), esp by helping financially; pamper 使（某人）安逸或予以方便（尤指资助）; 娇养: They have been so feather-bedded in the past that they can't cope with hardship now. 他们一直娇生惯养, 所以现在过不了苦日子. `feather-brained adj (derog 贬) foolish; silly 愚蠢的; 没头脑的. `featherweight n 1 boxer weighing between 53.5 and 57 kilograms, next above bantamweight 次轻量级拳击手（体重在53.5至57公斤间, 高於最轻量级）. 2 (a) (infml 口) thing or person that is light in weight 重量轻的物或人. (b) (infml derog 口, 贬) thing or person of little merit or importance 微不足道的事物或人.

feature
[5fi:tFE(r); 5fitFl] n 1 (a) [C] one of the named parts of the face (eg nose, mouth, eyes) which together form its appearance 面部的一部分（如鼻、 口、 眼）: * His eyes are his most striking feature. 他面部最突出的部分是那双眼睛. =>illus at head 见head插图. (b) features [pl] face viewed as a whole 面貌; 容貌: * a woman of handsome, striking, delicate, etc features 相貌漂亮、 动人、 秀气等的女子. 2 [C] distinctive characteristic; aspect 特徵; 特色; 特点: * an interesting feature of city life 城市生活的一个有趣特点 * memorable features of the Scottish landscape 苏格兰景色中令人难忘的特徵 * Many examples and extra grammatical information are among the special features of this dictionary. 本词典别具特色, 诸如例证多及新增语法要点等. 3 [C] (a) ~ (on sb/sth) (in newspapers, television, etc) special or prominent article or programme (about sb/sth) （报纸、 电视等中）（关於某人[某事物]的）特写或专题节目: * This magazine will be running a special feature on education next week. 这一杂志下周要发表一篇关於教育的专题文章. (b) full-length film as part of a cinema programme （电影的）正片, 故事片: * the main feature following the cartoon 动画片之後的正片 * [attrib 作定语] a feature film 故事片. 派生： feature 1 v [Tn] give a prominent part to (sb/sth) 给（某人[某事物]）以显着地位; 由（某人[某物]）主演: a film that features a new French actress 由法国新女星主演的电影. 2 [Ipr] ~ in sth have an important or prominent part in sth 在某事物中起重要作用或扮演主要角色: Does a new job feature in your future plans? 新的工作在你的未来计画中十分重要吗? featureless adj without distinct features (feature 2); uninteresting 无特色的; 无趣味的.

Feb
[in informal use 俗读作 feb; feb] abbr 缩写 = February: * 18 Feb 1934 1934年2月18日.

febrile
[5fi:brail; 5fibrail] adj (fml 文) (a) caused by a fever 发烧引起的: * a febrile cough 发烧引起的咳嗽. (b) having a fever 发烧的: * a febrile patient 发烧的病人.

February
[5februEri; - -ueri; 5febru7eri] n [U, C] (abbr 缩写 Feb) the second month of the year, next after January 二月. For the uses of February see the examples at April. 关於February的用法见April词条中的示例.

feces
(US) = faeces. > fecal (US) = faecal (faeces).

feckless
[5feklis; 5feklis] adj (derog 贬) inefficient; irresponsible 效率低的; 不负责任的. > fecklessly adv. fecklessness n [U].

fecund
[5fi:kEnd, 'fekEnd; 5fikEnd, 'fekEnd] adj (fml 文) fertile; productive 肥沃的; 多产的; 丰饶的: * (fig 比喻) a fecund imagination 丰富的想像力. > fecundity/fi'kQndEti; fi'kQndEti] n [U].

Fed
[fed; fed] n (US infml 口) member of the Federal Bureau of Investigation 联邦调查局成员.

fed up
[7fed 'Qp; 7fed 'Qp] adj [pred 作表语] ~ (about/ with sb/sth) (infml 口) tired or bored; unhappy or depressed 厌倦; 厌烦; 不愉快; 沮丧: What's the matter? You look pretty fed up. 怎麽啦? 你显得那麽不高兴. * I'm fed up with waiting for her to telephone. 我等她的电话都等得不耐烦了.

federal
[5fedErEl; 5fedErEl] adj 1 of a system of government in which several states unite, usu for foreign policy, etc, but retain considerable control over their own internal affairs 联邦制的: * federal unity 联邦制的统一. 2 (within a federal system) relating to central rather than local or provincial government （联邦制中）联邦政府的: * The Trans-Canada highway is a federal responsibility. 横跨加拿大的交通干线是由联邦政府管理的. 3 Federal (US) supporting the union party in the US Civil War （美国南北战争中）拥护北部联邦的. 派生： federalism[-izEm; -7izEm] n [U]. federalist[5fedErElist; 5fedErElist] n supporter of federal union or power 联邦主义者. federally adv by the federal government 由联邦政府: This development is federally funded. 这一发展项目是由联邦政府资助的. 复合： ,Federal ,Bureau of Investi`gation (abbr 缩写 FBI) (in the USA) department responsible for investigating violations of federal law and protecting national security （美国的）联邦调查局.

federate
[5fedEreit; 5fedE7ret] v [I] (of states, organizations, etc) unite into a federation （指州、 团体等）组成联邦, 结成同盟. 派生： federation[7fedE'reiFn; 7fedE'reFEn] n 1 [C] union of states in which individual states retain control of many internal matters but in which foreign affairs, defence, etc are the responsibility of the central (federal) government 联邦. 2 [C] similarly organized union of societies, trade unions, etc （社团、 工会等的）联合会. 3 [U] action of forming a federation 结成联邦政府; 联盟.

fee
[fi:; fi] n 1 [C] (a) (usu pl 通常作复数) amount paid for professional advice or service, eg to private teachers, doctors, etc 服务费, 酬金（如付予私人教师、 医生等的）: * pay the lawyer's fees 付律师费 * a bill for school fees 学费帐单. =>Usage at income 用法见income. (b) amount paid to sit an examination, join a club, etc （考试的）报名费、 （加入俱乐部的）会费等: * If you want to join, there's an entrance fee of 20 and an annual membership fee of 10. 入会须缴入会费20英镑, 年费10英镑. 2 [U] (law 律) (a) rights (esp the right to bequeath) in property that one has inherited 不动产继承权（尤指遗赠权）. (b) such property 继承的不动产.

feeble
[5fi:bl; 5fibl] adj (-r, -st) (a) weak; faint 衰弱的; 虚弱的; 微弱的: * a feeble old man 衰弱的老人 * a feeble cry 微弱的喊声. (b) (derog 贬) lacking force 无力的: * a feeble argument, attempt, gesture, excuse 无力的论据、 尝试、 手势、 辩解. > feebleness n [U]. feebly[5fi:bli;'fibli] adv. 复合： ,feeble-`minded adj having less than usual intelligence; mentally subnormal 弱智的; 低能的.

feed
1[fi:d; fid] v (pt, pp fed/fed; fed] ) 1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (on sth) give food to (a person or an animal) 给（人或动物）食物; 喂; 喂养; 饲养: * She has a large family to feed. 她要养活一大家人. * Have the pigs been fed yet? 猪已喂过了吗? * Have you fed the chickens? 你喂过鸡没有? * The baby needs feeding. 这婴儿需要喂了. * The baby can't feed itself yet, ie can't put food into its own mouth. 这婴儿还不会自己吃东西. * What do you feed your dog on? 你用什麽喂狗? (b) [Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth to sb/sth give (a person or an animal) sth as food 给（人或动物）某物作为食物: * feed the baby some more stewed apple 给婴儿多喂些炖苹果 * feed oats to horses 用燕麦喂马. 2 (a) [I, Ipr] ~ (on sth) (of animals, or jokingly of humans) eat （指动物; 但若指人时为戏谑语）吃: * Have you fed yet? 你吃过饭没有? * The cows were feeding on hay in the barn. 母牛正在牲口棚里吃乾草呢. (b) [Tn] serve as food for (a person or an animal) 供（人或动物）作为食物: * There's enough here to feed us all. 这里有足够的食物够我们大家吃的. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ A (with B)[~ B into A supply (sth) with material; supply (material) to sth 给（某物）提供原料; 将（原料）提供给（某物）: * The lake is fed by several small streams. 这湖是由几条小溪的水汇聚而成的. * feed the fire (with wood) 往火里添柴 * The moving belt feeds the machine with raw material/feeds raw material into the machine. 传送带向机器输送原料[把原料输入机器中]. 4 [Tn] (in football, etc) send passes to (a player) （足球赛等）传球给（队友）. 5 (idm 习语) bite the hand that feeds one => bite1. 6 (phr v) feed on sth be nourished or strengthened by sth 受到某事物的滋养; 因某事物而助长: * Hatred feeds on envy. 因妒生恨. feed sb up give extra food to sb to make him more healthy 给（某人）额外食物使其更健康:

feed1
* You look very pale; I think you need feeding up a bit. 你面色不好, 得多吃些东西保养一下. 复合： `feeding-bottle n bottle with a rubber teat for feeding liquid foods to young babies or animals 奶瓶.

feedback
[5fi:dbAk; 5fid7bAk] n [U] 1 information about a product, etc that a user gives back to its supplier, maker, etc 反馈信息: * We need more feedback from the consumer in order to improve our goods. 我们需要从消费者那里多得到些反馈信息以提高产品质量. 2 return of part of the output of a system to its source, esp so as to modify the output 反馈: * The feedback from the computer enables us to update the program. 计算机的反馈能使我们更新程序.

feeder
[5fi:dE(r); 5fidl] n 1 (preceded by an adj 用於形容词之後) thing, esp an animal or a plant, that feeds in a specified way （以某种方式）进食或吸收养料者（尤指动植物）: * a gross, dainty, greedy, etc feeder 吃粗劣食物的、 挑剔的、 贪吃的...进食者. 2 (Brit) baby's bib or feeding-bottle 围嘴; 奶瓶. 3 subsidiary route or means of transport that links outside areas with the main route, service, etc 支路; 支线: * [attrib 作定语] a new feeder road for the motorway 连接高速公路的新支线. 4 feeding apparatus in a machine 机器的进料装置; 进料器.

feel
1[fi:l; fil] v (pt, pp felt/felt; felt] ) 1 [Tn, Tw] explore or perceive (sth) by touching or by holding in the hands 摸, 触, 触摸（某物）: * feel a rock, a piece of cloth, etc 摸摸石头、 布等 * Can you feel the bump on my head? 你能摸到我头上的肿块吗? * Can you tell what this is by feeling it? 你能摸出这是什麽吗? * Feel how rough this is. 摸摸看这东西多粗糙. 2 [Tn, Tng, Tni] (not usu in the continuous tenses 通常不用於进行时态) be aware of or experience (sth physical or emotional); have the sensation of; sense 感觉到, 感受到, 体会到, 体验到（身体上或情绪上的情况）; 有知觉; 觉得: * We all felt the earthquake tremors. 我们都感觉到地震时的颤动. * Can you feel the tension in this room? 你能觉察出这房间里的紧张气氛吗? * After the accident, she couldn't feel anything in her left leg, ie it was numb. 出事以後, 她的左腿失去了知觉. * I can feel a nail sticking into my shoe. 我觉得有钉子扎进鞋里. * I felt something crawl(ing) up my arm. 我觉得有东西顺着我的胳膊向上爬. 3 [La] be in the specified physical, emotional or moral state 身体上、 情绪上或精神上处於某种状态: * feel cold, hungry, comfortable, sad, happy, etc 感到冷、 饿、 舒服、 悲哀、 快乐等 * How are you feeling today? 你今天身体好吗? * You'll feel better after a good night's sleep. 你好好睡上一觉就会好些. * She felt betrayed. 她觉得被人出卖了. * I feel rotten about not taking the children out. 我没带孩子出去觉得很不痛快. 4 [Ipr] ~ (to sb) (like sth/sb) (not in the continuous tenses 不用於进行时态) give a sensation or an impression of sth or of being sth/sb 给人以某种感觉或印象: * The water feels warm. 觉得出这水是温的. * How does it feel to be alone all day? 整日独自一人感觉如何? * Nothing feels right in our new house. 我们新房子里, 样样都觉得不对劲.

feel1
* This wallet feels to me like leather. 我觉得这钱包像是皮的. * It feels like rain, ie seems likely to rain. 好像要下雨. =>Usage 见所附用法. 5 ~ as if .../as though ... (not in the continuous tenses 不用於进行时态) have or give the impression that ... 彷佛觉得...: * I feel as if I'm going to be sick. 我觉得我好像要生病了. * My cold feels as though it's getting better. 我的感冒好像好多了. * It felt as though a great weight had been lifted from us. 我们如释重负. 6 [Tn] be particularly conscious of (sth); be affected by 对（某事）特别敏感; 受...的影响: * He feels the cold a lot. 他很怕冷. * Of all the children, she felt her mother's death the most. 在所有的子女中, 数她对母亲的去世感到最难过. * We all felt the force of her arguments. 我们都觉得她的论据很有力. * Don't you feel the beauty of the countryside? 你是不是觉得郊外的景色很美呀? 7 [I] be capable of sensation 能感觉; 有知觉: * The dead cannot feel. 死人没有知觉. 8 [Tf, Cn.a, Cn.t] have as an opinion; consider; think; believe 认为; 以为; 想; 相信: * We all felt (that) our luck was about to turn. 我们都认为快要转运了. * She felt in her bones that she would succeed. 她坚信自己能成功. * I felt it advisable to do nothing. 我认为最好什麽也别做. * He felt the plan to be unwise/felt that the plan was unwise. 他认为这计画不当. 9 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (about) (for sb/sth) search with the hands, the feet, a stick, etc （用手、 足、 杖等）寻找, 摸索, 探索: * He felt in his pocket for some money. 他在口袋里摸着, 想找些钱. * I had to feel about in the dark for the light switch. 我得在黑暗中摸索着找电灯开关. * She felt along the wall for the door. 她沿着墙摸索着找门. 10 (idm 习语) be/feel called to sth => call2. ,feel `free (infml 口) (said when giving permission 用以表示准许):

feel2
* `May I use your phone?’ `Feel free.’ ‘我借用一下你的电话, 行吗?’‘随便用吧.’ ,feel one's `age realize that one is growing old, as one becomes less strong or one's ideas are thought to be old-fashioned （因体力渐弱或思想守旧）意识到自己老了: * My children's skill with computers really makes me feel my age! 我的孩子使用电脑得心应手确使我觉得自己老了. feel one's `ears burning think or imagine that others are talking about one 觉得耳朵在发烧（认为或猜想有人在谈论自己）. feel `good feel happy, confident, etc 感到愉快、 有信心等: * It makes me feel good to know you like me. 我知道你喜欢我, 感到很高兴. feel (it) in one's `bones (that...) know or sense (sth) intuitively 凭直觉懂得或感到（某事物）: * I know I'm going to fail this exam I can feel it in my bones. 我知道这次考试要不及格--我有这种直觉. feel like sth/doing sth think that one would like (to do/have) sth; want (to do) sth 想要（做）某事物: * I feel like (having) a drink. 我想喝点酒. * We'll go for a walk if you feel like it. 你愿意的话, 咱们就去散散步. feel one's oats (infml 口) be in an energetic and lively mood and act accordingly 感到精神饱满. feel one`self feel fit and healthy 感到有精神: * I don't quite feel my`self today. 我今天有些不舒服. feel the `pinch (infml 口) (begin to) suffer from a lack of (esp) money （开始）感到缺乏（尤指钱）: * The high rate of unemployment is making many families feel the pinch. 失业率很高, 许多家庭感到日子不好过了. feel/take sb's pulse => pulse1. feel one's `way (a) move along carefully, eg in darkness, by touching walls, objects, etc （沿墙壁、 物体等）摸索着走（如在黑暗中）. (b) (fig 比喻) proceed cautiously 谨慎行事: * At this early stage of the negotiations both sides were still feeling their way. 在这谈判的初始阶段, 双方尚十分谨慎. look/feel small => small. make one's presence felt => presence.

feel3
11 (phr v) feel for sb have sympathy for sb 同情, 怜悯（某人）: * I really felt for her when her husband died. 她丈夫死了, 我十分同情她. feel up to (doing) sth consider oneself capable of (doing) sth 认为自己有能力做某事: * If you feel up to it, we could walk into town after lunch. 你要是走得动, 咱们午饭後可以走到城里. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: There are several verbs relating to the five senses of sight, smell, hearing, taste and touch. 有几个动词与视觉、 嗅觉、 听觉、 味觉、 触觉这五种感官有关. They are often used with the verb can. 这些动词常与can连用. Normally, only the simple tenses are used. 通常只用於简单时态. 1 See, smell, hear, taste and feel indicate the experiencing of something through one of the senses *see、 smell、 hear、 taste、 feel分别表示五种感官之一对某物的感知: He saw a light in the window. 他看见窗户里有灯光. * I heard an explosion last night. 我昨晚听到了爆炸声. * I can smell gas. 我闻到有煤气味. 2 These verbs can also indicate somebody's physical ability to perceive with the senses 这些动词还可用以表示某人的感官能力: He can't see, hear, etc very well. 他的视力、 听力等不太好. 3 Look, smell, taste, sound and feel are used to describe how somebody or something is experienced through one of the senses, usually in one of these patterns *look、 smell、 taste、 sound、 feel可用以表示通过五官之一感知某人或某事物, 通常用於下列句型: (a) She looks happy, ie She's smiling. 她看上去很高兴. (b) The wine tastes like water, ie It's very weak. 这酒的味道像水一样. (c) The singer sounds as though she's got a sore throat, ie The sound of her voice suggests that she has a sore throat. 这歌手的声音听起来好像她嗓子疼. 4 Look, smell, listen, taste, feel can indicate that somebody is making a deliberate effort to perceive something *look、 smell、 listen、 taste、 feel可用以表示某人着意要感知某事物: (a) `I can't see the spot.’ `Well look harder.’ ‘我看不到有斑点.’‘再好好看看.’

feel4
(b) `I can't hear any music.’ `Listen carefully.’ ‘我听不出有音乐.’‘再用心听听.’ (c) `I can't taste anything.’ `Try tasting this.’ ‘我 不出有什麽味道.’‘再 这个.’ 5 Feel and look can express the physical or emotional state of a person. *feel和look可表示人的身体或情绪的状态. Here, the continuous tenses can be used 在这种情况下可用进行时态: I feel sick,nervous, disappointed, etc. 我感到不舒服、 紧张、 失望等.* He was feeling tired so he didn't come to the party. 他感到很累, 所以没来参加聚会. * You're looking happy. Have you had good news? 你看来很高兴. 有好消息吗?

feeler
[5fi:lE(r); 5filE] n 1 long slender part in certain animals, esp insects, for testing things by touch 某些动物（尤指昆虫）的触须, 触角. 2 (idm 习语) put out feelers (infml 口) cautiously check the views of others 谨慎地试探别人的观点: * I'll try to put out some feelers to gauge people's reactions to our proposal. 我想试探一下, 看看人们对我们建议的反应. 复合： `feeler gauge one of a set of metal blades used for measuring gaps, etc 测隙规; 厚薄规.

feeling
[5fi:liN; 5filiN] n 1 [U] ability to feel 知觉: * I've lost all feeling in my legs. 我的双腿完全失去了知觉. 2 (a) [C] ~ (of sth) thing that is felt through the mind or the senses 感觉; 感触: * a feeling of hunger, well-being, discomfort, gratitude, joy, etc 饥饿、 健康愉快、 不适、 感激、 快乐等的感觉. (b) [sing] ~ (of sth/that...) vague notion or belief not based wholly on reason （并非完全基於理性的）模糊观念或想法; 预感: * a feeling of danger 对危险的预感 * I can't understand why, but suddenly I had this feeling that something terrible was going to happen. 我说不清为什麽, 但我忽然预感到要出事了. (c) [sing] attitude; opinion 态度; 看法: * The feeling of the meeting (ie The opinion of the majority) was against the proposal. 与会的人大都反对此项提议. * My own feeling is that we should buy it. 我个人的看法是我们应该把它买下来. 3 [U] (a) sensitivity; appreciation 感受力; 鉴赏力: * He plays the piano with great feeling. 他演奏钢琴时表现出极强的感受力. * She hasn't much feeling for the beauty of nature. 她对大自然的美缺少鉴赏力. (b) ~ (for sb/sth) sympathetic understanding (of sb/sth) （对某人[某事物]的）同情, 体谅: * You have no feeling for the sufferings of others. 你对别人的痛苦漠不关心. 4 [C, U] strong emotion, esp of discontent,resentment, etc 激情（尤指不满、 怨恨等）: * The candidate's speech aroused strong feeling(s) on all sides. 那位候选人的讲话激起了各方面的强烈不满. * She spoke with feeling about the high rate of unemployment. 她针对失业率之高慷慨陈辞. * Feeling over the dismissal ran high, ie There was much resentment, anger, etc about it. 对解雇事件群情鼎沸. 5 feelings [pl] person's emotions rather than intellect （与理智相对而言的）感情: * The speaker appealed more to the feelings of her audience than to their reason. 她演讲时并非靠以理服人而是要打动听众的感情.

feeling1
* You've hurt my feelings, ie You've offended me. 你伤了我的感情. 6 (idm 习语) bad/ill `feeling resentment; dissatisfaction 恶感; 反感; 不满: * His rapid promotion caused much bad feeling among his colleagues. 他获迅速提升在同事中引起很大的不满. have mixed feelings about sb/sth => mixed. no hard feelings => hard1. one's better feelings/nature => better1. relieve one's feelings => relieve. a/that sinking feeling => sink1. spare sb's feelings => spare2. 派生： feeling adj 1 sympathetic 有同情心的: She is very feeling/is a very feeling person. 她很有同情心. 2 [attrib 作定语] showing strong emotion; heartfelt 激动的; 衷心的: a feeling remark 恳切的言语. feelingly adv with deep emotion 激动地: He spoke feelingly about his dismissal. 他激动地谈到自己被解雇一事.

feet
pl of foot1.

feign
[fein; fen] v [Tn] pretend (sth) 假装, 冒充, 佯作（某事）: * feign illness, madness, ignorance, etc 装病、 装疯、 佯作无知 * feigned innocence 装出来的清白无辜.

feint
1[feint; fent] n (in war, boxing, fencing, etc) pretended attack to distract an opponent's attention from the main attack （战争、 拳击、 击剑等中的）佯攻, 虚晃. 派生： feint/feint; fent] v [I] make a feint 佯攻; 虚晃.

feisty
[5fi:sti; 5fisti] adj (-ier, -iest) (US infml 口) 1 (approv 褒) spirited; energetic; forceful 精神饱满的; 精力充沛的; 强有力的. 2 (derog 贬) irritable; quarrelsome 脾气坏的; 好争吵的: * a feisty old man 脾气很坏的人.

feldspar
[5feldspa:(r); 5feld7spar] (also felspar/ 5felspB:(r); `fZl9spBr/) n [U] white or red mineral rock that contains aluminium and other silicates 长石.

felicitate
[fE'lisiteit; fE'lisE7tet] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (on sth) (fml 文) congratulate sb 祝贺某人; 向某人道贺. > felicitation/fE7lisi'teiFn; fE7lisE'teFEn] n [U, C usu pl 作不可数名词或可数名词, 後者通常作复数].

felicitous
[fE'lisitEs; fE'lisEtEs] adj (fml 文) (esp of words) well-chosen; apt （尤指词语）经推敲的; 恰当的: * felicitous remarks 恰如其分的言语 * Her choice of music is felicitous. 她选择的音乐很适当. > felicitously adv.

felicity
[fE'lisEti; fE'lisEti] n (fml 文) 1 [U] great happiness 幸福; 快乐. 2 [C, U] (instance of a) pleasing style of speaking or writing （言语文字的）得当, 得体: * the many felicities of her language 她言辞中妙语如珠 * He expressed himself with great felicity. 他表达自己的意思恰到好处.

feline
[5fi:lain; 5filain] adj, n (of or like an) animal of the cat family 猫科动物; （似）猫科的: * walk with a feline grace 轻巧地行走.

fell
1 pt of fall1.

fellatio
[fE'leiFi:Eu; fE'leFio] n [U] (fml 文) stimulation of the penis by sucking or licking 吮吸或舔阴茎之刺激.

fellow
[5felEu; 5felo] n 1 (esp pl, often in compounds 尤作复数, 常用以构成复合词) companion; comrade 同伴; 同志: * `playfellows * `bedfellows * fellows in good fortune, misery 共安乐、 共患难的人 * Her fellows share her interest in computers. 她的同伴跟她一样对计算机感兴趣. 2 [attrib 作定语] of the same class, kind, etc 同阶层的; 同种的; 同类的: * a fellow member 同一组织的成员 * one's ,fellow-`countrymen 同胞. 3 (esp Brit) member of a learned society 学术团体的成员: * Fellow of the Royal Academy 皇家学会会员. 4 member of the governing body of some colleges or universities （某些学院或大学的）董事. 5 (esp US) graduate student holding a fellowship （接受奖学金的）研究生. 6 (fml or rhet 文或修辞) one of a pair 一对中之一: * Here's one of my shoes, but where's its fellow? 我的一只鞋在这里, 另一只在哪里呢? 7 (infml 口) man or boy; chap 男人; 男孩; 小伙子: * He's a nice fellow. 他是个很好的人. * Poor fellow! 可怜的小伙子! * (joc 谑) Where can a fellow (ie Where can I) get a bite to eat round here? 我在附近什麽地方能弄到点吃的? 8 (idm 习语) be hail-fellow-well-met (with sb) => hail. 复合： ,fellow-`feeling n [U] sympathy with sb whose experience, etc one shares （对与自己经历等相同的人所产生的）同情. ,fellow-`traveller n 1 person who sympathizes with the aims of a political party (esp the Communist Party) but is not a member （政党, 尤指共产党的）同路人. 2 person one is travelling with 旅伴.

fellowship
[5felEuFip; 5felo7Fip] n 1 [U] friendly association with others; companionship 友谊; 交情: * enjoy fellowship with people 喜欢与人交往 * fellowship in misfortune 患难之交. 2 (a) [C] group or society of people sharing a common interest or aim （有共同利益或目标的人组成的）团体, 协会, 联谊会. (b) [U] membership in such a group or society （团体、 协会、 联谊会的）会员资格: * admitted to fellowship 获准入会. 3 [C] (esp Brit) position of a (college) fellow （学院中）董事的职位, 研究员的职位. 4 [C] award of money to a graduate student in return for some teaching, research assistance, etc 研究生的奖学金（作为助教、 助研等工作之报酬）: * We give three research fellowships a year. 我们每年给叁个研究生的奖学金.

felony
[5felEni; 5felEni] n [C, U] (law 律) serious crime, eg murder, armed robbery or arson 重罪（如谋杀、 持械抢劫或放火）: * a series of felonies 一连串的重罪案 * be convicted of felony 被判犯有重罪. 派生： felon[5felEn; 5felEn] n person guilty of felony 重罪犯. felonious/fE'lEuniEs; fE'loniEs] adj of or involving felony; criminal 重罪的; 犯重罪的.

felspar
= feldspar.

felt
1 pt, pp of feel1.

felucca
[fE'lQkE; fE'lQkE] n narrow ship with oars or sails or both, used on Mediterranean coasts （用桨或帆或两者皆用的）小船（用於地中海沿岸）.

fem
abbr 缩写 = female; feminine. Cf 参看 masc.

female
[5fi:meil; 5fimel] adj 1 (a) of the sex that can give birth to children or produce eggs 女的; 母的; 雌性的: * a female dog, cat, pig, etc 母狗、 母猫、 母猪. (b) (of plants and flowers) producing fruit （指树木、 花卉）结果实的, 雌性的, 有雌蕊的: * a female fig-tree 雌性无花果树. 2 of or typical of women 妇女的; 女性的; 女性特有的: * female suffrage 妇女选举权 * the female mentality 妇女心态. 3 (of a plug, socket, etc) having a hollow part designed to receive an inserted part （指插头、 插座等）有内孔的, 凹的. 派生： female n 1 female animal or plant 雌性的动物或植物. 2 (often derog 常作贬义) woman 女人: Who on earth is that female he's with? 跟他在一起的那个女人究竟是谁? NOTE ON USAGE 用法: 1 (a) Male and female are nouns and adjectives used to indicate the sex of living things *male和female既可作名词也可作形容词, 用以表示生物的性别: a male/female giraffe, bird, sardine, child, flower, etc 公[母]长颈鹿、 鸟、 沙丁鱼; 男[女]孩子; 雄性的[雌性的]花等 * The males in the herd protect the females and the young. 兽群中的雄性动物保护雌性动物和幼仔. (b) When speaking of humans the adjectives male/female refer especially to the physical features of one sex or the other *male/female作形容词用於人时, 尤指男女的性别特徵: The male voice is deeper than the female. 男性的嗓音比女性的低沉. * the female figure 女性的身材. (c) When speaking about occupations, we usually say: a woman doctor/women doctors (NOT a female doctor/female doctors, though we do say a male doctor, NOT a man doctor). 谈到男女的 职业, 通常说: a woman doctor/ women doctors（不可说a female doctor/ female doctors, 但却一定要说a male doctor, 而不可说a man doctor）. (d) The nouns male/female should not be used to refer to people (as opposed to their qualities, etc) *male/female作名词时不能用以指人. They can give offence, esp female. 用於指人时会引起反感, 尤其是female一词. We use man/woman instead 这时要用man/woman: Men have more body hair than women. 男人的寒毛比女人的多.

female1
2 (a) Masculine and feminine are adjectives used to describe the behaviour, appearance, etc considered normal or acceptable for humans of one sex or the other. *masculine和feminine为形容词, 用以描述所谓正常的或公认的男女之别, 如行为、 外貌等. They can therefore be used of the `opposite' sex: a man can be described as feminine but not female 形容男人可用feminine而不可用female: She dresses in a very feminine way. 她穿得非常女性化. * She has a deep masculine voice. 她的声音像男人的那样低沉. (b) As nouns and adjectives masculine and feminine (as well as neuter) indicate grammatical gender. *masculine和feminine（以及neuter）作名词和形容词, 分别用以指语法中的阳性和阴性（以及中性）.

feminine
[5femEnin; 5femEnin] adj 1 of or like women; having the qualities or appearance considered characteristic of women 女性的; 女人般的; 具有女性气质或外貌特徵的: * a feminine voice, figure, appearance 女性的嗓声、 体形、 容貌. 2 (grammar) belonging to a class of words in English referring to female persons, animals, etc and often having a special form 阴性的: * `Lioness' is the feminine form of `lion'. lioness是lion的阴性形式. * The feminine form of `count' is `countess'. count的阴性形式是countess. 派生： feminine n (grammar) feminine word or gender 阴性词; 阴性. femininity[7femE'ninEti; 7femE'ninEti] n [U] quality of being feminine 女子的气质. =>Usage at female 用法见female. Cf 参看 masculine.

feminism
[5feminizEm; 5femE7nizEm] n [U] (a) belief in the principle that women should have the same rights and opportunities (legal, political, social, economic, etc) as men 男女平等主义. (b) movement in support of this 争取女权运动. 派生： feminist[5feminist; 5femE7nist] n supporter offeminism 男女平等主义者; 争取女权主义者: * Suffragettes were among the first feminists in Britain. 争取选举权的妇女是英国最早的男女平等主义者. * [attrib 作定语] He has strong feminist opinions. 他有强烈的男女平等思想.

femme fatale
[7fm fE'ta:l; 7fAm fE'tal] (pl femmes fatales[7fm fE'ta:l; 7fAm fE'tal] ) (French 法) woman to whom a man feels irresistibly attracted, with dangerous or unhappy results 妖媚迷人的女子（为男子的祸患）: * She was his femme fatale. 她是他的红颜祸水.

femur
[5fi:mE(r); 5fiml] n (pl ~s or femora[5femErE; 5femErE] ) (anatomy 解) thigh-bone 股骨. =>illus at skeleton 见skeleton插图. > femoral[5femErEl;'femErEl] adj.

fen
[fen; fen] n 1 [C] area of low marshy land 沼地; 沼泽. 2 the Fens [pl] low marshy areas in parts of East Anglia （英格兰东部的）沼泽地区. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, pages xiv, xv.

fence
1[fens; fens] n 1 structure of rails, stakes, wire, etc, esp one put round a field or garden to mark a boundary or keep animals from straying 栅栏; 篱笆; 围墙. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page vi. 2 (idm 习语) come down on one side of the fence or the other => side1. sit on the fence => sit. 派生： fence v 1 [Tn] surround, divide, etc (sth) with a fence 用栅栏、 篱笆、 围墙等将（某物）围着或隔开等: Farmers fence their fields. 农人用篱笆把田地围起. * His land was fenced with barbed wire. 他的土地用铁丝网围着. 2 (phr v) fence sb/sth in (a) surround or enclose sb/sth with a fence 用栅栏、 篱笆、 围墙等围着或圈起某人[某物]: The grounds are fenced in to prevent trespassing. 庭院用栅栏围着以防外人进去. (b) restrict the freedom of sb 限制某人的自由: She felt fenced in by domestic routine. 她觉得自己完全被家务事束缚住了. fence sth off separate (one area from another) with a fence 用栅栏、 篱笆、 围墙等将（某处）隔开: One end of the garden was fenced off for chickens. 花园的一端已用篱笆隔开来养鸡. fencing[5fensiN; 5fensiN] [U] material used for making fences, eg wood, wire, etc 制做栅栏、 篱笆、 围墙等的材料（如木材、 金属丝等）.

fend
[fend; fend] v (phr v) fend for one`self take care of or look after oneself; support oneself 照顾自己; 自谋生计; 独立生活: * It is time you left home and learnt to fend for yourself. 你应该离家自立了. fend sth/sb off defend oneself from sth/sb; fight sth/sb off 抵御或抵挡某事物[某人]: * fend off a blow 挡开一击 * The minister had to fend off some awkward questions from reporters. 部长需避开记者提出的某些尴尬的问题. * He tried to kiss her but she fended him off. 他想吻她, 但她把他挡开了.

fender
[5fendE(r); 5fendl] n 1 metal frame placed around a fireplace to prevent burning coal, etc from falling out or young children from falling in 壁炉的栅栏. 2 mass of rope, piece of wood, rubber tyre, etc, hung on the side of a boat to prevent damage, eg when it is alongside a wharf or another boat 护舷垫（船舷悬挂的绳团、 木块、 轮胎等, 防碰损用）. 3 (US) (a) mudguard (mud) of a bicycle, etc （自行车等的）挡泥板. (b) = wing 4.

fennel
[5fenl; 5fenl] n [U] herb with yellow flowers, used for flavouring food 茴香（用以调味）.

feral
[5fiErEl; - 'ferEl; 5ferEl] adj (fml 文) (of animals) wild or savage, esp after escaping from captivity or from life as a pet （指动物）野的, 凶猛的（尤指捕後逃脱或豢养後逃脱者）: * feral cats 野猫.

ferment
1[fE'ment; fl'ment] v [I, Tn] 1 (make sth) change chemically through the action of organic substances (esp yeast) （使某物）发酵: * Fruit juices ferment if they are kept a long time. 果汁放置日久会发酵. * When wine is fermented it gives off bubbles of gas. 酒发酵时会放出气泡. 2 (fig 比喻) excite; stir up 激起; 煽动: * ferment trouble among the factory workers 在工人中引起骚动. 派生： fermentation[7fE:men'teiFn; 7fEmen'teFEn] n [U] (action or process of) fermenting 发酵: * Sugar is converted into alcohol through the process of fermentation. 糖经发酵变成酒精. * The fermentation of milk causes it to curdle. 牛奶发酵会凝结起来.

fern
[fE:n; fEn] n [C, U] type of flowerless plant with feathery green leaves 蕨; 蕨类植物: * ferns growing in pots 长在盆内的蕨类植物 * hillsides covered in fern 长满蕨 类植物的山坡 * a spray of ornamental fern 蕨类植物的枝状饰物. > ferny adj.

ferocious
[fE'rEuFEs; fE'roFEs] adj fierce, violent or savage 残忍的; 凶猛的; 野蛮的: * a ferocious beast 猛兽 * ferocious cruelty 残酷的行为 * a ferocious onslaught 猛攻 * (fig 比喻) a ferocious campaign against us in the press 新闻界对我们的猛烈抨击. > ferociously adv: * snarling ferociously 凶猛地咆哮.

ferocity
[fE'rCsEti; fE'rasEti] n 1 [U] fierceness; violence 凶恶; 残暴; 凶猛: * The lion attacked its victim with great ferocity. 狮子凶猛地扑向猎物. 2 [C] fierce or savage act 凶猛的行为; 暴行.

ferret
[5ferit; 5ferit] n small animal of the weasel family, kept for driving rabbits from their burrows, killing rats, etc 雪貂（用以将兔从洞中逐出、 捕鼠等）. Cf 参看 ermine, weasel. 派生： ferret v 1 [I] (usu 通常作 go ferreting) hunt (rabbits, rats, etc) with ferrets 用雪貂捕猎（兔、 鼠等）. 2 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (about) (for sth) (infml 口) search; rummage 搜寻; 翻找: I spent the day ferreting (about) in the attic (for old photographs). 我一整天都在阁楼上翻找（旧照片）. 3 (phr v) ferret sth out (infml 口) discover sth by searching or asking questions thoroughly （通过搜查或仔细盘问）发现某事物; 查获; 侦破: ferret out a secret, the truth, the facts, etc 查明秘密、 真相、 事实等.

Ferris wheel
[5feris wi:l; - hwi:l; 5feris 7hwil] (in fairgrounds, etc) large upright wheel revolving on a fixed axle and having seats hanging from its rim （游乐场等处的）摩天轮（在垂直转动的巨轮上挂有座位的游乐设施）.

ferroconcrete
[7ferEu'kCNkri:t; 7fero'kankrit] n [U] = reinforced concrete (reinforce).

ferrous
[5ferEs; 5ferEs] adj [attrib 作定语] containing or relating to iron 含铁的; 铁的: * ferrous and non-ferrous metals 黑色及有色金属.

ferrule
[5feru:l; - 'ferEl; 5ferEl] n metal ring or cap placed on the end of a stick, an umbrella, etc to stop it splitting or wearing down （手杖、 伞等顶端的）金属箍, 金属包头.

ferry
[5feri; 5feri] n 1 boat, hovercraft, etc that carries people and goods across a stretch of water 渡船: * The ferry leaves for France at one o'clock. 渡船於一点钟开往法国. * travel by ferry 乘渡船 * [attrib 作定语] the cross-channel ferry service 摆渡服务. 2 place where such a service operates 渡口: * We waited at the ferry for two hours. 我们在渡口等了两小时. 派生： ferry v (pt, pp ferried) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] transport (people or goods) by boat, aeroplane, etc, usu a short distance over a stretch of water, or regularly over a period of time （用船或飞机等）运送（人或货物）（通常指短程的或定期的）: ferry goods to the mainland 将货物运往大陆 * Can you ferry us across? 你能渡我们过去吗? * ferry the children to and from school 接送孩子上学 * planes ferrying food to the refugees 给难民运送食物的飞机. 复合： `ferry-boat n boat used as a ferry 渡船. `ferryman[-mEn; -mEn] n (pl -men[-mEn; -mEn] ) person in charge of a (usu small) ferry 渡船主, 渡船工人（通常指小渡船的）.

fertile
[5fE:tail; - 'fE:rtl; 5fEtl] adj 1 (of land/or soil) able to produce much; rich in nutrients （指土地）肥沃的, 富饶的: * The plains of Alberta are extremely fertile. 艾伯塔平原极其肥沃. 2 (of plants or animals) able to produce fruit or young （指动植物）能结果实的, 能生育的. 3 (of seeds or eggs) capable of developing into a new plant or animal; fertilized （指籽、 卵）能发芽的, 能孵的, 受精的. 4 (of a person's mind) full of new ideas; inventive （指人的头脑）主意多的, 有创造力的: * have a fertile imagination 有丰富的想像力. Cf 参看 sterile. 派生： fertility/fE'tilEti; fE'tilEti] n [U] state or condition of being fertile 肥沃; 多产; 丰富: * the fertility of the soil 土地的肥沃 * great fertility of mind 丰富的智慧.

fertilize, fertilise
[5fE:tElaiz; 5fEtl7aiz] v [Tn] 1 introduce pollen or sperm into (a plant, an egg or a female animal) so that it develops seed or young 使（动植物）受孕, 受精, 受粉: * Flowers are often fertilized by bees as they gather nectar. 蜜蜂采蜜时常使花受粉. 2 make (soil, etc) fertile or productive 使（土地等）肥沃, 多产: * fertilize the garden with manure 给花园施肥. 派生： fertilization, -isation[7fE:tElai'zeiFn; - -li'z-;7fEtlE'zeFEn] n [U]: * successful fertilization by the male 授精; 受胎. fertilizer, -iser n [U, C] natural or artificial substance added to soil to make it more fertile 肥料; 化肥: Get some more fertilizer for the garden. 给花园再多施些肥料. * Bone-meal and nitrates are common fertilizers. 骨粉和硝酸盐是普通的肥料. Cf 参看 manure.

fervent
[5fE:vEnt; 5fEvEnt] (also fervid) adj showing warmth and sincerity of feeling; enthusiastic; passionate 热诚的; 热情的; 热烈的; 强烈的: * a fervent farewell speech 热情的告别演说 * fervent love, hatred, etc 强烈的爱、 恨等 * a fervent admirer 痴心的倾慕者. > fervently adv: * believe fervently in eventual victory 坚信最後会取得胜利.

fervid
[5fE:vid; 5fEvid] adj (fml 文) = fervent. > fervidly adv.

fervour
(US fervor)[5fE:vE(r); 5fEvl] n [U] strength or warmth of feeling; enthusiasm 热烈; 热诚; 热情: * speak with great fervour 热情洋溢地说.

festal
[5festl; 5festl] adj (fml 文) of a festival; gay and joyful 节日的; 欢乐的. Cf 参看 festive.

fester
[5festE(r); 5festl] v [I] 1 (of a cut or wound) become infected and filled with pus （指伤口）溃烂, 化脓: * a festering sore 化脓的伤处. 2 (fig 比喻) (of feelings or thoughts) become more bitter and angry （指感情或思想）更加痛苦和愤怒: * The resentment festered in his mind. 他心中的愤恨有增无已.

festival
[5festEvl; 5festEvl] n 1 (day or time of) religious or other celebration 节日; 节期; 喜庆日: * Christmas and Easter are Christian festivals. 圣诞节和复活节是基督教的节日. * [attrib 作定语] a festival atmosphere 节日的气氛. 2 series of performances of music, drama, films, etc given periodically （音乐、 戏剧、 电影等的）会演: * the Edinburgh Festival 爱丁堡艺术会演 * a jazz festival 爵士音乐会演.

festive
[5festiv; 5festiv] adj of or suitable for a feast or festival; joyous 欢宴的; 节日的; 欢乐的: * the festive season, ie Christmas 欢乐的节日（即圣诞节） * The whole town is in festive mood. 全镇沉浸在节日的气氛之中. Cf 参看 festal.

festivity
[fe'stivEti; fes'tivEti] n 1 [U] rejoicing; merry-making 欢宴; 欢庆; 欢乐: * The royal wedding was an occasion of great festivity. 皇室婚礼是喜庆的盛事. 2 festivities [pl] festive, joyful events; celebrations 庆典; 喜庆: * wedding festivities 结婚庆典.

festoon
[fe'stu:n; fes'tun] n chain of flowers, leaves, ribbons, etc hung in a curve or loop as a decoration 花彩. 派生： festoon v [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (with sth) decorate sb/sth with festoons 给某人[某物]饰以花彩: a room festooned with paper streamers 饰有纸带花彩的房间.

fetal
=> foetus.

fetch
[fetF; fetF] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~sb/sth (for sb) go for and bring back sb/sth 接来（某人）[取来（某物）]: * Fetch a doctor at once. 快去请医生来. * Please fetch the children from school. 请到学校把孩子接回来. * The chair is in the garden; please fetch it in. 椅子在花园里, 请把它搬进来. * Should I fetch you your coat/fetch your coat for you from the next room? 要我去隔壁房间把你的大衣拿来吗? 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] (dated 旧) cause (sth) to come out 使（某物）出来; 使发出: * fetched a deep sigh 发出深深的叹息 * fetch tears to the eyes 使泪水涌上眼眶. 3 [Tn, Dn.n] (of goods) be sold for (a price) （指货物）售得, 卖得（某价钱）: * The picture should fetch 2000 at auction. 这张画拍卖可得2000英镑. * Those old books won't fetch (you) much. 这些旧书卖不了多少钱. 4 [Dn.n] (infml 口) give (a blow) to (sb) 给（某人）（一击）: * She fetched him a terrific slap in the face. 她狠狠地给了他一记耳光. 5 (idm 习语) fetch and `carry (for sb) act like a servant (for sb); be busy with small duties 供（某人）差遣; 忙於杂务: * He expects his daughter to fetch and carry for him all day. 他希望女儿终日听他支使. 6 (phr v) fetch up (infml 口) arrive at a certain place or in a certain position; land up 到达; 处於: * Where on earth have we fetched up now? 我们现在究竟到哪里了?

fetching
[5fetFiN; 5fetFiN] adj (dated infml 旧, 口) attractive 迷人的; 吸引人的: * a fetching smile 迷人的微笑 * You look very fetching in that hat. 你戴着这顶帽子显得格外动人. > fetchingly adv.

fete
[feit; fet] n outdoor entertainment or sale, usu to raise money for a special purpose （室外举行的）游乐会, 义卖会: * the school/village/church fete 学校[村民/教会]举办的义卖会. 派生： fete v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] honour or entertain (sb) in a special way 特别款待或招待（某人）: The queen was feted wherever she went. 女王不论走到哪里都受到盛情款待.

fetid
[5fetid, 'fi:tid; 5fetid, 'fitid] adj smelling foul or unpleasant; stinking 有恶臭的; 臭的: * fetid air 臭气.

fetish
[5fetiF; 5fetiF] n 1 object that is worshipped, esp because a spirit is believed to live in it 物神（尤指认为有神灵寓於其中而受膜拜的）. 2 (a) thing to which more respect or attention is given than is normal or sensible 受到过分崇拜或注意的东西: * He makes a fetish of his new car. 他把自己的新汽车奉若神明. (b) object or activity that is necessary for or adds to an individual's sexual pleasure; fixation 能引起或增强个人性快感的物体或活动; 不正常的依恋; 固恋: * Women's underclothes are a common fetish. 女人的内衣裤是常见的能引起性快感的恋物. > fetishism n [U]: * magazines which cater to fetishism in men 迎合男子异常性兴奋需要的杂志. fetishist n.

fetlock
[5fetlCk; 5fet7lak] n part of a horse's leg above and behind the hoof, where a tuft of hair grows 球节（马蹄上生距毛的突起部分）. =>illus at horse 见horse插图.

fetter
[5fetE(r); 5fetl] n (usu pl 通常作复数) 1 chain put round the feet of a person or animal to limit movement 脚镣; （动物的）足械: * The prisoner was kept in fetters. 犯人戴着脚镣. 2 (fig 比喻) thing that restricts or hinders 桎梏; 束缚; 甦绊: * the fetters of poverty 贫困的束缚. 派生： fetter v [Tn] 1 put (sb) in fetters 给（某人）戴上脚镣. 2 restrict or hinder (sb) in any way 束缚或阻碍（某人）: I hate being fettered by petty rules and regulations. 我讨厌受清规戒律的束缚.

fettle
[5fetl; 5fetl] n (idm 习语) in fine, good, etc `fettle fit and cheerful 健壮而愉快: * The team are all in excellent fettle. 队员们个个精神抖擞、 神采奕奕.

fetus
= foetus.

feud
[fju:d; fjud] n long and bitter quarrel between two people, families or groups （两人、 家族或团体间的）长期不和, 世仇: * a long-standing feud 夙怨 * Because of a family feud, he never spoke to his wife's parents for years. 由於两家不和, 他已多年不与岳父母说话. 派生： feud v [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb/sth) carry on a feud 长期争斗; 结世仇: feuding neighbours 长期不睦的邻居 * The two tribes are always feuding (with each other). 这两个部落一直争斗不休.

feudal
[5fju:dl; 5fjudl] adj of or according to the system as during the Middle Ages in Europe, under which people receive land and protection from the landowner and work and fight for him in return 封建的; 封建制度的: * feudal law 封建制度的法律 * the feudal barons 封建贵族 * The way some landowners treat their tenants today seems almost feudal. 今天有些地主仍以近乎封建的方式对待佃农. 派生： feudalism[-dElizEm; -dlizEm] n [U] (attitudes and structure of) the feudal system 封建制度; 封建主义. feudalistic[7fju:dE'listik; 7fjudl'istik] adj.

fever
[5fi:vE(r); 5fivl] n 1 [C, U] abnormally high body temperature, esp as a sign of illness 发烧; 发热: * He has a high fever. 他发高烧. * Aspirin can reduce fever. 阿司匹林可以退烧. 2 [U] specified disease in which (a) fever occurs 热病: * yellow, typhoid, rheumatic, etc fever 黄热病、 伤寒、 风湿热. 3 [sing] (state of) nervous excitement or agitation 兴奋; 激动: * He waited for her arrival in a fever of impatience. 他激动不安地等待她到来. 4 (idm 习语) at/to `fever pitch at/to a high level of excitement 高度兴奋; 极为激动: * The speaker brought the crowd to fever pitch. 演讲者激起群众高昂的情绪. 派生： fevered adj [attrib 作定语] 1 affected by or suffering from a fever 发烧的; 发热的: She cooled her child's fevered brow. 她给孩子滚烫的额头降温. 2 highly excited 激动的; 高度兴奋的: a fevered imagination 奔放的想像力. feverish[5fi:vEriF; 5fivEriF] adj 1 having a fever; caused or accompanied by a fever 发烧的; 发烧引起的; 伴有发烧的: * The child's body felt feverish. 这孩子身上发烧. * During her illness she had feverish dreams. 她生病期间因发烧而做梦. 2 excited; restless 激动的; 焦躁不安的: * with feverish haste 急匆匆地. feverishly adv very quickly or excitedly 心急如焚地: * searching feverishly for her missing jewels 心急火燎地寻找她丢失的珠宝.

few
1[fju:; fju] indef det, adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (-er, -est) 1 (used with pl [C] ns and a pl v 与复数可数名词和动词复数形式连用) not many 不多; 很少: * Few people live to be 100. 很少有人活到一百岁. * a man/woman of few words, ie one who speaks very little 沉默寡言的人 * There are fewer cars parked outside than yesterday. 外面停的汽车比昨天少. * The police found very few clues to the murderer's identity. 警方对杀人凶手的线索所知甚少. * There are very few opportunities for promotion. 晋升的机会很少. * The few houses we have seen are in terrible condition. 我们见到的为数不多的几所房子都非常糟糕. * There were too few people at the meeting. 参加会议的人寥寥无几. * Accidents on site are few. 工地上事故不多. (Cf 参看 There are few accidents on site. ) =>Usage at less 用法见less. =>Usage at much1 用法见much1. 2 (idm 习语) ,few and ,far be`tween infrequent, with long periods of waiting involved 少的（要等候很久的）: * The buses to our village are few and far between. 到我们村的公共汽车很少. * The sunny intervals we were promised have been few and far between. 我们原可望能有几阵晴天, 结果却很稀少. 派生： few indef pron not many people, things, places, etc 很少的人、 物、 地方等. (a) (referring back 用以复指前文): Of the 150 passengers, few escaped injury. 150名乘客中鲜有未受伤者. * Few can deny the impact of his leadership. 几乎没有人能否定他的领导作用. * (saying 谚) Many are called but few are chosen. 邀请的人多, 选上的人少. * Hundreds of new records are produced each week but few (of them) get into the charts. 每周推出数以百计的新唱片, 但（其中）没有几张能进入每周流行榜. (b) (referring forward 用以预指後文): Few of us will still be alive in the year 2050. 我们很少有人能活到2050年. * The few who came to the concert enjoyed it. 来听音乐会的少数几个人喜欢这场音乐会.

few1
* We saw few of the sights as we were only there for two hours. 我们在那里只待了两个小时, 因此没怎麽游览. the few n [pl v] the minority 少数: a voice for the few 代表少数人的意见.

fey
[fei; fe] adj 1 (Scot 苏格兰) having a feeling of approaching death; able to foretell disaster 感到死期近的; 能预知灾难的. 2 having a strange whimsical charm 有稀奇古怪的魔力的. 3 (derog 贬) (of a person and his behaviour) not serious; frivolous （指人及其行为）不认真的, 轻浮的. > feyness n [U].

fez
[fez; fez] n (pl fezzes) red felt hat with a flat top and a tassle but no brim, worn by men in certain Muslim countries （某些回教国家男子戴的平顶无边的）红毡帽. =>illus at hat 见hat插图.

ff
abbr 缩写 = 1 and the following (pages, lines, etc) 及其後的（页、 行等）: early childhood, p 10 ff, eg in the index of a book 童年时期, 自第10页起（如见於书目中）. 2 (music 音) very loudly (Italian fortissimo) 极强的; 非常响的（源自意大利文fortissimo）. Cf 参看 pp 3.

fiance
(fem 阴性作 fiancee)[fi'Cnsei; - 7fi:a:n'sei;7fian'se] n man or woman to whom one is engaged to be married 未婚夫; 未婚妻: * his fiancee 他的未婚妻 * her fiance 她的未婚夫.

fiasco
[fi'AskEu; fi'Asko] n (pl ~s; US also ~es) complete and ridiculous failure 彻底的失败; 惨败; 大出丑: * The party was a total fiasco because the wrong date was given on the invitations. 那个聚会落得一场空, 因为请帖上的日期弄错了.

fiat
[5faiAt; - also 'fi:Et; 5faiAt, 'fiEt] n [C, U] (fml 文) formal authorization, order or decree 谕; 命令; 法令: * The opening of a market stall is governed by municipal fiat. 开设市场摊位受市政法令管制.

fib
[fib; fib] n (infml 口) untrue statement, esp about sth unimportant 谎言; （尤指无伤大雅的）小谎: * Stop telling such silly fibs. 别说这种傻乎乎的谎话了. Cf 参看 lie1 n. 派生： fib v (-bb-) [I] say untrue things; tell a fib or fibs 说假话; 撒小谎: Stop fibbing! 别扯谎了! fibber n person who tells fibs 撒小谎的人: You little fibber! 你这个小骗子!

fibre
(US fiber)[5faibE(r); 5faibl] n 1 [C] any of the slender threads of which many animal and plant tissues are formed （动植物的）纤维: * a cotton, wood, nerve, muscle fibre 棉、 木、 神经、 肌肉的纤维. 2 [U] material or substance formed from a mass of fibres 纤维质: * cotton fibre for spinning 用以纺纱的棉纤维 * The muscle fibre of this animal is diseased. 这个动物的肌肉纤维产生了病变. * Eating cereals and fruit will give you plenty of fibre in your diet. 吃谷类食物和水果能多摄取纤维素. 3 [U] (a) texture or structure 质地; 结构: * material of coarse fibre 粗糙的材料. (b) (fig 比喻) person's character 品格; 性情: * a woman of strong moral fibre 道德观念强的女子. 派生： fibrous[5faibrEs; 5faibrEs] adj like or made of fibres 似纤维的; 纤维制的. 复合： `fibreboard (US `fiber-), `fibreglass (US `fiber-) ns [U] (also glass fibre) material made from glass fibres and resin, used for insulation and in making cars, boats, etc 玻璃纤维: [attrib 作定语] a fibreglass racing yacht 玻璃纤维赛艇. fibre `optics (US fiber) transmission of information by means of infra-red light signals along a thin glass fibre 光导纤维通讯.

fibrosis
[fai'brEusis; fai'brosis] n [U] abnormal increase or development of fibrous tissue or muscle 纤维变性; 纤维化.

fibrositis
[7faibrE'saitis; 7faibrE'saitis] n [U] inflammation of the fibrous tissue of the body, esp the muscles of the back, causing severe pain and stiffness 纤维织炎; 肌风湿病. Cf 参看 arthritis, rheumatism.

fibula
[5fibjulE; 5fibjElE] n (pl fibulae[-li:; -7li] ) (anatomy 解) outer of the two bones between the knee and the foot 腓骨. =>illus at skeleton 见skeleton插图.

fickle
[5fikl; 5fikl] adj often changing; not constant 易变的; 无常的: * fickle weather, fortune 变化无常的天气、 变幻莫测的命运 * a fickle person, lover, etc, ie not faithfulor loyal 出尔反尔的人、 用情不专的情人. > ficklenessn [U]: * the fickleness of the English climate 英国气候之多变.

fiction
[5fikFn; 5fikFEn] n 1 [U] type of literature (eg novels, stories) describing imaginary events and people 小说: * works of fiction 小说作品 * He writes fiction. 他是写小说的. * Truth is often stranger than fiction. 事实往往比小说更离奇. Cf 参看 non-fiction. 2 [C] thing that is invented or imagined and not strictly true 虚构的或想像出的事; 并非完全真实的事: * a polite fiction, ie sth assumed to be true (though it may not be) for social reasons 冠冕堂皇的应酬话. Cf 参看 fact. 派生： fictional[-FEnl; -FEnl] adj of fiction; told as a story 小说的; 虚构的: * fictional characters 虚构的人物 * a fictional account of life on a farm 描述农场生活的虚构情节.

fictionalize, fictionalise
[5fikFEnElaiz; 5fikFEnE7laiz] v [Tn] write about (a true event) as if it were fiction or in the style of a fictional story, inventing some of the details, characters, etc 将（真实事情）编写成小说: * fictionalized history 演义.

fictitious
[fik'tiFEs; fik'tiFEs] adj imagined or invented; not real 想像的; 虚构的; 假的: * The account he gives of his childhood is quite fictitious. 他把童年往事说得很假. * All the places and characters in my novel are entirely fictitious. 我这篇小说中所有的地点和人物都是虚构的.

Fid Def
[7fid 'def; 7fid 'def] abbr 缩写 = FD.

fiddle
[5fidl; 5fidl] n 1 (infml 口) violin 小提琴. 2 (sl 俚) thing done dishonestly; swindle; fraud 骗局; 欺诈; 欺骗行为: * It's all a fiddle! 完全是骗局! 3 (idm 习语) be on the `fiddle (sl 俚) behave illegally, or dishonestly 干违法的或不正当的事. fit as a fiddle => fit1. play second `fiddle (to sb/sth) be treated as less important than another person, activity, etc 居次位; 当副手: * I have no intention of playing second fiddle to the new director, so I've resigned. 我不想当新董事的副手, 所以辞职了. * His family has had to play second fiddle to his political career. 他因从政而把家庭置於次要地位. 派生： fiddle v 1 [I, Tn] (infml 口) play (a tune on) the violin 用小提琴演奏（曲调）: He learned to fiddle as a young boy. 他自幼学小提琴. 2 [I, Ip] ~ (about/around) play aimlessly; fidget or delay 胡混; 坐立不安; 拖拉; 耽误: Stop fiddling (about) and do some work. 别再瞎混了, 做点事吧. 3 [Ipr] ~ (about/around) with sth play carelessly with sth in one's hands 胡乱摆弄: She fiddled with her watch so much that it broke. 她总胡乱摆弄手表, 结果把它弄坏了. 4 [Tn] (infml 口) falsify (accounts, etc); get (sth) by cheating 篡改（帐目等）; 骗取（某物）: fiddle one's expenses 虚报开支 * He fiddled a free ticket for the match. 他骗得一张那场比赛的免费入场券. fiddler[5fidlE(r); 5fidll] n 1 person who plays the violin 小提琴手. 2 (infml 口) person who cheats; swindler 骗子; 诈骗者. fiddling[5fidliN; 5fidliN] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (infml 口) trivial; unimportant; petty 微不足道的; 无足轻重的; 小的: * fiddling little details 琐碎的细节. fiddly[5fidli; 5fidli] adj (infml 口) awkward to do or use 难弄的; 费事的; 不便使用的: * Changing a fuse is one of those fiddly jobs I hate. 我最不愿意干换保险丝这类活儿了. * This tin-opener is awfully fiddly. 这把罐头刀很不好使.

fiddle1
复合： `fiddlesticks[5fidlstiks; 5fidl7stiks] interj (dated 旧) nonsense 胡扯; 废话.

fidelity
[fi'delEti; - fai-; fai'delEti] n [U] 1 ~ (to sb/sth) (a) loyalty; faithfulness 忠实; 忠贞; 忠诚: * fidelity to one's principles, religion, leader 对自己的原则、 宗教信仰、 领袖的忠诚. (b) accuracy; truthfulness 精确; 真实; 确切: * fidelity to the text of the play 忠实於剧本的原文 * translate sth with the greatest fidelity 极准确地翻译某材料. 2 quality or precision with which sound is reproduced （音响的）保真度: * [attrib 作定语] a high fidelity recording 高保真的录音.

fidget
[5fidVit; 5fidVit] v [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (about) (with sth) make small restless movements, thus annoying other people 烦躁不安（惹人生厌）: * Stop fidgeting! 别坐立不安的! * Hurry up, your father is beginning to fidget, ie show signs of impatience. 快点, 你父亲有些不耐烦了. * It's bad manners to fidget about (with the cutlery) at the table. 用餐时摆弄刀叉玩儿是不雅的. 派生： fidget n 1 [C] person who fidgets 烦躁不安的人: You're such a fidget! 你真是个坐不住的人! 2 the fidgets [pl] restless movements 烦躁; 坐立不安: I always get the fidgets during long meetings. 会议开得长我就坐不住了. fidgety adj restless or inclined to fidget 烦躁的; 坐立不安的: a fidgety child 烦躁不安的孩子 * Travelling in planes makes me fidgety. 我一坐飞机就心神不安.

field
1[fi:ld; fild] n 1 area of land (usu enclosed by a fence, hedge, etc) used for pasturing animals or cultivating crops 田; 地; 牧场: * working in the fields 在田间干活 * a fine field of wheat 一片好麦田. 2 (usu in compounds 通常用以构成复合词) (a) wide area or expanse 辽阔的地方; 原野; 旷野: * an `ice-field, eg around the North Pole. (b) open space used for a specified purpose （作某用途的）场地, 场所: * a `baseball, `cricket, etc field. 3 (usu in compounds 通常用以构成复合词) area from which minerals, etc are obtained 矿区; 产地: * `coalfields * `gold-fields * a new `oilfield. 4 range of a subject, an activity or an interest （某种学科、 活动或兴趣的）领域, 范围, 界: * in the field of politics, art, science, music, etc 在政治、 艺术、 科学、 音乐等领域 * That is outside my field, ie not among the subjects I have studied. 那不在我所研究的范围之内. 5 (a) area or space within which a specified force can be felt 场（存在某种力的效应的范围或空间）: * a magnetic `field 磁场 * the earth's gravitational `field, ie the space in which the earth's gravity has an effect 地球引力场. (b) range over which sth can operate effectively 某物的有效作用范围: * the field of a telescope 望远镜的视野 * one's field of vision, ie the area that one can see 视野 * a gun with a good field of fire 远射程的炮. 6 area or place where a battle is or was fought 战场: * the field of battle/`battlefield 战场. 7 (sport 体) (a) all those taking part or competing in an event （比赛项目的）全体参赛者: * The field includes three world record holders. 参赛者中包括叁名世界记录保持者. (b) (in cricket and baseball) team that is not batting, with regard to their positions on the field （板球和棒球）守队: * bowling to a defensive field 向守队投球.

field1
8 (computing 计) one section of a record, representing a unit of information 字段; 信息组: * The firm's payroll has one field for gross pay and one for net pay. 公司工资单上一部分是原工资, 一部分是实发工资. 9 (idm 习语) hold the field (against sb/sth) not be replaced (by sb/sth); remain dominant 不为（某人[某事物]）所替代; 保持优势: * Einstein's ideas on physics have held the field for years. 爱因斯坦的物理学理论多年来一直保持其权威性. play the `field (infml 口 esp US) avoid committing oneself to one person, activity, etc 不对某一人做出承诺; 不承诺参加某一活动等. take the `field (a) begin a war or battle 开始作战; 上阵. (b) (sport 体) go onto the playing area 开始比赛; 上场. 复合： `field-day n 1 day on which military operations are practised 军事演习日. 2 day or period of great excitement and activity 振奋人心的重要日子或时期: Whenever there's a government scandal the newspapers have a field-day. 政府一有丑闻, 报界便紧张忙碌一阵. 3 (esp US) (a) sports day at a school, college, etc （学校等的）体育比赛日, 运动会. (b) day of outdoor scientific study 野外科研活动日. `field-events n [pl] athletic sports other than races, eg jumping and discus-throwing 田赛（如跳高、 跳远、 掷铁饼）. Cf 参看 track events (track). `field-glasses n = glasses (glass 6). `field hockey (US) = hockey. ,Field `Marshal officer of the highest rank in the British Army （英军的）陆军元帅. =>App 9 见附录9. `field officer major or colonel in the army 陆军校级军官. `field sports outdoor sports, eg hunting, fishing and shooting 野外运动（如打猎、 钓鱼、 射击）. `field-test v [Tn] test (sth) by using it in the conditions for which it is meant 对（某物）进行实地试验: The equipment has all been field-tested. 这些设备都已经过实地试验. n: undergo rigorous field-tests 进行严格的现场试验.

field2
`field-work n 1 [U] practical academic or social work done outside the laboratory or classroom 实地考察工作; 现场调查工作. 2 [C] temporary fortification made by troops 临时 成的防御工事. `field-worker n person who helps in practical field-work 实地考察者; 现场调查者.

fiend
[fi:nd; find] n 1 evil spirit; devil 恶魔; 魔鬼: * the fiends of hell 地狱的魔鬼. 2 (a) very cruel or spiteful person 恶魔般的人; 穷凶极恶的人. (b) person who causes mischief or annoyance 淘气的人; 讨厌的人: * Stop teasing her, you little fiend! 别捉弄她了, 你这个小淘气鬼! 3 (infml 口) person who is fond of or strongly drawn to sth specified 耽於某事物者; 迷; 狂: * a ,fresh-`air fiend 注重呼吸新鲜空气的人. 派生： fiendish adj 1 fierce or cruel 凶猛的; 残酷的: a fiendish temper 残暴的脾气. 2 (infml 口) clever and complicated 巧妙而复杂的: a fiendish plot, plan, idea, etc 巧妙而又复杂的构思、 计画、 主意等. 3 (infml 口) extremely bad, unpleasant or difficult 极坏的; 使人很不愉快的; 极其困难的: fiendish weather 恶劣的天气 * a fiendish problem 难题. fiendishly adv (infml 口) very; extremely 很; 极: a fiendishly difficult puzzle 极难解开的谜 * It's fiendishly cold outside. 外面冷极了.

fierce
[fiEs; firs] adj (-r, -st) 1 violent and angry 凶猛的; 凶狠的; 愤怒的: * fierce dogs, winds, attacks 恶狗、 强风、 猛攻 * look fierce/have a fierce look 样子凶恶. 2 (a) intense 强烈的; 极度的: * fierce concentration, loyalty, hatred 极端集中、 忠诚、 痛恨. (b) unpleasantly or uncontrollably strong 酷烈的; 激烈的: * fierce heat 酷热 * His plan met with fierce opposition. 他的计画遭到激烈反对. > fiercely adv. fierceness n [U].

fiery
[5faiEri; 5fairi] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] 1 (a) like or consisting of fire; flaming 似火的; 含火的; 燃烧着的: * fiery red hair 赤色的毛发 * a fiery sky 火红的天空 * fiery eyes, ie angry and glaring 冒着怒火的目光. (b) very spicy; producing a burning sensation 味道强烈的; 辛辣的: * a fiery Mexican dish 味道强烈的墨西哥菜 * fiery liquor 火辣辣的烈酒. 2 (a) (of a person, his character, etc) quickly or easily made angry （指人、 性格等）暴躁的, 易怒的: * a fiery temper 暴躁的脾气. (b) (of words, etc) intense; passionate （指言语等）激烈的, 充满激情的: * a fiery speech 激昂的演说. (c) full of high spirits 情绪高涨的: * a fiery horse 精神饱满的马. > fierily[-rEli; -rili] adv. fieriness n [U].

fiesta
[fi'estE; fi'estE] n (a) religious festival in Spanish-speaking countries （西班牙语国家的）宗教节日. (b) any holiday or festival 节日; 假日.

FIFA
[5fi:fE; 5fifE] abbr 缩写 = International Association Football Federation (French Federation Internationale de Football Association) 国际足球联合会（源自法文Federation Internationale de Football Association）.

fife
[faif; faif] n small high-pitched musical instrument like a flute, used with drums in military music （军乐中与鼓合奏的）横笛: * [attrib 作定语] a fife and drum band 笛鼓合奏的乐队.

fifteen
[7fif'ti:n; 5fif'tin] pron, det 15; one more than fourteen 15, 十五（个）. => App 4 见附录4. 派生： fifteen n 1 the number 15 *15; 十五. 2 team of Rugby Union players 橄榄球队. fifteenth[7fif'ti:nW; 5fif'tinW] pron, det 15th; next after fourteenth 第15, 第十五（个）. n one of fifteen equal parts of sth 十五分之一. For the uses of fifteen and fifteenth see the examples at five and fifth. 关於fifteen和fifteenth的用法见five和fifth词条中的示例.

fifth
[fifW; fifW] pron, det 5th; next after fourth 第5, 第五（个）: * the fifth in line 第五行 * Today is the fifth (of March). 今天是（叁月）五号. * the fifth book on the list 书单上的第五本书 * This is the fifth day of the conference. 今天是会议的第五天. * Edward V, ie Edward the Fifth 爱德华五世. =>App 4 见附录4. 派生： fifth n one of five equal parts of sth 五分之一: He gave her a fifth of the total amount. 他给了她总量的五分 之一. * They divided the money into fifths and took one fifth each. 他们把钱分成五份, 每人拿了五分之一. fifthly adv in the fifth position or place 在第五个位置或地点. 复合： a ,fifth `column organized group of people working for the enemy within a country at war 第五纵队（战时在国内为敌人工作的组织）.

fifty
[5fifti; 5fifti] pron, det 50; one more than forty-nine 50, 五十（个）. =>App 4 见附录4. 派生： fiftieth[5fiftiEW; 5fiftiiW] pron, det 50th; next after forty-ninth 第50, 第五十（个）. n one of fifty equal parts of sth 五十分之一. fifty n 1 the number 50 *50; 五十. 2 the fifties [pl] numbers, years or temperature from 50 to 59 从50到59的数目、 年数或温度: The total amount is in the fifties. 总共五十多个. * She was born in the fifties, ie in the 1950's. 她生於五十年代. * How warm is it today? It's in the (high/low) fifties. 今天气温有多少度? 五十几度（不到六十度[五十度出头]）. 3 (idm 习语) in one's fifties between the ages of 50 and 60 在50岁到60岁之间: She's in her early/mid/late fifties. 她五十刚出头[五十五岁左右/快六十岁了]. 复合： ,fifty-`fifty adj, adv (infml 口) shared or sharing equally between two 对半（的）; 二一添作五: divide the profits on a fifty-fifty basis, ie take equal shares 平分利润 * a fifty-fifty chance of winning, ie an equal chance of winning or losing 胜负的可能性参半 * We went fifty-fifty on dinner, ie shared the cost equally. 我们平摊用餐费. ,fifty `pence (also ,fifty `p, 50p) (Brit) (coin worth) fifty new pence 五十新便士（的硬币）. For the uses of fifty and fiftieth see the examples at five and fifth. 关於fifty和fiftieth的用法见five和fifth词条中的示例.

fig
[fig; fig] n 1 soft sweet fruit, full of small seeds and often eaten dried 无花果. 2 (also `fig-tree) tree with broad leaves on which this grows 无花果树. 3 (idm 习语) not care/give a `fig (for sb/sth) not care at all; consider (sb/sth) valueless or unimportant 毫不理会; 认为（某人[某事物]）毫无价值或微不足道: * I don't care a fig what others think of me. 我毫不在乎别人对我有什麽想法. 复合： `fig-leaf n leaf of a fig-tree, traditionally used for covering the genital organs of nude bodies in drawings, statues, etc 无花果树叶（传统上用作裸体画像、 雕像等的阴部覆盖物）.

fight
1[fait; fait] v (pt, pp fought/fC:t; fCt] ) 1 (a) [I, Ipr] ~ (against/with sb/sth) struggle against sb/sth using physical force, in a war, battle, etc 搏斗; 打架; 打仗; 作战: * soldiers training to fight 为作战而受训的士兵 * Do stop fighting, boys! 别打了, 小伙子们! * The two dogs were fighting over a bone. 两只狗为一块骨头撕咬. * Britain fought with (ie as an ally of) France against Germany in the last war. 在第二次世界大战中, 英国与法国联合作战抗击德国. * Have you been fighting with (ie against) your brother again? 你又跟弟弟打架了吧? (b) [Tn] struggle thus against (sb) 与（某人）搏斗, 打架, 打仗, 作战: * We must fight the enemy. 我们必须与敌人作战. * The boxer has fought many opponents. 该拳手已与许多对手交锋. 2 [Tn] engage in, take part in or carry on (a battle, etc) 打（仗）; 进行（战斗等）: * fight a war, duel, etc 打仗、 进行决斗 * The government has to fight several by-elections in the coming months. 政府要在数月内进行几次补选. 3 [Ipr, Tn] ~ (against) sth strive to overcome, destroy or prevent sth 争取克服、 战胜、 摧毁或防止（某事物）: * fight (against) poverty, oppression, ignorance 与贫困、 压迫、 愚昧现象作斗争 * fight an eviction notice 努力与驱逐房客通知一事周旋 * fight a fire 救火. 4 [Ipr, Tn.pr] make (one's way) or achieve (sth) by fighting or effort （经奋斗或努力）开（路）或获得（某事物）: * We had to fight (our way) through the crowded streets. 我们得从街道上熙熙攘攘的人群中挤过去. * They fought the bill through Parliament. 他们极力争取使该法案在国会获得通过. 5 [I, Ipr] ~ (about/over sth) quarrel or argue 争吵; 争论: * It's a trivial matter and not worth fighting about. 区区小事不值得争吵. 6 (idm 习语) fight like a `tiger attack sb or defend oneself fiercely 极力攻击某人或保护自己:

fight1
* She fought like a tiger to get what she wanted. 她竭力争取自己想要的东西. fight a losing `battle (against sth) struggle without (hope of) success to achieve or prevent sth 为获得或防止某事物而进行毫无成功希望的斗争: * Anyone who tries to resist the spread of new technology is fighting a losing battle. 想阻止新技术传播的人注定要失败. fight shy of sth/sb be unwilling to undertake (a task) or confront sb; avoid sth/sb 不愿承担（某任务）或面对（某人）; 避开某事物[某人]: * He was unhappy in his job for years but always fought shy of telling his boss. 他多年来工作都很不愉快, 却始终未向老板启齿. fight to the `finish fight until one side wins conclusively 战至分出胜负; 一决雌雄. a ,fighting `chance small but distinct chance of success if a great effort is made 需经极大努力或许有成功的可能. fighting `talk/`words defiant statement or challenge showing that one is ready to fight for sth 挑 的话; 挑战的言语. live like fighting cocks => live2. 7 (phr v) fight back fight with renewed force and strength; show resistance or retaliation 反击; 回击; 抵抗: * After a disastrous first half the team fought back to level the match. 该队在上半场惨败後重整旗鼓以求扳成平局. * Don't let them bully you. Fight back! 别让他们欺侮你. 把他们顶回去! fight sth back/down suppress (feelings, etc) 克制, 抑制（感情等）: * fighting back tears 强忍住眼泪 * fighting down a sense of disgust 抑制厌恶感. fight for sth strive to obtain or accomplish sth 争取获得或完成某事物: * fight for freedom, independence, human rights, etc 争取自由、 独立、 人权等. fight sb/sth off resist or repel sb/sth by fighting 抵抗或击退某人[某事物]: * fighting off repeated enemy attacks 击退敌人一次又一次的进攻 * fight off a cold, a feeling of tiredness 治愈感冒、 驱除疲劳感. fight sth out settle (an argument, a dispute, etc) by fighting 通过斗争使（争论等）得到解决:

fight2
* I can't help them to resolve their quarrel they must fight it out between them. 我无法帮助他们解决争论--他们得打出个结果来. 派生： fighter n 1 person who fights in war or in sport 战士; 战斗者; 游戏或比赛的参加者. 2 (usu approv 通常作褒义) person who does not yield without a struggle 斗士; 奋斗者: She won't give up easily: she's a real fighter. 她不会轻易放弃的, 她十分顽强. 3 fast military aircraft designed to attack other aircraft 战斗机; 歼击机: a,jet-`fighter 喷气式战斗机 * [attrib 作定语] fighter planes 战斗机 * a fighter pilot 战斗机驾驶员. fighting n [U]: outbreaks of street fighting 巷战的爆发.

figment
[5figmEnt; 5figmEnt] n thing that is not real but only imagined (used esp in the expression shown) 想像中的事物, 虚构的事物（尤用於以下示例）: * a figment of sb's imagination 凭空想像出来的事物.

figurative
[5figErEtiv; 5figjErEtiv] adj (abbr 缩写 fig) (of words) used in an imaginative or a metaphorical way rather than literally （指言语）比喻的: * `He exploded with rage' shows a figurative use of the verb `to explode'. ‘他肺都气炸了,’一句中的‘炸’字是比喻用法. > figuratively adv.

figure
1[5figE(r); - 'figjEr; 5figjl] n 1 [C] (a) written symbol for a number, esp 0 to 9 数字（尤指0至9）: * Write the figure `7' for me. 给我写个‘7’字. * He has an income of six figures/a six-figure income, ie 100000 or more. 他有六位数字的收入（至少为100000英镑）. (b) (usu sing 通常作单数) sum of money; price 金额; 价格: * We bought the house at a high/low figure, ie for a high/low price. 我们以高[低]价买下了那所房子. 2 [C] (a) diagram or illustration 图解; 图表: * The figure on page 22 shows a political map of Africa. 第22页的插图是非洲的政区图. (b) geometrical shape enclosed by lines or surfaces 几何图形. 3 [C] decorative pattern or series of movements 装饰性的图案或系列动作: * The skater executed a perfect set of figures. 那个滑冰的人做出了一套完美的花样动作. * [attrib 作定语] figure-skating 花样滑冰. 4 [C] representation of a person or an animal in drawing, painting, etc （绘画等中的）人或动物的像, 画像, 肖像: * The central figure in the painting is the artist's daughter. 画中间的那个人是画家的女儿. 5 [C] human form, esp its appearance, what it suggests, and how it is seen by others 身材; （尤指）体态, 相貌: * have a good figure, ie be slim, shapely, etc 身材苗条 * I'm dieting to keep my figure, ie in order not to get fatter. 我正在节食以保持身材不变（不发胖）. * I saw a figure approaching in the darkness. 我看见黑暗中有个人影走近. * He was once a leading figure in the community, but now he has become a figure of fun, ie His influence was considerable but now he appears merely ridiculous. 他原是该社区的头面人物, 但现在成了人们取笑的对象. * She's a fine figure of a woman, ie pleasing in shape and appearance. 她身材苗条. 6 figures [pl] arithmetic 算术: * Are you good at figures? 你的算术好吗? 7 (idm 习语) cut a fine, poor, sorry, etc `figure have a fine, etc appearance 出众、 出丑、 出洋相等. facts and figures => fact. put a figure on sth quote a price or specify a number for sth 报价; 确定某物的数量:

figure1
* It's impossible to put a figure on the number of homeless after the flood. 水灾过後无家可归的人不计其数. in round figures/numbers => round1. single figures => single. 复合： `figure-head n 1 (esp formerly) large wooden carving, usu representing a human figure, placed at the prow of a ship （尤指旧时的）船首饰像, 破浪神的雕像. =>illus 见插图. 2 (fig 比喻) person in a high position but without any real authority 有名无实的首脑人物; 傀儡. ,figure of `eight (US also figure eight) thing that resembles the number 8 in shape ‘8’字形: skating figures of eight on the ice 在冰上滑‘8’字形. figure of `speech word or phrase used for vivid or dramatic effect and not literally 比喻: I didn't really mean she was in outer space it's just a figure of speech. 我不是说她真在外层空间--这只是打个比方.

figurine
[5figEri:n; - 7figjE'ri:n; 7figjE'rin] n small ornamental statue, esp of a person 小塑像; （尤指）人的雕像.

filament
[5filEmEnt; 5filEmEnt] n 1 very thin strand or fibre, like a thread 细线; 细丝; 线状物. 2 thin wire in a light bulb that glows when electricity is passed through it （电灯泡的）灯丝. =>illus at bulb 见bulb插图.

filch
[filtF; filtF] v [Tn] (infml 口) steal (esp sth of small value) 偷（尤指不贵重的东西）: * Who's filched my pencil? 谁把我的铅笔拿走了?

file
1[fail; fail] n metal tool with a rough surface for cutting, smoothing or shaping hard substances 锉; 锉刀. 派生： file v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.a] cut, smooth or shape (sth) with a file 用锉切削（某物）: file one's fingernails 锉指甲 * file sth smooth 把某物锉光滑 * file an iron bar in two 把铁棒锉成两截. 2 (phr v) file sth down make sth smooth and smaller in size by using a file 将某物锉光滑、 锉小. filings[5failiNz; 5failiNz] n [pl] particles removed by a file 锉屑: * iron filings 铁屑.

filet
[5filei; fi'le] n (also filet mignon[7filei 'mi:njCn;7file 'minjon] ) (US) small tender piece of beef without bones, cut from a sirloin （牛的）里脊: * Two filets mignons, please. 请来两份牛里脊.

filial
[5filiEl; 5filiEl] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of or expected from a son or daughter 子女的: * filial duty 孝道.

filibuster
[5filibQstE(r); 5filE7bQstl] n (esp US) 1 person who tries to delay or prevent the making of decisions in (esp parliamentary) meetings by making long speeches 以冗长的演说拖延或阻挠会议（尤指议会）做出决定的人. 2 such a speech 此种冗长的演说. 派生： filibuster v [I] (esp US) act as a filibuster （以冗长演说）拖延或阻挠: filibustering tactics 藉冗长演说来拖延的战术.

filigree
[5filigri:; 5filE7gri] n [U] fine ornamental work using gold, silver or copper wire （用金丝、 银丝或铜丝制成的）精工饰品: * [attrib 作定语] a filigree brooch 银丝胸针 * filigree ear-rings 金丝耳环.

filings
=> file1.

fill
1[fil; fil] v 1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.a, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (with sth); ~sth (for sb) make sth full (of sth); occupy all of the space in sth 使某物充满（另一物）; 装满; 填满: * fill a hole with sand, a tank with petrol, a hall with people 用沙子把洞填满、 把油箱注满汽油、 大厅里挤满人 * Smoke filled the room. 房间里烟雾弥漫. * The wind filled the sails, ie made them swell out. 这阵风把帆吹得鼓鼓的. * (fig 比喻) I am filled with admiration for your bravery. 我由衷钦佩你英勇绝伦. * fill a bucket full of water 装满一桶水 * Please fill this glass for me/fill me this glass. 请把这个杯子给我斟满. (b) [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) become full 充满; 充塞: * The hall soon filled. 那大厅不久就满了. * The sails filled with wind. 帆在风中张得鼓鼓的. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) block or plug (a hole, gap, etc) 填塞, 堵塞（洞、 隙等）: * A dentist often has to fill teeth. 牙科医生常常给患者补牙. * I must fill that crack in the wall. 我得把墙上的那条裂缝填补好. 3 [Tn] (a) hold (a position) 任（某职）: * She fills the post satisfactorily, ie performs her duties well. 她非常尽职. (b) appoint sb to (a position) 派某人担任（某职）: * The vacancy has already been filled. 那空缺已有人补上了. 4 (idm 习语) fill/fit the bill => bill1. fill sb's shoes take over sb's function, duties, etc and perform them satisfactorily 出色地接替某人的工作、 职务等. 5 (phr v) fill in (for sb) take sb's place for a short time 临时接替某人; 暂代: * My partner is on holiday this week so I'm filling in (for him). 我的合伙人本星期休假, 所以我暂代（他）一下. fill sth in (a) (US also fill sth out) add what is necessary to make sth complete 加入必要内容使某事物完备; 补充: * fill in an application form, ie write one's name and other details required 填写申请表格. (b) fill sth completely 填满（某物）:

fill1
* The hole has been filled in. 洞已填满. (c) spend (time) while waiting for sth （在等候某事物时）打发, 消磨（时间）: * He filled in the rest of the day watching television. 他看电视来打发当天剩下的时间. fill sb `in (on sth) give sb full details (about sth) 向某人提供（关於某事物的）详情: * Can you fill me in on what has been happening? 你能把发生的事情原原本本地告诉我吗? fill `out become larger, rounder or fatter 变得更大、 更圆、 更胖: * Her cheeks began to fill out. 她的脸胖起来了. * He used to be a very thin child but he's filled out a lot recently. 这孩子过去很瘦, 近来胖多了. fill sth out => fill sth in (a). fill (sth) up become or make completely full 充满; 填满; 装满: * The gutter has filled up with mud. 沟槽里都是泥. * fill up the tank with petrol 把油箱装满汽油. 派生： filler n object or material used to fill a hole in sth or to increase the size of sth 填料; 填塞物. 复合： `filling station = petrol station (petrol).

fillet
[5filit; 5filit] n 1 [C, U] piece of meat or fish without bones 无骨的肉片或鱼片: * [attrib 作定语] a/some fillet steak 一块[一些]里脊片. 2 [C] narrow band, ribbon, etc worn round the head to keep the hair in place or as an ornament 束发带; 头带. 派生： fillet v [Tn] cut (meat or fish) into fillets 把（肉或鱼）切成片: grilled filleted sole 烤比目鱼片.

filling
[5filiN; 5filiN] n 1 [C] (process of putting in) material used to fill a hole in a tooth （补牙洞的）填料; 补牙: * I had to have two fillings at the dentist's today. 我今天要请牙医给我补两颗牙. 2 [C, U] food put between slices of bread to make a sandwich, or between layers of cake, etc 馅: * a sponge cake with jam filling 果酱馅饼.

fillip
[5filip; 5filEp] n 1 stimulus or incentive; encouragement刺激; 激励; 鼓励: * an advertising campaign to give a much-needed fillip to sales 刺激销路必不可少的广告运动. 2 quick flick made by pressing a finger against the thumb and then releasing it suddenly 弹指.

filly
[5fili; 5fili] n young female horse 小母马. Cf 参看 colt1, mare1 1.

film
1[film; film] n 1 [C usu sing 通常作单数] ~ (of sth) thin coating or covering on or over sth （某物上）薄薄的一层, 薄膜: * a film of dust 一层灰尘 * a film of oil on water 水面上的一层油 * a film of mist over the land 笼罩大地的一层薄雾. 2 [C, U] roll or sheet of thin flexible light-sensitive material for use in photography 软片; 胶卷: * put a new film in one's camera 在相机里装上新胶卷 * expose/develop 50 feet of film 使50英尺的软片曝光[冲洗50英尺的软片]. 3 [C] motion picture 电影: * What's your favourite film? 你最喜欢哪部电影? * My cousin is in films, ie works in the film industry. 我表兄从事电影业. 派生： filmy adj (-ier, -iest) [usu attrib 通常作定语] thin and almost transparent 薄而近乎透明的: a filmy cotton blouse 极薄的棉质女衬衫. 复合： `film star well-known cinema actor or actress 电影明星. `film-strip n series of transparent still photographs that can be projected separately 幻灯片. `film test photographic test to decide whether sb is suitable to act in films 试镜（以决定某人是否适合演电影）.

filter
[5filtE(r); 5filtl] n 1 device containing paper, sand, cloth, etc used to hold back any solid material or impurities in a liquid or gas passed through it 过滤器: * an oil filter 滤油器 * a coffee filter 咖啡过滤器. =>illus 见插图. 2 screen (esp of coloured glass) that allows light only of certain wavelengths to pass through 滤光镜; 滤色镜: * I took this picture with a red filter. 这张照片我是用红色滤光镜拍摄的. 3 device for suppressing certain electrical or sound waves （电波、 声波的）滤波器. 4 (Brit) device that signals to show that traffic may turn left while other traffic waiting to go straight ahead or turn right is still stopped by a red traffic light （在红灯指示其他车辆不得直行或右转时）指示车辆左转的交通设施. =>illus 见插图. 派生： filter v 1 [Tn] (a) pass (liquid, light, etc) through a filter 过滤（液体、 光等）: It won't take long to filter the coffee. 用不了多少时间就可以把咖啡过滤好. (b) purify (a liquid) by using a filter 滤清（液体）: All drinking water must be filtered. 饮用水均须过滤净化. 2 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ in, out, through, etc (fig 比喻) pass or flow slowly in a specified direction; become known gradually 慢慢传开; 渗透: New ideas are slowly filtering into people's minds. 新思想逐渐深入人心. * The news of the defeat started to filter through. 战败的消息开始传出来. 3 [I] (Brit) (of traffic) turn left while other traffic waiting to go straight ahead or turn right is stopped by a red traffic light （指车辆）左转行驶（有红灯指示其他车辆不得直行或右转）. 复合： `filter-paper n [U] porous paper for filtering liquids 滤纸. `filter-tip n (cigarette one end of which contains a) filter for smoke （香烟的）过滤嘴; 滤嘴香烟. `filter-tipped adj.

filth
[filW; filW] n [U] 1 disgusting dirt 肮脏; 污物: * Look at the filth on your trousers! 看你裤子上的脏东西! 2 offensive and obscene words, literature, magazines, etc 下流的言语、 文学、 杂志等: * How can you read such filth? 你怎麽能看这种乌七八糟的东西? 派生： filthy adj (-ier, -iest) 1 (a) disgustingly dirty 污秽的; 肮脏的: a beggar dressed in filthy rags 衣衫肮脏褴褛的乞丐. (b) obscene 猥亵的; 淫秽的: filthy language猥亵的语言. 2 (infml 口) (esp of weather) very unpleasant （尤指天气）恶劣的: Isn't it a filthy day? 今天天气糟透了! filthily adv. filthiness n [U]. filthy adv 1 in a filthy way 污秽地; 淫秽地: filthy dirty 污秽不堪. 2 (infml 口) very 很; 非常: filthy rich 非常富有. 3 (idm 习语) filthy lucre (derog or joc 贬或谑) money or financial gain 肮脏钱; 不义之财.

filtrate
[5filtreit; 5filtret] n filtered liquid 经过滤的液体. 派生： filtration/fil'treiFn; fil'treFEn] n [U] process of filtering liquid, etc 过滤.

fin
[fin; fin] n 1 thin flat projecting part of a fish, used for swimming and steering 鳍. =>illus at fish 见fish插图. 2 thing shaped like this on eg an aircraft or a rocket that helps to keep it stable 鳍状物（如飞行器或火箭上的尾翅）. =>illus at aircraft 见aircraft插图.

finable
=> fine1.

final
[5fainl; 5fainl] adj 1 [attrib 作定语] of the end; coming last 最终的; 最後的: * the final chapter of a book 书的最後一章. 2 [usu pred 通常作表语] (of a decision, etc) conclusive; decisive; that cannot be changed （指决定等）确定, 决定性, 不可变更: * The judge's ruling is final. 法官的判决是不可改变的. * I'm not coming, and that'sfinal! 我不来了, 就这样定了! 3 (idm 习语) in the last/final analysis => analysis. the last/final straw => straw. 派生： final n 1 (a) last of a series of contests or competitions 决赛: the tennis finals 网球决赛 * the Cup Final, ie the last in a series of esp football matches 优胜杯决赛（尤指足球）. (b) (usu pl 通常作复数) last set of university examinations 大学的毕业考试: sit/take one's finals 参加大学毕业考试 * the law final(s) 法律专业的毕业考试. 2 last edition of a day's newspaper （当天报纸的）最後发行的一版: late night final 晚间最後版. finalist[-nElist; -nlist] n player who takes part in the final(s) of a competition 参加决赛者. finally[-nEli; -nli] adv 1 lastly; in conclusion 最後; 总之: * Finally, I would like to say... 最後, 我想说.... 2 conclusively; decisively 确定地; 决定性地: * We must settle this matter finally. 我们必须彻底解决这一问题. 3 at last; eventually 最终; 终於: * After a long delay the performance finally started. 演出拖延很久, 最後总算开始了.

finale
[fi'na:li; - -'nAli; fE'nAli] n last part of a piece of music or a drama, etc 终曲, 结局（音乐、 戏剧等的最终部分）: * the grand finale of a pantomine 童话剧的大结局.

finality
[fai'nAlEti; fai'nAlEti] n [U] quality or fact of being final 终结; 定局: * She spoke with (an air of) finality, ie gave the impression that there was nothing more to be said or done. 她以做结论式的口吻讲话.

finalize, finalise
[5fainElaiz; 5fainl7aiz] v [Tn] put (sth) into final form; complete 使（某事物）达到最後形式; 使完成: * finalize one's plans, arrangements, etc 把计画、 安排等确定下来. > finalization, -isation[7fainElai-'zeiFn; - -li'z-; 7fainElE'zeFEn] n [U].

finance
[5fainAns, fi'nAns; 5fainAns, fE'nAns] n 1 [U] management of (esp public) money 财务的管理; （尤指）财政: * an expert in finance 财务专家 * the Minister of Finance 财政部长. 2 [U] ~ (for sth) money used or needed to support an undertaking 资金: * Finance for the National Health Service comes from taxpayers. 国家卫生局的资金来自纳税人的税款. 3 finances [pl] money available to a person, company or country （个人、 公司或国家）可动用的钱, 财源, 财力: * Are the firm's finances sound? 这家公司的财务状况可靠吗? 派生： finance v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] provide money for (a project, etc); fund 为（某计画等）提供资金, 提供款项: The scheme is partly financed by a government grant. 此计画有一部分是政府资助的. 复合： `finance company (also `finance house) company that lends money for hire-purchase transactions 信贷公司, 财务公司（贷款给分期付款者的公司）.

financial
[fai'nAnFl, fi'n-; fai'nAnFEl, fE'nA-] adj concerning money and finance 财务的; 金融的; 财政的: * in financial difficulties, ie short of money 处於财务困难之中 * Tokyo and New York are major financial centres. 东京和纽约是主要的金融中心. > financially[-FEli;-FEli] adv. 复合： fi,nancial `year (US fiscal year) period of twelve months over which annual accounts and taxes are calculated 财政年度; 会计年度.

financier
[fai'nAnsiE(r); - 7finEn'siEr; 7finEn'sir] n person engaged in financing businesses, etc on a large scale 财政家; 金融家.

finch
[fintF; fintF] n (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) any of several types of small songbird with short, stubby bills 雀科鸣鸟（任何一种短喙鸣鸟）: * a `chaffinch * a `goldfinch * a `bullfinch.

find
1[faind; faind] v (pt, pp found/faund; faund] ) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p, Cn.a] discover (sth/sb) unexpectedly or by chance; come across 意外或偶然发现（某事物[某人]）; 遇到; 碰到: * Look what I've found. 看我发现了什麽. * I found a 5 note on the pavement. 我在人行道上捡到了一张5英镑的纸币. * He woke up and found himself in hospital. 他醒来发觉自己在医院里. * I was disappointed to find you out (ie that you were out) when I called. 我给你打电话时知道你不在, 十分失望. * We came home and found her asleep on the sofa. 我们回到家, 看到她在沙发上睡着了. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth/sb (for sb) discover sth/sb by searching, inquiry or effort （经寻找、 询问或努力）发现某事物[某人]: * After months of drilling, oil was found off the coast. 经数月钻探, 在沿海找到了石油. * find a cure for cancer 找到治疗癌症的方法 * find an answer to a question 找到问题的答案 * I can find nothing new to say on this subject. 对这个问题, 我提不出什麽新看法. * Can you find me a hotel/find a hotel for me? 你能给我找一家旅馆吗? 3 [Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth/sb (for sb) obtain or get back (esp sth/sb that was lost) 得到或找回（尤指丢失的某物[某人]）: * Did you find the pen you lost? 你丢的笔找到了吗? * The missing child has not been found yet. 失踪的孩子仍未找到. * I'll help you find your shoes/find your shoes for you. 我来帮你找鞋. 4 [Tn] succeed in obtaining (sth); provide or supply 得到（某事物）; 提供; 供给: * I keep meaning to write, but never seem to find (the) time. 我一直想写, 但似乎总是找不到时间. * Who will find the money to pay for this trip? 谁来筹措旅费? 5 [Tf, Cn.a] discover (sth/sb) by experience (to be or do sth); become aware of （凭经验）发现（某事物[某人]）（为某事物或做某事物）; 了解到: * I find (that) it pays to be honest. 我认识到为人诚实终受益.

find1
* How do you find your new job? 你认为你的新工作怎麽样? * She found it difficult to understand him/found him difficult to understand. 她觉得很难理解他. * We found the beds very comfortable. 我们觉得这些床很舒服. * We found him (to be) dishonest. 我们认为他不诚实. 6 [Tn] arrive at (sth) naturally; reach （自然而然）达到; 到达: * Water will always find its own level. 水总会自行流平. * The arrow found its mark. 箭射中了目标. 7 [Tn] (used in a statement of fact, indicating that sth exists 用於对事实的陈述, 说明某事物的存在): * You'll find (ie There is) a teapot in the cupboard. 碗橱里有个茶壶. * These flowers are found (ie exist, grow) only in Africa. 只有在非洲才有这类花. 8 [Cn.a] (law 律) decide and declare as a verdict 断定; 裁决; 宣判: * How do you find the accused? 你如何裁决被告? * The jury found him guilty (of manslaughter). 陪审团裁定他（误杀）罪名成立. 9 (idm 习语) all `found (of wages) with free food and lodging included （指工资）附带免费食宿. be found wanting be shown to be not sufficiently reliable or capable of undertaking a task, etc 表现出不够可靠或能力不够. find fault (with sb/sth) look for and discover mistakes (in sb/sth); complain (about sb/sth) 找（某人[某事物] 的）错; 埋怨（某人[某事物]）: * I have no fault to find with your work. 我对你的工作没有说的. * She's always finding fault (with me). 她总是找（我的）茬儿. find/lose favour with sb/in sb's eyes => favour1. find one's `feet (a) become able to stand, walk, etc steadily 能够站稳、 走稳等: * After a six-week illness it took me some time to find my feet again. 我病了六个星期, 痊愈後很长时间才能站稳. (b) become able to act independently and confidently 能够独立而有信心地行动: * I only recently joined the firm so I'm still finding my feet. 我最近才加入这家公司, 因此还在摸索着干. (not) find it in one's heart/oneself to do sth (usu with can/could 通常与can/could连用) (not) be able to do sth because of kindness or consideration 由於善意或体谅而（不）能做某事物:

find2
* I cannot find it in myself to condemn a mother who steals for a hungry child. 我不忍心责备为饥儿行窃的女人. * Can you find it in your heart to apologize? 你有诚意道歉吗? `find oneself discover one's true abilities, character and desires 发现自己真实的能力、 性格和愿望: * At twenty-two, he's just beginning to find himself. 他在二十二岁时才逐渐发现自己的实际才能. find/meet one's match => match2. find one's own level find and associate with the people with whom one is morally, socially or intellectually equal 找到并结交道德观念、 社会地位或知识层次与自己相当的人. find/lose one's `voice/`tongue be able/unable to speak or express one's opinion 能够[不能够]说出或表达自己的意见: * Tell me what you think or have you lost your tongue? 告诉我你的想法--是否你有口难言? find its wayto... reach a destination naturally 自然达到目的地: * Rivers find their way to the sea. 江河径自流入海洋. find one's way (to...) discover the right route (to a place) 发现（到某处的）途径: * I hope you can find your way home. 我希望你能找到回家的路. * She couldn't find her way out of the building. 她找不到走出大楼的路. take sb as one `finds him accept sb as he is without expecting him to behave in a special way 认为某人就是如此, 并不期望他有其他表现: * We've only just returned from holiday so you must take us as you find us. 我们刚刚度假回来, 所以你看我们就是这副样子. 10 (phr v) find (sth) out learn (sth) by study or inquiry （经研究或询问）获知（某事物）: * Can you find out what time the train leaves? 你能查问出火车什麽时候开吗? find sb out discover sb who has done wrong, lied, etc 发现某人做错事、 说谎等: * He had been cheating the taxman but it was years before he was found out. 他一直欺骗税务局, 但多年之後才被查出. find for/against sb (law 律) give a verdict in favour of/against sb 做出对某人有利[不利]的裁决:

find3
* The jury found for the defendant. 陪审团做了有利於被告的裁决. 派生： finder n 1 person who finds sth 找到某物的人: Lost: one diamond ring. Finder will be rewarded. 寻物: 遗失钻戒一枚, 寻得者将获重酬. 2 small telescope attached to a larger one used for locating an object for observation 寻星镜（附加在大望远镜上便於寻找观察目标的小望远镜）. 3 (idm 习语) ,finders `keepers (saying 谚) whoever finds sth has the right to keep it 谁找到归谁. finding n (usu pl 通常作复数) 1 thing that is discovered as the result of an (official) inquiry （官方的）调查结果: the findings of the Commission 调查团的调查结果 * The report's main finding is that pensions are inadequate. 报告的主要内容是退休金不敷应用. 2 (law 律) decision or verdict of a court or jury 法庭或陪审团的判决或裁决.

fine
1[fain; fain] n sum of money that must be paid as a punishment for breaking a law or rule 罚金; 罚款: * Offenders may be liable to a heavy fine. 触犯者罚款很重. 派生： fine v [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.n] ~ sb (for sth/doing sth) punish sb by a fine 处某人以罚款: fined for dangerous driving 因危险驾驶而被罚款 * The court fined him 500. 法庭罚他500英镑. finable[5fainEbl; 5fainEbl] adj (of an action) that is likely to be punished by a fine （指行为）应罚款的, 可罚款的: * a finable offence 应罚款的过失.

finery
[5fainEri; 5fainEri] n [U] gay and elegant clothes or decoration 华丽、 优雅的服装或装饰: * court officials dressed in all their finery 穿着华丽衣服的宫廷官员 * The garden looks beautiful in its summer finery, ie with its bright flowers, lawns, etc. 在夏日绚丽的景色中, 花园显得很美.

finesse
[fi'nes; fE'nes] n 1 [U] skill in dealing with people or situations cleverly or tactfully 手段; 策略: * show finesse in averting a threatened strike 在避免一触即发的罢工中显示出深谋大略 * He wheedled money from his father with considerable finesse. 他耍了个手腕儿花言巧语地从父亲那里得到了钱. 2 [C] (in card-games) attempt to win a trick(5) by playing a card that is not the highest one held （纸牌戏中）偷牌（打出手中并非最大的牌以赢得一墩的手法）. 派生： finesse v [Tn] (in card-games) play (a card) as part of a finesse(2) （纸牌戏中）为偷牌打出（一张牌）而赢得一墩: She succeeded in finessing her queen. 她为偷牌打出Q而赢得一墩.

finger
1[5fiNgE(r); 5fiNgl] n 1 any of the five parts extending from each hand (`little finger, `ring finger, `middle finger, `forefinger/`index finger, thumb); any of these except the thumb 手指（小指、 无名指、 中指、 食指、 拇指）; 除拇指外的任何一个手指: * There are five fingers (or four fingers and one thumb) on each hand. 每只手有五个手指. => illus at hand 见hand插图. => Usage at body 用法见body. 2 part of a glove that fits over a finger （手套的）手指部. 3 (infml 口) measure of alcohol in a glass, roughly equal to the width of one finger 指幅（对杯中酒类的度量, 约略等於一指宽）: * He poured himself two fingers of whisky. 他给自己倒了两指幅的威士忌. 4 (idm 习语) be all ,fingers and `thumbs be clumsy or awkward with one's hands 笨手笨脚: * Can you thread this needle for me? I'm all fingers and thumbs today. 你能替我穿针吗? 今天我手脚不灵. burn one's fingers/get one's fingers burnt => burn2. cross one's fingers => cross2. get, pull, etc a/one's `finger out (infml 口) stop being lazy; work faster 别再偷懒; 干快一些: * If you don't pull your finger out, you'll never get the job finished. 你要是不快些, 就绝对干不完. have a finger in every `pie (infml 口) be involved in everything that is happening 参与或插手一切事情. have/keep one's finger on the pulse know all the latest news, developments, etc 充分了解或掌握最近的消息、 情况等. have, etc one's fingers in the till (infml 口) steal money from one's place of work 从自己的工作部门偷钱: * be caught with one's fingers in the till 在自己的工作部门偷钱时被捉住. * He's had his fingers in the till for years. 他偷工作部门的钱已多年. lay a `finger on sb/sth touch sb/sth, however slightly （即使轻轻）触碰某人[某物]: * If you lay a finger on that boy (ie harm him physically), I'll never forgive you. 你若碰这孩子一下, 我就决不饶你. lift/raise a finger/hand => lift. point the finger => point2. put one's finger on sth identify precisely or point out (an error, the cause of a problem, etc) 准确地看出或指出（错误、 问题的所在）:

finger1
* I can't quite put my finger on the flaw in her argument. 我看不出她的论点有何不妥. put the finger on sb (sl 俚) give imformation about (esp a criminal) to the police, etc 向警方等提供（尤指罪犯的）情况. slip through sb's fingers => slip2. snap one's fingers => snap. sticky fingers => sticky. twist sb round one's little finger => twist. work one's fingers to the bone work very hard 非常努力地工作. `finger-board n piece of wood (on a guitar, violin, etc) where the strings are pressed against the neck of the instrument with the fingers to vary the tone （弦乐器的）指板. `finger-bowl n small bowl for rinsing the fingers during meals 洗指盆（用餐时涮手指用的小盆）. `finger-mark n mark, eg on a wall, made by a (dirty) finger 指迹, 指痕（如脏手指留在墙上的）: leave finger-marks all over the shiny table 在光亮的桌面上到处留下指印. `finger-nail n layer of nail(1) over the upper surface of the tip of a finger 手指甲. `finger-plate n glass, metal or plastic plate fastened on a door near the handle or keyhole to prevent finger-marks 指痕防护板（为防手指弄污而固定於门扶手或锁孔附近的玻璃、 金属或塑料板）. `fingerprint n mark made by the tip of a finger on a surface and used for identifying people, esp criminals 指纹: take the prisoner's fingerprints 取囚犯的指纹. `finger-stall n protective cover for an injured finger （保护受伤手指的）护指套. `fingertip n 1 extreme end of a finger 指端; 指尖. 2 (idm 习语) have sth at one's `fingertips be completely familiar with sth 对某事物了如指掌. to one's `fingertips in every way; completely; through and through 各方面; 完全; 彻底: She's an artist to her fingertips. 她是真正的艺术家. `finger-board n piece of wood (on a guitar, violin, etc) where the strings are pressed against the neck of the instrument with the fingers to vary the tone （弦乐器的）指板.

finger2
`finger-bowl n small bowl for rinsing the fingers during meals 洗指盆（用餐时涮手指用的小盆）. `finger-mark n mark, eg on a wall, made by a (dirty) finger 指迹, 指痕（如脏手指留在墙上的）: leave finger-marks all over the shiny table 在光亮的桌面上到处留下指印. `finger-nail n layer of nail(1) over the upper surface of the tip of a finger 手指甲. `finger-plate n glass, metal or plastic plate fastened on a door near the handle or keyhole to prevent finger-marks 指痕防护板（为防手指弄污而固定於门扶手或锁孔附近的玻璃、 金属或塑料板）. `fingerprint n mark made by the tip of a finger on a surface and used for identifying people, esp criminals 指纹: take the prisoner's fingerprints 取囚犯的指纹. `finger-stall n protective cover for an injured finger （保护受伤手指的）护指套. `fingertip n 1 extreme end of a finger 指端; 指尖. 2 (idm 习语) have sth at one's `fingertips be completely familiar with sth 对某事物了如指掌. to one's `fingertips in every way; completely; through and through 各方面; 完全; 彻底: She's an artist to her fingertips. 她是真正的艺术家.

finicky
[5finiki; 5finiki] (also finical[5finikl; 5finikl] , finicking/finikiN; 5finikiN] ) adj 1 (derog 贬) too fussy about food, clothes, etc （对饮食、 衣着等）过分挑剔的: * a finicky eater, dresser, etc 对吃、 穿等过分挑剔的人. 2 needing much attention to detail 需注意细节的: * This job is too finicky for me. 我做不了这麽细致的工作.

finish
[5finiF; 5finiF] v 1 (a) [I, Tn, Tg] come or bring (sth) to an end 结束, 完成（某事物）: * Term finishes next week. 下星期学期结束. * finish one's work 把工作做完 * finish (reading) a book 读完一本书. (b) [I] reach the end of a task or an activity 达到工作或活动的结束阶段: * Wait I haven't finished yet. 等一等--我还没有完呢. * Two of the runners failed to finish. 有两名赛跑者没有跑完全程. * She was leading for part of the race but finally finished fourth. 她在比赛中一度领先, 但最後得第四名. 2 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (off/up) eat, drink or use what is left of sth 把所剩之物吃完、 喝完或用完: * We might as well finish (up) the cake; there isn't much left. 咱们索性把蛋糕吃完吧, 也没剩多少了. 3 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (off) complete sth or make sth perfect 完成某事物; 使某事物臻於完美; 加工: * a beautifully finished wooden bowl 加工精美的木碗 * put the finishing touches to a work of art 为艺术作品作最後的修饰 * This blouse needs to be finished off before I can wear it. 这件（女）衬衣还要再加一下工我才能穿. 4 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sb (off) (infml 口) exhaust sb completely 使某人筋疲力尽: * That bike ride absolutely finished me (off). 我骑了一路自行车已筋疲力尽. 5 (phr v) finish sb/sth off (infml 口) destroy sb/sth 毁坏某人[某事物]: * That fever nearly finished him off. 那次高烧险些要了他的命. * The last bullet finished off the wounded animal. 最後的那颗子弹结束了这受伤动物的性命. * (fig 比喻) It would finish me off to see her with him. 看见她和他在一起我简直活不了啦. finish with sb/sth (a) no longer be busy with sb; no longer be using sth 不再为某人忙碌; 不再使用某物: * Can you wait a minute? I haven't finished with Ann yet. 你能稍等一下吗? 我和安还没完事呢. * You'll be sorry by the time I've finished with you, eg finished punishing you. 等我收拾完你（如惩罚完你）, 你就後悔去吧.

finish1
* Please put the saucepan away if you've finished with it. 你用完了那个长柄锅, 就把它收起来. (b) end a relationship with sb or a connection with sth 与某人断绝关系; 终止与某事物的联系: * She should finish with him he treats her very badly. 她应该和他断绝关系--他对她太不好了. * I've finished with gambling it's a waste of money. 我已经戒赌了--赌博完全是浪费钱财. finish (up) with sth have sth at the end 以某事物作结尾: * We had a quick lunch and finished up with a cup of coffee/and a cup of coffee to finish up with. 我们匆忙吃了午饭, 最後又喝了一杯咖啡. finish up (followed by an adj or n 後接形容词或名词) be at the end; end up 终结; 结束: * He could finish up dead or badly injured. 他到头来不是死就是重伤. 派生： finish n 1 [C] last part or end of sth 某事物的最後部分或结尾: the finish of a race 赛跑的终点 * There were several close finishes during the competition, ie ones in which the leading competitors were close together at the end. 那几个参赛者在比赛临近结束时成绩极接近. 2 (a) [C, U] state of being finished or perfect 完成的或完美的状态: furniture with a fine finish 最後工序做得很细致的家具 * (fig 比喻) His manners lack finish. 他的仪态稍欠文雅. (b) [C] method, material or texture used for completing the surface of woodwork, etc 用於处理木器等表面的方法、 材料或物质: varnishes available in a range of finishes 可以产生各种表面效果的漆料. 3 (idm 习语) be in at the `finish be present at the end of sth 在某事物的终结时在场. fight to the finish => fight1. a fight to the finish => fight2. finisher n person or animal that finishes a race, etc 跑完赛程等的人或动物. 复合： `finishing school private (usu expensive) school where girls are taught how to behave in fashionable society 精修学校（教导女子在上流社会中仪态举止的私立学校, 通常学费极昂贵）.

finished
[5finiFt; 5finiFt] adj 1 [pred 作表语] ~ (with sb/sth) (infml 口) in a state of having completed sth or no longer dealing with sb/sth 完成某事物; 不再与某人[某事物]有联系: * I won't be finished for another hour. 我还有一个小时才能完事. * I'm not finished with you yet. 我和你还有事未完. * She decided she was finished with working for others. 她决定不再为别人做事. 2 [pred 作表语] no longer effective; ruined 不再有效; 毁灭了: * The scandal means he's finished in politics. 这一丑闻意味着他在政治上已身败名裂. * Everything is finished between her and him. 她和他已一刀两断了. 3 [usu attrib 通常作定语] made; completed 制造好的; 完成的: * the finished product, article, etc 制成品、 物件等.

finite
[5fainait; 5fainait] adj 1 having bounds; limited; not infinite 有限的; 有限制的; 有限度的: * Human knowledge is finite, ie There are things we do not know. 人类的认识是有限的. 2 (grammar) of a verb form that agrees with its subject in person and number 限定的（在人称和数上与主语一致的动词形式的）: * `Am', `is', `are', `was' and `were' are the finite forms of `be'; `be', `being' and `been' are the non-finite forms. *am、 is、 are、 was、 were是动词be的限定形式; be、 being、 been是非限定形式.

fink
[fiNk; fiNk] n (US sl derog 俚, 贬) 1 person who gives information to the police about criminals （向警方）通报罪犯情况的人. 2 person who continues to work while others are on strike 工贼（罢工时仍继续工作的人）. 3 unpleasant or contemptible person 讨厌的人; 可鄙的人.

Finn
[fin; fin] n native of Finland 芬兰人. 派生： Finnish n [U] language of the Finns 芬兰语. adj of the Finns or their language 芬兰人的; 芬兰语的.

finnan
[finEn; 5finEn] n (also ,finnan `haddock) type of smoked haddock 熏鳕鱼.

fiord
(also fjord)[fjC:d; fjCrd] n long narrow inlet of the sea between high cliffs, as in Norway 峡湾（在悬崖峭壁之间的狭长海湾, 如挪威的）.

fir
[ f\:(r); f[/ n 1 [C] (also `fir-tree) type of evergreen tree with leaves like needles on its shoots 枞; 冷杉. 2 [U] wood of this tree 此种树的木材. `fir-cone n fruit of the fir-tree 冷杉的球果.

fire
1[5faiE(r); fair] n 1 [U] burning that produces light and heat 火; 火焰; 燃烧: * man's discovery of fire 人类对火的发现. 2 (a) [U] destructive burning 火灾; 失火: * Have you insured your house against fire? 你的房子保火险了没有? (b) [C] instance of this 火灾; 失火: * forest fires 森林火灾 * a fire in the warehouse 仓库失火. 3 (a) [C] burning fuel in a grate, furnace, etc for cooking food or heating a room 炉火: * make/build a fire 生火 * lay a fire, ie put paper, wood, etc together for a fire, usu in a grate 准备生火 * a blazing/roaring fire 炽烈的[熊熊的]火. (b) [C] apparatus for heating rooms, etc 取暖装置: * a gas/electric fire 煤气[电]暖炉. Cf 参看 heater (heat2), stove 2. 4 [U] shooting from guns 开火（枪炮的射击）: * The soldiers kept up a steady fire. 士兵们不停地射击. * return sb's fire, ie shoot back at sb 用枪炮向某人还击. 5 [U] strong emotion; angry or excited feeling; enthusiasm 激情; 愤怒或激动的感情; 热情: * His speech lacked fire, ie was uninspiring. 他的讲话缺乏热情. 6 (idm 习语) a ball of fire => ball1. a baptism of fire => baptism. between two `fires being shot at from two directions 腹背受敌（受到两面夹攻）. catch fire => catch1. draw sb's fire => draw2. the fat is in the fire => fat2. ,fire and `brimstone torture suffered in Hell as a result of God's anger 因触怒上帝在地狱中遭受的煎熬: * (fig 比喻) She was breathing fire and brimstone, ie was furiously angry. 她火冒叁丈. ,fire and `sword (fml 文) burning and killing, esp in war 杀人放火（尤指於战争中）. get on like a house on fire => house1. go through ,fire and `water (for sb/sth) endure great hardship and danger (for sb/sth) （为某人[某事物]）冒极大危险及忍受巨大苦难, 赴汤蹈火. hang fire => hang1. have, etc many irons in the fire => iron1. heap coals of fire on sb's head => heapv. hold one's `fire stop shooting

fire1
(for a period of time) 停止射击（一段时间） make up a `fire add wood, coal, etc to a fire to make it burn more strongly 在火上加木柴、 煤等使其燃烧更旺. no smoke without fire => smoke1. on `fire (a) burning 燃烧: * The house is on fire! 房子着火了! (b) (fig 比喻) burning with emotion, passion or sensation 感情激动的; 激情冲动的. open fire => open2. out of the frying-pan into the fire => frying-pan (fry1). play with `fire take foolish anddangerous risks 玩火（进行愚蠢的冒险）. set fire to sth/set sth on fire cause sth to start burning 使某物开始燃烧; 放火. (not/never) set the `Thames/temz; temz] on fire (not) do sth remarkable （不）做惊人之举: * He's a good student, but he won't ever set the Thames on fire. 他是好学生, 但也绝成不了大器. set the world on fire => world. under `fire (a) being shot at 遭到射击: * come under intense fire 受到枪炮猛烈攻击. (b) (fig 比喻) being criticized severely 受到严厉批评: * The government is under fire from all sides on its economic policy. 政府在经济政策上受到各方的严厉批评. `fire-alarm n bell or other device that gives warning of a fire; sound made by this 火警报警器; 火警警报. `firearm n (usu pl 通常作复数) portable gun of any sort, eg a rifle, revolver, etc （便携式）枪枝（如步枪、 左轮手枪等）: carry firearms 携带枪枝. `fire-ball n 1 large bright meteor 火流星. 2 centre of an atomic explosion 原子弹爆炸的中心. 3 (fig 比喻) very energetic person 精力极充沛的人. `fire-bomb n bomb that burns fiercely after it explodes, causing destruction by fire; incendiary 燃烧弹. `fire-box n place where fuel is burned in a steam-engine or boiler （蒸气机或锅炉内燃料的）燃烧室. `firebrand n 1 piece of burning wood 燃烧的木块. 2 (fig 比喻) person who causes (esp social or political) trouble 引起（尤指社会的或政治的）动乱的人.

fire2
`fire-break n strip of land cleared of trees to stop fire from spreading in a forest （森林中除掉树木以防止森林火蔓延的）防火带, 防火线. `fire-brick n type of brick made to withstand great heat, used in building grates, furnaces, chimneys, etc 耐火砖; 火砖. `fire brigade (US `fire department) organized team of people trained and employed to extinguish fires 消防队; 消防处: call out the fire brigade 召唤消防队来. `fire-clay n [U] type of clay used to make fire-bricks 耐火黏土（制做耐火砖用的）. `firecracker n (esp US) small firework that explodes with a cracking noise 鞭炮; 爆竹. `firedamp (also damp) n [U] gas in coal-mines, explosive when mixed in certain proportions with air; methane （煤矿中与一定比例的空气混合的）瓦斯; 沼气; 甲烷. `firedog n = andiron. `fire-drill n [C, U] (practice of) what people must do to escape safely from a burning building, ship, etc 消防演习. `fire-eater n 1 person who appears to swallow fire as part of an entertainment act 表演吞火的人. 2 person who easily becomes angry or quarrelsome 易怒的人; 爱吵架的人. `fire-engine (also appliance) n special vehicle carrying equipment for fighting large fires 消防车. `fire-escape n special staircase or apparatus by which people may escape from a burning building, etc 可藉以逃离火场的太平梯或机械装置. `fire extinguisher (also extinguisher) portable metal container with water or a chemical mixture inside for putting out small fires 灭火器. `fire-fighter n person who fights (esp forest) fires 消防人员（尤指护林的）. `firefly n type of winged insect that glows in the dark 萤火虫. `fire-guard n protective metal frame or grating round a fire in a room （室内取暖炉的）炉挡. `fire-irons n [pl] tools used for tending a fire, usu kept near the fireplace, eg poker, tongs, shovel, etc 火炉用具（如通条、 火钳、 铲子等）.

fire3
`firelight n [U] light from a fire in a fireplace 壁炉发出的火光: sitting in the firelight 坐在壁炉周围. `fire-lighter n [C, U] (piece of) inflammable material used to help start a fire in a grate 用於引火的易燃材料; 引火物. `fireman[-mEn; -mEn] n (pl -men[-mEn; -mEn] ) 1 member of a fire brigade 消防队员. 2 person who tends the fire in a furnace, steam-engine, etc （熔炉、 蒸气机等的）司炉工. `fireplace n open space for a fire in a room, usu made of brick or stone and set into a wall 壁炉. `fire-plug n (esp US) connection in a water-main for a fireman's hose; hydrant 消防栓. `fire-power n [U] capacity to destroy, measured by the number and size of guns available 火力. `fireproof adj that can resist great heat without burning, cracking or breaking 防火的; 耐火的: a fireproof wall, door, etc 防火墙、 门等. v [Tn] make (sth) fireproof 使（某物）防火. `fire-raising n [U] deliberately setting fire to property, etc; arson 放火; 纵火. `fire-raiser n. `fireside n (usu sing 通常作单数) part of a room beside the fireplace 壁炉旁: sitting at the fireside 坐在壁炉旁 * [attrib 作定语] a fireside chair 壁炉旁的椅子. `fire station building for a fire brigade and its equipment 消防站. `fire-walking n [U] (usu religious) ceremony of walking barefoot over very hot stones, ashes, etc as an act of faith 渡火（赤脚在灼热的石头、 炭灰等之上行走, 通常为宗教仪式）. `fire-walker n. `fire-watcher n person who watches for fires, esp those caused by bombs during war 火灾警戒员（尤指空袭时的）fire4 /// 2 `fireworks [pl] (a) display of fireworks 烟火表演. (b) (fig 比喻) display of anger, wit, etc 愤怒、 机智等的表现: Just you watch the fireworks when your father catches those boys! 等你父亲抓住那几个男孩子的时候, 你就能看到他的火气有多大了!

firm
1[fE:m; fEm] adj (-er, -est) 1 (a) not yielding when pressed; fairly hard 坚实的; 结实的; 坚硬的: * This wet ground is not firm enough to walk on. 这块湿地不够坚实, 不能在上面走. * firm soil 坚硬的土壤 * a firm cushion, mattress, sofa, etc 结实的坐垫、 床垫、 沙发等 * firm flesh/muscles 结实的肌肉. (b) strongly fixed in place; secure or solid 牢固的; 稳固的; 坚固的: * firm foundations 坚固的基础 * a firm foothold 稳固的立足点 * firm concrete fencing 坚固的混凝土围墙材料. 2 (of a movement) steady and strong; not weak or uncertain （指动作）稳定而有力的: * a firm handshake, grip, hold, etc 有力的握手、 紧抓、 紧握. 3 not subject to change; definite 不易改变的; 肯定的; 坚定的: * a firm belief/believer in socialism 对社会主义的坚定的信念[拥护者] * a firm decision, date, arrangement, offer 不改变的决定、 确定的日期、 不更改的排列方式、 实盘 * firm opinions, convictions, principles, etc 坚定的意见、 信念、 原则等 * firm news, evidence, information, etc 可靠的新闻、 证据、 信息等 * `Burnside' is the firm favourite to win the race, ie the horse that is confidently expected to win. ‘伯恩赛德’是肯定会获胜的热门马. 4 ~ (with sb) strong and consistent in attitude and behaviour; not easily persuaded to change one's mind; decisive 坚定的; 坚决的: * Parents must be firm with their children. 父母对孩子一定要严格. * exercise firm leadership, control, discipline, etc 实行坚决的领导、 严格的控制、 严格的纪律等 * `I don't want to be unkind,’ he said in a firm voice. ‘我不想发狠心,’他以坚定的口吻说. 5 [usu pred 通常作表语] ~ (against sth) not lower than another currency, etc and possibly about to rise in price 稳定, 坚挺（不低於其他货币等而且有可能升值的）: * The pound remained firm against the dollar, but fell against the yen. 英镑对美元保持稳定, 但对日元则疲软.

firm1
6 (idm 习语) be on firm `ground be sure of one's facts; be secure in one's position, esp in a discussion 对事实确信无疑; 立场坚定（尤指在讨论中）. a firm `hand strong discipline or control 严明的纪律; 牢固控制: That boy needs a firm hand to help him grow up. 那个男孩需要严加管教才能有所长进. have, etc a firm/tight hold on sth => hold2. 派生： firm v 1 [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (up) (cause sth to) become firm （使某物）变得坚实、 稳固: firm (up) soil 把土地弄得坚实. 2 (phr v) firm sth up (a) put sth into a final fixed form 使某物最後达到固定的形式或状态: firm up a contract, deal, agreement, etc 使合同、 交易、 协议等达成最後形式. (b) make (part of the body) firmer and less fatty 使（身体某部）更结实, 脂肪少: Exercise will firm up your muscles. 锻炼身体能使肌肉结实. firm adv (idm 习语) hold firm to sth not abandon a principle, theory, etc 不放弃原则、 理论等: hold firm to one's beliefs, ideals, principles, etc 坚持自己的信仰、 理想、 原则等. stand fast/firm => fast2. firmly adv in a firm way 坚实地; 结实地; 坚固地; 稳固地; 坚定地; 稳定地: The fence posts were fixed firmly in the ground. 栅栏的立柱牢牢地固定在地上. * The business was soon firmly established in the town. 该商店不久即在城里稳固地建立起来. * The suggestion was politely but firmly rejected by the chairman. 主席婉言而果断地回绝了该建议. firmness n [U].

firmament
[5fE:mEmEnt; 5fEmEmEnt] n the firmament [sing] (arch 古) the sky 天空; 苍天.

first
1[fE:st; fEst] det 1 (a) 1st; coming before all others in time, order, importance, etc 第一的; 最初的; 最早的; 最先的; 首要的: * the first public performance of the play 该剧的首次公演 * his first wife 他的第一个妻子 * their first baby 他们的第一个孩子 * her first job 她的第一份工作 * students in their first year at college 学院一年级学生 * at first light, ie dawn 黎明 * at the first (ie earliest) opportunity 一有机会 * the first signs that winter isapproaching 冬天来临的最初迹象 * one's first impression/reaction 最初的印象[反应] * She won first prize in the competition. 她在竞赛中获一等奖. * King Edward I (ie said as `King Edward the First') 英王爱德华一世 * go back to first (ie basic) principles 回到基本的原则上 * of the first importance 最重要的 * the first violins, ie in an orchestra 第一小提琴手（管弦乐队中的） * Your first duty is to your family. 你的首要责任是照顾家庭. (b) never having happened or been experienced before 初次的: * It was the first time they had ever met. 那是他们初次会面. * his first real taste of success 他对成功的初次真实感受. Cf 参看 last1 1. =>App 4 见附录4. 2 (idm 习语) first/last/next but one, two, three, etc: * Take the first turning but one (ie the second turning) on your left. 在第二个路口向左转. * I live in the last house but two (ie the third house from the end) in this street. 我住在这条街上倒数第叁座房子里. first/last thing=> thing. ,first things `first (saying 谚) the most important or necessary duties or concerns must be dealt with before others 最重要的事要先做. (For other idioms containing first, see the entries for the other major words in each idiom 查阅含有first一词的其他习语, 见这类习语中含有其他主要词的词条, 如 at first glance/sight => glance; not have the first idea about sth => idea.)

first1
派生： firstly adv (in giving a list) to begin with （用於列举事项）首先, 第一: The illness can develop in two ways: firstly, in cases of high blood pressure and secondly... 这种病有两种情况: 第一, 由高血压引起; 第二.... ,first `aid treatment given to an injured person before a doctor comes 急救. ,first `balcony = dress circle (dress). ,first `base 1 first of the bases (base1 6) that must be touched in a game of baseball （棒球运动中的）一垒. 2 (idm 习语) not get to first base (with sth) (infml 口 esp US) not make a successful start (in a project); not even achieve the first step 不能顺利开始（一项计画）; 连第一步也迈不出. ,first `class 1 most comfortable accommodation in a train, ship, etc （火车、 船等的）头等: Smoking is not allowed in first class. 头等舱中不准吸烟. * [attrib 作定语] first-class carriages, compartments, seats, etc 头等的车厢、 车室、 座位等. 2 class of mail most quickly delivered 第一类邮件（快件）: First class costs 5p more. 第一类邮件贵5便士. * [attrib 作定语] A first-class letter should arrive the following day. 按第一类邮件投递的信应於次日到达. * Ten first-class stamps, please. 请来十张快信邮票. 3 in the best group or highest category; excellent 第一流的; 最好的; 最优的: The entertainment provided was first class. 提供的招待是一流的. * [attrib 作定语] They can afford to eat at first-class restaurants. 他们去得起一流的饭店. * She got first-class results in her exams. 她的考试成绩优异. * They're first-class people you'll like them. 他们是大好人--你会喜欢他们的. adv by the best or quickest form of transport or mail 以最好的和最快的方式运输或邮寄: travel first class 乘头等车[船/飞机]旅行 * I sent the letter first class on Monday. 星期一我已把信用快递寄出. ,first `cousin = cousin. ,first-day `cover envelope with a set of special stamps postmarked on the first day of issue 首日封.

first2
,first de`gree least serious of three categories of murder or burn 第一级的, 第一度的（谋杀或烧伤、 烫伤的叁级分类中的最轻者）: He was charged with murder of the first degree/first-degree murder. 他被控告一级谋杀罪. * Hot coffee can give first-degree burns. 热咖啡能造成一度烫伤. `first finger finger next to the thumb; index finger 食指. ,first `floor (usu 通常作 the first floor) 1 (Brit) floor immediately above the floor on ground level 二楼: [attrib 作定语] a first-floor `flat 二楼的一套公寓. 2 (US ) floor on ground level 一楼. => Usage at floor1 用法见floor1. ,first-`footing n [U] (esp Scottish) custom or practice of waiting for the first person to enter a house in the New Year before celebrations can begin （尤指苏格兰的）等候进屋的第一个人以开始庆祝新年的习俗. `first-fruit n (usu pl 通常作复数) 1 earliest agricultural produce, crops, etc of the season 一个季节中最早收获的农产品等. 2 (fig 比喻) first results of sb's work or efforts 某人工作或努力的最初成果. ,first `gear lowest gear on a car, bicycle, etc 汽车、 自行车等的最低挡. ,first`hand adj [attrib 作定语], adv gained or coming directly from the original source 第一手（的）; 直接从来源处得到（的）: ,firsthand infor`mation 第一手信息 * experience sth firsthand 亲身经历某事. ,first `lady 1 the First Lady (US) wife of the President of the USA; wife of a state governor 总统夫人; 州长夫人. 2 (usu sing 通常作单数) leading woman in a specified activity or profession 某活动或行业中首屈一指的女性: recognized as the first lady of romantic fiction 公认为浪漫主义小说的主要女作家. `first name personal name or names given to sb at his birth, usu coming before a surname or family name 名字, 教名（通常置於姓前）: Mrs Thatcher's first name is Margaret. 撒切尔夫人的名字叫玛格丽特.

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* [attrib 作定语] We are all on first-name terms with our boss, ie We call him by his first name (a sign of a friendly informal relationship). 我们和老板都以名相称（不冠姓, 显示关系密切不拘束）. => Usage at name1 用法见name1. Cf 参看 forename, given name (given), Christian name (Christian). ,first `night first public performance of a play, film, etc; opening night （戏剧、 电影等的）首场演出, 首映夜场: the first night of `The Sound of Music' ‘音乐之声’（又译‘仙乐飘飘处处闻’）首映夜场 * [attrib 作定语] suffer from ,first-night `nerves 首演怯场. ,first of`fender person who has been found guilty of a crime for the first time 初犯. `first officer officer second in command to a captain on a merchant ship （商船上的）大副. the ,first `person 1 (grammar) set of pronouns and verb forms used by a speaker to refer to himself 第一人称代词和动词的搭配形式: `I am' is the first person singular of the present tense of the verb `to be'. I am是单数第一人称代词和动词to be的搭配形式. * [attrib 作定语] `I', `me', `we' and `us' are first-person pronouns. I、 me、 we、 us都是第一人称的代词. 2 style of story-telling in which the author writes or speaks as if tellingthe story personally 用第一人称叙述的文体: Hemingway often writes in the first person. 海明威常用第一人称写作. ,first-rate adj excellent; of the best quality 第一流的; 优良的; 质量最佳的: a ,first-rate `meal 最好的饭菜 * The food here is first-rate. 这里的食品是第一流的. adv in very good health; very fit 非常健康; 身体好: feel first-rate 身体极好. first refusal right of deciding whether to accept or refuse sth before it is offered to others 优先取舍权（有先於他人对某事物取舍的权利）: If you ever decide to sell your car, I hope you'll give me (the) first refusal. 你要是决定把汽车卖掉, 我希望你先让我考虑要不要, 我不要你再卖给别人.

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`first school (in Britain) school for children between the ages of 5 and 8 or 9 （英国）第一学校（5岁至8、 9岁之间的儿童上的学校）. the ,First World `War (also World War I) the major international war of 1914-18, fought mainly in Europe 第一次世界大战（1914-1918）.

firth
[fE:W; fEW] n (esp in Scotland) narrow inlet of the sea; part of a river when it flows into the sea （尤指苏格兰的）狭窄的海湾, 河流的入海口.

fiscal
[5fiskl; 5fiskl] adj of or related to government money or public money, usu taxes 国库的; 公款的; （通常指）岁入的; 财政的: * the government's fiscal policy 政府的财政政策. 复合： fiscal year (US) = financial year (financial).

fish
1[fiF; fiF] n (pl unchanged or ~es 复数或不变或作fishes) =>Usage 见所附用法. 1 [C] cold-blooded animal living in water and breathing through gills, with fins and a tail for swimming 鱼: * They caught several fish. 他们捉到几条鱼. * fishes, frogs and crabs 鱼、 青蛙和螃蟹 =>illus 见插图. 2 [U] flesh of fish eaten as food 鱼肉: * frozen, smoked, fresh, etc fish 冻鱼、 熏鱼、 鲜鱼 * boiled, fried, grilled, etc fish 煮鱼、 炸鱼、 烤鱼 * Fish was served after the first course. 第一道菜之後就上了鱼. 3 (idm 习语) a big fish => big. a cold fish => cold1. a different kettle of fish => different. drink like a fish => drink2. a fine, etc kettle of fish => kettle. a ,fish out of `water person who feels uncomfortable or awkward because he is in unfamiliar surroundings 离开水的鱼（因环境不熟悉而感到不舒服或尴尬的人）: * With my working-class background I feel like a fish out of water among these high-society people. 我出身於工人阶级, 在上流社会中感到很不自在. have `bigger/`other fish to fry have more important, interesting, etc things to do 另有要事或有兴趣的事要做. neither fish, flesh nor good red herring (saying 谚) difficult to identify or classify; vague; ambiguous 难以识别或分类的; 非驴非马的; 不伦不类的. an `odd/a `queer fish (infml 口) eccentric person; person whom others find hard to understand 古怪的人; 难以理解的人: He's a bit of an odd fish -- he's never been out of his house for years. 他这个人很古怪--多年来深居简出. play a `fish (when fishing with a rod and line) allow a fish to exhaust itself by forcing it to pull against the line （钓鱼时）让鱼拉钓线使之疲乏. there are (plenty of) `other fish in the sea; there are (plenty) `more (good) fish in the sea there are many other people/things that are as good as the one that has proved unsuccessful fish-plate /// [5fiFpleit; 5fiF7plet] n flat piece of iron joining one length of railway line to the next 鱼尾板（用於连接铁轨的结合板）.

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派生： fishy adj (-ier, -iest) 1 of or like a fish, esp in smell or taste 鱼的; 鱼味的; 鱼腥味的: a fishy smell 鱼腥味. 2 (infml 口) causing a feeling of doubt or suspicion 可疑的; 引起怀疑的: There's something rather fishy going on here. 这里有些事不大对头. ,fish and `chips fish fried in batter and eaten with fried potato chips 软炸鱼加炸土豆条: Fish and chips is getting very expensive now. 现在软炸鱼加炸土豆条越来越贵了. `fish cake small flat cake of cooked fish and mashed potato, usu covered with breadcrumbs 鱼饼（鱼、 土豆泥, 通常裹以面包屑制成的饼）. ,fish-eye `lens wide-angled lens with a distorting effect 鱼眼镜头; 超广角镜头. `fish-farm n area of water used to breed fish artificially 养鱼场. ,fish `finger (US ,fish `stick) small oblong piece of fish covered with breadcrumbs or batter 鱼条（裹着面包屑或面糊的长方形鱼肉条）. `fish-hook n barbed metal hook for catching fish 鱼钩. => illus at hook 见hook插图. `fish-kettle n oval pan used for boiling fish 椭圆形煮鱼锅. `fish-knife n blunt knife with a broad blade used for eating fish （吃鱼用的）餐刀. `fishmonger[-mQNgE(r); -7mQNgl] n (Brit) person whose job it is to sell fish in a shop （商店的）鱼贩: * buy fish at the fishmonger's/from the fishmonger 从鱼贩那里买鱼. fish-net n 1 [C] net used for catching fish 鱼网. 2 [U] fabric made with small holes 网眼织物: [attrib 作定语] fish-net tights 鱼网状裤袜. `fish-slice n kitchen tool consisting of a broad flat blade that has slits in it and is attached to a long handle, used for turning or lifting food when cooking 煎鱼铲（铲面上带有长孔）. => illus at kitchen 见kitchen插图. `fishwife n 1 woman who sells fish 卖鱼妇. 2 (derog 贬) nagging abusive person (usu a woman) 粗俗爱骂街的人（通常指女人）: She was screaming like a fishwife! 她像泼妇一样尖叫!

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NOTE ON USAGE 用法: 1 Fish as a countable noun has two plural forms: fish and fishes. *fish一词作可数名词时有两个复数形式: fish和fishes. 1 Fish is the more usual form, used when referring to a mass of them in the water to be caught or seen 较普通的形式是fish, 指水中可捕捉或可看见的鱼: The number of fish in coastal waters has decreased. 沿海鱼的数量已减少了. * A lot of fish were caught during the competition. 在比赛中捉到很多鱼. 2 Fishes is used to refer to different species of fish *fishes的形式是用以指鱼的不同品种: He studies in particular the fishes of the Indian Ocean. 他专门研究印度洋的鱼类. 派生： fishing n [U] catching fish as a job, sport, or hobby 捕鱼（为生、 为娱乐或为业馀爱好的）: deep-sea fishing 深海捕鱼 * Fishing is still the main industry there. 捕鱼业仍为那里的主要行业. * [attrib 作定语] a fishing boat 渔船 * a fishing ground 渔场. `fishing-line n line1(9a) with a hook attached for catching fish （系有钓钩的）钓线, 钓丝. `fishing-rod n (US `fishing pole) long wooden or (jointed) metal rod with a fishing-line attached to it 钓竿. `fishing-tackle n [U] equipment used in fishing 渔具.

fisherman
[5fiFEmEn; 5fiFlmEn] n (pl -men) person who catches fish, esp as a job but also as a sport or hobby 渔民, 渔夫, 钓鱼人（尤指作为职业者, 但也可指作为运动、 娱乐或爱好者）. Cf 参看 angler (angle2).

fishery
[5fiFEri; 5fiFEri] n 1 (usu pl 通常作复数) part of the sea where fish are caught commercially 渔场（商业捕鱼海域）: * offshore fisheries, ie at some distance from the coast 近海渔场. 2 business or industry of fishing 渔业: * the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food 农业、 渔业和粮食部.

fissile
[5fisail; - 'fisl; 5fisl] adj (fml 文) 1 capable of undergoing nuclear fission 可进行核裂变的. 2 tending to split or divide 易裂的; 易分开的: * fissile wood 易裂的木材.

fission
[5fiFn; 5fiFEn] n [U] 1 splitting of the nucleus of an atom with the release of a large amount of energy 裂变: * nuclear fission 核裂变. 2 (biology 生) splitting or division of biological cells as a method of reproduction 分裂生殖. 派生： fissionable[-FEnEbl; -FEnEbl] adj (of material) with a nucleus that can be split （指材料）可作核裂变的.

fissiparous
[fi'sipErEs; fi'sipErEs] adj reproducing by division of biological cells 分裂生殖的.

fissure
[5fiFE(r); 5fiFl] n long deep crack in rock or in the earth （岩石中或土地中的）深长裂缝.

fist
[fist; fist] n 1 hand when closed tightly with the fingers bent into the palm 拳; 拳头: * He struck me with his fist. 他用拳头打我. * He clenched his fists. 他紧握拳头. * She shook her fist at him, ie as an angry threatening gesture. 她向他挥动拳头. =>Usage at body 用法见body. 2 (idm 习语) an iron fist/hand in a velvet glove => iron1. the mailed fist => mail2. make money hand over fist => money. 派生： fistful[5fistful; 5fistful] n number or quantity that can be held in a fist 可握在手中的数或量: * a fistful of ten-pound notes 一把十英镑面额的纸币. 复合： fisticuffs[5fistikQfs; 5fisti7kQfs] n [pl] (arch or joc 古或谑) fighting with the fists 用拳殴打: * engage in fisticuffs 以拳互殴.

fistula
[5fistjulE; 5fistFulE] n 1 long pipelike ulcer with a narrow mouth 管. 2 abnormal or surgically made passage in the body （身体中异常的或手术造成的）通道.

fit
1[fit; fit] adj (-tter, -ttest) 1 [usu pred 通常作表语] ~ for sb/sth; ~ to do sth suitable or suited for sb/sth; well adapted for sb/sth; good enough for sb/sth 对某人[某事物]适宜; 合适; 适当: * a land fit for heroes to live in 适合英雄生活的国土 * The food was not fit for human consumption/not fit to eat, ie was too bad to be eaten. 这食物不适宜人吃. 2 [usu pred 通常作表语] ~ to do sth (infml 口) in such a condition as to be likely or ready to do or suffer sth specified 可能或准备做某事物; 可能或准备受罪: * They worked till they were fit to drop, ie likely to collapse from exhaustion. 他们一直工作到快要累垮了. * He's so angry that he's in no fit state to see anyone. 他气成那个样子, 简直无法见人. * (used as an adv after a v and to + infinitive 用作副词, 在动词 及to+不定式之後) He laughed fit to burst. 他要笑破肚子了. * His shouting was fit (ie loud enough) to wake the dead. 他大喊大叫都要把死人吵醒了. 3 ~ (for sth/to do sth) in good health, esp because of regular physical exercise 健康的（尤指因经常锻炼）: * World-class athletes are extremely fit. 具有国际水平的运动员体格非常好. * He's been ill and isn't fit for work yet. 他一直在生病, 尚不能工作. * He keeps himself fit by running 5 miles every day. 他每天跑5英里以保持身体健康. * fighting fit, ie in very good physical condition and ready for energetic action 健壮而精力充沛. => Usage at healthy用法见healthy. 4 (fml 文) suitable and right, usu according to accepted social standards 恰当的; 正当的; 得体的: * As George introduced Peter and Sarah it is only fit (and proper) that he should be best man at their wedding. 因是乔治介绍彼得与萨拉相识的, 由他来作他们婚礼的男傧相是最合适的. 5 (idm 习语) (as) ,fit as a ,fiddle in very good physical condition 非常健康: * I felt as fit as a fiddle after my walking holiday. 我经过假期徒步旅行, 身体极好. see/think `fit (to do sth) consider it correct, convenient or acceptable (to do sth); decide or choose 认为（做某事）为正当的、 适宜的或得体的; 决定; 愿意:

fit1
* The newspaper did not see fit to publish my letter. 该报认为不宜发表我的信. * Do as you think fit. 你认为怎麽做好就怎麽做吧. 派生： fitness n [U] 1 condition of being physically fit 健康: In many sports (physical) fitness is not as important as technique. 在许多体育运动中, 体能没有技巧重要. 2 ~ for sth/to do sth suitability for sth 适合某事物: Her fitness for the job cannot be questioned. 她能胜任这项工作, 这是无庸置疑的.

fitment
[5fitmEnt; 5fitmEnt] n (usu pl 通常作复数) piece of furniture or equipment, esp one forming part of a unit or series 家具或设备（尤指一套中的一件）: * kitchen fitments, eg cupboards 厨房设备（如柜橱）.

fitting
1[5fitiN; 5fitiN] adj suitable for the occasion; right or proper 得体的; 恰当的; 适合的: * It was fitting that he should be here to receive the prize in person. 他应该亲自来领奖才对.

five
[faiv; faiv] pron, det 5; one more than four 5, 五（个）: * Look at page five. 见第五页. * Everyone took the exam, but only five passed. 所有的人都参加了考试, 但只有五人及格. * Five (of the students) passed. 五个（学生）及格. * There were five children at the party. 聚会中有五个孩子. * This shirt cost five pounds, ie 5. 这件衬衣五英镑. * He's five (years old) today. 今天他五岁了. =>App 4 见附录4. 派生： five n the number 5 *5; 五: a birthday card with a big five on it 印有一个大大的‘五’字的生日卡 * a row of fives on the blackboard 黑板上的一行‘五’字 * Five and five make ten. 五加五等於十. five- (in compounds 用以构成复合词) having five of the thing specified 五个: a five-day week, ie working five days out of seven, usu Monday to Friday * a five-year contract * a five-sided figure. fiver[5faivE(r); 5faivl] n 1 (Brit infml 口) five pound note; 5 面值为五英镑的钞票; 5英镑: * Can I borrow a fiver? 能借给我五英镑吗? 2 (US infml 口) five dollar note; $5 面值为五美元的钞票; 5美元. 复合： five o'clock shadow dark appearance on a man's chin and face caused by the slight growth of hair that has occurred since he shaved in the morning （早晨刮脸後）傍晚（又长出少许胡须）的容貌. ,five `pence (also ,five `p, 5p) (Brit) (coin worth) five new pence 五便士; 面值为五便士的硬币. `fivepenny adj [attrib 作定语] (Brit) costing or worth five new pence 五便士的.

fix
1[fiks; fiks] v 1 [Tn.pr] fasten (sth) firmly to sth 将（某物）固定到另一物上; 安装: * fix a shelf to the wall 把架子装在墙上 * fix a post in the ground 把杆子固定在地上 * (fig 比喻) fix the blame on sb 把过错推诿给某人 * fix sb's name in one's mind, ie make great efforts to remember it 牢记某人的名字. 2 [Tn.pr] ~ sth on sb/sth direct (esp one's eyes) on sb/sth with steady attention 全神贯注於、 （尤指）凝视某人[某物]: * Her eyes were fixed on the gun. 她紧盯着那枝枪. * fix one's thoughts/attention on what one is doing 全神贯注地工作. 3 [Tn] decide (sth) definitely; set or determine 决定（某事物）; 确定: * The time for our meeting has been fixed already. 我们开会的时间已经确定了. * We will fix the rent at 100 a week. 我们要把租金定为每周100英镑. 4 [Tn] repair or mend (sth) 修理（某物）: * My watch has stopped it needs fixing. 我的表停了--需要修理了. 5 [Tn] put (sth) in order; adjust 整理（某事物）; 调整: * Let me fix my hair (ie brush and comb it) and I'll be ready. 我梳梳头, 马上就好. 6 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) arrange sth 安排某事物: * I'll fix (up) a meeting. 我来安排会议. * I could fix it up with Geoffrey. 我可以和杰弗里商量一下, 把这事安排好. 7 [Tn] find out (the exact nature, position, time, etc of sth) 确定（某事物的真正性质、 位置、 时间等）. 8 [Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (for sb) (esp US) provide or prepare (esp food) 供给或准备（尤指食物）: * He's just fixing a snack. 他在准备一点小吃. * Can I fix you a drink? 我给你弄点饮料好吗? * Let me fix supper for you. 我去给你准备晚饭. 9 [Tn] treat (photographic film, dyed fabric, etc) with a chemical so that the colours do not change or fade （用化学药品）使（摄影底片、 染过的织物等的颜色）固定不变, 定影. 10 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (infml 口) influence the result or actions of (sth), by unfair or illegal means 作弊:

fix1
* I knew the race was fixed. 我知道这次比赛有鬼. * The jury/judge had been fixed. 有人操纵了陪审团[法官]. 11 [Tn] (infml 口) punish or kill (esp sb who has harmed one); get even with 惩罚或杀死（尤指伤害过自己的人）; 报复: * I'll fix him so that he never bothers you again. 我来收拾他, 叫他再也不能打扰你. 12 [I, Tn] (sl 俚) inject oneself with (a narcotic drug) 给自己注射（毒品）. 13 (phr v) fix on sb/sth decide to have sb/sth; choose 决定要某人[某事物]; 选定; 确定: * They've fixed on Ashby as the new chairman. 他们决定让阿什比做新的主席. * Have you fixed on a date for the wedding?你们举行婚礼的日期确定了吗? fix sth up repair, redecorate, or adapt sth 修理、 重新装饰或改装某物: * He fixed up the cottage before they moved in. 他把农舍修整好, 他们才搬进去. fix sb up (with sth) (infml 口) arrange for sb to have sth; provide sb with sth 为某人安排某事物; 向某人提供某事物: * I'll fix you up with a place to stay. 我来给你安排住处. * She's got herself fixed up with a cosy flat. 她弄到了一套舒适的公寓. fix sb with sth (fml 文) direct one's gaze, attention, etc at sb 凝视某人; 注视某人: * He fixed her with an angry stare. 他怒目注视着她. 派生： fixed/fikst; fikst] adj 1 already arranged and decided; not changing; set 已决定的; 确定不变的; 固定的: * fixed prices 固定的价格 * a fixed rate of interest 固定的利率. 2 (of ideas, wishes, etc) held firmly and sometimes obsessively （指想法、 愿望等）坚定的, 执着的, 固执的: * He had the fixed idea that a woman's place was in the home. 他有个成见, 认为女人的天地是在家里. 3 [attrib 作定语] (of an expression on sb's face) not changing; intent （指表情）不变的, 专注的: * a fixed smile, glare, stare, etc 呆板的微笑、 眼睛一动不动的怒视、 目不转睛的注视. 4 [pred 作表语] ~ for sth (infml 口) provided or supplied with sth 供给或供应某物:

fix2
* How are you fixed for money, food, time, etc? 你的钱、 食物、 时间等是怎麽来的? 5 (idm 习语) (of) ,no fixed a`bode/ad`dress (law 律) (having) no permanent place to live in 无固定住所[住址]（的）: * Lovejoy, of no fixed abode, was charged with murder. 洛夫乔伊, 居无定所, 被控谋杀. fixedly[5fiksidli; 5fiksidli] adv without altering one's gaze; intently 目不转睛地; 专注地: * stare fixedly at sb 目不转睛地注视某人. fixed `assets permanent business assets, eg buildings and equipment 固定资产（如建 物和设备）. Cf 参看 current assets (current1). fixed `costs business costs that do not vary with the amount of work produced 固定成本（不随产量变化而变动的企业成本）. ,fixed `star star so far from the earth that it seems to have no movement 星. fixer[5fiksE(r); 5fiksl] n 1 (infml 口) person who makes (usu illegal) arrangements 代为做（通常为非法的）安排的人. 2 (chemical) substance that fixes (fix1 9) photographs or dyes 定影剂; 定色剂. fixity[5fiksiti; 5fiksEti] n [U] ~ of sth quality of being fixed; firmness 固定性; 稳定性: * She displayed great fixity of purpose. 她目标始终如一.

fixated
[fik'seitid; 5fik7setid] adj [pred 作表语] ~ (on sb/sth) having an abnormal emotional attachment (to sb/sth) （对某人[某事物]）固恋, 异常依恋: * He is fixated on things that remind him of his childhood. 他异常依恋那些使他回忆起童年生活的东西.

fixation
[fik'seiFn; fiks'eFEn] n ~ (on sb/sth) unhealthy emotional attachment (to sb/sth); obsession （对某人[某事物]）情感上不健康的依恋, 固恋: * a mother fixation 对母亲的固恋 * fixations about marriage 对婚姻的固恋.

fixative
[5fiksEtiv; 5fiksEtiv] n [C, U] 1 substance used for fixing (fix1 9) photographic film, dye, etc, or for preventing perfume from evaporating too quickly 定影剂; 固色剂; 防（香料）挥发剂. 2 substance used for sticking things together or keeping things in position, esp false teeth or hair 固定剂（尤指粘假牙或假发的）: * Dentures require a strong fixative. 粘假牙需用强力固定剂.

fixture
[5fikstFE(r); 5fikstFl] n 1 (usu pl 通常作复数) thing, such as a bath, water tank or toilet, that is fixed in a building and is not removed when the owner moves house （建 物内的）固定装置（如澡盆、 水箱、 马桶等）: * plumbing fixtures 管道装置 * The price of the house included many existing fixtures and fittings that were not to our taste. 房价包括不合我们心意的许多固定装置和附 加设备. Cf 参看 fitting2 2, movables (movable). 2 (day fixed or decided for a) sporting event 体育运动项目（已确定的比赛日期）. 3 (infml 口) person or thing that is firmly established and appears unlikely to leave a place or position 地位稳固而不大可能离开某处或某职位的人; 固定於某处不大可能移动之物: * Professor Gravity now seems to have become an unwanted fixture in the college. 格雷维蒂教授现在好像成了学院里的累赘.

fizz
[fiz; fiz] v [I] 1 (of a liquid) produce bubbles of gas; effervesce （指液体）冒泡, 起泡. 2 make a hissing or spluttering sound 发出嘶嘶声或看啪声: * The match fizzed. 火柴发出嘶嘶声. 派生： fizz n [U] 1 quality of having a lot of bubbles of gas in a liquid; effervescence 液体冒泡的性能; 起泡: This lemonade has lost its fizz. 这汽水跑气了. 2 fizzing sound 嘶嘶声或看啪声: the fizz of a firework 烟火的嘶嘶声; (infml 口) drink, eg champagne, that has a lot of bubbles of gas 起泡的饮料（如香槟）.

fizzle
[5fizl; 5fizl] v 1 [I] make a weak fizzing sound 发出微弱的嘶嘶声. 2 (phr v) fizzle out end or fail in a weak or disappointing way 虎头蛇尾般结束或失败: * After a promising start, the project soon fizzled out. 这项计画开始时很有希望, 但不久就失败了.

fizzy
[5fizi; 5fizi] adj (-ier, -iest) (of a drink) having a lotof bubbles of gas that make a hissing sound; effervescent or carbonated （指饮料）有大量气泡因而嘶嘶作响的, 含二氧化碳的: * fizzy lemonade 汽水. > fizziness n [U].

fjord
= fiord.

fl
abbr 缩写 = floor: Accounts Office 3rd fl 四楼会计室.

fl oz
abbr 缩写 = (pl unchanged or fl ozs 复数或不变或作fl ozs) fluid ounce: 5 fl oz 5液量盎司.

flab
[flAb; flAb] n [U] (infml derog 口, 贬) soft loose fatty flesh on a person's body 人体上松弛的肌肉: * middle-age flab, ie on people aged about 40-60 years 中年人的松弛的肌肉. 派生： flabby[5flbi; 5flAbi] adj (-ier, -iest) (derog 贬) 1 (a) soft and loose; not strong or firm 松软的; 松弛的: * flabby muscles, thighs, flesh, etc 松弛的肌肉、 松软的大腿、 松软的肉. (b) having soft loose fatty flesh 肥胖而肌肉松弛的: * He's getting fat and flabby because he doesn't have enough exercise. 他因为缺少锻炼而日见肥胖肌肉松弛. =>Usage at fat1 用法见fat1. 2 feeble and weak; ineffective 软弱无力的; 无效的: * flabby excuses 软弱无力的托辞 * a flabby argument, plot, speech, etc 无力的论据、 松散的情节、 欠说服力的讲话. flabbily adv. flabbiness n [U].

flabbergast
[5flAbEga:st; - -gAst; 5flAbl7gAst] v[Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] (infml 口) overwhelm(sb) with shocked amazement: * surprise very greatly 使（某人）目瞪口呆, 大吃一惊: * He was flabbergasted when he heard that his friend had been accused of murder. 他听说朋友被控谋杀罪, 大吃一惊.

flaccid
[5flAksid; 5flAksid] adj (fml 文) soft and weak; loose and limp; not firm 软弱的; 松弛的; 不结实的. > flaccidity/flk'sidEti; flAk'sidEti] n [U].

flag
1[flAg; flAg] n 1 (usu oblong or square) piece of cloth with a particular design, that can be attached by one edge to a rope, pole, etc and used as a symbol of a country, party, etc or as a signal 旗: * The national flag of the United Kingdom is called the Union Jack. 英国的国旗称作Union Jack. * The ship was sailing under the Dutch flag, ie the Dutch flag was flying from its mast. 那条船航行时悬挂着荷兰国旗. * All the flags were flying at half-mast, ie in honour of a famous dead person. 所有的旗帜都降半旗致哀. * The guard waved his flag and the train left the station. 列车长摇动手中的旗子, 火车随之开出车站. * The white flag is a symbol of a truce or surrender. 白旗表示停战或投降. =>illus 见插图. 2 small piece of paper or cloth attached to a stick or pin, esp one given to sb who contributes to a charity appeal 小纸旗或小布旗（尤指送给为慈善事业捐款者的）: * children selling flags for a cancer research appeal 为癌症研究募捐而售旗的孩子们. 3 sign displayed to show that a taxi is for hire （计程车表示可载客的）旗形牌. 4 (idm 习语) a ,flag of con`venience flag of a foreign country under which a ship registers to avoid the taxes and certain regulations of the owner's home country 方便旗（船只为逃避本国捐税或避免履行某些规章而在他国注册所挂的该国国旗）. fly/show/wave the flagmake known one's support of or loyalty to one's country, party, movement, etc, esp in order to encourage others to do the same 表示对自己的国家、 党派、 运动等的拥护或忠诚. keep the `flag flying continue to support one's country or a set of principles 坚持拥护自己的国家或一套原则: * Our exporters proudly kept the flag flying at the international trade exhibition. 在国际贸易展览会上, 我国的出口商为国争光. 派生： flag v (-gg-) 1 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] place a flag or flags on (sth); decorate with flags 悬旗於（某物）; 用旗装饰: The streets were flagged to celebrate the royal wedding. 街上挂起了旗子, 庆祝皇室婚礼.

flag1
2 [Tn] mark (sth) for particular attention with a special mark or label （用特殊记号或标签）标出（某物, 以引起特别注意）: All the surnames in the list have been specially flagged so that the computer can print them out easily. 名单上的姓氏都特别标出, 以便计算机容易打印出. 3 (phr v) flag sth down signal to (a moving vehicle) to stop, usu by waving one's arm 向（行驶的车辆）发出停车信号（通常指挥动手臂）: flag down a taxi 挥手拦截计程车. 复合： `flag-day n 1 (US tag day) day on which money is collected in public places for a charity, a small paper flag or sticker being given to those who contribute 售旗募捐日（该日於公共场所募捐, 捐款者获小纸旗或标贴）. 2 Flag Day (US) 14 June, anniversary of the day in 1777 when the Stars and Stripes became the national flag 美国国旗制定纪念日（6月14日, 为纪念1777年该日决定以星条旗为美国国旗）. `flag-pole n long pole on which a flag is flown 旗杆. `flagship n 1 ship which has the commander of a fleet on board 旗舰. 2 (fig 比喻) most important of a group of products, projects, services, etc （一批产品、 工程、 服务设施等中）最重要者: This dictionary is the flagship of Oxford's range of learners' dictionaries. 本词典执牛津一系列学习者词典之牛耳. `flagstaff n flag-pole 旗杆. `flag-waving n [U] (esp excessive) expression of patriotic or group feeling(s) （尤指过激的）爱国情绪或宗派情绪: [attrib 作定语] I didn't think much of that speech it was just a flag-waving exercise, ie one that did not deal with real issues. 我认为他的话无足轻重--只不过是偏激的派性空话.

flagellant
[5flAdVElEnt; 5flAdVElEnt] (fml 文) n person who whips himself or another person, either as a religious penance or to obtain or give sexual pleasure （为宗教苦行或为获得或给予性快感）鞭笞自己或他人者. 派生： flagellate[5flAdVEleit; 5flAdVE7let] v [Tn] (fml 文) whip (sb or oneself), as a religious penance or for sexual gratification （作为宗教苦行或为满足性欲）鞭笞（某人或自己）. flagellation[7flAdVE'leiFn; 7flAdVE'leFEn] n.

flagon
[5flAgEn; 5flAgEn] n 1 large rounded bottle in which wine, cider, etc is sold, usu holding about twice as much as an ordinary bottle 大肚酒瓶（通常容量为普通酒瓶的两倍）. 2 container with a handle, lip and lid for serving wine at a table （有把手、 壶嘴、 壶盖的）酒壶. 3 amount of liquid contained in a flagon 一个大肚酒瓶或酒壶的量: * drink a flagon of wine 喝一大壶酒.

flagrant
[5fleigrEnt; 5flegrEnt] adj (usu of an aciton) particularly bad, shocking and obvious （通常指行为）极坏的, 骇人听闻的, 公然的: * a flagrant breach of justice 公然违反公正原则 * flagrant violations of human rights 对人权的粗暴践踏. > flagrantly adv.

flagstone
[5flAgstEun; 5flAg7ston] (also flag) n flat piece of stone (usu square or oblong) for a floor, path or pavement 石板（通常为正方形或长方形, 用以铺室内地面、 小径或边道）.

flail
[fleil; flel] n tool consisting of a stick swinging from a long handle, used esp formerly to separate grain from chaff 连枷（有长柄的农具, 尤於旧时作打谷用）. 派生： flail v 1 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) wave or swing about wildly （使某物）乱摇或乱摆: The dying lamb fell, its legs flailing (about) helplessly. 小羊快要死了, 倒在地上四条腿又踢又蹬. * flail one's arms/hands above one's head 将双臂[双手]举过头顶摇动. 2 [Tn] beat (sth) (as if) with a flail （似）用连枷打（某物）.

flair
[fleE(r); fler] n 1 [sing, U] ~ for sth natural ability to do sth well 天资; 天分: * He doesn't show much flair for the piano. 他对弹钢琴没有什麽天资. * She has a real flair for languages, ie is quick at learning them. 她真有学习语言的天分. 2 [U] original and attractive quality; stylishness 天生的吸引人的特质; 风度.

flak
[flAk; flAk] n [U] 1 guns shooting at enemy aircraft; fire from those guns 高射炮; 高射炮火: * run into heavy flak 陷入密集的高射炮火中. 2 (infml 口) severe criticism 严厉的批评: * The plans for the new tax have come in for a lot of flak, ie have been very strongly criticized. 新的税务计画遭到了猛烈抨击. 复合： `flak jacket heavy protective jacket reinforced with metal （衬有金属片的）防护衣; 避弹衣.

flake
[fleik; flek] n small thin layer or piece, esp one that has broken off a surface or object; small loose bit 小薄片（尤指从物体上剥落下来的）; 小碎片: * Scrape off all the loose flakes of paint before redecorating. 先把翘起来的漆皮刮掉再重新装修. * snowflakes 雪花 * soap-flakes 肥皂片. 派生： flake v 1 [I, Ip] ~ (off/away) come or fall off in flakes 成片状剥落: The paint on the walls is beginning to flake (off). 墙上的漆开始剥落了. 2 [I, Tn] separate (usu food) into flakes （使）（通常为食物）成片: flaked fish 切成片的鱼. 3 (phr v) flake out (infml 口) collapse or fall asleep from exhaustion （因精疲力竭）瘫倒或入睡: When I got home from the airport, I flaked out in the nearest armchair. 我从机场回到家, 便一下瘫倒在离我最近的沙发上了. flaky adj (-ier, -iest) made up of flakes; tending to break into flakes 由薄片组成的; 易分裂成薄片的: flaky pastry 酥饼. flakiness n [U].

flambe
[5flCmbei; - fla:m'bei; flCm'be] adj (French 法) (following ns 置於名词之後) (of food) covered with brandy or other spirit, set alight and served （指食物）浇上白兰地等酒类, 点燃後供食用的: * pancakes flambe 带火焰的薄饼.

flamboyant
[flAm'bCiEnt; flAm'bCiEnt] adj 1 (of a person or his character, manner, etc) showy, very confident and extravagant （指人或性格、 举止等）爱炫耀的, 非常自信的, 奢华的: * rich flamboyant film stars 阔绰而爱炫耀的电影明星 * flamboyant gestures 炫耀的姿态. 2 brightly coloured or decorated 艳丽的; 装饰华丽的: * flamboyant clothes 华丽的服装. > flamboyance[- 5bRIEns; -bRIEns/ n [U]. flamboyantly adv.

flame
1[fleim; flem] n 1 [C, U] hot glowing portion of burning gas that comes from something on fire 火焰: * The curtains were enveloped in a sheet of flame. 窗 被火焰吞没. * the tiny flame of a cigarette-lighter 打火机小小的火焰 * The house was in flames, ie was on fire, burning. 房子失火了. * An oil heater was knocked over and burst instantly into flames, ie suddenly began to burn strongly. 油加热器碰倒了, 顿时燃起了一片大火. * The whole hotel went up in flames (ie was destroyed by fire) in minutes. 整个旅馆几分钟就烧毁了. =>illus at candle 见candle插图. 2 [C] bright light or brilliant colour, usu red or orange 明亮的光线或灿烂的颜色（通常指红色或橙色）: * The flowering shrubs were a scarlet flame. 花丛一片嫣红. 3 [C] (rhet 修辞) intense feeling, esp love 强烈的感情（尤指爱情）: * the flame of passion 激情的烈焰 * A flicker of interest soon turned into the burning flames of desire. 一丝情趣的星星之火未几演成了乾柴烈火. 4 [C] (infml 口) person with whom one was once in love; sweetheart or lover (used esp in the expression shown) 旧情人, 情人, 爱人（尤用於以下示例）: * an old flame 老相好. 5 (idm 习语) add fuel to the flames => add. fan the flames => fan2. pour oil on the flames => pour. 复合： `flame-thrower n weapon that projects a stream of burning fuel 火焰喷射器; 喷火器.

flamenco
[flE'meNkEu; flE'meNko] n [C, U] (pl ~s) (music for a) strongly rhythmical dance performed originally by Spanish gypsies 弗拉明柯舞（曲）（源於西班牙吉普赛人的节奏强烈的舞蹈）.

flamingo
[flE'miNgEu; flE'miNgo] n (pl ~s) long-legged wading-bird with a long neck and pink feathers 红鹳.

flammable
[5flAmEbl; 5flAmEbl] adj easily set on fire; that can burn easily 易燃烧的: * Pyjamas made from flammable material have been removed from most shops. 大部分商店都不再出售用易燃材料做的睡衣了. Cf参看 inflammable, non-flammable. =>Usage at invaluable 用法见invaluable.

flan
[flAn; flAn] n open pastry or sponge pie case containing a fruit, jam or savoury filling 果馅饼: * an apple flan 苹果馅饼. Cf 参看 pie, tart2.

flange
[flAndV; flAndV] n raised outside edge, eg of a railway wheel, to hold it in place 凸缘; 法兰.

flank
[flANk; flANk] n 1 fleshy part of the side of an animal or person between the ribs and the hip 尘; 尘腹. =>illus at horse 见horse插图. 2 side of sth, eg a building or mountain 侧面（如建 物或山的）. 3 left or right side of an army or a body of troops （部队的）侧翼: * Our orders are to attack their left flank. 我们的命令是攻击他们的左翼. * [attrib 作定语] a flank attack 侧翼攻击. 派生： flank v [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] place (sb/sth) on each side of or at the side of sb/sth 置（某人[某物]）於某人[某物]的两侧或一侧: The prisoner was flanked by the two detectives, ie There was a detective on each side of him. 那个囚犯夹在两名侦探的中间. * The garden is flanked to the north with large maple trees. 花园的北侧是一些高大的枫树.

flannel
[5flAnl; 5flAnl] n 1 [U] type of soft loosely woven woollen cloth 法兰绒: * [attrib 作定语] flannel trousers 法兰绒裤子. 2 flannels [pl] men's trousers made of flannel 法兰绒男裤: * a pair of cricket flannels 一条男用法兰绒板球裤. 3 = face-flannel (face1). 4 [U] (infml 口) wordy language that avoids talking about sth directly and is often intended to flatter 兜圈子的（常为奉承的）言语: * He gave me a lot of flannel but I still don't know the answer to my question. 他说了很多恭维话, 我仍然不知道怎样解决我的问题. 派生： flannel v (-ll-; US -l-) [I] (infml 口) speak or write flannel(4) 说或写兜圈子的言语: Stop flannelling and give a straight answer! 别再兜圈子了, 直截了当地回答! flannelette[7flAnE'let; 7flAnl'et] n [U] type of soft cotton material 棉法兰绒; 绒布: * [attrib 作定语] flannelette night-gowns, sheets, pyjamas, etc 绒布睡袍、 床单、 睡衣等.

flap
1[flAp; flAp] n 1 ~(of sth) flat piece of material that covers an opening or hangs down （用以覆盖开口的或垂下的）扁平物: * the flap of an envelope 信封的封盖 * the flap of a tent, pocket, etc 帐篷的 、 衣袋的盖 * the flap of a table, ie an extra hinged section that hangs down when not in use 桌子的活边（以铰链与桌面相连, 不用时可以垂下）. 2 part of the wing on an aircraft that can be lifted in flight to change the aircraft's upward direction （飞行器的）襟翼. =>illus at aircraft 见aircraft插图. 3 action or sound of flapping; light blow, usu with something flat 拍打; 拍打声; 轻击（通常指用扁平物击打）. 4 (idm 习语) be in/get into a flap (infml 口) be in/get into a state of agitation, confusion, nervous excitement, etc 处於忐忑不安、 慌乱、 紧张、 激动等的状态: * I got into a real flap when I lost my keys. 我丢了钥匙, 心里发慌.

flapjack
[5flApdVk; 5flAp7dVAk] n 1 biscuit made from oats, butter and honey or syrup （用燕麦粉、 黄油和蜂蜜或糖汁做的）饼乾. 2 (esp US) thick pancake 厚煎饼.

flapper
[5flApE(r); 5flApl] n 1 broad flat device used for killing flies, etc （打苍蝇等的）拍子; 蝇拍. 2 (dated infml 旧, 口) fashionable and unconventional young woman of the 1920s （20世纪20年代的）不拘传统的时髦少女.

flare
1[fleE(r); fler] v 1 [I] burn brightly but briefly or unsteadily 燃烧; 闪耀: * The match flared in the darkness. 火柴的光亮在黑暗中一闪. * flaring gas jets 闪耀着的煤气火焰. 2 [I] (fig 比喻) burst into sudden activity or anger （行动或愤怒）爆发: * Tempers flared at the conference. 会上群情激奋. 3 (phr v) flare up (a) burn suddenly more intensely 火焰突然变旺: * The fire flared up as I put more logs on it. 我加上了几块木柴, 火顿时旺起来. (b) reach a more violent state; suddenly become angry 达到更激烈的状态; 突然发怒: * Violence has flared up again. 暴乱又起. * He flares up at the slightest provocation. 稍一激他, 他就大发脾气. (c) (of an illness) recur （指疾病）复发: * My back trouble has flared up again. 我的後背又疼起来了. 派生： flare n 1 (usu sing 通常作单数) bright and unsteady or brief light or flame （耀眼而摇曳的）闪光或火焰: the sudden flare of a torch in the darkness 手电筒的光在黑暗中的一闪. 2 (device that produces a) flaring light used esp as a signal 闪光（装置）（尤指用作信号的）: The captain of the sinking ship used flares to attract the attention of the coastguard. 轮船正在下沉, 船长向海岸巡逻队发出闪光信号求救. 复合： `flare-path line of lights on a runway to guide aircraft landing or taking off （供飞行器用的）照明跑道. `flare-up n 1 sudden burst of light or flame （光或火焰的）突然闪耀. 2 sudden outburst of strong or violent activity or feeling （激烈行动或情感的）爆发.

flash
1[flAF; flAF] n 1 [C] (a) sudden bright burst of light or flame 闪光; 闪烁: * a flash of lightning 一道闪电. (b) (fig 比喻) sudden show of wit, understanding, etc （机智等的）显露; 恍然大悟: * a flash of inspiration, intuition, etc 灵机一动、 直觉的感触. 2 [C] = news flash (news). 3 [C, U] device or system that produces a brief bright light for taking photographs indoors or in poor light 闪光灯: * This camera has a built-in flash. 这架照相机有内置闪光灯. * I'll need flash for this shot; the light isn't good enough. 我拍这张照片需用闪光灯, 这里光线不好. 4 [C] coloured stripe or patch of cloth worn as an emblem on a military uniform, eg on the shoulder （佩於军服上的）徽章（如肩章）. 5 [C usu sing 通常作单数] (infml 口) brief showing of the sexual organs, esp by men; indecent exposure 瞬间展露性器官（尤指男子）; 猥亵性暴露. 6 [attrib 作定语] (infml derog 口, 贬) expensive-looking, showy and usu not in good taste 花哨的; 炫耀的: * a flash sports car 花里胡哨的跑车. 7 (idm 习语) a ,flash in the `pan sudden brilliant success that lasts only a short time and is not repeated 昙花一现: * His first novel was a flash in the pan, and he hasn't written anything decent since. 他的第一部小说如昙花一现, 此後他再没写出像样的东西. in a/like a `flash very quickly; at once; immediately 很快; 立刻; 立即: * I'll be back in a flash. 我马上就回来. quick as a flash => quick. `flashbulb n bulb in a flash1(3) 闪光灯泡. `flash cube set of four flashbulbs arranged as a cube for taking photographs one after the other 四连闪光灯（呈立方形, 四面各一闪光灯泡, 逐一使用）. `flash-flood n sudden destructive flood of water 暴洪. `flash-gun n device that holds and operates the flashlight at the same time as the camera shutter opens 闪光操纵器, 闪光枪（与摄影机快门同步的闪光装置）.

flash1
`flashlight n 1 (device that produces a) brief bright light for taking photographs indoors or in poor light 摄影闪光（装置）. 2 (esp US) = torch. 3 (source of) light used for signalling, eg in a lighthouse 闪光信号灯（如灯塔中的）. `flash-point n 1 temperature at which the vapour above a liquid such as oil gives a brief flash, but does not catch fire, when a flame is brought near it 闪点; 燃点; 引火点. 2 (fig 比喻) point at which violence or anger breaks out （暴力事件或愤怒的）爆发点: Community unrest is rapidly approaching the flashpoint. 群众的不安定情绪已接近一触即发之势. flash2/flAF; flAF] v 1 (a) [I] give or send out a brief bright light 发出闪光: * Lightning flashed during the storm. 暴风雨中闪电大作. * A lighthouse was flashing in the distance. 灯塔在远处发出闪烁的光. * (fig 比喻) His eyes flashed angrily. 他的眼睛怒火闪闪. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] cause (sth) to shine briefly or suddenly 使（某物）短暂地或突然地发光: * flash a torch in sb's eyes/at sb 用手电筒照某人的眼睛[照某人]. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] (a) communicate with a light 用光联络: * flash a signal (to sb) with one's car headlights 用汽车前灯（给某人）发信号. (b) send or reflect (sth) like a flash 如闪光般发出或反映出（某物）: * Her eyes flashed anger and defiance (at everyone). 她（看着大家,）眼中闪现着愤怒与轻蔑的神情. 3 [Tn] send (sth) by radio, television, etc （通过无线电、 电视等）传送（某事物）: * flash a message on the screen 在屏幕上映出一信息. 4 [Tn, Tn.p] show or display (sth) briefly 短暂地显示或出示（某事物）: * flash an identification card 出示一下身分证 * (derog 贬) He's flashing his money around, ie to try to gain the admiration of others. 他到处显示自己有钱. 5 [I] (infml 口) (esp of a man) show one's sexual organs briefly and indecently （尤指男子）猥亵性瞬间展露性器官.

flash2
6 (phr v) flash along, by, past, through, etc move very quickly in the specified direction 急速向某方向运动: * The train flashed by at high speed. 火车疾驶而过. * (fig 比喻) An idea flashed into her mind. 她突然闪出一个念头. flash back (of one's thoughts) return to an earlier time （指某人的思想）回溯, 回顾, 回忆: * My mind flashed back to our previous meeting. 我又想起了我们上次会面时的情景. 派生： flasher[5flAFE(r); 5flAFl] n 1 (infml 口) person who flashes (flash2 5) 猥亵性瞬间展露性器官的人. 2 (device that controls esp a) flashing light on a vehicle used to indicate which way the vehicle is turning （尤指）车辆转向闪光指示灯（的装置）. 复合： `flashback n part of a film, play, etc that shows a scene earlier in time than the main story （电影的）闪回, 闪回镜头; （戏剧、 小说等的）倒叙, 倒叙情节: The events that led up to the murder were shown in a series of flashbacks. 酿成谋杀案的各个环节是通过一系列倒叙手法来表现的. `flash card card on which a word or words are printed or written, used as a visual aid to learning 教学卡片（有单词或词语的直观教具）.

flashy
[5flAFi; 5flAFi] adj (-ier, -iest) attractive but usu not in good taste; showy 华丽而俗气的; 炫耀的: * flashy clothes, jewellery, etc 花哨的服装、 首饰等 * a flashy car 花里胡哨的汽车. > flashily adv: * flashily dressed 穿得花里胡哨.

flask
[fla:sk; - flAsk; flAsk] n 1 (a) bottle with a narrow neck, esp one used in scientific laboratories for mixing or storing chemicals 细颈瓶; （尤指）烧瓶. (b) similarly shaped container for storing oil, wine, etc （装油、 酒等的）细颈瓶. 2 (also `hip-flask) small flat-sided bottle of metal or (often leather-covered) glass that is used for carrying alcoholic spirits in the pocket （小而扁的）金属酒瓶或（常为有皮套的）玻璃酒瓶（可装在衣袋里）. 3 = vacuum flask (vacuum). 4 amount contained in a flask 一小酒瓶的容量: * drink a flask of wine, whisky, tea, etc 喝下一小瓶葡萄酒、 威士忌、 茶等.

flat
1[flAt; flAt] n (esp Brit) (also esp US apartment) set of rooms (living-room, bedroom, kitchen, etc) for living in, usu on one floor of a building 公寓; 单元房; 一套房间: * a new block of flats 一座新的公寓楼 * They're renting a furnished flat on the third floor. 他们租了四楼的一套带家具的房间. * Many large old houses have now been converted into flats. 许多旧的大房子都己改建成了单元房. 派生： flatlet[-lit; -lit] n very small flat 小公寓.

flatten
[5flAtn; 5flAtn] v 1 [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (out) become or make (sth) flat 变平; 使（某物）变平: * The land flattens out near the coast. 海岸附近地势变得很平坦. * The graph flattens out gradually after a steep fall. 图表上的曲线突降之後逐渐趋於平稳. * a field of wheat flattened by storms 因暴风雨而倒伏的一片小麦 * flatten (out) a piece of metal by hammering it 把一块金属砸平 * flatten oneself against a wall to let people get by 紧贴墙站直, 以便他人通过. 2 [Tn] (fig 比喻) defeat (sb) completely; depress or humiliate 彻底打败（某人）; 使沮丧; 使丢脸: * He was totally flattened by her sarcasm. 她说的挖苦话使他无地自容.

flatter
[5flAtE(r); 5flAtl] v 1 [Tn] praise (sb) too much or insincerely, esp in order to gain favour for oneself 恭维, 奉承, 讨好（某人）: * If you flatter your mother a bit she might invite us all to dinner. 你要是奉承你母亲几句, 说不定她会把我们全请去吃饭. 2 [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] give a feeling of pleasure or honour to (sb) 使（某人）感到高兴或荣幸: * I was very flattered by your invitation to talk at the conference. 承蒙你邀我在会上讲话, 深感荣幸. 3 [Tn] represent (sb) in a way that makes him seem better-looking than he really is 使（某人）显得（较其实际相貌）好看: * (ironic 反语) This photograph certainly doesn't flatter you, ie It makes you look rather ugly. 这张相片实在不如你本人好看. 4 [nopassive 不用於被动语态: * Tn, Dn.f] ~ oneself (that...)believe, usu mistakenly, that one has achieved sth or has certain abilities or good qualities 认为（通常指误以为）自己成就了某事物或有某种能力或优秀品质: * Do you really think he likes you? You flatter yourself! 你真以为他喜欢你? 你那是自作多情! * He flatters himself that he speaks French well. 他自以为法语说得很好. 派生： flatterer[5flAtErE(r); 5flAtErl] n person who flatters 谄媚者; 奉承者: * Don't believe him he's a real flatterer. 别相信他--他纯粹是奉承. flattering[5flAtEriN; 5flAtEriN] adj that flatters (flatter 3) a person 使一个人美过其实的: * That's a very flattering dress Ann's wearing. 安穿着那条连衣裙显得更漂亮了. flattery[5flAtEri; 5flAtEri] n [U] insincere praise 奉承; 恭维话: * With a little flattery I might persuade him to do the job. 我说几句好听的, 也许能说服他去做这工作. * (saying 谚) Flattery will get you nowhere, ie I will not be influenced by your flattering remarks. 你恭维奉承也无济於事.

flatulent
[5flAtjulEnt; 5flAtFElEnt] adj 1 causing or suffering from gas in the stomach or digestive tract 使肠胃气胀的; 患肠胃气胀的. 2 (of a person's speech, behaviour, etc) pretentious or pompous （指言语、 行为等）做作的, 浮夸的. 派生： flatulence[5flAtjulEns; 5flAtFElEns] n [U] 1 (a) gas in the stomach or digestive tract 胃或肠中的气. (b) feeling of discomfort caused by this 肠胃气胀引起的不适: * suffer from flatulence 患肠胃气胀病. 2 pretentiousness or pomposity 做作; 浮夸.

flaunt
[flC:nt; flCnt] v [Tn] (usu derog 通常作贬义) show (sth considered valuable) in order to gain the admiration of other people 炫耀; 夸耀; 夸示: * flaunt one's new clothes, car, etc 炫耀自己的新衣服、 汽车等 * He's always flaunting his wealth. 他总是摆阔.

flautist
[5flC:tist; 5flCtist] (US flutist/flu:tist; 5flutist] ) n person who plays the flute, esp as a profession 吹笛者; （尤指）职业笛手.

flavour
(US flavor)[5fleivE(r); 5flevl] n 1 [U] taste and smell, esp of food 味道与气味（尤指食物的）: * Adding salt to food improves the flavour. 食物中加盐可以提味. 2 [C] distinctive or characteristic taste 特别的味道: * wines with a delicate flavour 有清香味道的葡萄酒 * six different flavours of ice-cream 六种不同味道的冰激凌. 3 [C, U] special quality, characteristic or atmosphere特性; 特色; 气氛: * The film retains much of the book's exotic flavour. 这部电影保存了原着的许多异国情调. 派生： flavour (US flavor) v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth)give flavour to sth by adding herbs, spices, etc （加入香料、 调味品等）给（某物）调味: flavour a stew (with onions) （加洋葱）给炖肉提味 * meat strongly flavoured with pepper 胡椒味很重的肉. flavouring (US flavoring)[5fleivEriN; 5flevEriN] n [C, U] thing added to food to give it flavour 调味品; 调味香料: * This orange drink contains no artificial flavourings. 这种橙汁饮品不含人工调味料. * The soup needs more flavouring.这汤应该再加点调料. -flavoured (US -flavored) (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having a flavour of the specified kind 有某种味道的: * lemon-flavoured sweets. flavourless (US flavorless) adj having no flavour 无味的; 无滋味的.

flaw
[flC:; flC] n 1 crack or fault (in an object or in material); imperfection （物体或材料的）裂纹或缺陷, 瑕疵: * This vase would be perfect but for a few small flaws in its base. 这花瓶底部没有那几个小斑点就十全十美了. 2 mistake that lessens the effectiveness or validity of sth 错误; 缺点: * an argument full of flaws 错误百出的论点 * a flaw in a contract 合同中的一个漏洞. 3 weak part in sb's character （某人性格上的）缺陷: * Pride was the greatest flaw in his personality. 傲慢是他品格上的最大缺陷. 派生： flaw v [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] cause (sth) to have a flaw 使（某事物）有缺陷: His reasoning can't be flawed. 他的推理无懈可击. * a flawed masterpiece, ie a work of art that is very great despite its minor faults 有瑕疵的杰作. flawless adj perfect 无瑕的; 完美的: a flawless complexion 无斑的面容 * a flawless performance 完美的表演. flawlessly adv.

flax
[flAks; flAks] n [U] 1 plant grown for its fibre and seeds 亚麻. 2 fibre from the stem of this plant, used to make linen 亚麻纤维. 派生： flaxen[5flAksn; 5flAksn] adj (of hair) pale yellow （指毛发）淡黄色的: * a flaxen-haired child 长着淡黄色头发的孩子.

flay
[flei; fle] v [Tn] 1 (a) remove the skin from (a dead animal) 剥（死动物）的皮. (b) whip violently and cruelly （用鞭子）毒打: * He was so angry he nearly flayed his horse alive, ie He beat it so much that some of its skin came off and it almost died. 他气得几乎把马活活抽死. 2 (fig 比喻) criticize (sb/sth) severely 严厉批评（某人[某事物]）.

flea
[fli:; fli] n 1 small jumping insect without wings that feeds on the blood of animals and humans 跳蚤; 虼蚤: * I must have been bitten by a flea, my arms are itchy. 我一定是让跳蚤咬了, 胳膊很痒. * The cat's got fleas. 这猫长虼蚤了. 2 (idm 习语) with a `flea in one's ear rebuked, reprimanded or humiliated after an attempt at sth （做某事以後）受到责难、 批评或羞辱: * He burst into our meeting and got sent away with a flea in his ear. 我们正在开会他闯了进来, 大家把他轰走了. 复合： `flea-bag n (sl 俚) 1 (Brit) dirty or unpleasant person or animal 肮脏或令人讨厌的人或动物: I hate the old lady next door she's a real flea-bag. 我讨厌隔壁的老太太--她纯粹是个邋遢鬼. 2 (esp US) cheap dirty hotel 廉价的肮脏旅馆. `flea-bite n 1 bite of a flea 蚤咬. 2 small but annoying inconvenience 小麻烦. `flea market (infml 口) open-air market that sells old and used goods at low prices 跳蚤市场（廉价出售旧物 的露天市场）. `flea-pit n (infml derog 口, 贬) old and dirty cinema, theatre, etc 破旧肮脏的电影院、 剧场等.

fleck
[5flek; flek] n ~ (of sth) 1 very small patch or spot of a colour 斑点: * flecks of brown and white on a bird's breast 小鸟胸部棕色和白色的斑点. 2 small particle or grain of sth 微粒: * flecks of dust, soot, dandruff 灰尘的微粒、 煤炱、 头皮屑. 派生： fleck v [Tn.pr usu passive 通常用於被动语态] ~ sth with sth mark with flecks 使有斑点: The sea was flecked with foam. 大海上涌起点点泡沫.

fled
pt, pp of flee.

fledged
[fledVd; fledVd] adj (of birds) having fully developed wing feathers for flying; able to fly （指鸟）羽翼丰满的, 会飞的.

fledgeling
(also fledgling)[5fledVliN; 5fledVliN] n 1 young bird that is just able to fly （刚会飞的）幼鸟. 2 inexperienced person 无经验的人.

flee
[fli:; fli] v (pt, pp fled/fled; fled] ) 1 (a) [I, Ipr] ~ (from sb/sth) run or hurry away; escape (esp from danger, threat, etc) 逃跑; 逃避; 避开; （尤指遇到危险、 威胁等）逃离: * The customers fled (from the bank) when the alarm sounded. 警铃响起, 顾客纷纷（从银行）逃走. (b) [Tn] run away from (sb/sth) 逃避, 逃离（某人[某事物]）: * During the civil war thousands of people fled the country. 在内战期间成千上万的人逃离了这个国家. 2 [I] (fml 文) pass away quickly; vanish 迅速消散; 消失: * All hope had fled. 一切希望都破灭了.

fleece
[fli:s; flis] n 1 [C] (a) woolly hair of a sheep or similar animal 绵羊之类动物的毛: * These sheep have fine thick fleeces. 这些绵羊的毛又细又厚. =>illus at sheep 见sheep插图. (b) amount of wool cut from a single sheep at one time 从一只羊身上一次剪得的全部羊毛. 2 [U] type of fabric with a texture like fleece 像羊毛的纤维: * My warmest coat is lined with fleece. 我那件最暖的大衣衬有绒毛里子. 派生： fleece v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (of sth) (infml 口) take (a lot of money) from sb, esp by overcharging or tricking him 诈取某人（巨款）; （尤指）敲竹 : Some local shops are really fleecing the holiday-makers (of their money). 本地的一些商店简直是敲诈来度假的人（的钱）. 2 [Tn] cut or shear the fleece from (a sheep) 剪羊毛. fleecy adj (-ier, -iest) (appearing) woolly and fluffy （像）羊毛的: fleecy clouds 羊毛状的云彩.

fleet
1[fli:t; flit] n 1 (a) [C] group of warships, submarines, etc under one commander 舰队. (b) group of ships fishing together 捕鱼船队. (c) [CGp] (usu 通常作 the fleet) all the warships, submarines, etc of a country; navy 一国的全部战舰、 潜水艇等; 海军. 2 [C] group of aircraft, buses, taxis, etc owned and operated by one organization or travelling together （同一机构的或同时运行的）机群、 公共汽车队、 计程车队等: * the company's new fleet of vans 公司的新客货车队. 复合： ,fleet `admiral officer in the US navy of the highest rank （美国）海军五星上将. =>App 9 见附录9.

fleeting
[5fli:tiN; 5flitiN] adj passing quickly; lasting only a short time 飞逝的; 短暂的: * For a fleeting moment I thought the car was going to crash. 刹那间我想到汽车要碰撞. * We paid her a fleeting visit before leaving the country. 我们出国前匆匆探望了她一次. > fleetingly adv.

flesh
[fleF; fleF] n 1 [U] (a) soft substance between the skin and bones of animal bodies, consisting of muscle and fat 肉: * The trap had cut deeply into the rabbit's flesh. 捕兽夹子紧紧夹住兔子的皮肉. (b) this as food （食用的）肉: * Tigers are flesh-eating animals. 虎是肉食动物. 2 [U] soft pulpy part of fruits and vegetables, the part that is usu eaten 果肉; 蔬菜的可食部分. 3 the flesh [sing] the (human) body contrasted with the mind or the soul （人的）肉体（与精神或灵魂相对）: * (saying 谚) The spirit is willing but the flesh is weak, ie Although sb may want to do sth, he is too lazy, tired, weak, etc actually to do it. 心有馀而力不足. 4 the flesh [sing] bodily or physical desire 肉欲; 情欲: * the pleasures/sins of the flesh 满足肉欲的快感[放纵情欲的罪]. 5 (idm 习语) ,flesh and `blood the human body or human nature with its emotions, weaknesses, etc 血肉之躯; 人性: * It was more than flesh and blood could bear. 这是血肉之躯无法忍受的. go the way of all flesh => way1. in the `flesh in physical bodily form; in person 活生生的; 亲自; 本人: * His appearance in the flesh ended the rumours about his death. 他亲自露面使传说他死亡的谣言不攻自灭. * I've got all her records but I've never seen her in the flesh. 我有她的所有唱片, 却从未见过她本人. make one's/sb's `flesh crawl/creep make one/sb feel nervous, frightened or filled with loathing 使自己[某人]感觉紧张、 害怕或厌恶: * The mere sight of snakes makes my flesh creep. 我一看见蛇就心惊肉跳. neither fish, flesh nor good red herring => fish1. one's ,own ,flesh and `blood close relatives in one's family 亲人; 近亲; 关系密切的亲属: * I'll have to go to my aunt's funeral she was my own flesh and blood after all. 我得参加我姑姑的葬礼--她是我的亲人哪. one's pound of flesh => pound1. a thorn in sb's flesh/side => thorn. the world, the flesh and the devil => world.

flesh1
派生： flesh v (phr v) flesh sth out add more details or information to sth 充实（某事物）; 增加细节或详情: Your summary will need fleshing out before you present it. 你的总结需要增加一些具体材料再交出. fleshly adj (fml 文) of the body; sensual or sexual 肉体的; 肉欲的: fleshly lusts 肉欲. fleshy adj 1 of or like flesh; rather plump （似）肉的; 多肉的; 肥胖的: fleshy arms 胖胳膊 * a fleshy body 肥胖的身体. 2 soft and pulpy 肉质的: fleshy peaches 肉质多的桃. 复合： `flesh-pots n [pl] (a) (places supplying) good food, wine, etc; luxurious living 美食、 美酒等或供应此类食物的处所; 豪华的生活. (b) places, such as brothels, where sexual desires are satisfied 满足性欲的处所（如妓院）. `flesh-wound n wound that breaks the skin but does not reach the bones or internal organs of the body 皮肉之伤; 轻伤.

fleur
de-lis (also fleur-de-lys)[7flE: dE 'li:; 7flE dE'li] n (pl fleurs-/flE: * dE 'li:; 7flE dE 'li] ) design representing a lily flower as used in heraldry, formerly the royal coat of arms of France 百合花形纹章; （旧时）法国王室纹章.

flew
pt of fly.

flex
1[fleks; fleks] n (esp Brit) (US cord) [C, U] (length of) flexible insulated wire used for carrying an electric current to an appliance 花线; 皮线.

flexible
[5fleksEbl; 5fleksEbl] adj 1 that can bend easily without breaking 易弯曲的; 柔韧的; 有弹性的: * flexible plastic tubing 弹性塑料管. 2 (a) easily changed to suit new conditions 易适应新情况的; 可变通的; 灵活的: * Our plans are quite flexible. 我们的计画十分灵活. (b) (of people) willing and able to change according to different circumstances; adaptable （指人）能随机应变的, 随遇而安的. > flexibility[7fleksE'bilEti; 7fleksE'bilEti] n [U]. flexibly[5fleksEbli; 5fleksEbli] adv.

flexitime
[5fleksitaim; 5fleksE7taim] n [U] system in which employees can start and finish work at different times each day, provided that each of them works a certain number of hours in a week or month 弹性工作时间制.

flibbertigibbet
[7flibEti7dVibit; 5fliblti7dVibit] n irresponsible, silly and gossipy person 信口雌黄、 愚蠢而饶舌的人.

flick
[flik; flik] n 1 [C] quick light blow, eg with a whip or the tip of a finger 快速轻击（尤指用鞭或指尖）. 2 [C] quick sharp movement; jerk 快而突然的动作: * He turned the pancake over with a strong flick of his wrist. 他一抖腕子就把饼翻过来了. 3 (a) [C] (dated infml 旧, 口) cinema film 电影. (b) the flicks [pl] (dated infml 旧, 口) the cinema 电影院: * What's on at the flicks? 电影院放映什麽电影? 派生： flick v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ A (with B); ~ B (at A) strike (sb/sth) with a flick; give a flick with (sth) （用某物）轻打（某人[某物]）: He flicked the horse with his whip/flicked his whip at the horse. 他用鞭子轻轻抽马. 2 [Tn, Tn.p, Cn.a] ~ sth (off, on, etc) moves sth with a flick （用快而轻的动作）移动某物: flick the light switch (on), ie turn on the light 轻按电灯开关（开灯） * He flicked the knife open. 他轻触一下把刀刃弹出. 3 [Ipr, Ip] move quickly and lightly 快而轻地移动: The cow's tail flicked from side to side. 牛尾巴轻轻地左右摇摆. 4 (phr v) flick sth away; flick sth from/off sth remove sth with a flick 轻轻地拂去某物; 弹掉; 抖掉: The waiter flicked the crumbs off the table. 服务员轻轻抖掉桌上的面包屑. flick through (sth) turn over the pages (of a book, etc) quickly, looking briefly at the contents 快速翻阅（书等）; 浏览: Sam flicked through a magazine while he waited. 萨姆一边等着一边翻阅杂志. `flick-knife n (pl -knives) (US `switch-blade) knife with a blade inside the handle that springs out quickly when a button is pressed 弹簧刀.

flicker
[5flikE(r); 5flikl] v 1 (a) [I] (of a light or flame) burn or shine unsteadily （指灯光或火焰）闪烁, 摇曳: * All the lights flickered for a moment. 所有的灯都闪了一会儿. (b) [Ipr] (fig 比喻) (of an emotion) be felt or seen briefly （指情感）稍纵即逝: * A slender hope still flickered within him. 他心中仍闪出一线希望. * A faint smile flickered across her face. 她脸上闪过一丝微笑. 2 [I, Ipr] move back and forth lightly and quickly 轻而快地来回移动; 闪动: * flickering eyelids 眨着的眼睛 * The leaves flickered gently in the breeze. 树叶在微风中摇曳. 派生： flicker n (usu sing 通常作单数) (a) flickering movement or light 闪动; 闪烁; 摇曳: the flicker of pictures on the cinema screen 银幕上闪动的画面. (b) (fig 比喻) faint and brief experience, esp of an emotion 微弱短暂的体验（尤指情感）: a flicker of hope, despair, interest, etc 一线希望、 一丝绝望情绪、 微弱的兴趣.

flier
(also flyer)[flaiE(r); 5flail] n 1 pilot of an aircraft; airman 飞行器驾驶员; 飞行员. 2 person, animal, vehicle, etc that moves very quickly 动作敏捷的人或动物; 速度很快的车辆. 3 small advertising leaflet that is widely distributed 小张广告传单. 4 = high-flyer (high).

flies
[flaiz; flaiz] n the flies [pl] space above the stage of a theatre, used for lights and storing scenery 舞台上方安装灯具及存放布景之处.

flight
1[flait; flait] n 1 [U] (a) action or process of flying through the air; ability to fly 飞行; 飞翔; 飞行的能力: * the age of supersonic flight 超音速飞行的时代 * The bird had been shot down in flight, ie while flying. 这只鸟是在飞行中打下来的. (b) movement or path of a thing through the air （物体在空中的）飞行或路线: * the flight of an arrow, a dart, a missile, etc 箭、 标枪、 导弹等的飞行. 2 [C] (a) journey made by air, esp in an aircraft on a particular route 空中的航行; （尤指飞机等的）航班: * a smooth, comfortable, bumpy, etc flight 平稳的、 舒服的、 颠簸的空中航行 * All flights have been cancelled because of fog. 因为有雾所有航班都已取消. (b) aircraft making such a journey 班机: * We travelled aboard the same flight. 我们搭乘同一班机. * Flight number BA 4793 will arrive in London at 16.50. 英国航空公司4793号班机於16时50分抵达伦敦. 3 [U, C] passage or journey through space 航天飞行; 宇宙飞行: * the history of manned space flight 载人航天史. 4 [C] group of aeroplanes working as a unit 飞行队: * an aircraft of the Queen's flight 女王专用机队的一架飞机. 5 [C] ~ (of sth) number of birds, insects, etc flying together or of arrows released together （鸟、 昆虫等的）群飞; （箭的）齐发: * a flight of geese 一队飞雁 * a flight of arrows 齐发的箭. 6 [C] series of stairs between two floors or landings 一段楼梯或阶梯: * There was no lift and we had to climb six flights of stairs. 没有电梯, 我们得爬六段楼梯. 7 [U] swift passage, esp of time 飞逝（尤指时间）. 8 [C] ~ of sth instance of sth very imaginative but usu not practical （想像力的）奔放: * wild flights of imagination 想像联翩. 9 (idm 习语) a flight of `fancy unrealistic idea, etc that exists only in sb's mind 悬想; 异想天开: * Her latest flight of fancy is to go camping in the Sahara desert! 她最近心血来潮想到撒哈拉沙漠去野营! flight1 /// * She's in the top flight of journalists. 她是出类拔萃的新闻工作者. 派生： flight v [Tn] (in cricket) give (the ball) a certain path through the air when bowling so as to deceive the batsman （板球中）使（球）沿某路线飞行（以迷惑击球员）: a well-flighted delivery 漂亮的投球. flightless adj (of birds) not able to fly （指鸟）不会飞的. 复合： `flight-deck n 1 (on a ship that carries aircraft) deck for the take-off and landing of aircraft （运载飞机的船舰上的）飞行甲板. 2 control room of a large aircraft, from which the pilot and crew fly the plane （大型飞行器的）驾驶舱. ,flight lieu`tenant officer in the Royal Air Force between the ranks of flying officer and squadron leader 皇家空军上尉. =>App 9 见附录9. `flight path direction or course of an aircraft through the air （飞行器的）飞行方向或路线: The flight paths of the aeroplanes crossed, with fatal results. 飞机的航线互相交错铸成人命惨祸. `flight-recorder n (also black `box) electronic device in an aeroplane that records details of the flight 飞行记录仪; 黑盒. `flight sergeant non-commissioned officer in the Royal Air Force next above sergeant 皇家空军上士. =>App 9 见附录9. `flight simulator device on the ground for training pilots by reproducing accurately all the conditions of flying 飞行模拟装置.

flighty
[5flaiti; 5flaiti] adj (-ier, -iest) (esp of a woman or her behaviour) changeable and unreliable; not serious （尤指女子或其行为）反覆无常的, 轻浮的.

flimsy
[5flimzi; 5flimzi] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 (a) (of cloth or material) light and thin （指布或材料）轻而薄的: * a flimsy dress 薄的连衣裙. (b) not strong or solid enough for the purpose for which it is used 不结实的; 易损坏的: * a flimsy cardboard box 不结实的纸箱. 2 (fig 比喻) weak or feeble; unconvincing 软弱无力的; 不足信的: * a flimsy excuse 站不住脚的藉口 * The evidence against him is rather flimsy. 对他不利的证据不足凭信. 派生：flimsily[-ili; -ili] adv. flimsiness n. flimsy n [C, U] (sheet of) very thin paper on which a copy of the typing is produced when it is put under carbon paper 打字纸.

flinch
[flintF; flintF] v 1 [I] move or draw back suddenly, from shock, fear or pain （因吃惊、 害怕或疼痛）畏缩或退缩: * He listened to the jeers of the crowd without flinching. 他毫不畏惧地听着群众的嘲笑. 2 [Ipr] ~ from sth/from doing sth avoid thinking about or doing sth unpleasant 不想或不做某种不愉快的事: * We shall never flinch from (the task of) telling the people the whole truth. 我们要把全部真相告诉人民, 决不推卸这种责任.

fling
[fliN; fliN] v (pt, pp flung/flQN; flQN] ) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] throw (sth) violently, angrily or hurriedly （猛力地、 愤怒地或匆忙地）扔, 抛, 掷（某物）: * fling a stone (at a window) （朝窗户）扔石头 * He flung the paper away in disgust. 他厌恶地把报纸扔了. 2 [Tn.pr, Tn.p, Cn.a] put or push (sb/sth) somewhere quickly or roughly and forcefully （急速地或粗暴而猛烈地）将（某人[某物]）放到或推向某处: * She flung the papers on the desk and left angrily. 她把文件往桌子上一摔便气冲冲地走了. * He flung her to the ground. 他把她推倒在地上. * He was flung into prison, ie put into prison roughly and perhaps without trial. 他被投入监狱. * He flung open the door. 他猛然推开了门. 3 [Tn.pr, Tn.p] move (oneself or part of one's body) suddenly or forcefully 突然或猛然移动（身体或身体的一部分）: * She flung herself in front of a car. 她猛然冲到汽车前面. * He flung his arm out just in time to stop her falling. 他急忙伸出手臂把她扶住, 她才没有跌倒. 4 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (at sb) say or express sth (to sb) in a violent way 激昂地（对某人）说或表达某事物: * You must be certain of your facts before you start flinging accusations (around) (at people). 必须对实情胸有成竹才能理直气壮地（到处）指责（别人）. 5 (phr v) fling oneself at sb = throw oneself at sb (throw). fling oneself into sth start or do sth with a lot of energy and enthusiasm （尽力而积极地）开始或做某事: * She flung herself into her new job. 她全力投入新的工作. fling off, out, etc move angrily or violently in the specified direction 愤怒地或激烈地沿某方向冲去: * He flung out of the room. 他愤怒地冲出房间. fling sth on get dressed hurriedly and carelessly 匆忙地穿上衣服: * She flung on her coat and ran to the bus-stop. 她匆匆穿上大衣就向公共汽车站跑去.

fling1
派生： fling n 1 act or movement of flinging; throw 扔; 抛; 掷. 2 (infml 口) short period of enjoyment in some(often irresponsible) activity (used esp in the expressionsshown) 一时的（常为放纵的）行乐（尤用於以下示例）: a last/final fling 最後的行乐 * have a/one's fling 恣意行乐 * I had a few flings (ie casual love affairs) in my younger days. 我年轻时有些风流韵事. 3 type of energetic (esp Scottish) dance 充满活力的（尤指苏格兰的）舞蹈: the Highland fling 高地弗林格.

flint
[flint; flint] n 1 [U] very hard grey stone that can produce sparks when struck against steel 燧石; 火石: * This layer of rock contains a lot of flint. 这一岩层中有大量燧石. * [attrib 作定语] flint axes 燧石斧 * (fig 比喻) He has a heart like flint, ie He is unfeeling and stubborn. 他铁石心肠. 2 [C] piece of this or of hard alloy used to produce sparks, eg in a cigarette lighter 打火石. 派生： flinty adj (-ier, -iest) 1 made of flint; very hard, like flint 燧石的; 燧石般坚硬的. 2 cruel; unyielding 冷酷的; 坚定不移的: a flinty heart 铁石心肠. 复合： `flintlock n old-fashioned gun, in which the gunpowder is lit by a spark struck from a flint 火石簧扳枪.

flip
[flip; flip] v (-pp-) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] toss (sth) with a sharp movement of the thumb and forefinger so that it turns over in the air （用拇指和食指）捻（某物）（使之在空中翻转）: * flip a coin (in the air) 捻硬币（抛向空中）. 2 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (over) turn sth over quickly 快速地翻转某物: * flip the pages over 很快地翻着书页. 3 [Tn, Tn.p] move (sth) with a quick sharp movement; flick (2) 快速猛然移动（某物）: * He flipped the light on. 他猛然开了灯. 4 [I] (sl 俚) become very angry, excited or enthusiastic 变得非常气愤、 激动或热情: * My mother really flipped when I told her I was getting married. 我把要结婚的消息告诉了母亲, 母亲非常激动. 5 (idm 习语) ,flip one's `lid (infml 口) lose one's self-control; go crazy 失去自制力; 发疯. 6 (phr v) flip through sth = flick through sth (flick). 派生： flip n quick light blow or movement, esp one that tosses sth 快而轻的打击或动作（尤指将某物抛出）: give a coin a flip 把一枚硬币抛向空中. flip adj (infml 口) glib; flippant 草率的; 轻率的: a flip comment 轻率的评论. flip interj (expressing annoyance or great surprise 表示厌烦或惊讶). flipping adj, adv (Brit) (used as a mild alternative to a swear-word 用作语气较轻的咒骂语): I hate this flipping hotel! 我讨厌这该死的旅馆! * What flipping awful weather! 多讨厌的天气! 复合： `flip-flop (US thong) n type of open sandal with a strap that goes between the big toe and the next toe 夹趾拖鞋; 人字拖鞋: a pair of flip-flops 一双夹趾拖鞋. =>illus at sandal 见sandal插图. `flip side reverse side of a gramophone record, esp the side that does not have the main song or piece of music on it 唱片的反面（尤指没有主要歌曲或乐曲的一面）.

flippant
[5flipEnt; 5flipEnt] adj not showing sufficient respect or seriousness 轻浮的; 轻率的: * a flippant answer, remark, attitude, etc 漫不经心的回答、 言语、 态度等. 派生： flippancy[-Ensi; -Ensi] n [U] (quality of) being flippant 轻浮; 轻率: * His flippancy makes it difficult to have a decent conversation with him. 他玩世不恭, 很难正经地和他交谈. flippantly adv.

flipper
[5flipE(r); 5flipl] n 1 broad flat limb of certain sea animals (not fish) used for swimming （非鱼类海生动物的）鳍状肢: * Seals, turtles and penguins have flippers. 海豹、 海龟、 企鹅均有鳍状肢. 2 either of a pair of flat rubber attachments worn on the feet and used to help in underwater diving and swimming （用於潜水和游泳的）橡胶蹼, 鸭脚板.

flirt
[flE:t; flEt] v [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb) 1 behave (towards sb) in a romantic or suggestive way but without serious intentions 调情: * It's embarrassing when they flirt like that in public, ie with each other. 他们在大庭广众之中那样调情, 真让人难堪. * He enjoys flirting (with the girls in the office). 他爱（与办公室的女职员）调情. 2 ~ with sth (a) pretend to be interested in sth; think about sth but not seriously 假装对某事物感兴趣; 对某事物想想而已: * I'm flirting with the idea of getting a job in China. 我胡思乱想着要到中国去工作. (b) behave so casually that one's life is put in danger 举动轻率（罔顾自己的性命）: * flirt with danger/death 把危险[死亡]当儿戏. 派生： flirt n person who flirts with many people 与许多人调情的人: They say he's a terrible flirt. 据说他是调情色鬼. flirtation/flE:'teiFn; flE'teFEn] n 1 [U] flirting 调情. 2 [C] (a) ~ with sb brief and frivolous romantic involvement 短暂的风流韵事: * carry on/have a flirtation with sb 与某人一时风流. (b) ~ with sth superficial interest in sth 对某事物的淡薄的兴趣: * a brief flirtation with the idea of starting his own business 想自己开业的短暂的念头. flirtatious/flE:'teiFEs; flE'teFEs] adj (a) fond of flirting 爱调情的: * an attractive flirtatious young woman 爱卖弄风情的年轻貌美的女子. (b) of or related to flirting 调情的; 与调情有关的: * flirtatious behaviour 调情的举动.

flit
[flit; flit] v (-tt-) 1 [Ipr, Ip] fly or move lightly and quickly from one place to another 轻快地从一处飞到另一处; 掠过: * bees flitting (about) from flower to flower 在花丛中飞来飞去的蜜蜂 * He flits from one thing to another, ie does not deal with anything seriously. 他做事总是叁心二意. * (fig 比喻) A thought flitted through my mind, ie came suddenly but then quickly disappeared. 在我头脑中有一闪念. 2 [I] (Brit infml 口) move about from one house to another; move from one's home secretly ,esp in order to avoid paying debts, etc 频繁搬迁; 秘密离家（尤指为躲债等）. 派生： flit n (Brit infml 口) act of flitting (flit 2) (used esp in the expression shown) （为躲债等）搬家, 离家（尤用於以下示例）: do a (moonlight) flit （在夜半）秘密搬家.

float
1[flEut; flot] v 1 (a) [I, Ipr] stay on or at the surface of a liquid and not sink; be held up in air or gas 漂浮; 飘: * Wood floats (in water). 木头能漂浮（於水面）. * Try and float on your back. 试试仰浮. (b) [Ipr] move without resistance in air, water or gas; drift slowly 漂流; 飘动: * A balloon floated across the sky. 有个气球从空中飘过. * The raft was floating gently down the river. 筏子顺河水缓缓漂流. * (fig 比喻) Thoughts of lazy summer afternoons floated through his mind. 夏日懒洋洋的下午种种思绪在他脑海里浮想联翩. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] bring (sth) to the surface of a liquid; cause (sth) to move on liquid or in air 使（某物）漂浮; 使（某物）漂流或飘动: * There wasn't enough water to float the ship. 水不够深, 船浮不起来. * float a raft of logs down the river 使圆木筏顺河漂下 * We waited for the tide to float the boat off the sandbank. 我们等待涨潮, 让潮水把船浮起离开沙滩. 3 [Tn] suggest (a plan or project); present for acceptance or rejection 提出（计画、 方案等）; 交出（以供取舍）: * Let me float a couple of ideas. 让我来谈两叁点意见仅供参考. 4 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (about/around (sth)) (infml 口) (of a person) move vaguely or aimlessly from place to place; do nothing in particular （指人）游荡, 无所事事: * My weekend was boring I just floated about (the house) or watched TV. 我的周末过得很无聊--只是在屋子里 转转或者看看电视. 5 [Tn] start (a new business company) by selling shares in it to the public （以公开发行股票方式）开办（新公司）. 6 (a) [Tn] allow the foreign exchange values of (a currency) to vary freely according to the value of other international currencies 使（某货币）的对外汇率浮动: * float the pound, dollar, yen, etc 使英镑、 美元、 日元等的对外汇率浮动. (b) [I] (of a currency) find its own value in this way （指货币）随汇率浮动.

float1
7 (phr v) float about/around (esp in the continuous tenses 尤用於进行时态) (a) (of a rumour) be heard or talked about a lot （指传闻）广为流传: * There's a rumour floating around of a new job in the unit. 这个部门盛传有个新工作要聘人. (b) (of an object) be in an unspecified place （指物品）在未指出的某处: * Have you seen my keys floating about (anywhere)? 你在什麽地方见到我的钥匙了吗? 派生： floating adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] 1 not fixed, determined or committed 不固定的; 未决定的; 未承诺的: a floating voter, ie a person who is not committed to always voting for the same political party 浮动选民（未必总投同一政党选票者） * floating population, ie one in which people are constantly moving from one place to another 流动人口. 2 (medical 医) out of its normal position 游离的: a floating kidney 游离肾. ,floating `capital money that is not invested or otherwise committed 流动资本. ,floating `dock large box-like structure that can be put under the water to allow a ship to enter it, and then floated to lift the ship out of water 浮船坞. `floating rib (anatomy 解) rib that is not joined to the breastbone 浮肋.

flock
1[flCk; flak] n [CGp] 1 ~ (of sth) group of sheep, goats or birds of the same kind, either kept together or feeding and travelling together （同一种的羊或鸟的）一群: * a flock of wild geese 一群雁 * flocks (of sheep) and herds (of cattle) 羊群和牛群. 2 large crowd of people 人群; 群众: * People came in flocks to see the royal procession. 人们蜂拥而至瞻望皇室人员外出时的仪仗队. 3 number of people in sb's care, esp Christian churchgoers under a priest （由某人照管的）一群人; （尤指同一牧师辖下的）全体教徒: * a priest and his flock 牧师和他的教友. 派生： flock v [Ipr, Ip] gather, move, come or go together in great numbers 群集; 成群结队: In the summer, tourists flock to the museums and art galleries. 夏季游人成群结队到博物馆和艺术馆参观. * Huge numbers of birds had flocked together by the lake. 成群的鸟聚集在湖畔.

floe
[flEu; flo] n sheet of floating ice, usu on the sea 成片的浮冰（通常浮於海上的）: * Ice-floes are a threat to shipping in the area. 浮冰对这一带的航运是一种威胁.

flog
[flCg; flag] v (-gg-) 1 [Tn] beat (sb) severely, esp with a rod or whip, as a punishment 重重责打（某人）（尤指用棍棒或鞭子）: * The boy was cruelly flogged for stealing. 那男孩偷东西挨了一顿毒打. 2 [Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) (Brit infml 口) sell sth (to sb) 卖（给某人）某物: * We should be able to flog the car (to someone) for a good price. 我们应该能把这辆汽车高价卖出. =>Usage at sell 用法见sell. 3 (idm 习语) ,flog a dead `horse waste one's efforts on an activity or a belief that is already widely rejected or has long been accepted 鞭打死马（对已摒弃或认可的活动或信念徒费精力）. ,flog sth to `death (infml 口) be so persistent or repetitive about sth that people lose interest in it 坚持或重复某事物而使人失去与趣: * I hope he won't tell that joke again; he's flogged it to death already. 但愿他别再讲那个笑话了, 已经老掉牙了. 派生： flogging n [C, U] (instance of) beating or whipping 打; 鞭笞.

flood
1[flQd; flQd] v 1 (a) [I, Tn] (cause a place that is usu dry to) be filled or overflow with water; inundate （使通常乾燥的地方）灌满水; 淹没; 泛滥: * The cellar floods whenever it rains heavily. 一下大雨地窖里就灌满了水. * The river had burst its banks and flooded the valley. 河水冲破堤岸, 淹没了山谷. (b) [Tn] (of rain) fill (a river, etc) so that it overflows （指雨水）使（河流等）泛滥: * streams flooded by violent storms 因暴风雨而泛滥的河流. 2 [Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (with sth) cover or fill (sth) completely; spread into (sth) 铺满或充满（某物）; 扩展到（某物）: * A powerful light flooded (into) the grounds. 有一道强光照进了庭院. * The place was flooded with light. 那地方十分光亮. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr]~ sth (with sth) fill (the carburettor of a motor engine) with too much petrol so that the engine will not start 使（汽车发动机的汽化器）溢流. 4 [Ipr, Ip, Tn] (fig 比喻) (of a thought or feeling) flow powerfully over (sb); surge over (sb) （指思想或感情）充溢, 涌现: * A great sense of relief flooded over him. 他深感宽慰. * Memories of his childhood came flooding back. 他童年的往事涌上心头. 5 (idm 习语) ,flood the `market (cause sth to) be offered for sale in large quantities, often at a low price （使某物）充斥（常指廉价）: * Japanese cars have flooded the American market. 日本汽车已充斥美国市场. 6 (phr v) flood in; flood into sth come to or arrive at (a place) in great quantities or numbers 大量涌入（某处）: * Applications flooded into the office. 申请书像潮水般涌进办公室. flood sb out force sb to leave home because of a flood 大水迫使某人离家: * Half the village were flooded out by a burst water main. 由於总水管破裂, 半数村民被迫离开了家. flood sb/sth with sth arrive in great quantities for sb/at sth 给某人大量的某事物; 大量的某事物涌向某处:

flood1
* The office was flooded with complaints. 办事处收到如洪水般涌至的投诉信件. 派生： floodlight /// [5flQdlait; 5flQd7lait] n (esp pl 尤作复数) large powerful light that produces a wide beam, used to light sports grounds, theatre stages, etc （运动场、 舞台 等的）泛光灯, 强力照明灯: * a match played under floodlights在泛光灯下进行的比赛. =>illus at Association football 见Association football插图. 派生： floodlight v (pt, pp floodlighted or floodlit[-lit; -lit] ) [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] light (sth) using floodlights 用泛光灯照亮（某物）: * The Acropolis is floodlit in the evenings. 夜晚泛光灯把卫城照得通亮.

floor
1[flC:(r); flCr] n 1 [C usu sing 通常作单数] surface of a room on which one stands, walks, etc （室内的）地面, 地板: * There weren't enough chairs so I had to sit on the floor. 房间里的椅子不够, 我只好坐在地上. * The bare concrete floor was cold on my feet. 水泥地没铺地毯, 我的脚感到很凉. * [attrib 作定语] 5000 square metres of floor space 5000平方米的房屋面积. 2 [C usu sing 通常作单数] bottom of the sea or ground surface of a cave, etc （海洋或洞穴等的）底: * the ocean, forest, valley, cave floor 海洋的底、 森林的地面、 谷底、 洞底. =>Usage at earth 用法见earth. 3 [C] all the rooms, etc on the same level in a building; level of storey of a building 同一层楼的所有房间等; 楼层: * Her office is on the second floor. 她的办公室在叁楼. =>Usage 见所附用法. 4 the floor [sing] (a) part of an assembly hall where members sit, eg in the Houses of Parliament, US Congress, etc 议员席（如英国议会两院、 美国国会等的）: * speak from the floor 在议员席上发言. (b) right to speak in such an assembly or meeting （在此种会议上的）发言权: * The floor is yours you may present your argument. 现在请您发言--尽请发表意见. 5 [C usu sing 通常作单数] area where a particular activity is undertaken 进行某种活动的场地: * the dance floor, ie part of the floor of a night-club, etc where guests dance （夜总会等的）舞池 * the factory/shop floor, ie part of a factory where the ordinary workers (ie not the managers) work 车间. 6 [C] minimum level for wages or prices （工资或物价的）最低水平. 7 (idm 习语) be/get in on the ground floor => ground floor (ground1). ,hold the `floor speak to an audience, esp at great length or with determination, so that no one else has a chance to say anything 演说; （尤指）长篇演讲或慷慨陈辞（使他人无从插嘴）: * She held the floor for over an hour. 她发言占了一个多小时. ,take the `floor (a) get up to speak or address an audience 起立发言或演讲:

floor1
* I now invite the President to take the floor. 现在请总统讲话. (b) get up and start to dance 起来跳舞: * She took the floor with her husband. 她站起来和丈夫跳舞. wipe the floor with sb => wipe. 派生： flooring n [U] material, eg boards or tiles, used for making floors 铺地面的材料（如木板或瓷砖）. 复合： `floor-board n any of the long (wooden) planks or boards laid down to make a floor （铺地面的）木板. `floor show series of performances, eg of singing and dancing, presented in a night-club, bar, etc 一系列的表演（如夜总会、 酒吧间等的唱歌、 跳舞）. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: In British English the floor of a building at street level is the ground floor and the floor above that is the first floor. 在英式英语中, 楼房地面与街道相平的楼层叫ground floor, ground floor上面的一层叫first floor. *In US English the street-level floor is the first floor and the one above is the second floor. 在美式英语中, 与街道相平的楼层叫first floor, 其上面的一层叫second floor.

floozie
(also floosie)[5flu:zi; 5fluzi] n (infml derog 口, 贬) woman of low morals; prostitute 荡妇; 妓女.

flop
[flCp; flap] v (-pp-) 1 [Ipr, Ip] move or fall clumsily, helplessly or loosely （笨拙地、 不由自主地或松弛地）移动或落下: * The pile of books flopped noisily onto the floor. 那摞书劈里啪啦地散落到地上. * The fish we'd caught flopped around in the bottom of the boat. 我们捕到的鱼在船底乱蹦. 2 [I, Ipr, Ip] hang or sway heavily and loosely （沉重地而不受束缚地）悬挂或摆动: * flopping stirrups 垂着的马镫 * Her hair flopped (about) over her shoulders. 她的头发披散在肩上. 3 [I, Ipr, Ip] sit or lie down heavily and clumsily, because of tiredness （因疲劳）重重地、 笨拙地坐下或躺下: * I'm ready to flop. 我要累倒了. * Exhausted, he flopped (down) into the nearest chair. 他累得一下子坐到离他最近的小沙发上. 4 [I] (infml 口) (of a book, play, etc) fail totally; be unsuccessful （指书、 戏剧等）彻底失败, 不成功. 派生： flop n 1 (usu sing 通常作单数) flopping movement or sound 笨拙的移动或凌乱的落下或这种声音. 2 (infml 口) total failure (of a book, play, etc) （书、 戏剧等的）彻底失败: Despite all the publicity, her latest novel was a complete flop. 她的最新小说尽管广为宣传, 结果还是彻底失败. flop adv with a flop 扑通一声: fall flop into the water 扑通一声掉进水里. floppy adj (-ier, -iest) tending to flop; soft and flexible; falling loosely （笨拙地、 不由自主地或松弛地）移动或落下的; 松软的; 松弛下垂的: a floppy hat 松软的帽子. n (infml 口) = floppy disk. floppy disk (also floppy, diskette) (computing 计) flexible disk for recording and storing data in a form that a computer can read 软磁盘. =>illus at computer 见computer插图. Cf 参看 hard disk (hard1).

flora
[5flC:rE; 5flCrEl] n [pl] all the plants of a particular area or period of time （某地区或时代的）一切植物, 植物区系: * the flora of the Himalayas, the Palaeozoic era 喜马拉雅山的、 古生代的植物系. Cf 参看 fauna.

floral
[5flC:rEl; 5flCrEl] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (a) made of flowers 用花做的: * floral arrangements, tributes 插花、 敬献的鲜花. (b) decorated with flowers 用花装饰的: * floral wallpaper 有花卉图案的壁纸.

florid
[5flCrid; - 'flC:r-; 5flCrid] adj 1 (usu derog 通常作贬义) elaborate and ornate; excessively decorated or colourful 华丽的; 过分装饰的; 过分艳丽的: * florid music, poetry, art, etc 矫揉造作的音乐、 诗、 艺术等 * a florid room, painting 过分装饰的房间、 过分艳丽的画. 2 (of a person's face) red in colour; ruddy （指人的面孔）红润的: * a florid complexion 红润的面色.

florin
[5flCrin; - 'flC:rin; 5flCrin] n former British coin worth two shillings or one tenth of 1 (now ten pence) 英国旧币制中的硬币, 值二先令或十分之一镑（现值10便士）.

florist
[5flCrist; - 'flC:r-; 5flCrist] n person who has a shop that sells flowers 花商: * order a wreath from the florist 从花店订购花圈 * buy a bouquet at the florist's, ie shop where flowers are sold 在花店买一束花.

floss
[flCs; - flC:s; flCs] n [U] 1 rough silk threads from the outside of a silkworm's cocoon （蚕茧外层的）粗丝. 2 (also `floss silk) spun (but not twisted) silk thread used for embroidery 刺绣用的丝线.

flotation
[flEu'teiFn; flo'teFEn] n [C, U] starting of a new company by selling shares in it to the public （公开发行股票）开办新公司.

flotilla
[flE'tilE; flo'tilE] n (a) fleet of boats or small ships 船队; 小型舰队. (b) small fleet of warships 小舰队: * a destroyer flotilla 驱逐舰的舰队.

flotsam
[5flCtsEm; 5flatsEm] n [U] 1 parts of a wrecked ship or its cargo found floating in the sea （在海上漂浮的）遇难船只的残骸或货物. Cf 参看 jetsam. 2 (idm 习语) ,flotsam and `jetsam (a) people without homes or work or those who have had to leave their houses; vagrants and tramps or refugees 流离失所的人; 无业游民; 流浪者; 难民. (b) various unimportant objects; bits and pieces; odds and ends 无价值的东西; 零碎物品.

flounce
1[flauns; flauns] v [Ipr, Ip] move about in an exaggerated, and usu impatient and angry manner 大动作地走动（通常为不耐烦而愤怒地）: * She flounced out of the room, swearing loudly. 她大声地骂着离开了房间. * children flouncing around in their party clothes 穿着参加聚会的衣服到处乱跑的孩子们. 派生： flounce n (usu sing 通常作单数) sudden impatient movement of the body; jerk （身体突然发出的）不耐烦的动作, 猛然的动作: with a flounce of the head 脑袋猛 地一动.

flounder
1[5flaundE(r); 5flaundl] v [I, Ipr, Ip] 1 move or struggle helplessly or clumsily; move with difficulty, as through mud or deep snow 笨拙地移动或挣扎; 艰难地移动（如在泥中或深雪中）: * Anna couldn't swim and was left floundering (about/around) in the deep end of the swimming-pool. 安娜不会游泳, 在游泳池的深水区里挣扎着. 2 hesitate or make mistakes when talking or when coming to a decision （说话或做决定时）犹豫或出错误: * I wasn't expecting the interviewer to ask about my private life and was left floundering for a while. 我没想到主持面试的人问我私生活的事, 就犹豫了一下. * flounder (on) through a badly prepared speech 由於准备不充分而讲得错误百出.

flour
[5flauE(r); flaur] n [U] fine powder obtained by grinding grain, esp wheat or rye, and used for making bread, cakes, etc 谷物磨成的粉; （尤指）（小麦的）面粉, 黑麦粉. 派生： flour v [Tn] cover or sprinkle (sth) with flour 在（某物）上覆上或撒上面粉: flour the pastry board 在做点心的案板上撒上面粉. floury[5flauEri; 5flauri] adj of or like flour; covered with flour （似）面粉的; 覆有面粉的: * floury potatoes, ie ones that are soft and fluffy 很面的土豆（柔软不脆的） * She wiped her floury hands with a damp cloth. 她用湿布擦去手上的面粉.

flourish
[5flQriF; 5flQriF] v 1 [I] be successful, very active, or widespread; prosper 昌盛; 旺盛; 兴旺; 繁荣: * No new business can flourish in the present economic climate. 在目前的经济气候中, 任何新生意都兴旺不起来. * a flourishing squash club 兴旺的壁球俱乐部. 2 [I] grow healthily; be well and active 健康成长; 茂盛; 健壮而活跃: * This species of flower flourishes in a warm climate. 这种花在温暖的气候中长得茂盛. * All the family are flourishing. 全家人身体都很好. 3 [I, Ipr] (of ideas or people) be very active and influential (during the specified period) （指思想或人）（在某时期）活跃而有影响力: * In Germany the baroque style of art flourished in the 17th and 18th centuries. 在德国, 巴罗克艺术风格在17和18世纪非常盛行. 4 [Tn] wave sth about in order to attract attention to it 挥舞某物（以引起注意）: * He stormed into the office, flourishing a letter of complaint. 他挥舞着一封投诉信冲进了办公室. 派生： flourish n (usu sing 通常作单数) 1 bold sweeping movement or gesture, used esp to attract attention 明显的大动作或手势（尤用以引起注意的）: He opened the door for her with a flourish. 他潇 地为她打开了门. 2 flowing curve, esp in handwriting or decoration 流畅的曲线（尤指书法或装饰方面的）. 3 loud and elaborate piece of music; fanfare 响亮而细腻的乐曲; 小号曲: A flourish of trumpets marked the Queen's arrival. 小号奏出嘹亮的乐曲欢迎女王驾到.

flout
[flaut; flaut] v [Tn] disobey (sb/sth) openly and scornfully 公然藐视（某人[某事物]）: * flout the law, (a) convention, the rules 藐视法律、 传统、 规则等 * flout sb's advice 轻视某人的劝告.

flow
[flEu; flo] v (pt, pp -ed) 1 [I, Ipr, Ip] (a) (of a liquid) move freely and continuously （指液体）流动: * Her tears flowed freely (down her cheeks). 她眼泪止不住地（顺着面颊）往下流. * Most rivers flow into the sea. 江河大多流入海洋. * Blood suddenly started flowing out. 突然流出血来. (b) move freely and continuously, esp within a closed system; circulate 畅通无阻（尤指在封闭系统内）; 流通; 流传: * Keep the traffic flowing. 保持交通畅通无阻. * Electricity is flowing (in the circuit/wires). 电在（电路[导线]中）流动. * Blood flows round the body. 血液在体内循环. * In convection, hot currents flow upwards. 在对流中热气流向上运动. 2 [I] (of speech or writing) proceed evenly and continuously （指讲话或写作）流畅: * Conversation flowed freely when the speaker invited discussion. 演讲人请大家讨论, 於是人人畅所欲言. 3 [I, Ipr, Ip] fall or hang (down) loosely and freely 松散而无束缚地落下或垂下: * long flowing robes 飘 的长袍 * Her hair flowed (down) over her shoulders. 她长发垂肩. 4 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) be available plentifully; be distributed freely 有的是; 大量供应; 取之不尽: * The party became lively when the drink began to flow. 饮料开始大量供应, 聚会的气氛就活跃起来了. * a land flowing with milk and honey, ie place with rich natural resources 自然资源丰富的地方. 5 [I] (of the sea tide) come in; rise （指海潮）涨, 涨潮: * The tide began to flow and our footprints were covered. 开始涨潮了, 潮水遮住了我们的脚印. Cf 参看 ebb 1. 6 (phr v) flow in/into sth arrive in a steady stream 不断涌入: * The election results flowed in throughout the night. 通夜不断传来各项选举结果. * Offers of help flowed into the office. 人们接连不断地向办事处表示愿意提供帮助. flow from sth come or derive from sth; result from sth 源於某事物;为某事物的结果:

flow1
* Many benefits will flow from this discovery. 这项发现将带来许多好处. flow out (of sth) leave in a steady stream 外流: * Profits are flowing out of the country. 利润源源不断地流向国外. flow over sb take place without affecting sb （某事）发生而不影响某人: * Office politics just seem to flow over him. 同事之间互相倾轧、 勾心斗角的事似乎并未波及到他. 派生： flow n (usu sing 通常作单数) 1 ~ (of sth/sb) (rate of a) flowing movement of sth/sb （某事物[某人]的）流动（量）; 流量: a steady flow of traffic 川流不息的来往车辆 * The government is trying to stop the increasing flow of refugees entering the country. 政府正在设法阻止越来越多的难民流入本国. 2 ~ (of sth) (rate of a) continuous stream or supply of sth 某事物的持续或连续供应（量）: cut off the flow of oil 切断石油输送 * the constant flow of information 源源不断的信息. 3 even and continuous outpouring of words 口若悬河; 滔滔不绝: I interrupted him while he was in full flow, ie talking away strongly. 他正在高谈阔论, 我打断了他的话. 4 incoming tide 涨潮: the ebb and flow of the sea 海潮的涨落. 5 (idm 习语) the ebb and flow (of sth) => ebb n. 复合： `flow chart (also `flow diagram) diagram showing the development of sth through the different stages or processes in a series 流程图.

flower
[5flauE(r); 5flaul] n 1 part of a plant from which the seed or fruit develops, often brightly coloured and lasting only a short time 花; 花朵: * The plant has a brilliant purple flower. 那棵植物开着一朵鲜艳的紫花. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page ii. 2 plant grown for the beauty of its flowers; flower and its stem （供观赏的）开花植物; （带梗的）花: * arrange some flowers in a vase 往花瓶里插花. 3 [sing] the ~ of sth (rhet 修辞) finest or best part of sth; prime or peak of sth 精华; 精粹; 精英; 鼎盛阶段: * the flower of the nation's youth 该国青年的精英 * in the flower of one's maturity/strength/youth 正当成熟[身强力壮/年轻]的时候. 4 (idm 习语) in/into `flower in/into the state of having the flowers open 处於[进入]开花期: * The roses have been in flower for a week. 这些玫瑰花已经开了一星期了. * The crocuses are late coming into flower. 藏红花开花晚. 派生： flower v 1 [I] produce flowers; bloom 开花: These plants will flower in the spring. 这些植物到了春天就开花. * a late-flowering chrysanthemum 迟开的菊花. 2 [I] develop fully; mature or blossom 充分发展; 成熟; 繁荣: Their friendship flowered while they were at college. 他们的友谊在求学时已根深蒂固. flowered[5flauEd; 5flauld] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] decorated with patterns of flowers 用花卉图案装饰的: * flowered wallpaper, cloth, curtains, etc 有花卉图案的壁纸、 布、 等. flowering[5flauEriN; 5flauEriN] n (usu sing 通常作单数) ~ (of sth) full development of (an idea, literary or political movement, etc) （思想、 文学或政治运动等的）成熟发展: * the gradual flowering of modern democracy 现代民主的日臻成熟. flowery[5flauEri; 5flauEri] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 covered with or having a lot of flowers 有很多花的: * flowery fields 有很多花的田野. 2 (of language, gestures or decoration) too elaborate or ornate （指语言、 手势或装饰）矫揉造作的, 过分修饰的, 过於华丽的:

flower1
* a flowery speech 辞藻过分华丽的讲话. flowerless adj not having or not producing flowers 无花的; 不开花的: flowerless plants 不开花的植物. 复合： `flower-bed n piece of ground in a garden or park, specially prepared for growing flowers （花园或公园里的）花畦, 花坛. `flower children (also `flower people) (esp in the 1960s) (usu young) people supporting universal love and peace, and carrying flowers as a symbol of their beliefs （尤指20世纪60年代的）（通常为年轻的）戴花嬉皮士（主张博爱与和平, 以花象徵其信仰的人）. `flower-girl n girl or woman who sells flowers in a market, etc 卖花女. `flowerpot n container of plastic or earthenware, in which a plant is grown 花盆. =>illus at pot 见pot插图. `flower power beliefs or cult of the flower children 戴花嬉皮士的信仰或崇拜. `flower-show n exhibition at which flowers are displayed 花展.

flown
pp of fly2.

Flt Lt
abbr 缩写 = Flight Lieutenant: Flt Lt (Robert) Bell （罗伯特．）贝尔空军上尉.

flu
[flu:; flu] n (infml 口) = influenza.

fluctuate
[5flQktFueit; 5flQktFu7et] v [I, Ipr] ~ (between A and B) 1 (of a price, number, rate, etc) rise and fall; change irregularly （指价格、 数量、 比率、 费用等）涨落, 波动: * The price fluctuates between 5 and 6. 价格在5英镑与6英镑之间波动. 2 (of an attitude or a state) change continually and irregularly; waver （指态度或状态）变化不定, 动摇: * fluctuating opinions 变化不定的意见. > fluctuation[7flQktFu'eiFn; 7flQktFu'eFEn] n [C, U] ~ (of/in sth): * wide fluctuations of temperature 温度的巨大变化 * fluctuations in the state of his health 他健康状况时好时坏的变化.

flue
[flu:; flu] n channel, pipe, etc through which smoke, fumes or hot air pass from a boiler or oven, usu to a chimney 烟道; 管道.

fluent
[5flu:Ent; 5fluEnt] adj 1 (of a person) able to speak or write a language or perform an action smoothly, accurately and with ease （指人）语言流利的, 文字流畅的, 动作准确、 轻松的: * a fluent speaker (of Spanish) （西班牙语）说得流利的人 * be fluent in speech 讲话流利. 2 (of speech, a language or an action) expressed in a smooth and accurate way （指言语、 语言）流利而通顺的; （指动作）灵活而准确的: * speak/write fluent Russian 说[写]流利的俄语 * fluent movements, ie ones that are flowing and graceful 协调优美的动作. 派生： fluency[5flu:Ensi; 5fluEnsi] n [U] quality or condition of being fluent 流利; 通顺; 灵活而准确: * She speaks Swahili with great fluency. 她说的斯瓦希里语非常流利. fluently adv.

fluff
[flQf; flQf] n 1 [U] (a) soft feathery pieces of material shed by blankets, etc （毛毯等落下的）绒毛: * My best sweater is covered with fluff. 我那件最好的毛衣上满是绒毛. (b) soft fur or down of animals or birds （禽兽的）绒毛. 2 [C] (infml 口) unsuccessful attempt at sth; mistake or blunder 未成功的尝试; 错误; 失误. 3 (idm 习语) a bit of fluff => bit1. 派生： fluff v 1 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (out/up) shake sth into a soft full mass; puff or spread sth out lightly 抖开某物; 抖松某物: fluff up the pillows 抖松枕头 * The bird fluffed (out) its feathers. 那鸟抖抖身子蓬开羽毛. 2 [Tn] (infml 口) be unsuccessful at doing (sth); perform (sth) badly; bungle 未做成（某事物）; 将（某事）搞坏; 出错: fluff a stroke, eg in golf 击球失误（如高尔夫球） * fluff one's lines in a play 说错剧中台词 * He really fluffed his exams. 他的确考糟了. fluffy adj (-ier, -iest) 1 like fluff; covered with fluff 似绒毛的; 有绒毛的: Most animals are soft and fluffy when first born. 大多数动物刚出生时都很软, 身上有绒毛. 2 soft, light and airy 蓬松的; 松软的: light and fluffy mashed potatoes 松软的土豆泥. fluffiness n [U].

fluid
[5flu:id; 5fluid] adj 1 able to flow freely, as gases and liquids do; not solid or rigid 流动的; 流体的; 不坚硬的: * a fluid substance 流体. 2 not fixed; able to be changed 不固定的; 可改变的: * fluid arrangements, ideas, opinions 可改变的安排、 思想、 意见 * The situation is still fluid. 局势尚不稳定. 3 smooth and graceful in movement 动作灵活而优美的. 派生： fluid n [C, U] 1 any liquid substance 液体: Drink plenty of fluids 多喝流质. * There's some sort of sticky fluid on the kitchen floor. 厨房的地上有一种发黏的液体. 2 (chemistry 化) fluid substance 流体; 液. fluidity/flu:'idEti; flu'idEti] n [U] quality or state of being fluid 流动性; 流动状态. 复合： fluid ounce (abbr 缩写 fl oz) liquid measure equal to one twentieth of an Imperial pint or one sixteenth of an American pint 液量盎司（英制等於十二分之一品脱, 美制等於十六分之一品脱）. =>App 4, 5 见附录4、 5.

fluke
1[flu:k; fluk] n (usu sing 通常作单数) (infml 口) thing that is accidentally successful; lucky stroke in a game 侥幸的成功; （在比赛中）侥幸击中: * Passing the exam was a real fluke he didn't work for it at all. 他考试及格实在是侥幸, 因为他根本没下过功夫. * That shot was a sheer fluke. 那完全是靠侥幸击中的. > fluky (also flukey) adj.

flummox
[5flQmEks; 5flQmEks] v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (infml 口) bewilder, confuse or disconcert (sb) 使（某人）迷惑、 糊涂或仓皇失措: * The politician was completely flummoxed by the questions put to her. 那位女政治家被问得十分狼狈.

flung
pt, pp of fling.

flunk
[flQNk; flQNk] v (infml 口 esp US) 1 [I, Tn] fail (an examination, academic course, etc) 使（考试、 某学科的成绩等）不及格: * flunk biology 生物学不及格. 2 [Tn] give a failing mark to (sb) 评定（某人）不及格: * be flunked in chemistry 化学不及格. 3 (phr v) flunk out be dismissed from a school or college for failure 因成绩不及格而被学校除名.

flunkey
(also flunky)[5flQNki; 5flQNki] n (pl ~s or -kies) (infml derog 口, 贬) 1 servant in uniform （着制服的）男仆. 2 (esp US) person who does small unimportant tasks 打杂的人.

fluorescence
[flC:'resns; - fluE'r-; 7fluE'resns] n [U] property that a substance has of emitting light while being exposed to light or some other radiation of a shorter wavelength 荧光. Cf 参看 phosphorescence. 派生： fluoresce v [I] send out light in this manner 放射荧光. fluorescent[-snt; -snt] adj 1 of, having or showing fluorescence 荧光的; 有荧光的; 显出荧光的: * fluorescent lighting 荧光灯. 2 having a very bright glowing appearance because of fluorescence （因有荧光）发亮的: * wearing orange fluorescent clothing 穿着橙色荧光服装. 复合： fluorescent `lamp electric light, usu in the form of a long strip, that gives off a fluorescent light 荧光灯; 日光灯.

fluoride
[5flC:raid; - 'fluEr-; 5fluE7raid] n chemical compound of fluorine 氟化物. 派生： fluoridate[5flC:rideit; - 'fluEr-; 5fluErE7det] v [Tn] add traces of fluoride to (the water supply), esp to prevent tooth decay 在（食水）中加氟（尤指为预防生龋齿）. fluoridation[7flC:ri5deiFn; - 7fluEr-; 7fluErE'deFEn] n [U]. fluoridize, -ise[5flC:ridaiz; - 'fluEr-; 5fluErE7daiz] v [Tn] = fluoridate. fluoridization, -isation/ 9flR:rIdEI5zeIFn; US 9flUErIdI5z-; 9flJErEdI`zeFEn/ n [U] = fluoridation.

fluorine
[5flC:ri:n; - 'fluEr-; 5fluE7rin] n [U] (chemistry 化) element, a pale yellow gas that is both poisonous and corrosive 氟. =>App 10 见附录10.

flurry
[5flQri; 5flQri] n 1 short sudden rush of wind or fall of rain, snow, etc 一阵风、 雨、 雪等: * light snow flurries/flurries of snow 阵阵小雪. 2 ~ (of sth) sudden burst of intense activity; commotion （激烈活动的）爆发, 骚动: * a flurry of activity/excitement 一阵活动[激动] * I'm always in a flurry (ie confused and disorganized) as deadlines get nearer. 一接近最後期限我就忙乱不堪. 派生： flurry v (pt, pp flurried) [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] confuse and disturb; fluster 使迷乱; 使慌张: Keep calm! Don't get flurried. 镇静! 不要慌.

flush
1[flQF; flQF] n 1 [C usu sing 通常作单数] (a) flow of blood to the face that causes a red colouring; blush 脸 红. (b) sudden rush of emotions, excitement, etc 感情、 激情等的突发; 激动; 兴奋: * a flush of enthusiasm, anger, joy, etc 一阵热情、 怒火、 喜悦等. 2 [sing] rush of water, esp for cleaning a toilet 冲水（尤指冲马桶）: * Give the toilet a flush. 冲一冲马桶. 3 [C] new fresh growth, esp of plants 新的成长; （尤指）萌发. 4 (idm 习语) (in) the first/full flush of `youth, etc (in) the freshness orvigour of youth, etc; at its beginning/most fully developed stage 青春的初期[年轻力壮]; （在）初发[旺盛]阶段: * the first flush of manhood 男子成年初期的精力 * In the full flush of success, nothing was an obstacle. 在成就如日中天时, 其势锐不可当.

fluster
[5flQstE(r); 5flQstl] v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] make (sb) nervous and confused 使（某人）慌张: * Don't get flustered! 不要慌张! 派生： fluster n [sing] nervous agitated state 紧张; 焦虑: all in a fluster 心慌意乱.

flute
1[flu:t; flut] n wind instrument in the form of a pipe, with holes stopped by fingers or keys and a mouth-hole at the side 长笛: * [attrib 作定语] a flute solo 长笛独奏. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page x. > flutist[5flu:tist; 5flutist] n (US) = flautist.

flutter
[5flQtE(r); 5flQtl] v 1 (a) [I, Ipr] (of the wings of birds, butterflies, etc) move lightly and quickly （指鸟、 蝴蝶等的翅膀）轻而快地抖动, 拍翅: * The wings of the bird still fluttered after it had been shot down. 那鸟击落後翅膀仍在抖动. (b) [Tn] move (the wings) in this way 鼓（翼）; 拍（翅膀）: * The bird fluttered its wings in the cage. 鸟在笼中拍着翅膀. 2 (a) [I, Ipr] move about in a quick irregular way 迅速而无规则地乱动; 飘动: * a flag fluttering from the mast-head 在旗杆顶上飘扬着的旗帜 * curtains fluttering in the breeze 在微风中飘动的窗 . (b) [Tn] move (sth) in this way 使（某物）迅速而无规则地动: * She fluttered her eyelashes (at me). 她（朝我）眨眼睛. 3 [I] (of the heart) beat weakly and irregularly, esp because of nervous excitement （指心脏）微弱而无规律地跳动（尤指因紧张激动所致）. 4 (idm 习语) ,flutter the `dovecotes astonish, upset or alarm people who are used to a calm or conventional life 惊扰过惯平静或平凡生活的人们. 5 (phr v) flutter about, around, across, etc (a) fly in the specified direction with quick light movements of the wings 拍动翅膀飞（向某方向）: * The wounded bird fluttered to the ground. 那受伤的鸟拍着翅膀落到地上. * A moth was fluttering round the lamp. 有一只蛾子扑打着翅膀绕着灯飞. (b) move in the specified direction in a quick irregular way 迅速而无规则地（向某方向）运动: * autumn leaves fluttering to the ground 飘摇落地的秋叶 * She fluttered nervously about, going from room to room. 她紧张不安地从这房间到那房间四处走动. 派生： flutter n 1 (usu sing 通常作单数) quick irregular movement 迅速而无规则的运动: the flutter of wings 翅膀的拍动 * with a flutter of her long dark eyelashes 她那长着又长又黑睫毛的眼睛一眨. 2 [sing] state of nervous or confused excitement 紧张; 慌乱: in a flutter 心绪不宁

flutter1
* all of a flutter 突然一阵慌乱 * The arrival of the first customer caused a flutter (of activity) in the shop. 第一位顾客登门, 引起店中一阵慌乱. 3 [U] (a) dangerous vibration in part of an aircraft, esp the wings （飞行器的一部分, 尤指机翼的）危险的颤振. (b) rapid variation in the pitch or loudness of recorded sound 录音中的音高或音量的迅速变化. Cf 参看 wow2. 4 [C] (Brit infml 口) ~ (on sth) small bet or gamble 小赌; 小赌注: have a flutter (on a horse) at the races 在赛马中（在一匹马上）下小赌注.

fluvial
[5flu:viEl; 5fluviEl] adj of or found in rivers 河流的; 河中的: * fluvial deposits of mud 河中的淤泥.

flux
[flQks; flQks] n 1 [U] continuous change or succession of changes; unsettled state 连续的改变; 接连不断的变化; 不稳定的状态: * Organization of the company was then in a state of flux. 当时公司的编制正处於不稳定状态. 2 [sing] ~ (of sth) (rate of) flow or flowing (out); discharge 流（量）; 流动（量）; 流出（量）: * a flux of neutrons 中子通量 * magnetic flux 磁通量. 3 [C, U] substance used to help metals fuse together 焊剂; 助熔剂.

fly
1[flai; flai] n 1 type of insect with two wings, esp the house-fly 苍蝇; （尤指）家蝇. 2 (usu in compounds 通常用以构成复合词) any of several types of flying insect （会飞的）昆虫: * `dragonfly * `butterfly * `tsetse-fly. 3 natural or artificial fly used as bait in fishing （用作钓饵的真的或假的）苍蝇. 4 (idm 习语) die/fall/drop like `flies die or collapse in very large numbers 大批地死亡或倒下: * Men were dropping like flies in the intense heat. 人们抵受不住酷热而纷纷倒下. a/the `fly in the ointment person or thing that spoils an otherwise satisfactory situation or occasion 扫兴的人或事物. a `fly on the wall hidden or unnoticed observer 隐蔽的或不引人注意的观察者: * I wish I could be a fly on the wall when they discuss my future. 在他们讨论我的前途时, 我恨不得能偷偷旁观. (there are) no flies on sb (infml 口) sb is clever and not easily tricked 某人很机灵, 不易上当. not harm/hurt a `fly be kind and gentle and unwilling to cause unhappiness 心地善良、 文质彬彬、 不愿引起不愉快: * Our dog may look fierce but he wouldn't hurt a fly. 我们的狗别看样子凶, 其实很温顺. 复合： `fly-blown adj 1 (of meat, etc) bad or unfit to eat, because contaminated by flies' eggs （指肉等）（因有蝇卵）腐败的, 不宜食用的. 2 (fig 比喻) in a bad condition; dirty or spoiled 破烂的; 肮脏的; 损坏的. `flycatcher n type of bird that catches insects in the air 翔食雀. `fly-fish v [I] fish using artificial flies as bait 以假蝇作饵钓鱼. `fly-fishing n [U]. `fly-paper n [U, C] strip of sticky paper for catching flies 粘蝇纸. `fly-spray n poisonous liquid sprayed from a container to kill flies 灭蝇喷雾剂. `flyweight n 1 boxer of the lightest class, weighing between 48 and 51 kg 特轻量级拳击手（体重在48至51公斤者）. 2 wrestler weighing between 48 and 51 kg 最 轻量级摔交选手（体重在48至51公斤者）.

flyer
= flier.

flying
[5flaiiN; 5flaiiN] adj moving by flight; able to fly 飞行的; 会飞的: * flying insects 会飞的昆虫. 派生： flying n [U] going in an aircraft for travel or sport 乘坐飞行器（旅行或运动）: I'm terrified of flying I'd rather go by sea. 我害怕坐飞机--我宁愿坐船. 复合： ,flying `buttress (architecture 建) arched structure that supports the outside wall of a large building, esp a church 拱扶垛. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page viii. ,flying `colours 1 flags on display as a sign of victory or during a ceremony （象徵胜利的或用於庆典的）旗帜. 2 (idm 习语) with flying colours with great and obvious success 大获全胜地: She came through/passed her exams with flying colours. 她考试成绩优异. ,flying `column troops able to move rapidly and act independently 快速突击部队; 别动队. ,flying `doctor (esp in Australia) doctor who travels in an aircraft to visit patients who live in distant or isolated places （尤指澳大利亚的）飞行医生（乘飞机到偏远地区出诊的）. `flying fish type of tropical fish that can rise and move forward above the surface of the water using its wing-like fins 飞鱼. ,flying `fox type of large fruit-eating bat 狐蝠; 果蝠. ,flying `jump (also ,flying `leap) forward jump/leap made while running quickly 助跑起跳. `flying officer officer in the Royal Air Force between the ranks of pilot officer and flight lieutenant （英国皇家）空军中尉. =>App 9 见附录9. ,flying `picket worker or group of workers on strike who are ready to travel quickly to different factories, etc to persuade other workers to join the strike 串联纠察员（可迅速到各工厂等动员一道罢工的工人）. ,flying `saucer (also unidentified flying object) spacecraft, shaped like a saucer or disc, that some people claim to have seen and that is believed to have come from another planet 飞碟; 不明飞行物.

flying1
`flying squad group of police officers who are always ready to move quickly, eg when a crime has occurred 机动警察队. ,flying `start 1 start to a race in which the competitors are already running as they cross the starting line 行进间起跑（跑着通过起跑线）. 2 (idm 习语) get off to a flying start begin sth well; have an initial advantage 开端很好; 一开始就占优势: Our holiday got off to a flying start because the weather was good and the trains were on time. 我们度假一开始就大吉大利, 天气很好, 火车也都准点. ,flying `tackle (in Rugby football, etc) tackle made while running or jumping （在橄榄球等运动中）凌空抢球. ,flying `visit very brief or hasty visit 短暂或匆忙的访问.

flyleaf
[5flaili:f; 5flai7lif] n (pl -leaves[-li:vz; -7livz] ) blank page at the beginning or end of a book （书刊前或後的）空白页.

flyover
[5flaiEuvE(r); 5flai7ovl] n 1 (Brit) (US overpass) bridge which carries one road or railway above another 立交桥. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xiii. 2 (US) = fly-past (fly2).

flysheet
[5flaiFi:t; 5flai7Fit] n 1 additional outer cover for a tent to give protection from rain （盖在帐篷外面的）防雨布. 2 small pamphlet of two or four pages （两页或四页的）小册子.

flywheel
[5flaiwi:l; - -hwi:l; 5flai7hwil] n heavy wheel revolving on a shaft to keep a machine operating at an even speed 飞轮; 惯性轮.

FM
abbr 缩写 = 1 Field Marshal. 2[7ef 'em; 7ef 'em] (radio 无) frequency modulation. Cf 参看 AM 1.

FO
[7ef 'Eu; 7ef 'o] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) (formerly 旧时) Foreign Office 外交部: * He used to work at the FO. 他过去在外交部工作. Cf 参看 FCO.

foal
[fEul; fol] n 1 young of a horse or of a related animal, eg a donkey 驹子（如驴驹）. 2 (idm 习语) in/with foal (of a female horse, etc) pregnant （指母马等）怀驹. 派生： foal v [I] give birth to a foal 产驹.

foam
[fEum; fom] n [U] 1 (a) mass of small, usu white, air bubbles formed in or on a liquid 泡沫: * The breaking waves left the beach covered with foam. 浪花弄得海滩都是泡沫. (b) frothy bubbles of saliva or perspiration 唾沫; 汗珠. 2 any of various chemical substances forming a thick bubbly mass and used for different purposes （化学物质的）厚层泡沫: * `shaving foam 剃须泡沫膏. 3 rubber or plastic in a spongy form, used to fill seats, cushions, etc 泡沫橡胶; 泡沫塑料: * [attrib 作定语],foam `rubber 泡沫橡胶. 派生： foam v [I, Ipr] form or send out foam; froth 起泡沫; 发出泡沫: a glass of foaming beer 一杯起泡沫的啤酒 * The sick dog foamed at the mouth. 那只病狗口吐白沫. * (fig 比喻) After having to wait an hour the customer was foaming (at the mouth) with rage, ie obviously very angry. 那顾客等了一小时後气得七窍生烟. foamy adj full of or like foam 多泡沫的; 似泡沫的.

fob
1[fCb; fab] n 1 chain or ribbon to which a pocket-watch is attached （怀表的）链或带. 2 ornament, esp a watch, hung from such a chain 怀表链上的饰物（尤指表）. 3 ornament attached to a key-ring 钥匙环上的饰物.

focal
[5fEukl; 5fokl] adj [attrib 作定语] of or at a focus 焦点的; 在焦点上的. 复合： focal `length (also focal `distance) distance between the centre of a mirror or a lens and its focus 焦距. `focal point something that is the centre of interest oractivity 感兴趣的或活动的中心: Reducing unemploymentis the focal point of the government's plans. 减少失业人数是政府计画的重点. fo'c's'le

focus1
2 (a) [I, Ipr] ~ (on sth) concentrate (on sth) 集中（於某事物）: I'm so tired I can't focus (on anything) today. 今天我太累了, 精神集中不起来. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (on sth) concentrate (one's attention, etc) on (sth) 将（注意力等）集中於（某事物）: Please focus your minds on the following problem. 请集中考虑以下问题.

fodder
[5fCdE(r); 5fadl] n [U] dried food, hay, etc forhorses and farm animals （马及其他牲畜的）饲料, 草料, 秣.

foe
[fEu; fo] n (fml or dated 文或旧) enemy 敌人.

foetus
(US fetus)[5fi:tEs; 5fitEs] n young human, animal, bird, etc that has developed within the womb or egg but has not yet been born or hatched 胎儿; 胚胎. Cf 参看 embryo 1. 派生： foetal (US fetal)[5fi:tl; 5fitl] adj of or like a foetus （似）胚胎的: * She curled up her legs and arms into a foetal position, ie like that of a foetus in the womb. 她像胎儿一样蜷曲起四肢.

fog
[fCg; - fC:g; fCg] n 1 (a) [U] thick cloud of tiny drops of water close to or just above land or sea; thick mist 雾: * Dense fog is covering roads in the north and visibility is very poor. 浓雾笼罩了北部的公路, 能见度很低. * Patches of fog will clear by mid-morning. 早晨一过局部地区的雾气就能消散. (b) [C] instance or period of this 雾; 有雾时: * We get heavy fogs on this coast in winter. 这里的海边冬季有浓雾. =>Usage 见所附用法. 2 [C, U] (area of) cloudiness on a photographic negative, etc, making the image unclear （摄影底片等上的）灰雾. 3 (idm 习语) in a fog puzzled and confused 困惑; 迷惑: * I'm in a complete fog about computer technology I don't understand it at all. 我对计算机技术如堕五里雾中--完全不懂. 派生： fog v (-gg-) 1 [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] cover (sth) or become covered with fog 雾气笼罩（某物）; 有雾气: The windscreen has fogged (over/up). 挡风玻璃让雾气遮住了. * Steam has fogged the bathroom mirror. 水蒸气把浴室里的镜子遮住了. 2 (a) [Tn] cause cloudiness on (a photographic negative, etc) 使（摄影底片等上）产生灰雾: Shut the door or the light will fog the film. 把门关上, 不然亮光能使底片发灰. (b) [I] (of a photographic negative, etc) become cloudy （指摄影底片等）变灰.3 [Tn] puzzle or confuse (sb) 使（某人）迷惑或困惑:I'm a bit fogged by these instructions. 这些说明把我搞得有些糊涂了. 4 [Tn] obscure or confuse (sth being discussed) 使（正在讨论的事物）变模糊或混淆不清: complicated language that just fogs the real issues 把实质问题弄得模糊不清的复杂的语言. foggy adj (-ier, -iest) 1 not clear because of fog; very misty 有雾的; 雾气蒙蒙的: foggy weather 有雾的天气 * a foggy day 雾天. 2 obscure; confused; vague 模糊的; 混乱的; 朦胧的: His ideas on this subject are a bit foggy. 他对这个问题的看法有些模糊. 3 (idm 习语) not have the faintest/foggiest => tfaint1.

fog1
复合： `fog-bank n mass of dense fog on the sea 平流雾（海面上的浓雾）; 雾堤. `fog-bound adj unable to travel or operate normally because of fog; trapped by fog 因雾而不能正常行进或运行的; 被雾困住的: fog-bound planes, passengers 因雾停飞的飞机、 因雾滞留的旅客 * a fog-bound airport, harbour 因雾而关闭的机场、 港口. `fog-horn n instrument that makes a loud blaring noise to warn ships of danger when it is foggy 雾角; 雾号; 雾笛: (joc or derog 谑或贬) He's got a voice like a fog-horn, ie a loud, harsh voice. 他的嗓音像雾角（大而刺耳）. `fog-lamp n powerful light on the front of a car, etc for use in fog 雾灯（汽车等在雾天使用的前部强光灯）. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Fog, mist and haze are all clouds of water vapour at ground level and above. *fog、 mist、 haze均为地面及地面以上的水蒸气. They indicate different degrees of thickness 这几个词表示的浓度有所不同: fog is the thickest and haze the least thick. *fog最浓, haze最薄. Haze also occurs when it is very hot *haze在天气炎热时也会出现: a heat-haze 热天的薄雾. Smog is an unhealthy mixture of smoke and fog in the air of some industrial cities. *smog是在一些工业城市的空气中烟与雾的混合物, 是有害於健康的.

fogy
(also fogey)[5fEugi; 5fogi] n (pl -ies or ~s) person with old-fashioned ideas which he is unwilling to change 老顽固: * Come to the disco and stop being such an old fogey! 来参加迪斯科舞会吧! 别再当老顽固了!

foible
[5fCibl; 5fCibl] n small, usu harmless, peculiarity or weakness in a person's character （性格上的）小缺点, 怪癖（通常为无伤大雅的）: * We all have our little foibles. 我们人人都有些小缺点.

foil
1[fCil; fCil] n 1 [U] metal rolled or hammered into a very thin flexible sheet 箔: * tin, aluminium foil, ie such as is wrapped round bars of chocolate 锡纸、 铝箔（如包装巧克力的）. 2 [C] person or thing that contrasts with, and so emphasizes, the qualities of another 陪衬; 衬托: * Her sparkling jewellery served as the perfect foil for her fine complexion. 她戴着闪闪生辉的首饰, 更显得容貌姣好.

foist
[fCist; fCist] v (phr v) foist sth on sb force sb into accepting sth not wanted 迫使某人接受不想要的事物: * He's religious but he doesn't try to foist his beliefs on everyone. 他是教徒, 但他不想把自己的信仰强加於人.

fold
1[fEuld; fold] v 1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) bend or turn sth so that one part of it lies on another; close or flatten sth by pressing two parts of it together 摺叠; 摺叠收拢: * fold clothes (up) neatly 把衣服叠整齐 * a folded newspaper 摺叠起来的报纸 * The bird folded its wings. 那鸟收起了翅膀. * Fold the letter (in two) before putting it in the envelope. 把信（对）摺起来再装入信封. (b) [I, Ip] ~ (up) be able to be bent for storage, easy carrying, etc 能够摺叠（以便储存、 携带等）: * This garden table folds (up) flat. 这张庭园茶点桌可以摺叠成平的. * a folding chair, bed, bicycle, etc 能摺叠的椅子、 床、 自行车等. =>illus 见插图. 2 [Tn.pr] ~ A in B/~ B around A cover or wrap sth in sth 将某物用另物遮住或包住: * Fold this glass bowl in newspaper/Fold newspaper round this glass bowl. 把这个玻璃盆用报纸包好. 3 [I, Ip] ~ (up) (infml 口) (a) cease to function; stop trading 停止运行; 停业: * The company folded (up) last week. 那家公司上星期倒闭了. (b) cease to be performed 停止上演: * The play folded within a fortnight. 那话剧演了两个星期就停演了. 4 (idm 习语) fold one's `arms bring one's arms together and cross them over one's chest 双臂在胸前合抱. fold sb/sth in one's arms hold sb/sth closely 抱住某人[某物]: * Father folded the tiny child in his arms. 父亲把小孩儿抱在怀里. fold one's `hands bring or clasp one's hands together, eg when praying 十指交叉合掌（如祈祷时）. 5 (phr v) fold (sth) away (cause sth to) become more compact for storage by folding （使某物）摺叠收拢（以便存放）: * The bed folds away (into the wall). 那张床可以摺叠收拢（到墙里面去）. fold sth in; fold sth into sth (in cooking) mix one ingredient gently with another, usu with a spoon （烹饪）轻轻搅拌（通常用勺）: * Fold in the beaten whites of two eggs. 加进两个打散的蛋清後搅匀. fold up collapse because of pain or great laughter （因痛苦或大笑）倒下:

fold1
* The boxer folded up in agony. 那拳击手痛苦地倒下了. * The comedian had the audience folding up. 那个喜剧演员逗得观众笑得前仰後合. 派生： fold n 1 part of sth, esp fabric, that is folded or hangs as if folded 摺叠的部分; （尤指）褶: a dress hanging in loose folds 有宽松褶的连衣裙. 2 mark or line made by folding; crease 摺痕; 摺线. 3 hollow among hills or mountains 山坳; 山谷; 山窝. 4 (geology 地质) bend in the line of rocks below the earth's surface that has been caused by movements in the earth's crust 褶皱. 复合： `foldaway adj that can be folded up or away for storage; collapsible 可摺叠的: a foldaway bed 摺叠床.

folder
[5fEuldE(r); 5foldl] n cover for holding loose papers, etc, made of stiff material, esp cardboard, folded together 文件夹; 纸夹.

foliage
[5fEuliidV; 5foliidV] n [U] (all the) leaves of a tree or plant; leaves with their stems and branches 植物的叶子（总称）; 叶子及梗和枝: * a mass of green foliage 茂密的绿叶 * My flower arrangement needs more foliage. 我的插花作品还得多要些枝叶.

folio
[5fEuliEu; 5foli7o] n (pl ~s) 1 (a) [C] large sheet of paper folded once, making two leaves or four pages of a book 对摺纸; 对开纸. (b) [C] book made of sheets folded in this way 对开本的书: * We have several early folios for sale. 我们有几本早期的对开本书出售. (c) [U] largest size and format for a book 书的最大开本: * drawings published in folio 以对开纸出版的画 * [attrib 作定语] a folio volume 一册对开本的书. 2 [C] (a) sheet of paper numbered on one side only 只在一面有页码的纸. (b) page number of a book 书的页码.

folk
[fEuk; fok] n 1 (also esp US folks) [pl v] (a) people in general 人们: * Some old folk(s) have peculiar tastes. 有些老人有特殊的爱好. * (sometimes used when talking to people in a friendly way 有时用於对人亲切谈话中) Well, folks, what are we going to do today? 喂, 各位, 今天咱们干什麽? (b) people from a particular (part of a) country, or associated with a particular way of life 某一国家（的地区）的人们; 与某种生活方式有关的人们: * country folk 乡下人 * townsfolk 城里人 * farming folk 从事农业劳动的人. 2 folks [pl] (infml 口) (a) members of one's own family; relatives 家属; 亲戚: * How are your folks? 你家里人好吗? (b) (esp US) parents 父母: * Have you ever met my folks? 你见过我父母吗? 3 [attrib 作定语] = folk-music: * a folk concert 民间音乐会. 复合： `folk-dance n (music for a) traditional dance of a community or country 民间舞（曲）; 土风舞（曲）. `folklore n [U] (study of the) traditions, stories, customs, etc of a community 民间传统; 民间故事; 民俗; 民俗学. folklorist[5fEuklC:rist; 5fok7lCrist] n person who studies folklore, esp as an academic subject 民俗学研究者. `folk-music (also folk), `folk-song ns music or song in the traditional style of a country 民间音乐; 民谣; 民歌. `folk-tale n popular story passed on in spoken form from one generation to the next 民间故事; 民间传说.

folksy
[5fEuksi; 5foksi] adj (infml 口) simple in manners and customs; friendly and sociable; typical of ordinary people 实的; 亲切热情的; 平凡的.

foll
abbr 缩写 = following.

follow
[5fClEu; 5falo] v 1 (a) [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (by/with sth) (cause sth to) come, go or take place after (sb/sth else) (in space, time or order) （使某事物）（在空间、 时间或顺序上）在（他人[他事物]）之後, 来、 去或发生; 跟随; 跟着: * The duckling followed its mother everywhere. 小鸭子跟着鸭妈妈到处走. * You go first and I'll follow (on) later. 你先走, 我随後就到. * Monday follows Sunday. 星期一在星期日之後. * One misfortune followed another. 不幸的事情一件接着一件. * The lightning was quickly followed by/with heavy thunder.闪电过後紧接着是响雷. * You should follow your treatment with plenty of rest in bed. 你应该在治疗之後好好卧床休息. (b) [Tn] go after (sb) in order to catch him; chase 追捕（某人）; 追逐: * The police were following him. 警察正在追捕他. 2 [Tn] go along (a road, path, etc) 沿着（道路等）而行: * Follow this road until you get to the corner, then turn left. 沿着这条路走到拐角处, 然後向左转. 3 [Tn] (a) act according to (sth) 按照（某事物）去做; 听从; 采用: * follow the instructions 按指示办事 * follow sb's advice 听从某人的劝告. (b) accept (sb/sth) as a guide, leader or example; copy 把（某人[某事物]）当作指导、 领导、 榜样; 仿效: * follow the latest fashions 赶时髦 * follow the teachings of Muhammad 遵照穆罕默德的教诲. 4 [Tn] carry on (sth) as one's particular job or trade; pursue 经营（某事物）; 从事: * follow a legalcareer 从事法律工作. 5 [I, Tn] understand (the explanation or meaning of sth); understand (the plot of a story) 明白（对某事物的解释或意思）; 明白（故事的情节）: * I don't follow. 我不明白. * I couldn't follow his argument at all. 我根本不明白他的论点. 6 [Tn] pay close attention to (sth); watch or listen very closely 密切注意（某事物）; 注视; 倾听: * The President's wife follows his every word. 总统夫人总是注意听他说的话.

follow1
* The cat followed the mouse's movements carefully. 那只猫紧盯着老鼠的动向. 7 [Tn] take an active interest in (sth) 对（某事物）产生浓厚的兴趣: * Have you been following the basketball tournament? 你一直都在看篮球锦标赛吗? * Millions of fans follow the TV soap operas devotedly. 千百万观众非常着迷地收看这部电视连续剧. 8 [Tn] read (a text) while listening to the same text being spoken by sb else; read (a musical score) while listening to the music being performed 边听别人朗读边跟着阅读（文字）; 边听正在演奏的乐曲边跟着读（乐谱）: * Follow the text while I read it out to you. 看着课文, 听我给你朗读. 9 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn] ~ (on) (from sth) result from sth; happen as a consequence 由某事物引起; 随之发生: * Inevitably, a quarrel followed between the two sides. 双方随後不可避免地争吵起来. * Disease often follows (on from) starvation because the body is weakened. 疾病的产生往往是由於饥饿的缘故, 这是因身体虚弱所致. (b) [I, Ipr] ~ (from sth) happen as a necessary and logical consequence 必然发生: * I don't see how that follows (from what you've said). （从你的话来看）, 我不明白怎麽会产生这样的结果. * If a = b and b = c it follows that a = c. 设a = b, b = c, 则a = c. * She's not in the office but it doesn't necessarily follow that she's ill. 她不在办公室, 并不见得就是病了. 10 [Tn] develop or happen in (a particular way) 按（某一方式）发展或发生: * His speech followed the usual pattern. 他按照通常的方式讲话. 11 (idm 习语) as follows (used to introduce a list) 用以列举事项: * The main events were as follows: * first, the president's speech, secondly the secretary's reply and thirdly, the chairman's summing-up. 主要活动如下: * 第一项, 总裁讲话; 第二项, 秘书做解答; 第叁项, 主席做总结. follow one's (own) `bent do what one is interested in and enjoys doing 做自己感兴趣的事; 随心所欲. follow the `crowd be content to do what most people do 随大溜:

follow2
* Not wanting to make my controversial views known yet, I preferred to follow the crowd for a while. 我还不想公开我那些会引起争论的观点, 宁可暂且随大溜. follow sb's example/lead do as sb else has done; accept and follow sb else's decision 仿效他人的做法[按照他人的决定行事]: * I don't want you to follow my example and rush into marriage. 我不希望你效法我,也仓促结婚. follow (the) hounds hunt foxes with a pack of hounds 带着一群猎犬去猎狐. follow in sb's`footsteps do as sb else does; follow a similar occupation or life-style as sb else 效法他人; 从事与他人同样的职业或采取相同的生活方式: * She works in theatre, following in her father's footsteps. 她继承父业, 也从事戏剧工作. follow one's (own) `nose (a) go straight forward 一直往前走: * The police station is a mile ahead up the hill just follow your nose. 警察局在前面一英里处的山坡上--一直往前走就行了. (b) act instinctively凭本能或直觉行事; 凭直觉行事: * Since you don't know the language I can only suggest that you follow your nose. 你既然不会这门语言, 我只能建议你见机行事. follow `suit act or behave in the way that sb else has just done 照别人的方式去做; 学样: * One of the major banks has lowered its interest rates and the other banks are expected to follow suit. 有一家大银行已降低了利率, 其他银行也准会照样做的. to follow (in a restaurant, etc) as the next course of a meal （在餐馆等）作为下一道菜: * To follow, we'll have peaches and cream, please. 下一道, 请来个奶油蜜桃. 12 (phr v) follow on (of a side in cricket) bat again immediately after failing to get the necessary number of runs in the first innings （板球的一方）在第一局中得分不足後立即继续击球. follow through (in tennis, golf, etc) complete a stroke by continuing to move the racket, club, etc after hitting the ball （网球、 高尔夫球等）击球後使球拍、 球棒等完成顺势动作. follow sth through carry out or continue sth to the end; complete sth 将某事物进行到底; 完成某事物:

follow3
* Starting projects is one thing, following them through is another. 着手进行某项目是一回事, 而将之进行到底则是另一回事. follow sth up (a) take further action on sth; develop or exploit sth 对某事物采取进一步行动; 发展或利用某事物: * You should follow up your letter with a phone call. 你应该写完信以後再跟着打个电话. (b) investigate sth closely 深入调查某事物: * follow up a lead, clue, rumour 顺着头绪、 线索、 谣传进行调查. 派生： follower n person who follows; supporter of a particular person, cause or belief 追随者; 拥护者; 信徒: He's a follower, not a leader. 他是追随者, 不是领导者. * the followers of Mahatma Gandhi 圣雄甘地的拥护者. 复合： ,follow-`on n (in cricket) second innings of a team immediately following its first innings （板球中）一队於第一局结束後紧接着举行的第二局. `follow-through n (in tennis, golf, etc) final part of a stroke after the ball has been hit （网球、 高尔夫球等）击球後的顺势动作. `follow-up n something done to continue or exploit what has already been started or done （对已开始或已完成的事物所做的）後续工作: As a follow-up to the television series the BBC is publishing a book. 英国广播公司在播放那部电视连续剧以後, 即将出版一部有关的书.

following
[5fClEuiN; 5faloiN] adj 1 next in time 接着的: * It rained on the day we arrived, but the following day was sunny. 我们到达的那天正下雨, 但次日天气晴朗. 2 about to be mentioned 下述的: * Answer the following question(s). 回答下列问题. 派生： following n 1 [sing] group of supporters 一批支持者或拥护者: Our party has a large following in the south. 我党在南方有一大批拥护者. 2 the following [sing or pl v] what follows or comes next 下列; 如下: The following is of the greatest importance. 下面一点最为重要. * The following are extracts from the original article. 下面是原文的节选. following prep after (sth); as a result of 在（某事物）之後; 由於: demonstrations following the murder of the union leader 继工会领袖遭谋杀後引发的示威游行.

folly
[5fCli; 5fali] n 1 [U] ~ (to do sth) foolishness; lack of wisdom 愚蠢; 愚笨: * an act of folly 愚蠢之举 * It's utter folly to go swimming in this cold weather. 这麽冷的天气还去游泳, 真是蠢透了. 2 [C] foolish or unwise act, idea or practice 愚蠢的行为、 思想或做法: * You'll pay later for your follies. 你以後要为你的愚蠢行动付出 代价的. 3 [C] very expensive ornamental building that serves no practical purpose 华而不实的建 .

foment
[fEu'ment; fo'ment] v [Tn] 1 arouse or increase (trouble or discontent) 引起或增加（麻烦或不满）: * foment discord, ill feeling, civil disorder, etc 引起不和、 恶感、 内乱等. 2 apply warmth and moisture to (a part of the body) to lessen pain or discomfort 热敷, 热罨（身体某部）. 派生： fomentation[7fEumen'teiFn; 7fomen'teFEn] n 1 [U] act of fomenting 热敷. 2 [C] thing used for fomenting 热敷物; 热罨剂.

fondant
[5fCndEnt; 5fandEnt] n [U, C] soft sweet made of flavoured sugar that melts in the mouth 一种软糖.

fondle
[5fCndl; 5fandl] v [Tn] touch or stroke (sb/sth) gently and lovingly; caress 爱抚, 抚弄（某人[某事物]）; 抚摸: * fondle a baby, doll, kitten 抚弄婴儿、 娃娃、 小猫.

fondue
[5fCndju:; 5fandu] n [C, U] 1 dish of melted cheese, mixed with wine and flavourings, into which pieces of bread are dipped （蘸面包片用的）融化的乾酪（混以酒和调料）. 2 dish of hot oil or sauce into which pieces of meat, seafood, etc are dipped （蘸肉、 海鲜等用的）热油或沙司: * fish fondue 蘸鱼用的汁.

font
[fCnt; fant] n 1 basin or vessel in a church, usu carved from stone, to hold water for baptisms; basin for holy water （教堂用的）洗礼盆, 圣水盆（通常为石雕的）. 2 = fount.

food
[fu:d; fud] n 1 (a) [U] any substance that people or animals eat or drink or plants take in to maintain life and growth （人或动物所需的）食物, 饮料; （植物所需的）养料: * a shortage of food in some countries 有些国家的食物短缺. (b) [U] solid substance of this sort 固体食物: * We cannot survive for long without food and drink. 我们没有食物和饮料就活不了多久. 2 [C] specific kind of food 食品: * breakfast food 早餐食品 * baby, health foods 婴儿、 保健食品 * frozen, processed foods 冷冻的、 加工的食品. 3 (idm 习语) food for `thought something to think about seriously 需要认真考虑的事. 复合： `food-chain n series of living beings arranged so that each being feeds on the one below it in the series 食物链. `food poisoning (also dated 旧作 `ptomaine poisoning) illness of the stomach caused by eating food that contains harmful bacteria 食物中毒. `food processor electrical appliance that mixes, slices or chops food 食品加工器. `foodstuff n any substance used as food 食物; 食品: essential foodstuffs 基本食物. `food value nutritional power of food, usu measured in vitamins, minerals, etc 食物营养价值（通常以含有的维生素、 矿物质等来衡量）: Most sweet things don't have much food value. 大多数甜食都没有什麽营养价值.

fool
1[fu:l; ful] n 1 (derog 贬) person who acts unwisely; person lacking in good sense or judgement; idiot 蠢人; 傻瓜; 白痴: * What fools we were not to see the trap! 我们没有看出那是个陷阱, 多麽傻呀! * And I was fool enough (ie so stupid as) to believe him. 而我却相信他, 真够傻的了. 2 (formerly) man employed by a king, noble, etc to amuse others with jokes and tricks; clown or jester （旧时）（国王或贵族豢养的）小丑, 弄臣. 3 (idm 习语) act/play the fool behave irresponsibly or so as to amuse (and perhaps annoy) others 瞎胡闹; 逗乐; （有时指）把人惹恼. be a fool for one's `pains do sth for which one gets no reward or thanks 做费力不讨好的事. be ,no `fool; be ,nobody's `fool be a wise and clever person; not be easily deceived 为人精明; 不易上当. a ,fool and his ,money are ,soon `parted (saying 谚) a foolish person spends, or can be tricked into spending, all his money 傻瓜存不住钱. (be sent/go on) a `fool's errand (be sent/go on) a senseless or an unprofitable mission （被派去干[干]）徒劳无功的或白费力气的差事. (be/live in) a fool's `paradise (be/live in) a state of (false) happiness that cannot last （处於[生活在]不能持久的）（虚幻的）乐境. make a `fool of oneself/sb behave foolishly/trick sb into behaving foolishly 使（自己[某人]）出丑. (the) ,more fool `sb (used as an exclamation 用作感叹语) the person specified is especially unwise for behaving in the way he does 蠢极了. (there is) ,no fool like an `old fool (saying 谚) the foolish behaviour of an older person seems even more foolish because he is expected to act more sensibly than a younger person 最傻的是老傻瓜. not/never suffer fools gladly => suffer. 派生： fool v 1 (a) [I, Ip] ~ (about/around) behave stupidly or foolishly 干蠢事: Stop fooling about with that knife or someone will get hurt. 不要摆弄那把刀, 会伤人的.

fool1
(b) [I] tease or joke; pretend 逗弄; 开玩笑: I was only fooling when I said I'd lost your keys. 我说把你的钥匙丢了, 只是逗你玩的. 2 [Tn] trick or deceive (sb) 哄骗, 欺骗（某人）: You can't/don't fool me! 你休想[别]骗我! 3 (phr v) fool about/around waste time; be idle 虚度光阴; 胡混: I was meant to be working on Sunday, but I just fooled around all day. 星期日我本应工作的, 但却闲混了一整天. 复合： ,April `Fool person tricked on April Fool's Day （在愚人节）受愚弄的人. April `Fool's Day 1 April 愚人节（4月1日）.

foolery
[5fu:lEri; 5fulEri] n [U, C] foolish behaviour 愚蠢的行为.

foolhardy
[5fu:lha:di; 5ful7hardi] adj (-ier, -iest) foolishly bold or rash; reckless 胆大妄为的; 有勇无谋的; 鲁莽的: * It was foolhardy (of him) to go swimming alone. （他）独自一人去游泳真是鲁莽. > foolhardiness n [U].

foolish
[5fu:liF; 5fuliF] adj 1 (a) (of people) lacking good sense or judgement; silly 愚蠢的; 傻的: * She's a foolish interfering old woman! 她是个瞎管闲事的老太太! * And I was foolish enough to believe him! 我真傻, 竟相信了他! * It would be foolish (of us) to pretend that the accident never happened. 要是装成没发生事故的样子, 那（我们）就太愚蠢了. (b) (of actions, statements, etc) showing a lack of good sense or judgement; unwise or stupid （指行为、 言论等）缺乏头脑的, 欠妥的, 不明智的, 愚蠢的: * a foolish decision, comment, reply, etc 不明智的决定、议论、 答覆等. 2 [usu pred 通常作表语] made to feel or look ridiculous and embarrassed; stupid 感到或显得荒唐而难堪; 愚蠢: * I felt very foolish having to stand up and give a speech. 我必须站起来讲话, 感到很难为情. * He's afraid of looking foolish in front of all his friends.他怕在所有朋友面前出洋相. 3 (idm 习语) penny wise pound foolish => penny. > foolishly adv. foolishness n [U].

foolproof
[5fu:lpru:f; 5ful'pruf] adj 1 not capable of going wrong or of being misunderstood; very plain and simple 不会错的; 不会引起误解的; 非常简单明了的: * a foolproof method, plan, scheme, etc 万无一失的方法、 计画、 方案等. 2 not capable of going wrong or of being used wrongly; reliable and easy to operate 不会做错的; 不会用错的; 可靠而操作简便的: * a foolproof security system 可靠的安全系统.

foolscap
[5fu:lskp; 5ful7skAp] n [U] large size of writing or printing paper, about 330 200 (or 400) mm 大页纸（约为330 200或400mm大小）.

foot
1[fut; fut] n (pl feet/fi:t; fit] ) 1 [C] lowest part of the leg, below the ankle, on which a person or animal stands 脚; 足: * He rose to his feet, ie stood up. 他站起身来. * walking round the house in bare feet, ie not wearing socks, shoes, etc 光脚围着房子走 * [attrib 作定语] a foot switch, brake, pump, etc, ie operated by one's foot, not one's hand 脚踏开关、 脚煞车、 脚踏泵. =>illus 见插图. 2 [C usu sing 通常作单数] part of a sock, stocking, etc that covers the foot （袜子等的）足部. 3 [C] (pl feet or, in informal use and attributively, 用於口语或作定语时, 亦作 foot) (abbr 缩写 ft) measure of length: * 12 inches （长度单位）英尺（12英寸）: * We're flying at 35000 feet. 我们飞行的高度是35000英尺. * `How tall are you?’`Five foot nine', ie five feet and nine inches. ‘你身高多少?’‘五英尺九英寸.’ * [attrib 作定语] a 6-foot high wall 6英尺高的墙. =>App 4,5 见附录4、 5. 4 [sing] the ~ of sth (a) the lowest part of sth; base or bottom of sth （某物的）最下部, 底部: at the foot of the stairs 在楼梯底部 * They camped at the foot of the mountain. 他们在山脚下露营. * at the foot of the page 在该页的下端. (b) the lower end of a bed or grave 床或坟墓的尾端: Spare blankets lay at the foot of each bed. 每张床的尾端放有备用毛毯. 5 [U] (arch 古) manner of walking or moving 步态: light/swift/fleet of foot 步履轻盈[敏捷/如飞]. 6 [C] unit of rhythm in a line of poetry containing one stressed syllable and one or more unstressed syllables, as in the four divisions of For `men/ may `come / and `men / may `go 音步（诗行中的节奏单位, 一个音步包括一个重读音节和一个或几个非重读音节, 如以下为四个音步: For `men / may `come / and `men / may `go. 7 (idm 习语) be on one's `feet be standing 站着: I've been on my feet all day. 我站了一整天. bind/tie sb hand and foot => hand1. the boot is on the other foot => boot. catch sb on the wrong foot => catch1. cut the ground from under sb's feet => ground1. drag one's feet/heels => drag2. fall/land on one's `feet make a quick recovery after an illness, a business failure, etc, esp through good luck （病後、 事业失败後等）迅速恢复（尤指侥幸）. find one's feet => find. from head to foot/toe => head1. get/have a foot in the door gain/have a first introduction to a profession, an organization, etc 初入一行业、 机构等: It's difficult to get a foot in the door of publishing. 加入出版界是很难的. get/have cold feet => cold1. have feet of `clay have some basic weakness or fault 有某种根本的弱点或错误. have the ball at one's feet => ball1. have, etc one's/both feet on the `ground be sensible, realistic and practical 脚踏实地; 实事求是. have a foot in both `camps have an interest in two different parties or sides, without a commitment to either 脚踩两只船. have one foot in the grave be so old or ill that one is not likely to live much longer 一只脚已踏进坟墓; 行将就木; 死期不远. have two left feet => left2. in one's stocking feet => stocking. itchy feet => itchy (itch). keep one's `feet keep one's balance, esp on a slippery surface; not fall 站稳脚跟（尤指在很滑的表面上）; 不跌倒. let the grass grow under one's feet => grass1. my `foot! (used to express scornful rejection of what sb has just said 用於对某人刚说过的话表示轻蔑的驳斥) nonsense! rubbish!胡说八道! 没这回事! on one's `feet completely recovered from an illness or a set-back （患病或遭受挫折後）完全复原: After his wife's death it took him two years to get back on his feet. 他妻子死後两年, 他才振作起来.

foot1
* Only our party's policies will put the country on its feet again. 只有我们党的政策才会使国家恢复元气. on foot walking, rather than using any form of transport 步行: We're going on foot, not by car. 我们走着去, 不坐汽车. the patter of tiny feet => patter2. pull the carpet] rug from under sb's feet => pull2. put one's best foot forward => best1. put one's `feet up rest or relax in a chair or on a bed (esp, though not necessarily, with one's feet supported) 在椅子上或床上休息（尤指脚部垫起）. put one's `foot down be very firm in opposing sth which sb wishes to do 坚决反对某人想做的事: * Mother let us go to the party, but when it came to staying overnight, she put her foot down firmly. 母亲允许我们去参加晚会, 但要说到过夜, 她可决不答应. put one's `foot in it say or do sth that upsets, offends or embarrasses sb 说的话或做的事使人烦恼、 得罪人或令人难堪. put a foot wrong (esp in negative sentences 尤用於否定句) make a mistake 做错事; 出错; 犯错: * I've never known him to put a foot wrong, no matter how delicate the issue. 不论问题多麽棘手, 我从没见他出过错. rush/run sb (clean) off his `feet make sb work very hard or move about a lot, so making him exhausted 把某人累坏了; 使某人疲於奔命: * Before Christmas the shop assistants are rushed off their feet. 圣诞节前店员忙得不可开交. set foot in/on sth enter or visit (a place); arrive 进入或参观（某地）; 到达: * the first man to set foot on the moon 第一个登上月球的人 * Don't ever set foot in this house again! 永远别再进这个门! set sb/sth on his/its `feet make sb/sth independent 使某人[某事物]独立. shake the dust off one's feet => shake1. sit at sb's feet => sit. stand on one's own (two) feet be independent and able to take care of oneself 独立自主; 自立: * Now that you're growing up you must learn to stand on your own two feet. 你既然已经长大成人, 就得学会独立生活. start off on the right/wrong foot => rtstart2. sweep sb off his feet => sweep1. take the weight off one's feet => weight. ten feet tall pleased with and proud of oneself 沾沾自喜; 自鸣得意:

foot2
* be/feel/look/seem ten feet tall 表现出[感到/显得/似乎]得意扬扬. under one's `feet disturbing one and being a nuisance 碍手碍脚; 讨厌: * The children are under my feet all day. 孩子们整天烦我. wait on sb hand and foot => wait1. walk sb off his feet => walk1. 派生： -footer/futE(r); 5futl] (forming compounds 用以构成复合词) person or thing of the specified length, height or width 某一长度、 高度、 宽度的人或物: * a six-footer, ie a person who is six feet tall or thing that is six feet wide or long. 复合： ,foot-and-`mouth (disease) n [U] disease of cattle, etc which causes blisters on the mouth and feet （牛、 羊等的）口蹄疫. `football n (a) [C] large round or oval inflated ball, usu of leather 足球; 橄榄球. (b) [U] any of several outdoor games between two teams, played with such a ball 足球运动; 橄榄球运动. (c) [U] (Brit) = association football (association). =>App 4 见附录4. footballer n person who plays football, esp as a profession 足球运动员（尤指职业的）. `football pools (also the pools) form of gambling in which sb tries to forecast the results of football matches 足球赛赌博. `foot-bridge n narrow bridge for the use of people who are walking 步行桥; 人行桥. `footfall n sound of sb walking; sound of a footstep 脚步声. `foot-fault n (in tennis) act of breaking the rules by placing one's feet inside the back line when serving （网球）脚部违例, 脚部犯规（发球踏线犯规）. `foothill n [C usu pl 通常作复数] hill or low mountain at the base of a higher mountain or range of mountains 山麓小丘. `foothold n 1 place where one's foot can be supported securely when climbing 立足处（攀登时脚踩的地方）. 2 secure position in a business, profession, etc from which further progress may be made （在事业等方面可以进一步发展的）稳固地位: gain a firm foothold in the industry 在这一企业中取得稳固地位.

foot3
`footlights n [pl] row of lights along the front of the stage in a theatre 脚灯（舞台前面的一排灯）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page ix. `footloose adj (idm 习语) footloose and fancy-`free without personal responsibilities or commitments; free to act as one pleases 无拘无束的; 自由自在的. `footman[-mEn; -mEn] n (pl -men) male servant, usu in uniform, who admits visitors, serves food at table, etc （负责迎客、 上菜等的）男仆（通常穿制服）. `footmark n = footprint. `footnote n additional piece of information at the bottom of a page in a book 脚注（列在一页末了的附注）. =>App 3 见附录3. `footpath n = path 1. `footplate n metal platform on which the driver and fireman stand in a locomotive （机车上供司机和司炉站立的金属制的）平台. `footprint n [C usu pl 通常作复数] impression of a human or an animal foot on a surface; mark left by a foot 脚印; 足迹: leave footprints in the snow 在雪地上留下足迹 * muddy footprints on the kitchen floor 厨房地板上的泥脚印. `foot-slog v (-gg-) [I] (infml 口) walk for a long distance and so become very tired 因长途跋涉而步履维艰. `footsore adj having sore or tired feet, esp from walking a long way 脚疼的, 脚酸的（尤指因走长路而引起的）: footsore travellers 走疼了脚的旅行者. `footstep n [C] 1 (a) (usu pl 通常作复数) sound or mark of a step taken when walking 脚步声; 足迹: I heard his footsteps in the hall 我听见大厅里有他的脚步声. (b) (distance covered by a) step taken when walking 脚步; 一步的距离. 2 (idm 习语) follow in one's/sb's footsteps => follow. `footstool (also stool) n low stool for resting the feet on when sitting in a chair 脚凳（坐时垫脚的矮凳）. `footway n = footpath. `footwear n [U] anything worn on the feet, eg shoes and boots 鞋类（如鞋、 靴）. `footwork n [U] (a) manner of moving or using the feet in sports such as boxing or dancing （拳击或舞蹈的）步法.

foot4
(b) (fig 比喻) ability to react quickly to sudden danger, new opportunities, etc 应变能力（对突发的危险、 新机遇等做出敏捷反应的能力）: Thanks to agile footwork he always managed to escape his pursuers. 他善於随机应变, 总能摆脱追踪他的人.

footage
[5futidV; 5futidV] n [U] 1 length or distance measured in feet 以英尺量度的长度或距离. 2 length of film made for the cinema or TV （电影或电视的）片段: * The film contained some old newsreel footage. 这部影片中有些旧新闻片的镜头.

footing
[5futiN; 5futiN] n [sing] 1 secure grip with the feet; balance 站稳; 平衡: * He lost his footing on the wet floor and fell. 他在潮湿的地板上失去平衡而 倒了. 2 basis on which sth is established 基础: * This enterprise is now on a firm footing and should soon show profits. 现在这家企业基础稳固, 很快就会赢利. * The army were put on a war footing, ie were prepared for war. 这支军队是战时的编制（为战争作好准备）. 3 position or status of sb/sth in relation to others; relationship 某人[某事物]与他人或其他事物相关的地位; 关系: * The workers want to be on an equal footing with/on the same footing as the managers. 工人要求与经理地位平等.

footle
[5fu:tl; 5futl] v [I, Ip] ~ (about/around) (infml 口) spend time aimlessly; do nothing in particular 虚度光阴; 闲混: * footle about all day 整天瞎混. 派生： footling[5fu:tliN; 5futliN] adj unimportant; trivial 无足轻重的; 琐碎的: * footling little jobs 鸡毛蒜皮的活儿.

footsie
[5futsi; 5futsi] n (idm 习语) play footsie with sb (infml 口) touch sb's feet lightly with one's own feet, esp under a table, as a playful expression of affection or to arouse sexual interest 用脚轻碰某人的脚（尤指在桌下以示喜爱或用以调情）.

fop
[fCp; fap] n (derog 贬) man who is too concerned with his clothes and appearance; dandy 过於注意衣着与外表的男子. 派生： foppish adj of or like a fop （似）纨 子弟的.

for
1[fE(r); fl; strong form 强读式 fC:(r); fCr] prep 1 (indicating the person intended to receive or benefit from sth 表示接受某事物或从某事物中受益的人): * a letter for you 给你的信 * Are all these presents for me? 这些礼物都是给我的吗? * Save a piece for Mary. 给玛丽留一块吧. * Have you made a cup of tea for Mrs Watson? 你给华生太太沏茶了吗? 2 (indicating purpose or function 表示目的或功能): * go for a walk 去散步 * It's a machine for slicing bread. 这是切面包片的机器. * Are you learning English for pleasure or for your work? 你学英语是出於兴趣还是为了工作? * (infml 口) What did you shout at him for? ie Why did you shout at him? 你为什麽朝他大声喊叫? * For sales to (ie In order that sales may) increase, we must lower our prices. 我们为了增加销售量, 必须把价格降低. 3 (indicating destination, aim or reason 表示目的地、 目标或原因): * depart for home 动身回家 * head for the shore 向岸边行进 * Is this the train for Glasgow? 这是开往格拉斯哥的火车吗? * Passengers for Oxford must change at Didcot. 前往牛津的旅客必须在迪德考特换车. * She knew she was destined for a great future. 她知道自己前程远大. * It's a book for (ie intended to be read by or to) children. 这是一本儿童读物. * a chair for visitors 来宾用的座椅 * bicycles for sale or for hire 供出售或出租的自行车. 4 in order to help or benefit (sb/sth) 有助於或有益於（某人[某事物]）: * Would you please translate this letter for me? 你给我翻译这封信行吗? * What can I do for you? 您想要什麽? * fighting for their country 为其国家而战 * Take some aspirin for (ie to lessen the pain caused by) your headache. 你头痛吃点阿司匹林吧. * The deputy manager ran the firm for (ie instead of) him while he was ill. 在他生病期间, 副经理代他主持公司事务. 5 as the price, reward or penalty of sth 作为对某事物的代价、 报酬或惩罚:

for1
* I bought a book for ￡3. 我花3英镑买了一本书. * She gave me their old TV for nothing. 她把他们的旧电视机送给我了. * He got a medal for bravery. 他因勇敢而获得一枚奖章. * You can go to prison for dangerous driving. 鲁莽驾驶可导致入狱. 6 as the replacement of (sth else) 以取代（他事物）: * exchange one's car for a new one 用自己的汽车换一辆新的 * Don't translate word for word. 不要逐字硬译. 7 in defence or support of (sb/sth) 保卫、 支持或拥护（某人[某事物]）: * Are you for or against the new road scheme? 你对修建新道路的计画是赞成还是反对? * Three cheers for the winner! 为获胜者叁呼喝采! * We're petitioning for our right to keep a school in our village. 我们为在村中保留一所学校这一权利进行请愿. * I'm all for pubs being open all day. 我完全赞成酒馆整日营业. 8 (a) as a representative of (sb/sth) 代表（某人[某事物]）: * I am speaking for all the workers in this firm.我代表公司全体工作人员讲话. * Who's the MP for Bradford? 谁是代表布拉德福德的下院议员? (b) meaning (sth) 意为（某事物）: * What's the `S' for in A S Hornby? 在A S Hornby中的S代表哪个字? * Shaking your head for `No' is not universal. 世界上并非所有的人都用摇头来表示‘不’. 9 (after a v 用於动词後) in order to obtain (sth) 为得到（某事物）: * search for treasure 寻宝 * hope for a settlement 希望得到和解 * pray for peace 为和平祈祷 * fish for trout 钓鳟鱼 * ask the policeman for directions 向警察问路 * go to a friend for advice 向朋友请教 * There were 50 applicants for the post. 有50人申请这个职位. 10 (after an adj 用於形容词後) considering what can be expected from (sb/sth) 就（某人[某事物]）而言: * It's quite warm for January. 就一月份来说, 天气相当暖和了. * She's tall for her age. 从她的年龄来看, 她个子算是高的. * He's not bad for a beginner. 就新手而论, 他已经很不错了.

for2
11 (after a comparative adj 用於比较级的形容词之後) following (sth) 随（某事物）而来: * You'll feel all the better for a good night's sleep. 你好好睡上一夜, 心情就好多了. * This room would look all the better for a spot of paint. 上一点油漆能让这房间增色不少. 12 as the equivalent of (sth); in return for (sth) 与（某事物）相对应; 作为对（某事物）的回报: * There's one bad apple for every three good ones. 每四个苹果里就有一个坏的. * You get a coupon for every 3 gallons of petrol. 每买叁加仑的汽油就可获得一张优惠券. 13 with regard to (sb/sth); concerning (sb/sth) 对於, 至於, 关於（某人[某事物]）: * anxious for sb's safety 为某人的安全担忧 * ready for a holiday 准备好去度假 * eager for them to start 急着要他们开始 * Fortunately for us, the weather changed. 我们真好运气, 天气变了. 14 because of (sth); on account of (sth) 因为, 由於（某事物）: * famous for its cathedral 以大教堂而闻名 * for the following reasons 由於以下的原因 * Please take care of her for my sake. 请为了我好好照顾她. * I couldn't speak for laughing. 我笑得说不出话来. * He didn't answer for fear of hurting her. 他没回答是怕伤她的感情. * He gave me roses for my birthday. 他送我玫瑰花来庆贺我的生日. 15 (a) (indicating a length of time 表示一段时间): * I'm going away for a few days. 我要离开几天. * He was in prison for twenty years. 他在监狱中蹲了二十年. * You said you would love me for ever. 你说过你永远爱我. (b) (indicating that sth is intended to happen at the specified time 表示某事物在所述时间要发生): * a reservation for the first week in June 六月第一周的预订 * The appointment is for 12 May. 约会定在5月12日. * We're invited for 7.30. 我们接到邀请, 时间为7点30分. (c) (indicating the occasion when sth happens 表示某事物发生的场合或时机): * I'm warning you for the last time stop talking! 我最後一次警告你--不要再说话了!

for3
* I'm meeting him for the first time today. 今天我要与他初次见面. 16 (indicating a distance 表示距离): * He crawled on his hands and knees for 100 metres. 他爬行了100米. * The road went on for miles and miles. 这条路很长很长. 17 (a) (used after an adj and before an/pron + infinitive 用於形容词之後和名词[代词]之前+不定式): * It's impossible for me to leave my family. 我是不可能离开家的. * It's useless for us to continue. 我们继续下去是徒劳的. * (fml 文) For her to have survived such an ordeal was remarkable. 她居然能经得起这种磨难, 真了不起. * It's customary for the women to sit apart. 按习俗, 妇女要分开坐. * His greatest wish was for his daughter to take over the business. 他最大的心愿是让女儿接管公司. (b) (used after a n and before a n/pron + infinitive 用於名词之後和名词[代词]之前+不定式): * no need for you to go 不需要你去 * time for us to leave 我们该动身的时间 * a rush for them to finish 他们需仓促完成. (c) (used after too + adj or adj + enough 用於too+形容词之後或形容词+enough之後): * The box is too heavy for me to lift. 这个箱子太重了, 我提不动. * Is it clear enough for you to read? 这个清楚不清楚? 你能念吗? * The coffee was too hot for her (to drink). 咖啡太烫, 她没法喝. (d) (used before a n/pron + infinitive to show purpose or design 用於名词[代词]+不定式之前, 表示目的或意图): * letters for the manager to sign 需要经理签字的信件 * money for you to invest wisely 你要看准机会投资的钱 * I would give anything for this not to have happened. 我宁愿付出任何代价, 也不愿出了这件事. * It's not for me (ie It is not my responsibility) to say 这不是由我来说的话. (e) (used after more with than 用於more与than结构之後): * Nothing could be more desirable than for them both to get jobs in Leeds. 要是他俩都能在利兹找到工作, 那就再好不过了.

for4
* Nothing would please me more than for her to win the next election. 她若能在下次竞选中获胜, 我就再高兴不过了. 18 (idm 习语) be `for it (infml 口) expect to be punished or to get into trouble 会受惩罚或惹出麻烦: * The headmaster saw me draw the picture on the blackboard I'm for it now. 校长看见我在黑板上画画, 这下子我可惹出麻烦了. for `all despite; in spite of 尽管; 虽然: * For all his talk about sports cars and swimming-pools he's just an ordinary bank-clerk. 别看他大谈昂贵的汽车跑车和私人游泳池, 其实他只不过是个银行的普通职员. * For all you say, I think she's the best teacher we've got. 不管你怎麽说, 我仍然认为她是我们最好的老师. * For all his wealth and fame, he's a very lonely man. 他虽然又有钱又有名, 但很孤独. * He has great power and wealth, but is still unhappy for all that. 他有钱有势, 可尽管如此却并不快乐.

forage
[5fCridV; - 'fC:r-; 5fCridV] n 1 [U] food for horses and cattle （牛马的）饲料. 2 [C usu sing 通常作单数] a search or hunt, esp for food 搜寻, 寻找（尤指寻找食物）. 派生： forage v [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (for sth); ~ (about) search or hunt for sth, esp food and supplies 搜寻或寻找某物（尤指食物及供应物）: One group left the camp to forage for firewood. 一些人离开营地去寻找木柴. * She foraged (ie rummaged) about in her handbag, but couldn't find her keys. 她翻遍了手提包, 就是找不到钥匙. 复合： `forage crops crops grown as food for horses and cattle （牛马的）饲料作物.

forasmuch as
[7fC:rEz'mQtF Ez; 7fCrEz'mQtF Ez] conj (arch or law 古或律) because; since; seeing that 因为; 由於; 鉴於.

foray
[5fCrei; - 'fC:rei; 5fCre] n 1 sudden attack, esp to obtain sth; raid 袭击（尤指为获得某物）; 突袭: * go on/make a foray into enemy territory 袭击敌占区. 2 brief but vigorous attempt to be involved in a different activity, profession, etc （对一新的活动、 行业等）短暂而积极的改换尝试: * the company's first foray into the computer market 该公司打入计算机市场的首次尝试. 派生： foray v [I] make a foray 袭击; 突袭.

forbade
(also forbad) pt of forbid.

forbear
1[fC:'beE(r); fCr'ber] v (pt forbore/fC:'bC:(r); fCr'bCr] , pp forborne/fC:'bC:n; fCr'bCrn] ) [I, Ipr, Tt, Tg] ~ (from sth/doing sth) (fml 文) refrain from doing or saying sth in a patient or self-controlled way克制, 自制（不做或不说某事物）: * her mother's gentle and forbearing character 她母亲那温柔而宽容的性格 * He could not forbear from expressing his disagreement.他忍不住要表达不同意见. * He forbore to mention/mentioning the matter again. 他克制住自己, 不再提及此事. 派生： forbearance/fC:'beErEns; fCr'berEns] n [U] (fml 文) patient self-control; tolerance 自制; 耐性: * show forbearance towards sb 对某人有耐性 * exercise forbearance in dealing with people 宽以待人.

forbid
[fE'bid; fl'bid] v (pt forbade/fE'bd; - fE'beid; fl'bed] or forbad/fE'bd; fl'bAd] , pp forbidden/ fE5bIdn; fL`bIdn/) 1 (a) [Tsg, Dn.n, Dn.t] order (sb) not to do sth 禁止, 不准, 不许（某人）做某事: * I can't forbid you/your seeing that man again. 我无法禁止你再和那个男人来往. * She was forbidden access to the club. 人家不允许她到那个俱乐部去. * If you want to go, Ican't forbid you. 你想去, 我也拦不住你. * He was forbidden to talk to her. 不准他同她交谈. * It is forbidden (for anyone) to smoke in this room. 禁止（任何人）在本室吸烟. (b) [Tn, Tg] order that (sth) shall not be done; not allow 禁止（某事物）; 不允许: * Her father forbade their marriage. 她父亲不允许他们俩结婚. * Photography is strictly forbidden in the cathedral. 教堂内严禁摄影. * forbidden subjects such as sex and politics 禁止谈论的题目, 如性和政治 * The law forbids building on this land. 法律规定禁止在此处进行修建. 2 [Tn] make (sth) difficult or impossible; prevent or not allow 妨碍（某事）; 阻止或不准: * Lack of space forbids further treatment of the topic here. 因篇幅所限, 此处不便对本题作进一步阐述. 3 (idm 习语) for,bidden `fruit thing that is desired because it is disapproved of or not allowed 禁果（因受禁止而更想得到的东西）. for,bidden `ground (a) area that one is not allowed to enter 禁区. (b) subject, activity, etc that is not allowed or approved of 不准涉及的或不认可的内容或活动等. God/Heaven for`bid (that...) (expressing a wish that sth may not happen 表示愿某事不要发生): * Heaven forbid that anything awful should have happened to her. 但愿她不会出了大事. 派生： forbidding adj looking unfriendly; stern; threatening 样子冷淡的; 严峻的; 令人生畏的: a forbidding appearance, look, manner, etc 冷酷的样子、 神 情、 态度等

forbid1
* a forbidding coastline, ie one that looks dangerous险恶的海岸地形. forbiddingly adv.u

forbore
pt of forbear1.

forborne
pp of forbear1.

force
feed

force majeure
[7fC:s mA'VE:(r); 7fCrs ma'VE] (French law 法, 律) unforeseen circumstances, such as war, that excuses sb from keeping a promise, fulfilling a bargain, etc 不可抗力（难以预见的情况, 如战争, 藉以原谅某人未能实践诺言、 履行协议等）.

force1
7 [CGp] organized body of armed and specially trained people 武装力量; 部队: * the police force 警察部队 * peace-keeping forces 维持和平部队 * the armed forces of a country, ie the army, navy and air force 国家的武装力量（陆、 海、 空叁军）. 8 [U] (legal) authority （法律的）权威, 威力: * This decree has the force of law behind it. 这一裁决有法律的力量作後盾. 9 (idm 习语) break the force of sth reduce or weaken the impact of sth such as a fall or blow 降低或减弱某事物（如下落或打击）的冲撞力: * The force of his fall was broken by the straw mats. 草垫的缓冲作用减弱了他下跌的力量. bring sth/come into `force (cause a law, rule, etc to) become effective or come into operation （使法律、 规则等）生效, 开始执行: * When do the new safety rules come into force? 新的安全规则何时生效? (from/out of) force of `habit (because of) the tendency to do (some) things in a certain way from always having done so in the past （出於）习惯势力: * It's force of habit that gets me out of bed at 7.15 each morning. 我每天早晨7点15分就起床, 这已成了习惯. in `force (a) (of people) in large numbers （指人）大量的, 大批的: * The police were present at the demonstration in (full) force. 警方派出大队人马在示威游行的现场戒备. (b) (of a law, rule, etc) effective or in operation （指法律、 规则等）有效的, 现行的: * The new safety regulations are now in force. 新的安全规则现已生效. join forces => join.

forceful
[5fC:sfl; 5fCrsfEl] adj strong and assertive 强有力的: * (approv 褒) a forceful speaker 讲话有说服力的人 * a forceful argument, speech, style of writing, etc 有力的论据、 言语、 文体等. > forcefully[-fEli; -fEli] adv. forcefulness n [U].

forcemeat
[5fC:smi:t; 5fCrs7mit] n [U] finely chopped meat mixed with herbs, etc and used as stuffing, eg in a roast chicken 加香料的碎肉（如用作填充烤鸡的馅）.

forceps
[5fC:seps; 5fCrseps] n [pl] pincers or tongs used by dentists, surgeons, etc for gripping things （医生用的）钳子, 镊子: * a pair of forceps 一把钳子 * [attrib 作定语] a forceps delivery, ie one in which the baby is delivered with the aid of forceps 产钳分娩.

forcible
[5fC:sEbl; 5fCrsEbl] adj [attrib 作定语] 1 done by or involving the use of physical force 用强力的: * make a forcible entry into a building 强行进入一建 物. 2 convincing and effective; forceful 有说服力的; 强有力的: * a forcible argument/reminder 有说服力的论据[措辞强硬的催单]. > forcibly[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv.

ford
[fC:d; fCrd] n shallow place in a river where one can walk or drive across 河流中（可涉水或开车越过）的浅处. 派生： ford v [Tn] cross (a river) by walking or driving across a shallow part 从水浅处涉水或开车过（河）. fordable[-Ebl; -Ebl] adj that can be forded 可以涉水而过的.

fore
1[fC:(r); fCr] adj 1 [attrib 作定语] situated in the front part of a vehicle 在运输工具前部的: * in the fore part of the ship/plane/train 在轮船[飞机/火车]的前部. Cf 参看 hind1. 2 (idm 习语) be/come to the fore be/become prominent or important 作为[成为]突出的或重要的: * She's always to the fore at moments of crisis. 她在危急关头总是挺身而出. * After the election several new Members of Parliament came to the fore. 大选後有几位新议员脱颖而出. fore and `aft (a) at the bow (front) and stern (back) of a ship 在船首与船尾. (b) (of sails) set lengthwise on a ship or boat （指船帆）沿船体纵向悬挂. 派生： fore adv in, at or towards the front of a ship or aircraft 在船或飞行器的前部; 向着船或飞行器的前部. fore n [U] front part (of a ship) （船的）前部.

forearm
1[5fC:ra:m; 5fCr7arm] n part of the arm from the elbow to the wrist or fingertips 前臂. =>illus at human 见human插图.

forebear
(also forbear)[5fC:beE(r); 5fCr7ber] n [C usu pl 通常作复数] person from whom one is descended; ancestor 祖宗; 祖先.

forebode
[fC:'bEud; fCr'bod] v [Tn] (fml 文) be a sign or a warning of (esp trouble) 预示（尤指坏事）: * Her angry face forbode a confrontation. 她一脸怒气预示将有一场冲突. * These developments forebode disaster. 这些情况预示着要有灾祸. 派生： foreboding n [C, U] ~ (that...) strong feeling that danger or trouble is coming 要有危险或坏事的预感: She had a sinister foreboding that the plane would crash. 她有个不祥的预感, 飞机要失事. * Thoughts about the future filled him with foreboding. 他想到未来, 不寒而栗.

forecast
[5fC:ka:st; - -kAst; fCr'kAst] v (pt, pp forecast or forecasted) [Tn, Tf, Tw] tell in advance (what is expected to happen); predict with the help of information 预报; 预测: * forecast a fall in unemployment 预测失业人数下降 * forecast that it will rain tomorrow 预报明天有雨 * forecast what the outcome of the election will be 预测选举结果. 派生： forecast n statement that predicts sth with the help of information 预测: forecasts of higher profits 利润将增加的预测 * According to the (weather) forecast it will be sunny tomorrow. （天气）预报说明天天晴. * The forecast said there would be sunny intervals and showers. 预报说晴间阵雨. forecaster n person who forecasts sth, esp sb whose job is to forecast the weather 预测者; （尤指）气象预报员.

forecastle
(also fo'c's'le)[5fEuksl; 5foksl] n part of the front of certain ships where the crew live and sleep 船首楼（某些船前部的水手舱）.

foreclose
[fC:'klEuz; fCr'kloz] v [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (on sb/sth) (of a bank, etc that has lent money for a mortgage) take possession of the property of (sb), usu because repayments have not been made （指已放出抵押贷款的银行等）取得（某人）的财产（通常因未偿付贷款）: * The bank foreclosed (on the mortgage). 该银行已取消（对该抵押品的）赎取权. 派生： foreclosure/fC:'klEuVE(r); fCr'kloVl] n [C, U] (act of) foreclosing a mortgage 取消抵押品赎取权.

forecourt
[5fC:kC:t; 5fCr7kCrt] n 1 large open area or courtyard in front of a building, esp the front of a filling station where petrol is sold （建 物前面的）大片空地或院子（尤指汽车加油站前的加油处）. 2 (in tennis, badminton, etc) part of the court between the service-line and the net （在网球、 羽毛球等球场中）前场（自发球线至球网处）.

foredoomed
[fC:'du:md; fCr'dumd] adj ~ (to sth) intended (as if) by fate to be unsuccessful 注定失败的: * All attempts to revive the fishing industry were foredoomed to failure. 千方百计振兴渔业注定徒劳无功.

forefather
[5fC:fa:TE(r); 5fCr7faTl] n [C usu pl 通常作复数] person from whom one is descended; ancestor, esp a male 祖宗, 祖先（尤指男性）: * the religion of his forefathers 他祖先的宗教信仰.

forefinger
[5fC:fiNgE(r); 5fCr7fiNgl] n finger next to the thumb; index finger 食指. =>illus at hand 见hand插图.

forefoot
[5fC:fut; 5fCr7fut] n (pl -feet[-fi:t; -7fit] ) either of the two front feet of a four-legged animal （四足动物的）前足.

forefront
[5fC:frQnt; 5fCr7frQnt] n [sing] the ~ (of sth) the most forward or important position or place 最前部; 最重要之处: * in the forefront of my mind 我首先考虑的 * The new product took the company to the forefront of the computer software field. 这一新产品面世後, 该公司在计算机软件领域中已处於领先地位.

foregoing
[5fC:gEuiN; fCr'goiN] adj [attrib 作定语] (fml 文) preceding; just mentioned 在前的; 刚提到的; 上述的: * the foregoing analysis, description, discussion, etc 以上分析、 描述、 论述等. 派生： the foregoing n [sing or pl v] (fml 文) what has just been mentioned 刚提及的事物: The foregoing have all been included in the proposals. 以上各点均包括在建议中.

foregone
[5fC:gCn; - -gC:n; 5fCr7gCn] adj (idm 习语) a ,foregone con`clusion result that can be predicted with certainty 可预料的必然结果: * The outcome of theelection is a foregone conclusion. 选举结果已在预料之中.

foreground
[5fC:graund; 5fCr7graund] n the foreground[sing] (a) front part of a view, scene, picture, etc; part nearest the observer （景物、场景、 画面等的）前部, 前景: * The red figure in the foreground is the artist's mother. 画面前景中穿红衣服的人是画家的母亲. (b) (fig 比喻) position of greatest importance or prominence 最重要或最突出的位置: * These teachers are keeping education in the foreground of public attention. 这些教师不断努力以使人人关心教育事业. Cf 参看 background 1,2.

forehand
[5fC:hAnd; 5fCr7hAnd] adj [attrib 作定语] (of a stroke in tennis, squash, etc) made with the palm of the hand turned towards one's opponent or towards the front of the court （指网球、 壁球等的击球）正手打的: * a forehand volley 正手拦击. 派生： forehand n 1 forehand stroke 正手击球. 2 (usu sing 通常作单数) (in tennis, squash, etc) the same side of a player as the hand in which he is holding the racket （指网球、 壁球等运动中）运动员握拍的手的同一侧: Hit the ball to her forehand. 把球打到她握拍手的一边. Cf 参看 backhand (back2).

forehead
[5fCrid, also 'fC:hed; - 'fC:rid; 5fCrid] (also brow) n part of the face above the eyebrows and below the hair 额. =>illus at head 见head插图.

foreign
[5fCrEn; - 'fC:r-; 5fCrin] adj 1 (a) of, in or from a country or an area other than one's own 外国的: * foreign languages, goods, students 外国语、 外国货、 外国学生. (b) dealing with or involving other countries 外交的; 涉外的: * foreign affairs 外交事务 * foreign policy 外交政策 * foreign trade 对外贸易 * foreign aid, ie money, etc given by one country to another in need 外国的援助. 2 ~ to sb/sth (fml 文) not belonging naturally to sb/sth; alien to sb/sth; uncharacteristic of sb/sth 非某人[某事物]所固有的; 与某人[某事物]的本性相异: * Dishonesty is foreign to his nature. 他的本性与弄虚作假格格不入. 3 (fml 文) coming or introduced from outside, usu by accident 来自外界的（通常指意外地）: * a foreign body (eg a hair or speck of dirt) in the eye 眼中的异物（如毛发或灰尘）. 派生： foreigner n 1 person from a country other than one's own 外国人. 2 person who is regarded as not belonging to a particular community; outsider or stranger 外人; 陌生人. 复合： the ,Foreign and `Commonwealth Office (abbr 缩写 FCO) (Brit) the government department that deals with foreign affairs 外交和联邦事务部. Cf 参看 the Home Office (home1). foreign ex`change (system of buying and selling) foreign money 外汇: [attrib 作定语] the foreign exchange markets 外汇市场. ,Foreign `Secretary government minister in charge of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office 外交大臣.

foreknowledge
[7fC:'nClidV; 5for'nalidV] n [U] knowledge of sth before it happens or exists 预知; 预见.

foreland
[5fC:lEnd; 5fCrlEnd] n piece of land that extends into the sea; cape or promontory 岬角; 海角.

foreleg
[5fC:leg; 5fCr7leg] n either of the two front legs of a four-footed animal （四足动物的）前腿.

forelock
[5fC:lCk; 5fCr7lak] n 1 piece of hair growing (and falling) over the forehead 额发. 2 (idm 习语) touch, tug, etc one's `forelock (formerly) raise a hand to one's forehead when meeting sb of higher social rank, usu as a sign of respect （旧时）（与地位高的人相见时）将一只手举至额头（通常指致敬）.

foreman
[5fC:mEn; 5fCrmEn] n (pl -men[-mEn; -mEn] , fem 阴性作 forewoman[-wumEn; -7wumEn] , pl -women[-wimin; -7wimin] ) 1 experienced worker who supervises and directs other workers 领班; 工头. 2 person who acts as the leader and spokesperson of a jury 陪审团团长.

foremost
[5fC:mEust; 5fCr7most] adj 1 [attrib 作定语] most famous or important; best or chief 最着名的; 最重要的; 最好的; 主要的: * the foremost painter of his time 在他那个时代里首屈一指的画家. 2 (idm 习语) first and foremost => first2. 派生： foremost adv in the first position 居於首位: She ranks foremost among the country's leading conductors. 她在国内第一流指挥家中名列榜首.

forename
[5fC:neim; 5fCr7nem] n (fml 文) name preceding the family name; person's first or Christian name 名（在姓之前）; 教名. =>App 7 见附录7. =>Usage at name1 用法见name1.

forenoon
[5fC:nu:n; fCr'nun] n (Scot and in official, eg electoral, notices 苏格兰, 用於官方通告中, 如选举通告) part of the day between sunrise and noon; morning 上午.

forensic
[fE'rensik; - -zik; fE'renzik] adj [attrib 作定语] of, related to or used in (courts of) law 法庭的; 与法庭有关的; 用於法庭的: * forensic medicine, ie medical skill used to help with legal problems or police investigations 法医学.

foreordain
[7fC:rC:'dein; 7fCrCr'den] v [usu passive 通常用於被动语态: * Tn, Tf] (fml 文) (of God or fate) arrange or determine (sth) before it actually happens （指上帝或命运）注定: * It was foreordained that the company would suffer a spectacular collapse. 这个公司注定要彻底垮台.

foreplay
[5fC:plei; 5fCr7ple] n [U] sexual activity such as caressing the sexual organs and kissing before sexual intercourse 性交之前的性活动（如抚摸性器官、 亲吻）.

forerunner
[5fC:rQnE(r); 5fCr7rQnl] n person or thing that prepares the way for the coming of sb or sth else more important; sign of what is to follow 先驱者; 开路人; 先兆: * the forerunners of the modern diesel engine 现代柴油机的前身.

foresail
[5fC:seil, also 'fC:sl; 5fCr7sel, 'fCrsEl] n main sail on the front mast of a ship 前帆.

foresee
[fC:'si:; fCr'si] v (pt foresaw/fC:'sC:; fCr'sC] , pp foreseen/fC:'si:n; fCr'sin] ) [Tn, Tf, Tw] see or know that sth is going to happen in the future; predict 预见; 预知; 预料: * The difficulties could not have been foreseen. 这些困难是无法预见的. * He foresaw that the job would take a long time. 他预见到做这件工作需要很长时间. * They could not have foreseen how things would turn out. 他们不可能预知事情的结果. 派生： forseeable[-Ebl; -Ebl] adj that can be foreseen 可以预见的: * (in) the forseeable future, ie (during) the period of time (usu short) when one knows what is going to happen （在）可预见的将来.

foreshadow
[fC:'FdEu; fCr'FAdo] v [Tn] be a sign or warning of (sth to come or about to happen) 预示: * The increase in taxes had been foreshadowed in the minister's speech. 部长的讲话中早已预示要提高税额.

foreshore
[5fC:FC:(r); 5fCr7FCr] n (usu 通常作 the foreshore) [sing] part of the shore between the limits of high and low tides, or between the sea and land that is cultivated or built on （高潮线与低潮线之间的）海滩; （海水与已耕种或有建 物的陆地之间的）海滨.

foreshorten
[fC:'FC:tn; fCr'FCrtn] v [Tn] (in drawing) represent (an object) by shortening certain lines to give an effect of distance and perspective （绘画中）用透视法表现（所画对像）.

foresight
[5fC:sait; 5fCr7sait] n [U] ability to see what one's future needs are likely to be; careful planning 先见之明; 精打细算: * The couple had the foresight to plan their retirement wisely. 他们夫妇很有远见, 精心安排了退休後的生活. Cf 参看 hindsight.

foreskin
[5fC:skin; 5fCr7skin] n loose fold of skin covering the end of the penis 包皮. =>illus at male 见male插图.

forest
[5fCrist; - 'fC:r-; 5fCrist] n 1 [C, U] (large area of land thickly covered with) trees, bushes, etc 森林（地带）: * the dense tropical forests of the Amazon basin 亚玛孙河流域茂密的热带森林 * Very little forest is left unexplored nowadays. 如今未经勘测的森林已是少之又少了. * [attrib 作定语] forest animals, fires 森林动物、 森林火灾. 2 [C] (fig 比喻) dense mass of tall or narrow objects that looks like a forest 似森林般密集的细长物体: * a forest of television aerials 林立的电视天线. 派生： forested adj covered in forest 覆盖树木如林的. forester n 1 person who looks after a forest, eg by protecting the animals, planting new trees and guarding against fire 林务员; 守林人. 2 person who lives and works in a forest 在森林里居住及工作的人. forestry n [U] science and practice of planting, caring for, and managing forests 林学; 森林学.

forestall
[fC:'stC:l; fCr'stCl] v [Tn] act before (sb else) so as to prevent him from doing sth 抢在（别人）之前行动: * forestall a competitor, a rival, etc 抢在竞争者、 对手之前行动 * I had my objection all prepared, but Stephens forestalled me. 我已做好准备要提出反对意见, 不料斯蒂芬斯却抢先了一步.

foretaste
[5fC:teist; 5fCr7test] n ~ (of sth) small experience of sth before it actually happens; sample （在某事物到来之前的）浅尝; 样品: * a foretaste of the fierce conflict to come 对未来的激烈冲突先尝到的滋味.

foretell
[fC:'tel; fCr'tel] v (pt, pp foretold/fC:'tEuld; fCr'told] ) [Tn, Tf, Tw] (fml 文) tell (what will happen in the future); predict 预言; 预示; 预料: * No one could have foretold such strange events. 谁也料不到有这些奇怪的事情. * The gypsy had foretold that the boy would die. 那吉普赛人曾经预言这男孩儿得夭折. * You can't foretell how the war will end. 这场战争的结局难以预料.

forethought
[5fC:WC:t; 5fCr7WCt] n [U] careful thought or planning for the future 深谋远虑: * With a little more forethought we could have bought the house we really wanted. 我们当初若是稍微再多考虑一下, 也许就能买到我们真正想要的房子了.

foretold
pt, pp of foretell.

forever
[fE'revE(r); fl'evl] adv 1 (also for ever) for all time; always 永远: * I'll love you forever! 我永远爱你! * You'll never get that ball back it's lost forever. 你再也找不回那个球了--永远也找不回来了. * (infml 口) It takes her forever (ie an extremely long time) to get dressed. 她穿衣打扮得用半天时间. 2 (usu with vs in the continuous tenses 通常与进行时态的动词连用) at all times; constantly or persistently 总是; 不断地; 无休止地: * They are forever arguing. 他们总是争吵. * Why are you forever asking questions? 你怎麽老是问问题?

forewarn
[fC:'wC:n; fCr'wCrn] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.f] ~ sb (of sth) warn sb before sth happens; advise sb (of possible dangers, problems, etc) 预先警告某人; 告诉某人（可能出现危险、 问题等）: * We had been forewarned of the risk of fire/that fire could break out. 已经事先警告过我们有发生火灾的危险. 2 (idm 习语) fore,warned is fore`armed (saying 谚) knowledge of possible dangers, problems, etc allows one to prepare for them 有备无患.

foreword
[5fC:wE:d; 5fCr7wEd] n short introduction to a book, printed at the beginning and usu written by a person other than the author （书的）前言, 序言（通常指并非作者写的）. Cf 参看 preface.

forfeit
[5fC:fit; 5fCrfit] v [Tn] (have to) lose or give up (sth) as a consequence of or punishment for having done sth wrong, or in order to achieve sth （因做错事或为得到某事物）失去或放弃（另一事物）: * Passengers who cancel their reservations will forfeit their deposit. 旅客取消预订票者, 定金不予退还. * He has forfeited the right to represent the people. 已撤销他代表人民的资格. * The couple forfeited their independence in order to help those less fortunate. 这对夫妇把富裕出的钱都拿出来帮助那些受难的人. 派生： forfeit n 1 [C usu sing 通常作单数] thing (to be) paid or given up as a penalty or punishment （因受罚）丧失的东西; 罚金. 2 (a) forfeits [sing v] game in which a player gives up various articles if he makes a mistake and can have them back by doing sth ridiculous 罚物游 戏（输者交出小物品, 做滑稽表演後方可取回）. (b) [C] article given up in this game 做此种游戏中交出的东西: Give me your watch as a forfeit. 你输了, 罚你把手表交给我. forfeit adj [pred 作表语] ~ (to sb/sth) (fml 文) (liable to be) lost, paid or given up as a forfeit （作为罚金或抵押品）（可能）失去, 交出: All goods may be forfeit to the State in time of war. 战时所有的货物都可能被国家徵用. forfeiture[5fC:fitFE(r); 5fCrfitFl] n [U] ~ (of sth) (act of) forfeiting sth 丧失; 放弃; 没收: * (the) forfeiture of one's property 放弃财产.

forgather
(also foregather)[fC:'gTE(r); fCr'gATl] v [I] (fml 文) come together; meet socially 聚会.

forgave
pt of forgive.

forge
1[fC:dV; fCrdV] n 1 workshop with a fire and an anvil where metals are heated and shaped, esp one used by a smith for making horseshoes 铁匠 （尤指做马掌的）. 2 (workshop, factory, etc with a) furnace for melting or refining metals 锻铁炉; 锻造车间或工厂.

forget
[fE'get; fl'get] v (pt forgot/fE'gCt; fl'gat] , pp forgotten/fE'gCtn; fl'gatn] ) 1 [Ipr, Tn, Tf, Tw, Tg] ~ about sth (not used in the continuous tenses 不用於进行时态) fail to remember or recall (sth); lose the memory of (sth) 忘记（某事物）; 遗忘: * He forgot (about) her birthday, ie did not remember it at the proper time. 他把她的生日忘了. * I've forgotten her name. 我把她的名字忘了. * Did you forget (that) I was coming? 难道你忘了我要来吗? * She forgot how the puzzle fitted together. 她忘了那个拼图是怎麽拼在一起的. * I'll never forget seeing my daughter dance in public for the first time. 我永远忘不了看着我女儿第一次当众跳舞的情景. 2 (a) [I, Tt] fail to remember to do sth; neglect 忘记（做某事）; 忽视: * `Why didn't you buy any bread?’ `Sorry, I forgot.’ ‘你怎麽没买面包呢?’‘真抱歉, 我忘了.’ * Don't forget to feed the cat. 别忘了喂猫. * He forgot to pay me. 他忘了付给我钱. (b) [Tn] fail to remember to bring, buy, etc (sth) or take care of (sth) 忘记带、 购买、 照料等（某事物）: * I forgot my umbrella. 我忘带伞了. * Don't forget the waiter, ie give him a tip. 别忘了给服务员小费. 3 [Ipr, Tn, Tf] ~ (about) sb/sth stop thinking about sb/sth; not think about sb/sth; put sb/sth out of one's mind 忘掉或不再想某人[某事物]; 不把某人[某事物]放在心上: * Let's forget (about) our differences. 咱们不要把彼此的分歧放在心上. * Try to forget (all) about him. 别再想他了. * You can forget about a holiday this year I've lost my job. 你别再想今年去度假的事了--我失业了. * `How much do I owe you?’ `Forget it!’, ie Don't bother to pay me back. ‘我欠你多少钱?’‘算了吧!’ * The shop will accept cheques and credit cards, not forgetting (ie and also) cash, of course. 这个商店可用支票和信用卡付帐, 当然也收现金.

forget1
* I was forgetting (that) David used to teach you. 我几乎忘了大卫以前经常教你. 4 [Tn] ~ oneself (a) behave without proper dignity 忘乎所以: * I'm afraid I forgot myself and kissed him wildly. 当时我有些忘乎所以, 疯狂地吻着他. (b) act unselfishly 忘我; 无私: * Forget yourself and think of someone else for a change. 别光想着你自己, 你也为别人想一次. 5 (idm 习语) elephants never forget => elephant. forgive and forget => forgive. 派生： forgetful[-fl; -fEl] adj 1 in the habit of forgetting; likely to forget 健忘的; 好忘记的: * Old people are sometimes forgetful. 老人有时爱忘事. 2 [pred 作表语] ~ of sb/sth not thinking about sth; neglectful of sb/sth 对某人[某事物]不考虑、 疏忽: * be forgetful of one's duties 玩忽职守. forgetfully[-fEli; -fEli] adv. forgetfulness n [U].

forgive
[fE'giv; fl'giv] v (pt forgave/fE'geiv; fl'gev] , pp forgiven/fE'givn; fl'givEn] ) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.n] ~ sth; ~ sb (for sth/doing sth) stop being angry or bitter towards sb or about sth; stop blaming or wanting to punish sb 原谅; 宽恕; 饶恕: * I forgave her a long time ago. 我早已原谅她了. * I cannot forgive myself for not seeing my mother before she died. 母亲临终前我未去看她, 为这件事我永远不能原谅自己. * She forgave him his thoughtless remark. 她原谅了他说的轻率的话. * (religion 宗) Forgive us our trespasses, ie our sins. 请宽恕我们的罪孽吧! 2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tsg] ~ sb (for doing sth) (used in polite expressions to lessen the force of what the speaker says and in mild apologies 礼貌用语, 用以缓和语气并示歉意): * Forgive my ignorance, but what exactly are you talking about? 请原谅我孤陋寡闻, 你说的到底是什麽? * Please forgive me for interrupting/my interrupting. 对不起, 打搅了. 3 [Dn.n] say that sb need not repay (the money owed); not demand repayment from (sb) 免除（某人的债务）; 不要求（某人）偿还: * Won't you forgive me such a small debt? 这麽小小的一笔债, 请你免了行吗? 4 (idm 习语) for,give and for`get dismiss from one's mind all unkind feelings and the desire to blame and punish sb 不念旧恶; 不记某人的仇. 派生： forgivable[-Ebl; -Ebl] adj that can be forgiven 可原谅的; 可宽恕的; 可饶恕的: * His harshness is forgivable. 他很严厉, 但情有可原. forgiveness n [U] forgiving or state of being forgiven; willingness to forgive 原谅; 原谅的意愿: He asked forgiveness for what he had done wrong. 他请求原谅他的错误. * (religion 宗) the forgiveness of sins 对罪孽的宽恕 * She is sympathetic and full of forgiveness. 她富有同情心, 待人宽厚. forgiving adj ready and willing to forgive 宽容的; 宽恕的; 宽谅的: kind forgiving parents 慈爱而宽厚的父母

forgive1
* a forgiving nature 宽容厚道的本性. forgivingly adv.

forgo
[fC:'gEu; fCr'go] v (pt forwent/fC:'went; fCr'went] , pp forgone/fC:'gCn; - -'gC:n; fCr'gCn] ) [Tn] give up or do without (esp sth pleasant) 放弃或没有（尤指美好的事物）也行: * The workers agreed to forgo a pay increase for the sake of greater job security. 工人们为了工作更保险, 同意放弃增加工资的要求.

forgot
pt of forget.

forgotten
pp of forget.

fork
[fC:k; fCrk] n 1 small implement with a handle and two or more points or prongs, used for lifting food to the mouth or holding things (esp meat) firmly while they are cut 叉子: * eat with a knife and fork 使用刀叉吃东西. =>illus 见插图. 2 farm or gardening tool with a handle and prongs, used for digging the ground, lifting hay, etc 叉; 耙. =>illus 见插图. 3 (a) place where a road, river, tree branch, etc divides into two parts （路、 河、 树枝等的）分岔处, 岔口: * Go up to the fork and turn left. 走到岔口处向左拐. (b) either of the two parts divided in this way 一个分岔: * Take the right fork. 走右边

forlorn
[fE'lC:n; fl'lCrn] adj 1 lonely and unhappy; uncared for 孤独而凄凉的; 无人照顾的: * a forlorn child sitting on the street corner 坐在街角没人照顾的孩子. 2 (of places) looking uncared for; wretched or forsaken （指地方）似无人管理的, 破烂的, 被离弃的: * deserted forlorn farmhouses 弃置的破烂农舍. 3 (idm 习语) a forlorn `hope plan or undertaking that is almost certain not to succeed 几乎不可能实现的计画或不可能成功的事情: * Going to their rescue in a rowing-boat is a bit of a forlorn hope. 乘划艇去救他们, 希望不大. > forlornly adv. forlornness n [U].

form
1[fC:m; fCrm] n 1 [C, U] outward physical appearance of sb/sth; shape 某人[某物]的外形; 外貌; 样子; 形状: * a jelly mould in the form of a motor car 做成汽车形状的果冻 * We could just manage to see the form of an aircraft taking off in the fog. 飞机在雾中起飞, 我们仅仅能看出它的轮廓. * her slender graceful form 她那苗条优美的体形. 2 [C] ~ (of sth) specific type of arrangement or structure of sth; manner in which sth exists or appears; kind or variety 某事物的具体组成或结构; 某事物存在的或呈现的形式; 形态; 体制; 种类: * water in the form of ice 水呈冰的形态 * different forms of government 各种政体 * The training took the form of (ie consisted of) seminars and lectures. 这种培训是以讨论与讲课的形式进行的. * the form (ie set order of words) of the marriage service 婚礼仪式. 3 [U] general structure and arrangement of sth created such as a musical composition or piece of writing, in contrast to its content （音乐及文学作品等的）形式, 体裁: * music in sonata form 奏鸣曲 * literary form 文学体裁 * This painting shows a good sense of form. 这幅画的构图很好. 4 [C, U] (grammar) (particular) spelling or pronunciation of a word 字形; 字的发音: * The plural form of `goose' is `geese'. goose的复数形式是geese. * The words `elevator' and `lift' are different in form but identical in meaning. elevator与lift形式相异但意义相同. 5 [U] particular manner of behaving, speaking, or writing that is normally required or expected 礼貌; 礼节: * Although she is not entitled to attend the dinner, I think she should be invited as a matter of form, ie because it is correct or polite. 尽管她没有资格参加这次晚宴, 我认为出於礼节还是应该邀请她. * What is the form (ie the correct thing to do)? 按理说该怎麽做? 6 [U] (a) strength, fitness to compete with others, etc of an athlete, a horse, etc （运动员、 马等的）竞技状态:

form1
* After six months training, the whole team is in superb form. 全队经过六个月的训练竞技状态极佳. (b) record of the actions, behaviour, progress, etc of a person, team, etc （对个人或全队等的动作姿态、 表现、 进步情况等的）记录: * On present/current form, Spain will win tonight's match. 就西班牙队目前的状态来看, 今晚的比赛他们能赢. * Judging by recent form, he should easily pass the exam. 从他最近的表现来看, 他应该很容易考及格. * I've got no record of this horse's form. 我没有这匹马的情况记录. 7 [U] person's feelings, humour or spirits 感情、 幽默或精神状态: * They were both in fine/good form at dinner. 晚餐时他们俩的精神都很好. 8 (Brit sl 俚) record of having been found guilty of crimes and (usu) of having received a prison sentence 犯罪记录（通常指曾入狱者）; 前科: * He's got no form! 他没有犯罪记录! 9 [C] class, esp in British private schools and some American private schools 年级（尤用於英国私立学校及美国部分私立学校的）: * The youngest children are in the first form, the oldest in the sixth form. 最小的儿童上一年级, 最大的上六年级. 10 [C] long wooden bench, usu without a back 长木凳. 11 [C] printed or typed piece of paper with questions, and spaces for answers 表格: * fill in an application form 填申请表. 12 [C] place where a hare lives; lair （野兔的）窝, 窟. 13 (idm 习语) bad/good `form (dated 旧) incorrect/correct social behaviour according to accepted standards 失礼的[有礼貌的]行为: * It is sometimes considered bad form to smoke between courses at a meal. 在两道菜之间抽烟有时认为是失礼的. a form of address style of addressing sb in speech or writing 称呼: * What form of address should one use when writing to a bishop? 给主教写信应该怎样称呼? in any shape or form => shape1. on/off `form; in/out of `form in a good/bad state of fitness, ability, etc; performing as well as/not as well as usual 处於良好的[不佳的]竞技状态; 表现如常[不如平常]:

form2
* The team were on excellent form throughout the whole competition. 这个队在整个比赛过程中一直处於极好的竞技状态. on present form => present1. true to form => true. 派生： -former (forming compound ns 用以构成复合名词) child or young person in the specified form1(9) at school 某年级的学生: a sixth-former. formless adj without a clear or definite shape or structure 形状或结构不清楚的; 无一定形状或结构的: formless shadows, ideas, dreams 模糊的影子、 想法、 梦. formlessly adv.

formal
[5fC:ml; 5fCrml] adj 1 following accepted rules of behaviour; showing or expecting careful, serious behaviour, as eg on official occasions or in distant, not close, relationships 正式的; 正规的; 按规矩的; 有礼貌的; 庄重的; 文雅的: * She has a very formal manner. 她举止端庄. * a formal dinner, luncheon, dance, etc 正式的晚餐、 午餐、 舞会等 * formal dress 礼服 * `Request' is a more formal way of saying `ask for'. 用request一词比用ask for显得郑重. 2 regular or geometric in shape; symmetrical 形状整齐的; 成几何图形的; 匀称的: * formal gardens 整齐的花园. 3 of the outward shape or appearance (in contrast to the content or substance) 外形的; 外观的; 形式上的: * There is only a formal resemblance between the two systems; they are in fact radically different. 这两种体系只是在表面上有某种相似之处, 其实根本不同. 4 publicly declared and recognized as official 公开宣布的; 正式承认的: * a formal denial 公开否认 * a formal declaration of war 正式宣战. 5 [attrib 作定语] (of education) officially given at a school, college, etc （指教育）正规的: * The job does not require any formal training. 做这种工作不需要任何正规训练. 派生：formalism[-mElizEm; -ml7izEm] n [U] strict observance of external form, ceremony, technique, etc, often without concern for feeling or meaning, eg in art 形式主义: * creativity reduced to an empty formalism 沦为空洞的形式主义的创造性. formally[-mEli; -mli] adv: * The new rates of pay have not been formally agreed. 新的工资标准尚未正式同意.

formaldehyde
[fC:'mAldihaid; fCr'mAldE7haid] n [U] (chemistry 化) strong-smelling colourless gas used as a preservative and disinfectant when dissolved in water 甲醛. 派生： formalin[5fC:mElin; 5fCrmElin] n (chemistry 化) solution of formaldehyde in water, used as above 甲醛水溶液; 福尔马林.

formality
[fC:'mAlEti; fCr'mAlEti] n 1 [U] careful observance of rules, conventions, etc of language or behaviour （语言或行为）认真遵循规范、 正统等: * At board meetings you have to get used to the formality of the language. 参加董事会议必须习惯那种古板的语言. * I found the formality of the occasion irritating. 我觉得这种场合的繁文缛节十分讨厌. 2 [C] (a) action required by convention or law 传统上的或法律上的手续: * comply with all the necessary formalities 遵照一切必需的礼仪 * go through the legal formalities 办理法律手续. (b) such an action which no longer has much real importance or meaning 形式; 例行公事: * They said the interview was just a formality/a mere formality, as they've already given me the job. 他们说面试只是一种例行公事, 因为他们已经把工作给我了.

formalize
[5fC:mElaiz; 5fCrmE7laiz] v [Tn] make (a plan, etc) official, esp by writing it down 使（计画等）成为正式的（尤指形成文字）: * formalize the arrangements for the conference 把会议的各项安排确定下来. > formalization, -isation[7fC:mElai'zeiFn; 7fCrmElE'zEFEn] n [U].

format
[5fC:mt; 5fCrmAt] n 1 shape, size, binding, etc of a book （书的）版式, 开本, 装订方式: * It's the same book, but a new format. 还是那本书, 但这是新的版式. 2 general arrangement, plan, design, etc of sth （某事物的）总体安排、 计画、 设计等: * The format of the meeting was such that everyone could ask a question. 会议安排好可让每个人都能提一个问题. 3 arrangement or organization of data for processing or storage by a computer 格式. 派生： format v (-tt-) [Tn] arrange (sth) in a particular format, usu for a computer 按一定方式安排（某事物）; （通常指计算机）编排格式.

formation
[fC:'meiFn; fCr'meFEn] n 1 [U] organizing and developing (of sth) （某事物的）组织, 形成, 构成: * the formation of a new government 新政府的组成 * the formation of national character 民族特性的形成. 2 [C] thing that is formed, esp in a particular or characteristic way 形成物（尤指结构特殊的）; 结构: * cloud, rock formations 云层、 岩层 * new word formations 新词的构成. 3 [U] particular arrangement or pattern 编排; 编队; 队形: * aircraft flying in formation 编队飞行的飞机 * [attrib 作定语] for`mation flying 编队飞行.

formative
[5fC:mEtiv; 5fCrmEtiv] adj [attrib 作定语] having an important and lasting influence on the development of sb's character 对某人的性格的形成有重要长期影响的: * a child's formative years 儿童性格的形成时期 * formative influences in one's life 一生中影响性格形成的因素.

former
[5fC:mE(r); 5fCrml] adj [attrib 作定语] 1 of an earlier period or time 以前的: * the former world champion 前世界冠军 * my former landlady 我以前的女房东 * in former times 以前 * She's back to her former self again, eg after an illness. 她又恢复了以前的样子（如病後）. 2 being the first mentioned of two things or people 前者的（两者中先提到的）: * The former option favours the married man. 前一种选择对已婚男子有利. 3 (idm 习语) a shadow of one's/its former self => shadow. 派生： the former pron the first mentioned of two things or people 前者: If I had to choose between fish and chicken I'd prefer the former, ie fish. 若让我在鱼和鸡之间选择其一, 我要前者（即鱼）. formerly adv in earlier times; previously 以前; 从前: The company formerly belonged to an international banking group. 该公司以前隶属於一个国际银行集团. * Namibia, formerly South West Africa 纳米比亚, 旧称西南非洲. Cf 参看 latter.

formic acid
[7fC:mik 'Asid; 7fCrmik 'Asid] colourless acid used in textile finishing, etc originally obtained from ants but now produced synthetically 甲酸; 蚁酸.

Formica
[fC:'maikE; fCr'maikE] n [U] (propr 专利名) hard heat-resistant plastic made into sheets for covering surfaces 福米加（贴於家具等表面的抗热硬塑料薄板）.

formidable
[5fC:midEbl; 5fCrmidEbl] adj 1 causing fear or great anxiety; frightening; awesome 引起恐惧或不安的; 可怕的; 可畏的: * a formidable appearance, look, prospect 可怕的外表、 神情、 景象. 2 difficult to deal with or overcome 难以应付的; 难以克服的: * formidable obstacles, opposition, debts 难以逾越的障碍、 难以克服的反对力量、 难以偿还的债务 * a formidable task 艰巨的任务. 3 inspiring awe and respect because of excellence and strength; very impressive 极好极强的; 了不起的; 令人敬畏的; 惊人的: * a formidable athlete, competitor, list of qualifications 杰出的运动员、 强大的竞争对手、 了不起的资历. > formidably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv.

formula
[5fC:mjulE; 5fCrmjElE] n (pl ~s or, in scientific use 作科技用语, 复数作 formulae[-mjuli:; -mjuli] ) =>Usage at data 用法见data. 1 [C] (a) (chemistry 化) set of symbols showing the elements that a substance is made of 分子式: * The formula for water is H2O. 水的分子式为H2O. (b) (mathematics or physics 数或物) expression of a rule or relationship in algebraic symbols 公式: * the formula for converting gallons into litres 加仑与升的换算公式. 2 [C] fixed arrangement of words, esp as used on social, legal or ceremonial occasions 套语, 惯用语（尤指社交、 法律场合或仪式上使用的）: * `How d'you do' and `Excuse me' are social formulae. ‘你好’和‘对不起’是社交中的客套语. * know the formula for addressing bishops 知道对主教的习惯称呼. 3 [C] list of ingredients or set of instructions for making sth, esp medicines and fuels 配方; 药方; 处方: * a formula for a new drug 新药的配方. 4 [C] set of statements or plans that can be agreed on by two or more persons or groups （双方或各方同意的）方案, 计画: * Managers and workers are still working out a peace formula. 劳资双方仍在商谈制订和解方案. 5 [C] ~ (for sth) method, plan, or set of principles worked out to achieve a desired result （为达到预期目的而制订的）方法, 计画, 原则: * There is no sure formula for success. 成功并无一定之规. * a formula for a happy marriage 美满婚姻的信条. 6 [U] classification of racing cars of a particular size, engine capacity, etc 方程式（根据汽车大小、 发动机容量等对赛车的分级）: * [attrib 作定语] Formula 1 racing cars 一级方程式赛车. 7 [U] (US) artificial powdered milk for babies 人造婴儿奶粉. 派生： formulaic[7fC:mju'leiik; 7fCrmjE'leik] adj made up of set patterns of words 有固定用词格式的: * Anglo-Saxon poetry is formulaic. 盎格鲁 撒克逊诗歌有固定的格式.

formulate
[5fC:mjuleit; 5fCrmjE7let] v [Tn] 1 create (sth) in a precise form 将（某事物）形式固定格式: * formulate a rule, policy, theory, etc 制定规则、 制定政策、 创立理论. 2 express (sth) clearly and exactly using particular words 确切地表达（某思想）: * formulate one's thoughts carefully 确切地阐述自己的思想 * The contract was formulated in difficult legal language. 该合同是用深奥的法律术语订立的. 派生： formulation[7fC:mju'leiFn; 7fCrmjE'leFEn] n (a) [U] action of formulating 格式化; 公式化; 确切的表达. (b) [C] result of this 公式; 确切的表达: * choose another formulation 选择另一种表达方式.

fornicate
[5fC:nikeit; 5fCrni7ket] v [I] (fml esp derog 文, 尤作贬义) (of people not married to each other) have sexual intercourse （指无婚姻关系的人之间）性交; 通奸. > fornication[7fC:ni'keiFn; 7fCrni'keFEn] n [U].

forsake
[fE'seik; fl'sek] v (pt forsook/fE'suk; fl'suk] , pp forsaken/fE'seikEn; fl'sekEn] ) [Tn] 1 (fml 文) give (sth) up; renounce 抛弃, 放弃（某事物）: * forsake one's former habits 抛弃旧习惯. 2 leave (sb), esp when one should be helping him; abandon or desert 离开（某人）（尤指应予帮助时）; 遗弃; 舍弃: * forsake one's family and friends 舍弃家人和朋友 * a dreary forsaken beach in winter 冬季人迹罕至的海滨.

forswear
[fC:'sweE(r); fCr'swer] v (pt forswore/ fR:5swR:(r); fRr`swRr/, pp forsworn/fC:'swC:n; fCr'swCrn] ) (fml 文) 1 [Tn, Tg] (promise to) give up (sth); renounce （保证）放弃（某事物）; 舍弃: * He had forsworn smoking. 他已经戒烟了. 2 [Tn] ~ oneself = perjure oneself (perjure).

forsythia
[fC:'saiWiE; - fEr'siWiE; fl'siWiE] n [U] bush with bright yellow flowers, blooming in the spring 连翘.

fort
[fC:t; fCrt] n 1 building(s) specially made or strengthened for the military defence of an area 要塞; 堡垒; 碉堡; 城堡. 2 (idm 习语) hold the `fort have the responsibility or care of sth/sb in the absence of others 代他人尽责或替他人关照某人[某事物].

forte
1[5fC:tei; - fC:rt; fCrt] n (usu sing 通常作单数) thing that sb does particularly well; strong point 某人擅长的事; 长处; 特长: * Mathematics was never my forte. 数学一向非我所长.

forth
[fC:W; fCrW] adv part 1 (arch 古) out from home, etc （离家等处）外出: * explorers who ventured forth to discover new lands 冒险去发现新地域的探险家. 2 (fml 文) onwards; forwards 向前; 向前方: * from that day forth 从那天起. 3 (idm 习语) and (,so on and) `so forth and other things of the kind that have already been mentioned 等, 等等（表示列举未尽）: * They discussed investments, the state of the economy and so forth. 他们讨论了投资和经济状况等问题. back and forth => back3.

forthcoming
[7fC:W'kQmiN; 5fCrW'kQmiN] adj 1 [attrib 作定语] about to happen or appear in the near future 即将发生或出现的: * the ,forthcoming e`lections 即将举行的选举 * a list of ,forthcoming `books, ie those about to be published 即将出版的图书的目录. 2 [pred 作表语] (often with a negative 常与否定词连用) ready or made available when needed （需要时）现成, 可得到: * The money we asked for was not forthcoming. 我们要的钱尚未得到. 3 [pred 作表语] ready to help, give information, etc 愿意帮忙或提供信息等: * The secretary at the reception desk was not very forthcoming. 接待处的秘书不太主动.

forthright
[5fC:Wrait; fCrW'rait] adj clear and honest in manner and speech; straightforward 言行坦诚的; 直率的: * He has a reputation for being a forthright critic. 他是以直率着称的评论家. * condemnation in the most forthright language 直言不讳的谴责.

forthwith
[7fC:W'wiW; - -'wiT; fCrW'wiW] adv (fml 文) immediately; at once 立刻; 立即; 即刻; 马上: * Mr Jones will be dismissed forthwith. 琼斯先生即将被解职.

fortieth
=> forty.

fortify
[5fC:tifai; 5fCrtE7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (against sth) (a) strengthen (a place) against attack, by building walls, etc 防卫（某地）（ 围墙等）: * fortify a town against invasion 加强防卫一城镇以抵御敌人入侵 * a fortified city 设防的城市. (b) support or strengthen (sb) physically or morally （在物质或道义上）支持（某人）: * Fortified against the cold by a heavy coat, he went out into the snow. 他穿上御寒的大衣冒雪外出. * fortify oneself by prayer and meditation 通过祈祷和冥想增强自己的信念. 2 [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] increase the nutritional value of (a variety of food) by adding vitamins （添加维生素）增加（食物的）营养价值: * cereal fortified with extra vitamins 强化营养麦片. 派生： fortification[7fC:tifi'keiFn; 7fCrtEfE'keFEn] n 1 [U] fortifying; strengthening 加强防卫; 强化: * plans for the fortification of the city 加强城市防御的计画. 2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] tower, wall, ditch, etc built to defend a place against attack 碉堡、 围墙、 战壕等防御进攻的建 物: * These fortifications were all built during the last war. 这些防御工事都是上次战争时修 的. 复合： fortified `wine wine strengthened by adding strong alcohol 加度葡萄酒: Port and madeira are fortified wines. 波尔图酒和马德拉酒都是加度葡萄酒.

fortissimo
[fC:'tisimEu; fCr'tisE7mo] adj, adv (abbr 缩写 ff) (music 音) very loud; (to be) played very loudly 最强音（的）; 用最强音演奏（的）.

fortitude
[5fC:titju:d; - -tu:d; 5fCrtE7tud] n [U] courage, endurance and self-control in facing pain, danger or difficulty （在痛苦、 危险或困难面前表现出的）勇气、 坚韧和自制力: * He bore the pain with great fortitude. 他以极大的毅力忍受了痛苦.

fortnight
[5fC:tnait; 5fCrtnait] n (usu sing 通常作单数) (esp Brit) 1 (period of) two weeks 两星期（的时间）; 两周: * a fortnight's holiday 两周的假期 * a fortnight ago 两星期前 * a fortnight today/tomorrow/on Tuesday, ie two weeks after the day specified 自今天[明天/星期二]起两周之後. 2 (idm 习语) this day fortnight => day. 派生： fortnightly adj, adv (esp Brit) (happening) once a fortnight 每两星期（发生）一次（的）: a fortnightly flight to Brazil 每两周飞往巴西一次的航班 * go home fortnightly 每两星期回家一次.

FORTRAN
(also Fortran)[5fC:trAn; 5fCrtrAn] abbr 缩写 = (computing 计) formula translation, a programminglanguage used esp for scientific calculations 公式翻译（尤指用於科学计算的程序语言）.

fortress
[5fC:tris; 5fCrtris] n castle or large fort; town strengthened against attack 城堡或大的碉堡; 加强防御能力的城镇: * attempts to capture this well-protected fortress 夺取这座坚固堡垒的多次进攻.

fortuitous
[fC:'tju:itEs; - -'tu:-; fCr'tuEtEs] adj (fml 文) happening by chance or coincidence 偶然发生的; 巧合的: * a fortuitous meeting 偶然相遇.

fortunate
[5fC:tFEnEt; 5fCrtFEnEt] adj having, bringing or brought by good fortune; lucky 交好运的; 带来好运的; 好运带来的; 幸运的: * I was fortunate to have/in having a good teacher. 我很幸运, 有位好老师. * She's fortunate enough to enjoy good health. 她身体好, 真有福气. * Remember those less fortunate than yourselves. 别忘了那些运气不如你们的人. * It was very fortunate for him that I arrived on time. 我按时到了, 算他走运. * I made a fortunate choice and won! 我幸亏选择得对, 结果赢了! 派生： fortunately adv by good luck; luckily 运气好地; 幸运地; 幸亏: I was late, but fortunately the meeting hadn't started. 我迟到了, 幸好会议还没开始. * Fortunately (for him) Mark quickly found another job. 幸亏马克很快就找到了另一份工作.

fortune
[5fC:tFu:n; 5fCrtFEn] n 1 [U] chance, esp regarded as a power affecting people's lives: * (good or bad) luck 机会（尤指对人们生活有重要影响的）; （好的或坏的）运气: * By a stroke (ie instance) of (good) fortune, he won the competition. 他靠（好）运气在竞赛中获胜. * be a victim of ill (ie bad) fortune 成为恶运的牺牲品 * I had the good fortune (ie was lucky enough) to be chosen for a trip abroad. 我真幸运, 被选中出国旅行. 2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] event or change in the life of a person or in the progress of a country, business, etc （在人生中或在国家业务等的发展中的）事情或转变: * The party's fortunes were at their lowest level after the election defeat. 该党在竞选失败後每况愈下. 3 [C] person's destiny or future; fate 个人的运气或前途; 命运: * At the fair a gypsy told (me) my fortune, eg by looking at playing-cards or the lines on my hand. 有个吉普赛人在游乐场上给我算过命. 4 [C] large amount of money 大笔的钱; 巨款: * That ring is worth/must have cost a fortune. 那戒指很值钱. * She inherited a large fortune. 她继承了一大笔财产. * He made a considerable fortune selling waste materials. 他靠卖废料发了大财. 5 (idm 习语) the fortune(s) of `war the good or bad luck one meets with in war 个人在战争中遇到的好运或恶运: * made homeless by the fortunes of war 因战乱而无家可归. a hostage to fortune => hostage. seek one's fortune => seek. a small fortune => small. a soldier of fortune => soldier. 复合： `fortune cookie (US) thin biscuit, folded to hold a printed message (eg a proverb, prophecy or joke), served in Chinese restaurants 签语饼（中国餐馆飨客的小脆饼, 包着印有谚语、 预言或笑话的小纸条）. `fortune-hunter n (derog 贬) person who wants to marry sb for money 为追求钱财而与某人结婚的人. `fortune-teller n person who tells people's fortunes 算命者; 看相者.

forty
[5fC:ti; 5fCrti] pron, det, n 40; one more than thirty-nine 40, 四十（个）. =>App 4 见附录4. 派生： fortieth[5fC:tiEW; 5fCrtiiW] pron, det 40th; next after thirty-ninth 第40, 第四十（个）. n one of forty equal parts of sth 四十分之一. forty n 1 [C] the number 40 *40; 四十. 2 the forties [pl] numbers, years or temperature from 40 to 49 从40到49的数目、 年数或温度. 3 (idm 习语) in one's forties between the ages of 40 and 50 在40岁到50岁之间. 复合： forty-`five (also 45) n small record that is designed to be played on a record-player at 45 revolutions a minute （每分钟45转的）小唱片. For the uses of forty and fortieth see the examples at fifty, five and fifth. 关於forty和fortieth的用法见fifty、 five和fifth词条中的示例.

forum
[5fC:rEm; 5fCrEm] n 1 (usu sing 通常作单数) place where important public issues can be discussed （讨论公共问题的）场所, 论坛: * The letters page serves as a useful forum for the exchange of readers' views. 读者来信版是读者们交换意见的有益园地. 2 (in ancient Rome) public place where meetings were held （古罗马）集会的公共场所.

forward
1[5fC:wEd; 5fCrwld] adj 1 [attrib 作定语] (a) directed or moving towards the front 向前方的; 向前进的: * forward movement 向前运动. (b) situated in front; near or at the front 位於前面的; 接近或在前面的: * forward ranks of troops 军队队列的前几排 * The forward part of the train is for first-class passengers only. 火车的前部只是头等车厢. 2 (of plants, crops, etc) having progressed more than is normal or expected; (of children) having developed certain abilities earlier than normal; well advanced （指花草、 农作物等）早熟的; （指儿童）发育早的; 早熟的: * The summer crops were forward this year. 今年夏季农作物成熟得早. * a forward child 早熟的孩子. 3 [attrib 作定语] of or relating to the future 未来的; 与未来有关的: * forward planning 对未来的计画 * (commerce 商) forward buying, ie buying goods at present prices for delivery later 预购. =>Usage at forward2 用法见forward2. 4 (a) ready and willing to be involved; eager 热心参与的; 急切的: * be forward in helping others 热心助人的. (b) too eager; too bold in one's manner; presumptuous 过於急切的; （行为）过於大胆的; 冒昧的; 孟浪的; 莽撞的: * a forward young girl 冒失的女孩子 * I hope you'll apologize that was a very forward thing to do. 我希望你能道歉--那事你做得太莽撞了. Cf 参看 backward. 派生： forwardness n [U] state of being forward1(4b) 过於急切的行为; 胆大妄为; 冒昧; 莽撞: Such forwardness is deplorable. 像这样的胆大妄为应该受到指责.

forwent
pt of forgo.

fossil
[5fCsl; 5fasl] n 1 remains of a prehistoric animal or plant preserved by being buried in earth and now hardened like rock 化石: * This fossil may be over 2 million years old. 这化石可能超过二百万年了. * [attrib 作定语] fossil bones, shells, etc 变成化石的骨、 贝壳等. 2 (infml derog 口, 贬) person, esp an old one, who is unable to accept new ideas or adapt to new conditions 不能接受新思想或不能适应新情况的人（尤指老年人）; 老顽固; 老古董: * Our literature teacher is an old fossil. 我们的文学老师是个老顽固. 派生： fossilize, -ise[5fCsElaiz; 5fasl7aiz] v [I, Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] 1 (cause sth to) become a fossil （使某物）成为化石: * fossilized leaves 成为化石的叶子. 2 (fig 比喻) make (sth) or become out of date or fixed 使（某事物）（变得）过时或固定不变: * old-fashioned fossilized attitudes 落後的、 固定不变的看法. fossilization, -isation[7fCsElai'zeiFn; - -li'z-;7faslE'zeFEn] n [U]. 复合： `fossil fuel fuel, eg coal or oil, formed from the decayed remains of prehistoric animals or plants 矿物燃料, 化石燃料（如煤或石油）.

foster
[5fCstE(r); - 'fC:-; 5fCstl] v 1 [Tn] help the growth or development of (sth); encourage or promote 培养, 培育（某物）; 鼓励; 促进: * foster an interest, attitude, impression, etc 培养兴趣、 滋长某种情绪、 加深印象 * foster the growth of local industries 扶植地方工业. 2 [I, Tn] take care of and bring up (a child that is not legally one's own) 照顾, 抚养（法律上不属於自己的孩子）; 领养; 收养: * People who cannot have a baby of their own sometimes foster (a child). 不能生育的人有时领养别人的（孩子）. Cf 参看 adopt 1. 派生： foster- (forming compound ns 用以构成复合名词) with a family connection through fostering rather than of birth 通过收养而产生家庭关系的: a `foster-parent, -mother, -child, -son, -sister, etc * a `foster-home.

fought
pt, pp of fight.

foul
1[faul; faul] adj 1 having a bad smell or taste; dirty and disgusting 难闻的; 有恶味的; 污秽的; 令人厌恶的: * foul stagnant ponds 臭烘烘的死水塘 * a foul rubbish dump 又脏又臭的垃圾堆 * This medicine tastes foul! 这药味让人恶心! 2 (a) unpleasant; dreadful 不愉快的; 可怕的: * `Go away! I've had a foul day at work.’ ‘走开! 我干了一天活儿够受的了.’ * His boss has a foul temper. 他的老板的脾气很坏. (b) evil or wicked 邪恶的; 罪恶的: * a foul crime 邪恶的罪行. 3 (of language) obscene and offensive; full of swear-words （指语言）猥亵的, 无礼的; 充满脏话的. 4 (of weather) very rainy and windy; stormy or rough （指天气）风雨大作的, 暴风雨的, 恶劣的: * The spring was foul this year it was cold and wet for weeks. 今春天气恶劣--一连几个星期又冷又潮湿. 5 (sport 体) (of an action) against the rules; unfair （指动作）犯规的, 不正当的: * a foul stroke 犯规的一击. 6 (of a chimney, pipe, etc) blocked with waste, etc so that nothing can pass through （指烟囱、 管道等）不通畅的, 阻塞的. 7 (idm 习语) by fair means or foul => fair1.fall foul of sb/sth have a confrontation or disagreement with sb/sth, esp the government or the authorities 与某人[某事物]冲突或不一致（尤指与政府或当局）: * The police never caught him in any criminal activity but he eventually fell foul of the tax authorities. 警方从未当场见到他有犯罪活动, 但他最终却与税务局惹上了官非. 派生： foul n (sport 体) action that is against the rules of a game （比赛中的）犯规行为: That last foul (against/on Smith) lost us the match. 最後那次（对史密斯）犯规使我们输了那场比赛. foully[5faulli; 5faulli] adv. foulness n [U]. 复合： ,foul-`mouthed adj using obscene and offensive language 用猥亵、 无礼语言的: a ,foul-mouthed `child 说脏话的孩子. ,foul `play 1 action that is against the rules of a sport; unfair or illegal dealings （运动中的）犯规行为; 不正当的或违法的交易: fresh evidence of foul play in financial dealings 在财务方面违法的新证据.

foul1
2 criminal violence that leads to murder （导致谋杀的）犯罪暴力行为: The police suspect foul play rather than suicide. 警方怀疑是谋杀不是自杀.

found
1 pt, pp of find.

foundation
[faun'deiFn; faun'deFEn] n 1 [U] act of founding (an institution, organization, etc) （机构、 组织等的）建立, 创立, 创办: * the foundation of the university 大学的创办. 2 [C] (a) (organization set up to provide) sums of money for research, charity, etc （为研究、 慈善事业等提供的）基金, 基金会: * the Ford Foundation福特基金 * You may be able to get support from an arts foundation. 你可以从文艺基金会得到资助. (b) institution, eg a college or hospital, that is established by means of such a fund （用基金建立的）机构（如学院或医院）. 3 [C usu pl 通常作复数] layer of bricks, concrete, etc forming the solid base of a building underground 地基; 房基; 基础: * lay the foundations of a building 给建 物奠基 * The huge lorries shook the foundations of the house. 大卡车驶过时, 连房基都震动了. 4 [C, U] principle, idea or fact on which sth is based; basis （作为某事的）基本原则、 思想或事实; 基础: * lay the foundations of one's career 奠定个人事业的基础 * The political scandal shook the nation to its very foundations. 这一政治丑闻从根本上动摇了该国家. * The conclusions must have some solid foundation in reality. 这些结论一定有些牢固的现实基础. * That rumour has no foundation/is without foundation in fact. 那谣言没有事实根据. 5 [U] (also foundation cream) cream put on the face before other make-up is applied 粉底霜（化妆品）. 复合： foun`dation course course taken at a college, etc that usu covers a wide range of subjects and prepares students for more advanced studies 基础课. foun`dation-stone n large block of stone laid at a special ceremony to mark the founding of a public building 奠基石（在奠基典礼上放置的大石块, 标志公共建 物开工）.

founder
1[5faundE(r); 5faundl] n person who founds or establishes sth 建立或创立某事物的人; 建立者; 缔造者: * founder of a city, institution, company, etc 城市、 机 构、 公司等的创建人. 复合： founder-`member n one of the first and founding members of a society, an organization, etc （团体、 组织等的）最初建立者; 发起人; 创始人.

foundling
[5faundliN; 5faundliN] n (arch 古) abandoned child of unknown parents who is found by sb 弃儿.

foundry
[5faundri; 5faundri] n place where metal or glass is melted and moulded into articles of particular shapes 铸造厂; 玻璃厂.

fount
1[faunt; faunt] n ~ (of sth) (rhet or arch 修辞或古) source or origin (of sth); fountain （某事物的）来源或根源; 泉: * the fount of all wisdom 一切智慧的源泉.

fountain
[5fauntin; - -tn; 5fauntn] n 1 jet of water, esp one forced up into the air artificially as an ornament 喷水; （尤指人造的作装饰用的）喷泉: * The fountains of Rome are famed for their architectural beauty. 罗马的喷泉以其建 之美而着称. * A fountain of water gushed from the broken fire hydrant. 从损坏的消防栓里喷出水来. 2 = drinking fountain (drink2). 3 ~ (of sth) (rhet or arch 修辞或古) source or origin (of sth); fount （某事物的）来源或根源; 源泉: * the fountain of justice 正义的源泉. 复合： `fountain-head n origin or source 根源; 来源: the fountain-head of power 力量的根源. `fountain-pen n pen with a container from which ink flows continuously to the nib 自来水笔.

four
[fC:(r); fCr] pron, det 1 4; one more than three 4, 四（个）. =>App 4 见附录4. 2 (idm 习语) on all `fours (of a person) with one's hands and knees (and usu also toes) on the ground （指人）双手和双膝（通常还用脚趾）着地, 趴着: * The baby was crawling about on all fours. 婴儿那时正在满处爬. =>illus at kneel 见kneel插图. (be) on all fours (with sb/sth) (be) the same in importance, function, etc (as sb/sth else) （重要性, 作用等）（与某人[某事物]）相同, 一致. 派生： four n 1 the number 4 *4; 四. 2 group of four people or things 四个人或物的一组. 3 (crew of a) rowing-boat for four people 四人划行的船（员）. 4 (in cricket) shot, scoring four runs, in which the ball crosses the boundary after having hit the ground （板球）得四分的一击. four- (in compounds 用以构成复合词) having four of the thing specified 有四个...的: a four-sided figure. fourth/fC:W; fCrW] pron, det 4th; next after third 第4, 第四（个）. =>App 4 见附录4. fourthly adv in the fourth position or place 在第四位. the fourth di`mension the dimension of time 第四维（时间）. the ,Fourth of Ju`ly anniversary of the Declaration of Independence (1776) of the United States from Britain 美国独立纪念日（1776年7月4日）. n one of four equal parts of sth 四分之一. 复合： fourfold[5fC:fEuld; 5fCr'fold] adj, adv 1 four times as much or as many 四倍（的）: * The population in this area has increased fourfold. 该地区的人口已增加到四倍. 2 having four parts 有四部分（的）. ,four-in-`hand n coach or carriage pulled by four horses and driven by one person 驷马车（一人驾御四匹马拉的马车）. ,four-letter `word any of various short words, usu referring to sexual or other bodily functions, that are considered obscene or offensive 粗俗、 下流的词; 脏话. `four-ply adj (of wool, wood, etc) having four strands or thicknesses （指毛线、 木材等）四股的, 四层的.

four1
,four-`poster n (also ,four-poster `bed) (esp formerly) large bed with a tall post at each of the four corners to support curtains （尤指旧时）四柱大床（四角各有一柱以支撑幔帐的）. foursome[5fC:sEm; 5fCrsEm] n 1 four people joining together to play a game, esp golf 四人参加的游戏（尤指高尔夫球）. 2 two couples undertaking a leisure activity together 两对男女一同参加的娱乐活动: * Let's make (up) a foursome and go out to a restaurant. 咱们四个人（两对男女）一起下饭馆吧. ,four-`square adj (a) square-shaped 方形的; 方的. (b) solidly based; steady or resolute 不动摇的; 坚定的; 坚决的; 果断的: a ,four-square ap`proach to the problem 对该问题的强硬态度. ,four-wheel `drive (of a vehicle in which) power is applied to all four wheels （指车辆）四轮驱动的. For the uses of four and fourth see the examples at five and fifth. 关於four和fourth的用法见five和fifth词条中的示例.

fourteen
[7fC:'ti:n; fCr'tin] pron, det 14; one more than thirteen 14, 十四（个）. =>App 4 见附录4. 派生： fourteen n the number 14 *14; 十四. fourteenth[7fC:'ti:nW; fCr'tinW] pron, det 14th; next after thirteenth 第14, 第十四（个）. n one of fourteen equal parts of sth 十四分之一. For the uses of fourteen and fourteenth see the examples at five and fifth. 关於fourteen和fourteenth的用法见five和fifth词条中的示例.

fowl
[faul; faul] n 1 [C] (pl unchanged or ~s 复数或不变或作fowls) domestic cock or hen 鸡: * We keep a few fowls and some goats. 我们养了几只鸡和一些山羊. 2 [U] flesh of certain types of birds, eaten for food 禽肉; 鸡肉: * We had fish for the first course, followed by roast fowl and fresh vegetables. 我们吃的第一道菜是鱼, 接着上的菜是烤禽肉和新鲜蔬菜. 3 [C] (arch 古) any bird 任何鸟类: * the fowls of the air 飞禽. 4 (in compounds 用以构成复合词) bird of the type specified 某种禽鸟: * `waterfowl * barnyard fowl * `wildfowl. 派生： fowl v [I] (usu 通常作 go `fowling) hunt or snare wildfowl 猎捕野禽. 复合： `fowl pest type of infectious disease among chickens, etc 家禽的瘟疫.

fox
[fCks; faks] n 1 (a) [C] (fem 阴性作 vixen[5viksn;'viksn] ) wild animal of the dog family, with reddish brown fur, a pointed face and a bushy tail 狐; 狐狸: * Hunting foxes is a peculiarly English sport. 猎狐是英国特有的运动. * The fox is known for its cleverness and cunning. 狐狸的机敏和狡猾是人所共知的. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page iii. (b) [U] its skin and fur used to make coats, etc 狐皮. 2 [C] (infml esp derog 口, 尤作贬义) person who is clever and able to get what he wants by deceiving or manipulating others 狡猾的人; 老狐狸: * a crafty/sly old fox 狡猾的老狐狸. 派生： fox v 1 [Tn] (a) be too difficult for (sb) to understand; baffle or confuse 使（某人）难以理解; 使困惑; 使迷惑: He was completely foxed by her behaviour. 他对她的所作所为大感迷惑. (b) trick (sb) by cunning; deceive （用诡计）骗（某人）; 欺骗. 2 [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] discolour (the pages of a book) with brown marks （生褐斑）使（书页）褪色: This volume is foxed on the flyleaf. 这卷书的空白页发黄了. foxy[5fCksi; 5faksi] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 crafty or deceitful; cunning 狡猾的; 骗人的; 狡诈的. 2 like a fox in appearance, ie reddish brown in colour or having a fox-like face 貌似狐狸的（即赤褐色的或面貌像狐狸 的）. 3 ( sl approv 俚, 褒 esp US) (of a woman) physically attractive; sexy （指女人）长得漂亮的, 性感的: * a foxy lady 性感的女人. 复合： `foxhole n hole in the ground dug by soldiers as a shelter against enemy fire and as a firing-point 散兵坑. `foxhound n type of dog trained to hunt foxes 猎狐狗. `fox-hunting n [U] sport in which a fox is hunted by foxhounds and people on horses 猎狐（骑着马用猎狐狗猎狐的运动）. ,fox-`terrier n type of short-haired dog, formerly used to drive foxes out of their holes 猎狐雷狗（旧时用以将狐狸从洞中赶出的）.

foxglove
[5fCksglQv; 5faks7glQv] n tall plant with purple or white bell-shaped flowers growing up its stem 洋地黄; 毛地黄. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page ii.

foxtrot
[5fCkstrCt; 5faks7trat] n (music for a) formal dance with both slow and quick steps 狐步舞; 狐步舞曲. 派生： foxtrot v (-tt-) [I] dance the foxtrot 跳狐步舞.

foyer
[5fCiei; - 'fCiEr; 5fCil] n entrance hall or large open space in a theatre, hotel, etc where people can meet or wait （剧场、 旅馆等的）门厅, 休息厅: * I'll meet you in the foyer at 7 o'clock. 我七点钟和你在门厅见面.

FPA
[7ef pi: 'ei; 7ef pi 'e] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Family Planning Association 计画生育协会.

Fr
abbr 缩写 = 1 (religion 宗) Father: Fr (Paul) Black （保罗．）布莱克神父. 2 French.

fracas
[5frAka:; - 'freikEs; 5frekEs] n (pl unchanged 复数不变[-ka:z; -kaz] ; US ~es[-kEsEz; -kEsiz] ) (usu sing 通常作单数) noisy quarrel, fight, or disturbance 大声争吵; 打闹; 骚乱: * The police were called in to break up (ie stop) the fracas. 警察奉命去制止骚乱.

fraction
[5frAkFn; 5frAkFEn] n 1 small part, bit, amount, or proportion (of sth) （某物的）小部分, 一点儿, 少许, 片断: * The car stopped within a fraction of an inch of the wall. 汽车在离墙不到一英寸的地方停住了. * Could you move a fraction closer? 你能不能稍微再挪近点儿? 2 precise division of a number, eg , , 0.76 分数, 小数（如、 、 0.76）. 派生： fractional[-FEnl; -FEnl] adj 1 of or in fractions 部分的; 少许的; 片断的; 分数的; 小数的: * a fractional equation 分数方程式. 2 very small; trivial or unimportant 极小的; 轻微的; 无足轻重的: * a fractional difference in prices 微小的差价. fractionally[-FEnEli;-FEnEli] adv to a very small degree; marginally 达极小程度地; 轻微地: * One dancer was fractionally out of step. 有个跳舞人的舞步稍微有些不合拍.

fractious
[5frAkFEs; 5frAkFEs] adj (esp of children) irritable; bad-tempered （尤指儿童）易怒的, 脾气坏的. > fractiously adv. fractiousness n [U].

fracture
[5frAktFE(r); 5frAktFl] n (a) [C] instance of breaking (esp a bone) 折断; 断裂; 破裂; （尤指）骨折: * a fracture of the leg 腿部骨折 * He had several injuries, including three fractures. 他多处受伤, 其中叁处是骨折. * a compound/simple fracture, ie one in which the skinis/is not pierced by the broken bone 有创[单纯]骨折 * a slight fracture in a pipe 管道的裂缝. (b) [U] breaking or breakage, esp of a bone 折断; 断裂; 破裂; （尤指）骨折: * the site of fracture 断裂的位置. 派生： fracture v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) break or crack （使某物）折断, 破碎: Her leg fractured in two places. 她的腿有两处骨折. * suffer from a fractured pelvis 出现骨盆骨折.

fragile
[5frAdVail; - -dVl; 5frAdVEl] adj 1 easily damaged or broken; delicate 易受伤害的; 易碎的; 易损的: * fragile china/glass 易碎的瓷器[玻璃器皿] * a fragile plant 娇嫩的植物 * (fig 比喻) Human happiness is so fragile. 人生幸福易逝. * a fragile economy 疲软的经济. 2 (infml 口) not strong and healthy; weak, eg because one has drunk too much alcohol 不强健的, 弱的（如因酗酒所致）: * He's feeling a bit fragile after last night's party. 他参加了昨晚的聚会以後, 现在觉得有些虚弱. Cf 参看 frail. > fragility/frE'dVilEti; frE'dVilEti] n [U].

fragment
[5frAgmEnt; 5frAgmEnt] n 1 small part or piece broken off (sth) （某物的）碎片: * find several fragments of a Roman vase 发现古罗马花瓶的几块残片. 2 separate or incomplete part (of sth) （某事物的）片断或不完整部分: * I heard only a fragment of their conversation. 我只听到他们谈话的只言片语. 派生： fragment/frAg'ment; 5frAg'ment] v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) break into small pieces or parts; split up （使某物）破碎或裂开; 分裂; 分离: * These bullets fragment on impact. 这些子弹射中物体时爆炸成碎片. * (fig 比喻) Ownership of the large estates is increasingly fragmented, ie divided among several people. 大片地皮的产权逐渐分成若干份. fragmentary[5frAgmEntri; - -teri; 5frAgmEn7teri] adj made up of small incomplete or unconnected parts 由小的、 不完整的或无联系的部分组成的: * fragmentary evidence 支离破碎的证据. fragmentation[7frAgmen'teiFn; 7frAgmen'teFEn] n [U]. fragmen`tation bomb bomb designed to break up into many small pieces 杀伤炸弹（爆炸时成小碎片）.

fragrance
[5freigrEns; 5fregrEns] n (a) [C usu sing 通常作单数] pleasant or sweet smell; scent or perfume 好闻的或芳香的气味; 香; 香料: * Lavender has a delicate fragrance. 薰衣草有淡淡的香味. (b) [U] quality of having a pleasant or sweet smell 芳香.

fragrant
[5freigrEnt; 5fregrEnt] adj having a pleasant or sweet smell 有香味的; 芳香的: * fragrant herbs, flowers, etc 香的药草、 花等. > fragrantly adv.

frail
[freil; frel] adj 1 (of a person) physically weak or delicate （指人）体弱的, 虚弱的: * a frail child 体弱的孩子 * At 90, she's getting very old and frail. 她90岁时渐渐非常衰老、 虚弱. 2 easily broken; fragile 易破碎的; 易损的: * Careful: * that chair's rather frail! 小心点儿: * 那把椅子不结实! 3 morally weak 道德观念薄弱的: * frail human nature 易堕落的人性. 派生： frailty[5freilti; 5frelti] n 1 [U] physical weakness （身体）虚弱. 2 [C, U] (instance of) weakness in character or morals; fault or imperfection （性格）软弱; （道德观念）薄弱; 错误; 缺点: * She continued to love him despite his many frailties. 尽管他有很多缺点, 但她仍爱他. * human frailty 人类的弱点.

frame
1[freim; frem] n 1 border of wood, metal, etc in which a picture, door, pane of glass, etc is enclosed or set （木材、 金属等做的）框架: * a picture frame 画框 * a window frame 窗框. 2 rigid structure of a piece of furniture, building, vehicle, etc which makes its shape and forms a support for its parts （家具、 建 物、 车辆等的）框架, 支架, 骨架: * the frame of a cupboard, bed, rucksack 柜厨的框架、 床的框架、 帆布包的支架 * the frame of an aircraft, a car, etc 飞机、 汽车等的框架. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xiii, =>illus 见插图. 3 (usu pl 通常作复数) structure of plastic, metal, etc that holds the lenses of a pair of glasses in place 眼镜框: * glasses with heavy black frames 黑色粗框眼镜. =>illus at glass 见glass插图. 4 (usu sing 通常作单数) human or animal body; its form or structure （人或动物的）身体; 体形; 身体结构: * Sobs shook her slender frame. 她抽泣着, 苗条的身体都在颤动. 5 general order or system that forms the background to sth （构成某事物背景的）规律或制度; 体制; 模式: * the frame of contemporary society 现代社会的模式. 6 (a) any of the single photographs that make up a cinema film （影片的）一个镜头, 一个画面. (b) single picture in a comic strip （连环漫画中的）一幅画. 7 = cold frame (cold1). 8 (a) (in snooker, etc) triangular structure for positioning balls （落袋台球戏等）（摆放球的）叁角框. (b) (in snooker, bowling, etc) single round of play （落袋台球 戏、 地滚球戏等）一轮, 一局, 一回. 9 (idm 习语) a frame of `mind particular state of one's mind or feelings; mood 心境; 心情; 情绪; 思想状态: * I'm not in the right frame of mind to start discussing money. 我现在没心思来商量钱的问题. a frame of `reference set of principles, standards or observations used as a basis for one's judgement, behaviour, etc （作为个人的判断、 行为等的依据的）原则, 标准, 观点:

frame1
* sociological studies conducted within a Marxist frame of reference 以马克思主义观点指导的社会学研究. 复合： `frame-house n house with a wooden frame covered with boards 木板房. `framework n 1 structure giving shape and support 框架; 结构: a bridge with a steel framework 钢铁结构的桥梁. =>illus 见插图. 2 social order or system 社会的秩序或制度: civil unrest which shook the framework of the old system 动摇了旧制度的内乱. 3 set of principles or ideas used as a basis for one's judgement, decisions, etc （个人的判断、 决定等所依据的）原则, 思想: All the cases can be considered within the framework of the existing rules. 一切情况都可依据现行的规章加以考虑.

franc
[frANk; frANk] n unit of currency in eg France, Belgium and Switzerland 法郎（如法国、 比利时和瑞士的货币单位）.

franchise
[5frAntFaiz; 5frAntFaiz] n 1 [U] right to vote at public elections （公众选举的）投票权, 选举权: * system of universal adult franchise 全体成年人都享有选举权的制度 * Women were not given the franchise in Britain until the twentieth century. 英国妇女直到二十世纪才获得选举权. 2 [C] formal permission to sell a company's goods or services in a particular area （正式授予在某地区销售某某公司的货物或经营某业务的）特权, 特许: * buy a fast-food, printing, etc franchise 购买经营快餐、 印刷等的特权 * grant, withdraw a franchise 授予、 撤销特权. 派生： franchise v [Tn] grant a franchise(2) to (sb) 授予（某人）特权.

Franciscan
[frAn'siskEn; frAn'siskEn] n, adj (friar or nun) of the Christian religious order founded by St Francis of Assisi 圣方济各会的（修士或修女）.

Franco-
comb form 构词成分 French; of France 法国的: Franco-German history * Francophile, ie (person who is) friendly towards France.

francophone
[5frANkEufEun; 5frANkE7fon] adj, n French-speaking (person) 说法语的（人）: * the francophone countries of West Africa 非洲西部说法语的国家.

frank
1[frANk; frANk] adj (-er, -est) ~ (with sb) (about sth) showing thoughts and feelings openly; honest and direct in speech; plain and blunt 公开表达思想感情的; 言语真诚的; 坦率的; 坦白的; 直率的: * a frank reply, discussion, exchange of views, etc 坦率的回答、 讨论、 交换意见等 * To be (perfectly) frank with you, I think your son has little chance of passing the exam. 说实在的, 我认为你儿子这次考试及格的希望不大. 派生： frankly adv 1 in a frank manner 坦率地; 坦白地; 直率地; 真诚地: Tell me frankly what's wrong. 老老实实告诉我出什麽事了. 2 speaking honestly; to be truthful 说实话; 诚实地: Frankly, I couldn't care less. 说真的, 我毫不在乎. * Quite frankly, I'm not surprised. 坦白地说, 我并不感到意外. =>Usage at hopeful 用法见hopeful. frankness n [U]: She spoke about her fears with complete frankness. 她对自己的恐惧直言不讳.

frankfurter
[5frANkfE:tE(r); 5frANkfEtl] (US wiener) n type of small smoked sausage 小熏肠.

frankincense
[5frANkinsens; 5frANkin7sens] n [U] type of sweet-smelling gum from a tree, burnt as incense 乳香（有香味的树脂, 可作燃香）.

frantic
[5frAntik; 5frAntik] adj 1 in an extreme state of emotion, esp fear or anxiety 情感的极度状态（尤指恐惧或焦急）; 发狂的; 发疯的: * The child's parents were frantic when she did not return home on time. 那孩子没有按时回家, 她父母都要急疯了. * frantic with worry, anger, grief, etc 愁得要命、 气得要死、 悲痛欲绝. 2hurried and excited but disorganized; frenzied; desperate慌乱不安的; 狂乱的; 疯狂的; 令人绝望的; 不顾一切的: * a frantic dash, rush, search, etc 疯狂的撞击、 冲击、 搜查等 * frantic activity 不顾一切的行动. > frantically[-klI; -klI/ adv: * shouting frantically for help 狂呼求救.

fraternal
[frE'tE:nl; frE'tEnl] adj (esp rhet 尤作修辞) of a brother or brothers; brotherly or friendly 兄弟的; 兄弟般的; 友好的: * fraternal love 手足之情 * fraternal greetings from fellow trade-unionists 同行业工会会员的友好问候. > fraternally[-nEli; -nli] adv.

fraternity
[frE'tE:nEti; frE'tEnEti] n 1 [U] brotherly feeling; brotherhood 兄弟般的感情; 手足之情: * There is a strong spirit of fraternity among these isolated people. 这些与世隔绝的人之间有强烈的兄弟般的情谊. 2 [CGp] group of people sharing the same profession or common interests or beliefs 有相同的职业、 共同的爱好或信仰的群体; 同人; 同好: * the medical, banking, teaching, etc fraternity 医务界、 银行界、 教育界等同人 * the racing fraternity 赛马界同好 * the religious fraternity of St Benedict 本笃会的教友. 3 [C] (US) group of male students at a university who form a social club 组成社团的大学男生群体. Cf 参看 sorority.

fraternize, fraternise
[5frAtEnaiz; 5frAtl7naiz] v [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb) become friendly with enemy soldiers, or with civilians of a former enemy country （与敌军士兵、 原敌国百姓）建立友谊: * Soldiers who fraternize with the enemy will be punished. 亲敌的士兵将受到惩罚. * Army personnel are often forbidden to fraternize with the civilian population. 军职人员常被禁止与平民百姓友好往来. > fraternization, -isation[7frAtEnai'zeiFn; - -ni'z-;7frAtlni'zeFEn] n [U].

fratricide
[5frAtrisaid; 5frAtrE7said] n (a) [U] crime ofkilling one's brother or sister 杀害兄弟或姐妹罪. (b) [C]person who has done this 杀害兄弟或姐妹的人. > fratricidal[7frAtri5saidl; 5frAtri5saidEl] adj.

fraud
[frC:d; frCd] n 1 [C, U] (act of) deceiving sb illegally in order to make money or obtain goods 欺骗（行为）; 诈骗: * found guilty of fraud 被裁定诈骗罪成立 * Thousands of frauds are committed every year. 每年有数以千计的诈骗案. 2 [C] person who deceives others by pretending to have abilities, skills, etc that he does not really have; impostor 骗子; 冒名顶替者: * This woman is a fraud she has no medical qualifications at all. 这女人是个骗子--她根本没有行医的资格. 派生： fraudulent[5frC:djulEnt; - -dVu-; 5frCdVElEnt] adj 1 deceitful or dishonest 欺骗的; 诈骗的; 不诚实的; 不老实的: * a fraudulent display of sympathy 假惺惺的同情. 2 obtained or done by fraud; involving fraud 骗得的; 骗来的; 涉及欺骗的: * fraudulent applications for shares (ie type of investment) in the new company 以欺骗手段申请新公司的股票. fraudulence[5frC:djulEns; - -dVu-; 5frCdVElEns] n [U]. fraudulently[5frC:djulEntli; --dVu-; 5frCdVElEntli] adv.

fraught
[frC:t; frCt] adj 1 [pred 作表语] ~ with sth filled with sth; charged with sth 充满某事物; 注入某事物: * a situation fraught with danger 充满危险的情况 * a silence fraught with meaning 意义无穷的沉默. 2 worried or anxious; worrying 担心的; 烦恼的; 焦虑的; 令人忧虑的: * There's no need to look so fraught! 用不着那麽愁眉苦脸的. * Next week will be particularly fraught as we've just lost our secretary. 我们的秘书刚刚辞职, 下星期特别令人担心.

fray
1[frei; fre] n the fray [sing] (rhet or joc 修辞或谑) fight, contest or argument; lively or challenging action 打斗; 争吵; 争辩; 刺激的或挑战的行为: * ready/eager for the fray 急欲争斗 * enter/join the fray, ie take part in a fight, quarrel, etc 参与打架、 争吵等.

frazzle
[5frAzl; 5frAzl] n (idm 习语) beaten, burnt, worn, etc to a `frazzle completely beaten, burnt, exhausted, etc 被打得一败涂地; 被烧成灰烬; 精疲力竭.

freak
1[fri:k; frik] n 1 (infml derog 口, 贬) person considered abnormal because of his behaviour, appearance, ideas, etc （因行为、 相貌、 思想等而被看作）不正常的人: * People think she's a freak just because she's religious. 就因为她信教, 人们就把她当成怪人. 2 (infml 口) person with a specified interest or obsession; fan 有特别兴趣或着迷的人; 迷: * health/health-food freaks 对健康[保健食品]着迷的人 * a jazz freak 爵士乐迷 * an acid freak, ie sb addicted to the drug LSD 有迷幻药瘾的人. 3 very unusual event or action 极不寻常的事或行为: * By some freak (of chance) I was overpaid this month. 真稀奇, 这个月多给我钱了. * [attrib 作定语] a freak accident, storm, etc 反常的事故、 暴风雨等. 4 (also ,freak of `nature) person, animal or plant that is abnormal in form 畸形的人、 动物或植物. 派生： freakish adj unusual or abnormal; strange 不寻常的; 不正常的; 反常的; 奇怪的; 奇异的: freakish weather 反常的天气 * freakish behaviour 奇怪的行为. freakishly adv. freakishness n [U]. freaky adj unusual; weird; freakish 不寻常的; 不自然的; 怪诞的; 不正常的; 奇怪的; 奇异的.

freckle
[5frekl; 5frekl] n (usu pl 通常作复数) one of the small light-brown spots on the human skin 雀斑; 斑点: * Ann's face and back are covered with freckles. 安的脸上和背上长满了雀斑. Cf 参看 mole1. 派生： freckle v [I, Tn] (cause skin to) become covered with freckles （使皮肤）生产斑或斑点: Do you freckle easily? 你容易长雀斑吗? * the boy's freckled arms 那男孩子长了雀斑的手臂.

free
1[fri:; fri] adj (freer/fri:E(r); 5fril] , freest/fri:ist;'friist] ) 1 (a) (of a person) not a slave or prisoner; allowed to move where one wants; having physical freedom （指人）（非奴隶或囚犯）自由的, 有人身自由的, 行动自由的: * After ten years in prison, he was a free man again. 他坐了十年监狱, 又成了自由人. * The convicts were pardoned and set free. 那些囚犯获赦释放. * The driver had to be cut free from the wreckage of his car. 破开了汽车残骸才把司机解救出来. (b) (of an animal) not kept in a cage or tied up; able to move at will （指动物）不关在笼子里的, 不被栓住的, 可任意行动的: * In nature, all animals are wild and free. 在自然界, 一切动物都是野生的, 自由自在的. * The dog was chained, so how did it get free? 狗拴着 子, 是怎麽挣脱开的呢? * An escaped tiger is roaming free in the town. 有一只老虎跑出, 正在城里东逃西窜. 2 not fixed or held down; loose 不固定的; 不受牵制的; 松弛的: * the free end of the rope 绳索松着的一端 * Let the rope run free. 把绳子放开. * One of the wheels of the cart has worked (itself) free. 马车的一个轮子松了. 3 clear; not blocked; unrestricted 通畅的; 无阻碍的; 不受限制的; 不受约束的: * Is the way/passage free? 道路[通道]畅通吗? * A free flow of water came from the pipe. 水从管道里通畅地流了出来. * The streets have been swept free of leaves. 街上的落叶已打扫乾净. 4 (of a country, its citizens and institutions) not controlled by a foreign government or the state itself （指国家及其公民和机关）不受外国政府或本国控制的, 自主的, 自由的: * This is a free country I can say what I like. 这是个自由的国家--我爱说什麽就可以说什麽. * We might have a free press, but that doesn't mean all reporting is true and accurate. 我们即使有新闻自由, 也并不意味着一切报道都真实可信、 准确无误.

free1
5 ~ (to do sth) not controlled or restricted (by rules or conventions); permitted to do sth 不受（规章或习俗）控制的, 许可做某事物的: * free movement of workers within the European Community 在欧洲共同体内部工人的自由流动 * free access to secret information 对机密资料的自由接触 * You are free to come and go as you please. 你来去自便. * She's a free spirit, ie a person not hampered by convention. 她是个无拘无束的人. 6 [pred 作表语] ~ from/of sth (a) not harmed by sth dangerous; not spoilt by sth unpleasant 不受某危险事物伤害; 不受某不愉快事物影响: * free from harm, prejudice, pain 不受伤害、 无偏见、 无痛苦 * free of weeds, contamination, pollution, etc 无杂草、 传染、 污染等. (b) not subject to certain rules, etc; unrestricted by sth 不受某规章等约束的; 不受某事物阻碍的: * a holiday free from all responsibilities 摆脱一切责任的假期. 7 (a) costing nothing 免费的: * free tickets for the theatre 免费的戏票 * Admission is free. 免费入场. * a free sample 免费样品. (b) [pred 作表语] ~ (of sth) not including, or not requiring, a specified payment, usu of tax or duty 免税: * a payment of 30000 free of tax 30000英镑的免税付款 * Delivery is free (of charge) if goods are paid for in advance. 如预付货款就可免费送货. 8 (a) (of a place) not occupied or being used; (of a time) not engaged or booked （指地方或时间）未占用的, 空着的, 闲着的: * Is that seat free? 那座位有人吗? * The bathroom's free now. 洗澡间现在空着. * Is there a time when the conference room is free? 会议室有空着的时候吗? * Friday afternoons are left free for revision. 留出星期五下午的时间做复习. (b) (of a person) without engagements or things to do; not busy （指人）有空的, 闲着的: * I'm usually free in the afternoon. 我通常下午有空.

free2
* Are you free for lunch? 你有空儿去吃午饭吗? 9 [pred 作表语] ~ with sth giving sth easily and readily; generous with sth 大方; 慷慨: * He is very free with his time, ie gives it willingly. 他毫不吝惜自己的时间. * He's a bit too free with his compliments. 他有点太爱恭维人. 10 (derog 贬) uncontrolled, often to the point of rudeness; too familiar 不约束的; 放肆的; 过於亲密的: * I don't like him he is too free in his language and manner. 我不喜欢他--他的言行太放肆. 11 (of a translation) expressing the meaning of the original loosely, not exactly （指译文）不拘泥原文的, 不确切的. Cf 参看 literal 1a. 12 (chemistry 化) not combined with another element 未与其他元素化合的; 游离的: * free hydrogen 游离氢. 13 (idm 习语) feel free => feel1. (get sth) for `free without payment being required; for nothing 不要钱的; 白给的: * I got this ticket for free from sb who didn't want it. 我这张票没花钱, 是别人不要的. free and `easy informal; relaxed 不拘束的; 不拘礼的; 轻松的: * The atmosphere in the office is quite free and easy. 办公室的气氛很轻松. free on `board/`rail (of goods) without charge for delivery to a ship/train （指货物）船[火车]上交货（价格）. get, have, etc a free `hand get, have, etc permission or an opportunity to do what one chooses and make one's own decisions, esp in a job 有自主权（尤指工作上）: * My boss has given me a free hand in deciding which outside contractor to use. 老板已经给了我自主权, 让我决定用哪家承包商. give, allow, etc free `play/`rein to sb/sth give, etc complete freedom of movement or expression to sb/sth 给予...某人[某事物]行动或表达上的充分自由: * In this picture the artist certainly allowed his imagination free rein. 艺术家在这幅画里任其想像力尽情奔驰. have one's hands free/tied => hand1. make sb free of sth allow sb full use or enjoyment of sth 允许某人充分利用或享受某物; 随意使用:

free3
* He kindly made me free of his library for my research. 他热情地让我随意使用他的书房做研究工作. of one's own free will without being ordered or forced 非强迫的; 自愿的: * I came here of my own free will. 我是自愿到这里来的. 派生： free adv 1 without cost or payment; freely 无偿地; 免费地: Children under five usually travel free on trains. 五岁以下的儿童乘火车通常免费. 2 (idm 习语) make free with sb/sth treat sb/sth casually and without proper respect; use sth as if it belongs to oneself 对待某人[某事物]随便而不尊重; 任意使用他人之物: He made free with all his girl-friend's money. 他随便花女朋友的钱. freely[5fri:li; 5frili] adv 1 without any obstruction; in an unrestricted or uncontrolled manner 自由地; 毫无妨碍地; 不受阻挡地; 不受控制地; 无拘无束地: * Water flowed freely from the pipe. 水从管道里通畅地流了出来. * drugs that are freely available 可随时买到的药物. 2 in an open and honest manner 开诚布公地; 坦诚地; 坦率地: * It may require courage to speak freely. 要有勇气才能直言不讳. 3 willingly; readily 心甘情愿地; 自愿地: * I freely admit that I made a mistake. 我欣然承认我犯了个错误. 4 in a generous and willing manner 大方地; 慷慨地; 爽快地: * Millions of people gave freely in response to the famine appeal. 千百万人响应救灾呼吁而慷慨解囊. 复合： free `agent someone able to act as he pleases, because he is not responsible to anyone 可以按自己意愿行事的人: I wish I were a free agent, but my contract binds me for three more years. 我要是不受约束就好了, 可是我的合同还要约束我叁年. ,free associ`ation (psychology 心) method of analysis in which a person says the first word that comes to his mind in response to one spoken by the analyst 自由联想. ,Free `Church Church that does not follow the teaching or practices of established Churches such as the Roman Catholic or Anglican Church 独立教会.

free4
,free `enterprise operation of business and trade without government control 自由企业. ,free `fall 1 movement through air or space under the force of gravity alone 自由降落. 2 part of a parachute jump before the parachute opens 降落伞张开前的降落. `Freefone n [U] (Brit) system in which the person making a telephone call does not pay for the cost of the call 免费通话（打电话者不必付费的通话方式）: Ring the operator and ask for Freefone 8921. 接通接线生, 然後要免费通话8921号. `free-for-all n noisy fight or argument in which anyone present may join 在场者都可参加的争吵或辩论. `free-hand adj, adv (done) by hand, without the use of an instrument, eg a ruler or compass 徒手（做）（的）（不使用仪器）: a free-hand sketch 手画的略图 * sketched free-hand 徒手画略图. ,free-`handed adj generous, esp in spending or giving money 慷慨的（尤指花钱或给钱）; 出手大方的. `freehold n, adj (law 律) (having) complete ownership of property for an unlimited period of time 财产的完全保有（的）. Cf 参看 leasehold (lease). `freeholder n person who owns land freehold 地产的完全保有者. `free house (Brit) public house or inn not controlled by a brewery and therefore able to sell more than one brand of beer, etc （不受酿酒厂约束的）出售多种啤酒等的酒馆. Cf 参看 tied house (tie2). ,free `kick (in football) kick taken without interference, as a penalty against the opposing team （足球）罚任意球. `free lance/la:ns; - lAns; 5lAns] (also freelancer) n independent artist, writer, etc who earns his living by selling work to several employers （靠出卖作品为生的）自由艺术家、 作家等: * [attrib 作定语] free-lance journalism自由新闻工作. `free-lance v [I]: I've free-lanced for several years. 我做自由撰稿人已有几年了. free-`living adj living for the pleasures of

free5
(esp) food and drink 沉溺於（尤指）吃喝享受的. free-`liver n. free-`load v [I] (infml 口 esp US) take advantage of free food and lodging, etc without giving anything in return; sponge 占便宜; 揩油. free-`loader n person who free-loads; sponger 爱占便宜的人; 揩油的人. ,free `love (dated 旧) agreed sexual relations without marriage 自由性爱. freeman n 1[-mAn; -mAn] person who is not a slave 自由人（非奴隶）. 2[-mEn; -mEn] person who has been given the freedom(5) of a city 荣誉市民: * made a freeman of the City of London 被授予伦敦荣誉市民称号. `free port port open to all traders, with no restrictions, taxes or import duties 自由港. `Freepost n [U] (Brit) system in which postage costs are paid by the receiver (usu a business company) 免费邮递（由收信人, 通常为厂商, 付邮资的方式）: Reply to Publicity Department, FREEPOST, Oxford University Press, Oxford. 回信免费邮寄至牛津牛津大学出版社宣传部. ,free-`range adj [attrib 作定语] produced by hens that are kept in natural conditions rather than in a battery(4) 放养的母玾产的: ,free-range `eggs 放养的母玾产的蛋. ,free `speech right to express (in public) opinions of any kind 言论自由. ,free-`standing adj not supported by or fixed to anything 无支撑物的; 不固於某物上的: a ,free-`standing sculpture 独立的雕塑. `free-style n [U] 1 (a) swimming race in which any stroke may be used 自由泳比赛（可采用任何姿势）. (b) type of swimming stroke, usu the crawl(n 2) 自由泳（通常指爬泳）. 2 type of wrestling with few restrictions on the holds permitted （摔角）自由式. ,free-`thinker n person who forms ideas independently of generally accepted religious teachings 自由思想者. ,free-`thinking adj. ,free `trade (system in which) trade is carried on between countries without import restrictions, eg tax and duty 自由贸易; 自由贸易制度.

free6
,free `verse poetry without a regular rhythm or rhyme 自由诗（无固定韵律的诗）. ,free `vote vote in parliament in which members do not have to follow party policy 自由投票（议员无须遵循党派的方针而进行的议会内投票）. `freeway n (US) = motorway (motor). =>Usage at road 用法见road. ,free `wheel (rear) wheel on a bicycle that continues to revolve when the pedals are not in use （自行车的）飞轮. ,free-`wheel v [I] 1 travel, usu downhill, by riding a bicycle without pedalling or driving a car without using engine power （自行车或汽车）滑行. 2 move or act freely or irresponsibly 自由地、 不须负责地活动或行动: I think I'll just free-wheel this summer and see what happens. 我打算今年夏天尽情放任一下再说. ,free `will 1 ability to decide one's own course of action 决定个人行动方针的能力; 自觉自愿: I did it of my own free will, ie acting voluntarily. 那是我自愿做的. 2 (belief in the) power to decide a course of action independently of God or fate 自由意志（不依靠上帝或命运而采取行动的决断力）; 自由意志论. ,free-`will adj voluntary 自愿的: a ,free-will `offering 自愿的提供.

freebie
[5fri:bi:; 5fribi] n (infml 口 esp US) thing given away free 免费的物品; 赠品: * I got these mugs as freebies at the supermarket. 我这些缸子是超级市场给的赠品.

freedom
[5fri:dEm; 5fridEm] n 1 [U] condition of being free; state of not being a prisoner or slave 自由: * After 10 years in prison, he was given his freedom. 他坐了10年监狱以後又得到了自由. 2 (a) [U, C] ~ (of sth) right (esp political) to act, speak, etc as one pleases without interference （随意行动、 讲话等的, 尤指政治的）自由权: * freedom of speech, thought, worship, etc 言论、 思想、 礼拜等的自由权 * press freedom 出版自由 * preserve the freedoms of the trade-union movement 保护工会运动的自由权. (b) [U] ~ (of sth); ~ (to do sth) state of being unrestricted in one's actions; liberty 个人的行动自主; 自由: * freedom of action, choice, decision, etc 行动、 选择、 决定等的自由 * He enjoyed complete freedom to do as he wished. 他享有完全按照自己的意愿行事的自由. 3 [U] ~ from sth state of being without or not affected by the thing specified 无某事物的情况; 不受某事物影响的状态: * freedom from fear, pain, hunger, etc 无恐惧、 痛苦、 饥饿等. 4 [sing] the ~ of sth unrestricted use of sth 随意使用某物的权利: * I gave him the freedom of my house and belongings. 我让他随便使用我的房子和东西. 5 (idm 习语) give, etc sb his `freedom agree to a divorce; allow one's husband/wife to leave without opposing him/her legally 同意离婚; 给予自由身分（允许丈夫[妻子]离去而不依法追究）: * It seems foolish not to give Ann her freedom, if that's what she really wants. 安要是真想离婚的话, 不同意她离就太蠢了. give sb, receive, etc the freedom of the `city give, etc special rights of citizenship, esp as an honour for public services 授予荣誉市民权. 复合： `freedom fighter person belonging to a group that use violent means to overthrow the government and achieve the independence of their country 自由战士（用暴力推翻政府以使自己的国家独立的人）.

Freemason
[5fri:meisn; 5fri7mesn] n member of an international secret society with the aims of offering mutual help and developing friendly relations among its members 共济会会员（旨在互相帮助、 发展会员间友好关系的国际秘密组织的成员）. 派生： Freemasonry n [U] 1 system, practices and rites of the Freemasons 共济会的制度、 活动及仪式. 2 freemasonry natural sympathy and unspoken understanding between people sharing similar interests 谅解; 默契: the freemasonry of TV reporters, professional photographers, etc 电视记者、 职业摄影师等的默契.

freesia
[5fri:ziE; - 'fri:V-; 5friViE] n plant with fragrant yellow, pink, or white flowers 小苍兰（开黄色、 粉色或白色花, 味香）.

freeze
[fri:z; friz] v (pt froze/frEuz; froz] , pp frozen/ 5frEUzn; `frozn/) 1 [I, Tn] (esp of water) change or be changed from liquid to solid by extreme cold （尤指水）结冰; 凝固: * Water freezes at 0C. 水在0C时结冰. * The severe cold froze the pond. 天气寒冷池塘结了冰. Cf 参看 thaw. =>Usage at water1 用法见water1. 2 [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (up) (cause sth to) become full of ice or hardened with ice （使某物）结满冰或由於结冰变硬: * The land itself freezes (up) in such low temperatures. 温度这麽低, 地都冻硬了. * Our (water) pipes froze (up) (ie were blocked with ice) last winter. 去年冬天, 我们的（水）管子冻了. * The clothes were frozen on the washing-line. 衣服在晾衣绳上冻住了. 3 [I] (used with it 与it连用) (of weather) be so cold that water turns to ice; be extremely cold （指天气）冷得使水结成冰, 严寒: * It's freezing outside! 外面冷极了! * It may freeze tonight, so make sure the plants are covered. 今晚大概会有霜冻, 一定要把花草都遮盖好. 4 [I, Tn only passive 只用於被动语态] (cause a person or an animal to) be or feel very cold; (cause to) die from cold （使人或动物）冷或觉得很冷; （使）冻死: * Shut the window I'm freezing! 关上窗户--我冷极了! * Two men froze to death/were frozen to death on the mountain. 有两个人在山上冻死了. 5 [I, Tn] (of food, etc) be able to be preserved by being stored at a temperature below freezing-point; preserve (food, etc), in this way （指食物等）能冷冻储藏; 冷藏（食物等）: * Some fruits don't freeze well at all. 有些水果根本就不能冷藏. * I'll buy extra meat and just freeze it. 我要多买些肉冷藏起来. * Strawberries don't taste nice if they've been frozen. 草莓若冷冻就不好吃了. * a packet of frozen peas 一包冷藏豌豆. 6 [I, Tn] (cause a person or an animal to) stop suddenly; make or become unable to move, speak, or act, because of fear, shock, etc （使人或动物）突然停住; （因恐惧、 震惊等）使得或变得不能活动、 说话或行动; 惊呆; 吓呆:

freeze1
* Ann froze with terror as the door opened silently. 门一声不响地开了, 把安吓呆了. * The sudden bang froze us in our tracks. 突然砰的一响, 顿时把我们惊呆了. 7 [Tn] hold (wages, prices, etc) at a fixed level officially for a period of time 稳定（工资、 物价等）: * freeze wages, prices, fares, etc 稳定工资、 物价、 车费等. 8 [Tn] not allow (money or assets) to be used or exchanged, usu by government order 冻结（钱或资产）: * freeze a society's funds 冻结一团体的基金 * frozen assets 被冻结的资产. 9 (idm 习语) freeze one's blood/make one's blood freeze fill one with feelings of fear and horror 使充满害怕、 恐怖的感觉: * The sight of the masked gunman made my blood freeze. 我一看见那个持枪的蒙面人就吓得浑身冰凉. 10 (phr v) freeze sb out (infml 口) exclude sb from business or from society by harsh competition or unfriendly behaviour （以残酷的竞争或敌意的态度）将某人（从生意或团体中）逼走, 挤走: * Small shops are being frozen out by the big supermarkets. 小 子都要让大超级市场给挤垮了. freeze (sth) over (usu passive 通常用於被动语态) (cause sth to) become covered by ice （使某物）被冰封住: * The lake was frozen over until late spring. 那湖全让冰封住了, 到晚春才解冻. freeze (sth) up (usu passive 通常用於被动语态) freeze (sth) so as to prevent normal use 冻住（某物）（以至妨碍正常使用）: * The window has frozen up and I can't open it. 窗户给冻上了, 我打不开. 派生： freeze n 1 (also `freeze-up) period of weather during which temperatures are below freezing-point 冰冻期; 严寒期: last year's big freeze 去年的严寒期 * After the last freeze-up we put insulation round the pipes. 我们在上个冰冻期之後把管道用保温材料裹上了. 2 official fixing of wages, prices, etc for a period of time （官方对工资、 物价等的）冻结: a wage/price freeze 工资[物价]冻结.

freeze2
复合： `freeze-dry v (pt, pp -dried) [Tn] preserve (esp food) by freezing and then drying it in a vacuum 冷冻乾燥保存（尤指食物）. `freezing-point (also freezing) n [U] temperature at which a liquid, esp water, freezes 冰点; 凝固点: The freezing-point of water is 0C. 水的冰点是0C. * Tonight the temperature will fall to 3 degrees below freezing. 今夜的温度将降至冰点下3度. =>App 5 见附录5.

freezer
[5fri:zE(r); 5frizl] n 1 (also ,deep `freeze) large refrigerator or room in which food is stored for a long time at a temperature below freezing point 冰柜; 冷藏室. 2 small compartment in a refrigerator for freezing ice and storing frozen food （冰箱里的）冷冻室.

freight
[freit; fret] n [U] goods transported by ships, aeroplanes, or trains （水运、 空运、 陆运的）货物: * send goods by air freight 空运发货. =>Usage at cargo 用法见cargo. 派生： freight v 1 [Tn] transport (merchandise) as freight 运送（货物）. 2 [Tn.pr] ~ sth with sth load (a ship, etc) with freight 装货於（船等）: a barge freighted with bananas 载着香蕉的驳船. freighter n ship or aircraft that carries mainly freight 货船; 运输机. 复合： freight car (US) = wagon 2. `freightliner n (also liner train, liner) fast train carrying goods in special large containers that can be loaded and unloaded quickly and easily 集装箱列车; 货柜列车. `freight train (US) (Brit goods train) train that carries goods only 货运列车.

French
[frentF; frentF] n 1 the French [pl v] the people who live in France 法国人: * The French are renowned for their cooking. 法国人擅长烹饪. 2 [U] language spoken in France and parts of Belgium, Switzerland, and Canada 法语: * French is a Romance language. 法语是罗曼语. 3 (idm 习语) excuse/pardon my `French (infml euph 口, 婉) excuse the swear-words I shall use 原谅我要说骂人的话了: * Excuse my French, but he's a bloody nuisance! 别怪我骂人, 可他实在太不是东西! take French `leave leave one's work, duty, etc without permission 未经允许而脱离工作、 岗位等; 擅离职守; 不辞而别. 派生： French adj of France, its people or its language 法国的; 法国人的; 法国语的: the French countryside 法国的乡村. 复合： ,French `bean kidney or haricot bean, the pod and seeds of which are eaten as a vegetable 菜豆. ,French Ca`nadian Canadian whose native language is French 以法语为母语的加拿大人. ,French `chalk finely powdered talc, used as a marker, dry lubricant, etc 滑石粉. ,French `dressing salad dressing of seasoned oil and vinegar 油和醋调成的色拉调料. ,French `fry (esp US) = chip1 3. ,French `horn brass wind instrument with a long tube coiled in a circle and a wide bell 法国号（一种铜管乐器）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page x. ,French `letter (infml 口 esp Brit) contraceptive sheath; condom 避孕套; 阴茎套. ,French `loaf (also ,French `bread) long thin loaf of crusty white bread 法国面包（长条状的）. =>illus at bread 见bread插图. `Frenchman n (pl -men[-mEn; -mEn] ) man of French birth or nationality 法国男人. ,French `polish varnish consisting of shellac and alcohol, painted onto wood to give a hard shiny surface 罩光漆. French-polish v [Tn] treat (wood) with French polish 给（木材）涂罩光漆. ,French `seam seam on a garment, etc with the raw edges turned and sewn under 法式线缝; 来去线缝.

French1
,French `window (US also ,French `door) one of a pair of doors with long glass panes, usu opening onto a garden or balcony 落地窗（通常为通向花园或阳台的）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page vii. `Frenchwoman n (pl -women[-wimin; -7wimin] ) woman of French birth or nationality 法国女子.

frenetic
(also phrenetic)[frE'netik; frE'netik] adj very excited; frenzied; frantic 非常激动的; 狂乱的; 发狂的: * frenetic activity 疯狂的活动. > frenetically[-kli; -kli] adv.

frenzy
[5frenzi; 5frenzi] n [sing, U] state of extreme excitement; extreme and wild activity or behaviour 极度激动的状态; 极度狂乱的活动或行为: * in a frenzy of zeal, enthusiasm, hate, etc 疯狂的激情、 热情、 仇恨等 * The speaker worked the crowd up into a (state of) frenzy. 演讲者煽动起群众疯狂的情绪. 派生： frenzied[5frenzid; 5frenzid] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] wildly excited or agitated; frantic 狂乱的; 狂躁的; 发狂的: * The dog jumped at the intruder with frenzied barks. 那狗狂吠着跳起扑向闯进来的人. * the mob's frenzied attack 暴徒的疯狂攻击. frenziedly adv.

frequent
1[5fri:kwEnt; 5frikwEnt] adj happening often; habitual 时常发生的; 惯常的: * the car manufacturer's frequent changes of models 汽车制造厂产品型号的经常变换 * His visits became less frequent as time passed. 他渐渐地不常登门了. 派生： frequently adv often 时常; 经常: Buses run frequently from the city to the airport. 公共汽车频繁地从城市驶往机场.

fresco
[5freskEu; 5fresko] n (pl ~s or ~es[-kEuz;-koz] ) picture painted in water-colour on a wall or ceiling before the plaster is dry （墙壁或天花板未乾时绘制的）壁画: * The frescos in the Sistine Chapel are world-famous. 西斯廷教堂的壁画举世闻名.

fresh
[freF; freF] adj (-er, -est) 1 (a) [usu attrib 通常作定语] new or different 新的; 不同的: * fresh evidence 新的证据 * a fresh piece of paper 另一张纸 * make a fresh start 重新开始 * fresh problems 新问题 * a fresh approach (ie one that is original in a lively and attractive way) to the difficulty 解决困难的别开生面的方法. (b) made, obtained or experienced recently and not changed 新做的; 新得到的; 刚经历的: * fresh tracks in the snow 雪地上的新痕迹 * Their memories of the wedding are still fresh in their minds. 他们至今对婚礼仍记忆犹新. 2 (a) (usu of food) newly made, produced, gathered, etc; not stale （通常指食物）新做的, 新出的, 新采的, 新鲜的: * fresh bread, ie just baked 新烤的面包 * fresh flowers, eggs, milk, etc 新鲜的花、 蛋、 奶等. (b) (of food) not preserved in tins, with salt or by freezing （指食物）鲜的, 非罐头的, 未加盐的, 未冷冻的: * fresh vegetables, fruit, meat, etc 鲜的蔬菜、 水果、 肉等. 3 (of clothes) not already used or worn; clean （指衣服）未经穿用的, 清洁的: * put on some fresh clothes 穿几件新衣服. 4 (of water) not salty, stale or bitter; not sea water （指水）不咸的, 不腐的, 不苦的, 淡的. 5 (a) (of the air) clean and refreshing; pure （指空气）清洁的, 清新的, 纯净的: * Open the window and let in some fresh air. 打开窗户放进些新鲜空气. * play in the fresh air, ie outside 在户外玩耍. (b) (of weather) rather cold and windy; (of the wind) cool and fairly strong （指天气）冷而有风的; （指风）凉飕飕的: * It's a bit fresh this morning, isn't it? 今天早晨有点儿凉丝丝的吧? 6 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (a) (of colours) clear and bright; unfaded （指颜色）鲜明的, 鲜艳的, 未褪色的: * fresh colours in these old prints 旧印刷物上的鲜艳色彩. (b) (of skin) clear and healthy （指皮肤）白净健康的: * a fresh complexion 气色好的面容.

fresh1
7 (of paint) just applied （指油漆）刚上的, 未乾的: * Fresh paint please do not touch. 油漆未乾--请勿触摸. 8 [usu pred 通常作表语] having renewed strength; refreshed and ready to tackle work, etc 又有活力; 又精神饱满: * I feel really fresh after my holiday. 我度假之後真觉得又精神饱满了. 9 [pred 作表语] ~ from/out of sth having just come from (a place) or having just had (a particular experience); straight from sth 刚从（某地）来; 刚有过（某一经历）; 直接来自某事物: * students fresh from college 刚从学校毕业的学生. 10 [pred 作表语] ~ (with sb) (infml 口) too forward in behaviour or speech, esp in a sexual manner, with a person of the opposite sex （言行）过於卤莽（尤指对异性）, 无礼, 放肆: * He then started to get fresh with me. 他於是对我放肆起来. 11 (idm 习语) break fresh/new ground => ground1. a breath of fresh air => breath. (as) fresh as a `daisy vigorous and lively or attractive, esp in a clean fresh way 生动活泼的, 有吸引力的（尤指以新的方式）. new/fresh blood => blood1. 派生： fresh adv (idm 习语) fresh out of sth (infml 口 esp US) having just used all one's supplies of sth 刚刚（将储备的某物）用尽: We're fresh out of eggs. 我们刚把所有的鸡蛋都吃光了. fresh- (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) newly; just 新近的; 刚刚的: fresh-baked bread * fresh-cut flowers. fresher n (Brit infml 口) student in his/her first year at university or college 大学或学院一年级学生. freshly adv (usu followed by past participles 通常後接过去分词) recently; newly 新近; 刚刚: freshly picked strawberries 新摘的草莓 * freshly laid eggs 刚生的蛋. freshness n [U]. 复合： `freshman[-mEn; -mEn] n (pl -men[-mEn; -mEn] ) (US) student in his/her first year at college, high school or university 大学、 学院或中学一年级的学生. `freshwater adj [attrib 作定语] from, of, living in or containing fresh (not salty or sea) water 来自淡水的; 淡水的; 生活於淡水的; 含淡水的: freshwater fish 淡水鱼

fresh2
* freshwater lakes 淡水湖. Cf 参看 saltwater (salt).

freshen
[5freFn; 5freFEn] v 1 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) make sth fresh 使某物新鲜: * A good clean will really freshen (up) the house. 好好收拾一下的确会使房子焕然一新. 2 [I] (of the wind) become strong and cool （指风）变得强而凉, 变得凉飕飕. 3 [Tn] (US) add (more liquid, esp alcohol) to a drink （往饮料中）添加（液体, 尤指酒）: * Can I freshen your drink? 我再给你添些酒好吗? 4 (phr v) freshen (oneself) up wash and make (oneself) look clean and tidy after a journey, before a meeting, etc （为自己）梳洗: * I'll just go and freshen (myself) up before the interview. 我这就去梳洗打扮一番再去会面. 派生： freshener[5freFnE(r); 5freFEnl] n thing that freshens sth 使某物变得清新之物: * an `air-freshener 空气清新剂[器].

fret
1[fret; fret] v (-tt-) 1 [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (about/at/over sth) (cause sb to) become unhappy, bad-tempered, or anxious about sth; worry （使某人）不愉快, 烦躁, 焦急, 发愁, 担心: * Don't fret, we'll get there on time. 别着急, 我们能准时到那里. * Fretting about it won't help. 发愁於事无补. * Babies often fret (themselves) when their mothers are not near. 婴儿常常因母亲不在身边而哭闹. 2 [Tn] wear (sth) away by rubbing or biting 磨损, 咬坏（某物）: * a horse fretting its bit 咬嚼子的马 * a fretted rope 磨损的绳子. 派生： fret n [sing] state of irritation, worry 烦躁; 担忧: be in a fret 担忧. fretful[-fl; -fEl] adj irritable or complaining, esp because unhappy or worried 烦躁的, 发牢骚的（尤指因不愉快或烦恼）: * a fretful child 烦躁的孩子. fretfully adv.

Freudian
[5frCidiEn; 5frCidiEn] adj of or related to the theories of the Austrian psychiatrist Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) about the working of the human mind, esp his theories about subconscious sexual ideas or feelings （奥地利心理学家）弗洛伊德学说的, 与弗洛伊德学说有关的（尤指对性的潜在的意识或感觉的理论）. 复合： ,Freudian `slip comment made accidentally by a speaker instead of what was originally intended, but which is considered to reveal his true thoughts 走嘴, 溜嘴（不留神而吐露的真心话）.

Fri
abbr 缩写 = Friday: Fri 7 March 3月7日星期五.

friable
[5fraiEbl; 5fraiEbl] adj (fml 文) easily broken up or crumbled 易破的; 易碎的; 脆的: * friable soil 松土. > friability[7fraiE'bilEti; 7fraiE'bilEti] n [U].

friar
[5fraiE(r); 5frail] n man who is a member of one of certain Roman Catholic religious orders, and who works with people in the outside world rather than living in retreat 托 修士. Cf 参看 monk. 派生： friary[5fraiEri; 5fraiEri] n building in which friars live 男修道院.

fricassee
[5frikEsi:; 7frikE'si] n [C, U] dish of pieces of cooked meat or poultry served in a thick white sauce 烹制後浇白色浓汁的肉块、 鸡块等: * chicken fricassee 白汁鸡块.

fricative
[5frikEtiv; 5frikEtiv] n, adj (consonant) made by forcing air through an opening made narrow by bringing the tongue or lips near to another part of the mouth 由摩擦产生的（辅音）: * / f, v, W/ are fricatives./f/、 /v/、 /W/是摩擦辅音.

friction
[5frikFn; 5frikFEn] n 1 [U] (a) rubbing of one surface or thing against another 摩擦: * Friction between two sticks can create a fire. 两个棍棒相互摩擦能起火. (b) resistance of one surface to another surface or substance that moves over it 摩擦力: * The force of friction affects the speed at which spacecraft can re-enter the earth's atmosphere. 摩擦力能影响航天器返回地球大气层的速度. 2 [U, C] disagreement or conflict between people or parties with different views 人或党派之间不同观点的矛盾或冲突: * There is a great deal of friction between the management and the work force. 劳资双方之间存在大量矛盾. * conflicts and frictions that have still to be resolved 仍须解决的冲突和摩擦.

Friday
[5fraidi; 5fraidi] n [U, C] (abbr 缩写 Fri) the sixth day of the week, next after Thursday 星期五. For the uses of Friday see the examples at Monday. 关於Friday的用法见Monday词条中的示例.

fridge
[fridV; fridV] n (infml 口) refrigerator 冰箱. 复合： ,fridge-`freezer n upright unit containing separate refrigerator and freezer compartments （冷藏室和冷冻室分开的）立式冰箱.

fried
pt, pp of fry.

friend
[frend; frend] n 1 person one knows and likes, but who is not a relation 朋友: * He's my friend. 他是我的朋友. * We are all good friends. 我们都是好朋友. * I've known her for years, but she was never a friend. 我认识她多年了, 但成不了朋友. 2 ~ of/to sth helper, supporter, or patron of sth 某事物的帮助者、 支持者或赞助者: * a friend of the arts/the poor 有助於艺术的人、 帮助贫民的人 * a friend of justice, peace, etc 维护正义、 和平等的人 * You are invited to become a Friend of the Bristol Hospice, ie to contribute money regularly. 邀请您作布里斯托尔末期病人安养所的赞助人. 3 person who is of the same country, group, etc as oneself; ally 同胞; 国人; 自己人; 同盟者: * Who goes there friend or foe? 谁在那里--是自己人还是敌人? * At last, among friends, he was free to speak his mind. 他终於向自己人倾诉衷肠. 4 thing that is very helpful or familiar 极有益或极熟悉的事物: * Honesty has always been his best friend. 忠实可靠一向使他受益匪浅. * Let's look it up in our old friend, the dictionary. 让我们请教一下老朋友--字典吧. 5 Friend member of the Society of Friends; Quaker （基督教）公谊会教友. 6 (fml 文) person being addressed in public 在公开场合对人的称呼: * Our friend from China will now tell us about her research. 现在我们的中国朋友要向大家介绍她自己的研究情况. * Friends, it is with great pleasure that I introduce... 朋友们, 我很高兴地介绍... * My learned friend, ie used by a lawyer of another lawyer in a lawcourt 律师在法庭上的互称 * My honourable friend, ie used by a Member of Parliament to another Member of Parliament in the House of Commons 在下议院, 国会议员间的互称. 7 (idm 习语) be/make `friends (with sb) be/become a friend (of sb) 是[成为]（某人的）朋友; 交朋友: * They soon forgot their differences and were friends again, ie after a quarrel. 他们不久就捐弃前嫌而重归於好.

friend1
* David finds it hard to make friends (with other children). 戴维觉得（与别的孩子）交朋友是很难的事. a ,friend in `need (is a ,friend in`deed) (saying 谚) a friend who helps one when one needs help (is a true friend) 患难之交（是真交）. 派生： friendless adj without any friends 无朋友的.

friendly
[5frendli; 5frendli] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 (a) behaving in a kind and pleasant way; acting like a friend 和蔼可亲的; 朋友般的; 友爱的: * a friendly person 和蔼可亲的人 * The children here are quite friendly with one another. 这里的孩子相互之间十分友爱. * It wasn't very friendly of you to slam the door in his face. 你冲着他摔门太伤和气了. * friendly nations, ie not hostile 友邦. (b) showing or expressing kindness and helpfulness 亲切的; 友好的: * a friendly smile, welcome, gesture, manner, etc 亲切的微笑、 亲切的欢迎、 友好的表示、 友好的态度 * friendly co-operation 亲密的合作. (c) of a relationship in which people treat each other as friends 和睦的;融洽的: * friendly relations 和睦的关系 * on friendly terms with the boss 与老板关系融洽. 2 not seriously competitive （竞争）不激烈的, 友好的: * a friendly game of football 足球友谊赛 * a friendly argument 友好的争论 * friendly rivalry 友好的竞争. 派生： friendliness n [U]. -friendly (in compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) that is, or is intended to be, easy for the specified person to use 便於某人使用的: a user-friendly computer system. 复合： `friendly match (also friendly) game of football, etc that is not part of a serious competitive series （足球等的）友谊比赛: There's a friendly between Leeds United and Manchester City next week. 利兹联队和曼彻斯特市队下星期有一场友谊赛. `Friendly Society (also `Provident Society) association formed to support its members when they are ill or old 互助会.

friendship
[5frendFip; 5frendFip] n (a) [U] feeling or relationship between friends; state of being friends 友情; 友谊; 友爱: * There were strong ties of friendship between the members of the society. 该团体的成员之间有牢固的友情. * The aim of the conference is to promote international friendship. 会议的目的是增进国际间的友谊. (b) [C] instance of this 友情; 友谊: * At school she formed a close friendship with several other girls. 她在学校里与几个女同学建立起亲密的友谊. * I've had many friendships, but never such an intimate one. 我交过很多朋友, 但从没有如此密切.

frieze
[fri:z; friz] n [C] band of sculpture or decoration round the top of a wall or building 雕带; （墙头或建 物上端的）带状装饰. =>illus at column 见column插图.

frig
[frig; frig] v (-gg-) (phr v) frig about/around ( infml 讳, 口) waste time; mess about 浪费时间; 吊儿郎当: * I've been frigging about all day. 我一整天吊儿郎当.

frigate
[5frigEt; 5frigEt] n small fast naval escort-vessel （小型）护卫舰.

frigging
[5frigiN; 5frigiN] adj [attrib 作定语] ( sl 讳, 俚) (used to emphasise a judgement or comment 用以加强判断或评论的语气) utter; absolute; bloody 完全的; 十足的; 绝对的; 该死的: * You frigging idiot! 你这个该死的大笨蛋!

fright
[frait; frait] n 1 (a) [U] feeling of sudden unpleasant fear 惊吓: * trembling with fright 吓得发抖. (b) [C usu sing 通常作单数] instance of this 惊吓: * You gave me (quite) a fright suddenly coming in here like that. 你那样突然走到这里, 真吓了我一大跳. * I got the fright of my life, ie I was extremely frightened. 我吓得要命. 2 [C usu sing 通常作单数] (infml 口) person or thing that looks ridiculous or unattractive 奇形怪状的或不起眼的人或物: * She thinks that dress is pretty I think she looks a fright in it. 她以为那件衣服挺漂亮--依我看她穿着像个丑八怪. 3 (idm 习语) take fright (at sth) be extremely frightened (by sth) （被某事物）惊吓, 受惊: * The animals took fright at the sound of the gun. 那些动物受到枪声的惊吓.

frighten
[5fraitn; 5fraitn] v 1 [Tn] fill (sb) with fear; make afraid; scare （使某人）感到恐惧; 使害怕; 惊吓: * Sorry, I didn't mean to frighten you. 对不起, 我不是故意吓唬你的. * Loud traffic frightens horses. 车辆噪音使马受惊. 2 (idm 习语) frighten/scare sb to `death/out of his `wits; frighten the `life out of sb frighten sb very much; terrify or startle sb 惊吓某人; 使某人恐怖或惊愕: * The child was frightened to death by the violent thunderstorm. 那孩子让狂风暴雨吓得要命. * You frightened the life out of me/frightened me out of my wits suddenly knocking on the window like that! 你突然那样敲窗户真把我的魂儿都吓掉了. frighten/scare the daylights out of sb => daylights. 3 (phr v) frighten sb/sth away/off force or drive (a person or an animal) to run away by frightening him/it 将（人或动物）吓跑: * The alarm frightened the burglars away. 警铃声把贼吓跑了. * The children's shouts frightened off the birds. 孩子们的喊声把鸟儿吓飞了. frighten sb into/out of doing sth cause sb to do/not to do sth by frightening him 吓得某人做[不敢做]某事: * News of the robberies frightened many people into fitting new locks to their doors. 发生抢劫的消息把许多人吓得装上新门锁. 派生： frightened adj in a state of fear; afraid; scared 恐惧的; 害怕的; 受惊的: Frightened children were calling for their mothers. 受惊的孩子们呼喊着找妈妈. * He looked very frightened as he spoke. 他说话时显得非常恐惧. * They're frightened of losing power. 他们害怕失去权力. frightening[5fraitniN; 5fraitniN] adj causing fear; alarming 引起恐惧的; 惊恐的; 可怕的: * a frightening possibility, situation, development, etc 引起恐惧的可能性、 形势、 发展等 * It is frightening even to think of the horrors of nuclear war. 核战争的恐怖状况连想都不敢想. frighteningly adv: * The film was frighteningly realistic. 该影片逼真得令人害怕.

frightful
[5fraitfl; 5fraitfEl] adj 1 very unpleasant; dreadful 令人厌恶的; 令人惧怕的; 可怕的: * a frightful accident 可怕的事故. 2 [attrib 作定语] (infml 口) (used to emphasize a statement) extreme; extremely bad （用以加强叙述的语气）极端的, 极坏的, 极糟的: * in a frightful rush 极其匆促 * They left the house in a frightful mess. 他们离去时房子里乱七八糟. 派生： frightfully[-fEli; -fEli] adv (infml 口) very; awfully 非常; 很; 太; 极: * I'm frightfully sorry, but I can't see you today. 太对不起了, 我今天不能见你.

frigid
[5fridVid; 5fridVid] adj 1 very cold 寒冷的; 严寒的: * a frigid climate/zone 严寒的气候[地区]. 2 (esp of a woman) not responsive sexually （尤指女人）性冷感的. 3 formal and unfriendly, esp in relationships with other people 郑重而冷淡的（尤指与他人的关系）: * a frigid glance, look, etc 冷淡的目光、 神情等. > frigidity/ frI5dVIdEtI; frI`dVIdEtI/ n [U]. frigidly adv.

frill
[fril; fril] n 1 ornamental border on a garment or curtain, gathered or pleated at one edge （外衣或 幕的）饰边, 褶边. =>illus 见插图. 2 (usu pl 通常作复数) (fig 比喻) additional item that is not essential for something but makes it more decorative （华而不实的）附加物: * a straightforward presentation with no frills 直截了当、 不加渲染的叙述. 派生： frilled adj decorated with frills (frill 1) 饰有褶边的: a frilled blouse 带褶边的女衬衫. frilly[5frili; 5frili] adj having many frills (frill 1) 多饰边的; 多褶边的: * a frilly petticoat 有很多褶边的衬裙.

fringe
[frindV; frindV] n 1 (esp Brit) (US bang) front hair cut so that it hangs over the forehead 垂在额前的短发; 刘海儿: * She has a fringe and glasses. 她额前有刘海儿, 戴着眼镜. =>illus at hair 见hair插图. 2 decorative edge on a garment, rug, etc consisting of loose or hanging threads or cords （外衣、 小地毯等的）饰边, 毛边, 穗子, 流苏. 3 outer edge of an area, group or activity （地方、 群体或活动的）外围: * the fringe of a forest 森林的边缘 * on the fringes of society 在社会的边缘 * on the radical fringe of the party (ie the part having views not held by most people) 党内意见偏激的一方 *[attrib 作定语] fringe theatre, ie that stages unconventional and experimental productions 实验剧院 * a fringe meeting, ie one which is not part of the main programme at a political conference （政治会议中的）小会议. 4 (idm 习语) the lunatic fringe => lunatic. 派生： fringe v 1 [Tn] make a fringe(2) for (sth); decorate with a fringe 给（某物）做穗; 以穗装饰: fringe a shawl 给围巾做穗. 2 (idm 习语) be fringed by/with sth have sth as a border 以某物做边界: The estate was fringed with stately elms. 那片地以挺拔的榆树为边界. 复合： `fringe benefit extra benefit, esp given to an employee in addition to salary or wages 额外津贴（尤指在工资之外付给雇员的）; 附加福利: The fringe benefits of this job include a car and free health insurance. 这工作的附加福利包括一辆小汽车和免费健康保险.

frippery
[5fripEri; 5fripEri] n 1 [U] unnecessary showy ornamentation, esp in clothing 无必要的炫耀装饰（尤指服装上的）. 2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] cheap useless ornament 廉价而无用的装饰.

Frisbee
[5frizbi:; 5frizbi] n (propr 专利名) light plastic disc, shaped like a plate, thrown between players in a game 飞盘（一种碟形塑料盘, 供游戏者互相抛扔玩耍）.

frisk
[frisk; frisk] v 1 [Tn] (infml 口) pass one's hands over (sb) in a search for hidden weapons, drugs, etc 搜查（某人）（寻找暗藏的武器、 毒品等）: * Everyone was frisked before getting on the plane. 每个人都经过搜身才登上飞机. 2 [I, Ip] (of animals) run and jump playfully （指动物）欢快地跑跳: * lambs frisking (about) in the meadow 在草地上跳来跳去的小羊. 派生： frisk n [sing] 1 (infml 口) act of frisking (frisk 1) a person 搜身. 2 act of playfully jumping and running 欢跃; 欢快的跑跳. frisky adj lively and energetic, wanting to enjoy oneself 活泼有力的; 爱玩耍的: a frisky lamb 欢蹦乱跳的小羊 * I feel quite frisky this morning. 我今天上午觉得精神挺足. friskily[-ili; -ili] adv.

frisson
[5fri:sCn; - fri:'sEun; fri5son] n (French 法) sudden feeling or thrill, esp of excitement or fear 震颤, 战栗（尤指因激动或害怕）: * a frisson of delight, horror, fear, etc 喜悦、 恐怖、 惧怕等的战栗.

fritter
1[5fritE(r); 5fritl] v (phr v) fritter sth away (on sth) waste (esp one's time or money) foolishly (on small useless things) （在无意义的小事上）愚蠢地浪费（尤指个人的时间或金钱）: * fritter away time/energy 浪费时间[精力] * fritter away one's money on gambling 在赌博上挥霍公钱.

frivolous
[5frivElEs; 5frivElEs] adj 1 (of people, their character, etc) not sensible or serious; foolish and light-hearted （指人、 性格等）不明事理的, 不严肃的, 漫不经心的, 轻率的, 肤浅的: * At 18, he's still rather frivolous and needs to grow up. 他到了18岁仍然很不懂事、 很不成熟. * frivolous comments, objections, criticisms, etc 肤浅的评论、 轻率的反对、 不严肃的批评等. 2 (of activities) silly or wasteful （指活动）无聊的; 浪费的: * She thought that reading romantic novels was a frivolous way of spending her time. 她认为看浪漫小说是虚度时光. 派生： frivolity/fri5vClEti; fri5valEti] n 1 [U] frivolous behaviour 轻浮的举止: * youthful frivolity 年轻人的心浮气躁. 2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] frivolous activity or comment 无聊的活动或议论: * I can't waste time on such frivolities. 我不能在这种无聊的事情上浪费时间. frivolously adv.

frizz
[friz; friz] v [Tn] form (esp hair) into small tight curls 使（尤指毛发）鬈曲: * You've had your hair frizzed. 你把头发鬈弯了. 派生： frizz n hair that has been frizzed 鬈发; 鬈毛. frizzy adj (of hair) tightly curled; frizzed （指毛发）鬈紧的, 鬈曲的.

frizzle
1[5frizl; 5frizl] v [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (up) twist (hair) into small tight curls 使（毛发）鬈曲.

fro
[frEu; fro] adv (idm 习语) to and fro => to3.

frock
[frCk; frak] n 1 dress worn by women or girls 连衣裙; （小女孩的）整身衣裙: * All my frocks are for the summer. 我的连衣裙都是夏天穿的. 2 long loose gown with sleeves, worn by monks 僧袍. 复合： `frock-coat n long coat worn (formerly) by men, now worn only on ceremonial occasions （旧时男子的）长礼服（现仅於典礼、 仪式场合穿着）.

frog
march

frolic
[5frClik; 5fralik] v (pt, pp frolicked) [I, Ip] ~ (about) play about in a lively happy way 嬉戏: * children frolicking about in the swimming-pool 在游泳池里嬉戏的儿童. 派生： frolic n [sing] lively and enjoyable activity 欢乐的活动: having a frolic in the garden 在花园里开游乐会. frolicsome[-sEm; -sEm] adj merry; playful 欢快的; 爱逗着玩儿的: * a frolicsome kitten 爱逗着玩儿的小猫.

from
[frEm; frEm strong form 强读式 frCm; fram] prep 1 (indicating the place or direction from which sb/sth starts 表示某人[某物]出发的地方或方向): * go from Manchester to Leeds 从曼彻斯特到利兹 * a wind from the north 从北方刮来的风 * Has the train from London arrived? 伦敦来的火车到了吗? * She comes home from work at 7 pm. 她下午7点下班回家. * A child fell from the seventh floor of a block of flats. 小孩儿从公寓的八楼上摔了下来. * carpets stretching from to wall to wall, ie from one wall to the opposite one 铺满地板的地毯（从地板一端铺到另一端）. 2 (indicating the time at which sth starts 表示某事开始的时间): * I'm on holiday from 30 June. 我从6月30日开始休假. * It's due to arrive an hour from now. 从现在起一个小时就该到了. * We lived in Scotland from 1960 to 1973. 我们从1960年到1973年住在苏格兰. * There's traffic in the streets from dawn till dusk. 从黎明到黄昏街上车辆川流不息. * We're open from 8 am till 7 pm every day. 我们每天由早8点到晚7点营业. * He was blind from birth. 他从出生就失明了. 3 (indicating who sent, gave or communicated sth 表示送、 给予或传送某物的人): * a letter from my brother 我兄弟来的信 * a present from a friend 朋友送的礼物 * I had a phone call from Mary. 我接到了玛丽的电话. * the man from (ie representing) the Inland Revenue 税务局的人. 4 (indicating where sb/sth originates or is stored 表示某人[某事物]的来源): * I'm from New Zealand. 我是新西兰人. * They come from the north. 他们是北方人. * the boy from the baker's 面包房的小伙子 * documents from the 16th century 16世纪的文件 * famous quotations from Shakespeare 莎士比亚的名句 * music from an opera 歌剧选曲 * draw water from a well 从井中取水 * powered by heat from the sun 以太阳的热量为动力的. 5 (indicating distance between two places 表示两地间的距离):

from1
* 10 miles from the coast 距海岸10英里 * 100 yards from the scene of the accident 离事故现场100码 * (fig 比喻) Far from agreeing with him, I was shocked by his remarks. 我很不同意他的意见, 听了他的话我很吃惊. 6 (indicating the lower limit of a range of numbers, prices, etc 表示数目、 价格等的最低限度): * write from 10 to 15 letters daily 每天写10到15封信 * Tickets cost from 3 to 11. 票价为3英镑至11英镑. * Our prices start from 2.50 a bottle. 我们的价格起码是2.50英镑一瓶. * Salaries are from 10% to 50% higher than in Britain. 薪金比在英国高10%到15%. 7 (indicating the state or form of sth/sb before a change 表示某事物[某人]改变之前的状态或形式): * Things have gone from bad to worse. 事情已经越来越糟了. * You need a break from routine. 你需要从日常工作中脱身去休息一下. * translate from English to Spanish 从英语译成西班牙语 * The bus fare has gone up from 35p to 40p. 公共汽车的票价已由35便士涨到40便士. * From being a librarian she is now an MP. 她从一个图书馆管理员当上了如今的下议院议员. 8 (indicating the material from which sth is made, the material being changed in the process 表示制造某物的原料, 该原料在加工过程中有所改变): * Wine is made from grapes. 葡萄酒是用葡萄酿造的. * Steel is made from iron. 钢是用铁炼成的. Cf 参看 of 5, out of 5. 9 (a) (indicating separation, removal, etc 表示分离、 除去等): * separated from his mother for long periods 与他母亲已分离很长时间 * take the money from my purse 从我钱包里把钱拿走 * borrow a book from the library 从图书馆借书 * release sb from prison 将某人从监狱释放 * 6 from 14 leaves 8. 14减6剩8. (b) (indicating protection or prevention 表示保护或防止): * protect children from violence 保护儿童免遭暴力侵犯 * save a boy from drowning 救一男孩使之免遭溺毙 * Wild fruit kept us from dying of starvation. 我们靠着野果才没饿死.

from2
* prevent sb from sleeping 不让某人睡着. 10 (indicating the reason, cause or motive 表示理由、 原因或动机): * She felt sick from tiredness. 她因疲劳而感到不舒服. * suffer from cold and hunger 受饥寒交迫之苦 * She accompanied him from a sense of loyalty. 她出於忠诚而伴随他. 11 considering (sth) 考虑到（某事物）: * From the evidence we have heard so far... 就我们所知的证据来说... * From her looks I'd say she was Swedish. 从她的相貌上看, 我敢说她是瑞典人. * From what I heard last night we're going to need a new chairman. 考虑到我昨晚听到的情况, 我们需要一个新主席了. * You can tell quite a lot from the handwriting. 从笔迹上能了解很多东西. 12 (used to make a distinction between two people, places or things 用以区别两人、 两地或两事物): * Is Portuguese very different from Spanish? 葡萄牙语和西班牙语的差别很大吗? * I can't tell one twin from the other. 我分不出双胞胎中谁是谁. * How do you know a fake from the original? 怎样识别膺品和真品呢? 13 (indicating a standpoint 表示立场、 观点): * Seen from above the town covers a wide area. 从高处下望, 这座城镇占地很广. * From this angle it looks crooked. 从这个角度看这是弯的. * From a teacher's point of view this dictionary will be very useful. 以教师的观点来看, 这部词典很有用. 14 (idm 习语) from...on starting at the specified time and continuing for an indefinite period 从所述的时间开始而延续的期间未定: * From now on you can work on your own. 你从现在起可以独立工作了. * From then on she knew she would win. 她从那时起就知道自己会得胜. * She never spoke to him again from that day on. 她从那天以後就再也不和他说话了.

frond
[frCnd; frand] n leaf-like part of a fern or palm （蕨类或棕榈类的）叶.

front
[frQnt; frQnt] n 1 (esp the front) [sing] (a) most important part or side of sth; part or side that faces forward; most forward part of sth 正面; 前面: * The front of the building was covered with ivy. 建 物的前面爬满了常春藤. * Put the statue so that the front faces the light. 把雕像摆好, 让正面向着光. * The front of the car has a dent in it. 小汽车的前面有一个凹痕. * The young boy spilt some juice down his front, ie the clothes covering his chest. 那男孩把果汁 在前襟上了. (b) position directly before or ahead; most forward position or place 正前方或前面的位置, 最靠前的位置或地方: * All eyes to the front as we pass the other competitors! 我们超越对手时要目不斜视! * The teacher made me move my seat to the front of the classroom. 老师让我把座位挪到教室的最前面去坐. * At the front of the house, someone had planted a beautiful garden. 有人在房前种上了花, 成了个漂亮的花园. * I prefer to travel in the front of the car, ie next to the driver. 我愿意坐在汽车的前面（挨着司机）. Cf 参看 back1 1. 2 the front [sing] the land along the edge of the sea or a lake; promenade 海边; 湖边; 海滨: * walk along the (sea) front 沿着海滨散步. 3 the front [sing] (in war) area where fighting takes place; foremost line of an army （战争中）前线, 前沿: * be sent to the front 被派往前线 * serve at the front 在前线服役. 4 [sing] outward appearance or show, esp of the specified type 外表或样子（尤指所述的类型）: * Her rudeness is just a front for her shyness. 她色厉内荏. * put on/show/present a bold front 装出一副大胆的样子 * We might argue among ourselves, but against the management we must present a united front, ie act and speak as a group. 我们内部不妨有争论, 但对付资方我们必须团结一致. 5 [sing] a ~ for sth (infml 口) something that serves to hide an illegal or a secret activity 非法或秘密活动的掩蔽物:

front1
* The jewellery firm is just a front for their illegal trade in diamonds. 该珠宝公司不过是进行非法的钻石交易的幌子. 6 [C] (of weather) forward edge of an advancing mass of warm or cold air （指天气）（热或冷气团的）锋: * A cold front is moving in from the north. 一股冷锋正从北方向这里移动. 7 [C] (usu with an adj or a n 通常与形容词或名词连用) specified area of activity活动的范围或领域: * on the domestic, financial, education, etc front 在国内、 金融、 教育等方面. 8 [sing] (esp in names 尤用於名称) organized and often aggressively active political group 有组织的、 常有过激活动的政治团体: * the National Front 民族阵线. 9 (idm 习语) back to front => back1. eyes right/left/front => eye1. in `front; out `front part of a theatre where the audience sits 观众席. in front adv in a position further forward than but close to sb/sth 在某人[某物]前面: * a small house with a garden in front 前面带花园的小房子 * The children walked in twos with one teacher in front and one behind. 孩子们排成两行走, 前後各有一位老师. * The British car has been in front now for several minutes. 英国汽车已领先数分钟. Cf 参看 behind2. in front of prep (a) in a position further forward than but close to (sb/sth) 在（某人[某物]）前面: * The car in front of me stopped suddenly and I had to brake. 我前面那辆小汽车突然停住, 我只好刹车. * The bus stops right in front of our house. 公共汽车正停在我们房前. * I keep the children's photographs in front of me on the desk. 我把孩子们的照片放在书桌上, 摆在我面前. * If you're phoning from outside London, dial 01 in front of the number. 从伦敦以外的地方打来电话, 要先拨01再拨电话号码. Cf 参看 behind1. =>Usage at before2 用法见before2. (b) in the presence of (sb) 当（某人的）面: * The cheques must be signed in front of the cashier at the bank. 必须当着银行出纳员的面签这些支票.

front2
* Please don't talk about it in front of the children. 请不要当着孩子们谈论那事. up `front (infml 口) as payment in advance 提前付款; 先期付款: * We'll pay you half up front and the other half when you've finished the job. 我们先付给你一半钱, 剩下的一半等你干完了再付. 派生： front adj [attrib 作定语] of or at (the) front(1) 前面的; 在前面的: on the front page of the newspaper 在报纸的头版 * front teeth 门齿 * They keep the front room for visitors. 他们把前面的房间留给客人. * the front door, ie the door that serves as the main entrance to a house 前门 * the front seats of a bus 公共汽车前面的座位. front v 1 [Ipr, Tn] ~ (onto) sth have the front facing or directed towards sth; face 面对; 直对; 面向: hotels that front onto the sea 面向大海的旅馆 * Attractive gardens fronted the houses. 这些房子的前面都有漂亮的花园. 2 [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] provide (sth) with a front 用（某物）作正面: The monument was fronted with stone. 纪念碑的正面是石料做的. 3 [Tn] (infml 口) (a) serve as a leader or representative of (an organization) 作为（某组织的）领导人或代表. (b) present (a television or radio programme) 主持（电视节目或广播节目）: Dan Davies has been chosen to front a new discussion programme. 丹．戴维斯获任主持一个新的讨论节目. 复合： the ,front `bench (either of the two rows of seats in the British Parliament occupied by the) leading members of the government and opposition （在英国议会中的两排）前座（的政府及反对党议员）: members on the front bench (es) opposite 反对党前座议员 * [attrib 作定语] the ,front-bench `spokesman on defence 议会中谈论国防事务的前座发言人. front-`bencher n Member of Parliament entitled to sit on the front bench 前座议员. the front line 1 line of fighting which is closest to the enemy 前线: [attrib 作定语] front-line troops, units, etc 前沿部队、 单位等.

front3
2 the most important, advanced or responsible position 最重要、 最前面的或责任最重大的位置; 第一线: in the front line of research 处於研究工作的第一线. `front man (infml 口) 1 (person who acts as the) leader or representative of an organization 某组织的领导人或代表; 头面人物. 2 presenter of a television or radio programme （电视或广播的）节目主持人. ,front-`page adj [attrib 作定语] interesting or important enough to be printed on the front page of a newspaper 头版的: ,front-page `news 头版新闻. ,front `runner person who seems most likely to succeed or win, eg in a race or contest 最有可能成功或获胜的人（如在比赛或竞争中）; 领先者: Who are the front runners in the Presidential contest? 哪些人在总统竞选中最有可能获胜?

frontage
[5frQntidV; 5frQntidV] n [C, U] extent of a piece of land or a building along its front, esp bordering a road or river 一块土地或一建 物的正面的空地（尤指临街或沿河的）: * For sale, shop premises with frontages on two streets. 出售商业用房, 前有空地两面临街. * a warehouse with good river frontage 带有一片良好的临河空地的仓库.

frontal
[5frQntl; 5frQntl] adj [attrib 作定语] 1 at, from, in, or of the front 靠正面的; 从正面的; 在正面的; 正面的: * a frontal view 正面所见 * a frontal attack, ie one directed at the front or the main point 正面攻击 * full frontal nudity, ie complete nudity, showing the whole of the front of the body 正面全裸. 2 (medical 医) of a person's forehead 前额的: * frontal lobes 额叶. 3 concerning a weather front(6) （天气）锋的: * a frontal system 锋系.

frontier
[5frQntiE(r); - frQn'tiEr; frQn'tir] n 1 [C] (a) ~ (between sth and sth); ~ (with sth) border between two countries 国界; 边界: * the frontier between Austria and Hungary 奥地利和匈牙利之间的边界. (b) land on either side of such a border 边疆; 边陲; 边境; 国境: * [attrib 作定语] a frontier zone 边境地带 * a frontier town 边疆城镇 * frontier disputes 边界争端. 2 the frontier [sing] (esp US) extreme limit of settled land, beyond which the country is wild and undeveloped 已开发地区的边缘地带: * Beyond the frontier lay very real dangers. 在开发地区以外十分危险. 3 the frontiers [pl] extreme limit, esp of knowledge about sth 极限（尤指有关某事物的知识的）; 尖端; 边缘: * advance the frontiers of science 拓展科学的领域 * teach near the frontiers of one's subject, ie give recently discovered information 讲授个人专业领域的新知识. =>Usage at border 用法见border. 派生： frontiersman[-zmEn; -zmEn] n (pl -men[-mEn; -mEn] ) man living on the frontier; one of the first settlers of an area 边疆居民; 边民; 拓荒者; 开拓者.

frontispiece
[5frQntispi:s; 5frQntis7pis] n (usu sing 通常作单数) illustration at the beginning of a book, on the page opposite the title-page 卷首插图（在与书名页相对的一页上的）.

frost
[frCst; - frC:st; frCst] n 1 (a) [U] weather condition in which the temperature falls below freezing-point, usu accompanied by the formation of frost(2) 严寒（气温在冰点以下, 通常伴有霜冻）: * Young plants are often killed by frost. 植物的幼苗常因严寒而冻死. * a temperature of 10 degrees of frost, ie 10 degrees Celsius below freezing-point 冰点下10摄氏度的气温. (b) [C] instance or period of this 严寒; 严寒期: * There was a heavy (ie severe) frost last night. 昨夜有严重霜冻. * early frosts, ie in autumn 秋寒 * late frosts, ie in spring 春寒. 2 [U] dew or water vapour frozen into tiny white ice crystals that cover the ground, etc when the temperature falls below freezing-point 霜: * The windscreen was covered with frost. 挡风玻璃上结了霜. 派生： frost v 1 [Tn] cover (sth) with frost 在（某物）上结霜: frosted pavements 结霜的人行道. 2 [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] kill or damage (plants, etc) with frost n (1) 冻死或冻坏（植物等）. 3 [Tn] (esp US) decorate (a cake, etc) with icing or frosting 用糖衣或糖霜装饰（糕饼等）. 4 [Tn] make (glass) opaque by giving it a rough frostlike surface 使（玻璃）不透明（形成霜状粗糙表面）: frosted window panes 磨砂窗户玻璃. 5 (phr v) frost over/up become covered with frost 结霜: The car windscreen frosted over during the night. 汽车的挡风玻璃在夜间结了霜. 复合： `frost-bite n [U] injury to the body, esp fingers, toes, ears, etc, caused by extreme cold 冻伤; 冻疮: Two of the mountain climbers were suffering from frost-bite. 有两个登山者冻伤了. `frost-bitten adj suffering from or affected by frost-bite 患冻疮的; 被冻伤的: frost-bitten ears 冻伤的耳朵. `frostbound adj (of the ground) made hard by frost （指地）冻硬的.

frosting
[5frCstiN; - 'frC:stiN; 5frCstiN] n [U] (esp US) = icing.

frosty
[5frCsti; - 'frC:sti; 5frCsti] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 (a) very cold; cold with frost 严寒的; 霜冻的: * frosty weather 有霜冻的天气 * It's sunny, but the air is frosty. 虽然是晴天, 但空气很冷. (b) covered with frost 结霜的: * frosty fields 结霜的田地. 2 (fig 比喻) cold and unwelcoming in manner; not friendly 冷若冰霜的; 不友好的: * a frosty look, response, welcome, etc 冷若冰霜的表情、 反应、 迎接等. > frostily[-ili; ili] adv. frostiness n [U]: * a certain frostiness in her greeting 在她的问候中略含冷淡之意.

froth
[frCW; - frC:W; frCW] n [U] 1 mass of small bubbles, esp on the surface of a liquid; foam 泡（尤指液体表面上的）; 泡沫: * I don't like beer with too much froth. 我不喜欢泡沫太多的啤酒. 2 (derog 贬) light but worthless conversation, ideas, etc 空洞的交谈、 思想等: * Their chatter was nothing but froth! 他们聊天儿没别的, 全是废话! 派生： froth v 1 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) cause (a liquid) to foam 使（液体）起泡: froth (up) a milk shake 将含奶的饮料打起泡沫来. 2 [I, Ipr] have or produce froth 有泡沫、 起泡沫; 发泡; 冒泡: The water frothed as it tumbled down the rocks. 水冲击在岩石上溅起了泡沫. * Animals with rabies often froth at the mouth. 患狂犬病的动物常常口吐白沫. * (fig 比喻) He was so angry he was almost frothing at the mouth. 他气得差点儿口吐白沫. frothy adj (-ier, -iest) 1 full of or covered with froth 有泡沫的; 起泡沫的: frothy beer 有泡沫的啤酒 * a frothy mixture of eggs and milk 起泡儿的蛋奶混合物. 2 light and trivial 轻浮的; 浅薄的; 空洞的: a novel written in a frothy style 笔调轻浮的小说. frothily adv. frothiness n [U].

frown
[fraun; fraun] v 1[I, Ipr] ~ (at sb/sth) bring the eyebrows together, so wrinkling the skin on one's forehead (to express anger, thought, worry, etc) 皱眉, 蹙额（以示生气、 沉思、 忧愁等）: * What's wrong? Why are you frowning? 出什麽事了? 干什麽皱着眉头? * Peter frowned at the noise coming from the boys' bedroom. 彼得听到从男孩子卧室传来的吵闹声便皱起眉头. * She read through the letter, frowning at its contents. 她把信看了一遍, 从头到尾双眉深锁. 2 (phr v) frown on/upon sth disapprove of sth 不赞成某事; 不许可; 不同意: * My parents always frown on late nights out. 我父母向来不赞成深夜外出. * Gambling is frowned upon by some church authorities. 有些教会权力机关不许可赌博. =>Usage at smirk 用法见smirk. 派生： frown n serious, angry, worried, etc look on the face causing lines on the forehead; expression of displeasure 皱眉; 蹙额; 不悦: She looked up from her exam paper with a worried frown. 她看完自己的试卷愁眉不展地抬起头来. * I noticed a slight frown of disapproval on his face. 我留意到他轻轻皱了一下眉, 露出不赞成的样子.

frowsty
[5frausti; 5frausti] adj (derog 贬 esp Brit) (of the air conditions in a room) stale and stuffy （指房间里的空气）不流通的, 闷热的.

frowzy
[5frauzi; 5frauzi] adj (esp Brit) 1 untidy or unclean in appearance; shabby 外表不整洁的; 邋遢的. 2 ill-smelling; stale and stuffy; musty 难闻的; 污浊闷热的; 霉臭的.

froze
pt of freeze.

frozen
pp of freeze.

FRS
[7ef a:r 'es; 7ef ar 'es] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Fellow of the Royal Society 皇家学会会员: * Charles May FRS 皇家学会会员查尔斯．梅.

fructify
[5frQktifai; 5frQktE7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) [I, Tn] (fml 文) (cause sth to) bear fruit or be fruitful （使某物）结果实或多产. > fructification[7frQktifi'keiFn;7frQktEfE'keFEn] n [U].

fructose
[5frQktEus, -Euz; 5frQktoz] n type of sugar found in fruit juice, honey, etc 果糖（果汁、 蜂蜜等中所含的糖）.

frugal
[5fru:gl; 5frugl] adj (a) careful and thrifty, esp with money and food 节约的, 节俭的, 节省的（尤指对金钱和食物）: * a frugal housekeeper 节俭的管家. (b) of life in which such care is shown 生活俭 的: * They lived a very frugal existence, avoiding all luxuries. 他们生活非常俭 , 力避奢华. (c) costing little; small in quantity 花费少的; 省钱的; 小量的: * a frugal meal of bread andcheese 只有面包和奶酪的便餐. > frugality/fru'glEti; fru'gAlEti] n [U]. frugally[-gEli; -gli] adv

fruit
[fru:t; frut] n 1 [C, U] fleshy seed-bearing part of a plant used as food; quantity of these 水果; 水果的量: * The country exports tropical fruit(s). 该国出口热带水果. * Is a tomato a fruit or a vegetable? 蕃茄是水果还是蔬菜? * Bananas, apples and oranges are all fruit. 香蕉、 苹果和橘子都是水果. * This pudding has two pounds of fresh fruit in it. 这个布丁里有两磅鲜果. * [attrib 作定语] `fruit juice 果汁 * `fruit trees 果树. =>illus 见插图. 2 [C] (botany 植) part of a plant, tree or bush in which the seed is formed 果实. 3 [C usu pl 通常作复数] any plant product used as food 可做食物的任何植物的产物: * the fruits of the earth, ie vegetables, cereals, etc 农产品（蔬菜、 谷物等）. 4 (esp 尤作 the fruits [pl]) result or reward of an action, hard work, etc 成果; 结果; 产物: * enjoy the fruit(s) of one's labours 享受自己的劳动成果. 5 [U] (also ,dried `fruit) currants, raisins, or sultanas, used as food or in baking 乾果. 6 (idm 习语) bear fruit => bear2. forbidden fruit => forbid. 派生： fruit v [I] produce fruit 结果实: These apple trees have always fruited well. 这些苹果树总是结很多苹果. 复合： `fruit-cake n 1 [C, U] cake containing dried fruit 含有乾果的糕饼; 乾果蛋糕. 2 (idm 习语) nutty as a fruit-cake => nutty (nut). `fruit-fly n small fly that feeds on decaying plant matter, esp fruit 果蝇. `fruit-knife n small knife used for cutting and peeling fruit 水果刀. `fruit machine (Brit) (also esp US ,one-armed `bandit) type of coin-operated gambling machine, often displaying symbols representing fruit 吃角子老虎（以硬币启动的赌具, 常以水果图案为显示符号）. ,fruit `salad 1 (esp Brit) mixture of different types of fruit, cut up and served as a dessert 水果色拉; 水果杂拌. 2 (US) dish of small pieces of fruit set in jelly(1a) and served as a dessert 水果冻; 果冻.

fruiterer
[5fru:tErE(r); 5frutErl] n (esp Brit) person who sells fruit, esp in a shop or stall 水果商贩.

fruitful
[5fru:tfl; 5frutfEl] adj 1 having many good results; productive or profitable; successful 硕果累累的; 多产的; 有利的; 成功的: * a fruitful experience, day's work, partnership 丰富的经验、 收获大的一日工作、 成功的合作关系 * fruitful areas of research 硕果累累的研究领域. 2 producing a lot of fruit 果实结得多的. > fruitfully/ 5fru:tfElI; `frutfElI/ adv. fruitfulness[5fru:tfElnis;'frutfElnis] n [U].

fruition
[fru:'iFn; fru'iFEn] n [U] fulfilment of hopes, plans, etc; getting what one wants or has worked for （希望、 计画等的）实现; 完成: * After months of hard work, our plans came to/were brought to fruition. 我们经过几个月的苦干, 终於实现了计画.

fruitless
[5fru:tlis; 5frutlis] adj producing little or no result; unsuccessful 不结果实的; 无结果的; 不成功的; 无益的; 无效的: * a fruitless attempt 无益的尝试 * Our efforts to persuade her were fruitless she didn't even listen. 我们怎麽劝她都没用--她连听都不听. > fruitlessly adv. fruitlessness n [U].

fruity
[5fru:ti; 5fruti] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 like fruit in smell or taste; containing a lot of fruit 果香的; 果味的; 含大量水果的: * a fruity wine 果酒 * a fruity dessert 水果甜食. 2 (infml 口) funny in a crude and often sexually suggestive way （粗俗而常含色情内容）逗笑的: * a fruity joke, remark, story, etc 色情的笑话、 言语、 故事等. 3 (infml 口) (of a voice, etc) rich and deep in tone or quality （指声音等）圆润而深沉的: * a fruity chuckle 低沉的笑声.

frump
[frQmp; frQmp] n (derog 贬) person (usu a woman) who wears dull old-fashioned clothes 衣着不入时的人（通常指女子）. > frumpish adj: * a frumpish outfit 不时兴的衣装.

frustrate
[frQ'streit; - 'frQstreit; 5frQstret] v [Tn] 1 (a) prevent (sb) from doing or achieving sth 阻止（某人）做成某事; 妨碍: * He had hoped to set a new world record, but was frustrated by bad weather. 他本希望能创造新的世界纪录, 但因天气恶劣而未果. (b) make (efforts, etc) useless; defeat 使（努力等）无效; 失败: * Bad weather has frustrated plans to launch the spacecraft today. 今日发射宇宙飞船的计画, 因天气恶劣而落空. 2 upset or discourage (sb) 扰乱或阻挠（某人）; 使沮丧; 使灰心: * Mary was frustrated by the lack of appreciation shown of her work. 玛丽因工作得不到赏识而灰心丧气. 派生： frustrated adj 1 (a) [pred 作表语] discouraged; not satisfied 令人灰心; 令人沮丧; 令人不满: As a nurse she got very frustrated, but being an administrator seems to suit her. 她做护士很不顺心, 但当管理人员似乎倒很适合. (b) [attrib 作定语] unable to be successful in one's chosen career 失意的; 不得志的; 受挫的: Film directors are sometimes frustrated actors. 电影导演有时是不得志的演员. 2 not satisfied sexually 性欲上不满的. frustrating adj annoying; discouraging 使人心烦的; 使人讨厌的; 使人灰心的; 使人沮丧的: I find it frustrating that I can't speak other languages. 我不会说别的语言, 感到惘然若失. frustration/frQ'streiFn; frQs'treFEn] n 1 [U] (state of) being frustrated 灰心; 沮丧; 不满; 失意; 受挫. 2 [C] instance of this; disappointment 灰心; 沮丧; 不满; 挫折; 失意; 失望: * Every job has its frustrations. 每种工作都有 让人不称心的地方.

fry
1[frai; frai] v (pt, pp fried/fraid; fraid] ) 1 [I, Tn] cook (sth) or be cooked in boiling fat or oil 油煎; 油炸: * fried chicken 炸鸡 * bacon frying in the pan 在煎锅里煎着的腌肉. =>Usage at cook 用法见cook. 2 (idm 习语) have bigger/other fish to fry => fish1. 复合： `frying-pan (US `fry-pan) n 1 flat shallow pan with a long handle, used for frying food 长柄平底浅锅（煎锅）. =>illus at pan 见pan插图. 2 (idm 习语) out of the `frying-pan into the `fire from a bad situation to one that is worse 跳出油锅又入火坑; 愈来愈糟; 每况愈下. `fry-up n (Brit) (dish of) fried food, esp bacon, eggs, sausages, etc 油煎食品（菜肴）（尤指腌肉、 蛋、 香肠等）: We always have a fry-up for Saturday lunch. 我们星期六的午饭总有一道油煎菜.

fryer
(also frier)[5fraiE(r); 5frail] n 1 large deep pan for frying food, esp fish 大而深的锅（用以炸食物、 尤指鱼）. 2 (esp US) small young chicken suitable for frying （适宜炸食的）雏鸡.

FT
[7ef 'ti:; 7ef 'ti] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Financial Times (newspaper) 金融时报: * the FT (share) index 金融时报（股票）指数.

fuchsia
[5fju:FE; 5fjuFE] n shrub with red, purple or white drooping flowers 倒挂金钟（灌木, 开红色、 紫色或白色花, 悬垂呈倒挂钟状）.

fuck
[fQk; fQk] v ( sl 讳, 俚) 1 [I, Tn] have sexual intercourse with (sb) 与（某人）性交; （某人）. 2 [I, Tn] (esp imperative or as an interj in exclamations expressing extreme anger, annoyance or disgust 尤用於祈使句或用於感叹句中作感叹词, 表示极其愤怒、 烦恼或憎恶): * Fuck (it)! 他妈的! * Fuck you I don't care if I never see you again. 滚你妈的蛋--我这辈子也不想见你了. * Fuck the bloody thing it won't work. 去他妈的倒霉玩意儿--不管用. 3 (idm 习语) `fucking well (used to emphasize an angry statement, esp an order 说气话时用以加强语气, 尤作命令用语) certainly; definitely 确实; 一定: * You're fucking well coming whether you want to or not. 不管你想来不想来, 你是一定得来. 4 (phr v) fuck a`bout/a`round behave foolishly or unhelpfully 干愚蠢的或无谓的事; 胡闹: * Stop fucking around and come and give me a hand. 别胡闹了, 过来给我帮个忙.fuck sb about/around treat sb badly or inconsiderately亏待或不体谅某人: * This bloody company keeps fucking me about. 这倒霉的公司一直亏待我. fuck `off (esp imperative 尤用於祈使句) go away 走开; 滚. fuck sth up spoil or ruin sth 弄糟或毁坏某事物. 派生： fuck n (usu sing 通常作单数) ( sl 讳, 俚) 1 act of sexual intercourse 性交. 2 (sexist 性别偏见) person, esp a woman, considered as a sexual partner 性交对象（尤指女子）: She's a good fuck. 她是个床上的好伴. 3 (idm 习语) not care/give a fuck (about sb/sth) not care at all 毫不在乎: He doesn't give a fuck about anyone else. 他对别人毫不关心. fucker n ( sl 讳, 俚) (as a general term of abuse) fool; idiot （用作一般的辱骂用语）傻瓜, 笨蛋. fucking ( sl 讳, 俚) adj, adv (used to add emphasis in expressions of anger, annoyance, etc 用以增强表示愤怒、 烦恼等的语气): I'm fucking sick of the whole fucking lot of you. 你们他妈的真让我恶心. 复合： ,fuck-`all n [U] ( sl 讳, 俚) nothing at all 丝毫没有; 什麽都没有: You've done ,fuck-`all today. 你今天是屁事也没干.

fuck1
* [attrib 作定语] He's ,fuck-all ,use as a `goalkeeper. 他当守门员屁事不顶. fuck-up[5fQkQp; 5fQk7Qp] n ( sl 讳, 俚) complete mess; disaster 一团糟; 一塌糊涂: * What a fuck-up! 真是乱成一锅粥!

fuddle
[5fQdl; 5fQdl] v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] confuse (sb/sth), esp with alcoholic drink 使（某人[某事]）错乱（尤指因含酒精饮料所致）: * in a fuddled state 处於昏昏沉沉的状态 * one's mind fuddled with gin 喝杜松子酒喝得烂醉. 派生： fuddle n (usu sing 通常作单数) confused state 混乱: My brain's in a fuddle. 我的脑子糊里糊涂的.

fuddy
duddy

fudge
1[fQdV; fQdV] n [U] soft sweet made of sugar, butter and milk, often with added flavourings （由糖、 奶油和牛奶, 有时加香料制成的）软糖: * chocolate/walnut fudge 巧克力[核桃]软糖.

fuel
[5fju:El; 5fjuEl] n 1 [U] (a) material burned to produce heat or power, eg wood, coal, oil, etc 燃料: * What sort of fuel do these machines need? 这些机器需要哪种燃料? (b) material that produces nuclear energy 核燃料. 2 [C] any particular type of fuel 任何类型的燃料. 3 [C] (fig 比喻) thing that increases anger or other strong feelings （使愤怒或其他激情增强的）刺激因素: * His indifference was a fuel to her hatred. 他无动於衷使她心中的怨恨火上加油. 4 (idm 习语) add fuel to the flames => add. 派生： fuel v (-ll-; US -l-) 1 [I] take in fuel 给（某物）加燃料; 供给（某物）燃料: All aircraft must fuel before a long flight. 所有飞机均须先加油方能作长途飞行. 2 [Tn] supply (sth) with fuel: fuelling a car with petrol 给汽车加汽油 * (fig 比喻) inflation fuelled by big wage increases.

fug
[fQg; fQg] n (usu sing 通常作单数); (infml 口) warm stuffy atmosphere, eg in a small or crowded room 热而污浊的空气（如在狭小的或拥挤的房间里）: * Open the window there's quite a fug in here. 打开窗户吧--这里的空气不新鲜了. > fuggy adj.

fugitive
[5fju:dVEtiv; 5fjudVEtiv] n ~ (from sb/sth) person who is running away or escaping 逃跑者; 逃亡者: * fugitives from a country ravaged by war 从饱受战争蹂躏的国家逃出的难民 * a fugitive from justice 逃犯. 派生： fugitive adj 1 escaping; running away 逃亡的; 逃跑的: a fugitive criminal 逃跑的罪犯. 2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (fml 文) lasting only a short time; fleeting 短暂的; 瞬间的; 转瞬即逝的: fugitive thoughts, impressions, sensations, etc 瞬间的想法、 印象、 感觉.

fugue
[fju:g; fjug] n musical composition in which one or more themes are introduced and then repeated in a complex pattern 赋格曲.

fulcrum
[5fulkrEm; 5fulkrEm] n (pl ~s or fulcra/ 5fUlkrE; `fJlkrE/) point on which a lever is supported 支撑 的点; 支点. =>illus at lever 见lever插图.

fulfil
(US fulfill)[ful'fil; ful'fil] v (-ll-) [Tn] 1 perform (sth) or bring (sth) to completion 履行（某事）; 使（某事）实现: * fulfil a promise, prophecy 履行诺言、 使预言实现. 2 satisfy (sth); answer 满足（某事）; 符合: * fulfil a desire, prayer, hope, need, dream, etc 满足欲望、 实现祈愿、 符合愿望、 符合需要、 符合理想 * Does your job fulfil your expectations? 你的工作符合你的预想吗? 3 satisfy the specific requirements of (sth) 满足（某事）的要求: * fulfil the terms of a contract 满足合同条款的要求 * fulfil the conditions of entry to a university 具备某大学的入学条件. 4 perform (sth); do; obey fully 履行（某事）; 做; 服从: * fulfil a duty, a command, an obligation, etc 履行职责、 服从命令、 履行义务. 5 ~ oneself fully develop one's abilities and character 充分发挥自己的能力和性格: * He was able to fulfil himself through music. 他通过音乐能充分地发挥自己的才能. 派生： fulfilled adj satisfied; completely happy 满意的; 满足的; 十分愉快的: He doesn't feel really fulfilled in his present job. 他对目前的工作并非真正满意. fulfilment n [U] fulfilling or being fulfilled 满意; 满足.

full
[ful; ful] adj (-er, -est) 1 ~ (of sth/sb) (a) holding or containing as much or as many as possible; completely filled 满的; 饱含的; 充满的: * drawers full to overflowing 抽屉满得装不进东西 * My cup is full. 我的杯子是满的. * The bin needs emptying; it's full of rubbish. 垃圾箱该倒了, 垃圾都满了. * The theatre is full, I'm afraid you'll have to wait for the next show. 剧院已客满, 很抱歉你只能等下一场了. =>Usage at empty1 用法见empty1. (b) having or containing much or many; crowded 充足的; 丰富的; 挤满的: * a lake full of fish 有很多鱼的湖 * a room full of people 挤满人的房间 * She's full of vitality. 她充满活力. 2 ~ of sth completely occupied in thinking about sth 头脑里充满某想法的; 只想着某事物的: * She was full of the news, ie could not stop herself talking about it. 她满脑子都是那消息. 3 ~ (up) having had enough to eat and drink 吃饱喝足: * No more thank you, I'm full up. 不添了, 谢谢, 我已经吃饱喝足了. 4 [attrib 作定语] (a) complete; plentiful 全面的; 完整的; 详尽的; 充分的: * give full information, details, instructions, etc 提供完整的资料、 详尽的细节、 全面的指导等. (b) complete; reaching specified or usual limits 完全的; 十足的; 达到（指定的或通常的）限度的: * The roses are in full bloom. 玫瑰花正在盛开. * I had to wait a full hour for the bus. 我等公共汽车足足等了一小时. * He got full marks (ie the highest marks possible) for his essay. 他的文章得了满分. * Her dress was a full three inches above the knee. 她的连衣裙下 离膝盖整整叁英寸. 5 [usu attrib 通常作定语] plump; rounded 丰满的; 圆的: * a full figure 胖体形 * rather full in the face 脸很胖. 6 (of clothes) fitting loosely or made with plenty of material （指衣服）宽松的, 肥大的: * a full skirt 肥大的裙子 * Please make this coat a little fuller across the back. 请把这件大衣的後身放宽些.

full1
7 (of a tone or voice) deep and mellow （指音调或嗓音）深沉圆润的. 8 (idm 习语) at full `stretch to the limit of one's ability 达到个人能力的限度; 竭尽全力: * working at full stretch 竭尽全力地工作. at half/full cock => cock2. come full `circle return to the starting point after a series of events, experiences, etc （事情、 经历等）绕一圈回到原处. come to a full `stop stop completely 停住: * The car came to a full stop at the traffic lights. 汽车在交通信号灯处停住了. draw onself up to one's full height => draw2. the first/full flush of youth, etc => flush1. (at) full `blast at maximum power, activity, etc 以最大的力量、 活力等: * going, talking, shouting full blast 疾步行走、 高声谈话、 大声疾呼 * An orchestra playing at full blast is a tremendous sound. 管弦乐队全力演奏声音大得惊人. full of `beans/`life having a lot of energy and vitality 精力旺盛. full of the joys of spring lively and light-hearted 活泼愉快. (at) full length with the body stretched out and flat 全身伸直: * lying full length on the sofa 全身伸直躺在沙发上. `full of oneself (derog 贬) selfish and conceited 自私自利; 自以为是: * You're very full of yourself today, I must say. 你今天太自以为是了, 我不得不说出来. full of one's own im`portance (derog 贬) thinking that one is very important 自负; 自高自大. (at) full `pelt/`tilt/`speed with great speed or force 以极高的速度或极大的力量: * He drove full tilt intothe lamppost. 他车开得飞快, 撞上了路灯柱. full speed/steam ahead (proceeding) with as much speed and vigour as possible 全速前进; 竭尽全力. give full/short measure => measure. give sb/sth full play give sb/sth complete freedom of action or expression 使某人[某事物]充分表现或发挥. have one's hands full => hand1. in full completely; with nothing omitted 全部地; 全面地; 无省略地; 无遗漏地:

full2
* publish a report in full 全文发表一份报告 * write one's name in full, eg John Henry Smith, not J H Smith 写全名（如写作John Henry Smith, 不作J.H. Smith）. in full `cry (of a pack of hunting hounds) barking together noisily as they chase their prey （指一群猎犬）追赶猎物时齐声狂吠: * (fig 比喻) The pop group raced for their car, pursued by fans in full cry. 流行歌手朝着他们的汽车跑去, 後面跟着一群狂呼乱叫的歌迷. in full play fully operating or active 正在进行中; 正起劲. in full sail (of a ship) with all the sails spread or set （指船）张满帆. in full `swing fully active 正起劲; 正活跃: * The party was in full swing when we arrived. 我们到达时恰值聚会的高潮. in full `view (of sb/sth) completely visible 全都看得见的: * He performed the trick in full view of the whole audience. 他在全体观众都看得见的情况下变魔术. to the `full to the greatest possible extent 达到尽可能大的程度; 充分地: * enjoy life to the full 尽情享受人生的乐趣. 派生： full adv 1 exactly; directly 精确地; 直接地: John hit him full in the face. 约翰一下正打在他的脸上. 2 very 很; 非常: as you know full well 正如你十分了解的. fullness (also fulness) n [U] 1 completeness; being full(4b) 完整; 完全; 全部. 2 (idm 习语) in the fullness of time at the appropriate or right time; eventually 在适当的时候; 时机成熟时; 终於: In the fullness of time they married and had children. 他们到时候就结了婚, 生了孩子. fully adv 1 completely; entirely 完全地; 全部地; 全面地; 十分地: fully satisfied 十分满意 * She was fully dressed in five minutes. 她用五分钟就已穿戴整齐了. * I was fully expecting to lose my job, so this promotion has come as a complete surprise. 我原先满以为会失业, 所以这次晋升完全出乎意料. 2 at least; the whole of 至少; 整整: The journey will take fully two hours. 此行至少要用两小时.

full3
3 (idm 习语) fully stretched made to work, etc at the limits of one's capacities or talents 竭尽所能; 全力以赴. ,fully-`fashioned adj (of women's clothing) designed to fit the body closely （指女装）设计得完全合身的. ,fully-`fledged adj 1 (of a young bird) having grown all its feathers （指幼鸟）羽毛丰满的. 2 (fig 比喻) mature and well established 成熟的; 巩固的: Computer science is now a fully-fledged academic subject. 计算机科学目前已是一门成熟的学科. `full back (in hockey, football, etc) defensive player near the goal （曲棍球、 足球等的）後卫. ,full-`blooded adj 1 not of mixed race or breed 纯种的: a ,full-blooded `mare 纯种母马. 2 vigorous and hearty 血气方刚的; 精神饱满的: a ,full-blooded and,passionate `person 既精神又热情的人 * (fig 比喻) a,full-blooded `argument 激烈的争论. ,full-`blown adj (esp of flowers) fully developed; quite open （尤指鲜花）盛开的, 怒放的: ,full-blown `roses 盛开的玫瑰. ,full `board the providing of bed and all meals, in a hotel, etc 全食宿（旅馆等提供住宿和全部伙食）: The price is 20 for bed and breakfast, 25 full board. 住宿加早餐的价钱是20英镑, 全食宿25英镑. Cf 参看 half board (half3). ,full-`bodied adj rich in quality, tone, etc 质地纯正的; 醇厚的; 浓烈的; 声调宏亮的; 雄浑的: a ,full-bodied red `wine 醇厚的红葡萄酒. ,full `house 1 theatre, cinema, etc with all its seats occupied 满座; 客满: We have a full house tonight. 我们今晚客满了. 2 (in poker) set of cards held by a player that consists of three cards of one value and two of another （扑克戏）由叁张同点的及另两张同点的牌组成的一手牌. 3 (in bingo, etc) set of numbers needed to win （宾戈等赌博游戏）为获胜所需的一组号码. ,full-`length adj (a) (of a picture, mirror, etc) showing the whole (human) figure （指照片、 镜子等）照出（人的）全身的.

full4
(b) not shortened; of the expected length 未缩短的; 未删节的; 全长的; 照原有长度的: a,full-length `novel 足本的小说 * a ,full-length `skirt, ie one that reaches the ankles 全长裙（长及踝的）. ,full `marks maximum marks possible in an examination, etc （考试等的）满分: (fig 比喻) I must say I give you full marks for your tactful handling of a difficult situation. 你巧妙地处理了困难的局面, 我得给你打满分. ,full `moon the moon in its fullest phase, with its whole disc illuminated; time when this occurs 满月; 望月. Cf 参看 new moon (new). ,full `page adj filling a complete page 全页的; 整版的: a ,full page ad`vertisement 整版篇幅的广告. ,full-`scale adj not reduced in size; the same size as the object itself; complete 原尺寸的; 与原物同样大小的; 实比的; 完全的; 全面的: a ,full-scale `drawing, `plan, `design, etc 与原物同样大小的图画、 全面的计画、 实比的图样 * (fig 比喻) a ,full-scale reorgani`zation of the department 部门的全面大改组. ,full `stop (also full point, US period) 1 punctuation mark (.) used at the end of a sentence or an abbreviation 句号; 句点. =>App 3 见附录3. 2 (used to indicate finality 用以表示定局) without further qualification 无斟酌馀地: I just think he is very unpleasant, full stop. 我就是认为他很讨厌, 没别的说的. ,full `time end of a game of football, etc （足球等比赛的）终场, 结束. ,full-`time adj for or during the whole of the working day or week 全（工作）日制的; 全（工作）周的: a,full-time `job 一份全日制的工作. adv on a full-time basis 全日制地; 全周地: ,work full-`time 全日制工作. Cf 参看 part-time (part1).

fuller
[5fulE(r); 5full] n person who cleans and thickens freshly woven cloth 漂洗工. 复合： ,fuller's `earth type of clay used for this process 漂白土; 漂土.

fulminate
[5fQlmineit; - 'ful-; 5fulmE7net] v [I, Ipr] ~ (against sb/sth) protest strongly and loudly 强烈抗议; 叱责. 派生： fulmination[7fQlmi'neiFn; - 7ful-; 7fulmE'neFEn] n (a) [U] fulminating 强烈抗议; 叱责. (b) [C] instance of this; bitter protest or criticism 强烈的抗议; 叱责; 激烈的反抗; 严厉的批评.

fulsome
[5fulsEm; 5fulsEm] adj excessive and insincere 过分而虚伪的: * fulsome words, compliments, etc 溢美之词、 恭维等 * be fulsome in one's praise 假意称赞. > fulsomely adv. fulsomeness n [U].

fumble
[5fQmbl; 5fQmbl] v 1 [I, Tn] touch or handle (sth) awkwardly or nervously （笨拙地或紧张地）摸索或处理（某事物）: * He fumbled the ball and then dropped it. 他笨手笨脚地漏接了球. 2 [Ipr] ~ at/for/with sth use the hands awkwardly in doing sth or in search of sth 笨手笨脚地做某事或寻找某物: * fumble in one's pocket for some coins 笨手笨脚地在口袋里摸索几枚硬币 * She fumbled with her notes and began to speak. 她手忙脚乱地翻找讲稿, 然後开始讲话. * fumble for the light switch 摸索电灯开关 * (fig 比喻) fumble for the right thing to say 笨嘴拙舌地寻找恰当的话题. 3 [Ip] ~ about/around move about clumsily in doing sth or in search of sth 笨拙地四处乱走（做某事或寻找某物）: * fumbling around in the dark 在黑暗中瞎撞. 派生： fumble n [sing] act of fumbling 摸索; 笨拙的处理.

fume
[fju:m; fjum] n (usu pl 通常作复数) smoke, gas or vapour that smells strongly （气味强烈的）烟, 气, 汽: * petrol fumes 强烈的汽油味 * The air was thick with cigar fumes. 空气里弥漫着雪茄的烟. 派生： fume v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (at sb/sth) be very angry; show this anger 愤怒; 大怒; 发怒; 发火: fume at the delay 因耽搁而发怒 * By the time we arrived an hour late she was fuming (with rage). 我们晚到了一小时, 她正气得七窍生烟. 2 [I] emit or give off fumes 冒烟; 冒气: The smouldering wreck fumed for days. 燃烧的残骸冒了好几天的烟. 3 [Tn] treat (esp wood) with chemical fumes to darken it 用（化学药品的）烟雾处理（尤指木材）（使其颜色变深）; 熏: fumed oak 熏栎木.

fumigate
[5fju:migeit; 5fjumE7get] v [Tn] destroy infectious germs, insects, etc in (sth) with the fumes ofcertain chemicals 用烟熏（某物）消毒: * The hospital wards were fumigated after the outbreak of typhus. 发现斑疹伤寒以後, 医院的病房进行了烟熏消毒. > fumigation/ 9fju:mI5geIFn; 9fjumE`^eFEn/ n [U].

fun
[fQn; fQn] n [U] 1 enjoyment; pleasure 享乐; 快乐; 娱乐; 乐趣: * We had lots of fun at the fair today. 我们今天在游乐场上玩得很高兴. * It took all the fun out of the occasion when we heard that you were ill. 我们一听说你病了, 欢乐的气氛一扫而光. * What fun it will be when we all go on holiday together. 我们大家一起去度假那可太有意思了. * Have fun! ie Enjoy yourself! 尽情玩儿吧! 2 source of this 有趣的事; 开心的事: * Sailing is (good/great) fun. 帆船运动是一大乐趣. * It's not much fun going to a party alone. 独自一人去参加聚会没什麽意思. 3 playfulness; good humour 滑稽; 幽默: * She's very lively and full of fun. 她很活泼又很幽默. 4 [attrib 作定语] (esp US) amusing; providing pleasure 有趣; 逗笑: * a fun hat 可笑的帽子. 5 (idm 习语) (just) for `fun/for the `fun of it; (just) in `fun for amusement; not seriously; as a joke 取乐; 非认真地; 当笑话: * I'm learning to cook, just for the fun of it. 我正在学做饭, 做着玩儿而已. * He only said it in fun he didn't really mean it. 他只是说着玩儿--并非真是那个意思. fun and `games (infml 口) light-hearted and playful activities 玩耍; 嬉戏: * That's enough fun and games! Let's get down to work. 别再玩儿了! 咱们安下心来工作吧. make fun of sb/sth (cause people to) laugh at sb/sth, usu unkindly; ridicule sb/sth （使人）因某人[某事物]发笑（通常含恶意）; 嘲笑某人[某事物]: * It's cruel to make fun of people who stammer. 嘲笑口吃的人未免不近人情. poke fun at sb/sth => poke1. 复合： `fun-fair (also fair) n collection of outdoor amusements, stalls and side shows, usu in a park 游乐场（露天的娱乐活动、 摊位游戏、 杂耍表演等, 通常於公园中）.

function
[5fQNkFn; 5fQNkFEn] n 1 special activity or purpose of a person or thing 作用; 功能; 机能; 职能; 职责: * to fulfil a useful function 起到有益的作用 * The function of the heart is to pump blood through the body. 心脏的功能是把血液输往全身. * It is not the function of this committee to deal with dismissals. 处理解雇问题不是本委员会的职责. 2 important social event or official ceremony 重大的社交聚会; 典礼; 宴会: * Heads of state attend numerous functions every year. 国家首脑每年要出席很多重大宴会. 3 (mathematics 数) quantity whose value depends on the varying values of others 函数: * X is a function of Y. X是Y的函数. 4 any of the basic operations of a computer （计算机的任何基本的）功能: * What functions can this program perform? 这一程序有哪些功能? 派生： function v 1 [I] work; operate 起作用; 运转: His brain seems to be functioning normally. 他的大脑看来功能正常. * This machine has stopped functioning, ie is out of order. 这机器坏了. 2 [Ipr] ~ as sth work as sth; operate or perform the function(1) of the thing specified 起某物的作用; 具有某物的功能; 起到所述事物的作用: The sofa can also function as a bed. 这沙发也可以当床. * Some English adverbs function as adjectives. 英语中有些副词可作形容词用. functional[-FEnl; -FEnl] adj 1 of or having a function(1) or functions 功能的; 机能的; 职务上的; 有作用的; 有功能的: * a functional duty, title, office 职责、 职称、 职能 * a functional disorder, ie illness caused when an organ of the body fails to perform its function 机能紊乱. 2 practical and useful; not decorative 实用的; 非装饰性的: * functional furniture, clothing, architecture 实用的家具、 衣服、 建 . 3 [pred 作表语] working; able to work 起作用; 运转; 能起作用; 能运转: * Is this machine functional? 这机器能用吗?

function1
* I'm hardly functional if I don't get eight hours' sleep! 我要是不睡上八个小时就无法工作! functionally[-FEnEli; -FEnEli] adv. 复合： `function key (computing 计) key that causes an operation or sequence of operations to be performed 功能键; 操作键: a special function key that displays the help menu 显示求助项目单的特殊功能键.

functionalism
[5fQNkFEnElizEm; 5fQNkFEnl7izEm] n [U] principle in architecture, design, etc that the purpose and use of an object should determine its shape and construction 功能主义, 实用建 主义（主张建 物的形式和结构应取决於其用途）. 派生： functionalist[-FEnElist; -FEnlist] n, adj (believer in the principle) of functionalism 功能主义的; 功能主义者.

functionary
[5fQNkFEnEri; - -neri; 5fQNkFEn7eri] n (often derog 常作贬义) person with official duties 公务员; 官员: * a minor functionary 小官.

fund
[fQnd; fQnd] n 1 [C] sum of money saved or made available for a particular purpose 专款; 基金: * a disaster/relief fund 赈灾[救济]款 * the church restoration fund 教堂修缮基金. 2 [sing] stock or supply of sth 某事物的储备或蕴藏: * a fund of jokes, knowledge, experience, etc 大量的笑话、 知识、 经验等. 3 funds [pl] financial resources; money 资金; 现款: * government funds 政府的资金 * I'm short of funds so I'll pay you next week. 我手头缺钱, 下星期再付给你吧. 4 (idm 习语) in funds having money to spend 有钱花. 派生： fund v [Tn] 1 provide (an institution, a project, etc) with money （为机构、 项目等）拨款: The government is funding another unemployment scheme. 政府正为处理失业问题的另一计画拨款. 2 make (a debt) long-term at a fixed rate of interest 将（短期借款）转为有固定利息的长期借款.

fundamental
[7fQndE'mentl; 7fQndE'mentl] adj 1 (a) of or forming the basis or foundation of sth; essential 基本的; 基础的; 构成基础的; 根本的: * There are fundamentaldifferences between your religious beliefs and mine. 你我的宗教信仰根本不同. (b) serving as a starting-point; basic 作为起点的; 基本的: * the fundamental rules of mathematics 数学的基本法则. 2 most important; central or primary 十分重要的; 主要的; 首要的: * His fundamental concern was for her welfare. 他最关心的是她的幸福. * The fundamental question is a political one. 首要的问题是政治问题. 3 ~ (to sth) essential or necessary 根本的; 必要的: * Hard work is fundamental to success. 必须苦干才能成功. 派生： fundamental n (usu pl 通常作复数) basic rule or principle; essential part 基本规则; 基本原则; 基本原理; 基本部分: the fundamentals of religion, philosophy, art, etc 宗教、 哲学、 艺术等的基本原理. fundamentally[-tEli; -tli] adv basically 基本地; 基础地; 根本地: * Her ideas are fundamentally sound, even if she says silly things sometimes. 即使她有时说些傻话, 她的想法基本上是好的.

fundamentalism
[7fQndE'mentElizEm; 7fQndE'mentl-7izEm] n [U] (in Christian thought) belief that the Bible is literally true and should form the basis of religious thought or practice （基督教学说）原教旨主义, 基要主义（认为《圣经》的经文翔实无误, 应构成宗教的理论或实践的基础）. 派生： fundamentalist[-ist; -ist] n supporter of fundamentalism 原教旨主义者; 基要主义者: * [attrib 作定语] fundamentalist ideas 原教旨主义思想.

funeral
[5fju:nErEl; 5fjunErEl] n 1 (usu religious) ceremony of burying or burning dead people （通常为宗教的）葬礼, 出殡: * When is his funeral? 他的葬礼何时举行? * [attrib 作定语] funeral rites 葬礼 * a funeral procession 送葬的行列 * a funeral march, ie a sad and solemn piece of music suitable for funerals 送葬曲. 2 procession of people at a funeral 送葬人的行列. 3 (idm 习语) it's/that's my, etc funeral (infml 口) it's/that's my, etc particular and unpleasant responsibility 那是我自己的、 某某人的...倒霉事: * `You're going to fail your exams if you don't work hard.’ `That's my funeral, not yours.’ ‘你要不努力, 考试就不会及格.’‘倒霉是我自己的事, 跟你没关系.’ 派生： funereal/fju:'niEriEl; fju'niriEl] adj suitable for a funeral; gloomy; dismal 适於葬礼的; 忧郁的; 凄凉的; 阴沉的: * a funereal expression, atmosphere 忧郁的表情、 凄凉的气氛. 复合： `funeral director (esp US) = undertaker. `funeral parlour (US `funeral home) place where dead people are prepared for burial or cremation 殡仪馆.

fungicide
[5fQndVisaid; 5fQndVE7said] n [C, U] substance that kills fungus 杀真菌剂.

fungus
[5fQNgEs; 5fQNgEs] n (pl -gi[-gai, also -dVai; -gai,-dVai] or ~es[-gEsiz; -gEsiz] ) 1 (a) [C] any of varioustypes of plant without leaves, flowers or green colouring-matter, growing on other plants or decaying matter 真菌; 蕈: * Mildew and mushrooms are fungi. 霉和蘑菇都是真菌. =>illus 见插图. (b) [U] such plants as a group 真菌类植物丛: * The lawn was covered with fungus. 草地上到处都是蘑菇. 2 [U] types of fungus harmful to plants, etc 对植物等有害的真菌: * The roses have fungus. 玫瑰花长了真菌. * [attrib 作定语] a fungus infection 真菌感染. 派生： fungoid[5fQNgCid; 5fQNgCid] adj of or like a fungus （似）真菌的: * fungoid growths 真菌样生长物. fungous[5fQNgEs; 5fQNgEs] adj of, like or caused by fungus （似）真菌的; 由真菌引起的: * fungous diseases 由真菌引起的疾病.

funicular
[fju:'nikjulE(r); fju'nikjEll] n (also funicular railway) railway on a steep slope, with some cars being pulled up by a cable at the same time as others are lowered by it 缆索铁道.

funk
[fQNk; fQNk] n (infml 口) 1 [sing] (also blue funk) (state of) fear or anxiety 恐惧; 忧虑: * She was in a funk about changing jobs. 她害怕变换工作. 2 [C] (derog 贬) coward 胆怯的人; 胆小鬼. 派生： funk v [Tn, Tg] avoid (sth/doing sth) because of fear （因恐惧）避开（某事物[做某事]）: He funked telling her he had lost his job. 他不敢告诉她自己已经失业了.

funky
[fQNki; 5fQNki] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 (sl 俚) (of music, esp jazz) having a characteristic rhythm and expressiveness, like early blues music （指音乐, 尤指爵士乐）有独特节奏和表现力的（像早期布鲁斯乐曲）. 2 (infml approv 口, 褒) very modern; fashionable 新式的; 新型的; 时髦的: * a funky car, party, hairstyle 新型汽车、 新式聚会、 时髦发型.

funnel
[5fQnl; 5fQnl] n 1 tube or pipe that is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, used for pouring liquids, powders, etc into a small opening 漏斗: * I need a funnel to pour petrol into the tank. 我需要一个漏斗把汽油灌进油箱. =>illus at filter 见filter插图. 2 metal chimney on a steam-engine, ship, etc, through which smoke escapes （蒸汽机、 轮船等的）烟囱. 派生： funnel v (-ll-; US -l-) [Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (cause sth to) move through a funnel or a narrow space （使某物）通过漏斗或狭窄的空间: funnel petrol into a can 用漏斗把汽油注入罐中 * The water funnelled through the gorge and out onto the plain. 水穿过峡谷流到平原.

funny
[5fQni; 5fQni] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 causing amusement, laughter, etc 有趣的; 可笑的: * funny stories 好笑的故事 * a funny man 风趣的人 * That's the funniest thing I've ever heard. 那是我听说过的最可笑的事. 2 difficult to explain or understand; strange 难以解释的; 难以理解的; 奇怪的: * A funny thing happened to me today. 今天我遇见个莫名其妙的事. * That's funny he was here a moment ago and now he's gone. 真是怪事--他刚才还在这里, 转眼就走了. * The engine's making a very funny noise. 这发动机有一种很怪的声音. 3 (infml 口) (a) slightly unwell 稍感不适的; 稍不舒服的: * I feel a bit funny today I don't think I'll go to work. 我今天有点儿不舒服--不想上班去了. * That drink has made me feel quite funny. 我喝了那种饮料很不好受. (b) slightly insane; eccentric 轻度疯癫的; 古怪的: * a funny old lady 古怪的女人 * She went a bit funny after her husband died. 她自丈夫死後就变得疯疯癫癫的. 4 (idm 习语) `funny business (infml 口) sth that is illegal, suspicious or not approved of 非法的、 可疑的或不认可的事物: * I want none of your funny business. 我可不干那种非法的事. funny ha-`ha (infml 口) = funny 1. funny pe`culiar (infml 口) = funny 2: * `He's a funny chap.’ `Do you mean funny ha-ha or funny peculiar?’ ‘他这家伙很有意思.’‘你指的是有趣还是古怪?’ 派生： funnily[-ili; -ili] adv in a strange or odd way 奇怪地; 古怪的 (expressing surprise at a coincidence, etc 表示对巧合等的惊奇): * Funnily enough (ie It so happened that) I met her just yesterday. 再没那麽巧的了, 我昨天正碰见她. funniness n [U]. 复合： `funny-bone n part of the elbow which has a very sensitive nerve, and which tingles unpleasantly when it is knocked 麻筋儿（肘端神经极敏感处, 碰撞时产生酥麻感）.

fur
[fE:(r); fE] n [U] 1 soft thick hair covering the bodies of certain animals （某些动物的）浓密的软毛: * The puppies haven't got much fur yet. 小狗还没长出多少毛. 2 [U, C] animal skin(s) with fur on, esp as used for making clothes, etc 动物的毛皮（尤指做服装等用的）: * a coat made of fur 毛皮大衣 * fine fox furs 上等狐皮 * [attrib 作定语] a fur coat 毛皮大衣. 3 [C] garment made of fur 毛皮制成的衣服: * He gave her an expensive fur for her birthday. 他送给她一件昂贵的毛皮衣服作生 日礼物. 4 [U] fabric made to look and feel like fur 外观和手感都像毛皮的织物. 5 [U] coating on a person's tongue during illness 舌苔. 6 [U] (Brit) (US scale) grey crusty coating that forms on the inside of a kettle, pipes, etc from water that contains lime 水锈; 水垢. 7 (idm 习语) make the fur/sparks fly => fly2. 派生： fur v (-rr-) [usu passive 通常用於被动语态: I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (up) (cause sth to) become covered with fur(5,6) 使（某物）生苔、 生水锈: a furred tongue/kettle 长了苔的舌[生了水锈的 ]. furry[5fE:ri; 5fEi] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 of or like fur （似）毛皮的. 2 covered with fur 毛皮覆盖的; 生苔的; 生水锈的: * a furry toy 毛茸茸的玩具.

furbelow
[5fE:bilEu; 5fEbl7o] n (usu pl 通常作复数) showy or unnecessary ornament (on a dress, etc) （连衣裙等的）花哨的或多馀的装饰: * frills and furbelows 褶边和花哨的装饰.

furbish
[5fE:biF; 5fEbiF] v [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) polish, clean or renovate (esp sth that has not been used for a long time) 擦亮, 打扫, 整修（尤指很久没用的物品）: * furbish up an antique sword 擦亮一把古剑.

furious
[5fjuEriEs; 5fjuriEs] adj 1 ~ (with sb)[(at sth) full of violent anger 满腔愤怒的; 大发雷霆的: * She was absolutely furious (at his behaviour). 她（对他的行为）大发雷霆. 2 violent; intense; unrestrained 猛烈的; 强烈的; 激烈的; 极度的: * a furious struggle, storm, debate 激烈的斗争、 猛烈的暴风雨、 激烈的辩论 * She drove off at a furious speed. 她以飞快的速度开车走了. 3 (idm 习语) fast and furious => fast1. > furiously adv.

furl
[fE:l; fEl] v 1 [Tn] roll up and fasten (a sail, a flag, an umbrella, etc) 卷紧, 收拢（帆、 旗子、 伞等）. 2 [I] become furled 变成卷紧的或收拢的: * This fan doesn't furl neatly. 这把扇子摺不上了.

furlong
[5fE:lCN; - -lC:N; 5fElCN] n distance of 220 yards or 201 metres; one eighth of a mile 弗隆, 浪（长度单位, 相当於220码、 201米或1/8英里）. =>App 5 见附录5.

furlough
[5fE:lEu; 5fElo] n [C, U] (permission for) absence from duty, esp that granted to civil servants, soldiers, etc working abroad 休假（许可）（尤指给予在国外工作的官员、 士兵等的）: * six months' furlough 6个月的假期 * going home on furlough 休假回国.

furnace
[5fE:nis; 5fEnis] n 1 enclosed fireplace for heating the water used to warm a building by means of pipes 暖气锅炉. 2 enclosed space or chamber for heating metal, glass, etc to a very high temperature 熔炉: * It's like a furnace in here can we open a window? 这里热得像个火炉--咱们打开窗户好吗?

furnish
[5fE:niF; 5fEniF] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) provide sth with furniture; put furniture in (a place) 为某物提供家具; 用家具布置（某地方）: * furnish a house, a room, an office, etc 用家具布置房子、 房间、 办公室等 * a furnished flat, ie one rented complete with its furniture 连同家具一起出租的公寓 * The room was furnished with antiques. 房间里摆着古董. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.pr] ~ sb/sth with sth; ~ sth (to sb/sth) supply or provide sb/sth with sth 为某人[某物]提供某事物: * furnish a village with supplies/furnish supplies to a village 供应某村庄生活用品 * furnish all the equipment for a major expedition 为一大探险队提供全部装备 * This scandal will furnish the town with plenty of gossip. 这件丑事要在镇上惹出很多闲话. 派生： furnishings n [pl] furniture, equipment, fittings, etc in a room or house （房屋里的）家具与陈设等.

furniture
[5fE:nitFE(r); 5fEnitFl] n [U] movable articles, eg tables, chairs, beds, etc put into a house or an office to make it suitable for living or working in 家具. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xvi.

furore
[fju'rC:ri; 5fjurCr] (US furor[5fju:rC:r; 5fjurCr] ) n [sing] general uproar of admiration or anger 轰动; 骚动: * His last novel created a furore among the critics. 他的最近一部小说在评论家中引起了轰动.

furrier
[5fQriE(r); 5fQril] n person who prepares or sells fur or fur clothing 毛皮加工者; 皮货商.

furrow
[5fQrEu; 5fQro] n 1 long narrow trench cut in the earth, esp by a plough 睱沟; 垄沟: * furrows ready for planting 为播种而睱好的沟. Cf 参看 ridge 1, =>illus at plough 见plough插图. 2 groove resembling this, eg a deep wrinkle in the skin 类似的沟（如皮肤上的皱纹）: * Deep furrows lined his brow. 深深的皱纹布上他的额头. 3 (idm 习语) plough a lonely furrow => plough v. 派生： furrow v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] make furrows in (sth) 睱; 使（某物）起皱纹: newly furrowed fields 刚睱过的田地 * a forehead furrowed by old age and anxiety 因年老和忧虑而起了皱纹的前额.

furry
=> fur.

further
[5fE:TE(r); 5fETl] adj 1 more distant in space, direction or time; farther （空间、 距离或时间上）更远的, 较远的: * The hospital is further down the road. 医院在这条路上, 再往前走就到了. 2 additional; more 附加的; 更多的: * further volumes 後续各卷 * Have you any further questions? 你还有问题吗? * There is nothing further to be said. 没有再多说的了. * The museum isclosed until further notice, ie until another announcement about it is made. 博物馆现正闭馆, 开馆时间另行通知. 派生： further adv 1 at or to a greater distance in space or time; more remote; farther （在时间或空间上）距离更大地, 更远地: It's not safe to go any further. 再往远走就不安全了. * Africa is further from England than France. 非洲距离英国比距离法国远. * Think further back into your childhood. 想想你更小的时候, 回忆一下你的童年. 2 in addition; also 此外; 而且: Further, it has come to my attention... 此外, 我已注意到... 3 to a greater degree or extent 进一步地: I must enquire further into this matter. 我要进一步调查此事. * I can offer you 50, but I can't go any further than that. 我可以付给你50英镑, 不能再多了. 4 (idm 习语) far/farther/further afield => afield. =>Usage at farther 用法见farther. further v [Tn] help the progress or development of (sth); promote 促进或推动（某事）; 增进: further sb's interests 提高某人的兴趣 * further the cause of peace 推动和平事业. furtherance[5fE:TErEns; 5fETlEns] n [U] advancement of sb's interests, a cause, etc 某人兴趣的提高、 某事业的促进等. furthermore[7fE:TE'mC:(r); 5fETl7mCr] adv in addition; moreover 此外; 再者; 而且. furthermost[-mEust; -7most] adj most distant in space or time; furthest (further 1) （在空间或时间上）相隔最远的. 复合： ,further edu`cation formal (but not university) education provided for people older than school age 继续教育（为超过中学学龄的人所设的正规教育, 但并非大学）.

furthest
[5fE:Tist; 5fETist] adj, adv = farthest.

furtive
[5fE:tiv; 5fEtiv] adj (a) done secretly and quietly so as not to be noticed 偷偷摸摸的; 鬼鬼祟祟的: * a furtive glance 偷偷的一瞥 * furtive movements 诡秘的活动. (b) (of a person or his behaviour) sly or secretive, suggesting that one is guilty of sth or does not want to be noticed （指人或行为）躲躲闪闪的; 遮遮掩掩的. > furtively adv. furtiveness n [U].

fury
[5fjuEri; 5fjuri] n 1 [U] wild and violent anger 狂怒; 暴怒: * speechless with fury 气得说不出话来. 2 [C] state or condition of extreme emotion, esp anger or excitement 愤怒; 激动: * He was in one of his uncontrollable furies. 他怒不可遏. * She flew into a fury when I wouldn't lend her any money. 我不借给她钱, 她顿时勃然大怒. 3 [U] strength or violence of activity, weather, etc （活动、 天气等的）激烈, 猛烈: * The fury of the storm abated. 暴风雨的威力已经减弱. 4 [C] fiercely angry person, esp a woman or girl 狂怒的人（尤指女子）; 泼妇. 5 the Furies [pl] (in Greek mythology) goddesses with snakes instead of hair, sent from the underworld to punish crime （希腊神话中）复仇女神. 6 (idm 习语) like fury (infml 口) with great effort, speed, concentration, etc 努力; 飞快; 全神贯注: * He ran like fury to catch the bus. 他拚命奔跑去追赶公共汽车.

furze
[fE:z; fEz] n [U] = gorse.

fuse
1[fju:z; fjuz] n 1 piece of easily burnt material (eg rope, paper) along which a spark moves to ignite a firework, bomb, etc so that it explodes 导火线; 导火索. 2 (US also fuze/fju:z; fjuz] ) device that makes a bomb, shell, etc explode either on impact or at a particular time 引信; 信管; 雷管: * The bomb had been set with a four-hour fuse. 炸弹上装了一个四小时起爆的引信. 3 (idm 习语) on a short fuse => short1.

fuselage
[5fju:zEla:V; - 'fju:sEla:V; 5fjuzl7aV] n body of an aeroplane, ie the part to which the engine(s), wings and tail are fitted （飞机的）机身. =>illus at aircraft 见aircraft插图.

fusilier
[7fju:zE'liE(r); 7fjuzl'ir] n 1 [C] (formerly) soldier armed with a light gun called a musket （旧时）配备轻滑膛枪的士兵. 2 (a) (also esp US fusileer) [C] soldier in certain infantry regiments 某些步兵团的士兵. (b) Fusiliers [pl] any of several infantry regiments formerly armed with light muskets 旧时以轻滑膛枪装备的步兵团: * the Royal Welsh Fusiliers 皇家威尔士步兵团.

fusillade
[7fju:zE'leid; - -sE-; 7fjusl'ed] n 1 continuous or simultaneous shooting of guns （枪炮的）连发, 齐射. 2 (fig 比喻) great outburst of questions, criticism, etc 连珠炮似的质问、 批评等.

fusion
[5fju:Vn; 5fjuVEn] n [C, U] 1 the blending or uniting of different things into one, by melting, etc 熔合; 融合: * the fusion of copper and zinc to produce brass 将铜和锌熔合以制造黄铜 * (fig 比喻) a fusion of ideas 不同思想的混合体. 2 union of atomic nuclei to form a heavier nucleus, usu with energy being released 聚变: * nuclear fusion 核聚变.

fuss
[fQs; fQs] n 1 (a) [U] (esp unnecessary) nervous excitement or activity （尤指不必要的）神经质的激动或活动: * Stop all this fuss and get on with your work. 别大惊小怪的闹了, 继续干你的活儿去吧. (b) [sing] display of excitement, worry, etc, esp over sth unimportant 无谓的激动、 烦恼等: * Don't get into a fuss about nothing. 别没事找事, 自寻烦恼. 2 [sing] angry scene 发怒的场面: * There will be a real fuss if you're caught stealing. 你要是偷东西让人逮着, 那可真够你受的. 3 (idm 习语) make, kick up, etc a fuss (about/over sth) complain strongly 强烈地不满: * She's kicking up an awful fuss about the high rent. 她大喊大叫地抱怨房租太高. make a fuss of/over sb/sth pay particular and often excessive attention to sb/sth 对某人[某事物]过於注意: * Don't make so much fuss over the children. 不要对孩子照顾得太过分. * A lot of fuss was made of the play, but it wasn't a success. 对那出戏不厌其烦地精心计画, 到头来却并不成功. 派生： fuss v 1 [I, Ip] ~ (about) be worried or excited, esp over small things 烦恼, 激动（尤指对小事）: Stop fussing and eat your food! 别大惊小怪的, 吃你的东西吧! * If you keep fussing about, we're sure to be late. 你要是总瞎忙个没完, 我们非迟到不可. 2 [Tn] annoy or disturb (sb) 扰乱, 打搅（某人）: Don't fuss me while I'm driving. 我开车时别打搅我. 3 [Ipr] ~ over sb pay excessive attention to sb ...过於注意某人: He's always fussing over his grandchildren. 他对孙儿们过於操心. 4 (idm 习语) not be fussed (about sb/sth) (infml 口) not care very much 不太关心; 不太注意; 不太在意: `Where do you want to go for lunch?’ `I'm not fussed.’ ‘你想到哪儿去吃午饭?’‘无所谓.’ 复合： `fusspot n (infml 口) very fussy(1,2) person 非常挑剔的人.

fussy
[5fQsi; 5fQsi] adj (-ier, -iest) (usu derog 通常作贬义) 1 nervously active or excited about small things （对小事）神经过敏的, 紧张不安的: * fussy parents 过分操心的父母 * a fussy manner 紧张不安的举止. 2 ~ (about sth) giving too much close attention to detail, etc and therefore difficult to please 挑剔的: * Our teacher is very fussy about punctuation. 我们的老师对标点符号非常重视. * Don't be so fussy (about your food). 你别那麽挑食. 3 (of clothes, design, etc) too full of detail or decoration （指服装、 设计图样等）零碎儿太多的, 装饰太多的: * a fussy pattern 过分装饰的式样. > fussily adv. fussiness n [U].

fustian
[5fQstiEn; - -tFEn; 5fQstFEn] n [U] 1 thick strong coarse cotton cloth 厚而结实的粗棉布; 粗斜纹布: * a jacket (made) of fustian 粗斜纹布（制成）的甲克 * [attrib 作定语] a fustian jacket 粗斜纹布甲克. 2 (dated derog 旧, 贬) talk that sounds impressive but is in fact empty and worthless; bombast 空洞无物的吹嘘; 夸夸其谈.

fusty
[5fQsti; 5fQsti] adj (-ier, -iest) (derog 贬) 1 smelling old, stale or damp 腐臭的; 有霉湿味的: * a fusty room 有潮湿味儿的房间 * This blanket smells a bit fusty. 这毯子有点儿发霉的味儿. 2 old-fashioned; not up-to-date 老式的; 不合潮流的: * a fusty old professor, ie one who has learned much from books, etc but does not know about modern ideas 思想陈腐的老教授. > fustiness n [U].

futile
[5fju:tail; - -tl; 5fjutl] adj producing no result; useless; pointless 无效的; 无用的; 无意义的: * a futile attempt/exercise 无效的尝试[练习] * Their efforts to revive him were futile. 他们对他抢救无效. * What a futile (ie unnecessarily silly) remark! 纯属废话! 派生： futility/fju:'tilEti; fju'tilEti] n [U] uselessness; pointlessness 无效; 无用; 无益: * the futility of war 战争的无谓.

future
[5fju:tFE(r); 5fjutFl] n 1 (a) [U] time that will come after the present 将来; 未来: * in the near/distant future, ie soon/not soon 不久[很久]以後 * Who knows what will happen in the future? 谁知道将来会发生什麽事? (b) [U] events that will happen then 以後将要发生的事: * History influences both the present and the future. 历史既影响现在又影响将来. (c) [C] condition or state of sb/sth then 某人[某事物]今後的情况; 前途; 前景: * Her future is uncertain. 她前途未卜. * The future of this project will be decided by the government. 该计画的前景将由政府决定. 2 [U] possibility of success, happiness, etc coming later; prospects 前途: * I gave up my job because there was no future in it. 我的工作没有前途, 所以我不干了. 3 futures [pl] (commerce 商) goods or shares (share1 3) bought at agreed prices but delivered and paid for later 期货（交易）. 4 (idm 习语) in future from this time onwards 从今以後; 今後: * Please be punctual in future. 今後请准时. 派生： future adj [attrib 作定语] of or taking place in the future 将来的; 未来的; 将要发生的: her future husband, job, prospects 她未来的丈夫、 工作、 前途 * future events 未来的事情 * a future life, ie after death 来生. futureless adj without hope for a (successful) future 无希望的; 无前途的: a futureless career 无前途的职业.

futurism
[5fju:tFErizEm; 5fjutFl7izEm] n [U] movement in art and literature that abandoned tradition and sought to express the energy and growth of a modern mechanized life-style 未来主义, 未来派（主张打破传统的文艺运动, 追求表现现代机械化生活方式的力量与发展）. 派生： futurist n, adj (supporter) of futurism 未来主义的; 未来主义者; 未来派的（文艺家）. futuristic[7fju:tFE'ristik; 7fjutFE'ristik] adj 1 looking suitable for the future or extremely modern; not traditional 合於未来的; 极新潮的; 非传统的: * futuristic design, furniture, housing 新潮的设计、 家具、 房屋等. 2 of or relating to futurism 未来主义的; 与未来主义有关的.

futurity
[fju:'tjuErEti; - -'tuEr-; fju'turEti] n (a) [U] future time; the future 将来; 未来: * gazing into futurity 展望未来. (b) [C often pl 常作复数] future events 将来的事.

fuzz
1[fQz; fQz] n [U] 1 mass of soft light particles; fluff 轻柔的物质; 绒毛: * A peach skin is covered with fuzz. 桃 上有一层细毛. 2 short fine hair that sticks up 竖起来的短细的毛发.

fuzzy
[5fQzi; 5fQzi] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 like fuzz; having a soft and fluffy texture 绒毛般的; 有柔软绒毛的织物; 毛茸茸的: * a fuzzy teddy bear, blanket, sweater 毛茸茸的玩具熊、 毯子、 毛衣 * fuzzy (ie tightly curled) hair 有小卷的毛发. 2 blurred or indistinct, esp in shape or outline模糊的, 不清楚的（尤指形状或轮廓）: * These photographs have come out all fuzzy. 这些照片照得都不清楚. > fuzzily adv. fuzziness n [U].

fwd
abbr 缩写 = forward.

G
string

G, g
[dVi:; dVi] n (pl G's, g's/dVi:z; dViz] ) 1 the seventh letter of the English alphabet 英语字母表的第七个字母: * `God' begins with (a) G/`G'. God一字以G字母开始. 2 G (music 音) the fifth note in the scale of C major C大调音阶中的第五音或音符.

gab
[gAb; gAb] n [U] (infml 口) 1 continuous, esp trivial, chatter （不断的）闲谈, 聊天（尤指琐事）: * Stop your gab! 别闲聊了! 2 (idm 习语) the gift of the gab => gift. 派生： gab v (-bb-) [I, Ip] ~ (on/away) (infml 口) chatter about unimportant things 闲谈; 聊天: They've been gabbing (away) on the phone for nearly an hour. 他们通过电话聊天已经快一小时了.

gabardine
(also gaberdine)[5gAbEdi:n, 7gAbE'di:n; 5gAbl7din, 7gAbl'din] n (a) [U] strong cloth woven in a twill pattern 华达呢, 轧别丁（一种结实的斜纹布）: * [attrib 作定语] a gabardine coat 华达呢大衣. (b) [C] garment (esp a strong raincoat) made of this material 华达呢衣服; （尤指）华达呢雨衣.

gabble
[5gAbl; 5gAbl] v (a) [I, Ip] ~ (on/away) talk quickly and indistinctly 说话急促而含混不清: * Take your time and don't gabble! 说话从容些, 不要快得叫人听不清! (b) [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (out) say sth too quickly to be clearly understood 说话急促使人听不明白. 派生： gabble n [U] fast unintelligible speech 急促而含糊的话: He speaks at such a gabble! 他说话叽哩咕噜的!

gable
[5geibl; 5gebl] n triangular upper part of the side or end of a building, under a sloping roof 山墙; 叁角墙. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page vii. 派生： gabled[5geibld; 5gebld] adj having one or more gables 有山墙的: * a gabled house/roof 有山墙的房子[屋顶].

gad
[gAd; gAd] v (-dd-) (phr v) gad about/around (infml derog 口, 贬) go around from one place to another (usu in search of pleasure and excitement) 游荡（通常为寻欢作乐和寻求刺激）: * While they gad about the world, their children are neglected at home. 他们在世界各地游荡, 孩子在家无人照看. 复合： `gadabout n person who habitually gads about 惯於游荡的人.

gadfly
[5gAdflai; 5gAd7flai] n 1 fly that stings horses and cattle 虻; 牛虻. 2 (derog 贬) annoying person, esp one who provokes others into action by criticism, etc 惹人讨厌的人（尤指用批评等手段怂恿别人采取行动者）.

gadget
[5gAdVit; 5gAdVit] n small mechanical device or tool 小机械; 小器具: * a complicated new gadget for opening tins 复杂的新开罐器. =>Usage at machine 用法见machine. 派生： gadgetry n [U] gadgets collectively 小机械, 小器具（统称）: lots of modern gadgetry 很多现代化的小机械.

Gaelic
n [U], adj 1[5geilik; 5gelik] (language) of the Celtic people of Ireland （爱尔兰的）盖尔人的, 盖尔语. 2[5gAlik, also 'geilik; 5gAlik, 'gelik] (language) of the Celtic people of Scotland （苏格兰的）盖尔人的, 盖尔语.

gaff
1[gAf; gAf] n stick with an iron hook for pulling large fish out of the water 鱼叉（将鱼拉出水者）. 派生： gaff v [Tn] seize (fish) with a gaff 用鱼叉叉（鱼）.

gaffe
[gAf; gAf] n social blunder; indiscreet act or remark 失礼; 失态; 失言: * He didn't realize what a gaffe he'd made. 他没意识到自己已出乖露丑.

gaffer
[5gAfE(r); 5gAfl] n (infml 口) 1 (joc or derog 谑或贬) old fellow 老头子: * That (old) gaffer going into the pub is 90 years old. 走进酒店的那个老头子已经90岁了. 2 (Brit sl 俚) foreman (of a gang of workmen) 工头; 领班.

gag
[gAg; gAg] n 1 (a) thing, esp a piece of cloth, putin or over a person's mouth to prevent him from speaking or shouting 塞入口中或覆於口上的东西（尤指布）（使人不能说话或喊叫）. (b) thing placed in a patient's mouth by a dentist, doctor, etc to keep it open 张口器（牙医等用的）. (c) (fig 比喻) anything that restricts freedom of speech 限制言论自由的任何事物. 2 joke or funny story, esp as part of a comedian's act 笑话或滑稽故事; （尤指喜剧演员的）插科打诨: * a few rather feeble gags 几个没什麽趣的笑话. 派生： gag v (-gg-) 1 [Tn] (a) put a gag(1a) into or over the mouth of (sb); silence 塞住或捂住（某人）的嘴; 使缄默. (b) (fig 比喻) deprive (sb/sth) of free speech 剥夺（某人[某事物]）的言论自由: The new censorship laws are an attempt to gag the press. 新的新闻审查法目的在於剥夺新闻界的言论自由. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (on sth) (infml 口) choke or retch 窒息; 作呕: gagging on a piece of raw fish 因吃一块生鱼而作呕. 3 [I] make jokes 插科打诨.

gaga
[5ga:ga:; 5gaga] adj [usu pred 通常作表语] (infml 口) senile; slightly crazy 老朽; 疯疯癫癫: * He has gone quite gaga. 他有点儿老糊涂了.

gage
(US) = gauge.

gaggle
[5gAgl; 5gAgl] n 1 flock (of geese) （鹅）群. 2 (fig 比喻) group of noisy or talkative people 一群（喧哗或多话的人）: * a gaggle of tourists, schoolchildren, etc 一群喧闹的游客, 小学生等.

gaiety
[5geiEti; 5geEti] n [U] merriment; cheerfulness; being gay(2) 快乐; 欢乐; 愉快: * The colourful flags added to the gaiety of the occasion. 彩旗给这次盛会增添了欢乐的气氛. Cf 参看 gayness (gay).

gaily
=> gay.

gain
1[gein; gen] n 1 [U] increase in wealth; profit; advantage 财富的增加; 利润; 利益: * One man's loss is another man's gain. 一人之失即是他人之得. * We hope for some gain from our investment. 我们希望投资有利可图. 2 [C] increase in amount or power; improvement 数量或力量的增加; 增进: * a gain in weight of two pounds 体重增加两磅 * Heavy gains were recorded on the Stock Exchange today. 今日股票价格大幅上升. 派生： gainful[-fl; -fEl] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] profitable; bringing wealth 有利益的; 带来财富的: * gainful employment 有报酬的工作. gainfully adv profitably; usefully 有利益地; 有用地.

gainsay
[7gein'sei; 7gen'se] v (pt, pp gainsaid[-'sed;-'sed] ) [Tn] (arch 古) (usu in negative sentences or questions 通常用於否定句或疑问句) contradict (sb/sth); deny (sth) 反驳（某人[某事物]）; 否认（某事物）: * There's no gainsaying his honesty, ie We cannot deny that he is honest. 他为人诚实无可否认.

gait
[geit; get] n [sing] manner of walking or running 步态; 步法: * with an unsteady gait 脚步不稳.

gaiter
[5geitE(r); 5getl] n covering of cloth, leather, etc for the leg from the ankle to below the knee （布、 皮等的）绑腿: * a pair of gaiters 一副绑腿.

gal
[gAl; gAl] n (dated infml 旧, 口) girl 姑娘.

gala
[5ga:lE; - 'geilE; 5gelE] n social, sporting or theatrical occasion with special features （社交、 体育、 戏剧等的）特别场合, 盛会: * a swimming gala 游泳运动会 * [attrib 作定语] a gala dinner, night, performance 联欢宴会、 晚会、 演出会.

galactic
[gE'lAktik; gE'lAktik] adj of a galaxy or the Galaxy 星系的; 银河系的.

galantine
[5gAlEnti:n; 5gAlEn7tin] n [U] white meat, boned, spiced, cooked in the form of a roll and served cold 肉卷（禽肉、 小牛肉或猪肉等去骨加香料制成卷状, 冷食）.

galaxy
[5gAlEksi; 5gAlEksi] n 1 [C] any of the large systems of stars in outer space 星系. 2 the Galaxy [sing] (also the Milky Way) the system of stars that contains our solar system, seen as a luminous band in the sky 银河系; 银河. 3 [C] (fig 比喻) group of brilliantly talented people 一群杰出的人: * a galaxy of talent, beautiful women, film stars 一群才子、 美女、 电影明星.

gale
[geil; gel] n 1 very strong wind (force 8 on the Beaufort Scale); storm (at sea) 大风（蒲福风级的8级）; （海上的）风暴: * It's blowing a gale outside. 外面刮着大风. * The ship lost its masts in the gale. 这船的桅杆都在风暴中刮掉了. * [attrib 作定语] a gale warning 大风警报 * gale-force winds 大风级的风. 2 (fig 比喻) noisy outburst 一阵喧闹: * gales of laughter 阵阵笑声.

gall
1[gC:l; gCl] n [U] 1 bitter liquid secreted by the liver; bile 胆汁. 2 (fig 比喻) bitter feeling; hatred or resentment 怨恨; 怨愤: * words full of venom and gall 充满恶毒怨恨的话. 3 (infml fig 口, 比喻) impudence; impertinence 厚颜; 鲁莽: * Of all the gall! ie What impudence! 脸皮真厚! 复合： `gall-bladder n (anatomy 解) organ attached to the liver that stores and releases bile 胆囊. =>illus at digestive 见digestive插图. `gallstone n hard mass forming in the gall-bladder and sometimes causing pain 胆石. Cf 参看 stone 6.

gallant
[5gAlEnt; 5gAlEnt] adj 1 (fml or rhet 文或修辞) brave 勇敢的; 英勇的: * a gallant knight, soldier, etc 勇敢的骑士、 战士等 * a gallant deed, effort, struggle 英勇的事迹、 尝试、 斗争. 2 fine; grand; stately 华丽的; 堂皇的; 壮丽的; 雄伟的: * a gallant ship 豪华的船. 3/also'gE'lnt; gE'lAnt] (of a man) giving special attention and respect to women （指男子）向女子献殷勤的. 派生： gallant[5gAlEnt, also gE'lAnt; 5gAlEnt, gE'lAnt] n fashionable young man, esp one who is attentive to women 时髦的青年男子（尤指向女子献殷勤的）. gallantly adv. gallantry[5gAlEntri; 5gAlEntri] n 1 [U] bravery 勇气; 勇敢; 英勇: * a medal for gallantry 勇敢勋章. 2 [U, C] special attentiveness (of a man) to women （男子）对女子的殷勤: * He won many hearts by his gallantry. 他以殷勤热情赢得芳心无数.

galleon
[5gAliEn; 5gAliEn] n large Spanish sailing-ship used from the 15th to the 17th century （用於15至17世纪的）西班牙大帆船.

gallery
[5gAlEri; 5gAlEri] n 1 [C] room or building for showing works of art 美术品陈列室或展览馆: * a `picture-gallery 美术展览馆. 2 (a) [C] highest and cheapest seats in a theatre （戏院中票价最廉的）顶层楼座: * Four tickets for the gallery, please. 请给我四张顶层楼座的票. (b) [Gp] people occupying these 顶层楼座的观众. 3 [C] raised covered platform or passage along an inner wall of a hall, church, etc （大厅、 教堂等中沿内壁伸展的有檐的）廊台. 4 [C] covered walk or corridor partly open at one side; colonnade 走廊; 柱廊. 5 [C] long narrow room, esp one used for a particular purpose 狭长的房间（尤指有特殊用途的）: * a `shooting-gallery 室内靶场. 6 [C] horizontal underground passage in a mine （矿坑中的）水平巷道. Cf 参看 shaft 7. 7 (idm 习语) play to the `gallery behave in an exaggerated way to attract the attention of onlookers 以大动作吸引旁观者.

galley
[5gAli; 5gAli] n 1 (formerly) long flat ship, usu rowed by slaves or criminals; ancient Greek or Roman warship （旧时）平底大船（通常由奴隶或囚犯用浆划行的）; （古代希腊或罗马的）战舰. 2 kitchen in a ship or an aircraft （船上或航空器上的）厨房. 3 long tray used by printers for arranging type 长形活字盘. 复合： `galley proof (also galley) printed proof1(4a) on a long slip of paper before it is divided into pages 长条校样（尚未分成单页者）. `galley-slave n 1 person forced to row in a galley （古代希腊或罗马的）被迫划桨的人. 2 (fig 比喻) person made to work like a slave 像奴隶般做苦工的人.

Gallic
[5gAlik; 5gAlik] adj (a) of Gaul or the Gauls 高卢的; 高卢的人. (b) of the French people and theircharacter 法国人及其性格的: * Gallic charm, sophistication,wit, etc 法国人的魅力、 世故、 机智等. 派生： Gallicism[5gAlisizEm; 5gAlE7sizEm] n French word or expression used in another language （用於他国语言中的）法语词语: * `Deja vu' is a Gallicism often used in English. deja vu是英语中常用的法语词语.

gallivant
[7gAli'vAnt, 'gAlivAnt; 7gAlE'vAnt, 'gAlE-7vAnt] v (phr v) gallivant about (infml derog 口, 贬) (usu in the continuous tenses 通常用於进行时态) go about from one place to another (usu in search of pleasure) 游荡（通常为寻欢作乐）: * They should spend less time gallivanting about and more with their children. 他们应少到各处游荡, 多用些时间照看子女.

gallon
[5gAlEn; 5gAlEn] n measure for liquids; four quarts (4.5 litres) 加仑（液量单位, 合4夸脱或4.5升）. =>App 5 见附录5.

gallop
[5gAlEp; 5gAlEp] n 1 (a) [sing] fastest pace (of a horse, etc) with all four feet off the ground at each stride （马等的）飞跑, 奔驰: * He rode off at a gallop. 他骑着马飞奔而去. * at full gallop （马）飞奔. Cf 参看 walk1 1d. (b) [C] period of riding at this pace 骑马奔驰: * to go for a gallop 骑马奔驰一番. 2 [sing] (fig 比喻) unusually fast speed 飞快: * to work at a gallop 工作速度快. 派生： gallop v 1 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip] (of a horse, etc or a rider) go at a gallop （指马等或骑者）飞奔, 奔驰: The frightened horse galloped away. 受惊的马飞奔而去. * I enjoy galloping over the fields. 我喜欢骑着马在田野奔驰. =>Usage at run1 用法见run1. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (of a rider) cause (a horse, etc) to go at a gallop （指骑者）使（马等）飞奔, 奔驰: He galloped the horse along the track. 他沿着跑道骑马奔驰. 2 (phr v) gallop ahead (of sb) progress rapidly 飞速前进: Japan is galloping ahead in the race to develop new technologies. 日本在发展新技术的竞争中突飞猛进. gallop through sth complete sth rapidly 急速做完某事物: gallop through one's work, a lecture, a performance 快马加鞭做完工作、 讲完课、 结束表演.

gallows
[5gAlEuz; 5gAloz] (also the gallows) n (pl unchanged; usu sing with sing v 复数不变, 通常作单数,与单数动词连用) wooden framework on which criminals are put to death by hanging 绞架: * to send a man to the gallows, ie condemn him to death 把一男子送上绞架（处死）. 复合： gallows `humour jokes about unpleasant things like death, disease, etc 伤感的幽默（有关死亡、 疾病等不快事的笑话）.

Gallup poll
[5gAlEp pEul; 5gAlEp'pol] assessment of public opinion by questioning a representative sample of people, esp in order to forecast voting at an election 盖洛普民意测验（尤指为预测大选的结果）.

galore
[gE'lC:(r); gE'lCr] adv (usu approv 通常作褒义) (following ns 用於名词之後) in plenty 很多: * to have books, food, friends, money galore 有很多书、 食物、 朋友、 金钱.

galoshes
[gE'lCFiz; gE'laFiz] n [pl] rubber overshoes worn in wet weather （雨天用的）胶套鞋: * a pair of galoshes 一双胶套鞋.

galumph
[gE'lQmf; gE'lQmf] v (phr v) ~ up, down, etc (infml joc 口, 谑) walk, run, etc noisily or clumsily 笨拙地走、 跑等（或发出嘈声）: * The children came galumphing into the house like a herd of elephants. 孩子们像一群大象一样乱哄哄地闯进房子里.

galvanic
[gAl'vAnik; gAl'vAnik] adj 1 producing an electric current by chemical action （由化学作用）产生电流的: * a galvanic battery 原电池 * galvanic electricity 动电. 2 (fig 比喻) sudden, jerky and dramatic (as if produced by an electric shock) 突然的、 痉挛的和剧烈的（似被电击般的）: * a galvanic effect, movement, smile 突然而振奋的效果、 动作、 微笑.

galvanize, galvanise
[5gAlvEnaiz; 5gAlvE7naiz] v 1 [Tn] coat (iron) with zinc to protect it from rust 用锌镀（铁）（防锈）: * a galvanized bucket, nail, hinge, etc 镀锌的铁桶、 钉子、 铰链等 * galvanized wire 铅丝. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (into sth/doing sth) shock sb into action 激起某人行动起来: * The manager's arrival galvanized the workers into activity. 经理一来, 工人闻风而动. > galvanization,-isation[7gAlvEnai'zeiFEn; - -ni'zei-; 7gAlvEnE'zeFEn] n [U].

gambit
[5gAmbit; 5gAmbit] n 1 opening move(s) in chess in which a player sacrifices a piece in order to win an advantage later （国际象棋的）开局让棋法. 2 (fig 比喻) opening move in any situation that is calculated to win an advantage 为获得优势采取的第一步行动: * His opening gambit at the debate was a direct attack on Government policy. 他在辩论中的策略是先直接抨击政府的政策.

gamble
[5gAmbl; 5gAmbl] v 1 (a) [I, Ipr] play games of chance, etc for money 赌博: * gamble at cards, on the horses, etc 赌纸牌、 马等 * He spends all his time gambling in the casino. 他把时间都消磨在赌场的赌博上. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (on sth) spend (money) by playing such games, etc 用（钱）赌博: * He gambled all his winnings on the last race. 他把赢得的钱全压在最後一场赛马上了. 2 (phr v) ~ sth away lose sth by gambling 赌博输掉某物: * gamble away all one's money 把所有的钱都输光. gamble in sth risk money by investing in (a specified commodity) 对（某商品）作冒险投资: * gamblein oil (shares) 做石油（股票）投机生意. gamble on sth/doing sth act in the hope of sth being successful, true, etc despite the risk of loss 不顾损失而冒险行动或碰运气: * gamble on (having) sb's support 孤注一掷希望获得某人支持 * I wouldn't gamble on the weather being fine. 我可不指望天气能一直好下去. 派生： gamble n 1 act of gambling; undertaking with a risk of loss and a chance of profit 打赌; 投机; 冒险; 碰运气: Setting up this business was a bit of a gamble. 开办这样的公司有点冒险. 2 (idm 习语) take a gamble (on sth) gamble 赌博; 冒险而为: The company took a gamble by cutting the price of their products, and it paid off, ie was financially successful. 公司冒险将产品削价出售, 结果赢利. gambler[5gAmblE(r); 5gAmbll] n person who gambles赌博者: * a habitual gambler 赌徒. gambling[5gAmbliN; 5gAmbliN] n [U] (a) playing games, etc for money 赌博; 赌钱: * [attrib 作定语] heavy gambling debts 沉重的赌债. (b) taking risks for possible advantage 冒险; 投机: * to have a taste for gambling 爱冒险.

gamboge
[gAm'bu:V; - -'bEudV; gAm'bodV] n [U] (a) deep yellow resin used as colouring matter by artists 藤黄. (b) colour of this 橙黄色.

gambol
[5gAmbl; 5gAmbl] v (-ll-) (US also -l-) [I, Ip] jump or skip about playfully （嬉戏地）跳跃, 蹦跳: * children/lambs gambolling (about/around) （四处）嬉戏蹦跳的儿童[羊羔]. 派生： gambol n act of gambolling 跳跃; 蹦跳.

game
1[geim; gem] n 1 [C] (a) form of play or sport with rules 游戏; 运动: * popular children's games 儿童喜爱的游戏 * a game of chance/skill 一种碰运气的[赛技巧的]游戏. (b) instance of this 游戏; 运动: * to play a game of chess, football, hide-and-seek, etc 下棋、 踢足球、 捉迷藏 * Let's have a game of snooker. 咱们打一局台球吧. =>Usage at sport 用法见sport. 2 games [pl] (a) athletics or sport as part of a school curriculum （学校的）体育活动: * Mary never played games at school. 玛丽在学校从不参加体育活动. (b) (also the Games) (international) athletic contests （国际）体育比赛, 运动会: * the Olympic/Commonwealth/Highland `Games 奥林匹克[英联邦/苏格兰高地]运动会. 3 [C] part of a game (eg tennis or bridge) that forms a scoring unit （网球或桥牌的）一局, 一盘, 一场: * We need another twenty points to make game, ie in bridge. 我们需再打20分才够一局（桥牌）. * They lost the first game of the second set, ie in tennis. 他们在第二盘中输了第一局（网球赛）. * (one) game all, two games all, etc, ie each player or team has won one game, two games, etc 各赢一局、 各赢两局等 * Game, set and match (to...), ie The tennis match has been won (by...) 赢得这局、 盘、 场网球赛的是... * [attrib 作定语] game `point, ie stage in a competition when one point is needed to win the game （比赛中）决胜的一分. 4 [C] set of equipment for playing a game （游戏或运动的）器材: * My uncle always gives us a `board game for Christmas. 我叔叔每逢圣诞节总要送给我们一副棋. 5 [C] (usu sing 通常作单数) (infml 口) (a) secret and cunning plan; trick 诡计; 计谋; 花招: * So that's his (little) game! ie Now I know what he has been planning. 原来那就是他的鬼点子! * I wish I knew what her game is, ie what she is planning to do. 但愿我知道她打的是什麽主意. (b) type of activity or business 活动类型; 行业:

game1
* the `publishing game 出版业 * the game of `politics 政治工作 * How long have you been in `this game? 你从事这一行业有多久了? 6 [U] (flesh of) wild animals or birds hunted for sport or food 猎物; 野兽或野禽的肉: * [attrib 作定语] game `pie 野味馅饼. 7 (idm 习语) beat sb at his own game => beat1. easy game => easy1. fair game => fair1. fun and games => fun. the ,game is not worth the `candle (saying 谚) the advantages to be gained from doing sth are not worth the trouble, expense, etc involved 不值得做; 得不偿失. the game is `up (usu said to or by a wrongdoer when he is caught 抓到做坏事者时说的话或做坏事者被抓到时的自语) your/our crime, trickery, etc has been discovered 事情已败露了; 你[我们]完蛋了. a game that `two can play; `two can play at `that game (that is a) wrongdoing or trick that a victim can copy in return 那一套你会我也会. give the `game away carelessly reveal a secret 不慎泄露秘密; 露马脚. the luck of the game => luck. a mug's game => mug2. the name of the game => name1. (be) ,off one's `game unable to play as well as usual 竞技状态不佳; 发挥失常. (be) on the `game (sl 俚) involved in prostitution or thieving 卖淫; 行窃. play a cat-and-mouse game with sb => cat1. play the `game (a) play according to the rules 按规矩办事; 遵守规则. (b) (fig 比喻) act in a fair or honourable way 办事公道; 光明正大: * John only pretends to do his share of the work; he's just not playing the game. 约翰只是装成做他那份工作, 实际上并不真心好好干. play sb's game act so as to further sb's plans intentionally or unintentionally 有意或无意地促进某人 的计画: * She didn't realize that by complaining she was only playing Peter's game. 她未曾想发牢骚无形中反倒帮了彼得的忙. a waiting game => wait1. 复合： `game bird bird that is hunted and killed for food or sport 可捕猎的鸟. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page v.

game2
`gamecock n cock bred for cock-fighting 斗鸡. `gamekeeper n man employed to breed and protect game birds on an estate 猎禽看守人（繁殖和保护猎禽者）. `game reserve area of land reserved for the breeding and protection of game1(6) 猎物繁殖和保护区. `gamesmanship n [U] art of winning games by upsetting the confidence of one's opponent 比赛中藉挫伤对手自信心以取胜的策略. `game-warden n person employed to manage a game reserve （猎物繁殖与保护区的）管理员, 经理人.

gamete
[5gAmi:t; 5gAmit] n (biology 生) sexual cell able to unite with another in reproduction 配子. > gametic/gE'metik; gE'metik] adj.

gaming
[5geimiN; 5gemiN] n [U] (dated or law 旧或律) gambling 赌博: * [attrib 作定语] the Betting and Gaming Act 赌博法 * spending all night at the gaming tables 在赌桌旁彻夜赌博.

gamma
[5gAmE; 5gAmE] n the third letter of the Greek alphabet 希腊字母表的第叁个字母. 复合： ,gamma `globulin[5glCbjulin; 5glabjulin] (medical 医) form of protein, found in blood plasma, which gives protection against certain illnesses 丙种球蛋白; gammon /// [5gAmEn; 5gAmEn] n [U] (esp Brit) bacon from the hind leg or side of a pig 腌猪後腿: * [attrib 作定语] gammon rashers 火腿肉片. Cf 参看 bacon, ham1, pork.

gammy
[5gAmi; 5gAmi] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (infml 口) (of a limb or joint) unable to function normally through pain or stiffness （指四肢或关节）（因疼痛或僵直）不能正常活动的, 瘸的, 跛的: * a gammy leg/knee 不能正常活动的腿[膝]. Cf 参看 game3.

gamut
[5gAmEt; 5gAmEt] n 1 the gamut [sing] complete range or scale (of sth) 全范围; 全部: * the whole gamut of human emotions from joy to despair 人类情感包括欢乐及绝望之间的整个范围. 2 (idm 习语) run the gamut (of sth) experience or perform the complete range of sth 全过程: * In his short life he had run the entire gamut of crime, from petty theft to murder. 他在短短的一生中, 从小偷小摸到杀人, 什麽罪都犯过.

gander
[5gAndE(r); 5gAndl] n 1 [C] male goose 雄鹅. 2 [sing] (infml 口) look, glance 看一眼; 一瞥: * have/take a gander at sth 看某物一眼. 3 (idm 习语) what's sauce for the goose is sauce for the gander => sauce.

gang
[gAN; gAN] n [CGp] 1 organized group of criminals （罪犯有组织的）一帮, 一伙: * The gang are being hunted by the police. 警方正在追捕这帮匪徒. Cf 参看 gangster. 2 group of young people, usu males in their teens and early twenties, who are typically troublesome （闹事的青少年, 通常指男性）一群, 一伙: * The phone box was vandalized by a gang of youths. 那电话亭被一群少年歹徒故意破坏了. * [attrib 作定语] gang warfare, ie fighting between rival gangs 打群架. 3 organized group of workers （工人有组织的）一队, 一组: * a gang of builders, roadmenders, etc 一队建 工、 修路工等. 4 [sing] (infml 口) group of people who regularly associate together （经常来往的）一伙人: * The whole gang's here tonight. 今晚伙伴们都在这里. * Don't go around with that gang or you'll come to no good! 别跟那伙人 混在一起, 否则绝没有好下场. * (esp US) Hi, gang! 嘿, 伙计们! 派生： gang v (phr v) gang together; gang up (with sb) (against sb) (derog 贬) act together (with sb) (against sb) （和某人）合伙（对付他人）. gang up on sb (derog 贬) join together to hurt or frighten sb 结伙伤害或恐吓某人: bigger/older boys ganging up on smaller/younger ones 高大的[年纪大的]小伙子结伙欺侮身材[年纪]较小的男孩. ganger[5gNE(r); 5gANl] n (Brit) foreman of a gang of workers 工头; 监工. 复合： gangland n [sing] world of criminal gangs 犯罪集团的活动范围: [attrib 作定语] gangland killings 犯罪集团间的杀戮.

gangling
[5gANgliN; 5gANgliN] (also gangly[5gNgli;'gANgli] ) adj (of a person) tall, thin and awkward-looking （指人）瘦长而难看的: * a gangling youth 瘦长而难看的青年.

ganglion
[5gANgliEn; 5gANgliEn] n (pl ~s or -lia[-liE; -liE] ) group of nerve cells from which nerve fibres radiate 神经节.

gangplank
[5gANplNk; 5gAN7plANk] n movable plank for walking into or out of a boat; (small) gangway （上下船用的）跳板.

gangrene
[5gANgri:n; 5gANgrin] n [U] decay and death of body tissue when the blood supply has been stopped 坏疽: * When gangrene set in, his foot had to be amputated. 他的脚生了坏疽, 必须截除. > gangrenous[5gN-grinEs; 5gANgrinEs] adj.

gangster
[5gANstE(r); 5gANstl] n member of a gang of armed criminals 匪徒; 歹徒: * [attrib 作定语] gangster films 描写盗匪的影片.

gangway
[5gANwei; 5gAN7we] n 1 movable bridge for entering or leaving a ship （上下船用的）跳板. 2 (Brit) passage between two rows of seats in a theatre, concert-hall, etc （剧场、 音乐厅等的）座间甬道, 过道. > gangway interj (used for telling people to get out of one's way 用以叫人让路).

ganja
[5gAndVE; 5gAndVE] n [U] = cannabis.

gannet
[5gAnit; 5gAnit] n large sea-bird that catches fish by diving 塘鹅.

gantry
[5gAntri; 5gAntri] n tall metal frame supporting a crane, signals on a railway or motorway, rocket-launching equipment, etc 金属台架; （起重的）龙门架; （铁路或高速公路的）信号机架; （火箭发射设备的）竖架.

gaol
(US usu 美式英语通常作 jail)[dVeil; dVel] n [C, U] prison 监狱: * The castle had been used as a gaol. 那城堡曾用作监狱. * be sent to gaol, ie be imprisoned 入狱 * spend a year in gaol 入狱一年. 派生： gaol (US usu 美式英语通常作 jail) v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth) put sb in gaol 监禁某人: He was gaoled for six months for his part in the robbery. 他因参与抢劫监禁了六个月. gaoler (US usu 美式英语通常作 jailer, jailor)[ 5dVeIlE(r); `dVelL/ n person in charge of a gaol and the prisoners in it 监狱看守. 复合： `gaolbird (US usu 美式英语通常作 `jailbird) n (dated infml 旧, 口) person (habitually) sent to prison 囚犯; 惯犯. `gaolbreak (US usu 美式英语通常作 `jail-break) n escape from prison 越狱.

gap
[gAp; gAp] n ~ (in/between sth) 1 opening or break in sth or between two things 缺口; 裂口; 豁口: * a gap in a fence, hedge, wall, etc 篱笆、 树篱、 墙壁等的豁口 * The road goes through a gap in/between the hills. 公路从山间峡谷穿过. 2 unfilled interval of space （空间的）间隔: * a gap of five miles between towns 镇与镇之间 相隔五英里 * (fig 比喻) There were some unaccountable gaps in (ie parts missing from) his story. 他讲的话有些地方连贯不起来. 3 unfilled interval of time; lapse （时间的）间隙, 间断: * a gap in the conversation 谈话中的停顿 * After a gap of 30 years the custom was reintroduced. 这一风俗中断了30年後又兴起来了. * a temporary job to fill the gap between school and university 高中毕业到升入大学前这段时间的临时工作. 4 (fig 比喻) separation 分离: * a wide gap between the opinions of two people 两人意见的巨大分歧. 5 (fig 比喻) deficiency which needs to be filled 需加填补的不足、 缺陷或空白: * a gap in one's education 个人受教育上的缺欠 * There was a terrible gap in her life after her husband died. 她在丈夫去世後生活中有过一段难堪的日子. * a gap in the market, ie absence of a type of article which people might wish to buy 市场上某货物的脱销. 6 (idm 习语) bridge a/the gap => bridge. a credibility gap => credibility (credible). the generation gap => generation. 复合： `gap-toothed adj having teeth which are wide apart 牙齿间缝隙很大的.

gape
[geip; gep] v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (at sb/sth) (often derog 常作贬义) stare with an open mouth, usu in surprise 目瞪口呆地凝视: * Don`t gape : * it`s rude! 别张着嘴傻瞪着, 太不礼貌了! * What are you gaping at? 你目蹬口呆地看着什麽? 2 [La, I] be or become open wide 张开; 张大: * A huge chasm gaped before them. 他们面前有个巨大的裂痕. * a gaping hole, wound, chasm 很大的洞、 伤口、 裂隙 * a shirt gaping open with a button missing 丢一颗钮扣而敞开着的衬衫. 派生： gape n open-mouthed stare 张口凝视: gapes of astonishment on the faces of the spectators 观众目瞪口呆的惊讶表情.

garage
[5gAra:V, 'gAridV; - gE'ra:V; gE'raV] n 1 building in which to keep one or more cars, vans, etc 汽车房; 汽车库; 汽车间: * a house with a separate/built-in garage 另设[附设]汽车房的房子 * a bus garage 公共汽车车库. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page vii. 2 (Brit) (US `service station) roadside petrol station where vehicles can be serviced and repaired （兼作汽车维修等的）加油站: * [attrib 作定语] a garage mechanic 加油站技工. 派生： garage v [Tn] put (a motor vehicle) in a garage 将（机动车辆）送入车房. 复合： garage sale (US) = car-boot sale (car).

garb
[ga:b; garb] n [U] (style of) clothing (esp as worn by a particular type of person) 服装, 服装式样（尤指某类人穿的）: * military garb 军装 * a man in priest's garb/in the garb of a priest 穿着牧师服装的人 * in strange, unusual, odd, etc garb 装束奇异、 不寻常、 古怪等. 派生： garb v [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] dress (sb) in the stated way 穿某种服装: a strangely garbed man 衣着奇特的男子 * women garbed in black 穿黑衣的女子.

garbage
[5ga:bidV; 5garbidV] n 1 [U] (esp US) (a) waste material, esp domestic refuse 废物; （尤指家庭的）垃圾: * [attrib 作定语] garbage collection/disposal 垃圾收集[处理] * a garbage truck 垃圾车. (b) place or receptacle for disposing of this 垃圾场; 垃圾箱: * Throw any left-over food in the garbage. 把剩下的食物倒进垃圾箱里. 2 [U] (fig infml 比喻, 口) nonsense; rubbish 废话; 无聊的话: * You do talk a load of garbage! 你的废话太多了! 3 [U] (fig computing 比喻, 计) meaningless or irrelevant data 无意义的或无关联的资料或数据. 4 (idm 习语) garbage `in, garbage `out (infml 口) (in computing) if you input wrong data, the output will also be wrong （计算机运算中）错进, 错出（若输入错误数据, 则输出亦为错误数据）. 复合： `garbage can (US) = dustbin (dust).

garbled
[5ga:bld; 5garbld] adj (of a message) confusedor misleading （指信息）混乱的, 引起误解的: * The injured man was still groggy and could only give a garbled account of the accident. 受伤的男子仍不很清醒, 只能含糊地说出事故的情形.

garden
[5ga:dn; 5gardn] n 1 [C, U] (piece of) private ground used for growing flowers, fruit, vegetables, etc, typically with a lawn or other open space for recreation （私人的）花园、 果园、 菜园等园地: * We've only a small garden. 我们的花园很小. * a big house with a lot of garden 有大片园地的大房子 * a formal garden 整齐的传统式花园 * weeding the garden 给菜园除草 * [attrib 作定语] a garden wall 花园的墙 * garden flowers/plants 园艺花卉[植物]. 2 gardens [pl] public park 公园: * botanical/zoological gardens 植物园[动物园]. 3 [C] place where refreshments are served out of doors 户外供应饮食的场所: * a beer/tea garden 露天啤酒店[茶座]. 4 [sing] (fig 比喻) fertile region 沃土地区: * Kent is the garden of England. 肯特郡是英格兰的肥田沃地. 5 (idm 习语) a bear garden => bear1. common or garden => common1. everything in the garden is `lovely (saying 谚) everything is very satisfactory 样样满意. lead sb up the garden path => lead3. 派生： garden v [I] cultivate a garden 从事园艺活动; 种植花木: She's outdoors gardening every afternoon. 她每天下午都在户外搞园艺. gardener[5ga:dnE(r); 5gardnl] n person who works in a garden, either for pay or as a hobby 园丁; 花匠; 园艺爱好者. gardening[5ga:dniN;'gardniN] n [U] cultivating of gardens 园艺: * fond of gardening 喜爱园艺 * [attrib 作定语] gardening gloves, tools 园艺用手套、 工具. 复合： `garden centre place where plants, seeds, gardening equipment, etc are sold 花卉店（出售各种植物、 种籽、 园艺工具等）. garden `city, garden `suburb city or suburb designed with many open spaces and planted with many trees （多空地、 种有大量树木的）花园城市或市郊. `garden party formal social gathering on a lawn or in a garden, usu in the afternoon 游园会（通常在下午举行）.

gardenia
[ga:'di:niE; gar'diniE] n 1 tree or shrub with large white or yellow flowers, usu sweet-smelling 栀子. 2 its flower 栀子花.

gargantuan
[ga:'gAntjuEn; gar'gAntFuEn] adj enormous; gigantic 巨大的; 庞大的: * a gargantuan appetite, meal, person 胃口极佳、 丰盛的饭菜、 巨人.

gargle
[5ga:gl; 5gargl] v [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) wash the throat with liquid kept moving about by a stream of breath 含漱; 漱喉: * He always gargles (with salt water) before going to bed. 他睡前总是（用盐水）漱口. 派生： gargle n 1 [C] liquid used for gargling 含漱剂; 漱口剂: use a gargle of salt water 使用盐水含漱剂. 2 [sing] act of gargling 含漱; 漱口: have a gargle with salt water 用盐水漱口.

gargoyle
[5ga:gCil; 5gargCil] n stone or metal spout in the form of a grotesque human or animal figure, for carrying rain-water away from the roof of a church, etc （作怪异人形或动物形的）滴水嘴; （疏导雨水的）凸饰漏嘴.

garish
[5geEriF; 5geriF] adj unpleasantly bright; over-coloured or over-decorated, esp in a vulgar way 炫耀的, 过於艳丽的, 过分装饰的（尤指俗气的）: * garish clothes,colours, lights 花里胡哨的衣服、 颜色、 彩灯. > garishlyadv: * garishly coloured, dressed, illuminated 着色鲜艳的、 穿着花哨的、 照明炫耀的. garishness n [U].

garland
[5ga:lEnd; 5garlEnd] n circle of flowers, leaves or ribbons, worn (esp on the head or round the neck) or hung as a decoration 花环; 花冠; 花圈: * a garland of victory 象徵胜利的花环. 派生： garland v [usu passive 通常用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (with sth) put a garland or garlands on sb 给某人戴上花环或花冠: garlanded with roses 戴玫瑰花冠的.

garlic
[5ga:lik; 5garlik] n [U] onion-like plant with strong taste and smell, used in cooking 蒜; 大蒜; 蒜头: * a clove of garlic 一瓣蒜 * [attrib 作定语] garlic butter, bread, sauce, etc, ie flavoured with garlic 蒜蓉、 蒜味面包、 蒜汁. =>illus at onion 见onion插图. 派生： garlicky adj (infml 口) smelling or tasting of garlic 蒜味的: garlicky breath, food 呼出的带蒜味的气息、 有蒜味的食物.

garment
[5ga:mEnt; 5garmEnt] n 1 (fml or joc 文或谑) article of clothing （一件）衣服: * a strange shapeless garment that had once been a jacket 用甲克改成的怪模怪样的衣服 * his nether garments, ie shorts, trousers, etc 他的裤子. 2 (fig rhet 比喻, 修辞) covering 覆盖: * In spring nature wears a new garment. 春天, 大自然披上了新装.

garner
[5ga:nE(r); 5garnl] v [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (from sth); ~ sth (in/up) (fml 文) collect sth in and (usu) store it 收集并（通常）贮藏某物: * garner (in/up) the grain for the winter 储粮以备过冬 * (fig 比喻) garner knowledge, information, etc 积累知识、 搜集信息 * facts garnered from various sources 从各种渠道搜集到的资料.

garnet
[5ga:nit; 5garnit] n semi-precious gem of deep transparent red 石榴石（一种次宝石, 色深红而透明）.

garnish
[5ga:niF; 5garniF] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) decorate (food for the table) with small additional amounts of food 给（上餐桌的食物）加装饰: * fish garnished with slices of lemon 用柠檬片作装饰的鱼 * meat garnished with parsley, fresh vegetables, etc 饰有香菜、 新鲜蔬菜等的肉. 派生： garnish n vegetable, herb, etc used to decorate a dish of food or add to its flavour （作装饰或是提味用的）菜料: a garnish of mixed herbs 什锦装饰菜料.

garret
[5gArEt; 5gArit] n room (often small, dark and unpleasant) on the top floor of a house (esp in the roof) 顶层房间; （尤指）阁楼: * a poor man living in a garret 住在阁楼的穷人. Cf 参看 attic.

garrison
[5gArisn; 5gArEsn] n [CGp] troops stationed in a town or fort 卫戍部队; 守备部队; 警备部队: * Half the garrison is/are on duty. 有半数卫戍部队在执勤. * [attrib 作定语] garrison duty 守备任务 * a garrison town 有驻防的城市. 派生： garrison v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sb) defend (a place) with or as a garrison 卫戍部队守备（某地）: The town was garrisoned with two regiments. 该镇有两团士兵驻守. 2 [Tn.pr] ~ sb in/on sth place (troops) as a garrison 派（部队）驻防: A hundred soldiers were garrisoned in the town. 派了一百名士兵在城里驻防.

garrotte
(also garotte, US also garote)[gE'rCt; gE'rat] v [Tn] 1 execute (a condemned person) by strangling or throttling with a metal collar 用铁环绞死（判死刑的人）. 2 strangle (sb) with wire or rope 勒死（某人）. 派生： garrotte (also garotte, US also garote) n device used for garrotting (garrotte 1) 绞刑用的铁环.

garrulous
[5gArElEs; 5gArElEs] adj talking too much, esp about unimportant things 喋喋不休的, 饶舌的（尤指对琐事）: * becoming garrulous after a few glasses of wine 喝了几杯酒後就唠唠叨叨 * My garrulous neighbour had given away the secret. 我那爱唠叨的邻居已把秘密泄露了. 派生： garrulity/gE'ru:lEti; gE'rulEti] , garrulousness ns [U] talkativeness 絮叨; 饶舌; 多嘴. garrulously adv.

garter
[5ga:tE(r); 5gartl] n 1 [C] (usu elastic) band worn round the leg to keep up a sock or stocking （通常为弹性的）袜带. 2 the Garter [sing] badge or membership of the highest order of English knighthood 嘉德勋位（英国爵士的最高勋位）; 嘉德勋章: * be awarded the Garter 被授予嘉德勋位.

gaseous
[5gAsiEs, 'geisiEs; 5gAsiEs] adj like, containing or being gas 似气体的; 含气体的; 气体的: * a gaseous mixture 气体混合物.

gash
[gAF; gAF] n ~ (in sth) long deep cut or wound 长而深的切痕或伤口: * a nasty gash in the arm, leg, etc 胳膊、 腿等上深而长的伤口 * make a gash in the bark of a tree with a knife 用刀在树皮上割一道深而长的切口. 派生： gash v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (on/with sth) make a gash in sth （在某物上）割一长而深的切口: gash one's arm on a piece of broken glass 胳膊被玻璃碎片划了一个大口子.

gasify
[5gAsifai; 5gAsE7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) [I, Tn] (cause sth to) change into gas （使某物）气化.

gasket
[5gAskit; 5gAskit] n soft flat sheet or ring of rubber, card, etc used to seal a joint between metal surfaces to prevent steam, gas, etc from escaping 垫圈; 密封垫: * The engine had blown a gasket, ie the gasket had suddenly let steam, etc escape. 发动机的一个垫圈失效了（蒸气等逸出）.

gasoline
(also gasolene)[5gAsEli:n; 5gAsl7in] n [U] (US) = petrol.

gasometer
[gA'sCmitE(r); gAs'amEtl] n (also `gas holder) very large round tank in which fuel gas is stored and from which it is distributed through pipes 大型储煤气柜.

gasp
[ga:sp; gAsp] v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (at sth); ~ (for sth) take one or more quick deep breaths with open mouth, because of surprise or exhaustion （因惊异或力竭）吸气, 喘气: * gasp like a fish out of water 像鱼离开水似的大口 喘气 * I gasped in/with astonishment at the magician's skill. 那魔术师技艺惊人, 我不禁倒抽一口凉气. * The exhausted runner was gasping for air/breath. 那人跑得疲惫已极, 上气不接下气. 2 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (out) utter sth in a breathless way 喘着气说话: * She managed to gasp (out) a few words. 她喘着气好不容易才说出了几个字来. 3 [I, Ipr] ~ (for sth) (used in the continuous tenses 用於进行时态) (infml 口) want sth very much, esp sth to drink or smoke 很想要某物（尤指饮料或烟）: * `Do you need a drink?’ `Yes, I'm gasping!’ ‘你要喝点什麽吗?’‘我巴不得能喝点!’ * I was gasping for a cigarette. 我很想抽枝烟. 派生： gasp n 1 quick deep breath of pain, surprise, etc （因疼痛、 惊异等引起的）深吸气, 喘气: give a sudden audible gasp 突然大声地喘了一口气 * There were gasps of horror from the spectators as he fell off the tightrope. 他从 紧的绳索上摔了下来, 观众吓得直喘气. 2 (idm 习语) at one`s last gasp => last1.

gassy
[5gAsi; 5gAsi] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 of, like or full of gas, esp in the form of bubbles in liquid （似）气体的, 充满气体的（尤指液体中充满气泡）: * Fizzy lemonade can be very gassy. 有的汽水气很足. 2 (infml derog 口, 贬) talkative, esp in a gossipy or boastful way 话多的（尤指闲话或大话）: * a gassy old man,woman,etc 爱絮叨的老头儿、 老太婆等. > gassiness n [U].

gastric
[5gAstrik; 5gAstrik] adj [attrib 作定语] (medical 医) of the stomach 胃的; 胃部的: * gastric ulcers 胃溃疡 * gastric juices 胃液. 派生： gastritis/gA'straitis; gAs'traitis] n [U] (medical 医) inflammation of the stomach 胃炎.

gastro
enteritis

gastronomy
[gA'strCnEmi; gAs'tranEmi] n [U] art and science of choosing, cooking and eating good food 美食学; 美食法. 派生： gastronomic[7gAstrE'nCmik; 7gAstrE'namik] adj of gastronomy 美食学的; 美食法的: * Lyons, the gastronomic capital of France 里昂, 法国的美食之都. gastronomically[-kli; -kli] adv: * a gastronomically outstanding meal 精美的饭菜.

gate
[geit; get] n 1 (a) movable barrier, usu on hinges, which closes an opening in a wall, fence or hedge 大门; 城门; 篱笆门: * a wooden, iron gate 木门、 铁门 * the garden gate 花园的门 * the gates of the city 城门. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page vi. (b) opening closed by this; gateway 有大门的出入口; 大门口: * The carriage passed through the palace gates. 马车穿过了宫殿的大门口. (c) similar movable barrier which controls a stream of water 闸门; 阀门: * a lock/sluice gate 闸门[水闸]. 2 means of entrance or exit (for passengers at an airport or spectators at a sports ground) （飞机场或体育场的）进出口, 站口, 看台口: * The flight is now boarding at gate 16. 本班机现在在第16号入口检票登机. 3 number of spectators at a sports event, esp a football match （体育比赛的）观众人数（尤指足球赛的）: * a gate of ten thousand 万人观众 * a good/poor/large/small gate 很多的[很少的/大量的/少量的]观众. 4 (also `gate money) amount of money taken from tickets sold at a sports event, esp a football match 门票收入（尤指足球赛的）: * Today's gate will be given to charity. 今日的门票收入将捐献给慈善事业. 派生： gate v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth) (Brit) confine (a student) to college or school as a punishment 惩罚性禁止（学生）离校. 复合： `gatecrash (also crash) v [I, Tn] enter (a private social occasion) without paying or being invited （未付费或未受邀）擅自闯入, 擅自出席（私人社交集会）: gatecrash a party 擅自闯入一聚会. `gatecrasher n person who gatecrashes 擅自参加者; 不速之客. `gatehouse n house built at or over a gate (eg at the entrance to a park or castle) 门房, 门楼（如公园或城堡入口处的）. `gatekeeper n keeper of a gatehouse 看门人; 管门人. ,gateleg `table (also ,gatelegged `table) table with legs that can be moved out to support a folding top 摺叠式桌子. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xvi.

gate1
`gatemoney = gate 4. `gatepost n 1 post on which a gate is hung or against which it is closed 门柱. 2 (idm 习语) between you and me and the `gatepost (infml 口) in strict confidence 严格保密. `gateway n 1 way in and out that can be closed by a gate or gates 大门口: Don't stand there blocking the gateway! 别站在那儿挡着门口! 2 (usu sing 通常作单数) ~ to sth (fig 比喻) (a) place through which one must go to reach somewhere else 门径; 关口: The port of Dover is England's gateway to Europe. 多佛港是英国进入欧洲的大门. (b) means of gaining sth desired 方法; 手段; 途径: A good education can be the gateway to success. 良好的教育是通往成功之路.

gateau
[5gAtEu; - gA'tEu; ga'to] n (pl ~x or ~s) [C, U] large rich cream-cake often decorated with fruit, nuts, chocolate, etc 奶油大蛋糕（常饰有水果、 坚果、 巧克力等）: * a (slice of) fresh cream gateau （一块）新鲜的奶油蛋糕.

gather
[5gATE(r); 5gATl] v 1 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ round (sb/sth); ~ sb/sth round (sb/sth) come or bring sb/sth together in one place 聚集; 集合; 召集; 搜集: * A crowd soon gathered. 很快聚集起一群人. * Gather round (ie Form a group round me) and listen, children! 孩子们, 围拢过来听我说! * a musical evening with the whole family gathered round the piano 全家围在钢琴旁的音乐晚会. (b) [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (together/up) bring together (objects) that have been spread about 收集, 收拢（分散的东西）: * Give me a moment to gather my notes together. 给我些时间整理一下笔记. * She gathered up her scattered belongings and left. 她把自己的散乱物品收好就走了. 2 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) collect (plants, fruit, etc) from a wide area 搜集, 采集（植物、 水果等）: * gather flowers, berries, nuts, etc 采花、 浆果、 坚果等 * gathering mushrooms in the fields 在野地采集蘑菇 * (fig 比喻) information gathered (ie obtained) from various sources 从各处搜集的信息. (b) [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (in) pick or cut and collect (crops) for storage 捡拾或收割（庄稼）: * The harvest has been safely gathered in. 庄稼已妥善收获完毕. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tf] ~ sth (from sb/sth) understand sth; conclude 理解某事物; 得出结论: * `Smith's resigned.’ `I gathered as much from the newspapers.’ ‘史密斯辞职了.’‘我从报纸上也能看出他得辞职.’ * I gather you want to see the director. 我猜想你要见经理. * `She won't be coming.’ `So I gather.’ ‘她不来了.’‘我也这麽看.’ * I gathered from the way she replied that she wasn't very enthusiastic. 从她的回答来看, 她并不十分热心. 4 [Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth round sb/sth; ~ sth up pull (a garment) tighter to one's body 将（衣服）向身体收拢: * She gathered the shawl round her/round her shoulders. 她用披肩把自己[肩头]裹紧. * She gathered up her skirts and ran. 她提起裙 就跑了.

gather1
5 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (in) draw (a garment) together in folds or pleats （在衣服上）打褶子: * a skirt gathered (in) at the waist 腰部打褶的裙子. 6 [I, Tn] increase (sth) 增加（某事物）: * The darkness is gathering. 夜色渐浓. * in the gathering gloom of a winter's afternoon 在冬天的一个下午, 天色越来越暗 * The car gathered speed. 汽车速度逐渐加快了. 7 [Tn] (fig 比喻) bring (sth) together in order to make an effort; summon up 聚集或集中（某事物）以尽力; 鼓起; 唤起: * He gathered all his strength and swung the axe. 他用尽全力抡起斧头. * She sat trying to gather her thoughts before making her speech. 她坐在那里努力集中思想准备发言. 8 (idm 习语) be gathered to one's `fathers (dated or rhet 旧或修辞) die 死. collect/gather one's wits => wit. gather `dust be neglected or unused for a long time 长久忽略或久置不用. a rolling stone gathers no moss => roll2. 派生： gather n fold or pleat in a garment （衣服上的）褶子. gathering[5gATEriN; 5gATEriN] n meeting or coming together of people 集会; 人群的聚集: * a small family gathering 家庭小聚会 * a gathering of friends 朋友的聚会.

GATT
[gAt; gAt] abbr 缩写 = General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (signed in 1947) 关税及贸易总协定（1947年签订）.

gauche
[gEuF; goF] adj 1 socially awkward or clumsy 不善交际的; 不圆滑的: * I find him terribly gauche. 我认为他太不圆通了. * a gauche manner, person, remark 不雅 的举止、 人、 言语. 2 (fig 比喻) (of literary or artistic work) clumsy （指文学或艺术作品）拙劣的, 不简练的: * a rather gauche style, technique, etc 拙劣的文体、 技艺等. 派生： gaucheness[5gEuFnis; 5goFnis] , gaucherie[5gEuFEri;- 7gEuFE'ri:; 7goFE'ri] ns [U] gauche behaviour 不文雅的举止.

gaucho
[5gautFEu; 5gautFo] n (pl ~s) South American cowboy, esp one of Spanish and Indian descent 南美牧人; （尤指）加乌乔（西班牙人和印第安人的後裔）.

gaudy
[5gC:di; 5gCdi] adj (-ier, -iest) (derog 贬) too bright and showy, esp in a vulgar way 花哨的; （尤指）俗气的: * gaudy decorations 花哨的饰物 * cheap and gaudy jewellery 价廉而花哨的珠宝. > gaudily[5gC:dili;'gCdEli] adv. gaudiness[5gC:dinis; 5gCdinis] n [U].

gauge
(US also gage)[geidV; gedV] n 1 [U, C] standard measure, esp of width or thickness 标准量度（尤指宽度或厚度）: * the gauge of a sheet of metal 金属板的厚度 * What gauge of wire should we use for this job? 我们干这活应该用多大号的铅丝? 2 [C] distance between rails on a railway or tramway （火车或电车轨道的）轨距: * standard gauge, ie 4ft 8 ins 标准轨距（4英尺8英寸） * narrow/broad gauge, ie narrower/wider than standard 窄轨[宽轨] * [attrib 作定语] a narrow-gauge railway 窄轨铁路. 3 [C] instrument for measuring the amount or level of sth 计量器: * a petrol, pressure, rain, speed, etc gauge 汽油量表、 压力计、 雨量计、 速度计. 4 [C] fact or circumstance which one can use in estimating or judging; measure （用以作出估计或判断的）事实, 环境; 方法; 尺度: * Is a person's behaviour under stress a reliable gauge of his character? 人在受到压力时的行为能作衡量其品性的可靠尺度吗? 派生： gauge v 1 [Tn] (a) measure (sth) esp accurately 测量（某物）（尤指精确地）: precision instruments which can gauge the diameter to a fraction of a millimetre 可测出直径几分之一毫米的精密仪器. (b) make an estimate of (sth) 估计, 判定（某事物）: gauging the strength of the wind from the movement of the trees 凭树的摇动估计风力. 2 [Tn, Tf, Tw] make a judgement about (sth) 判断（某事物）: trying to gauge reactions, sympathies, sentiments, etc 试图判定各种反应、 同情程度、 观点等 * It was difficult to gauge how people would respond. 大家的反应如何难以估计. * I gauged that it was not a good moment to speak to her. 我认为那不是跟她说话的时机.

gaunt
[gC:nt; gCnt] adj 1 (of a person) made exceptionally thin by hunger or illness; haggard （指人）（因饥饿或疾病）憔悴的, 骨瘦如柴的: * the gaunt face of a starving man 饿汉憔悴的面容. 2 (of a place) bare; desolate （指地方）不毛的, 荒凉的: * the gaunt landscape of the moon 月球上荒凉的景色. > gauntness n [U].

gauntlet
1[5gC:ntlit; 5gCntlit] n 1 metal glove forming part of a suit of armour, worn by soldiers in the Middle Ages （中世纪武士铠甲的）金属手套. 2 strong glove with a wide covering for the wrist, used for driving, fencing, etc （驾驶、 击剑等用的）长手套, 防护手套: * motorcyclists with leather gauntlets 戴着皮护手套的摩托车手. =>illus at glove 见glove插图. 3 (idm 习语) pick up/take up the `gauntlet accept a challenge 接受挑战: * He was quick to take up the gauntlet thrown down by the opposition. 他立刻接受了对方提出的挑战. throw down the `gauntlet challenge sb to do sth 向某人提出挑战.

gauze
[gC:z; gCz] n [U] 1 thin, often transparent, fabric of cotton, silk, etc （丝或棉等的）薄纱: * a piece of (cotton, etc) gauze 一块（棉等）薄纱 * [attrib 作定语] a gauze curtain 纱 * a gauze patch applied to his wound 敷在他伤口上的纱布. 2 netting made of very thin wire （极细的金属丝制的）纱网. 派生： gauzy adj of or like gauze 纱布的; 似薄纱的.

gave
pt of give.

gavel
[5gAvl; 5gAvl] n small hammer used by an auctioneer or chairman as a signal for order or attention （拍卖者或主席用的）小槌: * bang, rap, etc one's gavel on the table 用小槌在桌上猛击、 敲打等.

gavotte
[gE'vCt; gE'vat] n (music for an) old French dance 古老的法国加伏特舞（曲）.

gawk
[gC:k; gCk] v [I, Ipr] ~ (at sb/sth) (infml 口) stare impolitely or stupidly; gawp 无礼地或呆呆地瞪眼看: * I hate being gawked at! 我讨厌人家直瞪瞪地盯着我!

gawky
[5gC:ki; 5gCki] adj (-ier, -iest) (esp of a tall young person) awkward and clumsy （尤指高大的年轻人）笨手笨脚的, 笨拙的: * a shy gawky teenager 腆而笨拙的年轻人. > gawkily[5gC:kili; 5gCkili] adv. gawkiness/ 5gR:kInIs; `^RkInIs/ n [U]: * Despite her gawkiness she was clearly going to be a beautiful woman one day. 别看她高大笨拙, 总有一天她会出落为美女的.

gawp
[gC:p; gCp] v [I, Ipr] ~ (at sb/sth) (infml 口) stare impolitely or stupidly; gawk 无礼地或呆呆地瞪眼看: * crowds of onlookers coming to gawp at the wreckage of the aircraft 来看热闹的人望着失事飞机的残骸发愣. =>Usage at look1 用法见look1.

gay
[gei; ge] adj 1 homosexual 同性恋的: * a gay person, club, bar 搞同性恋爱的人、 俱乐部、 酒吧 * I didn't know he/she was gay. 我不知道他[她]是同性恋者. 2 happy and full of fun; light-hearted; cheerful 快乐的; 欢快的; 轻松的; 愉快的: * gay laughter, music 欢快的笑声、 音乐 * The streets look gay with bright flags and coloured lights. 街上旗帜鲜艳、 彩灯缤纷, 显出一派欢乐景象. 3 [attrib 作定语] careless; thoughtless 轻率的; 不加思索的: * spending money with gay abandon 挥霍钱财. 派生： gaily[5geili; 5geli] adv: * the gaily decorated buildings 装点得喜气洋洋的建 物 * She gaily announced that she was leaving the next day, ie without having considered the trouble this would cause. 她轻率地宣布第二天就要走了（未考虑其後果）. gay n homosexual person 同性恋爱者. gayness[5geinis; 5genis] n [U] homosexuality 同性恋. Cf 参看 gaiety.

gaze
[geiz; gez] v 1 [I, Ipr] look long and steadily (at sb/sth), usu in surprise or admiration 久久地凝视, 注视（通常指因惊讶或赞赏）: * She gazed at me in disbelief when I told her the news. 我告诉她这消息时, 她以怀疑的目光注视着我. * He just sat gazing into space/gazing through the window. 他只是坐着茫然地望着[呆呆地望着窗外]. =>Usage at look1 用法见look1. 2 [Ipr] ~ on/upon sb/sth (fml 文) look at sb/sth 看某人[某事物]: * She was the most beautiful woman he had ever gazed upon. 她是他所见过的最美丽的女子. 派生： gaze n [sing] long steady look 凝视; 端详: Under his intense gaze she felt uncomfortable. 他目不转睛地看着她, 使她觉得很不自在.

gazebo
[gE'zi:bEu; gE'zibo] n (pl ~s) small, usu hutlike, building designed to give a wide view of the surrounding country （供俯瞰景色的）小亭阁式建 物, 凉亭, 观景阁.

gazelle
[gE'zel; gE'zel] n (pl unchanged or ~s 复数或不变或作 gazelles) small, graceful antelope 瞪羚: * a herd of gazelle 一群瞪羚.

gazette
[gE'zet; gE'zet] n 1 official journal with public notices and lists of government, military, legal and university appointments （刊载政府、 军事、 法院、 大学任命名单和告示的）公报. 2 (used in the titles of newspapers 用作报纸名称): * the Evening Gazette, London Gazette, etc 《晚报》、 《伦敦公报》. 派生： gazette v (esp Brit) 1 [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] publish or announce (sth) in an official gazette （在公报上）刊载或宣布（某事物）: His appointment was gazetted last week. 上周在公报上宣布了对他的任命. 2 [usu passive 通常用於被动语态: Tn.pr, Cn.n] ~ sb to sth appoint sb, esp to a military post 任命某人（尤指任军职）: He was gazetted to a new regiment. 委派他赴一新团任职. * He was gazetted captain. 委派他任上尉.

gazetteer
[7gAzE'tiE(r); 7gAzE'tir] n index of geographical names 地名索引; 地名词典: * a world gazetteer 世界地名词典.

gazump
[gE'zQmp; gE'zQmp] v [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] (Brit infml derog 口, 贬) raise the price of property, esp a house, after accepting an offer from (a buyer) 抬价敲诈（尤指房产, 价格议定後再抬价）: * We shan't be buying the house: * we've been gazumped (by the owner). 我们不想买那所房子了, 卖主变卦要敲诈我们. 派生： gazumper/gE'zQmpE(r); gE'zQmpl] n. gazumping/gE'zQmpiN; gE'zQmpiN] n [U] (Brit infml derog 口, 贬) practice of gazumping buyers 抬价敲诈（尤指房产, 价格议定後再抬价的行为）.

GB
[7dVi: 'bi:; 7dVi 'bi] abbr 缩写 = Great Britain. =>Usage at great 用法见great.

GC
[7dVi: 'si:; 7dVi 'si] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) George Cross (award to civilians for bravery): * be awarded the GC 获乔治勋章 * William Lawson GC 乔治勋章获得者威廉．劳森. Cf 参看 VC 4.

GCE
[7dVi: si: 'i:; 7dVi si 'i] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) General Certificate of Education : * have 9 GCEs 有9门学科的普通教育证书 * take GCE in 9 subjects 参加9科普通教育证书考试 * GCE O-level/A-level 普通级[高级]普通教育证书. Cf 参看 CSE, GCSE.

GCSE
[7dVi: si: es 'i:; 7dVi si es 'i] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) General Certificate of Secondary Education. Cf 参看 CSE, GCE.

Gdn
abbr 缩写 = (pl Gdns) (in street names 用作街道名称) Gardens: 7 Windsor Gdns 温莎街7号.

GDP
[7dVi: di: 'pi:; 7dVi di 'pi] abbr 缩写 = gross domestic product 国内生产总值. Cf 参看 GNP.

GDR
[7dVi: di: 'a:(r); 7dVi di 'ar] abbr 缩写 = (formerly) German Democratic Republic (East Germany) （旧时）德意志民主共和国（东德）.

gear
[giE(r); gir] n 1 [U] equipment, clothing, etc needed for an expedition, a sport, etc （远征、 运动等需用的）设备、 装备、 衣物等: * All his camping gear was packed in the rucksack. 他的野营物品全都放在背囊里了. * We're only going for two days; you don't need to bring so much gear! 我们只去两天, 你不用带那麽多东西! * wearing her party gear 穿着她赴宴的衣服. 2 [sing] (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) piece or set of apparatus or machinery for a particular purpose 仪器; 器械; 装置: * The landing-gear has jammed. 着陆装置发生故障. * winding gear for lifting heavy loads 起重绞盘装置. 3 (a) [C often pl 常作复数] set of toothed wheels which fit into another set to transmit power from a vehicle's engine to its road wheels （机动车辆的）传动装置, 排挡: * Careless use of the clutch may damage the gears. 离合器使用不慎可能损坏传动装置. * The car has four forward gears and one reverse gear. 那汽车有四个前进挡和一个倒挡. * The car started with a crashing of gears, ie noise made by operating them badly. 那汽车开动时发出挂挡的揭光当声（因操纵技术不佳所致）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xiii. =>illus 见插图. (b) [U] particular position or setting of the gear mechanism 传动装置的某位置或组合状态; 排挡: * The car is in/out of gear, ie has the gears engaged/disengaged. 汽车挂上挡[未挂挡]. * low/bottom/first gear, ie used for starting a vehicle or climbing a slope 低速挡[头挡/第一挡]（用於车辆起动或爬坡） * high/top gear, ie used for high speeds 高速挡 * change gear 换排挡. 4 [U] (fig 比喻) degree of speed or efficiency 速度或效率的程度: * The party organization is moving into top gear as the election approaches. 随着选举临近, 党组织的活动也如火如荼. * The athlete changed gear (ie suddenly accelerated) and shot ahead of the others. 该运动员突然加速, 冲到别人前面去了.

gear1
派生： gear v (phr v) gear sth to/towards sth adapt sth to a particular need or to an appropriate level or standard 对某事物加以调节以适合某种需要或达到某种水平或标准: Industry must be geared to wartime needs. 工业必须调整以适应战时需要. * Our effort is geared to a higher level of production. 我们调整力量将生产推向更高的水平. gear down (of a driver) change to a lower gear so as to have better control （指驾驶员）换至较低一挡以便操纵. gear sth down (to sth) reduce sth in force or intensity （在力量或强度上）减低某事物: The period of exercise was geared down to ten minutes a day for men over 60. 60岁以上的人的锻炼时间减低到每日十分钟. gear up (for/to sth); gear sb/sth up (for/to sth) become or make sb/sth ready (for sth) （为某事物）（使）某人[某事物]准备好: The company's gearing up for the big export drive. 公司正为大规模出口作好准备. * I was all geared up (ie excitedly ready) to go on holiday, and now it's been cancelled. 我兴致勃勃地做好去度假的准备, 可是现在吹了. gearing[5giEriN; 5giriN] n [U] set or arrangement of gears 齿轮装置; 传动装置: * The gearing of this machine is unusual. 这机器的齿轮装置很特别. 复合： `gearbox n case that encloses a vehicle's gear mechanism （车辆的）变速箱, 变速器. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xii. `gear-change n movement from one position of the gear mechanism to another 换挡; 变速: a smooth gear-change 平稳的变速. `gear-lever, `gear-stick (US usu 美式英语通常作 `gearshift) ns lever used to engage, disengage or change gear 变速 . =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xii, xiii. `gearwheel n toothed wheel in a set of gears 齿轮.

gecko
[5gekEu; 5geko] n (pl ~s or ~es) small house lizard, found in warm countries 壁虎.

gee
1[dVi:; dVi] interj (also gee-up)[dVi:'Qp; 5dVi'Qp] (used for telling a horse, etc to start, go on or go faster 吆喝马等起行、 前行或快行的用语). 派生： gee v (phr v) gee sb/sth up (infml 口) make sb/sth work or perform more quickly or efficiently 催促某人[某事物]更快地或更有效地工作. gee-gee[5dVi:dVi:; 5dVidVi] n (used by and to small children) horse （儿语）马.

geese
pl of goose.

geezer
[5gi:zE(r); 5gizl] n (infml 口) man, esp an old one 人; （尤指）老头儿: * that old geezer over there 那边的那个老头儿.

Geiger counter
[5gaigE kauntE(r); 5gaigl 7kauntl] device for detecting and measuring radioactivity 盖革计数器（探测放射能量的仪器）.

geisha
[5geiFE; 5geFE] n Japanese girl trained to entertain men with conversation, dancing or singing （日本的）艺妓（陪男子谈话、 表演歌舞者）.

gel
[dVel; dVel] n [C, U] (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) semi-solid jelly-like substance 凝胶; 冻胶: * bath-gel, hair-gel, ie jelly-like soap or shampoo 凝胶状皂、 洗发液. 派生： gel v (-ll-) [I] 1 set into a jelly 形成胶体; 胶凝; 胶化: This liquid gels faster in cold weather. 这种液体天冷时凝结得快些. 2 (fig 比喻) take definite form 成形: My ideas are beginning to gel. 我的想法逐渐形成了.

gelatine
[5dVelEti:n, -tin; 5dVelEtin, -tin] (also esp US gelatin[5dVelEtin; 5dVelEtn] ) n [U] clear tasteless substance used for making jelly as food, manufacturing photographic film, etc 明胶; 凝胶. 派生： gelatinous/dVE'ltinEs; dVE'lAtEnEs] adj like jelly 明胶状的; 胶状的: * a gelatinous substance 胶状物质.

geld
[geld; geld] v [Tn] castrate (an animal) 阉割（动物）; 给（动物）去势或割除卵巢. 派生： gelding[5geldiN; 5geldiN] n castrated animal, esp a horse 阉割过的动物（尤指马）. Cf 参看 stallion.

gelignite
[5dVelignait; 5dVelig7nait] n [U] powerful explosive made from nitric acid and glycerine 葛里炸药, 爆炸胶（一种含有硝酸和甘油的炸药）.

gem
[dVem; dVem] n 1 precious stone or jewel, esp when cut and polished 宝石（尤指经切割打磨的）: * a crown studded with gems 镶宝石的皇冠. 2 (fig 比喻) thing highly valued for beauty or some other special quality 宝物; 精华; 珍品; 美丽绝伦的事物: * This picture is the gem (ie the best) of the collection. 这幅画是收藏的珍品. * a gem of a place, ie an excellent place 胜地 * That restaurant is a little gem. 那餐厅是个小乐园. * She's a real gem! 她美如仙子! 复合： `gemstone n precious or semi-precious stone, esp before cutting into shape 宝石或次宝石（尤指未经琢磨成形的）.

Gemini
[5dVeminai, -ni; 5dVemE7nai] n 1 [U] the third sign of the zodiac, the Twins 双子宫（黄道第叁宫）. 2 [C] person born under the influence of this sign 属双子宫星座的人. > Geminean n, adj. =>Usage at zodiac 用法见zodiac. =>illus at zodiac 见zodiac插图.

gen
[dVen; dVen] n [U] ~ (on sth) (dated Brit infml 旧, 口) information 情报; 资料; 消息: * Give me the gen on this new project. 把这新项目的资料给我. 派生： gen v (-nn-) (phr v) gen (sb) up (on sth) (dated Brit infml 旧, 口) obtain information or provide (sb) with information (about sth) 获得情报; 给某人（关於某事物的）资料: He is fully genned up on the new project. 他充分了解新工程的情况.

gendarme
[5VCnda:m; 5Vandarm] n member of a military force employed on police duties, esp in France and French-speaking countries 宪兵（尤指法国及法语国家中的）. 派生： gendarmerie/VCn'da:mEri; Van'darmEri] n 1 [pl v] whole body of gendarmes 宪兵（总称）. 2 [C] headquarters of a body of gendarmes 宪兵队队部; 宪兵司令部.

gender
[5dVendE(r); 5dVendl] n [C, U] 1 (grammar)(in certain languages) classification of a noun or pronoun as masculine or feminine （某些语言的）性（名词或代词分为阳性和阴性）: * There are three genders in German: * masculine, feminine and neuter. 德语中有叁性: * 阳性、 阴性和中性. * In French the adjective must agree with the noun in number and gender. 法语中形容词必须在数和性上与名词一致. 2 (fml 文) sexual classification; sex （生理上的）性别分类, 性: * the male and female genders 男性和女性.

gene
[dVi:n; dVin] n (biology 生) unit in a chromosome which controls heredity 基因: * a dominant/recessive gene 显性[隐性]基因 * have sth in one's genes, ie have an inherited quality 在遗传基因中具有某种性质.

genealogy
[7dVi:ni'lEdVi; 7dVini'AlEdVi] n 1 [U] study of family history, showing who the ancestors of particular people were and how they were related to each other 家谱学; 宗谱学. 2 [C] (diagram showing a) particular person's ancestry 家谱; 宗谱. 派生： genealogical[7dVi:niE'lCdVikl; 7dViniE'ladVikl] adj concerned with tracing family descent 家谱的; 宗谱的: * a genealogical expert 家谱学家 * genealogical evidence, proof, records, etc 家谱关系证据、 证明、 记录等 * agenealogical table/tree, ie a diagram with branches showing a family's ancestry 家谱表[家系图]. genealogically[-kli; -kli] adv. genealogist[7dVi:ni'lEdVist; 7dVini'AlEdVist] n student of or expert in genealogy 家谱学的研究者; 家谱学家.

genera
pl of genus.

general
[5dVenrEl; 5dVenErEl] adj 1 (a) affecting all or most people, places or things 普遍的; 全面的: * a generallowering of standards 标准的全面降低 * The announcement was met with general rejoicing. 该项宣布受到普遍的欢迎. * a matter of general interest, concern, etc 公众感兴趣、 关心等的事情 * Once quite rare, they are now in general use, ie used by most people. 那些东西一度非常罕见, 现在已普遍使用. * That man's a general nuisance, ie to most people at most times. 那男子处处招人讨厌. * the general public, ie the majority of (ordinary) people 人民大众 * a general meeting, strike, etc 全体会议、 总罢工 * The bad weather has been fairly general, ie has affected most areas. 这恶劣的天气影响大部分地区. * The general impression was (ie Most people thought) that it had improved. 普遍认为情况已有改善. (b) [attrib 作定语] not limited to one part or aspect of a person or thing or to a particular time; overall 整体的（不局限於一人, 一事或一时）; 总的: * There is still some weakness in the legs, but her general condition is good. 她双腿仍有些软弱无力, 但总的情况尚好. * The opening chapter gives a general overview of the subject. 开篇第一章是对主题的概述. * The old building was in a general state ofdecay/disrepair. 这古老建 物整体上已残破了[失修].2 (a) not specialized in subject matter 非专门的; 一般的; 普遍的: * a general degree 普通学位 * general knowledge,sciences, studies, etc 一般的知识、 科学、 研究等 * We kept the conversation/discussion fairly general. 我们谈话[讨论]的内容一直相当广泛. (b) [attrib 作定语] not specialized or limited in range of work, use, activity, etc 非专门的或不局限於某工作、 用途、 活动等范围的: * a general hospital 综合医院 * the general reader 一般读者 * a general factotum, ie servant or assistant able to do all kinds of work 杂务总管.

general1
3 [usu attrib 通常作定语] normal; usual 正常的; 常规的; 通常的: * The general practice in such cases is to apply for a court order. 处理这类案件的常规做法是请求法院发出指令. * a general principle (ie one true of most cases) to which there may be several exceptions 可能有若干例外的一般原则 * In the general way of things (ie Usually) not much happens here. 通常此地不多见. 4 showing the chief aspects of sth; not detailed; vague 大致的; 不详细的; 笼统的: * His description was too general to be of much use. 他的描述很笼统, 用处不大. * My general impression was that it was quite good. 大致上我觉得那相当好. * bear a general resemblance to sb/sth 与某人[某事物]大致相似 * speak/write in general terms 措辞笼统地说[写]. 5 [attrib 作定语] (often in titles with a capital letter and following the n 常作大写, 用於头衔, 置名词之後) chief; head 总的; 首席的: * the general manager 总经理 * the Attorney, Inspector, Governor, Secretary, etc General 首席检察官、 监察长、 总督、 总书记. 6 (idm 习语) as a general `rule in most cases 在通常情况下; 一般而言. be caviare to the general => caviare. in `general mainly; mostly; usually 总的说来; 大体上; 通常: * In general her work has been good, but this essay is dreadful. 总的说来, 她的作品不错, 不过这篇文章糟透了. 派生： general n army officer of very high rank, esp an officer in the British Army below the rank of field marshal 将军; （尤指英国的）陆军上将: a four-star general, ie in the US army 四星上将（美国陆军） * [attrib 作定语] General Roberts 罗伯茨上将. =>App 9 见附录9. generalship[5dVenrElFip; 5dVenErEl7Fip] n [U] skill and leadership (as) of a general, esp in battle 将军的才能, 将才（尤指作战中表现出的）. 复合： ,General A`ssembly main meeting of representatives(of the United Nations, etc) （联合国等的）代表大会.

general2
,General Cer,tificate of Edu`cation (abbr 缩写 GCE) (certificate for passing) any of a range of examinations taken in Britain at the age of 16+ （在英国为16岁以上的人参加的）普通教育证书（的考试）. Cf 参看 Advanced level (advance2), A/S level, Ordinary level (ordinary). ,General Cer,tificate of ,Secondary Edu`cation (abbr 缩写 GCSE) (certificate for passing) any of a range of examinations introduced in Britain in the late 1980s to replace both the Ordinary level GCE and the CSE 普通中等教育证书（的考试）（在英国80年代末采用, 以取代普通教育和中等教育的普通级考试）. Cf 参看 A/S level, Certificate of Secondary Education, General Certificate of Education. `general `dealer person who trades in all kinds of goods 杂贸商. ,general e`lection national parliamentary election 大选; 普选. Cf 参看 by-election. ,general head`quarters (abbr 缩写 GHQ) main centre of military organization and supplies 总司令部. ,General `Post Office (abbr 缩写 GPO) (a) (formerly in Britain) national organization of postal services (now called the Post Office) （旧时英国的）邮政总局（现称邮政局）. (b) (Brit) main post office in a town 市邮政局. ,general `practice (Brit) medical treatment of all types of illness within the community (as opposed to hospital work or specialization in treating a particular sort of disease) 全科医师的业务（在社区中医治各科疾病的, 有别於医院的或专科的）. ,general prac`titioner (abbr 缩写 GP) (Brit) doctor who is in general practice 全科医师. ,general-`purpose adj [attrib 作定语] that has a variety of uses 多用途的; 多功能的: a ,general-purpose `farm vehicle 多用农业机动车. ,general `staff officers assisting a military commander at headquarters （司令部的）全体参谋.

generalissimo
[7dVenrE'lisimEu; 7dVenErEl'isE7mo] n (pl ~s) commander of combined military and naval and air forces, or of combined armies 大元帅; 叁军总司令; 联军总指挥.

generality
[7dVenE'rlEti; 7dVenE'rAlEti] n 1 [C] general statement, esp one that is vague or indefinite 概述: * speak in generalities 泛泛地说 * Unfortunately the treaty is full of generalities, and fails to get down to specifics. 遗憾的是条约很笼统, 订得不具体. 2 the generality [pl v] (fml 文) majority or greater part; most 主体; 大多数; 大部分: * The generality of Swedes are blond. 瑞典人大部分是金发的. 3 [U] quality of being general 一般性; 普遍性: * a rule of great generality, ie one with few exceptions 极具普遍性的规则（鲜有例外者）.

generalize, generalise
[5dVenrElaiz; 5dVenErEl7aiz] v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (about sth); ~ (sth) (from sth) draw (a general conclusion) from particular examples or evidence （从某些事例或证据中）归纳, 概括出（ 一般性结论）: * You cannot generalize about the effects of the drug from one or two cases. 不能根据一两个病例就得出该药是否有效的结论. * generalize a conclusion from a set of facts 从一些事实中归纳出一项结论. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (about sth) make general statements for which there is little evidence 大体上说; 概括; 推想（没什麽根据）: * Europeans, if I may generalize, are all... 倘若我可以大致说说的话, 欧洲人都... * Perhaps you oughtn't to generalize about that. 也许你不该对那事一概而论. 派生： generalized, -ised adj 1 widespread; general(1a) 广泛的; 普遍的; 全面的: Use of this drug is now fairly generalized. 这种药现在用得相当普遍. 2 not specific; general(1b) 非具体的; 整体的: a sort of generalized malaise 全身不适. generalization, -isation[7dVenrElai'zeiFn; - -li'z-;7dVenErElE'zeFEn] n [C, U] (statement based on) generalizing 归纳; 概括; 推想（的说法）: * a speech full of sweeping generalizations 高度概括的讲话.

generally
[5dVenrEli; 5dVenErEli] adv 1 by most people; widely 普遍地; 广泛地: * He is generally popular. 他广受欢迎. * The plan was generally welcomed. 该计画大受欢迎. 2 in a general sense; without regard to details 一般意义上; 不考虑细节: * Generally speaking, it's quite a fair settlement. 大致上说, 这样解决很恰当. 3 usually 通常地: * I generally get up early. 我平常起得很早. =>Usage at hopeful 用法见hopeful.

generate
[5dVenEreit; 5dVenE7ret] v [Tn] cause (sth) to exist or occur; produce 使（某物）存在或发生; 产生: * generate heat, electricity, power, etc 产生热、 电、 动力等 * hatred generated by racial prejudice 种族偏见引起的仇恨 * grammatical rules for generating sentences 造句的语法规则.

generation
[7dVenE'reiFn; 7dVenE'reFEn] n 1 [U] (a) production 产生; 发生: * the generation of electricity by steam or water-power 蒸汽或水力发电 * the generation of heat by friction 摩擦生热. (b) (biology 生) production of living beings, esp offspring; procreation 繁殖; （尤指）生育後代. 2 [C] single stage in a family history （家史中的）一代: * a family party at which all three generations were present, ie children, parents and grandparents 叁代同堂的家庭聚会 * experience handed down from generation to generation 世代相传的经验. 3 [C, Gp] all people born at about the same time 代（大致在同一时期内出生的所有人）: * My generation behaves differently from my father's and grandfather's. 我这一代人和我父辈及祖辈表现不同. * [attrib 作定语] a first-, second-, third-, etc generation American, ie sb who himself or whose parents or grandparents, etc emigrated to America 第一、 第二、 第叁等代美国人（本人或其父母或其祖父母等移居美国者）. 4 [C] average period, usu considered to be 25-30 years, in which children grow up to become full adults 一代人的期间, 代（通常认为是从儿童长到成年人的25-30年间）: * a generation ago 一代人之前 * within one generation 在一代人的期间内. 5 [C] single stage in the development of a type of product （产品类型的）代: * the new generation of supersonic airliners 新一代的超音速客机 * [attrib 作定语] third-generation robots 第叁代机器人. 复合： the gene`ration gap difference in attitude, or lack of understanding, between young people and older people 代沟（两代人之间态度的差异或隔阂）.

generative
[5dVenErEtiv; 5dVenE7rEtiv] adj 1 able to produce; productive 能生产的; 有生产力的: * generative processes 生产过程 * a generative grammar, ie one which gives rules for accounting for all possible sentences in a language 生成语法（对一语言中可能出现的所有句子提供规则的语法）. 2 (biology 生) concerned with reproduction 生殖的: * generative organs 生殖器官.

generator
[5dVenEreitE(r); 5dVenE7retl] n 1 (Brit) (US dynamo) machine for producing electrical energy 发电机: * The generator has started up/broken down. 发电机已开动[出现故障]. 2 machine or apparatus that produces steam, gas, vapour, etc （蒸汽、 煤气等的）发生器. 3 person who generates or originates 生产者; 生殖者; 创始者: * a generator of new ideas 新思想的创立者.

generic
[dVi'nerik; dVE'nerik] adj shared by or including a whole group or class; not specific 属的; 类的; 一般的: * The generic term for wine, spirits and beer is `alcoholic beverages'. 葡萄洒、 烈性洒、 啤酒的通称是酒类饮料. > generically/dVi'nerikli; dVE'nerikli] adv.

generosity
[7dVenE'rCsEti; 7dVenE'rasEti] n 1 [U] quality of being generous 慷慨; 大方; 宽容. 2 [C] generous act 慷慨或宽容的行为.

generous
[5dVenErEs; 5dVenErEs] adj (approv 褒) 1 giving or ready to give freely 慷慨的; 大方的: * generous with one's money/in giving help 用钱大方的[慷慨助人的] * It was generous of you to share your food with me. 你把食物与我分享, 真慷慨. 2 given freely; plentiful 慷慨给予的; 大量的; 丰富的: * a generous gift, offer, increase 丰厚的礼物、 慷慨的提议、 大量的增加 * a generous helping of potatoes 一大份马铃薯. 3 free from meanness or prejudice; magnanimous 心地高尚的; 无偏见的; 宽宏大量的: * a generous mind, spirit, etc 高尚的心、 精神等 * A wise ruler is generous in victory. 贤明的统治者在胜利时能宽宏大量. > generously adv: * Please give generously. 请慷慨施予. * a dress cut generously, ie using plenty of material 用料多的连衣裙.

genesis
[5dVenEsis; 5dVenEsis] n (pl geneses/ 5dVenEsi:z; `dVZnEsiz/) 1 (fml 文) beginning; starting-point; origin 起源; 开端; 创始: * the genesis of civilization 文明的起源. 2 Genesis (Bible 圣经) the first book of the Old Testament, describing the creation of the world 《创世记》（《旧约》首卷）.

genetic
[dVi'netik; dVE'netik] adj of genes; of genetics 基因的; 遗传学的: * genetic information, material, etc 遗传信息、 物质等. 派生： genetically[-kli; -kli] adv: * genetically determined, linked, etc 由基因决定的、 与遗传有关的. geneticist/dVi'netisist; dVE'netEsist] n specialist in genetics 遗传学家. genetics/dVi'netiks; dVE'netiks] n [sing v] scientific study of the ways in which characteristics are passed from parents (or, in plants, from parent stock) to their offspring 遗传学. 复合： ge,netic `code system of storage of genetic information in chromosomes 遗传密码. ge,netic ,engi`neering deliberate changes made to hereditary features by altering the structure or position of individual genes 遗传工程.

genial
[5dVi:niEl; 5dVinjEl] adj 1 kindly; pleasant; sociable 和蔼的; 亲切的; 友好的: * a genial person, manner, smile 和蔼可亲的人、 举止、 微笑. 2 (of climate) mild; warm; favourable to growth （指气候）温和的, 温暖的, 利於生长的: * the genial air of the Pacific Islands 太平洋岛屿上温暖的空气. 派生： geniality[7dVi:ni'lEti; 7dVini'AlEti] n 1 [U] quality of being genial 和蔼; 亲切; 友好. 2 [C] genial act, look or remark 和蔼可亲的行为、 表情或言语. genially[5dVi:niEli; 5dVinjEli] adv.

genie
[5dVi:ni; 5dVini] n (pl ~s or genii[5dVi:niai;'dVini7ai] ) (in Arabian stories) spirit or goblin with strange powers （阿拉伯故事中的）神怪, 妖怪.

genital
[5dVenitl; 5dVenEtl] adj [attrib 作定语] (medical or fml 医或文) of animal reproduction or reproductive organs （动物）生殖的, 生殖器的: * the genital area 阴部 * genital stimulation 生殖器的刺激. 派生： genitals[5dVenitlz; 5dVenEtElz] (also genitalia/ 9dVenI5teIlIE; 9dVZnI`telIE/) n [pl] (fml 文) external sex organs 外生殖器.

genitive
[5dVenEtiv; 5dVenEtiv] n (grammar) special form of a noun, a pronoun or an adjective used (in certain inflected languages) to indicate or describe esp possession 属格, 所有格（某些屈折语中的一种格, 尤用以表示属有关系）. Cf 参看 possessive n 2. 派生： genitive adj of or in the genitive 属格的; 所有格的: The genitive forms of the pronouns `I', `we' and `she' are `my/mine', `our/ours' and `her/hers'. 代词I、 we、 she的所有格形式是my/mine、 our/ours 、 her/hers.

genius
[5dVi:niEs; 5dVinjEs] n (pl geniuses) 1 (a) [U] exceptionally great mental or creative ability 天才; 创造力: * a man of genius 才子 * It is rare to find such genius nowadays. 这样的天才现在非常罕见. (b) [C] person who has this ability 天才人物: * Einstein was a mathematical genius. 爱因斯坦是数学天才. * He is hard-working and able, but no genius. 他勤奋、 能干, 但决非天才. 2 [sing] a ~ for (doing) sth exceptional natural ability for sth 对（做）某事物的天生的非凡才能: * have a genius for languages, making friends, saying the wrong thing 有学语言的、 交朋友的、 说错话的本事. 3 [sing] the ~ (of sth) (a) guardian spirit (of a person, a place or an institution) 守护神. (b) (fml 文) special character, spirit or principles of a language, a period of time, an institution, a nation, etc （语言、 时代、 制度、 民族等的）特点, 特徵, 精神, 原则: * the genius of the English language, of the age 英语语言的、 时代的特点. 4 (idm 习语) one's good/evil `genius person or spirit supposed to have a strong influence on one for good or for evil 对自己好坏有极大影响的人或神魔: * Blame it on my evil genius! 都怪我中了邪魔了!

genocide
[5dVenEsaid; 5dVenE7said] n [U] deliberate extermination of a nation or race of people 种族灭绝.

genre
[5Va:nrE; 5VanrE] n particular style or kind, esp of works of art or literature grouped according to their form or subject matter 种类; 类型; （尤指按形式或主题划分的文艺作品的）风格, 体裁: * The novel and short story are different genres. 长篇小说和短篇故事是不同的类别. 复合： `genre-painting n [U] style of painting that shows scenes, etc from ordinary life 世态画, 风俗画（以日常生活为题材的）.

gent
[dVent; dVent] n 1 [C] (infml or joc 口或谑) gentleman 先生; 绅士: * This way, please, gents! 先生, 请这边走! 2 gents [pl] (esp in shops) men （尤用於商店中）男子: * a gents' hairdresser, outfitter, etc 男宾理发师、 出售男子服装的商店. 3 a/the Gents [usu sing v 通常与单数动词连用] (Brit infml 口) public lavatory for men 男厕所: * Where's the Gents? 男厕所在哪儿?

genteel
[dVen'ti:l; dVen'til] adj 1 (derog 贬) polite or refined in an affected or exaggerated way （做作或过分显示）文雅的, 有礼貌的, 有教养的: * She is too genteel for words! 她说话太咬文嚼字了! 2 (dated 旧) of the upper social classes 上流社会的: * living in genteel poverty, ie trying to maintain the style of upper-class living, thoughtoo poor to do so 过穷酸的上流社会生活. > genteelly/ dVen5ti:llI; dVZn`tillI/ adv.

gentian
[5dVenFn; 5dVenFEn] n [C, U] plant with blue flowers that grows in mountainous districts 龙胆属植物（长於山地, 开紫蓝色花）. 复合： ,gentian `violet dye used as an antiseptic, esp in the treatment of burns 龙胆紫（用作杀菌剂, 尤用於治疗烧伤、 烫伤者）.

gentile
[5dVentail; 5dVentail] n, adj (person who is) not Jewish 非犹太人（的）.

gentility
[dVen'tilEti; dVen'tilEti] n [U] (approv or ironic 褒或反语) genteel manners and behaviour; social superiority 文雅风度; 彬彬有礼; 高贵的社会地位或身分: * He thinks fine clothes are a mark of gentility. 他认为衣着讲究是身分高贵的标志.

gentle
[5dVentl; 5dVentl] adj (-r[5dVentlE(r); 5dVentll] , -st[5dVentlist; 5dVentlist] ) 1 (a) mild; kind; careful; not rough, violent or severe 温和的; 慈祥的; 小心的; 温柔的; 文雅的; 轻轻的: * a gentle person, manner, voice, look 温和的人、 举止、 声音、 样子 * a doctor who is gentle with his hands 手法轻巧的医师 * (sexist 性别偏见) the gentle (ie female) sex 女性 * be gentle with animals, children, etc 对动物、 儿童等温和 * Be gentle with my best china! 对我最心爱的瓷器要轻拿轻放! (b) (of weather, temperature, etc) mild; temperate （指天气、 温度等）温和的, 暖和的: * a gentle breeze 和风 * gentle rainfall 细雨 * a gentle heat 温暖. 2 not steep or abrupt 不陡峭的; 和缓的: * a gentle slope 缓坡. 3 (dated 旧) (of a family) with good social position （指家庭）门弟高的, 上层阶级的: * of gentle birth 出身名门的. 派生： gentleness[5dVentlnis; 5dVentlnis] n [U]. gently[5dVentli; 5dVentli] adv 1 in a gentle(1a) manner 温和地; 慈祥地; 温柔地; 文雅地; 轻轻地: * handle sth gently 轻拿轻放某物 * speak to sb gently 对某人轻声细语地谈话 * The beach slopes gently to the sea. 沙滩缓缓伸展入海. 2 (idm 习语) easy/gently does it => easy2. 复合： `gentlefolk n [pl v] (dated 旧) people belonging to respected upper-class families 出身名门的人; 上流人士.

gentleman
[5dVentlmEn; 5dVentlmEn] n (pl -men[-mEn; -mEn/) 1 [C] (approv or ironic 褒或反语) man who is polite and shows consideration for the feelings of other people; man who always acts in an honourable way 绅士; 先生; 君子: * Thank you. You're a real gentleman. 谢谢. 您真是君子. * He's no gentleman! 他可不是正人君子! Cf 参看 lady. 2 (a) gentlemen [pl] (fml 文) (as a polite form of address to men 用作对男性的尊称): * Gentlemen of the jury! 陪审团诸位先生! * Ladies and gentlemen! eg when beginning a speech. 女士们、 先生们! (b) [C] (as a polite way of referring to a man 用作对男子的尊称): * There's a gentleman at the door. . =>Usage at lady 用法见lady. 3 [C] (dated 旧) man of wealth and social position, esp one who does not work for a living 富绅; （尤指无需谋生的）富贵闲人: * a country gentleman 乡间富绅 * [attrib 作定语] a gentleman farmer, ie one who owns a farm, but does no manual work himself 乡绅（有农场而不参加体力劳动者）. 派生： gentlemanly adj (approv 褒) of or like a gentleman(1) 绅士风度的; 似绅士的: of gentlemanly appearance 绅士风貌的 * gentlemanly behaviour 绅士般的举止. 复合： a ,gentleman's a`greement agreement that cannot be enforced by law but depends on the mutual trust and good faith of those involved 君子协定; 绅士协定. ,gentleman-at-`arms n (Brit) one of the sovereign's bodyguard （君主或国王的）侍卫.

gentlewoman
[5dVentlwumEn; 5dVentl7wumEn] n (pl -women[-wimin; -7wimin] ) (arch 古) lady 女士.

gentry
[5dVentri; 5dVentri] n [pl v] (usu 通常作 the gentry) people of good social position next below the nobility 绅士; 上等人. 派生： gentrify[5dVentrifai; 5dVentri7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn] (infml 口) restore and smarten (a house, an area, etc) to make it suitable for middle-class residents 将（房子、 地方等）翻修和装饰（以适合中产阶级的人居住）.

genuflect
[5dVenju:flekt; 5dVenju7flekt] v [I] (fml 文) bend the knee, esp in worship 屈膝, 下跪（尤指礼拜）. > genuflexion[7dVenju:'flekFn; 7dVenju'flekFEn] n [C, U].

genuine
[5dVenjuin; 5dVenjuin] adj 1 real; truly what it is said to be; not fake or artificial 真的; 名副其实的; 非伪造的; 非人工的: * a genuine Rubens, ie a painting definitely by Rubens himself, not by an imitator 鲁宾斯的亲笔画 * a genuine pearl 一颗天然珍珠. 2 (fig 比喻) sincere; honest 真诚的; 诚实的: * She seems genuine but can I trust her? 她似乎很诚实, 但我可以信赖她吗? > genuinely adv: * genuinely sorry 真抱歉. genuineness n [U].

genus
[5dVi:nEs; 5dVinEs] n (pl genera[5dVenErE;'dVenErE] ) 1 (biology 生) group of animals or plants within a family(4), often itself subdivided into several species(1) （动植物的）属. Cf 参看 phylum, class 7, order1 9. 2 (infml 口) kind; type 类; 种; 型.

geo-
comb form 构词成分 of the earth 地球的; 土地的:,geo`centric * ge`ography * ge`ology.

geocentric
[7dVi:Eu'sentrik; 7dVio'sentrik] adj 1 having the earth as its centre 以地球为中心的: * a geocentric view of the universe 以地球为中心的宇宙观. 2 measured from the centre of the earth 自地心测量的.

geography
[dVi'CgrEfi; dVi'agrEfi] n 1 [U] scientific study of the earth's surface, physical features, divisions, climate, products, population, etc 地理学: * physical/political/social geography 自然[政治/社会]地理学 * [attrib 作定语] a geography book, student, lecture 研究地理的书、 学生、 讲座. 2 [sing] the ~ (of sth) (infml 口) arrangement of the features of a place （某处的）地形, 地势: * getting to know the geography of a neighbourhood, house, kitchen, etc, ie where things are in relation to each other 了解邻居的环境、 房屋的布局、 厨房的安排等. 派生： geographer/dVi'CgrEfE(r); dVi'agrEfl] n student of or expert in geography 地理学研究者或专家. geographical[7dViE'grAfikl; 7dViE'grAfikl] adj of or relating to geography 地理（学）的; 关於地理（学）的: * geographical features, research 地理特徵、 研究. geographically[-kli; -kli] adv.

geology
[dVi'ClEdVi; dVi'alEdVi] n [U] scientific study of the earth's crust, rocks, strata, etc and of the history of its development 地质学: * [attrib 作定语] a geology course, department, field-trip 地质课程、 系、 考察旅行. 派生： geological/dViE'lCdVikl; 7dViE'ladVikl] adj of or relating to geology 地质（学）的; 有关地质（学）的: * a geological age, formation 地质年代、 结构. geologically[-kli;-kli] adv. geologist/dVi'ClEdVist; dVi'alEdVist] n student of or expert in geology 地质学研究者或专家.

geometry
[dVi'CmEtri; dVi'amEtri] n [U] branch of mathematics dealing with the properties and relations of lines, angles, surfaces and solids 几何（学）: * [attrib 作定语] a geometry set, ie a collection of the instruments needed for drawing geometric figures 一套几何学绘图仪. 派生： geometric/dViE'metrik; 7dViEmetrik] (also geometrical[-ikl; -ikl] ) adj of geometry; of or like the lines, figures, etc used in geometry 几何（学）的; （似）几何线条、 图形等的: * a geometric design 几何图形设计.geometrically[-kli; -kli] adv. geometric progressionordered set of numbers in which each is multiplied or divided by a fixed number to produce the next, as 1, 3, 9, 27, 81 几何级数; 等比级数. Cf 参看 arithmetic progression (arithmetic).

geophysics
[7dViEu'fiziks; 7dVio'fiziks] n [sing v] scientific study of the physics of the earth, eg itsmagnetism, meteorology 地球物理学. > geophysical/ 9dVIEU5fIzIkl; 9dVio`fIzIkl/ adj. geophysicist[7dViEu-'fizEsist; 7dVio'fizisist] n.

geopolitics
[7dViEu'pClEtiks; 7dVio'palEtiks] n [sing v] study of how politics is affected by geographical factors 地理政治学; 地缘政治学. 派生： geopolitical[7dViEupE'litikl; 7dViopE'litikEl] adj of geopolitics 地理政治（学）的; 地缘政治（学）的.

George
[dVC:dV; dVCrdV] n (idm 习语) by George! (dated 旧 Brit) (used as an exclamation of surprise or approval 用作表示惊奇或赞成的感叹语). 复合： ,George `Cross, ,George `Medal (Brit) decorations for bravery awarded esp to civilians 乔治勋章（表彰平民勇敢行为者）.

georgette
[dVC:'dVet; dVCr'dVet] n [U] thin silky dress-material 乔其纱.

Georgian
[5dVC:dVEn; 5dVCrdVEn] adj (Brit) of the time of the British kings George I - IV (1714-1830) 乔治一世至四世时代（1714-1830）的: * a Georgian house 乔治王朝时代的房子 * Georgian furniture 乔治王朝时代的家具.

geranium
[dVE'reiniEm; dVE'reniEm] n garden plant with red, pink or white flowers 老鹳草, 天竺葵（园艺植物, 开红色、 粉红色或白色花）.

geriatrics
[7dVeri5Atriks; 7dVeri5Atriks] n [sing v] branch of medicine dealing with the diseases and care of old people 老年医学; 老年病学; 老年保健学. 派生： geriatric[7dVeri5Atrik; 7dVeri5Atrik] adj of or relating to geriatrics 老年医学的; 老年病学的; 老年保健学的: * the geriatric ward of a hospital 医院中的老年人病房. geriatrician[7dVeriE'triFn; 7dVeriE'triFEn] n doctor specializing in geriatrics 老年医学专家; 老年病学专家; 老年保健学专家.

germ
[dVE:m; dVEm] n 1 [C] portion of a living organism capable of becoming a new organism; embryo of a seed 胚芽; 芽孢; 胚. 2 [C] micro-organism, esp one capable of causing disease 微生物; 细菌; （尤指）病菌: * Disinfectant kills germs. 消毒剂可杀菌. * [attrib 作定语] germ warfare, ie the use of harmful bacteria as a weapon of war 细菌战. 3 [sing] the ~ of sth (fig 比喻) beginning from which sth may develop （某物的）发端, 起源, 萌芽: * the germ of an idea 一种想法的发端. 复合： ,germ `warfare = biological warfare (biological).

German
[5dVE:mEn; 5dVEmEn] adj of Germany, its culture, its language or its people 德国的; 德国文化的; 德语的; 德国人的: * German industry, traditions, grammar 德国工业、 德意志传统、 德语语法. 派生： German n 1 [C] German person 德国人; 德意志人. 2 [U] language spoken in Germany, Austria and part of Switzerland 德语（德国、 奥地利和瑞士部分地区通行的语言）. Germanic/dVE'mAnik; dVl'mAnik] adj having German characteristics 有德国（人）特点的; 德语的; 日耳曼（人、 民族、 语族）的: * Germanic features, attitudes 德国人特徵、 态度 * the Germanic languages, ie the group including German, Dutch, English, etc 日耳曼诸语言（包括德语、 荷兰语、 英语等）. 复合： ,German `measles (also rubella) (infml 口) mild contagious disease causing red spots all over the body 风疹. ,German `shepherd (US) = Alsatian.

germane
[dVE'mein; dVl'men] adj [pred 作表语] ~ (to sth) (fml 文) relevant 有关: * remarks that are germane to the discussion 与讨论有关的言语.

germicide
[5dVE:misaid; 5dVEmE7said] n [C, U]substance used for killing germs 杀菌剂. > germicidal/ 9dV\:mI5saIdl; 9dV[mE`saIdl/ adj.

germinal
[5dVE:minl; 5dVEmEnl] adj in the earliest stage of development 处於萌芽状态的; 初级阶段的: * in a germinal form 处於初级形式.

germinate
[5dVE:mineit; 5dVEmE7net] v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) start growing （使某物）发芽, 萌芽: * The cabbages germinated within a week. 白菜一星期内就发芽了. * to germinate cabbages, beans, etc 使白菜、 豆子等发芽. 派生： germination[7dVE:mi'neiFn; 7dVEmE'neFEn] n [U] germinating; sprouting （使）发芽, 萌芽.

gerontology
[7dVerCn'tClEdVi; 7dVerEn'talEdVi] n [U] scientific study of old age and the process of growing old 老年学（对年老和衰老的研究）.

gerrymander
[5dVerimAndE(r); 5dVeri7mAndl] v [Tn] (derog politics 贬, 政) arrange the boundaries of or divide (an area) for voting in order to give unfair advantages to one party in an election （为使某政党在选举中取得优势）不公正地将（某地区）划成或分成选区. 派生： gerrymander n [C] such a rearrangement 对选区做出的不公正重新划分. gerrymandering n [U] making such a rearrangement 对选区作不公正的重新划分: There has been some gerrymandering. 对选区已作出某些不公正的重新划分.

gerund
[5dVerEnd; 5dVerEnd] n = verbal noun (verbal).

Gestapo
[ge'sta:pEu; gE'stapo] n the Gestapo [Gp] German secret police of the Nazi regime 盖世太保（德国纳粹时期的秘密警察）.

gestation
[dVe'steiFn; dVes'teFEn] n 1 (a) [U] carrying or being carried in the womb between conception and birth 怀孕; 妊娠: * [attrib 作定语] Elephants have a gestation period of about 624 days. 象的怀孕期大约为624日. (b) [sing] period of time taken by this怀孕期; 妊娠期. 2 [U] (fig 比喻) development of an idea, a work of art, etc （思想、 艺术作品等的）酝酿,孕育.

gesticulate
[dVe'stikjuleit; dVes'tikjE7let] v [I] move the hands or arms (usu rapidly) instead of speaking or to emphasize one's words 做手势（通常为迅速地）示意或强调: * He was gesticulating wildly at me, but I could not understand what he was trying to tell me. 他使劲向我做手势, 可是我不明白他的意思. 派生： gesticulation/dVe7stikju'leiFn; 7dVestikjE'leFEn] n 1 [U] gesticulating 做手势; 做示意动作. 2 [C]movement used in this 手势; 示意动作: * wild gesticulations明显的手势.

gesture
[5dVestFE(r); 5dVestFl] n 1 [C, U] expressive movement of a part of the body, esp the hand or head 姿势; 手势: * make a rude gesture 做出粗野的姿势 * with a gesture of despair 用表示绝望的姿势 * communicating by gesture 用手势表达. 2 [C] (fig 比喻) action showing one's (usu friendly) intentions or attitude 示意的或 表明态度的（通常为友好的）动作或姿势: * a gesture of sympathy 同情的态度 * The invitation was meant as a friendly gesture. 那邀请是友好的表示. 派生： gesture v 1 [I] make expressive movements 做表意的动作: to gesture with one's hands 做手势. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tf, Dpr.f, Dpr.t] ~ sth (to sb) convey sth by making gestures 以姿势表示某意: She gestured her disapproval. 她用姿势表示不赞成. * He gestured (to me) that it was time to go. 他向我示意该走了. * He gestured to them to keep quiet, ie told them to do so by making gestures. 他示意要他们保持安静.

get
[get; get] v (-tt-, pt got/gCt; gat] , pp got; US gotten[5gCtn; 5gatn] ) 派生： RECEIVING OR OBTAINING 接到或得到 1 [Tn no passive 不用於被动语态] receive (sth) 收到, 接到（某物）: I got a letter from my sister this morning. 今晨我接到妹妹的信. * Did you get my postcard? 你收到我的明信片了吗? * What did you get for Christmas? 你收到什麽圣诞节礼物了吗? * He gets (ie earns) ￡25000 a year. 他每年收入25000英镑. * This room gets very little sunshine. 这房间没什麽阳光. * Schoolteachers get long holidays. 中小学教师有长假. * He got (ie was hit by) a bullet in the thigh. 他大腿中弹. * She got a shock when she saw the telephone bill. 她看到电话帐单大吃一惊. * I got the impression that he was bored with his job. 我得到的印象是他对工作感到厌倦. 2 [no passive 不用於被动语态: Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] (a) ~ sth (for oneself/sb) obtain sth 得到某事物: Where did you get (ie buy) that skirt? 你那条裙子是从哪儿买的? * Did you manage to get tickets for the concert? 你弄到音乐会的票了吗? * She opened the door wider to get a better look. 她为了看得更清楚, 把门开大了一些. * Try to get some sleep. 去睡一会儿吧. * He doesn't look as though he gets enough exercise. 他似乎缺乏锻炼. * Johnson got (ie won) the gold medal in the 100 metres. 约翰逊获得百米金牌. * She's just got (ie been appointed to) a job with a publishing company. 她刚得到在出版公司的工作. * Why don't you get (yourself) a flat of your own? 你为什麽不弄套房子? * Have you remembered to get your mother a birthday present/to get a birthday present for your mother? 记得给你母亲买生日礼物了吗? (b) ~ sb/sth (for oneself/sb) fetch sb/sth 接（某人）; 取（某物）: Go and get a dictionary and we'll look the word up. 去拿词典来, 我们查查这个字. * Somebody get a doctor! I think this woman's had a heart attack. 谁去把医生找来! 我看这女人心脏病发作了.

get1
* I have to go and get my mother (ie collect her in a car) from the station. 我要到车站接母亲. * Could you get me that book (down) from the top shelf? 请你把最高一格的那本书给我取（下）好吗? * Can I get you a drink/get a drink for you? 我给您弄点什麽喝好吗? 3 [no passive 不用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (for sth) obtain or receive (an amount of money) by selling sth （卖某物）得到或收到（钱）: `How much did you get for your old car?’ `I got ￡800 (for it).’ ‘你的旧汽车卖了多少钱?’‘卖了800英镑. 4 [Tn no passive 不用於被动语态] receive (sth) as a punishment 受到（某种）惩罚: He got ten years (ie was sentenced to ten years in prison) for armed robbery. 他因械劫罪被判十年徒刑. 5 [Tn no passive 不用於被动语态] (a) be able to receive broadcasts from (a particular television or radio station) 收听或收看到（某电视台或电台的）节目: We can't get Channel 4 on our television. 我们的电视机收看不到第4频道的节目. (b) be connected with (sb) by telephone （与某人）接通电话: I wanted to speak to the manager but I got his secretary instead. 我想找经理说话, 可是接电话的是他的秘书. 6 [Tn no passive 不用於被动语态] regularly buy (a newspaper) 定期买（报纸）: Do you get `The Times' or the `Guardian'? 你经常买《泰晤士报》还是《卫报》? 7 [Tn no passive 不用於被动语态] become infected with (an illness); suffer from or be affected by (a pain, etc) 感染（某病）; 患（病）; 受（疼痛等）侵袭: get bronchitis, flu, measles, etc 患支气管炎、 流感、 麻疹等 * She gets (ie regularly suffers from) bad headaches. 她经常头痛. 8 [Tn no passive 不用於被动语态] achieve or be awarded (the specified examination grade, class of degree, etc) （考试）达到（某等级）; 获授予（某学位）: She got a first in English at Oxford. 她在牛津大学学习英文, 获优等学位. 派生： REACHING OR BRINGING TO A PARTICULAR STATE OR CONDITION 达到或使处於某状态或情况

get2
9 (a) [La] reach the specified state or condition; become 达到某状态或情况; 变得: get angry, bored, hungry, worried, etc 发怒、 生厌、 饥饿、 不安 * get fat, fit, thinner, etc 发胖、 健康、 变瘦 * It/The weather is getting colder. 天气渐冷. * She's getting better, eg after her illness. 她渐渐好了（如病後）. * You'll get wet if you go out in the rain without an umbrella. 雨天外出不带伞会淋湿的. * You'll soon get used to the climate here. 你很快就会习惯这里的气候. * We ought to go; it's getting late. 我们该走了, 天越来越晚了. =>Usage at become 用法见become. (b) [La, Cn.a] cause oneself to be in the specified state or condition 使自己处於某状态或情况: get dressed/undressed, ie put one's clothes on/take one's clothes off 穿上[脱下]衣服 * They plan to get married in the summer. 他们打算夏天结婚. * She's upstairs getting (herself) ready (to go out). 她在楼上（更衣）准备（外出）. (c) (used in place of be with a past participle to form passive constructions 代替be, 与过去分词连用构成被动结构): Do you think the Tories will get (ie be) re-elected? 你认为保守党能再次当选吗? * I wouldn't go there after dark; you might get (ie be) mugged. 天黑之後我就不到那里去了, 怕有人抢劫. 10 [Cn.a] cause (sb/sth) to be or become 使（某人[某事物]为）成: She soon got the children ready for school. 她很快帮孩子做好上学的准备. * I must get the dinner ready, ie prepare it. 我得把饭做好. * Don't get your new trousers dirty! 别把你的新裤子弄脏! * Don't let the incident get you upset. 别为这事烦恼. * Do you think you'll get the work finished on time? 你认为你的工作可以如期完成吗? * He got his wrist broken, ie broke it accidentally. 他扭伤了手腕. * I couldn't get the car started this morning. 今晨我无法把汽车发动起来. * Go and get your hair cut! 你去理理发去! * She got her fingers caught in the door. 她的手指让门给夹了.

get3
派生： MAKING SOMETHING HAPPEN 使某事发生 11 [Cn.g] bring (sb/sth) to the point at which he/it is doing sth 使（某人[某事物]）做某事: Can you really get that old car going again? 你真能让那辆旧汽车再跑起来? * It's not hard to get him talking; the problem is stopping him! 让他说话不难, 难的是说开了止不住他! 12 [Cn.t] cause, persuade, etc (sb/sth) to do sth 使, 说服...（某人[某事物]）做某事: I couldn't get the car to start (ie make it start) this morning. 今早我无法把汽车发动起来. * He got (ie persuaded) his sister to help him with his homework. 他说服他姐姐帮他做家庭作业. * You'll never get him to understand. 谁也无法让他明白. * I can't get her to talk at all. 我简直无法叫她说话. 派生： REACHING THE POINT WHERE ONE DOES SOMETHING 做起某事来 13 (a) [Tg] reach thestage at which one is doing sth; start doing sth 做起某事来; 开始做某事: I got talking to her/We got talking. 我和她谈起话来了[我们谈起话来了]. * We got chatting and discovered we'd been at college together.我们聊起天来才发现我们原是校友. * get working on a problem 开始研究某问题 * You have an hour to clean the whole house -- so get scrubbing! 你只有一个小时来打扫整座房子--快开始擦洗吧! (b) [It] reach the point at which one feels, knows, is, etc sth 开始感觉到、 认识、 成为...某事物: You'll like her once you get to know her. 你一旦了解她, 就喜欢她了. * How did you get to know (ie discover or learn) that I was here? 你怎麽知道我在这里? * One soon gets to like it here. 谁都会很快就喜欢这里的. * She's getting to be an old lady now. 她现在可算是位老妇人了. * After a time you get to realize that these things don't matter. 你过些时候就知道这些事无关紧要. * His drinking is getting to be a problem. 他酗酒越来越成问题了. * Your mother will be furious if she gets to hear of this. 你母亲若知此事定会怒不可遏.

get4
14 [It] (esp US) have the chance or opportunity to do sth; manage to do sth 有做某事的时机; 设法做某事: Did you get to see the Louvre while you were in Paris? 你在巴黎时有机会参观罗浮宫吗? * One day we'll both get to see New York. 总有一天我俩都有机会看看纽约. * When do I get to go to a movie? 我什麽时候才可以去看场电影? 派生： MOVING OR CAUSING TO MOVE 移动或使移动 15 (a) [Ipr, Ip] move to or from a specified point or in a specified direction, sometimes with difficulty 到或离开某处或沿某方向移动（有时有困难）: The bridge was destroyed so we couldn't get across (ie cross) the river. 桥已毁坏, 我们无法过河. * She got back into bed. 她回到床上. * She got down from the ladder. 她从梯子上下来. * He got into the car. 他钻进汽车里. * Can you get over the wall? 你能爬过那堵墙吗? * We didn`t get (ie go) to bed till 3 am. 我们凌晨3时才上床睡觉. * I'm getting off (ie leaving the train) at the next station. 我下站下（火车）. * Where have they got to? ie Where are they? 他们到什麽地方去了? * Please let me get by, ie pass. 请让我过去. * We must be getting home; it's past midnight. 我们得回家了, 已经半夜了. (b) [Tn.pr, Tn.p] cause (sb/sth) to move to or from a specified point or in a specified direction, sometimes with difficulty 使（某人[某事物]）到或离开（某处）或沿某方向移动（有时有困难）: The general had to get his troops across the river. 将军要使其部队过河. * We couldn't get the piano through the door. 我们无法将钢琴搬过这道门. * He's drunk again; we'd better call a taxi and get him home. 他又醉了, 最好叫辆计程车把他送回家去. * I can't get the lid on/off. 我盖不上[取不下]盖子. (c) [Ipr, Ip] ~ to/into...; ~ in arrive at or reach a place or point 来到或到达某地或某点: We got to London at 7 o'clock. 我们7点到达伦敦. * The train gets into Glasgow at 6 o'clock in the morning. 火车早晨6点到达格拉斯哥.

get5
* You got in/home very late last night. 昨夜你回来[回家]很晚. * What time did you get here? 你什麽时候到这里的? * I haven't got very far with the book I'm reading. 那本书我还没读多少呢. 16 [Tn no passive 不用於被动语态] travel by (bus, taxi, plane, etc); take (a bus, etc) 乘（公共汽车、 计程车、 飞机等）: We're going to be late; let's get a taxi. 我们要迟到了, 坐计程车吧. * `How do you come to work?’ `I usually get the bus.’ ‘你怎麽来上班的?’‘一般坐公共汽车.’

geum
[5dVi:Em; 5dViEm] n kind of small garden plant with red or yellow flowers 水杨梅（矮小的园艺植物, 开红色或黄色花）.

geyser
n 1[5gaizEr; 5gaizl] column of hot water or steam sent up from the ground at intervals, caused by the heating of water deep in the Earth 间歇泉. 2[5gi:-zE(r); 5gizl] (Brit) apparatus formerly used for heating large amounts of water (usu by gas) in a kitchen or bathroom （旧时厨房或浴室中通常燃煤气的）热水器.

ghastly
[5ga:stli; - 'gAstli; 5gAstli] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 [usu attrib 通常作定语] causing horror or fear 可怕的; 恐怖的: * a ghastly accident, experience, fright, murder 可怕的事故、 经历、 惊吓、 谋杀. 2 (infml 口) very bad; distasteful 极坏的; 糟透的; 令人反感的: * a ghastly error, mess, mistake, etc 极大的过失、 混乱、 错误等 * Her hairdo and make-up look positively ghastly! 她的发型和脂粉看上去真令人恶心! * What a ghastly man! 多讨厌的人! 3 [usu pred 通常作表语] ill; upset 有病; 不适; 苦恼: * I feel ghastly; I shouldn't have drunk so much! 我觉得很不舒服, 我不该喝那麽多! * I felt ghastly about refusing, but I had no alternative. 我觉得要加以拒绝很不是滋味, 但我别无他途. 4 (fml 文) very pale and death-like in appearance 苍白的; 死一般的: * You look ghastly; are you all right? 你脸色很难看, 是不舒服了吗? * She had a ghastly pallor. 她脸色苍白难看. * His face was a ghastly white. 他脸色苍白. > ghastliness n [U].

ghat
(also ghaut)[gC:t; gCt] n 1 (in India) flight of steps leading down to a landing place on a river bank or lakeside （印度的）（河边或湖边供人上下的）台阶. 2 (usu pl 通常作复数) (also burning `ghat) level area at the top of a river ghat on which Hindus cremate their dead 河边火葬地（河边台阶顶部平台, 为印度人火化 体处）. 3 mountain pass in India （印度的）山隘, 山路.

ghee
[gi:; gi] n [U] purified semi-liquid butter used in Indian cooking （印度烹饪用的半流质的）精炼奶油.

gherkin
[5gE:kin; 5gEkin] n small green cucumber for pickling （作泡菜的）小黄瓜.

ghetto
[5getEu; 5geto] n (pl ~s) 1 (formerly in some countries) Jewish quarter of a town （旧时某些国家的）城市中的犹太人区. 2 (often derog 常作贬义) area of a town lived in by any minority national or social group, typically crowded and with poor housing conditions 少数民族居住区; 贫民区: * the clearance of slum ghettos to make way for new housing developments 为建 新住宅区而对贫民区的拆除 * a rich people's ghetto, ie an area in a town where rich people live, surrounded by poorer people （贫民区中的）富人区. 派生： ghettoize, -ise v [Tn] (derog 贬) put (sb/sth) into a separate limited category, artificially cut off from others 将（某人[某事物]）置於隔离的有限范围内. ghettoization, -isation[7getEuai'zeiFn; - -Eui'z-;7getoE'zeFEn] n [U]. 复合： `ghetto blaster large and powerful portable radio and cassette player 大功率手提式大型收音录音机.

ghost
[gEust; gost] n 1 spirit of a dead person appearing to sb who is still living 鬼; 幽灵: * The ghost of Lady Margaret is supposed to haunt this chapel. 据说玛格丽特女士的鬼魂常在这个礼拜堂出没. * I don't believe in ghosts, ie don't believe that they exist. 我不相信有鬼. * He looked as if he had seen a ghost, ie looked very frightened. 他那副惊骇的样子就像见到了鬼似的. 2 [sing] ~ of sth (fig 比喻) very faint, slight amount or trace of sth 某事物的一点点; 朦胧的痕迹; 隐约的一丝: * The ghost of a smile (ie a very faint smile) played round her lips. 她嘴角上露着一丝微笑. * You haven't a ghost of a chance, ie You have no chance. 你毫无机会. 3 faint secondary image on a television screen （电视屏幕 上的）重影, 重像. 4 (idm 习语) give up the `ghost (a) die 死. (b) (joc 谑) fail to work or to make an effort 失效; 不能使用; 不再努力: * The car seems to have given up the ghost. 看来这汽车算是报销了. lay a `ghost (a) exorcise an evil spirit 驱除魔鬼: * The ghost has been laid and will not return to haunt you again. 那鬼魂已经祛除, 不会再回来缠着你了. (b) (infml 口) finally overcome a previous failure which seemed impossible to recover from 终於洗雪前次似无可挽回的失败: * Her gold-medal victory laid the ghost of her shock defeat in the European Championships. 她在欧洲锦标赛中的惨败终因她夺得金牌的胜利而雪耻. 派生： ghost v [Ipr, Tn] ~ (for) sb act as a ghost-writer for sb 给某人捉刀; 为人代笔: He ghosts for a number of sports personalities who `write' newspaper columns. 他给一些为报纸专栏‘写’文章的体育界名人做捉刀人. * her ghosted memoirs, ie written by someone else 她那由别人代笔的回忆录. ghostly[5gEustli; 5gostli] adj (-ier, -iest) of or being a ghost; like a ghost in appearance or sound 鬼的; （外貌或声音）像鬼的: * a ghostly voice whispering in sb's ear 在某人耳边低语的幽灵般的声音

ghost1
* ghostly shapes of bats flitting about in the dark 黑暗中蝙蝠飞翔的鬼影. ghostliness n [U]: the ghostliness of the ship's outline 幽灵般的船影. 复合： `ghost story story about ghosts, intended to frighten the reader 鬼怪故事. `ghost town town whose former inhabitants have all left 废弃的城镇. `ghost-write v [I, Ipr, Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] ~ sth (for sb) write (material) for sb else and allow him to publish it under his own name 代人写作; 为人捉刀写（材料）: a ghost-written newspaper column 代人捉刀的报纸专栏. `ghost-writer n person who does this 捉刀人; 代笔者.

ghoul
[gu:l; gul] n 1 (in stories) spirit that robs graves and feeds on the corpses in them （故事中的）盗墓食 鬼. 2 (derog 贬) person with an unnaturally strong interest in death, disaster and other unpleasant things 以死亡、 灾难等恶事为乐的人: * these ghouls who come and stare at road accidents 来看交通事故惨状引以为乐的好事者. 派生： ghoulish[5gu:liF; 5guliF] adj of or like a ghoul; very unpleasant; gruesome 食 鬼似的; 极为讨厌的; 令人毛骨悚然的: * ghoulish behaviour, laughter, stories 凶残的行为、 狞笑、 恐怖故事.

GHQ
[7dVi: eitF 'kju:; 7dVi etF 'kju] abbr 缩写 = General Headquarters: * orders received from GHQ 总司令部发来的命令.

GI
[7dVi: 'ai; 5dVi'ai] n enlisted soldier of the US army 美国现役陆军士兵. 复合： ,GI `bride foreign woman who marries a US soldier on duty abroad 美国军人在国外服役时娶的外国女子.

giant
[5dVaiEnt; 5dVaiEnt] n 1 (in fairy-tales and myths) person of human shape but enormous size and strength (often cruel and stupid) （童话和神话故事中的）巨人（常为残酷和愚蠢的）. 2 unusually large person, animal, plant, business organization, etc 巨人, 巨物（异常大的动植物、 商业组织等）: * His son is a giant of 6 feet already. 他的儿子已是6英尺高的大个子了. * He's the giant of (ie the tallest person) the family. 他是家中个子最高的. * What a giant of a tree! 多高大的树哇! * the multinational oil giants 跨国大石油公司 * [attrib 作定语] a giant cabbage 大洋白菜 * a cabbage of giant size 巨大的洋白菜. 3 (fig 比喻) person of unusually great ability or genius 能力或才智超群的伟人: * Shakespeare is a giant among poets/the giant of poets. 莎士比亚是诗人中的大文豪. 派生： giantess[5dVaiEntes; 5dVaiEntEs] n female giant 女巨人. 复合： giant `panda = panda. `giant-size (also `giant-sized) adj very large; larger than usual 非常大的; 特大的: a giant-sized packet of detergent 特大号包装的洗涤剂.

gibber
[5dVibE(r); 5dVibl] v [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (away/on) (about sth/at sb) (a) (of a monkey or a frightened person) talk quickly or make meaningless sounds （指猴子或受惊吓的人）快速地说或发出无意义的声音: * monkeys gibbering at one another in the tree-tops 在树梢上叽哩咕噜乱叫的猴子 * He cowered in the corner, gibbering with terror. 他蜷缩在角落里, 吓得喃喃自语. (b) (derog 贬) talk a lot without seeming to say anything important 说得多而无什意义; 瞎扯: * What's he gibbering away about? 他在胡扯些什麽? * a gibbering idiot 胡言乱语的白痴. 派生： gibberish[5dVibEriF; 5dVibEriF] n [U] meaningless sounds; unintelligible talk; nonsense 无意义的声音; 含混不清的谈话; 胡说: * Don't talk gibberish! 别胡扯!

gibbet
[5dVibit; 5dVibit] n 1 (arch 古) gallows 绞刑架; 绞台. 2 upright post with a projecting arm from which in former times the bodies of executed criminals were hung （旧时罪犯受绞刑後吊 体的）示众架.

gibbon
[5gibEn; 5gibEn] n long-armed ape of south-east Asia 长臂猿（产於东南亚）. =>illus at ape 见ape插图.

gibe
(also jibe)[dVaib; dVaib] v [I, Ipr] ~ (at sb/sth) jeer at or mock sb/sth; make fun of sb/sth 讥笑、 嘲弄、 戏弄或取笑某人[某事物]: * It's easy enough for you to gibe at them, but could you do any better? 笑话人家很容易, 可是你能做得更好吗? 派生： gibe (US jibe) n ~ (about/at sb/sth) taunt; mocking remark; cruel joke 嘲弄; 嘲讽; 挖苦人的笑话: a cruel, malicious, nasty, etc gibe 刻薄的、 恶意的、 恶毒的...嘲弄 * cheap gibes about her fatness 对她的肥胖所作的粗俗的嘲笑.

giblets
[5dViblits; 5dViblits] n [pl] edible organs (heart, liver, etc) of a bird, taken out and usu cooked separately （禽类可供食用的）内脏, 杂碎（心、 肝等）.

giddy
[5gidi; 5gidi] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 (a) [usu pred 通常作表语] having the feeling that everything is turning round and that one is going to fall 头晕; 眩晕: * I feel giddy; I must sit down. 我觉得头晕, 得坐下来. * have a giddy feeling 有眩晕的感觉 * (fig 比喻) giddy with their first business success 为商业上初次成功而飘飘然. (b) [usu attrib 通常作定语] causing such a feeling 令人眩晕的; 头昏眼花的; 头晕的: * travel at a giddy speed 以令人目眩的速度行进 * look down from a giddy height 从令人眩晕的高处俯视 * (fig 比喻) Life then was a succession of giddy triumphs, ie exciting but not stable or lasting. 那时的生活可谓人间得意、 千红万紫, 盛极一时. 2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (dated derog 旧, 贬) too fond of excitement and pleasure; not serious 热衷於刺激和欢乐的; 轻浮的; 不严肃的: * a giddy girl, who will never settle down to anything serious 永远安不下心来做正经事的轻浮女孩. 3 [attrib 作定语] (dated 旧) (used to add emphasis to certain exclamations 用以加强某些感叹词语的语气): * Oh my giddy aunt! 哦, 我的好姑姑! * That really is the giddy limit! 那真是最大限度了! 派生： giddily[5gidili; 5gidili] adv: * stagger giddily round the room 在房间各处摇摇摆摆地走. giddiness[5gidinis; 5gidinis] n [U] giddy feeling 眩晕感; 头晕; 头昏.

gift
[gift; gift] n 1 thing given willingly without payment; present 礼物; 赠品: * a kind, generous, small, etc gift 使人感到亲切的、 慷慨的、 小小的...礼物 * a birthday, Christmas, wedding, etc gift 生日、 圣诞、 结婚等礼品 * a gift to charity 慈善捐赠 * a gift of chocolates, flowers, etc 巧克力、 鲜花等礼物. 2 ~ (for sth/doing sth) natural talent or ability 天赋; 禀赋; 才能: * I've always been able to learn languages easily; it's a gift. 我学习语言一向是轻而易举, 这是天分. * He has many outstanding gifts. 他多才多艺. * have a gift for music 有音乐天才 * the gift of making friends easily 善於交友的才能 * (ironic 反语) a gift for doing/saying the wrong thing 天生的做错事[说错话]的本事. 3 (usu sing 通常作单数) (infml 口) (a) unusually cheap purchase; bargain 便宜货; 合算的交易: * At that price it's an absolute gift! 那个价钱, 纯粹是白给! (b) (fig 比喻 ) thing that is very easy or too easy to do 轻而易举的事; 过分容易的事: * Their second goal was a real gift. 他们得的第二分真是易如反掌. * That exam question was an absolute gift! 那道试题纯粹是白送分! * It was a gift of a question. 解答那一道题不费吹灰之力. * [attrib 作定语] a gift question 一道白送分的题. 4 (idm 习语) a gift from the `gods advantageous thing that is unearned and unexpected 非劳动所得; 意外所得: * To have such an easy examination paper was a gift from the gods. 碰到这样容易的考卷, 那是老天爷的恩赐. the gift of the `gab (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) the ability to speak fluently and eloquently 口才; 辩才. God's gift to sb/sth => god. in the gift of sb which sb has the right or power to give or grant 由某人授予或准予: * a post in the sovereign's gift, ie one which the sovereign has the right to appoint a person to 君主授予的职位. look a gift horse in the `mouth (usu with negatives 通常与否定词连用) refuse or criticize sth that is given to one for nothing 拒受 赠; 受礼而加挑剔.

gift1
派生： gifted[5giftid; 5giftid] adj 1 ~ (at/in sth) having a great deal of natural ability or talent 有天才的; 有天赋的: * a gifted artist, pianist, etc 有天赋的艺术家、 钢琴家等 * gifted at singing, writing, etc 有唱歌、 写作等天资的 * gifted in art, music, etc 有艺术、 音乐等天才的. 2 very intelligent or talented 悟性高的; 聪颖的; 天才的: * gifted children 聪慧的儿童. 复合： `gift box, `gift pack box or pack specially designed to contain a gift 礼物盒; 礼物包装. `gift shop shop that specializes in selling articles suitable as gifts 礼品商店. `gift token, `gift voucher token or voucher that can be exchanged in a shop for goods of a certain value 礼券. `gift-wrap v [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] wrap (an article) in a shop ready for presentation as a gift （商店中）将（某物）包装成礼品状. `gift-wrapping n [U] special paper, etc used for wrapping a gift 礼物包装纸等.

gig
[gig; gig] n 1 small light two-wheeled carriage pulled by one horse 单马双轮轻便马车. 2 (infml 口) engagement to play jazz or pop music, esp for a single night （爵士乐或流行音乐的）特约演奏（尤指一夜的）.

gigantic
[dVai'gAntik; dVai'gAntik] adj of very great size or extent; immense 巨大的; 庞大的: * a gigantic person, with a gigantic appetite 胃口极大的大高个儿 * a problem of gigantic proportions 重大的问题 * a gigantic effort, improvement, success, etc 巨大的努力、 改进、 成功等. > gigantically/dVai'gntikli; dVai'gAntikli] adv: * gigantically successful 非常成功的.

giggle
[5gigl; 5gigl] v [I, Ipr] ~ (at sb/sth) laugh lightly in a nervous or silly way 咯咯笑; 傻笑: * Stop giggling, children; this is a serious matter. 孩子们, 别傻笑了, 这是严肃的事情. * giggling at one of her silly jokes 让她那拙劣的笑话逗得咯咯笑. 派生： giggle n 1 [C] laugh of this kind 咯咯笑; 傻笑: There was a giggle from the back of the class. 从教室後面传来咯咯的笑声. 2 [sing] (thing which provides) amusement 娱乐; 提供娱乐的事物: What a giggle! 多有意思的玩意儿! * Today's lesson was a bit of a giggle. 今天的课真有趣. * I only did it for a giggle. 我做那事只是为了取乐. 3 the giggles [pl] continuous uncontrolled laughter of this kind (esp by young girls) 持续的, 放纵的笑（尤指女孩）: get the giggles 发出咯咯笑声 * She had a fit of the giggles. 她咯咯地笑了一阵. giggly[5gigli; 5gigli] adj (often derog 常作贬义) 1 inclined to giggle 爱傻笑的: * a giggly schoolgirl 爱傻笑的女学生. 2 having the sound or quality of giggling 咯咯笑的; 傻笑的: * giggly laughter 咯咯的笑声. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: 1 Snigger (US snicker) indicates childish and disrespectful laughing at somethingregarded as unusual or improper *snigger（美式英语作snicker躣指对异常的或不当的事发出幼稚的、 不尊重的笑声: What are you sniggering at? Haven't you seen people kissing before? 你们笑什麽? 没见过接吻吗? 2 Giggle is also childish. *giggle也指发出幼稚的笑声. It is often uncontrolled (a fit of giggling/(the) giggles) and is either in response to something silly or a nervous reaction 这一词常指失去控制的笑（a fit of giggling / (the) giggles一阵傻笑）, 或因无聊琐事引起或为神经质的反应: The children couldn't stop giggling at the teacher's high-pitched voice. 教师的嗓音很高, 孩子们都不禁咯咯地笑起来. * She giggled nervously when the judges congratulated her on her costume. 评判员赞赏她的服装, 她神经质地笑了起来.

gigolo
[5VigElEu; 5VigE7lo] n (pl ~s) 1 professional male dancing partner who may be hired by wealthy women 舞男; （有钱女子雇的）男舞伴. 2 (derog 贬) paid male companion or lover of a wealthy older woman （有钱的年长妇女雇的）男伴或情人.

gild
[gild; gild] v [Tn] 1 cover (sth) with gold-leaf(3) or gold-coloured paint 覆金箔於（某物）; 涂金色於（某物）: * gild a picture-frame 给画框涂上金色. 2 (fig rhet 比喻, 修辞) make (sth) bright as if with gold 使（某物）如金子般生光: * white walls of houses gilded by the morning sun 金色晨光照耀下的房子的白墙. 3 (idm 习语) gild the `lily try to improve what is already satisfactory 给百合花贴金（尽力改进本已合意的事物）. gild the `pill make (sth) unpleasant but necessary seem attractive 苦药裹糖衣（将讨厌的但必要的事物弄得吸引人）. 派生： gilded adj [attrib 作定语] wealthy and of the upper-classes 富有的; 上层阶级的: the gilded youth (ie young people) of the Edwardian era 爱德华时代的富贵年轻人. gilder[5gildE(r); 5gildl] n person who gilds things 金饰工人. gilding[5gildiN; 5gildiN] n [U] 1 applying of gilt to sth 在某物上覆金箔或涂金色. 2 material with which things are gilded; surface made by such material 饰金用的或金色的材料; 金饰或金色的表面.

gill
1[gil; gil] n (usu pl 通常作复数) 1 opening on the side of a fish's head through which it breathes 鳃. =>illus at fish 见fish插图. 2 any of the thin vertical sheets on the underside of a mushroom （蘑菇的）菌褶. =>illus at fungus 见fungus插图. 3 (infml joc 口, 谑) area of skin under a person's ears and jaw （人的）腮: * be/go green/white about the gills, ie look pale with fear or sickness 脸色发青[苍白]（受惊吓或因病）.

gillie
[5gili; 5gili] n man or boy attending sb shooting or fishing for sport in Scotland （苏格兰）伺候渔猎运动者的仆人或男孩.

gilt
[gilt; gilt] n 1 [U] gold (or sth resembling gold) applied to a surface in a thin layer （覆於物体表面的）薄层的金（或似金的物质）: * [attrib 作定语] a gilt brooch 镀金胸针. 2 gilts [pl] (finance 财) gilt-edged securities 金边证券. 3 (idm 习语) take the gilt off the `gingerbread do or be sth which makes a situation or achievement less attractive or worthwhile （做出）使情况或成就失色的事物. 复合： ,gilt-`edged adj (finance 财) not risky; secure 金边的; 保险的; 安全的: ,gilt-edged se`curities/`shares/`stock, ie investments that are considered safe and sure to produce interest 金边证券[股份/股票]（可靠、 安全、 确保获利的）.

gimbals
[5dVimblz; 5dVimblz] n [pl] pivoting device for keeping instruments (eg a compass) horizontal in a moving ship, etc 平衡环, 水平环（使仪表, 如罗盘, 保持水平位置的仪器）.

gimcrack
[5dVimkrAk; 5dVim7krAk] adj [attrib 作定语] worthless; flimsy; badly made 无价值的; 不结实的; 粗制滥造的: * gimcrack ornaments 劣质的饰物.

gimlet
[5gimlit; 5gimlit] n small T-shaped tool for boring a screw hole in a piece of wood 螺丝锥; 木钻; 手钻: * (fig 比喻) eyes like gimlets, ie sharp eyes which seem to penetrate with their look 锐利如锥的目光.

gimmick
[5gimik; 5gimik] n (often derog 常作贬义) unusual, amusing, etc thing whose only purpose is to attract attention, and which has little or no value or importance of its own （为引人注意而无甚价值或不重要的）异常的或有趣的事物; 小玩意儿; 花招: * a promotional/publicity/sales gimmick 推销的[宣传的/兜售的]噱头 * a flashy expensive car with all sorts of gimmicks like self-winding windows 装置有各式小革新如自动升降窗的豪华昂贵汽车. 派生： gimmickry[5gimikri; 5gimikri] n [U] (derog 贬) (use of) gimmicks 花招; 小玩意儿: * There is too much advertising gimmickry. 广告花招太多了. gimmicky[5gimiki; 5gimiki] adj.

gin
1[dVin; dVin] n 1 trap or snare for catching animals （诱捕动物的）陷阱, 圈套. 2 (also cotton gin) machine for separating raw cotton from its seeds 轧棉机; 轧花机.

ginger
[5dVindVE(r); 5dVindVl] n [U] 1 (plant with a) hot-tasting spicy root used as a flavouring 姜: * crystallized ginger 糖姜 * ground, root, stem ginger 姜粉、 姜丝、 蜜饯姜. 2 liveliness; spirit; energy 活力; 精神; 精力: * The football team needs a bit more ginger in it. 这支足球队需要些活力. 3 light reddish-yellow colour 姜黄色: * His hair was a bright shade of ginger. 他的头发带一点姜黄色. 派生： ginger adj 1 [attrib 作定语] flavoured with ginger 姜味的: ginger cake 姜汁饼. 2 of the colour ginger 姜黄色的: ginger hair, whiskers, eyebrows, etc 姜黄色的头发、 络腮胡子、 眉毛等 * a ginger cat 姜黄色的猫. ginger v (phr v) ginger sb/sth up make sb/sth more vigorous or lively 使某人[某事物]有活力、 活跃或有生气: Some dancing would ginger up the party. 跳跳舞就可以使聚会活跃起来. * The Prime Minister appointed some new ministers to ginger up her administration. 首相任命一些新大臣以增强她现届政府的活力. gingery[5dVindVEri; 5dVindVEri] adj (somewhat) like ginger （有点）似姜的; 姜味的: * a gingery flavour 姜味 * a gingery colour 姜黄色. 复合： ginger-`ale, ginger-`beer ns [U] types of non-alcoholic fizzy drink flavoured with ginger 姜味汽水. `gingerbread n [U] 1 ginger-flavoured treacle cake or biscuit 姜味饼. 2 (idm 习语) take the gilt off the gingerbread => gilt. `ginger group group within a larger group (esp in a political party) urging a more active or livelier policy 活跃的或激进的集团（尤指政党中的）. `ginger-nut, `ginger-snap ns types of ginger-flavoured biscuit 姜味薄脆饼.

gingerly
[5dVindVEli; 5dVindVlli] adv with great care and caution to avoid causing harm or making a noise 极谨慎地（以免造成伤害或发出声响）: * Gingerly he opened the door of the rat's cage. 他小心翼翼地打开鼠笼的门. 派生： gingerly adj cautious 小心翼翼的; 轻手轻脚的: She sat down in a gingerly manner. 她轻轻地坐下.

gingham
[5giNEm; 5giNEm] n [U] cotton or linen cloth with a striped or check pattern 条纹的或方格的棉布或亚麻布: * [attrib 作定语] a gingham dress 方格连衣裙.

gingivitis
[7dVindVi'vaitis; 7dVindVE'vaitEs] n [U] (medical 医) inflammation of the gums 龈炎.

ginseng
[5dVinseN; 5dVinseN] n [U] (plant with a) sweet-smelling root used esp in alternative medicine 人参; 西洋参.

gipsy
= gypsy.

giraffe
[dVi'ra:f; - dVE'rAf; dVE'rAf] n (pl unchanged or ~s 复数或不变或作 giraffes) African animal with a very long neck and legs and dark patches on its coat 长颈鹿（产於非洲）.

gird
[gE:d; gEd] v (pt, pp girded or girt/gE:t; gEt] ) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) (arch 古) surround sth 围绕某物: * Trees girded the dark lake. 树木环绕着那阴暗的湖. * a sea-girt island 四面环海的岛. 2 [Tn.pr] ~ sb (with sth) (arch 古) clothe sb 给某人穿衣; 供某人以衣服: * He girded himself with armour for the battle. 他穿好铠甲准备战斗. 3 (idm 习语) gird (up) one's `loins (rhet or joc 修辞或谑) prepare for action 准备行动. 4 (phr v) gird sth on (arch 古) fasten sth on, esp with a belt 将某物束紧, 扎住, 缠好（尤指用带子）: * He girded on his sword. 他系上宝剑.

girder
[5gE:dE(r); 5gEdl] n long strong iron or steel beam used for building bridges and the framework of large buildings （桥梁和大建 物的）主梁, 大梁.

girdle
1[5gE:dl; 5gEdl] n 1 cord or belt fastened round the waist to keep clothes in position 腰带. 2 (rhet 修辞) thing that surrounds sth else 围绕物: * a girdle of green fields round a town 城镇四周绿色的田野. 3 (anatomy 解) connected ring of bones in the body 带; 环状骨: * the pelvic girdle 骨盆带. 4 (dated 旧) corset 束腹紧身衣. 派生： girdle v [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (about/around) (with sth) (rhet 修辞) surround sth 围绕某事物: a village girdled with green fields 绿色田野环绕的村庄 * an island girdled about by deep blue water 蓝色的深水域环绕着的岛.

girl
[gE:l; gEl] n 1 [C] (a) female child 女孩; 姑娘: * a baby girl 女婴 * a little girl of six (years old) 六岁女童 * Good morning, girls and boys! 孩子们, 早上好! (b) daughter 女儿: * Their eldest girl's getting married. 他们的长女就要结婚了. 2 [C] (a) young, usu unmarried, woman 年轻女子（通常指未婚者）: * a girl in her teens or early twenties 十几岁或二十岁出头的姑娘 * He was eighteen before he started going out with girls. 他十八岁才开始交女朋友. (b) woman of the specified type 某种类型的女人: * She's the new girl in the office, so give her any help she needs. 她是办公室的新人, 她有什麽需要就多帮帮忙. * the old girl who owns the sweet shop 这家糖果店的女掌柜 * I'm a career girl, ie I concentrate on my career rather than getting married, etc. 我是事业心强的女人（注重事业而不思结婚等）. 3 [C] (usu in compounds 通常用以构成复合词) female worker 女工作人员: * an office-girl, a shop-girl, a telephone-girl, etc. 4 (man's) girl-friend （男子的）女朋友: * taking his girl home to meet his parents 带女朋友回家见父母. 5 girls [pl] (infml often joc 口, 常作戏谑语) (used for addressing a group of women of any age, by market-salesman, popular entertainers, etc 市场推销员、 受欢迎的演员等用以称呼任何年龄的妇女). 6 the girls [pl] female friends of any age （任何年龄的）女性朋友: * a night out with the girls 与女朋友外出的夜晚. 派生： girlhood[5gE:lhud; 5gElhud] n [U] state or time of being a girl 少女时期: * She spent her girlhood in Africa. 她的少女时代是在非洲度过的. * [attrib 作定语] my girlhood ambitions 我在少女时代的抱负. girlie (also girly)[5gE:li; 5gEli] adj [attrib 作定语] (often derog 常作贬义) containing erotic pictures of young women 有年轻女子的色情图片的: * girlie magazines, calendars, etc 有美女艳照的杂志、 日历等.

girl1
girlish[5gE:liF; 5gEliF] adj of, for or like a young girl 女孩子的; 少女的; 为少女的; 少女般的: * girlish games, behaviour, laughter 女孩子的游戏、 举止、 笑声. girlishly[5gE:liFli; 5gEliFli] adv. 复合： girl `Friday young woman with a wide range of office duties 办公室中任多种职责的年轻女助理. `girl-friend n female companion, esp a man's regular (and possibly sexual) partner （男子的）女朋友, 情人. Girl `Guide (Brit also Guide, US Girl `Scout) member of an organization for girls (equivalent to the Boy Scouts) which aims to develop practical skills, self-reliance and helpfulness 女童子军. Cf 参看 scout2.

giro
[5dVairEu; 5dVairo] n (pl ~s) (commerce 商) 1 [U, C] system for transferring money directly from one bank account or post-office account to another （银行或邮局间的）直接转帐制度: * Money has been credited to your account by bank giro. 钱已由银行直接转帐入你的帐户. * I'll pay by giro, ie using the giro system. 我用直接转帐支付. * The British Post Office giro system is called the National Giro/Girobank. 英国邮局直接转帐制度称为全国邮政通汇转帐制. * [attrib 作定语] a (bank) giro credit, payment, transfer, etc （银行）直接转帐贷项、 直接转帐付款、 直接转帐 * a giro account, ie a special account for paying through the giro system 直接转帐帐户 * a giro cheque, ie for use with a giro account 直接转帐支票. 2 [C] (Brit) giro cheque, esp one issued by the government to pay social security benefit 直接转帐支票（尤指政府支付社会保障金的）: * My giro hasn't arrived this week. 我的直接转帐支票这星期还未汇到.

girt
pt, pp of gird.

girth
[gE:W; gEW] n 1 [U, C] (a) distance round sth of approximately cylindrical shape （近似圆柱体的）围长: * a tree 1 metre in girth/with a girth of 1 metres 干围1米[1gist /// /dVist; dVist] n the gist [sing] main point or general meaning (of sth spoken or written) 主旨; 要点; 大意: * get (ie understand) the gist of an argument, a conversation, a book 理解一场辩论、 一次谈话、 一部书的主旨.

give
1[giv; giv] v (pt gave/geiv; gev] , pp given[5givn;'givEn] ) * CAUSING SOMEBODY OR SOMETHING TO HAVE OR RECEIVE 给予 1 [Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth to sb cause sb to receive, hold, have or own sth 给某人某物: I gave each of the boys an apple. 我给男孩每人一个苹果. * I gave an apple to each of the boys. 我给每个男孩一个苹果. * Each of the boys was given an apple. 给了每个男孩一个苹果. * An apple was given to each of the boys. 每个男孩都得到一个苹果. * She gave her mother the tickets/gave the tickets to her mother to look after. 她把票交给母亲保管. * Can I give you (ie Would you like) another slice of cake? 要不要再来一块蛋糕? * She was given a new heart (ie had a heart transplant) in an eight-hour operation. 经八小时的手术给她移植了一颗新的心脏. * He gave the old lady his arm (ie allowed the old lady to lean on his arm) as they crossed the road. 他让老太太挽着他的胳膊过马路. * I've just been given a 2000 pay rise. 我刚获得2000英镑的加薪. 2 (a) [Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth to sb cause sb to have sth as a present 送给某人某礼物: What are you giving (to) your brother for his birthday? 你弟弟生日你打算送他什麽? * I'm giving all my friends books for Christmas. 我在圣诞节要向所有的朋友赠书. * Have you given the waiter a tip? 你给侍者小费了吗? (b) [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) to sth contribute (money) to sth, esp a charity 捐赠（钱财）（尤指给慈善事业）: Handicapped children need your help please give generously. 残疾儿童需要您的帮助--请慷慨解囊. * Please give generously to famine relief. 请为 荒账款慷慨捐赠. * Many people regularly give money to charity. 很多人经常为慈善事业捐款. 3 [Dn.n] allow (sb/sth) to have sth 允许（某人[某事物]）有某事物: They gave me a week to make up my mind. 他们允许我有一周的时间作决定. * (infml 口) I give their marriage six months at the very most. ie I think that it will last only six months. 我认为他们的婚姻顶多能维持半年.

give1
* She wishes that she'd been given the chance to go to university. 她想以前要是有机会上大学就好了. * She wants a job that gives her more responsibility. 她想得到一份责任更大的工作. * What gives you the right to tell me what to do? 你有什麽权力指使我做事? 4 [Tn.pr, Dn.n] ~ (sb) sth for sth pay (the specified amount of money) to (sb) in order to have sth 付给（某人）（某钱数）购买某物: Do you mean to tell me you gave 1500 for that pile of scrap metal! 难道说你花了1500英镑买了那堆破铜烂铁! * How much will you give me for my old car? 你肯出多少钱买我那辆旧车? 5 [Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) cause (sb) to have sth; provide or supply (sb) with sth 使（某人）有某事物; 供给或供应（某人）某事物: The sun gives (us) warmth and light. 太阳供给我们光和热. * You may be called to give evidence at the trial. 法庭可能传你去作证. * She gives private lessons to supplement her income. 她给私人授课以贴补收入. * She gave me a lift as far as the station. 她让我坐她的车顺便送我到车站. * He gives the impression of not caring a damn. 他给人的印象是满不在乎. * Could you give me your honest opinion of the book? 你对这书有何意见可否直率提出? * What gave you the idea that I didn't like you? 你怎麽以为我不喜欢你呢? * They gave the name Roland to their first child. 他们给自己的第一个孩子起名为罗兰. 6 [Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth to sb/sth devote (time, thought, etc) to sb/sth 将（时间、 思想等）用於某人[某事物]: I've given the matter a lot of thought/given a lot of thought to the matter. 我对这事已反覆思考过. * The government should give top priority to rebuilding the inner cities. 政府应该优先重建城内旧中心区. * CAUSING SOMEBODY TO SUFFER 使遭受 7 [Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth to sb cause sb to undergo (the specified punishment, esp a period of time in prison) 使某人承受（某种惩罚, 尤指监禁）: The judge gave him a nine-month suspended sentence. 法官判处他9个月监禁, 缓期执行.

give2
* The headmaster gave the boys a scolding. 校长训斥了那些男生. 8 [Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth to sb infect sb with (an illness) 传染给某人（疾病）: You've given me your cold/given your cold to me. 你把感冒传染给我了. * COMMUNICATING 传达 9 [Dn.n] (used in the imperative 用於祈使句) offer (sth) to sb as an excuse or explanation 向某人提出（某事）作为藉口或解释: Don't give me that rubbish about having a headache; I know you don't want to go to the party. 别跟我扯什麽头痛来当藉口, 我知道你不想赴会. 10 [Dn.n] make (a telephone call) to sb 给某人打（电话）: I'll give you a ring tomorrow. 明天我给你打电话. 11 [Dn.n] admit the truth of (sth) to sb; grant 向某人承认（某事）属实; 同意: This government has a good record on inflation, I give you that, but what is it doing about unemployment? 政府抑制通胀有方, 此话不假, 可是对失业问题又怎麽处理呢? * PERFORMING OR PROVIDING 表现、 表演或举办 12 [Tn] perform or present (a play, concert, etc) in public 表演或演出（戏剧、 音乐会等）: give a poetry reading, a song recital, etc 表演诗朗诵、 举行独唱会 * How many performances of the play are you giving? 这剧你们要演多少场? * The play was given its first performance in June 1923. 这剧於19236月首次公演. * The Prime Minister will be giving a press conference tomorrow morning. 首相明日上午举行记者招待会. 13 [Tn] provide (a meal, party, etc) as a host 作东道主举办（宴会、 聚会等）: I'm giving a dinner party next Friday evening; would you like to come? 下星期五晚上我举行宴会, 您肯赏光吗? 14 [Tn] carry out or perform (an action) 做（某动作）: She gave a shrug of her shoulders. 她耸了耸肩膀. * He gave a start and woke up suddenly. 他突然惊醒. 15 [Dn.n] perform (the specified action) on (sb/sth) 对（某人[某物]）施（某动作）: give sb a kick, push, shove, etc 踢某人一脚、 推某人一把、 挤某人一下

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* give sb a punch on the nose 在某人鼻子上打一拳 * She gave him a kiss. 她吻了他一下. * Do give your shoes a polish before you go out. 出门前把皮鞋擦亮. * UTTERING OR DECLARING 出声或宣布 16 [Tn] utter (the specified sound) 发出（某声音）: give a groan, laugh, sigh, yell, etc 发出一声呻吟、 笑一笑、 叹一口气、 大喊一声 * He gave a strangled cry and fell to the floor. 他发出一声受扼的叫喊, 随即倒在地板上. 17 [Dn.n] (used in the imperative 用於祈使句) ask (people) to drink a toast to (sb) 请（大家）为（某人）乾杯: Ladies and gentlemen, I give you his Royal Highness, the Prince of Wales. 女士们, 先生们, 请为威尔士亲王殿下乾杯. 18 [Cn.a] (esp of a referee, an umpire, etc in sport) declare that (sb/sth) is in the specified condition or position （尤指体育运动的裁判等）宣布, 判: The umpire gave the batsman out (leg before wicket). 裁判裁定击球员（用腿截球违例）出局. * OTHER MEANINGS 其他意义 19 [Dn.n] produce (the specified feeling) in (sb) 使（某人）产生（某感觉）: All that heavy lifting has given me a pain in the back. 我一直抬那些重东西, 现在腰都痛了. * Why don't you go for a walk? It'll give you an appetite for your lunch. 你怎麽不出去散散步? 散散步午饭时就有食欲了. 20 [I] bend or stretch under pressure 在压力下弯曲或伸长: The branch began to give under his weight. 他身体的重量把树枝压弯了. * (fig 比喻) Unless one side gives, the strike could go on until Christmas. 除非有一方让步, 否则罢工很可能继续到圣诞节. 21 (combines with a n in many fixed expressions, where give and the n together have the same meaning as a v related in form to the n 与名词结合构成give + n形式的许多固定词组, 具有与该名词相应的动词同样的词义, 如 give sb a surprise = surprise sb): Let me give you a piece of advice, ie advise you. 我给你提个建议吧. * Her acting has given pleasure to (ie pleased) millions (of people). 她的表演给千百万人带来娱乐享受.

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* The news gave us rather a shock, ie rather shocked us. 这消息使我们颇为震惊. * I trust that you can give an explanation for (ie explain) your extraordinary behaviour? 我认为你一定能对自己的不寻常行为作出解释吧? * We will give you all the help (ie help you in every way) we can. 我们一定尽力帮助你. (For other similar expressions, see entries for the ns 其他类似固定词组见有关名词词条, 如 give one's approval to sth => approval; give one's permission => permission.) 22 (idm 习语) sb doesn't/couldn't give a damn, a hoot, etc (about sb/sth) (infml 口) sb does not care at all (about sb/sth) 某人（对某人[某事物]）满不在乎, 无所谓: He couldn't give a damn whether he passes the exam or not. 他对考试及格与否满不在乎. ,give and `take be mutually tolerant and forgiving within a relationship 相互容让: For a marriage to succeed, both partners must learn to give and take. 要使婚姻美满, 双方必须懂得互相迁就. `give it to sb (infml 口) attack, criticize or rebuke sb severely 猛烈攻击、 批评或驳斥某人: The boss will really give it to you if you miss the deadline for the job. 要是到期完不成工作, 老板就要给你点厉害. give me sth/sb (infml 口) (used to show that one prefers the thing or person specified to sth/sb mentioned previously 用以表示宁取某事物或某人, 而不取先提及的某事物[某人]): I can't stand modern music; give me Bach and Mozart every time! ie I shall always prefer Bach and Mozart. 我受不了现代音乐, 还是喜欢巴赫和莫扎特的作品! give or take sth the specified amount, time, etc more or less （数量、 时间等）或多或少: `How long will it take us to get to Oxford?’ `About an hour and a half, give or take a few minutes.’ ‘到牛津要多久?’‘大约一个半小时, 上下差不了几分钟.’ give sb to believe/understand (that)... (often passive 常用於被动语态); (fml 文) cause sb to believe/understand sth 使某人相信[明白]某事物: I was given to understand that she was ill. 我获悉她生病了. What `gives? (infml 口) What is happening? 出什麽事了? (For other idioms containing give, see entries for ns, adjs, etc 与give搭配的其他习语见有关名词、 形容词等的词条, 如 give ground => ground1; give rise to sth => rise1.)

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23 (phr v) give sb away (in a marriage ceremony) lead the bride to the bridegroom and `give' her to him （婚礼中）将新娘交与新郎: The bride was given away by her father. 由父亲把新娘交与新郎. give sth away (a) give sth free of charge 免费送出某物; 赠送: He gave away most of his money to charity. 他把大部分钱都捐赠给慈善事业了. * (infml 口) These watches are only a pound each; we're almost giving them away! 这些手表每块只卖一英镑, 我们差不多等於白送! (b) distribute or present sth 分发或赠与某物: The mayor gave away the prizes at the school sports day. 市长在学校运动会上颁发奖品. (c) not use or take (a chance, an opportunity, etc) through carelessness 由於大意而未利用或抓住（时机、 机会等）: They gave away their last chance of winning the match. 他们坐失赢得比赛的最後机会. give sth/sb away reveal sth/sb intentionally or unintentionally; betray sth/sb 有意或无意地泄露某事物或出卖某人: She gave away state secrets to the enemy. 她将国家机密泄露给敌人了. * His broad Liverpool accent gave him away, ie revealed who he really was. 他那很重的利物浦口音把他自己暴露了. give sb back sth; give sth back (to sb) (a) return sth to its owner 将某事物归还原主: Could you give me back my pen/give me my pen back? 你把我那枝笔还给我好吗? (b) allow sb to have or enjoy sth again 使某人恢复或享受某事物: The operation gave him back the use of his legs. 他手术後双腿恢复了功能. give sth for sth exchange or sacrifice (much) for sth 交换某事物; （多）作出牺牲以换取某事物: I`d give a lot for the chance to go to India. 我宁可多作牺牲也要争取到去印度的机会. give sth forth (fml or joc 文或谑) produce or emit sth 产生或发出某物: The engine gave forth a grinding noise, then stopped. 发动机发出一阵轧轧声, 随即停了下来. give sth in hand over sth to sb who is authorized to receive it 将某事物呈交给某人: Please give your examination papers in (to the teacher) when you've finished. 考卷答完後请上交（给老师）. give `in (to sb/sth) allow oneself to be defeated or overcome

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(by sb/sth) （向某人[某事物]）屈服, 让步, 投降: The rebels were forced to give in. 叛乱者被迫投降. * She's a gutsy player, she never gives in. 她是个勇敢的选手, 从不屈服. * The authorities showed no signs of giving in to the kidnapper's demands. 当局对绑架者的要求丝毫没有让步的迹象. give sth off send out or emit sth 送出或发出某物: The cooker is giving off a funny smell. 锅里冒出一股怪味. * This fire doesn't seem to be giving off much heat. 这炉火好像不大热. give on to sth have a view of sth; lead directly to sth 有某物的景致; 朝向某物: The bedroom windows give on to the street. 卧室的窗户面向街道. * This door gives on to the hall. 这门是通往大堂的. give `out (a) come to an end; be exhausted 用完; 消耗尽; 精疲力竭: After a month their food supplies gave out. 过了一个月, 他们的食物已消耗殆尽. * Her patience finally gave out. 她终於失去了耐性. (b) (of an engine, a motor, etc) stop working; break down （指发动机等）停止运转, 停机, 出故障: One of the plane's engines gave out in mid-Atlantic. 飞机在大西洋中部飞行时, 其中一个发动机出了故障. give sth out (a) distribute or hand out sth 分发或散发某物: The teacher gave out the examination papers. 教师发了考卷. (b) send out or emit sth 送出或发出某物: The radiator is giving out a lot of heat. 散热器释放出很多热量. (c) (often passive 常用於被动语态) announce or broadcast sth 宣布或广播某事: The news of the President's death was given out in a radio broadcast. 总统逝世的消息已在电台上播出了. * It was given out that the President had been shot. 据称总统受到枪击. give over (doing sth) (infml 口) (used esp in the imperative or with a verb in the -ing form 尤用於祈使句或与动词ing形式连用) stop doing sth 停止做某事: Give over, can't you? I can't work with you chattering away like that. 到此为止吧, 行吗? 你这样聊下去我就没法工作了.

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* Give over complaining! 别发牢骚了! give oneself over to sth sink into (the specified state); devote oneself completely to sth 沉溺於（某种状态）; 完全献身於某事物: After his wife's death, he seemed to give himself over to despair. 他妻子死後, 似乎万念俱灰. * In her later years she gave herself over to writing full-time. 她晚年专事写作. give sth over to sth (usu passive 通常用於被动语态) use sth specifically for sth 专为某事而使用某物: The village hall is given over to civic functions and meetings. 村子的礼堂专作举行庆典和会议之用. * The period after supper was given over to games. 晚饭後是游戏时间. give `up abandon an attempt to do sth 放弃做某事的尝试: They gave up without a fight. 他们不战而降. * She doesn't give up easily. 她做任何事都不轻易放弃. * I give up; tell me what the answer is. 我认输, 告诉我答案吧. give sb up (a) no longer hope for or expect the arrival or recovery of sb 对某人的到来、 康复或寻回不再抱希望或不再期待: There you are at last! We'd given you up. 你终於来了! 我们还以为你不来呢! * The doctors had given her up but she made a remarkable recovery. 医生们已放弃了治愈她的希望, 而她却恢复得很好. (b) stop having a relationship with sb 与某人断绝关系: Why don't you give him up? 你怎麽不和他一刀两断呢? give sth up stop doing or having sth; renounce sth 停止做某事; 放弃持有某物; 宣布放弃某事物: You ought to give up smoking; I gave it up last year. 你应该戒烟, 我去年就戒掉了. * She didn't give up her job when she got married. 她未因结婚而放弃工作. give oneself/sb up (to sb) no longer avoid or protect oneself/sb from being captured; surrender 投案; 自首; 出首; 投降: After a week on the run he gave himself up (to the police). 他经过一周的逃亡以後（向警方）投案了. give sth up (to sb) hand sth over to sb else 将某物交与他人: He had to give his passport up to the authorities. 他得把护照交给当局.

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* He gave up his seat to a pregnant woman, ie stood up to allow her to sit down. 他把座位让给一个孕妇. give up on sb (infml 口) no longer believe that sb is going to be successful; lose hope in sb 不再相信某人会成功; 对某人失望. 复合： `give-away n (infml 口) 1 thing that is given to sb without charge 赠品. 2 look, remark, etc that unintentionally reveals a secret 无意中泄露秘密的表情、 言语等: The expression on her face was a (dead) give-away. 她脸上的表情（完全）暴露了她的秘密.

given
[5givn; 5givEn] adj 1 [esp attrib 尤作定语] specified or stated 所述的; 确定的; 规定的: * all the people in a given area 某地区内所有的人 * They were to meet at a given time and place. 他们要在规定的时间和地点会晤. 2 (idm 习语) be given to sth/doing sth be in the habit of doing sth 有做某事的习惯: * She's much given to outbursts of temper. 她老爱发脾气. * He's given to going for long walks on his own. 他习惯於独自散步走很长的路. 派生： given prep taking (sth) into account 考虑到（某事物）: Given the government's record on unemployment, their chances of winning the election look poor. 鉴於政府在解决失业问题上成绩不佳, 他们在选举中获胜机会似乎不大. * Given her interest in children/Given that she is interested in children, I am sure teaching is the right career for her. 考虑到她喜欢孩子, 我可以肯定教书是最适合她的职业. 复合： 'given name (esp US) = Christian name (Christian). =>Usage at name1 用法见name1.

giver
[5givE(r); 5givl] n one who gives 给与者; 施赠者: * a cheerful, generous, regular giver 快乐的、 慷慨的、 经常性的捐赠者.

gizzard
[' gizEd; 5gizld] n 1 pouchlike part in which a bird grinds up food before digesting it in its stomach （鸟的）砂囊, 胗. 2 (idm 习语) stick in one's craw/gizzard/throat => stick2.

glace
[5glAsei; - glA'sei; glA'se] adj [attrib 作定语] (of fruits) preserved in sugar （指水果）糖渍的, 蜜饯的.

glacial
[5gleisiEl; - 'gleiFl; 5gleFEl] adj 1 (geology 地质) (a) of the Ice Age 冰期的; 冰川期的; 冰河时代的; 冰河期的: * the glacial era/epoch/period, ie the time when much of the northern hemisphere was covered by ice 冰期（亦称‘冰川期’、 ‘冰河时代’或‘冰河期’）. (b) caused by glaciers 冰川造成的: * glacial deposits, ie rocks deposited by a moving glacier 冰川沉积 * glacial flow, ie movement of a glacier 冰川运动. 2 very cold; like ice 寒冷的; 冰冷的: * glacial winds, temperatures, etc 寒风、 低温 * the glacial waters of the Arctic 北极寒冷的水域. 3 (fig 比喻) icy in manner; showing no sign of human emotion 冷若冰霜的; 不流露情感的: * a glacial smile, manner, silence 冷冷的微笑、 举止、 沉默 * glacial indifference, politeness 冷漠、 冷淡的礼貌. > glacially adv.

glaciation
[7gleisi'eiFn; 7glesi'eFEn] n [U] (geology 地质) covering with glaciers or sheets of ice 冰蚀: * the effects of glaciation 冰川作用.

glacier
[5glAsiE(r); 5gleFl] n mass of ice, formed by snow on mountains, moving slowly down a valley 冰川; 冰河.

glad
[glAd; glAd] adj (-dder, -ddest) 1 [pred 作表语] (a) ~ (about sth/to do sth/that...) pleased; delighted 高兴; 喜悦: * `I passed the test.’ `I'm so glad!'‘我考试及格了.’‘我真高兴!’ * I'm glad about your passing the test. 你考及格了, 我很高兴. * I'm glad to hear he's feeling better. 听说他身体好些了, 我很高兴. * I'm glad he's feeling better. 他身体好些了, 我很高兴. (b) ~ (about/of sth); ~ (to do sth/that...) relieved 令人宽慰; 使人安心: * I'm so glad I didn't agree to do it; it would have got me into serious trouble. 幸而我没同意做那事, 要不然惹的麻烦就大了. (c) ~ of sth grateful for sth 为某事而感激: * I'd be glad of (ie I'd like) your help/a cup of tea. 你若能帮忙[给我一杯茶]本人十分感激. (d) ~ to do sth willing and eager to do sth 愿意并热切要做某事: * I'd be glad to lend you the money. 我很乐意借给你钱. * If you'd like me to help you, I'd be only too glad to. 若要我帮忙, 我十分乐意相助. 2 [attrib 作定语] (a) causing or bringing joy 令人高兴的; 给人带来喜悦的: * glad news/tidings 好消息[喜讯] * a glad day, moment, etc 令人高兴的日子、 时刻等. (b) (rhet 修辞) expressing joy 快乐的; 欣喜的: * the children's glad laughter 儿童们快乐的笑声. 3 (idm 习语) I would be glad if... (ironic 反语) (used instead of a direct command 用作间接命令): * I'd be glad if you would go away! ie Go away! 你要是能走开, 我感激不尽. `glad rags (infml 口) clothes for a festive occasion 庆祝场合穿的衣服: * put on one's glad rags 穿上节日盛装. 派生： gladden[5glAdn; 5glAdn] v [Tn] make (sb) glad or happy 使（某人）高兴或快乐: * gladden sb's heart, ie make sb feel happy 使某人心花怒放. gladly adv 1 happily; gratefully 快乐地; 欣然: She suggested it, and I gladly accepted. 那是她提出的建议, 我欣然接受了. 2 willingly 乐意地; 情愿地glad1 /// 3 (idm 习语) not/never suffer fools gladly => suffer. gladness n [U] joy; happiness 高兴; 快乐; 欢乐. gladsome[-sEm; -sEm] adj (arch 古) joyful 高兴的; 快乐的. 复合： ,glad-`hand v [Tn] (infml often derog 口, 常作贬义) greet (sb) enthusiastically but often insincerely 热情欢迎（某人）（但常为假意）.

glade
[gleid; gled] n open space in a forest; clearing 森林中的空地.

gladiator
[5glAdieitE(r); 5glAdi7etl] n (in ancient Rome) man trained to fight with weapons at public shows in an arena （古罗马）（在竞技场用武器作打斗表演的）斗士. 派生： gladiatorial[7glAdiE'tC:riEl; 7glAdiE'tCriEl] adj of gladiators 斗士的: * a gladiatorial combat, show, etc 斗士的格斗、 表演等.

gladiolus
[7glAdi'EulEs; 7glAdi'olEs] n (pl -li[-lai; -lai] or ~es) plant with long thin pointed leaves and spikes of brightly-coloured flowers 唐菖蒲属植物（叶长而尖, 花朵鲜艳）.

glamour
(US also glamor)[5glAmE(r); 5glAml] n [U] 1 attractive or exciting quality which sb/sth has, and which seems out of reach to others （某人[某事物]独特的）魅力, 吸引力: * Now that she's an air hostess, foreign travel has lost its glamour for her. 她当上了空中小姐, 到国外旅行对她已失去吸引力. * hopeful young actors and actresses dazzled by the glamour of Hollywood 在好莱坞电影业光怪陆离的诱惑之下有前途的年轻演员. 2 attractive beauty, usu with sex appeal 迷人的美（通常指性感的）: * a girl with lots of glamour 性感迷人的女郎 * [attrib 作定语] (dated 旧) a glamour girl/boy 迷人的女郎[小伙子]. glamorize, -ise[-mEraiz; -mEraiz] v [Tn] make (sth) seem more attractive or exciting than it really is 使（某事物）比其实际更吸引人或更激动人心: * Television tends to glamorize acts of violence. 电视往往渲染暴力. glamorization, -isation[7glAmErai'zeiFn; - -ri5z-;7glAmEri5zeFEn] n [U]. 派生： glamorous[-mErEs; -mErEs] adj full of glamour 富有魅力的; 美丽动人的: * glamorous film stars 富有魅力的影星. glamorously adv: * glamorously dressed 穿着美丽动人.

glance
[gla:ns; - glAns; glAns] v 1 [Ipr] take a quick look 瞥一眼; 看一下: * She glanced shyly at him and then lowered her eyes. 她羞怯地偷看了他一下, 随即垂下眼 . * glance at one's watch 看一下手表 * glance round a room 环视一下房间 * I glanced up to see who had comein. 我抬头瞥了一眼看是谁进来了. 2 [Ipr] ~ at/down/over/through sth read sth quickly or superficially 迅速地或草草地读: * glance at the newspapers 浏览报纸 * glance down a list of names 匆匆看一名单 * glance over/through a letter 草草读一信. 3 [Ipr] ~ at sth (fig 比喻) deal with sth in a superficial way; refer briefly to sth 草草处理某事; 简略提及某事: * a book, an article, etc that only glances at a problem, question, topic, etc 仅仅简略提及某问题、 疑难、 题目等的书、 文章等. 4 [Tn, Tn.pr] (in cricket) deflect (the ball) with the bat （板球中）将（球）击偏: * glance the ball down to fine leg 将球击偏斜飞至击球员左後方场地. 5 [I] (used esp in the continuous tenses 尤用於进行时态) (of bright objects) flash （指光亮物体）闪烁, 闪耀: * glancing lights 闪烁的灯光 * water glancing in the sunlight 在阳光下闪闪生光的水面. 6 (idm 习语) glance one's eye down/over/through sth (infml 口) take a very quick, superficial look at sth 匆匆或草草看某物一眼: * glance one's eye over the newspaper 浏览一下报纸. 7 (phr v) glance off (sth) (of sth that strikes) be deflected off (sth) （指击打之物）被弹离（某物）: * The ball glanced off the goal post into the net. 球撞到球门柱上斜飞入网. * The tree was so hard that the blows of the axe simply glanced off. 那树硬得劈不动, 简直把斧子震得滑向一边. 派生： glance n 1 ~ (at sb/sth) quick look 一瞥: take/have/cast a glance at the newspaper headlines 看一眼[浏览/瞥一眼]报纸的大标题 * We exchanged glances, ie looked quickly at each other. 我们迅速地互相打量了一下.

glance1
* a brief, casual, fleeting, furtive, timid glance 短促的、 不经意的、 一闪即逝的、 偷偷的、 怯生生的一瞥 * She walked off without a glance in my direction. 她扬长而去, 都不朝我这儿看一眼. * (fig 比喻) Before the end of the programme, let's take a glance at (ie refer briefly to) the sports news. 在节目结束之前, 让我们简要谈谈体育新闻. 2 (idm 习语) at a (single) `glance with one look 看一眼: He could tell at a glance what was wrong with the car. 他一眼就能看出汽车有什麽毛病. at first glance/sight when seen or examined (often quickly) for the first time 乍看之下: At first glance the problem seemed easy. 乍一看问题似乎很容易解决. * They fell in love at first sight. 他们一见锺情. glancing[5gla:nsiN; 5glAnsiN] adj [attrib 作定语] that is deflected rather than striking with full force （未正面击中）偏斜的: * strike sb a glancing blow 给某人一击而打偏.

gland
[glAnd; glAnd] n (anatomy 解) organ that separates from the blood those substances that are to be used by or removed from the body 腺: * a snake's poison glands 蛇的毒腺 * sweat glands 汗腺 * suffer from swollen glands, eg the salivary glands in the throat 患腺体肿胀（如咽部的唾液腺） * have an overactive/underactive adrenal, pituitary, thyroid, etc gland 肾上腺、 垂体腺、 甲状腺等机能亢进[减退]. 派生： glandular[5glAndjulE(r); - -dVu-; 5glAndVEll] adj of, like or involving a gland or glands 腺的; 似腺的; 与腺有关的. glandular fever infectious disease causing swelling of the lymph glands 腺热.

glare
1[gleE(r); gler] n 1 [U] strong unpleasant dazzling light 耀眼的光: * avoid the glare of the sun, of car headlights, etc 避开耀眼的阳光、 汽车前灯的强光. 2 [C] angry or fierce look; fixed look 怒视; 恶狠狠的注视; 凝视: * give sb a hostile glare 含敌意地注视某人. 3 (idm 习语) the ,glare of pu`blicity constant attention from newspapers, television, etc 经常在报纸、 电视等上报道的; 受公众注目: * The hearings were conducted in the full glare of publicity. 那审讯是在公众密切关注下进行的.

glasnost
[5glAznCst; 5glAznast] n [U] (Russian 俄) (inthe former Soviet Union) greater openness and frankness in public affairs （前苏联）（在公众事务上较大的）公开, 开放.

glass
[gla:s; - glAs; glAs] n 1 [U] hard brittle, usu transparent, substance (as used in windows) 玻璃: * cut oneself on broken glass 让碎玻璃割伤 * reinforced, toughened, frosted glass 强化、 韧化、 磨砂玻璃 * a sheet/pane of glass 一块[面]玻璃 * as smooth as glass 如玻璃般平滑 * [attrib 作定语] glass jars, ie made of glass 广口玻璃瓶 * a glass factory, ie where glass is made 玻璃制造厂. 2 [C] (a) (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) drinking vessel made of glass 玻璃杯: * a beer, brandy, sherry, whisky, etc glass 啤酒、 白兰地酒、 雪利酒、 威士忌酒等的酒杯 * a wineglass 葡萄酒杯. =>illus 见插图. (b) contents of this 玻璃杯中所盛之物: * Could I have a glass of water, please? 请给我来杯水, 可以吗? 3 [U] vessels and articles made of glass 玻璃器皿: * All our glass and china is kept in the cupboard. 我们所有的玻璃和陶瓷器皿都放在柜橱里. * several areas under glass, ie covered with glasshouses or glass-filled frames for growing plants 玻璃温室里的几处地方. 4 [sing] protecting cover made of glass in a watch-case, picture or photo frame, fire alarm, etc 玻璃保护面（如表蒙子、 图画或照片的镜框、 火灾警报器的保护罩等）: * In case of emergency, break the glass and press the button. 遇到紧急情况时, 击碎玻璃罩并摁下按钮. 5 glasses (also spectacles, infml 口语亦作 specs) [pl] pair of lenses in a frame that rests on the nose and ears (used to help a person's eyesight or protect the eyes from bright sunlight) 眼镜: * She wears glasses. 她戴眼镜. * a new pair of glasses 一副新眼镜 * dark, strong, reading, long-distance, etc glasses 墨镜、 度数大的眼镜、 花镜、 近视镜 * [attrib 作定语] Where's my glasses case? 我的眼镜盒在哪儿呢? =>illus 见插图. 6 glasses (also `field-glasses) [pl] binoculars for outdoor use （户外用的双筒的）望远镜.

glass1
7 [C usu sing 通常作单数] mirror; looking-glass 镜子: * He looked in the glass to check that his tie was straight. 他对着镜子看领带是否系正. 8 the glass [sing] barometer 气压计; 晴雨表: * The glass (ie atmospheric pressure) is falling. 气压在下降. 9 (idm 习语) raise one's glass to sb => raise. 派生： glass v (phr v) glass sth in/over cover sth with (a roof or wall of) glass 给某物加玻璃（的罩、 顶或壁）: a glassed-in veranda 镶玻璃的阳台. glassful[-ful; -7ful] n as much as a drinking-glass will hold 一玻璃杯的量. 复合： `glass-blower n worker who blows molten glass to shape it into bottles, etc 玻璃吹制工. glass `fibre = fibreglass (fibre). `glasshouse n 1 (a) building with glass sides and roof, for growing plants; greenhouse 温室. (b) (Brit infml 口) military prison 军人监狱. 2 (idm 习语) people in glasshouses shouldn't throw stones => people. `glassware[-weE(r); -7wer] n [U] articles made of glass 玻璃制品; 玻璃器皿. `glassworks n (pl unchanged 复数不变) [sing or pl v] factory where glass is manufactured 玻璃制造厂.

glassy
[5gla:si; 5glAsi] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 like glass 像玻璃的: * a glassy sea, ie smooth and shiny 光滑如镜的海面 * Be careful of the icy pavement; it's really glassy, ie slippery. 小心人行道上有冰, 路面可真滑. 2 (fig 比喻) with no expression; lifeless 无表情的; 无生气的: * glassy eyes 神情呆滞的眼睛 * a glassy look/stare 木然的样子[呆视]. > glassily adv. glassiness n [U]. 复合： ,glassy-`eyed adj: a ,glassy-eyed `look, `stare, etc 眼神呆滞的样子、 凝视等.

glaucoma
[glC:'kEumE; glC'komE] n [U] eye disease causing gradual loss of sight 青光眼; 绿内障.

glaze
[gleiz; glez] v 1 [Tn] fit sheets or panes of glass into (sth) 装玻璃於（某物）; 给（某物）镶嵌玻璃: * glaze a window, house, etc 给窗户、 房子等安装玻璃. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (with sth); ~ sth (over) cover sth with a thin shiny transparent surface 给某物覆上薄而亮的透明表面: * glazed pottery, porcelain, bricks, etc, ie covered with a liquid which when baked gives a hard glass-like surface 上釉的陶器、 瓷器、 砖等 * Glaze the pie with beaten egg. 在馅饼上涂上打匀的蛋液使表面发亮. 3 (phr v) glaze over (of the eyes) become dull and lifeless （指眼睛）变呆滞, 变得无生气: * After six glasses of vodka his eyes glazed over and he remembered nothing more. 他喝了六杯伏特加之後, 眼神发呆, 什麽都再也记不住了. 派生： glaze n [C, U] (a) (substances used to give a) thin shiny transparent surface to pottery, porcelain, etc 釉: The vase was sold cheaply because of a fault in the glaze. 那花瓶因釉面有残已廉价售出. (b) (beaten egg, sugar, etc used to give a) shiny attractive surface to a pie, flan, etc （在馅饼等上面涂的）蛋液、 糖液等或（因而生成的）光面. glazed adj dull and lifeless, esp with expressionless eyes 呆滞无神的; （尤指）无眼神的: the glazed faces/expressions of the survivors 生还者木然呆滞的面孔[表情] * eyes glazed with boredom 厌倦无神的眼睛.

glazier
[5gleiziE(r); - -VEr; 5gleVl] n person who fits glass into the frames of windows, etc 装玻璃的工人.

GLC
[7dVi: el 'si:; 7dVi el 'si] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) (formerly) Greater London Council （旧时）大伦敦市政会.

gleam
[gli:m; glim] n 1 (a) [C] brief appearance of light 闪光: * A few faint gleams of sunshine lit up the gloomy afternoon. 有几束隐约的阳光使阴暗的下午有些明亮. * the sudden gleam of a match in the darkness 黑暗中突然出现擦亮火柴的闪光. (b) [sing] soft diffused light, usu reflected 柔弱散漫的光; （通常指）反光: * the gleam of moonlight on the water 水面上泛漾的月光 * the gleam of polished brassware in the firelight 因炉火的光照在擦亮的铜器上而产生的反光. 2 [sing] (fig 比喻) brief show of some quality or emotion （某种品质或情感的）闪现, 表露: * a serious book with an occasional gleam of humour 偶有幽默片段的严肃的书 * a gleam of hope in an apparently hopeless situation 在看来绝望时闪现的一线希望 * a man with a dangerous gleam in his eye, ie with a threatening look 眼露凶光的男子. 3 (idm 习语) a gleam in sb's eye (infml 口) person or thing that is expected at some time in the future but is thought about with pleasure or desire 令人向往的人或事物: * The plans for the new town hall were then still only a gleam in the architect's eye. 当时有关新市政大厅的计画还仅仅是那建 师酝酿中的意念. 派生： gleam v 1 [I, Ipr] shine softly 发出柔和的光: He had polished the table-top until it gleamed. 他把桌面擦得很亮. * moonlight gleaming on the water 在水面上泛漾的月光 * water gleaming in the moonlight 在月光下反射微光的水面 * a cat's eyes gleaming in the dark 在黑暗中闪烁的猫眼 * (fig 比喻) anticipation, excitement, etc gleaming in their eyes 在他们眼睛里流露着期待、 激动等的神情. 2 [Ipr] ~ with sth (fig 比喻) (of the face or eyes) show the specified emotion （指面部或眼睛）表露某种情感: eyes gleaming with anticipation, excitement,etc 流露着期待、 激动等神情的眼睛. gleaming/gli:miN;glimiN] adj: * gleaming white teeth 晶莹皓齿.

glean
[gli:n; glin] v 1 [I, Tn] gather (grain left in a field by harvest workers) 拾（收割者落在地里的谷物）. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tf] ~ sth (from sb/sth) (fig 比喻) obtain (news, facts, information, etc) usu from various sources, in small quantities and with effort 搜集（消息、 资料、 情报等）（通常指来源广、 零碎而费力）: * glean a few bits of information from overhearing various conversations 从旁边听到的谈话中搜集点滴信息 * From what people said, I managed to glean that he wasn't coming. 我从别人说话中总算弄清楚他不来了. 派生： gleaner n person who gleans 拾谷人; 搜集消息资料、 情报等的人. gleanings n [pl] (usu fig 通常作比喻) gleaned items 收集到的零星事物: a gossip column put together with a few gleanings from cocktail-party conversations 鸡尾酒会闲话拾零专栏.

glee
[gli:; gli] n 1 [U] ~ (at sth) feeling of great delight which makes one (want to) laugh, caused by sth good experienced by oneself, or sth bad that happens to sb else 欣喜; 幸灾乐祸: * The children laughed with glee at the clown's antics. 孩子们让小丑的滑稽动作逗得哈哈大笑. * He rubbed his hands with glee at the prospect of their defeat. 他眼看着他们行将失败, 快乐得直搓手. * She couldn't disguise her glee at their discomfiture. 他们受挫, 她不禁喜形於色. 2 [C] song for three or four voices singing different parts in harmony （叁部或四部的）重唱歌曲: * [attrib 作定语] a glee club, ie a group of people who sing such songs 合唱团. 派生： gleeful[-fl; -fEl] adj full of glee; joyous 欣喜的; 快乐的; 欢喜的: * gleeful faces, laughter 快乐的面孔、 笑声. gleefully[-fEli; -fEli] adv.

glen
[glen; glen] n narrow valley, esp in Scotland or Ireland 狭谷, 幽谷（尤指苏格兰或爱尔兰的）.

glib
[glib; glib] adj (-bber, -bbest) (derog 贬) speaking or spoken fluently and without hesitation, but not sincerely or trustworthily 能说会道的; 油嘴滑舌的: * a glib talker, salesman, etc 油嘴滑舌的谈话者、 推销员等 * a glib remark, speech, etc 八面锋的言语、 演说等 * glib arguments, excuses, etc 诡辩的论据、 藉口等 * have a glib tongue 有巧舌如簧的嘴. > glibly adv. glibness n [U].

glide
[glaid; glaid] v [I, Ipr, Ip] 1 move along smoothly and continuously 滑行; 滑动; 滑翔: * So graceful was the ballerina that she just seemed to glide. 那芭蕾舞女演员翩跹起舞, 宛如滑翔. * skiers gliding across the snow 穿越雪地滑行的滑雪人 * a snake gliding along the ground 在地上蜿蜒滑行的蛇 * Silently the boat glided past. 那船悄然滑行而过. * She glided by unnoticed. 她悄悄地溜过. * (fig 比喻) The days just glided by. 时光悄悄地流逝. 2 fly without engine power (either in a glider or in an aeroplane with engine failure) （滑翔机或飞机发动机有故障时）滑行, 滑翔: * The pilot managed to glide down to a safe landing. 驾驶员设法使飞机滑行下降安全着陆. 派生： glide n (a) [sing] gliding movement 滑行; 滑动; 滑翔: the graceful glide of a skater 滑冰者优美的滑行动作. (b) [C] (phonetics 语音) gradual change of a speech sound made by moving (esp) the tongue from one position to another 音渡; 过渡音: a palatal glide 颚音的音渡. glider[5glaidE(r); 5glaidl] n light aircraft that is used for gliding 滑翔机. gliding n [U] sport of flying in gliders 滑翔运动. Cf 参看 hang-gliding (hang).

glimmer
[5glimE(r); 5gliml] v [I] send out a weak unsteady light 发出微弱的闪光: * lights (faintly) glimmering in the distance 远方明灭不定的（微弱）灯光. 派生： glimmer n 1 weak faint unsteady light 微弱的闪光: a glimmer of light through the mist 透过薄雾隐约闪现的微光. 2 (fig 比喻) small sign (of sth) （某事物的）隐约的迹象: a glimmer of hope 一线希望 * not the least glimmer of intelligence 一点智慧也没有. glimmering[5glimEriN; 5glimEriN] n glimmer 微光; 迹象: * We begin to see the glimmerings of a solution to the problem. 我们开始看到问题可望解决的迹象.

glimpse
[glimps; glimps] n 1 (usu sing 通常作单数) ~ (at sth) short look 一瞥; 一看: * a quick glimpse at the newspaper headlines 对报纸大标题匆匆的看一遍 * One glimpse at himself in the mirror was enough. 让他照着镜子瞧上自己一眼就够了. 2 (idm 习语) catch sight/a glimpse of sb/sth => catch1. 派生： glimpse v [Tn] get a quick look at (sb/sth) 匆匆看一下（某人[某物]）: glimpse someone between the half-drawn curtains 从半掩的窗 夹缝中瞥见某人.

glint
[glint; glint] v [I] 1 give out small, bright flashes of light 闪闪发光: * She thought the diamond was lost until she saw something glinting on the carpet. 她以为那颗钻石已丢失, 後来看见地毯上有东西闪闪发光遂失而复得. 2 (of sb's eyes) sparkle and indicate a particular emotion （指某人的眼睛）闪现某种神色: * eyes glinting with mischief 流露出调皮神色的眼睛. 派生： glint n 1 flash of light, esp as reflected from a hard shiny surface 光泽; （尤指光亮硬物的）反光: His eye caught the glint of a revolver among the bushes. 他一眼看到灌木丛中有手枪的反光. 2 sparkle in sb's eye indicating a particular emotion （眼神里某种情感的）闪露, 闪现: a glint of anger 愤怒的目光 * He had a wicked glint in his eye, ie suggesting mischievousness. 他的眼里 闪现着调皮的神情. * before you were a glint in your father's eye, ie before you were conceived 还没有你的时候（你还未成胎儿时）.

glissade
[gli'seid; - -'sa:d; gli'sad] v [I, Ipr, Ip] 1 (in mountaineering) slide on the feet down a steep slope of ice or snow (usu with the support of an ice-axe) （登山运动中）从覆有冰雪的陡坡上滑下（通常用破冰斧支撑）. 2 (in ballet) make a sliding step （芭蕾舞中）作滑步动作. 派生： glissade n such a slide or step 滑步.

glissando
[gli'sAndEu; gli'sando] n (pl -di[-di:;-di] or ~s) (music 音) (in playing an instrument or singing) effect of sliding quickly up or down a scale, without separating the notes （演奏或演唱中）滑奏, 滑唱: * a series of glittering glissandi on the piano 钢琴演奏中一系列明快的滑奏.

glisten
[5glisn; 5glisn] v [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) (esp of wet or polished surfaces) shine brightly; sparkle （尤指潮湿的或光洁的物体表面）闪闪发光, 发亮, 闪耀: * dew-drops glistening in the grass 草丛中晶莹的露珠 * grass glistening with dew-drops 有晶莹露珠的草 * eyes, faces, bodies, etc glistening with tears, sweat, oil 晶莹的泪眼、 汗珠闪闪的面孔、 油光发亮的身体.

glitter
[5glitE(r); 5gli'tl] v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) shine brightly with little sharp flashes of light; sparkle 闪烁; 闪耀; 闪光: * stars glittering in the frosty sky 寒空中闪烁的星星 * a necklace glittering with diamonds 闪闪生辉的钻石项链. 2 (idm 习语) ,all that ,glitters is not `gold (saying 谚) what looks good on the outside may not really be so 闪闪发光的东西不一定都是金子（外表好不见得真好）. 派生： glitter n [U] 1 brilliant, sparkling light 灿烂的光辉: the glitter of decorations on a Christmas tree 圣诞树上饰物的璀灿光华. 2 (fig 比喻) (superficial) attractiveness （外表的）诱惑力, 吸引力: the glitter of a show-business career 演艺事业的诱惑力. glitterati[7glitE'ra:ti; 7glitE'rati] n [pl] (sl 俚) fashionable people 时髦人物. glittering[5glitEriN; 5glitEriN] adj (a) sparkling 闪光的; 闪耀的. (b) (fig 比喻) spectacularly excellent, opulent or successful 绝妙的; 富丽的; 成功的: * a glittering occasion attended by the whole of high society 上流人士济济一堂的盛会 * the glittering prizes, ie things most desired in life 人生追求的目标 * A glittering career had been predicted for her in the Civil Service. 她在政府的文职机关任职前途无量. glittery[5glitEri; 5glitEri] adj glittering 闪闪发光的; 绝妙的; 富丽的; 成功的: * little glittery eyes 亮晶晶的小眼睛 * a glittery occasion 富丽堂皇的场面.

glitz
[glits; glits] n [U] (sl 俚) showy glamour; glitter(2) 浮华; 诱惑力; 吸引力. > glitzy adj: * The film star's wedding was a glitzy affair. 那位影星的婚礼是堂皇的盛事.

gloaming
[5glEumiN; 5glomiN] n the gloaming [sing] (arch 古) twilight 黄昏; 薄暮.

gloat
[glEut; glot] v [I, Ipr] ~ (about/over sth) express or feel selfish delight at one's own success or good fortune or sb else's failure 沾沾自喜; 得意扬扬; 幸灾乐祸: * Stop gloating just because you won the game! 别因为赢了就扬扬得意! * It's nothing to gloat about. 没有什麽可幸灾乐祸的. * a miser gloating over his gold 望着自己的金子而沾沾自喜的守财奴. > gloatingly adv.

global
[5glEubl; 5globl] adj 1 covering or affecting the whole world; world-wide 全球性的; 全世界的: * a global tour 环球旅行 * global warfare 世界大战. 2 covering the whole of a group of items, etc 包括一切的: * a global definition, rule 总的定义、 规则. 派生： globally[-bEli; -bEli] adv.

globe
[glEub; glob] n 1 [C] small spherical model of the earth showing the continents and usu also countries, rivers, cities, etc 地球仪. 2 the globe [sing] the earth 地球; 世界: * travel (all) round the globe 环球旅行. 3 [C] thing shaped like a sphere 球状物; 球体: * The oil-lamp needs a new globe, spherical lampshade. 这油灯需配个新的圆灯罩. * The silvery globe of the moon sank towards the horizon. 银盘似的月亮朝地平线落去. globe `artichoke = artichoke 1. `globe-fish n fish able to inflate itself into the shape of a globe 河豚. `globe-trot v (tt) [I] (infml 口) travel through many countries seeing as many different things as possible 周游世界. `globe-trotter n (infml 口) person who does this 周游世界者.

globule
[5glCbju:l; 5glabjul] n tiny drop or ball, esp of liquid or a melted solid 小滴, 小球体（尤指液体或熔化的固体）: * globules of wax from a candle 蜡滴. 派生： globular[5glCbjulE(r); 5glabjEll] adj shaped like a globe or ball; spherical 球形的; 球体的; 圆的.

glockenspiel
[5glCkEnspi:l; 5glakEn7spil] n musical instrument consisting of metal bars of varying length which produce notes when struck with two light hammers 钟琴（用两小槌敲击长短不同的金属棒而发声）.

gloom
[ glu:m; ^lum/ n 1 [U] near darkness 昏暗; 阴暗: In the gathering gloom it was hard to see anythingdistinctly. 光线越来越暗, 什麽东西都看不清. 2 [U, sing]feeling of sadness and hopelessness 忧郁; 忧愁; 失望: The news cast a deep gloom over the village. 这消息使全村笼罩着一片愁云惨雾. 派生： gloomy[5glu:mi; 5glumi] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 dark or unlighted, esp in a way that is depressing or frightening 阴暗的, 黑暗的（尤指使人沮丧或恐惧）: * a gloomy corner, passage, room, house 黑暗的角落、 过道、 屋子、 房子 * a gloomy day, ie with dark clouds and dull light 阴沉沉的一天. 2 (that makes people feel) sad and depressed （使人感到）忧愁的, 沮丧的: * a gloomy outlook, prospect, etc 悲观的看法、 前景等 * What are you so gloomy about? Cheer up! 你为什麽情绪这麽低落? 振作起来吧! * a gloomy face, expression, voice, person 忧伤的面孔、 表情、 声音、 人. gloomily[-ili;-ili] adv. gloominess n [U].

glorify
[5glC:rifai; 5glCrE7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn] 1 (derog 贬) make (sth/sb ordinary or bad) appear better or more noble than it/he really is 吹捧; 美化: * a book which glorifies the horrors of war 美化战争恐怖的书. 2 (a) (arch 古) praise (sb/sth) highly; make glorious 颂扬或赞美（某人[某事物]）; 使光荣或荣耀: * an ancient epic glorifying the hero's deeds in battle 歌颂战斗英雄业绩的古代史诗. (b) (Bible 圣经) worship (sb) 崇拜: * glorify God 归荣耀与上帝. 派生： glorification[7glC:rifi'keiFn; 7glCrEfE'keFEn] n [U] glorifying or being glorified 美化; 颂扬; 赞美; 崇拜. glorified adj [attrib 作定语] (derog 贬) ordinary but described in a way that makes it seem very desirable 吹捧的; 吹嘘的; 浮夸的: a `holiday cottage' which is only a glorified barn 把谷仓美其名曰‘度假别墅’.

glorious
[5glC:riEs; 5glCriEs] adj 1 having, worthy of or bringing great fame or glory 荣誉的; 光荣的; 显赫的; 荣耀的: * a glorious deed, victory, etc 光荣的业绩、 胜利等 * the glorious days, years, reign, etc of Elizabeth I 英国女王伊丽莎白一世光辉的日子、 年代、 朝代等 * die a glorious death, ie esp in battle for one's country 死得光 荣（尤指为国捐躯）. 2 beautiful; splendid; magnificent 美丽的; 灿烂的; 瑰丽的: * a glorious day, sunset, view, prospect 美丽的日子、 日落、 景色、 前景 * glorious colours 绚丽的色彩 * It's been really glorious today, ie warm and sunny. 今天真是个风和日丽的好天. 3 (infml 口) very pleasant; enjoyable 非常愉快的; 令人快乐的: * have a glorious time 过得非常愉快 * What glorious fun! 多麽有趣啊! 4 [attrib 作定语] (ironic 反语) dreadful 糟糕的; 极度的: * a glorious mess, muddle, etc 极度的混乱、 杂乱等. > gloriously adv.

glory
[5glC:ri; 5glCri] n 1 [U] high fame and honour won by great achievements 光荣; 荣誉: * glory won on the field of battle 战场上赢得的荣誉 * a proud father basking in his son's reflected glory, ie sharing the fame achieved by his son 因儿子的荣耀其父感到骄傲 * Our team didn't exactly cover itself with glory today, eg was heavily defeated. 我队今天未能真正载誉而归（如遭惨败）. * The regiment's motto was `Death or Glory'. 该团队的座右铭是‘誓死争取荣誉’. 2 [U] (Bible 圣经) worship, adoration and thanksgiving 崇敬; 赞美; 赞颂; 感恩: * `Glory to God in the highest.’ 在至高之处荣耀归与神‘愿荣耀归於至高之处的上帝.’ 3 [U] beauty; splendour 美丽; 壮丽: * the glory of a sunset, a summer's day, etc 美丽的日落、 夏日等 * the countryside in all its glory 气象万千的郊野. 4 [C, U] special cause for pride, respect or honour 产生骄傲、 崇敬或荣耀的原因: * One of the glories of the British heritage is the right to a fair trial. 英国人引以自豪的传统之一是有获得公正审判的权利. 5 (idm 习语) go to `glory (dated euph 旧, 婉) die 死; 上天堂; 归天. cover oneself with glory => cover1. 派生： glory v [Ipr] ~ in sth (approv or derog 褒或贬) take (too much) pleasure or pride in sth 对某事物（过份）得意; 因某事物而自豪: glory in one's freedom, success, etc 为自己的自由、 成功等而骄傲 * military leaders who seem to glory in slaughter 彷佛以杀戮为荣的军事领导人. 复合： `glory-hole n (Brit infml 口) room, cupboard or drawer where belongings can be thrown untidily until needed 可乱放杂物的房间、 橱柜或抽屉.

gloss
1[glCs; glCs] n [U, sing] 1 (a) brightness or shine on a smooth surface 平滑表面上的光泽或光亮: * With this polish you can give a good high gloss to the wood. 使用这种上光蜡可使木器表面极为平滑光亮. * the gloss on sb's hair 某人头发的光泽. (b) (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) substance (eg make-up) designed to give such a shine 用以产生光泽的物质（如化妆品）: * `lip-gloss 透明唇膏 * [attrib 作定语] gloss paint, ie paint which, when dry, has a hard shiny surface 光泽涂料 * gloss photographs 光面照片 * a gloss finish, ie a shiny surface (after painting, processing, etc) 上光. (c) gloss paint 清漆; 光泽涂料: * a tin of gloss 一罐清漆. Cf 参看 matt. 2 (fig 比喻) deceptively good appearance 虚假的外表; 虚饰: * acquire a pleasing social gloss, ie attractive manners, etc 培养社交中体面的风度 * the gloss and glitter of Hollywood 好莱坞的虚荣与豪华 * a gloss of respectability, ie cover for a life of secret wrongdoing 道貌岸然的假象. Cf 参看 veneer 2. 派生： gloss v (phr v) gloss over sth treat sth briefly, or in a superficial or an incomplete way, so as to avoid embarrassing details 简略地、 浮皮潦草地或敷衍地处理某事（以求避开难堪的细节）: gloss over the awkward facts 掩饰令人尴尬的事实. glossy adj (-ier, -iest) smooth and shiny 光滑的; 光亮的: glossy hair, photographs 有光泽的毛发、 照片 * glossy magazines/periodicals, ie printed on high-quality glossy paper, with many photographs, coloured illustrations, etc (esp fashion magazines) 用有光纸印刷的杂志[期刊]（尤指时装杂志）. glossily[-ili; -ili] adv. glossiness n [U].

glossary
[5glCsEri; 5glasEri] n list of technical or special words (esp those occurring in a particular text) explaining their meanings （注释）词汇表, 术语或专门词语汇编, 集注（尤指针对某篇文字的）. Cf 参看 vocabulary 3.

glottis
[5glCtis; 5glatis] n (anatomy 解) opening between the vocal cords in the upper part of the windpipe 声门. 派生： glottal[5glCtl; 5glatl] adj of the glottis 声门的. ,glottal `stop speech sound produced by a complete closure of the glottis, followed by an explosive release of breath 喉塞音; 声门闭塞音.

glove
[glQv; glQv] n 1 covering of leather, knitted wool, etc for the hand, usu with separated fingers 手套（通常指分指的）: * a pair of gloves 一副手套 * rubber gloves for washing up 洗涤用的胶皮手套 * strong leather gardening gloves 园艺用的厚皮手套 * batting gloves 击球用的手套. =>illus 见插图. 2 (idm 习语) fit like a glove => fit2.the gloves are off sb is ready for a fight 做好战斗准备. hand in glove => hand. handle, etc sb with kid gloves => kid1. an iron fist/hand in a velvet glove => iron1. > gloved adj [usu attrib 通常作定语]: * a gloved hand 戴着手套的手. 复合： `glove compartment compartment in a car in front of the passenger's or driver's seat for holding small articles （汽车中乘客或司机座位前放小物件的）贮物箱或隔间. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xii. `glove puppet kind of puppet worn on the hand and worked by the fingers 手套式木偶（套在手上用手指操纵的）. =>illus at puppet 见puppet插图.

glow
[glEu; glo] v 1 [I] send out light and heat withoutflame 发出光和热; 燃烧（无焰）: * glowing embers, charcoal, etc 灼热的馀烬、 木炭等 * glowing metal in a furnace 熔炉中炽热的金属 * A cigarette glowed in the dark. 黑暗中有枝香烟发着光. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) be, look or feel warm or red (eg after exercise or because excited) 发红, 发热, 显得红, 觉得热（如运动之後或情绪激动）: * her glowing cheeks 她发红的双颊 * glowing with health, pride, etc 红光满面、 神气活现. 3 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) be strongly or warmly colourful 色彩强烈; 绚丽夺目: * The countryside glowed with autumn colours. 郊野焕发出斑斓的秋色. 派生： glow n [sing] 1 dull light 暗淡的光: The fire cast a warm glow on the walls. 炉火映在墙上呈现一片融融红光. 2 warm look or feeling 发热的样子或感觉: cheeks with a rosy/healthy glow 绯红的双颊[容光焕发]. 3 feeling of satisfaction 满足的心情: the special glow you get from a truly unselfish act 从真正的无私行为中体验到的特殊喜悦. glowing adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] giving enthusiastic praise 热情赞扬的; 热烈的: a glowing account, report, etc 热情的叙述, 报道等 * describe sth in glowing colours, terms, phrases, etc, ie praise sth strongly 热烈赞扬某事物. glowingly adv. 复合： `glow-worm n insect of which the wingless female gives out a green light at its tail 萤火虫.

glower
[5glauE(r); 5glaul] v [I, Ipr] ~ (at sb/sth) look in an angry or a threatening way 怒目而视; 愠然作色: * He sat glowering at his opponent. 他坐在那里怒视着对手. * (fig 比喻) the glowering sky, ie with dark clouds 阴沉的天空. > gloweringly[5glauEriNli; 5glauEriNli] adv.

glucose
[5glu:kEus; 5glukos] n [U] form of sugar (eg dextrose) found in fruit-juice, easily turned into energy by the human body 葡萄糖; 右旋糖.

glue
[glu:; glu] n [U, C] thick sticky liquid used for joining things 胶; 胶水: * mend a broken cup with glue 用胶粘补破杯 * He sticks to her like glue, ie never leaves her. 他如胶似漆地寸步不离开她. Cf 参看 adhesive n, cement 2. 派生： glue v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ A (to/onto B); ~ A and B (together) stick or join a thing or things with glue 用胶水将物体粘合: glue wood (on) to metal 将木头粘到金属上 * glue two pieces of wood together 将两块木料粘合在一起. 2 (idm 习语) glued to sth (infml 口) continually close to sth; unwilling to leave sth 紧附於, 不愿离开, 似胶般固着於（某事物）: He's glued to the television, ie watching it with close interest. 他目不转睛地看着电视. * with his ear glued to the keyhole, ie listening hard to a conversation in another room 他耳朵紧贴在钥匙孔上（偷听室内谈话）. gluey[5glu:i; 5glui] adj sticky; like glue 胶黏的; 似胶的. 复合： `glue-sniffing n [U] practice of breathing in the fumes of certain types of glue for their intoxicating effect 吸胶毒（为获兴奋效果而吸入某些类型的胶的气体）.

glum
[glQm; glQm] adj (-mmer, -mmest) (infml 口) gloomy; sad 忧郁的; 闷闷不乐的: * glum expressions, faces, features 忧伤的神情、 面孔、 相貌. > glumly adv: * `Another rainy day,’ he remarked glumly. ‘又是一个雨天, ’ 他闷闷不乐地说. glumness n [U].

glut
[glQt; glQt] v (-tt-) [Tn, Tn.pr] 1 ~ sth (with sth) supply sth with much more than is needed 超量供应某事物: * glut the market with cheap apples from abroad 进口过量的廉价苹果供应市场. 2 ~ oneself (with/on sth) fill oneself (by eating too much); gorge oneself 吃得过饱; 大吃: * glut oneself with rich food, on cream buns 大吃油腻食物、 奶油面包 * (fig 比喻) glutted with pleasure 纵情享乐. 派生： glut n (usu sing 通常作单数) situation in which supply exceeds demand; excess 供过於求; 供应过剩: a glut of fruit, of American films, of talent 水果、 美国影片、 人材供过於求.

gluten
[5glu:tn; 5glutn] n [U] sticky protein substance that is left when starch is washed out of flour 面筋; 麸质; 谷胶. 派生： glutinous[5glu:tEnEs; 5glutEnEs] adj of or like gluten; sticky （似）面筋的; 黏的; 胶质的: * a glutinous substance 胶性物质 * (fig 比喻) the film's glutinous (ie excessive) sentimentality 这部影片的缠绵悱恻.

glutton
[5glQtn; 5glQtn] n 1 person who eats too much 贪吃的人; 吃得过多的人: * You've eaten the whole pie, you glutton! 你把整块馅饼都给吃了, 你这贪吃鬼! 2 ~ for sth (infml 口) person always ready for more (of sth difficult or unpleasant) 甘愿承受更多困难、 不快事物的人: * a glutton for punishment, (hard) work, etc 对惩罚、 （艰苦的）工作等无所畏惧的人. 派生： gluttonous[5glQtEnEs; 5glQtnEs] adj very greedy for food 贪吃的; 贪嘴的. gluttonously adv. gluttony[-tEni; -tni] n [U] habit or practice of eating (and drinking) too much 贪吃; 大吃八喝.

glycerine
[5glisEri:n; 5glisE7rin] (US glycerin[-rin;-rin] ) n [U] thick sweet colourless liquid made from fats and oils, used in medicines, toilet products and explosives 甘油; 丙叁醇.

GM
[7dVi: 'em; 7dVi 'em] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) George Medal: * be awarded the GM 获授予乔治勋章 * John Green GM 乔治勋章获得者约翰．格林.

GMT
[7dVi: em 'ti:; 7dVi em 'ti] abbr 缩写 = Greenwich Mean Time. Cf 参看 BST.

gnarled
[na:ld; narld] adj 1 (of trees) twisted and rough; covered with knobs （指树木）扭曲粗糙的, 多节瘤的: * a gnarled oak, branch, trunk 多节瘤的橡树、 树枝、 树干. 2 (of hands or fingers) twisted, with swollen joints and rough skin; deformed （指手或手指）关节扭曲肿胀及皮肤粗糙的, 变形的: * hands gnarled with age 经年操劳而骨节嶙峋的手.

gnash
[nAF; nAF] v [Tn] (usu fig 通常作比喻) grind (one's teeth) together as a sign of great emotion （因情绪激动）咬或磨（牙）: * I was gnashing my teeth with/in rage, ie was extremely angry. 我咬牙切齿愤怒已极. 派生： gnashers n [pl] (joc sl 谑, 俚) teeth 牙齿.

gnat
[nAt; nAt] n small two-winged fly that stings; small mosquito 蚋; 蠓; 蚊.

gnaw
[nC:; nC] v 1 [Ipr, Tn] ~ (at) sth bite sth hard continually until it is worn away 不断地啃, 咬, 啮硬物（直至啃掉、 咬去、 啮断）: * a dog gnawing (at) a bone 啃着骨头的狗 * a boy gnawing his fingernails 咬着指甲的男孩. 2 [Ipr, Ip, Tn] ~ (at) sb/sth (fig 比喻) cause sb/sth continual distress and torment 使某人苦恼; 使某事物受折磨: * fear and anxiety gnawing (at) one's heart 心中受着恐惧和不安的折磨 * the gnawing pains of hunger 饥饿引起的绞痛 * guilt gnawing (away) at one's conscience 使良心不安的罪愆. 3 (phr v) gnaw sth away/off destroy sth gradually by gnawing 啃掉或咬坏某物: * Rats gnawed off the lid of the box. 老鼠啃坏了箱盖.

gneiss
[nais; nais] n [U] (geology 地质) coarse-grained rock of quartz, feldspar and mica 片麻岩.

gnome
[nEum; nom] n 1 (in stories) creature like a small human being living under the ground (often guarding treasure) （故事中的）守护神, 地精（常作守卫宝藏者）. 2 model of such a creature used as an ornament in a garden 守护神塑像（用作花园中的饰物）. 3 (usu derog 通常作贬义) powerful international banker 势力雄厚的国际银行家: * the gnomes of Zurich 苏黎世的国际银行家们.

gnomic
[5nEumik; 5nomik] adj (fml 文) (of a remark, etc) mysteriously brief and obscure （指言语等）（出奇地）简短而晦涩的. > gnomically[-kli; -kli] adv.

GNP
[7dVi: en 'pi:; 7dVi en 'pi] abbr 缩写 = gross national product: * The country's GNP has risen by 10% this year. 今年国家的国民生产总值增长了10%. Cf 参看 GDP.

gnu
[nu:; nu] n (pl unchanged or ~s 复数或不变或作 gnus) (also wildebeest) large thickset African antelope 角马（产於非洲）.

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cart

go1
* Who are you going with? 你和谁一起去? * I'll be going with Keith. 我和基思一起去. * His dog goes everywhere with him. 他的狗总跟着他. 2 [Ipr] ~ to sth (a) (usu without a or the 通常不与a或the连用) move or travel to (the place specified) for the purpose esp associated with it 为某目的去某处: go to hospital, ie for medical treatment 去医院（治疗） * go to prison, ie be sent there for having committed a crime 进监狱（因犯罪） * go to market, ie to sell one's produce 上市场（卖货）. (b) (usu without a or the 通常不与a或 the连用) attend (a place), esp regularly 参加, 出席（尤指经常地）: go to church, school上教堂去做礼拜、 上学 * Did you go to (ie study at) university? 你上过大学吗? 3 [Ipr] (a) ~ for sth (also used with the -ing form of a v 与动词-ing形式运用) leave a place or travel to a place to take part in an activity or carry out an action 离开某处或去某处参加活动或进行活动: go for a walk, swim, run, etc 去散步、 游泳、 跑步等 * Annie's not in; she's gone for a walk. 安妮不在家, 她出去散步了. * Shall we go for a drink (ie at a pub or bar) this evening? 今晚我们去喝酒好吗? * go fishing, hiking, jogging, sailing, pot-holing, etc 去钓鱼、 远足、 慢跑、 做帆船运动、 探岩洞等 * I have to go shopping this afternoon. 今天下午我得去买东西. (b) ~ on sth leave a place with the purpose of undertaking sth 离开某处去做某事: go on a journey, an outing, a trip, a cruise, (a) safari 去旅行、 郊游、 短途旅行、 乘船旅游、 狩猎旅行 * Richard isn't at work this week; he's gone on holiday. 理查德本周不上班, 他去度假了. * After leaving college she went on a secretarial course. 她从学院毕业以後又学习秘书课程. 4 [I] move or travel in the specified way or over a specified distance 以某方式移动或经过某距离: That car is going too fast. 那辆汽车开得太快了. * We had gone about fifty miles when the car broke down. 我们开出约五十英里汽车就抛锚了.

go2
* We still have five miles to go, ie until we reach our destination. 我们还要走五英里. 5 (used with the -ing form of a v to show that sb/sth moves in the specified way or that sb/sth is doing sth while moving 与动词-ing形式连用, 表示某人[某事物]以某方式移动或在移动中做某事物): The car went careering off (ie careered off) the road into a ditch. 汽车猛地冲出公路跌进沟里. * The train went chugging (ie chugged) up the hill. 火车轰隆隆地爬上山去. * She went sobbing (ie was sobbing as she went) up the stairs. 她抽抽搭搭地上楼去了. 6 [I, Ipr] be sent or passed on 发送; 传递: Will this letter go by tonight's post? 这信今晚能邮走吗? * Such complaints must go through the proper channels. 这种意见应当通过适当渠道反映. * I want this memo to go to all departmental managers. 这份备忘录要送交各部门的经理. 7 [La, I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (from...) to... extend or lead from one place to another 从一地伸展或通向另一地: The roots of this plant go deep. 这种植物的根系扎得很深. * (fig 比喻) Differences between employers and workers go deep. 雇主和工人间的分歧很大. * Does this road go to London? 这条公路通往伦敦吗? * I want a rope that will go from the top window to the ground. 我要一条绳, 其长度能自最上一扇窗户垂到地面. * Our garden goes down as far as the river. 我们的花园一直延伸到河边. * POSITION 位置 8 (a) [I, Ipr] have as a usual or proper position; be placed 放, 置, 摆, 在（通常的或应在的位置）: This dictionary goes on the top shelf. 这部词典放在最上一格. * Where do you want the piano to go? ie Where shall we put it? 你想把钢琴放在哪儿? * `Where does this teapot go?’ `In that cupboard.’ ‘这把茶壶放在什麽地方?’‘放到那个柜橱里.’ (b) [I, Ipr, Ip] be contained (in sth); fit (in sth) 被容纳（在某事物中）; 装（进某物中）: This key won't go in (the lock). 这把钥匙插不进（那把锁中）.

go3
* My clothes won't all go into that tiny suitcase. 那个小衣箱装不下我所有的衣物. (c) [I, Ipr] (of a number) be contained in another number, esp without a remainder （指数）包含在另一数中（尤指无馀数）: 3 into 12 goes 4, ie is contained in 12 four times 3除12得4 * 7 into 15 won't go[7 won't go into 15 7除不尽15. * ACTIVITY 行动 9 [I] (used with advs, or in questions after how 与副词连用, 或在疑问句中用於how之後) take place or happen in the way specified; turn out; progress 发生; 出现; 结果; 进行: `How did your holiday go?’ `It went (very) well.’ ‘你假日过得好吗?’‘过得很好.’* The election went badly for the Conservatives. 选举结果对保守党不利. * Did everything go smoothly? 一切进行得顺利吗? * The meeting went better than we had expected. 会议开得比我们预料的好. * How's it going?/How are things going? ie Is your life pleasant, enjoyable, etc at the moment? 一切可好（日子过得怎麽样）? * The way things are going the company will be bankrupt by the end of the year. 从事态发展来看, 公司年底就要破产. 10 [I] (esp in commands 尤用於命令语句) start an activity 开始某行动: I'll say `One, two, three, go!’ as a signal for you to start. 我喊‘一、 二、 叁、 开始!’你就开始. 11 [I] (of a machine, etc) function; work; operate （指机器等）运行, 工作, 运转: This clock doesn't go. 这钟不走了. * Is your watch going? 你的表走吗? * This machine goes by electricity. 这机器是电动的. * STATE 状态 12 [La, Ln] pass into the specified condition; become 进入某状态; 变为: go bald, blind, mad, pale, bankrupt 变秃、 变瞎、 变疯、 变苍白、 破产 * Her hair is going grey. 她的头发日见花白. * This milk has gone sour. 这牛奶馊了. * Fish soon goes bad (ie rotten) in hot weather. 天热时鱼坏得快. * The children went wild with excitement. 孩子欣喜若狂. * Britain went Labour (ie changed politically by electing a Labour government) in 1945. 1945年英国转由工党执政. =>Usage at become 用法见become.

go4
13 [La] be or live habitually in the specified state or manner 处於某状态; （以某方式）生活: She cannot bear the thought of children going hungry. 她想到儿童挨饿就受不了. * You'd better go armed, ie carry a weapon. 你最好带上武器. 14 (used with a negative past participle to show that an action does not take place 与否定式过去分词连用, 表示某动作未发生): Her absence went unnoticed, ie was not noticed. 没有人注意到她缺席. * Police are worried that many crimes go unreported, ie are not reported to them. 警方不安的是很多罪行无人报案. * SOUND 声音 15 [I, Ipr] ~ like sth (used esp in questions after how 尤用於疑问句中的how之後) (of a piece of music or writing) have a certain tune or wording （指一篇乐曲或文字）有某种基调或措辞: How does that song go? 那首歌是怎麽唱的? * The national anthem goes like this... 国歌是这样唱的... * I forget how the next line goes. 我忘记下一行是什麽了. * The story goes that she poisoned her husband/She poisoned her husband, or so the story goes, ie It is said that she poisoned him. 故事说她把丈夫毒死了. 16 (a) [Ln] make the specified sound 发出某种声音: The clock went `tick-tock, tick-tock'. 钟发出嘀嗒嘀嗒的声音. * The gun went `bang'. 枪砰的一声响了. * Cats go `miaow.’ 猫的叫声是‘喵喵’. (b) [Ipr] make the specified movement 做某种动作: She went like this with her hand. 她用手这样比划着. 17 [I] be sounded as a signal or warning 发出信号或警告的声响: The whistle goes at the end of the match. 比赛结束时哨声响了. * No one may leave the classroom until the bell goes. 铃响以前任何人均不得离开教室. * If the fire-alarm goes, staff should assemble outside the building. 火警警报响时全体人员应到楼外集合. * COMING TO AN END 结束 18 [I] cease to exist; disappear; vanish 不再存在; 消失; 消散: Has your headache gone yet? 你头痛好了吗?

go5
* I rubbed hard but the stain just wouldn't go. 我使劲擦也擦不掉那污迹. * I left my bike outside the shop and when I came out again it had gone, ie somebody had taken it. 我把自行车放在商店外面, 等我出来时已不翼而飞了. 19 [I] (used after must, have to or can 用於must、 have to或can之後) be thrown away, rejected or dismissed 被扔掉、 驳回或辞退: The old settee will have to go. 那个长靠椅该扔掉了. * He's incompetent; he'll have to go. 他不称职, 得辞掉他. 20 [I] get worse; be lost 变坏; 丧失: His sight is going. 他的视力在衰退. * Her hearing went (ie She became deaf) in her seventies. 她70多岁时耳聋了. * His mind is going, ie He is becoming senile. 他心智日衰. 21 [I] become damaged or stop functioning properly 受损; 不起作用: My jumper has gone (ie has worn into holes) at the elbows. 我的毛衣肘部已磨坏. * I was driving into town when my brakes went, ie failed. 我正开车进城时, 制动器失灵了. * This light bulb has gone. 这灯泡不亮了. * Her voice has gone, ie She cannot speak properly, eg because she has a sore throat. 她嗓子哑了. 22 [I] (euph 婉) die 死: Old Mrs Davis has gone. 戴维斯老太太去世了. 23 [I, Ipr, It] ~ (on sth) (of money) be spent or used up （指钱）花掉, 用光: I don't know where the money goes! 我不知道钱都花到什麽地方去了. * All her earnings go on clothes. 她挣来的钱都花在衣服上了. * Most of my salary goes on/in (paying) rent. 我薪水的大部分都用来付房租了. * The money will go to finance a new community centre. 这些钱将用来资助一个新社区中心. 24 [I, Ipr] ~ (to sb) (for sth) be sold 卖; 售: These socks are going at 1 a pair. 这些短袜每双卖1英镑. * The new dictionary is going well, ie A lot of copies of it are being sold. 这部新词典销路很好. * We shan't let our house go for less than 50000. 我们的房子低於50000英镑不卖.

go6
* The antique table went to the lady in the pink hat. 这张古董桌子卖给那位戴粉红色帽子的女士了. * COMMANDS 命令 25 (used in negative commands with a v in the -ing form to tell sb not to do sth 用於否定命令句, 与动词-ing形式连用, 告诉某人不要做某事): Don't go getting yourself into trouble! 别自找麻烦! 26 (infml 口 esp US) (used in commands with a v in the infinitive without to to send sb away angrily 用於命令句, 与不带to的动词不定式连用, 表示愤怒地打发某人走开): Go jump in a lake! 滚开!

goad
[gEud; god] n 1 pointed stick for making cattle, etc move on （赶牲畜用的）尖头棒. 2 (fig 比喻) thing urging a person to action 刺激或激励人行动的事物: * motivated by the twin goads of punishment and reward 受赏与罚的双重因素所促使的. 派生： goad v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (into sth/doing sth) (fig 比喻) continually provoke or annoy (a personor an animal) 不断招惹或激怒（人或动物）: Stop goading the poor beast! 别再招惹那可怜的动物了. * His persistentquestions finally goaded me into an angry reply/into replying angrily. 他叁番五次地问问题惹得我回答时也没有好气. * trying to goad these lazy fellows into action 尽力驱使这些懒人行动. 2 (phr v) goad sb on continually urge and encourage sb to do sth 不断催促或鼓励某人做某事: goaded on by fierce ambition 为强烈的野心所驱使.

goal
[gEul; gol] n 1 (a) (in football, hockey, etc) pair of posts with a crossbar, between which the ball has to be kicked, hit, etc in order to score （足球、 曲棍球等的）球门: * He headed the ball into an open goal, ie one temporarily unprotected by the goalkeeper. 他乘虚把球顶入球门. * Who is keeping goal/is in goal (ie is goalkeeper) for Arsenal? 谁给阿森纳队守球门? =>illus at association football (association) 见association football插图. (b) point scored when the ball goes into the goal 进球得的分: * score/kick a goal 得[踢进一球得]一分 * win by three goals to one 以叁比一获胜 * score an own goal, ie knock the ball into one's own goal (by accident), thus giving a point to the other team, or (fig) do sth that harms oneself 误将球踢进己方球门（白送对方一分或比喻做某事害了自己）. 2 (fig 比喻) object of one's efforts; target 努力的对象; 目标: * pursue, reach, attain, etc one's goal in life 追求、 达到、 实现...人生的目标 * The company has set itself some stiff (ie high) production goals for this year. 公司今年定下很高的生产指标. * Their goal was to eradicate smallpox. 他们奋斗的目标是消灭天花. 派生： goalless[5gEullis; 5gollis] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] with no goal scored （足球、 曲棍球等）未得分的: * a goalless draw 零比零的平局. 复合： `goal-area n (in soccer) marked rectangular area in front of a goal （足球的）球门区. =>illus at association football (association) 见association football插图. `goalkeeper (also infml 口语亦作 goalie[5gEuli;'goli] ) n player who stands in goal and tries to prevent the other team from scoring 守门员. =>illus at hockey 见hockey插图. `goal-kick n (in soccer) kick by the defending side to put the ball back into play after the attacking side has sent it over the goal-line （足球的）球门球.

goal1
`goal-line n either of the pair of lines marking the two ends of a pitch 端线. goal-mouth n area immediately in front of a goal: 球门口（正对球门前的区域） [attrib 作定语] an exciting match with a lot of goal-mouth incidents 在球门口有许多险球的一场扣人心弦的比赛. `goal-post n 1 either of the two upright posts which together with the crossbar form a goal 球门柱: a cracking shot which hit the goal-post 射中球门柱的一个漂亮的球. =>illus at Rugby 见Rugby插图. 2 (idm 习语) move the goal-posts => move2.

goat
[gEut; got] n 1 small lively horned animal with long hair 山羊: * goat's milk 羊奶 * climb like a mountain goat, ie very nimbly 像山羊般敏捷地爬. Cf 参看 billy-goat, nanny-goat. =>illus 见插图. 2 (sl 俚) unpleasant old man, esp one who is sexually active 讨厌的老头; （尤指）老色鬼: * Let go, you randy old goat! 放开我, 你这老色鬼! 3 (idm 习语) act/play the (giddy) `goat (infml 口) behave frivolously or irresponsibly 举止轻浮或不负责任. get sb's `goat (infml 口) greatly irritate or annoy sb 激怒或惹恼某人. separate the sheep from the goats => separate2. 派生： goatee/gEu'ti:; go'ti] n man's small pointed beard like the tuft of hair on a goat's chin 山羊胡子（男子下巴上的小撮尖形胡须）. 复合： `goatherd n person who looks after a flock of goats 牧羊人; 羊倌. `goatskin n (a) [U] leather made from the skin of a goat 山羊皮: [attrib 作定语] a goatskin bag, purse, etc 山羊皮包、 山羊皮钱包. (b) [C] bottle made of this 山羊皮囊: a goatskin filled with wine 装着酒的山羊皮囊. `goat's cheese cheese made from goat's milk 山羊奶酪.

gob
1[gCb; gab] n (infml 口) lump or drop of slimy substance (esp saliva, etc from the mouth) （黏性物质的）团, 块, 滴; （尤指）唾液等: * Gobs of grease/spittle ran down his chin. 一滴滴的油[口水]顺着他的下巴流下. 派生： gob v (-bb-) [I] (infml 口) spit 吐.

gobbet
[5gCbit; 5gabit] n (infml 口) 1 lump or chunk, esp of food 团、 块或片（尤指食物）. 2 (fig 比喻) short extract from a text 短小的引文; 摘录: * learn and quote gobbets of poetry 背诵和引用诗段.

gobble
1[5gCbl; 5gabl] v 1 [I, Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up/down) eat sth fast, noisily and greedily (leaving nothing behind) 狠吞虎 （一点不剩）: * Eat slowly and don't gobble! 慢点吃, 别狼吞虎 的! * gobble one's food (down) in a hurry 匆匆忙忙吞（下）食物 * gobble up all the cakes 大口吃光所有的蛋糕. 2 (phr v) gobble sth up (infml 口) use sth up quickly; swallow 很快用完; 吞没: * The rent gobbles up half his earnings. 租金一项就占去他一半的收入. * Small family businesses are often gobbled up by larger firms. 家庭小商业遭到大公司的吞并.

gobbledegook
(also gobbledygook)[5gCbldigu:k; 5gabldi7guk] n [U] (infml 口) difficult or pompous language use by specialists; jargon 费解或浮夸的术语; 行话: * Civil Service documents are often written in gobbledegook that ordinary people cannot understand. 政府部门的文件中常使用术语, 普通人看不懂.

goblet
[5gCblit; 5gablit] n glass, metal, etc drinking-vessel (for wine) with a stem and base, but no handle （玻璃、 金属等的）高脚（酒）杯. =>illus at glass 见glass插图.

goblin
[5gCblin; 5gablin] n (in fairy stories) small ugly mischievous manlike creature （童话故事中）（丑陋而调皮的）小妖精, 小妖怪.

god
[gCd; gad] n 1 [C] being or spirit that is believed to have power over nature and control over human affairs 神: * Mars was the Roman god of war. 马尔斯是罗马的战神. * a feast/sight (fit) for the gods, ie which is exceptionally fine 精美绝伦的宴席[美景]. 2 God [sing] (in various religions, esp Christianity, Judaism and Islam) the Supreme Being, creator and ruler of the universe （在各种宗教中, 尤指基督教、 天主教、 犹太教和伊斯兰教中的）上帝, 天主, 主, 真主, 宇宙的创造者和主宰: * God the Father, God the Son and God the Holy Ghost, ie the Holy Trinity in the Christian religion 圣父、 圣子、 圣灵（基督教中的叁位一体） * I swear by Almighty God (ie very solemnly) that the evidence I shall give... 我对全能的神发誓, 我提出的证据... * As God is my witness (ie I solemnly swear), that's the truth! 上帝为我作证, 一切属实! * He likes to play God, ie behave as if he could control people and events. 他以上帝自居（控制人与事）. 3 [C] (a) person greatly admired or adored 极受崇敬的人: * To people of our generation Kennedy was a god. 对我们这一代人来说, 肯尼迪是我们崇拜的偶像. (b) thing to which too much attention is given 过分注意的事物: * Money is his god. 金钱是他的命. 4 the gods [pl] gallery seats high up in a theatre （剧院中的）最高楼座: * sitting in the gods 坐在最高楼座. 5 (idm 习语) an act of God => act1. for God's, etc sake => sake. for the love of `God, etc => love1. God al`mighty/God in `heaven/good `God/(oh) (my) God (used to express surprise, horror, etc 用以表示惊异、 恐怖等): * God, what a stupid thing to do! 天哪, 多麽愚蠢的事呀! God/goodness/Heaven knows => know. God/Heaven forbid => forbid. God/Heaven help sb => help1. God's gift to sb/sth (often ironic 常作反语) sb/sth that seems specially created to be useful to or enjoyed by a group of people, an industry, etc 上帝恩赐的人[事物]（给大家、 企业等）:

god1
* He seems to think he's God's gift to women. 似乎他认为自己是上帝赐给女人的宝贝. God willing (used to express the wish that one will be able to do as one intends or plans 用以表示但愿事情能如愿): * I'll be back next week, God willing. 如一切顺利, 我下周就回来. honest to God/goodness => honest. in `God's name (used when asking angry or surprised questions 用於疑问句, 表示气愤或惊讶): * What in God's name was that huge bang? 究竟是什麽砰的一声响? in the lap of the gods => lap1. a man of God => man. please God => please. put the fear of God into sb => fear1. thank God, etc => thank. a tin god => tin. to God/goodness/Heaven (used after a v to express a strong hope, wish, etc 用於动词之後, 表示强烈的希望、 愿望等): * I wish to God he'd turn that radio down! 我真希望他把收音机的音量调低些! ,ye `gods (dated or joc 旧或谑) (used to express surprise 用以表示惊讶). 复合： `godchild, `god-daughter, `godson ns person for whom sb takes reponsibility as a godparent 教子; 教女. `god-damn (ed) (US goddam[5gCdAm; 5gad'dAm] ) adj, adv ( infml 讳, 口) (used for adding force to an expression 用以加强语气): * Where's that god-damned pen? 那枝该死的钢笔哪儿去了? * There's no need to be so goddam rude! 没必要那麽粗鲁! `godfather, `godmother, `godparent ns person who promises when a child is baptized to see that it is brought up as a Christian 教父; 教母. `god-fearing adj living a good life; sincerely religious 敬畏上帝的; 正直善良的; 虔诚的. `god-forsaken adj (of places) dismal; wretched （指地方）冷落的, 偏僻的, 凄凉的: a god-forsaken little town in the middle of nowhere 荒野中一座凄凉的小镇. `godlike adj like God or a god in some quality 如神的; 上帝般的: his godlike beauty 他那神人般的容貌. God's `acre (arch 古) churchyard 教堂墓地.

goddess
[5gCdis; 5gadis] n 1 female god, eg in Greek and Latin mythology 女神（如希腊和罗马神话中的）: * Diana, the goddess of hunting 戴安娜, 狩猎女神. 2 female person greatly adored or admired 极受崇敬的女子: * screen goddesses, ie female film stars 银幕女明星.

godhead
[5gCdhed; 5gadhed] n the Godhead [sing] (fml 文) God 上帝: * worshipping the Godhead 崇敬上帝.

godless
[5gCdlis; 5gadlis] adj not respecting or believing in God; wicked 无神的; 不敬奉上帝的; 邪恶的. > `godlessness n [U].

godly
[5gCdli; 5gadli] adj (-lier, -liest) loving and obeying God; deeply religious 热爱和崇敬上帝的; 虔诚的. > godliness n [U].

godown
[5gEudaun; go'daun] n (in Asia) warehouse （亚洲的）仓库, 货栈.

godsend
[5gCdsend; 5gad7send] n unexpected piece of good luck; sth welcome because it gives great help in time of need （意外的）好运; （因及时应需）令人喜出望外的事物: * The rent was due, so your cheque came as an absolute godsend! 租金已到期, 你的支票来到真是喜从天降!

godspeed
[7gCd'spi:d; 5gad7spid] interj, n (arch 古) (used when wishing sb success on a journey, etc 用以祝某人一路平安等): * We bade/wished her godspeed, ie said farewell to her. 我们祝她一路顺风.

goer
[5gEuE(r); 5gol] n 1 (infml 口) lively or enterprising person 活跃的人; 有进取心的人. 2 (sexist 性别偏见) woman or girl who enjoys having sex frequently with different men 喜欢与并非同一男子常有性关系的女子: * She's a real goer she'll do anything with anyone! 她是个十足的骚货--人尽可夫, 什麽事都干得出来! 派生： -goer (only in compounds 只用以构成复合词) person who regularly goes to or attends the specified place or event 常去某地或参加某活动的人: `cinema-/`concert-/`theatre-goers * He's a regular church-goer. 他按时到教堂做礼拜.

going
[5gEuiN; 5goiN] n 1 [sing] act of leaving a place; departure 离去; 离开: * We were all sad at her going. 她一走我们都很难过. 2 [U] condition or state of the ground, a road, a race-track, etc for walking, riding on, etc （地面、 道路、 跑道等的）路面条件或情况: * The path was rough going. 这小道崎岖难走. * The going (ie The surface of the race-track) at Newmarket is soft today. 今天纽马基特的跑道湿软. 3 [U] rate of progress, travel, etc 进展、 行进等的速率: * It was good going to reach London by midday. 那次行进速度很快, 到中午已抵达伦敦. * She was a company director before she was 25; that's not bad going! 她不到25岁就当上公司主管, 升得可真快! 4 (idm 习语) comings and goings => coming. get out, go, leave, etc while the ,going is `good leave a place or stop doing sth while conditions are still favourable or while it is still easy to do so 趁情况有利时离开; 急流勇退; 及时脱身: * Life here is getting more difficult all the time let's go while the going's good. 这里的生活越来越困难了--趁现在好走, 咱们还是走吧. heavy going => heavy. 派生： going adj (idm 习语) a ,going con`cern an active and prosperous business, institution, etc 活跃和繁荣的企业、 机构等. the ,going `rate (for sth) the usual amount of money paid for goods or services at a particular time （某段时间内为商品或服务所付的）一般的费用或酬金: The going rate for freelance work is 5 an hour. 自由职业者的现行酬金是每小时5英镑. 复合： ,going-`over n (pl goings-over) 1 (infml 口) act of examining, cleaning or repairing sth thoroughly 对某物彻底的检查、 清理或检修: The document will need a careful going-over before we make a decision. 我们要对文件仔细审阅後再作决定. * I gave the car a thorough going-over. 我把汽车彻底检修了一遍. 2 (sl 俚) beating or thrashing 痛打; 鞭挞: The thugs gave him a real going-over. 那帮流氓把他着实打了一顿.

going1
,goings-`on n [pl] (infml 口) unusual or surprising happenings or events 不寻常的或令人惊奇的现象或事情: There were some strange goings-on next door last night. 昨夜隔壁有些异常.

goitre
(US goiter)[5gCitE(r); 5gCitl] n [U] large swelling of the throat caused by disease of the thyroid gland 甲状腺肿.

gold
[gEuld; gold] n 1 [U] precious yellow metal used for making coins, ornaments, jewellery, etc 金; 黄金: * prospecting for gold 勘探黄金 * coins made of solid gold 足金金币 * pure gold 纯金 * 5-, 18-, 22-carat gold 5、 18、 22开金 * payment in gold 用黄金支付 * [attrib 作定语] gold bars, bullion, etc 金条、 金块 * a gold bracelet, ring, watch, etc 金手镯、 金戒指、 金表 * a gold medal, ie one given usu as first prize 金质奖章. =>App 10 见附录10. 2 [U] (rhet 修辞) money in large sums; wealth 大批金钱; 财富: * a miser and his gold 守财奴及其财富. 3 [U, C] colour of this metal 金色: * hair of shining gold 闪着金光的毛发 * the reds and golds of the autumn trees 秋天树木斑斓的火红色与金黄色 * [attrib 作定语] gold lettering 金字. 4 [C] (sport 体) gold medal 金质奖章: * win a/the gold 获得金牌. 5 (idm 习语) all that glitters is not gold => glitter. (as) good as gold very well-behaved 表现很好的: * The children were as good as gold while you were out. 你不在时孩子都乖极了. a heart of gold => heart. strike gold/oil => strike2. worth one's/its weight in gold => worth. 复合： `gold-digger n (derog 贬) girl or woman who uses her sexual attractions to get money from men 以色相诱骗男子钱财的女子. `gold-dust n [U] gold in the form of powder 沙金; 金泥; 金粉: Good electricians are like gold-dust round here, ie are very rare and sought-after. 好的电工在这一带如 凤毛麟角. `gold-field n district in which gold is found in the ground 金矿区; 黄金产地. ,gold `foil (also ,gold-`leaf) = leaf 3. ,gold `medallist winner of a gold medal 金质奖章获得者. `gold-mine n 1 place where gold is mined 金矿. 2 (fig 比喻) any source of wealth; prosperous business 富源; 繁荣的企业: This shop is a regular gold-mine. 这家商店日进斗金.

gold1
,gold-`plate n [U] articles (spoons, dishes and other vessels) made of gold 金制器皿（匙、 盘等容器）. `gold-rush n rush to a newly discovered gold-field 淘金热（涌向新的金矿区的热潮）. `goldsmith n person who makes articles of gold 金匠. `gold standard economic system in which the value of money is based on that of gold 金本位制.

golden
[5gEuldEn; 5goldn] adj 1 of gold or like gold in value or colour 金的; 金色的; 贵重如黄金的: * a golden crown, ring, etc 金皇冠、 金戒指 * golden hair, sand, light 金黄色的头发、 沙子、 光. 2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] precious; fortunate 珍贵的; 幸运的: * golden days, ie a specially happy period in sb's life 黄金时代（一生中特别幸福的时期） * a golden opportunity, ie an excellent one which should not be missed 良机. 3 (idm 习语) a golden handshake (usu large) sum of money given to a senior member of a company, etc when he leaves （公司等给高级职员的）（通常为大笔的）退职金, 遣散费. kill the goose that lays the golden egg => kill. silence is golden => silence. 复合： ,golden `age period in the past when commerce, the arts, etc flourished 黄金时代, 全盛时期（商业、 艺术等曾兴盛的时期）: The Elizabethan period was the golden age of English drama. 伊丽莎白时期是英国戏剧的黄金时代. * looking back to a past golden age 回顾过去的黄金时代. ,golden `eagle large golden-brown eagle of northern parts of the world 金雕（产於北半球）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page iv. golden jubilee (celebration of a) 50th anniversary 50周年纪念（庆典）. Cf 参看 diamond jubilee (diamond), silver jubilee (silver). the ,golden `mean principle of moderation; balance between too much and too little of sth 中庸之道: findthe golden mean between drunkenness and total abstinence在酗酒与绝对禁酒之间寻找一个居中之道. ,golden `rule very important principle which should be followed when performing a particular task 重要的原则; 金科玉律: The golden rule in playing tennis is to watch the ball closely. 打网球最重要的一点就是紧盯着球. ,Golden `Syrup (propr 专利名) kind of pale yellow refined treacle 金黄糖浆. golden wedding 50th anniversary of a wedding 金婚纪念（结婚50周年纪念）. Cf 参看 diamond wedding

golden1
(diamond), silver wedding (silver).

goldfinch
[5gEuldfintF; 5gold7fintF] n bright-coloured song-bird with yellow feathers on its wings 金翅（鸣禽, 翼羽呈黄色）.

goldfish
[5gEuldfiF; 5gold7fiF] n small esp orange or red fish (a type of carp) kept in bowls and ponds 金鱼.

golf
[gClf; galf] n [U] outdoor game in which the player tries to hit a small hard ball into a series of 9 or 18 holes using as few strokes as possible 高尔夫球运动: * play a round of golf 打一场高尔夫球. =>App 4 见附录4. =>illus 见插图. 派生： golfer n person who plays golf 打高尔夫球者. 复合： `golf ball 1 ball used in golf 高尔夫球. 2 small metal sphere with raised letters on it, used in some electric typewriters 球形字头（某些电动打字机上有凸形字母的金属球）. Cf 参看 daisy wheel (daisy). `golf-club n stick used for striking the ball in golf 高尔夫球棒. `golf club (a) association whose members play golf 高尔夫球会. (b) grounds and club-house where they meet and play 高尔夫球场地及会所. `golf-course (also `golf-links) n area of land where golf is played 高尔夫球场.

Goliath
[gE'laiEW; gE'laiEW] n (rhet 修辞) giant 歌利亚（巨人）.

golliwog
[5gCliwCg; 5gali7wag] (also golly[5gCli;'gali] ) n black-faced doll with thick stiff hair 头发又浓又硬的黑脸玩偶.

golly
[5gCli; 5gali] interj (infml 口) (used to express surprise 用以表示惊奇).

goloshes
= galoshes.

gonad
[5gEunAd; 5gonAd] n male or female organ (eg testis or ovary) in which reproductive cells are produced 性腺, 生殖腺（如 丸、 卵巢）.

gondola
[5gCndElE; 5gandElE] n 1 long flat-bottomed boat with high peaks at each end, used on canals in Venice （威尼斯运河上行驶的）长形平底舟. 2 cabin suspended from an airship or a balloon or from a cable-railway （飞艇、 气球或缆索铁路的）吊舱, 吊篮, 缆车. 3 set of shelves (in a self-service shop) for displaying goods （自助商店中的）商品陈列架. 派生： gondolier[7gCndE'liE(r); 7gandE'lir] n man who propels a gondola(1) （威尼斯运河上划平底舟的）船夫.

gone
1 pp of go.

goner
[5gCnE(r); - 'gC:n-; 5gCnl] n (infml 口) person or thing that is dead, ruined or doomed 死亡的、 毁灭的或劫数难逃的人或事物: * When his parachute failed he thought he was a goner. 他的降落伞打不开了, 他想他算完了.

gong
[gCN; gCN] n 1 metal disc that gives a resonant note when struck with a stick, used esp as a musical instrument or as a signal for meals (in a hotel, etc) 锣: * beat/sound a gong 敲[呜]锣 * Do I hear the dinner gong? 是开饭的锣声吗? 2 (Brit infml 口) (esp military) medal （尤指军功的）奖章, 勋章.

gonna
[5gCnE; 5ganE] (infml 口 esp US) going to 将要: * We're gonna win. 我们要赢了.

gonorrhoea
(also gonorrhea)[7gCnE'riE; 7ganE'riE] n [U] contagious venereal disease which causes a painful discharge from the sexual organs 淋病.

goo
[gu:; gu] n [U] (infml 口) 1 sticky wet substance 湿黏物质: * a baby's face covered in goo 婴儿黏糊糊的脸. 2 (fig derog 比喻, 贬) sentimentality 多愁善感. 派生： gooey[5gu:i; 5gui] (gooier, gooiest) adj (infml 口) 1 sticky 黏的: * a gooey face 黏乎乎的脸. 2 (fig derog 比喻, 贬) sentimental 多愁善感的: * gooey words, music 伤感的言词、 音乐.

good
1[gud; gud] adj (better[5betE(r); 5betl] , best/best; bZst/) 1 of high quality; of an acceptable standard; satisfactory 好的; 优质的; 符合标准的; 令人满意的: * a good lecture, performance, harvest 好的演讲、 表演、 收成 * good pronunciation, behaviour, eyesight 好的发音、 行为、 视力 * a good (eg sharp) knife 快的刀 * Is the light good enough to take photographs? 光线适合照相吗? * The car has very good brakes. 这辆汽车的刹车很灵. * Her English is very good. 她的英语很好. 2 (a) ~ (at sth) (often used with names of occupations or with ns derived from vs 常与职业名称或动词派生的名词连用) able to perform satisfactorily; competent 表现令人满意的; 有能力的: * a good teacher, hairdresser, poet, etc 优秀的教师、 理发师、 诗人等 * good at mathematics, languages, describing things 擅长数学、 语言、 叙事 * a good loser, ie one who doesn't complain when he loses 输得起的人. (b) [pred 作表语] ~ with sth/sb capable when using, dealing with, etc sth/sb 善於使用某物、 处事、 待人或用人: * good with one's hands, eg able to draw, make things, etc 手巧（如会画、 会做东西等） * He's very good with children, ie can look after them well, amuse them, etc. 他很会照看孩子. 3 (a) morally acceptable; virtuous 有道德的; 高尚的: * a good deed 合乎道德的行为 * try to lead a good life 努力过高尚的生活. (b) (esp of a child) well-behaved （尤指儿童）守规矩的, 乖的: * Try to be a good girl. 要做个乖女孩. 4 ~ (to sb) willing to help others; kind 乐於助人的; 好心的; 仁慈的: * You were a good girl to help in the shop. 你帮店里干活儿, 是个好姑娘. * He was very good to me when I was ill. 我生病时他帮了我的大忙. * Would you be good enough to carry this for me? 劳驾给我拿着这个行吗? 5 pleasant; agreeable; welcome 快乐的; 愉快的; 随和的; 令人喜悦的:

good1
* The firm has had good times and bad times. 这公司经历过顺境和逆境. * What good weather we're having! 天气多好哇! * Have you heard the good news about my award? 你听到我获奖的好消息了吗? * It's good to be home again. 重返家园, 令人快慰. 6 (of food) fit to be eaten; not yet rotting or rotten （指食物）适合食用的, 未腐败的: * good eggs, fruit, etc 新鲜的鸡蛋、 水果等 * Separate the good meat from the bad. 把鲜肉和腐肉分开. 7 [usu attrib 通常作定语] not diseased; healthy; strong 无病的; 健康的; 强健的: * good teeth and bones 健康的牙齿和骨骼 * Would you speak into my good ear, I can't hear in the other one. 请对着我这只没毛病的耳朵说, 那只耳朵听不见. 8 (of money) not fake or false; genuine （指钱）非伪造的, 真的: * This note is counterfeit, but that one's good. 这张钞票是假的, 那张是真的. * (fig 比喻) I gave good money for that camera, and it turned out to be worthless. 我买那架照相机可真花了一大笔钱, 结果却不能用. 9 [attrib 作定语] (of clothes, etc) used only for more formal or important occasions （指衣服等）仅用於庄重的或重要的场合的: * My one good suit is at the cleaner's. 我那套讲究的衣服还在洗衣店里呢. * Wear your good clothes to go to church. 要穿上像样的衣服去做礼拜. 10 [attrib 作定语] thorough; complete; sound 彻底的; 完全的; 着实的: * give sb a good beating, scolding, telling-off, etc 给某人一顿痛打、 痛骂、 痛斥等 * go for a good long walk 好好地散散步 * We had a good laugh at that. 那件事情叫我们笑个痛快. 11 [usu attrib 通常作定语] amusing 有趣的; 好玩的: * a good story, joke, etc 有趣的故事、 笑话等 * `That's a good one!’ she said, laughing loudly. ‘这个真有意思!’她大笑着说. 12 ~ (for sb/sth) beneficial; wholesome 有益的; 有益健康的: * the good (ie clean, refreshing) mountain air 山中清新的空气

good2
* Is this kind of food good for me? 这种食物对我身体有益吗? * Sunshine is good for your plants. 你的花草要多晒太阳. * This cream is good for (ie soothes and heals) burns. 这种油膏治烧伤和烫伤很管事儿. 13 ~ (for sth/to do sth) suitable; appropriate 适合的; 相宜的: * a good time for buying a house/to buy a house 买房子的适当时机 * This beach is good for swimming but bad for surfing. 这个海滨适於游泳而不适於冲浪. * She would be good for the job. 她做这工作很合适. 14 ~ for sth (a) (of a person or his credit) such that he will be able to repay (a sum lent) （指人或其信贷）有偿还（借款）能力的: * He/His credit is good for 5000. 他[凭他信用]可获贷款5000英镑. (b) having the necessary energy, fitness, durability, etc 有必要的精力、 健康条件、 忍耐力等的: * You're good for (ie will live) a few years yet. 你还能活几年呢. * This car's good for many more miles. 这辆汽车还能行驶很多英里. (c) valid for sth 有效的: * The return half of the ticket is good for three months. 回程票叁个月内有效. 15 (used in greetings 用於问候): * Good morning/afternoon/evening! 你好! 16 (fml 文) (used as a polite, but more often patronizing, form of address or description 用作敬称或客气的描述, 但多含屈尊俯就之意): * my good sir, man, friend, etc 我的好先生、 好人、 好朋友等 * How is your good lady (ie your wife) ? 尊夫人好吗? 17 [attrib 作定语] (used as a form of praise 用作赞语): * Good old Fred! 忠厚的弗雷德! * Good man! That's just what I wanted. 好心人! 那正是我想要的. 18 [attrib 作定语] (used in exclamations 用於感叹句): * Good Heavens! 天哪! * Good God! 上帝呀! 19 (with a与a连用) [attrib 作定语] (a) great in number, quantity, etc （数目、 数量等）很大的, 很多的: * a good many people 很多人

good3
* We've come a good (ie long) way/distance. 我们是远道而来的. (b) (used with expressions of measurement, quantity, etc 与表示量度、 数量等的短语连用) not less than; rather more than 不少於; 稍多於: * We waited for a good hour. 我们足足等了一小时. * It's a good three miles to the station. 离车站至少叁英里. * She ate a good half of the cake. 那个蛋糕她整整吃了一半. 20 (idm 习语) as good as almost; practically 几乎; 实际上: * He as good as said I'm a liar, ie suggested that I was a liar without actually using the word `liar'. 他无异於说我撒谎（只是未用‘撒谎’一词罢了. * The matter is as good as settled. 这事等於解决了. good and... (infml 口) completely 完全; 彻底: * I won't go until I'm good and ready. 我完全准备好了才去. a good `few a considerable number (of); several 相当多（的）; 几个: * `How many came?’ `A good few.’ ‘来了多少?’‘很不少.’ * There are still a good few empty seats. 还有好几个空位子. ,good for `sb, `you, `them, etc (infml 口) (used when congratulating sb 用以祝贺某人) sb, etc did well 某人干得好: * She passed the exam? Good for her! 她考试及格了? 真行! (For other idioms containing good, see entries for other major words in each idiom 查阅其他含有good一词的习语, 见该习语中含有其他主要词的词条, 如 (as) good as gold => gold; in good time => time1.) 派生： good adv (US infml 口) well 好好地: Now, you listen to me good! 喂, 你好好听我说! 复合： good `faith honest or sincere intention 诚实; 真挚; 善意: I don't doubt your good faith. 你是好意, 我并不怀疑. `good-for-nothing n, adj [attrib 作定语] (person who is) worthless, lazy, etc 无用的（人）; 懒惰的（人）: Where's that good-for-nothing son of yours? 你那个废物儿子在哪儿呢? ,Good `Friday the Friday before Easter, commemorating the Crucifixion of Christ 耶稣受难日（复活节前的星期五, 纪念耶稣被钉死在十字架上）.

good4
,good-`hearted adj kind 好心肠的; 仁慈的. ,good `humour cheerful mood or state of mind 愉快的心情或心态: a meeting marked by good humour andfriendliness 充满愉快和友好气氛的会议 * a man of greatgood humour 脾气极好的男子. ,good-`humoured adj cheerful; amiable 愉快的; 和蔼可亲的. ,good `looks pleasing appearance (of a person) 好看的相貌; （人的）漂亮的外表. ,good-`looking adj (esp of people) having a pleasing appearance （尤指人）漂亮的, 好看的: She's terribly good-looking. 她非常漂亮.* a ,good-looking `horse 一匹好看的马. =>Usage at beautiful 用法见beautiful. ,good `nature kindness and friendliness of character 温顺的性情; 和蔼. ,good-`natured adj having or showing good nature 温顺的; 和蔼的: a ,good-natured `person, dis`cussion 温顺的人、 温和的讨论气氛. ,good-`neighbourliness n [U] friendly relations with or a friendly attitude towards one's neighbours 友好的睦邻关系或态度. ,good `sense soundness in judgement; practical wisdom 判断的准确性; 处理问题的智慧. ,good-`tempered adj not easily irritated or made angry 脾气好的; 不爱生气的.

goodbye
[7gud'bai also 7gu'bai; gud'bai] interj, n 1 (used when leaving or being left by sb 用於离别时): * say `Goodbye!’ to sb 向某人说‘再见’ * We said our goodbyes (ie said `Goodbye!’ to each other) and left. 我们彼此道别然後离去. 2 (idm 习语) kiss sth goodbye/kiss goodbye to sth => kiss.

goodish
[5gudiF; 5gudiF] adj [attrib 作定语] 1 quite good; not the best 尚好的; 差强人意的: * a goodish pair of shoes 一双不错的鞋. 2 fairly/quite large or great 颇大的; 相当大的: * walk a goodish distance, eat a goodish amount 走相当远的路、 吃得颇多.

goodly
[5gudli; 5gudli] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 (arch 古) handsome; pleasant to look at 漂亮的; 好看的: * a goodly man 漂亮的男子 * a goodly sight 悦目的景色. 2 [attrib 作定语] (fml 文) large (in amount) （数量）大的, 相当多的: * a goodly sum of money 一大笔钱.

goodness
[5gudnis; 5gudnis] n 1 [U] quality of being good; virtue; kindness (to sb) 善良; 美德; （对某人的）好意: * praise God for his goodness and mercy 赞美上帝的仁慈和怜悯 * In spite of the bad things he's done I still believe in his essential goodness. 尽管他做了坏事, 我仍然相信他本质是善良的. * her goodness to her old parents 她对年迈双亲的孝心. 2 [U] quality that nourishes sb/sth or helps growth （滋养某人[某事物]或助其成长的）养分, 精华: * Much of the goodness in food may be lost in cooking. 食物在烹调中可能失去许多养分. * Brown bread is full of goodness. 黑面包富於营养. * soil with a lot of goodness in it 含大量养分的土壤. 3 [sing] (euph 婉) (used in exclamations instead of `God' 用於感叹句, 代替God一词): * Goodness, what a big toy! , 多大的玩具呀! * Thank goodness! ie expressing relief 谢天谢地! * For goodness' sake! ie expressing protest 看在老天爷的分上!（表示抗议） * My goodness!/Goodness me!/Goodness gracious (me)! ie expressing surprise 天哪!（表示惊异）. 4 (idm 习语) God/goodness/Heaven knows => know. have the goodness to do sth (fml 文) (used when requesting sb to do sth 用於请求某人做某事): * Have the goodness to step this way, please. 劳驾, 请这边走. honest to God/goodness => honest. to God/goodness/Heaven => god.

goodwill
[7gud'wil; 5gud'wil] n [U] 1 friendly, co-operative or helpful feeling 好意; 善意; 友善; 亲善: * a policy, spirit, etc of goodwill in international relations 国际关系中的亲善政策、 精神等 * show goodwill to/towards sb 对某人表示善意 * Given goodwill on both sides I'm sure we can reach agreement. 若双方均有诚意, 我确信我们能达成一致意见. 2 (financial value attached to the) good reputation of an established business （企业的）信誉; 商誉; 商誉的经济价值: * The goodwill is being sold together with the shop. 商店连同其商誉一并出售.

goody
[5gudi; 5gudi] n (infml 口) 1 (usu pl 通常作复数) (a) pleasant thing to eat; sweet, cake, etc 好吃的东西; 糖果、 点心等: * Too many goodies will make you sick. 好吃的东西吃得太多也要伤身体. (b) desirable thing 想要的东西: * I can now afford a new car, holidays abroad and lots of other goodies. 现在我能买得起新汽车, 能到外国度假还能买很多好东西. 2 hero (of a book, film etc); good person （小说、 电影等中的）主人公; 好人: * Is he one of the goodies or one of the baddies? 他是好人还是坏人? 派生： goody (also goody `gumdrops) interj (infml 口) (used esp by children, for expressing pleasure and excitement 尤作儿童用语, 表示愉快和激动).

gooey
=> goo.

goof
[gu:f; guf] n (infml 口) 1 silly or stupid person 傻瓜; 笨蛋. 2 stupid error 愚蠢的错误: * Sorry, that was a bit of a goof on my part! 对不起, 那是我的疏忽! 派生： goof v (infml 口 esp US) 1 [I, Tn] fail to do (sth) properly; make a mess (of) 搞糟, 弄坏或弄乱（某事物）: She had a great chance, but she goofed again, ie failed to take the opportunity. 她原有个极好的机会, 可是她又错过了. * The actor goofed his lines. 那演员把台词弄乱了. 2 (phr v) goof about/around/off behave stupidly or irresponsibly; mess around 愚蠢地或不负责任地行事; 乱搞. goofy adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) silly; stupid; crazy 愚蠢的; 傻的; 疯的.

googly
[5gu:gli; 5gugli] n (in cricket) ball bowled as if to turn in a particular direction after bouncing, that actually turns the opposite way （板球戏的）曲球（先向一方, 继而转向相反方向的球）.

goon
[gu:n; gun] n (infml 口) (a) stupid or crazy person 傻子; 狂人. (b) (US) person employed to threaten or attack people （雇 的）打手.

goose
[gu:s; gus] n (pl geese/gi:s; gis] ) 1 (a) [C] web-footed water bird larger than a duck 鹅. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page v. (b) (masc 阳性作 gander[5gndE(r); 5gAndl] ) [C] female of this bird 雌鹅. (c) [U] the flesh of the goose served as food 鹅肉: * [attrib 作定语] goose-liver pate 鹅肝酱. 2 (dated 旧) foolish or gullible person, esp female 傻瓜, 笨蛋（尤指女性）: * You silly goose! 你这笨蛋! 3 (idm 习语) all sb's geese are `swans (used when describing sb who overestimates or exaggerates the good qualities of other people 用以比喻某人过高估计或夸大他人的优点). cook sb's goose => cook v. kill the goose that lays the golden eggs => kill. not say `boo' to a goose => say. what's sauce for the goose is sauce for the gander => sauce. 复合： `goose-flesh n [U] (also `goose-pimples [pl]) condition in which the skin is temporarily raised into little lumps, caused by cold or fear 鸡皮疙瘩. `goose-step n [sing] (derog 贬) way of marching without bending the knees 正步.

gooseberry
[5guzbEri; - 'gu:sberi; 5gus7beri] n 1 (bush with a) green, smooth, sour but edible berry (used for jam, tarts, etc) 醋栗树; 醋栗（用以做果酱、 果馅糕点等）: * [attrib 作定语] gooseberry jam 醋栗果酱. 2 (infml 口) unwanted third person present when two people (esp lovers) wish to be alone together 不知趣的第叁者（夹在两人之间, 尤指情侣间者）: * I didn't wish to play gooseberry, ie be the unwanted person. 我可不想当不识趣的人. 复合： gooseberry `fool dessert made from crushed gooseberries and cream 奶油醋栗泥.

gopher
[5gEufE(r); 5gofl] n burrowing rat-like N American animal 囊地鼠（产於北美）.

Gordian knot
[5gC:diEn 'nCt; 7gCrdiEn 'nat] n 1 difficult or seemingly impossible problem or task 戈尔迪之结（棘手的问题或艰巨的任务）. 2 (idm 习语) cut the Gordian `knot solve a problem by forcefully direct but unorthodox methods 用快刀斩乱麻的方式解决问题.

gore
1[gC:(r); gCr] n [U] (esp rhet 尤作修辞) (mainly in descriptions of fighting) thickened blood from a cut or wound （主要用於描写战斗）伤口处凝固的血, 血污: * a film with too much gore, ie scenes of bloodshed 流血场面过多的电影. Cf 参看 gory.

gorge
1[gC:dV; gCrdV] n 1 narrow steep-sided valley, usu with a stream or river 峡谷（通常夹有河溪）: * the Rhine gorge 莱茵峡谷. 2 (dated 旧) throat; gullet 咽喉: * a fish bone stuck in his gorge 卡在他咽部的鱼刺. 3 (idm 习语) make sb's `gorge rise fill sb with anger or disgust; sicken sb 使某人愤怒、 厌恶或作呕: * The sight of so many starving children made his gorge rise. 他看到这麽多儿童挨饿十分气愤.

gorgeous
[5gC:dVEs; 5gCrdVEs] adj 1 (infml 口) giving pleasure and satisfaction; wonderful 令人愉快而满意的; 极好的: * a gorgeous meal 好吃的饭菜 * gorgeous weather 宜人的天气. 2 (infml 口) very beautiful 非常漂亮的: * gorgeous hair 十分好看的头发. 3 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (esp rhet 尤作修辞) richly coloured; magnificent绚丽的; 辉煌的; 壮丽的: * walls hung with gorgeous tapestries 挂着绚丽挂毯的墙壁. > gorgeously adv: * gorgeously dressed, decorated, etc 穿得、 装饰得...华丽.

Gorgon
[5gC:gEn; 5gCrgEn] n 1 (in Greek myth) any of three snake-haired sisters whose looks turned to stone anyone who saw them （希腊神话中的）戈耳工（蛇发叁姐妹之一, 见到者皆化为石头）. 2 gorgon (fig 比喻) domineering, frightening or repulsive woman 专横的、 可怕的或令人憎恶的女人: * Her step-mother, who hated her, was an absolute gorgon. 她的继母是个专横跋扈的女人, 很恨她.

Gorgonzola
[7gC:gEn'zEulE; 7gCrgEn'zolE] n [U] rich creamy blue-veined Italian cheese 戈尔贡佐拉乾酪（意大利乾酪, 乳脂丰富, 有蓝色花纹）.

gorilla
[gE'rilE; gE'rilE] n very large powerful African ape 大猩猩（产於非洲）. =>illus at ape 见ape插图.

gormandize, gormandise
[5gC:mEndaiz; 5gCrmEn7daiz] v [I] (fml derog 文, 贬) eat greedily for pleasure 大吃八喝. 派生： gormandizer, -iser n person who does this 大吃八喝的人.

gormless
[5gC:mlis; 5gCrmlis] adj (Brit infml 口) stupid; foolish 愚蠢的; 傻的: * What a gormless thing to do! 多麽愚蠢的事! * a gormless fellow 笨家伙. > gormlessly adv. gormlessness n [U].

gorse
[gC:s; gCrs] n (also furze, whin) [U] yellow-flowered evergreen shrub with sharp thorns, growing on heaths and wasteland 荆豆（常绿灌木, 有刺、 开黄花, 生於荒野）.

gory
[5gC:ri; 5gCri] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 (esp rhet 尤作修辞) covered with gore1 沾满血污的. 2 full of violence and bloodshed 充满暴力和血腥的: * a gory battle, fight, film, spectacle, etc 血肉横飞的战斗、 打斗、 影片、 场面等 * (fig 比喻) `Have you heard about their divorce?’ `Spare us the gory (ie sensational) details.’ ‘你们听说他们离婚的事了吗?’‘可别跟我们提那些骨肉相残的细节.’

gosh
[gCF; gaF] interj (infml euph 口, 婉) (used as a mild alternative to `God' to express surprise or strong feeling 用以替代God的委婉说法, 表示惊异或强烈情感): * Gosh, I'm hungry! 啊呀, 我饿极了! * I said I'd do it and, by gosh, I did! 我说过我要做那件事, 上天作证, 我还真做了!

gosling
[5gCzliN; 5gazliN] n young goose 幼鹅.

gospel
[5gCspl; 5gaspl] n 1 (Bible 圣经) (a) the Gospel [sing] (the life and teaching of Jesus as recorded in) the first four books of the New Testament 圣经新约四福音书; 福音（记载於福音书中的耶稣生平及其教导）: * preach the Gospel 传布福音. (b) [C] any one of these books 新约四福音书之一: * the Gospel according to St John 约翰福音 * St John's Gospel 约翰福音 * [attrib 作定语] the gospel message, story, etc 福音信息、 故事等. 2 [C usu sing 通常作单数] set of principles 原则; 主义; 信条: * spreading the gospel of hard work 宣传努力工作的原则 * the gospel according to which one lives 生活的准则 * Health of body and mind is my gospel. 保持身心健康是我的信条. 3 [U] (infml 口) the truth (esp of an unlikely story or a rumour) 真事（尤指貌似不实的事或传言）: * Is that gospel? 那是真的吗? * You can take this as absolute gospel, ie should believe it. 你应该相信这是千真万确的. * [attrib 作定语] gospel truth, ie completely reliable 完全可信的事实. 4 [U] religious music of black American origin in a popular or folk style 福音音乐（源於美国黑人歌曲宗教音乐, 有流行歌曲或民歌风格）: * [attrib 作定语] gospel singers 福音歌曲演唱者.

gossamer
[5gCsEmE(r); 5gasEml] n [U] 1 fine silky substance of webs made by small spiders, floating in calm air or spread over grass, etc 蛛丝; 游丝. 2 (fig esp rhet 比喻, 尤作修辞) soft light delicate material 轻而软的精细材料: * a veil spun of the finest gossamer 精纺的面纱 * [attrib 作定语] the gossamer wings of a fly 薄如轻纱的蝇翅.

gossip
[5gCsip; 5gasEp] n 1 [U] (derog 贬) casual talk about the affairs of other people, typically including rumour and critical comments 闲言碎语; 流言蜚语: * Don't believe all the gossip you hear. 那些道听途说的话 不可尽信. * She's too fond of idle gossip. 她太爱听飞短流长的话了. * It's common gossip that they're having an affair, ie Everyone is saying so. 大家都说他们之间关系暧昧. 2 [U] (often derog 常作贬义) informal writing about people and social events, eg in letters or newspapers 随笔; 漫谈: * [attrib 作定语] the gossip column, ie of a newspaper 漫谈专栏（报纸上的） * a gossip columnist/writer, ie a writer of such material 写漫谈专栏的作家. 3 [C] conversation including gossip 闲言闲语的谈话: * have a good gossip with a friend, neighbour, etc 和朋友、 邻居等聊闲天. 4 [C] (derog or joc 贬或谑) person fond of gossip 爱传播流言蜚语的人: * You're nothing but an old gossip! 你这个专门搬弄是非的老家伙! 派生： gossip v [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb) (about sth) talk gossip 传播流言蜚语; 说长道短: I can't stand here gossiping all day. 我可不能整天站在这里闲聊下去. =>Usage at talk1 用法见talk1. gossipy[5gCsipi; 5gasEpi] adj: * a gossipy letter 聊闲天的信.

got
pt, pp of get.

Gothic
[5gCWik; 5gaWik] adj 1 of the Goths (Germanic people who invaded the Roman Empire) 哥特人的, 哥特族的（指曾入侵罗马帝国的一支日耳曼民族）. 2 (architecture 建) of or in a style common in W Europe from the 12th to the 16th centuries and characterized by pointed arches, arched roofs, tall thin pillars, etc 哥特式建 的（12至16世纪流行於西欧的建 风格, 以尖拱、 拱顶、 细长柱等为特点）: * a Gothic church, cathedral, arch, window 哥特式教堂、 大教堂、 拱门、 窗户. 3 of or in an 18th-century style of literature which described romantic adventures in mysterious or frightening settings 哥特派的, 哥特风格的（18世纪的一种文学风格, 通常描述有神秘或恐怖气氛的爱情故事）: * Gothic novels, horror 哥特式的小说、 恐怖. 4 (of printing type) with pointed letters made up of thick lines and sharp angles, as formerly used for German （指字体）哥特字体的: * Gothic lettering, type, etc 哥特字体的字、 字体等. 派生： Gothic n [U] (a) Gothic language 哥特语. (b) Gothic type 哥特字体: printed in Gothic 用哥特字体印刷的.

gotta
[5gCtE; 5gatE] (infml 口 esp US) (have) got to 必须; 只好: * I gotta/I've gotta go. 我得走了.

gotten
(US) pp of get.

gouache
[5gua:F; gu'aF] n [U] type of thick watercolour paint; method of painting pictures using this material 水粉画; 水粉画法.

Gouda
[5gaudE; - also 'gu:dE; 5gaudE, 'gudE] n [U] type of mild-flavoured Dutch cheese 豪达乾酪（一种淡味的荷兰乾酪）.

gouge
[gaudV; gaudV] n tool with a sharp semicircular edge for cutting grooves in wood 半圆凿; 弧口凿. 派生： gouge v (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in sth) make (a hole) in sth roughly or destructively 在某物上胡乱地或破坏性地凿（洞）: A maniac had gouged several holes in the priceless painting. 有个狂徒在那幅价值连城的画上乱凿了几个洞. (b) (phr v) gouge sth out remove sth by digging into a surface with a sharp tool, one's fingers, etc （用利器或手指等在物体表面上抠、 挖、 掘等）除去某物: gouge out a narrow groove 凿出窄槽 * gouge out a stone from a horseshoe 从马掌中抠中石块 * gouge sb's eyes out 挖出某人的眼睛.

goulash
[5gu:lAF; 5gulAF] n [C, U] dish of Hungarian origin consisting of stewed beef seasoned with paprika 匈牙利红烩牛肉.

gourd
[guEd; gurd] n 1 (large hard-skinned fleshy fruit of a) type of climbing or trailing plant 葫芦科植物; 葫芦. 2 bottle or bowl consisting of the dried skin of this fruit （用葫芦果壳制的）罐或瓢: * a wine gourd 酒葫芦.

gourmand
[5guEmEnd; 5gurmEnd] n (often derog 常作贬义) lover of food; glutton 喜欢吃喝的人; 贪吃的人.

gourmet
[5guEmei; 5gurme] n person who enjoys and is expert in the choice of fine food, wines, etc 美食家; 美酒美食专家: * [attrib 作定语] gourmet restaurants, ie serving fine food 菜肴精美的餐馆.

gout
[gaut; gaut] n [U] disease causing painful swellings in joints, esp toes, knees and fingers 痛风. 派生： gouty adj suffering from gout 患痛风病的.

Gov
abbr 缩写 = 1 Governor: Gov (Stephen) King （史蒂芬．）金总督. 2 (also Govt) Government 政府; 内阁.

govern
[5gQvn; 5gQvln] v 1 [I, Tn] rule (a country, etc); control or direct the public affairs of (a city, country, etc) 统治（国家等）; 控制, 支配, 治理, 管辖（城市、 国家等）的公共事务: * In Britain the Queen reigns, but elected representatives of the people govern the country. 在英国, 女王是君主而治理国家的却是民选的代表. 2 [Tn] prevent the expression of (a strong emotion); control 抑制, 控制（强烈感情）的表露: * govern one's feelings, passion, temper, etc 控制住感情、 激情、 脾气等. 3 [Tn] influence (sth/sb) decisively; determine 支配某事物[某人]; 决定: * Self-interest governs all his actions. 他的所作所为皆取决於一己之利. * The law of supply and demand governs the prices of goods. 供求规律决定商品的价格. * I will be governed by you, ie will do as you suggest. 我愿秉承您的意旨. 4 [Tn] (grammar) (esp of a v or prep) require the object to be in (a particular grammatical case) （尤指动词或介词）要求宾语处於（语法上的某格）: * In Latin, several verbs govern the dative. 在拉丁语中, 有些动词要求与格的宾语. 派生： governing[5gQvEniN; 5gQvlniN] adj [attrib 作定语] having the power or right to govern 有统治、 控制或治理权力的: * the governing body of a school, college, etc 学校、 学院等的行政部门.

governance
[5gQvEnEns; 5gQvlnEns] n [U] (fml or rhet 文或修辞) governing; government(1) 统治; 控制; 支配; 治理: * the governance of Britain 对英国的统治.

governess
[5gQvEnis; 5gQvlnis] n (esp formerly) woman employed to teach young children in their home (usu living as a member of the household) （尤指旧时）家庭女教师（通常似家庭成员般一起生活）: * act, serve as (a) governess to a family 给一家庭当、 作家庭女教师.

government
[5gQvEnmEnt; 5gQvlnmEnt] n 1 [U] governing; power to govern 统治; 控制; 支配; 统治权: * If we do not have strong government, there will be rioting and anarchy. 我们若不加强控制就会出现动乱和无政府状态. * weak, ineffectual, corrupt, etc government 软弱的、 无能的、 腐败的...治理. 2 [U] method or system ofgoverning （统治或治理的）方式, 政体, 体制: * Democraticgovernment gradually took the place of an all-powerful monarchy. 民主政体逐渐取代了有无上权力的君主政体. * liberal, totalitarian, parliamentary, etc government 自由主义的、 极权主义的、 议会式的...政体. 3 (often 常作 the Government) [CGp] body of persons governing a state 政府; 内阁: * lead, form a government 领导、 组织政府 * Foreign governments have been consulted about this decision. 这一决定曾徵询过他国政府的意见. * She has resigned from the Government, ie from her job as a minister. 她已辞去大臣职位. * The Government (ie its members) are discussing the proposal. 内阁官员正在讨论该议案. * The Government (ie collectively) welcomes the proposal. 政府欢迎该建议. * [attrib 作定语] a government department, grant, publication 政府的部门、 拨款、 出版物 * government policies, money, ministers 政府的政策、 国帑、 部长 * government-controlled industries,ie those controlled by the government 政府控制的企业. 4 (idm 习语) in government being the government; governing 执政; 统治; 治理: * The Labour Party was in government from 1964 to 1970. 工党从1964年到1970年执政. 派生： governmental[7gQvn'mentl; 7gQvln'mentl] adj of or connected with government 政府的; 与政府有关的: * governmental institutions 政府机构. 复合： ,Government `House official residence of the Governor (of a province, etc) 州长的或省长等的官邸.

governor
[5gQvEnE(r); 5gQvEnl] n 1 (a) person appointed to govern a province or state (esp a colony abroad) 省长; 州长; （尤指海外殖民地的）总督: * a provincial governor 省长. (b) elected head of each state in the USA （美国的）州长: * the Governor of New York State 纽约州州长. 2 (a) head of an institution 机构首脑: * a prison governor 监狱长 * the governor of the Bankof England 英格兰银行总裁. (b) member of a governing body 行政机构的成员: * the board of governors of a school, college, hospital, etc 学校、 学院、 医院等的董事会. 3 (Brit infml 口) (a) (also guvnor[5gQvnE(r); 5gQv-nl] ) person having power or authority over the speaker, eg an employer or a father 顶头上司（如雇主或父亲）:I shall have to ask permission from the/my governor. 我需求得顶头上司的允许. (b) (also guv/gQv; gQv] , guvnor) (used by a man when addressing another man, esp one of higher social status 用作男子对男子的称谓, 尤用於社会地位比自己高的人): * Can I see your ticket, guvnor? 先生, 我能看看您的票吗? 4 (engineering 工) mechanism that controls automatically the speed, temperature, etc of a machine 机器上自动调速、 调温等装置. 复合： ,Governor-`General n official representative of the Crown, in a Commonwealth country （英联邦国家的）总督（英王的官方代表）: the Governor-General of Canada 加拿大总督.

Govt
abbr 缩写 = Gov 2.

gown
[gaun; gaun] n 1 woman's dress, esp a long one for special occasions 女服（尤指於特殊场合穿的长服）: * a `ball-gown 舞会长服 * [attrib 作定语] a gown shop 女礼服商店. 2 loose flowing robe worn to indicate profession or status (eg by a judge, lawyer, teacher, member of a university) （表示职业或地位的）长服（如法官、 律师、 教师、 大学成员所穿的）: * a BA gown 学士服. 3 garment worn over clothes to protect them, eg by a surgeon 罩衣（如外科医生穿的）. 派生： gowned/gaund; gaund] adj wearing a (legal or academic) gown 穿着（法律界或学术界的）长服的.

GP
[7dVi: 'pi:; 7dVi 'pi] abbr 缩写 = general practitioner: * consult your local GP 请教你当地的全科医生.

GPO
[7dVi: pi: 'Eu; 7dVi pi 'o] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) General Post Office: * The GPO is very busy at Christmas. 圣诞节时邮政总局十分繁忙.

GR
abbr 缩写 = (eg on coins) King George (Latin Georgius Rex) （如铸於硬币上的）乔治王（源自拉丁文Georgius Rex）. Cf 参看 ER.

grab
[grAb; grAb] v (-bb-) 1 (a) [I, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sb/sth) grasp sth suddenly or roughly; snatch sth selfishly or rudely 抢; 抓; 抢夺; 攫取: * Don't grab! 不要抢! * He grabbed my collar and pulled me towards him. 他抓住我的领子把我拉到他面前. * He just grabbed the bag from my hand and ran off. 他抢走我手中的提包就跑了. (b) [Tn] (fig 比喻) take (an opportunity, etc) eagerly 热切地抓住（机会等）: * When I gave him the chance, he grabbed it at once. 我给他这一机会, 他立刻抓住不放. 2 [Ipr] ~ at sb/sth (attempt to) seize sb/sth eagerly or desperately 热切地或拚命地（企图）抓住或捉住某人[某事物]: * He grabbed at the boy, but could not save him from falling. 他想抓住那男孩儿, 然而那孩子还是跌倒了. * (fig 比喻) grabbing at any excuse to avoid an unpleasant task 胡乱找个藉口以逃避不喜欢的任务. 3 [Tn] (infml joc 口, 谑) have or take (sth) esp in a casual or hasty manner 取或拿（某物）（尤指随便地或匆匆地）: * Grab a seat and make yourself at home. 随便找个地方坐, 别客气. * Let's grab a quick sandwich and watch TV. 咱们赶快吃个叁明治就去看电视吧. 4 [Tn] (sl 俚) impress (sb); excite 给（某人）留下深刻的印象; 使激动或兴奋: * `How does this music grab you?’ `It doesn't grab me at all.’ ‘这音乐你喜欢吗?’‘一点都不喜欢.’ 派生： grab n 1 [sing] sudden (attempt to) snatch 猛然（去）抓: make a grab at sth 猛地去抓某物. 2 [C] (engineering 工) mechanical device for picking up and holding sth to be lifted or moved 抓具; 抓斗. 3 (idm 习语) up for `grabs (US infml 口) available for anyone to take 任何人皆可得到的: The job is up for grabs. Why don't you apply now? 那工作谁都可以争取. 你怎麽不现在就申请呢? grabber n selfish person always trying to get things for himself 贪得无厌的人.

grace
[greis; gres] n 1 [U] quality of simple elegant beauty (esp in smoothly controlled movement) 优美（尤指动作顺畅协调）: * the grace with which a ballerina leaps into the air 芭蕾舞女演员腾空起舞的优美姿势. 2 [U] God's mercy and favour towards mankind; influence and result of this 上帝对人类的慈悲和恩典; 天恩的应验: * By the grace of God their lives were spared. 蒙上帝恩宠, 他们免於一死. * Did he die in a state of grace? ie strengthened and inspired by God, esp after having been pardoned and given the Sacraments. 他临终是否曾蒙主感召?（尤指受到宽恕後行圣礼） * (saying 谚) There, but for the grace of God, go I/we, ie sth equally bad might have happened to me/us. 你瞧, 若非天恩眷顾, 我[我们]也难幸免. 3 [U] extra time allowed to renew a licence, pay an insurance premium, etc after the day when it is due 宽限; 缓期: * have a couple of days' grace 有一两天的宽限期 * Payment is due today, but I gave her a week's grace, ie an extra week to pay. 今天付款到期, 但我给了她一个星期的宽限. 4 [U] favour; goodwill 恩惠; 善意: * He had been the king's favourite, and his sudden fall from grace surprised everyone. 他本是国王的幸臣, 一朝失宠众人无不感到意外. * an act of grace, ie freely given, not taken as a right 恩惠（迳自施予的, 并非受者有此权利）. 5 [C usu pl 通常作复数] pleasing accomplishment 风度; 魅力; 长处; 才艺: * well-versed in the social graces 社交风度潇 的. 6 [U, C] short prayer of thanks before or after a meal （饭前或饭後的）谢恩祈祷: * Father said (a) grace. 父亲做了饭前谢恩祈祷. 7 His/Her/Your Grace [C] (used as a title when speaking to or of an archbishop, a duke or a duchess 用作称呼或提及大主教、 公爵、 公爵夫人、 女公爵的尊称): * Good morning, Your Grace! 大人, 早上好! * Their Graces, the Duke and Duchess of Kent 肯特公爵及公爵夫人阁下.

grace1
8 the Graces [pl] (in Greek myth) three beautiful sister goddesses who gave beauty, charm and happiness to humans （希腊神话中）美惠叁女神（赐予人类美丽、 魅力和快乐者）. 9 (idm 习语) airs and graces => air1. have the grace to do sth be polite enough to do sth 出於礼貌而做某事: * He might have had the grace to say he was sorry! 他本可以出於礼貌说声抱歉的嘛! in sb's good `graces approved of and favoured by sb 为某人赞同和喜爱: * I'm not in her good graces at the moment. 我此刻尚未讨得她的欢心. a saving grace => save1. with (a) bad/good `grace reluctantly and rudely/willingly and cheerfully 勉强而粗鲁地[欣然而情愿地]: * She apologized with (a) bad grace. 她很勉强地道了歉. * They withdrew their objections with as good a grace as they could manage. 他们极力装出情愿的样子撤回了反对意见. year of grace => year. 派生： grace v 1 [Tn] decorate or adorn (sth) 修饰或装扮（某物）: Fine paintings graced the walls of the room. 这些精美的绘画使四壁生辉. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (with sth) give honour or dignity to sb/sth 给某人[某事物]以荣耀或光彩: The Queen is gracing us with her presence. 女王莅临使我们不胜荣幸. * The occasion was graced by the presence of the Queen. 女王驾临使场面增辉.

graceful
[5greisfl; 5gresfEl] adj 1 showing a pleasing beauty of form, movement or manner （形式、 动作或举止）优雅的, 优美的: * a graceful dancer 绰约多姿的跳舞者 * a graceful leap 优美的跳跃 * the graceful curves of the new bridge 新桥的美丽曲线. 2 pleasing in both style and attitude; polite and considerate 得体的; 礼貌而周到的: * His refusal was worded in such a graceful way that we could not be offended. 他婉言谢绝, 无损於我们颜面. > gracefully[-fEli; -fEli] adv.

graceless
[5greislis; 5greslis] adj 1 without grace or elegance 不优美的; 不文雅的: * a room cluttered with ugly graceless furniture 零乱地摆着丑陋不雅的家具的房间.2 ungracious; rude 不雅观的; 粗鲁的: * graceless behaviour不雅的举止 * a graceless remark, refusal, etc 无礼的言词、 拒绝等. > gracelessly adv. gracelessnessn [U].

gracious
[5greiFEs; 5greFEs] adj 1 ~ (to sb) (of persons and behaviour) kind, polite and generous (esp to sb who is socially inferior) （指人及其行为）和善的, 有礼貌的, 大方的, （尤指）礼贤下士的: * a gracious lady, hostess, etc 落落大方的女士, 女主人等 * a gracious manner, reply, invitation, smile 殷勤的态度、 回覆、 邀请、 微笑 * He was most gracious to everyone, smiling and thanking them. 他对大家彬彬有礼, 向他们微笑、 道谢. * It was gracious of the Queen to speak to the elderly patients. 女王和蔼可亲地慰问年老的病人. 2 [attrib 作定语] (fml 文) (used as a polite term for royal people or their acts 用作对皇族及其行为的敬语): * her gracious Majesty the Queen 女王陛下 * by gracious permission of Her Majesty 蒙女王陛下恩准. 3 ~ (to sb) (of God) merciful （指上帝）仁慈的: * He is kind and gracious to all sinners who repent. 他对忏悔的罪人一概慈悲为怀. 4 [usu attrib 通常作定语] marked by luxury, elegance and leisure 奢华的; 优美的; 雍容华贵的: * gracious living 豪华的生活. 5 (dated 旧) (used in exclamations expressing surprise 用於感叹句, 表示惊异): * Good(ness) gracious! 天哪! * Gracious me! 天哪! > graciously adv. graciousness n [U].

gradation
[grE'deiFn; grE'deFEn] n 1 [U, C] gradual change from one thing to another （从一事物到另一事物的）渐变: * Note the subtle gradation of/in colour in this painting. 注意这幅画中色彩的细微变化. 2 [C] any of the stages or steps into which sth is divided （事物划分的）阶段, 等级: * It was hard to understand all the minute gradations of their bureaucracy. 很难弄清楚他们那套官僚体制全部细微的等级分别. 3 [C] mark showing a division on a scale 刻度: * the gradations on a thermometer 温度计上的刻度.

grade
1[greid; gred] n 1 step, stage or degree of rank, quality, etc; level of classification （官阶、 质量等的）等级, 品级; 阶段; 程度: * a person's salary grade, ie level of pay 某人的薪金级别 * [attrib 作定语] high/low-grade civil servants, milk, pigs, materials 等级高[低]的公务员、 奶品、 猪、 材料 * Grade A potatoes are the best in quality. 甲等马铃薯是质量最好的. 2 (a) mark given in an examination or for school work （考试或作业的）分数, 评分等级: * Pupils with 90% or more are awarded Grade A. 满90分的学生评为甲等. * She got excellent grades in her exams. 她考试成绩优异. (b) level of (esp musical) skill at which a pupil is tested （学生受测试的）技巧水平（尤指音乐方面）: * He's got Violin Grade 6, ie has passed a test at that level of skill. 他的小提琴6级考试及格了. 3 (US) division of a school based on the age of the pupils; pupils in such a division 年级; （按年级划分的）小学生: * My son's in the third grade. 我儿子上小学叁年级. 4 (US) = gradient. 5 (idm 习语) make the `grade (infml 口) reach the required or expected standard; succeed 达到要求的或预期的标准; 成功. on the `up/`down grade getting better/worse 逐渐好转[恶化]: * Business is on the up grade. 生意日渐兴隆. 复合： `grade crossing (US) = level crossing (level1). `grade school (US) = primary school (primary). `grade teacher (US) teacher in a grade school 小学教师.

gradient
[5greidiEnt; 5grediEnt] n degree of slope, as on a road, railway, etc （公路, 铁路等的）坡度, 斜率: * a steep gradient 陡峭的坡度 * a hill with a gradient of 1 in 4 (or 25%) 坡度为1:4（或25%）的山岗.

gradual
[5grAdVuEl; 5grAdVuEl] adj (a) taking place by a series of small changes over a long period; not sudden 逐渐的; 渐变的: * gradual decline, progress, etc 逐渐的衰落、 进步等 * a gradual increase, decrease, recovery 逐渐的增加、 减少、 恢复. (b) (of a slope) not steep （指斜坡）不陡峭的, 和缓的: * a gradual rise, fall, incline, etc 渐起、 渐落、 渐降. 派生： gradually[-dVuli; -dVuli] adv in a gradual way; by degrees 逐渐地; 逐步地: * Things gradually improved. 情况已逐渐改善. gradualness n [U].

graduate
1[5grAdVuEt; 5grAdVuit] n 1 ~ (in sth) person who holds a degree (esp the first or bachelor's) from a university or polytechnic 有学位（尤指学士学位）的人; 大学毕业生: * a graduate in law, history, etc 法律学、 历史学等学士 * a law graduate 法律系毕业生 * a graduate of Oxford/an Oxford graduate 牛津大学毕业生 * [attrib 作定语] a graduate student, ie one studying for a master's or doctor's degree 研究生. Cf 参看 postgraduate, undergraduate. 2 (US) person who has completed a course at an educational institution 毕业生: * a high-school graduate 高中毕业生 * [attrib 作定语] a graduate nurse, ie one from a college of nursing 护士学校毕业的护士.

Graeco-
(also esp US Greco-) comb form 构词成分 Greek; of Greece 希腊的: Graeco-Roman.

graffiti
[grE'fi:ti; grE'fiti] n [pl] drawings or writing on a public wall, usu humorous, obscene or political （在公共墙壁上涂写的）图画或文字（通常含幽默、 猥亵或政治内容）.

graft
1[gra:ft; - grAft; grAft] n 1 piece cut from a living plant and fixed in a cut made in another plant, to form a new growth; process or result of doing this 接穗; 嫁接: * A healthy shoot should form a strong graft. 健康的嫩枝可作强壮的接穗. 2 (medical 医) piece of skin, bone, etc removed from a living body and attached to another body or another part of the same body, usu to replace unhealthy or damaged tissue; process or result of doing this （皮肤、 骨骼等的）移植物, 移植: * a `skin graft 移植的皮肤. 派生： graft v [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth onto sth; ~ sth in/on attach sth as a graft （将某物作为移植物）移植, 嫁接: graft one variety of apple onto another 把一种苹果树嫁接到另一种苹果树上 * New skin had to be grafted on. 需移植新皮肤. * (fig 比喻) trying to graft some innovations onto an outdated system 试将某些改革引进到一落伍的体制中.

grail
[greil; grel] n (usu 通常作 the Holy Grail) plate or cup used by Jesus at the Last Supper, in which one of his followers is said to have received drops of his blood at the Crucifixion 圣盘, 圣杯（耶稣在最後的晚餐所用的, 据称在耶稣被钉於十字架上时其门徒曾用以承接耶稣的血滴）.

grain
[grein; gren] n 1 [U] (esp commerce 尤用於商业) small hard seeds of food plants such as wheat, rice, etc 谷物: * [attrib 作定语] America's grain exports 美国的谷物出口. 2 [C] single seed of such a plant 谷粒: * a few grains of rice in a bowl 碗中的几颗米粒. =>illus at cereal 见cereal插图. 3 [C] tiny hard bit 小的硬粒: * a grain of sand, gold, etc 沙粒、 金粒. 4 [C] smallest unit of weight in various measuring systems, -1-7000 lb or 0.065 gm 格令（重量的最小单位, 等於-1-7000磅或0.065克）: * The analysis showed a few grains of arsenic in the solution. 分析显示溶液中有几格令的砷. =>App 5 见附录5. 5 [C] (fig 比喻) very small amount 少量; 微量: * There isn't a grain of (ie any) truth in it. 那事无丝毫真实性. 6 [U] (a) (surface) texture produced by particles （微粒形成的）质地（表面）: * a stone of fine/medium/coarse grain, ie containing small/medium/large particles 质地细的[不粗不细的/粗的]石头. (b) pattern made by the lines of fibres in wood, or of layers in rock, coal, etc （木、 石、 煤等的）纹理: * cut a piece of wood along/across the grain 把木头顺着木纹[对着横纹]截断. =>illus 见插图. (c) rough appearance of a photographic print, as if made up of small particles of light and dark （照片的）颗粒. 7 (idm 习语) (be/go) against the `grain (be) contrary to one's nature or inclination 与自己的性格、 意愿格格不入: * It really goes against the grain to have to go into the office at weekends, ie I do not like it. 我真不愿意周末还要上班. 派生： -grained (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having a grain(3,6) of the specified kind 有某种硬粒[颗粒/质地/纹理]的: coarse-grained * fine-grained. grainy adj (esp of a photograph) having a noticeable grain(6) （尤指照片）有明显颗粒的.

gram
(also gramme)[grAm; grAm] n (abbr 缩写 g) metric unit of weight 克（重量单位）. =>App 5 见附录5.

grammar
[5grAmE(r); 5grAml] n 1 [U] (study or science of) rules for forming words and combining them into sentences 语法; 语法学: * a good understanding of grammar 精通语法 * the rules of English grammar 英语语法规则 * transformational grammar 转换语法. Cf 参看 morphology, syntax. 2 [C] book containing a description of such rules for a particular language 语法书: * I'm writing a grammar of modern English. 我在写现代英语的语法书. * I want to buy a French grammar. 我想买法语语法书. 3 [U] person's knowledge and use of a language 个人对一种语言的掌握: * I'm trying to improve my grammar. 我在努力提高语言能力. * use bad grammar 遣词造句不当 * (infml 口) Is that grammar (ie correct usage)? 这词语通吗? 派生： grammarian/grE'meEriEn; grE'meriEn] n expert in grammar 语法学家. 复合： `grammar school 1 type of secondary school which provides academic (contrasted with technical) courses 文法学校（教授文化课程而非技术课程者）. 2 (US) = primary school (primary).

grammatical
[grE'mAtikl; grE'mAtikl] adj of, about or in accordance with the rules of grammar 语法的; 符合语法规则的: * a grammatical treatise 语法论文 * a grammatical error 语法错误 * That sentence is not grammatical. 那个句子语法不通. > grammatically[-klI; -klI/ adv: * grammatically irregular 语法上不规则的.

gramme
[grAm; grAm] n = gram.

gramophone
[5grAmEfEun; 5grAmE7fon] n (dated 旧) = record-player (record1): * [attrib 作定语] a gramophone record 唱片.

grampus
[5grAmpEs; 5grAmpEs] n 1 large dolphin-like sea animal 逆戟鲸. 2 (infml 口) person who breathes noisily 呼吸声粗重的人.

gran
[grAn; grAn] n (Brit infml 口) grandmother 祖母; 外祖母; 奶奶; 姥姥.

granary
[5grAnEri; 5grAnEri] n 1 building where grain is stored 谷仓; 粮仓: * (fig 比喻) The Mid-West is America's granary, ie region producing much wheat, corn, etc. 美国的中西部地区是个粮仓. 2 [attrib 作定语] (Brit) (of bread) containing whole grains of wheat （指面包）全麦的: * a granary loaf 全麦的面包.

grand
[grAnd; grAnd] adj (-er, -est) 1 magnificent; splendid; big; of great importance (also in names of places, buildings, etc) 宏伟的; 壮丽的; 大的; 伟大的; 重大的（也用於地名、 建 物名等）: * We dined in grand style. 我们的宴会非常隆重. * It's not a very grand house, just a little cottage. 那不是深宅大院, 只不过是个小农舍. * a grand occasion, procession 盛大的场面、 浩浩荡荡的队伍 * make a grand entry/exit, eg on the stage, in a way that attracts the attention of everyone 隆重登场[退场]（如在舞台上） * the Grand Canyon 科罗拉多大峡谷 * The Grand Hotel 大旅馆. 2 (usu derog 通常作贬义) dignified; imposing; proud; self-important 尊严的; 威严的; 骄傲的; 自负的: * put on a grand air/manner, ie pretend to be important 摆出一副了不起的样子[架势] * make a grand gesture, ie a generous act intended to make a great impression 故作豪爽的举动（旨在给人以好印象） * She loves to play the grand lady. 她喜爱装扮贵妇人. 3 (dated infml or Irish 旧, 口或爱尔兰) very fine; excellent 极好的; 美妙的: * It's grand weather! 天气真好! * It's a grand day today! 今天是个好天! * I feel grand, ie very well. 我觉得好极了. * have a grand (ie very enjoyable) time 过得很愉快 * You've done a grand job. 你干得很出色. 4 Grand [attrib 作定语] (used in the title of very high-ranking people 用作对官阶很高的人的尊称): * The Grand Vizier 大维齐（穆斯林国家旧时的首席大臣）. 5 (idm 习语) a/the ,grand old `man (of sth) man long and highly respected in a particular field 元老, 老前辈（某一领域中长期备受尊敬的人）: * the grand old man of the English theatre 英国戏剧泰斗. 派生： grand n 1 (pl unchanged 复数不变) (sl 俚) $1000; 1000 1000美元; 1000英镑: It'll cost you 50 grand! 那要5万元! 2 grand piano 大钢琴; 平台式钢琴: a concert grand 音乐会用的大钢琴.

grand-dad
(also grandad)[5grAndAd; 5grAn7dAd] n (Brit infml 口) = grandfather (grand-).

grand1
grandly adv: live rather grandly 生活相当豪华 * gesture grandly 做出大动作的手势. grandness n [U]. 复合： ,grand `duke hereditary ruler of various European countries 大公（欧洲各国的世袭统治者）. ,grand fi`nale/fi'na:li; fi'nali] last part of a theatrical or similar performance, in which all the performers reassemble on stage （戏剧之类演出的）终场（演员全部再次登台）. ,grand `jury (in the US) jury that has to decide whether there is enough evidence against an accused person for him to be tried （美国的）大陪审团. `grand master 1 chess champion 国际象棋大师. 2 `Grand Master head of an order of knighthood, group of Freemasons, etc （骑士团或共济会等的）大头领. the ,Grand `National annual horse-race at Liverpool, England, with high fences to jump （在英国利物浦举行一年一度的）越野障碍赛马. ,grand `opera opera in which there are no spoken parts, everything being sung 大歌剧（全部为演唱, 无说白者）. ,grand `piano large piano with horizontal strings 大钢琴; 平台式钢琴. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xi. Grand Prix[7gra:n 'pri:; 7gran'pri] (French 法) any of a series of races for the international motor-racing championship 国际汽车大奖赛中的任何一场比赛. ,grand `slam (sport 体) (a) victory in every single part of a contest, or in all the main tournaments in a year 全胜（比赛中每场皆胜或在全年的主要联赛上每战皆胜）. (b) (in cards, esp bridge) winning all 13 tricks in a hand （牌戏中, 尤指桥牌的）大满贯（全赢13墩牌）. `grandstand n large building with rows of seats for spectators at races, sports meetings, etc 大看台. Cf 参看 stand1 7. ,grand `total complete total when other totals have been added together 总计; 共计. ,grand `tour (in former times) tour of the chief towns, countries, etc of Europe, considered as completing the education of a wealthy young person （旧时）（英国富家子弟教育中, 到欧洲大陆观光的）大旅行（为学业的必经阶段）.

grandee
[grAn'di:; grAn'di] n (formerly) Spanish or Portuguese nobleman of high rank （旧时）（西班牙或葡萄牙的）大公.

grandeur
[5grAndVE(r); 5grAndVl] n [U] 1 greatness; magnificence; impressiveness 伟大; 壮丽; 壮观: * the grandeur of the Swiss alps 瑞士阿尔卑斯山的壮丽景色. 2 (idm 习语) delusions of grandeur => delusion.

grandiloquent
[grAn'dilEkwEnt; grAn'dilEkwEnt] adj (fml derog 文, 贬) using or being a pompous style of speech, full of words which ordinary people do not understand 言语夸张的; 卖弄词藻的; 文体浮华而晦涩的: * a grandiloquent speaker, speech 浮夸的演讲人、 演说. > grandiloquence[-Ens; -Ens] n [U].

grandiose
[5grAndiEus; 5grAndi7os] adj (usu derog 通常作贬义) planned on a large scale; (intended to seem) imposing 庞大的; 浮夸的: * a grandiose building, style, etc 华而不实的建 、 风格等 * She had some grandiose (ie overambitious) plan to start up her own company. 她有个野心勃勃的大计画, 想独立创办公司.

grandma
[5grAnma:; 5grAnma] n (infml 口) = grandmother (grand-).

grandpa
[5grAnpa:; 5grAnpa] n (infml 口) = grandfather (grand-).

grange
[greindV; grendV] n country house with farm buildings attached 庄园大宅.

granite
[5grAnit; 5grAnit] n [U] hard, usu grey, stone used for building 花岗岩; 花岗石.

granny
(also grannie)[5grAni; 5grAni] n (infml 口) = grandmother (grand-). 复合： `granny flat (infml 口) flat for an old person, esp in a relative's house 老奶奶套间（供老人住的一套房间, 尤指於亲戚家中者）. `granny knot reef knot (reef) that is incorrectly tied, so that it easily comes undone 反平结（反向打的平结, 易松开）.

grant
[grAa:nt; grAnt] v 1 (a) [Tn, Dn.n] agree to give or allow (what is asked for) 同意给予或允许（所求）: * grant a favour, request, etc 答应帮忙、 请求等 * They granted him permission to go. 他们准许他去. * The minister granted journalists an interview. 部长答应接见记者. (b) [Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) give sth formally or legally 正式或依法给予某物: * These lands were granted to our family in perpetuity. 这些土地依法永远归我们家族所有. * She was granted a pension. 她得到了养老金. 2 [Tn, Tf, Dn.f] (fml 文) agree or admit (that sth is true) 同意或承认（某事属实）: * grant the truth of what sb says 承认某人所说属实 * I grant he's been ill, but that doesn't excuse him. 我承认他是病了, 但是那也不能原谅他. * I grant you she's a clever woman, but I wouldn't want to work for her. 我同意你说的, 她很精明, 可是我不想为她工作. 3 (idm 习语) take sb/sth for `granted be so familiar with sb/sth that one no longer appreciates his/its full value 因熟悉某人[某事物]而觉察不出其真正价值: * He never praises his wife: * he just takes her for granted. 他从不夸妻子, 只是觉得她一切理当如此. take sth for `granted assume sth to be true 认为某事属实: * I take it for granted you have read this book. 我认为你一定读过这本书. 派生： grant n ~ (to do sth/towards sth) thing given for a particular purpose, esp money from the government 授予物; （尤指政府的）拨款: student grants, ie to pay for their education 学生助学金 * award sb a research grant 给某人研究经费 * You can get a grant to repair/towards the repair of your house. 你可以得到补助金来修缮住房. granted adv (used to admit the truth of a statement before introducing a contrary argument 用以肯定某事物属实, 然後提出相反的论据): Granted, it's a splendid car, but have you seen how much it costs! 的确, 那汽车很漂亮, 可你看过价钱了吗?

granular
[5grAnjulE(r); 5grAnjEll] adj 1 like, containing or consisting of small hard pieces 似粒状的; 含颗粒的; 小粒的: * a granular substance 粒状物质. 2 rough to the touch or in appearance 表面粗糙的: * a granular surface, texture, etc 粗糙的表面、 质地等.

granulate
[5grAnjuleit; 5grAnjE7let] v [I, Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (cause sth to) form into grains or have a granular surface or texture （使某物）形成颗粒, 表面呈微粒状或有颗粒状的质地. 复合： ,granulated `sugar sugar in the form of small crystals 砂糖.

granule
[5grAnju:l; 5grAnjul] n small hard piece; small grain(3) 小颗粒; 小硬粒: * instant-coffee granules 速溶咖啡微粒.

grape
[greip; grep] n 1 green or purple berry growing in clusters on vines, used for making wine or eaten as fruit 葡萄: * a bunch of grapes 一串葡萄 * [attrib 作定语] grape juice 葡萄汁. =>illus 见插图. 2 (idm 习语) sour grapes => sour. 复合： `grape-shot n [U] (formerly) cluster of small iron balls fired together from a cannon （旧时）（用炮发射的）葡萄弹. `grape-sugar n [U] dextrose or glucose, a type of sugar found in ripe grapes and other kinds of fruit 葡萄糖. `grape-vine n 1 type of vine on which grapes grow 葡萄藤. =>illus 见插图. 2 (usu 通常作 the grape-vine) [sing] (fig 比喻) means by which news is passed on from person to person, eg in an office, a school or a group of friends 消息的传播途径（如在办公室、 学校、 朋友间）: I heard on the grape-vine that Jill is to be promoted. 我听人说吉尔就要提升了.

grapefruit
[5greipfru:t; 5grep7frut] n (pl unchanged or ~s 复数或不变或作 grapefruits) large round yellow citrus fruit with acid juicy flesh 葡萄柚: * [attrib 作定语] `grapefruit juice 葡萄柚汁.

graph
[gra:f; - grAf; grAf] n (mathematics 数) (diagram consisting of a) line or lines (often curved) showing the variation of two quantities, eg the temperature at each hour 图表; 坐标图; 曲线图: * the rising graph of crime statistics 罪案统计数字上升的曲线图. =>illus at chart 见chart插图. 复合： `graph paper paper with small squares of equal size, used for drawing graphs 方格纸; 坐标纸.

graphic
[5grAfik; 5grAfik] adj 1 [attrib 作定语] of visual symbols (eg lettering, diagrams, drawings) 文字的; 书写的; 图表的; 绘画的: * a graphic artist 书画艺术家 * graphic displays 图表展示 * the graphic arts 书画艺术. 2 (of descriptions) giving one a clear detailed picture in the mind; vivid （指描写）形象的; 生动的: * a graphic account of a battle 对一场战斗的生动记述 * She kept telling us about her operation, in the most graphic detail. 她一直绘声绘色地给我们讲她手术的细节. 派生： graphically[-kli; -kli] adv 1 by writing or diagrams 以书写; 以图表. 2 (fig 比喻) vividly 生动地. graphics n [pl] lettering, drawings, etc 文字; 绘图: computer graphics 计算机制图.

graphite
[5grAfait; 5grAfait] n [U] soft black substance (a form of carbon) used in making lead pencils, in lubrication, and for slowing down neutrons in atomic reactors 石墨.

graphology
[grA'fClEdVi; grA'falEdVi] n [U] scientific study of handwriting, esp to determine the writer's personality 笔体学（尤用以推测书写者的性格）. 派生： graphologist[-dVist; -dVist] n expert in this 笔体学家.

grapnel
[5grApnEl; 5grApnEl] n (nautical 海) 1 (formerly) instrument with hooks for holding an enemy ship in order to climb on board （旧时）多爪钩（用以钩住敌船的工具）. 2 hooked anchor for holding a boat still, esp in a lake, river, etc 多爪锚. =>illus 见插图.

grapple
[5grApl; 5grApl] v [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb/sth) 1 seize (an opponent) firmly and try to fight 扭住（对手）格斗; 扭打: * She grappled with her assailant but he got away. 她与袭击者扭打而他却逃走了. 2 (fig 比喻) work hard to overcome (a difficulty) 努力克服（困难）: * He has been grappling with the problem for a long time. 他长期以来一直努力解决该问题. 复合： `grappling-iron n grapnel 多爪钩; 多爪锚.

grasp
[gra:sp; - grAsp; grAsp] v 1 [Tn] (a) seize (sb/sth) firmly with hand(s), finger(s), teeth, etc 抓住或咬住（某人[某物]）: * She grasped the rope and pulled herself up. 她抓住绳子攀了上去. * He grasped my hand warmly, ie to shake it. 他热情地跟我握手. * He grasped her firmly by the arm. 他紧紧地抓住她的胳膊. (b) (fig 比喻) take advantage of (sth); not lose 利用（某事物）; 抓紧: * grasp an opportunity 抓住机会. 2 [Tn, Tw] understand (sth) fully 全面理解（某事）; 全面领会: * I don't think you've quite grasped the seriousness of the situation. 我认为你对情况的严重性理解得还不透彻. * She never could grasp how to do it. 她始终弄不明白该怎样做. 3 (idm 习语) grasp the `nettle deal with a difficult matter firmly and boldly 坚定果断地处理棘手的事情. 4 (phr v) grasp at sth try to seize sth 尽力抓住某物: * grasp at a swinging rope 尽力抓住摇摆的绳子 * (fig 比喻) grasp at an opportunity 抓住时机. 派生： grasp n (usu sing 通常作单数) 1 (a) hold; grip 抓住; 把握: Take a firm grasp of the handle and pull. 抓住把手用力拉. (b) (fig 比喻) power; control 力量; 权力; 支配; 控制: in the grasp of powerful emotions he could not control 在他难以控制的强烈感情支配下 * They had fled to America, and were beyond the grasp of their enemies. 他们逃到美洲, 摆脱了敌人的控制. 2 understanding 理解; 理解力; 领会; 掌握: difficulties within/beyond sb's grasp 某人能[不能]理解的困难 * She has a good grasp of the subject. 她对该学科有深刻的了解.

grasping
[5gra:spiN; - 'grAspiN; 5grAspiN] adj greedy for money, possessions, etc; avaricious 贪财的; 贪心的; 贪婪的: * a grasping miser, capitalist, etc 贪得无厌的守财奴、 资本家等. > graspingly adv.

grass
1[gra:s; - grAs; grAs] n 1 [U] various kinds of common wild low-growing plants of which the thin green leaves and stalks are eaten by cattle, horses, sheep, etc 草; 牧草: * a blade (ie leaf) of grass 一片草叶 * a meadow covered with/planted with grass 长着[种着]草的草地 * [attrib 作定语] grass seed 草籽 * a grass skirt, ie made of long dried grass, as worn in the S Pacific 草裙（以长乾草制成, 南太平洋地区人穿用）. 2 [C] any species of this plant (including, in botanical use, cereals, reeds and bamboos) 禾本科植物（植物学的用语, 包括谷类、 芦苇、 竹）: * a study of different grasses 对各种草的研究. 3 [U] ground covered with grass; lawn; pasture 草地; 草坪; 牧场: * Don't walk on the grass. 勿踏草坪. * mow the grass 割草 * cattle put out to grass, ie put in a field to eat the grass 在田野里牧放的牛. 4 [U] (sl 俚) marijuana 大麻. 5 [C] (Brit sl usu derog 俚, 通常作贬义) (used by criminals 罪犯用语) person who informs the police of criminal activities and plans 告密者. 6 (idm 习语) the grass is (always) greener on the other `side (of the fence) (saying 谚) (said of people who never seem satisfied and always think that others have a better situation than they have 用以指永不知足的人, 总以为别人的境况比自己的好). (not) let the grass grow under one's feet (not) delay in getting sth done 做事（不）拖拉. put sb out to `grass (infml 口) force sb to retire, esp because of old age 迫使某人退休（尤指因年老）. a snake in the grass => snake. 派生： grassy adj (-ier, -iest) covered with grass 长满草的: a grassy meadow 草地. 复合： grassland[-lnd, -lEnd; -7lAnd] n [U] (also grasslands [pl]) land covered with grass, esp as used for grazing 草原; 草地; （尤指）草场. ,grass `roots (esp politics 尤用於政治) ordinary people in society, as opposed to those who make decisions 平民百姓（与决策者相对）: We must not forget about the grass roots. 我们绝不能忘记民众.

grass1
* dissatisfaction at the grass roots 群众的不满 * [attrib 作定语] grass-roots opposition to the party's policy 民间对那政党的政策的抗拒. `grass snake small harmless type of snake 游蛇（无毒小蛇）. ,grass `widow (often joc 常作戏谑语) woman whose husband is temporarily absent 与丈夫暂时分开的女人.

grasshopper
[5gra:shCpE(r); - 'grAs-; 5grAs7hapl] n 1 jumping insect that makes a shrill chirping noise 蝗虫; 蚂蚱; 蚱蜢. 2 (idm 习语) knee-high to a grasshopper => knee-high (knee).

grate
1[greit; gret] n (metal frame for holding coal, etc in a) fireplace 壁炉; 炉条; 炉箅子.

grateful
[5greitfl; 5gretfEl] adj 1 ~ (to sb) (for sth); ~ (that...) feeling or showing appreciation for sth good done to one, for sth fortunate that happens, etc; thankful 感激的; 感谢的: * I am grateful to you for your help. 我感谢你的帮助. * I was grateful that they didn't ask me. 我感到庆幸的是他们没有问我. 2 (dated 旧) pleasant; agreeable; comforting 令人愉快的; 宜人的; 使人感到舒服的: * trees that afford a grateful shade 遮荫凉的树木. 3 (idm 习语) be grateful/thankful for small mercies => small. 派生： gratefully[-fEli; -fEli] adv in a thankful manner 感激地; 感谢地: * I offered help, and she accepted gratefully. 我主动提出帮助, 她十分领情.

gratify
[5grAtifai; 5grAtE7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) (fml 文) 1 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] give pleasure or satisfaction to (sb) 使（某人）高兴或满意: * I was most gratified at/by/with the outcome of the meeting. 我对会议的结果感到极其满意. * It gratified me to hear of your success. 获悉你取得成功我甚感欣慰. * I was gratified that they appreciated what I did for them. 使我感到欣慰的是, 我为他们做的事他们很领情. 2 [Tn] give (sb) what is desired; indulge 满足（某人）所欲; 纵容: * gratify a person's whims 满足一人的奇想 * To gratify my curiosity, do tell me what it is. 为满足我的好奇心, 你一定得告诉我那是什麽. 派生： gratification[7grAtifi'keiFn; 7grAtEfE'keFEn] n (fml 文) 1 [U] gratifying or being gratified; state of being pleased or satisfied 喜悦; 满意; 满足: * the gratification of knowing one's plans have succeeded 得知计画实现後的喜悦 * sexual gratification 性满足. 2 [C] thing that gives one pleasure or satisfaction 令人高兴或满意的事物: * one of the few gratifications of an otherwise boring job 枯燥的工作中少有的一项乐趣. gratifying adj ~ (to do sth/that...) (fml 文) pleasing; satisfying 令人高兴的; 令人满意的: It is gratifying to see one's efforts rewarded. 看到自己的努力有所收获是令人高兴的. gratifyingly adv.

grating
[5greitiN; 5gretiN] n framework of wooden or metal bars, either parallel or crossing one another, placed across an opening, eg a window, to prevent people or animals from climbing through or to allow air to flow easily 格栅; 栅栏; 格子.

gratis
[5greitis; 5gretis] adv without payment; free 不付款地; 免费地: * be admitted to the exhibition gratis 免费参观展览.

gratitude
[5grAtitju:d; - -tu:d; 5grAtE7tud] n [U] ~ (to sb) (for sth) being grateful; thankfulness 感激; 感谢: * She felt eternal gratitude to him for saving her life. 她终生感激他的救命之恩. * I owe you a debt of gratitude for what you've done. 对你所做的事, 我欠你一份人情债.

gratuitous
[grE'tju:itEs; - -'tu:-; grE'tuEtEs] adj (fml derog 文, 贬) done, given or acting unnecessarily, purposely and without good reason 无必要的; 故意的; 无正当理由的: * a gratuitous insult 无端的侮辱 * a gratuitous lie/liar 胡诌[胡诌的人] * scenes of gratuitous violence on TV 电视节目中多此一举的暴力场面. > gratuitously adv. gratuitousness n [U].

gratuity
[grE'tju:Eti; - -'tu:-; grE'tuEti] n 1 (fml 文) money given to sb who has done one a service; tip 报酬; 小帐; 小费. 2 (Brit) money given to a retiring employee 养老金; 退休金.

grave
1[greiv; grev] adj (-r, -st) 1 (fml 文) (of situations, etc) needing careful consideration; serious （指情况等）需认真考虑的, 严重的, 严峻的: * This could have grave consequences. 这会造成严重後果. * grave news, danger, etc 重要的新闻、 严重的危险 * There is a grave risk of flooding. 有闹水灾的极大危险. * a sick person in a grave condition 危重病人 * a situation that is graver/more grave than expected 超出预料的严峻形势 * a grave mistake, error, etc 严重的错误、 过失等. 2 (of people) serious or solemn in manner （指人）严肃的, 一本正经的: * He looked grave. `Is there anything wrong?’ I asked. 他表情严肃. ‘是出事了吗?’我问. > gravely adv: * gravely ill 病情严重 * If you think that, you are gravely mistaken. 你若是那样想, 就大错特错了.

gravel
[5grAvl; 5grAvl] n [U] small stones, as used to make the surface of roads and paths 砾石; 石子; 沙砾: * a load of gravel 一车砾石 * [attrib 作定语] a gravel path 石子路 * a gravel pit, ie from which gravel is dug 砾石采掘场. 派生： gravel v (-ll-; US also -l-) [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] cover (sth) with gravel 用砾石铺（某物）: gravel a road 以石子铺路 * a gravelled path 砾石铺成的小路. gravelly[5grAvEli; 5grAvEli] adj 1 (full) of gravel （多）砂砾的: * This gravelly soil is well drained and good for growing root crops. 这沙土地利於排水, 适於种植块根作物. 2 (fig esp approv 比喻, 尤作褒义) (of a voice) deep and rough （指声音）低沉而沙哑的.

graven
[5greivn; 5grevEn] adj [pred 作表语] ~ (in/on sth) (arch 古) carved 雕刻: * (fig 比喻) graven on (ie permanently fixed in) my memory 铭刻在我心中. 复合： ,graven `image (Bible 圣经) idol 雕像; 偶像.

graving dock
[5greiviN dCk; 5greviN dak] n dry dock in which the outside of a ship's hull may be cleaned 乾船坞（清理船外壳的场所）.

gravitate
[5grAviteit; 5grAvE7tet] v [Ipr] ~ towards/to sb/sth move towards or be attracted to sb/sth, gradually and irresistibly; turn to sb/sth （逐渐地、 不由自主地）移向某人[某事物], 受某人[某事物]吸引; 转向某人[某事物]: * When this beautiful girl arrived, all the men in the room gravitated towards her. 这美貌的姑娘一到, 全屋的男人都让她吸引住了. * The conversation gravitated to sport. 谈话的内容转到了运动方面. 派生： gravitation[7grAvi'teiFn; 7grAvE'teFEn] n [U] force of attraction; gravity(1) 吸引力; 万有引力; 地心引力: * effects of gravitation on bodies in space 太空中万有引力对星体的影响. gravitational[-FEnEl; -FEnEl] adj: * a gravitational field 引力场.

gravity
[5grAvEti; 5grAvEti] n [U] 1 force that attracts objects in space towards each other, and on the earth pulls them towards the centre of the planet, so that things fall to the ground when dropped 万有引力; 地心引力; 重力. 2 (a) importance (of a worrying kind); seriousness （令人忧虑的）重要性; 严重性: * I don't think you realize the gravity of the situation. 我认为你没有意识到局势的严重. * For an offence of this gravity, imprisonment is the usual punishment. 对这种重大罪行通常处以监禁. * news of considerable, unusual, etc gravity 相当重要、 非常重要等的新闻. (b) solemnity 严 肃; 庄严: * behave with due gravity in a court of law, at a funeral, etc 在法庭、 葬礼等场合表现应有的庄重态度 * a twinkle in his eye which belied the gravity of his demeanour （他）眼睛一眨, 藉以掩盖他的严肃态度.

gravy
[5greivi; 5grevi] n [U] 1 juice that comes from meat while it is cooking; sauce made from this 肉汁; 调味肉汁. 2 (sl 俚 esp US) unearned or unexpected money (or profit) 不劳而获的或意外得到的钱财（或利益）; 飞来福. 复合： `gravy-boat n vessel in which gravy is served at table 盛肉汁的器皿. `gravy train (sl 俚 esp US) means of getting a lot of money without much effort (eg through corruption) 轻易捞到大量钱财的手段（如贪污、 舞弊）: be/get on the gravy train 大把捞钱.

gray
[grei; gre] adj, n, v (esp US) = grey.

graze
1[greiz; grez] v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (in/on sth) (of cattle, sheep, etc) eat growing grass （指牛、 羊等）吃青草: * cattle grazing in the fields 在田野里吃青草的牛. 2 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in/on sth) put (cattle, etc) in a field to eat grass （在田野里）放牧（牛等）: * graze sheep 牧羊. (b) [Tn] use (grassland) to feed cattle, etc 用（草地）养牛等. 派生： grazier[5greiziE(r); 5greVl] n 1 person who farms grazing animals 畜牧者. 2 (Austral 澳) sheep-farmer 养羊者. 复合： `grazing land/lnd; 7lAnd] land used for grazing cattle 牧牛场.

grease
[gri:s; gris] n [U] 1 animal fat that has been softened by cooking or heating （炼出的）动物油脂: * The grease from pork can be used for frying. 猪肉炼出的油可用来煎炸食物. 2 any thick semi-solid oily substance 脂膏; 滑脂: * axle-grease, ie used to lubricate axles 轴用润滑脂 * He smothers his hair with grease, eg hair-oil. 他用发腊擦头发. * [attrib 作定语] Grease marks or spots can be removed with liquid detergent. 油迹或油污可用洗涤液除去. 派生： grease v 1 [Tn] put or rub grease on or in (esp parts of a machine) 在（尤指机器部件）上涂油或擦油. 2 (idm 习语) grease sb's `palm (infml 口) bribe sb 贿赂某人; 打点. greaser n (Brit) person who greases machinery, eg a ship's engines 涂油工人; 擦拭工人. 复合： `grease-gun n device for forcing grease into the parts of an engine, a machine, etc 注油枪（将润滑油注入发动机等的部件之用具）. `grease-paint n [U] coloured make-up used by actors （演员用的）化装油彩. ,grease-proof `paper paper that does not let grease pass through it, and is used esp for cooking or wrapping food in 耐油纸（尤指用於烹调食物或包裹食物的）.

greasy
[5gri:si; 5grisi] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 (a) covered with grease; slippery 涂有油脂的; 沾有油脂的; 滑的: * greasy fingers 沾着油脂的手指 * a greasy road 滑的路. (b) producing an excessive amount of oily secretions 多脂的; 油性的: * greasy skin/hair 油性的皮肤[头发]. (c) (derog 贬) containing or cooked with too much fat or oil 油腻的: * greasy food 油腻的食物. 2 (fig infml derog 比喻, 口, 贬) (of people or their behaviour) insincerely flattering and smooth; unctuous （指人或其行为）油滑的, 谄媚的, 虚情假意的: * He greeted me with a greasysmile. 他皮笑肉不笑地和我打了招呼. > greasily[-ili; -Eli] adv. greasiness n [U].

great
[greit; gret] adj (-er, -est) 1 (a) [attrib 作定语] well above average in size, extent or quantity 大的; 巨大的; 非常的; 很多的: * The great ship sank below the waves. 巨轮在滚滚浪涛中沉没. * a great expanse of forest 广阔的森林 * dive to a great depth 潜到极深处 * all creatures great and small 大大小小的生物 * A great crowd had turned up. 来了一大群人. * People had turned up in great numbers. 来了成批的人. * The great majority (of people) (ie Most people) approve. 大多数人赞成. (b) far away in space or time 距离遥远的; 时间久远的: * He lives a great distance away. 他住得很远. * That was a great while ago. 那是很久以前的事了. (c) [usu attrib 通常作定语] exceptional in degree or intensity; considerable （程度或强度）异乎寻常的; 格外的; 相当的: * of great value, importance, relevance, significance, etc 价值、 重要性、 关系、 意义等颇大的 * He described it in great detail. 他描述得相当详细. * Take great care to do it properly. 要格外用心地把这事做好. * You have my greatest (ie very great) sympathy. 我非常同情你. * be in great demand, ie much wanted 需求甚大. (d) in a very good state of health, morale or well-being; fine 健康的; 精神好的; 安宁的; 平安的; 好的: * I feel great today! 我今天觉得精神好极了! * in great form, ie very fit and active 精力充沛 * in great spirits, ie very cheerful 心情很愉快. (e) [attrib 作定语] with very good or bad effects 有极好的或极坏的效果的: * It's a great relief to know you're safe. 知你平安无事才放下心来. * You've been a great help. 你帮了大忙. * the greatest disaster that has ever befallen us. 我们遭受的最严重的灾难. =>Usage at big 用法见big. 2 (a) of remarkable ability or quality; outstanding 伟大的; 杰出的: * a great man, artist, musician, etc 伟人、 伟大的艺术家、 伟大的音乐家

great1
* her great deeds 她的伟大事迹 * No one would deny that Beethoven's symphonies are great masterpieces. 人人都认为贝多芬的交响乐是伟大的杰作. * the world's greatest novelist 世界最杰出的小说家. (b) [attrib 作定语] of high rank or status 级别高的; 地位高的: * a great lady 贵妇人 * the great powers, ie important and powerful countries 强国 * Alexander the Great 亚历山大大帝. (c) (infml 口) very remarkable; splendid 非常的; 非凡的; 出众的; 绝妙的; 了不起的: * He's great! 他真了不起! * She's the greatest! 她真是不得了! * It's great that you can come! 你能来太好了! * What a great party! 这聚会真棒! * He scored a great goal. 他射入的一球真绝. (d) (infml 口) ~ (to do sth) very enjoyable or satisfactory 非常愉快的; 令人满意的: * We had a great time in Majorca. 我们在马霍卡玩儿得真痛快. * It's great to know you! 认识您很高兴! * It's great to have met you! 与您会面令人十分愉快! 3 (a) ~ for sth (infml 口) very suitable for sth; ideal or useful for sth 对某事物极适合的; 对某事物理想的或有用的: * This little gadget's great for opening tins. 这小玩意儿开罐头挺好用. * These are great shoes for muddy weather. 这种鞋在雨天泥泞的地上走最合适. (b) [pred 作表语] ~ at sth (infml 口) clever or skilful at sth 擅长某事; 精於某事: * She's great at tennis, chess, etc. 她对网球、 象棋什麽的都擅长. (c) (ironic 反语) (used to express exasperation, scorn, etc 用以表示恼怒、 愤怒、 轻蔑、 嘲笑等): * Oh great, I've missed the bus again! 真倒霉, 我又没赶上公共汽车! * You've been a great help, you have! 你可帮大忙了, 帮倒忙! 4 [attrib 作定语] (a) important; noteworthy重要的; 显着的; 值得注意的: * The princess was getting married, and everyone was in town for the great occasion. 公主那时即将成婚, 人人都在首都等待这一盛典. * As the great moment approached, she grew more and more nervous. 她因那重要时刻渐近而越来越紧张.

great2
(b) unequalled; excellent 无比的; 无双的; 极好的: * She had a great chance/opportunity, but she let it slip. 她曾有个绝好的机会, 但没抓住. (c) the great the most important 最重要的: * The great advantage of this metal is that it doesn't rust. 这种金属最大的优点是不生锈. 5 [attrib 作定语] fully deserving the name of; beyond the ordinary 名符其实的; 真正的; 不一般的; 不寻常的: * We are great friends. 我们是真正的朋友. * I've never been a great reader, ie I do not read much. 我读书不多. * He's a great one for complaining, ie He constantly complains. 他是个抱怨大王（他总抱怨）. 6 [attrib 作定语] (infml 口) (used to intensify another adj of size, etc 用以加强表示体积等另一形容词的词义) very 非常; 很: * What a great big idiot! 纯粹的大傻瓜! * You great fat pig! 你这大肥猪! * That's a great thick slice of cake! 那是一大块蛋糕哇! 7 [attrib 作定语] (used to name the larger of two types, species, etc 用以指称两类、 两种生物等之较大者): * the great auk, ie contrasted with the little auk 大海雀（与小海雀相对）. 8 (added to words for relatives beginning with grand- to show a further stage in relationship 冠於以grand-起首的表示亲属的词之前, 以示更高或更低一辈的亲属关系): * one's ,great-`grandfather, ie one's father's or mother's grandfather 某人之曾祖父（或外曾祖父） * one's ,great-`grandson, ie the grandson of one's son or daughter 某人的曾孙. =>App 8 见附录8. 9 (dated infml 旧, 口) (in exclamations of surprise 用於惊叹句中): * Great Scott! 哎呀! * Great heavens! 天哪! 10 (idm 习语) be no great shakes (infml 口) not be very good, efficient, suitable, etc 并非很好; 不太有效; 不怎麽适合; 没什麽了不起: * She's no great shakes as an actress. 她不是什麽名角儿. going great guns (infml 口) proceeding vigorously and successfully 顺利; 成功. a good/great deal => deal2. great and small rich and poor, powerful and weak, etc 贫富、 强弱等:

great3
* Everyone, great and small, is affected by these changes. 所有的人, 无论高低贵贱都受这些变革的影响. make great/rapid strides => stride. of great price very valuable 很有价值的; 很贵重的. your need is greater than mine => need. 派生： great n 1 (usu pl 通常作复数) (infml 口) person of outstanding ability 高手; 名家: one of boxing's all-time greats 一位空前的拳击高手. 2 the great [pl v] great(2) people 大人物; 显要人物; 要人: a fashionable affair attended by all the great and the good, ie important and influential people 显要人物都出席的社交盛事. greatly adv much; by much 很; 非常: We were greatly amused. 我们很快乐. * The reports were greatly exaggerated. 报告被严重夸大了. * I revere him greatly. 我很尊敬他. greatness n [U]: achieve greatness in one's lifetime 一生颇有建树. 复合： the ,Great `Bear large constellation near the North Pole 大熊座. Cf 参看 the Little Bear (little1). ,Great `Britain (abbr 缩写 GB) (also Britain) England,Wales and Scotland 英格兰、 威尔士和苏格兰. great `circle circle drawn round a sphere in such a way that one of its diameters passes through the centre of the sphere 大圆（球体被通过球心的直径所截得的圆）. `greatcoat n heavy (esp military) overcoat （尤指军用的）厚大衣. the ,Great `Lakes five large lakes in N America between Canada and the US 五大湖（加拿大与美国之间的五个大湖）. ,Greater `London administrative area that includes inner London and the outer suburbs 大伦敦（包括伦敦市及郊区）. the Great `War (dated 旧) World War I, 1914-18 第一次世界大战（1941-1918）. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Britain or Great Britain (GB)consists of the geographical areas of England, Scotland and Wales. 不列颠或大不列颠（GB）由英格兰、 苏格兰和威尔士的地域组成. It is often also used to refer to the political state, officially called the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and usually abbreviated to the United Kingdom or the UK. 这一名称也常用以表示行政上的国家, 官方称为大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国, 通常简称为联合王国或UK. *The British Isles are the islands of Britain and Ireland. 不列颠群岛包括不列颠和爱尔兰等岛屿. There is no noun in British English commonly used to refer to the nationality of the people of Britain; instead the adjective is used 在英式英语中没有表示英国人国籍的通用名词而用形容词: She's British. 她是英国人.

great4
* The British are said to have an unusual sense of humour. 据说英国人有一种特殊的幽默感. Britisher is used in American English. *Britisher 用於美式英语. Briton is found in newspaper, etc reports of incidents concerning British people and in statistical information. *Briton 见於报刊等涉及英国人的报道及统计资料. It is also used of the early inhabitants of Britain *Briton也用以指不列颠早期的居民: 10 Britons in hijacked plane 被劫持飞机上的10个英国人 * According to the latest surveys many Britons suffer from heart disease. 据最近调查显示, 许多英国人患心脏病. * the ancient Britons 古代不列颠人.

greaves
[gri:vz; grivz] n [pl] pieces of armour worn (esp formerly) to protect the shins 护胫, 胫甲（尤用於旧时）.

grebe
[gri:b; grib] n water bird similar to a duck but without webbed feet 辟稧 稧.

Grecian
[5gri:Fn; 5griFEn] adj (suggestive) of the art or culture of ancient Greece （带有）古希腊艺术或文化的: * a Grecian (ie an ancient Greek) urn 古希腊的 * hishandsome Grecian profile 他那古希腊式俊美的侧面脸形.

greed
[gri:d; grid] n [U] ~ (for sth) (derog 贬) 1 excessive desire for food, esp when one is not hungry 贪食（尤指不饥饿时）. 2 excessive and selfish desire for wealth, power, etc 贪心; 贪婪: * the greed with which large companies swallow up their smaller competitors 大公司为吞并与之竞争的小公司而怀有的贪心 * consumed with greed and envy 充满贪婪和嫉妒. 派生： greedy adj (-ier, -iest) ~ (for sth) filled with greed or desire 贪吃的; 贪心的; 贪婪的; 渴望的; 热望的: a greedy little boy 贪吃的小男孩 * not hungry, just greedy 饿倒是不饿, 只是贪吃罢了 * looking at the cakes with greedy eyes 眼巴巴地看着蛋糕 * greedy for power 贪图权力的 * greedy for information 渴求信息的. greedily adv. greediness n [U].

Greek
[gri:k; grik] adj of Greece or its people or language 希腊的; 希腊人的; 希腊语的. 派生： Greek n 1 [C] member of the people living in ancient or modern Greece 希腊人. 2 [U] their language 希腊语. 3 (idm 习语) it's all `Greek to me (infml saying 口, 谚) it's impossible to understand 全然不懂; 一窍不通.

green
1[gri:n; grin] adj (-er, -est) 1 of the colour between blue and yellow in the spectrum; of the colour of growing grass, and the leaves of most plants and trees 绿色的; 青色的: * as green as grass 像青草般绿的 * fresh green peas 鲜嫩的豌豆. =>illus at spectrum 见spectrum插图. 2 covered with grass or other plants 长着青草或其他植物的: * green fields, hills, etc 绿色的田野、 山丘等. 3 (a) (of fruit) not yet ripe （指水果）未成熟的; 生的; 青的: * green bananas 青香蕉 * apples too green to eat 生得不能吃的苹果. (b) (of wood) not yet dry enough for use （指木头）未乾燥的, 潮的: * Green wood does not burn well. 潮木头不好烧. (c) (of tobacco) not dried （指烟草）未乾的. 4 (infml 口) immature; inexperienced; easily fooled 未成熟的; 无经验的; 易受愚弄的: * a green young novice 无经验的年轻新手 * You must be green to believe that! 你真幼稚, 竟然相信那个! 5 [usu pred 通常作表语] (of the complexion) pale; sick-looking （指面色）苍白, 带病容: * The passengers turned quite green with sea-sickness. 旅客们由於晕船而脸色发青. 6 [pred 作表语] extremely envious 非常嫉妒: * I was absolutely green (with envy) when I saw his splendid new car. 我看到他那辆漂亮的新汽车就非常眼红. 7 (fig rhet 比喻, 修辞) flourishing; full of vigour; fresh (used esp in the expressions shown) 旺盛的; 精力充沛的; 新鲜的（尤用於下列示例）: * live to a green old age 老当益壮 * keep sb's memory green, ie not allow sb (dead) to be forgotten 对（逝去的）某人永记不忘. 8 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (esp politics 尤用於政治) (favouring the party that is) particularly concerned about protecting the environmentand the plants and animals that grow in it 特别关注保护环境及野生动植物的; 拥护有此主张的党派的: * green politics 主张保护环境的政见. 9 (idm 习语) give sb/get the green `light (infml 口) give sb/get permission to do sth 准许某人[获准]做某事; 开绿灯. the grass is greener on the other side => grass1.

green-room
n room in a theatre, TV studio, etc where the performers can relax （设於剧场、 电视演播室等中的）演员休息室.

green1
派生： greenish[5gri:niF; 5griniF] adj somewhat green 浅绿色的: * a greenish-yellow tinge 黄中透绿的色彩. greenness n [U]. 复合： `greenback n (US infml 口) US banknote 美钞. ,green `belt area of open land around a city, where building is strictly controlled 环城绿化地带. ,green-eyed `monster [sing] (rhet 修辞) envy; jealousy 嫉妒. `greenfinch n finch with green and yellow feathers 绿金翅. ,green `fingers (infml 口) skill in gardening 园艺技能: Mother has green fingers. 母亲有园艺技术. `greenfly n (pl unchanged 复数不变) any of various kinds of small insects (aphids) that are harmful to plants 蚜虫. `greengage[-geidV; -7gedV] n type of small yellowish-green plum 青梅. `greengrocer n (Brit) shopkeeper selling vegetables and fruit 蔬菜水果商人; 果菜商. `greenhouse n building with sides and roof of glass, used for growing plants that need protection from the weather 温室; 暖房. `greenhouse effect gradual warming of the earth's atmosphere, thought to be caused by increased carbon dioxide in the air 温室效应（地球大气层逐渐变暖, 认为是空气中二氧化碳增加所致）. ,Green `Paper preliminary report of government proposals, for discussion 绿皮书（政府提案的初步报告, 供讨论）. Cf 参看 White Paper (white1). the `Green Party (in Britain) political party whose aims are to protect the countryside, atmosphere, etc from pollution and other dangers （英国）绿党（以保护郊野、 大气等免遭污染, 免受危害为宗旨的政党）. ,green `pound value of the pound as a currency exchange for agricultural produce in the EEC 绿色英镑（欧洲共同体的农产品交易币值）. green `salad salad made chiefly from lettuce and other raw green vegetables 绿色拉（主要以莴苣和其他生的绿色蔬菜制成）. green `tea light-coloured tea made from incompletely fermented leaves 绿茶.

green2
`greenwood n (arch 古) forest in summer 夏季之树林; 绿林.

greenery
[5gri:nEri; 5grinEri] n [U] attractive green foliage, either on growing plants or cut for decoration （长着的或采下做装饰的）漂亮的绿叶: * The hall looks more festive with all that greenery in pots. 花盆里的绿叶使大厅显得节日气氛更浓.

greenhorn
n inexperienced and easily deceived person 无经验易受骗的人; 涉世不深的人.

Greenwich Mean Time
[7grenidV 'mi:n taim; 5grinidV'min 7taim] (abbr 缩写 GMT) (also Universal Time) time on the line of 0 longitude (which passes through Greenwich, London), used as a basis for calculating time throughout the world 世界时（也叫格林威治时间或格林尼治时间）.

greet
[gri:t; grit] v 1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (with sth) give a conventional sign or word of welcome or pleasure when meeting sb or receiving a (guest) 欢迎; 迎接; 致意; 问候: * He greeted me in the street with a friendly wave of the hand. 他在街上向我亲切地挥手致意. * greeting her guests at the door 在门口迎接她的客人. (b) [Tn.pr esp passive 尤用於被动语态] ~ sth with sth receive sth with a particular reaction 对某事做出某种反应: * The news was greeted by/with cheering, booing, etc. 对这消息欢呼喝采、 嘘声四起等. * This appointment was greeted with relief, dismay, etc. 这一委任使人欣慰、 怅惘等. 2 [Tn] (of sights and sounds) be suddenly seen or heard by (sb) （指景象和声音）突然被（某人）看见或听见: * the view that greeted us at the top of the hill 在山顶上收入我们眼底的景色. 派生： greeting n 1 first words used on seeing sb or in writing to sb; expression or act with which sb is greeted 招呼; 书信开端的称呼; 问候; 欢迎: `Hello!’ and `Dear Sir' are greetings. ‘喂’和‘敬启者’都是招呼用语. * exchange, send greetings 互致、 致以问候 * [attrib 作定语] a `greetings card, ie a decorative card sent at Christmas, on sb's birthday, etc 贺卡（圣诞节、 某人生日等时赠送的装饰性卡片）. 2 (idm 习语) the season's greetings => season.

gregarious
[gri5geEriEs; gri5geriEs] adj 1 liking to be with other people 爱交际的. 2 (biology 生) (ofanimals, birds, etc) living in groups or communities （指动物、 鸟等）群居的、 共生的. > gregariously adv. gregariousness n [U].

Gregorian
[gri5gC:riEn; gri5gCriEn] adj. 复合： Gre,gorian `calendar system now in general use of arranging the months in the year and the days in the month, introduced by Pope Gregory XIII (1502-85) 格雷果里历（由教皇格雷果里十叁世提倡, 至今通用的历法）; 阳历. Cf 参看 Julian calendar. Gre,gorian `chant kind of medieval church music named after Pope Gregory I (540-604) 格列高利圣（以教皇格列高利一世之名命名的中世纪圣歌）.

gremlin
[5gremlin; 5gremlin] n imaginary mischievious creature supposed to cause mechanical or other failure （好捣乱的）小精灵（据信可使机械或其他东西失灵）: * The gremlins have got into the computer again. 捣乱的小精灵又钻进计算机里了.

grenade
[grE'neid; gri5ned] n small bomb thrown by hand or fired from a rifle 手榴弹; 枪榴弹: * a `hand-grenade 一颗手榴弹 * [attrib 作定语] a grenade attack 榴弹攻击.

grenadier
[7grenE'diE(r); 7grenE'dir] n (formerly) soldier who threw grenades; (now) soldier in the Grenadiers (or Grenadier Guards), a British infantry regiment （旧时）掷弹兵; （现今）英国近卫步兵团的士兵.

grew
pt of grow.

grey
(also esp US gray)[grei; gre] adj 1 (a) of the colour between black and white; coloured like ashes, slate, lead, etc 灰色的; 灰白的: * grey eyes, hair, etc 灰色的眼睛、 头发等 * a grey suit 灰色西装. (b) [usu pred 通常作表语] having grey hair 有灰色头发; 有花白头发: * She has turned quite grey recently. 她近来头发多已斑白. * I'm going grey. 我的头发开始白了. (c) dull; cloudy 灰暗的; 阴沉的: * a grey day 阴沉的一天. 2 (fig 比喻) (a) depressing; monotonous 郁闷的; 单调乏味的: * a grey existence 单调乏味的生活 * Life seemed grey and pointless after she'd gone. 她走後生活显得既单调又无意义. (b) (derog 贬) having no life or attractive features; anonymous 无生气的; 不突出的; 无名的: * a government department run by little grey men 由无名之辈掌管的政府部门. 派生： grey (also esp US gray) n 1 [U, C] grey colour 灰色: a suit of dark/light/medium grey 深[浅/中]灰色的西装. 2 [U] grey clothes 灰色衣服: dressed in grey 身穿灰色衣服. grey (also esp US gray) v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become grey （使某物）变成灰色: He/His hair has greyed a lot. 他[的]头发多已花白. * He was 50 and greying. 他那时50岁头发就渐白了. * Worry had greyed her hair. 她愁白了头发. greyish (also esp US grayish) adj somewhat grey 略带灰色的; 浅灰的. 复合： ,grey `area aspect, topic, etc that does not fit into a particular category, and is therefore difficult to deal with 灰色区域（不易归类故难以处理的方面、 题目等）: When the rules for police procedure were laid down, a lot of grey areas remained. 警方的程序规章定立後, 遗留下许多难以处理的灰色区域. `greybeard n (rhet 修辞) old man 老人. ,grey-`headed adj with grey hair; old 有白发的; 老的. `grey matter (a) material of the brain （脑的）灰质. (b) (fig infml 比喻, 口) intelligence 智力; 脑筋: a boy without much grey matter 脑筋不够用的男孩.

greyhound
[5greihaund; 5gre7haund] n large thin fast-running dog used in racing 灵豁是（身驱瘦长、 善跑之狗, 用於比赛）: * [attrib 作定语] `greyhound racing 赛狗. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page iii.

grid
[grid; grid] n 1 framework of crossing or parallel metal or wooden bars; grating （金属的或木的）格子; 栅栏: * a `cattle-grid, ie one covering a ditch to prevent cattle from straying onto a main road, etc 牲口栅子（置於沟渠上者, 以防牲口走上公路）. 2 (a) network of lines, esp crossing at right angles 网格; （尤指）方格: * [attrib 作定语] New York is laid out on a grid pattern. 纽约展示在网格图上. (b) network of squares on a map, numbered for reference （地图上的）坐标方格: * [attrib 作定语] the grid reference of a place on a map 地图上某地的坐标方格数字. =>illus at map 见map插图. 3 system of electric-power cables or gas-supply lines for distributing power evenly over a large area 输电网; 煤气输送网: * the National Grid, ie the network of electricity supply in Britain （英国）国家输电网. 4 pattern of lines marking the starting-places on a car-racing track 赛车跑道上标志起点的平行线.

griddle
[5gridl; 5gridl] n (Scot 苏格兰作 girdle) circular iron plate heated for cooking flat cakes （烤饼用的）烤盘.

gridiron
[5gridaiEn; 5grid7ailn] n 1 framework of metal bars used for cooking meat or fish over an open fire （置於明火上烧烤肉或鱼用的）烤架. 2 (US) field for American football (the area of play being marked by a pattern of parallel lines) 橄榄球场.

grief
[gri:f; grif] n 1 [U] ~ (over/at sth) deep or violent sorrow 忧伤; 悲伤: * driven almost insane by grief over/at his death 因他死去而悲伤得几乎发狂 * die of grief 忧伤而死. 2 [C] event causing such feelings 引起忧伤、 悲伤的事; 伤心事: * His marriage to someone outside their faith was a great grief to his parents. 他娶了异教徒是他父母的一大伤心事. 3 (idm 习语) come to `grief (infml 口) (a) end in failure 终归失败; 以失败告终: * All his little schemes for making money seem to come to grief. 他为赚钱而耍的花招儿看来都要失败. (b) have an accident; fall down, crash, etc 出事故; 遭意外; 跌倒; 碰撞等: * Several pedestrians had come to grief on the icy pavement. 几个行人在结冰的人行道上滑倒了. good`grief! (infml 口) (exclamation of surprise and (usu mild) dismay) 表示惊奇和（通常为轻度的）惊恐的感叹语. 复合： grief-stricken adj overcome by deep sorrow 极度悲伤的: trying to console the grief-stricken relatives 尽力劝慰悲痛欲绝的亲属.

grievance
[5gri:vns; 5grivEns] n ~ (against sb) real or imagined cause for complaint or protest (used esp with the vs shown) 委屈, 苦衷, 牢骚, 不满, 怨恨（尤与下列示例中动词连用）: * inviting the members to air (ie express) their grievances 请成员们诉说苦衷 * He'd been harbouring/nursing a grievance against his boss. 他一直对老板心怀不满. * Management agreed to settle the workers' grievances. 资方同意处理工人的申诉.

grieve
[gri:v; griv] v (fml 文) 1 [Tn] cause great sorrow to (sb) 使（某人）极为悲伤: * Your mother is very grieved by your refusal to return home. 你离家不归, 你母亲极为伤心. * It grieves me to hear how disobedient you've been. 听说你很不听话, 使我感到非常难过. * It grieves me to have to say it, but (ie It is regrettably true that) you have only yourself to blame. 我是万不得已才说的, 但你是咎由自取. 2 (a) [I, Ipr] ~ (for sb); ~ (over/about sb/sth) feel a deep sorrow because of loss （因失去而）感到悲痛: * Their daughter died over a year ago, but they are still grieving. 他们的女儿死去已一年多了, 但他们现在仍很悲痛. * grieve for one's (dead, lost) child 为（死去的、 失去的）孩子伤心 * grieve over the death of sb 为某人之死而悲哀. (b) [Ipr] ~ at/about/over sth feel deep regret (about sth) （对某事）感到非常後悔、 懊悔: * It's no use grieving about past errors. 为以往的错误懊悔於事无补.

grievous
[5gri:vEs; 5grivEs] adj 1 causing grief or suffering 令人伤心或痛苦的: * grievous news, losses, wrongs 令人伤心的消息、 损失、 错误. 2 (fml 文) (of sth bad) severe; serious （指坏事）剧烈的, 严重的: * grievous pain, wounds, etc 剧痛、 重伤等 * a grievous error, fault, sin, crime, etc 严重的错误、 过失、 罪过、 罪行等. > grievously adv: * If you think that, you are grievously in error. 你要是那样想, 你可就大错特错了. 复合： ,grievous ,bodily `harm (law 律) (abbr 缩写 GBH) serious injury caused by a criminal attack 严重的身体伤害; 重伤.

griffin
[5grifin; 5grifin] (also griffon, gryphon/ 5grIfEn; `^rIfEn/) n mythical creature with the head and wings of an eagle and a lion's body （神话中的）狮身鹰首兽.

grill
[gril; gril] n 1 (a) device on a cooker that directs heat downwards for cooking meat, toasting bread, etc （热力自上而下的）烤架: * an electric grill 电烤架 * an eye-level grill 平视烤架 * Put it under the grill for a minute to brown the top. 放在烤架下烤一分钟把上部烤成金黄色. * [attrib 作定语] a grill pan 焙盘. (b) gridiron (for cooking on) （热力自下而上的）烤架. (c) dish of meat, etc cooked directly over or under great heat 一盘烤肉等: * a mixed grill, ie grilled steak, liver, bacon, etc served together 什锦烤肉. (d) (also `grill-room) room in a hotel or restaurant where such dishes are cooked and served （旅馆或饭店的）烤肉餐室: * Let's meet in the first-floor grill-room. 咱们在二楼烤肉餐室见面. 2 = grille. 派生： grill v 1 (a) [I, Tn, Dn.n] be cooked or cook (sth) over or under great heat 烧烤, 炙烤（食物）: grilled steak 烤肉排 * I'll grill you some fish. 我来给你烤些鱼. =>Usage at cook 用法见cook. (b) [I, Tn] (infml 口) expose (oneself) to great heat 使（自己）暴露於高温下; 烤: sit grilling (oneself) in front of a fire, in the sun, under a sun-ray lamp, etc 坐着烤火、 晒太阳、 烤紫外线灯等. 2 [Tn] (fig infml 比喻, 口) question (sb) intensively and for a long time, often hostilely 盘问（某人）: The police grilled him (with non-stop questions) for over an hour. 警方（以连串的问题）盘问了他一个多小时.

grille
(also grill)[gril; gril] n protective screen of metal bars or wires （用金属棒或金属丝做的）保护屏, 隔板, 格栅: * The bank clerk peered at the customer through/from behind the grille. 银行的职员从格栅後面看着顾客. * Ensure that the grille is in place while the machinery is in operation. 机器运转时一定要放好安全网罩.

grim
[grim; grim] adj (-mmer, -mmest) 1 very serious and unsmiling in appearance 非常严肃的; 无笑容的: * a grim face, look, etc 严肃的面孔、 神情等 * He looked grim; I could tell something was wrong. 他表情严肃, 我知道可能出事了. 2 severe; unrelenting 严厉的; 严峻的; 不懈的; 无情的: * their grim day-to-day struggle for survival 他们为生存日日进行的坚苦挣扎. 3 unpleasant; depressing 令人不愉快的; 令人沮丧的: * grim news 令人不快的消息 * We face the grim prospect of still higher unemployment. 我们面对失业率进一步增高前景堪虑. 4 determined in spite of fear 坚定而无畏的: * a grim smile 大无畏的微笑. 5 containing disturbing or horrific material 含不快或恐怖内容的: * a grim little tale of torture and murder 有折磨凶杀内容的恐怖小故事. 6 (of a place) depressingly plain; gloomy （指地方）极简陋的, 令人沮丧的: * the grim walls of the prison 监狱中令人郁闷的四壁. 7 [pred 作表语] (infml 口) ill 生病; 不舒服: * I feel pretty grim. 我觉得有点儿不舒服. 8 [usu pred 通常作表语] (infml 口) very bad or unpleasant 很坏; 令人厌恶: * I've seen her so-called paintings; they're fairly grim, I can tell you! 我看见过她那所谓的画; 一点儿都不好, 真的! 9 (idm 习语) like grim `death with great determination or perseverance in spite of difficulties 坚定地; 不懈地: * He held on to the branch like grim death. 他紧紧抓住树枝不松手. * She stuck to her task like grim death. 她百折不挠地执行任务. > grimly adv: * grimly determined 毫不动摇的. grimness n [U].

grimace
[gri5meis; - 'grimEs; 5grimEs] n ugly twisted expression (on the face), expressing pain, disgust, etc or intended to cause laughter （表示痛苦、 厌恶等或欲引人发笑的）怪相, 鬼脸: * make/give a grimace of pain 作出[露出]痛苦的怪相. 派生： grimace v [I, Ipr] ~ (at sb/sth) make grimaces 作怪相; 作鬼脸: She grimaced in/with distaste at the thought of it. 她一想到那个就厌恶得作怪相. =>Usage at smirk 用法见smirk.

grime
[graim; graim] n [U] dirt, esp in a layer on a surface 尘垢（尤指表面上的一层）; 污垢: * the soot and grime of a big manufacturing town 大工业城市的煤烟与尘垢 * a face covered with grime and sweat 满是污垢和汗水的脸. 派生： grime v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] make (sb/sth) dirty 将（某人[某物]）弄脏: a face grimed with dust 沾有灰尘的脸. grimy[5graimi; 5graimi] adj (-ier, -iest) covered with grime 沾满污垢的: * grimy hands, windows 沾满污垢的手、 窗户.

grin
[grin; grin] v (-nn-) 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (at sb) smile broadly, so as to show the teeth, expressing amusement, foolish satisfaction, contempt, etc 露齿而笑（表示高兴、 愚蠢的满足、 轻蔑等）; 咧着嘴笑; 龇着牙笑: * He grinned at me, as if sharing a secret joke. 他朝我龇牙一笑, 好像彼此会心领略一个笑话. * grin with delight 高兴得露齿一笑 * grin from ear to ear, ie very broadly 咧着大嘴笑. 2 [Tn] express (sth) by grinning 露齿笑着表示（某事）: * He grinned his approval. 他咧嘴一笑表示赞成. 3 (idm 习语) grin and `bear it endure pain, disappointment, etc without complaining 毫无怨言地忍受痛苦、 挫折等. 派生： grin n act of grinning 露齿笑: a broad, foolish, silly, etc grin 咧着嘴的、 愚蠢的、 傻气的...一笑 * With a nasty grin on his face he took out a knife. 他狞笑着掏出了刀子.

grind
[graind; graind] v (pt, pp ground/graund; graund] )1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (down/up) (to/into sth) crush sth to very small pieces or to powder between millstones, the teeth, etc or using an electrical or a mechanical apparatus 磨碎; 磨成粉状; 碾碎; 咬碎; 嚼碎: * The elephant grinds its food with/between its powerful molars. 象用其强有力的臼齿嚼碎食物. * grind coffee beans 磨咖啡豆 * grind corn (down/up) into flour 将谷磨成粉 * grind sth to dust, to (a fine) powder, etc 将某物磨成末、 （细）粉等. (b) [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (down) (to/into sth) be able to be crushed finely 可磨细: * The corn grinds easily. 谷物容易磨成粉. * It won't grind down any finer than this. 不能磨得比这个再细了. (c) [Tn] (US) mince (meat) 绞碎（肉）: * ground beef 绞碎的牛肉. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) produce sth by crushing 经磨碎而制成某物: * grind flour from corn 将谷物磨成面粉. 3 [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: * Tn, Tn.p] ~ sb (down) (fig 比喻) treat sb extremely harshly; oppress sb 虐待某人; 压迫某人: * people ground (down) by poverty, taxation, tyranny, etc 受贫困、 苛税、 暴政等折磨的人民 * tyrants who grind down the poor 压榨穷人的暴君. 4 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (on/with sth) polish or sharpen sth by rubbing it on or with a rough hard surface 磨光某物; 将某物磨锋利; 磨快: * grind a knife, lens, etc on a stone, etc 在石头等上磨刀、 镜片等. 5 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (together); ~ sth in/into sth press or rub sth firmly and often noisily 挤压或磨擦某物（常发出声音）: * He ground his teeth (together) in frustration. 他因失败而把牙咬得咯咯响. * dirt that had become ground into the surface 落在物体表面的尘土 * (fig 比喻) grind one's heel into the fragments, ie crush them very hard 用脚跟把破片碾碎.

grind1
6 [I, Ip] ~ (away) make a harsh noise (as if) from friction 发出（似）摩擦之声; 发出刺耳声: * The old engine ground and shuddered. 那台陈旧的发动机抖动着发出摩擦的声音. 7 [Tn] work (sth) by turning a handle （转动摇柄）开动（某物）: * grind a coffee-mill, barrel-organ 摇咖啡磨、 筒风琴. 8 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (away) (at sth) (infml 口) work or study hard and long 刻苦工作或学习; 苦干; 用功: * grind away at one's studies 刻苦学习. 9 (idm 习语) grind the faces of the `poor (into the `dust) (rhet 修辞) deliberately cause poor people to suffer more than necessary, taking pleasure in doing so 以压迫穷人为乐. grind to a `halt/`standstill (a) (of a vehicle) stop slowly and noisily （指车辆）伴有噪音缓缓停住. (b) (fig 比喻) (of a process) gradually stop （指过程）逐渐停止: * The strike brought industry grinding to a halt. 由於罢工生产逐渐停顿下来. have an axe to grind => axe. 10 (phr v) grind on continue for a long time boringly and monotonously 烦人、 乏味地继续下去: * The speaker ground on, oblivious of his listeners' boredom. 演说者唠唠叨叨, 没注意到听众的厌烦情绪. grind sth out (a) produce sth by turning a handle （经转动摇柄）产生某物: * grind out music from a barrel-organ 摇动筒风琴奏出音乐. (b) (derog 贬) play (music) heavily, tediously or monotonously 沉闷地、 单调地或乏味地演奏（乐曲）: * The jukebox ground out an incessant stream of pop music. 自动电唱机没完没了地放送流行乐曲. (c) (derog 贬) produce (books, stories, etc) with sustained but uninspired effort 无灵感却费力硬写（书、 小说等）: * He has been grinding out cheap romantic stories at the rate of one a week. 他一直以每周一篇的速度生拼硬凑廉价的浪漫小说. 派生： grind n [sing] 1 act of grinding 磨; 碾. 2 size of ground particles 磨细的程度: a coarse grind 粗磨.

grind2
3 (infml 口) long, steady, tiring or monotonous effort (physical or mental) 长时间的、 令人疲劳厌倦的（体力的或脑力的）劳动; 苦事: a long uphill grind in a cyclerace 自行车比赛中的一大段上坡路 * Marking examination papers is a real grind. 批改试卷的确是个苦事. grinding adj 1 making a harsh noise (as if) from friction 发出（似）摩擦声的; 刺耳的: The car screeched to a halt with grinding brakes. 汽车停住时发出刺耳的刹车声. 2 (idm 习语) bring sth/come to a grinding `halt (infml 口) (cause sth to) stop completely （使某物）停住, 停稳. grinding `poverty (rhet 修辞) extreme poverty that causes suffering 贫苦不堪. 复合： grindstone[5graindstEun; 5graind7ston] n 1 stone shaped like a wheel, turned on an axle, against which one holds knives or other tools to sharpen them 砂轮. 2 (idm 习语) keep one's/sb's nose to the grindstone => nose1.

grinder
[5graindE(r); 5graindl] n 1 thing that grinds, eg a molar tooth; apparatus for grinding 起研磨作用之物（如臼齿）; 研磨的装置; 研磨机: * a `coffee-grinder 磨咖啡机. 2 (in compounds 用以构成复合词) person who grinds 做研磨工作的人; 做摇转工作的人: * a `knife-grinder * an `organ-grinder, ie sb who plays a barrel-organ.

grip
[grip; grip] v (-pp-) 1 [I, Tn] take and keep a firm hold of (sth/sb) 紧抓（某物[某人]）; 紧握: * The frightened child gripped its mother's hand. 受惊的孩子紧抓住他母亲的手. * The brakes failed to grip (ie engage with and stop the wheels) and the car ran into a wall. 汽车刹车失灵撞在墙上了. 2 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (fig 比喻) seize the attention, imagination, etc of (sb) 吸引（某人）的注意力、 想像力等: * an audience gripped by a play 受戏剧吸引的观众 * gripped by/with fear 吓住. 派生： grip n 1 [sing] ~ (on sb/sth) (a) action of gripping; firm hold 紧抓; 紧握: take a grip on a rope 抓紧绳索 * I let go/released my grip and he ran away. 我一松手他就跑了. * The climber relaxed her grip and fell. 攀登者手一松跌了下去. * (fig 比喻) The play's exciting at first, but in the third act it loses its grip on one's attention. 那剧一开始很精采, 但到第叁幕就没看头儿了. (b) way or power of gripping 紧握的方式; 紧握力: a grip like iron, like a vice, like a bulldog, etc 像钢铁般、 像老虎钳般、 像斗牛犬般夹住或咬住不放 * tyres which give (a) good grip on the road 能紧贴着路面的车胎. (c) (fig 比喻) force that paralyses or disables 造成瘫痪或伤残的因素: the icy grip of winter 冬季严寒的破坏力 * people in the grip of disease, despair, etc 疾病缠身、 陷於绝望等的人们. 2 [C] part that is to be gripped; handle 把手; 柄: a wooden, metal, etc (hand-)grip 木、 金属等（手）柄. 3 [C] wire pin with two prongs for keeping hair tidy; hair-grip 发卡; 发夹. 4 [C] (US) large strong bag with handles 手提包: a leather grip 皮制手提包. 5 (idm 习语) come/get to grips with sb/sth (a) seize (an opponent) and begin to fight 抓住（对手）博斗起来; 扭打: She was unable to get to grips with her assailant. 她无力与袭击她的人扭打. (b) (fig 比喻) begin to deal with (a problem, challenge, etc) 开始应付（难题、 挑战等）. get/keep/take a `grip/`hold on oneself (infml 口) gain control of oneself and improve one's behaviour

grip1
(eg after being afraid, lazy, out of control, etc) 恢复自制力并改进行为（如不再胆怯、 懒惰、 失态等）. lose one's grip => lose. gripping adj exciting; holding the attention 令人激动的; 吸引人注意力的: a gripping account, film, story, etc 吸引人的报告、 电影、 故事等 * gripping yarns 扣人心弦的奇谈. grippingly adv.

gripe
1[graip; graip] v [I] feel or cause sudden sharp pain in the stomach or intestines 感到或引起腹或肠绞痛: * a griping pain in the stomach 胃痉挛 * medicine to take when your stomach gripes 胃疼时服用的药. 派生： the gripes n [pl] (infml 口) sharp pain in the intestines, etc 肚子疼. 复合： `gripe-water n [U] medicine to cure stomach or intestinal pain in babies 治疗小儿腹痛的药.

grisly
[5grizli; 5grizli] adj causing horror or terror; ghastly 恐怖的; 可怕的: * the grisly remains of the half-eaten corpses 体被吃掉一半的恐怖残骸.

grist
[grist; grist] n 1 [U] (arch 古) grain to be ground 待磨的谷物. 2 (idm 习语) grist to the/sb's `mill useful or profitable, esp in addition to or as a contribution to sth larger 有益的或有利的东西（尤指对某事物的补充或补助）: * I never refuse odd jobs to supplement my income it's all grist to the mill. 我为增加收入, 对於做零活总是来者不拒--多多益善.

gristle
[grisl; 5grisl] n [U] tough unappetizing tissue (esp cartilage) in meat 肉中难吃的硬组织（尤指软骨）: * I can't eat this meat it's all gristle, ie full of gristle. 这肉不能吃--净是软骨. 派生： gristly[-li; -li] adj like or full of gristle 似软骨的; 满是软骨的.

grit
[grit; grit] n [U] 1 tiny hard bits of stone, sand, etc 细石子、 沙粒等: * spread grit on icy roads 往结冰的路上撒沙子 * I've got some grit/a piece of grit in my shoe. 我的鞋里进了沙子. 2 quality of courage and endurance 勇气和毅力: * Mountaineering in a blizzard needs a lot of grit. 在暴风雪中登山需要极大的勇气和毅力. 派生： grit v (-tt-) 1 [Tn] cover (sth) with grit; spread grit on (esp icy roads) 以沙砾覆盖（某物）; 撒沙砾於（尤指结冰的道路）上. 2 (idm 习语) grit one's `teeth (a) keep one's jaws tight together 咬紧牙关. (b) (fig 比喻) summon up one's courage and determination 鼓起勇气下定决心: When things get difficult, you just have to grit your teeth and persevere. 遇到困难只需咬紧牙关坚持下去. gritty adj (-ier, -iest) full of grit 多沙的; 刚强的: cheap gritty bread 牙碜的廉价面包 * a gritty fighter 坚强的战士. grittiness n [U].

grizzle
[5grizl; 5grizl] v (infml derog 口, 贬) [I] ~ (about sth) (esp of children) keep complaining (about sth) in a whining way （尤指儿童）哭着不停地抱怨（某事）: * Stop grizzling! 别哭哭啼啼地缠磨人! 派生： grizzly adj grizzling or inclined to grizzle （爱）哭着抱怨的.

grizzled
[5grizld; 5grizld] adj grey(-haired) 灰色（毛发）的.

grizzly
[5grizli; 5grizli] n (also ,grizzly `bear) large fierce grey-brown bear of N America 灰熊（产於北美）. =>illus at bear 见bear插图.

Gro
abbr 缩写 = (in street names) Grove 用於街道名称: 6 Lime Gro 莱姆林荫道6号.

groan
[grEun; gron] v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (at sb/sth); ~ (with sth) make a deep sad sound when in pain, or to express despair, disapproval or distress 呻吟; 叹息: * `I've been hit,’ he groaned, ie said with a groan. ‘打中我了,赁 他呻吟道. * She groaned with pain. 她痛苦地呻吟. * The audience groaned at his terrible jokes. 他讲的笑话很糟, 听众发出了不满的叹息声. 2 (a) [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) (of things) make a noise like that of groaning （指东西）发出似呻吟的声音: * The ship's timbers groaned during the storm. 船骨在暴风雨中吱咯作响. (b) [Ipr] ~ with sth (fig 比喻) be heavily laden with sth 受到某物的重压; 装满或堆满某物: * a table groaning with food 布满食物的桌子. 3 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (on) (about/over sth) (derog 贬) complain irritably; moan 气愤地发牢骚; 抱怨: * She's always groaning on about how much work she has to do. 她总抱怨自己得干很多活儿. 4 [Ipr] ~ beneath/under sth (fig esp rhet 比喻, 尤作修辞) suffer or be oppressed by sth 受苦; 受某事之迫: * poor people groaning beneath/under the weight of heavy taxes 在苛税重压下的贫民. 5 (idm 习语) ,groan `inwardly feel like groaning at sth but remain silent 暗中叫苦: * She groaned inwardly as she saw the fresh pile of work on her desk. 她看到自己办公桌上又是一堆要处理的东西就暗自叫苦. 派生： groan n 1 deep sound made when in pain, etc 呻吟; 叹息: the groans of an injured man 伤者的呻吟 * give a groan of dismay 发出气馁的呻吟 * The chair gave a groan as he sat down in it. 他往下一坐, 椅子就发出了响声. 2 (usu sing 通常作单数) (fig infml 比喻, 口) person or thing that makes people groan 令人呻吟、 叹息的人或事物: a joke, story, person that is a bit of a groan 令人叹息的笑话、 故事、 人.

groats
[grEuts; grots] n [pl] (crushed) grain, esp oats, that has had the outer covering removed 去壳（压碎的）谷物（尤指燕麦）; 燕麦片.

grocer
[5grEusE(r); 5grosl] n shopkeeper who sells food in packets, tins or bottles and general small household goods 杂货商: * Go down to the grocer's (ie grocer's shop) and get me some sugar. 去杂货店给我买点儿糖来. 派生： groceries n [pl] things sold by a grocer 杂货. grocery n 1 [U] grocer's trade 杂货业: [attrib 作定语] a grocery store 杂货店. 2 [C] (esp US) grocer's shop 杂货店.

grog
[grCg; grag] n [U] (nautical or infml 海或口) drink of spirits (esp rum) mixed with water 烈酒（尤指朗姆酒）与水混合的饮料.

groggy
[5grCgi; 5gragi] adj (-ier, -iest) weak and dizzy (after illness, shock, lack of sleep, etc); unsteady （生病、 震惊、 睡眠不足等之後）虚弱的、 眩晕的; 不稳的: * The attack of flu left her feeling very groggy. 她患流感後非常虚弱. * He's still groggy from the anaesthetic. 他用过麻药, 现在仍眩晕无力. 派生： groggily adv. grogginess n [U].

groin
[grCin; grCin] n 1 (anatomy 解) lower part of the abdomen, where the tops of the legs meet, containing the sexual organs 阴部: * She kicked her attacker in the groin. 她踢着了袭击者的阴部. =>illus at human 见human插图. 2 (architecture 建) curved edge where two arches supporting a roof meet 穹 ; 穹窿交接线. 3 (US) = groyne.

grommet
[5grCmit; 5gramit] (also grummet[5grQmit;'grQmit] n ring-shaped piece of metal or other strong material used to strengthen a hole (eg in a piece of fabric) （用以加固孔眼的）环, 圈（如织物上的金属扣眼）.

groom
[gru:m; grum] n 1 person in charge of horses 马夫. 2 = bridegroom. 派生： groom v 1 (a) [Tn] clean and look after (horses), esp by brushing 刷洗, 照看（马）. (b) [I, Tn] (of an ape, a monkey, etc) clean the fur and skin of (another or itself) （指猿、 猴等）把（另一猿、 猴或自身）的毛皮弄乾净: a female ape grooming her mate 为一猿把毛皮弄乾净的母猿. 2 [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.n/a] ~ sb (for/as sth) (infml 口) select, prepare and train (a young person) for a particular career, etc 挑选、 培养、 训练（年轻人）从事某职业等: groomed for stardom by ambitious parents 由望子成龙的父母培养作演员 * He had been groomed for a career in the Civil Service/groomed as a future civil servant. 他受过公务员职业培训. groomed adj (usu preceded by an adv 通常用於副词之後) having the stated appearance of dress, hairstyle and general neatness 穿着打扮一贯整洁的; 乾净利落的: She is always perfectly groomed. 她总是浑身上下乾净利落.

groove
[gru:v; gruv] n 1 long narrow cut or depression in the surface of hard material 沟; 槽; 纹: * a groove for a sliding door 滑动门的槽. =>illus 见插图. 2 spiral cut on a gramophone disc for the needle or stylus 唱片上的纹 路: * The needle has jumped several grooves. 唱针跳过了几道纹路. 3 (idm 习语) get into/be stuck in a groove become set in a particular way of life 养成某种生活习惯. 派生： grooved adj having a groove or grooves 有沟的; 有槽的; 有纹的. groovy[5gru:vi; 5gruvi] adj (dated sl 旧, 俚) attractive or excellent, esp because fashionable or modern 吸引人的, 绝妙的（尤指因流行或时髦）.

grope
[grEup; grop] v 1 [Ipr, Ip] ~ (about) (for/after sth) feel or search about (for sth) as one does in the dark 摸索; 探索: * grope about in the dark 在黑暗中摸索 * grope for the door-handle, light-switch, etc 摸索着找门把手、 电灯开关等 * (fig 比喻) a tricky question which left him groping for an answer 迫使他搜寻答案的棘手问题 * scientists groping blindly after the secrets of the atom 茫然探索原子奥秘的科学家们. 2 [I, Tn] (infml derog 口, 贬) (attempt to) touch or fondle (sb) sexually （企图）猥亵（某人）. 3 (phr v) grope (one's way) across, along, past, etc (sth) make one's way in the stated direction by feeling or searching 摸索着向某方向走: * grope one`s way along a darkened corridor 在黑暗的走廊里摸索着走. 派生： gropingly adv in the manner of sb who gropes 摸索着; 探索着.

gross
1[grEus; gros] n (pl unchanged or ~es 复数或不变或作 grosses) (esp commerce 尤用於商业) twelve dozen; 一罗（12打; 144个）: * two gross of best apples 两罗优等苹果 * sell sth by the gross/in grosses 按罗出售某物. =>App 4 见附录4.

grotesque
[grEu'tesk; gro'tesk] adj 1 strangely distorted so as to arouse fear or laughter; fantastic 因变得古怪而可怕或可笑的; 奇形怪状的: * tribal dancers wearing grotesque masks 部落中戴着古怪面具的跳舞的人. 2 (art 美术) combining human, animal and plant forms in a fantastic design 奇异风格的（由人、 动植物混合组成之图案的）. 3 ridiculously exaggerated or unreasonable; absurd 荒谬地夸张的或无理的; 荒唐的: * a grotesque distortion of the truth 对事实的无理歪曲 * It's grotesque to expect a person of her experience to work for such little money. 想让有她那样经验的人为这点儿钱工作真是可笑. 4 offensively incongruous 格不入的; 极不协调的: * the grotesque sight of an old man trying to flirt with a young girl 老头儿极力与少女调情那种离谱的样子. 派生： grotesque n 1 [C] with fantastic or incongruous clothes, make-up, features, etc 衣着、 打扮、 五官等古怪、 不协调的样子. 2 the grotesque [sing] grotesque style used in a painting, carving, etc （绘画、 雕刻等所采用的）奇异风格. grotesquely adv. grotesqueness n [U].

grotto
[5grCtEu; 5grato] n (pl ~-es or ~-s) cave, esp one made artificially as a garden shelter 洞穴; （尤指花园中的）人工洞室.

grotty
[5grCti; 5grati] adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) unpleasant 令人不愉快的; 不舒服的; 可恶的: * a grotty little man living in a grotty little room in a grotty part of town 在城里一个讨厌的地方的一间讨厌的屋子里住着一个讨厌的男子 * I feel pretty grotty, ie unwell. 我身体不大舒服.

grouch
[grautF; grautF] v [I, Ipr] ~ (about sth) (derog 贬) complain 发牢骚; 抱怨: * Stop grouching about everything! 别再事事都抱怨了! 派生： grouch n 1 (a) [sing] ~ (about sth) (derog 贬) fit of bad-tempered complaining 大发牢骚: He's always having a grouch about something. 他总是发脾气抱怨这个抱怨那个. (b) [C] ~ (against sth/sb) complaint 牢骚; 抱怨: One of my main grouches against the council is that they don't run enough buses. 我对市议会不满, 主要是投入营运的公共汽车不够用. 2 [C] (derog 贬) sulky discontented person 爱发牢骚的人: You're nothing but an old grouch! 你就是个爱发牢骚的老家伙! grouchy adj (-ier, -iest) sullenly discontented 愠怒的; 不满的: in a grouchy mood 怀着不满情绪.

ground
1[graund; graund] n 1 the ground [sing] solid surface of the earth (esp contrasted with the air above) 地面（尤指与空中相对）: * sit on the ground 坐在地上 * He slipped off the ladder and fell to the ground. 他从梯子上滑了下来摔在地上. * The aircraft hadn't enough power to get off the ground, ie take off. 那架飞机的升空动力不足. * [attrib 作定语] at ground level 在地平面. 2 [U] (a) area or distance on the earth's surface; land 地面上的区域或距离; 土地: * have more ground than one's next-door neighbour 土地比邻居的多 * buy up some ground for building on 购置地皮以供建 之用 * The land near the border is disputed ground. 靠近边界的土地是有争议的地区. * measure the ground between two points 测量地面上两点间的距离. (b) soil; earth 泥土; 土地: * solid, marshy, stony, etc ground 坚硬的土地、 沼泽地、 多石的地. =>Usage at earth 用法见earth. 3 (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) (a) [C] piece of land (often with associated buildings) used for a particular purpose 场地: * a `football, `cricket, `sports, recre`ation ground * a pa`rade-ground * a `playground * The cheers of the fans echoed round the ground as the team appeared. 球队刚一上场, 球迷的欢呼声立即响遍全场. (b) grounds [pl] large area of land or sea used for the stated purpose （作某用途的）地域或水域: * `fishing, `hunting grounds 渔场、 猎场. 4 grounds [pl] land or gardens round a building, often enclosed with walls, hedges or fences 建 物四周的土地或花园（常用墙或篱围起）; 庭园: * The house has extensive grounds. 这房子四周的庭园宽阔. * the grounds of Buckingham Palace 白金汉宫的花园. 5 [U] (fig 比喻) area of interest, discussion, etc 兴趣、 讨论等的范围: * They managed to cover quite a lot of ground in a short programme. 他们设法在一个短小的节目中包罗了多方面的内容.

ground1
* go over the same ground, ie discuss a familiar topic 讨论熟悉的题目 * trying to find some common ground between the two sides, ie points on which they can agree 努力找出双方一致之处 * You're on dangerous ground when you criticize his daughter, ie because he will react angrily. 你批评他的女儿就要惹出是非了（因为他生气）. 6 [C esp pl 尤作复数] ~ (for sth/doing sth/to do sth) reason(s) or justification for saying, doing or believing sth 说、 做或相信某事的原因或理由: * You have no grounds for complaint/for complaining. 你没有抱怨的理由. * If you continue to behave like this you will give them/provide them with grounds for dismissing you. 你照这样下去就让他们找到辞退你的理由了. * Desertion is a ground (ie legally sufficient reason) for divorce. 被配偶遗弃是离婚的充足理由. * They had no grounds to arrest him. 他们没有理由逮捕他. * I had to retire on medical grounds/on the grounds of ill health, ie because I was ill. 我因健康的缘故不得已才退休了. * Her claim was disallowed on the ground(s) that she had not paid her premium. 她要求赔款遭到拒绝, 原因是她事先没有交纳保险费. * On what grounds do you make that accusation? 你根据什麽提出那项控告? =>Usage at reason1 用法见reason1. 7 [C] surface on which a design is painted, printed, cut, etc; undecorated part; background （印刷、 雕刻等的）版面, 底子; 背景: a design of pink roses on a white ground 白底粉红玫瑰的花样. 8 [U] bottom of the sea 海底: The ship touched ground a few yards from the shore. 船在距海岸几码处搁浅了. 9 grounds [pl] ground coffee beans after they have been brewed 烘烤後再磨碎的咖啡豆. 10 (idm 习语) above `ground above the surface of the earth 地面之上; 地上. be on firm ground => firm1. below `ground beneath the surface of the earth 地面之下; 地下: Their missile silos are below ground. 他们的导弹发射井在地下. break fresh/new `ground introduce or discover a new method, system, etc; innovate 引进或发现新方法、 制度等; 改革; 革新. cut the ground from under sb's `feet spoil sb's plan, argument, defence, etc by anticipating it （预先采取措施）破坏某人的计画、 论据、 答辩等; 挖墙脚; 拆台. forbidden ground => forbid. gain/make up ground (on sb/sth) get gradually closer to sb/sth going in the same direction as oneself 逐渐追及某人[某事物]: The police car was gaining ground on the robbers. 警车逐渐追上劫匪.

ground2
* (fig 比喻) How can we make up ground on our competitors? 我们怎样才能赶上竞争对手? get off the `ground (of activities, enterprises, etc) make a successful start （指活动、 事业等）顺利开始. give/lose `ground (to sb/sth) (a) retreat 撤退. (b) get gradually less far ahead of sb/sth going in the same direction 被追上来的某人[某事物]逐渐赶上: The leader is losing ground as the rest of the runners accelerate. 领先者在其馀赛跑者加速时就逐渐失去了优势. * (fig 比喻) The gas lamp gradually lost ground to (ie was replaced by) electric lighting. 电灯逐步取代了煤气灯. go/run to earth/ground => earth. have/keep a/one's ear to the ground => ear1. have, etc one's/both feet on the ground => foot1. hold/keep/stand one's `ground maintain one's claim, intention, argument, etc; not yield or give way 坚持主张、 意图、 论点等; 不屈服; 不让步. keep both/one's feet on the ground => foot. on the `ground amongst ordinary people 在普通人中: There's a lot of support for our policies on the ground. 我们的政策在一般群众中得到普遍拥护. prepare the ground (for sth) make the development of sth possible or easier 使某事物能够或容易发展: Early experiments with military rockets prepared the ground for space travel. 早年对军用火箭进行的实验为发展航天技术奠定了基础. run sb/sth into the `ground (infml 口) wear sb/sth out completely; exhaust sb/sth 使某人精疲力竭; 耗尽某物: By working 13 hours a day she is running herself into the ground. 她一天工作13小时, 眼看就要累垮了. * Unable to afford a new car, we had to run the old one into the ground. 我们因为买不起新汽车, 只得把那辆旧的用坏为止. shift/change one's `ground change the basis of one's argument, claim, etc 改变论点、 主张等的依据; 改变观点: Just when you think you've proved him wrong, he shifts his ground. 你刚以为你已经证实他错了, 他就改变观点了. suit sb down to the ground => suit2. thinon the ground => thin. to the `ground (of destroying,demolishing, etc) completely; utterly （指毁坏、 拆除等）全部, 完全: The building was burned to the ground. 该建 物已全部焚毁.

ground3
复合： `ground-bait n [U] food thrown to the bottom of a river, lake, etc by an angler to attract fish （钓鱼人投入水底的）诱饵. `ground control personnel, system or equipment (stationed on the ground) whose job is to ensure the safe flight of aircraft or spacecraft （保证飞行器安全飞行的）地面导航人员、 系统或设备. `ground crew people at an airfield whose job is to repair, refuel, etc aircraft （机场的）地勤人员. ,ground `floor 1 floor of a building at ground level, not upstairs 建 物与地面相平的一层; 一楼: [attrib 作定语] at ground-floor level 与一楼地面相平 * a,ground-floor `flat 一楼的单元. =>Usage at floor1 用法见floor1. 2 (idm 习语) be/get in on the ground `floor (infml 口) join an enterprise at its beginning （在一企业开创时）加入其中. `ground-nut n = peanut. `ground-plan n (drawing representing the) lay-out of a building at ground level 建 物的一楼平面设计（图）. `ground-rent n [U, C] rent paid for the use of land leased for building （租用建 用地的）地租. `ground rule (usu pl 通常作复数) basic principle 基本原则: The new code of conduct lays down the ground rules for management-union relations. 新的管理章程为劳资关系确定了基本的原则. `groundsheet n waterproof sheet spread on the ground, eg under bedding in a tent 铺於地面的防水布（如帐篷内铺在被褥下者）. `groundsman[-mEn; -mEn] n person who maintains a sports ground 运动场管理员. `ground speed speed of an aircraft relative to the ground （飞行器的）地速. Cf 参看 air speed (air1) `ground staff 1 people at a sports ground whose job is to maintain the condition of grass, equipment, etc 运动场管理人员. 2 = ground crew. `ground swell 1 heavy slow-moving waves caused by a distant or recent storm or earthquake 长涌浪（由远方或刚过去的暴风或地震引起的移动缓慢的巨浪）.

ground4
2 (fig 比喻) rapidly developing general feeling or opinion 迅速高涨的情绪或舆论声势: Opinion polls have detected a ground swell of support for the Socialists. 民意测验表明拥护社会党的情绪高涨. `groundwork n [U] ~ (for sth) preparatory work that provides the basis for sth 为某事打基础的准备工作.

groundless
[5graundlis; 5graundlis] adj without foundationor good reason 无根据的; 无理由的: * groundless anxiety, rumours, allegations 无理由的焦虑、 无根据的谣言、 无根据的供述 * Our fears proved groundless. 我们感到恐惧是毫无道理的. > groundlessly adv.

groundsel
[5graunsl; 5graunsl] n [U] weed with yellow flowers, sometimes used as food for certain cage-birds 千里光（开黄花的草, 有时用作某些笼养鸟的食物）.

group
[gru:p; grup] n [CGp] 1 number of people or things gathered, placed or acting together, or naturally associated 群; 团体; 组; 类: * a group of girls, trees, houses, etc 一群女孩子、 一片树林、 一片房子 * A group of us are going up to London for the day. 我们有些人要去伦敦一天. * people standing about in groups 一群一群在各处站着的人 * an `age group, ie people of the same age 年龄组（年龄相同的人） * Our di`scussion group is/are meeting this week. 我们的讨论小组本周开会. * a `drama group, ie small club for acting 戏剧小组 * the Germanic group of languages 日耳曼语系 * What `blood group are you? 你是什麽血型? * [attrib 作定语] a group ac`tivity, ie done by people in a group 集体活动. 2 set of jointly-controlled business companies, eg as the result of a merger （公司联营的）集团: * a `newspaper group 报业集团 * the `Burton Group 伯顿集团 * [attrib 作定语] the group sales director 集团的销售董事. 3 set of musicians performing pop music together 流行音乐的乐团. 派生： group v [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ (sb/sth) (round sb/sth); ~ (sb/sth) (together) gather or form (sb/sth) into a group or groups 使（某人[某事物]）集合、 聚集、 成群、 成组或归类: The police grouped (themselves) round the demonstrators. 警察围聚在示威者的四周. * Group together in fours! 每四人一组! groupie[5gru:pi; 5grupi] n (infml 口) keen supporter (esp a young girl) who follows pop groups to concerts given on tour （在流行音乐乐团巡回演出时到处尾随的）歌迷（尤指少女）. grouping n set of individuals with sth in common, esp acting together within a larger organization 小集团（尤指大组织中行动一致的）: various anti-leadership groupings within the party 党内形形色色的反领导小集团. 复合： `group captain officer in the British air force between the ranks of wing commander and air commodore （英国）空军上校. =>App 9 见附录9.

group1
group practice set of doctors who work jointly, use the same premises, etc 集体开业. ,group `therapy form of treatment in which people with similar psychological problems meet together to discuss them 集体疗法（使有同一心理症状的病人在一起讨论病情的方法）.

grouse
1[graus; graus] n (pl unchanged 复数不变) (a) [C] small dark bird of northern hilly areas, shot for sport and food 松鸡; 松鸡类: * [attrib 作定语] `grouse shooting on the moors of Scotland and northern England 在苏格兰与英格兰北部之松鸡猎场上猎松鸡. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page v. (b) [U] its flesh as food 松鸡肉: * roast grouse 烤松鸡肉.

grove
[grEuv; grov] n group of trees; small wood 树丛; 小树林: * an olive grove 橄榄树丛.

grovel
[5grCvl; 5gravl] v (-ll-; US -l-) (derog 贬) 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (to/before sb) lie or crawl with the face downwards in a show of humility or fear 趴伏, 匍匐（作谦卑或恐惧状）: * Those who wished a favour of the emperor had to grovel on hands and knees before him. 凡希望受到皇帝恩宠的人都要拜倒在他面前. 2 (fig 比喻) [I, Ipr] ~ (to sb) (for sth) behave with a show of humility or shame 带着谦卑或羞愧的样子行事: * You will just have to grovel to the bank manager for a loan. 你只得低声下气地向银行经理借贷. 3 (phr v) grovel about/around move about on one's hands and knees; crawl about 四处爬行; 爬来爬去: * grovelling around under the table looking for a pin 在桌子下爬来爬去寻找一根针. 派生： grovelling[5grCvEliN; 5gravliN] adj excessively humble; abject 过分谦逊的; 可鄙的: * a grovelling apology 低声下气的道歉.

grow
[grEu; gro] v (pt grew/gru:; gru] , pp grown/grEUn; gron/) 1 [La, I] increase in size or quantity; become greater （体积或数量的）增加; 变大: * How tall you've grown! 你都长这麽高了! * A growing child needs plenty of sleep. 正发育的孩子必须睡眠充足. * She wants to let her hair grow, ie not have it cut short. 她要留头发. * You must invest if you want your business to grow. 要想使生意扩大, 必须投资. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (from sth) (into sth) develop, esp into a mature or an adult form 生长; 发育（尤指成熟或成年）: * Rice does not grow in a cold climate. 稻在寒冷的气候下不能生长. * Plants grow from seeds. 植物是由种子发育而成的. * Tadpoles grow into frogs. 蝌蚪能长成蛙. * (fig 比喻) grow in stature, wisdom, etc 提高名望、 增长智慧. 3 [La] become (gradually) （逐渐）变成; 渐变: * grow old (er), rich (er), etc 变得年纪大（些）、 富（些）等 * grow small (er), weak (er), etc 变得年纪小（些）、 弱（些）等 * It began to grow dark. 天渐渐黑了. * I grew tired of waiting, and left. 我等得不耐烦了就走了. 4 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) cause or allow sth to grow 使某物生长; 种植: * grow roses 种玫瑰 * grow a beard 蓄胡须 * grow onions from seed 用种子种洋葱. 5 [It] reach the point or stage at which one does the specified thing 达到做某事的程度或地步: * He grew increasingly to rely on her. 他越来越依赖她了. * She has a hot temper, but you will soon grow to like her. 她脾气躁, 但不久你就会喜欢她了. 6 (idm 习语) big, etc oaks from little acorns grow => oak. let the grass grow under one's feet => grass1. (not) grow on trees be (not) plentiful, easily obtained, etc （不）多, 易获得等: * Don't spend so much money doesn't grow on trees, you know. 别花这麽多--钱不是容易挣的. 7 (phr v) grow away from sb come to have a less close, less easy relationship with sb 与某人逐渐疏远、 不太融洽:

grow1
* a teenage girl growing away from her mother 跟自己的母亲逐渐疏远的少女. grow into sth (no passive 不用於被动语态) (a) become sth (gradually, with the passage of time) 渐渐成为或变得: * She is growing into a beautiful young woman. 她渐渐出落成美丽的姑娘. * He has grown into an old miser. 他已经变成老守财奴了. (b) become big enough to fit (clothes) 长得大以适合於（衣服）: * The coat is too big for him now, but he will grow into it. 这上衣他现在穿还太大, 等他长大些再穿就合适了. (c) become accustomed to (a new job, role or activity) 变得习惯於（新工作、 角色、 或活动）: * She is a good actress, but still needs time to grow into the part she is playing. 她是个好演员, 但仍需要时间去熟悉她要扮演的角色. grow on sb (no passive 不用於被动语态) (a) become more firmly established in sb 对某人的影响变得更深: * a habit that grows on you if you are not careful 若不在意就变成根深蒂固的习惯. (b) come to have a greater attraction for sb; win the liking of sb 渐渐对某人产生更大的吸引力; 赢得某人的喜爱: * a book, piece of music, etc that grows on you 渐渐把人迷住的书、 乐曲等. grow out of sth (a) become too big to wear sth 长得高大而不能穿某物: * grow out of one's clothes 长得高大致使穿不下自己原来的衣服. (b) become too old for sth and stop doing it 年龄增长不再做某事: * grow out of children's games, etc 年龄大了不再做儿童游戏等. (c) (no passive 不用於被动语态) have sth as a source 由某事物而产生: * My interest in the art of India grew out of the time I spent there during the war. 战争时期我在印度时对其艺术产生了兴趣. grow up (a) (of people or animals) reach the stage of full development; become adult or mature （指人或动物）长大; 成年; 成熟: * She's growing up fast. 她长得很快. * Oh, grow up! ie Behave in a more mature way. 噢, 别那麽不懂事了（表现得成熟些吧）! Cf 参看 grown up

grow2
(grown). (b) develop 发展: * A close friendship gradually grew up between them. 他们之间的友谊日益亲密. 派生： grower n (usu in compounds 通常用以构成复合词) 1 person who grows things 种植者: a `fruit-grower 种果木者 * `rose-growers 种玫瑰者. 2 plant that grows in a certain way 以某种方式生长的植物: a quick grower 早熟植物. growing adj increasing 增长中的; 发展中的: his growing indifference to her 他对她的逐渐冷淡 * a growing problem 越来越大的问题 * a popular club with a growing membership 会员不断增多、 广受欢迎的俱乐部. `growing pains (a) pains in the limbs of young children, popularly believed to be caused by rapid growth 发育期痛（儿童或少年的四肢疼痛, 一般认为系因发育迅速所致）. (b) (fig 比喻) problems arising while a new enterprise is developing 新事业发展过程中所产生的问题: The business is still suffering from growing pains. 该企业在发展中仍面临许多难题.

growl
[graul; graul] v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (at sb/sth) (of animals or thunder) make a low threatening sound （指动物或雷）作低沉的怒吼声; 作狺狺的叫声; 作隆隆声: * The dog growled at the intruder. 狗向闯入者狺狺狂吠. * The thunder growled in the distance. 雷在远处隆隆地响. * (fig 比喻) He's in a really bad mood today, growling at (ie speaking angrily to) everyone. 他今天情绪很坏, 跟谁说话都动气. 2 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (out) say sth in a low threatening voice 以低声的威胁口吻说某事: * He growled out an answer. 他低声威胁着回答. 派生： growl n low threatening sound or remark 低沉而吓人的声音; 低声说的带威胁口吻的话.

grown
[grEun; gron] adj [attrib 作定语] adult; mature 长大的; 成年的; 成熟的: * a grown man 成人 * a full-grown/fully grown elephant 发育成熟的象. Cf 参看 grow 2. 复合： ,grown `up adult; mature 长大的; 成年的; 成熟的: What do you want to be when you're grown up? 你长大了想做什麽? * [attrib 作定语] his ,grown-up `son 他成年的儿子 * Try to behave in a more grown-up way. 要尽量表现得成熟些. grown-up[5grEunQp; 5gron7Qp] n adult person (contrasted with a child) 成年人（与儿童相对）.

growth
[grEuW; groW] n 1 [U] (a) (process of) growing; development 生长（过程）; 发展: * the rapid growth of plants, of hair, of inflation, of the economy 植物的迅速生长、 毛发的迅速生长、 通货膨胀的迅速加剧、 经济的迅速发展 * Lack of water will stunt the plant's growth. 缺水会影响植物的生长. * a phenomenon of comparatively recent growth, ie that has developed recently 近期产生的现象 * [attrib 作定语] a growth industry, ie one which is developing faster than most others 发展特别快的行业. (b) ~ (in/of sth) increase 增加; 增长: * the recent growth in/of violent crime 近期暴力罪行的增加. 2 [U] increase in economic activity, profitability, etc 经济活动、 收益等的增加: * The government has decided to go for growth, ie a policy of increased production, spending, etc. 政府已决定促进经济发展. * [attrib 作定语] Japan's growth rate 日本的增长率. 3 [sing] thing that grows or has grown 生长物; 长成物: * a thick growth of weeds 杂草丛生 * a week's growth of beard 长了一星期的胡须. 4 [C] abnormal or diseased formation in the body (eg a tumour or cancer) 体内不正常的或有病变的生长物（如肿瘤或癌）; 瘤; 癌: * a (non-)malignant growth 恶[良]性肿瘤.

groyne
(US groin)[grCin; grCin] n structure of wood, stone or concrete, built to prevent sand and pebbles from being washed away by the sea, the current of a river, etc 防波堤; 折流坝. =>illus at coast 见coast插图.

grub
1[grQb; grQb] n 1 [C] larva of an insect 蛴螬; 蛆. 2 [U] (infml 口) food 食物: * Grub's up! ie The meal is ready! 吃饭了!

grubby
[5grQbi; 5grQbi] adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) dirty; unwashed 肮脏的; 不洁的: * grubby hands 脏手 * (fig 比喻) a grubby (ie unsavoury) scandal 丑闻. > grubbiness n [U].

grudge
[grQdV; grQdV] v [Tn, Tg, Tsg, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) feel resentful about sth; do or give sth very unwillingly 怨恨某事物; 勉强做某事或给某物: * He grudges every penny he has to spend. 他每花一便士都非常吝惜. * I grudge paying so much for such inferior goods. 我不愿花这麽多钱买次品. * He grudges her earning more than he does. 他嫉妒她挣的比他多. * I don't grudge him his success, ie I admit he deserves it. 我认为他成功是理所当然的. * She would grudge a penny even to the poorest beggar, ie She is very mean. 她连给最穷的乞丐一个便士都舍不得. 派生： grudge n ~ (against sb) feeling of ill-will, envy, resentment, spite, etc 恶意; 嫉妒; 怨恨; 遗憾: I bear him no grudge. 我对他没有怨恨. * He has a grudge against me. 他对我有恶意. * He has been harbouring/nursing a grudge against me. 他一直对我心怀嫉妒. * [attrib 作定语] a grudge fight, ie when one boxer, etc has a grudge against the other 彼此结怨的拳手互斗. grudging adj unwilling; reluctant 不情愿的; 勉强的: a grudging admission 勉强的承认 * grudging praise 不情愿的赞扬. grudgingly adv: The boss grudgingly raised my salary. 老板很不情愿地给我加了薪.

gruel
[5gru:El; 5gruEl] n [U] simple dish made of oatmeal, etc boiled in milk or water （以牛奶或水煮燕麦片等制成的）简便食物; 麦片粥.

gruelling
(US grueling)[5gru:EliN; 5gruEliN] adj severe; exhausting 严厉的; 使人筋疲力竭的: * a gruelling climb, race, trial, ordeal, etc 使人筋疲力竭的攀登、 竞赛、 审讯、 考验等.

gruesome
[5gru:sEm; 5grusEm] adj filling one with horror or disgust; frightful 令人恐怖的; 讨厌的; 可怕的: * After the slaughter, the battlefield was a gruesome sight. 经过这场 杀, 战场上一派触目惊心的惨状. > gruesomely adv. gruesomeness n [U].

gruff
[grQf; grQf] adj (of a person, his voice or behaviour) rough; surly （指人、 其声音或行为）粗野的, 粗暴的: * Beneath his gruff exterior he's really very kind-hearted. 他外表粗鲁, 心地却十分善良. > gruffly adv. gruffness n [U].

grumble
[5grQmbl; 5grQmbl] v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (at/to sb) (about/at/over sth) complain or protest in a bad-tempered way 发怨言; 鸣不平: * Stop grumbling! You've got nothing to complain about. 别抱怨了! 你没什麽可抱怨的. * Why grumble at me about your own stupid mistakes? 你自己犯了愚蠢的错误, 为什麽向我抱怨? * grumble at one's low pay/at being badly paid 抱怨待遇低[差]. 2 [I, Ip] ~ (away) make a deep continuous sound 发生低沉、 连续的声音: * thunder grumbling (away) in the distance 远方隆隆的雷声 * the sound of one's stomach grumbling 肚子咕咕的叫声 * (fig 比喻) a grumbling (ie intermittently painful) appendix 间歇性疼痛的阑尾. 派生： grumble n 1 complaint 怨言; 牢骚: a person full of grumbles 牢骚满腹的人 * I don't want to hear another grumble from you. 我不愿再听到你的怨言了. 2 rumble 隆隆声; 辘辘声: a distant grumble of thunder 远方雷声隆隆. grumbler[5grQmblE(r); 5grQmbll] n person who grumbles 埋怨者; 发牢骚的人: * He`s a dreadful grumbler. 他是特别爱发牢骚的人.

grummet
[5grQmit; 5grQmit] n = grommet.

grumpy
[5grQmpi; 5grQmpi] adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) bad-tempered; surly 脾气坏的; 脾气暴躁的. > grumpily[-ili; -ili] adv. grumpiness n [U].

grunt
[grQnt; grQnt] v 1 [I] (a) (of animals, esp pigs) make a low rough sound from deep in the throat （指动物, 尤指猪）作哼哼声. (b) (of people) make a similar sound expressing pain, boredom, irritation, etc or indicating inattention or distraction （指人）发类似的哼声（表示痛苦、 厌烦、 恼怒等或表示没注意、 走神儿）: * He grunted as the bullet hit him. 子弹击中他时他疼得哼出声来. * I asked him what he thought, but he just grunted. 我问他在想什麽, 他只哼了一声. * grunting with pain, pleasure, etc 因痛苦、 满足等而哼哼. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) utter sth in a grunting way 咕噜着或哼哼着说某事: * She grunted some incomprehensible reply. 她咕噜着回答了些令人费解的话. 派生： grunt n low rough sound made by an animal or a person （动物或人发出的）咕噜声; 哼哼声: give a grunt of approval, pain, pleasure, etc 发出表示赞成、 痛苦、 满足等的哼声.

gruyere
[5gru:jeE(r); gru'jer] n [U] type of pale firm cheese with large holes 格鲁耶尔乾酪.

gryphon
[5grifEn; 5grifEn] n = griffin.

GT
[7dVi: 'ti:; 7dVi 'ti] abbr 缩写 = (of cars) large tourer (Italian gran turismo) （指汽车）大型轿车（源自意大利文gran turismo）.

guano
[5gwa:nEu; 5gwano] n [U] dung from sea-birds, poultry, etc, used as fertilizer 海鸟、 家禽等的粪（用作肥料）.

guarantee
1[7gArEn'ti:; 7gArEn'ti] n 1 (a) ~ (against sth) promise (usu in writing) that certain conditions agreed to in a transaction will be fulfilled （交易的）保证, 保证书: * The watch comes with a year's guarantee, ie a promise to repair it free for a year after purchase. 这手表保修一年. * It's still under guarantee (ie The guarantee is still valid), so the manufacturer will repair it. 保证书还有效, 所以厂家会给修理的. * provide a guarantee against rust 保不生锈 * You have our guarantee! 我们给你产品保证! * The Soviets are demanding certain guarantees about verification before signing the treaty. 苏联人要求得到有关核实的某些保证後才签约. (b) ~ (of sth/that...) promise given by one person to another that he will be responsible for seeing that sth is done (eg payment of a debt by another person) 担保, 保证（如另一人偿还债务）: * give a guarantee of (one's/sb's) good behaviour 对（自己的[某人的]）良好品行给予保证. (c) document, property, etc offered as security for carrying out the conditions in a guarantee （作为保证物的）契据、 财产等; 抵押品: * `What guarantee can you offer?’ `I can offer my house as a guarantee.’ ‘你用什麽做抵押?’‘我可以拿房子抵押.’ Cf 参看 security 3. 2 person who promises to be responsible for seeing that sth is done 保证人; 担保人: * Are you willing to be a guarantee of your friend's good behaviour, ie undertake to make sure that he behaves himself properly? 你愿担保你朋友品行良好吗? * be sb's guarantee for a loan from the bank 做某人从银行贷款的保证人. 3 ~ (of sth/that...) (infml 口) thing that makes an event likely to happen 担保（某事可能发生）的事物: * Blue skies are not a guarantee of continuing fine weather. 蔚蓝的天空不一定担保天气持续晴朗. * There's no guarantee she won't reject them all, ie She may well do so. 不能保证她不会全盘否定.

guarantor
[7gArEn'tC:(r); 5gArEntCr] n (law 律) person who gives a guarantee(1b, 2) 保证人; 担保人.

guaranty
[5gArEnti; 5gArEnti] n (law 律) guarantee1(1) 保证; 保证书.

guard
1[ga:d; gard] n 1 [U] state of watchfulness against attack, danger or surprise 警戒; 看守; 守望: * a soldier, sentry, etc on guard, ie at his post, on duty 担任警戒的士兵、 哨兵等 * The escaped prisoner was brought back under (close) guard, ie (closely) guarded. 在严密的戒备下将逃犯押回. * policemen keeping guard outside the building 在建 物外面守备的警察 * [attrib 作定语] guard duty 警卫任务 * a guard dog, ie kept to guard a building, etc 警卫犬. 2 [U] position of readiness to defend oneself, eg in boxing, fencing, bayonet-drill 防御姿势（如在拳击、 剑术、 劈刺中）: * drop/keep up one's guard 未作出[保持]防御姿势 * (fig 比喻) an awkward question which got through/penetrated the minister's guard 突破部长防范的尴尬问题. 3 [C] (a) person (esp a soldier or policeman) who watches over sb or sth 警卫（尤指士兵、 警察）: * The prisoner slipped past the guards on the gate and escaped. 犯人从大门口的警卫身旁溜过逃走了. * a se`curity guard, ie one responsible for protecting property, a building, its grounds, etc against entry by intruders, burglars, etc 守卫者 * `border guards 边防战士. (b) (esp US) (Brit warder) person who watches over prisoners in gaol 监狱看守. 4 (a) the guard [Gp] group of soldiers who protect buildings, etc 警卫队: * the changing of the guard, ie replacing of one such group by another, eg at Buckingham Palace 换岗（如白金汉宫之更换警卫） * The guard are being inspected today. 警卫队今天要接受检阅. * double the guard (in an emergency), ie have twice the usual number of sentries on duty 派双岗（在紧急情况下派两倍於平时数目的哨兵上岗）. (b) [CGp] body of soldiers with the duty of protecting, honouring or escorting sb 卫士队; 仪仗队: * On his arrival the president inspected the guard of honour. 总统抵达时, 检阅了仪仗队.

guard1
5 the Guards [pl] (in Britain and some other countries) regiments whose original duty was to protect the sovereign （英国和某些国家的）禁卫军; 警卫部队: * the Royal `Horse Guards 禁卫骑兵队 * [attrib 作定语] a Guards officer 禁卫队军官. 6 [C] (Brit) person in charge of a railway train 列车长. 7 [C] (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) (part of an) article or apparatus designed to prevent injury or loss 保护器; 防护罩; 防卫物: * Ensure the guard is in place before operating the machine. 将防护罩确实放好後再开机器. * a `fire-guard, ie in front of a fireplace * a `mudguard, ie over the wheel of a bicycle, etc. 8 (idm 习语) mount guard => mount. off/on one's `guard unprepared/prepared for an attack, a surprise or a mistake 失去[保持]警惕: * be on one's guard against saying the wrong thing 提防说错话 * put sb on his guard 使某人提防 * The lawyer's seemingly innocent question caught the witness off his guard. 那个律师提出的似乎无关痛痒的问题, 把证人问得措手不及. stand `guard (over sb/sth) act as a sentry 站岗; 守卫: * Four soldiers stood guard over the coffin. 四个士兵守卫灵柩. 复合： `guardhouse n building with the same function as a guardroom 卫兵室; 禁闭室. `guard-rail n protective rail, eg to prevent people falling off a staircase or to separate them from dangerous traffic 护栏. `guardroom n room for soldiers on guard or for keeping military prisoners 卫兵室; 禁闭室. `guardsman[-mEn; -mEn] n (pl -men[-mEn; -mEn] ) soldier in the Guards 禁卫队之士兵. `guard's van (Brit) (US caboose) carriage in which the guard on a train travels 守车（火车上警卫人员乘坐的车厢）.

guardian
[5ga:diEn; 5gardiEn] n 1 one who guards or protects sth 保护者; 保卫者; 维护者: * The police are guardians of law and order. 警察是维护法纪的人. * a self-appointed guardian of public morality 自封的卫道士. 2 (law 律) person who is legally responsible for sb who cannot manage his own affairs, eg an orphaned child 保护人; 监护人. 派生： `guardianship n [U] position or office of a guardian 监护人的职责. 复合： ,guardian `angel 1 spirit that supposedly protects and guides a person or place 守护天使. 2 person who behaves like this 守护者.

guava
[5gwa:vE; 5gwavE] n (tropical tree with a) fruit having a light yellow skin and pink or white edible flesh 番石榴树, 番石榴（生长於热带）.

gubernatorial
[7gu:bEnE'tC:riEl; 7gubEnE'tCriEl] adj (fml 文) (in US, Nigeria, etc) of a (state) governor （美 国、 尼日利亚等）州长的.

gudgeon
[5gQdVEn; 5gQdVEn] n small freshwater fish used as bait （小型淡水鱼, 可作钓饵）.

guelder rose
[7geldE 'rEuz; 5geldl7roz] shrub with round bunches of white flowers 绣球花（灌木、 开白花）.

guerrilla
(also guerilla)[gE'rilE; gE'rilE] n person (not a member of a regular army) engaged in fighting in small secret groups 游击队员: * urban guerrillas, ie those who fight in towns only 城市游击队员 * [attrib 作定语] guerrilla war/warfare, ie fought on one side or both sides by guerrillas 游击战.

guess
[ges; ges] v 1 (a) [I, Ipr, Tn, Tf, Tw, Tnt] ~ (at sth) give an answer, form an opinion or make a statement about (sth) without calculating or measuring and without definite knowledge 猜想; 估计; 臆测; 推测: * You don't know. You're just guessing! 你不知道. 你只管猜! * guess at an answer 猜答案 * guess right/wrong 猜对[错] * `Can you guess her age/guess how old she is?’ `I'd guess that she's about 30/guess her to be about 30.’ ‘你能猜出她的年龄吗?’‘我估计她大概30岁.’ (b) [Tn, Tf, Tw no passive 不用於被动语态] do this correctly 猜出; 猜着; 猜中: * She guessed the answer straight away. 她马上就猜中了答案. * I knew by her smile that she had guessed what I was thinking. 我从她的微笑知道她猜着了我在想什麽. * You'll never guess how they got in! 你永远也猜不透他们是怎麽进去的! 2 [no passive 不用於被动语态: * Tn, Tf] (infml 口 esp US) suppose (sth); consider likely 推测（某事）; 认为可能: * I guess you're feeling tired after your journey. 我想你在旅行之後一定感到很疲劳. * `Will you be there?’ `I guess so.’ ‘你那时能在那里吗?’‘我想可能在.’ 3 (idm 习语) keep sb `guessing (infml 口) keep sb uncertain about one's plans, etc 使别人对自己的计划等犹豫不定. 派生： guess n 1 ~ (at sth); ~ (that...) opinion formed by guessing 猜测; 猜想: have/make a guess (at sth) （对某事）加以猜想 * If I might hazard a guess, I'd say she was about 30. 要是让我猜的话, 我说她大概30岁. * My guess is that it will rain soon. 我猜一会儿要下雨. * Your guess is as good as mine, ie I do not know. 我跟你一样都不知道. * I'll give you three guesses! ie The answer is fairly obvious and you should guess it easily. 我让你猜叁次（你显然一猜就能猜中）! 2 (idm 习语) `anybody's guess fact that no one can be sure about 无人能说得准的事: What will happen is anybody's guess! 要发生什麽事, 谁也说不准! at a `guess making a guess 依猜测: `How old is she?’ `At a guess, about 30.’ ‘她有多大年纪?’‘凭猜测, 大概30岁.’ an educated guess => educate.

guess1
复合： guesstimate[5gestimEt; 5gestEmEt] n (infml 口) estimate made by combining guessing wih reasoning （凭猜测的）估计; 瞎估计; 瞎猜. `guesswork n [U] guessing 猜测; 臆断: obtain an answer by pure guesswork 全凭猜测得出答案.

guest
[gest; gest] n 1 person invited to visit one's house or being entertained at one's expense 宾客; 客人: * We are expecting guests this weekend. 我们本周末要来客人. * He invited her to be his guest for the evening at the theatre. 他邀请她晚上去看戏. * an uninvited guest 不速之客 * the guest of honour (ie most important guest) at a banquet 宴会上的贵宾. 2 person staying at a hotel, boarding house, etc 住在旅馆、 寄宿处等的人; 旅客: * This hotel has accommodation for 500 guests. 这旅馆能接待500位客人. * a paying guest, ie one living in a private house, but paying as if in a hotel 寄宿客（住於私人家中如住旅馆一样付费者）. 3 visiting performer taking part in an entertainment 客串演员; 特约演出者: * tonight's guests on the chat show 今晚谈天说地节目的特约嘉宾 * [attrib 作定语] a guest artist, singer, conductor, etc 特约艺术家、 歌唱家、 指挥等. 4 person specially invited to visit a place, participate in a conference, etc 受特别邀请访问某地、 参加某会议等的人; 特邀来宾: * The scientists are visiting this country as guests of the government. 这些科学家获该国政府特别邀请正在进行访问. * [attrib 作定语] a guest speaker 特邀演讲者. 5 (idm 习语) be my `guest (infml 口) (used as a response to a request 用作请求的答语) please do 请便; 随便: * `May I see the newspaper?’ `Be my guest!’ ‘我可以看这份报吗?’‘随便! 派生： guest v [I, Ipr] ~ (on sth) (infml 口) appear as a guest(3) on a television or radio programme （在电视或广播节目中）客串. 复合： `guest-house n boarding house 高级寄宿舍; 宾馆; 招待所. `guest-night n evening on which members of a club or other society may invite guests （俱乐部等社团）招待来宾的夜晚; 来宾之夜. `guest-room n bedroom kept for the use of guests 供宾客用的寝室; 客房.

guffaw
[gE'fC:; gE'fC] v (derog 贬) [I] give a noisy laugh 哄笑; 大笑. 派生： guffaw n such a laugh 哄笑; 大笑: let out a loud guffaw 发出哄然大笑.

guidance
[5gaidns; 5gaidns] n [U] guiding or being guided; leadership; direction 引导; 领导; 指导: * be under sb's guidance 在某人的指导下 * parental guidance, ie guidance by parents 受父母指教 * child guidance, ie (system of) help given to children with social or psychological problems 儿童指导（制度）（对与人交往或心理方面有问题的儿童给予帮助） * [attrib 作定语] a missile guidance system 导弹制导系统.

guide
[gaid; gaid] n 1 person who shows others the way, esp a person employed to point out interesting sights on a journey or visit 向导; （尤指）导游: * I know the place well, so let me be your guide. 我熟悉那地方, 我来当你们的向导. * The tour guide gave a running commentary from the front of the coach. 导游在旅游车的前部向游客作连续的现场解说. * We engaged a guide to show us the way across the mountians. 我们雇了个向导带领我们翻山越岭. 2 thing that helps one form an opinion, make a calculation, etc 有助於形成意见、 作出估计等的事物; 有指导意义的事物: * The essay needn't be too long; as a rough guide, you should write about three pages. 论文不必过长, 大致应写叁页左右. 3 adviser; person or thing that directs or influences one's behaviour 指导者; 指导或影响个人行为的人或事: * His elder sister had been his guide, counsellor and friend. 他姐姐过去一直指导他, 给他出主意, 是他的朋友. * Instinct is not always a good guide. 凭本能行事不一定都对. 4 ~ (to sth) (a) (also `guidebook) book for travellers, tourists, etc with information about a place （旅行、 游览等）指南: * a guide to Italy, to the British Museum, etc 意大利旅行指南、 大英博物馆参观要览. (b) book giving information about a subject 入门书: * a guide to French wines 法国酒类手册 * a gardening guide 园艺入门. 5 Guide = Girl Guide (girl). 复合： `guide-dog n dog trained to guide a blind person 导盲犬. `guide-line n (usu pl 通常作复数) advice (usu from sb in authority) on policy （政策的）指导方针: drawing up guide-lines on prices and incomes 拟订物价和收入的指标 * follow the guide-lines closely 遵循指导方针.

guild
[gild; gild] n [CGp] society of people with similar interests and aims, esp one of the associations of craftsmen or merchants in the Middle Ages 协会; 行会; （尤指中世纪的）基尔特: * the guild of barber-surgeons 理发师--外科医生同业公会 * the Townswomen's Guild 城市妇女协会. 复合： ,guild-`hall (a) hall in which members of a guild met in the Middle Ages （中世纪同业公会的）会馆. (b) the `Guild-hall hall of the Corporation of the City of London, used for banquets, receptions, etc 伦敦市政厅.

guilder
[5gildE(r); 5gildl] n (also gulden) unit of money in the Netherlands 荷兰盾（荷兰货币单位）.

guile
[gail; gail] n [U] deceit; cunning 欺诈; 狡猾: * a man full of guile 奸诈的人 * get sth by guile 诈取某物. > guileful[-fl; -fEl] adj. guilefully[-fEli; -fEli] adv. guileless adj. guilelessly adv.

guillemot
[5gilimCt; 5gilE7mat] n (type of) northern sea-bird with black and white plumage and a long narrow beak 海鸽, 海鸠（北方海鸟, 长有黑色和白色羽毛, 嘴狭长）.

guillotine
[5gilEti:n; 5gilE7tin] n 1 machine of French origin for cutting people's heads off, consisting of a heavy blade which slides in grooves and is dropped from a height （源於法国的）断头台. 2 machine with a long blade for cutting or trimming large quantities of paper (eg in book-binding) or for cutting metal 切纸机（如用於书籍装订者）; （金属）截切机. =>illus 见插图. 3 (fig Brit politics 比喻, 政) setting of a time limit for discussion of a bill in Parliament so as to prevent it being obstructed by too much debate （议会中）截止辩论的时限. Cf 参看 closure 2. 派生：guillotine v [Tn] use the guillotine on (sb/sth) 用断头台处死（某人）; 用切纸机或切截机切割（某物）; （议会中）截止辩论（某事）.

guilt
[gilt; gilt] n [U] 1 (law 律) condition or fact of having done wrong 有罪, 罪状: * The police established his guilt beyond all doubt. 警方确凿地认定他有罪. 2 blame or responsibility for wrongdoing 责任; 罪责: * find out where the guilt lies, ie who is to blame 找出罪责之所在（何人之过） * Guilt was written all over her face, ie She was obviously to blame. 她的罪过都写在脸上了（显而易见她有罪）. 3 anxiety or unhappiness caused by the knowledge of having done wrong 不安; 内疚: * racked by feelings of guilt because he had not done enough to help his sick friend 因朋友生病未尽力帮助而内疚 * [attrib 作定语] a guilt complex 犯罪情结. 派生： guiltless adj ~ (of sth) innocent; without guilt 无辜的; 无罪的: guiltless of the offence 无罪. guilty adj (-ier, -iest) 1 ~ (of sth) (esp law 尤用於法律) having done wrong; being to blame (for sth) 有罪的; 犯罪的; （对某事）有罪责的: plead guilty to a crime 认罪 * The verdict of the jury was `not guilty', ie innocent. 陪审团裁决无罪. * be found guilty of negligence 被判犯有玩忽职守罪 * the guilty party, ie person to blame 有罪者. 2 showing or feeling guilt 表现有罪的; 感觉有罪的: look guilty 显出有罪的样子 * I feel guilty about visiting her so rarely. 我因极少去看望她而感到惭愧. * guilty looks 感到有罪的表情 * a guilty conscience, ie conscience troubled by feelings of guilt 内疚. guiltily[-IlI; -ElI/ adv: She looked up guiltily as I came in. 我进来时, 她内疚地抬起了头. guiltiness n [U].

guinea
fowl

Guinness
[5ginis; 5ginis] n [U, C] (propr 专利名) kind of dark bitter beer; glass of this 吉尼斯黑啤酒; 一杯吉尼斯黑啤酒: * a pint of draught Guinness 一品脱散装吉尼斯黑啤酒.

guise
[gaiz; gaiz] n 1 (arch 古) style of dress 装束: * in the guise of a knight 作骑士装束. 2 outward manner or appearance, esp put on in order to conceal the truth 态度; 相貌; （尤指）伪装: * under the guise (ie pretence) of friendship 以友谊为掩饰 * an ancient tale which appears in various guises in several European languages 以几种欧洲语言叙述的一个古老故事.

guitar
[gi'ta:(r); gi'tar] n (usu) six-stringed musical instrument, plucked with the fingers or a plectrum 吉他; 六弦琴: * strum a guitar 漫不经心地弹吉他 * a classical/an electric/a Spanish guitar 古典[电/西班牙]吉他. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page i. 派生： guitarist/gi'ta:rist; gi'tarist] n guitar player 吉他手.

gulch
[gQltF; gQltF] n (US) deep narrow rocky valley 峡谷.

gulden
[5guldEn; 5guldEn] n (pl unchanged or ~s 复数或不变或作 guldens) = guilder.

gulf
[gQlf; gQlf] n 1 part of the sea almost surrounded by land 海湾: * the Gulf of Mexico 墨西哥湾. 2 (a) (rhet 修辞) deep hollow in the ground; chasm; abyss 沟壑; 深坑; 深渊: * a yawning gulf opened up by an earthquake 地震造成的裂缝. (b) ~ (between A and B); ~ (in sth) (fig 比喻) area of difference; division (in opinions, etc) 鸿沟; （意见等的）分歧: * The gulf between the two leaders cannot be bridged, ie Their opinions are so far apart that they cannot be reconciled. 两位领导人之间的鸿沟难以逾越. 复合： the `Gulf Stream warm current flowing across the Atlantic Ocean from the Gulf of Mexico towards Europe 墨西哥湾流（从墨西哥湾横过大西洋, 流向欧洲的暖流）.

gull
1[gQl; gQl] (also `seagull) n any of several types of large long-winged sea-bird with usu white and grey or black feathers 鸥. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page v.

gullet
[5gQlit; 5gQlit] n food passage from the mouth to the stomach; throat 食道; 咽喉: * a bone stuck in one's gullet 卡在喉咙里的骨头. =>illus at digestive 见digestive插图.

gullible
[5gQlEbl; 5gQlEbl] adj willing to believe anything or anyone; easily deceived 轻信的; 易受欺骗的: * He must have been pretty gullible to fall for that old trick. 他准是有点儿傻, 才落入那惯用的圈套. > gullibility/ 9gQlE-5bIlEtI; 9^QlE`bIlEtI/ n [U]. gullibly[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv.

gully
[5gQli; 5gQli] n 1 narrow channel cut or formed by rain-water, eg on a hillside, or made for carrying water away from a building （山腰等地的）水冲沟; 壑; 溪谷; 沟渠. 2 (in cricket) close fielding position between cover point and slip （板球）（後卫与外场员之间的）防守位置.

gulp
[gQlp; gQlp] v 1 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (down) swallow (food or drink) quickly or greedily 快速或贪婪地吞 （食物或饮料）: * gulp one's food 狼吞虎 地吃东西 * gulp down a cup of tea 一口气喝下一杯茶. 2 [I] make a swallowing motion 吞 ; : * She gulped nervously, as if the question bothered her. 她紧张地 了一下, 似乎那问题把她难住了. 3 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (in) breathe (air) deeply, (as if) to recover from partial suffocation 深呼吸; 喘大气; 喘长气: * She crawled onto the river bank and lay there gulping in air. 她爬上河岸, 躺在那里喘着大气. 4 (phr v) gulp sth back prevent (the expression of emotion) by swallowing （以吞 动作）抑制（感情的流露）; 下; 回: * She gulped back her tears and tried to smile. 她 下眼泪, 强作笑容. 派生： gulp n 1 act of gulping 吞 : swallow/sob with loud gulps 大声吞 [抽泣]. 2 mouthful, esp of sth liquid 一大口（尤指液体）: a gulp of cold milk 一大口冷牛奶. 3 (idm 习语) at a `gulp with one gulp 一口气吞下: empty a glass at a gulp 一口气喝完一杯.

gum
1[gQm; gQm] n (usu pl 通常作复数) firm pink flesh at the base of the teeth 齿龈; 牙龈; 牙床: * The dog bared its gums at me. 狗呲着牙冲我叫. =>illus at tooth 见tooth插图. 复合： gumboil[5gQmbCil; 5gQm7bCil] n boil or abscess on the gums 龈溃疡; 龈脓肿.

gumbo
[5gQmbEu; 5gQmbo] n [U] (US) thick soup made with the vegetable okra （用秋葵荚做的）浓汤.

gumption
[5gQmpFn; 5gQmpFEn] n [U] (infml 口) common sense and initiative; qualities likely to bring success 常识与进取精神; 魄力: * He's a nice enough lad, but he doesn't seem to have much gumption. 他是个不错的小伙子, 但好像没有什麽进取心.

gun
[gQn; gQn] n 1 [C] any kind of firearm that fires bullets or shells from a metal tube 炮; 枪: * Look out, he's got a gun! 小心, 他拿着枪呢! * a warship with 16-inch guns 装有16英寸口径大炮的军舰 * ma`chine-guns 机关枪. =>illus 见插图. 2 the gun [sing] signal to begin a race, given with a starting pistol （用发令枪发出的）起跑信号; 发令枪声: * Wait for the gun! 等着发令枪响! 3 [C] tool that forces out a substance for injecting; device for fixing sth 喷射用具; 用以固定某物的装置: * a `grease-gun 注油枪 * a `staple-gun U钉枪. 4 [C] person using a sporting gun as a member of a shooting party 猎手. 5 [C] (US infml 口) gunman 杀手; 枪手: * a hired gun 雇佣枪手. 6 (idm 习语) going great guns => great. jump the gun => jump2. spike sb's guns => spike v. stick to one's guns => stick2. 派生： gun v (-nn-) 1 (idm 习语) be gunning for sb (infml 口) be looking for an opportunity to attack or criticize sb 寻找机会攻击或批评某人. 2 (phr v) gun sb down (infml 口) shoot sb, esp so as to kill or seriously injure him 射倒某人（尤指使之伤亡）. 复合： `gunboat n small warship carrying heavy guns or long-range missiles 炮艇. ,gunboat di`plomacy (fig 比喻) diplomacy backed by the threat of force 炮舰外交（以武力威胁作後盾之外交政策）. `gun-carriage n wheeled support of a big gun, or part on which a gun slides when it recoils 炮架. `gun cotton cellulose material impregnated with nitric acid, used as an explosive 强棉药; 硝化棉（用作炸药）. `gun dog dog trained to help in the sport of shooting (eg by collecting shot birds) 猎犬. `gunfire n [U] firing of a gun or guns 炮火. `gunman[-mEn; -mEn] n (pl -men[-mEn; -mEn] ) man who uses a gun to rob or kill people 持枪抢劫或杀人的歹徒: * terrorist gunmen 极可怕的持枪歹徒.

gun1
`gun-metal n [U] alloy of copper and tin or zinc 炮铜; 青铜（铜与锡或锌的合金）: [attrib 作定语] gun-metal grey, ie a dull blue-grey colour 铁灰色（暗蓝灰色）. `gunpoint n (idm 习语) at `gunpoint while threatening or being threatened with a gun 在枪口威胁下: rob a bank at gunpoint 用枪威胁抢劫银行. `gunpowder n [U] explosive powder used in guns, fireworks, blasting, etc 火药. `gunroom n room in a large country house, in which sporting guns are kept （乡村大宅中的）藏枪室. `gun-runner n person engaged in the secret and illegal importation of firearms into a country, eg to help arevolt 私运军火者（如以帮助叛乱）. `gun-running n [U]activity of a gun-runner 私运军火. `gunshot n (a) [C] shot fired from a gun （射出的）炮弹或枪弹: the sound of gunshots 枪炮声. [attrib 作定语] gunshot wounds 枪炮造成的伤口. (b) [U] range of a gun （枪或炮的）射程: be out of/within gunshot 射程以外[内]. `gunsmith n person who makes and repairs small firearms 造枪及修枪工人.

gunge
[gQndV; gQndV] n [U] (Brit infml 口) unpleasant messy semi-liquid substance 恶心人的半流质脏东西: * What's this horrible gunge in the bottom of the bucket? 水桶底部黏乎乎怪恶心人的东西是什麽?

gunner
[5gQnE(r); 5gQnl] n 1 (in the British army) soldier in the artillery （英国陆军）炮兵: * Gunner Jones 炮兵琼斯. 2 (in the British navy) warrant officer in charge of a battery of guns （英国海军）枪炮士官长. =>App 9 见附录9. 派生： gunnery[5gQnEri; 5gQnEri] n [U] operation of large military guns 枪炮操作与射击: * [attrib 作定语] gunnery practice 射击演习 * the gunnery officer 射击指挥官.

gunwale
[5gQnl; 5gQnl] n (nautical 海) upper edge of the side of a boat or small ship 舷缘（小船船舷的上缘）.

gurgle
[5gE:gl; 5gEgl] n bubbling sound like water flowing from a narrow-necked bottle (esp that made by babies when happy) 汨汨声（似水自窄颈瓶内流出的）; （尤指婴儿高兴时发出的）咯咯声: * gurgles of delight 咯咯的笑声. 派生： gurgle v [I] make this sound 作汨汨声; 作咯咯声: The water gurgled as it ran down the plug-hole. 水汨汨地从塞孔中流下去. * The baby was gurgling happily. 那婴儿高兴得发出咯咯声.

Gurkha
[5gE:kE; 5gurkE] n member of a regiment in the British or Indian army made up of soldiers from Nepal 廓尔喀兵（英国或印度陆军中由尼泊尔籍士兵组成的团之成员）.

guru
[5guru:; - gE'ru:; gE'ru] n 1 Hindu spiritual leader 古鲁（印度的宗教领袖）. 2 (fig infml 比喻, 口) respected and influential teacher or authority （受尊敬、 有影响力的）教师或权威.

gush
[gQF; gQF] v 1 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (out) (from sth) flow or pour out suddenly in great quantities （突然大量地）流出, 泻出, 涌出: * gushing water 涌出的水 * oil gushing out (from a well) （从井中）涌出的石油 * blood gushing from a wound 自伤口涌出的血. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ over sb/sth (fig derog 比喻, 贬) talk with excessive enthusiasm 滔滔不绝地说; 过分热心地说: * Don't gush! 别唠唠叨叨说个没完! * a young mother gushing over a baby 喋喋不休地谈着婴儿的年轻母亲. 派生： gush n (esp sing 尤作单数) sudden outflow or outburst 涌出; 迸发: a gush of oil, anger, enthusiasm 石油的涌出、 怒火的迸发、 热情的奔放. gusher n oil-well with a strong natural flow (so that pumping is not needed) 喷油井（自动流出的油井）. gushing adj: gushing compliments 滔滔不绝的赞扬话. gushingly adv.

gusset
[5gQsit; 5gQsit] n (usu triangular or diamond-shaped) piece of cloth inserted in a garment to strengthen or enlarge it 为加固或加大衣服而插接於衣服中的布块（通常为叁角形或菱形）.

gust
[gQst; gQst] n (a) sudden violent rush of wind （突然的）一阵狂风: * the wind blowing in gusts 刮起阵阵的狂风 * fitful gusts of wind 阵阵的狂风. (b) (fig 比喻) outburst of feeling 感情的迸发: * a gust of temper 大发脾气. 派生： gust v [I] (of the wind) blow in gusts （指风）劲吹, 猛刮: winds gusting up to 60 mph 风速达每小时60英里的狂风. gusty adj (-ier, -iest) with wind blowing in gusts 有阵阵狂风的: a gusty day, wind 刮阵阵狂风的一天、 阵阵强劲的风.

gusto
[5gQstEu; 5gQsto] n [U] (infml 口) enthusiastic vigour in doing sth 做某事的兴致; 热忱: * singing the choruses with great gusto 兴致勃勃地合唱.

gut
[gQt; gQt] n 1 guts [pl] (infml 口) (a) internal organs of the abdomen （腹腔的）内脏: * a pain in the guts 肚子疼. (b) (fig 比喻) essential (mechanical) parts of sth 某物的重要（机械）部分: * remove the guts of a clock 除去钟的机芯. 2 guts [pl] (fig infml 比喻, 口) courage and determination 勇气与决心; 胆量; 魄力: * a man with plenty of guts 很有魄力的人 * have the guts to do sth 有胆量做某事. 3 [C] (a) (anatomy 解) lower part of the alimentary canal; intestine 消化道的下段; 肠: * dissecting a frog's gut 解剖蛙的肠. (b) (infml 口) abdomen; stomach 肚子; 胃: * his huge beer gut, ie made fat by drinking beer 他的大啤酒肚. 4 guts [sing or pl v] (infml 口) person who eats a lot 饭量大的人: * He's a real greedy guts. 他真是贪吃的大肚汉. 5 [U] thread made from the intestines of animals, used surgically for sewing wounds, and for violin and tennis-racket strings; catgut 肠线（用作外科的缝合线及小提琴和网球拍的弦）. 6 (idm 习语) hate sb's guts => hate. slog/sweat one's `guts out (infml 口) work very hard, to the point of exhaustion 拚命干. 派生： gut v (-tt-) [Tn] 1 take the guts out of (a fish, etc) 取出（鱼等）的内脏. 2 destroy the inside or contents of (a building, room, etc) 毁坏（建 物、 房间等）的内部或内部的东西: a warehouse gutted by fire 内部为火焚毁的仓库. gut adj [attrib 作定语] instinctive rather than based on thought 本能的、 非理性的: a gut feeling/reaction 本能的感觉[反应]. gutless adj cowardly 怯懦的; 胆小的. gutsy[5gQtsi; 5gQtsi] adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) full of courage and determination 充满勇气和决心的: * a gutsy fighter 坚定无畏的战士.

gutta
percha

gutter
1[5gQtE(r); 5gQtl] n 1 long (usu semicircular) metal or plastic channel fixed under the edge of a roof to carry away rain-water 排水檐沟; 天沟. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page vii. 2 (a) (channel at the) side of a road, next to the kerb 路边沟; 排水沟; 阴沟: * cigarette packets thrown into the gutter 扔在阴沟里的香烟盒. (b) the gutter [sing] (fig 比喻) poor or debased state of life 贫苦低级的生活: * the language of the gutter, ie vulgar language 粗鄙的语言 * He picked her out of the gutter and made her a great lady. 他使她脱离贫苦生活, 并成为贵妇. 派生： guttering[5gQtEriN; 5gQtEriN] n [U] system of gutters 排水系统. 复合： `gutter press (derog 贬) newspapers that print a lot of sensational stories, scandal, etc 低级趣味的报纸. `guttersnipe[-snaip; -7snaip] n (derog 贬) poor, badly-dressed, badly-behaved child 衣衫褴褛、 行为恶劣的贫儿.

guttural
[5gQtErEl; 5gQtErEl] adj (of a sound) (seeming to be) produced in the throat （指声音）（似）喉间发出的: * a low guttural growl 用喉音低声嘟囔 * guttural consonants 软颚辅音.

guv
=> governor3.

guvnor
=> governor3.

guzzle
[5gQzl; 5gQzl] v [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (away); ~ sth (down/up) (infml 口) eat or drink sth greedily 无节制地吃或喝某物; 滥吃; 狂饮: * He's always guzzling. 他总是大吃大喝的. * guzzle beer 狂饮啤酒 * The children guzzled down all the cakes. 孩子们大吃一通, 把蛋糕都吃光了. 派生： guzzler[-zlE(r); -zll] n person who guzzles 大吃大喝的人.

gybe
(US jibe)[dVaib; dVaib] v [I] (nautical 海) change direction when the wind is behind, by swinging the sail from one side of a boat to the other （顺风时将船帆自一舷转向另一舷以）改变方向.

gym
[dVim; dVim] n (infml 口) 1 [C] gymnasium 体育馆; 健身房: * exercises in the gym 在健身房的锻炼. 2 [U] gymnastics, esp at school 体操（尤指学校中的）: * I don't like gym. 我不喜欢体操. * [attrib 作定语] gym-shoes, ie esp plimsolls 运动鞋（尤指橡胶底帆布面的） * a gym mistress 体育课女教师. 复合： `gym-slip (also slip) n sleeveless tunic worn in Britain by some girls as part of school uniform （英国女生的）无袖制服.

gymkhana
[dVim'ka:nE; dVim'kanE] n public competitive display of horse-riding or vehicle-driving 马术比赛, 汽车驾驶比赛.

gymnasium
[dVim'neiziEm; dVim'neziEm] n (pl ~s or -ia[-ziE; -ziE] ) room or hall with apparatus for physical exercise 健身房; 体育馆.

gymnast
[5dVimnAst; 5dVimnAst] n expert in gymnastics体育家; 体操运动员.

gymnastic
[dVim'nAstik; dVim'nAstik] adj of physical exercises and training 体育的; 体操的. 派生： gymnastics n [pl] (forms of) exercises performed to develop the muscles or fitness or to demonstrate agility 体操; 体能训练: (fig 比喻) mental gymnastics, ie mental agility, elaborate reasoning 智力训练.

gynaecology
(US gyne-)[7gainE'kClEdVi; 7gaini'kalEdVi] n [U] scientific study and treatment of diseases and disorders of the female reproductive system 妇科学; 妇科. 派生： gynaecological (US gyne-)[-kE'lCdVikl; -kE'ladVikl] adj. gynaecologist (US gyne-) n expert in gynaecology 妇科学家.

gyp
[dVip; dVip] n (idm 习语) give sb `gyp (Brit infml 口) (a) scold or punish sb very severely 痛骂或严惩某人. (b) cause sb much pain 使某人很痛苦: * My rheumatism's been giving me gyp. 我的风湿病使我一直很痛苦.

gypsum
[5dVipsEm; 5dVipsEm] n [U] mineral (calcium sulphate) from which plaster of Paris is made, also used as fertilizer 石膏.

gypsy
(also gipsy, Gypsy)[5dVipsi; 5dVipsi] n member of a wandering, originally Asiatic, people who live in caravans 吉卜赛人: * (fig 比喻) I've never lived in one place for long; it must be the Gypsy in me, ie my desire to wander round the world. 我从未在任何一个地方长住过, 一定是我合该周游世界. * [attrib 作定语] a gypsy camp 吉卜赛营地 * the gypsy life, ie wandering from place to place 吉卜赛式的生活（到处流浪）.

gyrate
[7dVai'reit; - 'dVaireit; 5dVairet] v [I] move around in circles or spirals; revolve 旋转; 回旋. 派生： gyration[7dVai'reiFn; dVai'reFEn] n [U, C] act ofrevolving 旋转; 回旋.

gyro
[5dVaiErEu; 5dVairo] n (pl ~ s) (infml 口) = gyroscope.

gyroscope
[5dVairEskEup; 5dVairE7skop] n device containing a wheel which, when its spins fast, always maintains the same orientation regardless of any movement of the supporting structure, often used in ships' stabilizers 陀螺仪; 回转仪. > gyroscopic/,dVaIrE`skCpIk; 9dVaIrE`skBpIk/ adj: * a gyroscopic compass 陀螺罗盘.

H
bomb

h'm
= hem2.

H, h
[eitF; etF] n (pl H's, h's[5eitFiz; 5etFiz] ) the eighth letter of the English alphabet 英语字母表的第八个字母: * `Hat' begins with (an) H/`H'. hat一字以h字母开始. Cf 参看 aitch.

ha
ha

ha'p'orth
[5heipEW; 5heplW] n (Brit infml 口) = halfpenny-worth (half).

habeas corpus
[7heibiEs 'kC:pEs; 5hebiEs 'kCrpEs] (also writ of habeas corpus) (law 律) order requiring a person to be brought before a judge or into court, esp to investigate the right of the authorities to keep him in prison 人身保护状（要求将某人移送法院处理的令状, 尤指为调查有关当局将其拘禁是否合法）.

haberdasher
[5hAbEdAFE(r); 5hAbl7dAFl] n 1 (Brit) shopkeeper who sells small articles for sewing such as pins, cotton, buttons, zips, etc 经营缝纫用小商品（如针、 线、 钮扣、 拉 等）的店主. 2 (US) shopkeeper who sells men's clothing 经营男子服装的店主. 派生： haberdashery n 1 [U] goods sold by a haberdasher （英）缝纫用小商品; （美）（作为商品的）男子服装. 2 [C] haberdasher's shop （英）出售缝纫用小商品的商店; （美）出售男子服装的商店.

habit
[5hAbit; 5hAbit] n 1 (a) [C] thing that a person does often and almost without thinking, esp sth that is hard to stop doing 习惯: * He has the irritating habit of smoking during meals. 他有边吃饭边抽烟那让人讨厌的习惯. * It's all right to borrow money occasionally, but don't let it become a habit. 偶尔借点钱倒没什麽, 只是不要成为一种习惯. (b) [U] usual behaviour 惯常的行为; 习性; 脾性: * I only do it out of habit. 我做这事只是出於习惯. 2 [C] long garment worn by a monk or nun 修道士或修女所穿的长袍. 3 (idm 习语) be in/fall into/get into the habit of doing sth have/acquire the habit of doing sth 有[养成]做某事的习惯: * He's not in the habit of drinking a lot. 他不习惯於多喝酒. * I've got into the habit of switching on the TV as soon as I gethome. 我已养成一到家就打开电视机的习惯. break sb/oneself of a habit succeed in getting sb/oneself to give a habit up 使某人[自己]改掉某种习惯. a creature of habit => creature. fall/get into bad `habits acquire bad habits 养成坏习惯. fall/get out of the habit of doing sth lose the habit of doing sth 去掉做某事的习惯: * I've got out of the habit of having a cooked breakfast. 我已不再保持早餐吃热食的习惯. force of `habit => force1. kick the habit => kick1. make a habit/practice of sth/doing sth develop the habit of (doing) sth 形成做某事的习惯: * I make a habit of never lending money to strangers. 我自己立下个规矩, 从来不把钱借给生人. 复合： `habit-forming adj causing addiction 成为习惯的; 上瘾的: habit-forming drugs 成瘾性毒品.

habitable
[5hAbitEbl; 5hAbitEbl] adj suitable for living in 适於居住的: * This house is no longer habitable. 这所房子已经不能住人了. > habitability[7hbitE'bilEti;7hAbitE'bilEti] n [U].

habitat
[5hAbitAt; 5hAbE7tAt] n natural environment of an animal or a plant; home （动物或植物的）自然环境; 栖息地: * This creature's (natural) habitat is the jungle. 这种动物的（天然）栖息地是丛林.

habitation
[7hAbi'teiFn; 7hAbE'teFEn] n 1 [U] inhabitingor being inhabited 居住: * houses unfit for (human) habitation 不适於（人）居住的房子. 2 [C] (fml 文) place to live in; house or home 住处; 住房; 家宅: * wildlifeundisturbed by human habitations 因无人在附近居住而未受搅扰的野生动物.

habitual
[hE'bitFuEl; hE'bitFuEl] adj 1 [attrib 作定语] regular; usual 惯常的; 通常的: * his habitual place at the table 他惯常坐在桌旁的位子. 2 done constantly or as a habit 经常做的; 习以为常的: * their habitual moaning 他们那经常不断的呻吟. 3 [attrib 作定语] doing sth by habit 由於习惯而做某事的: * a habitual drunkard, cinema-goer, etc 日久成瘾的酗酒者、 电影院常客. 派生： habitually[-tFuEli; -tFuEli] adv usually; regularly 通常地; 惯常地: * Tom is habitually late for school. 汤姆上学经常迟到.

habituate
[hE'bitFueit; hE'bitFu7et] v [Tn.pr] ~ sb/oneself to sth (fml 文) accustom sb/oneself to sth 使某人[自己]习惯於某事物: * habituate oneself to (ie get used to) hard work, a cold climate 使自己习惯於艰苦的工作、 寒冷的气候.

habitue
[hE'bitFuei; hE'bitFu7e] n (French 法) person who visits a place regularly 常客: * a habitue of the Cafe Royal 皇家小餐馆的常客.

hacienda
[7hAsi'endE; 7hasi'endE] n (in Spanish-speaking countries) large landed estate with a house （说西班牙语的国家的）大庄园.

hack
1[hAk; hAk] v 1 [Ipr] ~ at sth/sb strike heavy cutting blows at sth/sb 猛砍或猛劈某物[某人]: * He hacked (away) at the branch until it fell off. 他朝着树枝（不停地）砍, 直到砍下为止. =>Usage at cut1 用法见cut1. 2 [Tn] kick (sth) roughly 狠踢, 乱踢（某物）: * hack the ball/sb's shin 照着球[某人的小腿]狠踢. 3 [I] cough harshly 咳嗽（发出刺耳声音）. 4 (phr v) hack sth off (sth) remove sth with rough heavy blows 砍掉某物: * hack a leg off the carcass 从动物的 体上砍下一只腿. hack one's way across, out of, through, etc, sth make a path by hacking at sth 从某物中劈出一条路来: * We hacked our way through the undergrowth. 我们披荆斩棘在矮树丛中前进. 派生： hack n 1 act of chopping 砍; 劈. 2 kick with the toe of a boot 用靴头踢. 复合： hacking cough short dry persistent cough （短促而持续的）乾咳. `hack-saw n saw with a short narrow blade in a frame, used for cutting metal 弓锯, 钢锯（用於切割金属）.

hackles
[5hAklz; 5hAklz] n [pl] 1 long feathers on the neck of the domestic cock, etc or hairs on the neck of a dog （雄鸡等家禽颈上的）长羽毛; （狗的）颈部的毛. 2 (idm 习语) make sb's `hackles rise/raise sb's `hackles make sb angry 激怒某人. with one's `hackles up angry and ready to fight 怒气冲冲地要动武.

hackney carriage
[5hAkni kAridV; 5hAkni 7kAridV] (also hackney cab) (dated 旧 Brit) taxi 计程车.

hackneyed
[5hAknid; 5hAknid] adj (of a phrase, saying, etc) used so often that it has become trite and dull （指词语、 言辞等）陈腐的, 老生常谈的.

had
pt, pp of have.

haddock
[5hAdEk; 5hAdEk] n (pl unchanged 复数不变) [C, U] sea-fish like cod but smaller, used for food 黑线鳕（海鱼, 用作食物）.

Hades
[5heidi:z; 5hediz] n [sing] (in Greek mythology) place where the spirits of the dead go; the underworld （希腊神话中的）冥府, 阴间.

hadji
(also hajji)[5hAdVi; 5hAdVi] n Muslim who has been to Mecca as a pilgrim 去麦加朝拜过的伊斯兰教徒.

haem(o)-
(also esp US hem(o)-) comb form 构词成分 of blood 血液的: haematology * haemophilia.

haematology
(also esp US hem-)[hi:mE'tClEdVi;7himE'talEdVi] n [U] scientific study of the blood and its diseases 血液学. > haematologist (also esp US hem-) n.

haemoglobin
(also esp US hem-)[7hi:mE'glEubin;7himE'globin] n [U] substance carrying oxygen in the red blood-cells of vertebrates 血红蛋白.

haemophilia
(also esp US hem-)[7hi:mE'filiE; 7himE'filiE] n [U] disease, usu inherited, that causes the sufferer to bleed severely from even a slight injury, because the blood fails to clot normally 血友病. 派生： haemophiliac (also esp US hem-)[7hi:mE'filiAk;7himE7fili7Ak] n person who suffers from haemophilia 血友病患者.

haemorrhage
(also esp US hem-)[5hemEridV;'hemEridV] n 1 [U] (esp heavy) bleeding （尤指大量的）出血. 2 [C] escape of blood 失血. 派生： haemorrhage v [I] bleed heavily; undergo a haemorrhage 大出血.

haemorrhoids, hemorrhoids
(also esp US hem-)[5hemErCidz;'hemE7rCidz] (also piles) n [pl] swollen veins at or near the anus 痔（内痔或外痔）.

haft
[ha:ft; - hAft; hAft] n handle of an axe, a knife, etc （斧、 刀等的）柄.

hag
[hAg; hAg] n (derog 贬) ugly old woman or witch 丑老太婆; 巫婆.

haggard
[5hAgEd; 5hAgld] adj looking tired and unhappy, esp from worry, lack of sleep, etc 憔悴的, 形容枯槁的（尤因忧愁或缺觉等所致）: * a haggard face 枯槁的脸 * He looks haggard. 他显得很憔悴.

haggis
[5hAgis; 5hAgis] n [C, U] Scottish dish made from sheep's heart, lungs and liver 用羊的心、 肺及肝制成的苏格兰食品: * Would you like some more haggis? 再吃点苏格兰羊杂碎好吗?

haggle
[5hAgl; 5hAgl] v [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb) (over/about sth) argue (esp about the price, etc when agreeing upon the terms of a sale or other transaction) 争论; （尤指）讨价还价: * It's not worth haggling over a few pence. 为几便士争论不休实在不值得.

hagiography
[7hAgi'CgrEfi; 7hAgi'agrEfi] n [U, C] 1writing about the lives of saints 圣徒传记. 2 biographicalwriting that is too full of praise for its subject 充满溢美之辞的传记.

hagridden
[5hAgridn; 5hAg7ridn] adj 1 troubled by bad dreams 受噩梦惊扰的. 2 very worried 非常苦恼的: * a hagridden look 愁眉苦脸的样子.

hail
1[heil; hel] n 1 [U] frozen rain falling in a shower 雹; 冰雹. 2 [sing] (fig 比喻) thing coming in great numbers and with force 来得又多又猛的事物: * a hail of bullets, blows, curses 一阵弹雨、 乱打、 乱骂. 派生： hail v 1 [I] fall as hail in a shower 下雹: It is hailing. 正在下雹. 2 [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (sth) down (on sb) (fig 比喻) come or send (sth) down hard and fast 迅而猛地落下; 使（某事物）迅而猛地落下: Stones hailed down on them. 石头像雹子一样落在他们身上. * They hailed curses down on us. 他们大骂了我们一通. 复合： `hailstone n (usu pl 通常作复数) small ball of hail 雹粒. `hailstorm n period of heavy hail 雹暴.

hair
[heE(r); her] n 1 (a) [C] one of the fine thread-like strands that grow from the skin of people and animals （人或动物的）毛发（指单根）: * two blonde hairs on his coat collar 留在他外衣领子上的金发女子的两根头发 * There's a hair in my soup. 我的汤里有根毛. (b) [U] mass of these, esp on the human head 毛发; （尤指）头发: * have one's `hair cut 理发 * have long, black hair 长着一头长、 黑发 * a cat with a fine coat of hair 长着一身好毛的猫. (c) [C] thread-like growth on the stems and leaves of some plants （某些植物的茎和叶上长的）茸毛. 2 (idm 习语) (by) a `hair/a ,hair's `breadth (by) a very small amount or distance （以）极少的数量或极短的距离: * She won by a `hair. 她以微弱的优势获胜. * We escaped by a hair's `breadth. 我们从九死一生的险境中逃出. * [attrib 作定语] a ,hair's-breadth e`scape 九死一生的逃亡. get/have sb by the short hairs => short1. get in sb's `hair be a burden to or annoy sb 给某人添麻烦; 惹恼某人. a/the hair of the `dog (that `bit you) (infml 口) another alcoholic drink to cure the effects of drink 可解酒的另一种酒. hang by a hair/a thread => hang1. (not) harm, etc a hair of sb's `head (not) injure sb, even in the slightest way （不）损某人一根毫毛. have a good, etc head of hair => head1. keep your `hair on (catchphrase 警语) don't become angry; remain calm 别发火; 保持冷静. let one's `hair down (infml 口) relax after a period of being formal （不再拘谨之後）放松一下. make sb's `hair curl (infml 口) horrify sb 使某人感到惊骇: * The clothes some young people wear nowadays really make your hair curl. 现今有些年轻人穿的衣服的确令人惊诧. make one's `hair stand on end fill one with fright or horror 使人毛骨悚然. neither hide nor hair of sb/sth => hide2. not turn a `hair not show fear, dismay, surprise, etc when such a reaction might be expected 竟然一点也不畏惧、 惊慌、 惊奇等. split hairs => split. tear one's hair => tear2.

hair1
派生： -`haired (in compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) with hair of the specified kind 有某种毛发的: a ,curly-haired `girl. hairless adj without hair; bald 无毛发的; 秃的. hairy adj (-ier, -iest) 1 of or like hair （似）毛发的. 2 having much hair 多毛的: a hairy chest 长有许多毛的胸部. 3 (sl 俚) difficult; unpleasant 困难的; 令人不快的: Driving on icy roads can be pretty hairy. 在结冰的道路上开车有时真使人心惊胆战. hairiness n [U]. 复合： `hairbrush n brush for the hair 发刷; 毛刷. =>illus at brush 见brush插图. `haircloth n cloth made of a mixture of fabric and animal's hair 马尾衬; 毛布. `haircut n 1 cutting the hair 理发: You ought to have a haircut. 你该理发了. 2 style in which hair is cut 发式; 发型: That's a nice haircut. 那个发式很漂亮. `hair-do n (pl ~s) (infml 口) style or process of arranging (esp a woman's) hair 发式, 发型, 做头发（尤指女子的）: She has a new hair-do. 她的头发式样很新. `hairdresser n person whose business is to arrange and cut hair 美发师; 理发师. Cf 参看 barber. `hairdressing n [U]. `hair-drier (also `hair-dryer) n device for drying the hair by blowing hot air over it （吹乾头发用的）吹风机. `hair-grip (also grip) n (Brit) flat clip with two ends close together, used for holding the hair in place 发夹. `hair-line n 1 edge of a person's hair round the face 发型正面的轮廓线. 2 (fig 比喻) very thin line 极细的线: [attrib 作定语] a ,hair-line `crack/`fracture 细小的裂纹[裂缝]. `hair-net n net for keeping the hair in place 发网. `hair-oil n oil for dressing the hair 发油hair2 /// `hair-raising adj terrifying 使人毛发悚立的; 吓人的. `hair-restorer n [C, U] substance used to promote growth of hair 生发剂. ,hair `shirt shirt made of rough cloth and therefore uncomfortable, worn by penitents or ascetics 粗毛布衬衫（忏悔者或苦行者穿的）. `hair-slide (also slide) n (Brit) clip for keeping the hair in position 发夹. `hair-splitting n [U] making small unimportant distinctions作过於琐细的分辨. `hair-style n particular way of arranging or cutting the hair 发式; 发型. =>illus 见插图. `hair-stylist n hairdresser 美发师; 理发师. `hair-trigger n trigger that causes a gun to fire at the very slightest pressure （枪的）微力扳机.

hairspring
[5heEspriN; 5her7spriN] n fine spring in a watch, controlling the balance-wheel （表的）游丝（控制摆轮的细小弹簧）.

hake
[heik; hek] n (pl unchanged 复数不变) [C, U] fish of the cod family, used as food 鳕鱼（可食）.

halal
(also hallal)[ha:'la:l; hE'lal] v [Tn] kill (animals for meat) as prescribed by Muslim law （按伊斯兰教教规的规定）宰杀（肉畜）. 派生： halal n [U] meat prepared in this way （伊斯兰教的）合法肉食.

halcyon
[5hAlsiEn; 5hAlsiEn] adj (dated or rhet 旧或修辞) peaceful and happy 太平而幸福的: * the halcyon days of youth 青春的好年华.

hale
[heil; hel] adj (idm 习语) hale and `hearty (esp of an old person) strong and healthy （尤指老年人）健壮的; 矍铄的.

half
1[ha:f; - hAf; hAf] n (pl halves/ha:vz; - hAvz; hvz] ) 1 either of two equal or corresponding parts into which a thing is divided 半; 一半: * I broke the chocolate into halves here's your half. 我把巧克力掰成两半--这一半给你. * John and Liz shared the prize money between them John used his half to buy a word processor. 约翰和利兹二人把奖金分了--约翰用他分到的那一半奖金购买了文字处理机. * Two halves make a whole. 两个一半就是整个. * The second half of the book is more exciting than the first. 这本书的後半部比前半部更精采. * two and a half ounces, hours, miles 两盎司半、 两个半小时、 两英里半. =>Usage at all1 用法见all1. 2 either of two (usu equal) periods of time into which a sports match, concert, etc is divided （体育比赛、 音乐会等的）半场: * No goals were scored in the first half. 上半场未能进球. 3 half-price ticket, esp for a child, on a bus or train （公共汽车或火车的）半票（尤指儿童票）: * Two and two halves to the city centre, please. 劳驾, 买去市中心的两张全票和两张半票. 4 = half-back (half>2):playing (at) left half 打左前卫. 5 (infml 口 esp Brit) half a pint (esp of beer) 半品脱（尤指啤酒）: * Two halves of bitter, please. 请来两份半品脱苦啤酒. 6 (idm 习语) and a `half (infml 口) of more than usual importance, excellence, size, etc 非同小可的; 非常出色的; 特大的: * That was a game and a half! 那场比赛十分精采! one's better half => better1. do nothing/not do anything by `halves do everything one is engaged in completely and thoroughly 做任何事情都力求完全彻底: * He's not a man who does things by halves -- either he donates a huge sum to a charity or he gives nothing. 他这个人做事一不做二不休--向慈善事业捐款不捐则已, 一捐就是一大笔. break, chop, cut, tear, etc sth in `half cause sth to become separated into two parts by breaking, chopping, cutting, tearing, etc 把某物破、 劈、 切、 撕...成两半:

half1
* I once saw a man tear a telephone directory in half. 我有一次看见一个人把电话簿撕成了两半. go half and `half/go `halves (with sb) share the cost (of sth) equally 均摊（某物的）费用: * That was an expensive meal let's go halves. 那顿饭花了不少钱--费用咱们均摊吧. the `half of it (infml 口) the most important part 最重要的部分: * You don't know the half of it. 你不了解那最重要的部分. how the other half lives (knowledge or experience of a) way of life of a different social group, esp one much richer or poorer than oneself 另一类人的生活方式（尤指与自己贫富悬殊的人的）; 对另一类人的生活方式的了解或体验: * He's been lucky all his life and has never had to find out how the other half lives. 他享了一辈子的福, 从来不知道穷人生活的滋味. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Quarter, half and whole can all be nouns *quarter、 half、 whole均可用作名词: Cut the apple into quarters. 把苹果切成四瓣儿. * Two halves make a whole. 两个一半就是整个. Whole is also an adjective *whole亦为形容词: I've been waiting here for a whole hour. 我在这儿等了整整一个钟头. Half is also a determiner *half亦为限定词: Half the work is already finished. 这项工作已完成了一半. * They spent half the time looking for a parking space. 他们用了一半时间寻找停车场. * Her house is half a mile down the road. 她的房子位於沿此路往前走半英里的地方. It can be used as an adverb 这个词可作副词使用: This meal is only half cooked. 这顿饭煮得半生不熟.

halibut
[5hAlibEt; 5hAlEbEt] n (pl unchanged 复数不变) [C, U] large flat sea-fish used as food 大比目鱼（可食）.

halide
[5heilaid; 5hAlaid] n (chemistry 化) chemical compound of a halogen with another element or radical 卤化物.

halitosis
[7hAli'tEusis; 7hAlE'tosis] n [U] breath that smells unpleasant 口臭.

hall
[hC:l; hCl] n 1 (also `hallway) [C] space or passage on the inside of the main entrance or front door of a building 门厅; 正门走廊: * Leave your coat in the hall. 把你的大衣放在门厅里. 2 [C] building or large room for meetings, meals, concerts, etc 开会、 用餐、 音乐演出等用的建 物或厅堂: * the Town `Hall 市政厅 * `dance halls 舞厅. 3 (a) [C] = hall of residence. (b) [U] (in colleges at some English universities) large room for meals （英国一些大学各学院的）食堂: * dine in hall 在学院食堂用餐. 4 [C] (in England) large country house, esp one that belongs to the chief landowner in the district （英国）大的庄园府第（尤指属於该地区最大之地主者）. 5 (idm 习语) Liberty Hall => liberty. 复合： ,hall of `residence (also hall) building for universitystudents to live in （大学的）学生宿舍. `hall-stand n piece of furniture in the hall of a house, for hats, coats, umbrellas, etc 衣帽架. `hallway n 1 = hall 1. 2 (esp US) corridor 走廊.

hallal
= halal.

hallelujah
= alleluia.

halliard
= halyard.

hallmark
[5hC:lma:k; 5hCl7mark] n 1 mark used for indicating the standard of gold, silver and platinum on articles made of these metals （金、 银及铂的制品上打的）纯度印记. 2 (fig 比喻) distinctive feature, esp ofexcellence 特点, 特徵（尤指优良事物所具有者）: * Attention to detail is the hallmark of a fine craftsman. 能工巧匠的特点是一丝不苟. 派生： hallmark v [Tn] stamp (sth) with a hallmark 给（某物）打上纯度标记.

hallo
(also hello, hullo)[hE'lEu; hE'lo] interj (used in greeting, or to attract attention or express surprise, or to answer a telephone call 用作打招呼、 引起注意、 表示惊讶或接电话的招呼声: * Hello, how are you? 嘿, 你好吗? * Hallo, can you hear me? 哎, 你听得见我说的话吗? * Hullo, hullo, hullo, what's going on here? 喂, 喂, 喂, 这里出了什麽事了? * Hallo, is that Oxford 56767? 喂, 是牛津区56767吗? 派生：hallo (also hello, hullo) n (pl ~s) the cry `hallo' 打招呼或惊讶时发出的‘嘿’、 ‘哎’、 ‘喂’等声音: He gave me a cheery hallo. 他高兴地向我打了一下招呼.

halloo
[hE'lu:; hE'lu] interj, n cry used to urge on hounds or to attract attention （嗾狗追逐的叫声）嘿; （引起注意的呼语）哎. 派生： halloo v [I] shout `halloo', esp to hounds 叫‘嘿’（尤用以嗾狗）.

hallow
[5hAlEu; 5hAlo] v [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] make (sb/sth) holy; honour as holy 使（某人[某事物]）成为神圣; 尊崇: * ground hallowed by sacred memories 因在宗教上有纪念意义而视为神圣的土地.

Hallowe'en
[7hAlEu'i:n; 7hAlo'in] n 31 October, the eve of All Saints' Day 万圣节前夕（10月31日）.

hallucinate
[hE'lu:sineit; hE'lusn7et] v [I] imagine one is seeing or hearing sth when no such thing is present 在幻觉中看见或听见某事物: * Drug addicts often hallucinate.吸毒成瘾的人常常产生幻觉.

hallucination
[hE7lu:si'neiFn; hE7lusn'eFEn] n 1 [C, U] illusion of seeing or hearing sth when no such thing is actually present 幻觉; 幻视; 幻听: * suffer from/have hallucinations 产生[有]幻觉. 2 [C] thing seen or heard in this way 幻觉中的看到或听到的事物. 派生： hallucinatory/ hE5lu:sInEtrI, hE9lu:sI5neItErI; ?@hE5lu:sInEtR:rI; hE`lusnE9tRrI] adj of or causing hallucinations幻觉中的; 引起幻觉的: * a hallucinatory experience/drug 幻觉中的体验[致幻药].

hallucinogen
[hE'lu:sinEdVen; hE'lusEnEdVen] n drug causing hallucinations 致幻剂; 幻觉剂. > hallucinogenic/hE7lu:sinE'dVenik; hE7lusEnE'dVenik] adj.

halo
[5heilEu; 5helo] n (~es or ~s) (also aureola, aureole) 1 (in paintings, etc) circle of light shown round or above the head of a sacred figure （绘画等作品中）（环绕圣像头上的）光轮, 光环. 2 = corona.

halogen
[5hAlEdVEn; 5hAlEdVEn] n (chemistry 化) any of the chemical elements fluorine, chlorine, bromine and astatine which form salts by simple union with a metal 卤素: * [attrib 作定语] halogen lamps/headlights 卤素灯[前灯].

halt
[hC:lt; hClt] n 1 (a) [sing] temporary stop; interruption of progress 暂停; 停顿: * Work was brought/came to a halt when the machine broke down. 机器出了毛病, 工作便停顿下来. (b) [C] (esp of soldiers) short stop on a march or journey （尤指军队）暂停行进, 途中休息. 2 [C] (Brit) place on a railway line where local trains stop, but where there are no station buildings （供慢车使用而无车站建 物的）铁路小站. 3 (idm 习语) bring sth/come to a grinding halt => grind. call a halt => call2. grind to a halt/standstill => grind. 派生： halt v [I, Tn] (cause sb/sth to) stop temporarily （使某人[某事物]）暂停: Platoon, halt! 全排注意, 立定! * The officer halted his troops for a rest. 军官下令部队停下来休息.

halter
[5hC:ltE(r); 5hCltl] n 1 rope or leather strap put round the head of a horse for leading or fastening it笼头（套在马头上用以驭马或系马的绳子或皮条）.2 rope used for hanging a person 绞索. 3 (also halter-neck) style of woman's dress with the top held up by a strap passing round the back of the neck, leaving the back and shoulders bare （用带绕过颈後的）袒肩露背连衣裙.

halting
[5hC:ltiN; 5hCltiN] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] slow and hesitant, as if lacking in confidence 迟疑不决的; 犹豫的: * speak in a halting voice 结结巴巴地说 * a halting reply 吞吞吐吐的回答 * a toddler's first few halting steps 孩子初学走路时那蹒跚的几步. > haltingly adv: * speak haltingly 犹豫地说.

halve
[ha:v; - hAv; hAv] v [Tn] 1 divide (sth) into two equal parts 把（某物）对半分: * halve an apple 把一个苹果分成两半. 2 reduce (sth) by a half 把（某物）减半: * The latest planes have halved the time needed for crossing the Atlantic. 最新型号的飞机把飞越大西洋所需的时间减少了一半.

halyard
(also halliard)[5hAljEd; 5hAljld] n rope for raising or lowering a sail or flag （帆和旗的）升降索.

ham
[hAm; hAm] n 1 (a) [C] upper part of a pig's leg, salted and dried or smoked for food 火腿: * several hams hanging on hooks 挂在钩上的几只火腿. (b) [U] meat from this 火腿肉: * a slice of ham 一片火腿 * [attrib 作定语] a ham sandwich 火腿叁明治. Cf 参看 bacon, gammon, pork. 2 [C] (esp of animals) back of the thigh; thigh and buttock （尤指动物）後腿, 股部和臀部. 3 [C] (sl 俚) person who acts or performs badly 拙劣的表演者: * He's a terrible ham. 他的表演糟透了. * [attrib 作定语] ham actors/acting 蹩脚的演员[演出]. 4 [C] (infml 口) operator of an amateur radio station 业馀无线电台的操作者: * a radio ham 业馀无线电台的收发报员. 派生： ham v (-mm-) [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (it/sth) (up) (sl 俚) act in a deliberately artifical or exaggerated way; overact 以做作或夸张的方式作表演; 表演过火: Do stop hamming! 不要再做戏了吧! * The actors were really hamming it up to amuse the audience. 这些演员为博观众一粲, 表演得实在太过火了. ,ham-`fisted, `ham-,handed adjs (infml derog 口, 贬) clumsy in using the hands 笨手笨脚的.

hamburger
[5hAmbE:gE(r); 5hAmbEgl] n 1 (also burger) [C] flat round cake of minced beef, usu fried and eaten with onions, often in a bread roll 汉堡牛肉饼; 汉堡包. 2 [U] (US) = mince n.

hamlet
[5hAmlit; 5hAmlit] n small village, esp one without a church 小村庄（尤指无教堂的）.

hammer
1[5hAmE(r); 5hAml] n 1 [C] tool with a heavy metal head at right angles to the handle, used for breaking things, driving nails in, etc 锤子; 榔头. =>illus 见插图. 2 [C] any of the parts of a piano that strike the strings （钢琴的）音锤. 3 [C] part of the firing device of a gun that explodes the charge （枪炮的）击铁（为引爆装置之一部分）. 4 [C] instrument like a small wooden hammer used by an auctioneer to indicate with a rap that an article is sold （拍卖人用的）小木槌. 5 (a) [C] (in athletics) metal ball attached to a wire for throwing （体育）链球. (b) the hammer [sing] event in which this is thrown 掷链球比赛. 6 [C] (anatomy 解) bone in the ear （耳的）锤骨. 7 (idm 习语) be/go at it/each other `hammer and `tongs (of two people) argue or fight violently and noisily （指两人）激烈地争吵或打斗: * We could hear the neighbours going at each other hammer and tongs. 我们可以听见邻居大吵大闹的声音. come/go under the `hammer be sold at auction 被拍卖: * This painting came under the hammer at Christie's today. 这幅画今天由克里斯蒂拍卖行拍卖了. hammer and sickle symbols of the industrial worker and the peasant, used as the emblem of the USSR （代表产业工人和农民的）锤子镰刀图案（用作前苏联国徽）.

hammock
[5hAmEk; 5hAmEk] n bed made of canvas or rope netting, suspended by cords at the ends, used esp on board ship 吊床.

hamper
1[5hAmpE(r); 5hAmpl] n 1 large basket with a hinged lid, esp one containing food, wine, etc （有带铰链的盖子的）大篮子（尤指盛有食物、 酒等的）. 2 (esp Brit) box or parcel containing food, wine, etc sent as a gift （装有食品、 酒等礼物的）盒子或包裹: * a Christmas hamper 圣诞礼物篮.

hamster
[5hAmstE(r); 5hAmstl] n small rat-like rodent kept as a pet, with pouches in its cheeks for carrying grain 仓鼠（供玩赏的一种小鼠, 有颊囊可携谷粒）.

hamstring
[5hAmstriN; 5hAm7striN] n 1 any of the five tendons at the back of the human knee 绳肌腱. 2 thick tendon at the back of an animal's hock （动物跗关节後部的）大肌腱. 派生： hamstring v (pt, pp hamstringed or hamstrung/ 5hAmstrQN; `hAm9strQN/) [Tn] 1 cripple (a person or an animal) by cutting the hamstring(s) 割断腿筋使（人或动物）瘸腿. 2 (fig 比喻) destroy the activity or efficiency of (sb/sth) 使（某人[某事物]）难以动作或难有作为: The project was hamstrung by lack of funds. 这个计画因缺乏资金而难以实现.

hand
1[hAnd; hAnd] n 1 [C] end part of the human arm below the wrist 手: * take/lead sb by the hand 拉着某人的手[牵着某人的手走] * have one's hands in one's pockets 双手插在衣袋里. =>illus 见插图. 2 a hand [sing] (infml 口) active help 积极的帮助: * Give (me) a hand with the washing-up. 帮（我）洗洗餐具吧. * Do you want/need a hand? 你需要帮忙吗? 3 [C] pointer on a clock, dial, etc （时钟、 仪表等的）指针: * the `hour/`minute/`second hand of a watch 表的时[分/秒]针. 4 [C] (a) manual worker on a farm or in a factory, dockyard, etc （农场或工厂、 船坞等的）从事体力劳动的工人; 劳工: * `farm-hands 农场工人. (b) member of a ship's crew 船员: * All hands (ie All seamen are needed) on deck! 所有船员都到甲板上来! 5 [sing] skill in using the hands 手艺; 技能: * He has a light hand with pastry, ie makes it well. 他很会做糕点. 6 [C] (a) set of cards dealt to a player in a card-game （纸牌戏中拿到的）一手牌: * have a good, bad, poor, etc hand 拿到一手好、 坏、 糟...牌. (b) one round in a game of cards （纸牌戏的）一局: * Let's play one more hand. 我们再打一局吧. 7 [sing] style of handwriting 书法: * He has/writes a good/legible hand. 他字写得好[清楚]. 8 [sing] (dated or fml 旧或文) promise to marry 许婚: * He asked for her hand. 他向她求婚. * She gave him her hand (in marriage). 她同意嫁给他. 9 [C] unit of measurement, about four inches (10.16 cm), used for measuring the height of a horse 一手之宽（约四英寸, 即10.16厘米, 用以量马的高度）. 10 (idm 习语) all ,hands to the `pump (saying 谚) everyone must help 人人都该出把力: * We've an urgent job on this week, so it's (a case of) all hands to the pump. 我们本周有紧急任务, 所以人人都该出把力. at first, second, etc `hand directly/indirectly from the original source 直接、 间接...地:

hand1
* I only heard the news at second hand. 我只是间接听到这个消息的. (close/near) at `hand (a) near; close by 在附近; 在手头: * He lives close at hand. 他住在附近. (b) (fml 文) about to happen 即将发生: * Your big moment is at hand. 你的重大时刻即将到来. at sb's hands from sb 出自某人之手: * I did not expect such unkind treatment at your hands. 我没想到你如此刻薄. be a dab, an old, a poor, etc hand (at sth) have (or lack) the specified skill or experience 有（或缺乏）某种技能或经验: * He's an old hand (ie very experienced) at this game. 他是玩这种游戏的老手（很有经验）. * I was never much of a hand (ie never very good) at cookery. 我从来不是干烹饪的好手（未做过好饭菜）. bind/tie sb hand and `foot (a) tie sb's hands and feet together 困住某人的手脚. (b) (fig 比喻) take away sb's freedom of action 使某人不能行动自如. a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush => bird. bite the hand that feeds one => bite1. blood on one's hands => blood1. bring sb/sth up by hand rear (a person or an animal) by feeding from a bottle 用奶瓶喂养（人或动物）: * The lamb had to be brought up by hand. 这只小羊要用奶瓶喂养. by `hand (a) by a person, not a machine 用手而不用机器; 以手工: * made by hand 手工制作的. (b) by a messenger (not through the post) 由传递者（非经邮局）: * The note was delivered by hand. 这封短信经由专人送交. by one's own fair hand => fair1. cap in hand => cap. change hands => change1. the dead hand of sth => dead. the devil makes work for idle hands => devil1. eat out of sb's hand => eat. fall, etc into sb's, etc `hands be taken or obtained (esp by an enemy) 落入某人（尤指敌人）之手; 为某人所获得: * The town fell into enemy hands. 该城已落到敌人手中. * I would hate my diary to get into the wrong hands. 我不愿意别人看我的日记. a firm hand => firm1. fold one's hands => fold1. force sb's hand => force2. from ,hand to `hand from one person to another 从一人之手转到另一人之手:

hand2
* Buckets of water were passed from hand to hand to put the fire out. 人们一桶又一桶传递着水以便把火扑灭. gain/win sb's hand (fml 文) make sb promise to marry one 获得某人本人对婚事的应允. gain, get, etc the upper hand => upper. get one's eye/hand in => eye1. get, have, etc a free hand => free1. give sb/get a big hand => big. give one's `hand on sth (fml 文) take sb's hand and clasp it when agreeing to sth 紧握某人的手表示同意某事物. (be) ,hand in `glove (with sb) working in close association 密切合作: * He was found to be hand in glove with the enemy. 已发现他跟敌人勾结在一起. ,hand in `hand (a) holding each other's hand 手拉手. =>illus at arm 见arm插图. (b) (fig 比喻) closely associated; linked together 密切关联的; 连在一起的: * War and suffering go hand in hand. 战争和苦难是同时并存的. ,hand over `hand using one's hands alternately (as when climbing) 双手交替使用（如攀登时）. ,hands `off (sth/sb) (infml 口) don't touch (sth/sb); don't interfere 不许触及（某物[某人]）; 不许干涉: * ,Hands off my `sandwiches!别动我的叁明治! ,hands `up (a) (said when addressing a group of people) raise one hand (eg to show agreementor to answer a question) （对大家说的话）举手（举一只手, 如用以表示同意或准备回答问题）: * Hands up, anyone who knows the answer. 能回答的举手. (b) raise both hands (eg to show that one is surrendering) 举手（举双手, 如表示投降）: * Hands up and drop your gun! 举起手来, 把抢放下! ,hand to `hand (of fighting) involving physical contact with one's opponent 短兵相接; 肉搏: * [attrib 作定语] hand-to-hand combat 肉搏战. have/take a hand in sth participate in sth; be partly responsible for sth 参与或介入某事物; 对某事物有一定责任: * I bet he had a `hand in it. 我敢说他一定参与了此事. have one's `hands free/tied be/not be in a position to do as one likes 可以[不能]自行其是. have one's `hands full be so busy that one cannot undertake anything else 忙得腾不出手来; 无暇兼顾. have sb in the palm of one's hand => palm1. have time on one's hands/time to kill => time1. have, etc the whip hand => whip. a heavy hand => heavy. a helping hand => help1. hold sb's `hand comfort or help sb in a sad or difficult situation 安慰或帮助某人（减轻痛苦或摆脱困境）. hold `hands (with sb) sit, walk, etc beside another person with hands linked, usu as a sign of affection 与别人手拉手地坐着、 行走等（通常含有爱意）:

hand3
* two lovers holding hands 手拉着手的一对恋人. in `hand (a) in one's possession and available for use 在手中（持有）; 在手头（随时可用）: * I still have somemoney in hand. 我手中还有些钱. * Cash in hand, ￡37.25.手头现金共37.25英镑. (b) in control 在控制下: * We have the situation well in hand. 我们完全控制住了局面. (c) receiving attention and being dealt with 得到照顾并在处理之中: * the job in hand 正在办理的工作 * The work is in hand and will soon be completed. 这工作在进行中, 不久即可完成. in one's/sb's `hands in one's/sb's possession, control or care 在本人的[某人的]支配、 控制、 照料或监护之下: * The affair is no longer in my hands. 这事已不归我管了. * Put the matter in the hands of a solicitor. 把这事交给律师去办. in capable, good, etc `hands being well managed, etc 在妥善的管理等中: * I've left the department in Bill's very efficient hands. 我已把这个部门交由非常得力的比尔去管理. an iron fist/hand in a velvet glove => iron1. join hands => join. keep one's `hand in retain one's skill by practice 藉练习以保持熟练程度: * I like to play tennis regularly, just to keep my hand in. 我喜欢经常打打网球, 以免技术生疏. know (a place) like the back of one's hand => know. lay one's `hands on sb/sth (a) find sb/sth 找到某人[某物]: * The book's here somewhere, but I can't lay my hands on it just now. 那本书就放在这儿的什麽地方, 但我现在就是找不到. (b) (infml 口) catch sb/sth 捉住某人[某物]: * If I ever lay my hands on the thief, he'll be sorry. 我要是什麽时候抓到了那个贼, 有他好受的. (c) (of a priest) put the hands on the head of sb, to bless, confirm or ordain him （指牧师）对某人行按手礼（将双手按在某人的头上表示祝福、 对其施行坚信礼或授予圣职）.

handicap
[5hAndikAp; 5hAndi7kAp] n 1 thing that makes progress or success difficult 不利的因素; 障碍. 2 physical or mental disability 生理上或智力上的缺陷; 残疾; 智力低下: * Deafness can be a serious handicap. 耳聋有时算是严重的缺陷. 3 (a) race or competition in which the competitors are given disadvantages in order to make their chances of success more equal 让步（加诸某些参赛者的不利因素以平衡获胜机会的比赛）. (b) disadvantage given in this way, eg a weight to be carried by a horse 让步中对某些参赛者设置的障碍（如赛马时给马增加负重）. 4 number of strokes by which a golfer normally exceeds par for the course 在高尔夫球赛中, 参赛一方超过标准杆数的击球次数. 派生： handicap v (-pp-) [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] give or be a disadvantage to (sb) 对（某人）设置不利条件; 被施加不利条件: be handicapped by a lack of education 因文化水平低而吃亏. handicapped adj suffering from a serious physical or mental disability 有生理缺陷的; 弱智的; 残疾的. the handicapped n [pl v] handicapped people 有生理缺陷者; 弱智者; 残疾人: a school for the severely handicapped 残疾人学校.

handicraft
[5hAndikra:ft; - -krAft; 5hAndi7krAft] n [U, C] work that needs both skill with the hands and artistic skill, eg needlework, pottery, woodwork 手工艺（如缝纫、 制陶、 木工）; 手工艺品: * an exhibition of handicraft(s) 手工艺品展览.

handiwork
[5hAndiwE:k; 5hAndi7wEk] n [U] 1 work done by the hands 手工; 手工制品. 2 (often ironic 常作反语) thing done by a particular person 某人做的东西: * Is that drawing on the board your handiwork, Clare? 克莱尔, 那板上的画儿是你的大作吗?

handkerchief
[5hANkEtFif, also -tFi:f; 5hANkltFif, -tFif] n (pl ~s or handkerchieves[-tFi:vz; -7tFivz] ) (usu square) piece of cloth or paper tissue for blowing the nose into, wiping the face, etc 手帕; 手绢; 纸巾.

handle
[5hAndl; 5hAndl] n 1 part of a tool, cup, bucket, door, drawer, etc, by which it may be held, carried or controlled （工具、 杯、 桶、 门、 抽屉等的）柄, 把, 把手, 拉手. 2 fact that may be taken advantage of 可能被利用的事实; 把柄; 可乘之机: * His indiscretions gave his enemies a handle to use against him. 他不够慎重予敌人以反对他的可乘之机. 3 (sl 俚) title 头衔: * have a handle to one's name, ie have a title, eg `Sir' or `Lord' 姓名带有头衔（如爵士或勋爵）. 4 (idm 习语) fly off the handle => fly2. 派生： handle v 1 [Tn] touch (sth) with or hold (sth) in the hand(s) （用手）触, 摸, 拿, 抓（某物）: Gelignite is dangerous stuff to handle. 葛里炸药是不可随便触碰的危险材料. * Wash your hands before you handle food. 洗完手再拿食物. * Fragile handle with care. 易碎品--小心轻放. 2 [Tn] deal with, manage or control (people, a situation, a machine, etc) 对付、 管理或控制（人、 情况、 机器等）: An officer must know how to handle his men. 当军官的应懂得怎样统率士兵. * This port handles 100 million tons of cargo each year. 这个港口每年货物吞吐量达1亿吨. * I was impressed by her handling of the affair. 我觉得她对此事的处理很了不起. 3 [I] (with an adv 与副词连用) (esp of a vehicle) be able to be operated in the specified way （尤指机动车）可用某方式操纵: This car handles well. 这辆汽车开起来真灵便. 4 [Tn] treat (a person or an animal) as specified （以某方式）对待（人或动物）: The speaker was roughly handled by the mob. 演说者受到暴民的粗暴对待. 5 [Tn] buy and sell (sth) 买卖（某物）: This shop does not handle such goods. 这家商店不经营这类商品. 6 [Tn] discuss or write about (a subject) 论及（某一题目）. handler[5hndlE(r); 5hAndll] n person who trains and controls an animal, esp a police-dog 训练和管理动物的人; （尤指）警犬训练员.

handle1
-handled (in compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having a handle of the specified type 有某类型把手的: a ,bone-handled `knife. 复合： `handlebar n (usu pl 通常作复数) bar with a handle at each end, for steering a bicycle, etc （自行车等的）把手. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xiii. ,handlebar mou`stache thick moustache with curved ends 翘八字胡.

handsome
[5hAnsEm; 5hAnsEm] adj 1 (a) (of men) good-looking （指男子）好看的, 漂亮的, 相貌堂堂的, 英俊的. (b) (of women) having a fine figure and a strong dignified appearance （指女子）健美而端庄的, 标致的: * I would describe her as handsome rather than beautiful. 我认为她是健美而不是貌美. (c) of fine appearance 美观的: * a handsome horse, building, car 漂亮的马、 建 物、 汽车. =>Usage at beautiful 用法见beautiful. 2 (of gifts, behaviour, etc) generous （指礼物、 行为等）慷慨的, 大方的: * a handsome present 出手大方的礼物. 3 considerable 可观的: * a handsome profit, price, fortune, etc 相当大的利润、 相当高的价格、 相当好的运气. 4 (idm 习语) ,handsome `is as ,handsome `does (saying 谚) a person's quality can only be judged from his behaviour, not from his appearance 行为美才是真美. > handsomely adv: * She was handsomely rewarded for her efforts. 她由於自己的努力而获得了相当大的报酬. handsomeness n [U].

handy
[5hAndi; 5hAndi] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 (of gadgets, etc) convenient to handle or use; useful （指小器具等）便於拿取的, 便於使用的, 有用的: * A good tool-box is a handy thing to have in the house. 家里有一个好的工具箱就方便多了. 2 [pred 作表语] conveniently placed for being reached or used 近便; 便当: * Our flat is very handy for the schools. 我们的住所离学校很近, 非常方便. * Always keep a first-aid kit handy. 手边要经常有个急救箱. 3 [usu pred 通常作表语] clever with one's hands 手巧: * He's handy about the house. 他修理房子手很巧. 4 (idm 习语) ,come in `handy be useful some time or other 迟早有用: * My extra earnings came in very handy. 我的额外收入可备我不时之需. * Don't throw that cardboard box away it may come in handy. 不要把那个纸盒丢掉--可能用得着. > handily adv: * We're handily placed for (ie within a short distance of) the shopping centre. 我们距离购物中心不远, 非常方便. handiness n [U]. 复合： handyman[5hAndimAn; 5hAndimAn] n (pl -men[-men; -mZn/) person who is clever at doing household repairs, etc or who is employed to do odd jobs 善於干家庭中修修补补的活儿的人; 受雇干零碎杂活的人.

hang
1[hAN; hAN] v (pt, pp hung/ hQN/; in senses 5 and 9 用於下述第5义和第9义时作 hanged) 1 (a) [Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] be supported, or support (sth) from above, esp so that the lower end is free 悬挂; 吊: * A towel hung from the rail. 栏杆上搭着条毛巾. * Hang your coat (up) on that hook. 把你的外衣挂在那个挂钩上. * She was hanging her washing (out) on the line. 她正在把洗好的衣服晾在绳子上. (b) [Ipr, Ip] (of material, clothing, etc) drape or fall as specified （指织物、 衣服等）挂着或垂吊着的某种样子: * The curtains were hanging in folds. 窗 成褶状下垂. * How does the dress hang at the back? 这件连衣裙後身合适吗? 2 [I, Tn] be left hanging, or leave (sth) hanging, until ready for eating 晾挂风乾（以便食用）: * How long has this meat (been) hung for? 这肉晾了多久了? 3 (a) [I, Tn] be fastened, or fasten (sth), to a wall esp in an exhibition 固定在墙上; （尤指）展览: * His portrait (was) hung above the fireplace. 他的肖像挂在壁炉的上方. * Her paintings hang in the National Gallery. 她的一些绘画作品在国家美术馆里展出. (b) [Tn.pr esp passive 尤用於被动语态] ~ sth with sth decorate sth with (pictures, ornaments, etc) 用（图画、 饰物等）装饰某物: * The rooms were hung with tapestries. 这些房间都装饰着挂毯. 4 [Tn] stick (wallpaper) to a wall 将壁纸贴在墙上. 5 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] kill (sb] oneself) by hanging from a rope around the neck, esp as capital punishment 上吊; 绞死（某人）; （尤指）处以绞刑: * He was hanged for murder. 他因犯谋杀罪而被处以绞刑. * She hanged herself from the rafters. 她悬梁自尽了. (b) [I] be killed in this way as a punishment 被处以绞刑: * You can't hang for such a crime. 你犯的这种罪不可能被处以绞刑. 6 [Tn] fasten (a door or gate) to hinges so that it swings freely 给（门）安装铰链. 7 [Ipr, Ip, Tn]

hang1
(cause sth to) droop or bend downwards （使某物）下垂或弯曲下垂: * The dog's tongue was hanging out. 这条狗把舌头伸在外面. * Children hung (ie were leaning) over the gate. 孩子们扒在大门上. * She hung her head in shame. 她羞愧得低下了头. 8 [Ipr] ~ (above/over sth/sb) remain in the air 悬浮於空中: * Smog hung in the sky (over the city). （城市）上空烟雾弥漫. 9 [Tn] (infml 口) damn (sth) 骂（某事物）该死、 见鬼、 岂有此理等: * Do it and hang the expense! 无论花多少钱也要干! * Hang it all, they hardly know each other! 真见鬼, 他们彼此不太认识! * I'm hanged if I know (ie I don't know at all) what to do. 我根本不知道该怎样办. 10 (idm 习语) go hang (sl 俚) (used to express defiance or lack of concern 用以表示蔑视或不关心) be damned 被骂该死、 见鬼去、 去他妈的等: * He can go hang for all I care. 见他的鬼吧, 我才不在乎哩. hang by a `hair/a (single) `thread (of a person's fate, etc) depend on sth small （指人的命运等）系於一发, 千钧一发. hang `fire (a) (of a gun) be slow in firing （指枪炮）迟发, 滞火. (b) be slow in taking action or making progress 行动迟缓; 进展慢: * The project had hung fire for several years because of lack of funds. 这个项目由於缺少资金而推迟了许多年. hang in the `balance (of events) have reached a critical point, where the result may go either way （指事情）发展到关键性阶段或紧要关头. hang on sb's `lips/`words/on sb's every `word listen attentively to sb 注意听某人讲话[不放过某人讲的每一个字]. let it all hang `out (sl catchphrase 俚, 警语) be completely uninhibited 无拘无束. one may/might as well be hanged/hung for a ,sheep as (for) a `lamb (saying 谚) if the penalty for a more serious offence is no greater than that for a less serious one, one might as well continue to commit the more serious one 偷小羊是死罪, 偷大羊也是死罪（若重罪不重罚, 则犯轻罪者索性犯重罪）. a peg to hang sth on => peg. (and) thereby hangs a tale there is an interesting (often surprising) story or piece of further information about what has just been mentioned 这里面还有个有趣的（常为令人惊奇的）故事哩; 这里面还大有文章. time hangs/lies heavy on one's hands => time1. with one' tongue hanging out => tongue.

hang2
11 (phr v) hang a`bout/a`round (...) (infml 口) bestanding about (a place), doing nothing definite; not move away 无所事事地待在（某处）; 荡来荡去: * unemployed people hanging about (the `streets) （街上）闲荡着的失业者. hang back (from sth) show unwillingness to do sth; hesitate 不情愿做某事; 犹豫: * She volunteered to help but he was afraid and hung `back. 她自愿帮忙, 可是他却畏避而不愿接受. hang `on (a) grip sth firmly 紧紧握住某物: * ,Hang on `tight we're off! 握紧了--我们出发了! (b) (infml 口) wait for a short time 稍等: * Hang `on a minute I'm nearly ready. 稍等片刻--我这就完. (c) (infml 口) (on the telephone) not replace the receiver （打电话时）不挂断: * The line was engaged and the operator asked if I'd like to hang `on. 电话占线 了, 话务员问我是否愿意等一下（别挂断电话）. hang on sth depend on sth 依赖某事物: * A great deal hangs on this decision. 这个决定关系重大. hang on to sth (a) hold sth tightly 抓紧某物: * ,Hang on to that `rope and don't let go. 抓紧那根绳子, 不要松手. (b) (infml 口) keep sth; not sell or give sth away 保留某物; 不把某物卖掉或给别人: * I should ,hang on to those old `photographs they may be valuable. 我要保存那些旧照片--可能很有价值. hang `out (infml 口) visit a place often; have one's home 常去某处; 居住: * Where does he hang out these days? 他这些日子里都在什麽地方来着? hang sth out put (washing) on a clothes-line so that it can dry （在绳上）晾乾（衣服等）: * He ,hung out her `blouses. 他把她的衬衫晾在绳子上了. hang to`gether (a) (of people) support or help one another （指人）团结一致, 互相帮助. (b) (of statements) be consistent （指说法）一致, 相符: * Their accounts of what happened don't hang together. 他们对於所发生的事的说法互相之间有矛盾.hang `up (on sb) (infml 口) end a telephone conversation by replacing the receiver 挂断电话. be/get hung `up (about/on sb/sth) (sl 俚) be emotionally upset or inhibited 心烦意乱; 不自在:

hang3
* She's really hung up on that guy. 她对那个小伙子确已神魂颠倒. be/get hung `up (by sth) be delayed by some difficulty （因某种困难）被拖延. 派生： hanging n 1 [U, C] death by hanging 绞死; 绞刑: sentence sb to death by hanging 判处某人绞刑 * There were two hangings here today. 今天此地有两起绞刑. 2 hangings [pl] curtains, draperies, etc hung on walls 墙壁上的悬挂物; 窗 ; 帷幔. 复合： hanger-on[7hANgEr 'Cn; 5hANl 'an] n (pl hangers-on[7hNEz 'Cn; 5hANlz 'an] ) (usu derog 通常作贬义) person who tries to become or appear friendly with others, esp in the hope of personal gain 竭力讨好他人的人（尤指为谋取私利者）: * The great actor was surrounded by his usual crowd of hangers-on. 这位大演员的周围经常有些前呼後拥的人. `hang-gliding n [U] sport of flying while hanging from a frame like a large kite controlled by one's own movements 悬挂式滑翔运动（吊在一个如同大风筝的框架下面, 由自身动作控制飞行）. Cf 参看 gliding (glide). `hang-glider n frame used in this sport 悬挂式滑翔机. hangman[-mEn; -mEn] n (pl -men[-mEn; -mEn] ) person whose job is to hang people condemned to death （绞刑的）行刑人, 刽子手. `hang-out n (sl 俚) place where one lives or which one visits often 住处; 常去的地方. `hang-up n (sl 俚) emotional inhibition or problem 情绪上的困扰或问题: She's got a real hang-up about her freckles. 她因生有雀斑而感到十分苦恼.

hangar
[5hANE(r); 5hANl] n large shed in which aircraft are kept 飞机棚; 飞机库.

hangdog
[5hANdCg; 5hAN7dCg] adj [attrib 作定语] (of sb's look) sly and ashamed, as if guilty （指人的外表）（似因负疚）躲躲闪闪的, 鬼鬼祟祟的: * his hangdog expression 他那羞愧的表情.

hanger
[5hANE(r); 5hANl] n 1 (also `clothes-hanger, `coat-hanger) curved piece of wood, plastic or wire with a hook, used for hanging up a garment 衣架. 2 loop or hook on or by which sth is hung （挂东西的）环子, 挂钩.

hangnail
[5hANneil; 5hAN7nel] (also agnail[5gneil;'Ag7nel] ) n (soreness caused by) torn skin near the rootof a finger-nail （指甲根上的）倒刺, 甲刺（所产生的痛感）.

hangover
[5hANEuvE(r); 5hAN7ovl] n 1 unpleasant after-effects of drinking too much alcohol 宿醉（过量饮酒後的不适反应）: * The next morning he was suffering from/had a hangover. 他过量饮酒後第二天早上感到不适. 2 thing left from an earlier time 遗留物: * This procedure is a hangover from the old system. 这样的程序是从旧制度那里沿袭下来的.

hank
[hANk; hANk] n coil or length of wool, thread, etc （毛线、 棉线等的）一束, 一卷, 一把: * wind a hank of wool into balls 把一卷毛线缠成线团.

hanker
[5hANkE(r); 5hANkl] v [Ipr, It] ~ after/for sth/to do sth have a strong desire for sth 渴求某事物: * hanker after wealth 渴求财富 * hanker to become famous 渴望成名. 派生： hankering n ~ (after/for sth) strong desire 强烈的念头: have a hankering for a cigarette 很想吸烟.

hanky
panky

Hansard
[5hAnsa:d; 5hAn7sard] n [sing] official report of the proceedings of the British Parliament 英国议会议事录.

hansom
[5hAnsEm; 5hAnsEm] n (also ,hansom `cab) old type of horse-drawn carriage with two wheels, for carrying two passengers inside, having the driver's seat high at the back outside, and the reins going over the roof 汉萨姆马车（旧式的双轮双座马车, 车夫的座位高踞车後, 绳越过车顶）.

haphazard
[hAp'hAzEd; 7hAp'hAzld] adj without plan or order; random 无计画的; 无秩序的; 任意的: * books piled on shelves in a haphazard fashion 乱七八糟地堆在书架上的书籍. > haphazardly adv.

hapless
[5hAplis; 5hAplis] adj [attrib 作定语] (arch or rhet 古或修辞) unlucky; unfortunate 不走运的; 不幸的: * our hapless hero 我们这不幸的男主人公 * a hapless fate 不幸的命运.

happen
[5hApEn; 5hApEn] v 1 (a) [I] occur (by chance or otherwise); take place （偶然地或必然地）出现; 发生: * How did the accident happen? 事故是怎麽发生的? * What happened next? 後来怎麽啦? * I'd stay if they promoted me, but I can't see that happening. 假若他们提升我, 我就留下来, 但我看那是不可能的. (b) [Ipr] ~ to sb/sth be the experience or fate of sb/sth 成为某人[某事物]的体验或命运; 临到某人[某事物]头上: * If anything happens to him (ie If he has an accident), let me know. 万一他有什麽不测, 就请通知我. * What's happened to my clothes? ie Do you know where they are? 我的衣服到哪里去了? 2 have the (good or bad) fortune (to do sth); chance 碰巧; 恰巧; 恰好: * She happened to be out/It happened that she was out when he called. 他打电话时, 她恰巧不在家. =>Usage at appear 用法见appear. 3 [Ipr] ~ on sth (fml 文) find sth by chance 偶然发现某事物: * I happened on just the thing I'd been looking for. 我偶然发现了我一直在寻找的东西. 4 (idm 习语) accidents will happen => accident. as it happens/happened by coincidence or chance 碰巧; 偶然: * We met her only yesterday, as it happens. 我们只是在昨天才与她偶然相遇. 派生： happening[5hApEniN; 5hApEniN] n (a) (usu pl 通常作复数) thing that happens; event; occurrence 发生的事; 事情; 事件: * There have been strange happenings here lately. 这里近来发生了一些怪事. (b) special event, esp a spontaneous theatrical performance 特殊的事; （尤指）戏剧的即兴表演. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Compare happen, occur and take place. 试比较happen、 occur、 take place这叁个词语. Happen and occur refer to accidental or unplanned events; occur is more formal than happen *happen和occur指偶然发生的或未经筹画的事件;occur比happen文雅些: The accident happened/occurred at about 9.30. 事故发生在9点30分左右. Happen canalso indicate one event resulting from another *happen亦可指某件事是由另一事引起的: What happened when you told him the news? (ie What did he do?) 你告诉他这消息时, 他有何反应? Take place suggests that an event is/was planned *take place指的事情是有计画的: The funeral took place on 24 April at 3 pm. 葬礼已於4月24月下午3时举行.

happy
[5hApi; 5hApi] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 ~ (about/in/with sth/sb) feeling or expressing pleasure, contentment,satisfaction, etc 有愉快、 满意、 满足等感受或表现的; 快乐的; 幸福的: * a happy marriage, scene, memory, child, ending (to a book, etc) 美满的婚姻、 欢喜的场面、 愉快的回忆、 幸福的孩子、 （书等的）圆满的结尾 * I won't be happy until I know she's safe. 我只有在知道她平安无事之後才会感到高兴. * Are you happy in your work/withyour life? 你对工作[对生活]是否满意? 2 (in greetings) full of joy （祝愿用语）快乐的: * Happy birthday! 祝你生日快乐! * Happy Christmas! 祝你圣诞节快乐! 3 [pred 作表语] ~ to do sth (fml 文) pleased to do sth 乐於做某事: * I am happy to be of service. 我很愿意提供帮助. 4 fortunate; lucky 幸运的; 运气好的: * He is in the happy position of never having to worry about money. 他真有福气, 从来不需要为金钱之事操心. 5 (of words, ideas, behaviour, etc) well suited to the situation; pleasing （指言语、 思想、 行为等）恰如其分的, 令人满意的: * That wasn't a very happy choice of words. 那样的措辞并不十分恰当. 6 (idm 习语) (as) happy as the day is `long/as a `sandboy/as `Larry very happy 非常快乐.a happy e`vent the birth of a child 弄璋或弄瓦之喜. a/the happy `medium thing that achieves a satisfactory avoidance of excess; balance between extremes 中庸之道; 折衷办法: * be/find/seek a happy medium 是[找/寻求]一个折衷办法. many happy re`turns (of the `day) (used as a greeting to sb on his or her birthday 用作生日的祝词). 派生： happily adv 1 contentedly 满足地; 幸福地: They lived happily ever after. 此後他们一直生活得很幸福. 2 fortunately 幸运地: Happily this never happened. 幸好这事从未发生. 3 appropriately 妥当地: His message was not very happily worded. 他的通知在措辞上有些欠妥. happiness n [U]. 复合： ,happy-go-`lucky adj accepting events cheerfully as they happen; carefree 乐天的; 无忧无虑的: She goes through life in a happy-go-lucky fashion. 她一向乐天知命.

hara
kiri

harangue
[hE'rAN; hE'rAN] n long, loud, serious and usu angry speech 长篇大论、 慷慨激昂、 郑重其事且通常为义愤填膺的演讲. 派生： harangue v [I, Tn] give a harangue to (sb) 对（某人）作慷慨激昂的演讲: haranguing the troops before a battle 临作战时向士兵作慷慨激昂的讲话.

harass
[5hrEs; - hE'rAs; hE'rAs] v [Tn] 1 trouble and annoy (sb) continually 不断打扰、 骚扰（某人）: * Political dissidents complained of being harassed by the police. 持不同政见者申诉他们受到警方的不断骚扰. * He always looks harassed, ie tired and irritated by constant worry. 他老是愁眉苦脸的. 2 make repeated attacks on (an enemy) 不断骚扰（敌人）. 派生： harassment n [U] harassing or being harassed 烦扰; 骚扰.

harbinger
[5ha:bindVE(r); 5harbindVl] n ~ (of sb/sth) (rhet 修辞) person or thing that announces or shows that sb/sth is coming 预告者; 先驱; 前兆: * The crowing of the cock is a harbinger of dawn. 鸡啼报晓. * The cuckoo is a harbinger of spring. 布谷鸟预告春天的来临.

harbour
(US harbor)[5ha:bE(r); 5harbl] n [C, U] 1 place of shelter for ships 港; 港口; 港湾: * Several boats lay at anchor in the harbour. 港湾里停泊着几只船. * We reached (the) harbour at sunset. 日落时我们抵达了港口. 2 (fig 比喻) place of safety or shelter 避难处; 庇护所. 派生： harbour (US harbor) v 1 [Tn] give shelter to (a criminal, etc); protect; conceal 庇护（罪犯等）; 保护; 藏匿: be convicted of harbouring a wanted man 因窝藏被通缉者而被定罪 * Dirt harbours germs. 污垢中藏有病菌. 2 [Tn] keep (sth) secretly in one's mind 心怀（某事物）: harbour a grudge, suspicions, thoughts of revenge, etc 心怀怨恨、 疑虑、 报复的念头等. 3 [I, Ipr] (of a sailor or ship) shelter in a harbour （指水手或船只）在港内停留. harbourage (US -bor-)[5ha:bEridV; 5harbEridV] n [U] shelter 庇护. 复合： `harbour-master n official in charge of a harbour 港务监督.

hard
1[ha:d; hard] adj (-er, -est) 1 not soft or yielding to the touch or easily cut; solid; firm 硬的; 坚实的; 坚固的: * ground made hard by frost 冻硬的土地 * Their bodies were hard and muscular after much training. 他们经过长期锻炼, 身体又结实又强壮. Cf 参看 soft. 2 ~ (for sb) (to do sth) difficult to do or understand or answer; not easy 难做的; 难懂的; 难答的; 困难的: * a hard task, book, language 艰巨的任务、 难读的书、 难学的语言 * She found it hard to decide. 她感到难以决定. * Whether it's true or not is hard to tell. 很难说究竟是真的还是假的. * It's hard for old people to change their ways. 老年人很难改变自己的习惯. * You are hard to please/a hard person to please. 你这个人, 很难讨你欢心[是个很难讨你好的人]. 3 (a) requiring much effort of body or mind; tough 费力的; 费神的; 艰难的: * It's hard work shifting snow. 清除积雪是很吃力的工作. * Some hard bargaining is called for. 需要进行艰难的谈判. * We must take a hard look at our finances. 我们应该密切注意财务问题. (b) [attrib 作定语] showing much effort; energetic辛苦的; 努力的: * a hard worker 努力工作的人. (c) of or like a strict or extreme political faction （政治斗争中）持强硬态度的, 不妥协的, 不让步的: * the hard left/right 持强硬态度的左派[右派]. 4 forceful; violent; harsh 有力的; 猛烈的; 严厉的: * hard knocks 猛烈的打击 * hard words 严厉的言辞. 5 causing unhappiness, discomfort or pain; difficult to endure 困苦的; 难以忍受的: * have a hard childhood 童年生活很艰苦 * be given/have a hard time, ie experience difficulties, misfortunes, etc 过苦日子（经受艰难, 不幸等） * in these hard times, ie when life is difficult because of poverty, unemployment, etc 当此困苦时期（由於贫穷、 失业等原因而感到生计艰难的时期）. 6 (of the weather) severe （指天气）凛冽的:

hard1
* a hard winter/frost 严冬[寒]. 7 (esp of a person) unfeeling; unsympathetic; harsh （尤指人）硬心肠的, 冷酷无情的, 严厉的: * a hard father, ie one who treats his children severely 严父. 8 (of sounds or colours) unpleasant to the ear or eye; harsh （指声音）刺耳的; （指色彩）刺目的: * a hard voice 刺耳的声音. 9 (of consonants) sounding sharp, not soft （指辅音）硬音的: * The letter `g' is hard in `gun' and soft in `gin'. g这个字母在gun字中是硬音, 在gin字中是软音. 10 (of drinks) strongly alcoholic （指酒）酒精含量高的: * hard liquor 烈酒 * (joc 谑) a drop of the hard stuff, ie alcoholic drink 一点酒. 11 (idm 习语) be hard on sb (a) treat or criticize sb severely 严格对待或严厉批评某人: * Don't be too hard on her she's very young. 别对她太严了--她还小呢. (b) be unfair to sb 对某人不公平: * The new law is a bit hard on those who were born abroad. 新法令对那些在国外出生的人有点不够公平. drive a hard bargain => drive1. ,hard and `fast (of rules, etc) that cannot be altered to fit special cases; inflexible （指规则等）不能变通的, 不容更改的: * hard and fast regulations, categories 硬性的规章制度、 分类方法 * This distinction isn't hard and fast. 这样的分类并非是一成不变的. (as) hard as `nails (of a person) without sentiment or sympathy; hard-hearted （指人）冷酷无情的, 铁石心肠的. (as) hard as `stone very hard or firm 极硬的; 坚如磐石的: * The ground is as hard as stone after the drought. 长期乾旱之後土地硬得就像石头一样. hard `at it working hard 努力工作. hard `facts accurate information, not expressions of opinion, etc 客观事实（而不是意见、 看 法等）. hard `going difficult to understand or enjoy; boring 难懂的; 难欣赏的; 令人厌烦的: * I'm finding this book very hard going. 我觉得这本书十分难懂. hard `lines; hard, etc luck (on sb) (infml 口) (used as anexclamation or a sympathetic comment on sb's misfortune用作叹词或当提及某人的不幸时用以表示同情):

hard2
* You failed your driving test, I hear hard lines! 听说你驾驶执照考试没及格--真不走运! * Its hard luck on those who were beaten in the first round of the competition.那些在第一轮比赛中就遭到失败的人真倒霉. a hard-`luck story version of events told by sb wanting sympathy （为博取同情而诉说的）不幸事. a hard/tough nut to crack => nut. ,hard of `hearing rather deaf 听觉不灵的: * TV subtitles for the hard of hearing 电视中为听力差的观众加设的字幕. the hard/soft sell => sell n. hard to `take difficult to accept without annoyance, grief or bitterness （令人气恼、 悲伤或痛苦因而）难以接受的: * I find his attitude very hard to take. 我觉得他的态度实在难以忍受. the `hard way using the most difficult or least convenient method to do or achieve sth 采用最困难或最麻烦的方法（做或实现某事物）: * do sth/find out/learn/grow up the hard way 以吃力的方式或以高昂的代价做某事[调查/学习/成长]. make hard `work of sth make an activity seem more difficult than it is 用笨法子做某事. no hard `feelings no resentment or bitterness 没有嫌隙; 没有恶感: * We were enemies once, but there are no hard feelings between us now. 我们曾经是仇人, 但现在彼此已不存芥蒂. play hard to `get (infml 口) try to increase one's status and desirability by not readily accepting an offer or invitation,esp from the opposite sex 不轻易接受别人（尤指异性）给予的好处或邀请以提高身价. take a hard line (on/over sth) remain fixed and uncompromising in one's attitude, policy, etc 奉行强硬路线; 持强硬态度. too much like hard `work (of an activity) too demanding or wearisome to undertake （指活动）太费劲, 太累人: * I don't want to go for a walk on such a hot day it's too much like hard work for me. 我不想在这样的大热天里去散步--我简直吃不消. > hardness n [U]. 复合： `hardback n [C, U] book bound in a stiff cover 精装书: Hardbacks are expensive. 精装书很贵.

hard3
* My novel has just appeared in hardback. 我的小说刚出精装本. * [attrib 作定语] a hardback book 精装书. Cf 参看 paperback (paper). `hardboard n [U] stiff board made of compressed and treated wood-pulp 硬质纤维板（由木浆经加压处理後制成）. ,hard `cash coins and notes (ie not a cheque or promise to pay later) 现金; 现款. ,hard `copy (computing 计) printed material produced by a computer or from a microfilm, etc and able to be read without a special device 硬拷贝（由计算机打印或由缩微胶卷等复制的文件, 可不藉专门设备进行阅读）. `hard core (a) rubble, broken bricks, etc (used for foundations, roadmaking, etc) （用作地基、 路基等的）碎石、 碎砖等. (b) central, basic or most enduring part (of a group, etc) （某一组织等的）中坚力量, 基干部分, 最坚定的一部分人: the hard core of the opposition 在反对党内的中坚分子. hard court tennis court with a hard surface, not of grass 硬地网球场（非草地的）. ,hard `cover stiff binding for a book （书的）精装封面: [attrib 作定语] ,hard-cover `books 精装书. ,hard `currency currency that is not likely to fall suddenly in value 硬通货（其价值较为稳定）. ,hard `disk (computing 计) rigid disk, capable of holding more data than a floppy disk (flop) 硬磁盘. ,hard `drug drug that is strong and likely to lead toaddiction 硬性毒品（性烈且易成瘾）: Heroin and cocaineare hard drugs. 海洛因和可卡因都是容易上瘾的烈性毒品. Cf 参看 soft drug (soft). ,hard-`headed adj not sentimental; practical 不感情用事的; 讲求实际的: a ,hard-headed `realist 清醒的现实主义者. ,hard-`hearted adj lacking in feeling or sympathy; unkind 硬心肠的; 无情的. ,hard `labour (imprisonment with) heavy physical labour as a punishment 劳役; 苦役: be sentenced to ten years' hard labour 被判处服十年劳役. ,hard-`line adj uncompromising in one's beliefs or policies 立场坚定的; 奉行强硬路线的: a ,hard-line `socialist 立场坚定的社会主义者. ,hard-`liner n: socialist hard-liners 社会主义者中的强硬派.

hard4
,hard-`nosed adj (infml 口 esp US) tough and unyielding 顽强的; 不屈的: a ,hard-nosed `businessman 实打实的生意人. ,hard `porn very obscene pornography 赤裸裸的色情描绘; 黄色书刊、 图画等. ,hard `sauce (esp US) butter and sugar creamed with a flavouring (eg vanilla, rum or brandy) and served with plum pudding, etc 黄油甜酱（将黄油和糖搅成乳脂状加上香精、 朗姆酒或白兰地等调料制成, 可配合乾果布丁等食用）. ,hard `shoulder strip of ground with a hard surface beside a motorway where vehicles may stop in an emergency 硬质路肩（高速公路旁供车辆紧急停车使用的表面坚硬的狭长路段）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xiii. `hard-top n car with a metal roof 硬顶小轿车（有金属顶篷的）. `hardware n [U] (a) metal tools and household implements, eg pans, nails, locks; ironmongery 五金制品（如锅、 钉、 锁）; 五金. (b) heavy machinery or weapons 重型机器; 重武器: military hardware 重型军事装备. (c) (computing 计) mechanical and electronic parts of a computer 硬件（计算机的机械及电子部件）. Cf 参看 software (soft). ,hard `water water containing mineral salts that prevent soap from lathering freely and produce a hard coating inside pipes, tanks, etc 硬水. `hardwood n [U] hard heavy wood from a deciduous tree, eg oak, teak, beech 硬木（如橡木、 柚木、 山毛榉木等）: [attrib 作定语] hardwood doors, floors, etc 硬木房门、 地板等. Cf 参看 softwood (soft).

harden
[5ha:dn; 5hardn] v 1 (a) [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become hard, strong, unyielding, etc （使某事物）变硬、 变坚强、 变坚定等: * The varnish takes a few minutes to harden. 清漆几分钟就能变硬. * Attitudes to the strike have hardened on both sides. 双方对罢工所持的态度更加强硬了. * For her own good, you must harden your heart, ie not allow yourself to show love, pity, etc. 替她着想, 你不能心软（不要流露自己的爱、 同情等）. (b) [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: * Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (to sth) make sb less sensitive (to sth) 使某人（对某事）麻木不仁或毫不在乎: * a hardened criminal, ie one who shows no sign of shame or repentance 怙恶不悛的罪犯 * He became hardened to the suffering around him. 他对周围的苦难现象已经见怪不怪了. 2 (phr v) harden (sth) off (cause young plants, esp seedlings to) become strong enough for planting outside （使幼小植物, 尤指幼苗）增强耐受能力以备露天种植.

hardly
[5ha:dli; 5hardli] adv 1 only just; scarcely 刚刚; 仅仅: * I hardly know her. 我不怎麽认识她. * We had hardly begun/Hardly had we begun our walk when it began to rain. 我们刚一举步就下起雨来了. * I'm so tired I can hardly (ie only with difficulty) stay awake. 我疲倦得简直昏昏欲睡. 2 (used to suggest that sth is improbable, unlikely or unreasonable 用以表示某事未必能发生、 不大可能发生或不合情理): * He can hardly (ie cannot possibly) have arrived yet. 他大概还没有到. * You can hardly expect me to lend you money again. 你可别指望我再借给你钱. 3 almost no; almost not 几乎没有; 几乎不: * There's hardly any coal left. 几乎没有煤了. * Hardly anybody (ie Very few people) came. 几乎没有什麽人来. * He hardly ever (ie very seldom) goes to bed before midnight. 他很少在午夜以前就寝. * I need hardly say (ie It is almost unnecessary for me to say) that I was very upset. 无庸赘言, 我心乱如麻. =>Usage at almost 用法见almost.

hardship
[5ha:dFip; 5hardFip] n 1 [U] severe suffering or discomfort; privation 苦难; 困苦; 贫困: * bear/suffergreat hardship 遭受[经受]巨大的苦难. 2 [C] circumstance causing this 艰难情况: * During the war we suffered many hardships. 我们在战争期间吃了许多苦头.

hardy
[5ha:di; 5hardi] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 able to endure cold or difficult conditions; tough, robust 耐寒的; 能吃苦的; 强壮的; 坚强的: * A few hardy people swam in the icy water. 有几个不怕冷的人在冰冷的水里游泳.2 (of a plant) that can grow in the open air all through the winter （指植物）可在露天过冬的, 耐寒的. > hardiness n [U]. 复合： ,hardy `annual 1 annual plant strong enough to be grown in the open air 耐寒的一年生植物. 2 (fig joc 比喻, 谑) subject that is mentioned or discussed regularly 周期性地提出来的老问题.

hare
[heE(r); her] n 1 fast-running mammal that lives in fields, like a rabbit but larger, with long ears and a divided upper lip 野兔. Cf 参看 leveret. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page iii. 2 (idm 习语) ,mad as a March `hare => mad. ,run with the ,hare and ,hunt with the `hounds try to remain friendly with both sides in a dispute 两面讨好. ,raise/,start a `hare introduce a subject for discussion to stimulate conversation or to divert people's minds from the main subject 提出一个问题以引起议论或转移人们对主要问题的注意. 派生： hare v [Ipr, Ip] run very fast 奔跑: He hared off (ie ran away at great speed) down the street. 他沿街飞奔而去. 复合： `hare-brained adj foolish; crazy 愚蠢的; 疯狂的: a hare-brained scheme, person 愚蠢的计画、 人. ,hare`lip n condition in which a person's (usu upper) lip is deformed at birth, with a vertical split in it 兔唇; 唇裂.

harebell
[5heEbel; 5her7bel] (Scot 苏格兰作 bluebell) n wild plant with blue bell-shaped flowers and round leaves 圆叶风铃草.

harem
[5ha:ri:m; - 'hArEm; 5herEm] n 1 separate part of a traditional Muslim house in which the women live 穆斯林传统住宅中女眷居住的内室或闺房. 2 women living in this 穆斯林闺房中的女眷.

haricot
[5hArikEu; 5hAri7ko] n (also ,haricot `bean) white dried seed of a type of bean plant, eaten as a vegetable 扁豆.

hark
[ha:k; hark] v 1 [I] (arch 古) listen 听. 2 (phr v) hark at sb (infml joc 口, 谑) (usu imperative 通常用於祈使语气) listen to sb (implying that the previous speaker is being arrogant, silly, etc) 听某人的（暗指刚才说话的人讲得放肆、 愚蠢等）: * Just hark at him! Who does he think he is? 听听他的! 看他自以为是何许人也? hark back (to sth) mention again or remember an earlier subject, event, etc 重新提到或想起原先的问题、 旧事等: * To hark back to what we were discussing earlier... 回到我们原来的议题上来....

harlequin
[5ha:likwin; 5harlEkwin] n (formerly) comic character in pantomime, usu dressed in a costume of many colours and wearing a mask （旧时）童话剧中的滑稽角色（通常身穿杂色衣服, 头戴面具）. 派生： harlequin adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] gaily coloured色彩鲜艳的. harlequinade[7ha:likwi'neid; 7harlEkwin'ed] n part of a pantomime in which a harlequin plays the main part （童话剧中以滑稽角色为主的）丑角戏.

harlot
[5ha:lEt; 5harlEt] n (arch or derog 古或贬) prostitute 妓女; 娼妓.

harm
[ha:m; harm] n 1 [U] damage; injury 损害; 伤害: * He meant no harm, ie did not intend to hurt or upset anyone. 他并无恶意. * A few late nights never did anyone any harm. 熬几个晚上对任何人绝无害处. 2 (idm 习语) ,come to `harm (usu negative 通常用於否定式) be injured physically, mentally or morally 身体上、 精神上或道义上受到损害: * I'll go with her to make sure she comes to no harm. 我要和她同去以免她受到伤害. ,do more ,harm than `good have an effect which is more damaging than helpful 弊大於利: * If we interfere, it may do more harm than good. 倘若我们进行干预, 那可能弊多利少. out of harm's way in a safe place 在安全的地方: * Put that vase out of harm's way so the children can't break it. 把那只花瓶放在安全的地方, 免得孩子们打碎了. there is no harm in (sb's) doing sth/it does no harm (for sb) to do sth nothing is lost by doing sth (and some good may result from it) 做某事并无害处（反而可能带来某些好处）: * He may not be able to help but there's no harm in asking him. 他可能帮不了忙, 但是求他一下倒也无妨. 派生： harm v 1 [Tn] cause harm to (sb/sth) 损害或伤害（某人[某事物]）: an event which has harmed relations between the two countries 危及两国关系的事件 * Were the hostages harmed? 人质受到伤害了没有? 2 (idm 习语) not harm/hurt a fly => fly1. harmful[5ha:mfl; 5harmfEl] adj ~ (to sb/sth) causingharm 有害的; 可致损伤的: * the harmful effects of smoking吸烟的害处 * Smoking is harmful to your health. 吸烟有害於健康. harmfully[5ha:mfEli; 5harmfEli] adv. harmless adj 1 not able or likely to cause harm 无害的; 不会引起损伤的: harmless snakes 无毒的蛇. 2 (a)(infml 口) unlikely to be difficult or unpleasant; inoffensive不至於令人为难或不快的; 无恶意的: harmless fun 并无恶意的玩笑 * He's a harmless enough chap. 他是个好好先生.

harm1
(b) innocent 无辜的: The bomb blast killed several harmless passers-by. 那颗炸弹炸死了几个无辜的过路人. harmlessly adv. harmlessness n [U].

harmonic
[ha:'mCnik; har'manik] n (music 音) higher note produced (eg by the vibration of a string) when a note is played that has a fixed relation to it 泛音. 派生： harmonic adj of or full of harmony 和声的: harmonic tones/overtones 和音[泛音].

harmonica
[ha:'mCnikE; har'manikE] n = mouth-organ (mouth1).

harmonious
[ha:'mEuniEs; har'moniEs] adj 1 free from disagreement or ill feeling 和谐的; 和睦的: * a harmonious community, relationship, atmosphere 和睦的社会、 关系、 气氛. 2 arranged together in a pleasing, orderly way 协调的; 调和的: * a harmonious group ofbuildings 协调的建 群 * harmonious colour combinations调和的色彩组合. 3 sweet-sounding; tuneful 音调优美的; 悦耳的: * harmonious sounds 美妙的声音. > harmoniously adv.

harmonium
[ha:'mEuniEm; har'moniEm] n musical instrument with a keyboard (like an organ), in which notes are produced by air pumped through metal reeds 簧风琴（类似风琴的键盘乐器, 依靠空气使金属簧片振动而发音）.

harmonize, harmonise
[5ha:mEnaiz; 5harmE7naiz] v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (with sth) be or make (sth) harmonious （使某事物）和谐, 协调: * colours that harmonizewell, ie together produce a pleasing artistic effect 极为调和的各种颜色（整体上产生悦目的艺术效果） * The cottages harmonize well with the landscape. 这些村舍与周围风景显得十分协调. * It would be sensible if we could harmonize our plans (with yours). 假定我们能使自己的计画（与你们的）协调起来, 那就切合实际了. 2 (music 音) (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) add notes to (a melody) to produce harmony 为（乐曲）配和声. (b) [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb) sing in harmony with another singer or singers （与其他歌唱者）用和声唱: * That group harmonizes well. 那一组用和声演唱得很出色. > harmonization, -isation[7ha:mEnai'zeiFn; - -ni'z-; 7harmEni'zeFEn] n [U, C].

harmony
[5ha:mEni; 5harmEni] n 1 [U] agreement (of feelings, interests, opinions, etc) （感情、 兴趣、 意见等）相符, 一致: * working towards harmony in international affairs 致力使国际事务协调一致. 2 [C, U] (instance of a) pleasing combination of related things 协调; 匀称: * the harmony of colour in nature 自然界色彩的协调 * The designer's aim is to produce a harmony of shape and texture. 设计者的目标是要使外观与材料的特性两者统一起来. 3 (a) [U] (music 音) (study of the) combinationof different notes at the same time to produce chords和声（学）: * The two sang in harmony. 这两人用和声演唱. (b) [C] sweet or melodious sound 美妙动听的声音;乐声. Cf 参看 concord, discord. 4 (idm 习语) in harmony (with sb/sth) agreeing; matching 协调一致; 相配: * live together in perfect harmony, ie peacefully and happily 住在一起十分融洽 * His tastes are in harmony with mine. 他的爱好与我的相同.

harness
[5ha:nis; 5harnis] n 1 equipment consisting of leather straps and saddle and metal fittings by which a horse is controlled and fastened to the cart, plough, etc that it pulls 马具（包括皮带和马鞍以及金属器具）. 2 similar equipment, eg as worn by a parachutist or for controlling a small child 类似马具的装备（如降落伞背带或幼童的系带）. =>illus 见插图. 3 (idm 习语) die in harness => die2. in double `harness => double1. 派生： harness v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sth) put a harness on (a horse, etc); attach (a horse, etc) by a harness 给（马等）上挽具; 套（马等）: harness a horse to a wagon 把马套到四轮马车上. 2 [Tn] control and use (a natural force) to produce electrical power, etc 控制及利用（自然界的力量）以产生电能等: harness a river, a waterfall, the sun's rays as a source of energy 利用河水、 瀑布、 太阳光作为能源.

harp
[ha:p; harp] n large upright musical instrument with strings stretched on a triangular frame and played with the fingers 竖琴. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xi. 派生： harp v (phr v) harp on (about) sth talk repeatedly and tiresomely about sth 唠叨; 对某事物絮聒不休: She's always harping on (about) my faults. 她对我的错误老是唠叨个没完. harpist n person who plays the harp 竖琴弹奏者.

harpoon
[ha:'pu:n; har'pun] n missile like a spear with a rope attached, thrown by hand or fired from a gun, used for catching whales, etc 鱼叉（状若梭镖, 系於绳上, 用手掷出或用炮射出, 用以捕鲸等）. 派生： harpoon v [Tn] strike (sth) with a harpoon 用鱼叉叉（某物）.

harpsichord
[5ha:psikC:d; 5harpsi7kCrd] n musical instrument similar to a piano, but with strings that are plucked mechanically 拨弦键琴（似钢琴的一种乐器, 有弦, 用机械拨奏）.

harpy
[5ha:pi; 5harpi] n 1 (in Greek mythology) cruel monster with a woman's head and body and a bird's wings and claws （希腊神话中的）鸟身女妖（凶残的怪物, 头部及身躯似女人, 生有鸟翼与鸟爪）. 2 cruel greedy hard-hearted woman 残酷无情、 贪婪成性的女子.

harridan
[5hAridEn; 5hArEdEn] n bad-tempered old woman 脾气暴躁的老妇人; 老泼妇.

harrier
[5hAriE(r); 5hAril] n 1 hound used for hunting hares 猎兔犬. 2 cross-country runner 越野赛跑者. 3 type of falcon 鹞.

harrow
[5hArEu; 5hAro] n heavy frame with metal spikes or discs dragged over ploughed land to break up lumps of earth, cover seeds, etc 耙. 派生： harrow v 1 [I, Tn] pull a harrow over (land) 耙（地）. 2 [Tn] distress (sb) greatly 使（某人）极其痛苦. harrowing[5hArEuiN; 5hAroiN] adj very distressing 令人极其伤心的: * a harrowing experience, story, film 极其痛苦的经历、 令人肠断的故事、 催人泪下的电影.

harry
[5hAri; 5hAri] v (pt, pp harried) [Tn] 1 annoy (sb) with repeated requests, questions, etc; harass （以不断地要求、 询问等方式）打扰, 烦扰（某人）; 使烦恼: * harried by press reporters wanting a story 受到渴望获得报道材料的新闻记者的打扰. 2 raid and plunder (sth) repeatedly 不断袭扰和打劫（某处）: * The Vikings harried the English coast. 北欧海盗曾不断骚扰英国沿海地区.

harsh
[ha:F; harF] adj (-er, -est) 1 ~ (to sb/sth) unpleasantly rough or sharp, esp to the senses 粗糙而使人不舒服的; （尤指）刺激人感官的: * a harsh texture, voice, light, colour 毛糙的织物、 刺耳的声音、 刺目的光线、 耀眼的颜色 * be harsh to the ear/eye/touch 刺耳[刺目/扎手]. 2 stern; cruel; severe 严酷的; 无情的; 严厉的: * a harsh judge, judgement, punishment 严厉的法官、 判决、 处罚. > harshly adv: * be harshly treated 受到严厉对待. harshness n [U].

hart
[ha:t; hart] n (pl unchanged or ~s 复数或不变或作 harts) adult male of (esp red) deer; stag （长成的）公鹿（尤指红鹿）. Cf 参看 hind2.

hartebeest
[5ha:tEbi:st; 5hartE7bist] n large African antelope with curving horns 麋羚（非洲的大羚羊, 有弯角）.

harum
scarum

harvest
[5ha:vist; 5harvist] n 1 (a) [C] cutting and gathering of grain and other food crops 收割; 收获. (b) [C, U] season when this is done 收获季节; 收获期: * Farmers are very busy during (the) harvest. 在收获季节里农民非常忙碌. (c) [C] (amount of the) crop obtained 收成; 收获量: * gather in the harvest 收庄稼 * a succession of good harvests 连续的好收成 * This year's wheat harvest was poor. 今年小麦收成不好. 2 [C] (fig 比喻) consequences of any action 结果: * reap the harvest of (ie be rewarded for) one's hard work 获得辛勤劳动的成果. 派生： harvest v [I, Tn] gather (a crop); reap 收割（庄稼）; 收获: The farmers are out harvesting (the corn). 农民们在地里收割（作物）. harvester n 1 person who harvests crops; reaper 收割庄稼的人; 收获者. 2 machine for cutting and gathering grain, esp the type that also binds the grain into sheaves or threshes the grain 收割机; （尤指兼能困扎或脱粒的）联合收割机. Cf 参看 combine2 2. 复合： ,harvest `festival service of thanksgiving in Christian churches after the harvest has been gathered 秋收感恩礼拜（基督教教会於收获後所举行的仪式）; 秋收感恩节. ,harvest `home (esp Brit) celebration organized by farmers for their workers after the harvest has been gathered 收获节祝宴（收获後农场主人为雇工举行的家宴）. ,harvest `moon full moon nearest to the autumn equinox (22 or 23 September) 9月22日或23日秋分前後的满月. has

hash
1[hAF; hAF] n 1 [U] (dish of) cooked meat cut into small pieces and recooked 回锅肉丁. 2 [C] mixture or jumble; re-used material 混杂（物）; 大杂烩; 再次使用的材料. 3 (idm 习语) make a hash of sth (infml 口) do sth badly 把某事物搞得一团糟. settle sb's hash => settle2. 派生： hash v [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) 1 chop (meat) into small pieces 把（肉）切成小块; 把（肉）剁碎. 2 (sl 俚) make a mess of sth; do sth badly 把某事物弄糟; 做坏某事物: I'm sorry I hashed up the arrangements. 对不起, 我把整个安排给打乱了.

hashish
[5hAFi:F; 5hAFiF] (also hash) n [U] top leaves and tender parts of the hemp plant dried for smoking or chewing as a narcotic drug 哈希什（从印度大麻提出的可供吸食或咀嚼的麻醉品）. Cf 参看 cannabis, marijuana.

hasp
[ha:sp; - hAsp; hAsp] n part of a fastening for a door, window, etc consisting of a hinged metal strip that fits over a staple and is secured by a padlock （门窗等的）搭扣（包括一带有铰链的金属条及一U形环, 套上後可用挂锁锁住）.

hassle
[5hAsl; 5hAsl] n [C, U] (infml 口) (a) difficulty; struggle 困难; 斗争: * Changing trains with all that luggage was a real hassle. 带着那麽多行李换乘火车真是件麻烦事. (b) argument; quarrel 争辩; 争吵: * Do as you're told and don't give me any hassle! 叫你怎麽做就怎麽做, 别跟我多嘴! 派生： hassle v (infml 口) 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb) argue; quarrel 争辩; 争吵. 2 [Tn] harass (sb); bother; jostle 不断打扰（某人）; 烦扰; 搅扰: Don't keep hassling me! 别老烦我!

hassock
[5hAsEk; 7hAsEk] n thick firm cushion for kneeling on, esp in church 厚实的跪垫（尤指教堂用的）.

haste
[heist; hest] n 1 [U] quickness of movement; hurry 急忙; 匆忙: * Why all the haste? 为什麽这麽匆忙? 2 (idm 习语) in haste quickly 匆忙地. make haste (dated or fml 旧或文) act quickly; hurry 赶快; 赶紧. marry in haste, repent at leisure => marry. ,more ,haste, ,less `speed (saying 谚) one makes more real progress if one does things less hurriedly 欲速则不达. with all speed/haste => speed.

hasten
[5heisn; 5hesn] v 1 [Ipr, Ip, It] move or act with speed; hurry 急忙; 赶快: * He hastened (away) to the office. 他急急忙忙到办公室去了. * I have important news for you good news, I hasten to add. 我有重要消息要告诉你--是好消息, 我得赶紧补充一句. 2 [Tn] cause (sth) to be done or to happen earlier 催促; 促进: * Artificial heating hastens the growth of plants. 人工供暖能促进植物生长.

hasty
[5heisti; 5hesti] adj (-ier, -iest) (a) said, made or done quickly or too quickly; hurried 急急忙忙的; 过於匆忙的; 仓促完成的: * a hasty departure, meal, farewell匆匆忙忙的离去、 用餐、 告别 * hasty words that are soon regretted 脱口而出旋即後悔的话. (b) [usu pred 通常作表语] ~ (in doing sth/to do sth) (of a person) acting quickly; too fast （指人）仓促从事, 草率: * You shouldn't be too hasty in deciding to get married. 在婚姻大事上你不该过於轻率. > hastily[-ili; -li] adv. hastiness n [U]

hat
[hAt; hAt] n 1 covering made to fit the head, usu with a brim, worn out of doors 帽子（通常指有檐的）: * put on/take off one's hat 戴[脱]帽. Cf 参看 bonnet. 2 (infml 口) symbol of a person's official position 官职的象徵: * wear two hats, ie have two official or professional roles 身兼两职. 3 (idm 习语) at the drop of a hat => drop1. I'll eat my hat => eat. ,keep sth under one's `hat keep sth secret 对某事物保密. knock sb/sth into a cocked hat => knock2. ,my `hat (used as an exclamation of astonishment or disbelief 用以表示惊讶或不信). old hat => old. ,out of a/the `hat picked at random 随意挑选的: * Prizes went to the first three out of the hat. 奖品为随意挑选出来的前叁人所得. pass the hat round => pass2. take one's hat off to sb acknowledge admiration for sb 向某人脱帽致敬; 对某人表示钦佩: * I must say I take my hat off to him I neverthought he would get into the first team. 我得说我对他真是敬佩--我从未想到他能参加甲队. talk through one's hat => talk2. 派生： hatless adj not wearing a hat 不戴帽子的. hatter[5hAtE(r); 5hAtl] n 1 person who makes or sells hats 制帽者; 帽商. 2 (idm 习语) mad as a hatter => mad. 复合： `hatband n band of ribbon, etc round a hat justabove the brim 帽带（帽檐上的一圈由丝等做成的带子）. `hat-pin n long pin used to fasten a hat to the hair 帽针（将帽子别在头发上的长别针）. `hat trick (a) (in cricket) taking of three wickets by the same bowler with three successive balls （板球运动）投球手连续叁次击倒叁柱门: take a hat trick （一人）连续叁次击倒叁柱门. (b) three similar successes achieved by one person in another sport or activity （其他运动或活动中）一人连续叁次取胜的成绩: score a hat trick of goals （一人）连进叁球.

hatch
1[hAtF; hAtF] n 1 (a) opening in a door, floor or ceiling （门、 地板或天花板上的）开口. (b) (also `hatchway) opening in a ship's deck through which cargo is lowered or raised （船的甲板上装卸货物的）舱口: * under hatches, ie below deck 在甲板下. (c) opening in a wall between two rooms, esp a kitchen and dining-room, through which dishes, etc are passed 两室之间的小窗口（尤指厨房和餐厅之间的, 用以传递菜肴等）. (d) door in an aircraft or a spacecraft （飞机或宇宙飞船上的）舱门. 2 movable cover over any of these openings 各种开口的活动门; 舱口盖. 3 (idm 习语) ,down the `hatch (infml 口) (said before esp drink is swallowed) down the throat 乾杯.

hatchback
[5hAtFbAk; 5hAtF7bAk] n car with a large sloping back, hinged at the top, that opens like a door （带上掀式斜背的）小轿车. =>illus at car 见car插图.

hatchet
[5hAtFit; 5hAtFit] n 1 light short-handled axe 短柄小斧. =>illus at axe 见axe插图. 2 (idm 习语) bury the hatchet => bury. 复合： `hatchet-faced adj having a long face and sharp features 面部瘦长而棱角分明的. `hatchet job (infml 口 esp US) destructive or malicious attack on sb, esp in speech or writing 对某人的诋毁或恶毒攻击（尤指在言语或文字上）: Two newspapers did avery effective hatchet job on the Prime Minister's achievements.有两家报纸对首相的成就极尽诋毁之能事. `hatchet man (infml 口) (a) person employed to discredit and remove opponents or to carry out criminal tasks 受雇从事诋毁及除掉对手之活动的人; 受雇执行罪恶使命的人. (b) person employed to reduce staff and expenditure in a firm, etc 企业等中执行裁减人员及费用之事务的雇员.

hatchway
[5hAtFwei; 5hAtF7we] n = hatch1 1.

hate
[heit; het] v 1 (a) [Tn] feel hatred towards (sb/sth) 憎恨, 憎恶（某人[某事物]）: * My cat hates dogs. 我的猫与狗极不睦. * her hated rival 她所憎恨的对手. (b) [Tn, Tt, Tnt, Tg, Tsg] strongly dislike (sb/sth) 讨厌, 厌恶（某人[某事物]）: * I hate fried food. 我厌恶煎炸食品. * I hate delays/to be delayed/being delayed. 我对耽搁时间很反感. * She hates anyone listening when she's telephoning. 她讨厌别人听着她打电话. (c) [Tt, Tnt, Tg] (infml 口) be reluctant; regret 不愿; 遗憾: * I hate to trouble you. 我不愿麻烦你. * I would hate you to think I didn't care. 很遗憾你认为我漠不关心. 2 (idm 习语) ,hate sb's `guts (infml 口) dislike sb intensely 对某人恨之入骨. 派生： hate n (a) [U] strong dislike; hatred 憎恨; 厌恶: feel hate for sb 对某人感到厌恶 * a look (full) of hate （充满）敌意的目光. (b) [C] (infml 口) hated person or thing 所恨的人或事物: one of my pet hates 我所恨之入骨者之一 * Plastic flowers are a particular hate of mine. 塑料花是我特别厌恶的东西.

hateful
[5heitfl; 5hetfEl] adj ~ (to sb) causing sb to feel hatred or strong dislike; detestable; very unpleasant 可恨的; 可恶的; 讨厌的; 令人厌恶的: * a hateful person,remark, deed 可恶的人、 言语、 行为 * All tyranny is hateful to us. 我们对一切暴政都深恶痛绝. > hatefully[-fEli; -fEli] adv. hatefulness n [U].

hatred
[5heitrid; 5hetrid] n [U] ~ (for/of sb/sth) very strong dislike; hate 仇恨; 憎恨: * feel hatred for the enemy 对敌人怀着仇恨 * He looked at me with hatred. 他以憎恨的眼光望着我. * She has a profound hatred of fascism. 她对法西斯主义怀有深仇大恨.

hatter
=> hat.

haughty
[5hC:ti; 5hCti] adj (-ier, -iest) (of a person or his manner) arrogant while despising others; proud and disdainful （指人或态度）高傲自大的, 倨傲不逊的: * The nobles treated the common people with haughty contempt. 贵族对待平民趾高气扬不可一世. > haughtily[-ili; -li] adv. haughtiness n [U].

haul
[hC:l; hCl] v 1 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] pull or drag (sth) with effort or force 用力拖或拉（某物）: * sailors hauling (away) (on the ropes) 拽着（绳索）（不放）的水手 * elephants hauling logs 拖运木材的象 * haul a car out of the mud 把小汽车从烂泥里拽出来 * They hauled the boat up the beach. 他们把船拖上岸. =>Usage at pull2 用法见pull2. 2 [Tn] transport (sth) by lorry, etc 用卡车等运送（某物）. 3 (idm 习语) ,haul sb over the `coals (infml 口) reprimand sb severely 严厉斥责某人: * I was hauled over the coals for being late. 我因迟到而受到了严厉的训斥. 4 (phr v) haul sb up (before sb) (infml 口) bring sb to be tried or reprimanded 把某人带上来审问或训斥: * He was hauled up before the local magistrates for disorderly conduct. 他因妨害治安被送交地方法官究办. 派生： haul n 1 act of hauling 拖; 拉; 运送. 2 (usu sing 通常作单数) distance to be travelled 移动的距离: short/medium/long haul aircraft 短程[中程/远程]运输飞机 * Our camp is only a short haul from here. 我们的营地近在咫尺. 3 (a) quantity of fish caught in a net at one time 一网的捕鱼量: The fishermen had a good haul. 渔民捕得满满一网鱼. (b) (fig 比喻) amount gained by effort 经努力获得的数量: The thief got away with a huge haul. 那个贼偷走了大量财物. 4 (idm 习语) a long haul => long1.

haulage
[5hC:lidV; 5hClidV] n [U] 1 transport of goods 货运: * the road haulage industry, ie the business of transporting goods by road in lorries, etc 公路货运业 * a haulage contractor 货物承运者. 2 money charged for this 货物运费: * How much is haulage? 运费是多少?

haulier
[5hC:liE(r); 5hCljl] n (Brit) (US hauler) person or firm whose trade is transporting goods by road 公路运输业者; 公路运输行.

haunch
[hC:ntF; hCntF] n 1 (usu pl 通常作复数) (in man and animals) fleshy part of the buttock and thigh （人和动物）臀部和腿部多肉的部分: * The dog was sitting on its haunches. 那狗蹲着. 2 leg and loin of deer, etc as food （鹿等供食用的）腰腿肉: * a haunch of venison 鹿的腰腿肉.

haunt
[hC:nt; hCnt] v [Tn] 1 (of ghosts) visit (a place) regularly （指鬼魂）常出没於（某处）: * a haunted house 经常闹鬼的房子 * A spirit haunts the castle. 那座城堡中常有幽灵出现. 2 be in (a place) very often 常到（某处）: * This is one of the cafes I used to haunt. 这是我以前常去的一家咖啡馆. 3 return repeatedly to the mind of (sb) 经常浮现於（某人）脑际: * a haunting melody 萦绕心头的曲调 * a wrongdoer haunted by fear of discovery 经常提心吊胆怕被人发现的作恶者 * The memory still haunts me. 那回忆仍然萦回在我的脑际. 派生： haunt n (often pl 常作复数) place visited frequently by the person or people named （某某人）常去之处: This pub is a favourite haunt of artists. 这家小酒店是艺术家们喜欢光顾的地方. * revisit the haunts of one's youth, ie the places where one spent one's time then 重游年轻时的旧地.

haute couture
[7Eut ku:'tjuE(r); 7ot ku'tur] (French 法) leading companies making fashionable clothes, or their products; high fashion 最具有影响力的时装制作公司; 此类公司制作的时装; 高级时装式样.

hauteur
[Eu'tE:(r); o'tE] n [U] (fml 文) haughtiness 傲慢; 自大.

Havana
[hE'vAnE; hE'vAnE] n cigar made in Cuba 哈瓦那雪茄（产於古巴）.

have
1[hEv; hEv; strong form 强读式 hAv; hAv] 见词条使用详细说明6.2、6.3. aux v =>Usage at have3 用法见have3; (used with the past participle to form perfect tenses 与过去分词连用构成完成时态): * I've finished my work. 我已经做完工作了. * He's gone home, hasn't he? 他已经回家去了, 是吗? * Have you seen it? Yes I have/No I haven't. 你看见了吗? 看见了[没看见]. * He'll have had the results by then. 他到时候会有结果的. * She may not have told him yet. 她可能还没有告诉他. * Had they left before you got there? 你到达那里时他们已经离开了吗? * She'd fallen asleep by that time, hadn't she? 那时她早已睡着了, 是吗? * If I hadn't seen it with my own eyes I wouldn't have believed it. 我要不是亲眼看见, 还可能不相信呢. * Had I known that (ie If I had known that), I would never have come. 我要是早知道, 我绝对不来.

have to
[5hAv tE, 'hf tE; 5hAf tE] modal v (3rd pers sing pres t) has to[5hAz tE, 'hAs tE; 5hAs tE] , pt had to/ 5hAd tE, also 5hAt tE;`hAd tE/) (negative sentences and questions usu formed with do 构成否定和疑问句时通常须加do) 1 (indicating obligation 表示义务或责任): * I have to type letters and answer the phone. 我又得用打字机打信, 又得接电话. * He has to pass an examination before he can start work. 他须考试及格, 才能开始工作. * (fml 文) Have we to make our own way to the conference? 我们必须亲自到那里去开会吗? * You don't have to knock just walk in. 你不必敲门--进来就是了. * They don't have to have finished the work before I arrive. 他们无须在我到达之前完成此项工作. * Does she have to stay at home every night? 她每天晚上都得待在家里吗? * Did you have to pay a fine? 你必须交付罚金吗? =>Usage 1 at must 见must所附用法第1项. 2 (indicating advice or recommendation 表示劝告或建议): * You simply have to get a new job. 你只须找个新工作. =>Usage 2 at must 见must所附用法第2项. 3 (drawing a logical conclusion 得出合乎逻辑的结论): * There has to be a solution. 一定会有解决的办法. * This has to be part of the original manuscript. 这一定是原稿的一部分. =>Usage 3 at must 见must所附用法第3项.4 (idm 习语) have/has got to (Brit infml 口) (a) (indicating obligation 表示义务或责任): * I've got to go to work by bus tomorrow. 我明天得坐公共汽车去上班. * Why have you got to take these tablets? 你为什麽要吃这些药片? * You haven't got to take flowers but many people do. 你不必非带花去不可, 但是许多人都带着花去. =>Usage 1 at must must所附用法第1项. (b) (indicating advice or recommendation 表示劝告或建议): * You've got to try this new recipe it's delicious. 你应该试试这种新烹饪法--味道好极了. =>Usage 2 at must must所附用法第2项.

haven
[5heivn; 5hevEn] n 1 place of safety or rest; refuge 安全的地方; 憩息处; 避难所: * Terrorists will not find a safe haven here. 恐怖分子在这里将找不到安身之处. 2 (dated 旧) harbour 港.

haver
[5heivE; 5hevl] v [I] 1 keep changing one's mind; hesitate 犹豫; 迟疑. 2 (esp Scot 尤用於苏格兰) talk foolishly 说胡话.

haversack
[5hvEsAk; 5hAvl7sAk] n strong (usu canvas) bag carried on the back or over the shoulder 背包（通常为帆布的）. Cf 参看 rucksack.

havoc
[5hAvEk; 5hAvEk] n [U] 1 widespread damage; great destruction （大范围的）破坏; （巨大的）毁坏: * The floods created havoc. 洪水造成了巨大的灾害. 2 (idm 习语) make havoc of sth; play/wreak havoc with sth damage or upset sth 破坏或扰乱某事物: * The bad weather played havoc with our plans. 天气恶劣把我们的计画打乱了.

haw
1[hC:; hC] n red berry of the hawthorn bush 山楂果.

hawk
1[hC:k; hCk] n 1 strong swift bird of prey withsharp eyesight 鹰; 隼. 2 (politics 政) person who favours aggressive policies in foreign affairs ‘鹰派’人物（对外事务上持强硬路线者）. Cf 参看 dove1 2. 派生： hawkish adj (politics 政) favouring aggressive policies rather than negotiation and compromise 坚持强硬政策的（不谈判、 不妥协的）. hawkishness n [U]. 复合： ,hawk-`eyed adj 1 having very good eyesight 目光犀利的. 2 (of a person) watching closely and carefully （指人）观察力强的.

hawser
[5hC:zE(r); 5hCzl] n thick heavy rope or thin steel cable, used for mooring or towing a ship 缆索, 钢丝绳（系船或拖船用的）.

hawthorn
[5hC:WC:n; 5hC7WCrn] n thorny shrub or tree with white, red or pink blossom and small dark red berries 山楂树: * [attrib 作定语] a hawthorn hedge 山楂树篱.

hay
[hei; he] n [U] 1 grass cut and dried for use as animal food （用作饲料的）乾草: * make hay, ie turn it over to be dried by the sun 制乾草（进行翻晒）. 2 (idm 习语) hit the hay/sack => hit1. make hay of sb/sth destroy sb/sth; throw sb/sth into confusion 搞垮某人[某事物]; 使某人[某事物]陷於混乱: * She made hay of my argument. 她把我的论点搅得乱七八糟. make hay while the `sun shines (saying 谚) make good use of opportunities, favourable conditions, etc while they last 善於利用时机、 有利条件等. 复合： `hay fever allergic illness affecting the nose and throat, caused by pollen or dust 枯草热（由花粉或尘埃引起鼻部和咽喉发炎的变态反应症）. `hay-fork n two-pronged fork for turning or lifting hay （有两个长齿的）乾草叉. `haymaking n [U] cutting grass and spreading it to dry 制乾草（割草并翻晒）. `hay-maker n 1 person or machine employed in making hay 制乾草的工人或机器. 2 (infml 口 esp US) powerful swinging blow with the fist 挥拳猛击. `haystack (also `hayrick) n 1 large pile of hay firmly packed for storing, with a pointed or ridged top （捆扎妥当便於贮存的）大乾草垛（顶端呈尖形或脊形）. 2 (idm 习语) a needle in a haystack => needle.

haywire
[5heiwaiE(r); 5he7wair] adj (idm 习语) be/go haywire (infml 口) be/become disorganized or out of control 乱糟糟的; 失去控制的: * Since I dropped it on the floor my watch has gone completely haywire. 我的表掉在地板上以後, 就完全乱了套.

hazard
[5hAzEd; 5hAzld] n 1 ~ (to sb/sth) (thing that can cause) danger; risk 危险; 有危险的事物; 风险: * Smoking is a serious health hazard. 吸烟严重危及健康. * Wet roads are a hazard to drivers. 道路湿滑会对司机构成危险. 2 obstacle on a golf-course （高尔夫球场上的）障碍物. 派生： hazard v [Tn] 1 expose (sth) to danger; risk 使（某事物）遭受危险; 使...冒风险: Rock-climbers are hazarding their lives. 岩石上的攀登者在冒生命的危险. 2 venture to make (sth); suggest tentatively 冒险做出（某事物）; 试探性地提出: I don't know where he is but I could hazard a guess. 我不知道他在那里, 但我可以猜猜看. hazardous adj dangerous; risky 危险的; 冒险的: hazardous work, conditions 危险的工作、 情况 * The journey was hazardous. 旅途十分艰险. hazardously adv.

haze
1[heiz; hez] n [C, U] 1 thin mist 薄雾; 霾. =>Usage at fog 用法见fog. 2 (fig 比喻) mental confusion or uncertainty 迷糊; 疑惑: * I/My mind was in a complete haze. 我完全糊涂了. 派生： haze v (phr v) haze over (a) become covered with a thin mist 为薄雾所笼罩. (b) lose focus; become dreamy 变模糊; 变朦胧: His eyes hazed over when he thought of her. 他想起她来时, 眼前一片模糊.

hazel
[5heizl; 5hezl] n bush or small tree with small edible nuts 榛树（灌木, 结小的坚果, 可食）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page i. 派生： hazel adj (esp of eyes) reddish or light yellowish brown （尤指眼睛）红褐色的, 浅黄褐色的. 复合： `hazel-nut n edible nut of the hazel 榛子（可食）. =>illus at nut 见nut插图.

hazy
[5heizi; 5hezi] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 misty 有薄雾的: * We couldn't see far because it was so hazy. 雾气蒙蒙妨碍了我们的视线. 2 not clear; vague 模糊的; 朦胧的: * hazy memories 模糊不清的记忆. 3 (of a person) rather confused; uncertain （指人）困惑的, 没有把握的: * I'm a bit hazy about what to do next. 我不太清楚下一步该做什麽. > hazily adv: * remember sth hazily 隐隐约约地想起某事物. haziness n [U].

HB
[7eitF 'bi:; 7etF 'bi] abbr 缩写 = (of lead used in pencils) hard black (ie medium hard) （指铅笔芯）硬黑（即硬度适中）: * an HB pencil 一支HB的铅笔. Cf 参看 B, H.

he
[hi:; hi] 6.2. pers pron 人称代词 (used as the subject of a v 用作动词的主体) 1 male person or animal mentioned earlier or being observed now 他; （指雄性动物）它: * `Where's your brother?’ `He's in Paris.’ ‘你哥哥在哪里?’‘他在巴黎.’ * Look! He (ie The man we are watching) is climbing the fence. 瞧啊! 他（我们看见的那个人）在爬栅栏. 2 (male or female) person （男性或女性）人: * (fml 文) If a member wishes to bring a guest into the club, he must sign the visitors' book. 会员欲携宾客前来俱乐部者, 须在来宾簿上登记. * (saying 谚) He who (ie Anyone who) hesitates is lost. 优柔寡断者必然有失（当断不断, 必受其乱）. Cf 参看 him. 派生： he n [sing] male animal 雄性动物: What a sweet puppy! Is it a he or a she? 多可爱的小狗哇! 是公的还是母的? he- (forming compound ns 用以构成复合名词) male 雄性: a `he-goat. 复合： `he-man[-mAn; -mAn] n (pl -men[-men; -men] ) strong virile man 男子汉. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Frequently, he, him and his are used to refer to a member of a group which includes both males and females *he、 him、 his经常用以指称有男有女的人群中的一人: Everybody knows what he wants. 人人都知道自己想要的是什麽. * A good teacher always prepares his lessons well. 好的教师每次备课都很充分. Many people think that this discriminates against women and the use of he or she, him or her, etc is becoming more common. 许多人认为这种用法是对女性的歧视, 而逐渐多用he or she、 him or her等表达. In writing, he/she, s/he or (s)he can be used 书面上可写作he/she、 s/he或(s)he: Everybody knows what's best for him or herself. 人人都知道对自己最有利的是什麽. * If in doubt, ask your doctor. He/She can give you further information. 你若有疑问, 可以问问医生. 他（们）会向你作进一步的说明. * When a baby cries, it means that s/he is tired, hungry or just unhappy. 幼儿哭叫, 就是他困了、 饿了或是不高兴了. In informal language they, them, or their can be used 在口语中可使用they、 them或their: Everybody knows what they want. 人人都知道自己想要的是什麽. Alternatively, the sentence can be rephrased, using a plural noun 变通一下说法, 可以改变句子的措辞, 使用复数名词: Babies cry when they are tired. 幼儿困了就哭. Note that, to save space in this dictionary, we use he/him/his when referring to `sb' (somebody) in definitions, although the person may be either female or male. 注意: 本词典为节省篇幅, 释义中凡涉及‘sb’（somebody）时, 均使用he/him/his, 其所指可为男性或女性. This is usually made clear by the examples which follow such definitions. 在这类释义之後, 通常备有例证以分清性别.

he'd
[hi:d; hid] 见词条使用详细说明6.3. contracted form 缩约式 1 he had => have. 2 he would => will1, would2.

he'll
[hi:l; hil] contracted form 缩约式 he will => will1.

he's
[hi:z; hiz] 见词条使用详细说明 6.3. contracted form 缩约式 1 he is => be. 2 he has => have.

head
1[hed; hed] n 1 (a) [C] part of the body containing the eyes, nose, mouth and brain 头; 头部: * He fell and hit his head. 他摔着了脑袋. * The ball hit her on the head. 那球打在她头上了. * My head aches. 我头痛. =>illus 见插图. (b) a head [sing] this as a measure of length 一个头部之长度（量度单位）: * The Queen's horse won by a head. 女王的马以一马头之距领先获胜. * Tom is taller than John by a head. 汤姆比约翰高一个头. 2 [C] (infml 口) headache 头痛: * I've got a terrible head this morning. 我今早头痛得厉害. 3 [C] ability to reason; intellect; imagination; mind 理解力; 智力; 想像力; 头脑: * Use your head, ie Think. 动动脑筋. * The thought never entered my head. 我从来没有过这种想法. 4 [sing] mental ability or natural talent as specified 某方面的才智或天资: * have a good head for business, figures, etc 很有经商、 计算等的天才 * have no head for heights, ie feel giddy and frightened in high places, eg on top of a cliff 登高（如身临悬崖之上）会头晕和胆怯. 5 heads [sing v] side of a coin with the head of a person on it 漫面（硬币有人头像的一面）: * We tossed a coin (eg to decide sth by chance) and it came down heads. 我们把硬币一掷（如以此法决定某事）, 落下後是漫面朝上. Cf 参看 tails (tail 6). 6 (a) a head [sing] individual person 一人: * dinner at 15 a head 每人15英镑的饭菜. (b) [pl v] individual animal in a herd or flock （禽兽群中的）头, 只: * 50 head of cattle 50头牛. 7 [C] thing like a head in form or position, eg the flattened end of a pin etc, the striking or cutting part of a tool, the mass of leaves or flowers at the top of a stem 形状或位置似头之物（如大头针等之平端、 工具之打击或切割部分、 植物茎梗顶部之叶或花）: * the head of a nail, hammer, axe, etc 钉子、 锤子、 斧子等的头 * cut off the dead heads (of the roses) 把枯萎了的（玫瑰）花从茎梗上割掉

head1
* a cabbage-head 一棵洋白菜. 8 [C] foam on the top of poured beer, etc （倒出的啤酒等上面的）泡沫. 9 [C] device on a tape-recorder that touches the moving magnetic tape and converts the electrical signals into sound （录音机的）磁头. 10 [C] top part of a boil or swelling on the skin 疖子或皮肤上的脓肿的隆起部分: * The pimple came to a head before bursting. 丘疹长成脓包後才破裂. 11 [C usu sing 通常作单数] top or highest part 上端; 顶端: * the title at the head of the page 该页上端的标题 * stand at the head of the stairs 站在台阶的顶部 * at the head of the poll, ie having received most votes in an election 获得最多的选票. 12 [C] more important or prominent end 较重要或较突出的一端: * My father took his place at the head of the table. 我父亲坐在上首. * Place the pillows at the head of the bed. 把枕头放置在床头. * the head of the lake, ie where a river enters it 湖的源头（河水流入该湖之处）. 13 [sing] (a) leading part in a procession or army; front （行列或军队的）领头部分, 前列: * be at the head of a queue 位居排头 * march at the head of the regiment 在团队的前排行进. (b) (fig 比喻) chief position 领导地位: * be at the head of one's profession 在本专业中居领先地位. 14 [C] (a) chief person of a group or organization, etc 某集体或组织等的领导人: * the head of the family 家长 * a meeting of the heads of government 政府首脑会议 * a gathering of the crowned heads (ie kings or queens) of Europe 欧洲各国国王的聚会 * [attrib 作定语] head waiter 服务员的领班 * head office, ie chief place of a business 总公司. (b) (also Head) chief person in a school or college; headmasteror headmistress （中小学或学院的）领导人, 校长: * Report to the Head immediately! 马上报告校长! 15 [C usu sing 通常作单数] (a) mass of water kept at a certain height

head2
(eg for a water-mill or a hydro-electric power station) （保持一定高度的）水头（如用作水磨或水电站之动力的）; 水的落差; 水压. (b) confined body of steam for exerting pressure 蒸气压力: * They kept up a good head of steam. 他们把蒸气压力保持在所需的水平上. 16 [C usu sing 通常作单数] (in place names) promontory; cape （用於地名）岬, 海角: * Beachy Head 比奇角. 17 [C] main division in a lecture, an essay, etc; heading （演讲、 文章等的）主要部分, 标题: * a speech arranged under five heads 分为五个部分的讲话. 18 (idm 习语) above/over one's `head too difficult to understand 难以理解: * The lecture was/went way above my head. 这演讲太深奥, 我理解不了. bang, etc one's head against a brick `wall (infml 口) continue vainly trying to achieve sth in spite of several unsuccessful attempts 以头撞墙（尽管屡次失败, 仍然枉费心机地试图做成某事）; 徒劳 无益. be/stand head and `shoulders above sb/sth be very much better, cleverer, etc than (others) 比（他人）好、 聪明...得多; 鹤立鸡群. bite sb's head off => bite1. bother one's head/oneself about sth => bother. bring sth/come to a `head bring sth to/reach a climax 使某事物达到顶点: * The atmosphere in the office had been tense for some time but this latest dismissal brought matters to a head. 办事处的气氛已紧张一段时日, 而最近解雇员工一事使事态的发展达到了顶点. bury one's head in the sand => bury. by a short head => short1. drive sth into sb's head => drive1. drum sth into sb/sb's head => drum2. from ,head to `foot/`toe over the whole length of one's body 从头到脚; 全身: * The children were covered in mud from head to toe. 孩子们全身沾满了污泥. Cf 参看 from top to toe (top1). get it into one's head that... understand fully...; realize... 充分了解到...; 认识到...: * I wish he'd get it into his head that exams are important. 但愿他能认识到考试是至关重要的. give sb his `head let sb move or act freely 让某人随意而为. go to one's `head (a) (of alcoholic drink) make one dizzy or slightly drunk （指酒）上头, 使人有醉意:

head3
* The whisky went straight to my head. 威士忌酒喝得我晕头转向. (b) (of success) make one conceited or too confident （指成功）使人自负或过於自信: * All that praise has really gone to her head. 那些赞扬的确冲昏了她的头脑. harm, etc a hair of sb's head => hair. have eyes in the back of one's head => eye1. have a good, etc head of `hair have a full, etc covering of hair on the head 有一头浓密等的头发. have a good `head on one's shoulders have practical ability, common sense, etc 有实际才能、 常识等. have one's head in the `clouds have one's thoughts far away; be day-dreaming 想入非非; 做白日梦. have one's `head screwed on (the right way) (infml 口) be sensible 头脑清醒. have a level head => level1. have a swollen head => swell. have, etc a thick head => thick. head `first (a) (plunging, etc) with one's head before the rest of one's body （跳水等）头在前的: * She fell head first down the stairs. 她摔倒了, 一头栽下楼梯. (b) with too much haste; rashly 仓促地; 轻率地. head over `heels (a) rolling the body over in a forward direction 向前翻跟斗. (b) completely 完全地: * She's head over heels in `love (with him). 她深深地爱上了（他）. ,heads I `win, ,tails you `lose (saying 谚) I win whatever happens 正面我赢, 反面你输（反正都是我赢; 我赢定了）. heads or `tails? said when spinning a coin to decide sth by chance 要正面还是反面? （旋转钱币决定某事物时说的）. `heads will roll (for sth) some people will be punished (because of sth) 有些人（因某事）要倒霉. heap coals of fire on sb's head => heap v. hit the nail on the head => hit1. hold one's `head high show pride in one's achievements, worth, ability, etc; not feel ashamed 为自己的成就、 价值、 才干等而骄傲; 无愧於人. hold a pistol to sb's head => pistol. in one's `head in one's memory (not in writing) 在记忆中（而不是写下的）:

head4
* How do you keep all those telephone numbers in your head? 你是怎样把那些电话号码都记住的? keep one's `head remain calm in a crisis （在危机中）保持镇定. keep one's head above water stay out of debt, difficulty, etc 未举债、 未陷入困境等: * I'm managing to keep my head above water, though I'm not earning much. 我尽管收入不多, 却能设法不欠债. keep one's `head down avoid danger or distraction 避免危险; 防止分心. knock sb's block/head off => knock2. knock your/their heads together => knock2. laugh, scream, etc one's `head off (infml 口) laugh, scream, etc loudly 大笑、 大叫等. like a bear with a sore head => bear1. lose one's `head => lose. make head or `tail of sth understand sth 理解某事物: * I can't make head (n)or tail of these instructions. 我对这说明书摸不着头脑. need, etc (to have) one's `head examined (infml 口) show oneself to be stupid or crazy 需要检查一下脑子; 冒傻气: * He swims in the sea in winter he ought to have his head examined! 他冬天在海里游泳--真是冒傻气! not right in the/one's head => right1. off one's `head (infml 口) crazy; very foolish 精神错乱的; 愚不可及的: * He's (gone) off his head! 他发疯了! off the top of one's head => top1. an old head on young shoulders => old. on sb's/one's (own) head be itsb/one will be responsible for any unpleasant consequences某人[自己]将承担一切後果: * You wanted to try this new route, not me, so on your head be it. 是你要试一试这条新路线的, 与我无关, 所以该由你负责. ,over sb's `head to a position of authority higher than sb （升）至比某人高的职位; 超越某人: * I couldn't help feeling jealous when she was promoted over my head. 她获提升後职位比我高, 我压抑不住忌妒的心情. * When her boss refused to listen to her she went over his head to the managing director. 领班拒不听取她的意见, 她就越过他去找总经理.

header
[5hedE(r); 5hedl] n 1 (infml 口) dive or fall (esp into water) with the head first 头部向下跳水或跌落（尤指入水）: * take a header into the swimming-pool 头先入水跳入游泳池. 2 (in football) act of hitting the ball with the head （足球运动中）用头顶球.

heading
[5hediN; 5hediN] n word or words put at the top of a page, section of a book, etc as a title （书籍等篇页、 章节上端的）标题.

headstrong
[5hedstrCN; - -strC:N; 5hed7strCN] adj obstinately determined to do things in one's own way without listening to others; self-willed 刚愎自用的; 固执任性的.

heady
[5hedi; 5hedi] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 (a) (of alcoholic drinks) likely to make people drunk quickly; potent （指酒精饮料）易使人醉的, 烈性的: * a heady wine 易使人醉的酒. (b) having a quick effect on the senses; very exciting 迅速作用於感官的; 兴奋的: * a heady perfume 气味扑鼻的香水 * the heady days of one's youth 年轻时使人陶醉的日子. 2 (a) (of a person) excited and acting rashly （指人）激动得忘乎所以的: * be heady with success 因成功而得意忘形. (b) (of an action) done impulsively or rashly （指行为）一时冲动的, 鲁莽冒失的.

heal
[hi:l; hil] v 1 [I, Ip, Tn] ~ (over/up) (cause sth to) become healthy again （使某物）康复: * The wound healed slowly. 伤口愈合得很慢. * The cut soon healed over/up, but it left a scar. 伤口不久就愈合了, 但却留下了伤疤. * the healing powers of sleep 睡眠的治疗作用 * The wound is not yet healed, ie has not yet been covered by new skin. 伤口尚未愈合（尚未长出新皮）. 2 (a) [Tn] cause (sth) to end; make easier to bear 使（某事物）完结; 使好受一些: * heal a quarrel 平息一场争吵 * Time heals all sorrows. 时间可化解一切忧伤. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (of sth) (arch 古) restore sb to health; cure sb (of a disease) 使某人康复; 治愈某人（的疾病）: * The holy man healed them of their sickness. 那位神职人员治好了他们的疾病. 派生： healer n person or thing that heals 进行治疗的人或物: Time is a great healer. 时间就是良药.

health
[helW; helW] n [U] 1 condition of a person's body or mind 人的身体或精神状况; 健康状况: * have poor health 身体不好 * be in/enjoy the best of health 身体非常好 * Exercise is good for the health. 锻炼身体有益於健康. * Your (very) good health! eg said when drinking a toast to sb 祝你健康! （如向某人敬酒时之用语） * [attrib 作定语] health insurance/care 健康保险[保健] * He retired early for health reasons. 他由於健康上的原因而提前退休. 2 state of being well and free from illness 健康: * be restored to health 恢复健康 * be bursting with health and vitality 身体健康、 精神抖擞. 3 (idm 习语) a clean bill of health => clean1. drink sb's health; drink a health to sb => drink2. in rude health => rude. propose a toast/sb's health => propose. 派生： healthful[5helWfl; 5helWfEl] adj (fml 文) good for the health 有益於健康的. 复合： `health centre (Brit) headquarters of a group of local medical services 地方医疗服务中心; 卫生院. `health farm place where people go in order to try to improve their health by dieting, exercising, etc 健身场. `health food (often pl 常作复数) natural food, usu free of artificial substances, that is thought to be especially good for the health 保健食品（天然的、 通常不加人造物质的食物）: [attrib 作定语] a health food restaurant, shop, etc 供应保健食品的餐馆、 商店等. `health service public service providing medical care 公共医疗卫生服务. `health visitor (Brit) nurse who visits sick or old people at their homes （上门访视病人或老年人的）护理人员.

healthy
[5helWi; 5helWi] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 having good health; well and able to resist disease 健康的; 强健的: * a healthy child, animal, tree 健康的孩子、 健壮的动物、 茁壮的树木 * (fig 比喻) a healthy bank balance 相当多的银行存款馀额. 2 likely to produce good health 可能对健康有益的: * a healthy climate, lifestyle, environment 宜於健康的气候、 生活方式、 环境. 3 indicating good health 显示健康的: * have a healthy appetite 胃口好. 4 natural and beneficial 自然产生并有益处的: * The child showed a healthy curiosity. 那孩子有好奇心, 这是好现象. * She has a healthy respect for her rival's talents. 她有雅量, 能钦佩对手的才能. > healthily adv. healthiness n [U] NOTE ON USAGE 用法: 1 Healthy and fit both indicate that a person is physically strong and rarely suffers from any physical illness. *healthy和fit这两个词均表示人身体强健, 很少生病. Healthy also refers to the conditions which are good for somebody's health, or the outward signs of somebody having good health *healthy亦指有益於健康的条件, 或健康人的外部徵象: They have very healthy children. 他们的孩子都很健康. * This damp climate isn't very healthy. 这种潮湿的气候对健康不太有利. * She has a healthy appetite. 她胃口很好. 2 Fit suggests that someone is in good physicalcondition particularly as a result of taking regular exercise*fit指人的身体状况良好, 尤因经常锻炼所致: `How do you stay so fit?’ `I go to keep-fit classes.’ ‘你是怎样保持健康的?’‘我经常上健身课.’ 3 Well generally refers to somebody's health on a particular occasion. *well一般指人在特定场合下身体良好. It is used in answer to inquiries about health 这个词常用以回答有关健康的询问: He's been quite ill. I hope he gets well soon. 他病得很厉害, 但愿他不久能好. * I think I'll go to bed. I don't feel at all well. 我要睡觉去了. 我感到很不舒服.

healthy1
* `How are you?’ `Very well, thank you.’ ‘你好吗?’‘很好, 谢谢你的问候.’

heap
[hi:p; hip] n 1 number of things or mass of material lying piled up 堆: * a heap of books, sand, rubbish 一堆书、 沙、 垃圾 * clothes left in heaps on the ground 丢弃在地上的一堆堆的衣服 * The building was reduced to a heap of rubble. 那建 物已成了一片瓦砾. * (fig 比喻) She collapsed on the floor in a heap. 她蜷作一团瘫倒在地上. 2 heaps [pl] ~ (of sth) (infml 口) great number or amount; plenty 大量; 许多: * We have heaps of time. 我们有很多时间. * She's been there heaps of times. 她去过那里许多次了. * I've got heaps to tell you. 我有很多话要跟你说. 3 (infml joc 口, 谑) motor car that is old and in poor condition 破旧的汽车. 4 (idm 习语) heaps better, more, older, etc (infml 口) much better, etc 好、 多、 旧...得多: * Do have a second helping there's heaps more. 再吃一些吧--东西多着呢. 派生： heap v 1 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) put (things) in a pile 堆积（物品）: heap (up) stones to form a dam 把石头堆成一道堤坝 * (fig 比喻) heap up riches 积聚财富 * a heaped spoonful of flour 满满的一匙面粉. 2 [Tn.pr] ~ sth on sb/sth; ~ sb/sth with sth load or place sth in a pile on sb/sth 在某物中装满某物; 给予某人大量的某事物: heap food on one's plate/heap one's plate with food 在盘中盛满食物 * (fig 比喻) heap praises, insults, etc on sb 对某人大加赞扬、 侮辱等. 3 (idm 习语) heap coals of `fire on sb's head make sb feel remorse for treating one badly by treating him well in return 对某人以德报怨而使之愧悔.

hear
[hiE(r); hir] v (pt, pp heard/hE:d; hEd] ) 1 [I, Tn, Tng, Tni] perceive (sounds) with the ears 听见（声音）: * She doesn't/can't hear very well, ie is rather deaf. 她听觉不灵. * We listened but could hear nothing. 我们留心听, 却什麽也没有听见. * Have you ever heard that song sung in Italian? 你听过用意大利语唱的那首歌曲吗? * I heard someone laughing. 我听见有人笑. * Did you hear him go out? 你听见他走出去了吗? * He was heard to groan. 有人听见他在呻吟. 2 [Tn, Tw] listen or pay attention to (sb/sth) 听, 聆听, 谛听, 倾听（某人的声音[某事物]）: * You're not to go do you hear me! 你不要走--听我的话! * We'd better hear what they have to say. 我们还是听听他们要说些什麽吧. =>Usage at feel1 用法见feel1. 3 [Tn] listen to and try (a case) in a lawcourt 审理（案件）: * The court heard the evidence. 法庭听取了证词. * Which judge will hear the case? 哪位法官（将）审理这案件? 4 [I, Tn, Tf] be told or informed about (sth) 听说或得知（某事物）: * You sing very well, I hear. 听说你唱得好极了. * Have you heard the news? 你听到那消息了吗? * I heard (that) he was ill. 我听说他病了. * I've heard (say) that it's a good film. 听说那是部好影片. 5 [Tn] grant (a prayer) 答允（所祈求的事物）. 6 (idm 习语) ,hear! `hear! (used to express agreement and approval 用以表示同意和赞成). hear/see the last of sb/sth => last1. hear a `pin drop hear the slightest noise 听得见最细小的声音: * The audience was so quiet you could have heard a pin drop. 观众静得连别针落地的声音也能听见. hear tell of sth hear people talking about sth 听人说起某事物: * I've often heard tell of such things. 我时常听人说起这类事情. listen to/hear reason => reason. make one's voice heard => voice. not/never hear the end of sth not be finished with sth as the subject of discussion or matter that affects one （议论到的或涉及自身的某事物）未结束:

hear1
* If we don't give her what she wants we'll never hear the end of it. 我们若不满足她的要求, 这事就没完没了了. 7 (phr v) hear about sth be given information about sth 听到关於某事物的消息: * I've only just heard about his dismissal. 我刚听到他遭解雇的事. * You will hear about this (ie will receive a formal rebuke about it) later. 这件事你就等瞧吧（要受到严厉斥责）. hear from sb receive a letter, telephone call, etc from sb 接到某人的来信、 电话等: * How often do you hear from your sister? 你多长时间接到你姐姐一次信? hear of sb/sth be told about or have knowledge of sb/sth 听到或知道某人[某事物]的情况: * I've never heard of the place. 我从未听说过那个地方. * She disappeared and was never heard of again. 她不知去向了, 再未听到她的消息. not `hear of sth (usu with will or would 通常与will或would连用) refuse to allow sth 不允许某事: * He wouldn't hear of my walking home alone. 他不许我单独一人走回家. * I can't let you pay my debts I won't hear of such a thing. 我不能让你替我还债--我不同意此事. hear sb out listen until sb has finished saying what he wants to say 把某人要讲的话听完: * I know you don't believe me but please hear me out! 我知道你不信我的话, 但是请听我把话说完! 派生： hearer[5hiErE(r); 5hirl] n person who hears sth, esp a member of an audience 听者; （尤指）一名听众或观众.

hearing
[5hiEriN; 5hiriN] n 1 [U] ability to hear; sense(1) with which sound is perceived 听力; 听觉: * Her hearing is poor, ie She is rather deaf. 她的听觉不灵（她耳朵有点背）. 2 [U] distance within which one can hear 听力可以达到的距离: * He said so in my hearing, ie in my presence so that I could hear. 他当着我的面说的这番话. * Please keep within hearing (distance), ie stay near enough to hear. 请保持在听得见的距离内. 3 [C] (a) opportunity to be heard 说话或申辩的机会: * be given a fair hearing 获得公平的申辩机会 * I never gained a hearing, ie Nobody was willing to listen to me. 我一直没有机会说话（谁也不愿听）. (b) trial of a case in a lawcourt, esp before a judge without a jury 开审; 审讯; （尤指无陪审团的）听讯: * The defendant's family were present at the hearing. 被告家属在审讯时旁听. 4 (idm 习语) hard of hearing => hard1. 复合： `hearing-aid n small device that amplifies sound and helps a deaf person to hear 助听器: have/wear a hearing-aid 有[戴]助听器.

hearken
[5ha:kEn; 5harkEn] v [I, Ipr] ~ (to sb/sth) (arch 古) listen 聆听; 谛听; 倾听.

hearsay
[5hiEsei; 5hir7se] n [U] things one has heard another person or other people say, which may or may not be true; rumour 道听途说; 谣言: * You shouldn't believe that it's just hearsay. 你不该相信那话--那 不过是道听途说罢了. * [attrib 作定语] hearsay evidence 传闻证据.

hearse
[hE:s; hEs] n vehicle for carrying a coffin at a funeral 灵车; 柩车.

heart
[ha:t; hart] n 1 [C] (a) hollow muscular organ that pumps blood through the body 心; 心脏: * His heart stopped beating and he died soon afterwards. 他心脏停止了跳动, 随即死亡. * [attrib 作定语] have heart trouble/disease 患心脏病 * a heart hospital 心脏专科医院. =>illus at respire 见respire插图. (b) part of the body where this is 心脏的部位: * He pressed her hand against his heart. 他把她的一只手按在自己胸部心脏的地方. 2 [C] centre of a person's thoughts and emotions, esp of love; ability to feel emotion 内心; 衷心; 心灵; 心肠; （尤指）爱心: * I have everything my heart desires. 我心满意足. * She knew it in her heart. 她心里明白. * He has a kind heart. 他心肠好. * The princess captured the hearts of the nation. 那位公主赢得了全体国民的心. 3 [U] enthusiasm 热心; 热情: * I want you to put more heart into your singing. 我希望你在唱的时候多带点感情. 4 [C] (a) central, innermost or most important part of sth 某事物的中心; 核心部分; 要点; 实质: * in the heart of the forest 在森林中央 * get to the heart of the matter, subject, mystery 把握住事情、 问题、 难解事物的实质. (b) inner compact part of a cabbage, lettuce, etc （洋白菜、 莴苣等的）菜心. 5 (a) [C] thing shaped like a heart, esp a regular red shape used to represent a heart, eg to symbolize love or on a playing-card 心形物; （尤指象徵爱情的或纸牌上的）红心, 红桃. (b) hearts [sing or pl v] suit of playing-cards marked with these 一组红桃牌: * the ten of hearts 红桃十点 * Hearts is/are trumps. 红桃是王牌. =>illus at playing-card 见playing-card插图. (c) [C] playing-card of this suit 红桃牌: * play a heart 打出红桃牌. 6 [C] (used as a term of endearment 用作亲昵语) beloved person 心爱的人: * dear heart 心肝宝贝儿. 7 (idm 习语) after one's own `heart of exactly the type one likes best 正合某人心意:

heart1
* He likes good wine too he's obviously a man after my own heart. 他也喜欢好酒--真是与我臭味相投了. at `heart in one's real nature; basically 内心里; 基本上: * I'm a country girl at heart. 我实际上是个乡下姑娘. bare one's heart/soul => bare2. break sb's/one's `heart make sb/one feel very sad 使某人[自己]很伤心: * It breaks my heart to see him crying. 我见他在哭, 感到难过极了. * It broke her heart when he left. 他离开时她心都碎了. by `heart from memory 凭记性: * learn/know a poem by heart 记住[能背出]一首诗. a change of heart => change2. close/dear/near to sb's `heart of deep interest and concern to sb 使某人很感兴趣; 为某人深切关注: * This subject is very close to my heart. 这题目使我很感兴趣. cross my heart => cross2. cry one's eyes/heart out => cry1. do one's `heart good cause one to feel encouraged, cheerful, etc 使人感到鼓舞、 欢欣等: * It does my heart good to see the children enjoying themselves. 我看到孩子们玩得很高兴, 心中非常愉快. eat one's heart out => eat. find it in one's heart/oneself to do sth => find1. from the (bottom of one's) `heart sincere(ly) 衷心（的）; 真诚（的）: * This advice comes from the heart. 这个劝告是真心实意的. give one's heart to sb/sth come to love sb/sth 爱上某人[某事物]. have sth at `heart be anxious to support or defend sth 很关心某事物; 亟欲支持或维护某事物: * He has your welfare at heart, ie wants you to be happy, etc. 他非常关心你的幸福. have a `heart (infml 口) be sympathetic or kind; show mercy 发慈悲; 做好事. have the heart (to do sth) (usu in negative sentences or questions with can or could 通常在否定句或疑问句中与can或could连用) be cruel or unfeeling enough (to do sth) 忍心（做某事）: * I hadn't the heart to refuse. 我不忍心拒绝. have one's heart in one's `boots be very gloomy and depressed 极为悲观消沉. have one's heart in one's `mouth be badly frightened 非常惊恐:

heart2
* My heart was in my mouth. 我吓得要命. have one's `heart in the right place have true or kind feelings 怀有真情或善意. have one's heart set on sth = set one's heart/hopes on sth. heart and `soul enthusiastically; energetically 满腔热情地; 全力地: * devote oneself heart and soul to one's work 全心全意地致力於工作. one's heart `bleeds for sb (often ironic 常作反语) one pities or feels sorry for sb 怜悯或同情某人. one's heart goes out to sb one feels compassion for sb 同情或怜悯某人. a heart of `gold a very kind nature 非常善良的本性; 好心肠: * He sometimes seems bad-tempered but really he's got a heart of gold. 他有时显得脾气暴躁, 而实际上却心地善良. a heart of `stone a pitiless and unfeeling nature 冷酷无情的本性; 铁石心肠. one's heart is in sth one is enthusiastic about sth 热心於某事物: * I want her to take the exam again but her heart's not in it. 我想让她重考一次, 她却掉以轻心. one's heart sinks one feels disappointed 感到失望: * When I saw the pile of dirty dishes, my heart sank. 我看到那一堆肮脏的餐具时, 感到很扫兴. in good `heart in good condition or spirits 兴致勃勃（地）; 兴高采烈的. in one's ,heart (of `hearts) in one's inmost feelings 在内心深处: * He knew in his heart that he was doing the wrong thing. 他心里明白自己做的是错事. lose heart => lose. lose one's heart to sb/sth => lose. open one's heart/mind to sb => open2. search one's heart/conscience => search v. set one's heart on (having/doing) sth want sth greatly 渴望某事物. sick at heart => sick. sob one's heart out => sob. strike fear, etc into sb/sb's heart => strike2. take `heart (at sth) become encouraged or more confident 鼓足勇气; 增强信心. take sth to `heart be much affected or upset by sth 深受某事物困扰; 因某事物而烦恼: * I took your criticism very much to heart. 我听到你的批评受到很大震动. to one's heart's con`tent as much as one wishes 尽情地. wear one's heart on one's sleeve => wear2. with ,all one's `heart/one's whole `heart completely; sincerely 全心全意地; 真心实意地:

heart3
* I hope with all my heart that you succeed. 我衷心希望你成功. young at heart => young. 派生： -hearted (in compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having feelings or a nature as specified 有某种心情或天性的: kind-hearted * faint-hearted. heartless adj unkind; without pity 无情的; 残忍的. heartlessly adv. heartlessness n [U]. 复合： `heartache n [U, C] great sorrow 痛心; 悲痛. `heart attack sudden illness with irregular and violent beating of the heart 心脏病的突然发作: have/suffer a heart attack 心脏病突然发作. Cf 参看 coronary thrombosis (coronary). `heartbeat n pulsating movement of the heart or the sound it makes 心搏; 心跳声: Your heartbeat is quite normal. 你的心跳得很正常. `heart-break n [C, U] (cause of) very great unhappiness 很大的不幸; 造成很大不幸的原因: She's had her share of heart-break(s). 她也有她自己的伤心事. `heart-breaking adj. `heart-broken adj (of a person) feeling great sadness （指人）极其伤心的: He was heart-broken when she left. 她离开时他伤心已极. `heartburn n [U] burning sensation in the lower part of the chest, caused by indigestion 胃灼热, 烧心（系因消化不良所致）. `heart failure sudden failure of the heart to function properly 心力衰竭. `heartfelt adj deeply felt; sincere 衷心的; 真诚的: heartfelt sympathy/thanks 由衷的同情[感谢]. heartland[5ha:tlAnd; 5hart7lAnd] n central or mostimportant part of an area 心脏地带; 中心区域: * Germany'sindustrial heartland 德国的工业中心. ,heart-`lung machine machine that can temporarily perform the functions of the heart and lungs, esp during a surgical operation 人工心肺机（临时代替心脏和肺脏功能的机器, 尤用於外科手术时）. `heart-rending adj very distressing 使人极为悲痛的: a heart-rending sight, scream, appeal 令人心碎的情景、 尖叫、 哀诉. `heart-searching n [U] examination of one's own feelings and motives 省察; 反省: After much heart-searching they decided to separate. 他们考虑再叁之後, 决定分开.

heart4
`heartsick adj sad and dejected 沮丧的. `heart-strings n [pl] deepest feelings of love or pity 最深厚的爱或同情; 心弦: play upon sb's heart-strings, ie move him emotionally 拨动某人心弦（使其感动）. `heart-throb n (infml 口) attractive person who arouses strong feelings of love; sweetheart 迷恋的对象; 心爱的人: He's my heart-throb. 他是我的心上人. * He's a real heart-throb. 他真有魅力. ,heart-to-`heart n frank conversation about personal matters 谈心: have a heart-to-heart with sb 与某人谈心 * [attrib 作定语] a ,heart-to-heart `chat 促膝谈心. `heart-warming adj causing feelings of happiness and pleasure 令人感到幸福愉快的: a heart-warming reunion, gesture, gift 令人欣喜的团聚、 表示、 礼物.

hearten
[5ha:tn; 5hartn] v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] make (sb) feel cheerful and encouraged 使（某人）欢欣鼓舞: * We are much heartened by the latest developments. 最近的事态发展使我们受到很大的鼓舞. > heartening adj: * heartening news 振奋人心的消息. hearteningly adv.

hearth
[ha:W; harW] n 1 (a) floor of a fireplace （壁炉的）炉床: * a fire burning in the hearth 在炉床里燃烧的火. (b) area in front of this 炉前区域; 壁炉边: * slippers warming on/by the hearth 放在壁炉边烤着的拖鞋. 2 (fig 比喻) home 家: * a longing for hearth and home 渴望家庭的温暖. 复合： `hearthrug n rug laid in front of a fireplace 壁炉前的地毯.

heartily
[5ha:tili; 5hartili] adv 1 with obvious enjoyment and enthusiasm; vigorously 尽情地; 热心地; 痛快地: * laugh, sing, eat, etc heartily 开怀大笑、 纵情歌唱、 大吃特吃. 2 very; truly 极其; 确实: * be heartily glad, pleased, relieved, upset, etc 极其高兴、 愉快、 轻松、 不安等 * I'm heartily sick of this wet weather. 我非常讨厌这种潮湿的天气.

hearty
[5ha:ti; 5harti] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 [usu attrib 通常作定语] showing warm and friendly feelings; enthusiastic亲切友好的; 热诚的; 衷心的: * a hearty welcome, reception, greeting, etc 热烈的欢迎、 热情的接待、 亲切的问候 * give one's hearty approval and support to a plan 竭诚地赞同并支持一项计画. 2 (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) loud and (too) cheerful 喧闹而（过分）快活的: * a hearty person, laugh （过於）开心的人、 纵情的大笑. 3 [attrib 作定语] large 大的: * eat a hearty breakfast 吃一顿丰盛的早餐 * have a hearty appetite 胃口很好. 4 (esp of older people) strong and healthy （尤指老人）健壮的. 5 (idm 习语) hale and hearty => hale. 派生： heartiness n [U]. hearty n 1 hearty person, esp one who is fond of sport强健者; （尤指）体育爱好者. 2 (idm 习语) my hearties (dated infml 旧, 口) (used as a form of address, esp among sailors) 用作称呼语（尤於水手之间）: Heave ho, my hearties! 伙伴们, 用力呀!

heat
1[hi:t; hit] n 1 [U] (a) high temperature; hotness 高温; 热: * feel the heat of the sun's rays 感到阳光的热力 * This fire doesn't give out much heat. 这个炉子的火不旺. (b) hot weather 炎热天气: * suffer from the heat 经受炎热天气之苦 * Never go out in the heat (ie at the hottest time) of the day without a hat. 在白天最热的时候出门不能不戴帽子. 2 [U] (fig 比喻) intense feeling, esp of anger or excitement 强烈的感情; （尤指）愤怒或激动: * speak with considerable heat 颇为激动地说 * in the heat of the argument 在激烈辩论中 * This topic generates a lot of heat. 这个话题会引起群情激奋. * He tried to take the heat out of the situation, ie reduce the tension. 他竭力让局面缓和下来. 3 [C] preliminary contest, the winners of which take part in further contests or the final 预赛（获胜者可参加复赛或决赛）: * be eliminated in the first heat 在第一场预赛中被淘汰. 4 (idm 习语) be on heat; US be in heat (of female mammals) be in the time or condition of sexual excitement and ready for mating （指雌性哺乳动物）发情. in the ,heat of the `moment while (temporarily) very angry, excited, upset, etc 在（一时）盛怒、 激动、 心烦意乱等中. 复合： `heat barrier limit on the speed of aircraft, etc caused by heat resulting from air friction 热障（因摩擦生热使飞行器等受到的速度限制）. `heat rash itchy red rash caused by blockage of the sweat glands in hot weather 痱子. `heat shield device on a spacecraft that protects it against excessive heat, esp when it re-enters the earth's atmosphere 热屏蔽（宇宙飞船上的隔热层, 尤於重返地球大气层时, 可防止飞船过热受损）. `heat-stroke n [U] sudden illness caused by too much exposure to heat or sun 中暑. `heatwave n time of unusually hot weather 酷暑时期; 热浪.

heath
[hi:W; hiW] n 1 [C] area of flat uncultivated land, esp one covered with shrubs; moorland 荒地（尤指灌木丛生之处）; 荒野. 2 [C, U] small evergreen shrub that grows on a heath 石楠属常绿灌木. Cf 参看 heather.

Heath Robinson
[7hi:W 'rCbinsEn; 7hiW 'rabinsEn] (of equipment) absurdly complicated and unlikely to work （指设备）结构复杂古怪而未必中用的: * [attrib 作定语] a Heath Robinson contraption 稀奇古怪而不实用的玩意儿.

heathen
[5hi:Tn; 5hiTEn] n 1 person who does not believe in any of the world's chief religions, esp one who is neither Christian, Muslim nor Jew; pagan 不信世界上任何主要宗教的人; （尤指基督教、 伊斯兰教、 犹太教以外的）异教徒: * [attrib 作定语] heathen customs 异教徒的风俗. 2 (infml 口) wild or bad-mannered person 未开化的人; 行为不端的人: * Some young heathen has vandalized the bus shelter. 有几个坏小子故意损坏了公共汽车候车亭. 派生： heathenish[5hi:TEniF; 5hiTEniF] adj of or like heathens; barbarous 异教徒的; 似异教徒的; 野蛮的.

heather
[5heTE(r); 5heTl] n [U] low evergreen plant or shrub with small purple, pink or white bell-shaped flowers, common on moorland 帚石楠（常绿小乔木或灌木, 开紫色、 粉红色或白色的钟形小花, 常见於欧洲荒野）. Cf 参看 heath 2.

heave
[hi:v; hiv] v (pt, pp heaved or, esp in nautical use, hove/hEuv; hov] 亦作hove/hEuv; hov] , 尤作航海用语) 1 (a) [Tn.pr, Tn.p] lift or drag (sth heavy) with great effort （用力）举起, 提升, 拖动, 拉动（重物）: * We heaved the wardrobe up the stairs. 我们用力把衣柜搬上楼了. (b) [I, Ipr] ~ (at/on sth) pull (at a rope, etc) 拉（绳等）: * heave (away) at the capstan 转动绞盘 * `Heave ho!’ cried the sailors as they raised the anchor. ‘用力绞呀!’ 水手们起锚时吆喝道. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (infml 口) throw (esp sth heavy) 扔（尤指重物）: * heave a brick through a window 把砖从窗口扔过去 * heave sth overboard 把某物抛到船外. 3 [Tn] utter (sth) with effort （口中用力）发出（声音）: * heave a sigh of relief/a groan 如释重负地舒一口气[发出呻吟声]. 4 [I] rise and fall regularly （有规律地）起伏, 升降: * his heaving chest 他那起伏的胸部. 5 [I, Ip] ~ (up) be violently sick; vomit 恶心; 呕吐. 6 (idm 习语) ,heave in `sight become visible 进入视野: * A ship hove in sight. 一艘船出现了. 7 (phr v) ,heave (sth) `to (of a ship) stop; cause (a ship) to stop without anchoring or mooring （指船）停住; 使（船）停住（未下锚亦未使用系绳）: * The vessel/We hove to. 船[我们（这艘船）]停了. * We hove the vessel to. 我们把船停住了. 派生： heave n [C, U] (act of) heaving 举; 提; 拖; 拉; 扔; 起伏; 升降: with a mighty heave, ie a strong pull or throw 猛地一拉（或使劲一扔） * the steady heave of the waves 波浪不停的起伏.

heaven
[5hevn; 5hevEn] n 1 [sing] (without a or the 不用a或the) place believed to be the home of God and the angels and of good people after death 天国; 天堂: * ascend into/go to heaven 升入[进]天堂. 2 (also Heaven) [sing] God; Providence 上帝; 天帝; 神; 老天 爷: * It was the will of Heaven. 这是天意. * If that's the way he treats his friends, heaven help his enemies! 假若这就是他的待友之道, 那他的敌人可就更遭殃了! 3 [U, C] place or state of very great happiness 极乐（世界）: * She was in heaven when he kissed her. 他吻她时, 她飘飘欲仙了. * Sitting here with you is heaven. 跟你一起坐在这里, 其乐无穷. * If there's a heaven on earth, this is it! 人间若有天堂, 非此莫属! 4 the heavens [pl] the sky, as seen from the earth 天; 天空: * Rain fell from the heavens all day long. 整天都下着雨. 5 (idm 习语) for God's/goodness'/Heaven's sake => sake. God/Heaven forbid => forbid. God/Heaven help sb => help1. God in Heaven => god. God/goodness/Heaven knows => know. (Good) `Heavens!; ,Heavens a`bove! (used to express surprise 用以表示惊讶). the heavens opened it began to rain heavily 大雨倾盆. move heaven and earth => move2. seventh heaven (infml 口) state of great happiness 极乐; 欢天喜地: * Just give him a bucket and spade and he's in seventh heaven! 只要给他一个桶子和一把铲子, 他就高兴极了! smell, etc to high heaven => high1. to God/goodness/Heaven => god. 派生： heavenward[-wEd; -wld] (also heavenwards[-wEdz; -wLdz/) adv towards heaven 朝天空; 向天国. 复合： ,heaven-`sent adj happening at a most favourable time; very lucky 最合时宜的; 吉祥如意的: a ,heaven-sent oppor`tunity 天赐良机.

heavenly
[5hevnli; 5hevEnli] adj 1 [attrib 作定语] of or from heaven; divine 天国的; 来自天国的; 神的; 神圣的: * a heavenly angel, vision 天使、 天国幻景. 2 [attrib 作定语] of the sky 天上的: * heavenly bodies, ie the sun, moon, stars, etc 天体（日、 月、 星等）. 3 (infml 口) very pleasing 令人愉快的; 非常合意的: * This cake is heavenly. 这块糕饼好极了.

Heaviside layer
[7hevisaid 'leiE(r); 5hevi7said 'lel] (physics 物) part of the earth's atmosphere that reflects medium-frequency waves 亥维赛层, 海氏层, E电离层（地球大气中反射中频电波的大气层）. Cf 参看 ionosphere (ion).

heavy
[5hevi; 5hevi] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 having weight (esp great weight); difficult to lift or move 重的; 难以抬起、 举起或移动的: * How heavy is it? ie How much does it weigh? 这个东西有多重? * Lead is a heavy metal. 铅是重金属. * The box is too heavy for me to carry. 这箱子太重了, 我搬不动. 2 (a) of more than the usual size, amount, force, etc 超出一般规模、 数量、 力量等的: * heavy guns, artillery, ie of the largest type 重炮 * a heavy (ie abundant) crop 丰收 * Traffic on the roads is heaviest at weekends. 周末的交通最为繁忙. * Fighting was heavy. 战斗很激烈. * suffer heavy casualties/losses 遭受重大伤亡[损失] * have heavy expenses 花销很大 * a heavy frost 厚厚的霜 * have a heavy cold 患重感冒 * heavy (ie loud) breathing 大声的呼吸 * a heavy sleeper, ie one who is difficult to wake 睡得很死的人 * a heavy drinker/smoker, ie one who drinks/smokes a lot 酒[烟]瘾极大的人. (b) [usu attrib 通常作定语] full of activity; busy活动多的; 繁忙的: * a very heavy day, programme, schedule有很多活动的一天、 节目单、 日程表. (c) [pred 作表语] ~ on sth (infml 口) using large quantities of sth 用量很大; 大量: * My car is rather heavy on petrol. 我的汽车很费油. * Don`t go so heavy on the sauce! 沙司不要加得太多! 3 falling or striking with force （落下或打击）沉重的: * a heavy blow, fall of snow 重重的一击、 一场大雪 * heavy rain, seas 大雨、 汹涌的海浪. 4 (a) dense; solid 浓密的; 坚实的: * a heavy mist 浓雾 * heavy bread, ie doughy from not having risen 未发起的面包. (b) (of the ground) muddy and sticky; hard to work or travel over （指土地）泥泞的, 难耕或难行的: * heavy soil 难耕的土地 * The going was heavy at the racecourse. 马场地面泥泞难跑. 5 (a) (of food) difficult to digest （指食物）难消化的: * a heavy meal 不易消化的饭菜.

heavy1
(b) (fig 比喻) serious 严肃的; 认真的; 庄重的: * the heavier newspapers 理论性较强的报纸. (c) (derog 贬) (of a person, book, style,etc) serious and tedious; dull （指人、 书、 风格等）严肃而沉闷的, 单调乏味的: * This article is/makes heavy reading. 这篇文章读起来枯燥乏味. 6 stern 严厉的; 苛刻的: * He can be very heavy with/on his children. 他有时对子女很严厉. 7 (of a person's appearance or way of moving) clumsy or ungraceful （指人的外貌或动作）笨拙的, 不雅的: * heavy features 粗眉大眼. 8 drowsy 昏昏欲睡的: * be heavy with sleep/wine 睡觉睡[喝酒喝]昏了头. 9 (of the sky) dark with clouds （指天空）阴沉沉的. 10 (sl 俚 esp US) dangerous; threatening 危险的; 令人惊恐不安的: * a heavy scene 令人惊恐不安的场面. 11 sad 沉痛的: * a heavy heart 沉重的心情. 12 (idm 习语) ,heavy `going difficult or boring 困难的; 令人厌烦的: * She's heavy going, ie hard to talk to in an easy, friendly way. 她不好说话（很难随便亲切交谈）. * I find the work heavy going. 我觉得这工作很难. a heavy hand harsh or firm control 严厉的或强硬的管理或控制手段: * He runs his department with a heavy hand. 他采取强硬措施管理所属部门. make heavy `weather of sth make a task more difficult than it really is 将某事弄得比实际困难. take a heavy toll/take its toll => toll1. 派生： heavily adv: a heavily loaded lorry 重载的卡车 * smoke/drink heavily 大量抽烟[饮酒] * be heavily taxed 被徵重税 * heavily armed terrorists 全副武装的恐怖分子 * rely heavily on sb 依赖某人 * He fell heavily and twisted his ankle. 他摔了一大跤, 扭伤了脚踝. * She lost heavily at cards. 她玩牌输了很多钱. heaviness n [U]. heavy adv (idm 习语) lie heavy on sth => lie2. time hangs/lies heavy on one's hands => time. heavy n 1 villainous or serious role or actor in a play, film, etc 戏剧、 电影等中的反派或庄重角色; 扮演反派或庄重角色的演员.

heavy2
2 (sl 俚) big strong man employed as a bodyguard, etc （受雇任保镖等的）魁伟强壮的人: a gangster protected by his heavies 有打手护卫着的匪徒. 复合： ,heavy-`duty adj intended to withstand hard use, bad weather, etc 耐用的; 经受得起恶劣天气等的: a,heavy-duty `battery, `tyre 耐久的电池、 轮胎. ,heavy-`handed adj 1 clumsy; awkward 笨拙的; 粗劣的: ,heavy-handed inter`ference, `compliments, `humour粗手粗脚的干涉、 笨口拙舌的恭维、 毫无意趣的幽默. 2oppressive 暴虐的; 压制的: a heavy-handed regime 暴虐无道的政权. ,heavy-`handedly adv. ,heavy-`handednessn [U]. ,heavy-`hearted adj sad 心情沉重的; 悲伤的. ,heavy `hydrogen isotope of hydrogen with atoms twice the normal weight 重氢. ,heavy `industry industry producing metal, large machines, etc 重工业. ,heavy-`laden adj carrying a heavy load 重载的. ,heavy `water water whose molecules consist of two heavy hydrogen atoms and one ordinary oxygen atom 重水. `heavyweight n 1 boxer weighing 79.3kg or more; next above light-heavyweight 重量级拳击手（体重79.3公斤以上, 仅高於次重量级）: [attrib 作定语] a heavyweight contest 重量级拳击比赛. 2 person of more than average weight 超过平均体重的人. 3 (fig 比喻) person of great influence or importance 有影响的人物; 要人: a literary heavyweight 文坛巨匠.

Hebraic
[hi:'breiik; hi'breik] adj of the Hebrew language or people 希伯来语的; 希伯来人的.

Hebrew
[5hi:bru:; 5hibru] n 1 [C] member of a Semitic people in ancient Palestine 希伯来人. 2 [U] (a) language of the Hebrews 希伯来语. (b) modern form of this used esp in Israel 现代希伯来语（尤用於以色列）. Cf 参看 Yiddish. > Hebrew adj.

heck
[hek; hek] interj, n (infml euph 口, 婉) (used to express mild annoyance or surprise or for emphasis 用以表示轻度的懊恼或惊讶, 或用以加强语气) hell: * Oh heck, I'm going to be late. 糟糕, 我要迟到了. * We had to wait a heck of a long time. 我们可等了很长时间.

heckle
[5hekl; 5hekl] v [Tn] interrupt and harass (a speaker) at a public meeting with troublesome questions and rude remarks （在公开场合）诘问, 质问, 诘责, 诘难（发言者）: * The Socialist candidate was heckled continuously.社会党候选人不断受到诘问. > heckler[5heklE(r);'hekll] n.

hect(o)-
comb form 构词成分 hundred 一百: hectare * hectogram. =>App 11 见附录11.

hectare
[5hekteE(r), 'hekta:(r); 5hekter] n (abbr 缩写 ha) measure of area in the metric system, equal to 100 ares or 10000 square metres (2.471 acres) 公顷（合100公亩或10000平方米或2.471英亩）. =>App 5 见附录5.

hectic
[5hektik; 5hektik] adj with much confused activity and excitement; very busy 忙乱的; 忙碌的: * hectic last-minute preparations 最後关头忙碌的准备工作 * lead a hectic life 过忙忙碌碌的生活 * Today was hectic. 今天 忙得不亦乐乎. > hectically[-kli; -kEli] adv.

hectogram
[5hektEgrAm; 5hektE7grAm] n unit of mass in the metric system, equal to 100 grams 百克（100克）.

hector
[5hektE(r); 5hektl] v [Tn] try to frighten (sb) by bullying 威吓（某人）: * a hectoring tone of voice 威吓的口气.

hedge
[hedV; hedV] n 1 row of bushes or shrubs planted close together and forming a boundary for a field, garden, etc 树篱: * a privet hedge 女贞树篱. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page vii. 2 ~ (against sth) means of defence against possible loss 防止可能造成损失的手段: * buy gold as a hedge (ie to protect one's money) against inflation 为防通货膨胀而购买黄金. 派生： hedge v 1 [Tn] put a hedge round (a field, garden, etc) 在（田地、 花园等）周围设置树篱. 2 [I] make or trim hedges 栽种或修整树篱. 3 [I] avoid giving a direct answer to a question; refuse to commit oneself 避免正面答覆; 拒绝承诺: Answer `yes' or `no' stop hedging! 回答‘是’或‘不是’--不要再闪烁其词了! 4 (idm 习语) ,hedge one's `bets protect oneself against loss or error by not committing oneself to a single course of action, opinion, etc 两面下注（以防损失）; 骑墙; 脚踏两只船: hedge one's bets by backing both teams to win the game 下赌注於比赛双方的队以保万无一失. 5 (phr v) hedge sb/sth about/around (with sth) restrict or limit sb/sth 限制某人[某事物]: My life is hedged about with petty regulations. 我的生活受到一些琐细的条条框框的限制. hedge sb in restrict the freedom of sb 限制某人的自由. 复合： `hedge-hop v (-pp-) [I] fly an aircraft very low, egwhen spraying crops （驾飞机）低空飞行（如喷 农药时）. `hedgerow n row of bushes, etc forming a hedge 一排树篱. `hedge-sparrow (also sparrow) n small brown bird common in Europe and America 篱雀（褐色小鸟, 常见於欧洲和美洲）.

hedgehog
[5hedVhCg; - -hC:g; 5hedV7hag] n small insect-eating animal covered with stiff spines, that rolls itself up into a ball to defend itself 刺碠. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page iii.

hedonism
[5hi:dEnizEm; 5hidn7izEm] n [U] (behaviour based on the) belief that pleasure should be the main aim in life 享乐主义; 享乐主义的行为. 派生： hedonist n believer in hedonism 享乐主义者. hedonistic[7hi:dE'nistik; 7hidE'nistik] adj.

hee
haw

heebie
jeebies

heed
[hi:d; 5hid] v [Tn, Tw] (fml 文) pay attention to (advice, etc); take notice of (sth) 注意或听从（劝告等）; 留心（某事物）: * heed a warning 注意一项警告 * heed what sb says 留心听某人说. 派生： heed n 1 [U] (fml 文) careful attention 注意; 留心. 2 (idm 习语) pay heed => pay2. take heed (of sth) note sth carefully and act accordingly 听从: Take heed of your doctor's advice. 听医生的话吧. heedful[-fl; -7ful] adj [usu pred 通常作表语] ~ (of sth/sb) (fml 文) attentive 注意; 留心: * You should be more heedful of advice. 你应该多听人劝. heedless adj [usu pred 通常作表语] ~ (of sth/sb) (fml 文) disregarding; inattentive不加注意; 不予理会: * heedless of danger 忽视危险. heedlessly adv.

heel
1[hi:l; hil] n 1 (a) back part of the human foot 足跟. =>illus at foot 见foot插图. (b) part of a sock, stocking, etc covering this （袜子等的）踵部, 後跟. (c) part of a boot or shoe supporting this （鞋、 靴的）後跟. =>illus at shoe 见shoe插图. 2 thing like a heel in shape or position 外形或位置似踵部之物: * the heel of the hand, ie the front part next to the wrist 手掌根（手掌近腕部分）. 3 (sl 俚) dishonourable man; rogue; villain 无耻之徒; 恶棍; 坏蛋. 4 (idm 习语) an/one's Achilles' heel => Achilles. at/on sb`s `heels; on the heels of sth following closely after sb/sth 紧跟在某人[某事物]後面: * The thief ran off with an angry crowd at his heels. 那小偷在前面跑, 一群愤怒的人在後面紧追. * Famine often follows on the heels of war. 战争过後常闹 荒. bring sb/sth to `heel/come to `heel (a) (force sb to) submit to discipline and control （迫使某人）服从纪律和管束: * The rebels have been brought to heel. 反叛者被压制住了. (b) (cause a dog to) come close behind its owner （让狗）紧跟在主人後面: * I'm training my dog to come to heel. 我在训练我的狗让它紧跟着我. cool one's heels => cool2. dig one's heels/toes in => dig1. ,down at `heel (a) (of shoes) with the heels worn down by wear （指鞋）後跟磨掉的. (b) (of a person) untidy and poorly dressed; shabby （指人）邋遢的, 衣衫褴褛的, 穿着寒酸的. drag one's feet/heels => drag2.hard on sb's heels => hard2. head over heels => head1. hot on sb's heels => hot. kick one's heels => kick1. ,kick up one's `heels behave excitedly (esp to show joy at freedom) 欢蹦乱跳（尤为表现无束 之轻松愉快）. show a clean pair of heels => show2. ,take to one's `heels run away 逃走: * We took to our heels and ran. 我们拔腿就跑. tread on sb's heels => tread. ,turn on one's `heel turn sharply round and go in the opposite direction 急转身回头走. under the heel of sb dominated by sb 受某人支配.

heel1
派生： heel v [Tn] repair the heel of (a shoe, etc) 给（鞋等）修後跟: These shoes need soling and heeling. 这鞋需上鞋底和修後跟. -heeled (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) with heels of the specified type 有某种後跟的:,high-heeled `shoes. 复合： `heel bar small shop or counter in a large shop where shoes are repaired quickly 小型快速修鞋店; 大商店中的快速修鞋部.

hefty
[5hefti; 5hefti] adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) 1 (of a person) big and strong （指人）身高体壮的. 2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (a) (of a thing) large and heavy （指物）又大又重的: * a hefty suitcase 又大又沉的衣箱. (b) powerful 有力的: * deal sb a hefty blow 给予某人重重的一击. (c) (fig 比喻) extensive; substantial 大量的; 可观的: * She earns a hefty salary. 她的薪水很高. > heftily adv: * a heftily-built fellow 高大健壮的人.

hegemony
[hi'gemEni; - 'hedVEmEuni; 5hedVEmoni] n [U, C] (fml 文) leadership, esp by one state in a group of states 领导权; 支配权; （尤指国家集团中的）霸权.

Hegira
(also Hejira)[5hedVirE, hi'dVaiErE; hi'dVairE] n the Hegira [sing] Muhammad's flight from Mecca to Medina in AD 622, from which date the Muslim era is reckoned 公元622年穆罕默德从麦加到麦地那之逃亡; 回教纪元.

heifer
[5hefE(r); 5hefl] n young cow, esp one that has not yet had a calf 小母牛（尤指未曾生育的）. Cf 参看 cow1 1.

heigh
ho

height
[hait; hait] n 1 (a) [U, C] measurement from the bottom to the top of a thing or from head to foot of a standing person 高度; 身高: * What is the height of the mountain? 这山有多高? * State your height, ie how tall are you. 说出你身高多少. * He is two metres in height. 他身高二米. =>App 4 见附录4. =>illus at dimension 见dimension插图. (b) [U] being tall 高: * She can see over the wall because of her height. 她个子高, 能看到墙的那一边. 2 [C, U] distance (of an object or a position) above ground or sea-level （物体或位置的）高度, 海拔: * fly at a height of 6000 metres (above sea-level) 在（海拔）6000米的高度上飞行 * The aircraft was gaining height. 飞机在不断升高. 3 [C esp pl 尤作复数] high place or area 高处; 高地: * be afraid of heights 畏高. 4 [sing] main point or highest degree of sth 顶点; 极度: * the height of summer 盛夏时节 * The storm was at its height. 风暴正猛. * the height of folly 愚不可及 * be dressed in the height of fashion 穿着最时髦的衣服 * the height of one`s ambition 最大的抱负. 5 (idm 习语) draw oneself up to one's full height => draw2. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Height can be *height 可指 1 the vertical measurement of a person or object 人或物体的垂直高度: Please state your height. 请说出你的身高. * What's the height of that wall? 那堵墙有多高? or 2 the distance of somebody or something from ground/sea-level 某人或某物高於地面[海面]的距离: The climber fell from a great height. 攀登者从极高的地方坠落下来. * The aircraft was flying at a height of 2000 feet. 飞机在2000英尺的高空飞行. The adjective tall relates to sense 1 and is used mainly of people, trees and buildings 形容词tall同1义, 主要用於指人、 树及建 物: How tall are you/is the building/tree? 你[这座建 物/那棵树]有多高? height1 /// (but is not used for the vertical measurement of people) *high同1和2义（但不可用於指人的身高）: How high is that jump? 要跳过的那障碍物有多高? * That poster is too high nobody can read it. 那海报贴得太高了--谁也看不清楚.

heighten
[5haitn; 5haitn] v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) becomehigher or more intense （使某事物）提高, 加强: * heighteningtension 越来越紧张的情况 * her heightened colour, ie the increased colour in her face, eg caused by emotion 她那绯红的脸庞（如因激动所致） * music to heighten the dramatic effect 藉以提高戏剧效果的配乐.

heinous
[5heinEs; 5henEs] adj very wicked 极凶恶的:a heinous crime, criminal 十恶不赦的罪行、 罪犯. > heinously adv. heinousness n [U].

heir
[eE(r); er] n ~ (to sth) person with the legal right to receive property, etc when the owner dies 继承人: * be heir to a large fortune, a title, the throne 是大笔财产、 头衔、 王位的继承人 * She made her stepson (her) heir. 她让丈夫与前妻生的儿子做自己的继承人. 派生： heiress[5eEris, eE'res; 5eris] n female heir, esp one who inherits great wealth 女继承人（尤指继承大笔财产者）. 复合： ,heir ap`parent (pl heirs apparent) heir whose legal right cannot be cancelled by the birth of another with a stronger claim 确定继承人（其继承权不因其他人之出生而受影响）. ,heir pre`sumptive (pl heirs presumptive) heir who may lose his legal right if another heir with a stronger claim is born 推定继承人（其继承权可能因其他人之出生而丧失）.

heirloom
[5eElu:m; 5er'lum] n (usu valuable) object that has been handed down in a family for several generations （通常为贵重的）祖传遗物, 传家宝: * That clock is a family heirloom. 那个座钟是祖传下来的.

heist
[haist; haist] n (sl 俚 esp US) robbery; burglary 抢劫; 盗窃. 派生： heist v [Tn] (sl 俚 esp US) rob or steal (sth) 抢劫, 盗窃（某物）.

Hejira
= hegira.

held
pt, pp of hold.

helical
[5helikl, also 'hi:likl; 5helikEl, 'hilikEl] adj like a helix 螺旋形的.

helicopter
[5helikCptE(r); 5heli7kaptl] n type of aircraft with horizontal revolving blades or rotors, able to take off and land vertically and remain stationary in the air 直升飞机: * rescued from the sea by (a) helicopter 用直升飞机从海上救起的 * [attrib 作定语] a helicopter pilot 直升飞机驾驶员. =>illus 见插图.

heliotrope
[5hi:liEtrEup; 5hiliE7trop] n 1 [C, U] plant with small sweet-smelling purple flowers 天芥菜属植物（开芳香之紫色小花）. 2 [U] light purple colour 浅紫色.

heliport
[5helipC:t; 5heli7pCrt] n place where helicopters take off and land 直升飞机机场; 直升飞机航站.

helium
[5hi:liEm; 5hiliEm] n [U] chemical element, a light colourless gas that does not burn, used in airships 氦. =>App 10 见附录10.

helix
[5hi:liks; 5hiliks] n (pl helices[5hi:lisi:z; 5heli7siz] ) spiral, either like a corkscrew or flat like a watch-spring 螺旋: * Some biological molecules have the form of a helix. 有些生物分子呈螺旋状.

hell
[hel; hel] n 1 [sing] (without a or the 不与a或the连用) place believed in some religions to be the home of devils and of wicked people after death 地狱. 2 [U, C] state or place of great suffering or wickedness; very unpleasant experience 苦痛的境况; 受苦受难的地方; 极不愉快的经历: * suffer hell on earth 受人间地狱之苦 * She made his life (a) hell. 她使他活受罪. * The journey was absolute hell. 一路上吃尽了苦头. 3 [U] (infml 口) (used as an exclamation of annoyance or surprise or for emphasis 用作感叹词, 表示恼怒或惊讶, 或用以加强语气): * Oh hell, I've broken it! 啊, 真倒霉, 我把它弄坏了! * Bloody hell! 真该死! * Oh go to hell! 见鬼去吧! * Who the hell is he? 他究竟是谁? * What the hell (ie It doesn't matter), I can go tomorrow instead. 没关系, 我可以改在明天去. 4 (idm 习语) a/one hell of a... (also ahelluva[5helEvE; 5helEvE] ) (sl 俚) (a) (used for emphasis用以加强语气): * one hell of a row, ie a dreadful row 大吵大闹. (b) very 非常: * It's a hell of a long way. 路远极了. * He's a helluva (nice) guy. 他是个呱呱叫的（好）人. all `hell broke/was let loose suddenly there was great noise and confusion 突然之间闹翻天. beat/knock hell out of sb/sth (infml 口) hit sb/sth very hard 猛击某人[某物]. a cat in hell's chance => cat1. for the `hell of it (infml 口) just for fun 仅为取乐: * steal a car for the hell of it 为了好玩而偷汽车. give sb `hell (infml 口) scold, punish or harass sb 申斥、 惩罚或骚扰某人: * The boss really gave me hell today. 老板今天着实数落了我一通. * This tooth is giving me hell, ie is very painful. 我这颗牙很疼. hell for `leather as quickly as possible 尽快地: * drive, ride, run, etc hell for leather 尽快地驾驶、 骑、 跑等. (come) ,hell or high `water no matter what the difficulties 不管有什麽困难. like a bat out of hell => bat1. like `hell (a) (infml 口) (used for emphasis 用以加强语气):

hell1
* drive like hell, ie very fast 飞快地驾驶. (b) (sl ironic 俚, 反语) (used before a clause 用於从句前) not at all 绝不: * `You can pay.’ `Like hell I will (ie I certainly will not)!’ ‘你可以给钱的.’‘我才不给呢! not have a hope in hell => hope n. play hell with sth/sb (infml 口) seriously upset sth/sb 给某事物[某人]造成极大麻烦: * That curry is playing hell with my insides! 我吃了咖喱食物, 肚子真不舒服! raise Cain/hell/the roof => raise. the road to hell is paved with good intentions => road. see sb (damned) in `hell first(infml 口) (used when emphatically rejecting a suggestion用於断然拒绝某项提议时): * Lend him money? I'll see him in hell first. 把钱借给他? 绝对不行. there will be/was `hell to pay (infml 口) sb will be/was punished severely 某人将受到[受到了]严惩: * There'll be hell to pay if we're caught. 我们要是被抓住就有罪受了. to hell with sb/sth damn sb/sth 某人[某事物]该死: * To hell with the lot of you, I'll do what I please! 你们全都见鬼去吧, 我爱怎麽着就怎麽着! 派生： hellish adj 1 of or like hell （似）地狱的. 2 (infml 口) extremely unpleasant 极不愉快的: His schooldays were hellish. 他的学生时代苦不堪言. adv (infml 口) extremely 极端地: hellish expensive 贵得要命. hellishly adv 1 very badly 极恶劣地: be hellishly treated 受到极其恶劣的对待. 2 (infml 口) extremely 极端地: a hellishly difficult problem 极其困难的问题. 复合： ,hell-`bent adj [pred 作表语] ~ on sth recklessly determined to do sth 不顾一切而要做某事: He seems hell-bent on drinking himself to death. 他拚命喝酒, 似乎连命都不要了. `hell-cat n spiteful or furious woman 恶妇; 泼妇.

Hellene
[5heli:n; 5helin] n 1 native of modern Greece 现今的希腊人. 2 person of genuine Greek race in ancient times 古希腊人. 派生： Hellenic/he'li:nik; - he'lenik; he'lenik] adj of the ancient or modern Greeks, their arts, culture, etc （古 今）希腊人的, 希腊艺术、 文化等的.

Hellenistic
[7heli'nistik; 7heli'nistik] adj of the Greek language and culture of the 4th-1st centuries BC （公元前4世纪至公元前1世纪的）希腊语言和文化的.

hello
= hallo.

helluva
[5helEvE; 5helEvE] => hell 4.

helm
[helm; helm] n 1 handle or wheel for moving the rudder of a ship or boat 舵柄; 舵轮: * (fig 比喻) the helm of state, ie government of a country 政府. Cf 参看 tiller. 2 (idm 习语) at the `helm at the head of an organization, etc; in control 担任某一组织等的领导人; 掌权. 复合： `helmsman ([-zmEn; -zmEn/) n (pl -men[-mEn;-mEn] ) person who steers a ship 舵手; 操舵人. Cf 参看 steersman (steer1).

helmet
[5helmit; 5helmit] n protective head-covering such as that worn by firemen, miners, motor-cyclists, policemen and sportsmen, and by soldiers when they arefighting 头盔. =>illus at American football (American)见American football (American)插图. 派生： helmeted adj wearing or provided with a helmet 戴头盔; 备有头盔的.

help
1[help; help] v 1 [I, Ipr, It, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p, Cn.t, Cn.i] ~ (sb) (with sth) be of use or service to (sb); make it easier for (sb) to do sth; aid; assist 帮助（某人）; 协助（某人）做某事; 援助; 救助: * Help! I'm stuck. 帮帮忙吧! 我卡住了. * May I help with the washing-up? 我帮你洗餐具好吗? * Your advice helped (me) a lot. 你的意见对我大有帮助. * We must all help each other. 我们都应该互相帮助. * A man is helping the police with their enquiries. 有一男子在协助警方进行调查. * Please help me up/down the stairs with this heavy case, ie help me to carry it up/down. 请帮我把这只沉重的箱子搬上[下]楼. * Would it help you to know (ie if I told you) that...? 如果我告诉你..., 对你会有帮助吗? * This charity aims to help people to help themselves. 这一慈善团体的宗旨是帮助人们实行自助. * I helped (him) (to) find his things. 我帮（他）找东西. 2 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ oneself/sb (to sth) serve oneself/sb with food, drink, etc 为自己[某人]取食品、 饮料等: * Help yourself (to a cigarette). 请随便用（香烟）吧. * May I help you to some more meat? 再给你来点肉好吗? (b) [Tn.pr] ~ oneself to sth take sth without permission 擅自拿取: * He's been helping himself to my stationery. 他未经许可一直用我的文具. 3 [I, It, Tn] make it easier for sth to happen 促进; 促成: * This latest development doesn't exactly help (matters). 这一最新情况对事情并没有真正好处. * drugs that help to take away pain 能止痛的药 * stiffer measures to help fight terrorism 有助打击恐怖活动的更为强硬的措施. 4 (idm 习语) can/could (not) help (doing) sth can/could (not) prevent or avoid sth （不）能防止或避免某事物: * It can't/couldn't be helped, ie There was no way of avoiding it and we must accept that. 这是不可避免的. * Can I help it (ie Is it my fault) if people don't read the instructions? 人家不看使用说明书, 我又有什麽办法呢?

help1
* He can't help having big ears. 他总是忍不住要打听别人的事. * I wouldn't live there; well, not if I could help it. 我可不愿在那儿生活, 嗳, 要是有别的办法我才不住那儿呢. * We can't help thinking he's still alive. 我们总是认为他还活着. * She burst out laughing; she couldn't help it/herself, ie could not stop herself. 她突然大笑起来, 无法克制自己. * Don't tell him more than you can help, ie more than you must. 能不告诉他的, 就别告诉他. * She never does more work than she can help, ie She does as little as possible. 她做工作, 能少做就少做. God/Heaven `help sb (used when expressing fears for sb's safety 用於对某人的安全表示担心时): * God help you (ie You will be in trouble) if the teacher finds out! 要是老师发现了, 可够你受的! help a lame dog over a stile give help to sb who is in difficulty or trouble 助某人渡过难关. a ,helping `hand assistance 帮助; 援助: * give/lend (sb) a helping hand 帮（某人）忙. so `help me (God) I swear it 我发誓; 老天爷作证: * I never stole the money, so help me (I didn't)! 钱决不是我偷的, 老天爷可以作证! 5 (phr v) help sb off/on with sth help sb to take off/put on (a garment) 帮某人脱[穿]（衣服）: * Can I help you on with your coat? 我帮你把大衣穿上好吗? help (sb) `out help sb esp in a difficult situation or a crisis 帮助某人（尤指摆脱困境或危难）: * He's always willing to help (us) out when we're short of staff. 我们职员人手不足时, 他总是急人之难. 派生： helper n person who helps 帮忙者; 助手. helping n portion of food at a meal （饭菜的）一份, 一客: take a third helping 吃第叁份食物 * She had two generous helpings of pie. 她吃了两客分量很足的馅饼.

helpmate
[5helpmeit; 5help7met] n helpful partner or companion, esp a husband or wife 可以依靠的伴侣; （尤指）丈夫或妻子.

helter
skelter

helve
[helv; helv] n handle of a weapon or tool, esp an axe （武器或工具的）柄（尤指斧柄）.

hem
1[hem; hem] n edge of a piece of cloth which has been turned under and sewn or fixed down （布的）摺边, 卷边, 滚边: * I took the hems of my dresses up to make them shorter. 我把我的连衣裙都改短了. 派生： hem v (-mm-) 1 [Tn] make a hem on (sth) 给（某物）镶边, 缝边: hem a skirt, handkerchief, etc 镶裙子、 手帕等的边. 2 (phr v) hem sb about/around (esp passive 尤用於被动语态) surround sb 包围某人: be hemmed about by obstacles 被障碍物团团围住. hem sb in surround and restrict the movement of sb; confine sb 包围某人; 限制某人的行动; 约束某人: The enemy troops were hemming us in. 敌军把我们包围了. * (fig 比喻) He felt hemmed in by convention. 他感到受清规戒律的束 . 复合： `hem-line n lower edge of a dress or skirt （衣裙的）下 , 底边: lower/raise the hem-line, ie make a skirt, etclonger/shorter 把下 放低[提高]（把裙子等改长[短]）. `hem-stitch n [U] ornamental stitching used esp on hems 花饰线迹; 抽丝线迹. v [Tn] decorate (sth) with such stitching 用加饰线或抽丝法在（某物）上加饰边.

hemisphere
[5hemisfiE(r); 5hemEs7fir] n 1 half a sphere 半球. 2 any half of the earth, esp as divided by the equator (the Northern/Southern hemisphere) or by a line passing through the poles (the Eastern hemisphere, ie Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia, and the Western hemisphere, ie N and S America) （地球的）半球（尤指按赤道划分之南[北]半球或按通过极地之经线划分之东半球--即欧洲、 非洲、 亚洲、 澳洲和西半球--即南北美洲）. =>illus at globe 见globe插图. 3 (anatomy 解) either half of the cerebrum （大脑 的）半球. 派生： hemispherical[7hemi'sferikl; 7hemE'sferikl] adj shaped like a hemisphere 半球形的.

hemlock
[5hemlCk; 5hemlak] n 1 [C, U] poisonous plant with small white flowers 毒芹（有毒, 开小白花）. 2 [U] poison made from this plant 由毒芹提取的毒药.

hemp
[hemp; hemp] n [U] 1 plant from which coarse fibres are obtained for making rope and cloth 大麻. 2 narcotic drug made from this plant 大麻制的麻醉剂. Cf 参看 cannabis, hashish, marijuana. 派生： hempen[5hempEn; 5hempEn] adj made of hemp 大麻制的: * a hempen rope 麻绳.

hen
[hen; hen] n 1 female of the common domestic fowl 母鸡. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page v. 2 female of any of several types of bird 雌禽: * a `guinea-hen 雌珍珠鸡 * [attrib 作定语] a hen `pheasant 雌雉. Cf 参看 cock. 复合： `hen-coop n cage for keeping poultry in 家禽笼. `hen-house n small building for fowls to roost in 家禽棚舍. `hen-party n (infml 口) party for women only 女性的聚会. Cf 参看 stag-party (stag). `henpecked adj (infml 口) (of a husband) nagged by a fussy and domineering wife （指丈夫）受妻子摆布的, 怕老婆的, 惧内的.

hence
[hens; hens] adv 1 from this time 从此时起: * a week hence, ie in a week from now 从现在起一星期後. 2 for this reason 因此: * I fell off my bike yesterday hence the bruises. 我昨天骑自行车摔倒了--所以青一块、 紫一块的. 3 (arch 古) from here 从此处. 复合： henceforth[7hens'fC:W; 7hens'fCrW] (also henceforward/ 9hens5fR:wEd; 9hZns`fRrwLd/) adv (fml 文) from this time on; in future 从今以後; 今後: * Henceforth I expect you to be punctual for meetings. 我希望你今後准时到会.

henchman
[5hentFmEn; 5hentFmEn] n (pl -men[-mEn; -mEn] ) faithful follower or political supporter who always obeys the orders of his leader （对领导者唯命是从的）忠实的追随者或政治上的支持者: * the dictator and his henchmen 独裁者及其亲信.

henna
[5henE; 5henE] n [U] 1 reddish-brown dye used esp on the hair 散沫花染剂（一种棕红色的染料, 尤用以染发）. 2 tropical plant from which this dye is obtained 散沫花（热带植物, 可制染剂）. 派生： hennaed[5henEd; 5henEd] adj dyed with henna 用散沫花染剂染过的.

hepatitis
[7hepE'taitis; 7hepE'taitis] n [U] inflammation of the liver 肝炎.

heptagon
[5heptEgEn; - -gCn; 5heptE7gan] n geometric figure with seven sides and angles 七边形; 七角形. > heptagonal/hep'tAgEnl; hep'tAgEnl] adj.

her
1[hE:(r); hE] 见词条使用详细说明 6.2. pers pron 人称代词 (used as the object of a v or of a prep; also used independently and after be 用作动词或介词的宾语, 亦可单用及置於be之後) female person or animal mentioned earlier or being observed now 她; （指雌性动物时用）它: * We're going to call her Diana. 我们打算称呼她为黛安娜. * Please give her my regards. 请代我问候她. * The manager will be free soon you can wait for her here. 经理一会儿就有空了--你可以在这儿等候她. * (infml 口) That must be her now. 那位一定就是她了. * (fig 比喻) I know that ship well I've often sailed in her. 那只船我很熟--因为我经常乘坐. Cf 参看 she, =>Usage at he 用法见he.

herald
[5herEld; 5herEld] n 1 (formerly) person who made important announcements and carried messages from a ruler （旧时）传令官, 使者, 信使. 2 person or thing that announces or shows that sb/sth is coming 报信者; 先兆: * In England the cuckoo is the herald of spring. 在英国, 杜鹃鸟预告春天的来临. 3 (Brit) official who keeps records of families that have coats of arms (coat) 司宗谱纹章的官员. 派生： herald v [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sb/sth (in) announce the approach of sb/sth 宣布某人[某事物]即将来临: This invention heralded (in) the age of the computer. 这项发明宣告了计算机时代的到来. heraldic/he'rAldik; he'rAldik] adj of heralds or heraldry 司宗谱纹章官员的; 纹章（学）的: * heraldic arms, devices, etc 盾徽、 纹章图案等. heraldry n [U] study of the coats of arms and the history of old families 纹章学.

herb
[hE:b; - E:rb; Eb] n (a) plant with a soft stem that dies down to the ground after flowering 草本植物. (b) plant of this kind whose leaves or seeds, etc are used in medicines and perfumes or for flavouring food 药草, 芳草（叶或种子等可制成药和香料, 或用作调味品）: * Sage, mint and dill are all herbs. 鼠尾草、 薄荷、 莳萝均为药草. * [attrib 作定语] a herb garden 芳草园. 派生： herbal[5hE:bl; - 'E:rbl; 5Ebl] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of herbs used in medicine or for flavouring 药草的; 芳草的: * herbal remedies 药草治疗法. n book containing descriptions of these 草本植物志; 药草书. herbalist[5hE:bElist; - 'E:rb-; 5Eblist] n person who grows, sells or specializes in herbs for medical use 药草裁培者; 药草商; 药草专家; 草药医生.

herbaceous
[hE:'beiFEs; - E:r-; E'beFEs] adj of or like herbs 草本的; 草质的. 复合： her,baceous `border flower-bed in a garden with plants that flower year after year （花园中种有多年生花草的）花坛.

herbage
[5hE:bidV; - 'E:r-; 5EbidV] n [U] herbs collectively, esp as pasture for cattle, etc; grass and other field plants 草本植物（总称）; （尤指）牧草; 草类.

herbicide
[5hE:bisaid; - 'E:r-; 5EbE7said] n substance that is poisonous to plants, used to destroy weeds, etc 除草剂.

herbivore
[5hE:bivC:(r); - 'E:r-; 5EbE7vCr] n animal that feeds on plants 食草动物. Cf 参看 carnivore. 派生： herbivorous/hE:'bivErEs; - E:r-; E'bivErEs] adj (of animals) feeding on plants （指动物）食草的.

herculean
[7hE:kju'li:En; hE'kjuliEn] adj having or needing very great strength 力大无比的; 十分费力的: * a herculean task 艰巨的任务.

herd
[hE:d; hEd] n 1 [C] number of animals, esp cattle, feeding or staying together 兽群; 牧群; （尤指）牛群: * a herd of cows, deer, elephant(s), etc 一群牛、 鹿、 象等. 2 the herd [sing] (usu derog 通常作贬义) large number of people; mob 人群; 群氓: * the common herd 普通民众 * He preferred to stick with the herd (ie do the same as everyone around him) so as not to be noticed. 他愿随大溜以免引人注目. 派生： herd v 1 [Ipr, Ip, Tn.pr, Tn.p] move or drive (sb/sth) forward as a herd in the specified direction （某人[某物]）成群地移动; 驱赶成群的（某人[某物]）: The prisoners were herded (together) onto the train. 一群囚犯被驱赶着押送上了火车. 2 [Tn] look after (sth) in a herd 牧放（兽群）: a shepherd herding his flock 正在放牧的牧羊人. 复合： herdsman[-mEn; -mEn] n (pl -men[-men; -men] ) person who looks after a herd of animals 牧人. herd instinct instinct in people or animals to behave and think like the majority 群集本能（人或动物在行为和思维上与大多数求同的本能）.

here
[hiE(r); hir] adv 1 (a) (with a v or after a prep 与动词连用或用於介词之後) in, at or to this position or place 在这里; 向这里: * I live here. 我住在这里. * We leave here tomorrow. 我们明天离开此地. * Fill it up to here. 把它装到此处为止. * Let's get out of here. 我们离开这里吧. * Put the box here. 把盒子放在这里. * Come (over) here. 到这来吧. (b) (placed for emphasis at the beginning of a sentence and followed by the finite v if the subject is a n, but not if the subject is a pers pron为加强语气可置於句首, 若主语为名词则限定动词紧接here之後, 若主语为人称代词则限定动词不紧接here之後): * Here comes the bus! 公共汽车来了! * Here it comes! 它来了! * Here are the others! 其馀的在这里!* Here they are! 他们到了! * Here we are (ie We've arrived)! 我们到了! 2 at this point (in an activity, a series of events or a situation) （在一项活动、 一连串事件或一种情况中）在这一点上: * Here the speaker paused to have a drink. 这时演讲人停下来喝了一口水. 3 (used for emphasis immediately after a n or informally before a n 用以加强语气, 可紧接名词之後, 在口语中可置於名词之前): * My friend here saw it happen. 我这朋友就看见了它是怎样发生的. * (infml 口) What do you make of this here letter? 你对这封来信有什麽看法? 4 (idm 习语) ,here and `there in various places 在各地; 各处. here below (rhet 修辞) on earth (contrasted with being in heaven) 在尘世间: * Life goes on for those of us who remain here below. 对於我们凡人来说, 生活依旧. ,here `goes (infml 口) (used to announce that one is about to do something exciting, risky, etc 用以宣布令人兴奋、 具有冒险性等的举动). here's to sb/sth (used when drinking to a person's health or to the success of an enterprise, etc 用於敬酒时祝某人健康或祝事业等成功): * Here's to the bride! 敬新娘一杯! * Here's to your future happiness! 祝你将来幸福! ,here, there and `everywhere in many different places; all around 在许多地方; 到处. neither ,here nor `there not important; irrelevant 无关紧要的; 不相干的:

here1
* The fact that I don't like your fiance is neither here nor there what matters is what you feel. 我不喜欢你那未婚夫, 这是题外话--问题在於你意下如何. 派生： here interj 1 (used to call attention to sth or as a command 用以唤起对某事物的注意或用作命令): Here, let me carry it. 嘿, 让我来搬. 2 (used as a reply in a roll-call 用作点名时的答语) I am present 到; 有. 复合： hereabouts[7hiErE'bauts; 7hirE'bauts] (also hereabout)adv (fml 文) near this place; around here 在附近; 在这一带. hereafter[7hiEr'a:ftE(r); - -'f-; hir'Aftl] adv (fml 文) 1 (in legal documents, etc) from now on; following this （用於法律文件等）自此以後, 此後. 2 in future 在将来. n the hereafter [sing] the future; life after death 将来; 死後的生命. hereby[7hiE'bai; hir'bai] adv (fml 文) by this means; as a result of this 以此方式; 由此. herein[7hiEr'in; hir'in] adv (fml 文) in this place or document 於此处; 於此文件中. hereof[7hiEr'Cv; hir'av] adv (arch 古) of this 关於此点. hereto[7hiE'tu:; hir'tu] adv (arch 古) to this 至此. heretofore[7hiEtu:'fC:(r); 7hirtE'fCr] adv (fml 文) until now; formerly 直到此时; 在此之前; 前此. herewith[7hiE'wiT, -'wiW; hir'wiW] adv (fml 文) (esp in commercial use) with this (letter, etc) （尤用於商业函件）同此（函等）: * Please fill in the form enclosed herewith. 请填写随函附上之表格.

hereditary
[hi'reditri; - -teri; hE'redE7teri] adj 1 passed on from parent to child, or from one generation to following generations 遗传的; 世代相传的: * hereditary characteristics, features, beliefs 遗传而来的特性、 有遗传特点的相貌、 世代沿袭的信仰 * The disease is hereditary.这种病有遗传性. 2 holding a position by inheritance 继承的; 世袭的: * a hereditary ruler 世袭的统治者.

heredity
[hi'redEti; hE'redEti] n [U] (a) passing on of physical or mental characteristics from parents to children遗传: * [attrib 作定语] heredity factors 遗传因素. (b) such characteristics in a particular person 某人来自遗传的特徵: * part of one's heredity 来自遗传的部分特徵.

heresy
[5herEsi; 5herEsi] n 1 [C] belief or opinion that is contrary to what is generally accepted, esp in religion异端（尤指宗教方面的）: * the heresies of the early Protestants早期新教徒的异端邪说. 2 [U] holding of such an opinion 持异端邪说: * be guilty of heresy 犯有异端罪. 派生： heretic[5herEtik; 5herEtik] n person who is guilty of heresy or who supports a heresy 犯异端罪者; 持异端观点者. heretical/hi'retikl; hE'retikl] adj of heresy or heretics 异端的; 持异端观点者的: * heretical beliefs 异端观点. heretically adv.

heritable
[5heritEbl; 5herEtEbl] adj (law 律) 1 (of property, etc) that can be inherited （指财产等）可继承的. 2 (of a person) able to inherit （指人）有继承权的.

heritage
[5heritidV; 5herEtidV] n [C usu sing 通常作单数] 1 things such as works of art, cultural achievements and folklore that have been passed on from earlier generations 文化遗产（如祖辈遗留下来的艺术作品、 文明成果及民俗）: * our literary heritage 我们的文学遗产 * These ancient buildings are part of the national heritage. 这些古建 是民族遗产的一部分. 2 (dated or fml 旧或文) property that has been or may be inherited by an heir 遗产; 继承物.

hermaphrodite
[hE:'mfrEdait; hE'mAfrE7dait] n person or animal that has both male and female sexual organs or characteristics 两性人; 阴阳人; 雌雄同体的动物. Cf 参看 bisexual. > hermaphroditic/hE:7mfrE'ditik; hE7mAfrE'ditik] adj.

hermetic
[hE:'metik; hE'metik] adj tightly closed so that air cannot escape or enter; completely airtight 不透气的; 密封的. > hermetically[-kli; -kli] adv: * hermetically sealed containers 密封容器.

hermit
[5hE:mit; 5hEmit] n person (esp a man in early Christian times) who has withdrawn from society and lives completely alone; recluse （尤指早期基督教的）隐居修道士; 隐士; 遁世者. 派生： hermitage[-idV; -idV] n place where a hermit or a group of hermits lives 隐居处; 修道院.

hernia
[5hE:niE; 5hEniE] n [U, C] rupture, esp one caused by a part of the bowel being pushed through a weak point of the muscle wall of the abdomen 疝; 突出.

hero
[5hiErEu; 5hiro] n (pl ~es) 1 person who is admired by many for his noble qualities or his bravery 英雄; 豪杰: * receive a hero's welcome, ie such as is given to returning heroes 受到如同英雄凯旋一般的欢迎 * He died a hero/a hero's death, ie died while doing sth very brave or noble. 他死得英勇. * You're my hero, ie I admire you greatly. 你是我心中的偶像. 2 chief male character in a story, poem, play, etc （小说、 诗歌、 戏剧等中的）男主角, 男主人公: * the hero of the novel 该小说的男主人公. Cf 参看 villain. 派生： heroine[5herEuin; 5heroin] n female hero 女主角; 女主人公. heroism[5herEuizEm; 5hero7izEm] n [U] brave and noble conduct; courage 英雄行为; 英勇精神: * an act of great heroism 大无畏的举动. 复合： `hero-worship n [U] excessive devotion to a person one admires 个人崇拜; 英雄崇拜. v (-pp-) [Tn] be excessively devoted to (sb) 崇拜（某人）: pop-stars hero-worshipped by their fans 为歌迷们所崇拜的流行歌星.

heroic
[hi'rEuik; hi'roik] adj 1 (a) having the characteristics of a hero; very brave 有英雄气概的; 英勇的: * heroic deeds 英勇事迹. (b) of heroes 英雄的: * heroic myths 英雄的故事. 2 of a size larger than in real life 大於真人或实物的: * a statue on a heroic scale 大於真人的塑像. > heroically[-kli; -kli] adv. heroics n [pl] 1 talk or behaviour that is excessively dramatic 夸张的言语或行为: There is no need to indulge in such heroics. 根本没有必要这样肆意夸张. 2 = heroic verse. 复合： he,roic `verse (also he,roic `couplets) verse form used in epic poetry, with lines of ten syllables and five stresses, in rhyming pairs 英雄诗体（用於史诗或叙事诗, 每行十个音节, 五个音步, 每两行押韵）.

heroin
[5herEuin; 5heroin] n [U] narcotic drug made from morphine, used medically to cause sleep or relieve pain, or by drug addicts 海洛因; 二乙奶吗啡.

heroine
=> hero.

heron
[5herEn; 5herEn] n water-bird with a long neck and long legs that lives in marshy places 鹭. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page v. 派生： heronry n place where herons breed 鹭群繁殖处.

herpes
[5hE:pi:z; 5hEpiz] n [U] (medical 医) virus disease that causes blisters on the skin 秙疹. 复合： ,herpes `simplex simple and painless form of herpes 单纯性秙疹（无痛）. ,herpes `zoster = shingles.

Herr
[heE(r); her] n (pl Herren[5herEn; 5herEn] ) German word for Mr; title of a German man 先生（德语词, 相当於英语的Mr）.

herring
[5heriN; 5heriN] n (pl unchanged or ~s 复数或不变或作 herrings) 1 [U, C] N Atlantic fish, usu swimming in very large shoals, used for food 鲱（产於北 大西洋, 通常成大群游动, 可食）: * a catch of mackerel and herring 捕捉鲭鱼和鲱鱼 * a couple of fresh herring(s) 几条鲜鲱鱼 * [attrib 作定语] herring fishermen 捕鲱的渔人. 2 (idm 习语) neither fish, flesh nor good red herring => fish1. a red herring => red1. 复合： `herring-bone n [U] zigzag pattern used in stitching and weaving 人字形图案（用於缝纫和纺织）. =>illus at pattern 见pattern插图. `herring gull large N Atlantic gull with dark wing-tips 银鸥（产於北大西洋, 体大, 翼端呈黑色）.

herself
[hE:'self; hl'self] reflex, emph pron 反身、 强调代词 (only taking the main stress in sentences when used emphatically 仅用以加强语气时方读重音) 1 (reflex 反身) (used when the female doer of an action is also affected by it 用作女性、 雌性动物的或事物的反身代词): * She `hurt herself. 她伤了自己. * She must be `proud of herself. 她一定为自己而骄傲. 2 (emph 强调) (used to emphasize the female subject or object of a sentence 用以强调句中为女性或雌性的主语或宾语): * The Prime Minister her`self was at the meeting. （女）首相亲自莅临会议. * She told me the news her`self. 这消息是她亲口告诉我的. * I saw Jane her`self in the supermarket.我在超级市场看见简本人了. 3 (idm 习语) (all) by her`self (a) alone 单独地: * She lives by herself. 她独身一人生活. (b) without help 独力地: * She can mend the fridge by herself. 她能自己修理冰箱. =>Usage at he 用法见he.

hertz
[hE:ts; hEts] n (pl unchanged 复数不变) (abbr 缩写 Hz) unit of frequency, equal to one cycle per second 赫（兹）（频率单位, 等於每秒一周）.

hesitant
[5hezitEnt; 5hezEtEnt] adj tending to be slow inspeaking or acting because of uncertainty or unwillingness犹豫的; 踌躇的; 迟疑的: * a hesitant reply, manner, voice, speaker 犹疑不决的回答、 举棋不定的样子、 结结巴巴的声音、 说话吞吞吐吐的人 * I'm rather hesitant about signing this. 我不大愿意签这个字. 派生： hesitancy[-Ensi; -Ensi] n [U] state or quality of being hesitant 犹豫; 踌躇; 迟疑. hesitantly adv.

hesitate
[5heziteit; 5hezE7tet] v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (at/about/over sth) be slow to speak or act because one feels uncertain or unwilling; pause in doubt 犹豫; 踌躇; 迟疑; （因有疑虑而）停顿: * She replied without hesitating. 她毫不犹豫地作了回答. * She hesitated before replying. 她犹豫了一下才回答. * He's still hesitating about joining/over whether to join the expedition. 他对是否参加考察队仍拿不定主意. * He hesitates at nothing. 他从不优柔寡断. * I'd hesitate before accepting such an offer. 我得先斟酌一下, 才能决定是否接受这样的提议. 2 [It] be reluctant 不情愿: * I hesitate to spend so much money on clothes. 我舍不得把这麽多钱花在穿衣服上. * Don't hesitate to tell us if you have a problem. 你有问题就直截了当地告诉我们. 派生： hesitation[7hezi'teiFn; 7hezE'teFEn] n 1 [U] state of hesitating 犹豫; 踌躇; 迟疑; 不情愿: * She agreed without the slightest hesitation. 她毫不犹豫地同意了. * There's no room for hesitation. 没有踌躇的馀地. 2 [C] instance of hesitating 犹豫; 踌躇; 迟疑; 不情愿: * His frequent hesitations annoyed the audience. 他叁番五次欲言又止, 听众已感到厌烦.

hessian
[5hesiEn; - 'heFn; 5heFEn] n [U] strong coarse cloth of hemp or jute; sack-cloth 一种结实的粗麻布（由大麻或黄麻制成）; 麻袋布.

het
[het; het] adj (phr v) (be/get) het up (about/over sth) (infml 口) (of a person) upset; excited （指人）烦躁的; 激动的: * What are you getting so het up about? 你为什麽这样激动?

hetero-
comb form 构词成分 other; different 异的; 杂的: heterogeneous * heterosexual. Cf 参看 homo-.

heterodox
[5hetErEdCks; 5hetErE7daks] adj not conforming with accepted standards or beliefs 异端的: * a heterodox opinion, person 非正统见解、 持非正统观点的人. Cf 参看 orthodox, unorthodox. > heterodoxy n [U, C].

heterogeneous
[7hetErE'dVi:niEs; 7hetErE'dViniEs] adj made up of different kinds; varied in composition由不同种类组成的; 成分混杂的: * the heterogeneous population of the USA, ie of many different races由不同种族组成的美国人口. Cf 参看 homogeneous.> heterogeneity[-dVi'ni:Eti; -dVE'niEti] n [U]. heterogeneously adv.

heterosexual
[7hetErE'sekFuEl; 7hetErE'sekFuEl] adj feeling sexually attracted to people of the opposite sex 异性恋的. Cf 参看 bisexual, homosexual. 派生： heterosexual n heterosexual person 异性恋者. heterosexuality[7hetErE7sekFu'lEti; 7hetErE7sekFu'AlEti] n [U].

heuristic
[hjuE'ristik; hju'ristik] adj (of a method of teaching) that helps or allows a learner to discover and learn things for himself （指教学法）启发式的. 派生： heuristics n [U] method of solving problems by evaluating past experience and moving by trial and error to a solution 启发法; 探索法.

hew
[hju:; hju] v (pt hewed, pp hewed or hewn/hju:n; hjun/) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] chop or cut (sth/sb) with an axe, sword, etc （用斧、 刀剑等）砍, 劈（某物[某人]）: * hewing wood 劈木 * He hewed his enemy to pieces. 他将敌人劈成数段. 2 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (down) cause sth to fall by chopping 砍倒或劈倒某物: * hewing (down) trees 将树伐倒. 3 [Tn] shape (sth) by chopping 将（某物）砍成或劈成某种形状: * roughly hewn timber 粗劈的木材. 4 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (away) (at/among sth) aim cutting blows at sth 砍向某物: * He was hewing away at the trunk of the tree. 他不停地照着树干砍去. 5 (phr v) hew sth across, through, etc (sth) make sth by chopping 开辟某物: * They hewed a path through the jungle. 他们在丛林中开辟出一条路. hew sth away, off, etc remove sth by chopping 砍掉某物: * hew off dead branches 砍去枯枝. hew sth out make sth by hard work 努力做成某事物: * hew out a career for oneself 奋力开创一番事业. 派生： hewer n person who hews, esp one who cuts out coal in a mine 砍伐者; （尤指）采煤工人.

hex(a)-
comb form 构词成分 having or made up of six of sth 含有数量为六的某事物; 由数量为六的某事物组成: hexagon * hexameter.

hexagon
[5heksEgEn; - -gCn; 5heksE7gan] n geometric figure with six sides and angles 六边形; 六角形. 派生： hexagonal/heks'AgEnl; heks'AgEnl] adj six-sided 六边形的; 六角形的.

hexameter
[hek'sAmitE(r); heks'AmEtl] n line of verse with six metrical feet 有六个韵步的诗行.

hey
[hei; he] interj 1 (also hi) (used to call attention or express surprise or inquiry 用以唤起注意或表示惊讶或疑问): * Hey, come and look at this! 喂, 来瞧瞧这个! 2 (idm 习语) hey presto (said by a conjuror as he completes a trick successfully, or by sb commenting on or announcing sth that has been done surprisingly easily or quickly 魔术师将戏法变成功时的用语或人们用以评论或表达某事完成得出奇地容易或迅速): * I just turned the piece of wire in the lock and hey presto, the door opened. 我把金属丝伸到锁孔里一拧, 嘿, 那门就开了.

heyday
[5heidei; 5he7de] n [sing] time of greatest success, prosperity, power, etc 最成功、 最繁荣、 最强盛等的时期: * She was a great singer in her heyday. 她在自己的黄金时代是个了不起的歌唱家. * Steam railways had their heyday in the 19th century. 19世纪是蒸汽机车的全盛时期.

HF
[7eitF 'ef; 7etF 'ef] abbr 缩写 = (radio 无) high frequency. Cf 参看 LF.

HG
abbr 缩写 = His/Her Grace 阁下, 大人, 夫人（用於他称）: HG the Duke/Duchess of Kent 肯特公爵[公爵夫人]阁下.

HGV
[7eitF dVi: 'vi:; 7etF dVi 'vi] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) heavy goods vehicle, eg a lorry, bus, etc 大型载货机动车（如卡车、 公共汽车等）: * have an HGV licence 有大型运货卡车牌照.

HH
abbr 缩写 = 1 His/Her Highness 殿下（用於他称）: HH the Prince/Princess of Wales 威尔斯亲王[王妃]殿下. 2 His Holiness 陛下（用於他称）: HH the Pope 教皇陛下.

hi
fi

hiatus
[hai'eitEs; hai'etEs] n 1 gap in a series or sequence, making it incomplete; break in continuity 裂隙; 缺漏; 脱漏; 间断. 2 (linguistics 语言) break between two vowels coming together but not in the same syllable 元音分立, 母音分读（相邻两单元音分开, 不连成一音节）.

hibernate
[5haibEneit; 5haibl7net] v [I] (of animals) spend the winter in a state like deep sleep （指动物）冬眠, 蛰伏. > hibernation[7haibE'neiFn; 7haibl'neFEn] n [U]: * go into hibernation 进入冬眠状态.

hibiscus
[hi'biskEs; - hai-; hai'biskEs] n plant or shrub with large brightly coloured flowers, grown esp in tropical countries 木槿.

hiccup
(also hiccough)[5hikQp; 5hikQp] n 1 (a) [C] sudden involuntary stopping of the breath with a sharp gulp-like sound, often recurring at short intervals 嗝; 呃逆: * give a loud hiccup 打一个响嗝. (b) hiccups [pl] persistent repetition of these 连续的打嗝: * She laughed so much she got (the) hiccups. 她笑得直打嗝. 2 [C] (infml 口) temporary small problem or stoppage 暂时性的小问题; 暂时的停顿: * There's been a slight hiccup in our mailing system. 我们的邮政系统临时出了一点小问题. 派生： hiccup (also hiccough) v [I] make a hiccup(1) 打嗝; 打呃.

hick
[hik; hik] n (infml derog 口, 贬 esp US) 1 awkward or foolish country person; bumpkin 乡巴佬; 土包子. 2 [attrib 作定语] provincial; not sophisticated 乡下的; 土头土脑的: * a hick town 小乡镇.

hickey
[5hiki; 7hiki] n (US infml 口) 1 gadget; device 小机械; 小装置. 2 pimple; blemish 丘疹; 瑕疵.

hickory
[5hikEri; 5hikEri] n (a) N American tree with edible nuts 山核桃树（产於北美, 果实可食）. (b) its hard wood 山核桃木: * [attrib 作定语] a hickory walking-stick 山核桃木的手杖.

hide
1[haid; haid] v (pt hid/hid; hid] , pp hidden[5hidn; 5hidn] ) 1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] prevent (sth/sb/oneself) from being seen; put or keep out of sight 隐藏（某事物[某人/自己]）; 隐蔽: * The sun was hidden by the clouds. 太阳被云遮住了. * The trees hid the house from view.树木把房屋遮挡住了. * He hid the gun in his pocket. 他把枪藏在衣袋里. * She's hidden my book (away) somewhere. 她把我的书藏起来了. (b) [I, Ipr, Ip] be or get out of sight; be or become concealed 躲藏; 隐匿: * Quick, run and hide! 快, 赶紧跑, 躲起来! * The child was hiding behind the sofa. 那孩子藏在沙发後面了. * (fig 比喻) She hid behind a false identity. 她以假身分作掩护. * The wanted man hid (away) in the forest. 那受通缉的男子躲进了森林里. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sb) prevent sth from being known; keep sth secret 隐瞒（某事物）; 掩盖（某事物）: * She tried to hide her feelings. 她尽力不使感情外露. * The future is hidden from us.未来是我们难以预卜的. * His words had a hidden meaning. 他话里有话. 3 (idm 习语) cover/hide a multitude of sins => multitude. hide one's ,light under a `bushel hide one's talents, abilities or good qualities because of modesty, etc 不展才; 不露锋芒. 派生： hide n (Brit) (US blind) place where naturalists, hunters, etc can watch wild animals or birds without being seen by them 隐蔽观察处（博物学家、 猎人等暗地观察野生鸟兽之处）. hiding n [U] (idm 习语) ,go into/,come out of `hiding hide/reveal oneself 躲藏起来[从躲藏处出来]. in `hiding hidden 隐藏的: He stayed in hiding for a year. 他隐藏了一年. 复合： hide-and-seek[7haidn'si:k; 5haidn'sik] n [U] children's game in which one player hides and the others try to find him 捉迷藏游戏. `hide-out (US also `hideaway) n hiding-place forpeople （人的）藏身处: a guerrilla hide-out in the mountains山里游击队的隐藏处.

hide1
`hiding-place n place where sb/sth is or could be hidden （人或物的）隐藏处.

hidebound
[5haidbaund; 5haid7baund] adj (derog 贬) not willing to consider new ideas, methods, etc; too conventional and narrow-minded 对新的思想、 方法等格格不入的; 守旧的; 思想偏狭的: * hidebound views, bureaucrats 守旧的观点、 官僚 * a society hidebound by convention 墨守成规的社会.

hideous
[5hidiEs; 5hidiEs] adj filling the mind with horror; very ugly; frightful 令人惊骇的; 极其丑陋的; 可怕的: * a hideous crime, face, noise, creature 邪恶的罪行、 丑陋的面孔、 吓人的声音、 可怕的怪物 * (infml 口) I think the colour scheme they've chosen is hideous. 我觉得他们选用的颜色配合起来难看极了. > hideously adv: * be hideously deformed 严重畸形. hideousness n [U].

hiding
1 => hide1.

hie
[hai; hai] v (pt hied, pres part hieing or hying) [Ipr, Tn.pr] ~ oneself to sth (arch or joc 古或谑) go quickly 快走: * Hie (thee) to thy chamber. 你撒开丫子回屋去吧.

hierarchy
[5haiEra:ki; 5haiE7rarki] n system with grades of authority or status from the lowest to the highest 等级制度: * She's high up in the management hierarchy. 她在管理阶层中地位很高. * There is a hierarchy in the classification of all living creatures. 一切生物均可按等级分类. 派生： hierarchical[7haiE'ra:kikl; 7haiE'rarkikl] adj of or arranged in a hierarchy 等级制的; 按等级划分的: * a hierarchical society, system, organization, etc 有等级之分的社会、 体系、 组织等.

hieroglyph
[5haiErEglif; 5haiErE7glif] n 1 picture or symbol of an object, representing a word, syllable or sound, as used in ancient Egyptian and other writing 象形字（如古埃及等所用的）. 2 written symbol with a secret or hidden meaning 秘密的或另有含义的书写符号. 派生： hieroglyphic[7haiErE'glifik; 7haiErE'glifik] adj of or written in hieroglyphs （用）象形文字（写成）的; （用）秘密的书写符号（写成）的. hieroglyphics n [pl] hieroglyphs 象形文字: decipheringEgyptian hieroglyphics 译解古埃及的象形文字 * His writing is so bad it just looks like hieroglyphics to me. 他写的糟透了, 对我来说就像天书一样.

higgledy
piggledy

high
1[hai; hai] adj (-er, -est) 1 (a) (of things) extending far upwards; having a relatively big distance from the base to the top （指物）高的: * a high fence, forehead, mountain 高的栅栏、 额头、 山 * high heels 高跟 * How high is Mt Everest? 埃佛勒斯峰躱即珠穆朗玛峰躣有多高? (b) having a specified distance from the base to the top 有某一高度的: * knee-high boots 齐膝高的靴子 * The wall is six feet high. 这墙高六英尺. (c) situated far above the ground or above sea level 离地面或海拔很高的: * a high ceiling, shelf 高的天花板、 搁板 * fly at a high altitude 在高空飞行. (d) being above the normal level 超过正常高度的: * a jersey with a high neck 高领紧身针织套衫. (e) (of a physical action) performed at or reaching a considerable distance above ground （指动作）在距离地面相当高处进行的或达到相当高度的: * a high dive, kick 高台跳水、 踢高球. =>Usage at height 用法见height. Cf 参看 low. 2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] ranking above others in importance or quality 高级的: * a high official 高级官员 * a man of high standing 身分高的人 * refer a case to a higher court 将案件提交上级法院处理 * high society, ie the upper classes 上流社会 * I have this information on the highest authority. 我有最高当局的这一方面资料. 3 (a) above the normal; extreme; intense 超乎寻常的; 极度的; 强烈的: * a high price, temperature, fever, speed, wind, living standard 高价、 高温、 高烧、 高速、 大风、 高的生活水平 * high voltage, blood pressure, praise 高电压、 高血压、 高度的赞扬 * The cost in terms of human life was high. 人命的损失很大. * I have high hopes of passing the exam. 我考试极有希望能及格. * A high degree of accuracy is needed. 需要有高度的准确性. * be in high spirits, ie be very cheerful 兴高采烈 * a high Tory, ie one holding traditional Conservative opinions 坚持保守党传统观点的人.

high1
(b) of great value 价值高的; 数值大的: * play for high stakes 豪赌 * My highest card is a ten. 我最大的牌是十点. (c) [attrib 作定语] extravagant; luxurious 奢侈的; 铺张的: * indulge in high living 奢靡无度 * enjoy the high life 过奢侈生活. (d) [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of aims, ideas, etc) morally good; noble; virtuous （指目标、 思想等）高尚的, 崇高的, 有道德的: * have high ideals 具有崇高的理想 * a woman of high principle 有崇高道德原则的女子. (e) [usu attrib 通常作定语] very favourable 极讨人喜欢的; 极有利的: * have a high opinion of/high regard for sb 极赞许某人. (f) [attrib 作定语] (most) enjoyable （最）令人愉快的: * the high point of the evening 晚会的高潮. 4 (of a sound) at or near the top of the musical scale; not deep or low （指声音）尖利的, 高音调的: * the high voice of a child 孩子的尖利的嗓音 * The note was too high for him. 这音符太高, 他唱不了. 5 [attrib 作定语] (of time) fully reached （指时间）已届时的, 全盛的: * high noon 正午 * high summer, ie the middle of the summer 盛夏. 6 (of a gear) allowing greater speed of a vehicle in relation to its engine speed （指变速器）高挡的: * You can change into a higher gear now you're going faster. 你既然已加快了速度, 就可以换上高挡了. 7 [pred 作表语] (of meat, etc) beginning to go bad （指肉等）开始变质: * Some game-birds are kept until they are high before cooking. 有些猎获的飞禽一直保存到开始变质才烹制. 8 [usu pred 通常作表语] ~ (on sth) (infml 口) under the influence of (esp drugs or alcohol) 受到（尤指麻醉品或酒精饮料躣影响: * be/get high on cannabis 因吸食大麻而神魂恍惚. 9 (idm 习语) be/get on one's ,high `horse (infml 口) act haughtily 趾高气扬; 盛气凌人. have/give sb a `high old time (infml 口) enjoy oneself/entertain sb in a very exuberant or jolly way 玩得很痛快[使某人玩得很痛快]. hell or high water => hell. ,high and `dry (of a ship) stranded; aground （指船）触礁, 搁浅:

high2
* (fig 比喻) He left her high and dry in a strange country without any money. 他把她遗弃在异国他乡, 身无分文, 处於困境. ,high and `mighty (infml 口) arrogant; haughty 倨傲不逊的; 盛气凌人的: * There's no need to be/get so high and mighty with me! 用不着对我摆架子! ,high days and `holidays festivals and special occasions 节日和假日. ,high `jinks (infml 口) noisy and mischievous fun 狂欢作乐; 胡闹. a high/low profile => profile. high/about time => time1. in ,high `dudgeon angry and indignant 极其愤怒: * He stalked off in high dudgeon. 他极其愤怒地昂首阔步走开了. in ,high `places among people of power and influence 在有权势的人当中: * She has friends in high places. 她有一些很有势力的朋友. smell, stink, etc to high `heaven (infml 口) (a) have a strong unpleasant smell 发恶臭. (b) seem to be very dishonest, corrupt, etc 极不诚实的、 极腐败的等: * The whole scheme stinks to high heaven don't get involved in it. 整件事十分卑鄙龌龊--可别陷了进去. 复合： `high-born adj of noble birth 出身高贵的. ,high `chair infant's chair with long legs and an attached tray, for use at meals （幼童吃饭时坐的）高脚椅（附有托盘）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xvi. ,High `Church section of the Church of England that emphasizes ritual and the authority of bishops and priests 高派教会（英国国教之一派, 注重仪式以及主教和牧师的权威）. ,High-`Churchman[-mEn; -mEn] n (pl -men[-mEn; -mEn] ). ,high-`class adj 1 of high quality; excellent 高级的; 上等的: a ,high-class `restaurant 高级餐厅. 2 of high social class 上流社会的. ,high `colour unusually red complexion 发红的脸色. ,High Com`mission embassy of one Commonwealth country in another （英联邦中一国派驻另一国的）高级专员公署. Cf 参看 consulate1. ,High Com`missionerhead of this (equivalent to an ambassador) （英联邦中一国派驻另一国的）高级专员（相当於大使）.

high3
,High `Courturt (also ,High Court of `Justice) supreme court for civil cases （审理民事案件的）高等法院. ,higher `animals, `plants, etc animals, plants, etc that are highly developed and have a complex structure 高级动物、 植物等（进化程度高、 构造复杂者）. ,higher edu`cation education and training at universities, polytechnics, etc 高等教育. ,high ex`plosive very powerful explosive with a violent shattering effect 高爆炸药; 烈性炸药. high-falutin[7hai fE'lu:tn; 7haifE'lutn] adj (infml 口) pompous; pretentious 浮夸的; 矫饰的: * high-falutin ideas, language 妄自尊大的思想、 浮夸的语言. ,high fi`delity (also `hi-fi) reproduction of sound (by radios, record-players, tape-recorders, etc) that is of high quality, with little or no distortion of the original sound （收音机、 电唱机、 录音机等复制声音的）高保真度. ,high-`flown adj (of language, etc) extravagantly grand and pretentious （指语言等）浮夸的, 言过其实的. ,high-`flyer (also high-flier) n person with the ability or ambition to be very successful 有能耐的人; 有抱负的人; 野心勃勃的人. ,high-`flying adj. ,high `frequency (abbr 缩写 HF) radio frequency of 3 to 30 megahertz 高频（指无线电频率由3至30兆赫）. ,High `German standard written and spoken German 高地德语（书面和口头使用的标准德语）. ,high-`grade adj of high quality 高级的; 优质的: ,high-grade `petrol 高级汽油. ,high-`handed adj using power or authority without considering the opinions and wishes of others 专横的; 高压的: a ,high-handed `person, `action 专横的人、 做法. ,high-`handedly adv. ,high-`handedness n [U]. the `high jump 1 athletic contest of jumping as high as possible, over an adjustable horizontal bar 跳高（比赛）: enter for the high jump 参加跳高比赛. 2 (idm 习语) be for the high jump (infml 口) be likely to be severely punished 可能遭受严厉惩罚: If you're caught stealing you'll be for the high jump. 偷东西被人抓住就要受到严厉的惩罚.

high4
`highland[-lEnd; -lEnd] adj 1 of or in mountainous regions 高地的; 高原（地区）的. 2 Highland of or in the Scottish Highlands 苏格兰高地的: * Highland cattle （苏格兰出产的）高原牛 * Highland dress （苏格兰的）高地人服装. n 1 [C usu pl 通常作复数] mountainous part of a country 高原地区; 山岳地带. 2 the Highlands[pl] the mountainous part of Scotland 苏格兰高地. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, pages xiv, xv. `highlander n person who lives in the Scottish Highlands 苏格兰高地人. ,Highland `fling lively Scottish dance 高地舞（一种轻快的苏格兰舞蹈）. ,high-`level adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of negotiations, etc) involving very senior people （指谈判等）高层次的, 高级别的: ,high-level `talks, `conferences, etc 高阶层的会谈、 会议等. ,high-level `language computer language that is close to ordinary language and usu not machine-readable 高级语言（接近日常语言的计算机语言, 通常并非机器可读的）. `high life (in W Africa) popular style of music and dance （非洲西部的）一种流行的音乐舞蹈形式. high-minded[7hai 'maindid; 5hai'maindid] adj having or showing a noble and virtuous character 情操高尚的; 思想境界高的. ,high-`mindedly adv. ,high-`mindednessn [U]. ,high-`octane adj (of petrol) having a high percentage of a certain octane and thus of good quality （指汽油）高辛烷值的, 优质的. ,high-`pitched adj 1 (of sounds) shrill; high in pitch3(3a) （指声音）尖锐的, 声调高的: a ,high-pitched `whine 尖声的哀叫. 2 (of roofs) steeply sloping （指屋顶）坡度 大的, 陡的. high5 /// ,high `pressure 1 condition of the atmosphere with pressure above average 高压的; 高气压的: a ridge of high pressure 高压脊. 2 energetic activity and effort 积极的行动; 极大的努力: work at high pressure 极其紧张地工作 * [attrib 作定语] ,high-pressure (ie aggressive and persistent) `salesmanship 强行推销术. ,high-`priced adj expensive 高价的; 昂贵的. ,high `priest chief priest 大祭司: (fig 比喻) the high priest of modern technology 现代技术的权威. ,high-`principled adj honourable 光明正大的: a,high-principled `person, `deed 光明正大的人、 行为. ,high-`ranking adj of high rank; senior 级别高的; 显要的: a ,high-ranking `army officer 高级军官. `high-rise adj [attrib 作定语] (of a building) very tall, with many storeys （指建 物）高层的: a high-rise office block 高层办公大楼. n such a building 高层大楼. `high road main road 大路; 公路干线: (fig 比喻) take the high road (ie the most direct way) to happiness 走上幸福的康庄大道. `high school (esp US) secondary school; school providing more advanced education than a primary or middle school 中学; 高中. the ,high `sea (also the high seas) the open seas beyond the legal control of any one country 公海. ,high `season time of year when most visitors regularly come to a resort, etc （旅游活动的）旺季: Hotels usually raise their prices in (the) high season. 在旅游旺季, 旅馆通常提高收费. `high-sounding adj (of language, etc) pretentious; high-flown （指语言等）夸张的, 言过其实的. ,high-`speed adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (that can be) operated at great speeds （适於）高速操作的: ,high-speed `trains. ,high-`spirited adj 1 lively and cheerful; vivacious 兴高采烈的; 活泼愉快的. 2 (of a horse) frisky （指马）活蹦乱跳的. `high spot (infml 口) outstanding event, memory, etc; most important feature 突出的事件、 记忆等; 最重要的特点: The excursion was the high spot of our holiday. 我们那个假日的最大乐趣是远足.

high6
`high street (esp in names) main street of a town, with shops, etc （尤用於街名）大街（市镇的主要街道）: Oxford High Street 牛津大街 * [attrib 作定语] high-street banks, shops, etc 主要大街上的银行、 商店等. ,high `table table on a raised platform where the most important people at a public dinner or in a college sit to eat 聚餐会上或学院里为最显要人士特设的置於较高平台上的餐桌. ,high `tea (Brit) early evening meal of cooked food, usu with tea 傍晚茶（傍晚用的膳食, 通常有茶）. ,high-`tech adj (infml 口) 1 involving high technology 高技术的. 2 (of interior design, etc) imitating styles more common in industry, etc （指室内装饰等）仿工业等中的常见式样的. ,high tech`nology advanced technological development高技术. ,high `tension high voltage 高电压: [attrib 作定语],high-tension `cables 高压电缆. ,high `tide (a) tide when at its highest level 高潮. (b) time when this occurs 高潮时期. ,high `treason treason against one's country or ruler 叛国罪; 叛逆罪. `high-up n (infml 口) person of high rank 上面（居高位的人, 上级）. ,high `water = high tide. ,high-`water mark 1 mark showing the highest level reached by the sea or by flood waters 高水位线（标明海水或洪水所达到的最高水位）. 2 (fig 比喻) highest point of achievement 成就的顶点. ,high `wire high tightrope 紧的绳索.

highball
[5haibC:l; 5hai7bCl] n (US) drink of spirits mixed with soda water, ginger ale, etc and served with ice in a tall glass 混有汽水、 姜汁麦芽酒等的酒精饮料（加有冰块, 盛於高杯内）.

highboy
[5haibCi; 5hai7bCi] n (US) = tallboy (tall).

highbrow
[5haibrau; 5hai7brau] n (often derog 常作贬义) person who has or is thought to have superior intellectual and cultural tastes 博学而兴趣高雅的人; 风雅之士. > highbrow adj: * highbrow drama, books,interests 格调高雅的戏剧、 书籍、 兴趣. Cf 参看 lowbrow,middle-brow (middle).

highlight
[5hailait; 5hai7lait] n 1 best, most interesting or most exciting part of something 最有意思或最精采的部分: * The highlight of our tour was seeing the palace. 我们旅游中最有意思的活动就是参观宫殿. * The highlights of the match will be shown on TV tonight. 比赛的最精采场面将在今晚的电视节目中播放. 2 (usu pl 通常作复数) (a) light or bright part of a picture, photograph, etc （绘画、 摄影等作品中的）光亮部分, 亮部. (b) bright tint in the hair 头发上有光泽的浅色. 派生： highlight v [Tn] 1 give special attention to (sth); emphasize 对（某事物）予以特别的注意; 强调: a TV programme highlighting the problems of the unemployed 着重反映失业问题的电视节目. 2 bleach or tint (parts of the hair) so that it reflects the light 将（部分头发）染成浅色使之有光泽. highlighter n marker pen used to draw attention to a written or printed word by covering it with a transparent colouring （作记号用的）亮光笔.

highly
[5haili; 5haili] adv 1 to an unusually great extent; very 高度地; 非常: * a highly amusing film 非常有趣的影片 * be highly probable, contagious, inflammable 极有可能、 易传染、 易燃烧 * The goods on display are all very highly priced. 所展出的物品都是非常昂贵的. 2 very favourably 极为赞许: * think highly of sb, ie have a high opinion of sb 极其赞赏某人 * speak highly of sb, ie praise sb 称赞某人. 复合： ,highly-`strung adj (of a person) very sensitive and nervous; easily upset （指人）十分敏感的, 紧张不安的, 容易激动的.

highness
[5hainis; 5hainis] n [C] (usu 通常作 Highness) title used in speaking to or of a member of the royal family 殿下, 阁下（用作对皇室成员的尊称）: * His/Her/Your Royal Highness 殿下（或阁下） * Their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of Kent 肯特公爵和公爵夫人阁下.

highway
[5haiwei; 5hai7we] n 1 (esp US) main public road 公路; 交通要道. 2 direct route by air, sea or land （空中、 水上或陆上的）直接航线或路线: * (fig 比喻) We are on the highway to progress. 我们在走向进步. 复合： ,Highway `Code (Brit) set of official rules for users of public roads; book containing these 公路法规（汇编）. =>Usage at road 用法见road. `highwayman[-mEn; -mEn] n (pl -men[-mEn; -7mEn] ) (formerly) man, usu armed and on horseback, who robbed travellers on public roads （旧时）拦路抢劫的强盗（通常骑马持械）.

hijack
[5haidVAk; 5hai7dVAk] v [Tn] 1 seize control of (a vehicle, esp an aircraft) in order to force it to go to a new destination, to take its passengers hostage or to steal its cargo 劫持（交通工具, 尤指飞行器）: * The plane was highjacked while on a flight to Delhi. 该机在飞往德里的途中遭到劫持. 2 steal (goods) from a vehicle 抢劫（载运中的货物）. 派生： hijack n instance of hijacking 劫持交通工具之事件. hijacker n person who hijacks a vehicle 劫持交通工具的人. hijacking n [C, U]: prevent (a) hijacking 防止（一场）劫持事件.

hike
[haik; haik] n 1 long walk, esp in the country, taken for pleasure or exercise 远足, 徒步旅行（尤指在乡间进行者）: * go on a ten-mile hike 作一次十英里的徒步旅行. Cf 参看 ramble 1. 2 (infml 口) rise in prices, costs, etc （价格、 价值等的）提高, 增加: * The union demands a 7% wage hike. 工会要求提高工资7%. 派生： hike v 1 [I] go for a long walk 作远足旅行; 作徒步旅行: a hiking holiday 作远足活动的假日. 2 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) (infml 口) (esp US) raise (prices, etc) 提高（价格等）: hike(up) an insurance claim 提高保险索赔金额. hiker n person who hikes 远足者; 徒步旅行者.

hilarious
[hi'leEriEs; hE'leriEs] adj (a) extremelyamusing; very funny 十分有趣的; 非常滑稽的: * a hilarious account of their camping holiday 对他们在假日里进行野营活动的引人入胜的记述. (b) noisily merry 欢闹的: * a hilarious party 狂欢会. 派生： hilariously adv: be hilariously funny 滑稽可笑. hilarity/hi'lArEti; hE'lArEti] n [U] loud laughter; great amusement 欢笑; 狂欢: * The announcement was greeted with much hilarity and mirth. 这一项宣布引起了热烈的欢呼声.

hill
billy

hillock
[5hilEk; 5hilEk] n small hill; mound 小丘; 土墩.

hilt
[hilt; hilt] n 1 handle of a sword, dagger, etc （刀剑、 匕首等的）柄. =>illus at sword 见sword插图. 2 (idm 习语) (up) to the `hilt completely 完全地; 彻底地: * be up to the hilt in debt 债台高 * be mortgaged up to the hilt, ie have an extremely high mortgage 抵押到极高的数额 * I'll support you to the hilt. 我完全支持你.

him
[him; him] pers pron 人称代词 (used as the object of a v or of a prep; also used independently or after be 用作动词或介词的宾语, 亦可单独使用或用於be之後) male person or animal mentioned earlier or being observed now 他; 它（用以指雄性动物）: * When did you see him? 你是什麽时候看见他的? * I'm taller than him. 我比他高. * (infml 口) That's him over there. 那边那个人就是他. * Oh, not `him again! 噢, 可别再是他了! =>Usage at he 用法见he.

himself
[him'self; him'self] reflex, emph pron 反身、 强调代词 (only taking the main stress when used emphatically 只在强调时才读主要重音) 1 (reflex 反身) (used when the male doer of an action is also affected by it 用作男性或雄性的反身代词): * He `cut himself. 他割伤了自己. * Peter ought to be a`shamed of himself. 彼得应该感到惭愧. 2 (emph 强调) (used to emphasize the male subject or object of a sentence 用以加强句中男性或雄性主语或宾语的语气): * The doctor said so him`self. 医生亲口这样说的. * Did you see the manager him`self? 你见到经理本人了吗? 3 (idm 习语) (all) by him`self (a) alone （他）单独地, 独自地: * He lives all by himself in that large house. 他独自一人住在那所大房子里. (b) without help （他）独力地: * John managed to repair his car by himself. 约翰设法独力修理自己的汽车. =>Usage at he 用法见he.

hind
1[haind; haind] adj 1 (of things in pairs) situated at the back （指成对的事物）後面的, 在後的: * a dog's hind legs 狗的後腿. Cf 参看 fore1. 2 (idm 习语) on one's hind `legs (joc 谑) on one's feet; standing 站着; 站立: * Get up on your hind legs and do some work! 站起来干点活儿吧! talk the hind legs off a donkey => talk2. 派生： `hindmost adj (dated 旧) 1 furthest behind 最後面的. 2 (idm 习语) the devil take the hindmost => devil1. 复合： ,hind`quarters n [pl] back parts of a four-legged animal including the back legs （四腿动物的）臀部和後腿. =>illus at horse 见horse插图.

hinder
[5hindE(r); 5hindl] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (from sth/doing sth) prevent the progress of sb/sth; obstruct or delay sb/sth 阻碍、 妨碍某人[某事物]的进展; 阻挠或耽搁某人[某事物]: * hinder sb (from working) 妨碍某人（工作） * hinder sb in his work 阻挠某人的工作 * Production was hindered by lack of materials. 由於缺乏原料, 生产陷於停顿.

Hindi
[5hindi:; 5hindi] adj, n [U] (of) one of the official languages of India, spoken esp in N India 印地语（印度官方语言之一, 主要通行印度北部）; 印地语的.

hindrance
[5hindrEns; 5hindrEns] n 1 ~ (to sth/sb) thing or person that hinders 起妨碍作用的事物或人: * Some kitchen gadgets are more of a hindrance than a help. 有些灵巧的炊具非但没有用处反而碍事. 2 (idm 习语) without let or hindrance => let3.

hindsight
[5haindsait; 5haind7sait] n [U] wisdom about an event after it has occurred 事後的觉悟; 事後的聪明: * We failed, and with (the benefit of) hindsight I now see where we went wrong. 我们失利了, 事後一想, 我终於明白了错在哪里. Cf 参看 foresight.

Hindu
[7hin'du:; - 'hindu:; 5hindu] n person, esp of N India, whose religion is Hinduism 印度人; （尤指印度北部的）印度斯坦人（信奉印度教）. 派生： Hindu adj of the Hindus 印度人的; 印度斯坦人的. Hinduism[5hindu:izEm; 5hindu7izEm] n [U] Indian religion, philosophy and social system characterized by belief in reincarnation, worship of several gods and the caste system 印度教（印度的宗教、 哲学及社会体系, 其特点为相信轮回转世, 崇拜几位天神, 实行种姓制度）.

hinge
[hindV; hindV] n piece of metal, etc on which a lid, door, or gate turns or swings as it opens and closes 铰链; 合叶: * take the door off its hinges and rehang it 把门从铰链上卸下重装 * The gate hinges need oiling they're squeaking. 大门的铰链吱吱响--该上油了. =>illus 见插图. 派生： hinge v 1 [I, Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] be attached or attach (sth) by a hinge or hinges 用铰链连接（某物）; 给（某物）装上铰链: The rear door hinges/is hinged at the top so that it opens upwards. 後面的门是在顶部铰接上的, 以便可以向上开. 2 (phr v) hinge on sth depend on sth 依赖某事物: Everything hinges on the outcome of these talks. 一切均将取决於这些会谈的结果.

hint
[hint; hint] n 1 subtle way of indicating to sb what one is thinking or what one wants; indirect suggestion 暗示; 示意; 间接的提示: * a strong, broad, gentle, delicate, etc hint 强烈的、 明白的、 轻微的、 微妙的...示意 * She coughed to give him the hint that he should go. 她咳了一声, 向他暗示他该走了. 2 slight indication; trace 细微的迹象; 线索: * There was more than a hint of sadness in his voice. 他的声音里有许多哀伤的成分. * The calm sea gave no hint of the storm that was coming. 平静的海上没有一点迹象显示暴风雨即将来临. 3 small piece of practical information or advice; tip 在实际方面给予的指点; 忠告; 注意事项: * helpful hints for plant lovers 对植物爱好者的有益忠告. 4 (idm 习语) drop a hint => drop2. take a `hint understand and do what has been indirectly suggested 领会示意并付诸行动: * I thought they'd never go some people just can't take a hint! 我以为他们是永远也不会走的--有些人根本就不明白别人的暗示. 派生： hint v [Ipr, Tn, Dn.pr, Dpr.f] ~ at sth; ~ sth (to sb) suggest sth slightly or indirectly 稍微地或间接地提及某事物: The possibility of an early election has been hinted at. 已经有迹象表明可能提前进行选举. * She has already hinted (to me) that I've won the prize. 她已经（向我）暗示说我得到了这个奖.

hinterland
[5hintElAnd; 5hintl7lAnd] n (usu sing 通常作单数) 1 area lying inland from the coast or away from a river 内陆地区; 内地; 腹地. 2 part of a country that is served by a port or some other centre （由某一港口或某些其他中心城市供应物资的）内陆贸易区.

hip
1[hip; hip] n part on either side of the body below the waist where the bone of a person's leg is joined to the trunk 臀部; 髋部: * He stood with his hands on his hips. 他两手叉腰站立着. * I'm quite wide round/in the hips. 我的臀部很大. * break one's hip, ie break the top of one's thigh-bone 股骨端部折断. * [attrib 作定语] the hip-bone 髋骨 * one's hip measurement 臀部的尺寸. 派生： -hipped (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having hips of the specified size, shape, etc 有某种尺寸、 形状等之臀部的: a large-hipped girl. 复合： `hip-bath n portable tub in which one sits immersed up to the hips 轻便浴盆（坐入後臀部浸於水中）. `hip-flask n small bottle for spirits, with flat or curved sides for carrying in the hip-pocket 小酒瓶（呈扁平或弧形, 可放在裤子的後袋里携带）. ,hip-`pocket n trouser pocket just behind the hips 裤子後部的口袋儿.

hippie
(also hippy)[5hipi; 5hipi] n (esp in the late 1960s) person who rejects organized society and established social habits and who joins others in adopting an unconventional way of life, style of dress, etc （尤指20世纪60年代晚期的）嬉皮士（与社会现实格格不入的人, 常成群结伙实行与众不同的生活方式、 着奇装异服等）. Cf 参看 beatnik.

hippo
[5hipEu; 5hipo] n (pl ~s) (infml 口) = hippopotamus.

Hippocratic oath
[7hipEkrAtik 'EuW; 7hipE7krAtik 'oW] oath to observe the medical code of ethical and professional behaviour, sworn by doctors when they become qualified 医生在取得行医资格时保证遵守医生道德守则的誓言.

hippodrome
[5hipEdrEum; 5hipE7drom] n 1 (esp in names) dance-hall or music-hall; theatre or cinema （尤用於专名）舞厅或音乐厅, 剧院或电影院: * the Brighton Hippodrome 布赖顿剧院. 2 (in ancient Greece orRome) course for horse or chariot races （古希腊或古罗马）赛马埸, 战车竞赛埸.

hippopotamus
[7hipE'pCtEmEs; 7hipE'patEmEs] n (pl -muses[-mEsiz; -mEsiz] or -mi[-mai; -mai] ) (also hippo) large African river animal with short legs and thick dark skin 河马（产於非洲）. =>illus 见插图.

hippy
= hippie.

hire
[5haiE(r); hair] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth/sb (from sb) obtain the use of sth or the services of sb temporarily and esp for a short period of time, in return for payment 租用（某物）; 雇用（某人）: * hire a bicycle, hall, wedding-dress 租自行车、 礼堂、 结婚礼服 * a hired car 租用的汽车 * a hired assassin 受雇的刺客 * hire a dozen men to dig a ditch 雇十二个人挖沟. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (out) (to sb) allow the temporary use of sth, in return for payment 出租某物: * We hire out our vans by the day, ie at a cost of a certain amount per day. 我们按日出租客货车（按日计租）. =>Usage at let2 用法见let2. 派生： hire n [U] 1 hiring 租用; 雇用; 出租: have the hire of a car for a week 租用汽车一星期 * bicycles for hire, 1 an hour 自行车出租, 每小时1英镑 * pay for the hire of a hall 付会堂租金 * This suit is on hire. 这套衣服是供租用的. * [attrib 作定语] a car hire firm 汽车出租公司 * a hire car 供租用的汽车. 2 payment for hiring sth/sb 租金; 工钱: work for hire 当雇工. 3 (idm 习语) ply for hire => ply2. hireable[5haiErEbl; 5hairEbl] adj (of an object) that may be hired （指物件）出租的, 可租用的. hireling[5haiEliN; 5hairliN] n (usu derog 通常作贬义) person whose services may be hired 可被雇用的人. 复合： ,hired `hand (US) person hired to work as a labourer on a farm （农场的）雇工. ,hire-`purchase n [U] (Brit) (abbr 缩写 hp) (US in`stalment plan) method of purchase by which the buyer pays for an article in instalments, is allowed to use it immediately and becomes the owner of it after a certain number of instalments have been paid 分期付款购买方式: We're buying a TV on hire-purchase. 我们以分期付款方式购买一台电视机. * [attrib 作定语] a hire-purchase agreement 分期付款购物协议.

hirsute
[5hE:sju:t; - -su:t; 5hEsut] adj (fml 文) (esp of a man) covered with hair; hairy; shaggy （尤指男子）多毛发的, 毛发蓬乱的: * (joc 谑) You're looking very hirsute, Richard are you growing a beard? 理查德, 瞧你一脸的胡子--是不是在留胡子了?

his
[hiz; hiz] 见词条使用详细说明 6.2. possess det of or belonging to a male person or animal mentioned earlier 他的; 它的（用於雄性动物）: * James has sold his car. 詹姆斯把汽车卖了. * He claims it was `his idea. 他声称这是他的主意. * His speech on unemployment was well received. 他那关於失业问题的演讲受到了欢迎. 派生： his possess pron of or belonging to him 他的; 它的（用於雄性动物）: My address is No 22 Laburnum Close so his must be No 26. 我的地址是拉布耐姆巷22号, 所以他的地址一定是26号. * Learning to ski has always been an ambition of his. 他一直渴望滑雪. =>Usage at he 用法见he.

Hispanic
[hi'spAnik; his'pAnik] adj 1 of Spain and Portugal 西班牙和葡萄牙的. 2 of Spain and other Spanish-speaking countries 西班牙及其他说西班牙语国家的.

hiss
[his; his] v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (at sb/sth) make a sound like that of a long `s' 发出‘嘶’声: * The steam escaped with a loud hissing noise. 蒸汽发出很大的嘶嘶声冒了出 来. * A fire hisses if water is thrown on it. 把水浇到火上, 火就发出嘶嘶声. * The goose hissed at me angrily. 那鹅愤怒地向我发出嘶嘶声. 2 (a) [Ipr, Tn] ~ (at) sb/sth make this sound to show disapproval of sb/sth 发嘘声（表示不赞成或不满意某人[某事物]）: * hiss (at) a new play 向一出新戏发出嘘声. (b) [Tn] say (sth) with an angry hissing voice 带着愤怒的嘶嘶声说出（某事）: * `Stay away from me!’ she hissed. ‘去你的吧!’她带着愤怒的嘶嘶声嚷道. 3 (phr v) hiss sb off (sth) (of an audience) force (a performer or speaker) to leave (the stage, etc) by hissing in disapproval （指观众或听众）用嘘声把（演出者或演讲者）轰下（台等）: * The politician was hissed off (the platform). 人们用嘘声把那政客轰下了台. 派生： hiss n hissing sound ‘嘶’声; 嘘声: The crowd greeted the performers with boos and hisses. 观众向演出者发出一片嘘声.

histamine
[5histEmi:n; 5histEmin] n [U] (medical 医) chemical compound that is present in all body tissues and causes (usu unpleasant) reactions in people with certain allergies 组胺.

histogram
[5histEgrAm; 5histE7grAm] n = bar chart (bar1).

histology
[hi'stClEdVi; hi'stalEdVi] n [U] scientific study of animal and plant tissues 组织学.

historian
[hi'stC:riEn or, rarely 罕读作 i's-; his'tCriEn] n person who studies or writes about history 历史学家; 史学工作者.

historic
[ hI5stCrIk or, rarely 罕读作 I5s-; ?@ -5stR:r-; hIs`tRrIk] adj famous or important in history 历史上着名的或重要的: * the historic spot on which the first pilgrims landed in America 初期的英国移民登上美洲大陆的具有历史意义的地点 * This is a(n) historic occasion, ie will be regarded as a significant event in history. 这是具有重大历史意义的时刻. * historic times, ie those of which the history is known and recorded 有历史记载的时期. 复合： his,toric `present (grammar) simple present tense used when describing events in the past to make the description more vivid 历史现在时态（在叙述过去的事情时, 为求生动而使用的现在时态）.

historical
[ hI5stCrIkl or, rarely 罕读作 I5s-; ?@ -5stR:r-; hIs`tRrIkl] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] 1 concerning past events 历史（上）的: * historical records, research 历史记载、 研究. 2 based on the study of history 以对历史的研究为基础的; 依据历史科学的: * We have no historical evidence for it. 我们缺乏可以证明这一点的史学根据. * It's a historical fact. 这是历史事实. 3 (a) that have actually occurred or existed (as contrasted with legend or fiction) 真实的, 有史可稽的（别於传说或虚构的故事）: * historical (ie real, not imaginary) events, people 历史上的（即真实的, 非虚构的）事件、 人物. (b) (of a book, film, etc) dealing with real events in history （指书、 影片等）历史题材的: * a historical novel 历史小说. > historically[-kli; -kli] adv: * The book is historically inaccurate. 该书内容与史实不符.

history
[5histri; 5histri] n 1 (a) [U] study of past events, esp the political, social and economic development of a country, a continent or the world 历史学: * a student of Russian history 俄国史学者 * ancient/medieval/modern history 古代[中古/近代]史. (b) this as a subject at school or university 历史（课程）: * a degree in history and geography 历史和地理学位 * [attrib 作定语] my history teacher 我们的历史老师. 2 [U] past events, esp when considered as a whole 历史（尤指将过去的事件作为整体看待时）: * Throughout history men have waged war. 自有历史以来就有战争. * a people with no sense of history 没有历史感的民族. 3 [C] systematic description of past events 历史（对过去事件的系统叙述）: * writing a new history of Europe 撰写一部新的欧洲史 * [attrib 作定语] Shakespeare's history plays 莎士比亚的历史剧. 4 [C usu sing 通常作单数] series of past events or experiences connected with an object, a person or a place （某物的）来历; （某人的）经历; （某地的）沿革: * This house has a strange history. 这所房子有一段奇怪的来历. * sb's medical history, ie record of his past illnesses 某人的病历（其过去患病的纪录） * There is a history of heart disease in my family. 我家有患心脏病的家族病史. *He has a history of violent crime. 他有暴力犯罪的记录.5 [U] (infml 口) fact, event, etc that is no longer relevant or important 不复相关或不再重要的事实、 事件等: * They had an affair once, but that's ancient history now. 他们曾经有过一段暧昧关系, 但现在那已成为遥远的过去了. 6 (idm 习语) make/go down in `historybe or do sth so important or unusual that it will be recorded in history 成为或开创历史的新篇章: * a discovery that made medical history 载入医学史册的重大发现.

histrionic
[7histri5Cnik; 7histri5anik] adj 1 (usu derog 通常作贬义) very theatrical in manner; excessively dramatic; affected 做作的; 过分戏剧化的; 不自然的: * histrionic behaviour 装腔作势. 2 (fml 文) of acting or the theatre 表演的; 戏剧的: * her histrionic talents 她的表演天才. 派生： histrionically[-kli; -kli] adv (usu derog 通常作贬义): * wave one's arms around histrionically 装模作样地朝各方挥动手臂. histrionics n [pl] (usu derog 通常作贬义) theatrical manners or behaviour, esp when exaggerated in order to impress others 装腔作势的态度或举止（尤指为表现自己）: indulge in histrionics 一味装腔作势.

hit
1[hit; hit] v (-tt-, pt, pp hit) 1 (a) [I, Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.n] ~ sb/sth (with sth) strike sb/sth with a blow, missile, etc 打、 打击、 击中或命中某人[某物]: * hit the nail with the hammer 用锤子钉钉子 * She hit him on the head with a book. 她用书打他的头. * I was hit by a falling stone. 我被落下的石块击中了. * The car was hit by a grenade. 把汽车打中了. * He's been hit (ie wounded) in the leg by a sniper's bullet. 狙击手的子弹打伤了他的腿部. * All her shots hit the target. 她射击全部命中目标. * (fig 比喻) The family likeness really hits you, ie is very noticeable. 这家人彼此相像之处, 一眼就能看出来. * He hit himself a nasty blow on the head. 他的脑袋撞得这一下很重. (b) [Tn] come against (sth/sb) with force 撞、 撞击或碰撞（某物[某人]）: * The lorry hit the lamp-post with a crash. 卡车緋的一声撞到路灯柱上了. (c) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (on/against sth) knock (part of the body) against sth 使（身体部位）磕碰某物: * He hit his forehead (against the wall) as he fell. 他摔倒时, 额头磕着了（墙）. =>Usage 见所附用法. 2 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] drive (a ball, etc) forward by striking it with a bat or club （用球拍或球棒）击（球等）: * hit a ball over the fence 把球击过围栏. (b) [Tn] (in cricket) score (runs) in this way （板球）击球得分: * He's already hit two sixes, ie scored two boundaries worth six runs each. 他已经击中球获两个六分（两次击球到边界线, 每次得六分）. 3 [Tn] have a bad or sudden effect on (a person, thing or place); cause to suffer; affect 对（某人、 某事物或某地）产生不良的或意外的影响; 使痛若; 殃及: * How will the new law hit the unemployed? 新颁布的法令将使失业者遭受什麽样的打击? * The rent increase will hit the pockets of the poor. 租金的提高将加重穷人的负担. * Rural areas have been worst hit by the strike. 受罢工影响最严重的是乡村地区.

hit1
* News of the disaster hit the Stock Exchange around noon. 大约中午时分, 发生灾祸的消息引起了股票市场的动荡. 4 [Tn] (a) find (sth sought), esp by chance 发现（所寻之物, 尤指无意之中）: * Follow the footpath and you'll eventually hit the road. 沿这条小径走终究会见到大路的. (b) (infml 口) arrive in or at (a place) 到达（某地）; 在（某地）: * When does the new show hit town? 新戏什麽时候可在城里演出? (c) achieve (sth); reach 达到（某事物）; 至: * I can't hit the high notes. 我唱不了高音. * The yen hit a record high in trading today. 在今日的交易中, 日元已升值到历史的最高水平. 5 [Tn] (infml 口) encounter (sth); experience 遇到（某事物）; 经历: * If you go now, you're likely to hit the rush hour. 你要是现在走, 可能正赶上交通拥挤的时刻. * hit a snag, problem, etc 遇到障碍、 问题等 * Everything was going well but then we hit trouble. 起初一切都进行得很顺利, 可是後来我们遇到了麻烦. 6 [Tn] (infml 口) attack (sb/sth); raid 攻击（某人[某事物]）; 袭击: * hit the enemy when they least expect it 乘敌不备时予以攻击. 7 (idm 习语) hit the `bottle (infml 口) drink too much alcohol regularly 经常酗酒: * After she died he began to hit the bottle. 她死之後, 他开始酗酒. hit the `ceiling/`roof (infml 口) become suddenly very angry 勃然大怒. Cf 参看 go through the roof (roof). hit the `deck (US infml 口) (a) fall to the ground 落到地上; 摔倒在地. (b) get out of bed 起床. (c) get ready for action 准备行动. hit/knock sb for six deal a severe blow to sb; affect deeply 给予某人以沉重打击; 使深受影响: * He was knocked completely for six by his sudden dismissal. 他突然遭解雇因而受到沉重的打击. hit sb/sth `hard affect sb/sth badly 对某人[某事物]产生不利的影响: * Television has hit the cinema industry very hard. 电视的出现沉重地打击了电影业. * Old people are hardest hit by the rising cost of living. 生活费用上升, 老年人最受影响. hit the `hay/`sack (infml 口) go to bed 上床睡觉; 就寝. hit/make/reach the headlines => headlines

hit2
(head1). hit/strike home => home3. hit sb in the `eye be very obvious to sb 对某人来说是显而易见的. hit it = hit the nail on the head. hit it `off (with sb) (infml 口) have a good and harmonious relationship (with sb); get on well （与某人）关系良好; 和睦相处. hit the `jackpot make a lot of money unexpectedly 意外地得到一大笔钱. hit/kick a man when he's down => man. hit/miss the mark => mark1. hit the nail on the `head express the truth precisely; guess correctly 一针见血; 猜中. hit/touch a nerve => nerve. hit/strike the right/wrong note => note1. hit the `road; esp US hit the `trail (infml 口) start on a journey 上路; 出发. 8 (phr v) hit at sb/sth aim a blow at sb/sth 对准某人[某物]打去. hit back (at sb/sth) reply forcefully to (esp verbal) attacks; retaliate 反击（尤指言语方面）; 报复: * In a TV interview she hit back at her critics. 她在接受电视采访时, 反驳了那些批评者的观点. hit sb/sth off (infml 口) describe sb/sth briefly and accurately (in words) （用言语或文字）简洁而精确地描述某人[某事物]. hit on/upon sth think up (a plan, solution, etc) unexpectedly and by inspiration; find sth by luck 偶然地、 灵机一动地想出（方案、 解决办法等）; 无意中发现某事物: * She hit upon a good title for her new novel. 她突然灵机一动, 为自己的新小说想出了一个很好的书名. hit out (at sb/sth) attack sb/sth vigorously or violently with words or blows 猛烈抨击或打击某人[某事物]: * In a rousing speech the President hit out against the trade union. 主席在一次言辞激烈的讲话中对工会进行了严厉的批评. not know what hit one => know. 复合： ,hit-and-`run adj [attrib 作定语] (a) (of a motorist) causing an accident and driving away immediately so as not to be identified （指机动车驾驶人）肇事後逃走的. (b) (of a road accident) caused by a driver who does not stop to help, call an ambulance, etc （指交通事故）驾驶人肇事後不顾而去的.

hit3
,hit-or-`miss (also ,hit-and-`miss) adj done haphazardly or carelessly; liable to error; random 偶然做出的; 漫不经心的; 容易出错的; 随意的: Long-term planning is always rather a hit-or-miss affair. 凡是定长远的计画都难免出偏差. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Hit is used in a more general way than strike or beat. *hit比strike或beat用得广. A person, an animal or a thing can be hit by a hand or by an object held or thrown. 用手、 用手执物或投掷物击打人、 动物或物品均可为hit. *When used with this meaning, strike is more formal than hit. 在用於以上意义时, strike比hit较为文雅. One can hit or strike a person with the intention of hurting them 这两个词均可表示有意地伤害对方: She hit/struck him hard on the face. 她用力地打他耳光. One can also hit or strike a person or thing accidentally 这两个词还可以表示施之於人或物的意外的动作: The car hit/struck a lamp-post. 汽车撞到路灯柱上了. In addition we can hit or strike things with a purpose 此外, 可用hit或strike表示含有某目的而击打物品: hit/strike a nail with a hammer 用锤子钉钉子. Beat means `hit repeatedly'. *beat意为‘接连地打’. We cannot beat people or things accidentally 不可用beat表示意外地施於人或物的动作: He was beaten to death by thugs. 他被暴徒殴打致死. * beat eggs, a carpet, a drum 打蛋、 拍打地毯、 击鼓.

hither
[5hiTE(r); 5hiTl] adv 1 (arch 古) to or towards this place 到此处; 向此处. 2 (idm 习语) ,hither and `thither in various directions 到处; 各处; 四面八方:blown hither and thither by the wind 被风刮得到处都是的.

hitherto
[7hiTE'tu:; 7hiTl'tu] adv (fml 文) until now 迄今; 至今: * a woman referred to hitherto as Mrs X 迄今称之为X夫人的女子 * a hitherto unknown species of moth 至今尚不知属何种类的蛾.

HIV
[7eitF ai 'vi:; 5etF7ai'vi] abbr 缩写 = human immunodeficiency virus (the virus that causes AIDS) 人体免疫缺损病毒（艾滋病病毒）: * HIV positive 人体免疫缺损病毒检验呈阳性反应.

hive
[haiv; haiv] n 1 (a) (also `beehive) box or other container for bees to live in 蜂箱; 蜂房. =>illus at bee 见bee插图. (b) bees living in a hive 蜂房内的蜂群. 2 place full of busy people 人群纷纷攘攘的地方; 繁忙的场所: * a hive of activity/industry 喧闹的活动场所[繁忙的工业区]. 派生： hive v 1 [Tn] place (bees) in a hive 使（蜂群）进入蜂箱: hive a swarm 把一群蜜蜂引入蜂箱. 2 [I] (of bees) enter or live in a hive （指蜂群）进入蜂箱, 集居於蜂箱内. 3 (phr v) hive off become separate from a large group; form an independent body 从一大的组织中分离出来; 建立独立的单位. hive sth off (to/into sth) transfer (work) to another section or firm; make (part of an organization) independent 将（工作）转移到其他部门或机构办理; 使（机构的某部分）独立: hive off parts of a nationalized industry to private ownership 将部分国营工业私有化.

hiya
[5haijE; 5haijE] interj (US infml 口) (used as a greeting 用作招呼语).

HM
abbr 缩写 = Her/His Majesty 陛下（用於他称）: HM the Queen 女王陛下.

HMG
abbr 缩写 = Her/His Majesty's Government 女王[国王]陛下政府: (infml 口) HMG should be kept informed. 须经常向女王陛下政府报告情况.

HMI
[7eitF em 'ai; 7etF em 'ai] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Her/His Majesty's Inspector (of schools) 皇家督学: * a visit from (the) HMI 督学所进行的视察.

HMS
[7eitF em 'es; 7etF em 'es] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) (for warships only) Her/His Majesty's Ship （仅用於战舰）皇家海军舰艇: * HMS Apollo 皇家海军阿波罗号. Cf 参看 USS.

HMSO
[7eitF em es 'Eu; 7etF em es 'o] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Her/His Majesty's Stationery Office 皇家文书局.

HNC
[7eitF en 'si:; 7etF en 'si] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Higher National Certificate (a qualification recognized by many UK technical and professional bodies) 国家高级合格证书: * have the HNC in electrical engineering 执有电机工程的国家高级合格证书 * go on/do an HNC course 为获国家高级合格证书学习必修课程.

HND
[7eitF en 'di:; 7etF en 'di] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Higher National Diploma (a qualification in technical subjects equal to a bachelor's degree without honours) 国家高等技术教育毕业文凭: * have the HND in fashion design 执有时装设计的国家高等技术教育毕业文凭 * go on/do an HND course 为获得国家高等技术教育证书学习必修课程.

ho
[hEu; ho] interj 1 (used to express surprise, scorn, admiration, amusement, etc 用以表示惊奇、 嘲笑、 赞美、 欢愉等) 2 (used to draw attention to sth 用以引起对某事物的注意): * Land ho! 啊, 陆地!

hoar
frost

hoard
[hC:d; hCrd] n carefully collected and guarded store of money, food or other treasured objects （钱财、 食物或其他珍贵物品的）储藏, 积存: * a miser's hoard 守财奴储藏的财宝 * a squirrel's hoard of nuts 松鼠储藏的坚果. 派生： hoard v [I, Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) collect (sth in quantity) and store it away 积聚并储藏（某物）: People found hoarding (food) during the famine were punished. 在 荒时期屯积（食物）的人受到了惩罚. * hoard up treasure 储藏财宝. hoarder n person who hoards 贮藏者.

hoarding
[5hC:diN; 5hCrdiN] n 1 (Brit) (US `billboard) large board used for displaying advertisements 大广告牌. 2 temporary fence of light boards around a building site, etc 建 工地等周围用轻木板临时搭起的围栏.

hoarse
[hC:s; hCrs] adj (a) (of the voice) sounding rough and harsh （指嗓音）粗哑的, 嘶哑的. (b) (of a person) having a hoarse voice （指人）声音沙哑的: * Heshouted himself hoarse. 他把嗓子都喊哑了. > hoarselyadv. hoarseness n [U].

hoary
[5hC:ri; 5hCri] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 (also hoar) (esp of hair) grey or white with age （尤指毛发）因年老而变灰或变白的. 2 very old 古老的; 陈旧的: * a hoary old joke 老掉牙的笑话. > hoariness n [U].

hoax
[hEuks; hoks] n mischievous trick played on sb for a joke 恶作剧; 戏弄: * The fire-brigade answered the emergency call but there was no fire it was all a hoax. 消防队接到报警电话後采取了行动, 但是并没有火灾--这完全是一场恶作剧. * [attrib 作定语] a hoax phone call 恶作剧的电话. 派生： hoax v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (into doing sth) deceive sb as a joke 开玩笑骗某人; 戏弄某人: I was hoaxed into believing their story. 我上了当, 还以为他们的玩笑是真的呢. hoaxer n.

hob
nob

hobble
[5hCbl; 5habl] v 1 [I, Ipr, Ip] walk with difficulty because the feet or legs hurt or are disabled; walk lamely; limp 跛行; 蹒跚; 一瘸一拐地走: * The old man hobbled along (the road) with the aid of his stick. 那老汉拄着拐杖一瘸一拐地走着. =>Usage at shuffle 用法见shuffle. 2 [Tn] tie together two legs of (a horse, etc) to prevent it from going far away 捆 （马等）之两腿（以防走失）. 派生： hobble n [sing] limping way of walking 跛行; 蹒跚.

hobby
horse

hobgoblin
[hCb'gCblin; 5hab7gablin] n (in folklore) mischievous little creature; ugly and evil spirit; goblin （民间传说中的）淘气的小妖精, 鬼怪, 妖怪.

hobnail
[5hCbneil; 5hab7nel] n short nail with a heavy head used for the soles of heavy shoes （钉在笨重靴鞋底部的）平头钉: * [attrib 作定语] hobnail boots 带有平头钉的靴子. 派生： hobnailed adj (of boots, etc) fitted with hobnails （指靴等）装有平头钉的.

hobo
[5hEubEu; 5hobo] n (pl ~s or ~es[-bEuz; -boz] ) (esp US) (a) unemployed worker who wanders from place to place 流动的失业工人; 无业游民. (b) tramp; vagrant 流浪者; 漂泊者.

Hobson's choice
[7hCbsnz 'tFCis; 5habsnz'tFCis] situation in which a person must accept what is offered because there is no alternative other than taking nothing at all 无可选择的选择; 没有选择馀地的局面.

hock
1[hCk; hak] n middle joint of an animal's hind leg 跗关节. =>illus at horse 见horse插图.

hockey
[5hCki; 5haki] n [U] 1 (Brit) (US usu 美式英语通常作 `field hockey) game played on a field by two teams of eleven players each, with curved sticks and a small hard ball 曲棍球. =>illus 见插图. 2 (US) = ice hockey (ice). 复合： `hockey stick 1 long stick curved at the bottom, used to hit the ball in hockey 曲棍球球棍. 2 (idm 习语) jolly hockey sticks => jolly.

hocus
pocus

hod
[hCd; had] n 1 light open box attached to a pole, used by builders for carrying bricks, etc on the shoulder （建 工人挑砖等用的连在扁担上的）轻便无盖挂斗. 2 container for coal used in the home; coal-scuttle （家用）煤斗; 煤桶.

hodgepodge
= hotchpotch.

hoe
[hEu; ho] n long-handled tool with a blade, used for loosening the soil and removing weeds 耘锄. 派生： hoe v (pres p hoeing, pt, pp hoed) (a) [Tn] loosen (ground) with a hoe 用耘锄整（地）: hoe the soil, the flower beds, etc 松土、 平整花坛. (b) [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) remove (weeds) with a hoe 用锄除（草）. (c) [Tn] remove weeds from around (crops, plants, etc) with a hoe 用锄为（庄稼、 花草等）除去周围的杂草: hoeing the lettuces 锄去生菜周围的杂草.

hog
[hCg; - hC:g; hCg] n 1 pig reared for meat, esp a castrated male pig 猪（供食用的, 尤指阉过的公猪）. Cf 参看 boar, sow1. 2 (infml 口) selfish or greedy person 自私的或贪婪的人. 3 (idm 习语) go the whole hog => whole. 派生： hog (-gg-) [Tn] (infml 口) take more than one's fair share of (sth); use (sth) selfishly, excluding others 多占（某事物）; 自私地占用（某物）: hog (the middle of) the road, ie drive near the middle of the road so that others cannot overtake 占路（中）（即紧挨道路中线驾驶使其他车辆无法超越） * hog the bathroom, ie spend a long time in it preventing others from using it 占用浴室（使别人无法使用） * hog the fire, ie sit in front of it so that others do not feel the heat 霸占烤火位置（坐的位置挡住他人烤火） * Stop hogging the biscuits and pass them round! 别把持着饼乾不放, 传给大家! hoggish adj greedy and selfish 自私而贪婪的. 复合： `hog-wash n [U] nonsense; bilge 胡说; 废话.

hogmanay
[5hCgmEnei; 7hagmE'ne] n (usu 通常作 Hogmanay) (Scot 苏格兰) last day of the year and the celebrations that occur on it, esp in Scotland 除夕（尤指苏格兰的）.

hogshead
[5hCgzhed; - 'hC:g-; 5hCgz7hed] n 1 large barrel for beer 大啤酒桶. 2 liquid or dry measure, about 50 gallons in Britain, 62 gallons in the US 液量或乾量单位（在英国约合50加仑, 在美国约合62加仑）.

hoi polloi
[7hCi pE'lCi; 5hCipE'lCi] [pl] the hoi polloi (derog 贬) the common people; the masses 民众; 老百姓; 乌合之众.

hoick
[hCik; hCik] v [Tn.pr, Tn.p] (infml 口) lift or bring (sth) in the specified direction, esp with a jerk 提起或拉动（某物）（尤指猛然地）: * She hoicked her bike onto the car roof. 她猛地一下把自行车举到汽车顶上. * He tried to hoick the meat out of the tin with a fork. 他试着用叉子把罐头里的肉使劲叉出来.

hoist
[hCist; hCist] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] raise (sth) by means of ropes, special apparatus, etc （用绳索、 专门器械等）提升（某物）: * hoist a flag, the sails 升旗、 帆 * hoisting crates aboard ship 将板条箱吊上船 * hoist in the boats, ie raise them from the water up to the deck 将小船从水面吊至甲板上 * The fireman hoisted the boy (up) onto his shoulders. 消防队员把那男孩举到自己的双肩上. 2 (idm 习语) (be) hoist with one's own petard/ pe5tB:d; pI`tBrd/ (be) caught or injured by what one intended as a trick for others 自食其果; 害人反害己. 派生： hoist n 1 (usu sing 通常作单数) pull or push up; lift 吊起; 举起; 提升: Give me a hoist (up), eg when climbing a wall. 往上推我一下（如爬墙时）. 2 apparatus for hoisting things 起重器械.

hoity
toity

hokum
[5hEukEm; 5hokEm] n [U] (infml 口 esp US) 1 poor or crude theatrical writing 乏味或粗劣的戏剧作品: * a piece of second-rate hokum 一个二流的乏味剧本. 2 nonsense 胡说: * talking complete hokum 废话连篇.

hold
1[hEuld; hold] v (pt, pp held/held; held] ) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] take and keep or support (sb/sth) in one's arms, hands, teeth, etc 拿住, 抓住, 抱住, 咬住, 托住, 支撑住（某人[某物]）: * The girl was holding her father's hand. 那女孩抓住她父亲的手. * The lovers held each other tight. 这一对情侣紧紧地搂抱着. * They were holding hands, ie holding each other's hands. 他们手握着手. * She was holding an umbrella. 她拿着一把伞. * She held me by the sleeve. 她抓住我的袖子. * She was holding the baby in her arms. 她抱着婴儿. * He held the rope in his teeth as he climbed the tree. 他爬树时用牙齿咬着绳子. 2 [Tn] (a) bear the weight of (sb/sth); support 承受（某人[某物]）的重量; 支承: * Is that branch strong enough to hold you/your weight? 那树枝经得住你[你的重量]吗? (b) restrain or control (sb/sth) 约束或控制（某人[某事物]）: * Try to hold the thief until the police arrive. 设法看管好这个小偷, 等警察到来. * The dam gave way; it was not strong enough to hold the flood waters. 水坝坍塌了; 它不够坚固, 挡不住洪水. 3 [Tn.pr, Tn.p, Cn.a] keep (oneself/sb/sth) in the specified position or condition 使（自己[某人/某物]）保持在某一位置或某种状况: * The wood is held in position by a clamp. 木头用钳夹固定住了. * Hold your head up. 把头抬起来. * Hold your arms out. 把手臂伸出来. * It took three nurses to hold him down while they gave him the injection. 给他打针时, 用了叁个护士才把他按住. * She held out her hand to take the rope. 她伸手去抓那根绳子. * Hold yourself still for a moment while I take your photograph. 你不要动, 我给你拍照. 4 (a) [I] remain secure or in position 保持稳定或固定: * How long will the anchor hold? 这锚能稳住多久? * I don't think the shelf will hold if we put anything else on it. 我看再放上其他东西那架子就不稳了.

hold1
(b) remain unchanged; last 持续; 维持: * How long will this fine weather hold? 这样的好天气能维持多久? * If their luck holds, they could still win the championship. 他们假若能继续交好运, 还能获得冠军. (c) continue to be true or valid 继续适用; 继续有效: * The offer I made to you last week still holds. 上星期我向你提供的建议仍然有效. * The argument still holds. 该论据仍然站得住脚. 5 [Tn] (of the wheels of a car, etc) maintain a grip of (a corner, road, etc) （指汽车等的轮子）贴紧, 咬住（拐角、 道路等）: * My new car holds the road well. 我的新汽车贴路性能很好. 6 [Tn] have enough space for (sth/sb); contain 可容纳（某物[某人]）; 包含: * This barrel holds 25 litres. 这个桶能装25升. * Will this suitcase hold all my clothes? 这只衣箱装得下我所有的衣物吗? * I don't think the car will hold you all. 我看这辆汽车坐不下你们这些人. * My brain can't hold so much information at one time. 我脑子一下子记不住这麽多信息. * (fig 比喻) Who knows what the future holds for us? 谁能知道我们未来会如何? 7 [Tn] defend (sth) against military attack; keep possession of 守卫（某物）; 据守: * hold a fort, garrison, etc 据守堡垒、 要塞等 * The town was held against frequent enemy attacks. 该城抵御了敌人一次又一次的进攻. * The Tory candidate held the seat, but with a greatly reduced majority. 保守党的候选人保住了席位, 然而在得票上所占的优势却大为减少. 8 [Tn, Cn.n] keep (sb) and not allow him to leave 拘留（某人）: * Police are holding two men in connection with last Thursday's bank robbery. 警方拘留了两名与上星期四的银行劫案有关的人. * The terrorists are holding three men hostage. 恐怖分子把叁个人扣为人质. * He was held prisoner throughout the war. 他在战争期间一直被囚禁着. 9 [Tn] have ownership of (sth); possess 握有（某事物）; 占有:

hold2
* An American conglomerate holds a major share in the company. 一家美国的大联合企业持有该公司的大部分股份. 10 [Tn] have the position of (sth); occupy 担任（某职位）; 占据: * She has now held the post of Prime Minister longer than anyone else this century. 她现在当首相任期之长在本世纪是前所未有的. * How long has he held office? 他已任职多长时间了? 11 [Tn] have (sth) as sth one has gained 获得, 博得, 赢得, 持有（某事物）: * She holds the world record for the long jump. 她保持着跳远世界纪录. 12 [Tn] keep (sb's attention or interest) by being interesting 使（某人的注意力或兴趣）不减: * A good teacher must be able to hold her pupils' attention. 优秀的教师一定能吸引住学生. 13 [Tn] have (a belief, an opinion, a view, etc) 怀有, 持有（某种信念、 见解、 观点 等）: * He holds strange views on religion. 他对宗教问题持有奇怪的看法. * I hold the view that the plan cannot work. 我认为那个计画不可行. 14 [Tf, Cn.a, Cn.t] (fml 文) believe, consider or regard 相信; 认为; 视作: * I hold that the government's economic policies are mistaken. 我认为政府的经济政策是错误的. * I hold the parents responsible for their child's behaviour. 我认为父母应对子女的行为负责. * I hold him to be a fool. 我认为他是个傻瓜. 15 [Tn] cause (a meeting, conference, etc) to take place 召开, 举行（会议、 大会等）: * The meeting will be held in the community centre. 会议将在社区活动中心举行. * We hold a general election every four or five years. 我们每四五年举行一次大选. * The Motor Show is usually held in October. 汽车展览会通常在十月份举行. 16 [Tn] (a) (of a ship or an aircraft) continue to move in (a particular direction) （指船只或飞行器）继续朝（某一方向）航行: * The ship is holding a south-easterly course. 船只继续朝东南方向航行.

hold3
(b) (of a singer) continue to sing (a note) （指歌唱者）继续唱（某音符）: * hold a high note 持续唱着高音. 17 [I, Tn] wait until the person one has telephoned is ready to speak 等对方接电话: * Mr Crowther's extension is engaged at the moment; will you hold (the line)? 克劳瑟先生的电话分机正占着线呢, 您稍等一下好吗? 18 (idm 习语) hold `good remain true or valid 仍然适用; 仍然有效: * The same argument doesn't hold good in all cases. 同一论点并非对所有情况都适用. `hold it (infml 口) (used to ask sb to wait, or not to move 用以请求某人等候或不要活动): * Hold it a second I don't think everyone's arrived yet. 稍等片刻吧--我看人还没有到齐呢. there is no holding sb sb cannot be prevented from doing sth 什麽也拦不住某人做某事: * Once she gets onto the subject of politics there's no holding her. 她一谈起政治, 就没完没了. (For other idioms containing hold, see entries for ns, adjs, etc 与hold搭配的其他习语见有关名词、 形容词等的词条, 如 hold the fort => fort; hold sb/sth dear => dear. ) 19 (phr v) hold sth against sb (infml 口) allow sth to influence one's judgement or opinion of sb 让某事物影响自己对某人的评价或看法: He's afraid that his criminal record will be held against him when he applies for jobs. 他担心自己有前科不好找工作. * I don't hold it against him that he votes Conservative. 我并不因为他投了保守党的票而对他有看法. hold `back (from sth) hesitate to act or speak because of fear or reluctance （因恐惧或不情愿而在言行上）退缩, 踌躇: She held back, not knowing how to break the terrible news. 她踌躇着, 不知该怎样宣布这一坏消息. * She held back from telling him what she thought of him. 她要把自己对他的看法告诉他, 但又觉得难以启齿. hold sb `back prevent the progress or development of sb 阻止或妨碍某人的进步或发展: Do you think that mixed-ability teaching holds the brighter children back? 你认为混合能力组教学会阻碍聪明儿童的进步吗? hold sb/sth back prevent sb/sth from advancing; control or restrain sb/sth 阻止、 阻挡、 控制或限制某人[某事物]: The police cordon was unable to hold back the crowd. 警方的警戒线阻挡不住人群.

hold4
* The dam was not strong enough to hold back the flood waters. 水坝不太坚固, 挡不住洪水. hold sth back (a) not release or grant sth; withhold sth 扣住、 保留或抑制某事物: hold back information 不走漏消息 * I think he's holding sth back; he knows more than he admits. 我认为他有所隐瞒, 他知道的比他承认的要多. (b) not express or reveal (an emotion); control sth 不表现或不流露（感情）; 抑制某事物: She just managed to hold back her anger. 她总算抑制住了自己的愤怒情绪. * He bravely held back his tears. 他强忍着不让眼泪流出来. hold sb `down control the freedom of sb; oppress sb 限制某人的自由; 压制某人: The people are held down by a vicious and repressive military regime. 人民受着凶恶而专制的军政权的压迫. hold sth `down (a) keep sth at a low level; keep sth down 使某事物保持低水平; 压住某事物: The rate of inflation must be held down. 通货膨胀率必须控制在低水平上. (b) (be competent enough to) remain in (a job) for some time （有足够的能力）保持（职位）到一定时候: He couldn't hold down a job after his breakdown. 他病倒以後, 工作也就保不住了. * What's the longest she's held down a job? 她任职时间最长的是什麽工作? hold `forth speak pompously and lengthily about sth 夸夸其谈地、 滔滔不绝地讲述某事: He loves holding forth on any subject once he has an audience. 不管是什麽问题, 只要有人听, 他就爱大发议论. hold sth/oneself in restrain, control or check sth/oneself 限制、 控制或抑制某事物[自己]: hold in one's feelings, temper, anger, etc 克制感情、 忍住脾气、 压住怒火 * He's incapable of holding himself in. 他克制不住自己的感情. hold `off (a) (of rain, a storm, etc) not occur; be delayed （指雨、 风暴等）未发生, 延迟: The rain held off just long enough for us to have our picnic. 雨一时下不起来, 我们有足够的时间吃完野餐. (b) restrain oneself from doing sth, esp attacking sb 约束自己而不做某事（尤指不攻击他人）: Let's hope the gunmen will hold off for the duration of the cease-fire. 但愿持枪歹徒在停火期间能约束自己的行动. hold sb/sth off resist (an attack or advance by sb) 阻止或挡住（某人的进攻或前进）: Though outnumbered, they held off (repeated attacks by) the enemy. 尽管寡不敌众, 他们还是抵挡住了敌人（一次又一次的进攻）. hold off sth/doing sth delay sth 推迟某事物: Could you hold off (making) your decision until next week? 你可以推迟到下星期再做决定吗?

hold5
hold `on (a) (infml 口) (usu in the imperative 通常用於祈使语气) wait or stop 等一下; 停住: Hold on a minute while I get my breath back. 停一停, 让我喘口气. (b) survive in a difficult or dangerous situation; hang on 历经危难而不死; 坚持住: They managed to hold on until help arrived. 他们设法坚持住直到有救援到来. * I don't think I can hold on much longer. 我觉得自己坚持不了多长时间了. hold sth on keep sth in position 将某物固定住: These nuts and bolts hold the wheels on. 这些螺帽和螺栓把轮子固定住了. * This knob is only held on by sellotape. 这个旋钮只是用透明胶带固定住的. hold on (to sb/sth) keep grasping or gripping sb/sth; not let go of sb/sth 抓住或握住某人[某物]: He held on (to the rock) to stop himself slipping. 他紧紧抓住（岩石）以免自己往下滑. * hold on to one's hat on a windy day 在大风天按住自己的帽子. hold on to sth (infml 口) not give or sell sth to sb else; keep or retain sth 不把某物给予或售予他人; 保留或保有某物: You should hold on to your oil shares. 你应该继续保留着石油股份. * I'd hold on to that house for the time being; house prices are rising sharply at the moment. 目前我不能出让那所房子, 此刻房价正在急剧上涨. hold `out (a) last; remain 维持; 保持: We can stay here for as long as our supplies hold out. 我们的供应品能维持多久, 我们就能在这里呆多久. * I can't hold out (ie retain my urine) much longer; I must find a toilet. 我憋不住了（要小便）, 得找个厕所. (b) resist an attack 抵抗; 抵御: They held out bravely against repeated enemy bombing. 敌人轮番轰炸, 他们仍英勇地抵抗. hold sth out offer (a chance, hope, possibility, etc) 提供（机会）; 带来（希望）; 使有（可能）: The forthcoming talks hold out the hope of real arms reductions. 即将举行的会谈给实现真正的裁军带来了希望. * Doctors hold out little hope of her recovering. 医生帮助她康复的希望甚微. hold out for sth (infml 口) deliberately delay reaching an agreement in the hope of gaining sth 故意拖延达成协议以谋求某事物: Union negotiators are holding out for a more generous pay settlement. 工会代表故意拖延谈判以争取达成大幅度增加工资的解决方案. hold out on sb (infml 口) refuse to give information, etc to sb 拒绝给予某人信息等; 瞒 : I'm not holding out on you. I honestly don't know where he is. 我不是故意瞒 你.我的确不知道他在哪里.

hold6
hold sth `over (often passive 常用於被动语态) postpone or defer sth 延缓或推迟某事物: The matter was held over until the next meeting. 此事推迟到下次会议解决. `hold to sth not abandon or change (a principle, an opinion, etc); remain loyal to sth 不放弃或不改变（原则、 观点等）; 忠於某事物: She always holds to her convictions. 她始终坚持自己的信念. * beliefs that were firmly held to 严格遵守的信条. hold sb to sth make sb keep (a promise) 使某人遵守（诺言）: He promised her a honeymoon in Paris when they got married, and she held him to it. 他们结婚时, 他答应她到巴黎度蜜月, 她要求他遵守诺言. * We must hold the contractors to (ie not allow them to exceed) their estimates. 我们必须使承包 者遵照他们的预算办事（不许超支）. hold to`gether (a) remain whole 保持完整: The car's bodywork scarcely holds together. 这汽车的车身简直都要散架了. (b) remain united 保持团结: The Tory party always holds together in times of crisis. 保守党在紧要关头总是能团结一致. hold sth together cause sth to remain together; unite sth 使某事物不散开或团结一致: The country needs a leader who will hold the nation together. 该国需要一个能使全国团结的领袖. hold sb/sth up (a) put sb/sth forward as an example 举某人[某事物]作为范例: She's always holding up her children as models of behaviour. 她总标榜自己的子女是良好品行的榜样. (b) obstruct or delay the progress of sb/sth 阻碍或延误某人[某事物]: Road-works on the motorway are holding up traffic. 高速公路上的道路施工影响了交通. * My application was held up by the postal strike. 我的申请书由於邮政部门罢工而延误了. * Our flight was held up by fog. 我们的班机因有雾而停航. hold up sth rob sth using the threat of force or violence 以武力或暴力威胁抢劫: hold up a bank, post office, etc 抢劫银行、 邮局等 * Masked men held up a security van in South London yesterday. 蒙面歹徒昨天在伦敦南部抢劫了一辆护卫车.

hold7
hold with sth (used in negative sentences or in questions 用於否定句或疑问句中) agree with or approve of sth 同意或赞成某事物: I don't hold with his views on education. 我不同意他在教育问题上的观点. * Do you hold with nudity on the stage? 你赞成在舞台上作裸体表演吗? 复合： `hold-up n (a) stoppage or delay 停顿或延搁: a hold-up on the motorway 高速公路上的交通阻塞 * We should arrive in half an hour, barring hold-ups. 若无交通阻塞, 我们半小时後可到达. (b) robbery by armed robbers 持械抢劫: After the hold-up, the gang made their getaway in a stolen car. 匪徒们打劫後, 乘一辆盗来的汽车逃走了.

holdall
[5hEuldC:l; 5hold7Cl] (US `carry-all) n large (usu soft) bag for holding clothes, etc when travelling （装衣物用的）大旅行袋（通常为软包）.

holder
[5hEuldE(r); 5holdl] n (often forming compound ns 常用以构成复合名词) 1 person who holds sth; person who has sth at his disposal or in his possession 拿住、 抓住、 握住、 抱住、 托住某物的人; 持有或占有某物者: * an account-holder 帐户持有人 * a licence-holder 领有执照者 * a ticket-holder 持票人 * the holder of the world record/the world record-holder 世界纪录保持者 * holders of high office 居高位者 * the holder of a French passport 持有法国护照者. 2 thing that supports or holds sth 支承或用以握持某物之物: * a pen-holder 钢笔 * a cigarette-holder 香烟嘴 * a plant pot holder 花盆架.

holding
[5hEuldiN; 5holdiN] n 1 land held by a tenant 佃户租种的土地. 2 (often pl 常作复数) thing owned, such as land, stocks, shares, etc; personal property 所有物（如土地、 债券、 股份等）; 私有财产: * She has a 40% holding (ie share) in the company. 她有公司的40%股份. 复合： `holding company company formed to hold the shares of other companies, which it then controls 控股公司（持有其他公司的多数股权因而对这些公司有控制权的公司）.

hole
[hEul; hol] n 1 [C] (a) sunken or hollow place in a solid mass or surface; cavity 洞; 孔; 坑; 洞穴: * a hole in a tooth 龋齿的洞 * roads full of holes 满是坑洼的道路. (b) opening through sth; gap 开口; 裂口: * The prisoner escaped through a hole in the wall. 那囚犯从墙上的缺口处逃走了. * I've worn holes in my socks. 我把袜子穿破了. * My socks are in holes/full of holes, ie worn so much that holes have formed. 我的袜子破了. * a hole in the heart, ie a defect at birth in the membrane of the heart 先天性心膜缺损. 2 [C] (a) animal's burrow （动物的）巢穴: * a `mouse hole 鼠洞 * a fox's hole 狐穴. (b) (usu sing 通常作单数) (fig infml 比喻, 口) small, dark or unpleasant room, flat, district, etc 狭小、 阴暗或简陋的房间、 住所、 区域等: * Why do you want to live here it's a dreadful hole! 你为什麽要住在这里--这小地方简直糟透了. 3 [sing] (sl 俚) awkward or difficult situation 窘境; 困境: * be in (a bit of) a hole 感到（有点）为难. 4 [C] (sport 体) (a) hollow or cavity into which a ball, etc must be hit in various games （多种游戏中将球等击入的）洞或孔: * an ,eighteen-hole `golf-course 有十八个洞的高尔夫球场. (b) (in golf) section of a golf-course between a tee and a hole; point scored by a player who reaches the hole with the fewest strokes （高尔夫球）由球座到球洞的一段距离, 以最少 数进球所得的分数: * win the first hole 在第一洞时领先. 5 (idm 习语) have an ace in the hole => ace. a hole in the `wall very small dingy shop, cafe, etc, esp in a row of buildings 狭小而昏暗的店 、 小餐馆等（尤指设於成排建 物中的）. make a hole in sth (infml 口) use a large amount of (one's money, supplies, etc) 大量耗费（金钱、 供应品等）: * The hospital bills made a big hole in his savings. 医疗费已用掉了他一大笔存款. money burns a hole in sb's pocket => money. pick holes in sth => pick3.

hole1
派生： hole v 1 [Tn] make a hole or holes in (sth) 在（某物）上打洞或穿孔: The ship was holed by an iceberg. 冰山把那船撞出了窟窿. 2 [I, Ip, Tn] ~ (out) (in golf, etc) hit (the ball) into a hole （高尔夫球等）击（球）入洞: She holed out from forty yards. 她从四十码远的地方把球打入洞中. 3 (phr v) hole up (also be holed up) (sl 俚 esp US) hide oneself 躲藏: The gang (was) holed up in the mountains somewhere. 那帮匪徒躲在山中某处. 复合： ,hole-and-`corner adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (derog 贬) (of an activity) secret because dishonest or illegal; underhand （指活动）偷偷摸摸的, 见不得人的, 不光明正大的: a hole-and-corner affair, business, method 鬼鬼祟祟的事情、 交易、 方法.

holiday
[5hClEdei; 5halE7de] n 1 (a) day of rest, recreation or festivity, when no work is done 假日; 节日: * Sunday is a holiday in Christian countries. 在基督教国家中星期天是假日. (b) (esp Brit) (also esp US vacation) (often pl 常作复数) period of time away from everyday work, used esp for travel, recreation and rest 假期: * the school holidays 学校的假期 * the Christmas holidays 圣诞节假期 * We're going to Spain for our summer holiday(s). 我们打算去西班牙度暑假. * I'm taking two weeks' holiday. 我正在休假两星期. * I'm entitled to 20 days' holiday a year. 我每年有20天假期. * [attrib 作定语] a holiday resort, brochure 度假胜地、 手册. 2 (idm 习语) a busman's holiday => busman (bus). high days and holidays => high1. on `holiday/on one's `holidays having a holiday 在休假: * The typist is away on holiday this week. 打字员本周休假. 派生： holiday v (esp Brit) (also esp US vacation) [I, Ipr, Ip] spend a holiday 度假: They're holidaying on the west coast. 他们正在西海岸度假. 复合： `holiday camp (also `holiday centre) (esp Brit) place with accommodation and organized amusements for people on holiday 度假中心（提供膳宿及有组织的娱乐活动的假日去处）. `holiday-maker n person who is on holiday 度假者: The plane was full of holiday-makers. 飞机上满是度假的乘客. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Holiday, vacation and leave all indicate a period of absence from work or duty. *holiday、 vacation、 leave均指不工作、 不上课或不值班的期间. There are differences between British and American usage. 这几个词的用法在英美之间有所不同. 1 Holiday is used in both Britain and the US to mean a single day without work because of a religious or national festival 因宗教节日或国家喜庆而停止工作的单日假, 英美两国均用holiday表示之: Friday is a holiday in Muslim countries. 在伊斯兰教国家中星期五是假日.

holiday1
* The shops are closed tomorrow because it is a bank holiday. 明天是法定假日, 商店停止营业. * In this country New Year's Day is a national holiday. 在这个国家里, 元旦是全国性的假日. 2 Holiday is used in Britain and vacation in the US when talking about the regular period of time taken away from work each year 指每年中的例行休假期间, 英国用holiday, 美国则用vacation: Where are you going for your summer holidays/vacation? 你打算去哪里度暑假? * I was on holiday/vacation last month. 我上个月休假了. 3 In Britain vacation is used mainly for the period of time when universities and lawcourts do not work 在英国, vacation主要用以指大学和法院放假期间: in Britain the long vacation is from June to October 在英国, 长的假期是从六月到十月. 4 Leave means permission given to an employee to be absent from work for a special reason *leave指雇员因有某种理由而获准的休假: She's been given sick/compassionate/maternity leave. 她获准休病假[事假/产假]. * They've refused him leave of absence. 他们不准他休假. * He's taken unpaid leave for a month. 他请了一个月的停薪假. 5 Leave also means the period away from official duties of those working overseas, eg soldiers and diplomats *leave亦指派往海外工作的人员（如军人和外交人员）的假期: He gets home leave every two years. 他每两年有一次探亲假.

holier
than-thou

holiness
[5hEulinis; 5holinis] n 1 [U] state of being holy or sacred 神圣. 2 His/Your Holiness title used of or to the Pope 陛下, 圣座（对教皇的尊称）.

holler
[5hClE(r); 5hall] v [I, Tn] (infml 口 esp US) shout (sth); yell 喊出（某事物）; 叫喊.

hollow
[5hClEu; 5halo] adj 1 having a hole or empty space inside; not solid 空的; 中空的: * a hollow tree, ball 中空的树、 球. 2 sunken; deeply set 凹的; 凹陷的: * hollow cheeks 凹陷的双颊 * ,hollow-`eyed from lack of sleep 由於睡眠不足而双眼凹陷的. 3 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of sounds) echoing, as if coming from a hollow place （指声音）似由空腔中发出而生共鸣的, 重浊的: * a hollow groan 低沉的呻吟. 4 (fig 比喻) (a) false; insincere 虚伪的; 缺乏诚意的: * a hollow promise 空洞的诺言 * hollow (ie forced and cynical) laughter 虚伪的笑声 * His words rang hollow. 他的话听起来缺乏诚意. (b) without real value; worthless 无真正价值的; 不足道的: * hollow joys and pleasures, ie not giving true happiness 空欢喜 * win a hollow victory 表面上获胜. 5 (idm 习语) beat sb hollow => beat1. have hollow legs (Brit joc 谑) have a large appetite 胃口很大. 派生： hollow n (a) sunken place, esp a small valley 凹陷处; （尤指）小山谷: a wooded hollow 树木繁茂的小山谷. (b) hole or enclosed space within sth 洞; 孔; 围以某物之处: She held the small bird in the hollow of her hand. 她把那小鸟握在掌心里. hollow v 1 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (out) form (sth) into a hollow shape 使（某物）成为中空形状或变成凹形: river banks hollowed out by rushing water 由於激流冲刷而凹陷了的河岸. 2 (phr v) hollow sth out form sth by making a hole in sth else 在一物上挖洞形成某物; 挖成某物: hollow out a nest in a tree trunk 在树干上凿巢. hollowly adv. hollowness n [U].

holly
[5hCli; 5hali] n (a) [C] evergreen shrub with hard shiny sharp-pointed leaves and, in winter, red berries 冬青（常绿灌木, 叶尖而硬, 有光泽, 冬季结红色浆果）. (b) [U] its branches used for Christmas decorations （用作圣诞节饰物的）冬青树枝.

hollyhock
[5hClihCk; 5hali7hak] n tall garden plant with brightly coloured flowers 蜀葵（高株园艺植物, 花鲜艳）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page ii.

holm
oak

holocaust
[5hClEkC:st; 5halE7kCst] n (a) [C] large-scale destruction, esp by fire; great loss of human life 大规模的毁灭（尤指由火灾造成的）; 大批的人的死亡: * fear a nuclear holocaust 惧怕核灾难. (b) the Holocaust [sing] the mass killing of Jews by the Nazis before and during World War II （第二次世界大战之前及大战期间, 纳粹对犹太人的）大屠杀.

hologram
[5hClEgrAm; 5halE7grAm] n (physics 物) photographic representation that gives a three-dimensional image when suitably lit 全息图; 全息照相.

holograph
[5hClEgra:f; - -grAf; 5halE7grAf] n document that is handwritten by the author 亲笔文件.

hols
[hClz; halz] (Brit infml 口) holidays (holiday 1b) 假期.

holster
[5hEulstE(r); 5holstl] n leather case for a pistol, usu fixed to a belt or saddle （手枪的）皮套（通常固定於腰带或鞍子上）. =>illus at gun 见gun插图.

holy
[5hEuli; 5holi] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 (a) associated with God or with religion; of God 与神或宗教有关的; 神的; 上帝的: * the Holy Bible/Scriptures 圣经. (b) regarded as sacred; consecrated 视为神圣的; 神圣化的: * holy ground 神圣的土地 * holy water, ie water blessed by a priest 圣水（牧师祝福过的水） * a holy war, ie one fought to defend what is sacred 圣战（为捍卫神圣事业的战斗）. 2 devoted to the service of God; morally and spiritually pure 献身於神或上帝的; 圣洁的; 心地纯洁的: * a holy man 献身於上帝的人 * live a holy life 过圣洁的生活. 3 (idm 习语) a holy `terror (infml 口) (a) (joc 谑) naughty or cheeky child 淘气的或鲁莽的孩子. (b) formidable or dominating person 难对付的或操纵人的人. 复合： the Holy `City Jerusalem 圣城（耶路撒冷）. Holy Communion = communion 1. the Holy `Father the Pope 教皇. the Holy Ghost = the Holy Spirit. the Holy Grail => grail. the `Holy Land 1 country west of the river Jordan, revered by Christians as the place where Christ lived 圣地（位於约旦河西岸, 基督生活过的地方, 基督徒奉之为神圣土地）. 2 any region revered in non-Christian religions （基督教以外的）宗教圣地. ,the holy of `holies (a) sacred inner chamber of a Jewish temple 至圣所（犹太圣殿的内殿）. (b) (fig often joc 比喻, 常作戏谑语) sacred place 神圣的地方: To the children, their father's study was the holy of holies. 在这些孩子的眼里, 父亲的书房是最神圣的地方. holy orders => order. the Holy `See 1 the papal court; the Vatican 罗马教廷; 梵蒂冈. 2 the office of the pope; the papacy 教皇的职位; 教皇的权力. the Holy `Spirit (also the Holy `Ghost) the Third Person in the Trinity; God acting spiritually 圣灵. `Holy Week week before Easter Sunday 复活节前的一周. Holy `Writ holy writings, esp the Bible 圣典; （尤指）《圣经》: You shouldn't treat the newspapers as if they were Holy Writ. 你不应该把报上说的话奉若神明.

homage
[5hCmidV; 5hamidV] n [U] (fml 文) things said or done to show great respect; tribute to a person or his qualities (used esp with the vs shown) 深表敬意的言行, 褒扬某人或某品德的事物（尤与下列句中动词连用）: * They stood in silent homage round her grave. 他们站立在她的墓的周围向她默哀. * Many came to do the dead man homage. 很多人前来向死者致哀. * We pay homage to the genius of Shakespeare. 我们对莎士比亚的天才表示敬仰.

Homburg
[5hCmbE:g; 5hambEg] n man's soft felt hat with a narrow curled brim and a lengthwise dent in the top 洪堡毡帽（男用软毡帽, 帽边狭窄呈卷形, 帽顶有纵向凹坑）.

home
1[hEum; hom] n 1 (a) [C, U] place where one lives, esp with one's family 家: * The nurse visits patients in their homes. 护士对病人进行家访. * He left home (ie left his parents and began an independent life) at sixteen. 他在十六岁时离开了家（离开双亲独立生活）. * [attrib 作定语] my home address 我家的地址. (b) [C] house, flat, etc 房子、 住所等: * Homes for Sale, eg on an estate agent's notice. 房屋待售（如房地产经纪人之告示上所标明者）. * [attrib 作定语] a home improvement grant 房屋改进装修补助金. (c) [C] (infml 口) place where an object is stored 存物处: * I must find a home for all these tins. 我得找个地方存放这些罐头. 2 [C, U] district or country where one was born or where one has lived for a long time or to which one feels attached 家乡; 故乡; 老家: * She was born in London, but she now looks on Paris as her home. 她生在伦敦, 但现在把巴黎看成是她的家乡. * She lives a long way from home. 她远远地离开故乡在外地生活. * He left India for home, ie for his own country. 他离开印度回国去了. 3 [C] (a) institution for people needing care or rest 为需要照顾或休息的人们设立的机构: * a children's home 儿童之家 * a home for the blind 盲人院 * an old people's home 老年人之家. (b) institution providing accommodation for workers 为工人提供膳宿服务的机构: * a sailor's home 海员之家. 4 [C] (a) place where an animal or a plant is native or most common; habitat （动植物的）生息地, 栖息处: * The tiger's home is in the jungle. 老虎生活在丛林里. (b) place from which sth originates 发源地; 发祥地: * Greece is the home of democracy. 希腊是民主的发祥地. 5 [U] (a) (in sport and in various games) place where a player is safe, cannot be caught, etc （体育活动及各种游戏中）安全、 不会被捉住等之处. (b) finishing point in a race （赛跑的）终点.

home1
6 (idm 习语) at home (a) in the house, flat, etc 在家里: * Is there anybody at home? 有人在家吗? (b) at one's ease, as if in one's own home （像在自己家里一样）自在, 无拘束: * Make yourself at home! 不要拘束! * They always make us feel very much at home. 他们总是使我们感到非常自在. (c) (of football matches, etc) played in the town, etc to which the team belongs （指足球比赛等）在主场进行的: * Is our next match at home or away? 我们下一场比赛是在主场进行呢, 还是在客场进行? (d) (fml 文) expecting and ready to receive visitors 期待并准备接待来访者: * Mrs Hill is not at home to anyone except close relatives. 希尔夫人不会客, 但近亲除外. at home in sth familiar and relaxed with sth 熟练掌握某事物; 驾轻就熟: * Is it difficult to feel at home in (ie confident when using) a foreign language? 精通一门外语难不难? charity begins at home => charity. close/near to home close to the point at which one is directly affected 即将受到触及; 临到自己头上: * Her remarks were embarrassingly close to home. 她说的那些话很露骨而使人感到很尴尬. * The threat of war is coming steadily nearer to home. 战争的威胁正在一步步地临近. eat sb out of house and home => eat. an Englishman's home is his castle => Englishman (English). a `home bird person who likes to spend as much time as possible at home because he is happiest there 喜欢待在家里的人. a ,home from `home place where one is as happy, comfortable, etc as in one's own home 像自己家里一样惬意、 舒适等的处所: * You will find our hotel a true home from home! 本旅社将使你感到宾至如归! a ,home `truth unpleasant fact about a person told to him by sb else （从他人那里听到的有关自己的）不愉快的事实: * It's time you listened to a few home truths about yourself. 你该听一些逆耳之言了. one's spiritual home => spiritual. there's no place like home => place1. when he's, it's, etc at `home (joc 谑) (used facetiously to emphasize a question 用以加强疑问句的诙谐语气):

home2
* Who's Gloria Button when she's at home? 那位格洛丽亚．巴顿是何许人也? 派生： homeless adj having no home 无家的: homeless families 无处安身的家庭. the homeless n [pl v] homeless people 无家可归的人们: provide emergency accommodation for the homeless 向无家可归者提供食宿紧急救助. homelessness n [U]. homeward[5hEumwEd; 5homwld] adj, adv going towards home 回家去（的）; 回家乡去（的）; 回国去（的）: * the homeward journey 回程 * We're homeward bound. 我们回家去. homewards[-wEdz; -wldz] adv towards home 向家; 向家乡; 向本国: * travel homewards 踏上回家的路途. =>Usage at forward2 用法见forward2. 复合： ,home-`brewed adj (of beer, etc) made at home (contrasted with beer from a brewery) （指啤酒等）家酿的（以别於啤酒厂酿制的）. the ,Home `Counties the counties round London 伦敦周围各郡. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, pages xiv, xv.,home-`cured adj (of food, esp bacon) treated by smoking, salting, etc （指食品, 尤指熏咸肉）用烟熏、 盐腌等方法制成的. ,home eco`nomics study of household management 家政学. `home farm farm worked by the owner of an estate on which there are other farms 由地产主人自家经营的农场（以别於其出租的农场）. the ,home `front the civilians (in a country at war) （战时的）後方民众. ,home-`grown adj (of food, esp fruit and vegetables) grown in one's own country, garden, etc （指食物, 尤指水果和蔬菜）本国、 本地、 自家的园子等产的: Are these lettuces home-grown or did you buy them in the market? 这些生菜是自家种的呢, 还是你在市场上买的? * (fig 比喻) The team includes several foreign players because of the shortage of ,home-grown `talent. 由於本国人才缺乏, 该队尚有几名外籍队员. the ,Home `Guard (formerly) British volunteer army formed in 1940 to defend the country against invaders （旧时）地方军（1940年英国为抗击侵略者保卫国家而成立的志愿部队）.

home3
,home `help person whose job is to help others with housework, etc, esp one employed by a local authority to help the elderly, disabled, etc in this way （帮助料理家务等的） 人; （尤指受雇於地方当局帮助老年人、 伤残者等料理家务等的）家庭服务员. `homeland[-lAnd; -7lAnd] n 1 one's native country 祖国; 故乡. 2 (usu pl 通常作复数) any of the areas reserved for black people in the Republic of S Africa 南非共和国的黑人定居地. ,home-`made adj made at home 家里做的: a ,home-made `cake 自制糕饼 * Home-made jam is usually better than the kinds you buy in the shops. 自制的果酱通常要比从商店里买的好吃. the `Home Office British Government department dealing with law and order, immigration, etc in England and Wales （英国的）内政部（负责处理英格兰和威尔士的治安、 移民等问题）. Cf 参看 the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (foreign). ,Home `Rule government of a country or region by its own citizens 地方自治. ,home `run (in baseball) hit that allows the batter to run round all the bases without stopping （棒球）本垒打. ,Home `Secretary Government minister in charge of the Home Office （英国）内政大臣. `homesick adj sad because one is away from home 想家的; 患怀乡病的: He was homesick for Italy. 他思念祖国意大利. `homesickness n [U]: suffer from homesickness when abroad 旅居国外而苦苦思念故国. `homespun adj 1 made of yarn spun at home 家里纺的. 2 plain and simple 素的; 简单的: homespun remedies for minor ailments 一般小病的简易疗法 * sensible homespun advice 明智而实际的劝告. n homespun fabric 家里纺的布; 土布. homestead[5hEumsted; 5hom7sted] n 1 house with the land and outbuildings round it, esp a farm 包括周围土地及附属房屋的家宅; （尤指）带农场的家宅. 2 (US) land given to a person by the State on condition that he lives on it and cultivates it 国家分给个人定居并进行开垦的土地. homesteader n (US) person who lives on a homestead 有宅地的人; 在分到的土地上定居并进行开垦的人.

home4
the home `straight (also esp US the home `stretch) (a) last part of a race, near the finishing-line （赛跑的）最後一段路程. (b) (fig 比喻) last part of an undertaking, etc, when it is nearly completed （任务等的）最後部分, 最後阶段. `homework n [U] 1 work that a pupil is required to do away from school （学生的）家庭作业, 课外作业: The teacher gave us an essay (to do) for our homework. 老师给我们布置的家庭作业是写一篇作文. 2 (fig infml 比喻, 口) work done in preparation for a meeting, etc （会议等的）准备工作: The politician had clearly not done his homework, ie found out all he needed to know about a particular topic. 那位政治家显然还没有完成会前的准备工作.

homely
[5hEumli; 5homli] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 (approv 褒 esp Brit) (a) simple and plain 简单的; 平常的: * a homely woman 素的女子. (b) making sb feel comfortable 使人感到舒适的: * a homely place, atmosphere 宾至如归的地方、 气氛. 2 (US derog 贬) (of a person's appearance) not good-looking; plain （指人的外貌）不好看的; 相貌平平的. > homeliness n [U].

homeopath
ns (US) = homoeopath (homoeopathy).

homeopathy
ns (US) = homoeopathy.

Homeric
[hEu'merik; ho'merik] adj of the writings or heroes of Homer 荷马史诗的; 荷马史诗中的人物的.

homey
[5hEumi; 5homi] adj (-mier, -miest) (US infml 口) = homy.

homicide
[5hCmisaid; 5hamE7said] n 1 [U] killing of one person by another 杀人: * be accused of homicide 被控犯有杀人罪. Cf 参看 murder. 2 [C] person who kills another 杀人者. 派生： homicidal[7hCmi'saidl; 7hamE'saidl] adj of homicide杀人的: * have homicidal tendencies 有杀人的倾向 * a homicidal maniac 杀人狂.

homily
[5hCmili; 5hamli] n 1 (often derog 常作贬义) long and boring talk from sb on the correct way to behave, etc 有关规矩等问题的冗长而令人厌倦的说教: * preach/give/deliver a homily 进行说教. 2 (fml 文) sermon 讲道. > homiletic[7hCmi'letik; 7hamE'letik] adj.

homing
[5hEumiN; 5homiN] adj [attrib 作定语] 1 (of a pigeon) having the instinct or trained to fly home from a great distance （指鸽子）有自远处飞返原地的本能或训练的. 2 (of a torpedo, missile, etc) fitted with an electronic device that enables it to find and hit a target （指鱼雷、 导弹等）自动寻的的, 自动导引: * `homing devices 自动导引装置.

Homo sapiens
[7hEumEu 'sApienz; 7homo 'sApienz] (Latin 拉) modern man regarded as a species 智人.

homo-
comb form 构词成分 the same 同; 相同: homosexual * homophone * homogeneous. Cf 参看 hetero-.

homoeopathy
(US homeo-)[7hEumi'CpEWi; 7homi'apEWi] n [U] treatment of a disease by very small amounts of drugs that, if given to a healthy person, would produce symptoms like those of the disease itself 顺势疗法. 派生： homoeopath (US homeo-)[5hEumiEpAW; 5homiE7pAW] n person who practises homoeopathy 采用顺势疗法的医生. homoeopathic (US homeo-)[7hEumiE'pAWik;7homiE'pAWik] adj: * homoeopathic remedies, treatment, medicines, etc 顺势疗法、 顺势治疗、 顺势治疗所用的药物.

homogeneous
[7hCmE'dVi:niEs; 7hamE'dViniEs] adj formed of parts that are all of the same type 由同类部分组成的. Cf 参看 heterogeneous. 派生： homogeneity[7hCmEdVi'ni:Eti; 7hamEdVE'niEti] n [U] quality of being alike 同种; 同质. homogenize, -ise/hE'mCdVEnaiz; hE'madVE7naiz] v [Tn] 1 treat (milk) so that the particles of fat are broken down and the cream is blended with the rest 对（牛奶）作均质处理（将脂肪微粒搅碎使奶油分布均匀）. 2 make (sth) homogeneous 使（某物）成分均匀.

homograph
[5hCmEgra:f; - -grAf; 5hamE7grAf] n word spelt like another word but with a different meaning or pronunciation 同形异义词（写法相同而意义或读音不同者）, 如 bow1/bEU; bo/, bow2/bau; bau] .

homonym
[5hCmEnim; 5hamE7nim] n word spelt and pronounced like another word but with a different meaning 同形同音异义词（写法和读音相同而意义不同者）, 如 see1, see2.

homophone
[5hCmEfEun; 5hamE7fon] n word pronounced like another word but with a different meaning or spelling 同音异义词, 同音异形词（读音相同而意义或写法不同者）, 如 some, sum/sQm; sQm] ; knew, new/nju:; nju] .

homosexual
[7hCmE'sekFuEl; 7homE'sekFuEl] adj sexuallyattracted only to people of the same sex as oneself 同性恋的: * homosexual relationships, tendencies 同性恋关系、 癖好. Cf 参看 heterosexual, bisexual. 派生： homosexual n homosexual person 同性恋者. Cf 参看 lesbian. homosexuality[7hCmEsekFu'AlEti; 7homE7sekFu'AlEti] n [U] condition of being homosexual 同性恋.

homy
(US homey)[5hEumi; 5homi] adj (-ier, -iest) (approv 褒) like home; cosy 像家一样的; 舒适惬意的.

Hon
abbr 缩写 = 1/Cn; an] Honorary: * the Hon Sec, ie Honorary Secretary 义务秘书 * the Hon Treasurer 义务司库. 2 Honourable: * the Hon Emily Smythe 埃米莉．斯迈思阁下. Cf 参看 Rt Hon.

Hon Sec
[7Cn 'sek; 7an 'sek] abbr 缩写 = Honorary Secretary.

hone
[hEun; hon] n stone used for sharpening the cutting edges of tools, etc （磨工具等的刀口用的）磨石. 派生： hone v [Tn] sharpen (sth) on a hone 在磨石上把（某物）磨锋利.

honest
[5Cnist; 5anist] adj 1 (a) (of a person) telling the truth; not cheating or stealing （指人）诚实的, 老实的: * an honest witness, businessman 可靠的证人、 商人. (b) (of a statement) frank, sincere and direct （指陈述）坦白的, 真诚的, 直率的: * give an honest opinion 提出坦诚的意见 * Do you like my dress? Please be honest! 你喜欢我的连衣裙吗? 请说真话! (c) showing or resulting from an honest mind 显示心地诚实的; 由诚意产生的:an honest face 一副诚实的面孔 * He looks honest enough,but can we trust him? 他看起来倒挺诚实, 但我们能信得过他吗? * She's never done an honest day's work (ie worked hard and conscientiously) in her life. 她一辈子从来没有实实在在地（努力而认真地）干过一天活儿. 2 (of wages, etc) fairly earned （指工资等）以正当手段挣得的: * make an honest living 靠正当的收入生活. 3 (of actions, etc) sincere but undistinguished （指行为等）踏实而平平的. 4 (idm 习语) earn/turn an honest `penny earn money by working hard and fairly 以正当的手段凭努力工作挣钱. honest to `God/`goodness (infml 口) truthfully 实在地: * Honest to goodness, I didn't do it. 老天爷可以作证, 我没有做过这件事. make an honest `woman of sb (dated joc 旧, 谑) marry sb after having had a sexual relationship with her 与某女人发生性关系後娶其为妻. to be (quite) `honest (about it/with you) (catchphrase 警语) (used to emphasize that one is speaking frankly 用以强调所言出自真心): * To be honest, I don't think we have a chance of winning. 说实话, 我认为我们没有获胜的可能. 派生： honest adv (infml 口) truthfully 实在地: It wasn't me, honest! 说实话, 那不是我! honestly adv 1 in a truthful and fair way 以公平而正当的方式: deal honestly with sb 与某人公平交易. 2 (used for emphasis 用以加强语气) really 的确: I don't honestly know. 我的确不知道. * Honestly, that's all the money I've got! 我的的确确只有这点钱了!

honest1
3 (used to show disapproval and impatience 用以表示不赞成和不耐烦): Honestly! What a fuss! 真是大惊小怪! 复合： ,honest-to-`goodness adj [attrib 作定语] plain and simple; genuine; straightforward 实打实的; 真正的; 率直的: a bit of honest-to-goodness hard work 一点真正吃力的工作.

honesty
[5CnEsti; 5anEsti] n [U] 1 quality of being honest; truthfulness 诚实; 老实; 正直; 实在. 2 plant with purple flowers and flat round semi-transparent seed-pods 缎花属植物（开紫花, 有扁圆形半透明的种子荚）. 3 (idm 习语) in all `honesty honestly 诚实地; 实在地: * I can't in all honesty (ie if I must be honest) deny it. 我确实不能否认这一点.

honey
[5hQni; 5hQni] n 1 [U] (a) sweet sticky yellowish substance made by bees from nectar 蜂蜜. (b) its colour蜜色: * honey-coloured hair 蜜色的毛发. 2 [U] sweetness; pleasantness 甜蜜; 甜美. 3 [C] (infml 口 esp US) (a) (used to address or refer to a person one likes or loves 用作爱称): * You look great tonight, honey! 亲爱的, 你今晚真漂亮! * Our baby-sitter is an absolute honey. 我们的临时保姆好极了. (b) thing that is excellent or delightful 出类拔萃的事物; 讨人喜欢的东西: * That computer game's a honey. 那电脑游戏真好玩儿. 派生： honeyed[5hQnid; 5hQnid] adj (of words) sentimentaland flattering （指词语）亲切而讨好的; 甜言蜜语的. 复合： `honey-bee n ordinary type of bee that lives in hives 蜜蜂. honeycomb[5hQnikEum; 5hQni7kom] (also comb) n 1 [C, U] wax structure of six-sided cells made by bees for holding their honey and eggs 蜂巢: * a piece of honeycomb 一块蜂巢. 2 [C] pattern or arrangement of six-sidedsections 蜂巢形图案; 蜂巢状排列形式. `honeycombedadj ~ (with sth) filled with holes, tunnels, etc 蜂巢状的; 多孔的; 多洞的; 多孔道的: * The Rock of Gibraltar is honeycombed with caves. 直布罗陀岩山上有许多洞穴.

honeydew
[5hQnidju:; 5hQni7dju] n [U] sweet sticky substance found on leaves and stems in hot weather 树蜜（树叶和树茎在天气炎热时分泌的带甜味的黏汁）. 复合： ,honeydew `melon cultivated variety of melon with pale skin and sweet green flesh 蜜瓜; 白兰瓜.

honeymoon
[5hQnimu:n; 5hQni7mun] n 1 holiday taken by a newly married couple 蜜月: * They went to Italy for their honeymoon. 他们去意大利度蜜月. * We're on our honeymoon. 我们正在度蜜月. 2 (fig 比喻) period of enthusiastic goodwill at the start of an undertaking, a relationship, etc 事业、 关系等之初始的热火时期: * [attrib 作定语] The honeymoon period for the new government is over, and they must now start to tackle the country's many problems. 新政府建立之初的那一阵子热劲已经过去了, 现在得着手解决国家的众多问题了. 派生： honeymoon v [I, Ipr] spend a honeymoon 度蜜月: They are honeymooning in Paris. 他们正在巴黎度蜜月. honeymooner n.

honeysuckle
[5hQnisQkl; 5hQni7sQkl] n [U] climbing shrub with sweet-smelling yellow or pink flowers 忍冬（蔓生灌木, 开黄色或粉红色的花, 气味芳香）.

honk
[hCNk; hCNk] n 1 cry of the wild goose 雁叫声. 2 sound made by a car horn, esp of the old-fashioned type 汽车喇叭的鸣声（尤指旧式的）. 派生： honk v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (at sb/sth) (cause sth to) make a honk （使某物）发出雁叫似的声音, 发汽车喇叭声: the honking cry of migrating geese 大雁的鸣叫声 * The driver honked (his horn) at me to get out of the way. 司机按汽车喇叭叫我让路.

honky
tonk

honor
(US) = honour.

honorable
(US) = honourable.

honorarium
[7CnE'reEriEm; 7anE'reriEm] n (pl ~s) voluntary payment made for professional services for which a fee is not normally paid or required by law （自愿赠予的）酬金, 谢礼.

honorary
[5CnErEri; - 'CnEreri; 5anE7reri] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] 1 (of a degree, rank, etc) given as an honour （指学位、 级别等）荣誉的: * be awarded an honorary doctorate, title 被授予荣誉博士学位、 头衔. 2 (in titles 称谓中作 Honorary, abbr 缩写 Hon) (of a position or its holder) unpaid （指职位或任职者）无报酬的, 名誉的: * the honorary (post of) President 名誉会长 * the Honorary Secretary Mrs Hill 义务秘书希尔夫人.

honorific
[7CnE'rifik; 7anE'rifik] n, adj (expression) indicating respect for the person being addressed, esp in Oriental languages 表示敬意的（用语）; （尤指东方语言中的）敬语（的）.

honour
1 (US honor)[5CnE(r); 5anl] n 1 [U, sing] source of pride and pleasure; privilege 光荣; 荣幸: * the seat of honour at the head of the table 上首席位 * It is a great honour to be invited. 承蒙邀请, 十分荣幸. 2 [U] (a) good personal character; strong sense of what is morally right 节操; 正义感: * a man of honour 品德高尚的人 * Honour demands that he should resign. 为了保持气节, 他应该辞职. (b) reputation for greatness, good behaviour, truthfulness, etc 荣誉; 名誉; 信誉: * fight for the honour of one's country 为祖国的荣誉而战 * My honour is at stake. 我的名誉利害攸关. 3 [U] great respect; high public regard 崇敬; 公众表示的敬意: * They stood in silence as a mark of honour to her. 他们肃立向她致敬. 4 [sing] an ~ to sth/sb a person or thing that brings credit to sth/sb 给某事物[某人]增光的人或事物: * She is an honour to her profession. 她是同行的光荣. 5 [C usu pl 通常作复数] thing given as a distinction or mark of respect, esp an official award for achievement or bravery 作为荣誉或尊敬的标志而授予之事物（尤指为表扬成绩或英勇行为而正式授予的）: * bury a person with full military honours, ie with a special ceremony to honour the dead soldier 以隆重的军葬礼埋葬死者 * Birthday/New Year Honours, ie titles, decorations, etc awarded in Britain by the Sovereign on his or her birthday or on 1 January each year 英国国王或女王在其诞辰或元旦之日授予的荣誉称号、 勋章等. 6 honours [pl] specialized course for a university degree or high level of distinction reached in it （大学）荣誉学位课程, 优等成绩: * [attrib 作定语] an honours degree course in French literature 法国文学荣誉学位课程. 7 your/his/her Honour [sing] (used to or about certain judges or people of importance as a title of respect 用作对某些法官或显要人士的尊称): * I plead innocent, your Honour. 我不认罪, 法官大人.

honour1
8 [C esp pl 尤作复数] (in card-games) any of the cards of highest value （纸牌戏中）最大点数的牌: * hold five spades to (ie of which the highest is) an honour 手中有五张黑桃, 其中有一张大牌. 9 [U] (in golf) right of driving off first （高尔夫球 的）先打权: * It's `your honour, partner. 伙伴, 该你先打. 10 (idm 习语) a debt of honour => debt. do sb `honour (fml 文) show respect for sb 向某人表示敬意或致敬: * Fifty heads of state attended the Queen's coronation to do her honour. 五十位国家元首参加了女王的加冕典礼, 向女王表示敬意. do sb an honour; do sb the honour (of doing sth) (fml 文) give sb a privilege 给某人以特权; 使某人有特殊的荣幸: * You do us a great honour by attending. 你肯光临使我们感到无比荣幸. * Will you do me the honour of dining with me? 可否赏光与我一起吃饭? do the `honours (infml 口) act as host or hostess; perform some social duty or small ceremony 尽主人之谊; 履行某种社交责任; 执行某种小礼仪: * Who's going to pour the tea shall I do the honours? 谁管斟茶--我来斟好吗? have the honour (of sth) (fml 文) be granted the privilege specified 获得某种特权; 获得某种特殊的荣幸: * May I have the honour of this dance? 可以赏光和我跳这个舞吗? * To whom do I have the honour of speaking? 能跟您谈话十分荣幸, 请问尊姓大名? (there is) honour among `thieves (saying 谚) criminals often have their own standards of behaviour that they live by 罪犯往往也有赖以生存的行为准则; 盗亦有道. honours are `even the contest is level 比赛打成平局: * Both teams have won the same number of games so honours are even between them. 两队积分相同, 比赛结果不分胜负. (in) honour `bound (to do sth) required to do sth as a moral duty but not by law 道义上应做某事的; 理应做的（非硬性规定的）: * I feel honour bound to attend because I promised I would. 我觉得不参加不大好, 因为是我答应过的事. in honour of sb/sth; in sb's/sth's honour out of respect for sb/sth 出於对某人[某事物]的敬意:

honour2
* a ceremony in honour of those killed in battle 为纪念阵亡将士而举行的仪式. on one's honour (to do sth) under a moral obligation (to do sth) 在道义的促使下（做某事）. on my `honour I swear it 我发誓; 我以人格担保: * I promise I'll pay you back, on my honour. 我以人格担保, 一定把钱还给你. a point of honour => point1.put sb on his, etc `honour make sb promise solemnly to do sth 使某人郑重承诺做某事. one's word of honour => word. 复合： `honours list (Brit) list of people given titles, decorations, etc by the Sovereign （国君授予称号、 勋章等的）荣誉名册.

honourable
(US honorable)[5CnErEbl; 5anErEbl] adj 1 deserving, bringing or showing honour 光荣的; 荣耀的; 应享受荣誉的: * an honourable person, deed, calling 声誉卓着的人[光荣的事迹/体面的职业] * conclude an honourable peace 缔结体面的和约 * do the honourable thing by resigning 以辞职的行动保持名节. 2 (in titles 称谓中作 the Honourable, abbr 缩写 Hon) (a) (title given to certain high officials 对某些高级官员的尊称). (b) (title used in Parliamentary debates by members of Parliament when speaking of or to eachother 议会辩论中用作议员之间的尊称): * my Honourablefriend, the member for Chester 切斯特市议员阁下. Cf 参看 Right Honourable (right2). (c) (title given to the children of peers below the rank of marquis 对侯爵以下贵族子女的尊称): * the Honourable Mrs Craig Holmes 克雷格．霍尔姆斯夫人阁下. > honourably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv: * acquit oneself honourably 表现得光明正大.

hoo
ha

hooch
[hu:tF; hutF] n [U] (US infml 口) (esp cheap or illegally made) alcoholic liquor （尤指便宜的或非法酿造的）酒.

hood
1[hud; hud] n 1 (a) covering for the head and neck, often fastened to a coat, etc, so that it can hang down at the back, or be detached, when not in use 风帽, 兜帽（通常连在外衣等上, 蒙住头部及颈部, 不用时可垂在背後或取下）. (b) garment of coloured silk, fur, etc similar to a hood and worn over a university gown to show the degree held by the wearer 学位服垂布（用有色丝绸、 毛皮等制成, 披於学位服外的学位标志）. 2 thing resembling a hood in shape or use 形状或用途似风帽之物: * The robbers all wore hoods to hide their faces. 那些劫匪都戴着面罩蒙着脸. 3 (a) (Brit) folding waterproof top of a motor car, carriage, pram, etc （汽车、 马车、 婴儿车等的）折叠式车篷: * In fine weather I can drive my car with the hood down. 天气好时我可以敞着顶篷开车. (b) cover placed over a machine to protect it or sb using it （机器的）安全罩, 防护罩: * a soundproof hood for the computer printer 计算机打印机的隔音罩. 4 (US) = bonnet 3. 派生： hooded adj 1 having a hood 有兜帽的; 有罩的; 有篷盖的: a hooded raincoat 有兜帽的雨衣. 2 wearing a hood 戴着兜帽的: hooded monks 戴兜帽的修道士.

hoodlum
[5hu:dlEm; 5hudlEm] n 1 destructive and rowdy youth 为非作歹的青年; 小流氓. 2 violent criminal; gangster 暴徒; 歹徒.

hoodoo
[5hu:du:; 5hudu] n (pl ~s) (esp US) ~ (on sb/sth) person or thing that brings or causes bad luck; jinx 带来厄运的人或物; 不祥的人或物: * My car seems to have a hoodoo on it it keeps breaking down. 我的汽车好像中了邪了--老是出故障. 派生： hoodoo v [Tn] (esp US infml 口) make (sb) unlucky 使（某人）倒霉.

hoodwink
[5hudwiNk; 5hud7wiNk] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (into doing sth) deceive sb; trick sb 欺骗某人; 哄某人上当: * I was hoodwinked into buying fake jewels. 我受骗买了假珠宝.

hooey
[5hu:i; 5hui] n [U], interj (sl 俚) false or foolish talk; nonsense 瞎话; 废话; 胡说八道: * That's a lot of hooey! 那都是胡说八道! * What hooey! 废话!

hoof
[hu:f; huf] n (pl ~s or hooves/hu:vz; huvz] ) 1 horny part of the foot of a horse, an ox or a deer （马、 牛、 或鹿的）蹄. =>illus at horse 见horse插图. 2 (idm 习语) on the `hoof (of cattle) alive （指牛）活的: * bought on the hoof and then slaughtered 买活牛然後宰杀. 派生： hoof v (idm 习语) `hoof it (sl 俚) go on foot 步行: The last bus had gone so we had to hoof it home. 末班公共汽车已经开走了, 我们只好走回家.

hook
1[huk; huk] n 1 curved or bent piece of wire, plastic, etc for catching hold of sth or for hanging sth on 钩子; 吊钩; 挂钩: * a `fish-hook 鱼钩 * a `crochet hook 钩针 * Hang your towel on a hook. 把你的毛巾挂在挂钩上吧. 2 (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) curved tool for cutting (grain, etc) or for chopping (branches) 镰刀; （砍树枝用的）弯刀: * a `reaping-hook * a `billhook. 3 thing shaped like a hook, eg a sharp bend in a river, etc or a curving point of land 钩状物; 河曲; 陆地弯曲处: * the Hook of Holland 荷兰钩. 4 (a) (in cricket or golf) type of stroke that hooks (hook2 4a) the ball （板球或高尔夫球）击出曲线球. (b) (in boxing) short blow with the elbow bent （拳击）用钩拳击打: * a left hook to the jaw 照着下颌的一击左钩拳. 5 (idm 习语) by ,hook or by `crook by one means or another, no matter what happens 用种种方法; 千方百计. ,hook, line and `sinker entirely; completely 完全地; 全部地: * What I said was untrue but he fell for it/swallowed it(ie believed it) hook, line and sinker. 我所说的并非实话, 他却完全信以为真. off the `hook (of a telephone receiver) not replaced, thus preventing incoming calls （指电话听筒）未挂上（以防有电话打进）: * He left the phone off the hook so that he wouldn't be disturbed. 他不把电话听筒挂上, 以免受到打扰. (let sb/get) off the `hook (infml 口) out of difficulty or trouble 脱离困境; 免除烦恼: * She was winning easily, but then she started to get careless and let her opponent off the hook, ie allowed her to avoid being defeated. 她赢得很顺利, 可是跟着就大意起来了, 对手转忧为喜. sling one's hook => sling v. 复合： ,hook and `eye small metal hook and loop which together form a fastening for clothes, etc （衣服等上的）钩眼扣: a row of hooks and eyes 一行钩眼扣. `hook-nose n nose with a curved shape; aquiline nose 鹰钩鼻. `hook-nosed adj.

hookah
[5hukE; 5hukE] (also hubble-bubble) n pipe used esp in Arab countries for smoking tobacco, with a long flexible tube to a container of water which cools the smoke as it is drawn through it （尤指阿拉伯国家用的）水烟袋.

hooker
[5hukE(r); 5hukl] n 1 (sl 俚 esp US) prostitute 妓女. 2 player in the front row of a scrum in Rugby football, who tries to hook2(4) the ball （橄榄球并列争球时位於前排的）钩射队员.

hookey
(also hooky)[5huki; 5huki] n (idm 习语) play `hookey (sl 俚 esp US) stay away from school, etc without permission; play truant 逃学; 旷课.

hookworm
[5hukwE:m; 5huk7wEm] n (a) [C] worm that infests the intestines of men and animals 钩虫. (b) [U] disease caused by this 钩虫病.

hooligan
[5hu:ligEn; 5huligEn] n disorderly and noisy young person who often behaves in a violent and destructive way; young thug or ruffian 小流氓; 阿飞: * acts of vandalism committed by football hooligans 足球迷小流氓破坏公物的行为. > hooliganism[-izEm;-7izEm] n [U].

hoop
la

hoopoe
[5hu:pu:; 5hupu] n bird with a large fan-like crest and striped wing and tail feathers 戴胜（鸟名, 有大的扇状冠, 翼部及尾部的羽毛带有条纹）.

hooray
[hu'rei; hu're] interj = hurrah.

hoot
[hu:t; hut] n 1 cry of an owl 猫头鹰的叫声. 2 sound made by a vehicle's horn, factory siren, etc 车辆的喇叭、 工厂汽笛等的鸣响声. 3 shout expressing disapproval or scorn 表示反对或轻蔑的喊叫声: * His suggestion was greeted with hoots of laughter. 他的建议引起了阵阵嗤笑. 4 (infml 口) (a) loud laugh of delight and amusement 哈哈大笑. (b) thing that causes this 令人捧腹的事物: * What a hoot! 真可笑! * She looked an absolute hoot! 她看起来十分可笑! 5 (idm 习语) not care/give a hoot/two hoots (infml 口) not care at all 毫不在乎. 派生： hoot v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (at sb/sth) make a hoot or hoots （猫头鹰）鸣叫; （车辆的喇叭、 工厂汽笛等）鸣响; 嘘叫: the eery sound of an owl hooting 猫头鹰那怪异恐怖的叫声 * The driver hooted at the sheep in the road. 那司机按汽车喇叭把道路上的羊轰走. * The crowd was hooting and jeering at the speaker. 人群发出嘘叫声嘲笑那个演说者. * He hooted with laughter. 他哈哈大笑. 2 [Tn] make scornful hoots at (sb); greet with jeers 向（某人）发出轻蔑的喝叫声: hoot a bad actor 向蹩脚演员叫倒好. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (at sb/sth) sound (a horn) 鸣（喇叭）: The driver hooted his horn (at us). 司机（冲着我们）鸣喇叭. 4 (phr v) hoot sth/sb down/off; hoot sb off sth reject sth or drive sb away (from a place) by jeering 以讥笑声拒绝某事物; 以嘘叫声把某人（从某处）轰走: The proposal was hooted down. 人们嘘叫着拒绝了这项建议. * hoot a speaker off (a platform) 把一个发言人轰下（台）去. hooter n 1 (esp Brit) siren or steam whistle, esp as a signal for work to start or stop at a factory, etc 汽笛; （尤指工厂等发出上下班信号的）汽笛. 2 (dated 旧 esp Brit) car horn 汽车喇叭. 3 (Brit sl 俚) nose 鼻子.

Hoover
[5hu:vE(r); 5huvl] n (propr 专利名) vacuum cleaner 真空吸尘器. 派生： hoover v [Tn] clean (a carpet, etc) with a vacuum cleaner 用真空吸尘器吸乾净（地毯等）: hoover the rug, floor, hall, whole house 用真空吸尘器吸乾净小地毯、 地板、 大厅、 整个房子.

hooves
pl of hoof.

hop
1[hCp; hap] v (-pp-) 1 [I, Ipr, Ip] (a) (of a person) move by jumping on one foot （指人）单足跳跃, 单足跳行: * He had hurt his left foot and had to hop along. 他左脚受伤了, 不得不单足跳行. (b) (of an animal or a bird) move by jumping with both or all feet together （指鸟兽）双足或齐足跳行: * Several frogs were hopping about on the lawn. 有几只青蛙在草地上跳来跳去. 2 [Tn] cross (a ditch, etc) by jumping 跳过（沟等）. 3 [Ip] ~ across/over (to...) (infml 口) make a short quick trip to a place 作短途短期旅行: * I'm hopping over to Paris for the weekend. 我要去巴黎度周末. 4 (idm 习语) hop it (sl 俚) go away 走开: * Go on, hop it! 快点走开! * When the burglar heard their car he hopped it out of the window. 那窃贼听到他们汽车的声音就从窗口逃走了. hopping `mad (infml 口) very angry 极其愤怒的; 暴跳如雷的.5 (phr v) hop in/into sth; hop out/out of sth get into/out of (a car) 上[下]（汽车）: * Hop in, I'll give you a lift to the station. 上车吧, 我开车送你去车站. hop on/onto sth; hop off (sth) jump (esp quickly) onto/off (a bus, etc) 跳（尤指急忙地）上[下]（公共汽车等）. 派生： hop n 1 act of hopping; short jump, esp on one leg （单足或齐足）跳跃; 短距离跳跃（尤指单足）. 2 (infml 口) short flight or one stage in a long-distance flight 短距离飞行; （长距离飞行中的）一段航程: the long flight across the Atlantic, then the final hop from New York to Boston 先是横越大西洋的长距离飞行, 最後从纽约飞到波士顿 * We flew from London to Bombay in one hop. 我们从伦敦直接飞到孟买. 3 (infml 口) informal dance party （非正式的）舞会: Are you coming to the hop tonight? 今晚你来跳舞吗? 4 (idm 习语) on the `hop (infml 口) active; busy 活跃的; 忙碌的: I've been on the hop all day. 我一天到晚忙得团团转. (catch sb) on the `hop unprepared; taken by surprise 乘人不备的; 猝不及防的: You've caught me on the hop, I'm afraid give me five minutes to get ready. 你弄得我措手不及--给我五分钟准备一下吧.

hop1
复合： hopped-up[7hCpt 'Qp; 7hapt 'Qp] adj (US sl 俚) 1 excited, esp by drugs 兴奋的（尤因毒品所致）. 2 supercharged 增压的; 功率增大了的: * a ,hopped-up `engine 增压发动机.

hope
[hEup; hop] n 1 [C, U] ~ (of/for sth); ~ (of doing sth/that...) desire for sth to happen, combined with the expectation that it will 希望; 期望: * cherish a/the hope that he will recover 希望他恢复健康 * a ray of hope, ie a slight hope 一线希望 * Our hopes for fine weather were not disappointed. 我们盼望天气好, 这倒并未落空. * We've set/pinned all our hopes on you. 我们全指望你了. * She has (high) hopes (ie is very confident) of winning. 她对胜利充满信心. * Don't give up hope yet. 不要就此失去信心. * There is not much hope that they are/hope of their being still alive. 他们仍然活着的希望不大. * All hope (of finding them) was abandoned and the search was called off. （找到他们的）一切希望都已化为泡影, 因而搜寻工作停止了. 2 [C usu sing 通常作单数] person, thing or circumstance that encourages hope 使人抱有希望的人、 事物或情况: * You are my last hope; if you can't help, I'm ruined. 你是我最後的希望, 你要是帮不了我, 我就完了. * Does our only hope of survival lie in disarmament? 我们求生的唯一希望就在於裁军吗? 3 (idm 习语) be beyond hope have no chance of succeeding, recovering, etc （成功、 痊愈等）毫无希望. build up/raise sb's hopes encourage sb to expect better fortune, etc 使某人抱有希望: * Don't raise his hopes too much. 不要让他存有奢望. dash/shatter sb's hopes cause sb to lose hope 使某人失望; 使某人的希望破灭: * All our hopes were dashed by the announcement. 这事宣布後, 我们的一切希望都落空了. a forlorn hope => forlorn. have a hope (of doing sth) have a chance of succeeding, recovering, etc 有（成功、 痊愈等的）希望: * He has no hope of winning. 他没有希望获胜. hold out (some, not much, little, no, etc) hope (of sth/that...) provide (some, etc) reason to expect sth 对（某事物）抱（一些）希望: * The doctors held out no hope of recovery. 医生们对痊愈不抱希望. in the hope of sth/that... because of the wish for sth/that... 怀着...的希望:

hope1
* I called in the hope of finding her at home. 我希望她能在家才给她打的电话. live in hope; live in hope(s) of sth => live2. not have a hope in hell have no chance at all 不抱任何希望. not a `hope; ,some `hope! (there is) no chance at all (that that will happen) 毫无指望: * `He might turn up with the cash.’ `Some hope!’ ‘他也许会带钱来.’‘那是妄想!’ 派生： hope v [I, Ipr, Tf, Tt] ~ (for sth) 1 (a) desire and expect (sth) or feel confident (about sth) 希望, 期待（某事物）; （对某事物）有信心: We haven't heard from him for weeks but we're still hoping (for a letter). 我们已经有好几个星期没有听到他的消息了, 但是仍然在盼望着（能有信来）. * I hope to announce the winner shortly. 我希望马上宣布胜利者的名字. (b) wish (sth); desire 但愿（某事物）; 想望: `Will it rain tomorrow?’ `I hope not/so.’ ‘明天会下雨吗?’‘但愿不会下[能下].’ * We hope (that) you're well. 我们希望你健康. 2 (idm 习语) ,hope against `hope (that)... continue to hope for sth even though it is very unlikely 对某事物仍抱一线希望. ,hope for the `best hope for a favourable result 希望获得好结果. 复合： `hope chest (US) = bottom drawer (bottom). NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Compare hope and wish as verbs. 试比较作为动词的hope和wish. 1 Hope (that) indicates a desire relating to the past, present or future *hope (that)指与过去、 现在或未来有关的希望: I hope you weren't late. 我希望你没有迟到. * I hope you're ready. 我希望你已经准备好了. * We hope you'll be very happy. 我们希望你非常幸福. Wish (that) expresses regret about the past, present or future *wish (that)表达的是过去、 现在或将来发生的令人遗憾的事: I wish I hadn't gone to that party, ie but I went. 我那时要是不去参加聚会就好了（但是我去了）. * I wish I could speak Chinese, ie but I can't. 我要是会说汉语该多好（但是我不会说）.

hope2
* I wish I was going on holiday next month, ie but I'm not. 我要是下个月去度假多好哇（但是我不能去）. 2 Hope and wish can also be used with an infinitive, in which case their meanings are closer. *hope和wish亦可与不定式连用, 此时两者意义较为接近. She hopes to get a job overseas means she has a strong desire to get one and there's a good possibility that she will. *She hopes to get a job overseas（她希望找个海外的工作）意为她有此强烈愿望并极有可能实现. She wishes to get a job overseas is a formal way of saying that she wants to get one. *She wishes to get a job overseas（她盼望找个海外的工作）是表达她有此愿望的郑重说法.

hopeful
[5hEupfl; 5hopfEl] adj 1 [usu pred 通常作表语] ~ (of/about sth); ~ (that...) (of a person) having hope （指人）抱有希望: * be hopeful about the future 对未来充满希望 * I feel hopeful of success/that we shall succeed. 我对成功[我们将获得成功]抱有希望. 2 (of a sign, situation, etc) giving hope; likely to be favourable or successful; promising （指徵兆、 情况等）有希望的, 顺利的, 有前途的: * The future does not seem very hopeful. 前途似乎有点不妙. 派生： hopeful n person who hopes or seems likely to succeed 抱有希望的人; 有望获得成功的人: the young hopefuls, lined up before the judges 在评判员面前排成行的雄心勃勃的年轻人 * Many a young hopeful went toHollywood. 许多满怀希望的青年涌至好莱坞. hopefullyadv 1 in a hopeful way 抱有希望地: `I'm sure we'll find it,’ he said hopefully. ‘我肯定我们能找到它,’ 他信心十足地说. 2 it is to be hoped; let us hope 可望; 我们可以指望: Hopefully, we'll arrive before dark. 我们可望天黑以前到达. hopefulness n [U]. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: There is a group of adverbs and adverbial phrases (eg frankly, obviously, to begin with) which can be used in two distinct ways 有些副词和副词性词组（如frankly、 obviously、 to begin with等）可以有两种迥然不同的用法: 1 They may modify the whole sentence 可以用作全句的修饰语: Frankly, you are wrong. 说实在的, 你错了. * Obviously, I'd prefer a better job. 明说了吧, 我想找个更好的工作. * To begin with, I don't like his attitude. 第一 点, 我不喜欢他的态度. 2 They may simply modify the verb 可以单纯用作动词的修饰语: He spoke frankly (= in a frank way) about his past life. 他坦率地讲述了他过去的生活. * He pointed very obviously at the woman in the fur coat. 他显然指的是那个穿着毛皮大衣的女子. * I liked it in America to begin with. 我起初是喜欢美国的这一点的. Other examples are generally, hopefully, personally, really, sadly, seriously, thankfully. 属於这一类的还有generally、 hopefully、 personally、 really、 sadly、 seriously、 thankfully等. Some careful speakers use hopefully only in pattern 2, but its use in pattern 1 is now widely accepted. 有些用词严谨的人使用hopefully仅限於第2式, 但第一式的用法现已广为接受.

hopeless
[5hEuplis; 5hoplis] adj 1 most unlikely to improve, succeed, be settled, etc; causing despair 没有希望的; 令人绝望的: * a hopeless situation, struggle, attempt, etc 没有希望的局势、 斗争、 尝试等 * It's hopeless trying to convince her. 要说服她是没有希望的. * Most of the students are making good progress but Jeremy seems a hopeless case, ie he cannot or will not learn anything. 大多数学生进步都很快, 但杰里米却似乎无可救药. 2 ~ (at sth) (infml 口) (of a person) lacking in ability or skill; incompetent （指人）无能的, 无技巧的, 不能胜任的: * a hopeless cook, teacher, etc 滥竽充数的厨子、 教员等 * He's hopeless at maths. 他对数学一窍不通. > hopelessly adv: * a hopelessly ill patient 身患绝症的病人 * be hopelessly lost 完全失去踪影 * be hopelessly in love, in debt 堕入情网、 债台高 不能自拔. hopelessness n [U].

hopper
1[5hCpE(r); 5hapl] n (a) V-shaped structure for holding (esp) grain or coal, with an opening at its base through which the contents can pass into a mill, furnace, etc below （碾磨机、 熔炉等的）漏斗, 送料斗. (b) any similar device for feeding materials into a machine, etc （向机器等供料的）漏斗状装置.

hopscotch
[5hCpskCtF; 5hap7skatF] n [U] children's game of hopping into and over squares marked on the ground in order to retrieve a stone thrown into one of these squares 跳房子, 跳间（一种儿童游戏）.

horde
[hC:d; hCrd] n (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) very large group (esp of people); huge crowd; throng 大群, 大帮（尤指人）; 人群: * hordes of fans, tourists, football supporters, shoppers, etc 大群的狂热爱好者、 旅游者、 足球迷观众、 购物者等 * There were hordes of people at the jumble sale. 废旧货物拍卖场上人山人海. * Fans had descended on the concert hall in their hordes, ie in large numbers. 大群的歌迷一窝蜂地涌向音乐厅. * The plains were overrun by Tartar hordes. 这些平原上散布着鞑靼人的游牧部落.

horizon
[hE'raizn; hE'raizn] n 1 the horizon [sing] the line at which the earth and sky appear to meet 地平线: * The sun sank below the horizon. 太阳已落到地平线下. * A ship appeared on the horizon. 在天水交接处出现了一艘船. 2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] (fig 比喻) limit of a person's knowledge, experience, interest, etc （知识、 经验、 兴趣等的）范围, 见识, 眼界: * a woman of narrow horizons 眼界狭小的女子 * Travel broadens one's horizons. 旅行可开阔人的眼界. 3 (idm 习语) on the ho`rizon about to happen; just becoming apparent; imminent 即将发生的; 已露端倪的; 临近的: * There's trouble on the horizon. 很快就会出事.

horizontal
[7hCri5zCntl; - 7hC:r-; 7hCrE'zantl] adj parallel to the horizon; flat; level 与地平线平行的; 平的; 水平的: * a horizontal line 水平线. =>illus at vertical 见vertical插图. 派生： horizontal n [C, sing] horizontal line, bar, etc 水平的线、 条、 等: He shifted his position from the horizontal. 他在单 上变换了姿势. horizontally[-tEli; -tli] adv: * Lay it horizontally on the floor. 把它平放在地板上.

hormone
[5hC:mEun; 5hCrmon] n (a) substance produced within the body of an animal and carried by the blood to an organ which it stimulates to assist growth, etc; similar substance produced by a plant and transported in the sap 激素; 荷尔蒙: * [attrib 作定语] hormone deficiency, imbalance 激素缺乏、 失调. (b) synthetic substance that has a similar effect 合成激素. 派生： hormonal/hC:'mEunl; hCr'monl] adj of a hormone or hormones 激素的; 荷尔蒙的.

horn
[hC:n; hCrn] n 1 (a) [C] bony outgrowth, usu curved and pointed and one of a pair, on the heads of cattle, deer, rams and various other animals （牛、 鹿、 羊等动物的）角. =>illus at sheep 见sheep插图. (b) [U] hard smooth substance of which this is made 角质. 2 [C] any of the various wind instruments with a trumpet-shaped end （乐器中的）号: * a French `horn 法国号 * a `hunting horn 猎号. 3 [C] device for sounding a warning signal 示警装置: * a `car horn 汽车喇叭 * sound the horn to alert a cyclist 向骑自行车的人鸣喇叭示警 * (joc 谑) He's got a voice like a `fog-horn. 他嗓音像雾号, 又粗又响. 4 [C] thing resembling an animal's horn, eg the projection on the head of a snail 像动物的角之物（如蜗牛的触角）. 5 [C] either of the ends of the crescent moon （新月的）钩尖. 6 (idm 习语) draw in one's horns => draw2. on the horns of a di`lemma faced with a choice betwen things that are equally undesirable 进退维谷. take the bull by the horns => bull1. 派生： horn v (phr v) horn in (on sth) (sl 俚) join in (an attractive or a profitable undertaking, etc) without being invited; intrude 强行介入（有吸引力的或有利可图的事情等）; 闯入. horned adj (often in compound adjs 常用以构成复合形容词) having horns, esp of the specified type 有角的; （尤指）有某种角的: horned cattle 有角的牛 * long-horned cattle 长着长角的牛. hornless adj without horns 无角的. hornlike adj 1 similar to a horn(1a) in shape 角状的. 2 hard like horn(1b) 坚硬似角的. horny adj (-ier, -iest) 1 made of horn 角制的. 2 made hard and rough, eg by hard work 坚硬而粗糙的（如因做粗活儿所致）: horny hands 粗硬起茧的双手. 3 (sl 俚) sexually aroused 引起性欲的: feeling horny 欲火中烧. 复合： `hornbill n tropical bird with a hornlike growth on its beak 犀鸟. horn of plenty = cornucopia.

horn1
`horn-rimmed adj (of spectacles) with frames made of a material like horn （指眼镜）仿角质镜架的.

hornbeam
[5hC:nbi:m; 5hCrn7bim] n type of tree with smooth grey bark and hard tough wood, often used in hedges 鹅耳枥（树, 皮光滑, 灰色, 木质坚韧, 常用以构 树 ）.

hornet
[5hC:nit; 5hCrnit] n 1 large type of wasp that can give a severe sting 大黄蜂; 马蜂. 2 (idm 习语) a `hornet's nest attacks, criticism or abuse from several people, or angry quarrelling （一些人的）攻击、 批评或辱骂; 愤怒的争吵: * His letter to the newspaper about racialism in schools has stirred up a real hornet's nest. 他给报纸写的关於学校中存在种族歧视现象的信件引起了很大的麻烦.

hornpipe
[5hC:npaip; 5hCrn7paip] n 1 lively dance usu performed by one person and traditionally associated with sailors 角笛舞. 2 music for such a dance 角笛舞曲.

horoscope
[5hCrEskEup; - 'hC:r-; 5hCrE7skop] n 1 forecast of a person's future based on a diagram showing the relative positions of the planets, etc at a particular time, eg the time of his birth 占星术: * read one's horoscope 根据占星术算命. Cf 参看 astrology, zodiac. 2 such a diagram, made by an astrologer 天宫图.

horrendous
[hC'rendEs; hC'rendEs] adj (infml 口) horrifying; horrific 可怕的; 令人吃惊的: * horrendous queues, prices, clothes 令人吃惊的长队、 价格、 衣服 * That colour scheme is horrendous. 那样的色彩设计真让人吃惊. > horrendously adv: * horrendously expensive 贵得惊人的.

horrible
[5hCrEbl; - 'hC:r-; 5hCrEbl] adj 1 causing horror 可怕的; 令人恐惧的: * a horrible crime, nightmare, death 骇人听闻的罪行、 叫人心惊胆颤的恶梦、 令人恐惧的死亡. 2 (infml 口) very unpleasant 令人极不愉快的: * horrible weather, food, people 糟糕的天气、 难吃的食物、 极不友好的人 * It tastes horrible. 这味道很不好. * Don't be so horrible (to me). 别那麽（让我）讨厌. > horribly[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv: * horribly burnt 严重烧伤的 * He died horribly and in great pain. 他死得非常可怖、 非 常痛苦.

horrid
[5hCrid; - 'hC:rid; 5hCrid] adj 1 terrible; frightful; horrible 可怕的; 恐怖的; 令人惊恐的: * horrid cruelty, crimes 骇人听闻的残暴行为、 罪行. 2 (infml 口) very unpleasant 令人极不愉快的: * horrid weather, food, children 糟糕的天气、 难吃的食物、 讨厌的孩子 * Don't be so horrid to your little sister. 别对你的小妹妹那麽厉害. > horridly adv. horridness n [U].

horrific
[hE'rifik; hC'rifik] adj 1 causing horror; horrifying 令人恐惧的; 可怕的: * a horrific crash, murder 令人心惊胆颤的相撞事故、 谋杀. 2 (infml 口) excessive; causing horror 过分的; 吓人的: * horrific prices 过高的价格. > horrifically[-kli; -kli] adv (infml 口): * The hotel was horrifically expensive. 这旅馆收费高得吓人.

horrify
[5hCrifai; - 'hC:r-; 5hCrE7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn] fill (sb) with horror; shock greatly 使（某人）恐惧或受惊吓; 使震惊: * We were horrified by what we saw. 我们看到後很害怕. > horrifying adj: * a horrifying sight, experience 怵目惊心的景象、 使人震惊的经历 * (infml 口) I find their ignorance horrifying. 我感到他们简直愚昧到了极点. horrifyingly adv.

horror
[5hCrE(r); - 'hC:r-; 5hCrl] n 1 [U] feeling of intense fear or dismay; terror 恐怖; 恐惧; 惊恐: * I recoiled in horror from the snake. 那条蛇把我吓得直往後缩. * To her horror she saw him fall. 她看见他跌下而惊恐万状. * I have a/this horror of being trapped in a broken lift. 我常害怕电梯有故障会把我困於其中. 2 [U] (a) feeling of intense dislike; hatred 强烈的厌恶; 憎恶; 痛恨: * I have a deep horror of cruelty. 我对残暴的行为深恶痛绝. (b) horrifying nature 恐怖的性质或实况: * It's hard to appreciate the full horror of life in a prison camp. 战俘营中骇人听闻的生活惨状外人是很难完全体验到的. 3 [C] thing or person that causes hatred or fear 讨厌的事物或人; 令人感到恐怖的事物或人: * the horrors of war 战争的惨状. 4 [C] (infml 口) bad or mischievous person, esp a naughty child 坏蛋; 恶作剧的家伙; （尤指）顽皮的孩子: * Her son is a right little horror. 她的儿子是个不折不扣的小淘气. 5 the horrors [pl] (infml 口) fit of depression or nervousness, etc 抑郁症或神经过敏等之发作: * Having to address an audience always gives me the horrors. 在大庭广众面前讲话, 我总是感到非常紧张. 派生： horror adj [attrib 作定语] designed to entertain by arousing pleasurable feelings of horror, shock, etc 以恐怖、 惊吓等为刺激以资娱乐的: horror films/stories/comics 恐怖影片[故事/连环图画]. horrors interj (usu joc 通常作戏谑语) used to express fear or dislike 用以表示恐惧或厌恶: Oh horrors! Not another invitation to tea with Aunt Muriel! 哎哟! 可别再应邀去缪里尔大婶那里参加茶会了! 复合： `horror-stricken (also `horror-struck) adj overcome with horror; very shocked 受惊吓的; 惊恐万状的.

hors
d'oeuvre

hors de combat
[7C: dE 'kCmba:; 5CrdE'kamba] (French 法) unable to continue fighting because one is wounded 因受伤而不能继续战斗的; 丧失战斗力的: * (fig 比喻) I can't play you at squash this week I'm hors de combat with a twisted ankle. 本星期我不能和你打壁球了--我的脚踝扭伤了.

horse
radish

horse1
(fig 比喻),horse-and-buggy edu`cational methods 旧式教育方法. `horseback n (idm 习语) on `horseback mounted on a horse 骑着马的: riding on horseback 骑马. adv, adj [attrib 作定语] (esp US): Do you like to ride horseback? 你喜欢骑马吗? * horseback riding 骑马. `horse-box n closed vehicle for transporting a horse 运马用的棚车. ,horse-`chestnut n 1 large tree with widely spreading branches and tall clusters of white or pink flowers 七叶树, 马栗（高大乔木, 树枝扩展很大, 顶生白色或粉红色花簇）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page i. 2 its reddish-brown nut 七叶树的红褐色坚果. `horseflesh n [U] 1 (also `horsemeat) flesh of a horse, used as food （供食用的）马肉. 2 horses collectively 马（总称）: He's a good judge of horseflesh. 他是个相马能手. `horse-fly n any of various large insects that bite horses, cattle, etc 叮咬马、 牛等的大昆虫; 虻; 马蝇. `Horse Guards (Brit) cavalry brigade of troops guarding the sovereign 皇家骑兵卫队. `horsehair n [U] hair from the mane or tail of a horse, used esp for padding furniture, etc 马鬃, 马尾毛（尤用作家具等的垫料）. `horse laugh loud coarse laugh 哈哈大笑. `horseman[-mEn; -mEn] n (pl -men[-mEn; -mEn] , fem 阴性作 `horsewoman) rider on horseback, esp a skilled one 骑马者; （尤指）骑手. `horsemanship n [U] art of or skill in riding horses 骑术; 马术. `horseplay n [U] rough noisy fun or play 喧闹的娱乐. `horse-race n race between horses with riders 赛马. `horse-racing n [U] =>App 4 见附录4. `horse sense (infml 口) basic common sense; ordinary wisdom 常识; 一般的见识. `horseshoe (also shoe) n 1 U-shaped piece of iron nailed to the bottom of a horse's hoof and regarded as a symbol of good luck 马蹄铁; 马掌; 马蹄铁吉祥物.2 thing having this shape 马蹄铁形物: Stand in a horseshoe facing me. 面向我排成半圆形站着.

horse2
* [attrib 作定语] a horseshoe bend 马蹄铁形弯曲. `horse-trading n [U] (esp US) shrewd bargaining; clever business dealing 精明的讨价还价; 手段精明的交易. `horsewhip n whip used for driving horses 马鞭. v (-pp-) [Tn] beat (sb) with a horsewhip 用马鞭鞭打（某人）. `horsewoman n (pl -women) woman rider on horseback, esp a skilled one 骑马的女子; （尤指）女骑手: a fine horsewoman 出色的女骑手.

horsepower
[5hC:spauE(r); 5hCrs7paul] n (pl unchanged复数不变) (abbr 缩写 hp) unit for measuring the power of an engine, etc (550 foot-pounds per second, about 750 watts) 马力（功率单位, 1马力等於每秒钟把550磅重的物体提高1英尺所作的功, 约为750瓦）: * [attrib 作定语] a twelve horsepower engine 一台十二马力的发动机.

horsy
[5hC:si; 5hCrsi] adj 1 of or like a horse 马的; 似马的: * He had a long, rather horsy face. 他的脸很长, 有点像马的脸. 2 interested in or involved with horses and horse-racing; showing this in one's dress, conversation, etc 喜爱马和赛马的; （在衣着、 谈吐等方面）与马和赛马有关的: * She comes from a very horsy family. 她出生於一个爱马的家庭.

horticulture
[5hC:tikQltFE(r); 5hCrti7kQltFl] n [U] art of growing flowers, fruit and vegetables; gardening 园艺; 园艺学. 派生： horticultural[7hC:ti'kQltFErEl; 7hCrti'kQltFErEl] adj: * a horticultural show, society, expert 园艺展览、 协会、 专家. horticulturist[7hC:ti'kQltFErist; 7hCrti'kQltFErist] personwho practises horticulture; skilled gardener 园艺家; 园艺学家.

hosanna
[hEu'zAnE; ho'zAnE] interj, n shout of praise and worship to God 和散那（赞美和崇敬上帝的呼喊声）.

hose
1[hEuz; hoz] (also `hose-pipe) n [C, U] flexible tube made of rubber, plastic or canvas and used for directing water onto fires, gardens, etc 软管（橡皮、 塑料或帆布制成, 用以输水救火、 浇花等）: * a length of hose 一段软管 * The firemen played their hoses on (ie directed them at) the burning building. 消防队员用水龙向失火的建 物喷水. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page vii. 派生： hose v [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth/sb (down) wash or water sth/sb using a hose 用软管洗或浇某物[某人]: hose the flower-beds 用软管输水浇花坛里的花 * hose down the car 用软管输水冲洗汽车.

hosier
[5hEuziE(r); - -VEr; 5hoVl] n (dated or fml 旧或文) person who sells stockings and socks 卖袜子的商人. 派生： hosiery[5hEuziEri; - 'hEuVEri; 5hoVEri] n [U] (esp in shops 尤用於商店中) stockings, socks and knitted or woven underwear （袜子及内衣等）针织品: * [attrib 作定语] the hosiery department 针织品部.

hospice
[5hCspis; 5haspis] n 1 (a) hospital for dying people 末期病人安养所. (b) home for very poor people in need of food and shelter 救济院. 2 (arch 古) house where travellers could stay and rest, esp one kept by a religious order 旅客招待所（尤指宗教团体办的）.

hospitable
[ hC5spItEbl, also 5hCspItEbl; hB`spItEbl,`hBspItEbl] adj ~ (to/towards sb) (of a person) pleased to welcome and entertain guests; giving hospitality （指人）乐於接待客人的, 好客的: * She is always hospitable to visitors from abroad. 她总是殷勤招待外宾. > hospitably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv.

hospital
[5hCspitl; 5haspitl] n institution providing medical and surgical treatment and nursing care for ill or injured people 医院: * go to hospital, ie as a patient 去医院看病 * I'm going to the hospital to visit my brother. 我要去医院看望我的哥哥. * be admitted to/be taken to/be released from/be discharged from hospital 入[出]院 * The injured were rushed to hospital in an ambulance. 救护车把伤者火速送往医院. * He died in hospital. 他死在医院里. * I've never been in hospital, ie as a patient. 我从未住过院. * [attrib 作定语] a hospital nurse 医院护士 * receive hospital treatment 在医院接受治疗. =>Usage at school1 用法见school1. 派生： hospitalize, -ise v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] send or admit (sb) to hospital 将（某人）送入医院; 准予（某人）住院治疗. hospitalization, -isation/ 9hCspItElaI5zeIFn; US -lI5z-; 9hBspItElI`zeFEn/ n [U]: a long period of hospitalization 很长的住院治疗时期.

hospitality
[7hCspi'tAlEti; 7haspi'tAlEti] n [U] friendly and generous reception and entertainment of guests or strangers, esp in one's own home 殷勤待客; 好客: * Thank you for your kind hospitality. 谢谢你的盛情款待. * [attrib 作定语] a hospitality room, suite, coach, ie one reserved for the use of guests in a hotel, TV studio, etc （旅馆、 电视台等的）迎宾室、 套间、 大轿车.

host
1[hEust; host] n 1 ~ of sb/sth large number of people or things 大群, 众多, 许多（人或事物）: * He has hosts of friends. 他有很多朋友. * I can't come, for a whole host of reasons. 由於种种原因, 我来不了. 2 (arch 古) army 军队.

hostage
[5hCstidV; 5hastidV] n 1 person held as a captive by one or more others who threaten to keep, harm or kill him unless certain demands are met 人质: * The hijackers kept the pilot on board the plane as (a) hostage. 劫机者把飞机驾驶员扣留在飞机上作为人质. 2 (idm 习语) a ,hostage to `fortune (fml 文) person or thing that one acquires and may then suffer by losing, esp a husband or wife or child 希望得到的但需蒙受可能失去之痛苦的人或事物（尤指配偶或子女）. take/hold sb `hostage seize/keep sb as a hostage 抓住[扣押]某人作为人质: * The gunman is holding two children hostage in the building. 持枪歹徒把两个孩子扣押在这座建 物里当作人质.

hostel
[5hCstl; 5hastl] n building in which (usu cheap) food and lodging are provided for students, certain groups of workers, the homeless, travellers, etc （为学生、 某些工人、 无家者、 旅客等提供膳宿的）寄宿舍, 招待所（通常收费低廉）: * a youth hostel 青年招待所. 派生： hosteller (US hosteler)[5hCstElE(r); 5hastll] n person who travels around staying in youth hostels （沿途投宿青年招待所的）旅行者.

hostelry
[5hCstElri; 5hastlri] n (arch or joc 古或谑) inn; public house 客栈; 旅店: * Why don't we adjourn to the local hostelry? 我们怎麽不搬到本地旅馆去住呢?

hostess
[5hEustis; 5hostis] n 1 woman who receives and entertains one or more other people as guests （待客的）女主人. 2 woman employed to welcome and entertain people at a night-club, etc, or to provide information at an exhibition, etc （夜总会等的）女招待; （展览会等的）女解说员. 3 = air-hostess (air1). 4 female compere of a television programme, etc （电视节目等的）女主持人. Cf 参看 host 2.

hostile
[5hCstail; - -tl; 5hastl] adj 1 ~ (to/towards sb/sth) (a) showing strong dislike or enmity; very unfriendly 显示极厌恶的; 含敌意的; 极不友好的: * a hostile crowd, glance, review, reception 怀有敌意的群众、 一瞥、 评论、 接待 * She found his manner towards her distinctly hostile. 她觉得他对她的态度极不友好. (b) [usu pred 通常作表语] showing rejection of sth; opposed to sth 对某事物持否定态度; 反对某事物: * be hostile to reform 反对改革. 2 of an enemy; warlike 敌人的; 敌方的; 敌对的: * hostile aircraft 敌机. > hostilely adv.

hostility
[hC'stilEti; has'tilEti] n 1 [U] ~ (to/towards sb/sth) (a) being hostile (to sb/sth); antagonism; enmity 敌对; 对抗; 敌意: * feelings of hostility 敌对情绪 * feel no hostility towards anyone 对任何人均无敌意 * show hostility to sb/sth 对某人[某事物]表示敌意. (b) opposition; rejection 反对; 否决: * His suggestion met with some hostility. 他的建议遭到某种程度的反对. 2 hostilities [pl] acts of war; fighting 战争行动; 战斗:at the outbreak of hostilities 战争爆发时 * suspend hostilities, ie stop fighting 停战.

hot
[hCt; hat] adj (-tter, -ttest) 1 (a) having a relatively or noticeably high temperature; giving off heat 热的; 烫的: * a hot day, meal 热天、 热的饭菜 * hot weather, water 炎热的天气、 热水 * Cook in a very hot oven. 放在炽热的烤箱里烹调. * This coffee is too hot to drink. 这咖啡太烫, 不能喝. Cf 参看 cold1, warm1. (b) (of a person) feeling heat （指人）感到热的: * I am/feel hot. 我很热. (c) causing the sensation of heat 使人感到热的: * be in a hot sweat 热得出汗. 2 (of spices, etc) producing a burning sensation to the taste （指调味品等）辣的, 辛辣的: * a hot curry 辛辣的咖喱 * Pepper and mustard are hot. 胡椒和芥末都是辣的. 3 intense; fiery; passionate 强烈的; 激烈的; 热烈的: * have a hot temper, ie be easily angered脾气暴躁 * in the hottest part of the election campaign 在竞选活动最激烈的部分 * The current debate about privatization is likely to grow hotter in the coming weeks. 目前这场关於私有化的争论在未来几周内可能愈演愈烈. 4 (a) (of the scent in hunting) fresh and strong （指猎物的臭迹）新鲜而强烈的. (b) (of news) fresh, very recent and usu sensational （指新闻）新鲜、 及时且通常为引起轰动的: * a hot tip 最新秘闻 * a story that is hot off the press, ie has just appeared in the newspapers 刚见报的轰动新闻. 5 (infml 口) (of a competitor, performer or feat) very skilful or impressive （指竞赛者、 表演者或技艺）技术高明的, 令人赞叹的. 6 (sl 俚) (of goods) stolen and difficult to dispose of because of determined efforts made by the police to recover them （指物品）（因警方极力查找）难於销赃的: * This painting is too hot to handle. 这幅画不好销赃. 7 (of music, esp jazz) rhythmical and emotional; stirring （指音乐, 尤指爵士乐）节奏感强、 情绪激昂的, 扣人心弦的. 8 (sl 俚) radioactive 放射性的. 9 (infml 口) (in children's games, etc) very near the object sought; very close to guessing correctly （儿童游戏等）快找到目标的, 快猜中 的:

hot1
* You're getting really hot! 你快猜着了! 10 (idm 习语) be hot at/in/ on sth (infml 口) be skilled, gifted or knowledgeable in sth 有某方面的技艺、 才能或知识: * I'm good at history but not so hot at arithmetic. 我的历史成绩不错, 但算术不太好. be hot on sb (infml 口) be infatuated with sb; admire sb 迷恋某人; 爱慕某人. be in/get into hot `water (infml 口) be in/get into trouble or disgrace 惹来麻烦或羞辱. blow hot and cold => blow1. go/sell like hot `cakes sell quickly or in great numbers or quantity 畅销; 卖得快; 卖得多: * The new portable computers are going like hot cakes. 新的便携式计算机卖得很快. hot `air (infml 口) empty or boastful talk 空话; 大话. (all) hot and `bothered (infml 口) harassed because of fear, the pressure of work, the need to hurry, etc （因恐惧或担忧、 工作有压力、 紧迫等）心急火燎的. (too) hot for sb (infml 口) (too) difficult for sb to cope with 某人感到（太）难应付或处理: * When the pace got too hot for him, he disappeared. 他感到跟不上时, 便溜之大吉了. * They're making things very hot for her, ie making her life difficult or dangerous. 他们逼得她走投无路. (be) hot on sb's `heels following sb veryclosely 紧跟某人; 接踵而来. (be) hot on sb's `tracks/`trail; (be) hot on the trail (of sth) (infml 口) pursuing sb or searching for sth so closely that one has almost caught him or found it 紧追某人几至将其逮获; 彻底搜寻某物接近於发现目标. a hot po`tato (infml 口) thing or situation that is difficult or unpleasant to deal with 棘手的或讨厌的事物或情况: * The racial discrimination issue is a political hot potato. 种族歧视问题是政治上的棘手问题. the `hot seat (infml 口) the vulnerable position of a person who has important responsibilities and must face criticism, answer questions, etc 因身负重任而须面对批评、 回答问题等之难堪处境. a hot spot (infml 口) difficult or dangerous situation; place where

hot2
(eg political) trouble is likely 困难的或危险的情况; 可能（如在政治上）出事之处; 热点. hot `stuff (sl 俚) (a) person or thing of first-rate quality 第一流的人或事物: * She's really hot stuff at tennis. 她可真是网球好手. (b) sexually attractive person 性感的人. hot under the `collar (infml 口) angry, indignant or embarrassed 愤怒的; 愤慨的; 尴尬的. like a cat on hot bricks => cat1. not so/too/that `hot (infml 口) not well; not good 不太好; 不怎麽好: * `How do you feel?’ `Not so hot.’ ‘你觉得怎麽样?’‘不过如此. * Her exam results aren't too hot. 她考得不太好. piping hot => piping. strike while the iron is hot => strike2. 派生： hot v (-tt-) (phr v) hot up (infml 口) become more exciting or critical; intensify; increase 变得更兴奋或更紧急; 增强; 增加: With only a week to go before the election things are really hotting up. 还有一个星期就要进行选举, 一切越来越紧张了. hotly adv (a) passionately; excitedly; angrily 热烈地; 激动地; 愤怒地: a hotly debated topic 热烈辩论的话题 * Recent reports in the press have been hotly denied. 有关方面极力否认新闻界最近的报道. * `Nonsense!’ he replied hotly. ‘胡说!’他怒气冲冲地答道. (b) closely and determinedly 紧紧地; 坚决地: a hotly contested match 争夺激烈的比赛 * The pickpocket ran off, hotly pursued by the police. 那扒手望风而逃, 警察紧追不舍. 复合： hot-`air balloon = balloon 2. `hotbed n 1 bed of earth heated by rotting manure to help plants to grow （用粪肥发酵产生热量的）温床. 2 (fig 比喻) ~ of sth place where sth evil or undesirable is able to develop easily and freely （有利於坏事物滋生发展的）温床: a hotbed of vice, crime, intrigue, etc hot3 /// `hot cake (US) = pancake. ,hot cross `bun sweet bun (usu containing currants) marked with a cross and eaten toasted on Good Friday 十字面包（通常为带葡萄乾的甜面包, 表面有十字图案, 於耶稣受难节烤热食用）. ,hot `dog 1 hot sausage served in a soft bread roll, often with onions and mustard 热狗（中间夹有热香肠并常佐以碎洋葱和芥末的长圆面包）. 2 (US infml 口) (used as an interj to express pleasure or surprise 用作叹词, 表示高兴或惊讶). hot `favourite competitor most fancied to win a race, etc 竞赛等活动中众望所归的热门参赛者. ,hot`foot adv in great haste; quickly and eagerly 匆忙地; 急忙地: The children came running hotfoot when they heard tea was ready. 孩子们听说茶点已准备好了, 便赶紧跑过来. v (idm 习语) `hotfoot it (infml 口) walk or run hurriedly and eagerly 急走; 急跑: We hotfooted it down to the beach. 我们急急忙忙地赶到沙滩. ,hot `gospeller (infml often derog 口, 常作贬义) eager and enthusiastic preacher 热心的传教者; 狂热的鼓吹者. `hothead n person who often acts too hastily or rashly; impetuous person 性急的人; 急躁的人; 容易冲动的人. ,hot-`headed adj rash; impulsive; impetuous 性急的; 容易冲动的; 急躁的. ,hot-`headedly adv. ,hot-`headedness n [U]. `hothouse n heated building, usu made of glass, used for growing delicate plants in; greenhouse 温室; 暖房. `hot line direct and exclusive communication link between heads of government, eg those of Moscow and Washington 热线（政府首脑之间, 如莫斯科与华盛顿的首脑之间, 直通的通迅专线）. ,hot `money funds moved frequently from one financial centre to another by speculators seeking high interest rates and the greatest opportunity for profit 投机者为追求高利率及最大获利机会而由一金融中心转移到另一金融中心的频繁流动的资金; 国际游资. `hotplate n flat heated metal surface on a cooking stove, etc used for cooking food or keeping it hot （炉灶等上的金属的）加热板（用以烹制食物或使之保温）.

hot4
`hotpot n stew of meat and vegetables cooked in the oven in a dish with a lid 炖或焖的肉和蔬菜. `hot rod (sl 俚) motor vehicle modified to have extra power and speed （经改装而使功率加大的）高速汽车. `hotshot n (US infml 口) person who is skilful or talented in a showy or aggressive way 卖弄技艺的人; 艺高而自负的人: [attrib 作定语] a hotshot young lawyer 好展才的年轻律师. ,hot `spring spring1(2) of naturally hot mineral water 温泉. ,hot-`tempered adj easily becoming very angry 性情暴躁的. ,hot-`water bottle container, usu made of rubber, that is filled with hot water and put in a bed, etc to warm it 热水袋.

hotchpotch
[5hCtFpCtF; 5hatF7patF] (also hodgepodge/ 5hCdVpCdV; `hBdV9pBdV/) n (usu sing 通常作单数) number of things mixed together without order; confused jumble 杂乱的一堆东西; 乱七八糟的混杂物: * His essay was a hotchpotch of other people's ideas. 他的文章是把别人的想法拼凑在一起的大杂烩.

hotel
[hEu'tel; ho'tel] n building where rooms and usu meals are provided for people in return for payment 旅社; 旅馆: * staying at/in a(n) hotel 住旅馆. Cf 参看 inn. 派生： hotelier/hEu'teliE(r), -liei; - 7hEutel'jei; 7hotel'je] n person who owns or manages a hotel 旅馆老板; 旅馆经理.

hound
[haund; haund] n 1 type of dog used in hunting; foxhound 猎犬; 猎狐狗: * The hounds lost the scent of the fox. 这些猎犬失去了狐狸的臭迹. 2 (idm 习语) follow hounds => follow. ride to hounds => ride2. run with the hare and hunt with the hounds => hare. 派生： hound v 1 [Tn] pursue (sb) relentlessly and energetically (esp in order to obtain sth); harass 无情而竭力地追逼（某人）（尤指为了获得某物）; 烦扰; 纠缠: be hounded by reporters, one's creditors, the press 受到记者的纠缠、 债主的追逼、 新闻界的烦扰. 2 (phr v) hound sb/sth down find sb/sth after a persistent chase 穷追某人[某物]直至达到目的; 追寻到某人[某物]. hound sb out (of sth/...) force sb to leave (sth/a place) 强迫某人离开（某事物[某地]）: He was hounded out of his job by jealous rivals. 他受到忌妒他的竞争者的算计而被迫离职.

hour
[5auE(r); aur] n 1 [C] twenty-fourth part of a day and night; 60 minutes 小时: * The film starts at 7.30 and lasts two hours. 影片7点30分开演, 演两个小时. * work a forty-hour week 每周工作四十小时 * a three hours' journey/a three-hour journey 叁小时的旅程. =>App 5 见附录5. 2 (a) [C] number of hours past midnight, eg 1 o'clock, 2 o'clock, etc, as indicated by a clock, watch, etc 钟点; 点钟（如一点钟、 两点钟等）: * The clock strikes the hours but not the half-hours. 这个钟是正点打点而不是半小时打点. (b) hours [pl] (fml 文) (used when calculating time according to the 24-hour clock 用於24小时计时制): * It's eighteen hundred hours, ie 6 pm. 现在是十八点整（下午6点）. * It's twenty-one thirty hours, ie 9.30 pm. 现在是二十一点叁十分（晚上9点30分）. 3 hours [pl] fixed period of time for work, use of facilities, etc （工作、 设施等的）固定时间: * hours of business 营业时间 * Office hours are from 9 am to 5 pm. 办公时间从上午9点到下午5点. * Doctors work long hours. 医生的工作时间很长. 4 [C usu sing 通常作单数] period of about an hour, usu set aside for a specified purpose 约一小时的时间（通常指作某用途的）: * a long lunch hour 很长的午餐时间. 5 [C] distance that can be travelled in an hour 一小时的行程: * London's only two hours away. 到伦敦只需两小时. 6 [C] point in time 某一时刻: * He came at the agreed hour. 他在约定时间来到了. * Who can be ringing us at this late hour? 谁能在这麽晚的时间给我们打电话呢? 7 [C usu sing 通常作单数] indefinite period of time 不确定的一段时间: * the country's finest hour 乡村中最好的时间 * She helped me in my hour of need. 她在我需要的时候帮助了我. 8 (idm 习语) ,after `hours after a period of regular business, etc 下班後: * Staff must stay behind after hours to catch up on their work. 下班後工作人员需要留下来把工作赶完. at/till `all hours at/till any time, however unsuitable or inconvenient 在[到]任何时候（不管多麽不适宜或不方便）亦在所不惜:

hour1
* She stays out till all hours, ie very late. 她在外面一直呆到很晚的时候. * He's inclined to telephone at all hours of the day or night. 他不分白天黑夜, 想打电话就打. at the e,leventh `hour at the last possible moment; only just in time 在最後的时刻; 刚刚来得及: * The president's visit was called off at the eleventh hour. 总裁的这次访问到时取消了. * [attrib 作定语] an e,leventh-hour de`cision 犹未为晚的决定. the early hours => early. keep late, early, regular, etc `hours go to bed or work late, early, for a normal and regular period of time, etc 作息时间较正常的或规定的时间等为晚、 为早等. on the `hour at exactly 1 o'clock, 2 o'clock, 3 o'clock, etc 在某一正点: * My appointment was for 9 am and I arrived on the hour, ie at 9 am precisely. 我的约会时间定在上午9点, 我到达时9点整. * The London bus departs every hour on the hour. 伦敦的公共汽车每小时零分开出一趟. ,out of `hours (a) before or after one's regular work time 在工作时间之外. (b) (esp Brit) during times when alcohol may no longer be sold in bars 在酒吧间不再售酒的时候. the small hours => small. one's waking hours => wake1. 派生： hourly[5auEli; 5aurli] adv 1 every hour 每小时（一次）: * This medicine is to be taken hourly. 这药每小时服一次. 2 at any time 随时: * We're expecting news hourly. 我们时刻期待着消息. adj 1 done or occurring every hour 每小时一次的: * an hourly bus service 每小时一班的公共汽车 * Trains leave at hourly intervals. 列车每隔一小时开出一趟. 2 calculated by the hour 按钟点计算的: * be paid on an hourly basis 按钟点获取报酬. 3 continual; frequent 不断的; 频繁的: * live in hourly dread of being discovered 时时刻刻担心被人发觉. 复合： `hourglass n hour2 /// `hour-hand n small hand on a clock or watch, indicating the hour （钟表的）时针.

houri
[5huEri; 5huri] n beautiful young woman of the Muslim paradise （伊斯兰教）天堂的美女.

house
1[haus; haus] n (pl ~s[5hauziz; 5hauziz] ) 1 [C] (a) building made for people to live in, usu for one family or for a family and lodgers 房子; 住宅. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, pages vi, vii. (b) (usu sing 通常作单数) people living in such a building 住在一所房子中的人们; 家人: * Be quiet or you'll wake the whole house! 安静点吧, 别把全家人都吵醒了! 2 [C] (in compounds 用以构成复合词) building made or used for some special purpose or for keeping animals or goods in 为某种目的而建造的房子; 用作某目的的建 物; （动物的）棚, 舍; （储物的）库, 房: * an `opera-house * a `schoolhouse * a `hen-house * a `store-house. 3 [C] (a) building in which a religious community or a section of a boarding-school or college lives 宗教会所; （学校中包膳食的）寄宿舍. (b) (group of pupils in) each of the divisions of a day-school for competitive purposes, esp sport 日校学生为进行比赛（尤指体育）而分的组; 组成竞赛小组的学生. 4 (usu 通常作 House) [C] (building used by a) group of people who meet to discuss or pass laws 议院（大楼）: * the ,House of `Commons/`Lords 下[上]议院 * the ,Houses of `Parliament 议会 * This house condemns the Prime Minister's action, eg said in a debate. 本议会谴责首相所采取的行动（如在辩论中宣称）. 5 the House [sing] (infml 口) (a) (Brit) the House of Commons or the House of Lords 下议院或上议院: * enter the House, ie become an MP 进入议院（当议员）. (b) (Brit) the Stock Exchange 证券交易所. (c) (US) the House of Representatives 众议院. 6 [C] business firm 商业机构: * a fashion house 时装商店 * a banking house 银行 * [attrib 作定语] house style, ie written style established by a newspaper, publishing firm, etc 报刊、 出版社等自己的文字风格. 7 (usu 通常作 House) [C] royal family or dynasty 皇族; 王朝:

house1
* the House of Windsor, ie the British Royal Family 英国王室. 8 [C](a) (usu sing 通常作单数) audience in a theatre, concert hall, etc （剧院、 音乐厅等的）观众, 听众: * Is there a doctor in the house? 观众中有医生吗? (b) theatre, etc building 剧场等娱乐场所（指建 物）: * a full house, ie with every seat occupied 客满 * an orchestra playing to packed houses, ie full concert halls 为座无虚席的全场听众演出的管弦乐队. (c) performance in a theatre, etc （戏剧等的）演出场次: * The second house starts at 8 o'clock. 第二场演出8点钟开始. 9 [C] each of the twelve parts into which the heavens are divided in astrology 占星术中把天分成的十二个部分之一; 黄道十二宫之一. 10 (idm 习语) bring the `house down make an audience laugh or applaud loudly 使观众或听众欢声或掌声如雷. eat sb out of house and home => eat. get on like a `house on fire (infml 口) (of people) quickly become very friendly; have an agreeable and cheerful relationship （指人）很快就亲热起来或关系融洽. a half-way house => half-way (half2). keep `house manage the affairs of a household 管理家务. keep open house => open1. the lady of the house => lady. master in one's own house => master1. move house => move2. not a dry eye in the house => dry1. on the `house paid for by the pub, firm, etc; free 由店家、 公司等负担费用; 免费: * The landlord gave us a drink on the house. 店主免费请我们喝酒. put/set one's (own) `house in order organize one's own affairs efficiently 把自己的事情处理得井井有条. safe as houses => safe1. set up `house (together) live together as man and wife 过夫妻生活. 派生： `houseful[-ful; -7ful] n as much or many as a house can contain or accommodate 整座房子所容纳的量: * have a houseful of guests 有整座房子的客人. 复合： `house-agent n = estate agent (ateestate).

house2
,house `arrest detention in one's own house, not in prison 软禁: be (kept) under house arrest 受到软禁. `houseboat n boat, usu stationary on a river, equipped as a place to live in 用於居住的船; 水上住宅. `house-bound adj unable to leave one's house, eg because of illness 不能离家的（如因病）. `housebreaking n [U] entering a building without right or permission in order to commit a crime 私自入室图谋不轨; 破门入屋. `housebreaker n. `housecoat n woman's long dress-like garment for informal wear in the house （女子在家穿的）宽松长袍. `housecraft n [U] theory and practice of running a home 家政（学）. `house-dog n dog kept to guard a house 看家狗; 守门犬. `house-father n man in charge of children in an institution, esp a children's home （儿童设施, 尤指儿童福利院的）男舍监, 男管理员. `house-fly n (pl -flies) common fly found in and around houses 苍蝇. `housekeeper n person (esp a woman) employed to manage a household 管家（尤指女性）. `housekeeping n [U] 1 management of household affairs 家务管理. 2 money allowed for this 家务开支. `house lights lights in the auditorium of a theatre, cinema, etc （剧院、 电影院等的）观众席照明灯. `housemaid n woman servant in a house, esp one who cleans rooms, etc （尤指清扫房间等的）女仆, 女用人. housemaid's `knee inflammation of the kneecap, caused by kneeling too much （因经常用跪着姿势而引起的）髌前滑囊炎. `houseman[-mEn; -mEn] n (pl -men[-mEn; -mEn] ) (Brit) (US intern[5intE:n; 5intEn] ) resident junior doctor at a hospital, etc 驻院实习医生. `house-martin n bird that builds its nest of mud in the walls of houses and in cliffs 家燕（ 巢於房屋的墙上和峭壁上的燕子）. `housemaster n (fem 阴性作 `housemistress) teacher in charge of a house(3a) at a boarding-school （寄宿学校的）舍监.

house3
`house-mother n woman in charge of children in an institution, esp a children's home （儿童设施, 尤指儿童福利院的）女舍监, 女管理员. ,house of `cards 1 tower-like structure built by balancing playing-cards against and on top of each other 搭成屋形的纸牌. 2 (fig 比喻) scheme, etc that is likely to collapse 不大可行的计画等. the ,House of `Commons (also the `Commons) (a) the assembly of elected representatives of the British or the Canadian Parliament （英国或加拿大议会中的）下议院, 众议院. (b) the building where they meet 下议院大楼. Cf 参看 the House of Lords. ,House of `God (fml 文) church or chapel 教堂. the ,House of `Lords (also the `Lords) (a) the assembly of members of the nobility and bishops in the British Parliament （英国议会中的）上议院, 贵族院. (b) the building where they meet 上议院大楼. Cf 参看 the House of Commons. the ,House of ,Repre`sentatives the assembly of elected representatives in the central government of the USA, Australia and New Zealand （美国、 澳大利亚和新西兰的中央政府所设之）众议院. Cf 参看 congress 2, senate 1. `house party group of guests staying at a country house, etc 留宿於乡村府第等中的宾客们. `house physician doctor living in a hospital as a member of its staff 驻院内科医师. `house-proud adj giving great attention to the care and appearance of one's home 对家事格外关心的; 热衷於美化家庭的. `house-room n [U] (idm 习语) not give sb/sth `house-room not want to have sb/sth in one's house, etc 家中不留某人（某物）: I wouldn't give that table house-room. 我才不要那张桌子呢. the ,Houses of `Parliament (a) the House of Commons and the House of Lords, regarded together （包括上、 下两院的）议会. (b) the group of buildings in London where these two assemblies meet （伦敦的）议会大厦. `house-sparrow (also sparrow) n common grey and brown bird 家雀. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page iv.

house4
`house surgeon surgeon living in a hospital as a member of its staff 驻院外科医师. ,house-to-`house adj [attrib 作定语] calling at each house in turn 挨家挨户的: The police made house-to-house enquiries. 警方进行了逐户调查. `house-tops n (idm 习语) (proclaim, shout, etc sth) from the `house-tops (announce sth) publicly so that many people know about it 公开（宣布或宣扬某事物）; 公之於世. `house-trained adj (of pet cats, dogs, etc) trained not to defecate and urinate inside the house （指猫、 狗等宠物）经训练不在室内便溺的: (fig joc 比喻, 谑) His manners were appalling before he got married, but his wife soon got him house-trained. 他以前很没规矩, 婚後不久妻子就把他管教好了. `house-warming n party given to celebrate the move into a new home 庆祝乔迁的宴会: [attrib 作定语] have/throw a house-warming party 举行乔迁宴会. `housewife n (pl -wives) woman whose occupation is looking after her family, cleaning the house, etc, and who usu does not have full-time paid work outside the home 家庭主妇; 家庭妇女. `housewifely adj of a housewife 家庭主妇的: housewifely skills 主妇的持家本领. `housewifery[-wifEri; -7waifri] n [U] work of a housewife 家务; 家政. `housework n [U] work done in a house, eg cleaning and cooking 家务劳动（如打扫卫生和烹调食品）.

household
[5haushEuld; 5haus7hold] n 1 all the people (family, lodgers, etc) living together in a house 同住在一所房子里的人（家人、 房客等）; 一家人; 家庭: * I grew up as part of a large household. 我是在一个大家庭里长大的. * [attrib 作定语] household (ie domestic) expenses, duties, goods 家庭的开销、 事务、 用品. 2 (idm 习语) a ,household `name/`word name of a person or thing that has become very well known because it is so often used 家喻户晓的名字或名称: * The product was so successful that its name became a household word. 这一产品非常成功, 其名称已经家喻户晓. 派生： `householder n[-hEuldE(r); -7holdl] 1 person who rents or who owns and occupies a house (ie not a person who lives in a hotel, etc) 住户; 房主. 2 head of a household 家长; 户主. 复合： ,household `troops soldiers employed to guard the sovereign 王室禁卫军.

housing
[5hauziN; 5hauziN] n 1 [U] houses, flats, etc, considered collectively; accommodation 房屋、 住宅等（总称）; 住处: * More housing is needed for old people. 需要为老年人提供更多的住宅. * [attrib 作定语] poor housing conditions 恶劣的居住条件. 2 [U] providing accommodation for people 供给住房: * [attrib 作定语] the council's housing policy 市建住房政策. 3 [C] hard casing that protects machinery, etc 机器等的防护外壳或外罩: * a car's rear axle housing 汽车的後轴套. 复合： `housing association society formed by a group of people with the aim of building and providing housing at reasonable cost and without making a profit 房屋协会（非牟利的团体, 旨在以廉宜的费用建房和提供住宅）. `housing estate area in which a number of houses for living are planned and built together 统建的住宅区.

hove
=> heave.

hovel
[5hCvl; - 'hQvl; 5hQvl] n (derog 贬) small house that is unfit to live in; very poor and squalid dwelling 不适於居住的小屋; 简陋肮脏的住所.

hover
[5hCvE(r); - 'hQvEr; 5hQvl] v [I, Ipr, Ip] 1 (of birds, etc) remain in the air in one place （指鸟等）Λ翔, 盘旋: * a hawk hovering above/over its prey 在猎物头顶上盘旋的一只鹰 * There was a helicopter hovering overhead. 有一架直升飞机在头顶上盘旋. 2 (a) (of a person) wait in a timid and uncertain manner （指人）彷徨, 踌躇: * I can't work with you hovering over me like that. 你那样拿不定主意, 我实在无法与你合作. * She's always hovering around the place annoying people. 她老是在周围转来转去打搅别人. * He hovered about outside, too afraid to go in. 他在外面犹豫徘徊, 因过於胆怯而不敢进去. (b) remain near sth or in an uncertain state 留在某事物近旁; 维持某种不确定状态: * hovering between life and death 处於生死之间 * a country hovering on the brink of war 陷於战争边缘的国家. 复合： `hovercraft n (pl unchanged 复数不变) vehicle that is capable of moving over land or water while supported on a cushion of air made by jet engines 气垫飞行器, 悬浮运载工具（藉喷气发动机所产生的气垫支持, 可在陆地或水面的上方运行）; 气垫船; 悬浮车.

how
[hau; hau] interrog adv 1 in what way or manner 怎样; 怎麽; 如何: * How is the word spelt? 这个字怎麽拼? * Tell me how to spell it. 告诉我怎麽拼. * How did you escape? 你是怎样脱逃的? * Tell us how you escaped. 告诉我们你是怎样脱逃的. * How are things going (ie Is your life good or bad) at the moment? 你现在情况怎麽样（生活得好不好）? 2 in what state of health; in what condition 健康状况怎麽样; 情况如何: * How are the children? 孩子们身体好吗? * How is (ie What is your opinion of) your job? 你的工作怎麽样? 3 (used before an adj or adv 後接形容词或副词) to what extent or degree 到什麽程度; 到何种地步; 多少; 多麽: * How old is she? 她有多大年纪了? * How long did you wait? 你等了多长时间了? * How often do you go swimming? 你多久去游泳一次? * How fast can she run? 她能跑多快? * How much money have you got? 你有多少钱? 4 (used in exclamations to comment on extent or degree 用於感叹句中, 当言及所达到的状况或程度时): * How dirty that child is. 那孩子多脏啊. * How kind of you to help. 有你的帮助真是太好了. * How pale she looks. 她看上去多麽苍白啊. * How well he plays the violin. 他小提琴拉得多好啊. * How he snores! ie He snores very loudly. 他鼾声真大! 5 (idm 习语) ,and` how! (infml 口) (used to agree strongly and sometimes ironically 用以表示极为赞同, 有时为反语): * `He's done very well, hasn't he?’ `Andhow!’ ‘他干得好极了, 对吗?’‘那还用说!’ how about?(used to make a suggestion 用以提出建议): * How about going for a walk? 去散散步好吗? * How about a hot bath? 洗个热水澡怎麽样? ,how's `that? (a) what is the explanation for that? 那是怎麽回事? (b) (used when asking sb's opinion of sth 用於徵询某人对某事物的意见时): * How's that for punctuality? 你对遵守时间有什麽看法? (c) (used by the fielding side in cricket to ask the umpire if the batsman is out or not 板球运动中防守一方向裁判员询问击球手是否出局的用语).

how1
派生： how conj (infml 口) the/any way in which 怎样; 如何: She described to me how he ran up to her and grabbed her handbag. 她向我讲述了他是怎样跑到她跟前抢走她的手提包的. * I can dress how I like in my own house! 我在自己家里想穿什麽就穿什麽!

howdah
[5haudE; 5haudE] n seat, usu with a canopy, for riding on the back of an elephant or a camel 象轿, 驼轿（架在象或骆驼的背上供人乘骑的通常带有篷盖的座位）.

however
[hau'evE(r); hau'evl] adv 1 (used before an adj or adv 後接形容词或副词) to whatever extent or degree 无论如何; 不管多麽: * You won't move that stone, however strong you are. 不管你力气多大, 也休想搬动那块石头. * She leaves her bedroom window open, however cold it is. 无论天气多麽冷, 她都敞着卧室的窗户. * He will never succeed however hard he tries. 不论他怎样努力, 都不会获得成功. * However short the journey is, you always get something to eat on this airline. 不管航程多麽短, 这一班机上都有些吃的. 2 (used to comment on a previously stated fact 用於言及既成事实时表示转折) although sth is, was or may be true; nevertheless 然而; 不过; 仍然: * She felt ill. She went to work, however, and tried to concentrate. 她病了. 然而她照旧去上班, 并且尽力集中精神工作. * His first response was to say no. Later, however, he changed his mind. 他最初的反应是不同意. 可是後来他改变了主意. * I thought those figures were correct. However, I have recently heard they were not. 我原以为那些数字正确无误. 不过我最近听说并不正确. => Usage at although 用法见although. 派生： however conj in any way; regardless of how 无论以何种方式; 不管怎样: You can travel however you like. 你可以随心所欲地去旅行. * However I approached the problem, I couldn't find a solution. 这一问题我不管怎样都无法解决. however interrog adv (expressing surprise 表示惊奇) in what way; by what means 究竟怎样; 到底以什麽方式: However did you get here without a car? 没有汽车你究竟是怎样来的呢? * However does he manage to write music when he is so deaf? 他聋成这个样子, 究竟是怎样从事作曲的呢?

howitzer
[5hauitsE(r); 5hauitsl] n short gun for firing shells at a high angle and at short range 榴弹炮.

howl
[haul; haul] n (a) long loud wailing cry of a dog, wolf, etc （狗、 狼等的）尖利的长嚎, 龟叫. (b) loud cry of a person expressing pain, scorn, amusement, etc （表示疼痛、 轻蔑、 高兴等的）高声叫喊: * let out a howl of laughter, agony, rage 发出狂笑、 哀号、 怒吼声 * (fig 比喻) The proposed changes caused howls of protest from the public. 拟议中的改革引起公众一片抗议的呼声. (c) similar noise made by a strong wind, an electrical amplifier, etc （狂风、 电力扬声器等的）啸鸣. 派生： howl v 1 [I, Ipr] make a howl 尖声嚎叫; 龟叫; 大声叫喊; 啸鸣: wolves howling in the forest 在森林中龟叫的狼 * howl in agony 哀叫 * howl with laughter 高声大笑 * The wind howled through the trees. 风呼啸着穿过树林. 2 [I] weep loudly 大声哭: The baby howled all night. 那婴儿哇哇地哭了一夜. 3 [Tn] utter (sth) with a howl 吼叫着说出（某事）: `I hate you all!’ she howled. ‘我恨你们所有的人!’她吼叫着说. * The crowd howled its displeasure. 人群怒吼着表示不满. 4 (phr v) howl sb down (of an audience, etc) prevent a speaker from being heard by shouting scornfully （指听众等）以表示轻蔑的吼叫声压倒讲演者的声音, 把讲演者轰下台.

howler
[5haulE(r); 5haull] n (dated infml 旧, 口) foolish and obvious mistake, esp in the use of words 愚蠢而明显的错误（尤指措辞）: * schoolboy howlers 小学生的用词错误.

howling
[5hauliN; 5hauliN] adj [attrib 作定语] (infml 口) very great; extreme 极大的; 极端的: * a howling success 极大的成功 * Shut the door there's a howling draught in here! 把门关上吧--这儿穿堂风太大!

hoyden
[5hCidn; 5hCidn] n (fml derog 文, 贬) girl who behaves in a wild noisy manner 撒野的女孩子; 胡闹的姑娘. > hoydenish[-dEniF; -dEniF] adj.

hp
(also HP)[7eitF 'pi:; 7etF 'pi] abbr 缩写 = 1 (Brit) hire-purchase: * buy a new television on (the) hp 用分期付款方式购买一台新电视机. 2 horsepower (of an engine).

HQ
[7eitF 'kju:; 7etF 'kju] abbr 缩写 = headquarters: * see you back at HQ 咱们回到总部见面 * police HQ 警察总局.

hr
abbr 缩写 = (pl hrs) hour: fastest time 1 hr 最快班次1小时 * The train leaves at 15.00 hrs. 列车15点整发车. Cf 参看 min 2.

HRH
[7eitF a:(r) 'eitF; 7etF ar 'etF] abbr 缩写 = His/Her Royal Highness 殿下（用於他称）: * HRH the Duke of Edinburgh 爱丁堡公爵殿下 * (infml 口) HRH was there. 殿下在那儿呢.

hub
[hQb; hQb] n 1 central part of a wheel from which the spokes radiate 轮毂. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xiii. 2 (fig 比喻) central point of activity, interest or importance （活动、 兴趣或要务的）中心: * a hub of industry, commerce, etc 工业、 商业等中心 * He thinks that Boston is the hub of the universe. 他认为波士顿是世界的中心. 复合： `hub-cap n round metal cover over the hub of a car wheel （汽车的）毂盖. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xii.

hubble
bubble

hubbub
[5hQbQb; 5hQbQb] n [sing, U] (a) loud confused noise, eg of many voices; din 喧嚷; 喧闹; 嘈杂声. (b) disturbance; uproar 混乱; 骚乱; 闹哄哄.

hubby
[5hQbi; 5hQbi] n (Brit infml 口) husband 丈夫.

hubris
[5hju:bris; 5hjubris] n [U] (fml 文) arrogant pride 傲慢.

huckleberry
[5hQklbEri; - -beri; 5hQkl7beri] n 1 low shrub common in N America 越橘树（北美常见的灌木）. 2 its small dark-blue berry 越橘（越橘树的深蓝色小浆果）.

huckster
[5hQkstE(r); 5hQkstl] n person who sells goods in the street; hawker 沿街叫卖的小贩.

huddle
[5hQdl; 5hQdl] v 1 [Ipr, Ip, Tn.pr esp passive 尤用於被动语态, Tn.p esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (cause sb/sth to) crowd or be heaped together, esp in a small space （使某人[某物]）聚集在一起（尤指在某狭小空间内）: * sheep huddling (up) together for warmth 挤在一起取暖的羊 * We all huddled around the radio to hear the news. 我们大家围聚在收音机旁听新闻广播. * The clothes lay huddled up in a pile in the corner. 衣服乱成一团, 堆放在角落里. 2 (phr v) ~ up (against/to sb/sth) curl one's body up into a small space; snuggle 把身子蜷成一团; 蜷缩: * Tom was cold so he huddled up against the radiator. 汤姆感到冷, 所以他挨着散热器把身子缩成一团. 派生： huddle n 1 number of people or things close together without order 挤作一团的人; 杂乱地堆在一起的东西: People stood around in small huddles, sheltering from the rain. 人们叁五成群地挤在一起避雨. * Their clothes lay in a huddle on the floor. 他们的衣服杂乱地堆在地板上. 2 (idm 习语) go into a `huddle (with sb) (infml 口) hold a private or secret conference 进行私下商议; 举行秘密会议.

hue
1[hju:; hju] n (fml 文) colour; variety or shade of colour 颜色; 色彩; 色调; 色度: * birds of many different hues 各种不同颜色的鸟 * Add orange paint to get a warmer hue. 加些橙色颜料使之略呈暖色. 派生： -hued/hju:d; hjud] (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having the specified colour 有某种颜色的: * `dark-hued * `many-hued.

huff
1[hQf; hQf] n (usu sing 通常作单数) fit of bad temper or annoyance (used esp in the expressions shown) 一阵恼火（尤用於以下示例）: * be in a huff 发怒 * get/go into a huff 发怒 * go off in a huff 愤然走开. 派生： huffish, huffy adjs (a) in a bad temper 怒气冲冲的. (b) easily offended 易生气的. huffily adv.

hug
[hQg; hQg] v (-gg-) [Tn] 1 put the arms round (sb/sth) tightly, esp to show love 紧紧抱住（某人[某物]）; （尤指示爱）拥抱, 搂抱. 2 (of a bear) squeeze (sb/sth) between its front legs （指熊）用两只前腿抱住（某人[某物]）. 3 (of a ship, car, etc) keep close to (sth) （指船只、 汽车等）紧挨着（某物）: * hug the shore, kerb 贴近岸边、 路缘 * tyres that help a vehicle to hug the road 能贴紧路面的车辆轮胎. 4 fit tightly round (sth) 紧紧箍在（某物）上: * a figure-hugging dress 紧身连衣裙. 5 cling firmly to and take pleasure in (opinions) 坚持并乐於信守（某观点）: * hug one's cherished beliefs 坚持自己所抱的信念. 派生： hug n strong clasp with the arms, esp to show love; tight embrace 紧紧的拥抱（尤指为示爱）; 紧搂: She gave her mother an affectionate hug. 她紧紧拥抱着她的母亲.

huge
[hju:dV; hjudV] adj very large in size or amount; enormous 极大的; 巨大的: * a huge elephant 巨大的象 * Canada is a huge country. 加拿大是个幅员广大的国家. * have a huge appetite 胃口很大 * huge debts, profits 巨额的债务、 利润. 派生： hugely adv enormously, very much 极大地; 非常: be hugely successful 非常成功 * enjoy oneself hugely 过得十分愉快. hugeness n [U].

hugger
mugger

Huguenot
[5hju:gEnEu; 5hjugE7nat] n (formerly) French Protestant （旧时）法国基督教新教徒.

huh
[hQ; hQ] interj (used to express scorn, disgust, enquiry, etc 用以表示轻蔑、 厌恶、 疑问等): * You think you know the answer, huh? 你以为你知道那答案吗, 嗯?

hulk
[hQlk; hQlk] n 1 body of an old ship which is no longer in use （废弃的旧船的）船体: * rotting hulks on the beach 在海滩上的腐烂的船体. 2 very large and usuclumsy person or thing 很大的而且通常为很笨的人或物. 派生： hulking adj [attrib 作定语] (infml 口) (of a person or thing) very big or heavy and usu awkward or clumsy （指人或物）很大的, 很重的, （通常指）很笨拙的: a hulking great brute of a man 彪形蠢汉.

hull
1[hQl; hQl] n body of a ship 船体; 船身: * a fully-loaded tanker with its hull low in the water 船身没入水中的满载的油船. =>illus at catamaran, yacht 见catamaran和yacht插图.

hullabaloo
[7hQlEbE'lu:; 5hQlEbE7lu] n (pl ~s) (usu sing 通常作单数) continuous loud noise, esp of people shouting; uproar; din （尤指人的）持续的吵闹声, 喧闹, 嘈杂: * make a hullabaloo (about sth) （为某事物）大吵大闹.

hullo
= hallo.

hum
[hQm; hQm] v (-mm-) 1 (a) [I] make a low steady continuous sound like that made by bees 发嗡嗡声（如蜜蜂的声音）. (b) [I] utter a slight sound, esp of hesitation 发嗯嗯声（尤表示犹豫）. (c) [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (to sb) sing (a tune) with closed lips 哼（曲子）: * She was humming (away) to herself. 她在低声哼唱. * I don't know the words of the song but I can hum it to you. 我不知道这首歌的歌词, 但我可以哼给你听. 2 [I, Ipr] (infml 口) be in a state of activity 活跃: * make things hum 使事情显得有生气 * The whole place was humming (with life) when we arrived. 我们到达时, 到处是繁忙的景象. 3 [I] (sl 俚) smell unpleasantly 发出臭味. 4 (idm 习语) ,hum and `ha; ,hum and `haw (infml 口) take a long time to make a decision; hesitate 踌躇再叁; 迟疑: * We hummed and ha'd for ages before deciding to buy the house. 我们犹豫了很久, 才决定买这所房子. 派生： hum n (usu sing 通常作单数) 1 humming sound, esp of an insect; indistinct murmur, esp of many voices （尤指昆虫的）营营声, 嗡嗡声; （尤指混杂的）模糊而连续的声音: the hum of bees, of distant traffic, of machines 蜜蜂的嗡嗡声、 远处车辆的呜呜声、 机器的隆隆声 * the hum of conversation in the next room 隔壁房间里嗡嗡的谈话声. 2 (sl 俚) bad smell 臭味. hum interj (used to indicate hesitation 用以表示犹豫). 复合： `humming-bird n any of various types of tropical bird, usu very small and brightly coloured, that make a humming sound by vibration of the wings 蜂鸟（产於热带, 通常体小而色彩鲜艳, 双翼鼓动时发嗡嗡声）. `humming-top n top3(1) that makes a humming sound when it spins 响簧陀螺（旋转时发嗡嗡声）.

human
[5hju:mEn; 5hjumEn] adj 1 of or characteristic of man (contrasted with God, animals or machines) 人的, 显示人的本性的（以别於神的、 动物的或机器的）: * a human skull 人的头盖骨 * human anatomy, affairs, behaviour 人体解剖学、 人的事情、 人的行为 * a terrible loss of human life 人命的巨大损失 * This food is not fit for human consumption. 这种食物不宜人类食用. * We must allow for human error. 我们应该考虑到有人为的错误. * Even she makes mistakes occasionally she's only human. 即便是她偶尔犯一些错误--她也是人哪. 2 (approv 褒) having or showing the better qualities of man; kind; good 有良好品性的; 有人情的; 好心肠的: * She'll understand and forgive; she's really quite human. 她是能谅解的, 她是个大好人. 3 (idm 习语) the milk of human kindness => milk1. to err is human => err. 派生： human n = human being. humankind[7hju:mEn'kaind; 5hjumEn7kaind] n [U] (fml 文) = mankind. humanly adv 1 in a human way 以人的方式; 人道地; 有人性地. 2 by human means; within human ability 用人力; 在人力所能及的范围: The doctors did all that was humanly possible. 医生们已尽了最大的力量了. 复合： ,human `being man, woman or child; person 男人、 女人或孩子; 人. ,human `interest aspect of a newspaper story, etc that interests people because it describes the experiences, feelings, etc of individuals （报纸报道等中描写个人的遭遇、 感情等的）人情世故. ,human `nature general characteristics and feelings common to all people 人性: You can't change human nature. 人的本性难移. the ,human `race human beings collectively; mankind 人（总称）; 人类. =>Usage at man 1 用法见manman1. ,human `rights rights which it is generally thought that every living person should have, eg the right to freedom, justice, etc 人权.

humane
[hju:'mein; hju'men] adj 1 having or showing sympathy, kindness and understanding 富於同情心的; 仁慈的; 能体谅人的: * a humane person, act, penal system 富於同情心的人、 古道热肠的行为、 合乎人道的刑罚体系 * humane killing 动物无痛屠宰（法）. 2 [attrib 作定语] (dated fml 旧, 文) (of areas of learning) tending to civilize （指学科）促进文明或教化的: * humane studies 人文学科. > humanely adv. 复合： ,humane `killer instrument for the painless killing of animals 无痛屠宰机（屠宰牲畜家禽等的）.

humanism
[5hju:mEnizEm; 5hjumEn7izEm] n [U] 1 (a) system of beliefs that concentrates on common human needs and seeks rational (rather than divine) ways of solving human problems 人道主义. (b) study of mankind and human affairs (contrasted with theological subjects) 人本主义（研究人的事情, 以别於神学的研究）. 2 literary culture (esp in the Renaissance) based on Greek and Roman learning 人文主义（基於希腊和罗马学术思想的文学思潮, 尤指文艺复兴时代的）. 派生： humanist[5hju:mEnist; 5hjumEnist] n supporter of humanism 人道主义者; 人本主义者; 人文主义者. humanistic[7hju:mE'nistik; 7hjumE'nistik] adj.

humanitarian
[hju:7mAni'teEriEn; hju7mAnE'teriEn] adj concerned with improving the lives of mankind and reducing suffering, esp by social reform 人道主义的; 主张改善人的生活、 减轻苦难的（尤指以社会改良为手段）; 博爱的; 慈善的: * humanitarian deeds, ideals, work 人道主义的行为、 理想、 工作. 派生： humanitarian n humanitarian person 人道主义者; 博爱者; 慈善家. humanitarianism[-izEm; -izEm] n [U].

humanity
[hju:'mAnEti; hju'mAnEti] n 1 [U] human beings collectively; the human race; people 人（总称）; 人类: * crimes against humanity 戕害人类罪. =>Usage at man1 用法见man1. 2 [U] being humane; kind-heartedness 人道; 仁慈: * treat people and animals with humanity 以仁慈之心对待人和动物. 3 [U] human nature; being human 人性. 4 humanities [pl] subjects of study concerned with human culture, esp literature, language, history and philosophy 人文学科（尤指文学、 语言、 历史和哲学）.

humanize, humanise
[5hju:mEnaiz; 5hjumE7naiz] v [Tn] 1 make (sth) human 使（某事物）具有人的属性; 将（某事物）人格化: * animal characters humanized in cartoons 在动画片中人性化了的动物角色. 2 make (sb) humane 使（某人）变得人道、 仁慈、 文明: * have a humanizing influence on a barbaric system 对不文明的制度产生教化作用. > humanization, -isation[7hju:mEnai'zeiFn; - -ni'z-; 7hjumEnE'zeFEn] n [U].

humble
[ 5hQmbl or, rarely, ?@ 罕, 美亦读作 5Qm-;`hQmbl, `Qmbl] adj (-r[-blE(r); -bll] , -st[-blist; -blist] ) 1 (of a person or his words or actions) having or showing a low or modest opinion of one's own importance; not proud （指人或其言行）谦虚的: * my humble apologies 鄙人的道歉 * in my humble opinion 依拙见. 2 (a) (of a person, his position in society, etc) low in rank; unimportant （指人、 其社会地位等）低下的, 卑微的: * men of humble birth 出身卑微的人 * a humble occupation 低贱的职业. (b) (of a thing) not large or elaborate; poor （指事物）简陋的, 低劣的: * a humble home, meal, offering 简陋的家、 简单的饭菜、 小惠. 3 (idm 习语) eat humble pie => eat. 派生： humble v [Tn] make (sb/sth/oneself) humble; lower the rank or self-importance of 使（某人[某事物/自己]）变得卑微; 降低...的地位或自满情绪: humble one's enemies 挫敌人的锐气 * humble sb's pride 打掉某人的傲气 * humble oneself before God 在上帝面前表示卑微 * a humbling experience 使人谦虚的经历. humbly/ 5hQmblI or, rarely, ?@ 罕, 美亦读作 5Qm-;`hQmblI, `Qm-] adv: * beg most humbly for forgiveness 卑躬屈膝地祈求宽恕 * live humbly 过卑贱的生活 * humbly born, ie of a poor or an unimportant family 出身卑贱的.

humbug
[5hQmbQg; 5hQm7bQg] n 1 [U] dishonest behaviour or talk that is intended to deceive people and win their support or sympathy （为骗取支持或同情的）花招, 谎话. [C] dishonest and deceitful person 骗子. 2 [C] (Brit) hard boiled sweet, usu flavoured with peppermint 一种硬糖果（通常带薄荷味）. 派生： humbug v (-gg-) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (into/out of sth/doing sth) deceive or trick sb; cheat sb 欺诈或哄骗某人.

humdinger
[7hQm'diNE(r); 7hQm'diNl] n (sl 俚) excellent or remarkable person or thing 很了不起的人或事物: * His girl-friend is a real humdinger. 他的女朋友真了不起. * We had a humdinger of an argument. 我们着实地争论了一次.

humdrum
[5hQmdrQm; 5hQm7drQm] adj lacking excitement or variety; dull; monotonous 平淡的; 单调的; 乏味的: * humdrum chores 乏味的日常杂务 * Her life is humdrum. 她的生活平平淡淡.

humerus
[5hju:mErEs; 5hjumErEs] n (pl humeri/ 5hju:mEraI; `hjumE9raI/) (anatomy 解) bone in the upper arm, from shoulder to elbow 肱骨. =>illus at skeleton 见skeleton插图.

humid
[5hju:mid; 5hjumid] adj (of the air or climate) containing moisture; damp （指空气或气候）潮湿的, 湿润的: * humid heat, atmosphere 湿热、 潮湿的空气. 派生： humidify/hju:'midifai; hju'midE7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn] make (the air, etc) damp 使（空气等）湿润. humidifier n device for keeping the air moist in a room, etc 增湿器. humidity/hju:'midEti; hju'midEti] n [U] degree of moisture, esp in the air; dampness 湿度（尤指空气中的）; 潮湿.

humiliate
[hju:'milieit; hju'mili7et] v [Tn] make (sb) feel ashamed or disgraced; lower the dignity or self-respect of 使（某人）感到羞耻或不光彩; 使丧失尊严或自尊: * He felt humiliated by her scornful remarks. 他听到她那些嘲讽的话而感到屈辱. * a country humiliated by defeat 因战败而受辱的国家. > humiliating adj: * a rather humiliating experience 不怎麽光彩的经历. humiliation/hju:7mili'eiFn; hju7mili'eFEn] n [C, U]: * suffer public humiliation 当众受辱.

humility
[hju:'milEti; hju'milEti] n [U] humble attitude of mind; modesty 谦虚的态度; 谦逊: * a person of great humility 很谦虚的人 * I say this in all humility, ie without wishing to appear boastful. 我说的决不过分（无意夸张）.

hummock
[5hQmEk; 5hQmEk] n low hill or hump in the ground; hillock 小丘; 小山.

humorist
[5hju:mErist; 5hjumErist] n person who is known for his humorous writing or talk 幽默作家; 谈吐诙谐的人.

humorous
[5hju:mErEs; 5hjumErEs] adj having or showing a sense of humour; amusing; funny 幽默的; 诙谐的; 滑稽的: * a humorous writer, remark 幽默的作家、 话语 * see the humorous side of a situation 看到事情中滑稽的一面. > humorously adv.

humour
(US humor)[5hju:mE(r); 5hjuml] n 1 [U] quality of being amusing or comic 幽默; 诙谐; 滑稽: * a story full of humour 非常幽默的故事 * recognize the humour of a situation 看出某处境之可笑. 2 [U] ability to appreciate things, situations or people that are comic; ability to be amused 幽默感: * She lacks humour. 她缺乏幽默感. * He has a good sense of humour. 他很有幽默感. 3 [U, sing] (fml 文) person's state of mind; mood; temper 人的精神状态; 心情; 脾气: * be in (an) excellent humour 情绪很好 * I'll do it when the humour takes me. 我心情好时就去做. 4 [C] (arch 古) any of the four liquids (blood, phlegm, choler, melancholy) in the body that were once thought to determine a person's mental and physical qualities 四种体液（血液、 黏液、 胆汁、 忧郁液）之一种（曾认为可对人的性情和健康起决定作用）. 5 (idm 习语) ,out of `humour (dated fml 旧, 文) in a bad mood 心情不好. 派生： humour (US humor) v [Tn] keep (sb) happy or contented by accepting or agreeing to his wishes, even if they seem unreasonable 迁就, 迎合（某人）: It's always best to humour him when he's in one of his bad moods. 他心境不好的时候, 最好还是迁就他. -humoured (US -humored) (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having or showing the specified mood 有某种情绪的: good-humoured * ill-humoured. humourless (US humorless) adj lacking a sense of humour 缺乏幽默感的: a humourless person, style of writing 无幽默感的人、 无风趣的文风.

hump
[hQmp; hQmp] n 1 (a) round projecting part on the back of a camel, etc （骆驼等的）峰. =>illus at camel 见camel插图. (b) deformity on a person's back, where there is an abnormal curvature of the spine （人的）驼背. 2 rounded raised mound of earth, etc （圆形的）土墩, 小丘, 冈: * a dangerous hump in the road 道路上危险的隆起物. 3 (idm 习语) give sb the `hump (Brit infml 口) make sb feel depressed or annoyed 使某人感到沮丧或烦恼. over the `hump past the most difficult part (of a task, etc) 渡过（任务等的）最艰难阶段或完成最困难部分. 派生： hump v 1 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) form sth into a hump 使某物隆起: hump up the bedclothes 隆起被子. 2 [Tn.pr, Tn.p] carry (sth) on one's shoulder or back 扛或背（某物）: I don`t enjoy humping heavy furniture around all day. 一天到晚扛重家具我可受不了. =>Usage at carry 用法见carry. 3 [Tn] ( sl 讳, 俚 ) have sexual intercourse with (sb) 与（某人）性交. 复合： `humpback n = hunchback (hunch). `humpbackedadj = hunchbacked (hunch). ,humpback `bridge small bridge with an arch that rises and falls steeply 驼峰桥; 弓形桥.

humph
[hQmpf, hEh; hQmpf] interj (light grunting sound usu made with the lips closed and used to express doubt or dissatisfaction 通常为双唇闭拢发出的轻微的哼声, 用以表示怀疑或不满).

humus
[7hju:mEs; 5hjumEs] n [U] rich dark organic material formed by the decay of dead leaves, etc and essential to the fertility of soil 腐殖质.

Hun
[hQn; hQn] n 1 member of one of the Asiatic peoples who ravaged Europe in the 4th and 5th centuries AD 匈奴人. 2 (derog offensive 贬, 蔑) German 德国人.

hunch
[hQntF; hQntF] n idea based on intuition or instinct and not on evidence 基於直觉的想法: * He had a hunch that she was lying. 他凭直觉认为她说的是谎话. * play/follow one's hunch, ie act according to one's intuition 凭直觉行事. 派生： hunch v [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) bend forward (part of the body, esp the back and shoulders) into a rounded shape 把（身子）弯成弓状（尤指弯背、 耸肩）: Stand straight, don't hunch your shoulders! 站直了, 别耸肩! * She sat all hunched up over the small fire. 她蜷起身子坐在小火炉前. 复合： `hunchback (also `humpback) n 1 rounded part on a person's back where there is an abnormal curvature of the spine; hump （人的）驼背. 2 person with such a deformity 驼背的人; 驼子. `hunchbacked (also `humpbacked) adj having such a hump on the back 驼背的.

hundred
[5hQndrEd; 5hQndrEd] pron, det (after a or one or an indication of quantity 用於a、 one或含有数量意义的词之後) 100; one more than ninety-nine 100, 一百（个）: * one, two, three, etc hundred 一百、 二百、 叁百 * a few hundred 几百 * There were a/one hundred (people) in the room. 房间里有一百人. * I could give you a hundred reasons for not going. 我可以给你说出一百个不去的理由. * This antique is worth several hundred pounds. 这件古物值几百镑. * If I've said it once, I've said it a hundred times. 这件事我不但说过, 而且已经说过上百次了. * He's a hundred (years old) today. 他今天一百岁了. =>App 4 见附录4. 派生： hundred n (after a or one, a number or an indication of quantity 用於a、 one、 数词或含有数量意义的词之後) the number 100 *100; 一百: How many hundreds are there in a thousand? 一千里有多少个一百? * Her coat cost hundreds (of pounds). 她的大衣值好几百（镑）. * There are hundreds (of people) (ie very many) who need new housing. 有许许多多人需要新的住房. * The cake was decorated with a large (one) hundred. 这块蛋糕上面装饰着一个很大的‘（一）百’字样. hundred- (in compounds 用以构成复合词) having one hundred of the thing specified 有一百个...的: a hundred-year lease. hundredth[5hQndrEtW; 5hQndrEtW] pron, det 100th; next after ninety-ninth 第100, 第一百（个）. n one of one hundred equal parts of sth 百分之一. 复合： `hundredfold adj, adv 1 one hundred times as much or as many 百倍（的）. 2 having one hundred parts 一百份（的）. `hundredweight n (pl unchanged 复数不变) (abbr 缩写 cwt) one twentieth of one ton; 112 lb (in US 100 lb) 英担（一吨的二十分之一, 英国为112磅, 美国为100磅）. => App 5 见附录5.

hung
pt, pp of hang. 复合： ,hung-`over adj [pred 作表语] (infml 口) having a hangover 酗酒之後感到不适: I feel a bit hung-over this morning. 今天早上我因宿醉而略感不适. ,hung `parliament parliament in which no party has a clear majority 任何政党均未能占明显多数席位的议会.

hunger
[5hQNgE(r); 5hQNgl] n 1 [U] (a) state of not having enough to eat; lack of food 饿; 饥饿: * He died of hunger. 他饿死了. (b) desire for food 食欲: * satisfy one's hunger 解饿. 2 [sing] ~ for sth (fig 比喻) strong desire for sth 渴望某事物: * have a hunger for adventure 渴望冒险. 派生： hunger v 1 [I] (arch 古) feel a lack of or desire for food 饥饿. 2 (phr v) hunger for/after sth/sb have a strong desire for sth/sb; long for sth/sb 渴望得到某事物[某人]: She hungered for his love. 她渴望得到他的爱. 复合： `hunger march long walk undertaken by unemployed people to make others aware of their sufferings （失业者的）反饥饿游行. `hunger strike refusal to take food, esp by a prisoner, as a form of protest 绝食抗议（尤指囚犯的）: be/go on (a) hunger strike 进行绝食抗议. `hunger striker.

hungry
[5hQNgri; 5hQNgri] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 (a) suffering from weakness, pain, etc because of lack of food; starving 饥饿的; 挨饿的: * the hungry masses 饥民. (b) feeling a desire for food 感到饿的: * Let's eat soon I'm hungry! 咱们早点儿吃吧--我饿了! 2 [pred 作表语] ~ for sth (fig 比喻) in need of sth; feeling a strong desire for sth 需要某事物; 渴望得到某事物: * The orphan was hungry for affection. 这孤儿渴望得到爱. 3 [usu attrib 通常作定语] showing hunger 显出饥饿样子的: * He had a hungry look. 他面有饥色. 4 [attrib 作定语] causing hunger 引起饥饿的: * Haymaking is hungry work. 割草晾晒的活儿很累, 干一会儿就饿了. 5 (idm 习语) go `hungry remain unfed 挨饿: * Thousands are going hungry because of the failure of the harvest. 由於收成不好, 成千上万的人在挨饿. * I'd rather go hungry than eat that! 我宁可挨饿也不吃那种东西! > hungrily[5hQNgrEli; 5hQNgrEli] adv.

hunk
[hQNk; hQNk] n 1 large piece (esp of food) cut from a larger piece （切下的）大块, 大片（尤指食物）: * a hunk of bread, cheese, meat 一大块面包、 乾酪、 肉. 2 (sl usu approv 俚, 通常作褒义) big strong man, esp an attractive one 高大健壮的男子; （尤指）富於魅力的男子.

hunkers
[5hQNkEz; 5hQNklz] n [pl] (infml 口) haunches 臀部; 屁股: * on one's hunkers, ie in a squatting position 蹲着.

hunt
1[hQnt; hQnt] v 1 [I, Tn] chase (wild animals or game) and try to kill or capture them, for food or sport 打猎; 猎取（野生禽兽）: * go hunting 去打猎 * Wolves hunt (ie pursue their prey) in packs. 狼是成群猎食的. 2 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn] ~ (for sth/sb) search for (sth/sb); try to find (sth/sb) 搜索（某物[某人]）; 试图找到（某物[某人]）: * hunt for a lost book 寻找一本失去的书 * I've hunted everywhere but I can't find it. 我到处都找遍了, 就是找不到. * Police are hunting an escaped criminal. 警方正在追捕逃犯. 3 [Tn.pr, Tn.p] drive or chase (sth) away; pursue (sth) with hostility 赶走, 驱逐（某物）; 追逐, 追击（某物）: * hunt the neighbour's cats out of the garden 把邻居的猫赶出花园. 4 [Tn] (Brit) (a) (in fox-hunting) follow the hounds through or in (a district) （猎狐活动中）随猎狗通过或进入（某区域）: * hunt the country 在郊野猎狐. (b) use (a horse or hounds) in hunting 用（马或猎狗）打猎. (c) act as master or huntsman of (a pack of hounds) 带（一群猎狗）打猎. 5 (idm 习语) run with the hare and hunt with the hounds => hare. 6 (phr v) hunt sb/sth down pursue sb/sth until he/it is found 对某人[某物]穷追到底: * hunt down a criminal 追捕罪犯. hunt sth out search for sth (esp an object that has been put away or is no longer in use) until it is found 找出（尤指闲置或不复使用之物）: * hunt out an old diary 找出一本旧日记. hunt sth up search for sth (esp sth hidden and difficult to find) 寻找某物（尤指隐蔽而不易发现的）: * hunt up references in the library 在图书馆里查找参考资料. 派生： hunter n 1 (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) person who hunts 狩猎者; 猎人: hunters of big game in Africa 捕猎非洲大猎物的人 * `bargain-hunters in the sales. 2 horse used in hunting 狩猎用的马. 3 watch with a metal cover over the glass face 猎用表（表蒙子上有金属护罩）.

hunt1
hunting n [U] chasing and capturing or killing of wild animals, etc as a sport; (esp in Britain) fox-hunting狩猎运动; （尤指英国的）猎狐运动: [attrib 作定语]a `hunting jacket 猎人装 * a `hunting crop 猎鞭. hunting-ground n 1 place where one hunts for sth 猎场. 2 (idm 习语) a happy, etc hunting-ground (for/of sb) favourable place, etc where sb may do or observe or acquire what he wants （某人）可随意而为的大好去处: Crowded shops are a happy hunting-ground for pick-pockets. 拥挤不堪的商店是扒手行窃最得手的地方. huntress[5hQntris; 5hQntris] n (dated 旧) woman hunter 狩猎的女子; 女猎人. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: 1 In British English go hunting refers to the sport of chasing and killing foxes with dogs while on horseback. 在英式英语中, go hunting指骑马带狗猎狐的体育活动. The riders in charge of the hunt are called huntsmen and the event is a hunt. 这种骑马猎狐者叫huntsmen, 这种猎狐活动叫hunt. *A hunter chases big game, eg lions, elephants, etc. *hunter指以大猎物（如狮、 象等）为目标的狩猎者. Shooting is the killing of game birds, deer and other animals for sport. *shooting指猎杀野鸟、 鹿及其他动物的体育活动. 2 In US English hunting relates to the shooting of deer or game birds by a hunter. 在美式英语中, hunting指hunter猎杀鹿或野鸟.

huntsman
[5hQntsmEn; 5hQntsmEn] n (pl -men[-mEn; -mEn] ) 1 man who hunts wild animals, esp foxes 猎人; （尤指）猎狐的人. 2 man in charge of the hounds during a hunt 猎狐时管理猎犬的人.

hurdle
[5hE:dl; 5hEdl] n 1 (a) [C] (in athletics or horse-racing) each of a series of upright frames to be jumped over in a race （体育或赛马用的）栏架, 跳栏: * five furlongs over hurdles 五弗隆（即1100码）跨栏比赛 * [attrib 作定语] a `hurdle-race 跨栏赛. =>illus 见插图. (b) hurdles [pl] race over these 跨栏赛: * He won the 400 metres hurdles. 他在400米跨栏赛中获胜. 2 [C] (fig 比喻) difficulty to be overcome; obstacle 难关; 障碍: * I've passed the written test; the interview is the next hurdle. 我书面考试已经及格了, 下一个难关是面试. 3 [C] portable oblong frame with bars used for making temporary fences (eg for sheep pens) （长方形的便携式）临时围栏（如羊栏）. 派生： hurdle v [I] (in athletics) run in a hurdle-race （体育竞赛中）进行跨栏赛. hurdler[5hE:dlE(r); 5hEdll] n person who runs in hurdle-races 跨栏运动员.

hurdy
gurdy

hurl
[hE:l; hEl] v [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] 1 throw (sth/sb/oneself) violently; fling 用力扔（某物）; 用力摔（某人）; 猛扑: * rioters hurling stones at the police 向警察扔石子的暴徒 * He hurled himself into his work. 他完全扑在工作上. * She was hurled to her death. 她被人砸死了. 2 (fig 比喻) utter (sth) with force; shout; yell 大声说出（某事）; 叫喊; 叫嚷: * hurl insults at sb 厉声辱骂某人.

hurling
[5hE:liN; 5hEliN] (also hurley[5hE:li; 5hEli] ) n [U] Irish ball game similar to hockey 爱尔兰式曲棍球戏.

hurly
burly

hurrah
[hu'ra:; hu'ra] (also hurray, hooray/hu'rei; hu're] ) interj 1 ~ (for sb/sth) (used to express joy, approval, etc 用以表示欢喜、 赞成等): * Hurrah for theholidays! 好哇, 放假啦! 2 (idm 习语) hip, hip, hurrah/hurray => hip3. 派生： hurrah (also hurray) n shout of `hurrah' 叫好声; 欢呼声.

hurricane
[5hQrikEn; - -kein; 5hQri7ken] n 1 storm with a violent wind, esp a West Indian cyclone 飓风; （尤指西印度群岛的）旋风. 2 wind of 73 miles per hour or more （每小时风速73英里以上的）风暴: * [attrib 作定语] gales of hurricane force 十二级的大风. Cf 参看 cyclone, typhoon. 复合： `hurricane lamp (also `storm-lantern) type of lamp with glass sides to protect the flame from the wind 防风灯.

hurry
[5hQri; 5hQri] n 1 [U] need or wish to get something done quickly; eager haste 匆忙; 急忙: * In his hurry to leave, he forgot his passport. 他急急忙忙动身的时候, 忘了带护照. * There's no hurry, so do it slowly and carefully. 不必赶时间, 要慢慢细心地做. * What's the hurry? 忙什麽呀? * Why all the hurry? 为什麽这样匆匆忙忙? 2 (idm 习语) in a `hurry (a) quickly; hastily 迅速地; 匆忙地: * She dressed in a hurry. 她迅速穿好衣服. (b) eager; impatient 急切; 赶紧: * He was in a hurry to leave. 他急於离开. (c) (infml 口) (usu with a negative 通常与否定词连用) soon; readily 立刻; 乐意地; 轻易地: * I shan't invite him again in a hurry he behaved very badly. 我实在不愿意再邀请他--他的举止太不像话. * She won't forget that in a hurry. 她不会一下子就忘的. in no `hurry/not in any `hurry (a) not eager or under pressure to act 不急於行动; 不着忙: * I don't mindwaiting I'm not in any particular hurry. 我可以等着--我没有什麽急事儿. (b) unwilling 不愿意: * I'm in no hurry to see him again. 我不愿再见到他. 派生： hurry v (pt, pp hurried) 1 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip] do sth or move quickly or too quickly; rush 迅速地或仓促地做某事或移动; 赶紧: Don't hurry; there's plenty of time. 别忙, 有的是时间. * It's no use trying to make her hurry. 想催她快点是没用的. * He picked up his bag and hurried off along the platform. 他拿起提包急急忙忙地沿着站台走了. * Hurry along, children! 孩子们, 赶快! (b) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] make (sb) do sth or move quickly or too quickly 使（某人）迅速地或仓促地做某事或移动; 催（某人）: We're late; I must hurry you. 咱们迟到了, 我必须催你一下. * They hurried him into hospital. 他们催他上医院. * I was hurried into making an unwise decision. 我在催逼之下草率地做出了不智的决定. 2 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (along/up) hasten the progress of sth 使某事加快; 催促某事物: This work needs care; it mustn't be hurried. 这活儿需要细心, 催不得.

hurry1
* A good meal should never be hurried. 美食不应狼吞虎 . 3 (phr v) hurry up (infml 口) move more quickly or too quickly; do sth more quickly 加快地或仓促地移动; 快些做某事: I wish the train would hurry up and come. 我希望列车快点开来. * Hurry up and get ready we're waiting! 快点准备好--我们在等着呢! hurry sb/sth up make sb/sth do sth or move quickly or too quickly; speed sth up 使某人[某事物]迅速地或仓促地做某事或移动; 使某事物加快速度: He's a good worker but he needs hurrying up. 他工作做得好, 只是需要督促. hurried adj done quickly or too quickly 匆匆赶完的; 仓促完成的: a hurried meal 匆匆吃完的一顿饭 * write a few hurried lines 草草写几行字. hurriedly adv: We had to leave rather hurriedly. 我们只好匆匆离去.

hurt
[hE:t; hEt] v (pt, pp hurt) 1 (a) [I, Tn] cause physical injury or pain to (sb/oneself, a part of the body, an animal, etc) 使（某人[自己]、 身体的某个部位、 动物等）受伤或受肉体痛苦: * Did you hurt yourself? 你把自己弄伤了吗? * Are you badly hurt? 你伤得厉害吗? * She was more frightened than hurt. 她受惊较之受伤更为严重. * He hurt his back when he fell. 他跌倒时背部受了伤. (b) [I] feel or cause pain 感到或引起疼痛: * My leg hurts. 我腿疼. * My shoes hurt; they're too tight. 我的鞋太紧, 穿着脚疼. * It hurts when I move my leg. 我的腿一动就疼. =>Usage at wound1 用法见wound1. 2 [Tn] cause mental pain to (a person, his feelings); distress; upset 使（某人）精神痛苦; 伤（某人）心; 伤（感情）; 使烦恼: * These criticisms have hurt him/his pride deeply. 这些批评使他很伤心[使他的自尊心受到了伤害]. * It hurts/I am hurt not to have been invited. 没有邀请我, 我很不痛快. * I hope we haven't offended him; he sounded rather hurt on the phone. 但愿我们没有得罪他, 他在电话里的声音像是受了委屈. 3 [Tn] have a bad effect on (sth); harm 对（某事物）有不良影响; 损害: * Sales of the product have been seriously hurt by the adverse publicity. 该产品受到了反面宣传, 销量大受影响. 4 (idm 习语) it, etc won't/wouldn't hurt (sb/sth) (to do sth) (esp ironic 尤作反语) it, etc will/would not cause harm or inconvenience 不会有什麽害处或不便: * It won't hurt to postpone the meeting. 不妨把开会时间往後延. * A bit of weeding wouldn't hurt (this garden). 有一点杂草（对这个花园来说）也无所谓. * It wouldn't hurt (you) to say sorry for once. 说一声对不起（於你）没有什麽不好. not harm/hurt a fly => fly1. 派生： hurt n 1 [U, sing] ~ (to sth) mental pain or suffering 精神上的痛苦或创伤: The experience left me with a feeling of deep hurt. 这段经历给我心灵上留下了严重的创伤.

hurt1
* It was a severe hurt to her pride. 这严重地伤害了她的自尊心. 2 [C] physical injury or pain 肉体 上的伤害或痛苦. hurtful[-fl; -fEl] adj ~ (to sb) causing (esp mental) suffering; unkind 使人（尤指精神上）痛苦的; 刻薄的: * hurtful remarks 伤人感情的言语 * She can be very hurtful sometimes. 她有时是很刻薄的. hurtfully[-fEli; -fEli] adv. hurtfulness n [U].

hurtle
[5hE:tl; 5hEtl] v [Ipr, Ip] move violently, noisily or with great speed in the specified direction 猛力地或飞快地朝某方向运动（有时发出声响）: * During the gale roof tiles came hurtling down. 在暴风中屋顶的瓦片哗啦啦地落了下来. * The van hurtled round the corner. 客货车疾驶转过街角. * She slipped and went hurtling downstairs. 她一失足咕噜噜跌下楼梯.

husband
[5hQzbEnd; 5hQzbEnd] n 1 man to whom a woman is married 丈夫: * her new husband 她的新婚丈夫 * He'll make someone a very good husband. 谁要嫁给他那就太幸福了. =>App 8 见附录8. 2 (idm 习语) ,husband and `wife married couple 夫妇: * They lived together as husband and wife for years. 他们结为夫妇共同生活了很多年. 派生： husband v [Tn] (fml 文) use (sth) sparingly and economically; try to save 节省地使用（某事物）; 节约: husband one's strength, resources 节省体力、 资源.

husbandry
[5hQzbEndri; 5hQzbEndri] n [U] (fml 文)1 farming 农牧业: * animal husbandry 畜牧业. 2 management of resources 对资源的管理: * Through careful husbandry we survived the hard winter. 通过精打细算, 我们终於熬过了严冬.

hush
[hQF; hQF] v 1 (a) [I] become silent 安静下来: * Hush! ie Be quiet! 肃静! (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] make (sb) silent or calm; quieten (sb) 使（某人）安静下来或平静下来: * He hushed the baby to sleep. 他把婴儿哄得安然入睡. 2 (phr v) hush sth up prevent sth from becoming generally known, esp sth shameful 防止某事物（尤指丑闻）张扬出去: * The government hushed the affair up to avoid a public outcry. 当局对此事秘而不宣, 以免引起公众抗议. 派生： hush n [U, sing] stillness; silence 安静; 寂静: in the hush of the night 在夜的寂静中 * There was a sudden deathly hush. 突然间周围像死一般寂静. 复合： ,hush-`hush adj (infml 口) very secret or confidential 非常秘密的; 机密的: a hush-hush affair 秘事 * His job is very hush-hush. 他的工作是很保密的. `hush-money n [U] money paid to prevent sth scandalous from becoming known publicly 封口钱, 遮羞费（为防止丑事张扬的贿赂）.

husk
[hQsk; hQsk] n 1 dry outer covering of certain seeds and fruits, esp grain （某些种子和果实的）外壳, 外皮（尤指谷类的）: * rice in the husk, ie brown rice, with the husks not removed 稻谷. Cf 参看 bran, chaff. 2 (fig 比喻) worthless outside part of anything （任何东西的没有价值的）外层部分. 派生： husk v [Tn] remove the husk(s) from (seeds or fruit) 除去（种子或果实）的外壳.

husky
1[5hQski; 5hQski] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 (of a person or voice) dry in the throat; sounding slightly hoarse （指人或嗓音）喉咙发乾的, 沙哑的: * I'm still a bit husky after my recent cold. 我最近患过感冒, 声音还有些哑. 2 (infml 口) (of a person) big and strong （指人）高大强壮的; 魁梧的. > huskily adv: * speak huskily 以嘶哑的声音说. huskiness n [U].

hussar
[hu'za:(r); hu'zar] n soldier of a cavalry regiment, carrying light weapons 轻骑兵.

hussy
[5hQsi; 5hQsi] n (dated derog 旧, 贬) 1 bold cheeky girl 粗野的女子. 2 sexually immoral woman 淫荡的女子; 荡妇: * You brazen hussy! 你这个不要脸的婊子!

hustings
[5hQstiNz; 5hQstiNz] n [pl] the hustings the political campaigning leading up to a parliamentary election, eg canvassing votes and making speeches（议会选举前的）竞选活动（如拉选票和演讲）: * Most politicians will be at/on the hustings in the coming week. 大多数政治家将在下周展开竞选活动.

hustle
[5hQsl; 5hQsl] v 1 [Tn.pr, Tn.p] push (sb) roughly and hurriedly; jostle; shove 推搡（某人）; 猛推; 挤撞: * The police hustled the thief out of the house and into their van. 警察把那个窃贼推搡出房子又推进囚车里. * The thief was hustled off (to gaol). 那窃贼被推推搡搡（进入监房）. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (into sth/doing sth) make sb act quickly and without time to consider things 催促（某人）; 催赶（某人）: * I was hustled into (making) a hasty decision. 我在催逼之下匆匆地做出决定. 3 [I] hurry; push one's way 匆忙; 挤撞着走: * people hustling and bustling all around us 在我们的周围熙来攘往的人. 4 [Tn] (infml 口 esp US) sell or obtain (sth) by energetic (and sometimes deceitful) activity 竭力地（有时以欺诈手段）兜售或获取（某事物）. 5 [I] (US sl 俚) work as a prostitute 卖淫. 派生： hustle n [U] busy energetic activity 忙碌; 奔忙: I hate all the hustle (and bustle) of Saturday shopping. 我讨厌星期六买东西那麽挤来挤去的. hustler[5hQslE(r); 5hQsll] n 1 (infml 口 esp US) person who hustles (hustle 4) 竭力地（有时以欺诈手段）兜售或获取某物的人. 2 (US sl 俚) prostitute 妓女; 男妓.

hut
[hQt; hQt] n small roughly-built house or shelter, usu made of wood or metal 简陋的小房子, 棚, 舍（通常为木头或金属建造的）. Cf 参看 shed1. 派生： hutment[5hQtmEnt; 5hQtmEnt] n group of huts, esp for soldiers 一片简陋的小房子; （尤指军队的）营房. hutted having huts 有简陋小房子的: a hutted camp 有简陋小房子的兵营.

hutch
[hQtF; hQtF] n box or cage with a front of wire netting, esp one used for keeping rabbits in 正面有铁丝网的箱或笼; （尤指）兔笼.

hyacinth
[5haiEsinW; 5haiE7sinW] n plant with sweet-smelling bell-shaped flowers, growing from a bulb 风信子. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page ii.

hyaena
= hyena.

hybrid
[5haibrid; 5haibrid] n 1 animal or plant that has parents of different species or varieties 杂交生成的动植物; 杂种动物; 杂交植物: * A mule is a hybrid of a male donkey and a female horse. 骡子是公驴和母马交配而生的杂种动物. 2 thing made by combining two differentelements, esp a word with parts from different languages（不同成分的）混合物, 合成物; （尤指由不同语言成分构成的）混合词. 派生： hybrid adj 1 produced as a hybrid; cross-bred 杂交产生的; 杂种的: a hybrid animal, plant 由杂交生成的动物、 植物. 2 composed of unrelated parts 混合的; 合成的; 混成的. hybridize, -ise[-aiz; -7aiz] v 1 [I] (of animals or plants) produce hybrids; interbreed （指动植物）产生杂交品种, 杂交. 2 [Tn] cause (animals or plants) to produce hybrids; cross-breed 使（动植物）产生杂交品种; 使杂交.

hydr(o)-
comb form 构词成分 1 of water or liquid 水的; 液体的: hydroelectricity. 2 combined with hydrogen 氢化的: hydrochloric.

hydra
[5haidrE; 5haidrE] n 1 (in Greek mythology) snake-like monster with many heads that grew again if they were cut off （希腊神话中的）蛇怪（长着许多头, 斩去後能重新长出）. 2 (fig 比喻) thing that is hard to get rid of; recurring problem 难以除掉的事物; 一再出现的问题.

hydrangea
[hai'dreindVE; hai'drendVE] n shrub with white, pink or blue flowers growing in large round clusters 绣球花（有白色、 粉红色或蓝色大花球）.

hydrant
[5haidrEnt; 5haidrEnt] n pipe (esp in a street) with a nozzle to which a hose can be attached, for drawing water from a water-main to clean streets, put out fires, etc （尤指街道上的）给水栓, 消防栓.

hydrate
[5haidreit; 5haidret] n chemical compound of water with another substance 水合物. 派生： hydrate[5haidreit, hai'dreit; 5haidret] v 1 [I] combine chemically with water 与水结合; 水合. 2 [Tn] cause (a substance) to absorb water 使（某物质）吸入水分. hydration/hai'dreiFn; hai'dreFEn] n [U].

hydraulic
[hai'drC:lik; hai'drClik] adj 1 of water moving through pipes 通过水管流动之水的. 2 operated by the movement of liquid 用水力驱动的: * a hydraulic lift 液压升降机 * hydraulic brakes 液压制动器 * a hydraulic engineer, ie one concerned with the use of water in this way 水利工程师. 3 hardening under water 水硬的; 在水中凝固的: * hydraulic cement 水硬水泥. 派生： hydraulically[-kli; -kli] adv. hydraulics n [sing or pl v] science of using water to produce power 水力学.

hydrocarbon
[7haidrE'ka:bEn; 7haidro'karbEn] n any of a class of compounds of hydrogen and carbon that are found in petrol, coal and natural gas 烃; 碳氢化合物.

hydrochloric
[7haidrE'klCrik; - -'klC:r-; 7haidrE'klCrik] adj containing hydrogen and chlorine 含氢和氯的:,hydrochloric `acid 盐酸.

hydroelectric
[7haidrEui'lektrik; 7haidroi'lektrik] adj (a) using water-power to produce electricity 使用水力发电的: * a hydroelectric plant 水力发电厂. (b) (of electricity) produced by the pressure of rushing water （指电）水力发出的: * hydroelectric power 水电力. >hydroelectrically[-kli; -kli] adv. hydroelectricity/ 9haIdrEU9Ilek5trIsEtI; 9haIdroI9lZk`trIsEtI/ n [U].

hydrofoil
[5haidrEfCil; 5haidrE7fCil] n 1 boat equipped with a device which raises the hull out of the water when the boat is moving, enabling it to travel fast and economically 水翼船. 2 such a device 水翼.

hydrogen
[5haidrEdVEn; 5haidrEdVEn] n [U] (chemistry 化) gas that has no colour, taste or smell and is the lightest substance known, combining with oxygen to form water 氢. =>App 10 见附录10. 复合： `hydrogen bomb (also `H-bomb) immensely powerful type of bomb which explodes when the nuclei of hydrogen atoms fuse 氢弹. ,hydrogen pe`roxide = peroxide 2.

hydrometer
[7hai'drCmitE(r); hai'dramEtl] n scientificinstrument that measures the density of liquids 液体比重计.

hydrophobia
[7haidrE'fEubiE; 7haidrE'fobiE] n [U] 1 abnormal fear of water and of drinking, esp as a symptom of rabies in humans 恐水（尤指恐水病的症状）. 2 rabies, esp in humans （尤指人患的）恐水病, 狂犬病.

hydroplane
[5haidrEplein; 5haidrE7plen] n 1 light motor boat with a flat bottom, that can travel fast over the surface of the water 机动平底快艇. 2 device on a submarine enabling it to rise or descend （控制潜艇升降的）水平舵.

hydroponics
[7haidrE'pCniks; 7haidrE'paniks] n [sing v] art of growing plants without soil in water or sand to which chemical food is added 溶液栽培; 水培; 营养栽培; 无土栽培.

hydrotherapy
[7haidrEu'WerEpi; 7haidrE'WerEpi] n [U] treatment of disease and abnormal physical conditions by exercising the body in water and applying water internally 水疗法.

hyena
(also hyaena)[hai'i:nE; hai'inE] n flesh-eating animal of Africa and Asia, like a wolf, with a howl that sounds like wild laughter 鬣狗（产於非洲和亚洲, 似狼, 食肉, 叫声似狂笑）.

hygiene
[5haidVi:n; 5haidVin] n [U] study and practice of cleanliness as a way of maintaining good health and preventing disease 卫生（学）: * Wash regularly to ensure personal hygiene. 要经常洗澡以保证个人卫生. * In the interests of hygiene, please do not smoke in this shop. 请勿在本店吸烟以利健康. 派生： hygienic/ haI5dVi:nIk; ?@ 9haIdVI5enIk; ?@ alsohaI5dVenIk; 9haIdVI`ZnIk, haI`dVZnIk] adj free from germs that cause disease; clean 卫生的; 清洁的: * hygienic conditions 卫生的环境. hygienically[-kli; -kli] adv.

hymen
[5haimEn; 5haimEn] n (anatomy 解) piece of skin-like tissue partly closing the external opening of the vagina of a virgin girl or woman 处女膜.

hymn
[him; him] n song of praise, esp one praising God sung by Christians 赞美诗, 圣歌（尤指基督徒为颂扬上帝而唱的）. 派生： hymn v [Tn] praise (God) in hymns 唱圣歌赞颂（上帝）. hymnal[5himnEl; 5himnEl] (also `hymnbook) n book of hymns 赞美诗集.

hyp
, hypopref 前缀 under; beneath 在...下; 低於; 次於: hypodermic * hypothesis.

hype
[haip; haip] n [C, U] (sl 俚) (piece of) misleading and exaggerated publicity 天花乱坠的宣传报道: * The public were not fooled by all the hype the press gave the event. 新闻界言过其实的种种报道并没有愚弄得了公众. 派生： hype v (phr v) hype sth up (sl 俚) publicize sth in a wildly exaggerated way 言过其实地宣传某事物: The movie has been hyped up far beyond its worth. 这部影片被吹得离了谱了. hyped up adj (sl 俚) 1 exaggerated 夸张的; 言过其实的. 2 (of a person) stimulated (as if) by drugs （指人）（似）因毒品刺激而变得兴奋的.

hyper-
pref 前缀 (with adjs and ns 与形容词和名词结合) to an excessive degree; above; over 过度; 在...上; 高於: hypercritical * hypersensitive * hypertension. Cf 参看 over-.

hyperactive
[7haipE(r)'Aktiv; 7haipl'Aktiv] adj (esp of a child) abnormally and excessively active; unable to relax （尤指儿童）活跃得反常的, 多动的. > hyperactivity[7haipErAk'tivEti; 7haiplAk'tivEti] n [U]

hyperbola
[hai'pE:bElE; hai'pEbElE] n (geometry 几) curve produced when a cone is cut by a plane that makes a larger angle with the base than the side of the cone makes 双曲线. =>illus 见插图. > hyperbolic/ 9haIpE5bClIk; 9haIpL`bBlIk/ adj.

hyperbole
[hai'pE:bEli; hai'pEbEli] n [U, C] exaggeratedstatement that is made for special effect and is not meant to be taken literally, eg I've invited millions of people to my party 夸张（修辞手段, 如我请来赴宴的人成千上万）. > hyperbolical[7haipE'bClikl; 7haipl'balikEl] adj.

hypercritical
[7haipE'kritikl; 5haipl'kritikl] adj too critical, esp of small faults 批评苛刻的; （尤指）吹毛求疵的. > hypercritically[-kli; -kli] adv.

hypermarket
[5haipEma:kit; 5haipl7markit] n (Brit) very large self-service shop, selling a wide range ofgoods and offering a number of services (eg hairdressing), usu situated outside a town 巨型超级市场（采取自选购物方式, 经营范围极广并提供多种服务, 如美发等, 通常设於城区之外）.

hypersensitive
[7haipE'sensEtiv; 7haipl'sensEtiv] adj 1 ~ (to/about sth) extremely sensitive emotionally （情绪上）过敏的. 2 ~ (to sth) abnormally sensitive to certain drugs, etc （对某些药物等）有过敏反应的. > hypersensitivity[7haipE7sensE'tivEti; 7haipl7sensE'tivEti] n [U].

hypertension
[7haipE'tenFn; 7haipl'tenFEn] n [U] (medical 医) 1 abnormally high blood pressure 高血压. 2 great emotional tension 精神过度紧张.

hyphen
[5haifn; 5haifEn] n short line (-) used to join two words together (as in ex-wife; co-operated; long-legged; a ten-dollar bill) or to show that a word has been divided into parts, eg between the end of one line and the beginning of the next 连接号（）（用以将两词连接为一个复合词, 如ex-wife、 co-operated、 long-legged、 a ten-dollar bill中者, 或将词分解为其组成之部分, 如移行时所见）. =>App 3 见附录3. 派生： hyphen, hyphenate[5haifEneit; 5haifEn7et] vs [Tn] join or write (words) with a hyphen 用连接号连接或分割（词语）. hyphenation[7haifE'neiFn; 7ha'fE'neFEn] n [U].

hypnosis
[hip'nEusis; hip'nosis] n [U] state like deep sleep in which a person's actions may be controlled by another person 催眠状态: * put a person under hypnosis 对某人施催眠术. 派生： hypnotic/hip'nCtik; hip'natik] adj 1 of or producing hypnosis or a similar condition 催眠（术）的; 有催眠或类似催眠作用的: * be in a hypnotic trance 在受催眠状态中. 2 (of a drug) producing sleep （指药物）安眠的. n hypnotic drug or influence 催眠药物或催眠作用; 安眠药或安眠效果. hypnotism[5hipnEtizEm; 5hipnE7tizEm] n [U] production or practice of hypnosis 催眠; 催眠术. hypnotist[5hipnEtist; 5hipnEtist] n person who produces hypnosis in another person or who practices hypnosis 催眠术士. hypnotize, -ise[5hipnEtaiz; 5hipnE7taiz] v [Tn] 1 produce hypnosis in (sb) 对（某人）施催眠术. 2 (fig 比喻) fascinate (sb); chaam 使（某人）精神恍惚; 使着迷: * He was hypnotized by her beauty. 他见她艳丽动人而神魂颠倒.

hypo
[5haipEu; 5haipo] n (pl ~s) (infml 口) = hypodermic n.

hypochondria
[7haipE'kCndriE; 7haipE'kandriE] n [U] abnormal and unnecessary anxiety about one's health （过分关心自己的健康而引起的病态的过虑）疑病症, 忧郁症. 派生： hypochondriac[-driAk; -dri7Ak] n person who suffers from hypochondria 疑病症患者. Cf 参看 valetudinarian. adj of or suffering from hypochondria （患）疑病症的.

hypocrisy
[hi'pCkrEsi; hi'pakrEsi] n [U] practice of misrepresenting one's real character, opinions, etc, esp by pretending to be more virtuous than one really is; insincerity 伪善; 虚伪. 派生： hypocrite[5hipEkrit; 5hipE7krit] n person who pretends to have opinions which he does not have or to be what he is not 伪善者; 伪君子. hypocritical[7hipE'kritikl; 7hipE'kritikl] adj of hypocrisy or a hypocrite 伪善的; 虚伪的; 伪善者的; 伪君子的: * hypocritical behaviour, people 伪善的行为、 人. hypocritically[-kli; -kli] adv.

hypodermic
[7haipE'dE:mik; 7haipE'dEmik] adj (a) (of drugs, etc) injected beneath the skin （指药物等）皮下注射的. (b) (of a syringe) used for such injections （指注射器）供皮下注射使用的: * a hypodermic needle 皮下注射器针头. 派生： hypodermic n 1 (also infml 口语亦作 hypo) hypodermic syringe 皮下注射器. 2 hypodermic injection皮下注射. 复合： ,hypodermic sy`ringe (also syringe) syringe with a hollow needle used for injecting a liquid beneath the skin, taking blood samples, etc 皮下注射器. =>illus at injection 见injection插图.

hypotenuse
[hai'pCtEnju:z; - -tEnu:s; hai'patn7us] n (geometry 几) side opposite the right angle of a right-angled triangle （直角叁角形的）斜边, 弦. =>illusat triangle 见triangle插图.

hypothermia
[7haipE'WE:miE; 7haipE'WEmiE] n [U] (medical 医) condition of having an abnormally low body-temperature 体温过低.

hypothesis
[hai'pCWEsis; hai'paWEsis] n (pl -ses[-si:z; -7siz] ) idea or suggestion that is based on known facts and is used as a basis for reasoning or further investigation （根据已知事实提出并有待於进一步论证或研究的）假说, 假设: * put sth forward as a hypothesis 提出一种假说 * prove/disprove a hypothesis 证明某种假设正确[不正确]. 派生： hypothesize, -ise/hai'pCWEsaiz; 7hai'paWE7saiz] v [I, Tn, Tf] form a hypothesis; assume (sth) as a hypothesis 假设; 假定（某事物）. hypothetical[7haipE'Wetikl; 7haipE'Wetikl] adj of or based on a hypothesis; not necessarily true or real （基於）假设的; 未必是事实的. hypothetically[-kli; -kli] adv.

hysterectomy
[7histE'rektEmi; 7histE'rektEmi] n [C, U] (medical 医) surgical operation for removing a woman's womb 子宫切除（术）.

hysteria
[hi'stiEriE; his'tiriE] n [U] (a) wild uncontrollable emotion or excitement, with eg laughter, crying or screaming 歇斯底里; 科病: * crowds of football supporters gripped by mass hysteria 众多歇斯底里的球迷. (b) disturbance of the nervous system, esp with emotional outbursts 精神错乱（尤指有情绪发作之表现者）. 派生： hysterical/hi'sterikl; his'terikl] adj 1 caused by hysteria 因患歇斯底里而引起的: * hysterical laughter, weeping, screaming, etc 歇斯底里的大笑、 大哭、 大叫等 * hysterical behaviour 歇斯底里的表现. 2 suffering from hysteria 患歇斯底里的: * hysterical fans at a rock concert 摇滚音乐会的狂热听众. 3 (infml 口) very amusing 极可笑的; 极有趣的. hysterically[-kli; -kli] adv: * laughing hysterically 狂笑 * (infml 口) It was hysterically funny. 这太可笑了. hysterics/hi'steriks; his'teriks] n [pl] 1 fit of hysteria 歇斯底里的发作: * go into hysterics 歇斯底里发作 * (infml 口) Your mother would have hysterics (ie be very angry and upset) if she knew you were using her car. 你母亲要是知道你用了她的汽车, 一定大发雷霆. 2 (infml 口) wild uncontrolled laughter 无法控制的狂笑: * She had the audience in hysterics. 她把观众逗得捧腹大笑.

Hz
abbr 缩写 = hertz. Cf 参看 kHz.

I'd
[aid; aid] contracted form 缩约式 1 I had => have. 2 I would => will1, would2.

I'll
[ail; ail] contracted form 缩约式 I will => will.

I'm
[aim; aim] contracted form 缩约式 I am => be.

I've
[aiv; aiv] contracted form 缩约式 I have => have.

iambus
[ai'AmbEs; ai'AmbEs] n (pl ~es or -bi[-bai; -bai] ) (also iamb[5aiAm, 'aiAmb; 5ai7Am, 'ai7Amb] ) metrical foot in poetry consisting of one short or unstressed syllable followed by one long or stressed syllable 抑扬格（诗的韵步, 每一短音节或非重读音节接以一长音节或重读音节组成一步）. 派生： iambic/ai'Ambik; ai'Ambik] adj of or using iambuses 抑扬格的; 用抑扬格的: * iambic feet 抑扬格的音步, 如 I `saw three `ships come `sailing `by. iambics n [pl] lines of poetry in iambic metre 用抑扬格律写的诗句.

IBA
[7ai bi: 'ei; 7ai bi 'e] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Independent Broadcasting Authority 独立广播局. Cf 参看 BBC, ITV.

ibex
[5aibeks; 5aibeks] n (pl unchanged or ~es 复数或不变或作ibexes) type of mountain goat with long curved horns 巨角塔尔羊（角长而曲）.

ibidem
[5ibaidem; i'baidem] adv (Latin 拉) (abbr 缩写 ibid) in the same book, article, passage, etc (previously mentioned) 在同一书、 同一文章、 同一段落等之中（同上或同前）.

ibis
[5aibis; 5aibis] n wading bird like a heron with a long curved beak, found in warm climates 玠（涉禽, 似鹭, 喙长而曲, 产於温带）.

IBM
[7ai bi: 'em; 7ai bi 'em] abbr 缩写 = International Business Machines (a large computer company) 国际商用机器公司（一家大型计算机公司）: * work for IBM 在国际商用机器公司工作.

ICBM
[7ai si: bi: 'em; 7ai si bi 'em] abbr 缩写 = intercontinental ballistic missile 洲际弹道导弹. Cf 参看 IRBM, MRBM.

ice
1[ais; ais] n 1 [U] (a) water frozen so that it has become solid 冰: * pipes blocked by ice in winter 冬天因结冰堵塞的管子. (b) sheet or layer of this 冰层: * Is the ice thick enough for skating? 这冰的厚度能禁得住在上边滑冰吗? 2 [C] (a) = water ice (water): * Can I have a strawberry-ice? 给我一份草莓雪糕行吗? (b) portion of ice-cream 一份冰激凌: * Two `choc-ices, please. 请来两份巧克力冰激凌. 3 (idm 习语) be skating on thin ice => skate1. ,break the `ice do or say sth to remove or reduce awkwardness or tension, esp at a first meeting or at the start of a party, etc 说或做某事以消除或缓解局促或紧张的气氛（尤指初次相会或聚会开始时）. ,cut no `ice (with sb) have little or no effect or influence; be unconvincing 无作用; 无影响; 不足以令人信服: * His excuses cut no ice with me. 他的辩解不足以说服我. on `ice (a) (of wine, etc) kept cold by being surrounded by ice （指果酒）冰镇的. (b) (fig 比喻) in reserve for later use or consideration 留待後用; 留待考虑. (c) (of entertainment, etc) performed by skaters （指娱乐等）由滑冰者表演的, 冰上进行的: * Cinderella on ice 在冰上演出的灰姑娘. (d) (infml 口) absolutely certain 绝对肯定; 有绝对把握: * The deal's on ice. 这项交易绝无问题. 复合： `ice age period when much of the northern hemisphere was covered with glaciers 冰期; 冰川期; 冰河时代. `ice-axe (also esp US ice-ax) n axe used by mountaineersfor cutting steps and holds in ice 冰镐（登山运动员用的）. =>illus at axe 见axe插图. ,ice-`blue adj, n [U] (of a) very pale blue colour 淡蓝色（的）. `ice-bound adj surrounded by ice or unable to function because of ice 被冰封住的; 因冰封受阻而不能运作的: an ice-bound ship, harbour 冰封的船、 港口. `icebox n (a) box with ice in, used for keeping food cool; freezing compartment of a refrigerator （里面置冰以冷藏食物的）冰箱; （电冰箱中的）冷冻室.

ice1
(b) (esp US) = refrigerator (refrigerate). `ice-breaker n strong ship designed to break a passage through ice 破冰船. `ice-cap n permanent covering of ice, esp in polar regions 冰冠（尤指极地的）. ,ice-`cold adj as cold as ice; very cold 冰冷的; 极冷的: an ,ice-cold `drink 一份冷饮. ,ice-`cream[7ais'kri:m; esp - 'aiskri:m; 5ais7krim] n [C, U] (portion of) frozen food made from sweetened and flavoured cream or custard 冰激凌: * a/some strawberry ice-cream 一份[些]草莓冰激凌. `ice-cube n small cube of ice made in a mould in the refrigerator, for drinks, etc （在电冰箱中制备, 加於饮料中用的）小冰块. ,ice `dancing art or sport of dancing on ice-skates 冰上舞蹈. `ice-fall n very steep part of a glacier, like a frozen waterfall 冰川的陡峭部分（状如结成冰的瀑布）. `ice-field n large area of floating ice, esp in polar regions 冰原（浮於海面的大冰块, 尤指极地的）. `ice-floe n large sheet of floating ice （大块的）浮冰: In spring the ice-floes break up. 春天浮冰碎裂了. `ice-free adj (of a harbour) free from ice （指港口等）不冻的. `ice hockey (US hockey) form of hockey played on ice by two teams of skaters, using long sticks to hit a hard rubber disc 冰球运动. ,ice `lolly (US Popsicle) flavoured ice on a small stick 冰棍; 冰棒; 棒冰. `ice-pack n bag filled with ice, used medically to cool parts of the body, esp the head 冰袋（医疗上作局部降温用, 尤指敷於头部的）. `ice-pick n tool for breaking ice 碎冰锥. `ice-rink n specially prepared sheet of ice, often indoors, for skating, playing ice hockey, etc 冰场（供滑冰、 打冰球等用的, 常指室内的）. `ice-show n variety entertainment performed by skaters on an ice-rink 冰上表演. `ice-skate n boot fitted with a thin metal blade for skating on ice 冰鞋. =>illus at skate 见skate插图. v [I] skate on ice 滑冰. `ice-skating n [U].

ice2
`ice-tray n small tray divided into sections for making ice-cubes （冰箱内用以制小冰块的）冰格. `ice-water n (esp US) water made very cold and used for drinking （供饮用的）冰水.

iceberg
[5aisbE:g; 5ais7bEg] n 1 huge mass of ice floating in the sea 冰山（海上飘浮的巨大冰块）. =>illus 见插图. 2 (fig 比喻) unemotional person 冷若冰霜的人. 3 (idm 习语) the tip of the iceberg => tip1.

ichneumon
[ik'nju:mEn; - -'nu:-; ik'numEn] (also ich`neumon-fly) n small insect that lays its eggs in or on the larva of another insect 姬蜂（小昆虫, 产卵於另一昆虫之蛹中或蛹上）.

ICI
[7ai si: 'ai; 7ai si 'ai] abbr 缩写 = Imperial Chemical Industries 帝国化学工业公司: * work for ICI 在帝国化学工业公司工作.

icicle
[5aisikl; 5aisikl] n pointed piece of ice formed by the freezing of dripping water 冰柱, 冰锥, 冰溜（滴水凝成的冰条）.

icing
[5aisiN; 5aisiN] (US frosting) n [U] mixture of sugar,egg-white, flavouring, etc for covering and decorating cakes 用糖、 蛋白、 香料等混制的混合物（覆於糕饼上）: * chocolate icing 巧克力糖衣. 复合： `icing sugar finely powdered sugar used esp for icing （制甜食用的）糖粉.

icon
(also ikon)[5aikCn; 5aikan] n (in the Orthodox Church) painting, carving, etc of a holy person, itself regarded as sacred （东正教的）圣像.

iconoclast
[ai'kCnEklAst; ai'kanE7klAst] n 1 person who attacks popular beliefs or established customs反对传统信仰或习俗的人. 2 (formerly) person who destroyed religious images （旧时）破坏宗教偶像的人. > iconoclasm/ai'kCnEklzEm; ai'kanE7klAzEm] n [U]. iconoclastic/ai7kCnE'klstik; ai7kanE'klAstik] adj.

icy
[5aisi; 5aisi] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 very cold; as cold as ice 寒冷的; 冰冷的: * icy winds 凛冽的风. 2 covered with ice 结满冰的; 冰封的: * icy roads 冰霜覆盖的道路. 3 (fig 比喻) very cold and unfriendly in manner （态度）冷漠的, 冷冰冰的, 不友好的: * an icy welcome, voice, stare 冷淡的欢迎、 声音、 凝视. > icily[5aisili; 5aisili] adv. iciness n [U].

id
[id; id] n (psychology 心) part of the mind relating to a person's unconscious instincts and impluses 伊德, 本我（指人的无意识的本能和冲动之源的那一部分精神）. Cf 参看 ego 1, super-ego.

idea
[ai'diE; ai'diE] n 1 [C] plan, etc formed by thinking; thought 构想; 思想; 主意: * He's full of good ideas. 他足智多谋. * That's an (ie a good) idea. 那是个（好）主意. 2 [U, sing] mental impression 印象; 感想: * This book gives you some idea/a good idea of life in ancient Greece. 这本书可以使你对古希腊人的生活有一些认识[有深入的了解]. 3 [C] opinion; belief 意见; 信念: * He has some very strange ideas. 他有一些奇怪的想法. 4 [U, sing] vague notion or fancy; feeling that sth is likely 模糊的想法; 想像; 认为某事很有可能发生的感觉: * He had no idea she was like that. 他万万没想到她是那样的. * Have you any idea what time it is? 你知道现在几点钟了吗? * I have an idea it's going to rain. 我看要下雨了. 5 the idea [sing] the aim or purpose 目的; 目标: * The idea of the game is to get all your pieces to the other side of the board. 这个游戏的目标是要把所有的棋子全走到棋盘的另一边. 6 (used in exclamations to indicate that what has been suggested is stupid, shocking, etc 认为提出的事情愚蠢、 耸人听闻等而表示惊叹时用): * The idea of it! 真糊涂! * What an idea! 这叫什麽主意呀! 7 (idm 习语) buck one's ideas up => buck2. get the i`dea understand 理解: * Do you get the idea? 你明白了吗? get the idea that... form the impression that... 形成...的印象: * Where did you get the idea that she doesn't like you? 你是从哪儿得来的这个印象, 说她不喜欢你呢? give sb ideas give sb expectations or hopes which may not be realized 使某人抱不切实际的希望: * Don't give her ideas you know how difficult it is to get into films. 别让她空抱希望吧--你知道跻身影界有多难哪. have no i`dea not know; be incompetent 不知道; 无能力: * He has no idea how to manage people. 他根本不知道如何做人事工作. not have the first idea about sth know nothing at all about sth 对某事一无所知. one's idea of sth what one thinks of as representing sth 对某事物的看法. run away with the idea that... (infml 口) (often used in the negative imperative 常用於否定的祈使句中) be misled by or accept a false idea 误以为; 接受某错误的想法:

idea1
* Don't run away with the idea that this job is going to be easy. 别以为这工作是轻而易举的. the young idea => young.

ideal
[ai'diEl; ai'diEl] adj 1 satisfying one's idea of whatis perfect; most suitable 理想的; 完美的; 最合适的: * idealweather for a holiday 度假的理想天气 * He's the ideal husband for her. 他是她理想的丈夫. 2 existing only in the imagination or as an idea; unrealistic and so not likely to be achieved 想像的; 空想的; 不切实际的: * ideal plans for reform 不切实际的改革计画 * ideal happiness 想像的幸福 * in an ideal world 在理想的世界里. 派生： ideal n 1 [C usu sing 通常作单数] person or thing regarded as perfect 完美的人或事物: She's looking for a job, but hasn't found her ideal yet. 她在找工作, 但还未找到最理想的. 2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] standard of perfection 完美境界的标准: He finds it hard to live up to his ideals. 他认为很难按自己的理想办事. ideally/ai'diEli; ai'diEli] adv: * She's ideally suited to the job. 她最适合做这项工作. * Ideally, everyone would be given equal opportunities. 最理想的是, 人人都能有平等的机会.

idealism
[ai'diElizEm; ai'diEl7izEm] n [U] 1 forming,pursuing or believing in ideals (ideal n 2), esp unrealistically理想主义（尤指不切实际地追求或信奉的理想）: * Idealism has no place in modern politics. 在当代政治生活中, 理想主义根本行不通. 2 (esp in art and literature) imaginative treatment of objects or ideas in an ideal and often unrealistic way （尤指文艺方面的）观念主义（以理想的、 常为不现实的方法对待事物或思想）. Cf 参看 classicism, romanticism (romantic). 3 (philosophy 哲) belief that ideas are the only things that are real or about which we can know anything 唯心论; 观念论; 理念论. Cf 参看 realism. 派生： idealist/ai'diElist; ai'diElist] n person who has high ideals and tries (often in an unrealistic way) to achieve them 理想主义者; 空想家; 唯心论者. idealistic/ 9aIdIE5lIstIk; aI9dIEl`IstIk/ adj. idealistically[7aidiE'listikli; ai7diEl'istikli] adv.

idealize, idealise
[ai'diElaiz; ai'diEl7aiz] v [Tn] consider or represent (sb/sth) as perfect or ideal 将（某人[某事物]）理想化; 将（某人[某事物]）视为理想的; 作理想化的反映或描述: * an idealized account of village life 对乡村生活作理想化的描述. > idealization, -isation/ aI9dIElaI5zeIFn; US -lI5z-; aI9dIElE`zeFEn/ n [U, C].

identical
[ai'dentikl; ai'dentikl] adj 1 the ~ [attrib 作定语] the same 同一的: * This is the identical room we stayed in last year. 这是我们去年住过的（同一间）房间. 2 ~ (to/with sb/sth) similar in every detail; exactly alike 完全相同的; 一模一样的: * They're wearing identical clothes. 他们穿着完全相同的衣服. * Their clothes are identical. 他们的衣服完全一样. * This picture is identical to one my mother has. 这张照片和我母亲的那张一模一样. > identically[-kli; -kli] adv. 复合： i,dentical `twins twins born from a single egg andtherefore of the same sex and very similar in appearance同卵双生（同性双胎）（由一个受精卵发育而成, 性别相同, 外貌酷似）.

identify
[ai'dentifai; ai'dentE7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) 1 [Tn, Cn.n/a] ~ sb/sth as sb/sth show, prove, etc who or what sb/sth is; recognize sb/sth (as being the specified person or thing) 确认、 证明某人[某事物]; 鉴别出（系某人或某物）: * Can you identify your umbrella among this lot? 你能在这些伞中认出你自己的那一把吗? * She identified the man as her attacker. 她认出那个男人就是袭击过她的人. 2 [Tn.pr] ~ sth with sth consider sth to be identical with sth; equate two things 认为某事物与另事物等同: * One cannot identify happiness with wealth. 幸福和财富不能混为一谈. 3 (phr v) identify (oneself) with sb/sth give support to sb/sth; be associated with sb/sth 支持某人[某事物]; 与某人[某事物]有关联: * He refused to identify himself/become identified with the new political party. 他拒绝与那个新政党来往. identify with sb regard oneself as sharing the characteristics or fortunes of sb; take sb as a model 与某人认同; 以某人为模式: * I found it hard to identify with any of the characters in the film. 我对这部影片里的任何角色都难以认同. 派生： identification/ai7dentifi'keiFn; ai7dentEfE'keFEn] n [U] 1 (process of) identifying or being identified 验明; 鉴别: * The identification of the accident victims took some time. 验明事故遇难者身分的工作费了不少时间. 2 (abbr 缩写 ID) means of proving who one is; official papers that do this 身分证明; 身分证明书: * Can I see some identification, please? 请给我看看你的身分证件行吗? i,dentifi`cation parade number of people, including one suspected of a crime, arranged in a row for viewing by witnesses who may be able to identify the suspect 供辨认嫌疑犯的一排人（其一为嫌疑犯, 供目击者辨认）.

Identikit
[ai'dentikit; ai'dentikit] n (propr 专利名) set of pictures of different features that can be fitted together to form the face of a person (esp sb wanted by the police) with the help of descriptions given by people who have seen him 容貌拼具（一整套各种类型的口、 鼻、 眼等图片, 可根据亲眼见过的人之描述, 用以拼制出某人的面部像, 尤指警方欲寻找者）.

identity
[ai'dentEti; ai'dentEti] n 1 [C, U] who or what sb/sth is 本身; 本体; 身分: * There is no clue to the identity of the thief. 没有确定窃贼身分的线索. * The cheque will be cashed on proof of identity. 这张支票凭身分证件兑现. * This is a clear case of mistaken identity, eg when the wrong person is arrested by mistake. 这显然是个误认的案例（如捕错人）. 2 [U] (state of) exact likeness or sameness 相同（性）; 一致（性）. 复合： i`dentity card (also ID card[7ai'di: ka:d; 7ai 'di7kard] ), i`dentity disc card or disc, often with a photograph, carried or worn by sb to show who he is 身分卡, 身分证章（通常有相片, 供本人携带或佩带）.

ideogram
[5idiEgrAm; 5idiE7grAm] (also ideograph/ 5IdIEgrB:f; US -grf; `IdIE9^rAf/) n 1 symbol used in a writing system that represents the idea (rather than the sounds forming the name) of a thing, eg Chinese characters 表意文字（不表声）（如汉字）. 2 any sign or symbol for sth 表意的符号或标志: * In this dictionary the ideogram is used to mean `taboo'. 在本词典中, 用符号表示避讳语. > ideographic[7idiE'grfik;7idiE'grAfik] adj.

ideology
[7aidi'ClEdVi; 7aidi'alEdVi] n [C, U] (set of) ideas that form the basis of an economic or political theory or that are held by a particular group or person 思想（体系）; 思想意识: * Our ideologies differ. 我们的思想不同. * according to Marxist, bourgeois, monetarist, etc ideology 根据马克思主义的、 资产阶级的、 货币主义等的思想体系. > ideological[7aidiE'lCdVikl; 7aidiE'ladVikl] adj. ideologically[-kli; -kli] adv.

idiocy
[5idiEsi; 5idiEsi] n 1 [U] (a) extreme stupidity 极端愚蠢: * It's sheer idiocy to go climbing in such bad weather. 在这样恶劣的天气里去爬山简直是愚蠢到家了. (b) state of being an idiot; imbecility 白痴; 极度低能. 2 [C] extremely stupid act, remark, etc 极端愚蠢的行为、 言论等.

idiolect
[5idiElekt; 5idiE7lekt] n (linguistics 语言) total amount of a language that any one person knows and uses 个人言语（个人所认识和使用的某语言的总汇）: * Is the word `psychosis' part of your idiolect? 在你的个人言语中使用psychosis这个词吗?

idiom
[5idiEm; 5idiEm] n 1 [C] phrase or sentence whose meaning is not clear from the meaning of its individual words and which must be learnt as a whole unit 习语; 成语; 惯用语, 如 give way, a change of heart, be hard put to it: * The English language has many idioms. 英语有很多惯用语. 2 [U] (a) language or dialect of a people or country某民族或某国家之语言或方言: * the French idiom 法语. (b) use of language that is typical of or natural to speakers of a particular language （操某语言者典型的或自然的）语言用法. (c) use of language peculiar to a period or an individual （某时期或某人特有的）语言用法: * Shakespeare's idiom 莎士比亚的语言风格. 派生： idiomatic[7idiE'mAtik; 7idiE'mAtik] adj (a) in accordance with the particular nature or structure of a language, dialect, etc 符合某一语言或方言等的习惯或特点的: * She speaks fluent and idiomatic French. 她说得一口又流利又地道的法语. (b) containing an idiom or idioms 含有习语的: * an idiomatic expression, language 固定词组、 成语多的语言. idiomatically[-kli; kli] adv.

idiosyncrasy
[7idiE'siNkrEsi; 7idiE'siNkrEsi] n person's particular way of thinking, behaving, etc that is clearly different from that of others （个人独有的）习性、 癖好、 气质: * One of her little idiosyncrasies is always washing in cold water. 她有个怪习惯, 就是洗什麽都爱用冷水. > idiosyncratic[7idiEsiN'krAtik; 7idiosiN'krAtik] adj.

idiot
[5idiEt; 5idiEt] n 1 (infml 口) very foolish person; fool 蠢人; 笨蛋; 傻瓜: * What an idiot I was to leave my suitcase on the train! 我真笨, 竟把手提箱落在火车上了! 2 person with very limited intelligence who cannot think or behave normally 白痴; 呆子: * an idiot since birth 天生的白痴. 派生： idiotic[7idi'Ctik; 7idi'atik] adj stupid 十分愚蠢的; 白痴般的: * Don't be idiotic! 别那麽傻了! idiotically[-kli; -kli] adv.

idle
[5aidl; 5aidl] adj (-r, -st) 1 (a) doing or having no work; not employed 闲散的; 不工作的或没有工作的: * Many people were idle during the depression. 在那萧条时期, 很多人都无事可做. (b) not active or in use 闲置的: * The factory machines lay idle during the workers' strike. 在工人罢工期间, 工厂的机器都闲置着. 2 (of time) not spent in doing sth （指时间）空闲的: * We spent many idle hours just sitting in the sun. 我们在太阳地里呆呆坐了好几个钟头. 3 (of people) avoiding work; lazy （指人）无所事事的, 懒散的, 懒惰的: * an idle, useless student 懒散、 不成器的学生. 4 [usu attrib 通常作定语] worthless or having no special purpose or effect; useless 无价值的; 徒然的; 无效的; 无用的: * an idle threat/promise 说说而已的恐吓[允诺] * idle curiosity/gossip/speculation 无聊的好奇[闲言碎语/胡思乱想] * It's idle to expect help from him. 指望他帮助只会是一场空. 5 (idm 习语) the devil makes work for idle hands => devil1. 派生： idle v 1 [I, Ip] ~ (about) do nothing; waste time; be idle 无所事事; 浪费时光; 闲荡: Stop idling and help me clean up. 别游手好闲的, 来帮我打扫打扫吧. 2 [I] (of an engine) run slowly in neutral gear or without doing work （指发动机）挂空挡, 空转. 3 (phr v) idle sth away waste (time) 虚度（光阴）: idle away the hours watching TV 把时间浪费在看电视上. idler[5aidlE(r);'aidll] n. idleness n [U]. idly[5aidli; 5aidli] adv.

idol
[5aidl; 5aidl] n 1 image of a god, often carved in stone, wood, etc and used as an object of worship 神像（常为石雕、 木刻等供顶礼膜拜用）. 2 person or thing that is greatly loved or admired 受崇拜与热爱的人或物: * As an only child he was the idol of his parents. 他是独生子, 是父母的宠儿. * The Beatles were the pop idols of the 60's. 披头士乐队是六十年代人们崇拜的偶像.

idolater
[ai'dClEtE(r); ai'dalEtl] (fem 阴性作 idolatress/ aI5dClEtrIs; aI`dBlEtrIs/) n person who worships an idol or idols 偶像崇拜者. 派生： idolatrous/ai'dClEtrEs; ai'dalEtrEs] adj (a) worshipping idols 崇拜偶像的. (b) of or like the worship of idols （似）偶像崇拜的: * an idolatrous love of material wealth 对物质财富极度的爱慕. idolatrously[-li; -li] adv. idolatry/ai'dClEtri; ai'dalEtri] n [U] (a) worship of idols 偶像崇拜. (b) too much devotion or admiration 盲目崇拜: * He supports his local team with a fervour that borders on idolatry. 他是本地队的球迷, 狂热得到了近乎盲目崇拜的程度了.

idolize, idolise
[5aidElaiz; 5aidl7aiz] v [Tn] (a) treat (sb/sth) as an idol 将（某人[某物]）当作偶像崇拜. (b) love or admire (sb/sth) very much 极度喜爱或仰慕（某人[某事物]）: * idolize a pop group 十分喜爱某流行乐团. 派生： idolization, -isation[7aidElai'zeiFn; 7aidlai'zeFEn] n [U] idolizing or being idolized 偶像化; 奉为神圣; 盲目崇拜.

idyll
[5idil; - 'aidl; 5aidl] n 1 short piece of poetry or prose that describes a happy and peaceful scene or event, esp of country life 描述欢愉恬静情景的短诗或短文; （尤指）田园诗. 2 simple pleasant scene or event 轻松欢乐的情景或事情. 派生： idyllic/i'dilik; - ai'd-; ai'dilik] adj like an idyll; peaceful and pleasant 田园诗般的; 田园风光的; 平和欢畅的: * an idyllic setting, holiday, marriage 田园风光的环境、 恬静愉快的假日、 和谐美满的婚姻. idyllically[-klI; -klI/ adv: * idyllically happy 悠然自得.

ie
[7ai 'i:; 7ai 'i] abbr 缩写 = that is to say; in other words (Latin id est) 亦即, 也就是, 换言之（源自拉丁文id est）: * Hot drinks, ie tea and coffee, are charged for separately. 热饮, 即茶和咖啡, 另计. =>Usage at viz 用法见viz.

if
[if; if] conj 1 on condition that; supposing 假如; 如果; 倘若; 要是. (a) (used with the present and present perfect tenses for highly predictable situations 与现在时态和现在完成时态连用表示预料到的情况): * I'll only stay if you offer me more money. 假若你肯多给钱, 我就留下. * If you have finished eating you may leave the table. 你要是吃完了, 就可以离席了. * If (it is) necessary I will come at 6. 如有必要, 我6点钟来. * You can stay to dinner if you like. 你愿意的话, 可以留下一起吃饭. * If anyone calls tell them I'm not at home. 有人来电话, 就说我不在家. * (fml 文) If the patient should vomit, turn him over with his head to the side. 倘若病人要呕吐, 就帮他翻过身来, 头侧向一边. (b) (used with a past tense for imaginary situations 与过去时态连用表示假想的情况): * If you learned to type you would easily find a job. 假使你学过打字, 就容易找工作了. * If he were here I could explain to him myself. 要是他在这里, 我就可以亲自向他解释了. * If I was a man they would have given me the job. 我要是男的, 这份工作就准给我了. * Would she tell us the truth if we asked her? 我们问她, 她会告诉我们实情麽? * If you liked (ie With your approval) I could ask my brother to look at your car. 你要同意的话, 我可以叫我弟弟来给你检查一下汽车. * They would have been here by now if they'd caught the early train.他们要是赶上了早班火车, 现在都该到这儿了. * I wouldn't have believed it possible, if I hadn't seen it happen. 要不是亲眼目睹, 我决不会相信能有这种事. =>Usage at unless 用法见unless. 2 when (ever) 无论何时; 当: * If metal gets hot it expands. 金属遇热则膨胀. * She glares at me if I go near her desk. 我一走近她的办公桌, 她就瞪我. 3 (used with will and would as the first part of a sentence when making a polite request 与will和would连用, 作复合句的前部, 用以提出请求显得客气):

if1
* If you will sit down for a few moments (ie Please sit down and) I'll tell the manager you're here. 请稍坐, 我这就通知经理说您来了. * If you would care to leave your name, we'll get in touch as soon as possible. 请留下您的名字, 我们尽快和您联系. 4 (used after ask, know, find out, wonder, etc to introduce alternatives 用於ask、 know、 find out、 wonder等之後, 以引导含不同可能性的情况) whether 是否: * Do you know if he's married? 他结婚没结婚, 你知道吗? * I wonder if I should wear a hat. 我不知道该不该戴帽子. * He couldn't tell if she was laughing or crying. 他弄不清她是笑还是哭. * Listen to the tune see if you can remember the words. 请听这曲子--看你能不能想得起歌词来. 5 (used after vs or adjs expressing feelings 用於表示情感的动词或形容词之後): * I am sorry if I'm disturbing you. 很抱歉, 打搅您了. * I'd be grateful if you would keep it a secret. 如予保密, 无任感激. * Do you mind if I switch the radio off? 我可以关掉收音机吗? 6 (also even if) (used when admitting that sth may be true or may happen 用於承认某事可能属实或可能发生) although 即使; 纵然; 虽然: * If he said that, he didn't expect you to take it personally. 即使他是那样说的, 他也并不是针对你个人而言的. * Even if you saw him pick up the money, you can't be sure he stole it. 就算你看见是他拾起的钱, 你也不能肯定钱就是他偷的. 7 (used before an adj to introduce a contrast 用於形容词之前, 以引导一对比情况) although also 虽然; 尽管: * It was thoughtless if well-meaning. 用意虽好, 考虑欠周. * He's a real gentleman, if a little pompous at times. 他可是个正人君子, 虽然有时略显得傲慢了些. 8 (used to express surprise, astonishment, dismay, etc 用以表示意外、 惊奇、 沮丧等): * If it isn't my old friend Bob Thomson what a coincidence! 这不是我的老朋友鲍勃．汤姆森吗--真巧哇! * If that's not the best idea I've heard in a long time! 很久没听到过这麽好的意见了啊!

if2
* If he hasn't gone and got into trouble with the police! 他竟然跟警方惹上了麻烦! 9 (used before you think, ask, remember, etc to invite sb to listen to one's opinion 用於you think、 ask、 remember等之前, 请对方听自己的意见): * If you ask me, she's too scared to do it. 依我说, 她是吓得不敢去做. * If you think about it, those children must be grown-up by now. 想想吧, 那些孩子现在一定都长大成人了. * If you remember, Mary was always fond of animals. 记得吗, 玛丽一向喜欢动物. 10 (idm 习语) ,if and `when (used to express uncertainty about a possible event in the future 用以表示怀疑将来的事能否发生): * If and when we ever meet again I hope he remembers to thank me. 倘若我们再有见面之时, 希望他不会忘记谢我. if ,I were `you; if ,I was/were in `your shoes/place (used to introduce a piece of advice to sb 用以引导出劝告某人的话): * If I were you I'd start looking for another job. 我要是你, 就去另找工作了. * If I were in your shoes, he'd soon know what I thought of him. 若是我处在你的地位, 他很快就会知道我对他的看法了. if `anything (used to express a tentative opinion or after a negative statement to say that the opposite is true 用以表达无把握的看法, 或用於否定的话语之後, 表示所说的是反话) if anything definite can be said, this is it 若能稍有把握地说出来, 其实是这样: * I'd say he was more like his father, if anything. 若非要说出像谁不可来, 我倒认为他略微像他父亲. * He's not thin if anything he's rather on the plump side. 他可不瘦--按说还算有点胖呢. if `not (a) (used after if and a v in the present or present perfect tense 用於if +动词（现在时态或现在完成时态）之後) otherwise 要不; 不然: * I'll go if you're going if not I'd rather stay at home. 你去我就去, 否则我宁可待在家里. * If you've finished we can have a coffee if not, you'd better keep working. 你要是完事了, 咱们可以喝杯咖啡--不然的话, 你最好接着干下去.

if3
(b) (used after a yes/no question to give a promise, warning, etc 用於yes/no疑问句之後, 表示许诺、 告诫等): * Are you ready? If not, I'm going without you. 准备好了吗? 要不, 我就自己去了. if `only (a) (used to express a wish with reference to present or future time 用以表示对现时或未来的愿望): * If only I were rich. 但愿我很富. * If only I could swim. 要是我会游泳该多好. * If only I knew her name. 我要是知道她的名字就好了. * If only it would stop raining. 真希望雨能停. * If only they would tell me what they've decided. 但愿他们能把决定告诉我. (b) (used to express a wish that past events had been different 用以表示与过去事实相反的愿望): * If only he'd remembered to buy some fruit. 他当时要是记得买些水果来该多好. * If only I had gone by taxi. 假若我是乘计程车去的就好了. only if (when used at the beginning of a sentence, making the v in the following clause precede its subject 用於句首, 後接从句主谓倒装) only on condition that 只要; 只有: * Only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to enter this room. 只有得到教师的允许, 学生才可以进这间屋. * Only if the red light comes on is there any danger to employees. 只要红灯一亮, 就表示有危及职工的险情. 派生： if n (infml 口) 1 uncertainty 不确定的事; 无把握的事: If he wins and it's a big if he'll be the first Englishman to win for twenty years. 假使他赢了--是否能赢还是一大疑问--他将是二十年来第一个获胜的英国人. 2 (idm 习语) ,ifs and `buts reservations; arguments against sth 保留意见; 对某事物的辩解: Now I'm not having any ifs and buts it's cold showers for everyone before breakfast tomorrow. 好了, 不要跟我讨价还价--明天早饭前大家都要用冷水淋浴. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Both if and whether are used in reporting questions which invite yes/no answers or offer a choice between alternatives *if和whether均用於间接疑问句, 要求回答yes/no或提供选择: (`Do you want a drink?’) He asked whether/if we wanted a drink. （‘你们想喝点东西吗?’）他问我们是否要喝点东西.

if4
* He didn't know whether/if we should write or phone. 他不知道我们是写信好呢还是打电话好. Whether (NOT if) can be followed by an infinitive *whether後面可接不定式（if不可这样用）: I'm not sure whether to resign or stay on. 我拿不准主意是辞职还是留任. After a preposition whether must be used 在介词之後只能用whether: It depends on whether the letter arrives in time. 这取决於信是否来得及时. Whether is also used when the clause it begins is the subject of a sentence *whether还可用以引导主语从句: Whether they win or lose is all the same to me. 他们是赢是输於我都一样. Whether (NOT if) can be immediately followed by `or not' *whether後面可直接用or not（if不可这样用）: I'll be happy whether or not I get the job (compare 试比较: I'll be happy whether/if I get the job or not 我能不能得到那份工作都一样高兴).

igloo
[5iglu:; 5iglu] n (pl ~s) small dome-shaped housebuilt by Eskimos from blocks of hard snow as a temporaryshelter （爱斯基摩人用坚硬雪块砌成的临时栖身用的）拱形圆顶小屋.

igneous
[5igniEs; 5igniEs] adj (geology 地质) (of rocks) formed by molten matter (esp from volcanoes) that has become solid （指岩石）火成的（尤指火山喷出的）.

ignite
[ig'nait; ig'nait] v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) catch fire （使某物）燃烧, 着火; 点火; 点燃: * Petrol ignites very easily. 汽油易燃. * He struck a match and ignited the fuse. 他划了根火柴, 点着了导火索. 派生： ignition/ig'niFn; ig'niFEn] n 1 [U] causing sth to catch fire 着火; 点火; 发火. 2 [C] electrical mechanism that ignites the mixture of explosive gases in a petrol engine （汽油发动机的）发火装置, 点火装置, 点火开关: * switch/turn on the ignition 打开点火开关.

ignoble
[ig'nEubl; ig'nobl] adj not honourable in character or purpose; shameful 卑鄙的; 不光彩的; 可耻的: * an ignoble person, action 卑鄙的人、 行为. > ignobly[-nEUblI; -`noblI/ adv.

ignominy
[5ignEmini; 5ignE7mini] [U] (esp public) shame or humiliation; disgrace （尤指公开的）耻辱, 污辱, 不名誉, 不体面, 丑行: * the ignominy of defeat 战败的耻辱. 派生： ignominious[7ignE'miniEs; 7ignE'miniEs] adj shameful or humiliating; causing disgrace 耻辱的; 屈辱的; 丢脸的: * an ignominious defeat 可耻的失败. ignominiously adv.

ignoramus
[7ignE'reimEs; 7ignE'remEs] n (pl ~es[-sIz; -sIz/) ignorant person 无知的人.

ignorance
[5ignErEns; 5ignErEns] n [U] ~ (of sth) lack of knowledge or information (about sth) （对某事物）无知: * We are in complete ignorance of your plans. 我们对你的计画一无所知. * If he did wrong it was only through ignorance. 要是他做错了, 那也只是出於无知.

ignorant
[5ignErEnt; 5ignErEnt] adj 1 (a) ~ (of sth)knowing little or nothing; lacking education or information; unaware 无知的; 愚昧的; 没有学识的; 不知道的: * He's not stupid, just ignorant. 他并不蠢, 只是无知罢了. * To say you were ignorant of the rules is no excuse. 说自己不知道规则是不能成为藉口的. (b) showing or resulting from lack of knowledge 显示无知的; 由无知而产生的: * an ignorant stare, look, etc 茫然的凝视、 样子等. 2 (infml 口) rude through lack of knowledge about good manners 不识礼的; 粗野的; 没有礼貌的: * His ignorantbehaviour at the dinner table caused much embarrassment.他在餐桌上举止粗鲁, 在座的人颇为难堪. > ignorantlyadv.

ignore
[ig'nC:(r); ig'nCr] v [Tn] 1 take no notice of (sb/sth) 忽视（某人[某事物]）: * You've been ignoring me. 你一直不把我放在眼里. * I can't ignore his rudeness any longer. 他粗暴无礼, 我再也不能不闻不问了. * ignore criticism 忽视批评. 2 deliberately refuse to greet or acknowledge (sb) 对（某人）故意不打招呼、 不予承认或不予理睬: * I said hello to her, but she ignored me completely! 我向她打招呼, 可她根本不理我!

iguana
[5igwa:nE; i'gwanE] n type of large tree-climbing lizard of tropical America 硈鼠鳞蜥（产於热带美洲的攀木大蜥蜴）.

ikon
= icon.

il-
=> in-2.

ilex
[5aileks; 5aileks] n (pl ~es) 1 (botany 植) (plant of the) genus of trees that includes holly 冬青属; 冬青属植物. 2 (also holm-oak) type of evergreen oak-tree with leaves like holly 圣栎（一种常青栎树, 叶似冬青）.

ilk
[ilk; ilk] n (idm 习语) of that/the same/his, her, etc ilk (infml joc 口, 谑) of that, the same, his, etc kind, sort or type 那一类[同一种/他、 她...那类]: * I can't stand him, or any others of that/his ilk. 他这类人的行为我无法忍受.

ill
1[il; il] adv (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) 1 badly; wrongly 坏; 恶劣地: * an ,ill-written `book 写得很差劲的书 * Their children are ill `cared for, ie neglected.他们的孩子疏於照料. Cf 参看 well3 1a. 2 unfavourably; unkindly 不利地; 不友好地; 坏: * speak/think ill of sb 说某人坏话[对某人不怀好感]. Cf 参看 well3 1b. 3 only with difficulty; scarcely 困难地; 几乎不: * We can ill afford the time or money for a holiday. 我们简直连度假的时间或金钱都没有. 4 (idm 习语) augur well/ill for sb/sth => augur. bode well/ill => bode. deserve well/ill of sb => deserve. ,ill at `ease uncomfortable; embarrassed 不舒服; 困窘; 局促. wish sb well/ill => wish v. 复合： ,ill-ad`vised adj unwise 不明智的; 考虑欠周的: an,ill-advised `meeting 考虑欠周的会晤. ill-advisedly/ 9IlEd5vaIzIdlI; `IlEd`vaIzIdlI/ adv. ,ill-as`sorted adj badly matched; mixed 不配合的; 不相称的: an ill-assorted collection of shoes 杂七杂八的一堆鞋 * They make an ,ill-assorted `couple, ie don't seem well suited to each other. 他们俩不很般配. ,ill-`bred adj badly brought up; badly behaved; rude 教养不好的; 粗野的; 无礼的: an ,ill-bred `child 没有教养的孩子. Cf 参看 well-bred (well3). ,ill `breeding bad manners 恶劣的教养; 粗野; 无礼. ,ill-con`sidered adj not carefully or sufficiently thoughtabout 考虑欠周的; 不谨慎的; 不妥的: an ,ill-considered `act 不明智的举动. ,ill-de`fined adj 1 not accurately described 不清楚的; 含混的; 不分明的; 不明确的: an ,ill-defined `job 内容不明确的工作. 2 not distinct in outline 轮廓不鲜明的: an ill-defined lump of rock on the horizon 天边一处轮廓不清的岩影. ,ill-dis`posed adj ~ (towards sb/sth) (fml 文) not friendly or pleasant; not favouring 不友好的; 不喜欢的; 无好感的: She's very ill-disposed towards her neighbours.她对左邻右舍概无好感. Cf 参看 well-disposed (well3).

ill1
,ill-`fated adj bringing or having bad luck or misfortune 带来不幸的; 注定倒霉的: an ill-fated expedition 运气不佳的远征. ,ill-`favoured adj (fml 文) (esp of people) unattractive in appearance; ugly （尤指人）丑陋的, 其貌不扬的, 难看的. ,ill-`founded adj not based on fact or truth 无根据的; 凭空的; 毫无理由的: ,ill-founded `claims, as`sumptions, su`spicions, etc 毫无理由的索赔、 凭空的臆断、 无根据的怀疑. ,ill-`gotten adj (dated or joc 旧或谑) obtained dishonestly非法得来的; 来路不正的: ,ill-gotten `gains 不义之财. ,ill-`judged adj not well timed; unwise 判断不当的; 不合时宜的; 不明智的: an ,ill-judged `rescue attempt 时机选择不当的营救行动. ,ill-`mannered adj having bad manners; rude 无礼貌的; 举止粗鲁的. ,ill-`natured adj bad-tempered; unkind 脾气坏的; 粗暴的; 不厚道的; 不仁慈的: an ,ill-natured `person, `comment脾气恶劣的人、 恶意的评语. ,ill-`omened, ,ill-`starred adjs (rhet 修辞) unlucky 不吉利的; 倒霉的; 不幸的. ,ill-`timed adj done or happening at a wrong or unsuitable time 不合时宜的; 不适时的: Our visit was ill-timed my mother had guests already. 我们探望母亲很不是时候--她家里已经来了客人. Cf 参看 well-timed (well>3). ,ill-`treat, ,ill-`use vs [Tn] treat or use (sb/sth) unkindly or badly 虐待, 折磨（某人[某物]）: ill-treat one's dog 虐待自己的狗. ,ill-`treatment, ,ill-`usage ns [U].

illegal
[i'li:gl; i'ligl] adj against the law; not legal 不合法的; 违法的. 派生： illegality[7ili'gAlEti; 7ili'gAlEti] n 1 [U] state of being illegal 不合法; 违法. 2 [C] illegal act 非法行为. illegally[-gEli; -gli] adv: * an illegally parked car 违章停放的汽车.

illegible
[i'ledVEbl; i'ledVEbl] (also unreadable) adj difficult or impossible to read; not legible 难以辨认的; （字迹）模糊的; 不能辨识的: * an illegible signature 难以辨认的签字. > illegibility/i7lEdVE'bilEti; i7ledVE'bilEti] n [U]. illegibly[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv.

illegitimate
[7ili'dVitimEt; 7ili'dVitEmEt] adj 1 born of parents not married to each other; not legitimate by birth 非婚生的; 私生的: * an ,illegitimate `child 私生儿 * She's illegitimate. 她是私生女. 2 not allowed by the law or by the rules 法律不容的; 规则不许可的; 非法的: * illegitimate use of company property 对公司财产的盗用. 3 (of a conclusion in an argument, etc) not logical （指辩论等的结论）不合逻辑的, 不合理的. > illegitimacy/ 9IlI5dVItImEsI; 9IlI`dVItEmEsI/ n [U]. illegitimately adv.

illiberal
[i'libErEl; i'libErEl] adj (fml 文) 1 (a) nottolerant; narrow-minded 不能容让的; 心胸狭豁益的: * illiberalattitudes 偏执的看法. (b) lacking culture 缺乏文化素养的; 粗鄙的: * an illiberal upbringing 不良的教养. 2 meanor stingy; not generous 吝啬的; 小气的; 不大方的: * illiberalhelpings of food 添加的分量少的食物. > illiberality/i7libE'rlEti; i7libE'rAlEti] n [U]. illiberally[-rEli;-rEli] adv.

illicit
[i'lisit; i'lisit] adj (a) not allowed by law; illegal 法律不许可的; 违禁的; 非法的: * the illicit sale of drugs 毒品的非法贩卖. (b) not approved by the normal rules ofsociety 违反社会规则的; 不正当的: * an illicit relationship不正当的关系. > illicitly adv.

illiterate
[i'litErEt; i'litErEt] adj 1 (a) not able to read or write 不会读或不会写的; 不识字的: * an illiterate child 不识字的孩子. Cf 参看 unlettered. (b) showing such ignorance 文字不通的: * an illiterate letter, ie one that contains many mistakes of spelling and grammar 文字不通的信. 2 (a) showing little or no education 缺乏教育的; 教育程度很低的: * You must be illiterate if you've never heard of Marx. 要是你连马克思这个人都从未听说过, 那麽你一定是没有受过教育的了. (b) ignorant in a particular field （对某一领域）无知的, 外行的: * be scientifically illiterate 科盲. 派生： illiteracy/i'litErEsi; i'litErEsi] n [U] state of being illiterate 文盲; 缺乏教育; 无知: * Illiteracy is a major problem in some developing countries. 在一些发展中国家, 文盲是个大问题. illiterate n illiterate person 文盲; 无知的人.

illness
[5ilnis; 5ilnis] n 1 [U] state of being ill in body or mind; lack of health 病; 疾病; 不健康: * We've had a lot of illness in the family. 我们家的人患过很多病. 2 [C] type or period of illness 患的病; 患病期间: * serious illnesses 重病 * recovering after a long illness 久病之後逐渐康复.

illogical
[i'lCdVikl; i'ladVikl] adj 1 without reason or logic; not sensible 没有道理的; 不合逻辑的; 悖於理的; 乖戾的: * It seems illogical to change the timetable so often. 时间表变动得如此频繁, 似乎没有什麽道理. 2 contrary to the rules of logic 与逻辑相违的: * an illogical conclusion 不合逻辑的结论. > illogicality/i7lCdVi'klEti; i7ladVi'kAlEti] n [C, U]. illogically[-kli; -kli] adv.

illuminate
[i'lu:mineit; i'lumE7net] v [Tn] 1 provide (sth) with light 照明, 照亮, 照射（某物）: * a football pitch illuminated with floodlights 用泛光灯照亮的足球场. 2 decorate (sth) with bright lights for a special occasion 用灯装饰（某物）: * illuminate a street, building, etc 用彩灯装饰街道、 建 物等. 3 (esp formerly) decorate (a book) with gold, silver and bright colours, usu by hand （尤指旧时）用金色、 银色或鲜艳色彩装饰（书）（通常为手工制作）: * an illuminated manuscript 装饰过的手稿. 4 (fml 文) make (sth) clear; help to explain 阐明（某事物）; 解释清楚; 启发: * illuminate a difficult passage in a book 解释书中难懂的段落. 派生： illuminating adj particularly revealing or helpful 富有启发性的; 很有助益的: an illuminating analysis, talk, etc 很有启发的分析、 谈话等. illumination/i7lu:mi'neiFn; i7lumE'neFEn] n 1 [U] illuminating or being illuminated; (source of) light 照明; 照度; 光（源）. 2 illuminations [pl] (Brit) bright colourful lights used to decorate a town for a special occasion 彩灯; 灯饰: * the Christmas illuminations in the high street 大街上的圣诞节彩灯. 3 [C usu pl 通常作复数] coloured decoration, usu painted by hand, in an old book （旧书上的）彩饰, 图案花饰（通常为手工制作的）.

illusion
[i'lu:Vn; i'luVEn] n 1 (a) [C] false idea, belief or impression; delusion 错误的观念; 幻觉; 错觉: * I have no illusions about my ability, ie I know that I am not very able. 我对自己的能力如何颇有自知之明（我知道自己的能力不很强）. * We're left with few illusions about ourally. 我们的处境已不容我们对盟友再存多少幻想了. (b)[U] state of mind in which one is deceived in this way 幻觉; 错觉: * You think that, do you? Pure illusion! 你是那麽想的吗? 纯粹是错觉! 2 [C] thing that a person wrongly believes to exist; false perception 幻想中的事物; 错觉: * an optical illusion 光幻视 * In the hot sun the surface of the road seems wet, but that is only an illusion. 路面在烈日之下像是湿的, 然而这仅仅是错觉. 3 (idm 习语) be under an/the illusion (that...) believe wrongly 误信: * I was under the illusion that he was honest until he was caught stealing some money. 他偷钱当场被人抓住, 在此之前我一直误以为他是个老实人. 派生： illusionist[-VEnist; -VEnist] n person who does clever tricks on stage that deceive the audience; conjurer 魔术师; 幻术师.

illusive
[i'lu:siv; i'lusiv] , illusory/i'lu:sEri; i'lusEri] adjs based on illusion; deceptive 幻觉的; 虚假的; 骗人的.

illustrate
[5ilEstreit; 5ilEstret] v [Tn] 1 supply (sth) with pictures, diagrams, etc 为（某物）作插图或图表: * illustrate a book, magazine, lecture 给书、 杂志、 讲义作插图 * a well-illustrated textbook 有精美插图的教科书.2 (a) explain or make (sth) clear by examples, diagrams, pictures, etc （用示例、 图表等）说明, 阐明（某事物）: * To illustrate my point I have done a comparative analysis. 为说明我的观点, 我做了对比分析. (b) be an example of (sth) 表明或显示为（某事物）的例证: * This behaviour illustrates your selfishness. 你的行为说明你很自私. 派生： illustration[7ilE'streiFn; 7ilEs'treFEn] n 1 [U] illustrating or being illustrated 作插图; 图解; 图示; 示例; 举例说明: * the art of book illustration 书籍的插图艺术 * Illustration is often more useful than definition for showing what words mean. 用图解或示例解释词义往往比用定义解释更清楚. 2 [C] drawing, diagram or picture in a book, magazine, etc 书或杂志上的图画、 图表、 照片: * colour illustrations 彩色插图. 3 [C] example used to explain sth （说明某事物用的）示例, 实例, 例证. illustrative[5ilEstrEtiv; - i'lQs-; i'lQstrEtiv] adj servingas an example or illustration 作为例证或图解的; 作说明用的; 解说性的: * an illustrative quotation 说明性的引文 * That outburst was illustrative of her bad temper. 这一通发作适足说明她脾气坏. illustrator n person who draws and paints pictures for books, etc 为书制作插图的人.

illustrious
[i'lQstriEs; i'lQstriEs] adj very famous anddistinguished 着名的; 杰出的; 卓越的. > illustriouslyadv.

ILO
[7ai el 'Eu; 7ai el 'o] abbr 缩写 = International Labour Organization 国际劳工组织.

im-
=> in-1, in-2.

image
[5imidV; 5imidV] n 1 (a) [C] copy of the shape of a person or thing, esp one made in stone or wood; statue 像, 肖像, 偶像（尤指木、 石雕刻的）: * carved images 雕像. (b) [sing] (arch 古) close likeness 极相像: * According to the Bible, God created man in his image. 据《圣经》所叙, 上帝按自己的形象创造了人. 2 [C] mental picture or idea 心目中的形象或概念: * I have this image of you as always being cheerful. 在我的心目中, 你的样子总是兴高采烈的. 3 [C] general impression thata person, firm, product, etc gives to the public; reputation（人、 公司、 产品等给公众的）总印象; 形象; 声誉: * How can we improve our (public) image? 我们怎样才能改善自己（在公众心目中）的形象? 4 [C] figure of speech; simile; metaphor 意象; 比喻; 明喻; 隐喻: * a poem full of startling images 充满惊人意象的诗. 5 [C] appearance of sb or sth when seen in a mirror or through the lens ofa camera 映像; 影像; 镜像. 6 (idm 习语) be the (very/living/spitting) image of sb/sth (infml 口) be or look exactly like sb/sth 极像某人[某事物]: * She's the (spitting) image of her mother. 她长得活像她妈妈. 派生： imagery[5imidVEri; 5imidVEri] n [U] 1 use of figurative language to produce pictures in the minds of readers or hearers 形象化的描叙; 意象: * poetic imagery 诗的意象. 2 statues; images as a group 像, 画像, 塑像, 雕像, 偶像（总称）.

imaginable
[i'mAdVinEbl; i'mAdVinEbl] adj that can be imagined 可想像的; 想像得到的: * We had the greatest difficulty imaginable getting here in time. 我们为了及时赶到此地, 经历了可能想见的最大的困难.

imaginary
[i'mAdVinEri; - -Eneri; i'mAdVE7neri] adj existing only in the mind or imagination; not real 想像中的; 假想的; 虚构的; 幻想的: * imaginary fears 想像中的恐惧.

imagination
[i7mAdVi'neiFn; i7mAdVE'neFEn] n 1 (a) [U, C] ability to form mental images or pictures 想像力: * He hasn't much imagination. 他缺乏想像力. * Her talk captured (ie gripped and stimulated) the imagination of the whole class. 她的谈话吸引了全班的同学, 激发了他们的想像力. (b) [C] part of the mind that does this 想像: * In my imagination, I thought I heard her calling me. 我在想像中彷佛听到她在呼唤我. 2 [U] use of this ability in a practical or creative way 想像力的运用: * His writing lacks imagination. 他的写作缺乏想像力. * Use your imagination to find an answer. 运用你的想像力来寻找答案. 3 [U] thing experienced in the mind and not in reality 想像出来的事物; 幻想物: * I can't have seen a ghost it must have been imagination. 我看到的不可能是鬼--一定是幻想的东西吧. * Is it my imagination or have you lost a lot of weight? 是我的错觉呢, 还是你真的瘦了许多? 4 (idm 习语) the mind/imagination boggles => boggle. not by any/by no stretch of the imagination => stretch n. 派生： imaginative/i'mAdVinEtiv; - -Eneitiv; i'mAdVE7netiv] adj having or showing imagination 富於想像力的; 爱想像的: * an imaginative child, writer, production 有想像力的孩子、 富於想像力的作家、 体现出想像力的产品. imaginatively adv.

imagine
[i'mAdVin; i'mAdVin] v 1 [Tn, Tf, Tw, Tg, Tsg, Cn.a, Cn.pr, Cn.t] form a mental image of (sth) 想像, 设想（某事物）: * Imagine a house with a big garden. 设想有一所带大花园的房子. * Imagine that you are in London. 想像一下你正在伦敦吧. * Can you imagine what it would be like to live without electricity? 你能想像出生活中没有电会是一幅什麽样的情景吗? * She imagined walking into the office and telling everyone what she thought of them. 她想像自己走进办公室, 对每个人都说出自己对他们的看法. * Imagine yourself (to be) rich and famous. 想像一下你又有钱, 又有名的情况. 2 [Tf, Tw, Tg, Tsg] think of (sth) as probable or possible 料想, 设想, 想到（某事物）: * I can't imagine that anyone cares what I do. 我想不出谁会关心我的所作所为. * I can't imagine living (ie don't think I shall ever live) anywhere but England. 我很难设想能到英国以外的地方去生活. * Would you ever have imagined him/his becoming a politician? 你怎能料想到他竟当上政治家了? 3 [Tn, Tf] suppose (sth); assume 猜想（某事物）; 认为: * I imagine (that) he'll be there. 我猜他会到那儿去.

imam
[i'ma:m; i'mam] n 1 person who leads the prayers in a mosque 伊玛目（清真寺内率领伊斯兰教徒作礼拜的人）. 2 Imam title of various Muslim religious leaders 伊玛目（伊斯兰教领袖的头衔）.

imbalance
[7im'bAlEns; im'bAlEns] n lack of balance or proportion; inequality 不平衡; 不均衡; 失衡; 失调: * The current trade deficit indicates a serious imbalance between our import and export trade. 当前的贸易赤字表明我们的进出口贸易严重失调.

imbecile
[5imbEsi:l; - -sl; 5imbEsl] n (a) (esp adult) person with abnormally low intelligence （尤指成年人）低能者, 弱智者. (b) (infml 口) stupid or silly person; fool 蠢人; 傻瓜. 派生： imbecile, imbecilic adjs [usu attrib 通常作定语] stupid; foolish 愚蠢的; 傻的: an imbecile remark 愚蠢的言语 * imbecile behaviour 愚笨的举止. imbecility[7imbE'silEti; 7imbE'silEti] n 1 [U] stupidity 愚蠢. 2 [C] stupid act, remark, etc 愚蠢的行为、 言语等.

imbibe
[im'baib; im'baib] v 1 [I, Tn] (fml or joc 文或谑) drink (sth, esp alcohol) 喝, 饮（尤指酒类）: * Are you imbibing? 你正在喝酒吗? 2 [Tn] (fig 比喻) take in or absorb (sth) 吸收或接受（某事物）: * imbibe fresh air, knowledge 吸入新鲜空气、 接受知识.

imbroglio
[im'brEuliEu; im'broljo] n (pl ~s[-z; -z] ) complicated, confused or embarrassing situation, esp a political or an emotional one 错综复杂的局面, 纠缠不清的关系, 尴尬的处境（尤指政治上的或感情上的）.

imbue
[im'bju:; im'bju] v [Tn.pr esp passive 尤用於被动语态] ~ sb/sth with sth (fml 文) fill or inspire sb/sth with (feelings, etc) 使（某人[某事物]）充满或激起（感情等）: * imbued with patriotism, ambition, love, etc 充满爱国主义精神、 雄心勃勃、 满怀爱心 * politicians imbued with a sense of their own importance 自以为举足轻重的政治家们.

IMF
[7ai em 'ef; 7ai em 'ef] abbr 缩写 = International Monetary Fund 国际货币基金组织.

imitate
[5imiteit; 5imE7tet] v [Tn] 1 copy the behaviour of (sb/sth); take or follow as an example 学（某人[某物]）的样; 仿效: * Decide what you want to do; don't just imitate others. 想做什麽自己决定, 不要一味学别人的样. 2 copy the speech, actions, dress, etc of (sb); mimic 模仿（某人的言谈、 举止、 衣着等）: * He's very clever at imitating his friends. 他非常擅长於模仿朋友的言行. 3 be like (sb/sth); look like 与（某人[某事物]）相似; 好像: * The stage was designed to imitate a prison cell. 舞台设计成牢房的样子. 派生： imitator n person who imitates (esp other people) 模仿（尤指他人）的人.

imitation
[7imi'teiFn; 7imE'teFEn] n 1 [C] thing produced as a copy of the real thing 仿制品; 仿造品; 膺品: * That's not an original Rembrandt, it's an imitation. 这不是伦勃朗的真品, 是件膺品. * [attrib 作定语] imitationleather, jewellery, etc, ie material made to look like leather, jewellery, etc 人造革、 假珠宝. 2 [U] imitating 仿; 效: * learn sth by imitation 通过模仿学习某事物 * The house was built in imitation of a Roman villa. 这所房子是仿罗马别墅式的建 . 3 [C] impersonation or mimicking of a person's speech or behaviour 扮演或模仿某人的言谈举止: * an entertainer who does hilarious imitations of politicians' voices 专门学政治家讲话作滑稽模拟表演的演员.

imitative
[5imitEtiv; - -teitiv; 5imE7tetiv] adj copying or following a model or example 模仿的; 仿效的; 模拟的: * His style of public speaking is imitative of the prime minister. 他的演讲风格是模仿首相的. * Sculpture is an imitative art, ie it copies people, things, etc from real life. 雕刻是模仿的艺术（模刻真实生活中的人、 物等）.

immaculate
[i'mAkjulEt; i'mAkjElEt] adj (approv 褒) 1 perfectly clean and tidy; spotless 整洁的; 无污迹的; 无瑕的: * an immaculate uniform 整洁的制服. 2 right in every detail; having no mistakes 精确的; 无误的: * animmaculate performance 完美的演出. > immaculatelyadv: * immaculately dressed 衣着整洁. 复合： the Im,maculate Con`ception Roman Catholic teaching that the Virgin Mary was without sin from the moment of her conception 无原罪始胎, 始胎无玷（天主教会信条, 谓圣母马利亚自怀孕之始即无原罪）.

immanent
[5imEnEnt; 5imEnEnt] adj ~ (in sth) 1 (fml 文) (of qualities) naturally present; inherent （指特性）天生的, 内在的, 固有的: * He believed that beauty was not something imposed, but something immanent. 他认为美丽不是外在的而是内在的. 2 (of God) permanently present throughout the whole universe （指上帝）无处不在的. > immanence[-Ens; -Ens] n [U].

immaterial
[7imE'tiEriEl; 7imE'tiriEl] adj 1 ~ (to sb) not important; irrelevant 不重要的; 不相干的: * The cost is immaterial. 成本微不足道. * It is immaterial (to me) whether he stays or leaves. 他的去留（对我）无所谓. 2 without physical form or substance 非物质的; 非实体的; 无形的: * as immaterial as a ghost 虚无如鬼魂.

immature
[7imE'tjuE(r); - -tuEr; 7imE'tur] adj 1 not sensible in behaviour or in controlling one's feelings; less mature than one would expect （行为或控制感情）不成熟的, 不够老练的: * He's very immature for his age. 就他的年龄来说, 他还很不成熟. 2 not (yet) fully developed or grown （尚）未充分成长的; 发育（尚）未完全的: * immature plants 幼嫩的植物. > immaturity/ 9ImE5tjUErEtI; US -tUEr-; 9ImE`tJrEtI/ n [U].

immeasurable
[i'meVErEbl; i'meVErEbl] adj that cannot be measured, esp because of largeness in size or extent 不可计量的, 无限的, 无比的（尤指因体积或程度之大）: * the immeasurable depths of the universe 宇宙的无限深广. > immeasurably[-bli; -bli] adv: * Your presence has enriched our lives immeasurably. 有你在, 我们的生活无比丰富. * The task seems immeasurably difficult. 任务似乎极为艰巨.

immediate
[i'mi:diEt; i'midiEt] adj 1 (a) happening or done at once 立即的; 即刻的: * I want an immediate reply. 我要求立即答覆我. * The response of the people to the famine appeal was immediate. 人们对救济 荒的吁求立刻作出了回应. * take immediate action 立刻采取行动. (b) [usu attrib 通常作定语] existing at the present time 目前的; 当前的: * Our immediate concern is for/with the families of those who died. 我们当务之急是安抚死者的家属. 2 [attrib 作定语] nearest in time, space or relationship （在时空上、 关系上）最接近的, 紧接的: * What are your plans for the immediate future? 你最近有什麽计画? * There's no post office in the immediateneighbourhood. 附近没有邮局. * his immediate predecessor他的前任 * one's immediate family, ie parents, children, brothers and sisters 直系亲属（父母、 子女、 兄弟、 姐妹）. 3 [attrib 作定语] with nothing coming in between; direct 直接的: * The immediate cause of death is unknown. 造成死亡的直接原因不明. 派生： immediacy[-Esi; -Esi] (also immediateness) n [U] closeness or reality of sth, so that one feels directly involved or has to deal with it at once 直接性; 即时性; 直观性; 实感性; 迫切性: * the immediacy of the war, as seen on television 战争的实感, 一如电视上所见 * the immediacy of the problem 问题的紧迫性. immediately adv 1 at once; without delay 立刻; 马上; 当即; 毫不耽搁: She answered almost immediately. 她几乎当下就答覆了. * The purpose may not be immediately evident. 这种目的不一定显而易见. 2 being nearest in time or space; directly （在时空上）最接近地, 直接地: in the years immediately after the war 战後最初的几年 * fix the lock immediately below the handle 把锁直接安在把手下方. 3 directly or very closely 直接地; 紧接地: the houses most immediately affected by the motorway 最直接受高速公路影响的房子. conj

immediate1
(esp Brit) as soon as; the moment that 即刻; 一...就...: I recognized her immediately I saw her. 我一看见她就立刻认出她来了.

immemorial
[7imE'mC:riEl; 7imE'mCriEl] adj (fml or rhet 文或修辞) 1 going back beyond the reach of human memory or written records （因年代久远）人类无法追忆的或文字记录所不及的. 2 (idm 习语) from/since time immemorial => time.

immense
[i'mens; i'mens] adj extremely large 巨大的; 广大的: * immense difficulties, problems, possibilities, etc 巨大的困难、 问题、 可能性等 * of immense importance 极为重要的. 派生： immensely adv to a very great extent; extremely极大地; 无限地; 极端地: immensely popular, rich, successful, etc 极其流行、 富有、 成功等 * They enjoyed the film immensely. 他们非常喜欢这部影片. immensity/i'mensEti; i'mensEti] n [U] largeness; great size 巨大; 广大: * the immensity of the universe 宇宙的浩瀚无垠.

immerse
[i'mE:s; i'mEs] v [Tn, Tn.pr] 1 ~ sth (in sth) put sth under the surface of a liquid 使某物浸没於液体中: * Immerse the plant (in water) for a few minutes. 把那棵植物（在水里）浸泡几分钟. 2 ~ oneself (in sth) involve oneself deeply (in sth); absorb oneself 使自己沉浸（於某事物）; 使自己深陷於或专心於: * be immersed in thought, one's business, a book 沉思、 埋首事务、 专心读书 * He immersed himself totally in his work. 他埋首於工作. 派生： immersion/i'mE:Fn; - -Vn; i'mEVEn] n [U] 1 immersing; being immersed 沉浸; 浸沉. 2 baptism by putting the whole body under water 洗礼; 浸礼. immersion heater electric heater fixed inside a hot-water tank in a home 浸入式加热器（家庭用的）.

immigrate
[5imigreit; 5imE7gret] v [I, Ipr] ~ (to/into...) enter a foreign country in order to live there permanently 移入（外国定居）. Cf 参看 emigrate. 派生： immigrant[5imigrEnt; 5imEgrEnt] n person who has come to live permanently in a foreign country （自外国移入的）移民: * Irish immigrants 来自爱尔兰的移民 * illegal immigrants 非法移民 * [attrib 作定语] the immigrant population 外来的移民人口. immigration[7imi'greiFn; 7imE'greFEn] n 1 [U, C] (instance of) moving of people from one country to come to live in another country permanently 移民: * restrictions on immigration 对外来移民的限制 * [attrib 作定语] immigration officials （处理外来移民的）移民局官员 * immigration controls （对外来的）移民管制. 2 [U] (also immi`gration control) control point at an airport, sea terminal, etc at which the passports and other documents of people wanting to come into a country are checked （设於机场、 港口等的）移民局检查站（负责检查入境者的护照及有关文件）: * go/pass through immigration 通过移民局检查.

imminent
[5iminEnt; 5imEnEnt] adj (esp of unpleasant events) about to happen; likely to happen very soon （尤指不愉快的事件）即将发生的, 临近的, 逼近的: * no warning of imminent danger 没有即将发生危险的警告 *An announcement of further cuts in government expenditureis imminent. 最近将发布进一步削减政府开支的公告. > imminence[-Ens; -Ens] n [U]: * the imminence of nuclear war 核战迫近的危险. imminently adv.

immobile
[i'mEubail; - -bl; i'mobl] adj 1 unable to move or be moved 不能活动的; 不能移动的: * Her illness has made her completely immobile. 她病得完全失去了活动能力. 2 not moving 不活动的; 静止的: * The deer stood immobile among the trees. 那只鹿一动不动地站在树丛里. 派生： immobility[7imE'bilEti; 7imo'bilEti] n [U] state of being immobile 静止（状态）; 固定; 不能动. immobilize, -ise/i'mEubElaiz; i'mobl7aiz] v [Tn] 1 prevent (sth) from moving or operating normally 使（某物）不动、 固定或不能正常运作: * A whole tank regiment was completely immobilized by enemy air attacks. 敌军的空袭将整个坦克团完全钳制住了. * This alarm immobilizes the car. 这种警报一发出, 汽车就停止不动了. * The firm has been immobilized by a series of strikes. 公司因一连串的罢工而陷於瘫痪. 2 keep (a patient, abroken limb, etc) completely still, in order to help recovery固定（病人、 断肢等）以助复元. immobilization, -isation/i7mEubElai'zeiFn; - -li'z-; i7moblE'zeFEn] n [U].

immoderate
[i'mCdErEt; i'madErEt] adj too extreme or excessive; not moderate 过度的; 无节制的; 极端的; 不适度的: * immoderate eating/drinking habits 无节制的大吃[大喝]的习惯. > immoderately adv.

immodest
[i'mCdist; i'madist] adj 1 indecent or not proper; not modest, esp concerning sexual behaviour 不雅的; 不端庄的; （尤指）猥亵的, 下流的: * an immodest dress 过分暴露的连衣裙 * immodest talk, behaviour, etc 不雅的谈话、 举动等. 2 showing or expressing too high an opinion of oneself; conceited 自高自大的; 自负的: * If I may be immodest for a moment, let me tell you about the latest book that I've written. 恕我出言无状, 请姑且容我谈谈新近的拙着. > immodestly adv. immodesty n [U].

immolate
[5imEleit; 5imE7let] v [Tn] (fml 文) kill (sb) as a sacrifice 杀（某人）作祭品. > immolation[7imE'leiFn;7imE'leFEn] n [U].

immoral
[i'mCrEl; - i'mC:rEl; i'mCrEl] adj 1 not following accepted standards of morality; not moral 不道德的; 邪恶的: * It's immoral to steal. 盗窃是不道德的. 2 not following accepted standards of sexual behaviour 放荡的; 猥亵的: * Some people still think it is immoral to have sex before marriage. 有些人仍然认为婚前的性行为是不道德的. * an immoral young man 不正经的年轻男子 * immoral earnings, eg from prostitution 不乾净的收入（如卖淫得来的）. 派生： immorality[7imE'rAlEti; 7imE'rAlEti] n [U] immoralbehaviour 不道德; 淫荡: * a life of immorality 淫荡的生活. immorally[-rEli; -rEli] adv: * behave immorally 淫荡地; 邪恶地; 不正经地; 猥亵地. Cf 参看 amoral.

immortal
[i'mC:tl; i'mCrtl] adj 1 living for ever; not mortal 不朽的; 永世的: * The soul is immortal. 灵魂不灭. 2 (a) famous for ever; that will be remembered for ever 流芳百世的; 万古流芳的; 名垂千古的: * the immortal Shakespeare 不朽的莎士比亚. (b) that will last for a long time or for ever; unfading 永存的; 永世的; 不泯的: * immortal fame/glory 不朽的名声[荣耀]. 派生： immortal n (usu pl 通常作复数) 1 person of lasting fame 不朽的人物; 千古流芳之士: Beethoven is regarded as one of the immortals of classical music. 贝多芬被认为是不朽的古典音乐大师. 2 immortal being, esp a god of ancient Greece and Rome 永生不朽者（尤指古代希腊和罗马的神）. immortality[7imC:'tAlEti; 7imCr'tAlEti] n [U] state of being immortal 不朽; 永存: * man's belief in immortality 人类对永生的信念. immortalize, -ise/i'mC:tElaiz; i'mCrtl7aiz] v [Tn] give endless life or fame to (sb/sth) 使（某人[某事物]）不朽、 永生、 永存、 名垂千古: * Wigan pier, as immortalized in George Orwell's book `The Road to Wigan Pier' 因乔治．奥韦尔的《通向威根码头之路》一书而永享盛名的威根码头.

immovable
[i'mu:vEbl; i'muvEbl] adj 1 that cannot be moved; impossible to move; fixed 不可移动的; 固定的: * an immovable stone column 岿然不动的石柱 * (law 律) immovable property, eg buildings and land 不动产（如建 物和土地）. 2 not changing; steadfast; firm 不变的; 坚定不移的; 牢固的: * immovable in purpose, intent, etc 目标、 意图等坚定不移的. > immovably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv.

immune
[i'mju:n; i'mjun] adj [usu pred 通常作表语] 1 ~ (to/against sth) that cannot be harmed by a disease or illness, either because of inoculation or through natural resistance 有免疫力（因接种疫苗或自发的）: * I'm immune to smallpox as a result of vaccination. 我种过牛痘了, 所以对天花有免疫力. 2 ~ (to sth) not affected by sth; not susceptible to sth 不受某事物影响; 不易感受某事物: * immune to criticism, abuse, opposition, etc 不为批评、 漫骂、 反对等所动摇. 3 ~ (from sth) protected or exempt from sth （对某事物）免除, 豁免: * immune from additional taxes 免纳附加税 * immune from prosecution 免予起诉. 派生： immunity/i'mju:nEti; i'mjunEti] n [U] 1 ~ (to/against sth) ability to resist infection, disease, etc 免疫力: * immunity to measles 对麻疹的免疫力 * This vaccine will give you immunity for two years. 接种这种疫苗可有两年的免疫力. 2 ~ (to sth) ability to be unaffected by sth 不受某事物影响的能力: * immunity to criticism 不受批评的影响. 3 ~ (from sth) ability to be protected or exempt from sth 受保护; 免除; 豁免: * immunity from prosecution 免予起诉 * diplomatic immunity 外交豁免权. immunize, -ise[5imjunaiz; 5imju7naiz] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (against sth) make sb immune (to a disease or infection), esp by injecting him with a vaccine 使某人免疫（尤指通过注射疫苗）: * Have you been immunized (against smallpox) yet? 你接种过（抗天花）疫苗没有? Cf 参看 inoculate, vaccinate. immunization, -isation[7imjunai'zeiFn; - -ni'z-; 7imjunE'zeFEn] n [U, C]: * government plans for (a) mass immunization against measles 政府的大规模麻疹免疫注射计画. immunology[7imju'nClEdVi; 7imju'nalEdVi] n [U] scientific study of protection against and resistance to infection 免疫学.

immure
[i'mjuE(r); i'mjur] v [Tn] (fml 文) imprison (sb); shut in 监禁（某人）; 禁闭: * immured in a cold dungeon 监禁在冰冷的地牢中 * He immured himself in a small room to work undisturbed. 他自己关在小屋里埋头工作, 以免受到骚扰.

immutable
[i'mju:tEbl; i'mjutEbl] adj (fml 文) that cannot be changed; that will never change 不可改变的; 永恒不变的: * an immutable decision 不可更易的决定 * immutable principles/laws 永恒不变的原则[规律]. > immutability/i7mju:tE'bilEti; i7mjutE'bilEti] n [U]. immutably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv.

imp
[imp; imp] n 1 small devil or evil spirit 小魔鬼; 小恶魔. 2 mischievous child 顽童; 小淘气: * What a little imp you are! 你这个淘气包!

impact
[5impAkt; 5impAkt] n 1 [U] (a) hitting of one object against another 撞击; 冲击; 碰撞: * the impact of a collision 碰撞时的冲击 * The bomb exploded on impact, ie at the moment of collision. 炸弹在撞击时立即爆炸. (b) force with which one object hits another 撞击力; 冲击力: * He collapsed under the full impact of the blow. 他受到重击而倒下. 2 [C usu sing 通常作单数] ~ (on/ upon sb/sth) strong impression or effect on sb/sth 对某人[某事物]的强烈的印象或巨大的影响: Her speech made a tremendous impact on everyone. 她的演说对大家震动很大. * the impact of new methods, technology, etc on modern industry 新方法、 新技术等对现代工业的巨大影响. 派生： impact/im'pAkt; im'pAkt] v 1 [I, Tn] press, drive or wedge (sth) firmly into sth; press, etc (two things) together 将（某物）压入或插入另一物; （将两物）挤、 压、 塞...到一起. 2 [Ipr, Tn] ~ (on) sth (esp US) have an effect on sth 对某事物有影响. impacted adj (of a tooth) wedged in the jaw so that it cannot growthrough the gum normally （指牙齿）阻生的: * an impactedwisdom tooth 阻生智齿.

impair
[im'peE(r); im'per] v [Tn] weaken or damage (sth) 削弱或损害（某事物）: * Loud noise can impair your hearing. 巨大的噪音有损听觉. * Today's attack has seriously impaired attempts to achieve peace in the area. 今日发动的攻击严重损害了在该地区谋求和平的努力. * impaired vision 受损的视力. > impairment n [U].

impala
[im'pa:lE; im'palE] n (pl unchanged or ~s 复数或不变或作impalas) type of African antelope 黑斑羚（产於非洲）.

impale
[im'peil; im'pel] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (on sth) pierce sb/sth with a sharp-pointed object 用尖物刺（某人[某物]）: * In former times, prisoners' heads were impaled on pointed stakes. 从前的人把监犯的头钉在尖桩上. > impalement n [U].

impalpable
[im'pAlpEbl; im'pAlpEbl] adj (fml 文) 1 that cannot be touched or felt physically 触摸不着的; 感觉不到的: * impalpable darkness, horror, fear 无形的黑暗、 恐怖、 害怕. 2 not easily understood or grasped by the mind 难以理解的; 不易意会的.

impanel
= empanel.

impart
[im'pa:t; im'part] v (fml 文) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sth) give (a quality) to sth 将（某性质）给予或赋予某事物: * Her presence imparted an air of elegance (to the ceremony). 她一出席（给仪式）增添了高雅的气氛. * impart spin to a cricket ball 使板球增加旋转力. 2 [Tn, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) make known (information) to sb; reveal sth 将（情况）通知或告知某人; 透露某事物: * I have no news to impart (to you). 我没有消息可告诉你.

impartial
[im'pa:Fl; im'parFEl] adj not favouring one person or thing more than another; fair or neutral 不偏不倚的; 公正的; 中立的: * an impartial judge, judgement公正的法官[判决]. Cf 参看 partial 2. > impartiality/,Im,pB:FI 5lEtI; 9ImpBrFI`AlEtI/ n [U]: * They showed completeimpartiality in discussing these sensitive issues. 在讨论这些敏感的问题时, 他们完全不偏不倚. impartially[-FElI; -FElI/ adv: * treat prisoners impartially 公正地对待犯人.

impassable
[im'pa:sEbl; - -'pAs-; im'pAsEbl] adj (of a road, route, etc) impossible to travel on or over （指道路、 路线等）不能通行的, 不能超越的: * country lanes that are often impassable in winter 在冬天经常不能通行的乡间小路 * roads made impassable by fallen trees 因有倒伏的树木而不能通行的道路.

impasse
[5Ampa:s; - 'impAs; 5impAs] n difficult position or situation from which there is no way out; deadlock 绝境; 僵局; 停顿: * The negotiations had reached an impasse, with both sides refusing to compromise. 由於双方都不肯妥协, 谈判陷入僵局.

impassioned
[im'pAFnd; im'pAFEnd] adj showingstrong deep feeling 充满激情的; 热烈的: * an impassionedplea for mercy 希望获得宽恕的热切恳求.

impassive
[im'pAsiv; im'pAsiv] adj showing no sign of feeling 无动於衷的; 无表情的; 不动声色的: * an impassive expression 冷漠的表情. > impassively adv: * The accused sat impassively as the judge sentenced him to ten years in prison. 法官宣布对被告判以十年徒刑, 被告木木然坐着毫无反应. impassiveness, impassivity/ 9Imp5sIvEtI; 9ImpA`sIvEtI/ ns [U].

impatient
[im'peiFnt; im'peFEnt] adj 1 (a) ~ (at sth/with sb) unable to deal calmly with sth/sb or to wait for sth; easily irritated by sb/sth; not patient 不耐烦的; 无耐性的: * Don't be so impatient! The bus will be here soon. 别那麽不耐烦! 公共汽车马上就来了. * You're too impatient with her; she's only a child. 你对她太缺乏耐心, 她只不过是个孩子. (b) showing a lack of patience 表示不耐烦的; 焦躁的: * another impatient glance at his watch 又一次不耐烦地看了看他的手表. 2 [pred 作表语] ~ (to do sth); ~ (for sth) very eager to do sth or for sth to happen; anxious 热切（要做某事或期待某事）: * Many graduates are impatient to become managers. 很多人毕了业就迫不及待想当经理. * impatient for the summer holidays to come 热切盼望暑假到来. 3 [pred 作表语] ~ of sth (fml 文) intolerant of sth 对某事物不能忍受:impatient of delay 对耽搁时间不能容忍. > impatience/ Im5peIFns; Im`peFEns/ n [U]: * the government's growing impatience with the unions 政府对工会的容忍已逐渐接近极限. impatiently adv: * We sat waiting impatiently for the film to start. 我们乾坐着, 焦躁地等着电影开场.

impeach
[im'pi:tF; im'pitF] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (forsth) accuse (a public official or politician) of committing a serious crime, esp one against the State 控告（公职人员或政治家）犯罪（尤指有害国家的）; 弹劾: * The committeedecided to impeach the President. 委员会决定弹劾总统. * impeach a judge for taking bribes 控告法官受贿. 2 [Tn] (fml 文) raise doubts about (sth); question 对（某事物）怀疑; 提出异议: * impeach sb's motives 怀疑某人的动机. 派生： impeachable adj (of a crime) for which a public official or politician can be impeached （指罪行）可提出控告或弹劾的: an impeachable offence 可弹劾的过失. impeachment n [U].

impeccable
[im'pekEbl; im'pekEbl] adj free from mistakes; excellent or faultless 无错误的; 极好的; 无瑕疵的: * Your English is impeccable! 你的英语十分好! * impeccable behaviour, manners, style, etc 完美的品行、 礼貌、 风格等. > impeccably[-bli; -bli] adv: * He was impeccably dressed for the occasion. 他的穿着在那种场合非常得体.

impecunious
[7impi'kju:niEs; 7impi'kjuniEs] adj (fml 文) having little or no money 一贫如洗的; 不名一文的.> impecuniously adv. impecuniousness n [U].

impedance
[im'pi:dEns; im'pidns] n [U] resistance of an electric circuit to the flow of alternating current 阻抗.

impede
[im'pi:d; im'pid] v [Tn] hinder or obstruct the progress or movement of (sb/sth) 阻碍, 妨碍, 阻止（某人[某事物]）: * The development of the project was seriouslyimpeded by a reduction in funds. 由於基金削减工程进度严重受阻.

impediment
[im'pedimEnt; im'pedEmEnt] n 1 ~ (to sb/sth) person or thing that hinders or obstructs the progress or movement of sth 妨碍、 阻碍某事物进展或活动的人或物: * The main impediment to growth was a lack of capital. 影响发展的主要障碍是缺乏资本. 2 physical disability of a specified type; defect 身体上的某类残疾; 缺陷: * a speech impediment, eg a lisp or a stammer 言语障碍（如口齿不清或口吃）.

impedimenta
[im7pedi'mentE; 7impedE'mentE] n [pl] (fml or joc 文或谑) baggage and other supplies that slow down an army on a long journey 妨碍军队长途行进的行李、 装备等重负: * He came with his wife, six children, four dogs and various other impedimenta. 他来时携妻子、 六个孩子、 四条狗以及各式各样的累赘什物.

impel
[im'pel; im'pel] v (-ll-) [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.t] ~ sb (to sth) force or urge sb to do sth 推动、 推进、 驱策或敦促某人做某事物: * Impelled by feelings of guilt, John wrote to apologize. 约翰有感愧疚, 於是写信道歉. * The President's speech impelled the nation to greater efforts. 总统的讲话激励国民更加努力. * I felt impelled to investigate the matter further. 我觉得自己有责任对事情作进一步调查. Cf 参看 compel.

impending
[im'pendiN; im'pendiN] adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] about to happen; imminent 即将发生的; 迫在眉睫的; 行将到来的: * his impending arrival, departure, retirement, visit, etc 他即将到达、 离去、 退休、 出访等.

impenetrable
[im'penitrEbl; im'penEtrEbl] adj 1 ~ (to sth) that cannot be entered, passed through, etc 不能通过的; 不可穿越的; 透不过的: * an impenetrable jungle, swamp, fortress, etc 无法通过的丛林、 无法经过的沼泽、 不可逾越的要塞 * impenetrable darkness, fog, etc, ie that cannot be seen through 一片漆黑、 浓雾重锁 * (fig 比喻) his impenetrable ignorance 无法启迪的愚昧. 2 impossible to understand or solve 不可理解的; 无法解决的: * an impenetrable difficulty, mystery, problem, etc 无可克服的困难、 难解之谜、 百思莫解的问题 * This history book is completely impenetrable to me. 这本历史书我完全看不懂. > impenetrability/im7penitrE'bilEti; im7penEtrE'bilEti] n [U]. impenetrably[-bli;-bli] adv.

impenitent
[im'penitEnt; im'penEtEnt] adj (fml 文) not sorry for or ashamed of one's misdoings; not penitent不知悔悟的; 不觉羞耻的. > impenitence[-Ens; -Ens] n [U]. impenitently adv.

imperative
[im'perEtiv; im'perEtiv] adj 1 [usu pred通常作表语] very urgent or important; needing immediateattention 紧急; 重要; 需要立即处理: * It is imperative that we make a quick decision. 我们要尽快做出决定. 2 expressing a command; authoritative 命令式的; 必须服从的; 专断的; 权威的: * an imperative tone of voice that had to be obeyed 必须服从的命令腔调. 3 (grammar) of the verb form that expresses a command 祈使的: * `Go!’ is in the imperative mood. `Go!'是祈使语气的句子. Cf 参看 indicative, infinitive, subjunctive. 派生： imperative n 1 (grammar) (verb in the) mood2 that expresses a command 祈使语气（的动词）: In `Go away!’ the verb is in the imperative. 在`Go away!'中用的是祈使语气的动词. * `Go!’ is an imperative. `Go!'是祈使语气的动词. 2 thing that is essential or urgent 必要的事; 紧急的事; 必须履行的责任; 需要; 必要性: Survival is our first imperative. 我们当务之急是设法生存下来. * a moral imperative 道德上的责任. imperatively adv.

imperceptible
[7impE'septEbl; 7impl'septEbl] adj that cannot be noticed or felt because so small, slight or gradual （因细小、 轻微、 渐变）觉察不出的, 感觉不到的, 些微的: * an imperceptible change in temperature 温度的难以察觉的变化 * an almost imperceptible shift of opinion 几乎觉察不到的意见上的改变. > imperceptibly[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv: * Almost imperceptibly her expression changed. 她的表情有些变化, 但轻微得几乎觉察不到.

imperfect
[im'pE:fikt; im'pEfikt] adj 1 faulty or defective; not perfect 有缺点的; 有瑕疵的; 残缺的; 不完美的: * an imperfect copy 残本 * imperfect knowledge, understanding, etc of sth 对某事物的不完备的知识、 不透彻的理解等. 2 [attrib 作定语] (grammar) of the verb tense that expresses incomplete action in the past (more usually called continuous or progressive) 动词的过去未完成时态（通常多称过去进行时态）: * the imperfect tenses in French 法语的过去未完成时态. 派生： imperfect n the imperfect [sing] (grammar) (verb in the) tense that expresses incomplete action in the past; continuous aspect （表示过去未完成行为的）过去未完成时态（的动词）; 进行体: `I was speaking' is in the imperfect. `I was speaking'是过去未完成时态. imperfection[7impE'fekFn; 7impl'fekFEn] n 1 [U] being imperfect 不完美: * My father never tolerated imperfection. 我父亲要求一切事情非尽善尽美不可. 2 [C] fault or defect that makes sb/sth imperfect; blemish 缺点; 瑕疵: * The only slight imperfection in this painting is a scratch in the corner. 这幅画唯一的小疵是在角落里有一道划痕. * the house's structural imperfections 房子结构上的缺陷. imperfectly adv.

imperial
[im'piEriEl; im'piriEl] adj 1 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (a) of an empire or its ruler(s) 帝国的; 帝王的; 皇帝的: * the imperial palace, guards, servants 皇宫、 皇家卫士、 皇帝的侍从 * imperial power, trade 皇权、 帝国的贸易. (b) like or characteristic of such rulers; majestic 至高无上的; 帝王般的; 威严的: * with imperial generosity 宽宏大量地. 2 [attrib 作定语] belonging to a legal non-metric system of weights and measures formerly used in the United Kingdom for all goods and still used for certain goods 英制的（非公制的度量衡制, 旧时用於所有物品, 现仍用於某些物品）: * an imperial pint, gallon, pound, etc 英制品脱、 加仑、 磅等. > imperially[-rIElI; -rIElI/ adv.

imperialism
[im'piEriElizEm; im'piriEl7izEm] n [U](usu derog 通常作贬义) (belief in the) policy of extendinga country's power and influence in the world throughdiplomacy or military force, and esp by acquiring colonies帝国主义; 帝国主义政策. 派生： imperialist/im'piEriElist; im'piriElist] n (usuderog 通常作贬义) person who supports or believes in imperialism 帝国主义者: * [attrib 作定语] imperialist policies 帝国主义政策. imperialistic/im7piEriE'listik; im7piriEl'istik] adj.

imperil
[im'perEl; im'perEl] v (-ll-; US also -l-) [Tn] (fml 文) put (sb/sth) in danger; endanger 使（某人[某事物]）陷於危险; 危及: * The security of the country had been imperilled. 国家安全处於危险之中.

imperious
[im'piEriEs; im'piriEs] adj (fml 文) proud and arrogant; domineering; expecting obedience 傲慢的; 飞扬跋扈的; 专横的: * an imperious look, command, gesture 飞扬跋扈的样子、 专横的命令、 傲慢的姿势. >imperiously adv: * The envoys were dismissed imperiously.傲慢地令各国使者散去. imperiousness n [U].

imperishable
[im'periFEbl; im'periFEbl] adj (fml 文) that will not decay; that will never disappear 不腐烂的; 不灭的: * imperishable goods 不腐烂的商品 * (fig 比喻) imperishable glory 不朽的光荣.

impermanent
[im'pE:mEnEnt; im'pEmEnEnt] adj (fml 文) not permanent; temporary 非永久的; 暂时的. > impermanence[-Ens; -Ens] n [U].

impermeable
[im'pE:miEbl; im'pEmiEbl] adj (of a substance) not allowing a liquid to pass through （指物质）不容液体渗透的, 不透水的: * an impermeable membrane 不渗透的膜. Cf 参看 permeable (permeate).

impermissible
[7impE'misEbl; 7impl'misEbl] adj (fml 文) not allowed or permitted 不允许的; 不许可的.

impersonal
[im'pE:sEnl; im'pEsnl] adj 1 (usu derog 通常作贬义) not influenced by, showing or involving human feelings 不受个人情感影响的; 冷淡的; 没有人情味的; 不牵涉个人感情的: * a vast impersonal organization庞大而无人情味的组织 * a cold impersonal stare 冷冷的凝视 * Giving people time to get to know one another will make the meeting less impersonal. 让大家有时间互相了解一下, 会议的气氛就能亲切些. 2 (usu approv 通常作褒义) not referring to any particular person; objective 非特指某一个人的; 客观的: * an impersonal discussion 客观的讨论. > impersonally[-sEnEli;-snEli] adv.

impersonate
[im'pE:sEneit; im'pEsn7et] v [Tn] 1 pretend to be (another person) in order to entertain others 扮演, 饰演（他人）: * He can impersonate many well-known politicians. 他能饰演许多着名政治家的角色. 2 imitate the behaviour of (another person) in order to deceive others 模仿, 假冒（他人）（藉以行骗）: * He was caught trying to impersonate a military officer. 他企图冒充军官, 但当场被抓获. 派生： impersonation/im7pE:sE'neiFn; 7impEsn'eFEn] n [C, U]: * He does some brilliant impersonations of the president. 他扮演总统有些地方十分出色. impersonator n person who impersonates other people （模仿他人的）演员; 扮演他人的人; 假冒他人的人: a famous female impersonator, ie a man who impersonates women on the stage 着名的男扮女装的演员.

impertinent
[im'pE:tinEnt; im'pEtnEnt] adj ~ (to sb) not respectful; rude 不礼貌的; 粗鲁的; 不敬的: * impertinent remarks 粗鲁的言语 * an impertinent child 没有礼貌的孩子 * It would be impertinent to suggest that he was always wrong. 说他从无是处未免不够礼貌. > impertinence[-Ens; -Ens] n [C usu sing, U 作可数名词时通常作单数, 亦作不可数名词]: * I've had enough of your impertinence. 你太没礼貌, 我已经受够了. impertinently adv.

imperturbable
[7impE'tE:bEbl; 7impl'tEbEbl] adj not easily troubled or worried; calm 不易受搅扰的; 不易发愁的; 冷静的: * She was one of those imperturbable people who never get angry or upset. 她是那种从不生气也不烦恼的人. > imperturbability[7impE7tE:bE'bilEti;7impl7tEbE'bilEti] n [U]. imperturbably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv.

impervious
[im'pE:viEs; im'pEviEs] adj ~ (to sth) 1 not allowing water, gas, etc to pass through 不容液体、 气体等透过的; 不能渗透的: * This material is impervious to rain-water. 这种材料防雨. 2 not affected or influenced by sth 不受某事物影响的; 无动於衷的: * impervious to criticism, argument, fear 对批评我行我素的、 对争论不闻不问的、 将恐惧置之度外的.

impetigo
[7impi'taigEu; 7impi'taigo] n [U] type of contagious skin disease that causes crusty yellow sores 脓秙病（一种传染性皮肤病）.

impetuous
[im'petFuEs; im'petFuEs] adj acting or done quickly and with little thought or care; rash or impulsive 轻率的; 鲁莽的; 冲动的: * an impetuous young man 易冲动的年轻人 * impetuous behaviour 鲁莽的行为 * It would be foolish and impetuous to resign over such a small matter. 为这样的小事辞职未免愚蠢而轻率了. > impetuosity/im7petFu'CsEti; 7impetFu'asEti] n [U]. impetuously adv.

impetus
[5impitEs; 5impEtEs] n 1 [U, sing] ~ (to sth/to do sth) thing that encourages a process to develop more quickly 推动; 刺激; 促进: * The treaty gave (a) fresh impetus to trade. 这条约使双方的贸易又推进了一步. 2 [U] force with which sth moves 推动力.

impiety
[im'paiEti; im'paiEti] n (a) [U] lack of respect, esp for God and religion 不敬, 不恭（尤指对上帝和宗教）. (b) [C usu pl 通常作复数] act, remark, etc showing a lack of such respect 不敬的行为、 言论等（尤指对上帝和宗教）.

impinge
[im'pindV; im'pindV] v [Ipr] ~ on/upon sth (fml 文) have an effect on sth 对某事物起作用或有影响: * In his sleepy state, the sound of a car driving up to the house scarcely impinged on his consciousness. 他困得那副样子, 连汽车朝那房子开去时发出的声音都没能使他清醒.

impious
[5impiEs; 5impiEs] adj (fml 文) showing a lack of respect, esp for God and religion; not pious 不敬的, 不恭的（尤指对上帝和宗教）. > impiously adv.

impish
[5impiF; 5impiF] adj of or like an imp; mischievous（似）顽童的; 顽皮的; 恶作剧的. > impishly adv. impishness n [U].

implacable
[im'plAkEbl; im'plAkEbl] adj that cannot be changed or satisfied 不能变动的; 无法平息或安抚的: * implacable hatred, fury, opposition 无法消解的仇恨、 愤怒、 对立 * an implacable enemy, rival, etc 势不两立的敌人、 竞争对手等. > implacably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv: * implacably opposed to the plan 坚决反对该计画.

implant
[im'pla:nt; - -'plAnt; im'plAnt] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in sth) 1 deliberately introduce or fix (ideas, etc) into a person's mind 灌输, 注入（思想等）: * implant religious beliefs in young children 向青少年灌输宗教信仰. 2 insert (tissue, etc) into a part of the body 在身体某部植入、 埋置、 嵌入（组织等）; 移植: * In this operation the surgeons implant a new lens (in the eye). 医生在这次手术中给病人（眼球）植入了新的水晶体. 派生： implant[5impla:nt; - -plAnt; 5im7plAnt] n [C] thing that has been implanted in the body （植入身体中的）移植物. implantation[7impla:n'teiFn; - -plAnt-; 7implAn'teFEn] n [U].

implausible
[im'plC:zEbl; im'plCzEbl] adj unlikely to be true; not convincing 不像真实的; 难以置信的; 说服不了人的: * an implausible story, excuse, theory, etc 不像真实的故事、 不可信的藉口、 悖於情理的说法. Cf 参看 plausible.

implement
1[5implimEnt; 5implEmEnt] n tool or instrument 工具; 器具: * farm implements 农具 * Man's earliest implements were carved from stone and bone. 人类最早的工具是用石头和骨头制成的. =>Usage at machine 用法见machine.

implicate
[5implikeit; 5impli7ket] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (in sth) show that sb is involved in sth, esp a crime 显示某人牵连於某事（尤指罪行）; 涉及: * His enemies tried to implicate him (in the murder). 他的仇人竭力想把他牵扯进谋杀案中. * He was deeply implicated (ie involved) in the plot. 他与该阴谋牵涉颇深.

implication
[7impli'keiFn; 7impli'keFEn] n 1 [C, U] ~ (for sb/sth) thing that is suggested or implied; thingnot openly stated 含意; 暗示; 暗指: * Study the implications of the president's statement. 研究总统声明的含义. * The new report has far-reaching implications for the future of broadcasting. 这一新报告对广播业的前途有些意味深长的暗示. * Failure to say `No' may, by implication, be taken to mean `Yes'. 没表示否定, 其含义可能理解为是肯定的. 2 [U] involving or being involved, esp in a crime 卷入, 牵连（尤指於罪行中）: * The trial resulted in the implication of several major figures in the organization. 审讯结果表明这个组织中几个主要人物都牵连在案.

implicit
[im'plisit; im'plisit] adj 1 ~ (in sth) implied, but not expressed directly; not explicit 含蓄的; 不直接表明的; 不明确的: * implicit assumptions 含蓄的假定 * an implicit threat 暗示的恫吓 * obligations which are implicit in the contract 合同中未直接载明的责任. 2 unquestioning and absolute 无疑问的; 绝对的: * I have implicit faith in your abilities. 我完全相信你的能力. > implicitly adv: * trust sb implicitly 绝对信任某人.

implode
[im'plEud; im'plod] v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) burst or collapse inwards （使某事物）向心聚爆, 内爆: * The light bulb imploded. 这灯泡是向内侧爆裂的. Cf 参看 explode 1. > implosion/im'plEuVn; im'ploVEn] n [C, U].

implore
[im'plC:(r); im'plCr] v [Tn, Dn.t] ask or beg (sb) earnestly; beseech 恳求或乞求（某人）; 哀求: * `Help me,’ he implored. ‘救救我吧,’他哀求道. * implore sb's forgiveness, mercy, etc 乞求某人原谅、 宽恕等 * They implored her to stay. 他们恳求她留下. =>Usage at ask用法见ask. > imploring adj: * She gave him an imploring look. 她以哀求的眼神看着他. imploringly adv.

imply
[im'plai; im'plai] v (pt, pp implied) 1 [Tn, Tf] suggest (sth) indirectly rather than state it directly; hint 含有...的意思; 暗示; 暗指: * His silence implied agreement. 他沉默不语意味着同意了. * implied criticism 暗含的批评 * I don't wish to imply that you are wrong. 我无意暗示你错了. 2 [Tn] suggest (sth) as a logical consequence; entail 必然包含（某事物）; 使（某事物）必然产生或有必要: * Freedom does not necessarily imply responsibility. 自由不一定包含着责任. * The fact she was here implies a degree of interest. 她当时在场, 这一事实就意味着她有一定程度的兴趣. Cf 参看 infer.

impolite
[7impE'lait; 7impE'lait] adj rude; not polite 粗鲁的; 不礼貌的: * Some people still think it is impolite for men not to stand up when a woman comes into the room. 有些人仍然认为妇女进屋时男子不起立是有失礼貌的. > impolitely adv. impoliteness n [U].

impolitic
[im'pClEtik; im'palEtik] adj (fml 文) not wise; not politic 不明智的; 不当的; 失策的: * It might be impolitic to refuse his offer. 谢绝他的好意未免失策.

imponderable
[im'pCndErEbl; im'pandErEbl] adj of which the effect or importance cannot be measured or estimated （作用或重要性）无法衡量的, 无法估计的. 派生： imponderable n (usu pl 通常作复数) thing, eg a quality or an emotion, that is imponderable 无法估量的事物（如性质或感情）: the great imponderables of love and power 爱情与权力, 极难衡量的事物.

import
1[im'pC:t; im'pCrt] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from...);~ sth (into...) bring (goods, ideas, etc) from a foreign country into one's own country 进口, 输入, 引进（货物、 思想等）: * The country has to import most of its raw materials. 这个国家原料大部分靠进口. * cars imported from Japan 从日本进口的汽车 * meat imported (into the United Kingdom) 进口（到英国）的肉 * the latest pop music imported from America 从美国传入的最新流行乐曲. Cf 参看 export2. 派生： importation[7impC:'teiFn; 7impCr'teFEn] n [U, C]: * a ban on the importation of drugs 禁止毒品进口的法令. importer n person, company, etc that imports goods or services 从事进口商品或服务的人或公司: the country's largest importer of tobacco 全国最大的烟草进口商.

important
[im'pC:tnt; im'pCrtnt] adj 1 ~ (to sb/sth) very serious and significant; of great value or concern 重要的; 重大的; 非常有价值的: * an important decision, announcement, meeting 重要的决定、 宣布、 会议 * It is vitally important to cancel the order immediately. 最重要的是要立即取消这一定单. * It is important that students (should) attend/for students to attend all the lectures. 所有的课学生都应该去听, 这是很重要的. * They need more money now but, more important, they need long-term help. 目前他们需要更多的钱, 不过更重要的是他们需要长期的援助. * It's important to me that you should be there. 你应该在场, 这对我来说很重要. 2 (of a person) having great influence or authority; influential （指人）有很大影响或权威的: * She was clearly an important person. 她显然是个有影响的人. * It's not as if he was very important in the company hierarchy. 他在公司的领导层中似乎无多大权力. 派生： importance[-tns; -tns] n 1 [U] ~ (to sb/sth) being important; significance or value 重要性; 重大; 有价值: * the importance of industry to the economy 工业对经济的重要性 * They attached very great importance to the project, ie They considered it to be very important. 他们对这项目极为重视. * a matter of the utmost political importance 有重大政治意义的事情 * These issues now assume even greater importance. 这些问题现在就显得更加重要了. 2 (idm 习语) full of one's own importance => full. importantly adv: strut about importantly 神气十足地昂首阔步 * More importantly, can he be depended on? 更重要的是, 可以依靠他吗?

importunate
[im'pC:tFunEt; im'pCrtFEnEt] adj (fml 文) persistent, esp in making requests or demands 坚持的（尤指提出请求或要求时）: * an importunate beggar 缠着讨要的乞丐. > importunately adv. importunity/ 9ImpR:5tju:nEtI; 9ImpL`tjunEtI/ n [U, C esp pl 作不可数名词或可数名词, 後者尤作复数]: * irritated by his constant importunities 被他没完没了的强求所激怒.

importune
[7impC:'tju:n; 7impCr'tjun] v (fml 文) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.t] ~ sb (for sth) ask sb persistently (for sth), usu in an annoying manner; beg or demand insistently 一再向某人要求（某事物）（尤指令人厌烦）: * importune one's creditors for an extension of the borrowing period/to extend the borrowing period 再叁乞求债权人延长借贷期限. 2 [I, Tn] (of a prostitute) attempt to attract (clients) （指妓女或男妓）拉（客）: * arrested for importuning 因拉客被捕.

impose
[im'pEuz; im'poz] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (on sb/sth) (a) place (a penalty, tax, etc) officially on sb/sth 加（惩罚等）於某人; 对某物课（税）: * impose a fine, sentence, term of imprisonment, etc 罚款、 判处刑期、 予以监禁 * impose a further tax on wines and spirits 对果酒及烈性酒进一步加税. (b) place (sth unwelcome or unpleasant) on sb/sth; inflict sth 将（不愉快的、 不受欢迎的事物）强加於某人[某事物]: * impose one's rule (on a people) 将统治强加（於一民族） * impose restrictions, limitations, restraints, etc (on trade) （对贸易）强行管制、 限制、 约束等. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (on sb) try to make sb accept (an opinion or a belief); inflict sth 使某人接受（意见或信仰）; 将某事物强加於: * She imposed her ideas on the group. 她竭力把自己的想法强加於全组的人. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ oneself/sth (on sb) force sb to accept (oneself, one's company, etc) 强迫某人接纳（自己等）; 硬要与某人在一起: * She'd never think of imposing herself. 她决不想勉强别人接纳自己. * He imposed his presence on us for the weekend. 他硬要跟我们一起过周末. 4 (phr v) impose on/upon sb/sth win a favour from sb, esp by using undue pressure 赢得某人的欢心, 占某人便宜（尤指施加不当的压力）: * I hope it's not imposing on you/your hospitality, but could I stay to dinner? 我可以在您这儿吃顿饭吗? 不过希望不要使您为难[觉得我不知趣]. 派生： imposing adj impressive in appearance or manner; grand （外表或举止）壮观的; 令人印象深刻的: an imposing facade, building, person, personality 宏伟的外观、 雄伟的建 、 威严的人、 突出的个性. imposingly adv. imposition[7impE'ziFn; 7impE'ziFEn] n ~ (on sb/sth) 1 [U] action of imposing 强加; （税等的）徵收; （惩罚等的）施加: * The imposition of the tax on books caused a sharp rise in price. 对书籍课税造成书价急剧上涨. 2 [C] unfair or unpleasant thing that sb is obliged to accept 被迫接受的不公正、 不愉快的事物:

impose1
* I'd like to stay if it's not too much of an imposition(on you). 要是不致（给你）添太多的麻烦的话, 我倒是愿意留下.

impossible
[im'pCsEbl; im'pasEbl] adj 1 that cannot be done or exist; not possible 不可能做到或存在的; 不可能的: * It's impossible for me to be there before 8.00p.m. 要我晚上8点之前赶到那儿是根本办不到的. * It is virtually impossible to predict the future accurately. 精确预言未来的事实际上是办不到的. * an almost impossible task 几乎无法完成的任务 * It's an impossible story, ie it cannot be believed. 这不可能是真事. 2 very difficult to bear; hopeless 难以忍受的; 无希望的: * an impossible situation 绝境 * Their son is impossible, eg He is very badly behaved. 他们的儿子无可救药（他品行极坏）. 派生： impossibility/im7pCsE'bilEti; 7impCsE'bilEti] n [U, C]: * the impossibility of any improvement 无改进之可能 * a logical impossibility 逻辑上不可能的事. the impossible n [sing] thing that cannot be achieved 不可能做到的事情: ask for, want, attempt, do the impossible 要求、 想要、 尽力做、 做不可能办到的事物. impossibly[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv: * impossibly difficult 极其困难.

impostor
[im'pCstE(r); im'pastl] n person pretending to be sb else, usu in order to deceive others 冒名顶替的人（通常为行骗）.

imposture
[im'pCstFE(r); im'pastFl] n [C, U] (fml 文) (action of) deliberately deceiving by pretending to be sb else 冒名顶替（行骗）.

impotent
[5impEtEnt; 5impEtEnt] adj 1 [usu pred 通常作表语] unable to take effective action; powerless or helpless 不能采取有效行动; 无能为力: * Without the chairman's support, the committee is impotent. 没有主席的支持, 委员会是无能为力的. 2 (of men) unable to have sexual intercourse or reach an orgasm （指男子）阳痿的, 不能性交的, 不能达到性高潮的. 派生： impotence[-Ens; -Ens] n [U] being impotent 无能为力; 阳痿: * political impotence 政治上的无能 * fear of impotence 对阳痿的恐惧. impotently adv.

impound
[im'paund; im'paund] v [Tn] 1 take legal possession of (sth) 依法没收, 扣押（某物）: * impound goods, property, belongings, etc 扣留货物、 财产、 财物等. 2 put (an illegally parked car or a stray animal) in a pound(2) until it is claimed 将（违章停放的汽车或走失的动物）暂存待领.

impoverish
[im'pCvEriF; im'pavEriF] v [Tn] 1 make (sb) poor 使（某人）贫困: * an elderly impoverished writer 穷困的老作家. 2 make (sth) poorer or worse in quality 使（某物）贫瘠或恶化: * Heavy rain and excessive use have impoverished the soil. 这土地因遭暴雨侵蚀及使用过度已贫瘠不堪. * Our lives would have been greatly impoverished if we had not known our dear friend. 若不是得识我们这位好朋友, 我们的生活一定十分不妙. > impoverishment n [U].

impracticable
[im'prAktikEbl; im'prAktikEbl] adj impossible to put into practice; not practicable 不能实行的: * an impracticable scheme 行不通的计画. > impracticability/im7prAktikE'bilEti; 7imprAktikE'bilEti] n [U]. impracticably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv.

impractical
[im'prAktikl; im'prAktikl] adj 1 not sensible, useful or realistic 不切实际的; 无用的; 不现实的: * It was impractical to think that we could build the house in one month. 以为我们用一个月的时间就能把房子盖好, 这种想法不切合实际. 2 not skilled at doingpractical work 不善做实际工作的: * an academically cleverbut totally impractical young man 学有专长但毫无实际工作能力的年轻男子. > impracticality/im7prkti'klEti; im7prAkti'kAlEti] n [U, C]. impractically[-klI; -klI/ adv.

imprecation
[7impri5keiFn; 7impri5keFEn] n (fml 文) oath or curse 起誓; 诅咒: * mutter imprecations 低声诅咒.

imprecise
[7impri5sais; 7impri5sais] adj not exact or accurate; not correctly or clearly stated; not precise 不精 确的; 不确切的; 不明确的; 不准确的: * imprecise thoughts,statements, measurements 含混的想法、 不确切的说法、 不精确的量度. > imprecisely adv. imprecision/ 9ImprI5sIVn; 9ImprI`sIVEn/ n [U]: * imprecision in his use of legal terms 他在法律术语的使用上之不确.

impregnable
[im'pregnEbl; im'pregnEbl] adj (a) so strong and well-constructed that it cannot be entered orcaptured 坚固得不能进入或无法占领的: * an impregnable fortress 坚不可摧的要塞. (b) (fig 比喻) so strong that it cannot be overcome or broken down 无法征服的; 压不倒摧不垮的: * impregnable arguments, defences, reserve 驳不倒的论点、 有理有据的辩护、 无法改变的拘谨. > impregnability/im7pregnE'bilEti; 7impregnE'bilEti] n [U]. impregnably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv.

impregnate
[5impregneit; - im'preg-; im'pregnet] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) (a) cause (one substance) to be filled in every part with another substance; saturate sth 使（一物质）中充满另一物质; 使某物浸透或饱和: * water impregnated with salt 饱和的盐水. (b) cause sth to be affected or influenced in every part by sth 使某事物的各方面受他事物的作用或影响: * The drawing is impregnated with the artist's personality. 这幅画充分体现了作者的个性. 2 [Tn] (fml 文) fertilize (an egg or ovum) with sperm or pollen; make pregnant 使（卵）受精; 使怀孕; 使妊娠.

impresario
[7impri5sa:riEu; 7impri5sari7o] n manager or director of a ballet, concert, theatre or opera company （芭蕾舞剧团、 音乐会、 剧院或歌剧团的）经理或指挥.

impress
[im'pres; im'pres] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (with sth) have a favourable effect on sb; make sb feel admiration and respect 给予某人深刻印象; 使某人钦佩而起敬: * The sights of the city never fail to impress foreign tourists. 外国游客无一不对该市留有深刻印象. * The girl impressed her fiance's family with her liveliness and sense of humour. 姑娘又活泼又富幽默感, 未婚夫家人十分喜欢她. * We were most impressed with/by your efficiency. 你的工作效率很高, 我们极为钦佩. 2 [Tn.pr] ~ sth on/upon sb fix sth in sb's mind; make sb keenly aware of sth 使某人铭记某事物; 使某人深深意识到某事物: * His words impressed themselves on my memory. 他的话铭刻在我的记忆里. * The manager impressed on his office staff the importance of keeping accurate records. 经理让办公室职员认识到做精确记录的重要性. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in/on sth) press sth hard into a soft surface, leaving a mark 用硬物压入软物表面而留下痕迹; 盖印: * designs impressed on/in wax 在蜡板上压印出的图样. 派生： impress[5impres; 5impres] n (fml 文) mark left by pressing sth hard, eg a seal, into a soft surface 压痕, 印记（如印章的印记）.

impression
[im'preFn; im'preFEn] n 1 ~ (on sb) deep lasting effect on the mind or feelings of sb 印象;感想: * His first speech as president made a strong impression on his audience. 他当会长後的第一次演讲给听众留下了深刻的印象. * create an unfavourable impression 产生不利的影响. 2 (esp sing 尤作单数) ~ (of sth/doing sth/that...) (unclear or uncertain) idea, feeling or opinion （不清晰的或不确切的）想法, 感觉, 看法: * My general impression was that he seemed a pleasant man. 我总的印象是他似乎很和蔼可亲. * I had the distinct impression that I was being followed. 我清楚地感觉到有人跟踪我. * one's first impressions of (ie one's immediate reaction to) the new headmaster 对新校长的初步印象 * He gives the impression of being a hard worker/that he works hard, ie It seems as if he works hard. 他给人的印象是工作很努力. * `I always thought you were a nurse.’ `I wonder how you got that impression?’ ‘我一向以为你是护士呢.’‘不知道你这个想法从何而来?’ 3 appearance or effect of sb/sth 某人[某事物]的外貌、 影响或作用:The room's lighting conveys an impression of spaciousness.这个房间的照明给人以宽敞的感觉. 4 ~ (of sb) funny imitation of the behaviour or way of talking of a well-known person （对名人言谈举止的）滑稽的模仿: * The students did some marvellous impressions of the teachers at the end-of-term party. 在期末联欢会上, 学生模仿教师惟妙惟肖令人捧腹. 5 mark left by pressing an object hard into a surface 将一物压在另一物上留下的印记: * the impression of a leaf in a fossil 化石中一片叶子留下的痕迹. =>illus 见插图. 6 reprint of a book made with few or no alterations to its contents （书的）重印, 再次印刷（内容无甚更动或不作更动）: * the fifth impression 第五次印刷. Cf 参看 edition 2. 7 (idm 习语) be under the impression that... have the (usu mistaken) idea that... 有某种（通常指错误的）想法...:

impression1
* I was under the impression that you were coming tomorrow. 我以为你明天才来呢. 派生： impressionism[-FEnizEm; -FEn7izEm] n (usu 通常作 Impressionism) [U] style of painting developed in France in the late 19th century that creates the general impression of a subject by using the effects of colour and light, without realistic detail 印象主义, 印象派（绘画风格, 19世纪下半叶兴於法国, 主张用颜色及光线效果对物体作总体化描绘, 不着眼於实体细节）. impressionist[-FEnist; -FEnist] n 1 (usu 通常作 Impressionist) artist who paints in the style of Impressionism 印象派画家. 2 person who does impressions (impression 4) of other people 用滑稽方式模仿名流的人. adj (usu 通常作 Impressionist) of or relating to the style of Impressionism 印象派的; 印象主义的: * Impressionist painters, works, exhibitions 印象派画家、 作品、 画展. impressionistic giving a general idea rather than specific facts or detailed knowledge 给人以一般印象的; 不涉及事实或细节的: * a purely impressionistic description of the incident 对事情作的纯凭印象的描叙.

impressionable
[im'preFEnEbl; im'preFEnEbl] adj easily influenced or affected 易受影响的: * children at an impressionable age 处在易受外界影响年龄期的儿童 * impressionable young people 易受影响的年轻人. > impressionability/im7preFEnE'bilEti; im'preFEnE'bilEti] n [U].

impressive
[im'presiv; im'presiv] adj having a strong effect on sb, esp through size, grandeur, or importance 给人以深刻印象的（尤指因巨大、 壮观或重要）: * an impressive ceremony, building, speech, performance 令人难忘的仪式、 建 、 讲话、 演出 * His collection of paintings is most impressive. 他的绘画收藏令人叹为观止. > impressively adv. impressiveness n [U].

imprimatur
[7impri5meitE(r), -'ma:tE(r); 7impri5matl] n (a) official permission to print a book, esp as given by the Roman Catholic Church 准予印行令（尤指天主教会颁发的）. (b) (fig 比喻) permission or approval 批准; 认可; 同意: * give the scheme one's imprimatur 对计画表示同意.

imprint
[im'print; im'print] v [Tn.pr] ~ sth in/on sth (a) press (sth hard) onto a surface, leaving an impression or mark 将（硬物）压在某物上留下痕迹; 压印; 印: * imprint one's hand in soft cement 在未凝固的水泥上压手印. (b) (fig 比喻) fix sth firmly in sb's mind 铭记: * details imprinted on his memory/mind 铭记於他的记忆中[头脑中]的细节详情. 派生： imprint[5imprint; 5imprint] n 1 ~ (in/on sth) mark made by pressing or stamping a surface 印迹; 痕迹: * the imprint of a foot in the sand 沙滩上的足迹. 2(usu sing 通常作单数) ~ (on sb/sth) lasting characteristicmark or effect 持久的特徵、 标志或影响: * Her face bore the deep imprint of suffering. 她的脸上带着受过苦难的深深的痕迹. 3 name and address of the publisher, usu printed on the title-page of a book 出版者的名称和地址（通常印在书名页上）.

imprinting
[im'printiN; im'printiN] n [U] learning process in which young animals recognize and have a strong attachment to members of their own species, esp their mothers 铭印, 铭记, 印随（幼小动物的学习形式, 指辨识同类并产生牢固的依附行为, 尤指依附其母）.

imprison
[im'prizn; im'prizn] v [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: * Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (in sth) put or keep sb in or as if in prison 监禁某人; 似监禁般束缚某人: * Several of the rioters were imprisoned for causing a disturbance. 有几个暴乱者因制造动乱被关押在狱. * conditions in which young mothers feel virtually imprisoned in their own homes 年轻的母亲感到的居家如坐牢一般的处境. 派生： imprisonment[-mEnt; -mEnt] n [U] state of being imprisoned 关押; 监禁; 坐牢: * sentenced to one year's, ten years', life, etc imprisonment 被判处一年、 十年、 终身监禁等.

improbable
[im'prCbEbl; im'prabEbl] adj not likely to be true or to happen; not probable 不大可能是真实的; 未必会发生的; 不大可能的: * an improbable idea, event, result 不切实际的想法、 未必会发生的事情、 不太可能有的结果 * It is very/most improbable that the level of unemployment will fall. 失业率几无可能下降. 派生： improbability/im7prCbE'bilEti; im7prabE'bilEti] n (a) [U] state of being improbable 不大可能; 未必能发生: * the improbablity of his being recaptured 对他再行拘捕之不大可能. (b) [C] event that is improbable 不大可能的事; 未必能发生的事: * Don't worry about such improbabilities as floods and earthquakes. 像洪水、 地震这类不大可能发生的事, 就不要担心了. improbably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv.

impromptu
[im'prCmptju:; - -tu:; im'pramptu] adj, adv (done) without preparation, rehearsal or thought in advance 事先无准备（的）; 临时（的）; 即兴（的）; 即席（的）: * an impromptu speech, news conference, performance,etc 即席讲话、 临时召开的记者招待会、 即兴表演 * He spoke impromptu. 他临时发了言. 派生： impromptu n musical composition, etc that is or appears to be improvised 即兴曲: an impromptu by Schubert 舒伯特的即兴曲.

improper
[im'prCpE(r); im'prapl] adj 1 wrong or incorrect 错误的; 不正确的: * improper use of a tool, word, drug, etc 工具、 词、 药等的误用. 2 not suited or appropriate to the situation or circumstances; unseemly or indecent 不适合的; 不适当的; 不相宜的; 不得体的; 下流的: * Laughing and joking are considered improper behaviour at a funeral. 在葬礼上发笑或开玩笑是失礼的行为. 3 dishonest; irregular 不正当的; 不诚实的; 不正规的: * improper business practices 不正当的商业行为. Cf 参看 proper. > improperly adv. 复合： improper `fraction numerical fraction in which the value above the line is greater than the value below theline 假分数, 如 -720-63 .Cf 参看 proper fraction (proper).

impropriety
[7imprE'praiEti; 7imprE'praiEti] n (fml 文) (a) [U] indecent or unsuitable behaviour; dishonest practice 下流的或不适当的行为; 不正当的做法: * The investigation revealed no impropriety. 调查表明没有不正当的做法. (b) [C] instance of this 下流的或不适当的行为.

improve
[im'pru:v; im'pruv] v 1 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become better （使某事物）改进, 改善: * His work is improving slowly. 他的工作在慢慢改进. * Her health is gradually improving, ie after an illness. 她的健康状况逐渐好转. * The Post Office aims to improve its quality of service. 邮局锐意改善服务质量. * The fertility of the soil has been greatly improved by the use of pesticides. 土壤施用杀虫剂後肥力大增. * He studied harder to improve his French. 他更加努力提高法语水平. * a new improved washing-powder 经改进的新型洗衣粉. 2 (phr v) improve on/upon sth achieve or produce sth of a better standard or quality than sth else 改进或生产出比某物更好的事物: * The German girl improved on her previous best performance in the 100 metres. 那个德国姑娘在100米比赛中刷新了自己以往最好的成绩. * This achievement has never been improved on. 这个成就从未有人超过. 派生： improvement n 1 [C, U] ~ (on/in sth) action or process of improving; state of being improved 改进; 改善; 改良: cause a distinct/significant/marked improvementin working conditions 使工作环境有明显的[重大的/显着的]改善 * a slight, gradual, etc improvement in the weather 天气的轻微的、 逐渐的...好转 * This year's car is an improvement on (ie is better than) last year's model. 今年的汽车是去年型号的改进型. * There is room for further improvement in your English. 你的英语尚有进一步提高的馀地. 2 [C] addition or alteration that improves sth or adds to its value （改进某事物或提高其价值的）增加或修改: home improvements 住宅的装修 * [attrib 作定语] a road improvement scheme 道路改善计画.

improvident
[im'prCvidEnt; im'pravEdEnt] adj (fml 文) not preparing for future needs; wasteful 不顾及将来需要的; 浪费的: * improvident spending habits 不为将来打算的花钱习惯. > improvidence[-Ens; -Ens] n [U]. improvidently adv.

improvise
[ 5ImprEvaIz; ?@ also 9ImprE5vaIz; `ImprE9vaIz, 9ImprE`vaIz] v [I, Tn] 1 compose or play (music), speak or act without previous preparation （即兴地或即席地）创作、 演奏、 讲话、 表演等: * The pianist forgot his music and had to improvise (the accompaniment). 弹钢琴的人把乐谱忘了, 只好即兴伴奏. * an improvised speech 即席的演讲. 2 make (sth) from whatever is available, without preparation （临时就现有的条件）做（某事物）: * As we've not got the proper materials, we'll just have to improvise. 我们没有弄到合适的材料, 只好临时凑合了. * a hastily improvised meal 匆匆拼凑的一顿饭. > improvisation/ 9ImprEvaI5zeIFn; ?@ also Im9prCvE5zeIFn; 9ImprEvaI`zeFEn, Im9prBvE`zeFEn] n [U, C].

imprudent
[im'pru:dnt; im'prudnt] adj (fml 文) not wise or discreet; not prudent 不智的; 不谨慎的;轻率的: * It would be imprudent (of you) to resign from your present job before you are offered another. （你）还没有得到新的工作就辞去现有的工作太不慎重了. > imprudence[-ns; -ns] n [U]. imprudently adv.

impudent
[5impjudEnt; 5impjudEnt] adj very rude and disrespectful 粗鲁的; 放肆的; 无礼的; 不尊重的: * an impudent child, grin, question 粗俗的孩子、 笑、 问题. 派生： impudence[-Ens; -Ens] n [U] being impudent; impudent behaviour or speech 粗鲁; 放肆; 无礼的言行: * I've had enough of your impudence! 你这样放肆, 我已经受够了! impudently adv.

impugn
[im'pju:n; im'pjun] v [Tn] (fml 文) express doubts about (sth) 对（某事物）表示怀疑: * impugn sb's motives, actions, morals, etc 怀疑某人的动机、 行为、 品行等.

impulse
[5impQls; 5impQls] n 1 (a) [C] ~ (to do sth) sudden urge to act without thinking about the results 凭冲动行事（未顾及後果）; 突如其来的念头: * He felt an irresistible impulse to jump. 他突然有个无法抗拒的冲动, 想跳下去. * check/curb/resist an impulse 抑制[约束/遏止]冲动. (b) [U] tendency to act in this way 好冲动行事: * a man of impulse 易冲动的人. 2 [C] push or thrust; stimulus; impetus 推动; 冲力; 刺激; 推动力: * give an impulse to industrial expansion 促进工业的扩展. 3 [C] stimulating force in a nerve or an electric circuit that causes a reaction 神经冲动; 电路脉冲: * nerve impulses神经冲动. 4 (idm 习语) on impulse suddenly and without previous thinking or planning 一时冲动: * On impulse, I picked up the phone and rang my sister in Australia. 我一时心血来潮, 拿起话筒就给在澳大利亚的妹妹打了个电话. 复合： `impulse buying buying goods on impulse 凭冲动购买货物.

impulsion
[im'pQlFn; im'pQlFEn] n [C] ~ (to do sth) (fml 文) strong urge (to do sth) （做某事的）强烈欲望: * the impulsion to break away and make a new life 想脱离开, 去过一种新生活的强烈欲望.

impulsive
[im'pQlsiv; im'pQlsiv] adj (of people or their behaviour) marked by sudden action that is undertaken without careful thought （指人或人的行为）凭冲动的, 易冲动的, 由冲动造成的: * an impulsive man, comment, decision, departure 易冲动的人、 一时冲动的评语、 在冲动中做出的决定、 在冲动下离去. > impulsively: * react, behave impulsively 冲动地反应、 表现. adv. impulsiveness n [U].

impunity
[im'pju:nEti; im'pjunEti] n (idm 习语) with impunity with freedom from punishment or injury 不受惩罚或伤害: * You cannot break the law with impunity. 违法者必受惩罚.

impure
[im'pjuE(r); im'pjur] adj 1 (dated 旧) morally wrong, esp in one's sexual behaviour 道德败坏的; （尤指）淫猥的: * impure thoughts, motives, actions 淫秽的想 法、 动机、 举动. 2 not clean; dirty or contaminated 不洁的; 肮脏的; 污染的. 3 not consisting of one substance,but mixed with another substance of poorer quality 不纯的; 有杂质的: * impure metals 不纯的金属. 派生： impurity/im'pjuErEti; im'pjurEti] n 1 [U] state orquality of being impure 不纯; 不洁; 淫秽. 2 [C] substancepresent in another substance that makes it of poor quality 杂质: * remove impurities from silver 去除银中的杂质.

impute
[im'pju:t; im'pjut] v [Tn.pr] ~ sth to sb/sth (fml 文) put the responsibility for sth on sb/sth; attributesth to sb/sth 将某事物的责任加之於某人[某事物]; 将某事物归因於或归咎於某人[某事物]: * He imputed the failure of his marriage to his wife's shortcomings. 他把婚姻的失败归咎於妻子的缺点. 派生： imputation[7impju:teiFn; 7impju'teFEn] n [U, C] (fml 文) action of imputing; accusation 归罪; 归咎; 非难: * imputation of guilt 归罪.

in
flight

in extremis
[7inik'stri:mis; 7inik'strimis] (Latin 拉) 1 (fml 文) (as a last resort when) in an emergency 在紧急关头; 应变措施: * This alarm button is only to be used in extremis. 此警报按钮只在紧急情况下使用. 2 (religion 宗) (in the Roman Catholic Church) about to die （天主教会用语）临终: * administer the last sacrament to sb in extremis 给临终的人傅油.

in loco parentis
[in 7lEukEu pE'rentis; in7lokopE'rentis] (Latin 拉) acting for or instead of a parent; having the responsibility of a parent 代替父或母; 代尽人父或人母之责: * I stand towards her in loco parentis. 我对她代尽其父母亲的责任.

in memoriam
[7in mE'mC:riEm; 7inmE'mCriEm] (Latin 拉) (used in epitaphs, on gravestones, etc 用於悼念诗文、 墓碑志文等中) in memory of sb; as a memorial to sb 纪念某人; 作为对某人之纪念.

in situ
[7in 'sitju:; in'saitju] (Latin 拉) in its original or proper place 在原处; 在原位置.

in toto
[in'tEutEu; in'toto] (Latin fml 拉, 文) totally; altogether 完整地; 完全地; 全部地.

in vitro
[7in'vi:trEu; in'vitro] (Latin 拉) (biology 生) (of the fertilization of an egg) by artificial means outside the body of the mother （指卵子受精）在母体外（人工授精）: * ,in vitro fertili`zation 体外受精 * an egg fertilized in vitro 体外受精的卵子.

in1
* Applications must be in by 30 April. 申请书必须在4月30in2 /// * I'd like to be in on the scheme. 我很想参与这项计画. * Are you in on her secret? 你知道她的秘密吗? be (well) `in with sb (infml 口) be (very) friendly with sb (and likely to benefit from the friendship) 同某人亲密（且可能从中获益）: * He's well in with the boss. 他和老板关系很密切. have (got) it `in for sb (infml 口) want to take revenge on sb; bear ill will towards sb 欲向某人报复; 对某人不怀好意: * That teacher has always had it in for me. 那位老师总想跟我过不去. ,in and `out (of sth) sometimes in and sometimes out (of a place) 时进时出（於某处）: * He's been in and out of hospital (ie often ill and in hospital) all year. 他一整年经常入院出院. 派生： in- (forming compound ns 用以构成复合名词) 1 (infml 口) popular and fashionable 流行和时髦: It's the in-thing to do at the moment. 这是目前最时兴的做法了. * the in-place to go 大家一时爱去的地方. 2 shared by or appealing to a small group （小圈子内）分享的或感兴趣的: an in-joke 一则内部笑话. 复合： `in-tray n tray for holding letters, etc that are waiting to be read or answered 收文盘（放置待阅或待覆信件的）. Cf 参看 out-tray (out).

inability
[7inE'bilEti; 7inE'bilEti] n [U] ~ (to do sth) lack of power, skill or ability; being unable 无力; 无能; 无技术; 不能: * his inability to understand mathematics 他在理解数学方面能力之差.

inaccessible
[7inAk'sesEbl; 7inAk'sesEbl] adj ~ (to sb) very difficult or impossible to reach, approach, or be contacted (by sb); not accessible 难达到的; 不可及的; 不易进入的; 不可接触的: * an inaccessible mountain retreat 很难抵达的山间僻静处 * His busy schedule made him completely inaccessible to his students. 他的时间排得很满, 学生根本无法和他接触. * (fig 比喻) philosophical theories that are inaccessible to (ie cannot be understood by) ordinary people 普通人无法理解的哲学理论. > inaccessibility[7inAk7sesE'bilEti; 7inAk7sesE'bilEti] n [U]. inaccessibly/ 7inAk'sesEbli; 7inAk'sesEbli] adv.

inaccurate
[in'AkjErEt; in'AkjErEt] adj having errors; not correct or accurate 有错误的; 不正确的; 不精确的: * an inaccurate report, statement, description, etc 失实的报道、 说法、 叙述等. 派生： inaccuracy/in'AkjErEsi; in'AkjErEsi] n (a) [U] being inaccurate 不准确; 不正确; 误差: * an unacceptable level of inaccuracy 误差达无法容许的程度. (b) [C] inaccurate statement; mistake or error 不准确的说法; 错误; 差错: * There are so many inaccuracies in this report that it will have to be written again. 这份报告错误百出, 须重写. inaccurately adv.

inaction
[in'AkFn; in'AkFEn] n [U] lack of action; doing nothing; idleness 无行动; 无作为; 不活跃; 懒散.

inactive
[in'Aktiv; in'Aktiv] adj 1 not (physically) active; idle 不活动的; 不活跃的; 懒散的: * If you weren't so inactive you wouldn't be so fat! 你要是好动一些也不至於这麽胖! * Some animals are inactive during the daytime. 有些动物白天不活动. 2 not working or operating any more; not in use 不再工作的; 不再运行的; 不再使用的: * an inactive machine 停用的机器. 3 not participating fully (in a club, etc) 参加（俱乐部等）活动不踊跃的: * inactive members of the music society 音乐协会内不积极参加活动的会员. > inactivity/ 7inAk'tivEti;7inAk'tivEti] n [U]: * A holiday need not mean inactivity. 放假不一定就是不进行活动.

inadequate
[in'AdikwEt; in'AdEkwEt] adj 1 not sufficient or enough; not good enough for a particular purpose 不充分的; 不足的; 不够好的: * The safety precautions are totally inadequate. 这些安全措施完全不合格. * inadequate supplies, income, preparation 不足的供应品、 收入、 准备. 2 not sufficiently able or confident to deal with a difficult situation 不足胜任的; 信心不足的: * feel inadequate when faced by a difficult problem 面对难题觉得力不从心. 派生： inadequacy/in'AdikwEsi; in'AdEkwEsi] n 1 [C, U] (instance or example of) being inadequate 不充分; 不足; 不胜任: * the inadequacy of our resources 我们资源的不足 * realize one's personal inadequacy 认识自己的不足. 2 [C] fault or failing; weakness 毛病; 缺陷; 弱点: * the inadequacies of the present voting system 现行选举制度的弊病. inadequately/in'AdikwEtli; in'AdEkwEtli] adv.

inadmissible
[7inEd'misEbl; 7inEd'misEbl] adj that cannotbe allowed or admitted, esp in a court of law 不允许的, 不许可的, 不能承认的（尤指在法庭上）: * inadmissible evidence 不能采纳的证据. > inadmissibility/ 7inEd7misE'bilEti; 7inEd7misE'bilEti] n [U]. inadmissibly/ 9InEd5mIsEblI; 9InEd`mIsEblI/ adv.

inadvertent
[7inEd'vE:tEnt; 7inEd'vEtnt] adj (of actions) done without thinking or not deliberately （指行动）漫不经心的, 非故意的, 无意的: * an inadvertent slip, omission, etc 不经意的失误、 遗漏等. 派生： inadvertence n [U]. inadvertently adv by accident; unintentionally 偶然地; 非故意地; 无意地: She inadvertently telephoned the wrong person. 她无意中打错了电话.

inadvisable
[7inEd'vaizEbl; 7inEd'vaizEbl] adj [usu pred 通常作表语] unwise; not sensible 不明智; 不可取; 失策: * It is inadvisable to have too much sugar in your diet. 饮食中糖分太多是不可取的. > inadvisability/ 9InEd9vaIzE5bIlEtI; 9InEd9vaIzE`bIlEtI/ n [U].

inalienable
[in'eiliEnEbl; in'eliEnEbl] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (fml 文) that cannot be taken away 不可剥夺的; 不能让与的: * inalienable rights 不可剥夺的权利.

inane
[i'nein; in'en] adj without meaning; silly or stupid 无意义的; 愚蠢的: * an inane remark, question, etc 无聊的言语、 问题等 * inane conversation 无意义的谈话. 派生： inanely adv: They grinned inanely. 他们咧嘴傻笑. inanity/i'nAnEti; in'AnEti] n (a) [U] being inane 无意义; 愚蠢. (b) [C] inane remark or act 无意义的或愚蠢的言行.

inanimate
[in'AnimEt; in'AnEmEt] adj 1 not alive, esp in the way that humans and animals are 无生命的: * A rock is an inanimate object. 石头是无生命的物体. 2 lacking energy and vitality; dull 无精力的; 无生气的; 单调的: * inanimate conversation 沉闷的谈话.

inapplicable
[ In5AplIkEbl, also 9InE5plIkEbl; In`AplIkEbl,9InE`plIkEbl] adj ~ (to sb/sth) that is not relevant or cannot be applied 不相干的; 不适用的: * The rules seem to be inapplicable to this situation. 这些规则似乎不适用於这种情况. > inapplicability/ In9AplIkE5bIlEtI, also 9InE9plIkE5bIlEtI; 9InAplIkE`bIlEtI, 9InE9plIkE`bIlEtI] n [U]. inapplicably/ In5AplIkEblI, also 9InE5plIkEblI; In`AplIkEblI, 9InE`plIkEblI] adv.

inappropriate
[7inE'prEupriEt; 7inE'propriEt] adj ~ (to/for sb/sth) not suitable or appropriate (for sb/sth) （对某人[某事物]）不恰当的, 不适合的: * an inappropriate comment, name, moment 不当的评语、 名称、 时刻 * clothes inappropriate to the occasion 不适合这种场合的衣物 * It seems inappropriate for us to intervene at this stage. 我们在此阶段介入似不甚妥. > inappropriately adv: * inappropriately dressed for the funeral 参加葬礼时衣着不当. inappropriateness n [U].

inapt
[in'Apt; in'Apt] adj not relevant, appropriate or useful 不相干的; 不合适的; 无用的: * an inapt remark, question, translation 不恰当的言语、 问题、 翻译. 派生： inaptitude/in'Aptitju:d; - -tu:d; in'AptE7tud] n [U] ~ (for sth) lack of ability or suitability (for sth) 无能力; 不合适. inaptness n [U] being inapt 不相干; 不合适; 无用.

inarticulate
[7ina:'tikjulEt; 7inar'tikjElEt] adj 1 unable to express one's words, ideas or feelings clearly 不善表达思想感情的: * a clever but inarticulate mathematician 聪明但不善言辞的数学家. 2 not clearly or well expressed 表达得不清楚的; 含糊其辞的: * an inarticulate speech, essay, sound 含糊不清的讲话、 文章、 声音 * speaking in an inarticulate mumble 叽哩咕噜地说着. 3 not expressed as spoken words 非言语表达的: * Her actions were an inarticulate cry for help. 她的行动是无言的呼救. > inarticulately adv. inarticulateness n [U].

inasmuch as
[7inEz'mQtF Ez; 7inEz'mQtF Ez] conj (fml 文) since; because; to the extent that 因为; 由於; 鉴於; 至...限度: * He is a Dane inasmuch as he was born in Denmark, but he became a British citizen at the age of 30. 他按其出生在丹麦来说是丹麦人, 但他在30岁时成了英国公民.

inattention
[7inE'tenFn; 7inE'tenFEn] n [U] ~ (to sb/sth) lack of attention; neglect 不注意; 不经心; 疏忽: * work marred by inattention to detail 因忽略了细节而嫌美中不足的作品. 派生： inattentive[7inE'tentiv; 7inE'tentiv] adj ~ (to sb/sth) not paying attention (to sb/sth); not attentive 不注意的; 不经心的; 疏忽的: * inattentive to the needs of others漠视他人需要. inattentively adv. inattentivenessn [U].

inaudible
[in'C:dEbl; in'CdEbl] adj not loud enough to be heard; not audible （因声音低）听不见的: * speak in an almost inaudible voice 用低得难以听到的声音说话.> inaudibility/in7C:dE'bilEti; 7inCdE'bilEti] n [U]. inaudibly/in'C:dEbli; in'CdEbli] adv.

inaugural
[i'nC:gjurEl; in'CgjErEl] adj [attrib 作定语] of or for an inauguration 就职的; 就任的; 开幕的; 创始的: * an inaugural speech, lecture, meeting, etc 就职演说、 首次讲课、 开幕典礼.

inaugurate
[i'nC:gjureit; in'CgjE7ret] v 1 [Tn, Cn.n/a]~ sb (as sth) introduce (a new public official or leader) at a special ceremony 为（新官员或领袖）举行就职典礼: * inaugurate the President 为总统举行就职典礼 * He will be inaugurated as president in January. 他将在一月就任总裁. 2 [Tn] mark the beginning of (an organization or undertaking) or open (a building, an exhibition, etc) with a special ceremony 为（组织或工程的创立或开工）举行仪式; 为（建 物、 展览会等）举行落成或开幕仪式: * inaugurate a conference, an organization, a scheme, etc 为会议开幕、 组织成立、 计画创始举行仪式 * The city library was inaugurated by the mayor. 市长主持了市图书馆的落成仪式. 3 [Tn] be the beginning of (sth); introduce 开创, 创始, 引进（某事物）: * Concorde inaugurateda new era in aeroplane travel. 协和式飞机开创了空中旅行的新纪元. 派生： inauguration/i7nC:gju'reiFn; in7CgjE'reFEn] n [C, U] (act of) inaugurating or being inaugurated 就职; 就职典礼; 开幕式; 落成典礼: * the President's inauguration 总统就职典礼 * [attrib 作定语] the President's inauguration speech 总统就职演说. inaugurator n person who inaugurates sth 典礼主持人; 创始人.

inauspicious
[7inC:'spiFEs; 7inC'spiFEs] adj havingsigns which show that future success is unlikely; not favourable 不吉的; 不祥的; 不利的: * an inauspicious occasion, event, meeting, etc 预兆不祥的情况、 事件、 会面等. > inauspiciously adv. inauspiciousness n [U].

inboard
[5inbC:d; 5in7bCrd] adj, adv (situated) within the sides of or towards the centre of a boat or aircraft （处於）船或飞行器的内部（的）; 向船或飞行器的中心（的）: * an inboard motor 舷内机.

inborn
[7in'bC:n; in'bCrn] adj existing in a person or animal from birth; natural; innate 天生的; 先天的; 生来的: * an ,inborn ,talent for `music 天赋的音乐才能.

inbred
[7in'bred; in'bred] adj 1 natural; innate 天生的; 先天的: * an ,inbred ,sense of `duty 天生的责任感. 2 produced by inbreeding 同系交配产生的: * The long nose on these dogs is an ,inbred characte`ristic. 这些狗的长鼻子是同系交配的特点. 派生： inbreeding[5inbri:diN; 5in7bridiN] n [U] breeding among closely related people or animals 人或动物的近亲繁殖; 同系交配: * deformities caused by inbreeding 近亲繁殖造成的畸形.

Inc
(also inc)[iNk; iNk] abbr 缩写 = (US) Incorporated: * Manhattan Drugstores Inc 曼哈顿药物杂物有限公司. Cf 参看 Ltd, PLC.

incalculable
[in'kAlkjulEbl; in'kAlkjElEbl] adj 1 too large or great to be calculated 不可计算的; 极大的; 不可估量的; 无数的: * do incalculable harm to sb's reputation严重损害某人的声誉. 2 that cannot be predicted; uncertain 无法预料的; 难以确定的: * a person of incalculable moods 喜怒无常的人. > incalculably[-EblI; -EblI/ adv.

incandescent
[7inkAn'desnt; 7inkAn'desnt] adj glowing or shining when heated 白炽的; 白热的. > incandescence[-sns; -sns] n [U]. 复合： ,incan,descent `lamp electric lamp with a heated filament that gives off white light 白炽灯.

incantation
[7inkAn'teiFn; 7inkAn'teFEn] n (a) [C] series of words used as a magic spell or charm 符咒; 咒语; 魔法: * chant incantations to the evil spirits 向恶魔念符咒. (b) [U] saying or use of these 念符咒; 用魔法.

incapable
[in'keipEbl; in'kepEbl] adj 1 [pred 作表语] ~ of sth/doing sth not able to do sth 不能做某事: * The children seem to be totally incapable of working quietly by themselves. 这些孩子简直完全不能静静地自己做功课. * incapable of telling a lie, ie too honest to do so 不会说谎（极诚实而不说谎） * incapable of sympathy 不能同情人. 2 unable to do anything well; helpless; not capable 什麽事都做不好的; 不能胜任的; 无能的: * As a lawyer she's totally incapable. 她当律师完全不合格. 3 (idm 习语) drunk and incapable => drunk. > incapability/in7keipE'bilEti; 7inkepE'bilEti] n [U]. incapably adv.

incapacitate
[7inkE'pAsiteit; 7inkE'pAsE7tet] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth/from doing sth) 1 make sb unable (to do sth); weaken or disable sb 使某人不能（做某事）; 使某人孱弱或伤残: * be incapacitated by an accident 在事故中致残 * Poor health incapacitated him for work/from working all his life. 他身体不好, 一辈子不能工作. 2 deprive sb of the legal ability (to do sth); disqualify sb 使某人无合法的能力（做某事）; 取消某人的资格.

incapacity
[7inkE'pAsEti; 7inkE'pAsEti] n [U] ~ (to do sth); ~ (for sth/doing sth) lack of ability and necessary strength (to do sth); weakness or inability 无能力（做某事）; 孱弱; 无能: * his increasing incapacity for work 他对工作日渐不能胜任 * society's incapacity to deal with the growing numbers of the elderly 社会对人口老化问题之无能为力.

incarcerate
[in'ka:sEreit; in'karsE7ret] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (in sth) (fml 文) put sb in prison 将某人监禁: * He was incarcerated (in the castle dungeon) for years. 他被多年监禁（在古堡的地牢里）. > incarceration/ In9kB:sE5reIFn; In9kBrsE`reFEn/ n [U].

incarnate
[in'ka:neit; in'karnet] adj (following ns 用於名词之後) 1 in the physical form of a human being 人体化的; 化身的: * The guards were sadistic beasts and their leader was the devil incarnate. 那些警卫都是残暴的野兽, 他们的首领是个魔鬼的化身. 2 (of ideas, qualities, etc) appearing in a human form （指思想、 性质等）拟人化的, 具体化的: * virtue incarnate 贞洁的化身. 派生： incarnate[5inka:neit; in'karnet] v [Tn] (fml 文) 1 give human form to (sth) 赋予（某事物）人的形体; 将（某事物）人格化. 2 put (an idea, a quality, etc) into real or physical form 使（概念, 品质等）具体化或形象化. 3 (of a person) be a living form of (a quality) （指人）为（某特质）的体现: * He incarnates all the qualities of a successful manager. 他表现出了事业有成的经理人员所具有的一切品质.

incarnation
[7inka:'neiFn; 7inkar'neFEn] n 1 [C] person that prominently displays a particular quality （突出表现某种品质的）典型人物, 化身: * She's the very incarnation of goodness. 她是美德的化身. 2 [C, U] (instance of) being alive in human form 化身: * the nine incarnations of Vishnu 护持神的九个化身 * He believed he had been a prince in a previous incarnation. 他相信他前生是王子. 3 the Incarnation [sing] (in Christianity) the act of God becoming a man in Jesus （基督教）道成肉身（神以耶稣基督的身分化为人）.

incautious
[in'kC:FEs; in'kCFEs] adj acting or done without enough care or thought; not cautious; rash 不谨慎的; 粗心的; 轻率的. > incautiously adv.

incendiary
[in'sendiEri; - -dieri; in'sendi7eri] adj 1 designed to set buildings, etc on fire 放火的; 纵火的: * an incendiary bomb, device, attack 燃烧弹、 喷火器、 火攻. 2 tending to create public disturbances or violence 煽动的: * an incendiary speech 煽动性演说. 派生： incendiary n bomb that causes a fire 燃烧弹.

incense
1[5insens; 5insens] n [U] (smoke from a) substance that produces a pleasant smell when burnt, used esp in religious ceremonies 香（尤指宗教仪式上用的）; （香冒出的）烟.

incentive
[in'sentiv; in'sentiv] n [C, U] ~ (to do sth) thing that encourages sb to do sth; stimulus 激励某人做某事的事物; 刺激; 奖励: * the offer of cash incentives 现金奖励的提供 * an incentive to work harder 对更加努力工作的刺激 * They don't try very hard, but then there's no incentive. 他们不太卖力气, 不过却也没给他们奖励. * [attrib 作定语] an incentive scheme 鼓励方案.

inception
[in'sepFn; in'sepFEn] n [sing] (fml 文) start or beginning of sth 开始; 开端: * He had been director of the project since its inception. 这项工作从一开始他就是负责人.

incessant
[in'sesnt; in'sesnt] adj not stopping; continual 不停的; 连续的; 不断的: * a week of almost incessant rain 雨差不多没有停过的一个星期 * an incessant stream of visitors 络绎不绝的参观人流. > incessantly adv: * complain incessantly 不停地抱怨.

incest
[5insest; 5insest] n [U] sexual intercourse betweenpeople who are too closely related to marry, eg brother and sister or father and daughter 乱伦, 血亲相奸（如兄妹或父女之间）. 派生： incestuous/in'sestjuEs; - -tFuEs; in'sestFuEs] adj 1 involving incest; guilty of incest 乱伦的; 犯乱伦罪的: * an incestuous relationship 乱伦的关系. 2 (derog 贬) of a group of people that have close relationships with one another and do not include people outside their group 小集团的; 小圈子的: * Theatre people are a rather incestuous group, I find. 我觉得戏剧工作者的小圈子针插不进. incestuously adv.

inch
[intF; intF] n 1 (abbr 缩写 in) measure of length equal to 2.54 cm or one twelfth of a foot 英寸（1英尺等於12英寸, 1英寸等於2.54厘米）: * a pile of books 12 inches high 一摞厚达12英寸的书. =>App 4,5 见附录4、 5. 2 small amount or distance 少量; 短距离: * He escaped death by an inch. 他险些丧了命. * We argued for an hour but he wouldn't budge (ie change his attitude or ideas) an inch. 我们争论了一个钟头, 但他毫无回旋馀地. 3 amount of rain or snow that would cover a surface one inch deep （一英寸厚的）降雨或降雪量: * Three inches of rain fell in Manchester last night. 曼彻斯特市昨夜降雨叁英寸. 4 (idm 习语) by inches only just 差一点儿; 险些儿; 几乎: * The car missed me by inches. 那辆汽车差一点儿撞着我. every inch (a) the whole area 整个地方: * The police examined every inch of the house for clues. 警方为寻找线索彻底检查了整所房子. (b) completely; entirely 完全地; 整个地: * He looked every inch a gentleman. 他看上去完全是正人君子. ,give sb an `inch (and he'll ,take a `mile/`yard) (saying 谚) if you surrender a little to sb, he will increase his demands greatly 得寸进尺. ,inch by `inch very slowly and in small steps; by degrees 慢慢地; 逐步地; 一点一点地: * They climbed the steep mountain inch by inch. 他们一点一点地攀上那座陡峭的山. within an inch of sth/doing sth very close to sth/doing sth 对某事物[做某事]间不容发; 差一点儿: * He came within an inch of being killed. 他差一点儿被弄死. > inch v [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ (sth) forward, past, through, etc (sth) move (sth) slowly and carefully in the specified direction 使（某物）朝某方向慢慢移动: * inch the car forward 开车慢慢前行 * He inched (his way) through the narrow passage. 他慢慢地穿过狭窄的通道.

inchoate
[in'kEueit, 'inkEueit; in'koit] adj (fml 文) just begun and therefore not fully formed or developed 刚开始的; 未完全成形的; 未充分发展的: * inchoate ideas, attitudes, wishes, etc 初步的想法、 态度、 愿望等.

incidence
[5insidEns; 5insEdEns] n [sing] 1 ~ of sth extent to which sth happens or has an effect 事情发生或具有影响的程度; 发生率; 影响范围: * This area has a high incidence of crime, disease, unemployment, etc. 这个地区的犯罪率、 发病率、 失业率等很高. 2 way in which a ray of light strikes a surface 光线向物体表面的照射; 入射: * the angle of incidence 入射角.

incident
1[5insidEnt; 5insEdEnt] n 1 event or happening,often of minor importance 事情, 发生的事（常指小事）: * He could remember every trivial incident in great detail. 他能把每件小事的细节都记得很清楚. 2 hostile military activity between countries, opposing forces, etc （国际间或敌对力量等之间的）敌对行动, 军事冲突: * border incidents 边境事件. 3 [C, U] public disturbance, accident or violence 骚乱; 事故; 暴力事件: * The demonstration proceeded without incident. 游行示威进行时没有出事. =>Usage at occurrence 用法见occurrence.

incidental
[7insi'dentl; 7insE'dentl] adj 1 small and relatively unimportant; minor 小的而较不重要的; 次要的: * incidental expenses 杂费. 2 accompanying, but not a major part of sth; supplementary 伴随的; 补充的; 附属的: * incidental music for a play 戏剧的配乐. 3 [pred 作表语] ~ (to sth) liable to occur because of sth or in connection with sth 易伴随发生; 因相关而产生: * the risks that are incidental to exploration 探险时容易遇到的危险 * additional responsibilities that are incidental to the job 做这项工作要承担的额外责任. 4 occurring by chance in connection with sth else （伴随某事）偶然发生的. 派生： incidentally[-tli; -tli] adv 1 (used to introduce sth additional that the speaker has just thought of 说话者用以引入临时想到补充要说的事情) by the way 顺便提一句: * Some people, and incidentally that includes Arthur, just won't look after themselves properly. 有些人, 比如说阿瑟吧, 就是不能好好自理. 2 in an incidental way 偶然地; 不经意地.

incinerate
[in'sinEreit; in'sinE7ret] v [Tn] destroy (sth) completely by burning; burn to ashes 将（某物）烧成灰烬; 焚毁; 火化. 派生： incineration/in7sinE'reiFn; 7insinE'reFEn] n [U]. incinerator/in'sinEreitE(r); in'sinE7retl] n furnace or enclosed container for burning rubbish, etc （烧垃圾等的）焚化炉.

incipient
[in'sipiEnt; in'sipiEnt] adj (fml 文) in its early stages; beginning to happen 初始的; 早期的; 刚出现的: * signs of incipient tooth decay 早期龋齿的徵象.

incise
[in'saiz; in'saiz] v [Tn] (a) make a cut in (a surface) 切, 切开（物体表面）. (b) carve designs into (a surface); engrave 在（某物表面）上雕刻. 派生： incision/in'siVn; in'siVEn] n [C, U] (act or instance of) cutting, esp by a surgeon into the flesh for an operation 切, 切开, 切割, 切口（尤指外科手术）: * make a deep incision in the thigh 在大腿上深切一刀.

incisive
[in'saisiv; in'saisiv] adj clear and precise; direct or sharp 清晰而精确的; 直接的; 尖锐的: * incisive comments, criticism, advice, etc 中肯的评论、 批评、 劝告等 * an incisive mind 敏锐的头脑. > incisively adv. incisiveness n [U].

incisor
[in'saizE(r); in'saizl] n one of the eight sharp cutting teeth at the front of the mouth 门齿; 切牙. =>illus at tooth 见tooth插图.

incite
[in'sait; in'sait] v 1 [Tn.pr, Dn.t] ~ sb (to sth) urge or persuade sb to do sth by making him very angry or excited 煽动或鼓动某人做某事: * incite the workers to violence/against the government 煽动工人暴动[反对政府] * The captain was accused of inciting other officers to mutiny. 该上尉被控煽动军官叛变. 2 [Tn] create or cause (sth) 制造或引起（某事件）: * incite a riot/breach of the peace 制造动乱[妨害治安事端]. 派生： incitement n [U, C] ~ (to sth) action that incites certain behaviour 煽动; 鼓励: incitement to defy authority 煽动反对当局.

incivility
[7insi'vilEti; 7insE'vilEti] n (fml 文) 1 [U] lack of politeness 无礼貌. Cf 参看 uncivil. 2 [C] impolite act or remark 无礼的言行.

incl
abbr 缩写 = including; inclusive: total 29.53 incl tax 连税在内总额29.53英镑.

inclement
[in'klemEnt; in'klemEnt] adj (fml 文) cold and stormy; bad 严寒的; 狂风暴雨的; 恶劣的: * inclement weather 恶劣的天气. > inclemency[-Ensi; -Ensi] n [U].

inclination
[7iNkli'neiFn; 7inklE'neFEn] n 1 [C, U] ~ (to/for/towards sth); ~ (to do sth) feeling that makes sb want to behave in a particular way; disposition 倾向; 意向; 意愿: * I have little inclination to listen to you all evening. 我可不愿意一晚上都听你说话. * She is not free to follow her own inclination in the matter ofmarriage. 她的婚姻不能自主. 2 [C] ~ to sth; ~ to be/do sth event that regularly happens; tendency 经常发生的事; 趋向; 趋势: * He has an inclination to stoutness/to be fat. 他有发福[发胖]的趋势. * The car has an inclination to stall on cold mornings. 这辆汽车天冷时早晨常常熄火. 3 (a) [U] degree of sloping; slant 倾斜度; 坡度; 倾斜. (b) [C] sloping surface; slope 坡面; 斜面; 斜坡: * a small inclination just beyond the trees 就在树丛那边的一片小坡地. 4 [C usu sing 通常作单数] bending or bowing movement 弯曲的动作; 弯腰: * an inclination of his head 他点了点头.

incline
1[in'klain; in'klain] v 1 [Ipr] ~ towards sth lean or slope in the direction of sth 向某物的方向倾斜: * The land inclines towards the shore. 地面向海岸倾斜. 2 [Tn] bend (usu a part of the body) forward 向前弯（通常为身体局部）; 弯腰; 点头: * She inclined her head in prayer. 她低下头祈祷. 3 (fml 文) (a) [Tn.pr, Cn.t] ~ sb towards sth persuade sb to do sth; cause a certain tendency in sb; influence sb 说服某人做某事; 使某人有某倾向; 对某人施加影响: * His love of languages inclined him towards a career as a translator. 他对语言的热爱促使他从事翻译工作. * His sincerity inclines me to trust him. 他很真诚, 不由得我不信任他. (b) [Ipr] ~ to/towards sth have a physical or mental tendency towards sth （身体上或思想上）有某种倾向; 倾向於; 易於: * He inclines to laziness. 他爱偷懒. * She inclines towards depression. 她动不动就情绪低落. 派生： inclined adj [pred 作表语] 1 ~ (to do sth) wanting to behave in a particular way; disposed 想以某种方式行事; 准备做某事: I'm inclined to trust him. 我比较信任他. * We can go for a walk, if you feel so inclined. 你要是愿意的话, 咱们去散散步吧. 2 ~ to do sth having a tendency to be/do sth; likely to be/do sth 有某种倾向; 很有可能做某事: He's inclined to be lazy. 他爱偷懒. * The car is inclined to stall when it's cold outside. 这辆汽车天冷时爱熄火. 3 ~ to do sth (used to make what is said sound less strong) holding a particular opinion （用以使语气和缓）持某种意见: I'm inclined to believe he's innocent. 我颇以为他是无辜的. * Generally speaking, I'm inclined to agree with you. 总的说来, 我比较同意你的意见. 4 having a natural ability in a specified subject 有某方面的天赋: Louise is very musically inclined. 路易丝很有音乐天赋. 复合： in,clined `plane plane whose angle to the horizontal is less than 90 斜面（与水平面构成小於90夹角的平面）.

inclose
= enclose.

inclosure
= enclosure.

include
[in'klu:d; in'klud] v 1 [Tn, Tg] have (sb/sth) as part of a whole 包括, 包含（某人[某事物]）: * The conference delegates included representatives from abroad. 大会代表中有来自海外的代表. * The tour included a visit to the Science Museum. 旅游项目中包括参观科学博物馆. * Does the price include VAT? 这价钱是否已包括增值税在内? * Your duties include checking the post and distributing it. 你的职责是检查和发送邮件. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (in/among sth) make sb/sth part of a larger group or set 使（某人[某事物]）成为整体中的一部分: * include an article (in a newspaper) （在报纸上）登一篇文章 * We all went, me/myself included, ie I was among those who went. 大家都去了, 我也在内. * Detailed instructions are included in the booklet. 小册子中有详细说明. 派生： including/in'klu:diN; in'kludiN] prep having (sb/sth) as a part 包括（某人[某事物]）在内: * ￡57.50, including postage and packing 57.50英镑, 包括邮费及包装费在内 * The band played many songs, including some of my favourites. 乐队演奏了许多歌曲, 包括几首我最喜爱的. * Sales up to and including last month amounted to ￡10000. 销售额至上月底为止达10000英镑. inclusion/in'klu:Vn; in'kluVEn] n [U] ~ (in sth) including or being included 包括; 包含: * the inclusion of the clause in the contract 合同中该条款包括在内.

inclusive
[in'klu:siv; in'klusiv] adj 1 ~ (of sth) including sth; including much or all 包括或包含某事物的; 包括许多或全部的: * The price is ￡800, inclusive of tax. 价格800英镑, 连税在内. * inclusive terms, ie with no extra charges, eg at a hotel 一应费用（一切包括在内, 不再额外收费, 如旅馆中的）. 2 (following ns 置於名词之後) including the limits stated 包括所述的限度: * from Monday to Friday inclusive 从星期一至星期五, 共五日 * pages 7 to 26 inclusive 7-26页, 包括第7页及第26页. > inclusively adv.

incognito
[7iNkCg'ni:tEu; - iN'kCgnEtEu; in'kagni7to] adj [pred 作表语], adv with one's true identity hidden; in disguise 隐瞒个人真实身分; 伪装: * He didn't want to be recognized, so he travelled incognito. 他不想被人认出, 所以出行时隐瞒身分. 派生： incognito n (pl ~s) pretended identity 假身分.

incoherent
[7iNkEu'hiErEnt; 7inko'hirEnt] adj 1 not clear or logical 不清楚的; 不合逻辑的: * an incoherent explanation 不合逻辑的解释. 2 not expressed clearly 表达不清的: * talk incoherent gibberish 语无伦次地胡扯. > incoherence[-Ens; -Ens] n [U]. incoherently adv. Cf 参看 coherent (cohere).

incombustible
[7iNkEm'bQstEbl; 7inkEm'bQstEbl] adj (fml 文) that cannot be burnt 不能燃烧的.

income
[5iNkQm; 5in7kQm] n [C, U] money received over a certain period, esp as payment for work or as interest on investments 收入（某一段时间所得, 尤指工作报酬或投资收益）: * a family with two incomes, eg when the husband and wife both do paid work 有双份收入的家庭（如夫妻皆工作） * Tax is payable on all income over ￡2000. 收入超过2000英镑者徵收所得税. * high/low income groups 高[低]收入阶层 * a useful source of income for the charity 用作慈善事业的能解决问题的收入来源. 复合： `income tax tax payable according to the level of one's income 所得税: reduce the standard rate of income tax 降低所得税的标准税率. Cf 参看 capital levy (capital2). NOTE ON USAGE 用法: 1 Income is the most general word for money we receive from work, investments, etc. 用以指从工作、 投资等所得的钱, income是最通用词. It can be earned or unearned income. 这个词可指挣来的收入, 也可指并非挣来的收入. 2 Pay is a general word for money we regularly receive from an employer for work done. *pay一般用以指雇主定期付给的工资. Pay-day is the day of the week/month when this money is received. *pay-day指每星期[每月]领取工资的日子. 3 Wages are paid weekly (sometimes daily) and usually in cash. *wages按星期（有时按日）发放, 通常为现款. They are based on an hourly, daily or weekly rate or on a certain amount of work done. *wages按小时、 日、 星期计算或按完成一定的工作量计算. Wage-earners are usually manual workers *wage-earners通常指体力劳动者: A postman's wages are 180 per week. 邮递员的工资为每周180英镑. 4 A salary is paid monthly, often directly into a bank account. *salary按月支付, 常直接拨入领取者的银行帐户内. The amount of salary received is quoted at a yearly rate *salary的收入, 是指一年的收入: a salary of 12000 a year/per annum 每年12000英镑的薪水. Professional people and those who work in offices receive a salary 专业人员和在办公室工作的人员领取salary: The company is offering a salary of 20000 per annum. 这家公司招聘职员, 年薪为20000英镑.

income1
5 A fee is a payment to a lawyer, doctor, etc for professional services *fee是付给律师、 医生等的报酬: I thought the accountant's fee rather high. 我认为那个会计师收费很高.

incoming
[5inkQmiN; 5in7kQmiN] adj [attrib 作定语] 1 coming in 正来临的: * the incoming tide 涨潮 * incoming (ie enemy) artillery fire （敌人）发射来的炮火 * incoming telephone calls 打进来的电话 * incoming passengers 来到的旅客. 2 recently elected or appointed; new or succeeding 新选的; 新任的; 新来的; 继任的: * the incoming president 新任总裁.

incommensurable
[7iNkE'menFErEbl; 7inkE'menFErEbl] adj [usu pred 通常作表语] (also incommensurate) ~ (with sb/sth) (fml 文) that cannot be judged or measured by the same standard (as sb/sth) （与某人[某事物]）不能用同一标准鉴定或衡量.

incommensurate
[7iNkE'menFErEt; 7inkE'menFErEt] adj [usu pred 通常作表语] (fml 文) 1 ~ (to/with sth) not in proportion to sth; inadequate 不相称; 不成比例; 不足: * His abilities are incommensurate to the task. 他的能力和他担负的任务不相称. 2 = incommensurable.

incommode
[7iNkE'mEud; 7inkE'mod] v [Tn] (fml 文) inconvenience or trouble (sb) 给（某人）带来不便; 打扰（某人）. 派生： incommodious[7iNkE'mEudiEs; 7inkE'modiEs] adj (fml 文) uncomfortable, usu because too small; inconvenient不舒适的（通常因过小）; 不方便的. incommodiouslyadv.

incommunicable
[7iNkE'mju:nikEbl; 7inkE'mjunikEbl] adj that cannot be communicated 不能传达的; 不可交流的.

incommunicado
[7iNkE7mju:ni'ka:dEu; 7inkE7mjuni'kado] adj [pred 作表语], adv without being allowed tocommunicate with other people 不许可与他人接触: * Theprisoner was held incommunicado. 那监犯被禁不得与他人接触.

incomparable
[in'kCmprEbl; in'kamprEbl] adj too good, great, etc to have an equal; beyond comparison 无比的; 无双的; 不可比拟的: * incomparable singing, hospitality, food 无与伦比的歌唱、 殷勤招待、 食物. >incomparability/in7kCmpErE'bilEti; in7kampErE'bilEti] n [U]. incomparably/in'kCmprEbli; in'kamprEbli] adv.

incompatible
[7iNkEm'pAtEbl; 7inkEm'pAtEbl] adj 1 ~ (with sb) not able to live or work happily with sb （与某人）不能和谐相处的, 合不来的: * temperamentally, sexually, socially incompatible 脾气不相投、 性生活不和谐、 社交上合不来 * I've never seen such an incompatible couple. 我从来没有见过这麽不般配的一对儿. 2 ~ (with sth) not consistent or in logical agreement with sth （与某物）不一致的, 不相符的, 不相配的: * behaviour that is totally incompatible with the aims of the society 与社团目标完全背道而驰的行为. > incompatibility[7iNkEm7pAtE'bilEti; 7inkEm7pAtE'bilEti] n [U, C].

incompetent
[in'kCmpitEnt; in'kampEtEnt] adj 1 nothaving or showing the necessary skills to do sth successfully不胜任的; 不称职的: * I suppose my application has been lost by some incompetent bureaucrat. 我估计我的申请书不知道让哪个无能的官僚给弄丢了. * criticized for his incompetent handling of the problem 他因处理该问题无能而受到批评. 2 not (esp legally) qualified 无资格的（尤指法律方面）: * incompetent to judge 无资格作裁决. 派生： incompetence[-Ens; -Ens] n [U] lack of skill or ability to do a task successfully 不胜任; 不称职: * He was dismissed for incompetence. 他因不称职而遭辞退. incompetent n incompetent person 不能胜任的人; 不称职的人. incompetently adv.

incomplete
[7iNkEm'pli:t; 7inkEm'plit] adj not having all its parts; not complete 不完全的; 不完整的; 不完备的: * an incomplete set of results 一组不完整的答数. > incompletely adv. incompleteness n [U].

incomprehensible
[in7kCmpri5hensEbl; 7inkampri5hensEbl] adj that cannot be understood; not comprehensible无法理解的; 难於领悟的: * technical expressions that areincomprehensible to ordinary people 普通人难以理解的技术用语. > incomprehensibility/in7kCmpri7hensE'bilEti; 7inkampri7hensE'bilEti] n [U]. incompre-hensibly[-sEblI; -sEblI/ adv.

incomprehension
[in7kCmpri5henFn; 7inkampri5henFEn] n [U] failure to understand sth 不理解; 不领悟: * Her explanations were met with blank incomprehension. 大家对她的解释茫然不解.

incompressible
[7iNkEm'presEbl; 7inkEm'presEbl] adj that cannot be compressed; unyielding 不可压缩的; 不屈的: * incompressible gases/liquids 不可压缩的气体[液体].

inconceivable
[7iNkEn5si:vEbl; 7inkEn5sivEbl] adj 1 (infml 口) very difficult to believe 难以置信的: * It seems inconceivable that the accident could have happened so quickly. 这一事故发生得这麽快, 简直不可思议. 2 that cannot be imagined; not conceivable 不可想像的; 匪夷所思的: * the inconceivable vastness of space 宇宙难以想像的广漠. 派生： inconceivably adv in a way that is very difficult to believe or understand 难以置信地; 不可思议地: The task proved inconceivably more difficult than we had imagined. 任务的困难程度超过我们的想像, 确实难以置信.

inconclusive
[7iNkEn5klu:siv; 7inkEn5klusiv] adj not leading to a definite decision, conclusion or result 非决定性的; 非结论性的; 无结果的: * inconclusive arguments, discussions, evidence, etc 无结果的辩论、 非决定性的讨论、 无效的证据. > inconclusively adv. inconclusiveness n [U].

incongruous
[in'kCNgruEs; in'kaNgruEs] adj strange because not in harmony with the surrounding features; out of place 不协调的; 不和谐的; 不一致的: * slow traditional methods that seem rather incongruous in this modern technical age 与当今技术时代相比显得格格不入的缓慢的传统方法. 派生： incongruity[7iNkCN'gru:Eti; 7inkaN'gruEti] n 1 [U] state of being incongruous 不协调; 不和谐; 不一致: * the apparent incongruity of a scientist having a simple religious faith 身为科学家而有单纯的宗教信仰那种明显的不协调. 2 [C] something that is incongruous 不协调的或不一致的事物. incongruously adv.

inconsequent
[in'kCnsikwEnt; in'kansE7kwEnt] adj 1 not following logically 不合逻辑的; 不连贯的. 2 = inconsequential. > inconsequence/in'kCnsikwEns; in'kansE7kwEns] n [U]. inconsequently adv.

inconsequential
[in7kCnsi'kwenFl; 7inkansE'kwenFEl] adj (also inconsequent) trivial or irrelevant; not important 琐细的; 不相干的; 不重要的: * inconsequential details, events, questions 琐碎的细节、 事情、 问题. > inconsequentially[-FEli; -FEli] adv.

inconsiderable
[7iNkEn5sidrEbl; 7inkEn5sidrEbl] adj small in size or value; not worth considering 微小的; 价值低的; 不值得考虑的: * a not inconsiderable sum of money, ie a large sum of money 数额不小的一笔钱.

inconsiderate
[7iNkEn5sidErEt; 7inkEn5sidErEt] adjnot caring about the feelings of other people; thoughtless; not considerate 不体贴别人的; 不替别人着想的; 考虑不周的: * How could you have been so inconsiderate? 你怎麽能这样不顾别人呢? * inconsiderate behaviour, remarks 欠考虑的举动、 言语. > inconsiderately adv. inconsiderate-ness n [U].

inconsistent
[7inkEn5sistEnt; 7inkEn5sistEnt] adj 1 [usu pred 通常作表语] ~ (with sth) not in harmony (with sth); containing parts that do not agree with one another 不和谐; 不一致; 不协调: * Such behaviour is inconsistent with her high-minded principles. 这样的行为与她情操高尚的原则是格格不入的. * His account of the events was inconsistent. 他对那些事情的说法前後矛盾. 2 not staying the same; changeable 反覆无常的; 易变的: * He is inconsistent in his loyalty: * sometimes he supports us, sometimes he's against us. 他并非一贯忠心耿耿, 有时支持我们, 有时反对我们. 派生： inconsistency[-Ensi; -Ensi] n (a) [U] quality of being inconsistent 不一致; 不一贯; 前後矛盾; 反覆无常: * inconsistency in the standard of his work 他的工作好坏的前後不一. (b) [C] instance of this 不一致; 不一贯; 前後矛盾; 反覆无常: * She noticed several minor inconsistencies in his argument. 她觉察到他的论点有几处略微有些自相矛盾. inconsistently adv.

inconsolable
[7iNkEn5sEulEbl; 7inkEn5solEbl] adj that cannot be comforted 不能安慰的; 无法慰藉的: * inconsolable grief 无法抚慰的悲伤 * The children were inconsolable when their father died. 这些孩子因丧父而悲伤不已. > inconsolably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv: * weep inconsolably 伤心欲绝地哭泣.

inconspicuous
[7iNkEn5spikjuEs; 7inkEn5spikjuEs] adj not very noticeable or obvious; not conspicuous 不引人注目的; 不显眼的; 不显着的: * a small inconspicuous crack in the vase 花瓶上一道不明显的小裂纹 * The newcomer tried to make herself as inconspicuous as possible, ie tried to avoid attention. 那个新来的人极力使她自己不惹人注意. > inconspicuously adv. inconspicuousness n [U].

inconstant
[in'kCnstEnt; in'kanstEnt] adj (fml 文) 1 (of people) having feelings and intentions that change often; not faithful （指人）反覆无常的, 不忠的: * an inconstant lover 爱情不专的人. 2 having a quantity or value that changes; not fixed （数量或价值）有变化的, 不固定的. > inconstancy[-Ensi; -Ensi] n [U, C].

incontestable
[7iNkEn5testEbl; 7inkEn5testEbl] adj that cannot be disputed or disagreed with 无可争辩的; 不能不同意的: * an incontestable fact 无可争辩的事实. > incontestably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv.

incontinent
[in'kCntinEnt; in'kantEnEnt] adj 1 unable to control the bladder or bowels in passing waste matter from the body 失禁的: * People often become incontinent when they get very old. 人老了就往往有内急失禁现象. 2 lacking self-control, esp in sexual matters 缺乏自制力的（尤指性方面）. > incontinence[-Ens; -Ens] n [U].

incontrovertible
[7iNkCntrE'vE:tEbl; 7inkantrE'vEtEbl] adj so obvious and certain that it cannot be disputed or denied 无可辩驳的; 不容否认的: * incontrovertible evidence 确凿无疑的证据. > incontrovertibility/ In9kCntrEv\:tE5bIlEtI; 9InkBntrE9v[tE`bIlEtI/ n [U].incontrovertibly[7iNkCntrE'vE:tEbli; 7inkantrE'vEtEbli] adv: * incontrovertibly true 千真万确.

inconvenience
[7iNkEn5vi:niEns; 7inkEn5vinjEns] n (a) [U] trouble, difficulty or discomfort 不方便; 麻烦; 打扰; 困难; 不适: * He apologized for the inconvenience he had caused. 他为打扰了人家而道歉. * put sb to, suffer great inconvenience 给某人带来、 遇到极大的不便. (b) [C] person or thing that causes inconvenience 造成不便的人或事物: * Having to change trains is a small inconvenience. 换乘火车多少有些不便. * put up with slight inconveniences 忍受些少不便. 派生： inconvenience v [Tn] cause inconvenience to (sb/sth) 给（某人[某事物]）带来不便; 麻烦; 打扰: The companies were greatly inconvenienced by the postal delays. 邮件延误给这些公司造成极大不便.

inconvenient
[7iNkEn5vi:niEnt; 7inkEn5vinjEnt] adj causing trouble, difficulty or discomfort; awkward 不方便的; 打扰的; 造成困难的; 让人不舒服的; 为难的: * They arrived at an inconvenient time we had just started the meal. 他们来得很不是时候--我们刚开始吃饭. * Living such a long way from the shops can be very inconvenient. 住得离商店这麽远有时候非常不便. > inconveniently adv.

incorporate
[in'kC:pEreit; in'kCrpEret] v 1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in/into sth) make sth part of a whole; include 将某事物包括进去; 包含: * Many of your suggestions have been incorporated in the new plan. 你的建议多已纳入新计画中. (b) [Tn] have (sth) as part of a whole 将（某事物）作为整体的一部分; 合并: * The new car design incorporates all the latest safety features. 汽车的新设计具备最新安全措施的一切特点. 2 [Tn] (US) form a legal corporation(2b) 组成公司: * We had to incorporate the company for tax reasons. 鉴於税务原因, 我们得组成公司. * a company incorporated in the USA 在美国组建的公司. 派生： incorporate/in'kC:pErEt; in'kCrpE7rEt] adj formed into a corporation; incorporated 合成一体的; 组成公司的. incorporated/in'kC:pEreitid; in'kCrpE7retid] adj (US) (abbr 缩写 Inc) (following the name of a company 置於公司名称之後) formed into a legal organization 组成法人组织的: * Nelson Inc 纳尔逊公司. incorporation/in7kC:pE'reiFn; in7kCrpE'reFEn] n [U] incorporating or being incorporated 包含; 合并; 组成公司.

incorporeal
[7iNkC:'pC:riEl; 7inkCr'pCriEl] adj (fml 文) without a body or material form 非实体的; 无形体的.

incorrect
[7iNkE'rekt; 7inkE'rekt] adj 1 not correct or true 不正确的; 错误的; 不真实的: * an incorrect answer 不正确的答案 * incorrect conclusions 错误的结论. 2 not according to accepted standards; improper 不合公认准则的; 不正当的: * incorrect behaviour 不端的行为. > incorrectly adv: * answer incorrectly 回答得不正确. incorrectness n [U].

incorrigible
[in'kCridVEbl; - -'kC:r-; in'kCridVEbl] adj (of people or their faults) that cannot be corrected or improved （指人或毛病）无法改好的, 不可救药的, 难以矫正的: * an incorrigible liar, gambler, gossip, etc 不可救药的撒谎的人、 赌徒、 是非小人等 * incorrigible habits难改的积习. > incorrigibility/in7kCridVE'bilEti; in7kCridVE'bilEti] n [U]. incorrigibly/in'kCridVEbli; in'kCridVEbli] adv.

incorruptible
[7iNkE'rQptEbl; 7inkE'rQptEbl] adj 1 unable to be corrupted morally, eg with bribes （道德上）不受腐蚀的（如不受贿）: * Judges should be incorruptible. 法官应当廉洁. 2 that cannot decay or be destroyed 不腐的; 不可摧毁的. > incorruptibility[7iNkE7rQptE'bilEti; 7inkE7rQptE'bilEti] n [U]. incorruptibly/ 9INkE5rQptEblI; 9InkE`rQptEblI/ adv.

increase
1[in'kri:s; in'kris] v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (from A) (to B) become or make (sth) greater in number, quantity, size, etc 增加, 增大（数目、 数量、 体积等）: * The population has increased from 1.2 million 10 years ago to 1.8 million now. 人口从10年前的120万已增加到现在的180万. * The rate of inflation has increased by 2%. 通货膨胀率已增长了2%. * increased profits 增加的利润 * He increased his speed to overtake the lorry. 他加大速度以超过前面的货车. 派生： increasingly/in'kri:siNli; in'krisiNli] adv more and more 越来越多地; 逐渐增加地: * increasingly difficult, important, popular 日益困难的、 重要的、 普及的 * Increasingly, people are realizing that our basic problems are not economic ones. 人们越来越认识到我们的根本 问题并非经济问题.

incredible
[in'kredEbl; in'kredEbl] adj 1 impossible to believe 不可相信的: * What an incredible story! 这件事真不可相信! 2 (infml 口) difficult to believe; amazing or fantastic 难以置信的; 不可思议的; 惊人的; 奇异的: * He earns an incredible amount of money. 他挣钱多得惊人. * We had an incredible (ie extremely good) holiday! 我们度过了一个极愉快的假日. * She's an incredible actress. 她是个了不起的演员. 派生： incredibility/in7kredE'bilEti; 7inkredE'bilEti] n [U]. incredibly/in'kredEbli; in'kredEbli] adv 1 to a great degree; extremely or unusually 非常地; 极端地; 异乎寻常地: * incredibly hot weather 极热的天气. 2 in a way that is difficult to believe; amazingly 难以置信地; 惊人地: * Incredibly, no one had ever thought of such a simple idea before. 真是难以相信, 这样简单的主意竟没有人想到过.

incredulous
[in'kredjulEs; - -dVu:l-; in'kredVElEs] adj not willing or able to believe; showing disbelief 不肯轻信的; 不能相信的; 表示怀疑的: * an incredulous look, stare, gaze, etc 怀疑的神情、 注视、 逼视等. > incredulity[7iNkri5dju:lEti; - -'du:-; 7inkrE'dulEti] n [U]: * an expression of shock and utter incredulity 愕然而十分怀疑的神情. incredulously adv.

increment
[5iNkrEmEnt; 5inkrEmEnt] n increase, esp in money paid as a salary; added amount 增加; 增长; （尤指）加薪; 增加量: * Your salary will be 12000 a year, withannual increments of 500. 你的年薪为12000英镑, 每年增加500英镑. > incremental[7iNkrE'mentl; 7inkrE'mentl] adj: * incremental increases 递增的量. incrementally[-tElI; -tElI/ adv.

incriminate
[in'krimineit; in'krimE7net] v [Tn] make (sb) appear to be guilty of wrongdoing 使（某人）显得有罪: * She refused to make a statement to the police in case she incriminated herself. 她拒绝向警方作陈述以免受连累. * incriminating evidence 可显示有罪的证据. 派生： incrimination/in7krimi'neiFn; in7krimE'neFEn] n [U]. incriminatory/in'kriminEtri, -neitEri; in'krimEnE7tCri] adj tending to incriminate sb 可显示某人有罪的.

incrustation
[7inkrQ'steiFn; 7inkrQs'teFEn] n 1 [U] formation of a hard outer covering; encrusting 结皮; 形成硬壳. 2 [C] hard outer covering or layer, esp one that forms gradually 硬壳, 外层（尤指逐渐形成的）: * incrustations of barnacles on the hull 藤壶附在船身上形成坚硬的外层.

incubate
[5iNkjubeit; 5iNkjE7bet] v 1 (a) [I, Tn] keep (eggs) warm, usu by sitting on them, until they hatch 孵（卵）; 孵化: * a bird incubating (her eggs) 正在孵卵的鸟. (b) [I] (of eggs) be kept warm until ready to hatch （指卵）孵化. 2 [I, Tn] (medical or biology 医或生) (of bacteria, etc) develop under favourable conditions, esp heat; cause (bacteria, etc) to develop （指细菌等）培养; 使（细菌等）繁殖: * Some viruses incubate very rapidly. 有些病毒繁殖得很迅速. * incubate germs in a laboratory 在实验室中培养细菌. 3 [I, Tn] (fig 比喻) (cause sth to) develop slowly and patiently （使某事物）逐渐发展, 酝酿: * plans for revolution that had long been incubating in their minds 他们心中酝酿已久的革命计画. 派生： incubation[7inkju'beiFn; 7inkjE'beFEn] n 1 [U] hatching (of eggs) 孵卵; 孵化: * artificial incubation, ie hatching by artificial warmth 人工孵化. 2 [C] (also incu`bation period) (a) (medical 医) period between being infected with a disease and the appearance of the first symptoms （传染病的）潜伏期. (b) (fig 比喻) (period for) developing plans, etc （计画等的）酝酿（期）. incubator[5iNkjubeitE(r); 5iNkjE7betl] n boxlike apparatus for hatching eggs by artificial warmth or for rearing small, weak babies (esp those born prematurely) 孵化器; 温育婴箱（尤指培育早产婴儿的）. Cf 参看 hatchery (hatch2).

incubus
[5iNkjubEs; 5iNkjEbEs] n (pl ~es or -bi[-bai;-7bai] ) (a) male evil spirit formerly supposed to have sex with a sleeping woman 梦淫妖（传说与熟睡女子交合的妖魔）. Cf 参看 succubus. (b) (rhet 修辞) thing (eg an approaching examination, an unpaid debt) that oppresses sb like a nightmare 给某人造成巨大压力的事物（似恶梦中所见的可怕事物, 如临近的考试、 未清偿的债务）.

inculcate
[5inkQlkeit; - in'kQl-; in'kQlket] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in/into sb); ~ sb with sth (fml 文) fix (ideas, principles, etc) firmly in sb's mind, esp by repetition 向某人灌输（思想、 原则等）（尤指反覆地）: * inculcate in young people a respect for the law 向年轻人灌输尊重法制的思想 * inculcate young people with a respect for the law 用尊重法制的思想反覆教育年轻人.

incumbent
[in'kQmbEnt; in'kQmbEnt] adj 1 [pred 作表语] ~ on/upon sb (fml 文) necessary as part of sb's duty 有责任; 有义务; 必须履行: * It is incumbent upon all users of this equipment to familiarize themselves with the safety procedure. 凡使用这种设备的人都应熟悉安全程序. 2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] holding the specified official position; current 现任的; 在职的: * the incumbent president 现任总裁. 派生： incumbent n person holding an official position, esp in the church 现任者, 在职者（尤指神职）: the present incumbent of the White House, ie the US President 现任美国总统. incumbency[-Ensi; -Ensi] n position of an incumbent 现任职位.

incur
[in'kE:(r); in'kE] v (-rr-) [Tn] cause oneself to suffer (sth bad); bring upon oneself 遭受; 蒙受; 招致; 引起; 带来: * incur debts, great expense, sb's anger 负上债、 须付巨额费用、 惹某人生气.

incurable
[in'kjuErEbl; in'kjurEbl] adj that cannot be cured 不能治愈的; 无可救药的; 不可矫正的: * incurable diseases, habits 不治之症、 无法矫正的习惯. 派生： incurable n person with an incurable disease 患不治之症的人: a home for incurables 绝症病人收容所. incurably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv: * incurably ill, stupid, optimistic 病重得、 愚蠢得、 乐观得到头了.

incurious
[in'kjuEriEs; in'kjuriEs] adj (fml 文) having no curiosity; not inquisitive 无好奇心的; 不追根究底的.

incursion
[in'kE:Fn; - -Vn; in'kEVEn] n (fml 文) ~ (into/on/upon sth) 1 sudden attack on or invasion of a place (not usu made in order to occupy it permanently) （对某地的）袭击, 侵犯（通常指非永久性的侵占）: * repel a sudden incursion of enemy troops (into/on one's territory) 击退敌军（对领土）的突然入侵. 2 (fig 比喻) inconvenient interruption of sb's time, privacy, etc; intrusion （对某人的时间、 私生活等的）扰乱, 打扰: * I resent these incursions into/upon my leisure time. 屡次侵占我的闲暇时间, 我很反感.

incurved
[7in'kE:vd; in'kEvd] adj curved inwards; bent into a curve 向内弯曲的; 弯成曲线的.

Ind
abbr 缩写 = (politics 政) Independent (candidate) 独立的（候选人）: Tom Lee (Ind) 汤姆．李（独立候选人）.

indebted
[in'detid; in'detid] adj ~ to sb (for sth) owing money or gratitude to sb 负债的; 感激的; 欠情的: * be (deeply, greatly, etc) indebted to sb for his help, advice, encouragement, etc （深深地、 非常地等）感激某人的帮助、 建议、 鼓励等. > indebtedness n [U].

indecent
[in'di:snt; in'disnt] adj 1 (of behaviour, talk, etc) offending against accepted standards of decency or morality; obscene （指行为、 谈话等）不礼貌的, 粗野的, 下流的, 猥亵的: * That short skirt of hers is positively indecent. 她那条短裙实在是不雅观. 2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] improper; undue 不合适的; 不适当的: * leave a party in indecent haste, ie too early or too soon to be polite 在聚会中匆匆离去而失礼. Cf 参看 decent. 派生：indecency[-nsi; -nsi] n 1 [U] being indecent; indecent behaviour 失礼; 粗鲁; 不体面; 下流; 有伤风化的行为: * arrested by the police for gross indecency, eg indecent exposure 因猥亵行为遭警方拘留（如猥亵露体）. 2 [C] indecent act, gesture, expression, etc 下流的 动作、 姿势、 表情等. indecently adv. 复合： in,decent ex`posure crime of showing one's sexual organs in public 猥亵露体（当众裸露性器官的犯罪行为）.

indecipherable
[7indi'saifrEbl; 7indi'saifrEbl] adj that cannot be deciphered 不可破译的; 不可辨识的: * an indecipherable code, signature, scribble, etc 不可破译的密码、 难以辨识的签字、 潦草莫辨的字迹.

indecision
[7indi'siVn; 7indi'siVEn] n [U] ~ (about sth) state of being unable to decide; hesitation 优柔寡断; 犹豫不决: * He stood outside the door in an agony of indecision. 他站在门外, 不知如何是好, 非常难受.

indecisive
[7indi'saisiv; 7indi'saisiv] adj (a) not final or conclusive 非最终的; 非决定性的: * an indecisive battle, answer, meeting 非决定性的战斗、 答覆、 会议. (b) unable to make decisions; hesitating; uncertain 无能力作决定的; 迟疑不决的; 不肯定的: * He's too indecisive to make a good leader. 他优柔寡断, 当不了好领导. > indecisively adv.

indecorous
[in'dekErEs; in'dekErEs] adj (fml 文) not in accordance with dignity, good manners or good taste 不合礼仪的; 失礼的; 不雅观的: * forced to make a hasty and indecorous departure without his trousers 他被迫离去, 慌忙中未穿裤子十分不雅. > indecorously adv.

indecorum
[7indi'kC:rEm; 7indi'kCrEm] n [U] (fml 文) improper or undignified behaviour; lack of decorum 不当的或不礼貌的行为; 不雅的举止.

indeed
[in'di:d; in'did] adv 1 truly; really; certainly 的确; 实在地; 确实. (a) (used to emphasize an affirmative reply 用以强调一肯定答覆的语气): * `Did he complain?’ `Indeed he did.’ ‘他抱怨了吗?’‘他当然抱怨了.’ * `Do you agree?’ `Yes indeed!’ ‘你同意了?’‘当然同意了!’ (b) (intensifying an adj, an adv or a n in an exclamation 在感叹句中加强形容词、 副词或名词的语气): * That is indeed remarkable! That is indeed a remarkable thing! 那可真了不起! 那真是了不起的事情! 2 (used after very + adj or adv to emphasize a statement, description, etc 用於very+形容词或副词之後以强调陈述、 描述等部分的语气) really 真正地; 实在地: * Thank you very much indeed! 确实非常感激您! * I was very sad indeed to hear about it. 我听到这件事, 确实非常难过. * a very big elephant indeed 很大的大象. 3 (fml 文) in fact 事实上; 实际上; 其实: * I don't mind. Indeed, I am delighted to help. 我不在乎. 其实, 我很乐於帮忙. * I was annoyed, indeed furious, over what happened. 出了这件事我很不痛快, 实际上是愤怒已极. 4 (as a comment or response 用作评语或回应语) (a) (expressing surprise, but not disbelief 表示惊讶, 但并非不信): * `I saw a ghost!’ `Indeed? Where was it?’ ‘我看见鬼了!’‘真的吗? 在哪儿呢?’ (b) (expressing disbelief and even scorn 表示不相信甚或轻蔑之意): * `A ghost indeed! I've never heard anything so ridiculous!’ ‘真是鬼! 我可从没听说过这种荒谬的事!’ (c) (showing interest of a critical or an ironical kind 表示挑剔的或反语的兴味): * `When will the weather improve?’ `When, indeed!’ ‘天气什麽时候能好转?’‘什麽时候? 没时候!’

indefatigable
[7indi'fAtigEbl; 7indi'fAtigEbl] adj (fml approv 文, 褒) never giving up or stopping in spite of tiredness or difficulty; tireless 不顾疲倦的; 不畏困难的; 不屈不挠的; 不懈的: * indefatigable workers 不知疲倦的工作者 * an indefatigable campaigner for civil rights 不屈不挠的民权运动人士.

indefensible
[7indi'fensEbl; 7indi'fensEbl] adj that cannot be defended, justified or excused 无法防守的;无可辩解的; 不可原谅的: * indefensible behaviour, rudeness,harshness, etc 不可原谅的行为、 粗暴表现、 苛刻态度. > indefensibly[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv: * indefensibly rude 粗鲁得不可原谅.

indefinable
[7indi'fainEbl; 7indi'fainEbl] adj that cannot be defined 不能下定义的; 不能解释的; 轮廓不清的: * an indefinable air of mystery 不可言状的神秘气氛. > indefinably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv.

indefinite
[in'definEt; in'defEnEt] adj 1 not clearly defined or stated; vague 不确定的; 不明确的; 模糊的: * He has rather indefinite views on the question. 他对该问题的看法颇暧昧. * He gave me an indefinite answer, ie neither `yes' nor `no'. 他给我的答覆模棱两可. 2 lasting an unspecified time 无限期的; （时间）不确定的: * She'll be away for an indefinite period. 她将离开一段时间, 何时回来未定. > indefinitely adv: * You may have to wait indefinitely. 你可能得无限期地等下去. 复合： in,definite `article (grammar) the word `a' or `an'不定冠词, 即a或an. Cf 参看 definite article (definite).

indelible
[in'delEbl; in'delEbl] adj (of marks, stains, ink, etc) that cannot be rubbed out or removed （指记号、 污迹、 墨迹等）擦不掉的, 难以去除的: * an indelible pencil, ie one that makes such marks 笔迹擦不掉的铅笔 * (fig 比喻) indelible shame 雪洗不掉的耻辱 * an indelible memory 无法磨灭的记忆. > indelibly[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv.

indelicate
[in'delikEt; in'delEkEt] adj (fml often euph文, 常作委婉语) (of a person, his speech, behaviour,etc) lacking in tact or refinement; rather rude or embarrassing （指人及言行等）不圆通的, 不文雅的, 颇粗鲁或令人难堪的: * indelicate remarks 粗鄙的言语 * It was indelicate of you to mention her marriage problems. 你提到她的婚姻难题, 这很失礼. 派生： indelicacy[-kEsi; -kEsi] n 1 [U] being indelicate 不圆通; 不文雅; 颇粗鲁或令人难堪. 2 [C] indelicate act, remark, etc 不圆通或不文雅的言行.

indemnify
[in'demnifai; in'demnE7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from/against sth) (law or commerce 律或商) promise to compensate sb for any harm he may suffer 保证赔偿或补偿某人可能受到的损失: * indemnify sb against harm, damage, loss, etc 向某人承担其万一受到伤害、 损害、 损失等时的赔偿. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth) (fml 文) repay sb (for sth) （为某事物）向某人赔偿, 补偿: * I undertook to indemnify them for expenses incurred on my behalf. 我负责偿还他们为我而用的全部花费. 派生： indemnification/in7demnifi'keiFn; in7demnEfE'keFEn] n (fml 文) 1 [U] indemnifying or being indemnified 赔偿; 补偿; 获得保障. 2 [C] thing given or received as compensation or repayment 赔偿物; 补偿金.

indemnity
[in'demnEti; in'demnEti] n 1 [U] ~ (against/for sth) guarantee against damage or loss; compensationfor these （为防遭伤害或损失的）保障, 保险, 补偿, 赔偿: * [attrib 作定语] an indemnity fund 赔偿基金. 2 [C] money, goods, etc given as compensation for damage or loss （为所遭伤害或损失而提供的）赔偿物、 钱、 货物等: * The victorious nations are demanding huge indemnitiesfrom their former enemies. 战胜国要求战败国交付巨额赔款.

indent
[in'dent; in'dent] v 1 [Tn] make a mark or set of marks (as if) by cutting into the edge or surface of (sth) （在物体边缘或面上）造成凹陷、 凹坑或缺口: * an indented (ie very irregular) coastline 犬牙交错的海岸线. 2 [I, Tn] start (a line of print or writing) further in from the margin than the other lines 缩进（排印或书写一行的前端）; 缩排; 缩格书写: * Please indent the first line of each paragraph. 请於每段第一行缩格书写. 3 [Ipr] ~ (on sb) for sth (commerce 商 esp Brit) make an official order for goods or stores 订购; 订货: * indent on the firm for new equipment, ie place an order for which the firm will pay 为公司订购新设备（订货由公司付款）. 派生： indent[5indent; 5indent] n (commerce 商 esp Brit) official order for stores or equipment （货物或设备）订货, 定单. indentation[7inden'teiFn; 7inden'teFEn] n 1 [U] indenting (indent 1, 2) or being indented 作凹坑或锯齿状; 缩进排印或书写. 2 [C] (a) ~ (in sth) mark made by indenting 凹陷; 凹坑; 缺口: * the deep indentations of the Norwegian coastline 挪威海岸线的犬牙交错状. (b) space left at the beginning of a line of print or writing （排印或书写的）行首空格.

indentures
[in'dentFEz; in'dentFlz] n [pl] (esp formerly) written contract according to which an apprentice works for and is trained by a particular employer （尤指旧时的）师徒合同. 派生： indenture v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (to sb) contract sb to work as an apprentice 与某人签订师徒合同将之收为学徒: His son was indentured to the local blacksmith. 他的儿子拜当地的铁匠为师签订了师徒合同.

independence
[7indi'pendEns; 7indi'pendEns] n [U] ~ (from sb/sth) state of being independent 独立; 自主; 自立: * young people who want independence from their parents 不想依赖父母的年轻人 * [attrib 作定语] independence celebrations, eg of a newly independent country 独立庆典（如新独立的国家的）. 复合： Inde`pendence Day 4 July, celebrated in the US as the anniversary of the day in 1776 on which the American colonies declared themselves independent of Britain 美国独立纪念日（7月4日, 美国国庆日, 纪念1776年脱离英国而独立之日）.

independent
[7indi'pendEnt; 7indi'pendEnt] adj 1 ~ (of sb/sth) not dependent (on other people or things); not controlled (by other people or things) 独立的; 自主的; 自立的: * old enough to be independent of one's parents 年岁已大不必依赖父母 * She never borrows anything; she's far too independent for that. 她从不向别人借东西, 她很有独立性. * Barbados was once a British colony, but now it's independent. 巴巴多斯曾是英国的殖民地, 现已独立. 2 ~ (of sb/sth) not connected with each other; separate 不相关联的; 单独的; 独自的; 分开的: * Two independent investigators have reached virtually the same conclusions. 两个调查人员各自做出的结论简直完全一致. 3 financed by private rather than government money 靠私人而非政府资助的; 私立的: * independent television 私营电视台 * the independent sector in education 私立的教育机构 * independent schools 私立学校. 4 not depending for its validity or operation on the thing(s) involved （不依附所涉及的事物）本身有效的或有作用的: * independent evidence, proof, etc 独立的证词、 证据等. 5 not unfairly influenced by the people who are involved; impartial 未受有关的人影响的; 无偏见的: * an independent witness, observer, etc 无偏见的证人、 观察者等 * We demand an independent inquiry into the government's handling of the affair. 我们要求对政府处理该事的情况作独立的调查. 派生： independent n (abbr 缩写 Ind) (politics 政) MP, candidate, etc who does not belong to a political party 无党派的议员、 候选人等: stand as an independent 作为无党派候选人. independently adv: Scientists in different countries, working independently of each other, have come up with very similar results. 各国科学家各自独立进行研究都得到了非常相似的结果. 复合： ,independent `means private income sufficiently large for one not to have to rely financially on anyoneelse 足以自给自足、 不必依赖他人的个人收入: a womanof independent means 靠个人收入生活的女子.

indescribable
[7indi'skraibEbl; 7indi'skraibEbl] adj too bad or good to be described （好得或坏得）难以形容的: * indescribable squalor 难以描述的污秽. > indescribably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv: * indescribably beautiful, awful, filthy, etc 美丽得、 糟糕得、 肮脏得...无法形容.

indestructible
[7indi'strQktEbl; 7indi'strQktEbl] adj that cannot be destroyed 不可毁灭的; 不能损坏的: * Furniture for young children needs to be indestructible. 幼儿用的家具须不易损坏. * (fig joc 比喻, 谑) I'm pretty indestructible; it takes more than a bout of flu to lay me low. 我身体很壮, 得一次流感不致於躺下. > indestructibility[7indi7strQktE'bilEti; 7indi7strQktE'bilEti] n [U].

indeterminable
[7indi'tE:minEbl; 7indi'tEminEbl] adj (fml 文) that cannot be decided or settled 无法决定的; 无法解决的.

indeterminate
[7indi'tE:minEt; 7indi'tEmEnEt] adj (a) not fixed or exact; vague; indefinite 不固定的; 不确切的; 未限定的; 模糊的: * a sort of indeterminate colour, half-way between grey and brown 一种介於灰色与棕色之间说不清的颜色. (b) (mathematics 数) of no fixed value 数值不定的; 未定元的: * an indeterminate quantity 不定量. > indeterminacy[-nEsi; -nEsi] n [U].

index
[5indeks; 5indeks] n (pl ~es复数作indexes; in sense 2, ~es or indices[5indisi:z; 5indE7siz] 用於下述第2义时复数作indexes或indices; in sense 3, indices 用於下述第3义时复数作indices) 1 (a) list of names or topics referred to in a book, etc, usu arranged at the end in alphabetical order 索引. (b) (also `card index) set of names, book titles, etc filed on cards, usu in alphabetical order (eg in a library) 卡片索引（如图书馆中的）. 2 (a) figure showing the relative level of prices or wages compared with that of a previous date （物价或工资的）指数: * the cost-of-`living index 生活费用指数. (b) ~ (of sth) (fig 比喻) thing that is a sign of sth else, esp because it increases or decreases proportionately; measure 标志; 表徵; 量度: * The increasing sale of luxury goods is an index of the country's prosperity. 奢侈商品销售量日增是该国繁荣的标志. 3 (mathematics 数) small number or letter showing how many times a quantity is to be multiplied by itself; exponent 指数; 幂: * In b3n + x, 3 and n are indices. 在b3n + x式中, 3和n是指数. 派生： index v 1 (a) [Tn] make an index for (sth) 为（某事物）编索引: The book is not well indexed. 这部书索引做得不好. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in sth) enter sth in an index 将某事物编入索引: index all the quoted names in a book 把书中提到的所有人名编入索引. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sth) link (wages, pensions, etc) to increases in prices, etc 将（工资、 养老金等）与物价等的上涨相联系. indexation[7indek'seiFn; 7indek'seFEn] n [U] indexing (index v 2) of wages, pensions, etc （工资、 养老金等的）调整指数, 指数化. 复合： `index finger n finger next to the thumb, used for pointing 食指. =>illus at hand 见hand插图. `index-linked adj (of wages, pensions, etc) increased according to increases in the cost of living （指工资、 养老金等）按生活指数调整的.

Indian
[5indiEn; 5indiEn] n, adj 1 (native or inhabitant) of the Republic of India 印度共和国的（土着或居民）; 印度的; 印度人. 2 = American Indian (American): * an Indian ceremony, encampment 印第安人的仪式、 营地. 3 (idm 习语) Indian/single file => file3. an ,Indian `summer (a) period of calm dry sunny weather in late autumn 小阳春, 秋老虎（深秋时平和、 乾燥、 阳光充足的天气）. (b) (fig 比喻) period of late success or improvement 迟来的成功或改进时期. 复合： ,Indian `club bottle-shaped object for use in juggling, gymnastic exercises, etc 瓶状棒（用於杂耍、 体操等的）. ,Indian `corn maize 玉蜀黍; 玉米. ,Indian `hemp = cannabis. ,Indian `ink thick black ink, used esp for drawing 墨; 墨汁.

indiarubber
[7indiE'rQbE(r); 7indiE'rQbl] n piece of rubber for removing pencil or ink marks; eraser （擦掉字迹用的）橡皮.

indicate
[5indikeit; 5indE7ket] v 1 (a) [Tn, Tf, Tw, Dn.pr, Dpr.f, Dpr.w] ~ sth (to sb) show sth, esp by pointing 指示; 指出; 标示: * a sign indicating the right road to follow 指示应走道路的标记 * With a nod of his head he indicated to me where I should sit. 他点头示意我应坐的地方. (b) [Tn, Tf, Tw] be a sign of (sth); suggest the possibility or probability of 象徵（某事物）; 表明或暗示...的可能性: * A red sky at night indicates fine weather the following day/indicates that the following day will be fine. 晚上天边红预示明朝天气好. (c) [Tn] give (the specified reading or measurement) on a scale 在仪表盘上显示出（某读数、 量度）: * The speedometer was indicating 95 mph. 速度计指示着每小时95英里. 2 [Tn, Tf, Tw, Dn.pr, Dp.rf, Dp.rw] ~ sth (to sb) state sth briefly or indirectly （简要或间接）表示某事物: * The minister has indicated that he may resign next year. 该大臣已示意他明年可能辞职. * She has not indicated how she proposes to react. 她未表示打算做何回应. 3 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] show the need for or advisability of (sth); call for 显示需要（某事物）; 显示（某事物）可取; 要求: * With the government's failure to solve the problem of unemployment, a fresh approach is indicated. 鉴於政府未能处理好失业问题, 有必要采取新的措施. * a diagnosis of advanced cancer indicating an emergency operation 诊断为晚期癌症, 急需动手术. 4 [I, Tf] signal that one's vehicle is going to change direction 发出改变行车方向的信号: * Why don't you indicate! 你为什麽不打信号! * He indicated that he was turning right, but then he turned left! 他发出右转信号, 却突然向左转了! 派生： indication[7indi'keiFn; 7indE'keFEn] n 1 [U] indicating or being indicated 指示; 指标; 象徵; 预示. 2 [C, U] ~ (of sth/doing sth); ~ (as to sth/that...) remark, gesture, sign, etc that indicates sth 表示某种意 思的言语、 姿势、 记号等:

indicate1
* She gave no indication of having heard us. 看不出她听见我们的声音了. * Can you give me some indication as to your intentions? 你究竟是什麽用意, 能向我透露一点吗? * There are indications that the situation may be improving. 有迹象表明情况可能好转.

indicative
[in'dikEtiv; in'dikEtiv] adj 1 (grammar) stating a fact or asking questions of fact 陈述的: * the indicative mood 陈述语气. Cf 参看 imperative 3, infinitive, subjunctive. 2 [pred 作表语] ~ of sth/that... (fml 文) showing or suggesting sth 表示或暗示某事物: * Is a large head indicative of high intelligence? 头部大是不是表示智慧高? * Their failure to act is indicative of their lack of interest/indicative that they have no interest in the problem. 他们没采取行动, 表明他们对这个问题不感兴趣.

indicator
[5indikeitE(r); 5indE7ketl] n 1 person or thing that points out or gives information (eg a pointer or needle on a machine showing speed or pressure, etc) 指示者; 指示器; 指针: * Litmus paper can be used as an indicator of the presence of acid in a solution. 石蕊试纸可用以测试溶液是否含酸. 2 board giving up-to-date information about times of arrival or departure of trains, aircraft, etc （表示火车、 飞机等往来时刻的）指示牌: * a `train indicator 列车时刻指示牌 * an ar`rivalsindicator 到达时刻指示牌. 3 device (esp a flashing light) on a vehicle showing that it is about to change direction （车辆的）方向指示装置（尤指闪动的灯光）: * a `traffic-indicator 方向指示器 * His left-hand/right-hand indicator is flashing. 他的左[右]信号灯在闪动. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xii.

indict
[in'dait; in'dait] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth) (law 律) accuse sb officially (of sth); charge sb （就某事）控告、 起诉或告发某人: * He was indicted for murder/on three counts of murder. 他被控杀人[叁项谋杀罪]. 派生： indictable adj for which one may be indicted 可被控告或起诉的: indictable offences, ie that may be tried by a jury 可起诉的刑事罪（可由陪审团裁决的）. indictment n 1 [C] (a) ~ (against sb) written statement that indicts sb 起诉书; 诉状: bring in an indictment against sb 控告某人. (b) ~ of sb/sth (fig 比喻) reason for condemning sb/sth 谴责某人[某事物]的原因: The rise in delinquency is an indictment of our society and its values. 为非作歹现象有增无已, 这是对我们的社会及其价值观的控诉. 2 [U] indicting or being indicted 控诉; 控告.

indifference
[in'difrEns; in'difrEns] n [U] ~ (to sb/sth) state of being indifferent; absence of interest, feeling or reaction 漠不关心; 冷淡; 无兴趣、 感觉或反应: * He treated my request with indifference. 他对我的请求置若罔闻. * It's a matter of complete indifference to me, ie I do not care about it. 这件事对我来说完全无所谓. * her indifference to their appeals 她对他们的请求所抱的漠不关心的态度.

indifferent
[in'difrEnt; in'difrEnt] adj 1 [usu pred 通常作表语] ~ (to sb/sth) having no interest in sb/sth; neither for nor against sb/sth; not caring about sb/sth 不感兴趣; 不置可否; 漠不关心; 满不在乎: * How can you be indifferent to the sufferings of starving people? 你怎能对饥民的疾苦无动於衷呢? * explorers indifferent to the dangers of their journey 把征途上的危险置之度外的探险家. 2 of rather low quality or ability 质量或能力低的: * an indifferent book, wine, meal 质量低劣的书、 果酒、 饭食 * a very indifferent athlete 极差的运动员. > indifferently adv: * He nodded indifferently. 他漠然地点点头. * The team played indifferently today. 今天这个队表现很糟.

indigenous
[in'didVinEs; in'didVEnEs] adj ~ (to sth) (fml 文) belonging naturally (to a place); native 本地的; 土产的; 当地的; 土生土长的: * Kangaroos are indigenousto Australia. 袋鼠产於澳大利亚. * the indigenous language, culture, etc, ie of the people regarded as the original inhabitants of an area 本地的语言、 文化等.

indigent
[5indidVEnt; 5indEdVEnt] adj (fml 文) poor 贫穷的. 派生： indigence[-Ens; -Ens] n [U] (fml 文) poverty 贫穷.

indigestible
[7indi'dVestEbl; 7indE'dVestEbl] adj difficultor impossible to digest 难消化的; 不能消化的: * Fried onions can be indigestible. 炸洋葱有时很难消化. * (fig 比喻) indigestible statistics, ie hard to understand 难懂的统计资料. > indigestibility[7indi7dVestE'bilEti;7indE7dVestE'bilEti] n [U].

indigestion
[7indi'dVestFEn; 7indE'dVestFEn] n [U] (pain from) difficulty in digesting food 不消化; 消化不良症: * suffer from indigestion 患消化不良症 * have an attack of indigestion 消化不良发作 * [attrib 作定语] indigestion pills/tablets, ie taken to cure indigestion 治消化不良的药丸[药片].

indignant
[in'dignEnt; in'dignEnt] adj ~ (with sb)[(at/over/about sth) angry and scornful, esp at injustice or because of undeserved blame, etc 愤慨的, 愤怒的（尤指对不公正或冤屈之事）: * She was most indignant with me when I suggested she might try a little harder. 我建议她不妨再努力一些, 她竟大为恼火. * He was terribly indignant at what he saw as false accusations. 他认为那些指责皆属不实之词, 因而十分气愤. > indignantly adv.

indignation
[7indig'neiFn; 7indig'neFEn] n [U] ~ (against sb)[(at/over/about sth) anger caused by sth thought to be unjust, unfair, etc （对不公正的事激起的）愤慨, 愤怒: * general indignation at the sudden steep rise in bus fares 公共汽车票价突然猛增激起的公愤 * arouse sb's indignation 激起某人的愤懑 * Much to my indignation, he sat down in my seat. 我生气的是他坐在我的座位上. * righteous indignation, ie which one considers appropriate and justified (but others usu do not) 仗义的愤慨（自觉义愤填膺而别人通常不这样认为的）.

indignity
[in'dignEti; in'dignEti] n 1 [U] rude or unworthy treatment causing shame or loss of respect 侮辱; 轻蔑: * be subjected to indignity and humiliation 受到侮慢和羞辱. 2 [C] thing said or done that humiliates sb 侮辱性的言行: * The highjackers inflicted all kinds of indignities on their captives. 劫持者对人质百般侮辱.

indigo
[5indigEu; 5indi7go] n [U] 1 deep blue dye (obtained from plants) 靛, 靛青, 靛蓝（自植物中提取的颜料）. 2 its colour (in the spectrum between blue and violet) 靛蓝色: * a tropical night sky of deepest indigo 靛蓝色的热带夜空. =>illus at spectrum 见spectrum插图.

indirect
[7indi'rekt, -dai'r-; 7indE'rekt, -dai'r-] adj 1 not going in a straight line; circuitous 非直接的; 间接的; 迂回的: * an indirect route 迂回的路线 * indirect lighting, ie by reflected light 间接照明（利用反光的）. 2 avoiding direct or explicit mention of a topic; allusive 闪烁其词的; 不直截了当的: * make an indirect reference to sth 暗示某事 * an indirect answer to a question 对问题的非正面回答. 3 not primary or immediate; not directly aimed at sth; secondary 非直接相关的; 次要的: * an indirect cause, reason, result 次要的原因、 理由、 结果. Cf 参看 direct. > indirectly adv. indirectness n [U]. 复合： ,indirect `object (grammar) additional object of certain verbs which refers to the person or thing that an action is done to or for, eg him (= to him) in Give him the money 间接宾语（如在Give him the money一句中的him即是, him = to him）. Cf 参看 object1 5. ,indirect `question (grammar) question in indirect speech 间接疑问句. ,indirect `speech (also reported speech) (grammar) reporting of what sb has said (as compared with direct reproduction of sb's words) 间接引语: In indirect speech, `He said, ``I will come'’’ becomes `He said he would come.’ ‘他说: 钚我要来.馶’在间接引语中变成‘他说他要来.’ `indirect tax tax that is not paid directly to the government but as an extra amount added to the price of certain goods 间接税（非直接向政府缴纳的, 而是将之加在某些商品的销售价上）.

indiscernible
[7indi'sE:nEbl; 7indi'sEnEbl] adj that cannot be discerned 不能识别的; 辨别不清的: * an indiscernible difference 难以辨别的差异.

indiscipline
[in'disiplin; in'disEplin] n [U] lack of discipline; unruliness 无纪律; 缺乏管教; 无秩序.

indiscreet
[7indi'skri:t; 7indi'skrit] adj too open in what one says or does; lacking tact or caution 不稳重的; 不审慎的; 轻率的; 不策略的: * Don't tell her any secrets; she's so indiscreet. 什麽秘密都不要告诉她, 她很不稳重. * One indiscreet remark at the wrong moment could ruin the whole plan. 若时机不当, 一言不慎, 可能毁掉整个计画. 派生： indiscreetly adv. indiscretion[7indi'skreFn; 7indi'skreFEn] n 1 [U] indiscreet conduct; lack of discretion 轻率的行为; 不谨慎的言行. 2 [C] (a) indiscreet remark or act 轻率的言行. (b) offence against social conventions （违反社会准则的）过失: * committing youthful indiscretions 犯年轻人的不检点的错误.

indiscriminate
[7indi'skriminEt; 7indi'skrimEnEt] adj (a) ~ (in sth) acting without careful judgement 不加鉴别的; 不加分析的: * indiscriminate in his choice of friends （他）择友不慎重. (b) given or done without careful judgement, or at random 不加鉴别的; 任意而为的: * indiscriminate praise 随意的夸奖 * indiscriminate bombing of enemy targets, eg that might kill civilians as well as damage military sites 对敌方狂轰滥炸（如既毁军事据点, 又祸及平民）. > indiscriminately adv.

indispensable
[7indi'spensEbl; 7indi'spensEbl] adj ~ (to sb/sth); ~ (for sth/doing sth) that cannot be dispensed with; absolutely essential 不可缺少的; 必需的: * Air, food and water are indispensable to life. 空气、 食物、 水皆为生命不可或缺者. * A good dictionary is indispensable for learning a foreign language. 学习外语离不开好的词典.

indisposed
[7indi'spEuzd; 7indi'spozd] adj [pred 作表语] 1 (often euph 常作委婉语) (slightly) ill 有（小）病: * She has a headache and is indisposed. 她患头疼, 略感不适. 2 [pred 作表语] ~ to do sth (fml 文) not inclined or willing to do sth 不想做或无意做某事: * I felt indisposed to help him. 我不愿意帮助他. 派生： indisposition[7indispE'ziFn; 7indispE'ziFEn] n [C, U] 1 (often euph 常作委婉语) slight illness; ill health 微恙; 不健康. 2 ~ to do sth (fml 文) feeling of unwillingness or disinclination to do sth 不乐意或不情愿做某事.

indisputable
[7indi'spju:tEbl; 7indi'spjutEbl] adj that cannot be disputed or denied 不可争辩的; 不容置疑的; 无可否认的. > indisputably adv: * indisputably the best tennis player in the world 世界上无疑最好的网球运动员.

indissoluble
[7indi'sCljubl; 7indi'saljubl] adj (fml 文) that cannot be dissolved or broken up; firm and lasting 不可溶解的; 不可分解的; 牢固持久的: * indissoluble bonds of friendship between the two men 这两个人之间牢不可破的友谊 * The Roman Catholic Church regards marriage as indissoluble. 天主教会认为婚姻关系是不容解除的. > indissolubility[7indi7sClju'bilEti;7indi'salju'bilEti] n [U]. indissolubly[7indi'sCljubli;7indi'saljubli] adv.

indistinct
[7indi'stiNkt; 7indi'stiNkt] adj not distinct; vague 不清楚的; 模糊的: * indistinct speech 含糊的讲话 * indistinct sounds, memories 不清晰的声音、 记忆. > indistinctly adv. indistinctness n [U].

indistinguishable
[7indi'stiNgwiFEbl; 7indi'stiNgwiFEbl] adj ~ (from sth) that cannot be identified as different or distinct; (virtually) identical 不能区别的; 无法辨别的; （实际上）完全相同的: * Its colour makes the moth indistinguishable from the branch it rests on. 这蛾子停在树枝上, 其颜色和树枝几不可辨. > indistinguishably[-EblI; -EblI/ adv.

indium
[5indiEm; 5indiEm] n [U] (chemistry 化) soft silvery metallic element found in small quantities in zincores and used to make transistors 铟 =>App 10 见附录10.

individual
[7indi'vidVuEl; 7indE'vidVuEl] adj 1 [attrib 作定语] (esp after each 尤用於each之後) single; separate 单独的; 个别的: * Each individual person is responsible for his own arrangements. 每人均须对自己的计画负责. 2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (a) of or for one person 一个人的; 供一个人用的: * food served in individual portions 按一人一份儿供给的食物 * It is difficult for a teacher to give individual attention to children in a large class. 教师在人数多的班上很难对各个学生都照顾到. (b) by or from one person 靠个人的; 来自个人的: * an individual effort, contribution, etc 个人的努力、 贡献等. Cf 参看 collective. 3 [usu attrib 通常作定语] characteristic of a single person, animal, plant or thing; particular （人、 动植物或事物）独特的, 特有的: * an individual style of dress 个人的衣着风格 * (approv 褒) He writes in a very individual way, ie an original way, not derived or imitative 他的写作方法别具一格（有独创方式, 不沿袭或模仿他人）. 派生： individual n 1 single human being 个人: the rights of an/the individual compared with those of society as a whole 针对社会整体权利而言的个人权利. 2 (infml 口) person of the specified sort 有某种特点的人: a pleasant, unpleasant, etc individual 和蔼可亲的、 讨人厌的...人 * What a strange individual! 多怪的家伙! 3 (approv or derog 褒或贬) unusual or eccentric person 不寻常的或古怪的人: He's quite an individual! 他是个十足的怪人! individually[-dVuEli; -dVuEli] adv separately; one by one 分别地; 各个地; 各自地: * speak to each member of a group individually 对组里每个人逐个地说.

individualism
[7indi'vidVuElizEm; 7indE'vidVuEl7izEm] n [U] 1 feeling or behaviour of a person who likes to do things his/her own way, regardless of what other people do （不管别人怎样做）只按个人方法行事的感觉或行为; 我行我素. 2 theory that favours free action and complete liberty of belief for each individual person (contrasted with the theory that favours the supremacy of the state) 个人主义. 派生： individualist[-Elist; -Elist] n 1 person who behaves with individualism(1) 我行我素的人: * a rugged individualist 豪爽的自行其是的人. 2 supporter of the theory of individualism(2) 个人主义者. individualistic[7indi7vidVuE'listik; 7indE7vidVuEl'istik] adj of individualism or its principles 我行我素的; 个人主义的. individualistically[-kli; -kli] adv.

individuality
[7indi7vidVu'AlEti; 7indE7vidVu'AlEti] n 1 [U] all the characteristics that belong to a particular person and that make him/her different from others 个性; 个人特徵: * a man of marked individuality 个性突出的男子 * the individuality of sb's work, style, etc 某人工作、 风格等的特色. 2 [U] state of separate existence 个人: * The state often presents a threat to individuality. 国家的利益往往对个人自由构成威胁. 3 individualities [pl] individual tastes, preferences, etc 个人的趣味、 爱好等: * cater for different people's individualities 迎合人们各式各样的爱好.

individualize, individualise
[7indi'vidVuElaiz; 7indE'vidVuEl7aiz] v 1 [Tn] give an individual, a distinct or a personal character to (sth); characterize; personalize 使（某事物）个性化、 具有个人特色或个体化: * Does your style of writing individualize your work? 你的写作风格是否体现在你的作品中了? * Prisoners try to individualize their cells by hanging up pictures, etc. 监犯在牢房里挂上了画片等东西, 都想营造些个人气氛. * individualized writing paper, ie made for a particular person with his/her address, etc printed on it 私人用笺（印有私人地址等的）. 2 [I, Tn] treat (sth) separately; specify; particularize对（某事物）个别对待; 指明; 个别列举.

indivisible
[7indi'vizEbl; 7indE'vizEbl] adj that cannot be divided 不可分割的. > indivisibility[7indi7vizi'bilEti; 7indE7vizE'bilEti] n [U]. indivisibly[7indi'vizEbli;7indE'vizEbli] adv.

Indo-
comb form 构词成分 Indian; of India 印度人; 印度的: the Indo-Pakistan border. 复合： Indo-European[7indEu7juErE'pi:En; 7indo7jurE'piEn] adj of the family of languages spoken originally in Europe and parts of western Asia (including eg English, French, German, Latin, Greek, Swedish, Hindi, etc) 印欧语系的（最初在欧洲和西亚部分地区说的语言, 包括英语、 法语、 德语、 拉丁语、 希腊语、 瑞典语、 印地语等）

indoctrinate
[in'dCktrineit; in'daktrin7et] v [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.t] ~ sb (with sth/against sb/sth) (usu derog 通常作贬义) cause sb to have (a particular set of beliefs), esp by teaching which excludes any other points of view 向某人灌输（学说或信仰）（尤指排斥其他观点的）: * teachers who indoctrinate children with antisocial theories 向儿童灌输反社会学说的教师 * a religious organization which indoctrinates young people against their parents/to disobey their parents 向年轻人灌输反对父母[不听父母话]的思想的宗教组织. 派生： indoctrination/in7dCktri5neiFn; in7daktri5neFEn] n [U] ~ (with/in/against sth) indoctrinating 灌输: * indoctrination of prisoners 对监犯进行的思想灌输 * indoctrination of converts in the ways of their new religion 向新皈依者灌输教义.

indolent
[5indElEnt; 5indElEnt] adj (fml 文) lazy; inactive 懒惰的; 不活跃的; 不活动的. > indolence[-Ens; -Ens/ n [U]. indolently adv.

indomitable
[in'dCmitEbl; in'damEtEbl] adj (fml approv 文, 褒) that cannot be subdued or defeated; unyielding 不可屈服的; 不可战胜的: * indomitable courage 大无畏的勇气 * an indomitable will 不屈不挠的意志. > indomitably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv.

indoor
[5indC:(r); 5in7dCr] adj [attrib 作定语] carried on or situated inside a building; used in or suitable for the inside of a building 在室内进行的或放置的; 使用於或适用於室内的: * indoor games, photography, activities 室内游戏、 摄影、 活动 * an indoor swimming-pool 室内游泳池 * indoor clothes 室内用的衣物. Cf 参看 outdoor.

indorse
= endorse.

indrawn
[7in'drC:n; 5in'drCn] adj [attrib 作定语] drawn in, esp inhaled 吸入的（尤指吸气）: * All that betrayed his surprise was a sharply indrawn breath. 他大大吸了一口气, 无意中流露出他吃了一惊.

indubitable
[in'dju:bitEbl; - -'du:-; in'dubitEbl] adj (fml 文) that cannot be doubted; without doubt 不容置疑的; 无可怀疑的. > indubitably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv: * That is indubitably the best course of action. 那无疑是上策.

induce
[in'dju:s; - -du:s; in'dus] v 1 [Cn.t] (a) persuade or influence (sb) to do sth 劝诱或促使（某人）做某事: * We couldn't induce the old lady to travel by air. 我们无法劝说那位老太太坐飞机去. (b) lead or cause (sb) to do sth 导致或使得（某人）做某事: * What induced you to do such a stupid thing? 是什麽促使你做出这等蠢事来的? 2 [Tn] (a) bring (sth) about; cause 引起或诱发（某事）; 产生; 造成: * illness induced by overwork 过劳造成的疾病. (b) (medical 医) cause (a woman) to begin (childbirth) by means of drugs 用药物为（孕妇）催产: * an induced labour 催生 * We'll have to induce her. 我们得给她引产. 派生： inducement n [C, U] ~ (to do sth) (a) that which persuades; incentive 引诱; 鼓励; 刺激; 诱因: They have little inducement to work harder. 他们没有什麽更加努力工作的好处. (b) (euph 婉) bribe; bribery 收买; 贿赂: offer sb an inducement 向某人行贿. inducible adj that can be induced 可诱导的; 可诱发的.

induct
[in'dQkt; in'dQkt] v [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.n/a] ~ sb (to/into/as sth) install sb formally or with ceremony in a position or an office; admit sb as a member of sth 使某人正式就职; 吸收某人为成员: * induct sb to/into the priesthood/as a priest 使某人就任牧师职位[任职牧师].

induction
[in'dQkFn; in'dQkFEn] n [U] 1 ~ (into sth/as sb/sth) inducting or being inducted; initiation 就职; 接纳会员; 成为会员: * the induction of new employees into their jobs 新雇员参加工作 * his induction as a priest 他之就任牧师 * [attrib 作定语] an induction course, ie to give a new employee, entrant, etc general knowledge of future activities, requirements, etc 入门课（向新雇员、 新成员等介绍情况、 要求等）. 2 inducing 诱导; 引发; 催产: * the induction of labour, ie in childbirth 引产（接生时的）. 3 method of logical reasoning which obtains or discovers general laws from particular facts or examples归纳法. Cf 参看 deduction 1. 4 (physics 物) productionof an electric or a magnetic state in an object (eg a circuit) by bringing an electrified or a magnetic object close to but not touching it, or by varying a magnetic field 电磁感应. 5 (engineering 工) drawing a fuel mixture into the cylinder(s) of an internal combustion engine 吸气, 进气（内燃机汽缸吸进油与空气混合物的工作过程）: * [attrib 作定语] a fuel-induction system 燃油进气系统. 复合： in`duction-coil n (physics 物) transformer for producing a high voltage from a low voltage 感应线圈. in`duction motor (physics 物) type of electric motor in which a magnetic field is created that produces an electric current 感应电动机.

inductive
[in'dQktiv; in'dQktiv] adj 1 (of logic, mathematics) based on induction （指逻辑学、 数学）归纳的, 归纳法的: * inductive reasoning 归纳推理. 2 (physics 物) of magnetic or electrical induction 电磁感应的. > inductively adv.

indulge
[in'dQldV; in'dQldV] v 1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ oneself/sb (with sth) allow oneself/sb to have whatever one/he likes or wants 放纵自己[某人]: * They indulge their child too much; it's bad for his character. 他们过分纵容孩子, 这对孩子的性格有不良影响. * I'm really going to indulge myself tonight with a bottle of champagne. 今天晚上我可真要放纵一下自己, 喝他一瓶香槟. (b) [Tn] (fml 文) allow (sb) to proceed without interrupting or hindering him 容许或迁就（某人）做要做的事: * If you will indulge me for one moment (ie allow me to continue to speak), I think I can explain the matter to you. 你要是容我把话说完, 我想我可以把此事给你解释清楚. 2 [Tn] satisfy (a perhaps unwarranted or illicit desire) 满足（可能为不正当的或不应有的愿望）: * Will you indulge my curiosity and tell me how much it cost? 你能不能满足我的好奇心, 告诉我那值多少钱? * She indulges his every whim. 她对他的怪念头有求必应. 3 [I, Ipr] ~ (in sth) allow oneself to enjoy the pleasure of sth 让自己尽情享受某事物: * I shall forget about dieting today. I'm just going to indulge, ie eat and drink what I like. 今天我要把节食计画置之脑後, 想吃什麽就吃什麽. * indulge in (the luxury of) a long hot bath （奢侈地）享受一下泡在浴缸里洗上半天热水澡的美滋味. 派生： indulgent[-Ent; -Ent] adj inclined to indulge 放纵的; 纵容的: * indulgent parents, ie parents who allow their children to have or do anything 纵容子女的父母. indulgently adv.

indulgence
[in'dQldVEns; in'dQldVEns] n 1 [U] state of being allowed whatever one wants 放纵; 纵容: * a life of (self-)indulgence, ie gratifying oneself （自我）放纵的生活 * If I may crave your indulgence for one moment... 祈蒙俯允赐时片刻.... 2 [U] ~ in sth (habit of) satisfying one's own desires 放纵, 任性（的习惯）: * Constant indulgence in bad habits brought about his ruin. 他长期耽於恶习, 结果毁了自己. 3 [C] thing in which a person indulges 嗜好; 爱好: * A cigar after dinner is my only indulgence. 饭後一枝雪茄是我唯一的嗜好. 4 (a) [U] (in the Roman Catholic Church) granting of freedom from punishment for sin （天主教会的）特赦; 赦免; 免罪. (b) [C] instance of this 特赦; 赦免; 免罪: * selling indulgences 出售赎罪券.

industrial
[in'dQstriEl; in'dQstriEl] adj 1 [attrib 作定语] of or engaged in industry 工业的; 产业的; 从事工业的: * industrial workers 产业工人 * industrial development 工业发展. 2 for use in industry 用於工业的: * industrialdiamonds 工业用金钢石. 3 having many well-developedindustries 工业发达的: * an industrial country, society, etc 工业发达的国家、 社会等 * the industrial areas of England 英格兰的工业地区. 派生： industrialism[-izEm; -7izEm] n social system in which large industries have an important part 工业主义, 产业主义（以大型工业为主的社会体制）. industrialist[-ist; -ist] n owner of a large industrial firm 工业家; 实业家. industrialize, -ise[-aiz; -7aiz] v [Tn] develop (a country or an area) extensively with industries 使（国家或地区）工业化: * the industrialized nations 工业化国家. industrialization, -isation/in7dQstriElai'zeiFn; --liz-; in7dQstriElE'zeFEn] n [U]. industrially[-Eli; -Eli] adv. 复合： in,dustrial `action refusing to work normally; striking 工业行动; 怠工; 罢工: take industrial action, ie strike 采取工业行动（罢工）. in,dustrial `alcohol alcohol for industrial use (not for drinking) 工业用酒精（非饮用的）. in,dustrial di`spute disagreement between workers and management 劳资纠纷. in,dustrial e`state area of land, usu on the edge of a town, containing factories 工业区（通常位於市郊）. Cf 参看 trading estate (trade2). in,dustrial re`lations dealings between employers and employees 劳资关系: setting up a combined workers/management committee to foster good industrial relations 为促进良好的劳资关系建立劳资联合委员会. the In,dustrial Revo`lution development of Britain and other western nations into industrial societies in the 18th and 19th centuries 工业革命, 产业革命（18及19世纪英国及其他西方国家转变为工业社会的发展过程）.

industrious
[in'dQstriEs; in'dQstriEs] adj hard-working; diligent 勤劳的; 勤奋的; 勤勉的. > industriously adv. industriousness n [U].

industry
[5indEstri; 5indEstri] n 1 [C, U] (a) (branch of) manufacture or production 制造或生产（的部门）; 工业; 企业; 行业: * Britain's coal industry 英国的煤炭工业 * heavy industry, ie producing large goods, eg steel or cars 重工业 * nationalized industries 国有化工业. (b) commercial undertaking that provides services （行）业（提供服务的商业性部门）: * the catering, hotel, tourist, entertainment, etc industry 饮食、 旅馆、 旅游、 娱乐等（行）业. 2 [U] (fml 文) quality of being hard-working 勤奋; 勤劳: * praise sb for his industry 赞扬某人勤奋 *The industry of these little ants is wonderful to behold. 这些小蚂蚁很勤奋, 看起来多奇妙. 3 (idm 习语) a captain of industry =>captain.

inebriated
[i'ni:brieitid; in'ibri7etid] adj [usu pred 通常作表语] (fml or joc 文或谑) drunk; intoxicated 喝醉; 醉醺醺: * (fig 比喻) inebriated (ie uncontrollably excited) by his success 他因成功而陶醉. 派生： inebriate/i'ni:briEt; in'ibriEt] adj, n (fml 文) habitually drunk (person) 醉醺醺的; 酒徒; 酒鬼. inebriation/i7ni:bri5eiFn; in7ibri5eFEn] n [U] (fml or joc 文或谑) drunkenness 醉; 酒醉.

inedible
[in'edibl; in'edEbl] adj (fml 文) not suitable to be eaten 不宜食用的; 不能吃的: * The fish was quite inedible. 这种鱼完全不宜食用. Cf 参看 uneatable.

ineffable
[in'efEbl; in'efEbl] adj (fml 文) too great to be described in words 不可言喻的; 难用言语表达的; 不可言状的: * ineffable joy, beauty, etc 难以形容的喜悦、 美丽等. > ineffably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv.

ineffective
[7ini'fektiv; 7inE'fektiv] adj not producing the required effect(s) 不起作用的; 无效果的; 效果不佳的: * use ineffective methods 使用无效的方法 * She is totally ineffective as a teacher, ie She cannot teach satisfactorily. 她当老师全然不称职. > ineffectively adv. ineffectiveness n [U].

ineffectual
[7ini'fektFuEl; 7inE'fektFuEl] adj lacking confidence and unable to get things done; without effect 信心不足而又无能为力的; 无效的; 不起作用的: * make ineffectual attempts to do sth 徒然尝试做某事 * ineffectual as a leader, teacher, etc 作领袖、 作教师等不能胜任的 * a well-meaning but ineffectual person 心有馀而力不足的人. > ineffectually[-tFuEli; -tFuEli] adv.

inefficient
[7ini'fiFnt; 7inE'fiFEnt] adj 1 (of a machine, process, etc) not producing adequate results; wasteful （指机器、 方法等）无效率的, 无效果的, 效率低的, 不经济的: * an inefficient system, method, use of resources, etc 不经济的体制、 方法、 资源利用等. 2 (of a person) wasting time, energy, etc in what one does, and therefore failing to do it well or quickly enough （指人）做事效率低的, 能力差的, 不称职的: * dismissed for being inefficient 因效率低遭辞退 * an inefficient management, administration, body of workers, etc 效率低的经理人员、 行政机构、 一群工人等. > inefficiency[-nsi; -Ensi] n [U]: * dismissed for inefficiency 因能力差遭解雇. inefficiently adv.

inelastic
[7ini'lAstik; 7ini'lAstik] adj not flexible or adaptable; unyielding 无弹性的; 无适应性的; 无伸缩性的: * (fig 比喻) This timetable is too inelastic. You must allow for possible modifications. 这个时间表太死了, 你总得留有馀地吧.

inelegant
[7in'eligEnt; in'elEgEnt] adj not graceful or refined; ugly 不优美的; 不雅的; 不精致的; 丑陋的: * an inelegant gesture, reply 有失风雅的姿势、 答覆. > inelegance[-Ens; -Ens] n [U]. inelegantly adv.

ineligible
[in'elidVEbl; in'elidVEbl] adj ~ (for sth/to do sth) not having the appropriate or necessary qualifications (for sth) 不合格的; 无资格的: * ineligible for the job, for promotion 无资格做该项工作、 晋升 * Any person under the age of 18 is ineligible for benefit.未满18岁者无资格领取补助金. > ineligibility/ In9elIdVE5bIlEtI; In9ZlIdVE`bIlEtI/ n [U].

ineluctable
[7ini'lQktEbl; 7ini'lQktEbl] adj (fml 文) that cannot be escaped from 不可避免的; 难免的: * the victim of ineluctable fate 难逃厄运的牺牲品. > ineluctably[-EblI; -EblI/ adv.

inept
[i'nept; in'ept] adj (a) ~ (at sth/doing sth) completely unskilful (at sth) 不熟练的; 不擅长的: * I've never heard anyone so inept at making speeches. 我从未听说过有这样不会讲话的人. * His inept handling of a minor problem turned it into a major crisis. 他处理不善使小事变大了. (b) said or done at the wrong time; not appropriate or tactful 不合适的; 不恰当的; 不策略的: * an inept remark 不当的言语. 派生： ineptitude/i'neptitju:d; - -tu:d; in'eptE7tud] n (a) [U] quality of being inept 不熟练; 不适宜. (b) [C] inept action, remark, etc 不当的言行等. ineptly adv.

inequality
[7ini'kwClEti; 7ini'kwalEti] n (a) [U] lack of equality in size, degree, circumstances, etc, esp unfair difference in rank, wealth, opportunity, etc （大小、 程度、 环境等）不均等, 不平等, 不平衡, 不等量（尤指等级、 财富、 机会等的不公平差异）: * fight against political, racial, etc inequality 反对政治的、 种族的...不平等. (b) [C] instance of this 不平等; 不均等; 不平衡: * Inequalities in wealth cause social unrest. 贫富不均可造成社会动荡.

inequitable
[in'ekwitEbl; in'ekwitEbl] adj (fml 文) unjust; unfair 不公正的; 不公平的: * an inequitable divisionof the profits 利润之不公平分配. > inequitably[-EblI; -EblI/ adv.

inequity
[in'ekwEti; in'ekwEti] n (fml 文) (a) [U] injustice or unfairness 不公正; 不公平: * the inequity of the system 制度的不公正. (b) [C] instance of this 不公正; 不公平.

ineradicable
[7ini'rAdikEbl; 7ini'rAdikEbl] adj (esp of sth bad) that cannot be got rid of; firmly and deeply established （尤指坏事）不能根除的, 根深蒂固的, 积重难返的: * ineradicable faults, failings, prejudices, etc 不能根除的缺点、 过失、 成见等. > ineradicably[-Ebli;-Ebli] adv.

inert
[i'nE:t; in'Et] adj 1 without power to move or act 无行动或活动能力的: * She lay there inert; I thought she must be dead. 她躺在那儿一动不动, 我想她一定死了. * (physics 物) inert matter 惰性物质. 2 (derog 贬) heavy and slow in action, thought, etc; without vigour 迟钝的; 迟缓的; 呆滞的: * an inert management team 死气沉沉的管理阶层. > inertly adv. inertness n [U]. 复合： i,nert `gas gas (eg helium, neon) that does not react chemically with other substances 惰性气体.

inertia
[i'nE:FE; in'EFE] n [U] 1 (usu derog 通常作贬义) (a) lack of vigour; lethargy 无活力; 迟钝: * I'm unable to throw off this feeling of inertia. 我无法摆脱这种懒散的感觉. (b) tendency to remain unchanged 惰性; 保守: * Because of the sheer inertia of the system many badly needed reforms were never introduced. 纯粹是由於制度本身有惰性, 很多事急需改革却从未实行. 2 (physics 物) property of matter by which it remains in a state of rest or, if in motion, continues moving in a straight line, unless acted upon by an external force 惯性. 派生： inertial/i'nE:Fl; in'EFEl] adj of or by inertia 惯性的: * a missile's inertial guidance system 导弹惯性制导系统. 复合： i,nertia `reel type of reel round which one end of a safety-belt is wound so that the belt will tighten automatically over the wearer if it is pulled suddenly 惯性卷筒（安全带伸缩装置, 突然受力时可自动 紧以保护使用者）. i,nertia `seat-belt seat-belt incorporating an inertia reel 惯性卷筒式座位安全带. i,nertia `selling (esp Brit) sending of goods to a person who has not ordered them, in the hope that he will not refuse them and will therefore later have to pay for them 惯性销售（将货物送至未订购者处, 希不遭退货而成交, 事後清帐）.

inescapable
[7ini'skeipEbl; 7inE'skepEbl] adj that cannot be avoided; inevitable 不可逃避的; 不可避免的;难免的; 免不了的: * be forced to the inescapable conclusionthat he is a liar 只能作出舍此无他的结论, 他撒谎了. > inescapably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv.

inestimable
[in'estimEbl; in'estEmEbl] adj (fml 文) too great, precious, etc to be estimated （因过大、 过於贵重等）难以估量的, 无法评价的: * The value of your assistance is inestimable. 阁下鼎力相助之功不可胜言. > inestimably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv.

inevitable
[in'evitEbl; in'evEtEbl] adj 1 that cannot be avoided; that is sure to happen 不可避免的; 必然发生的; 难免的: * an inevitable disaster 不可避免的灾难 * It seems inevitable that they'll lose. 看来他们的败局是势不可免了. 2 [attrib 作定语] (infml often joc 口, 常作戏谑语) so frequently seen, heard, etc that it is familiar and expected 在意料中的; 熟悉的; 惯常的: * a tourist with his inevitable camera 惯常带着照相机的游客. 派生： inevitability/in7evitE'bilEti; 7inevEtE'bilEti] n [U]. the inevitable n [sing] that which is inevitable 不可避免的事物; 必然性: accept the inevitable 承受不可避免的事物. inevitably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv as is or was sure to happen 不可避免地; 必然地: * The train was inevitably delayed by the accident. 火车不可避免地受到这事故的耽误.

inexact
[7inig'zAkt; 7inig'zAkt] adj not exact or precise 不准确的; 不精确的; 不严谨的: * Weather forecasting is an inexact science. 天气预报是一门模糊的科学. 派生： inexactitude[7inig'zAktitju:d; - -titu:d; 7inig'zAktE7tud] n (a) [U] being inexact 不准确; 不精确. (b) [C] instance of this 不准确; 不精确: * (joc euph 谑, 婉) a terminological inexactitude, ie a lie 术语误差（即谎言）.

inexcusable
[7inik'skju:zEbl; 7inik'skjuzEbl] adj too bad to be excused 不可原谅的; 不可宽恕的; 不可辩解的: * inexcusable conduct, delays, inefficiency 不可原谅的行为、 耽搁、 低效率. > inexcusably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv: * inexcusably rude, late, etc 粗暴得、 迟迟未到...难以容忍.

inexhaustible
[7inig'zC:stEbl; 7inig'zCstEbl] adj that will always continue; that cannot be used up 无穷尽的; 用不完的: * an inexhaustible supply of sth 某物源源不绝的供应 * My patience is not inexhaustible, ie I will eventually become angry or impatient. 我的耐心是有限度的. > inexhaustibly[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv.

inexorable
[in'eksErEbl; in'eksErEbl] adj continuing unstoppably; relentless 不可阻挡的; 坚持不懈的; 无情的: * inexorable demands, pressures, etc 无可变更的要求、 无情的压力 * the inexorable march of progress 势不可挡的进展. > inexorability/in7eksErE'bilEti; in7eksErE'bilEti] n [U]. inexorably/in'eksErEbli; in'eksErEbli] adv.

inexpedient
[7inik'spi:diEnt; 7inik'spidiEnt] adj (fml 文) not serving a useful purpose; unwise; not expedient 不合宜的; 失策的; 不明智的: * It would be inexpedient to inform them at this stage. 在目前阶段就通知他们很不妥当. > inexpediency[-Ensi; -Ensi] n [U].

inexpensive
[7inik'spensiv; 7inik'spensiv] adj low priced; not expensive 价廉的; 不贵的. > inexpensively adv.

inexperience
[7inik'spiEriEns; 7inik'spiriEns] n [U] ~ (in sth) lack of experience 无经验; 缺乏经验: * failure due to inexperience 因无经验而失败 * You must forgive my inexperience in these matters. 我在这些事情上没有经验, 你得多包涵. 派生： inexperienced adj ~ (in sth) lacking experience 无经验的; 缺乏经验的: inexperienced in love, business, negotiation 在恋爱、 经商、 谈判方面无经验.

inexpert
[in'ekspE:t; in'ekspEt] adj ~ (at sth) unskilled不熟练的; 无技巧的: * inexpert advice, guidance, etc 不在行的劝告、 指导等. > inexpertly adv: * an inexpertly executed stroke 不熟练地一击.

inexpiable
[in'ekspiEbl; in'ekspiEbl] adj (fml 文) (of an offence) so bad that nothing one can do can make up for it; that cannot be expiated （指罪过）不能自赎的, 不可抵偿的.

inexplicable
[7inik'splikEbl; 7inik'splikEbl] adj that cannot be explained 无法解释的: * an inexplicable phenomenon 神秘莫测的现象. > inexplicability/ 9InIk9splIkE5bIlEtI; 9InIk9splIkE`bIlEtI/ n [U]. inexplicably/ 9InIk5splIkEblI; 9InIk`splIkEblI/ adv: * Inexplicably, she never turned up. 令人不解的是, 她从未露面.

inexpressible
[7inik'spresEbl; 7inik'spresEbl] adj too great to be expressed in words 无法用言语表达的: * inexpressible sorrow, anguish, joy, etc 难以形容的悲哀、 痛苦、 喜悦等. > inexpressibly[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv: * inexpressibly sad 悲伤得无法用言语表达.

inextinguishable
[7inik'stiNgwiFEbl; 7inik'stiNgwiFEbl] adj (fml 文) that cannot be extinguished or put out 不能熄灭或扑灭的: * the inextinguishable flame of liberty 不可扑灭的自由之火 * (fig 比喻) inextinguishable hope, love, desire, etc 不可遏止的希望、 爱情、 欲望等. > inextinguishably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv.

inextricable
[ 9InIk5strIkEbl, In5ekstrIkEbl; 9InIk`strIkEbl,In`ZkstrIkEbl] adj 1 so closely linked that separation is impossible 无法分开的: * In the Middle Ages, philosophy and theology were inextricable. 在中世纪, 哲学与神学是不分的. 2 that cannot be escaped from 不能逃避的:inextricable difficulties 无法避免的困难. > inextricablyadv: * Her career was inextricably linked with his. 她的事业是和他的事业紧密联系在一起的.

inf
abbr 缩写 = below; further on (in a book, etc) (Latin infra) 在下面, （书等的）下文（源自拉丁文infra）. Cf 参看 sup abbr 缩写.

infallible
[in'fAlEbl; in'fAlEbl] adj 1 incapable of making mistakes or doing wrong 不会犯错误的; 不可能错的; 无过失的: * None of us is infallible. 我们无人不犯错误. 2 extremely accurate 极准确的; 极精确的: * a journalist with an infallible nose (ie instinct) for a story 触角敏锐的新闻记者. 3 never failing; always effective 绝对可靠的; 永远有效的; 万无一失的: * an infallible remedy, cure, method, test 万无一失的处方、 妙药、 方法、 试验. 派生： infallibility/in7fAlE'bilEti; in7fAlE'bilEti] n [U] 1 complete freedom from the possibility of being wrong 绝对正确; 断无错误: * the doctrine of Papal infallibility 教皇无谬说的教义. 2 absolute certainty of effectiveness 绝对有效: * I can't claim infallibility for this method. 我不敢说这方法绝对有效. infallibly[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv 1 in a manner that cannot fail 不可能错地; 万无一失地: * infallibly accurate 绝对准确. 2 without exception; always 毫无例外地; 总是; 永远: * Every day she arrives, infallibly, five minutes late. I could time my watch by her! 她每天晚到五分钟, 从无例外, 我都能依照她来对表!

infamous
[5infEmEs; 5infEmEs] adj 1 ~ (for sth) well-known as being wicked or immoral; notorious 声名狼藉的; 恶名昭着的: * an infamous traitor 臭名昭彰的叛徒 * a king infamous for his cruelty 以残暴而臭名远扬的国王. 2 (fml 文) wicked; disgraceful 邪恶的; 无耻的; 丢脸的: * his infamous treatment of her 他对她恶毒的虐待. 派生： infamously adv. infamy[5infEmi; 5infEmi] n (fml 文) 1 (a) [U] infamousbehaviour; wickedness 丑事; 邪恶. (b) [C] wicked act 恶行: * guilty of many infamies 罪恶多端. 2 [U] public dishonour or disgrace 臭名; 恶名; 丢脸; 耻辱: * His name will live in infamy, ie He will always be held in disgrace. 他的名字将与耻辱共存.

infancy
[5infEnsi; 5infEnsi] n [U] 1 (a) state or period of being an infant; early childhood 婴儿期; 幼儿期: * in early infancy 在婴儿时期. (b) (Brit law 律) period before one reaches the age of 18; minority 未成年（未满18岁者）. 2 (fig 比喻) early stage of development or growth （发展或生长的）初期: * The project was cancelled while it was still in its infancy. 这项目尚处於初期阶段时就取消了.

infant
[5infEnt; 5infEnt] n 1 child during the first few years of life 婴儿; 幼儿: * infants, older children and adults 幼儿、 大孩子和成人 * [attrib 作定语] our infant `son 我们的幼小的儿子 * infant `voices 童声 * infant mor`tality rate, ie percentage of children that die in the first few years of life 幼儿死亡率 * an `infant teacher, ie one who teaches infants 幼儿教师 * (fig 比喻) In its first general election, the infant (ie newly-formed) Social Democratic Party won few seats. 新成立的社会民主党初次参加大选所得席位无几. 2 (Brit law 律) person under the age of 18; minor 未成年人（18岁以下者）. 复合： ,infant `prodigy unusually talented child that shows signs of genius from an early age 神童. `infant ,school (part of a) primary school for children up to the age of 7 幼儿学校（为七岁以下儿童设置的）.

infanticide
[in'fAntisaid; in'fAntE7said] n 1 [U] (a) crimeof killing an infant 杀婴（杀害婴儿的罪行）: * commit infanticide 犯杀婴罪. (b) (formerly) custom among some people of killing unwanted new-born children （旧时）有些人将不想要的新生儿杀掉的风俗. 2 [C] person who kills an infant 杀害婴儿的人.

infantile
[5infEntail; 5infEn7tail] adj 1 [usu attrib 通常作定语] of infants or infancy 婴儿（期）的; 幼儿（期）的: * infantile diseases 幼儿疾病. 2 (derog 贬) (esp of older children or adults) childish （尤指大孩子或成年人）孩子气的, 幼稚的: * infantile behaviour 孩子气的行为. 派生： infantilism/in'fAntilizEm; in'fAntEl7izEm] n [U] (of older children and adults) mentally and physically underdeveloped state （指大孩子和成年人）幼稚病, 幼稚型（生理和智力发育不良的状态）. 复合： ,infantile pa`ralysis (dated 旧) poliomyelitis 小儿麻痹症（脊髓灰质炎）.

infantry
[5infEntri; 5infEntri] n [U, Gp] soldiers who fight on foot 步兵: * We have less infantry and armour than the enemy. 我们的步兵和装甲兵均比敌军的少. * The infantry is/are defending well. 步兵防守甚佳. * [attrib 作定语] an infantry regiment 步兵团. Cf 参看 cavalry. 复合： `infantryman[-mEn; -mEn] n (pl -men) soldier in an infantry regiment 步兵团的士兵; 步兵.

infatuated
[in'fAtFueitid; in'fAtFuetid] adj ~ (with/by sb/sth) (usu derog 通常作贬义) (temporarily) filled with an intense but usu foolish love （一时地）热恋着的,（通常指）痴情的: * It's no use talking to him: * he's completelyinfatuated. 跟他谈也没用, 他已完全堕入情网. * She's infatuated by his good looks. 她迷恋上他那俊俏的外貌了. * (fig 比喻) He's so infatuated with the idea that he can't talk about anything else. 他让那个想法迷住了, 一谈话就是那件事. 派生： infatuation/in7fAtFu'eiFn; in7fAtFu'eFEn] n [U, C] ~ (with/for sb/sth) being infatuated 热恋; 痴情; 迷恋: * His infatuation with her lasted six months. 他对她迷恋了半年. * This is only a passing infatuation, not to be taken too seriously. 这仅仅是一时的恋情, 不必过於认真. * develop an infatuation for sb 逐渐迷恋上某人.

infect
[in'fekt; in'fekt] v [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: * Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (with sth) 1 cause sb/sth to have a disease; contaminate sb/sth 使某人[某物]传染、 感染; 污染某人[某事物]: * The laboratory animals had been infected with the bacteria. 实验室的动物都已受到这种细菌的感染. * an infected wound 受到感染的伤口 * Clean the infected area with disinfectant. 把受感染的部分用消毒剂消毒. * Police have sealed off infected areas of the country. 警方已将全国各感染区封锁了. 2 (fig derog 比喻, 贬) fill (sb's mind) with undesirable ideas 用坏思想感染（某人的思想）: * a mind infected with racial prejudice 受到种族偏见影响的头脑. 3 (fig approv 比喻, 褒) fill (sb's mind or spirit) with happy and positive ideas or feelings 用快乐的、 好的思想感情感染（某人的心灵）: * Her cheerful spirits and bubbling laughter infected the whole class, ie They became happy too. 她那快乐的情绪和爽朗的笑声感染了全班.

infection
[in'fekFn; in'fekFEn] n 1 [U] ~ (with sth) (a) becoming ill through contact with bacteria, etc 传染; 感染; 侵染: * be exposed to infection 处於受感染范围 * the infection of the body with bacteria 身体受细菌侵染. (b) (fig derog 比喻, 贬) filling the mind with undesirableideas 头脑中充斥着坏思想: * the infection of young people with dangerous ideologies 危险的思想意识对年轻人的影响. 2 [C] disease caused by a micro-organism 传染病: * spread/pass on an infection 传播[传染]某种病 * People catch all kinds of infections in the winter. 冬天人们易患多种传染病. * an airborne/a waterborne infection 由空气[水]传播的传染病. Cf 参看 contagion.

infectious
[in'fekFEs; in'fekFEs] adj 1 (of a disease) caused by bacteria, etc that are passed on from one person to another （指疾病）传染的, 感染的: * Flu is highly infectious. 流感的传染性很强. 2 [usu pred 通常作表语] (of a person) in danger of infecting others (with a disease) （指人）能传染他人（疾病）: * While you have this rash you are still infectious. 身上还有这种疹子, 就仍然有传染性. 3 (fig approv 比喻, 褒) quickly influencing others; likely to spread to others 有感染力的; 易传播给他人的: * infectious enthusiasm 有感染力的热情 * an infectious laugh 有感染作用的笑声. > infectiously adv: * laugh infectiously 笑得富有感染力. infectiousness n [U]. Cf 参看 contagious.

infer
[in'fE:(r); in'fE] v (-rr-) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tf] ~ sth (from sth) reach (an opinion) from facts or reasoning; conclude sth （根据事实或推理）推断, 推定（一想法）; 得出某事物的结论: * It is possible to infer two completely opposite conclusions from this set of facts. 从这些事实中可能推断出两种截然相反的结论. * Am I to infer (from your remarks) that you think I'm not telling the truth? （从你的话中）看来你认为我没说实话? Cf 参看 imply. 派生： inference[5infErEns; 5infErEns] n 1 [U] process of inferring 推论; 推理; 推断: * If he is guilty then by inference so is she, ie This conclusion follows logically from the same set of facts. 如果他有罪, 可推断出她也有罪. 2 [C] ~ (from sth) (that...) that which is inferred; conclusion 结论; 推断结果: * Is that a fair inference (to draw) from his statement? 从他的说法中得出这种结论恰当吗? * She'd begun spending a lot of money, and the obvious inference was that she'd stolen it. 她花起钱来大手大脚了, 事情很明显, 钱是偷来的. inferential[7infE'renFl; 7infE'renFEl] adj that may be inferred 可以推断的: * inferential proof 由推论得出的证据. inferentially[-FEli; -FEli] adv.

inferior
[in'fiEriE(r); in'firil] adj ~ (to sb/sth) low (er) in rank, social position, importance, quality, etc （等级、 社会地位、 重要性、 质量等）（较）低的, 次要的, 低等的, 差的: * A captain is inferior to a major. 上尉的级别低於少校. * be socially inferior 社会地位低下 * make sbfeel inferior 使某人自惭形秽 * inferior goods, workmanship次货、 劣等手艺. Cf 参看 superior. 派生： inferior n person who is inferior (in rank, etc) （级别等）低於他人者; 下级; 下属: one's social inferior 社会地位不如自己的人 * We should not despise our intellectual inferiors. 我们不应轻视智力不如我们的人. inferiority/in7fiEri5CrEti; - -'C:r-; in7firi5CrEti] n [U] state of being inferior 下级; 下属; 低人一等: * feelings of inferiority 自卑感. 复合： inferi`ority complex (psychology 心) state of mind in which sb feels less important, clever, admired, etc than other people, and often tries to compensate for this by boasting and being aggressive 自卑感; 自卑情结. Cf 参看 superiority complex (superior).

infernal
[in'fE:nl; in'fEnl] adj 1 (rhet 修辞) (a) of hell 阴间的; 地狱的: * the infernal regions 阴间. (b) devilish; abominable 魔鬼般的; 地狱似的: * infernal cruelty 恶魔般的残忍. 2 [attrib 作定语] (infml 口) annoying; tiresome 讨厌的; 可恶的: * That infernal telephone hasn't stopped ringing all day! 那讨厌的电话整天响个不停! * aninfernal nuisance 很可恶的事. > infernally[-nEli; -nli] adv: * infernally rude 粗鲁得讨人厌.

inferno
[in'fE:nEu; in'fEno] n (pl ~s[-z; -z] ) 1 place or situation like hell, esp in being full of horror and confusion 地狱似的处境（尤指一片恐怖和混乱）: * the inferno of war 战争的恐怖景象. 2 (place affected by a) large destructive fire 毁灭性的大火（殃及之处）: * The place was a blazing, raging, roaring, etc inferno. 那地方是一片熊熊的、 滚滚的、 咆哮的...火海.

infertile
[in'fE:tail; - -tl; in'fEtl] adj not fertile; barren 贫瘠的; 不结果实的; 不能生育的: * infertile land 贫瘠的土地 * an infertile couple, ie unable to have children 不能生育的夫妇. > infertility[7infE'tilEti; 7infl'tilEti] n [U].

infest
[in'fest; in'fest] v [usu passive 通常用於被动语态: * Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) (derog 贬) (of pests, vermin, insects, etc) live in (a place) persistently and in large numbers （指有害的鸟兽昆虫等）大批孳生出没, 遍布, 侵扰（某处）: * a warehouse infested by rats 有大批老鼠出没的仓库 * clothing infested with lice 爬满虱子的衣服 * a garden infested with weeds 杂草丛生的花园. 派生： infestation[7infe'steiFn; 7infes'teFEn] n [C, U] (instance of) infesting or being infested （指有害的鸟兽昆虫等）大批出没, 侵扰, 骚扰: * an infestation of cockroaches 蟑螂的侵扰.

infidel
[5infidEl; 5infEdl] n (arch derog 古, 贬) person with no belief in a religion, esp in what is considered to be the true religion 不信宗教者, 无宗教信仰之人（尤指没有正统宗教信仰者）.

infidelity
[7infi'delEti; 7infE'delEti] n [C, U] (fml 文) (act of) disloyalty or unfaithfulness, esp adultery 背信; 不忠实; （尤指）通奸: * willing to forgive her husband's little infidelities 愿意原谅丈夫的些微不忠行为.

infield
[5infi:ld; 5in7fild] n the infield 1 (a) [sing] (in cricket) part of the ground near the wicket （板球）内场（靠近叁柱门的场地）. (b) [pl v] fielders stationed there （板球）内场全体球员. 2 (a) [sing] (in baseball) area within the diamond(4) （棒球）内场, 内野（垒与垒围线之内的场地）. (b) [pl v] fielders stationed there （棒球）全体内野手或内场手. Cf 参看 outfield. 派生： infielder n person fielding in the infield 内野手; 内场手.

infighting
[5infaitiN; 5in7faitiN] n [U] 1 (in boxing) fighting in which the opponents are very close to or holding on to each other （拳击）接近战. 2 (fig infml 比喻, 口) fierce competition between rivals (eg involving intrigue, betrayal, etc) 对手间的激烈竞争（如事涉阴谋、 出卖等）: * I gather a lot of political infighting went on before he got the top job. 我看他一定经历了政治上诸多明争暗斗才获此高位.

infill
[5infil; 5infil] (also infilling) n [U] 1 act of filling gaps (eg in a row of buildings) 填空隙（如一排建 物之间）. 2 material used to fill a hole or gap (eg in a wall) 填充物（用以填实洞穴或空隙的, 如在墙上）.

infiltrate
[5infiltreit; in'filtret] v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (through sth) (into sth) (of liquids, gases, etc) pass slowly by filtering; penetrate （指液体、 气体等）渗透, 透入: * The thick fog seemed to have infiltrated through the very walls into the room. 浓雾好像透过墙壁进到房间里. * (fig 比喻) the depths of the ocean, where no light can infiltrate 海洋的深处, 光线射不进去. 2 [Tn.pr] ~ A into B/~ B with A cause sth to pass slowly by filtering it into sth else 使某物慢慢渗入或透入他物: * infiltrate poison into the water-supply/infiltrate the water-supply with poison 把毒药慢慢渗入水源. 3 [Ipr, Tn] ~ (through sth) (into sth) (esp military or politics 尤用於军事或政治) enter (sth) stealthily without being noticed 悄悄进入; 潜入: * troops infiltrating through enemy lines into occupied territory 通过敌人封锁线潜入占领区的部队 * Our entire organization had been infiltrated by enemy agents. 敌特已打入我们整个组织. 4 [Tn.pr] (esp military or politics 尤用於军事或政治) ~ sb/sth into sth; ~ sth with sb/sth introduce sb/sth stealthily into sth 暗中使某人[某事物]进入: * infiltrate spies into a country 派间谍进入某国家 * infiltrate an organization with one's own men 派自己的人混入某组织. 派生： infiltration[7infil'treiFn; 7infil'treFEn] n 1 [U] ~ (of sth) (into sth) infiltrating or being infiltrated 渗入; 渗透: * infiltration of poisonous chemicals into the water-supply 有毒化学药品向水源的渗入. 2 ~ (of sb/sth into sth); ~ (of sth with sb/sth) (esp military or politics 尤用於军事或政治) (a) [U] infiltrating of people, ideas, etc （人员、 思想等的）渗入, 潜入, 混入: * the infiltration of spies, troops, etc into an area, organization, etc 特务、 部队等向某地区、 某组织等的潜入 * the infiltration of an organization with one`s agents 己方代理人向某组织的渗入.

infiltrate1
(b) [C] instance of this 渗透活动; 渗透战术. infiltratorinfinite /// [5infinEt; 5infEnEt] adj (a) without limits; endless无限的; 无穷的: * infinite space 无限的空间. (b) that cannot be measured, calculated or imagined; very great 无法衡量的; 无法估计的; 难以想像的; 极大的: * the infinite goodness of God 上帝无限的恩惠 * have infinite faith/an infinite amount of faith in sb 对某人绝对的信心 * a painting restored with infinite care 经极度精心修复的画 * You need infinite patience for this job. 做这项工作要有极大的耐心. 派生： the Infinite n [sing] (rhet 修辞) God 上帝. infinitely adv 1 to an infinite degree 无限地; 无穷地; 极其: The particles in an atom are infinitely small. 原子里的粒子极小. 2 (esp with comparatives 尤与比较级连用) very much 远; 甚: infinitely better, taller, wiser, etc (than sb/sth else) （比某人[某事物]）好、 高、 聪明...得多 * infinitely preferable (to sb/sth else) 远胜（於某人[某事物]）.

infinitesimal
[7infini'tesiml; 7infinE'tesEml] adj extremelysmall 极小的; 极少的: * an infinitesimal increase 微增. > infinitesimally[-mEli; -mli] adv.

infinitive
[in'finEtiv; in'finEtiv] n (grammar) 1 basic form of a verb, without inflections, etc (in English used with or without to, as in he can go; ask him to go) （动词）原形, 不定式（无语尾变化等, 在英语中的用法为带to或不带to, 如he can go、 ask him to go）: * a verb in the infinitive 原形动词 * [attrib 作定语] the infinitive form 不定式的形式. 2 (idm 习语) split an infinitive => split.

infinitude
[in'finitju:d; - -tu:d; in'finE7tud] n (fml 文) (a) [U] state of being endless or boundless; boundless number or extent 无穷; 无极; 无限; 无限量; 无穷数: * the infinitude of God's mercy 上帝的慈悲无量. (b) [C] infinite number, quantity or extent 无限的数量或程度: * an infinitude of small particles 无数的微小粒子.

infinity
[in'finEti; in'finEti] n 1 [U] state of being endless or boundless; infinite nature 无穷; 无极; 无限; 大自然: * the infinity of space 空间的无限. 2 [U] infinite distance or point in space 空间中无限远的距离或点: * gaze into infinity, ie vaguely into the distance 向茫茫远方望去 * Parallel lines meet at infinity. 平行线永不相交. 3 [U] (mathematics 数) number larger than any other that can be thought of (expressed by the symbol ); infinite quantity 无穷大, 无穷（符号为）: * Multiply y by infinity. 以无穷数乘y. =>App 4 见附录4. 4 [sing] indefinitely large amount 无限大的量: * an infinity of stars, of troubles, of things to do 星星、 麻烦、 要做的事无限多.

infirm
[in'fE:m; in'fEm] adj 1 physically weak (esp from old age or illness) 体弱的, 虚弱的, 衰弱的（尤指因年迈或疾病）: * walk with infirm steps 迈着虚弱的步子行走. 2 ~ of sth (fml 文) without strength of sth 欠缺某方面的力量: * infirm of purpose, will, etc, ie not purposeful, not resolute 目的不明确、 意志不坚强. 派生： the infirm n [pl v] infirm people 体弱的人: support for the aged and infirm 援助年老的人和体弱的人. infirmity/in'fE:mEti; in'fEmEti] n [C, U] (particular form of) weakness 体弱; 虚弱; 衰弱: * Old age and infirmity had begun to catch up with him. 他开始显出年老体衰的样子了. * infirmity of purpose 意志薄弱 * Deafness and failing eyesight are among the infirmities of old age. 耳聋眼花是年老体衰的现象.

infirmary
[in'fE:mEri; in'fEmEri] n 1 hospital 医院. 2 (in a school or some other institution) room used for people who are ill or injured （学校或其他机构的）医务室.

inflame
[in'fleim; in'flem] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (with/to sth) cause sb/sth to become angry or over-excited 使某人[某物]愤怒或激动: * a speech that inflamed the crowd with anger/to a high pitch of fury 激起听众愤怒的[使群众怒不可遏的]演说. 派生： inflamed adj ~ (by/with sth) 1 (of a part of the body) red, hot and sore (eg because of infection) （指身体某部）发炎的, 红肿热痛的（如因感染）: inflamed eyes 红肿的眼睛 * an inflamed boil 发炎的疖子 * a nose inflamed by an infection 受感染而红肿的鼻子. 2 (fig 比喻) roused to anger, indignation, etc 惹怒的; 愤怒的; 激动的: inflamed by sb's words 被某人的话惹得怒火中烧 * inflamed with passion 情绪激动.

inflammable
[in'flAmEbl; in'flAmEbl] adj 1 that can be set on fire 可燃的; 易燃的: * Petroleum Highly inflammable, eg on a notice 汽油--易燃品（如告示牌上的字样）. Cf 参看 non-flammable. =>Usage at invaluable 用法见invaluable. 2 (fig infml 比喻, 口) easily excited or aroused 易激动的; 易激怒的: * a man with an inflammable temper 脾气暴躁的男子.

inflammation
[7inflE'meiFn; 7inflE'meFEn] n [C, U] condition in which a part of the body is red, swollen and sore or itchy, esp because of infection 炎症; 发炎: * (an) inflammation of the lungs, liver, etc 肺、 肝等的炎症.

inflammatory
[in'flAmEtri; - -tC:ri; in'flAmE7tCri] adj 1 (derog 贬) tending to make people angry or over-excited 使人激愤的; 煽动感情的: * inflammatory remarks, speeches, words, etc 煽动性的言论、 演说、 言词等. 2 of, being or tending to produce inflammation 炎性的; 发炎的: * an inflammatory condition of the lungs 肺部发炎.

inflate
[in'fleit; in'flet] v 1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) fill (a tyre, balloon, etc) with air or gas 使（轮胎、 气球等）充气、 膨胀: * a fully inflated tyre 气充得很足的 轮胎. (b) [I] become filled with air or gas; swell 充满气体; 膨胀; 胀大: * With a supply of compressed air the large balloon inflated in a matter of seconds. 大气球注入压缩空气後, 几秒钟就充足了气. 2 [Tn] (fig 比喻) cause (sb's self-opinion) to become too great 使某人自视甚高; 骄傲; 得意: * flattery that would inflate the most modest person's ego 把最谦虚的人也能吹捧得趾高气扬的恭维. 3 [I, Tn] (finance 财) take action to increase the amount of money in circulation in (an economy) so that prices rise 物价上涨; 使通货膨胀. Cf 参看 deflate, reflate. 派生： inflatable[-Ebl; -Ebl] adj that can be or must be inflated 可充气的; 必须充气的; 可膨胀的: * an inflatable dinghy 充气筏. inflated adj 1 filled with air, gas, etc 充气的. 2 (derog 贬) exaggerated 夸张的; 言过其实的: an inflated opinion of oneself 自视过高 * inflated language, ie full of impressive words, but little meaning 浮夸的语言. 3 (of prices) raised artificially or as a result of financial inflation （指价格）人为抬高的, 因通货膨胀而上涨的. inflation/in'fleiFn; in'fleFEn] n [U] 1 process of inflating (inflate 1a); being inflated 充气; 膨胀. 2 rise in prices resulting from an increase in the supply of money, credit, etc 通货膨胀; 物价上涨: * control/curbinflation 控制[遏制]通货膨胀 * galloping (ie severe andrapid) inflation 失控通胀. inflationary/in'fleiFnri; - -neri; in'fleFEn7eri] adj of, caused by or causing financial inflation 通货膨胀的; 由通货膨胀引起的; 引起通货膨胀的: * the inflationary spiral, ie economic situation in which prices and wages rise in turn as the supply of money is increased 恶性通货膨胀（因流通货币增加导致工资与物价交互上涨的现象）

inflate1
* inflationary wage claims 通货膨胀引起的增加工资的要求.

inflect
[in'flekt; in'flekt] v [Tn] 1 (grammar) change the ending or form of (a word) to show its grammatical function in a sentence 使词尾屈折, 使词尾变化（以示其在句中之语法功能）: * Most English verbs are inflected with `-ed' in the past tense. 英语大多数动词过去式词尾均变化为-ed的形式. 2 make (the voice) higher or lower in speaking 使（说话的声音）变高或变低: * By inflecting the voice more one can hold the attention of an audience. 讲话声音有些抑扬变化可以吸引住听众的注意力. 派生： inflected adj (of a language) having many inflected words （指语言）有许多屈折变化词语的: Latin is a more inflected language than English. 拉丁语比英语词尾变化多.

inflection
(also inflexion)[in'flekFn; in'flekFEn] n 1 (grammar) (a) [U] inflecting （词尾的）屈折变化; 词尾变化. (b) [C] suffix used to inflect a word (eg -ed, -ing) （词形变化的）後缀, 屈折尾缀（如-ed、 -ing）. 2 [U] rise and fall of the voice in speaking （说话声音的）抑扬变化. Cf 参看 intonation, stress 3. 派生： inflectional[-FEnl; -FEnl] adj of or being inflections 词尾变化的; 屈折变化的: * inflectional endings/forms, eg -ed 屈折变化的词尾[形式]（如-ed）.

inflexible
[in'fleksEbl; in'fleksEbl] adj (a) that cannot be bent or turned 不可弯曲的; 不能转变的: * made of an inflexible plastic 用硬塑料制成. (b) (fig 比喻) that cannot be changed, influenced, etc; unyielding 不可改变的; 不受影响的; 不屈的: * an inflexible will, determination, purpose, etc 不可动摇的意志、 决心、 目的等 * an inflexible attitude, rule, system 不可改变的态度、 规则、 制度. > inflexibility/in7fleksE'bilEti; in7fleksE'bilEti] n [U]. inflexibly[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv.

inflict
[in'flikt; in'flikt] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (on sb) cause (a blow, penalty, etc) to be suffered (by sb) 使（某人）遭受（打击、 惩罚等）: * inflict a severe wound on sb 使某人受重创 * inflict a crushing defeat on the enemy 把敌军打得一败涂地. 2 [Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth on sb (infml often joc 口, 常作戏谑语) force sb to accept one's unwelcome presence 硬要某人接待自己: * apologize for inflicting oneself/one's company on sb 为叨扰某人而道歉 * My uncle is inflicting himself on (ie visiting) us again this weekend. 本周末我的叔叔又要不请自来了. 派生： infliction/in'flikFn; in'flikFEn] n (a) [U] inflicting or being inflicted 施加; 蒙受: * the unnecessary infliction of pain and suffering 带来不必要的痛苦和苦难. (b) [C] thing inflicted; painful or troublesome experience 施加的事物; 痛苦的或苦恼的经历.

inflorescence
[7inflC:'resEns; 7inflC'resns] n (botany 植) arrangement of a plant's flowers on the stem; collective flower of a plant 花序; 花（一植物上花的总称）.

inflow
[5inflEu; 5in7flo] n 1 [U] flowing in 流入. 2 [C, U] (a) that which flows in 流入物; 流入量: * an inflow of 25 litres per hour 每小时25升的流入量 * [attrib 作定语] an inflow pipe 注入管道. (b) (fig 比喻) influx 注入; 流入; 涌入: * an inflow of cash, capital, etc 现款、 资金等的流入.

influence
[5influEns; 5influEns] n 1 [U] ~ (on sth) power to produce an effect; action of natural forces 影响力; 作用: * the influence of the moon (on the tides), of the climate (on agricultural production), etc 月球（对潮汐）的作用、 气候（对农业生产）的影响. 2 (a) [sing] ~ (on sb/sth) (exercising of) power to affect sb's actions, character or beliefs through example, fear, admiration, etc 感化（力）; 影响（力）; 支配（力）: * the influence of parents on their children 父母对子女的影响 * have a good, bad, beneficial, harmful, civilizing, pernicious, etc influence on sb's behaviour, character, etc 对某人行为、 性格等有良好的、 恶劣的、 有利的、 有害的、 感化性的、 邪恶的...影响 * a young ruler under the influence of his chief minister 受总理大臣左右的年轻统治者 * escape sb's influence 避开某人的势力范围. (b) [C] ~ (on sb/sth) person, fact, etc that exercises such power 有影响的人或事物: * Those so-called friends of hers are a bad influence on her. 她那些所谓的朋友对她的影响很坏. * Religion has been an influence for good in her life. 宗教信仰一直引导她向善. * We are subject to many influences. 我们都受着多方的影响. * The influences at work in this case (ie factors causing it to develop in a particular way) are hard to disentangle. 在此事中起作用的种种因素很难缕析得清楚. 3 [U] ~ (over sb/sth) power to control sb's behaviour 支配力; 控制力: * His parents no longer have any real influence over him. 他的父母对他不再有任何真正的约束力了. 4 [U] ~ (with sb) ability to obtain favourable treatment from sb, usu by means of acquaintance, status, wealth, etc 权力; 势力; 权势: * use one's influence (with sb) 利用（与某人的关系的）影响力 * She has great influence with the manager and could no doubt help you. 她对经理很有影响力, 无疑能帮你忙. 5 (idm 习语) under the `influence (of `alcohol)

influence1
(fml or joc 文或谑) (showing signs of) having had too much to drink 酒喝得太多; 有点醉: * be charged with driving under the influence 被控酒後开车. 派生： influence v 1 [Tn] have an effect or influence on (sb/sth); cause (sb/sth) to act, behave, think, etc in a particular way 影响（某人[某事物]）; 对（某人[某事物]）起作用: the belief of astrologers that planets influence human character 星相家认为星体能影响人的性格的信念 * I don't want to influence you either way, so I won't tell you my opinion. 我不想对你有任何影响, 所以我不告诉你我的看法. * It's clear that her painting has been influenced by Picasso. 她的画显然受了毕加索的影响. 2 [Cn.t] cause or persuade (sb) to do sth 支配或左右（某人）做某事: What influenced you to behave like that? 你是受了什麽支配而那样做的?

influential
[7influ'enFl; 7influ'enFEl] adj 1 ~ (in sth/doing sth) having influence; persuasive 有影响的; 有说服力的: * factors that are influential (ie have an important effect) in reaching a decision 对做出决定有影响（有重要作用）的因素 * an influential speech 有说服力的演说. 2 having the status, wealth, etc that enables one to persuade others to do sth 有地位、 财富等的（因而能影响他人做某事）: * a committee of influential businessmen, union leaders, etc 由有权势的商界人士、 工会领袖等组成的委员会.

influenza
[7influ'enzE; 7influ'enzE] n [U] (fml 文) (also infml 口语作 flu/flu:; flu] ) infectious virus disease causing fever, muscular pain and catarrh 流行性感冒; 流感.

influx
[5inflQks; 5in7flQks] n ~ (into...) arrival of people or things, esp suddenly and in large numbers or quantities （人或事物的）注入, 涌入, 汇集: * frequent influxes of visitors 来访的人纷至沓来 * an influx of wealth 财富的大量汇集.

inform
[in'fC:m; in'fCrm] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.f] ~ sb (of/about sth) give sb knowledge (of sth); tell sb 通知或报告某人（某事）; 告诉某人: * `Some money is missing.’ `Have you informed the police?’ ‘有些钱不见了.’‘你报告警方了吗?’ * Keep me informed (of/about what happens). 有事随时通知我. * inform oneself of the facts, ie find out all that needs to be known 使自己了解事实 * He informed the police that some money was missing. 他向警方报案说有些钱不见了. 2 [Ipr] ~ against/on sb (law 律) give evidence or make an accusation against sb (to the police) （向警方）告发或检举某人: * One of the criminals informed against/on the rest of the gang. 有一罪犯告发了同党. 3 [Tn] (fml 文) give (sth) its essential features; pervade 赋予（某事物）其特徵; 贯穿; 遍及: * the sense of justice which informs all her writings 体现在她所有写作中的那种正义感. 派生： informant[-Ent; -Ent] n 1 person who gives information 提供消息或情报的人: * The journalist did not want to reveal the identity of his informant. 那个新闻工作者不想透露消息提供人的身分. 2 (linguistics 语言) native speaker of a language who helps a scholar make an analysis of the language 发音合作人（为语言学者分析语言提供资料的说本地话的人）. informed adj having or showing knowledge 有知识的; 见闻广的; 了解情况的: an informed critic, member of the public, etc 掌握情况的评论家、 公众等 * informed criticism 有见地的批评 * an informed guess, ie based on some knowledge 有根据的猜测. informer n person who informs, esp against a criminal or fugitive 告密者, 告发者, 检举人（尤指告发罪犯或逃犯的）.

informal
[in'fC:ml; in'fCrml] adj 1 not formal; without formality 非正式的; 非正规的; 不拘礼节的; 不讲究形式的: * an informal (ie friendly) manner, tone, atmosphere, person 友好的态度、 语调、 气氛、 人 * an informal (ie not official) arrangement, gathering, meeting, occasion, visit 非正式的安排、 聚会、 会晤、 场合、 访问. 2 (of dress, behaviour, etc) chosen to show personal taste rather than follow social conventions of formality （指衣着、 举止等）按个人爱好选择的, 不依从社会习俗的, 日常的. 3 (of language, speech, writing) conversational in style (and marked (infml) in this dictionary) （指语言、 讲话、 文字）口语体的（本词典中以（infml口）标示）: * an informal letter 用口语体写的信. Cf 参看 colloquial, slang. 派生： informality[7infC:'mlEti; 7infCr'mAlEti] n 1 [U] being informal 非正式; 不拘礼节; 衣着随便; 口语体. 2 [C] informal act 不拘礼节的举动. informally/in'fC:mEli; in'fCrmli] adv: * They told me informally (ie unofficially) that I had got the job. 他们非正式地告诉我, 我已获得那份工作.

information
[7infE'meiFn; 7infl'meFEn] n [U] 1 informing or being informed 通知; 告知: * For your information (ie This is sth you may wish to know), the library is on the first floor. 谨奉告, 图书馆在二楼. * (ironic 反语) I'm perfectly able to look after myself, for your information. 我完全能够自己照顾自己, 特此奉告. * (fml 文) My information is that (ie I have been told that) they have all left. 据我所知, 他们已经走了. 2 ~ (on/about sb/sth) facts told, heard or discovered (about sb/sth) （关於某人[某事物]的）情报, 消息, 资料: * give, pass on, receive, obtain, seek, find, collect, etc information (on/about sb/sth) 供给、 传递、 收到、 获得、 寻找、 发现、 搜集等（关於某人[某事]的）消息 * For further information please write to... 欲知详情, 请写信致... * a useful bit/piece of information 一份很有价值的情报 * [attrib 作定语] an information bureau, desk, etc 新闻局、 询问处. 3 (idm 习语) a mine of information => mine2. 复合： infor`mation science (also infor`mation technology) study or use of processes (esp computers, telecommunications, etc) for storing, retrieving and sending information of all kinds (eg words, numbers, pictures) 资料学, 信息学, 情报学（研究或使用各种信息的学科, 如文字、 数字、 图象之存储、 检索和发送, 尤指用计算机、 电信等手段进行的）.

informative
[in'fC:mEtiv; in'fCrmEtiv] adj giving much information; instructive 提供大量资料或信息的; 授予知识的: * an informative book, film, lecture, speaker 令人大开眼界的书、 影片、 讲座、 演讲者.

infra
[5infrE; 5infrE] adv (Latin fml 拉, 文) further on (in a book, etc); below （书等的）下文, 在下面: * see infra 参看下文. Cf 参看 vide. 复合： ,infra `dig/dig; dig] [pred 作表语] (infml often joc 口, 常作戏谑语) beneath one's dignity; demeaning 有失尊严; 有失身分: * Dancing in the street is rather infra dig for a bank manager! 一个银行经理在街上跳舞, 那是颇失身分的! ,infra-`red adj of the (invisible, heat-giving) rays belowthe red in the spectrum 红外线的. Cf 参看 ultraviolet. `infrastructure n (a) subordinate parts, installations, etc that form the basis of a system, an organization or an enterprise (eg of an army) （组成一制度、 企业或组织如军队的）基础结构, 基础设施. (b) (economics 经) stock of fixed capital equipment in a country (eg roads, railways, power-stations, water supply, etc) 基础设施, 基础结构（国家的固定基本设备, 如公路、 铁路、 发电站、 供水装置等）.

infraction
[in'frAkFn; in'frAkFEn] n (fml 文) (a) [U] breaking of a rule, law, etc （对规则、 法律等的）违背, 违犯. (b) [C] instance of this 犯规; 违法: * a minor infraction of the rules 轻微的犯规.

infrequent
[in'fri:kwEnt; in'frikwEnt] adj not frequent; rare 不频发的; 不经常的; 罕见的: * infrequent visits,performances, etc 少有的拜访、 演出等. > infrequency[-kwEnsI; -kwEnsI/ n [U]. infrequently adv.

infringe
[in'frindV; in'frindV] v 1 [Tn] (a) break (a rule, an agreement, etc) 违反, 违背（规则、 协议等）: * infringe the regulations, a copyright agreement, etc 违反规则、 版权协定等. (b) interfere with (sth); violate 干涉; 干扰; 侵犯; 侵害: * infringe sb's liberty, rights, etc 干扰某人的自由、 侵犯某人的权利. 2 [Ipr] ~ on/upon sth affect sth so as to limit or restrict it; encroach on 侵犯; 侵入; 侵害: * infringe upon the rights of other people 侵害他人权利. 派生： infringement[-mEnt; -mEnt] n (a) [U] infringing or being infringed 违反; 触犯; 侵害; 侵犯: * laws subject to frequent infringement 经常触犯的法规. (b) [C] instance of this 违反; 触犯; 侵害; 侵犯: * an infringement of the highway code, of copyright, of sb's privacy 违反公路法、 侵犯版权、 侵犯某人的隐私权.

infuriate
[in'fjuErieit; in'fjuri7et] v [Tn] make (sb) extremely angry 使（某人）大怒; 激怒（某人）: * I was infuriated by/with their constant criticism. 他们没完没了地批评把我给气坏了. 派生： infuriating adj that infuriates 使人大怒的: infuriating delays 让人感到愤怒的耽搁. infuriatingly adv: Infuriatingly, I just missed my plane. 真气人, 我刚刚误了飞机.

infuse
[in'fju:z; in'fjuz] v 1 [Tn.pr] ~ sth into sb/sth; ~ sb/sth with sth put (a quality) into sb/sth; fill sb/sth with (a quality) 将（某特性）灌输给或注入某人[某事物]; 使某人[某事物]获得（某特性）: * infuse new life, energy, etc into the workers 使工人获得新的活力、 力量等 * infuse the workers with new life, energy, etc 使工人获得新的活力、 力量等. 2 (a) [Tn] soak (tea or herbs) in a liquid (usu hot water) to extract flavour or ingredients for a drink or medicine （草药）泡（茶）; 泡制. (b) [I] (of tea or herbs) undergo this process （指茶叶或药草）被浸泡: * Don't drink the tea until it has finished infusing. 茶泡好再喝.

infusion
[in'fju:Vn; in'fjuVEn] n 1 [U] ~ of sth (into sb/sth) infusing a quality or being infused into sb/sth 注入; 灌输; 浸泡; 泡制: * infusion of new life (into the enterprise) （给企业）注入新的活力 * This company needs an infusion of new blood, ie needs new employees to give it vigour. 这家公司需要注进新的血液（需要新雇员给公司以活力）. 2 (a) [U] infusing of tea, herbs, etc or being infused （茶叶、 草药等的）沏, 泡. (b) [C] liquid made by infusing 沏、 泡或浸後的液体.

ingenious
[in'dVi:niEs; in'dVinjEs] adj (a) ~ (at sth/doing sth) (of a person) clever at finding new or simple solutions for complex problems （指人）善於用新 的或简单的方法解决复杂问题的; 心灵手巧的: * So you fitted that wire through that little hole there: * that's very ingenious! 那麽说是你把金属线穿过那个小孔的了, 真灵巧! * ingenious at solving difficult crossword puzzles 善於破解困难的纵横填字谜. (b) (of a thing) original in design and well suited to its purpose （指物件）设计独特而精巧的: * an ingenious device, gadget, etc 精巧的装置、 小机械等. (c) (of an idea) very clever and original （指主意）别出心裁的, 奇妙的: * an ingenious plan, method, solution, etc 别出心裁的计画、 方法、 解决办法等. 派生： ingeniously adv. ingenuity[7indVi'nju:Eti; - -'nu:-; 7indVE'nuEti] n [U] cleverness and originality in solving problems 心灵手巧; 善於发明创造.

ingenue
[5AnVeinju:; - 'AndVEnu:; 5AndVE7nu] n simple innocent girl, esp as portrayed in plays, films, etc 天真无邪的少女（尤指戏剧、 电影等的人物）: * [attrib 作定语] an ingenue role 天真少女的角色.

ingenuous
[in'dVenjuEs; in'dVenjuEs] adj (fml 文) not attempting to deceive or conceal; open; innocent 不欺骗的; 不隐瞒的; 坦率的; 天真无邪的: * an ingenuous smile纯真的微笑. > ingenuously adv. ingenuousness n [U].

ingest
[in'dVest; in'dVest] v [Tn] (fml 文) 1 take (food, etc) into the body, typically by swallowing 下, 吞下（食物等）. 2 (fig 比喻) take (sth) in; absorb 获取（某事物）; 摄取: * ingest information 获取信息.

ingle
nook

inglorious
[in'glC:riEs; in'glCriEs] adj 1 shameful; ignominious 可耻的; 不光彩的; 不名誉的: * an inglorious defeat 可耻的失败 * a new play which suffered the inglorious fate of being taken off after only three days 一出新剧, 只上演叁天就遭撤换的不光彩结局. 2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (rhet 修辞) unknown; obscure 不出名的; 默默无闻的: * an inglorious name 不见经传的名字. > ingloriously adv.

ingoing
[5iNgEuiN; 5in7goiN] adj [attrib 作定语] going in 进入的; 进来的: * the ingoing (ie new) tenant of a flat 公寓里新来的房客.

ingot
[5iNgEt; 5iNgEt] n (usu brick-shaped) lump of metal esp gold and silver, cast in a mould 铸块, 锭（尤指金、 银铸锭）.

ingrained
[in'greind; in'grend] adj 1 (of habits, tendencies, etc) deeply fixed; thorough （指习惯、 习性等）根深蒂固的, 一成不变的: * ingrained prejudices, suspicions, assumptions, etc 由来已久的成见、 怀疑、 臆见等. 2 (of dirt, stains, etc) going deeply into a substance, and therefore difficult to clean off （指尘土、 污迹等）积深而难於清除的: * deeply ingrained dirt 积聚得很深的污垢.

ingratiate
[in'greiFieit; in'greFi7et] v [no passive 不用於被动语态: * Tn, Tn.pr] (fml derog 文, 贬) ~ oneself (with sb) (attempt to) gain the favour of sb by flattering him, doing things that will please him, etc （竭力）取悦某人（靠奉承或做某事等）: * She tried to ingratiateherself with the director, in the hope of getting promotion. 她竭力巴结主任希望得到提升. 派生： ingratiating adj (derog 贬) attempting to please, flatter or gain favour 讨好的; 迎合的; 奉承的: an ingratiating smile 阿谀奉承的微笑. ingratiatingly adv.

ingratitude
[in'grAtitju:d; - -tu:d; in'grAtE7tud] n [U] lack of gratitude 忘恩负义.

ingredient
[in'gri:diEnt; in'gridiEnt] n 1 any of the foods that are combined to make a particular dish （烹调用的）材料, 原料, 成分: * the ingredients of a cake 蛋糕的原料 * Mix all the ingredients in a bowl. 将原料放在盆里调匀. 2 (fig 比喻) any of the qualities of which sth is made 因素; 要素; 组分; 成分: * the ingredients of a/sb's character, of success, of happiness, etc 某人性格的一方面、 成功的要素、 幸福的因素.

ingress
[5iNgres; 5ingres] n [U] (fml 文) going in; (right of) entrance 进入; 进入的权利: * a means of ingress 进入的手段. Cf 参看 egress.

ingrowing
[5ingrEuiN; 5in7groiN] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] growing inwards 向内生长的: * an ingrowing toenail, ie one growing into the flesh 向肉里生长的脚指甲.

inhabit
[in'hAbit; in'hAbit] v [Tn] live in (sth); occupy 居住於（某处）; 占据; 栖居於: * an island inhabited only by birds 只有鸟类栖息的岛. 派生： inhabitable adj that can be lived in 可居住的; 可栖居的. inhabitant[-Ent; -Ent] n person or animal living in a place （某地的）居民, 住户, 栖息的动物: * the local inhabitants 当地居民 * the oldest inhabitants of the island 岛上最早的栖息者.

inhale
[in'heil; in'hel] v [I, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (into sth) (a) breathe sth in 吸入某物: * inhale deeply 作深吸气 * Inhale! Exhale! ie breathe in; breathe out 吸气! 呼气! * miners who have inhaled coal dust into their lungs 肺里吸入煤尘的矿工. (b) take (tobacco smoke) into the lungs 吸（烟）; 抽（烟）: * Smokers who inhale are likely to become addicted to nicotine. 吸烟的人容易对尼古丁上瘾. > inhaler n device that emits medicine in a fine spray to be inhaled, eg by sb with asthma 吸入器（人工呼吸装置）.

inharmonious
[7inha:'mEuniEs; 7inhar'moniEs] adj (fml 文) not harmonious 不协调的; 不和谐的; 不和睦的. > inharmoniously adv. inharmoniousnessn [U].

inherent
[in'hiErEnt, -'her-; in'hirEnt, -'her-] adj ~ (in sb/sth) existing as a natural or permanent feature or quality of sb/sth 内在的; 固有的; 本来的: * an inherent distrust of foreigners 天生对外国人的不信任 * an inherent weakness in a design 设计本身存在的弱点 * the power inherent in the office of President 总统任内固有的权力. > inherently adv: * a design which is inherently weak 有内在缺陷的设计.

inherit
[in'herit; in'herit] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sb) 1 receive (property, a title, etc) as a result of the death of the previous owner 继承（财产、 头衔等）: * a youngman inheriting an estate, a title, etc (from his father) 继承（父亲的）地产、 头衔等的年轻人 * She inherited a little money from her grandfather. 她从祖父处继承了一小笔钱财. 2 derive (qualities, etc) from an ancestor 因遗传而获（特性等）: * She inherited her mother's good looks and her father's bad temper. 她生来就有母亲的美貌和父亲的坏脾气. 3 (fig 比喻) receive (sth) from a predecessor 从前任接过（某事物）: * This government has inherited many problems from the previous one. 上届政府遗留给本届政府很多问题. 派生： inheritance[-Ens; -Ens] n 1 [U] ~ (of sth) (from sb/sth) inheriting (sth from sb) 继承; 遗传: * The title passes by inheritance to the eldest son. 这头衔按世袭传给长子. * (fig 比喻) the inheritance of good looks from one's parents 得自父母遗传的美貌 * [attrib 作定语] inheritance tax 遗产税. 2 [C] ~ (from sb) what is inherited 继承或遗传之物; 遗产; 遗赠物: * When she was 21 she came into (ie received) her inheritance. 她21岁时获得遗产. * (fig 比喻) a bitter dispute which left an inheritance of ill-feeling 留下恶感的激烈争辩. Cf 参看 legacy. inheritor n person who inherits 继承人.

inhibit
[in'hibit; in'hibit] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from sth/doing sth) prevent sb from doing sth that should be natural or easy to do 使某人不能做轻易可做的事: * Shyness inhibited him from speaking. 他因害羞而说不出话来. 2 [Tn] hinder or prevent (a process or an action) 阻碍或抑制（某过程或行动）: * an enzyme which inhibits a chemical reaction 抑制化学反应的 . 派生： inhibited adj (a) (of people) unable to relax or express one's feelings in a natural and spontaneous way （指人）拘谨的, 不能自然表达感情的: She's too inhibited to laugh at jokes about sex. 她很拘谨, 听到性爱笑话也不笑. (b) (of behaviour) not relaxed or spontaneous （指举止）不轻松的, 不自然的: a nervous inhibited laugh 紧张而矜持的笑. inhibitedly adv. inhibition[7inhi'biFn, 7ini'b-; 7inhi'biFEn, 7ini'b-] n 1 [U] inhibiting or being inhibited 抑制; 阻止; 禁止; 受抑制: * Inhibition of natural impulses may cause psychological problems. 压抑自然的冲动可能会引起心理上的问题. 2 [C] inability to act naturally or spontaneously 抑制力: * Alcohol weakens a person's inhibitions, ie makes him behave more naturally. 酒精能削弱人的抑制力. * (infml 口) She had no inhibitions about asking for more, ie did so without hesitation. 她毫无顾忌, 要求再多给她一些.

inhospitable
[7inhC'spitEbl; in'haspitEbl] adj (a) (of people) not giving a friendly or polite welcome to guests （指人）待客不殷勤的, 不好客的: * It was inhospitable of you not to offer her a drink. 你未给她饮品是待客不周. (b) (fig 比喻) (of places) not giving shelter; unpleasant to be in （指地方）无遮蔽处的, 荒凉的: * an inhospitable coast 荒凉的海岸. > inhospitably adv.

inhuman
[in'hju:mEn; in'hjumEn] adj lacking normal human qualities of kindness, pity, etc; extremely cruel or brutal 无人性的; 无同情心的; 野蛮的; 残酷的: * inhuman behaviour, treatment, etc 野蛮的行为、 非人的待遇 * That man is an inhuman monster! 那人是残暴的恶魔! * It was inhuman to refuse him permission to see his wife. 不容许他去看自己的妻子是太不近人情了. 派生： inhumanity[7inhju:'mnEti; 7inhju'mAnEti] n [U] inhuman conduct or behaviour 无人性; 野蛮; 不近人情; 不人道: * man's inhumanity to man 人对人的残忍.

inhumane
[7inhju:'mein; 7inhju'men] adj insensitive to the suffering of others; cruel 对受难者无动於衷的; 不人道的; 残忍的: * inhumane treatment of animals, prisoners, the mentally ill, etc 对动物、 囚犯、 精神病人等的残酷对待 * an inhumane law, policy, decision, etc 不人道的法律、 政策、 决定等. > inhumanely adv: * animals slaughtered inhumanely 遭残忍方法宰杀的动物.

inimical
[i'nimikl; in'imikl] adj [usu pred 通常作表语] ~ (to sb/sth) (fml 文) 1 unfriendly; hostile 不友好; 含敌意: * countries that are inimical to us/to our interests 对我们不友好的[有损我国利益的]国家. 2 tending to prevent or discourage sth; harmful 对某事物不利; 有害: * actions that are inimical to friendly relations betweencountries 对国家间友好关系有害的行动. > inimically[-kElI; -klI/ adv.

inimitable
[i'nimitEbl; in'imEtEbl] adj impossible to imitate; too good, clever, etc to imitate 不能模仿的; 妙处难学的: * Frank Sinatra's inimitable style of singing 弗兰克．西纳特拉无人能模仿的演唱风格. > inimitably[-EblI; -EblI/ adv.

iniquitous
[i'nikwitEs; i'nikwEtEs] adj 1 (fml 文) very wicked or unjust 极邪恶的; 极不公正的: * an iniquitous system, regime, etc 罪恶的制度、 政权等. 2 (of a price, charge, etc) unfairly or ridiculously high （指价格、 费用等）不公道的, 高得出奇的: * Have you seen this bill? It's iniquitous! 你看见这份帐单了吗? 简直是漫天要价! 派生： iniquitously adv. iniquity/i'nikwEti; i'nikwEti] n 1 (a) [U] (rhet 修辞) wickedness and unjustness 邪恶; 罪恶; 不公正: * He regards the city as a place where all forms of iniquity are practised. 他认为该城是万恶丛集的渊薮. (b) [C] wicked and unjust act 邪恶的及不公正的行为. 2 (idm 习语) a den of iniquity/vice => den.

initial
[i'niFl; i'niFEl] adj [attrib 作定语] of or at the beginning; first 开始的; 最初的; 第一个的: * the initial letter of a word 一个字起首的字母 * in the initial stages (ie at the beginning) (of sth) 某事的创始阶段 * My initial reaction was to refuse. 我最初的反应是予以拒绝. 派生： initial n (usu pl 通常作复数) initial letter (of a name) （姓名的）首字母: George Bernard Shaw was well-known by his initials GBS. 人们对萧伯纳姓名的首字母GBS非常熟悉. * Sign your name and initials, ie your surname and the initial letters of your other names. 请签上您的姓及名字的首字母. initial v (-ll-; US usu 美式英语通常作 -l-) [I, Tn] mark or sign (sth) with one's initials 用姓名的首字母签名或作标记: Initial here, please. 请在这儿签上姓名首字母. * initial a note, document, treaty, etc 用名字的首字母签署便条、 文件、 条约等. initially[-FEli; -FEli] adv at the beginning; at first 最初; 开头; 首先: * She came initially to spend a few days, but in the end she stayed for a whole month. 起先她只打算来待几天, 但後来却住了整整一个月.

initiate
[i'niFieit; i'niFi7et] v 1 [Tn] (fml 文) put (a scheme, etc) into operation; cause (sth) to begin 开始实施（计画等）; 发起, 创始, 开始（某事物）: * initiate plans, schemes, social reforms, etc 开始实施计画、 方案、 社会改革等 * (law 律) initiate proceedings against sb, ie prosecute sb 起诉某人. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (into sth) (a) admit or introduce sb to membership of a group, etc, often by means of a special ceremony 接纳或介绍某人加入某团体等（常通过某种仪式）: * initiate sb into a religious sect, secret society, etc 介绍某人加入某教派、 秘密会社等. (b) give sb elementary instruction (in sth) or secret knowledge (of sth) 向某人传授（某事物的）基本要领或秘密知识: * an older woman who had initiated him into the mysteries of love 让他初尝云雨情的年长女子. 派生： initiate/i'niFiEt; i'niFiEt] n person who has (just) been initiated into a group 经介绍（刚）加入某组织的人. the initiated/i'niFieitid; i'niFi7etid] n [pl v] people who share special knowledge, secrets, etc known only to a few 掌握仅为少数人知道的专门知识和秘密的人: * the government's secret defence committee, known to the initiated as DefCom 政府的秘密防御委员会, 知情人都称之为DefCom. initiation/i7niFi'eiFn; i7niFi'eFEn] n [U] 1 ~ (of sth) (fml 文) bringing sth into effect; starting 开始实施; 开始; 创始; 发起: * the initiation of an investigation 调查的开始. 2 ~ (into sth) initiating or being initiated (into sth) 入会; 加入, 被接纳加入（某事物）: * [attrib 作定语] an initiation ceremony 入会仪式.

initiative
[i'niFEtiv; i'niFiEtiv] n 1 [C] action taken to resolve a difficulty 为解决困难而采取的行动: * It is hoped that the government's initiative will bring the strike to an end. 希望政府采取的行动可以结束罢工. 2 the initiative [sing] power or right to take action 采取行动的力量或权利; 主动权: * The initiative has passed to us.主动权已转到我方. * Because of the general's indecisiveness,our armies have lost the initiative to the enemy. 由於将军未能当机立断, 我军已丧失对敌采取行动的主动权. 3 [U] (approv 褒) capacity to see what needs to be done and enterprise enough to do it, esp without others' help 主动性; 自发性; 积极性: * a man who lacks the initiative to be a leader 缺乏当领导人应具备的主动精神的人 * The child showed/displayed great initiative in going to fetch the police. 那孩子极为主动地把警察找来了. * [attrib 作定语] an initiative test 自发的试验. 4 [C] power or right of ordinary citizens to make proposals for new laws (as in Switzerland) （普通公民提出新法规倡议的）创制权（如瑞士的）. 5 (idm 习语) on one's own i`nitiative without anyone else ordering one to do sth, or suggesting that one should do it 主动地; 自发地; 积极地: * In the absence of my commanding officer, I acted on my own initiative. 指挥官不在场, 我主动见机行事. take the initiative take the first step in an undertaking, esp one that encourages others to act 带头; 倡导; 发起: * It's up to this country to take the initiative in banning nuclear weapons. 这个国家应该主动提出禁止核武器.

inject
[in'dVekt; in'dVekt] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (into sb/sth); ~ sb/sth (with sth) force (a drug or other liquid) into sb/sth with a syringe or similar implement 给某人[某物]注射（药物或其他液体）: * a drug that can be injected or taken by mouth 可供注射或口服的药 * inject penicillin into sb/sb's arm, leg, etc 给某人[某人的胳膊、 腿等部位]注射青霉素 * inject sb/sb's arm, leg, etc with penicillin 给某人[某人的胳膊、 腿等部位]注射青霉素 * inject foam into a cavity wall 向空心墙内注入泡沫填料. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (into sb/sth) (fig 比 喻) introduce (new thoughts, feelings, etc) into sb/sth 向某人[某事物]介绍, 引进（新思想、 感情等）: * inject a few new ideas into the project 在这个项目中加入些新构想 * Try to inject a bit of enthusiasm into your performance.你要尽力在演出中倾注一点热情. 派生： injection/in'dVekFn; in'dVekFEn] n ~ (of sth) (into sb/sth) 1 [U] injecting 注射: * The morphine was administered by injection. 那吗啡是注射进去的. * [attrib 作定语] a fuel-injection system 燃料喷射系统. 2 [C] instance of this 注射; 注入: * a lethal injection of the drug 药品的致死量注射 * a course of injections 注射疗程 * If you're going abroad, have you had your injections yet? 你不是要出国吗, 打过防疫针没有? * The firm would be revitalized by an injection of new funds. 该公司重新注入资金即可复苏.

injudicious
[7indVu:'diFEs; 7indVu'diFEs] adj (fml 文) not appropriate or tactful 不合适的; 不策略的: * injudiciousremarks 不适当的言语 * Now would be an injudicious moment to ask for a rise. 现在要求加薪不是时候. > injudiciously adv. injudiciousness n [U].

injunction
[in'dVQNkFn; in'dVQNkFEn] n (fml 文) official order, esp a written order from a lawcourt, demanding that sth shall or shall not be done 命令, 指令, 禁令, 禁制令（尤指法院发出的）: * The government has sought an injunction preventing the paper from publishing the story. 政府已申请禁制令, 禁止该报发表此事.

injure
[5indVE(r); 5indVl] v [Tn] hurt (sb); harm 伤害（某人）; 损害: * injure oneself (by falling) （跌倒）受伤 * be slightly/seriously/badly injured in the crash 在事故中受的伤很轻[很严重/很重] * (fig 比喻) injure one's health (by smoking, drinking, etc) （因吸烟、 饮酒等）损害健康 * malicious gossip which seriously injured her reputation 严重损害了她名誉的恶毒的流言蜚语. 派生： injured adj 1 wounded; hurt 受伤的; 受损害的: an injured man 受伤的男子 * an injured leg 受伤的腿. 2 treated unfairly; wronged 受不公正对待的; 受委屈的: (law 律) the injured party, ie person who has been wronged 被害者. 3 offended 受触犯的: an injured look, voice, etc 不痛快的样子、 声音等. the injured n [pl v] people injured (in an accident, battle, etc) （在事故、 战斗等中）受伤的人: counting the dead and injured 统计伤亡人数 * All 14 injured were later discharged from hospital. 受伤的14人其後全部出院. * [attrib 作定语] on the injured list, ie the list of people injured 在受伤者的名单上. =>Usage at wound1 用法见wound1.

injurious
[in'dVuEriEs; in'dVuriEs] adj (fml 文) 1 ~ (to sb/sth) causing or likely to cause injury; harmful （很可能）造成伤害的; 有害的: * Smoking is injurious to the health. 吸烟对健康有害. 2 wrongful; insulting 不正当的; 侮辱的: * injurious treatment by sb 受某人的亏待 * injurious remarks 伤人的话.

injury
[5indVEri; 5indVEri] n ~ (to sb/sth) 1 [U] (a) physical harm to a living being （对生物体的）伤害, 损害: * Excessive dosage of this drug can result in injury to the liver. 这种药使用过量会损害肝脏. * a person prone to injury, ie one who is easily or often injured 易受损伤的人. (b) (fig 比喻) damage (to sb's feelings, reputation, etc) （对感情、 名誉等的）损害: * injury to one's pride 自尊心的挫伤. 2 [C] instance of harm to one's body or reputation （对身体或名誉的）伤害, 损害: * In the crash he suffered severe injuries to the head and arms. 在事故中他头部和双臂受了重伤. * an eye injury 眼睛受伤 * (fig 比喻) injuries to one's reputation 对个人名声的败坏. 3(idm 习语) add insult to injury => add. do sb/oneselfan `injury (often joc 常作戏谑语) cause sb/oneself (physical) harm 使（某人[自己]）受（身体的）伤害: * If you try and lift that suitcase you'll do yourself an injury! 要提起那只箱子, 你就要受伤了! 复合： `injury time (sport 体) time added on by the referee at the end of a (football, rugby, etc) match, if the game has been interrupted because of injuries to players 受伤延长比赛时间（足球、 橄榄球等因运动员受伤耽搁的时间, 裁判员在比赛之末准予相应追加）.

injustice
[in'dVQstis; in'dVQstis] n 1 [U] lack of justice 非正义; 不公正; 无道义: * a fierce opponent of injustice 反抗非正义行为的顽强斗士. 2 [C] unjust act, etc 不正义的行为等. 3 (idm 习语) do sb an in`justice (a) judge sb unfairly 冤枉某人; 待某人不公: * In saying this you do her an injustice. 你这样说就冤枉她了. (b) (fig 比喻) fail to show sb's true merits 未能反映某人的真正优点或长处: * His latest novel does him an injustice, ie does not show how well he can write. 他的小说新作未能反映出他的才华.

ink
[iNk; iNk] n 1 [U, C] coloured liquid for writing, drawing and printing 墨水; 油墨: * written in ink 用墨水写的 * different coloured inks 不同颜色的墨水 * [attrib 作定语] an ink blot 墨水渍 * a pen-and-ink drawing 钢笔画. 2 [U] black liquid produced by cuttlefish, squids, etc （乌贼、 鱿鱼等分泌的）墨汁. 派生： ink v 1 [Tn] cover (sth) with ink (for printing) 给（某物）上油墨（以印刷）: ink the roller of a duplicating machine 给复印机的油墨辊上油墨. 2 (phr v) ink sth in write or draw over (a pencilled word, outline, etc) with ink （在铅笔字、 略图等上）用墨水加描. inky[5iNki; 5iNki] (-ier, -iest) adj 1 made dirty with ink 用墨水弄脏的: * inky fingers 沾有墨水的手指. 2 black like ink 墨汁般黑的; 漆黑的: * the inky darkness of a moonless night 无月之夜的一片黑暗. 复合： `ink-bottle n bottle in which ink is sold 墨水瓶. `ink-pad (also pad) n pad for ink used on rubber stamps 印台. `ink-pot n pot for holding ink 墨水瓶. `inkstand n stand for one or more ink-bottles 墨水瓶架. `ink-well n ink-pot that fits into a hole in a desk 墨水池（嵌入写子台上的墨水瓶）.

inkling
[5iNkliN; 5iNkliN] n [sing] ~ (of sth/that...) slight knowledge (of sth secret or not previously known); hint （对秘密的或以前不知道的事物）略知; 暗示: * Can you give me some inkling of what is going on? 现在有什麽情况, 你能告诉我一点儿吗? * The first inkling I had that all was not well was when the share prices began to fall. 股票价格一跌落, 我就开始察觉到情况有些不妙.

inlaid
pt, pp of inlay.

inland
[5inlEnd; 5inlEnd] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] 1 (a) situated in the interior of a country, not by the sea or by a frontier 内陆的; 内地的: * inland areas, towns, waterways, etc 内陆的地区、 城镇、 水路等. Cf 参看 coastal (coast1). (b) (of a sea) (almost) surrounded by land or islands （指海）（几乎）被陆地或岛屿包围的: * an inland sea such as the Caspian 如里海那样的内海. 2 (commerce 商 esp Brit) carried on or obtained inside a country 国内的: * inland trade, ie domestic trade, as opposed to imports and exports 国内贸易（与进出口贸易相对）. 派生： inland[7in'lAnd; 5in7lAnd] adv in or towards the interior 在内地; 在内陆; 向内地; 向内陆: * They live inland. 他们住在内地. * move further inland 更深入地向内地迁移. 复合： ,Inland `Revenue (in Britain) government departmentresponsible for collecting taxes （英国）税务局. Cf 参看 Internal Revenue Service (internal).

inlay
[7in'lei; in'le] v (pt, pp inlaid[7in'leid; in'led] ) [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: * Tn, Tn.pr] ~ A (with B); ~ B (in/into A) make a design on (a surface) by putting pieces of wood, metal, etc into it in such a way that the resulting surface is smooth; insert (pieces of wood, metal, etc) in this way 镶; 嵌入; 镶饰: * ivory inlaid with gold 镶金牙雕 * gold inlaid into ivory 牙雕上的金饰. 派生： inlaid adj 1 embedded in a substance 镶嵌的; 嵌饰的: a floor with inlaid tiles 嵌花砖的地板. 2 decorated with inlaid designs 有嵌饰图案的: an inlaid floor 嵌花地板. inlay[5inlei; 5in7le] n [C, U] 1 design or pattern made by inlaying 嵌镶装饰或图案: * a wooden jewel-box with (a) gold inlay 镶金木质首饰盒. 2 (in dentistry) (method of making a) solid filling of gold, plastic, etc for a hole in a tooth （牙科）（金、 塑料等的）镶体, 镶补术.

inlet
[5inlet; 5in7let] n 1 strip of water extending into the land from the sea or a lake, or between islands 湾, 水湾（江河湖海伸入陆地或岛屿间的水域）. 2 opening to allow esp liquid to enter 入口, 进口（尤指供液体进入 的）: * the fuel inlet 燃料入口 * [attrib 作定语] an inlet pipe输入管道. 3 something put in, eg a piece of material inserted into a garment to make it larger 衬入物, 嵌入物（如填入衣服中的）.

inmate
[5inmeit; 5inmet] n one of a number of people living together, esp in a hospital, prison or some other institution 同住在一起的人（尤指医院、 监狱或其他机构中的）.

inmost
[5inmEust; 5in7most] adj [attrib 作定语] 1 most inward; furthest from the surface 最内的; 最深的: * the inmost recesses of the cave 洞穴的最深处. 2 (fig 比喻) most private or secret 纯粹私人的; 最秘密的: * my inmost thoughts, feelings, etc 我心灵深处的思想、 感情等.

inn
[in; in] n (Brit) public house or small old hotel where lodgings, drink and meals may be had, now usu in the country 客栈, 小而旧的旅馆（现多指乡村的）. Cf 参看 hotel. 复合： `innkeeper n person who manages an inn 上述客栈或旅馆的老板. ,Inn of `Court (building occupied by) any of four law societies in London having the exclusive right of admitting people to the rank of barrister in England 律师学院（所属的建 物）（伦敦四个法律学院之任何一所, 又译作律师协会. 此四所学院或协会是唯一有权授予讼务律师资格的组织）.

innards
[5inEdz; 5inldz] n [pl] (infml 口) 1 stomach and/or bowels 胃; 肠; 肠胃: * a pain in my innards 我肚子疼. 2 any inner parts 内部部件: * To mend this engine I'll have to have its innards out. 要修理这部发动机, 我得拆下里面的部件.

innate
[i'neit; i'net] adj (of a quality, feeling, etc) in one's nature; possessed from birth （指特质、 感情等）天生的, 先天的, 固有的, 天赋的: * innate ability, beauty, etc 天生的才能、 丽质等 * an innate desire 固有的欲望. 派生： innately adv naturally 自然地; 天然地; 天生地: innately honest 天生诚实.

inner
[5inE(r); 5inl] adj [attrib 作定语] 1 (of the) inside 内部的; 里面的: * an inner room 内室. Cf 参看 outer. 2 (of feelings) unexpressed （指感情）内心的, 未表达出来的: * If she had inner doubts, it was not apparent to anyone else. 她若心中生疑亦不形之於色. 3 (idm 习语) the ,inner `man/`woman (a) (rhet 修辞) a person's mind or soul 人的精神或灵魂. (b) (joc 谑) one's appetite 胃; 食欲: * satisfy the inner man/woman 喂饱肚子. 派生： innermost[-mEust; -7most] adj [attrib 作定语] most inward; inmost 最内的; 最深的: * the innermost depths of a forest 密林深处 * encouraging her to express her innermost feelings 鼓励她表达个人内心深处的感情. 复合： ,inner `circle small, often secretive, controlling group of people within an organization 核心集团（组织内部少数人, 常为不公开的人物组成的有权力的小集团）. ,inner `city oldest parts of a city, at or near its centre （近市中心的）旧城区: [attrib 作定语] ,inner-city `slums, de`cay, `housing problems 旧城区的贫民窟、 衰败、 住房问题. ,inner `lane = inside lane (inside). ,inner `tube inflatable rubber tube inside a tyre （轮胎的）内胎.

innings
[5iniNz; 5iniNz] n (pl unchanged 复数不变) 1 (in cricket) time during which a team or single player is batting （板球的）局, 回合（一球队或一队员击球的时间）: * England made 300 runs in their first innings. 英格兰队在最初几局里获300分. 2 (idm 习语) have had a good `innings (Brit infml 口) have had a long and happy life 一生幸福且长寿. 派生： inning n (pl ~s) (in baseball) time during which one team is batting; division of a game in which both teams have a turn to bat （棒球的）局, 回合（比赛两队各攻守一次的时间）.

innocent
[5inEsnt; 5inEsnt] adj 1 ~ (of sth) not guilty (of wrongdoing) 无辜的; 无罪的; 清白的: * They have imprisoned an innocent man. 他们监禁了一个无辜的男子. * innocent of a crime, a charge, an accusation 未犯某罪、 被指控的罪、 被指责的事. 2 [attrib 作定语] suffering harm although not involved 无辜受害的; 被殃及的: * an innocent bystander 无端受害的旁观者 * innocent victims of the bomb blast 炸弹下的无辜牺牲者. 3 harmless; innocuous 无害的; 无恶意的: * innocent amusement, enjoyment, etc 无害的娱乐、 享受等 * It was a perfectly innocent question. Why get so worked up about it? 那纯粹是无所谓的问题. 何必那麽激动? 4 knowing nothing of evil or wrong 天真无邪的; 纯真的; 单纯的: * as innocent as a new-born babe 像初生婴儿般纯洁. 5 foolishly simple 头脑简单的; 愚钝的: * Don't be so innocent as to believe everything the politicians tell you. 别那麽幼稚, 以为政客说的一切都是可信的. 6 [pred 作表语] ~ of sth (fml 文) lacking sth 没有或缺少某事物: * a bare room, innocent of any decoration 空荡荡的房间, 了无装饰. 派生： innocence[-sns; -sns] n [U] ~ (of sth) quality or state of being innocent(1, 4, 5) 无辜; 清白; 天真纯洁;愚钝: * do sth in all innocence, ie without any evil intentionor knowledge 做事无私心杂念 * She protested her innocence, ie kept saying she was innocent. 她坚称自己无罪. * Children lose their innocence as they grow older. 童稚的天真随着年龄的增长而消逝. innocent n innocent person, esp a young child 天真无邪的人（尤指小孩）. innocently adv.

innocuous
[i'nCkjuEs; i'nakjuEs] adj (fml 文) 1 causing no harm 无害的; 无毒的: * innocuous snakes, drugs 无毒的蛇、 无害的药品. 2 not intended to offend 无意得罪人的: * a fairly innocuous remark, statement, etc 无伤大雅的言语、 说法等. > innocuously adv. innocuousness n [U].

innovate
[5inEveit; 5inE7vet] v [I] make changes; introduce new things 革新; 改革; 创新; 引入新事物: * prepared to innovate in order to make progress 为取得进步准备革新. 派生： innovation[7inE'veiFn; 7inE'veFEn] n (a) [U] innovating 革新; 改革; 创新; 引入新事物: * a period of innovation 革新时期. (b) [C] instance of this; new technique, idea, etc 新方法、 新技术、 新思想等: * one innovation after another 一个又一个的革新项目 * technical innovations in industry 工业中的技术革新. innovative[5inEveiti; 5inE7vetiv] (also innovatory/ 9InE5veItErI; `InE9vetErI/) adj (approv 褒) introducing or using new ideas, techniques, etc 革新的; 有革新精神的; 采用新思想、 新技术的: * an innovative firm 革故鼎新的商行. innovator[5inEveitE(r); 5inE7vetl] n person who innovates 革新者; 创新者.

innuendo
[7inju:'endEu; 7inju'endo] n [C, U] (pl ~es[-z; -z] ) (derog 贬) indirect reference (usu suggesting sth bad or discreditable about sb) 影射; 暗射: * There have been too many unpleasant innuendoes in this debate and not enough facts. 在这场辩论中据实而争者少, 含沙射影者多, 令人生厌. * He had been subject to a campaign of innuendo in the press. 他一直受到新闻界指桑骂槐的影射.

Innuit
(also Inuit)[5inu:it, -nju:-; 5injuit] n (pl unchanged复数不变) = Eskimo.

innumerable
[i'nju:mErEbl; - i'nu:-; i'numErEbl] adj too many to be counted 无数的; 数不清的. =>Usage at invaluable 用法见invaluable.

innumerate
[i'nju:mErEt; in'jumErEt] adj without a basic knowledge of mathematics; unable to count or do sums 不懂数学的; 不会数数的; 不会计算的; 数学盲的. 派生： innumeracy[-rEsi; -rEsi] n [U] state of being innumerate 无数学基本知识; 数学盲: * the problem of innumeracy and illiteracy among young people 年轻人中的数学盲和文盲的问题.

inoculate
[i'nCkjuleit; in'akjE7let] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (with sth) (against sth) inject sb with a mild form of a disease, so that he will not catch the disease itself （给某人）接种, 作预防注射, 打预防针: * inoculate sb (with a vaccine) 给某人注射疫苗 * inoculate sb against cholera 给某人注射霍乱预防针. Cf 参看 immunize (immune), vaccinate. 派生： inoculation/i7nCkju'leiFn; in7akjE'leFEn] n ~ (with sth) (against sth) (a) [U] inoculating or being inoculated 接种; 预防注射. (b) [C] instance of this 接种; 预防注射: * have inoculations against cholera and yellow fever 进行霍乱和黄热病的防疫注射.

inoffensive
[7inE'fensiv; 7inE'fensiv] adj not giving offence; not objectionable 不触犯人的; 不招人讨厌的: * an inoffensive remark, person 不讨人嫌的话、 人. > inoffensively adv. inoffensiveness n [U].

inoperable
[in'CpErEbl; in'apErEbl] adj 1 (of tumours, etc) that cannot be cured by a surgical operation （指肿瘤等）不能动手术的, 手术无法治愈的. 2 (fml 文) that cannot be made to work; not practicable 不能实行的; 行不通的; 不实用的: * an inoperable solution to a problem 不能解决问题的办法.

inoperative
[7in'CpErEtiv; in'apErEtiv] adj (of laws, rules, etc) not working or taking effect; invalid （指法律、 规则等）不生效的, 无效的, 不起作用的: * a bus, train, air service that is inoperative 停止运作的公共汽车、 铁路、 航空服务 * This rule is inoperative until further notice. 此规则何时生效待通知.

inopportune
[7in'CpEtju:n; - -tu:n; 7inapl'tun] adj (esp of time) not appropriate or convenient （尤指时间）不合适的, 不方便的: * at an inopportune moment 在不当的时刻. > inopportunely adv: * arrive inopportunely 到达得不是时候.

inordinate
[in'C:dinEt; in'CrdnEt] adj (fml 文) beyond proper or normal limits; excessive 超出适当或正常限度的; 无节制的; 过度的: * the inordinate demands of the tax collector 税收员过分的要求 * inordinate delays 过分的拖延. > inordinately adv: * inordinately fond of sth 过分喜爱某事物.

inorganic
[7inC:'gAnik; 7inCr'gAnik] adj 1 not composed of living substances 无生物的; 无机的: * Rocks and minerals are inorganic. 岩石和矿物都是无机物. 2 (fig 比喻) not the result of natural growth; artificial 非自然生长的; 人造的: * an inorganic form of society 一种非由自然发展而形成的社会形式. Cf 参看 organic 2. > inorganically[-kli; -kli] adv. 复合： ,inorganic `chemistry branch of chemistry that deals with substances which do not contain carbon 无机化学. Cf 参看 organic chemistry (organic).

input
[5input; 5in7put] n ~ (into/to sth) 1 (a) [U] action of putting sth in 放入; 投入; 输入: * the input of additional resources into the project 给这项工程额外注入的资金. (b) [C, U] that which is put in 投入物: * an input of energy (to a system) （向某系统的）能量输入 * electrical input 电的输入. (c) [C] place in a system where this happens 输入端. 2 (computing 计) (a) [U] putting of data into a computer for processing or storage 数据输入（以备处理或存储）. (b) [C, U] data that is put in 输入的数据. (c) [C] place in a computer where this is done 输入端: * [attrib 作定语] an input key, code, level 输入键、 代码、 电平. Cf 参看 output 3. 派生： input v (-tt-, pt, pp input or inputted) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (into/to sth) (computing 计) put (data) into a computer 将（数据）输入计算机. Cf 参看 output v. 复合： `input circuit (computing 计) circuit that controls input 输入电路; 输入回路. `input device (computing 计) equipment by which data is transferred from a memory store to a computer 输入装置; 输入设备.

inquest
[5iNkwest; 5inkwest] n ~ (on/into sth) 1 official inquiry to discover facts, esp about a death which may not have been the result of natural causes 审问, 审理（尤指调查疑为非自然死亡者的死因）. 2 (infml 口) discussion about sth which has been unsatisfactory （对不满意的事进行的）事後讨论: * hold an inquest on the team's performance in the match 对球队在比赛中的表现进行评议.

inquietude
[in'kwaiEtju:d; - -tu:d; in'kwaiE7tud] n [U] (fml 文) uneasiness of mind; anxiety 不安; 忧虑.

inquire
(also enquire)[in'kwaiE(r); in'kwair] v (fml 文) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tw] ~ sth (of sb) ask to be told sth (by sb) 询问: * inquire sb's name 询问某人的姓名 * `How are you?’ she inquired. ‘你好吗?’她问道. * inquire where to go, how to do sth, etc 询问一下到哪儿去, 如何做某事等 * She inquired of me most politely whether I wished to continue. 她非常有礼貌地问我是否想继续下去. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (about sb/sth) ask for information 打听消息: * `How much are the tickets?’ `I'll inquire.’ ‘票价多少钱?’‘我去打听一下.’ * inquire at the information desk 在询问处查问 * inquire about trains to London 查询到伦敦去的车次. 3 (phr v) inquire after sb ask about sb's health or welfare 问好; 问候; 问安: * People called to inquire after the baby. 大家打电话来打听婴儿的情形. inquire into sth try to learn the facts about sth; investigate sth 调查; 查问; 究问: * We must enquire further into the matter. 我们须进一步调查此事. 派生： inquirer/in'kwaiErE(r); in'kwairl] n person who inquires 调查者; 查问者. inquiring/in'kwaiEriN; in'kwairiN] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] 1 showing an interest in learning 爱询问的; 爱打听的: * an inquiring mind 爱探索的头脑. 2 suggesting that information is needed 探询的; 追究的: * an inquiring look 追究的神情. inquiringly adv.

inquiry
(also enquiry)[in'kwaiEri; - 'inkwEri;'inkwEri] n 1 (a) [C] ~ (about/concerning sb/sth) (fml 文) request for help or information (about sb/sth) 请求帮助; 询问: * In answer to your recent inquiry, the book you mention is not in stock. 您近日询问的书暂时无货, 谨此奉覆. * I've been making (some) inquiries (ie trying to find out) about it. 我一直在（多方）打听这件事. * [attrib 作定语] an inquiry desk/office 问讯台[处]. (b) inquiries [pl] place from which one can get information 问讯处: * `How do I apply for this licence?’ `You want inquiries.’ ‘怎样申请许可证?’‘你得到问讯处打听.’ * directory inquiries, ie giving information about telephone numbers 电话号码查询台. 2 [U] (fml 文) asking; inquiring 问询; 调查; 查询: * learn sth by inquiry 经查询得知某事 * The police are following several lines of inquiry. 警方正沿几条线索进行调查. * On inquiry (ie Having asked) I found it was true. 我经打听方知事情属实. 3 [C] ~ (into sth) investigation 调查; 查究: * hold an official inquiry 进行正式调查 * call for a public inquiry into safety standards 要求公开调查安全情况. 复合： in`quiry agent private detective 私人侦探.

inquisition
[7inkwi'ziFn; 7inkwE'ziFEn] n 1 the Inquisition(also the Holy `Office) [sing] organization appointed by the Roman Catholic Church to suppress heresy (esp from the 15th to the 17th century) （天主教镇压异教徒的）异端裁判所, 宗教法庭（尤指15至17世纪的）. 2 [C] ~ (into sth) (fml or joc 文或谑) investigation or interrogation, esp one that is severe and looks closely into details 调查, 查究, 盘问（尤指严格而详细的）: * I was subjected to a lengthy inquisition into the state of my marriage and the size of my bank balance. 有关方面就我的婚姻状况以及银行存款馀额对我进行了详细的调查.

inquisitive
[in'kwizEtiv; in'kwizEtiv] adj (too) fond of inquiring into other people's affairs （太）好打听别人的事情的: * `What's that you're hiding?’ `Don't be so inquisitive!’ ‘你藏什麽东西呢?’‘别那麽爱管闲事!’ > inquisitively adv. inquisitiveness n [U].

inquisitor
[in'kwizitE(r); in'kwizEtl] n investigator, esp an officer of the Inquisition 调查人（尤指天主教的宗教法庭审判官）. 派生： inquisitorial/in7kwizi'tC:riEl; in7kwizE'tCriEl] adjof or like an inquisitor （似）审判官的. inquisitorially/ -rIElI; -rIElI/ adv.

inroad
[5inrEud; 5in7rod] n (esp pl 尤作复数) 1 ~ (into sth) sudden attack on another's territory; raid 突然侵袭他人领地; 突袭: * inroads into enemy territory 突袭敌国领土. 2 (idm 习语) make inroads into/on sth gradually use up or consume more and more of sth; lessen the amount of sth available 消耗某物: * Hospital bills had made deep inroads into her savings. 住院的花销用去她一大笔积蓄. * Already the children had made considerable inroads on the food. 孩子们早已吃掉不少食物.

inrush
[5inrQF; 5in7rQF] n (usu sing 通常作单数) rushing in (of sth); sudden arrival in large numbers 涌入; 冲入; 大量突然抵达: * an inrush of air, water, etc 空气、 水等流入 * an inrush of tourists, visitors, etc 纷至沓来的游客、 观光的人等.

insalubrious
[7insE'lu:briEs; 7insE'lubriEs] adj (fml 文) unhealthy 有损健康的; 不卫生的: * insalubrious alleys and slums 卫生条件恶劣的陋巷和贫民窟.

insane
[in'sein; in'sen] adj not sane; mad; senseless 精神失常的; 疯狂的; 愚蠢的: * an insane person 精神错乱的人 * an insane desire, idea, decision, policy 疯狂的欲望、 想法、 决定、 政策. 派生： the insane n [pl v] insane people 精神错乱的人: an institution for the insane 精神病院. insanely adv: insanely jealous 忌妒得发狂. insanity/in'sAnEti; in'sAnEti] n [U] madness; being mad 疯狂; 精神错乱: * a plea of insanity, ie a plea in a court of law that a crime was due to the defendant having a mental disorder 精神失常的抗辩（在法庭上被告的辩护, 称作案时精神失常）. 复合： insane asylum (dated 旧) = mental home (mental).

insanitary
[in'sAnitri; - -teri; in'sAnE7teri] adj not sanitary 不卫生的: * insanitary living conditions 不卫生的生活环境.

insatiable
[in'seiFEbl; in'seFEbl] adj ~ (for sth) that cannot be satisfied; very greedy 不能满足的; 极贪心的: * Another cake? You're insatiable! 再来一块蛋糕? 你可真贪得无厌! * an insatiable appetite, curiosity, desire, thirst (for knowledge), etc 永不满足的食欲、 好奇心、 欲望、 （求知）如渴之欲等 * a politician who is insatiablefor power 权欲心重的政客. > insatiably[-FEbli;-FEbli] adv.

insatiate
[in'seiFiEt; in'seFiEt] adj (fml 文) never satisfied 永不满足的.

inscribe
[in'skraib; in'skraib] v [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.n] ~ A (on/in B)[~ B (with A) write (words, one's name, etc) on or in sth, esp as a formal or permanent record 在某物上写, 题（词语、 名字等）（尤指作正式的或永久性的记录）: * inscribe verses on a tombstone/inscribe a tombstonewith verses 在墓碑上题诗 * inscribe one's name in a book/inscribe a book with one's name 在书上签名 * The book was inscribed `To Cyril, with warmest regards.’ 这本书题有‘西里尔惠存, 谨致最亲切的问候’的字样. 派生： inscription/in'skripFn; in'skripFEn] n words written on sth, cut in stone (eg on a monument) or stamped on a coin or medal 题名, 题字, 铭文（写、 刻或压印於某物上的, 如纪念碑、 硬币或勋章）: * an illegible inscription carved on the doorpost 刻在门柱上的已模糊不清的字迹 * What does the inscription say? 这碑文记叙的是什麽?

inscrutable
[in'skru:tEbl; in'skrutEbl] adj that cannot be understood or known; mysterious 不可理解的; 不可知的; 神秘的: * the inscrutable ways of Providence 不可思议的天道 * his inscrutable face, ie which does not showwhat he is thinking 他那神秘莫测的面孔（看不出他在想什麽）. > inscrutability/in7skru:tE'bilEti; in7skrutE'bilEti] n [U]. inscrutably/in'skru:tEbli; in'skrutEbli] adv.

insect
[5insekt; 5insekt] n 1 type of small animal (eg an ant, a fly, a wasp) having six legs, no backbone and a body divided into three parts (head, thorax and abdomen) 昆虫: * [attrib 作定语] an insect bite 昆虫咬伤. =>illus 见插图. 2 (in incorrect but common usage 不确切的通俗用法) any small, crawling creature (eg a spider) 爬行的小动物（如蜘蛛）. 派生： insecticide/in'sektisaid; in'sektE7said] n [C, U] substance used for killing insects (eg DDT) 杀虫剂, 杀虫药（如滴滴涕）: * [attrib 作定语] an insecticide spray, powder, etc 灭虫喷雾剂、 粉剂等. Cf 参看 pesticide. insecticidal/in7sekti'saidl; in7sektE'saidl] adj. insectivore/in'sektivC:(r); in'sektE7vCr] n animal that eats insects 食虫动物. insectivorous[7insek'tivErEs; 7insek'tivErEs] adj that eats insects 食虫的: * Swallows are insectivorous. 燕子以虫为食.

insecure
[7insi'kjuE(r); 7insi'kjur] adj 1 not secure or safe; not providing good support; that cannot be relied on 不保险的; 不安全的; 不牢固的; 不稳定的; 不可靠的: * have an insecure hold/grip on sth, eg when climbing 未抓牢某物（如攀登时） * (fig 比喻) an insecure arrangement, plan, etc 不可靠的安排、 计画等 * an insecure job, ie from which one may be dismissed at any time 不稳固的工作（随时有被解雇的可能） * insecure evidence, ie not reliable enough to convict sb in a court of law 不可靠的证据（即不足以在法庭上给被告定罪的）. 2 ~ (about sb/sth) not feeling safe or protected; lacking confidence 缺乏安全感的; 感到无保障的; 信心不足的: * an insecure person 缺乏安全感的人 * She feels very insecure about her marriage. 她对自己的婚姻缺乏信心. > insecurely adv: * insecurely fastened 固定得不很牢靠. insecurity[7insi'kjuErEti; 7insi'kjurEti] n [U]: * suffer from feelings of insecurity 感到不安全.

inseminate
[in'semineit; in'semE7net] v [Tn] put sperm into (a female, esp a female animal) either naturally or artificially 使（尤指动物）受精（自然受精或人工授精）: * inseminate a cow 使母牛受精. 派生： insemination/in7semi'neiFn; in7semE'neFEn] n [U] inseminating 受精.

insensate
[in'senseit; in'senset] adj (fml 文) 1 without the power to feel or experience 无感觉的; 无感知能力的: * insensate rocks 顽石. 2 unfeeling, esp in a foolish way 无情的; （尤指）蠢笨无情的: * insensate rage, cruelty, etc 无理性的狂怒、 残忍等. > insensately adv.

insensibility
[in7sensE'bilEti; 7insensE'bilEti] n [U] (fml 文) 1 unconsciousness 无知觉; 无意识: * lying in a state of drugged insensibility 用药後一直躺着, 毫无知觉. 2 ~ (to sth) (a) lack of physical feeling （肉体上）无感觉: * insensibility to pain, cold, etc 对疼痛、 寒冷等无感觉. (b) (derog 贬) lack of ability to respond emotionally （情感上）缺乏反应能力: * insensibility to art, music, beauty, etc 对艺术、 音乐、 美等无欣赏能力. (c) (derog 贬) indifference 漠不关心; 冷淡: * He showed total insensibility to the animal's fate. 他对那个动物的命运漠不关心.

insensible
[in'sensEbl; in'sensEbl] adj (fml 文) 1 unconscious as the result of injury, illness, etc （因伤、 病等）昏迷不醒的, 失去知觉的: * knocked insensible by a falling rock 被落石击中而失去知觉. 2 [pred 作表语] ~ (of sth) without knowledge (of sth); unaware 一无所知; 未觉察到: * be insensible of (one's) danger 对（自己）面临的危险懵然无知 * I'm not insensible how much I owe to your help. 你帮了我这许多忙, 我不是不知道的. 3 [pred 作表语] ~ (to sth) not able to feel (sth); insensitive(2) 无知觉; 无感觉: * insensible to pain, cold, etc 对疼痛、 寒冷等无感觉. 4 [attrib 作定语] (of changes) too small or gradual to be noticed; imperceptible （指变化）（因细微或缓慢）不易觉察的, 感觉不到的: * by insensible degrees 不知不觉地. > insensibly[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv.

insensitive
[in'sensEtiv; in'sensEtiv] adj 1 not realizing or caring how other people feel, and therefore likely to offend them 未意识到或不顾及他人的感受的（因而易触犯他人）: * It was rather insensitive of you to mention his dead wife. 你也太粗心了, 竟然提起他已故的妻子来. 2 ~ (to sth) not able to feel sth 无感觉的; 麻木不仁的: * insensitive to pain, cold, etc 对疼痛、 寒冷等无感觉 * (fig 比喻) He's insensitive to criticism. 他对批评毫无反应. > insensitively adv. insensitivity/ In9sensE5tIvEtI; In9sZnsE`tIvEtI/ n [U].

inseparable
[in'seprEbl; in'seprEbl] adj ~ (from sb/sth) that cannot be separated 不可分的; 分不开的: * Rights are inseparable from duties. 权利和职责是分不开的. * inseparable (ie extremely close) friends 形影不离的朋友. > inseparability/in7seprE'bilEti; in7seprE'bilEti] n [U]. inseparably/in'seprEbli; in'seprEbli] adv.

insert
[in'sE:t; in'sEt] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in/into/between sth) put, fit, place sth into sth or between two things 插入、 放入、 置入或嵌於某物或某两物间: * insert an additional paragraph in an essay, an advertisement in a newspaper, etc 在文章中加插一个段落、 在报上刊登一段广告 * insert a key into a lock 把钥匙插进锁中 * Insert your fingers between the layers and press them apart. 把手指插入两层之间, 用力将之分开. 派生： insert[5insE:t; 5insEt] n ~ (in sth) thing inserted (esp an additional section in a book, newspaper, etc) 插入物（尤指书、 报等的插页）: * an eight-page insert 八页的附加页. insertion/in'sE:Fn; in'sEFEn] n 1 [U] ~ (into sth) inserting or being inserted 插入; 放入; 置入: * the insertion of a coin into a slot 往投币孔塞进一枚硬币. 2[C] thing inserted, eg an announcement or advertisementput in a newspaper 插入物（如在报纸上刊登的启事或广告）.

inset
[5inset; 5in7set] n additional thing put in, esp a small picture, map, diagram, etc within the border of a printed page or of a larger picture 添入物（尤指一页印刷品或大图中插入或套印的小图）. 派生： inset v (-tt-, pt, pp inset) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (intosth) put sth in as an inset 嵌入; 插入: For an explanationof the symbols see the key, inset left. 有关各符号的意义请见左边附表.

inshore
[7in'FC:(r); 5in7FCr] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of sth at sea) close to the shore （指海上某物）近海岸的, 向陆的: * an ,inshore `current 近滨流 * ,inshore `fisheries 近海渔场. > inshore adv: * fishing inshore or out at sea 沿海或出海捕鱼.

inside
1[in'said; 5in'said] n 1 (a) [C usu sing 通常作单数] inner side or surface; part within 里面; 背面; 内侧; 内部: * The inside of the box was lined with silk. 那盒子用丝作衬里. * This cup is stained on the inside. 这杯子的内侧有积垢. * chocolates with a creamy inside 有奶油心的巧克力 * Which paint is suitable for the inside of a house? 房子内部刷什麽漆合适? * The room had been locked from/on the inside. 这房间已从里面锁上了. * The insides of the cylinders must be carefully cleaned. 汽缸内部必须仔细清理乾净. (b) [sing] part of a road or track nearest to the inner side of a curve （道路或跑道）转弯处的内侧, 内圈, 里道: * Daley Thomson is coming up on the inside. 戴利．汤姆森正从里圈赶上来了. (c) [sing] side of a pavement or footpath that is furthest away from the road （人行道）远离车道的一侧, 内侧: * Walk on the inside to avoid the traffic fumes. 在人行道的内侧走, 避开车辆的废气. Cf 参看 outside1. 2 [sing] (also insides/in'saidz; in'saidz] [pl]) (infml 口) stomach and bowels 肠胃: * a pain in his inside 他肚子痛 * My insides are crying out for food. 我饿得肚子直叫. 3 (idm 习语) ,inside `out (a) with the normal inner side on the outside 里面朝外: * wearing his socks inside out 他把袜子穿反了. * Turn the blouse inside out before drying it. 把衬衫翻过来再乾衣. * My umbrella has blown insideout. 我的雨伞给吹得翻过去了. =>illus at back1 见back1. (b) thoroughly; completely 彻底地; 完全地: * know a subject inside out 非常熟悉某问题 * turn a cupboard, drawer, etc inside out, ie search thoroughly by emptying it and looking through its contents 把碗橱、 抽屉等里面的东西全倒出来彻底翻找. on the in`side (a) within a group or an organization so that one has direct access to information, etc 处於集团或组织内部因而知内情:

inside1
* The thieves must have had someone on the inside to help them break in. 那伙盗贼一定有内应, 协助他们闯了进去. (b) (of motorists, motor vehicles, etc) using the lane that is furthest away from the centre of the road or motorway （指开汽车的人或机动车辆等）使用内车道: * The driver behind me tried to overtake on the inside. 我後面的驾驶员想从内车道超过我. 派生： inside adj [attrib 作定语] 1 forming the inner part of sth; not on the outer side 内部的; 里面的; 内侧的: He kept his wallet in an ,inside `pocket. 他把钱包放在里面的口袋里. * What does your inside leg (ie from the crutch to the inner side of the foot) measure? 你的腿从内侧量有多长? * the inside pages of a newspaper 报纸中间的各版 * choosing to run on the inside track 选择在内跑道跑. 2 told or performed by sb who is in a building, a group or an organization 从内部得到的; 得自内线的: Acting on inside information, the police were able to arrest the gang before the robbery occurred. 警方根据匪徒内部情报, 在劫案发生前把他们一网打尽. * The robbery appeared to have been an inside job. 这抢劫案看来是内部的人干的. insider/in'saidE(r); in'saidl] n person who, as a member of a group or an organization, is able to obtain information not available to others 内部的人; 知情人. in,sider `dealing (also in,sider `trading) buying or selling with the help of information known only by those connected with the business 内幕交易. 复合： ,inside `lane section of a road or motorway where the traffic moves more slowly 内车道: After overtaking you should move back into the inside lane. 超车後应回到内车道行驶. ,inside `left, ,inside `right player (in football, etc) in the forward line who is immediately to the left/right of the centre-forward （足球等的）左内锋, 右内锋.

insidious
[in'sidiEs; in'sidiEs] adj (fml derog 文, 贬) spreading or acting gradually and unnoticed but with harmful effects 隐伏的; 潜在的; 暗中为害的: * an insidious disease 潜伏的疾病 * insidious jealousy 暗暗产生的忌妒. > insidiously adv: * He had insidiously wormed his way into her affections. 他已神不知鬼不觉地逐渐赢得了她的爱情. insidiousness n [U].

insight
[5insait; 5in7sait] n ~ (into sth) 1 (a) [U] (approv 褒) ability to see into the true nature (of sth); deep understanding 洞察力; 深刻的了解: * a person of insight 有洞察力的人 * show insight into human character 表现出对人性的深刻了解. (b) [C] instance of this 洞察力; 深刻的了解: * a book full of remarkable insights 很有真知灼见的书. 2 [C] (sudden) perception or understanding of the true nature (of sth) （突然的）领悟, 猛省: * She was given an unpleasant insight into what life would be like as his wife. 她恍然大悟嫁给他就要过那种日子, 心里十分难过. * have/gain an insight into a problem 对某问题豁然开朗. 派生： insightful[-ful; -fEl] adj (approv 褒) showing insight 富有洞察力的; 有深刻见解的: * an insightful remark 有真知灼见的言语.

insignia
[in'signiE; in'signiE] n [pl] (a) symbols of rank or authority, eg the crown and sceptre of a king or queen 官阶识别符号, 象徵（如国王或王后的王冠及权杖）: * the insignia of office 官职的标记. (b) identifying badge of a military regiment, squadron, etc 军队、 航空队等的标记、 标志.

insignificant
[7insig'nifikEnt; 7insig'nifEkEnt] adj having little or no value, use, meaning or importance 无价值的; 无用的; 无意义的; 不重要的; 无足轻重的: * The rate has fallen by an insignificant (ie too small to be important) amount. 比率虽有下降, 但微不足道. * an insignificant-looking little man who turned out to be the managing director 一个其貌不扬的男人, 却原来是总经理. > insignificance[-kEns; -kEns] n [U]: * reduced toinsignificance 削弱到无足轻重的程度. insignificantlyadv.

insincere
[7insin'siE(r); 7insin'sir] adj not sincere 不真诚的; 不诚恳的. > insincerely adv. insincerity/ 9InsIn5serEtI; 9InsIn`sZrEtI/ n [U].

insinuate
[in'sinjueit; in'sinju7et] v 1 [Tn, Dn.pr, Tf, Dpr.f] ~ sth (to sb) suggest sth (to sb) unpleasantly and indirectly （向某人）旁敲侧击示意某事物: * What are you insinuating? 你旁敲侧击, 究竟指的是什麽? * Are you insinuating that I am a liar? 你绕来绕去是否暗指我撒谎? 2 [Tn.pr] ~ sth/oneself into sth (fml 文) place sth/oneself smoothly and stealthily into sth 使某事物[自己]悄然潜入某事物中: * insinuate one's body/person into a narrow opening 使自己的身体[自己]小心翼翼地钻入狭窄的孔隙中 * (fig derog 比喻, 贬) insinuate oneself into sb's favour, ie ingratiate oneself with sb 巧妙地逐渐取得某人的宠信. 派生： insinuation/in7sinju'eiFn; in7sinju'eFEn] n (a) [U] insinuating 旁敲侧击; 巧妙地进入; 巴结: * blacken sb's character by insinuation 含沙射影地贬低某人的品格. (b) [C] ~ (that...) thing that is insinuated; indirect suggestion 影射; 暗示的批评; 讨好的委婉话; 谀词: * I object to your (unpleasant) insinuations! 我讨厌你那些（令人不快的）拐弯抹角的话!

insipid
[in'sipid; in'sipid] adj (derog 贬) 1 having almost no taste or flavour 无味道的: * insipid food 无味道的食物. 2 (fig 比喻) lacking in interest or vigour 乏味的; 无生气的: * painted in pale, insipid colours 涂有灰暗的、 死气沉沉的颜色 * an insipid performance of the symphony 交响乐团乏味的演奏 * a good-looking but insipid young man 外貌好看而无情趣的小伙子. >insipidity[7insi'pidEti; 7insi'pidEti] (also insipidness)n [U]. insipidly adv.

insist
[in'sist; in'sist] v 1 [I, Ipr, Tf] ~ (on sth) demand (sth) forcefully, not accepting a refusal 坚持或坚决要求（某事物）: * `You really must go!’ `All right, if you insist.’ ‘你真得走了!’‘好吧, 你一定要我走, 我就走.’ * I insist on your taking/insist that you take immediate action to put this right. 我坚决要求你立刻采取行动把事情处理好. 2 [Ipr] ~ on sth/doing sth require or demand (the specified thing), refusing to accept an alternative 一定要（某事物）; 坚决主张: * I always insist on wholemeal bread. 我一贯主张要吃全麦面包. * (fig 比喻) She will insist on getting up early and playing her radio loud, ie She always does this, annoyingly. 她老是一大早起来就把收音机音量开得很大. 3 [Ipr, Tf] ~ on sth state or declare sth forcefully, esp when other people oppose or disbelieve one 坚持说, 固执地声称（尤指别人反对或不信时）: * She kept insisting on her innocence/insisting that she was innocent. 她坚持说她是清白的. 派生： insistent[-Ent; -Ent] adj ~ (about/on sth); ~ (that...) tending to insist; not allowing refusal or opposition 坚持的; 不容拒绝或反对的: * She's a most insistent person; she won't take `no' for an answer. 她是个说一不二的人, 决不容别人反对. * You mustn't be late; he was most insistent about that. 你万不可迟到, 他对这一点最严格. * (fig 比喻) this job's insistent demands 此工作之硬性要求 * (fig 比喻) the insistent (ie constantly and noticeably repeated) horn phrase in the third movement of the symphony 交响乐第叁乐章中反覆突出的号音. insistence[-Ens; -Ens] n [U] ~ (about/on sth); ~ (that...). insistently adv.

insofar as
[7insE'fa:r Ez; 7insE'far Ez] = in so far as (far).

insole
[5insEul; 5in7sol] n inside surface of the bottom of a shoe 鞋的内底; 鞋垫.

insolent
[5insElEnt; 5insElEnt] adj ~ (to/towards sb) extremely rude, esp in expressing contempt 粗鲁的; 粗野的; 无礼的; 侮慢的: * insolent children, remarks, behaviour 无礼的儿童、 言语、 举止. 派生： insolence[-Ens; -Ens] n [U] ~ (to/towards sb) being insolent 粗野; 无礼; 傲慢; 侮辱: * That's enough of your insolence, boy! 不要再放肆了, 小伙子! * dumb insolence, ie expressed by behaviour rather than verbally 无声的侮慢（用行为而非言语表达的）. insolently adv.

insoluble
[in'sCljubl; in'saljEbl] adj 1 (of substances) that cannot be dissolved; not soluble （指物质）不能溶解的. 2 (fig 比喻) that cannot be solved or explained 不能解决的; 不能解释的: * an insoluble problem, mystery, riddle, etc 不能解决的问题、 无法解释的奥秘、 不解之谜.

insolvent
[in'sClvEnt; in'salvEnt] adj unable to pay debts; bankrupt 无力偿付债务的; 破产的. 派生：insolvency[-Ensi; -Ensi] n [U]. insolvent n insolvent person 无力偿付债务的人; 破产者.

insomnia
[in'sCmniE; in'samniE] n [U] inability to sleep 失眠; 失眠症: * suffer from insomnia 患失眠症. 派生： insomniac/in'sCmniAk; in'samniAk] n person who finds it difficult to go to sleep 失眠者; 失眠症患者.

insomuch
[7insEu'mQtF; 7inso'mQtF] adv ~ as... becauseof the fact that...; to the degree or extent that...; inasmuch as... 因为; 由於; 鉴於; 至如此程度: * This statement was important insomuch as it revealed the extent of their knowledge. 这一陈述显示了他们了解情况之多, 因而十分重要.

insouciance
[in'su:siEns; in'susiEns] n [U] (fml 文) state of being unconcerned, esp in a light-hearted way; nonchalance 无忧无虑; 满不在乎; 漠不关心; 漫不经心. > insouciant[-siEnt; -siEnt] adj.

Insp
abbr 缩写 = Inspector (esp in the police force): Chief Insp (Paul) King 总巡官（保罗．）金.

inspect
[in'spekt; in'spekt] v 1 [Tn] (a) examine (sth) closely 检查（某事物）: * The customs officer inspected my passport suspiciously. 海关官员颇为怀疑地检查了我的护照. (b) visit (sth) officially to see that rules are obeyed, that work is done properly, etc 视察（某事物）: * inspect a school, factory, regiment, etc 视察学校、 工厂、 团队等. 2 [Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth for sth examine sb/sth in order to detect the presence of sth 检查; 查看; 察看; 审视: * inspect sb/sb's head for lice, dandruff, etc 检查某人头部有无头 、 头皮屑等 * inspect an object for fingerprints察看一物件以寻找指纹. 派生： inspection/in'spekFn; in'spekFEn] n 1 [U] inspecting or being inspected 检查; 视察: * On inspection (ie When inspected) the notes proved to be forgeries. 经检查发现钞票是伪造的. * after inspection (of the factory) for signs of inefficiency 视察（工厂）有无效率低的迹象之後. 2 [C] instance of this 检查; 视察: * carry out frequent inspections 进行经常性检查.

inspector
[in'spektE(r); in'spektl] n 1 official who inspects eg schools, factories, mines 检查员; 视察员; 巡视员; 稽查员; 检验员; 督学. 2 (Brit) police officer between the ranks of chief-inspector and sergeant （警察）巡官: * Inspector Davies 戴维斯巡官. 3 official who examines bus or train tickets to ensure that they are valid （公共汽车或火车的）查票员. 派生： inspectorate/in'spektErEt; in'spektErEt] n [CGp] inspectors collectively 视察人员（总称）; 视察团: * the primary schools inspectorate 小学督学团. 复合： in,spector of `taxes (also `tax inspector) official who examines statements of people's income and decides the tax to be paid on it 税务稽查员.

inspiration
[7inspE'reiFn; 7inspE'reFEn] n 1 [U] ~ (to do sth) stimulation of the mind, feelings, etc to do sth beyond a person's usual ability, esp creative ability in art, literature, music, etc; state or quality of being inspired 灵感: * Wordsworth found (his) inspiration in/drew (his) inspiration from the Lake District scenery. It was a great source of inspiration to him. 华兹华斯从风景优美的英格兰湖区获得灵感. 那地方是他灵感的巨大源泉. * Her work shows real inspiration. 她的作品表现出她很有灵感. * I sat down to write my essay, but found I was completely without inspiration, ie could think of nothing to write. 我坐下来写文章, 可是发觉自己毫无灵感（想不出写什麽）. * (saying 谚) Genius is 10% inspiration and 90% perspiration, ie hard work. 天才是10%的灵感加上90%的勤奋. 2 [C] ~ (to/for sb) person or thing that causes this state 鼓舞或激励人的人或事物: * This woman's an inspiration to all of us, ie is so excellent that she inspires us. 这一女子就是鼓舞我们大家的人. 3 [C] (infml 口) (sudden) good idea resulting from such a state （心血来潮的）妙计, 好主意, 灵机: * I've just had an inspiration: * why don't we try turning it the other way! 我突然想到一个好主意, 我们何不试试向相反的方向转一转呢! 派生： inspirational[-FEnl; -FEnl] adj providing inspiration 启发灵感的; 鼓舞或激励人的: * an inspirational piece of writing 一篇鼓舞人心的文字.

inspire
[in'spaiE(r); in'spair] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.t] ~ sb (to sth) fill sb with the ability or urge to do, feel, etc sth beyond his usual ability, esp to write, paint, compose, etc 赋予某人灵感（尤指写作、 绘画、 作曲 等）; 启示; 启迪: * His noble example inspired the rest of us to greater efforts. 他那高尚的榜样激发我们大家更加努力. * The Lake District scenery inspired Wordsworth to write his greatest poetry. 英格兰湖区的美景给了华兹华斯灵感而创作出他最伟大的诗篇. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (with sth)[~ sth (in sb) fill sb with thoughts, feelings or aims 激励或鼓舞某人: * Our first sight of the dingy little hotel did not inspire us with much confidence/inspire much confidence in us. 我们一见到那旅店昏暗肮脏, 心里就很不痛快. * inspire hope, loyalty, enthusiasm, etc in sb 燃起某人的希望、 唤起某人的忠诚、 激起某人的热情 * gloomy statistics which inspired panic in the stock market/among the stockbrokers 在证券市场[证券经纪人]中引起恐慌的令人沮丧的统计数字. 派生： inspired adj (approv 褒) 1 filled with creative power 有创作力的: an inspired poet, artist, etc 有创作力的诗人、 艺术家等. 2 full of a spirit that leads to outstanding achievements 有雄心壮志的: act like aman/woman inspired 表现得像是很有雄心壮志的人. 3 produced (as if) by or with the help of inspiration 受灵感启示的; （彷佛）得自灵感的: an inspired work of art 得自灵感的艺术作品 * an inspired effort 由灵感产生的力量 * an inspired guess, ie made by intuition rather than logic, but usu correct 凭灵感的猜测（靠直觉而不靠逻辑, 但往往正确）. inspiring/in'spaiEriN; in'spairiN] adj 1 that inspires (sb to do sth) 鼓舞人的: * an inspiring thought 鼓舞人心的想法. 2 (usu with negatives 通常与否定词连用) (infml 口) filling one with interest and enthusiasm 使人感兴趣的; 吸引人的: * a book on a not very inspiring subject 题材并不十分令人感兴趣的书.

Inst
abbr 缩写 = Institute; Institution.

instability
[7instE'bilEti; 7instE'bilEti] n [U] lack of stability 不稳定; 不稳固: * mental instability, ie liability to fits of madness 精神不稳定 * the inherent instability of this chemical, eg one which may blow up or catch fire 这种化学药品固有的不稳定性（如易爆炸或着火）.

install
(US also instal)[in'stC:l; in'stCl] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in sth) fix equipment, furniture, etc inposition for use, esp by making the necessary connectionswith the supply of electricity, water, etc 安装, 设置（设备、 家具等）: * install a heating or lighting system (in a building) （在建 物中）安装暖气或照明设备 * I'm having a shower installed. 我正在安装淋浴设备. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/oneself (in sth) settle sb/oneself in a place 将某人安顿或安置於某处[在某处安顿下来]: * be comfortably installed in a new home 在新居舒适地安顿下来 * She installed herself in her father's favourite armchair. 她坐在她父亲最喜欢坐的单座沙发上. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (in sth) place sb in a new position of authority with the usual ceremony （以例行仪式）使某人就新职: * install a priest (in office) 使一牧师就职. 派生： installation[7instE'leiFn; 7instE'leFEn] n 1 (a) [U]installing or being installed 安装; 设置; 就职: * Installationrequires several days. 安装工程需时数日. * the installationof the new vice-chancellor 大学校长的就职 * [attrib 作定语] installation costs/charges 安装费. (b) [C] instance of this 安装; 设置; 就职: * carry out several installations 实施几项安装工程. 2 [C] (a) that which is installed 安装物; 装置; 设备: * a heating installation 取暖装置. (b) site housing military equipment 军事设施: * attacking the enemy's missile installations 攻击敌人的导弹设施.

instalment
(US usu 美式英语通常作 installment)[in'stC:lmEnt; in'stClmEnt] n 1 any one of the separate but connected parts in which a story is presented over a period of time （一故事分段连载或连播等的）一集: * a story that will appear in instalments 分段连载的故事 * Don't miss the next instalment! 下期续载, 切勿错过! 2 ~ (on sth) any one of the parts of a payment spread over a period of time （分期付款的）一期付款: * pay for a house by monthly instalments 按月分期付款买房 * keep up the instalments (ie maintain regular payments) on the house 为买该房按时分期付款. 复合： in`stalment plan (esp US) = hire purchase (hire).

instance
[5instEns; 5instEns] n 1 ~ (of sth) particular occurrence of sth that happens generally or several times; example; case 例子; 实例; 事例: * I can quote you several instances of her being deliberately rude. 我可以给你举出她故意粗暴待人的几个例子. * In most instances (ie Mostly) the pain soon goes away. 在多数情况下, 这种疼痛很快就消失. 2 (idm 习语) at the instance of sb (fml 文) at sb's (urgent) request or suggestion 应某人之（紧急）请求或建议. for `instance as an example; for example 例如; 比如: * Several of his friends came: * Ben, Carol and Mike, for instance. 他的几个朋友来了, 比如本、 卡罗尔、 麦克. in the `first instance (fml 文) at the beginning; intially 首先; 第一: * In the first instance I was inclined to refuse, but then I reconsidered. 起初我想拒绝, 但後来还是重新考虑了. in `this instance on this occasion; in this case 在这种情况下. 派生： instance v [Tn] give (sth) as an example 举（某事物）为例.

instant
1[5instEnt; 5instEnt] adj 1 [usu attrib 通常作定语] coming or happening at once 立即的; 立刻的: * a new book that was an instant success 一出版就大获成功的新书 * feel instant relief after treatment 医治後随即感到舒服了 * instant hot water, ie as soon as the tap is turned on 瞬间致热的水（一开龙头水就热）. 2 (of food preparations) that can very quickly and easily be made ready for use （指食品的制备）调制快速方便的, 速成的: * instant coffee, ie made by adding hot water or milk to a powder 速溶咖啡. 3 (abbr 缩写 inst) (dated commerce 旧, 商) (after dates 用於日期之後) of the present month 本月的: * in reply to your letter of the 9th inst 兹覆本月9日来函. 4 [attrib 作定语] (fml 文) urgent 紧急的; 急迫的: * attend to sb's instant needs 满足某人紧急的需要 * in instant need of help 在需要紧急援助时. 派生： instantly adv at once; immediately 立刻; 马上; 瞬即: an instantly recognizable face 一眼就可以认得出来的面孔. conj as soon as 一...就...: Tell me instantly he arrives. 他一到就告诉我.

instantaneous
[7instEn'teiniEs; 7instEn'teniEs] adj happening or done immediately 即时的; 瞬间的: * Death was instantaneous, eg in a fatal accident. 当即死去（如在致命事故中）. > instantaneously adv.

instead
[in'sted; in'sted] adv as an alternative or replacement 代替; 更换: * We've no coffee. Would you like tea instead? 我们没有咖啡了. 改喝茶好麽? * It will take days by car, so let's fly instead. 开车去要好几天呢, 咱们还是坐飞机去吧. * Stuart was ill so I went instead. 斯图尔特病了, 所以换了我去. 复合： instead of prep as an alternative or replacement to (sb/sth) 作为（某人[某事物]）的替换: Let's play cards instead of watching television. 咱们玩纸牌吧, 别看电视了. * We sometimes eat rice instead of potatoes. 我们有时候吃大米, 不吃土豆. * Instead of Graham, it was Peter who moved in. 搬进来的不是格雷厄姆, 而是彼得.

instep
[5instep; 5in7step] n (a) upper surface of the human foot between the toes and the ankle 脚背. =>illus at foot 见foot插图. (b) part of a shoe, etc covering this （鞋等的）覆盖脚背的部分; 鞋面. =>illus at shoe 见shoe插图.

instigate
[5instigeit; 5instE7get] v [Tn] cause (sth) to begin or happen; initiate 使（某事物）开始或发生; 鼓动; 唆使; 煽动; 怂恿: * instigate a strike, strike action, etc 煽动罢工、 罢工行动等 * The minister has instigated a full official inquiry into the incident. 部长已开始正式全面调查这一事件. 派生： instigation[7insti'geiFn; 7instE'geFEn] n [U] instigating or being instigated 发起; 鼓动; 唆使; 煽动; 怂恿: * At his instigation we concealed the facts from the authorities, ie He encouraged us to do so. 我们受他的怂恿向当局隐瞒了事实. instigator[5instigeitE(r); 5instEge7tl] n person who instigates (esp sth bad) 发起者; （尤指）教唆者, 煽动者, 挑动者: * the instigators of violence in our society 在我们社会中那些鼓吹使用暴力的人.

instil
(US instill)[in'stil; in'stil] v (-ll-) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in/into sb) cause sb gradually to acquire (a particular desirable quality) 逐渐使某人获得（某种可取的品质）; 逐步灌输: * instilling a sense of responsibility (in/into one's children) 逐步培养（孩子的）责任感. > instillation[7insti'leiFn; 7insti'leFEn] n [U].

instinct
[5instiNkt; 5instiNkt] n ~ (for sth/doing sth); ~ (to do sth) [U, C] 1 natural inborn tendency to behave in a certain way without reasoning or training 本能: * Birds learn to fly by instinct. 鸟会飞是出自本能. * Birds have the instinct to learn to fly. 鸟有飞的本能. 2 natural feeling that makes one choose to act in a particular way 直觉: * When I saw the flames I acted on instinct and threw a blanket over them. 我看见火焰时便凭直觉把一张毯子扑在火焰上. * My first instinct was to refuse, but later I reconsidered. 最初我凭直觉加以拒绝, 但後来又重新考虑了. * have an instinct for survival 有求生的直觉 * Trust your instincts and marry him! 要相信你的直觉, 就嫁给他吧! * I'm afraid I gave way to my worst instincts and hit him. 真遗憾, 我一时任性打了他. * The sight of the helpless little boy aroused her maternal instinct(s). 她看见那孤苦无助的小男孩激发了她的母性. * (ironic 反语) have an instinct for doing or saying the wrong thing 有做错事或说错话的本领 * (fig 比喻) I'm afraid he lacks the killer instinct, ie ability to be ruthless. 我看他不够心狠手辣. 派生： instinctive/in'stiNktiv; in'stiNktiv] adj based on instinct; not coming from training or based on reasoning 凭本能的; 天生的; 直觉的: * an instinctive fear of fire 天生怕火 * an instinctive dislike of sb 对某人出自直觉的讨厌 * an instinctive reaction 本能的反应. instinctivelyadv: * I instinctively raised my arm to protect my face. 我本能地抬起手臂护着脸.

institute
1[5institju:t; - -tu:t; 5instE7tut] n (building that contains a) society or organization for a special (usu social, professional or educational) purpose 会; 社; 学会; 协会; 会址; 会所; 社址: * the Working Men's institute 工人会馆 * the Institute of Chartered Surveyors 特许土地测量师学会.

institution
[7insti'tju:Fn; - -tu:Fn; 7instE'tuFEn] n 1 [U] instituting (institute2 1,2) or being instituted 建立; 设立; 制定; 任命: * the institution of rules, customs, etc 规则的制定、 习俗的形成 * institution of a bishop/of sb as a bishop 主教的授职[授某人以主教之职]. 2 [C] (building of an) organization for helping people with special needs, eg an orphanage, a home for old people 慈善机关, 社会福利机构（如孤儿院、 养老院）: * living in an institution 住在收容所. 3 [C] long-established custom, practice or group (eg a club or society) 由来已久的风俗、 习惯或团体（如俱乐部或会社）: * Marriage is a sacred institution. 婚姻制度是神圣的. * Drinking tea at 4 pm is a popular British institution. 下午4点钟吃茶点是英国人很流行的习惯. 4 [C] (infml usu approv or joc 口, 通常作褒义或作戏谑语) person who is a very familiar figure in some activity or place （在某活动上或在某处的）知名人士, 闻人, 名流: * My uncle has become quite an institution at the club! 我叔叔在俱乐部里已是颇有名气的人物了! 派生： institutional[-FEnl; -FEnl] adj of, from or connected with an institution 由来已久的; 习已为常的; 公共机构的; 慈善机关的; 知名人士的: * institutional food 老一套的食物 * old people in need of institutional care 需慈善机关照顾的老年人. institutionalize, -ise[-FEnElaiz; -FEnl7aiz] v 1 [Tn] make (sth) into an institution(3) 使（某事物）制度化. 2 [Tn] place (sb) in an institution(2) 将（某人）收容在社会福利机构的. 3 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] cause (sb) to become accustomed to living in an institution, esp so as to lose self-reliance 使（某人）习惯於生活在收容所（尤指因而失去自立能力）.institutional-ization, -isation/ 9InstI9tju:FEnElaI5zeIFn;?@ -lI5z; 9InstE9tjuFEnElE`zeFEn] n [U].

instruct
[in'strQkt; in'strQkt] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (in sth) teach sb a school subject, a skill, etc 教授某人学校课目; 传授某人技巧: * instruct a class (in history), recruits (in drill), etc 教某班级（历史）、 训练新兵（操练）. =>Usage at teach 用法见teach. 2 [Tn.pr, Dn.w, Dn.t] ~ sb (about sth) give orders or directions to sb 向某人下命令或指示; 指导: * instruct sb about his duties 向某人交待其责任 * They haven't instructed us where to go. 他们还未指示我们到何处去. *I've instructed them to keep the room locked. 我已吩咐他们那房间要上锁. =>Usage at order2 用法见order2. 3 [Dn.f esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (esp law 尤用於法律) inform 通知; 告知: * We are instructed by our clients that you owe them 300. 我们的委托人通知我们说你欠他们300英镑. 4 [Tn] (law 律) employ (a solicitor or barrister) to act on one's behalf 聘用（事务律师或讼务律师）代表自己: * Who are the instructing solicitors (ie solicitors who are employing a barrister to act) in this case? 谁是此案中聘请讼务律师的事务律师? 派生： instructor n person who instructs; trainer 教员; 教练; 指导员: a driving instructor 驾驶教练.

instruction
[in'strQkFn; in'strQkFEn] n 1 [U] ~ (in sth) process of teaching; knowledge or teaching given （对知识的）教授, 传授; （传授的）知识; 教导: * In this course, students receive instruction in basic engineering. 在本课程中, 学生能学到基础工程学的知识. 2 [C] ~ (to do sth/that...) (a) order or direction given 命令; 指令; 指示: * leave, give detailed instructions 留下、 给予详细指令 * understand, carry out an instruction 理解、 执行命令. (b) (computing 计) word, code, etc that, when input into a computer, makes it perform a particular operation （输入计算机的）指令. 3 instructions [pl] ~ (to do sth/that...) statements telling sb what he should or must do 用法说明; 操作指南; 吩咐; 命令: * follow the instructions on a tin of paint, in a car repair manual, etc 依照颜料桶上的用法说明、 按照汽车维修手册的操作指示 * My instructions are that I am not to let anyone in, ie I have been ordered not to. 我得到吩咐不让任何人入内. * instructions to a lawyer 给律师的指示. 派生： instructional[-FEnl; -FEnl] adj giving instruction; educational 教学的; 有教育内容的: * instructional films 教学影片.

instructive
[in'strQktiv; in'strQktiv] adj (approv 褒) giving much useful information 提供丰富知识的; 有益的: * instructive books 有教育意义的书 * The minister's visit to the prison was not instructive. 这个牧师这次探监没有什麽有益的贡献. > instructively adv.

instrument
[5instrumEnt; 5instrEmEnt] n 1 implement or apparatus used in performing an action, esp for delicate or scientific work 器具; 器械; 仪器: * a surgicalinstrument, eg a scalpel 外科器械（如手术刀） * an opticalinstrument, eg a microscope 光学仪器（如显微镜） * instruments of torture 刑具. 2 apparatus for producing musical sounds, eg a piano, violin, flute or drum 乐器（如钢琴、 小提琴、 笛或鼓）: * learning to play an instrument 学习演奏乐器 * the instruments of the orchestra 演奏管弦乐的乐器. 3 measuring device giving information about the operation of an engine, etc or in navigation （发动机等或航海、 航空中用的）测量仪器, 仪表: * a ship's instruments 船用测量仪器 * [attrib 作定语] an instrument panel 仪表盘. =>Usage at machine 用法见machine. 4 (a) ~ of sb/sth person used and controlled by another person, organization, etc, often without being aware of it 受人利用或控制的人（常为不自觉的）: * We humans are merely the instruments of fate. 我们人类只不过是天命的工具. (b) ~ of sth person or thing that brings sth about 促成某事的人或物: * The organization he had built up eventually became the instrument of his downfall. 他创建起来的组织到头来却成为促使他倒台的根本原因了. 5 ~ (of sth) formal (esp legal) document 正式的（尤指合法的）文件、 文书: * The king signed the instrument of abdication. 国王签署了逊位的文告. 派生： instrumentation[7instrumen'teiFn; 7instrEmen'teFEn] n [U] 1 arrangement of music for instruments 为器乐的 编曲: * The instrumentation is particularly fine. 这首器乐曲编得特别细致. 2 instruments (instrument 3) 测量仪器; 仪表: * monitoring the spacecraft's instrumentation 监控宇航器的检测仪表.

instrumental
[7instru'mentl; 7instrE'mentl] adj 1 [pred 作表语] ~ in doing sth being the means of bringing sth about 作为促成某事物之手段; 有帮助; 起作用: * Our artistic director was instrumental in persuading the orchestra to come and play for us. 我们的艺术指导大费唇舌请来管弦乐队为我们演出. 2 of or for musical instruments 乐器的; 为器乐用的: * instrumental music 器乐曲. 派生： instrumentalist[-tElist; -tlist] n player of a musical instrument 乐器演奏者. Cf 参看 vocalist (vocal). instrumentality[7instrumen'tAlEti; 7instrEmen'tAlEti] n [U] (fml 文) condition of being instrumental(1); means 手段; 工具: * by the instrumentality of sb, ie by means of sb 借助於某人.

insubordinate
[7insE'bC:dinEt; 7insE'bCrdnEt] adj disobedient; rebellious 不服从的; 反抗的; 犯上的. 派生： insubordination[7insE7bC:di'neiFn; 7insE7bCrdn'eFEn] n (a) [U] being insubordinate 不服从; 违抗; 犯上: * gross/rank insubordination 不折不扣的忤逆行为. (b) [C] instance of this 不服从; 违抗; 犯上.

insubstantial
[7insEb'stAnFl; 7insEb'stAnFEl] adj 1 not solid or real; imaginary 非实体的; 非实质的; 非实在的; 非真实的; 幻想的: * an insubstantial vision, figure, creature 虚幻的景象、 人物、 生物. 2 not firmly or solidly made; weak （做得）不坚固的, 不坚实的, 薄弱的: * Early aircraft were insubstantial constructions of wood and glue. 早期的飞行器是木头和胶粘合的脆弱机器. * (fig 比喻) an insubstantial argument, accusation, claim, etc 无真凭实据的争论、 指控、 索赔要求等.

insufferable
[in'sQfrEbl; in'sQfrEbl] adj 1 too extreme to be tolerated; unbearable 过於偏激而不能容忍的; 难以忍受的: * insufferable insolence 令人不堪忍受的侮慢. 2 (of a person) extremely annoying and unpleasant, esp because of conceit （指人）令人嫌憎的, 令人厌恶的（尤指因自负）: * He really is insufferable! 他真可恶! > insufferably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv.

insufficient
[7insE'fiFnt; 7insE'fiFEnt] adj ~ (for sth/to do sth) not sufficient 不充足的; 不充分的; 不足的; 不够的: * The case was dismissed because of insufficient evidence. 该案因证据不足而撤销. > insufficiency[-FnsI; -FEnsI/ n [U]. insufficiently adv.

insular
[5insjulE(r); - -sElEr; 5insEll] adj 1 of an island 岛的; 岛上的: * an insular climate, way of life 海岛的气候、 生活方式. 2 (derog 贬) narrow-minded and avoiding contact with others 偏狭的; 不愿与他人接触的: * an insular attitude 偏狭的态度 * insular habits and prejudices 狭豁益的习性和偏见. 派生： insularity[7insju'lArEti; - -sE'l-; 7insE'lArEti] n [U] state of being insular(2) 偏狭性.

insulate
[5insjuleit; - -sEl-; 5insE7let] v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (from/against sth) (with sth) protect (sth) by covering it with a material that prevents sth (esp heat, electricity or sound) from passing through 使（某事物）隔离或绝缘（尤指对热量、 电流或声音）: * material which insulates well 绝缘性能良好的材料 * insulate pipes from loss of heat with foam rubber 用泡沫橡胶封裹管道以防热量损失. 2 [Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth from/against sth (fig 比喻) protect sb/sth from the unpleasant effects of sth 使某人[某物]与不良影响隔绝: * children carefully insulated from harmful experiences 受到细心保护免受不良影响的孩子们 * Index-linked pay rises insulated them against inflationary price increases. 与生活指数挂钩的工资增长使他们免受通货膨胀带来的损失. 派生： insulated adj protected in this way （受到）绝缘的, 隔热的, 隔音的: an insulated wire, ie to avoid an electric shock 绝缘电线 * a well-insulated house, ie to avoid loss of heat 隔热性能良好的房子. insulating adj giving this kind of protection （提供）绝缘的, 隔热的, 隔音的: insulating materials 绝缘材料. insulation[7insju'leiFn; - -sE'l-; 7insE'leFEn] n [U] (a) insulating or (state of) being insulated 隔离; 隔绝; 绝缘; 隔热; 隔音: * Foam rubber provides good insulation. 泡沫橡胶隔绝性能良好. (b) materials used for this 绝缘、 隔热或隔音等的材料: * pack the wall cavity with insulation 用隔热材料填充壁腔. insulator[5insjuleitE(r); - -sEl-; 5insE7letl] n substanceor device for insulating, esp a porcelain support for bare electric wires and cables 绝缘、 隔热或隔音等的物质或装置; （尤指）绝缘子. 复合： `insulating tape tape used for covering joins in electrical wires, preventing the possibility of an electrical shock 绝缘胶带; 电线胶布.

insulin
[5insjulin; - -sEl-; 5insElin] n [U] substance (a hormone) produced in the pancreas, controlling the absorption of sugar by the body 胰岛素: * [attrib 作定语] People suffering from diabetes have to have insulin injections, because they cannot produce their own. 患糖尿病的人需注射胰岛素, 因为病人本身不能分泌胰岛素.

insult
[in'sQlt; in'sQlt] v [Tn] speak or act in a way that hurts or is intended to hurt the feelings or dignity of (sb); be extremely rude to (sb) 侮辱; 辱骂; 侮慢: * I felt most insulted when they made me sit at a little table at the back. 他们让我坐到尽里头的一张小桌旁, 我觉得受到极大侮辱. 派生： insult[5insQlt; 5insQlt] n 1 ~ (to sb/sth) remark or action that insults 侮辱; 辱骂; 侮慢: * She hurled insults at the unfortunate waiter. 她大骂那个倒霉的服务员. * Don't take it as an insult if I go to sleep during your speech; I'm very tired. 要是你讲着话时我睡着了, 可别以为是不敬, 我太累了. 2 (idm 习语) add insult to injury => add. a calculated insult => calculate. an insult to sb's in`telligence task, explanation, etc that is too easy, foolish, etc to be worthy of sb's attention 对某人智慧的侮辱（指任务、 解释等容易得不值某人一顾）. insulting adj uttering or being an insult 出言不逊的; 侮辱的; 无礼的: He was most insulting to my wife. 他对我的妻子非常粗野无礼. * insulting remarks, behaviour 侮辱性的言语、 行为.

insuperable
[ In5su:pErEbl or, in British use, 英式英语读作 -5sju:-; In`supErEbl] adj (fml 文) (of difficulties) that cannot be overcome （指困难）不能克服的: * insuperablebarriers, obstacles, etc 不可逾越的障碍、 阻碍等. Cf 参看 insurmountable. > insuperably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv.

insupportable
[7insE'pC:tEbl; 7insE'pCrtEbl] adj (fml 文) unbearable; too bad to be endured 不能忍受的; 难以容忍的: * insupportable behaviour, rudeness, etc 不能容忍的行为、 粗暴等.

insurance
[in'FC:rEns; - -'FuEr-; in'FurEns] n 1 [U, sing] ~ (against sth) (contract made by a company or society, or by the state, to provide a) guarantee of compensation for loss, damage, sickness, death, etc in return for regular payment 保险（契约）: * People without insurance had to pay for their own repairs. 未投保者需自付修理费. * an insurance against theft, fire, etc 盗窃保险、 火险 * household, personal, etc insurance 家庭、 人身保险等 * [attrib 作定语] an insurance company, ie one that provides this 保险公司 * an insurance salesman 保险公司推销员. 2 [U] business of providing such contracts 保险业: * Her husband works in insurance. 她丈夫在保险业工作. 3 [U] payment made by or to such a company, etc 保险费: * When her husband died, she received 50000 in insurance. 她丈夫去世後, 她得到50000英镑的保险金. 4 [C, U] ~ (against sth) (fig 比喻) any measure taken as a safeguard against loss, failure, etc 保险措施; （预防损失、 失败等的）安全保障: * He's applying for two other jobs as an insurance against not passing the interview for this one. 他还申请了另外两份工作, 以防这份工作面试不合格. 复合： in`surance broker person whose business is providing insurance 保险经纪人. in`surance policy contract between the company insuring and the insured person 保险单: (fig 比喻) They regard nuclear weapons as an insurance policy against conventional attack. 他们认为有核武器是防止遭常规武器进攻的保障. in`surance premium one of the regular sums paid in order to be insured （定期交付的）保险费.

insure
[in'FC:(r); - in'FuEr; in'Fur] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (against sth) make a contract that promises to pay sb an amount of money in case of accident, injury, death, etc, or damage to or loss of sth 保险; 投保: * insure oneself/one's life for 50000 为自己投50000英镑的人寿保险 * insure one's house against fire 为自己的房子保火险. 2 (esp US) = ensure. 派生： the insured n [sing or pl v] person or people to whom payment will be made in the case of loss, etc 被保险人; 保户; 投保人. insurer/in'FC:rE(r); - in'FuErEr; in'Furl] n person or company undertaking to make payment in case of loss, etc 承保人; 保险公司.

insurgent
[in'sE:dVEnt; in'sEdVEnt] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] in revolt; rebellious 起义的; 叛乱的; 造反的: * insurgent troops 叛军 * an insurgent mob 暴民. 派生： insurgent n rebel soldier 叛乱士兵: an attack by armed insurgents 武装叛乱士兵发起的攻击.

insurmountable
[7insE'mauntEbl; 7insl'mauntEbl] adj (fml 文) (of obstacles, difficulties, etc) that cannot be overcome （指障碍、 困难等）无法超越的, 不能克服的: * The problems are not insurmountable. 问题不是无法解决的. Cf 参看 insuperable.

insurrection
[7insE'rekFn; 7insE'rekFEn] n 1 [U] sudden,usu violent, action taken by (part of) the population to try to remove the government 起义; 暴动; 叛乱; 造反. 2 [C] instance of this; revolt 起义; 暴动; 叛乱; 造反. 派生： insurrectionist[-FEnist; -FEnist] adj of or taking part in an insurrection 起义的; 暴动的; 参加叛乱的.

int
abbr 缩写 = 1 interior; internal. Cf 参看 ext 1. 2 international.

intact
[in'tAkt; in'tAkt] adj undamaged; complete 无损伤的; 完整的: * a box recovered from an accident with its contents intact 从事故中抢救出来的箱子, 里面的东西完好无损 * He can scarcely survive this scandal with his reputation intact. 他经此丑闻名誉很难不受损.

intaglio
[in'ta:liEu; in'talio] n (pl ~s[-z; -z] ) 1 [U] (process or technique of) carving deeply into stone or metal 凹雕; 凹刻; 凹雕术. 2 [C] (gem with a) figure or design made by cutting into the surface 凹纹图形; 刻有凹纹图形的宝石.

intake
[5inteik; 5in7tek] n 1 (a) [U] process of taking liquid, gas, etc into a machine, etc 吸入, 纳入（液体、 气体等）. (b) [C] place where liquid, etc enters （液体等的）进入口: * the fuel intake 燃油进入口 * [attrib 作定语] an intake pipe 吸入管. 2 (a) [C, U] quantity, number, etc of people entering or taken in (during a particular period) （一定时期内）进入或纳入的人数: * an annual intake of 100000 men for military service 每年徵召100000人入伍服役 * Intake in state primary schools is down by 10%. 公立小学入学人数下降了10%. (b) [CGp] such people 新进入或纳入的人: * This year's intake seems/seem to be quite bright. 今年新招入的人看来十分聪明.

intangible
[in'tAndVEbl; in'tAndVEbl] adj 1 that cannot be clearly or definitely understood or grasped; indefinable 难以捉摸的; 难以理解的; 无法确定的: * The old building had an intangible air of sadness about it. 那座古老建 物周围笼罩着说不出的凄凉气氛. 2 (commerce 商) (of a business asset) that has no physical existence （指企业资产）无形的: * the intangible value of agood reputation 良好商誉的无形价值. > intangibility/ In9tndVE5bIlEtI; In9tAndVE`bIlEtI/ n [U]. intangibly adv.

integer
[5intidVE(r); 5intEdVl] n (mathematics 数) wholenumber (contrasted with a fraction) 整数（fraction之对）: * 1, 2 and 3 are integers; integral /// [5intigrEl; 5intEgrEl] adj 1 ~ (to sth) necessary for completeness 构成整体所必需的: * The arms and legs are integral parts of the human body; they are integral to the human body. 手臂和腿是人体的组成部分, 是构成完整的人体必不可少的. 2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] having or containing all parts that are necessary for completeness; whole 具备构成整体所必需的所有部分的; 完整的: * an integral design 完整的设计. 3 [usu attrib 通常作定语] included as part of the whole, rather than supplied from outside 作为整体的一部分的（并非来自外部的）: * a machine with an integral power source 有内置电源的机器. 4 (mathematics 数) of or being an integer; made up of integers 整数的; 由整数组成的; 积分的. > integrally[-grEli; -grEli] adv. 复合： ,integral `calculus (mathematics 数) branch of calculus concerned with finding out the sum total of a lot of extremely small numbers, and with applying this knowledge to calculating areas, volumes, etc 积分学. Cf 参看 differential calculus (differential).

integrate
[5intigreit; 5intE7gret] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (into sth); ~ A and B/~ A with B combine sth in such a way that it becomes fully a part of sth else （将某事物与另一事物结合）构成整体: * integrating private schools into the state education system 将私立学校纳入国家教育体系 * The buildings are well integrated with the landscape/The buildings and the landscape are well integrated. 这些建 物和周围的自然景物相融合, 浑然一体. 2 [I, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sb) (into sth/with sth) (cause sb to) become fully a member of a community, rather than remaining in a separate (esp racial) group （使某人）与社区融合（尤指种族间）: * foreign immigrants who don't integrate well 未能完全融入当地社会的外国移民 * integrating black people into a largely white community 使黑人融合进以白人为主的社区. Cf 参看 segregate. 派生： integrated[-tid; -tid] adj with various parts fitting well together 各部分配合好的; 综合的; 完整的: * an integrated transport scheme, eg including buses, trains, taxis, etc 综合联运计画（如公共汽车、 火车、 计程车等） * an integrated personality, ie sb who is psychologically stable 统合性格（即其人心理状态稳定）. integration[7inti'greiFn; 7intE'greFEn] n [U] ~ (into sth) integrating or being integrated 结合; 综合; 融合: * the integration of black children into the school system inthe Southern States of America 美国南方各州准许黑人儿童进入白人学校之事. Cf 参看 segregation (segregate). 复合： ,integrated `circuit very small electronic circuit(2b) made of a single small piece of semiconductor material (eg a silicon chip), designed to replace a conventional electric circuit of many parts 集成电路.

integrity
[in'tegrEti; in'tegrEti] n [U] 1 quality of being honest and morally upright 诚实而正直: * He's a man of integrity; he won't break his promise. 他为人诚实正直, 决不食言. * personal, commercial, intellectual, etc integrity 为人的、 商业上的、 做学问的...诚实正直. 2 condition of being whole or undivided 完整; 整体: * respect, preserve, threaten, etc a nation's territorial integrity 尊重、 保持、 威胁...国家领土的完整.

integument
[in'tegjumEnt; in'tegjEmEnt] n (fml 文) (usu natural) outer covering, eg a skin, husk, rind or shell （通常指天然的）覆盖物, 外皮（如皮肤、 果壳、 果皮或甲壳）.

intellect
[5intElekt; 5intl7ekt] n 1 [U] power of the mind to reason and acquire knowledge (contrasted with feeling and instinct) 智力, 思维能力, 领悟力, 理解力（与感情及本能相对）: * a man of (great) intellect （极）具聪明才智的人 * Intellect distinguishes humans from other animals. 人类与禽兽之别在於人具有思维能力. 2 [C] person of high intelligence and reasoning power 有高智慧和推理能力的人: * He was one of the most formidable intellects of his time. 他是该时代的盖世奇才.

intellectual
[7inti'lektFuEl; 7intl'ektFuEl] adj 1 [usu attrib 通常作定语] of the intellect 智力的; 理智的: * the intellectual faculties 智能. 2 of, interested in or able to deal with things of the mind (eg the arts, ideas for their own sake) rather than practical matters 思维的, 善思考的, 能运用聪明才智的（如艺术、 思想等方面, 并非指实际事情）: * intellectual people 善思考的人 * intellectual interests, pursuits, etc 需用脑力的爱好、 研究等. 派生： intellectual n intellectual person 知识分子; 脑力劳动者: a play, book, etc for intellectuals 以知识分子为对象的剧、 书等. intellecttually adv.

intelligence
[in'telidVEns; in'telEdVEns] n 1 [U] power of learning, understanding and reasoning; mental ability 学习、 理解和推理的能力; 智力; 脑力: * a person of high, great, average, little, low intelligence 智力高的、 有智慧的、 智力中等的、 无头脑的、 智能低下的人 * When the water pipe burst, she had the intelligence to turn off the water at the main. 水管裂开时, 她很有头脑, 连忙把总水门关上了. 2 (a) [U] information, esp of military value 情报, 信息（尤指有军事价值的）: * an intelligence-gathering satellite 搜集情报的卫星 * [attrib 作定语] the government's Secret Intelligence Service, ie organization that gathers such information, esp by spying 政府的秘密情报部门. (b) [Gp] people engaged in gathering such information 情报人员: * Intelligence has/have reported that the enemy is planning a new attack. 情报人员报告说敌军正在策画发动新攻势. 派生： intelligent[-dVEnt; -dVEnt] adj having or showing intelligence 聪明的; 有才智的; 有头脑的: * an intelligent child 聪明的孩子 * an intelligent expression on sb's face 某人脸上聪慧的神情 * intelligent questions, answers, remarks, etc 巧妙的问题、 回答、 言语等 * take an intelligent interest in sth 对某事物产生琢磨的兴趣. intelligently adv. 复合： in`telligence test test to measure sb's mental ability 智力测验. Cf 参看 aptitude test (aptitude).

intelligentsia
[in7teli'dVentsiE; in7telE'dVentsiE] n the intelligentsia [Gp] (usu approv or derog 通常作褒义或作贬义) those people within a community who areof high intelligence and concern themselves with mattersof culture, learning, etc; intellectuals as a class 知识界; 知识阶层.

intelligible
[in'telidVEbl; in'telidVEbl] adj that can be (easily) understood 可（易）理解的: * intelligible speech 明白易懂的讲话 * a muddled explanation which was scarcely intelligible 难以理解的胡涂解释. 派生： intelligibility/in7telidVE'bilEti; in7telidVE'bilEti] n [U] quality of being intelligible 可理解性. intelligibly adv.

intemperate
[in'tempErEt; in'tempErEt] adj (fml 文) showing lack of self-control 无节制的; 放纵的: * intemperatehabits, ie esp excessive drinking of alcohol 无节制的习惯（尤指纵酒） * His intemperate (ie thoughtlessly angry or rude) remarks got him into trouble. 他言语肆无忌惮, 惹出了是非. > intemperance[-pErEns; -pErEns] n [U]. intemperately adv.

intend
[in'tend; in'tend] v 1 (a) [Tn, Tf, Tt, Tnt, Tg, Cn.n/a, Dn.n] ~ sth (as sth) have (a particular purpose or plan) in mind; mean 打算; 意欲; 想要: * I meant it to be an informal discussion, but it didn't turn out as I intended (it should). 我本想随便商量一下, 结果事与愿违. * It's not what I intended (it to be). 那并不是我的本意. * I hear they intend to marry/intend marrying. 听说他们要结婚了. * I intended to do it, but I'm afraid I forgot. 我本有意去做, 但很遗憾, 我忘记了. * I don't intend to listen to this rubbish any longer! 我再也不想听这种无稽之谈了! * I intended it as a joke. 我不过说笑罢了. * He intends you no harm, ie does not plan to harm you. 他对你并无恶意. (b) [Tf, Tnt] have (sth) as a fixed plan or purpose for sb else 为某人定下计画或目标: * I intend that you shall take over the business. 我有意让你接管公司. * I intend you to take over. 我打算让你来接管. * You weren't intended (ie supposed) to hear that remark. 你按说不应该听那些话. 2 [Dn.pr] ~ sth for sb plan that sb should receive or be affected by sth 为某人准备某事物; 要使某人受某事物的影响: * I think the bomb was intended for (ie planned to harm) me. 我认为那颗炸弹是要炸我的. 3 [Cn.n/a] ~ sth as sth plan that sth should be or become sth 打算使某事物成为另一事物: * Was that remark intended as (ie supposed to be) a joke? 那句话是不是当作笑话说的? 4 [Tn.pr] ~ sth by sth plan that sth should have the specified meaning 欲使某事物具有某意义; 意指; 意谓: * What did he intend by that remark? 他说那话是什麽意思? 派生： intended[-did; -did] adj 1 [attrib 作定语] planned; meant; desired 计画的; 打算的; 意欲的: * the intended meaning, result, effect, purpose 原来的意思、 想要的结果、 预期的效果、 原有的目的. 2 ~ for sb/sth [pred 作表语] planned or designed for sb/sth 为（某人[某事物]）计画或设计:

intend1
* a book, course, programme, etc intended for children, adults, beginners, etc 为儿童、 成人、 初学者等而写的书、 开设的课程、 编排的节目等 * water (not) intended for drinking （非）饮用水.

intense
[in'tens; in'tens] adj (-r, -st) 1 (of sensations) very great or severe; extreme （指感觉）强烈的, 剧烈的, 极度的: * intense heat, pain, etc 酷热、 剧痛. 2 (of emotions, etc) very strong （指感情等）强烈的, 热烈的: * intense interest, anger, jealousy, convictions, etc 浓厚的兴趣、 盛怒、 极端的忌妒、 强烈的信念. 3 (of people) highly emotional （指人）热情的, 易动感情的. 派生： intensely adv. intensify[-sifai; -sE7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become more intense or intensive （使某事物）变得更强烈、 剧烈或尖锐; 加剧: * Her anger intensified. 她更加生气了. * The terrorists have intensified their bombing campaign. 恐怖分子增加了炸弹爆炸活动. intensification/in7tensifi'keiFn; in7tensEfE'keFEn] n [U]. intensifier/in'tensifaiE(r); in'tensE7fail] n (grammar) word (esp an adj or adv, eg so, such, very) that strengthens the meaning of another word 强调成分（尤指形容词或副词, 如so、 such、 very, 起加强另一词词义的作用）. intensity[-sEti; -sEti] n [U] 1 state or quality of being intense 强烈; 剧烈; 紧张: * work with greater intensity 更加紧张地工作. 2 strength of emotion （感情的）强烈程度, 深刻程度: * I didn't realize the intensity of people's feelings on this issue. 我没有意识到这一问题能引起群情激奋.

intensive
[in'tensiv; in'tensiv] adj 1 (a) concentrating all one's effort on a specific area 集中的; 密集的: * intensive bombardment of a town 密集轰击某城镇 * intensive farming, ie aimed at producing large quantities of food by concentrating labour and care in small areas 集约耕作（旨在小块土地上集中劳力精耕细作以获高产的方法）. (b) involving hard work concentrated into a limited amount of time 在有限时间内紧张工作的: * They teach you English in an intensive course lasting just a week; it's quite an intensive few days! 他们用一周时间教速成英语课程, 那几天可真紧张! 2 extremely thorough 彻底的: * An intensive search failed to reveal any clues. 经过彻底搜查未发现任何线索. 3 (grammar) giving force and emphasis 加强语气的: * In `It's a bloody miracle!’, `bloody' is used as an intensive word. 在`It's a bloody miracle!'一句中, `bloody'是用作加强语气的词. 派生： intensive n (grammar) intensive word; intensifier 增强语气的词; 强调成分. -intensive (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) using or requiring a lot of the stated thing 集约的; 密集的: a capital-intensive/labour-intensive industry. intensively adv. 复合： in,tensive `care (part of a hospital giving) constant attention in the treatment of seriously ill patients （医院中对重病人的）特别护理（病房）: The accident victims are in/have been taken into intensive care. 事故受害者在特别护理中[已送进特别护理病房].

intent
1[in'tent; in'tent] adj 1 (of looks, attention, etc) full of eager interest and concentration （指神情、 注意力等）专心的, 渴望的, 热切的: * watch with an intent gaze, look, expression, etc 以专心致志的目光、 样子、 神情等看着. 2 [pred 作表语] ~ on/upon sth/doing sth (a) having the stated firm intention 热中; 坚决: * He's intent on getting promotion, and no one's going to stop him! 他一心一意想得到晋升, 谁也劝阻不了他. (b) occupied in doing sth with great concentration 专心; 专注: * I was so intent (up)on my work that I didn't notice the time. 我专心工作, 没有留意时间. > intently adv: * I listened intently to what she had to say. 我聚精会神地听她说话. intentness n [U].

intention
[in'tenFn; in'tenFEn] n 1 (a) [C, U] ~ (of doing sth/that...) that which one proposes or plans to do 意图; 意向; 目的; 打算: * What are your intentions? ie What do you plan to do? 你有什麽打算? * She's keeping her intentions to herself, ie not telling anyone what she plans to do. 她对自己的意图秘而不宣. * I came with the/every intention of staying, but now I've decided to leave. 我来时一心想留下, 但现在我已决定离开. * My intention was to stay. 我原意要留下. * I have no intention of coming (ie I shall certainly not come) to this terrible place again! 我再也不想到这个糟糕的地方 来了. * (dated 旧) Peter asked the young man if his intentions were honourable, ie if he intended to marry his daughter, whom he was courting. 彼得问那年轻人是否真心实意要娶他的女儿. (b) [U] (fml 文) intending 有意; 蓄意: * I'm sorry I offended you; it wasn't my intention. 对不起, 我冒犯您了, 但决不是有意的. 2 [C] purpose or aim; meaning 意图; 目的; 意思: * What do you think was the author's intention in this passage? 你认为作者写这一段的用意是什麽? 3 (idm 习语) the road to hell is paved with good intentions => road. with the best of intentions => best3. 派生： -intentioned (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having the specified intentions 有某种意图的: ill-intentioned * well-intentioned.

intentional
[in'tenFEnl; in'tenFEnl] adj done on purpose; not accidental; intended 存心的; 故意的; 蓄意的: * If I hurt your feelings, it was not intentional. 我若伤了你的感情, 那并不是有意的. * an intentional foul in football 足球赛中的故意犯规. 派生： intentionally[-FEnEli; -FnEli] adv deliberately 故意地; 蓄意地; 存心地: * I would never intentionally hurt your feelings. 我决不会有意伤害你的感情.

inter
city

inter alia
[7intEr 'eiliE; 7intl'eliE] (Latin 拉) among other things 除了其他事物之外.

interact
[7intEr'Akt; 7intl'Akt] v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) act or have an effect on each other 相互作用; 相互影响: * chemicals that interact to form a new compound 相互作用形成新化合物的化学物质 * ideas that interact 相互影响的想法. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb) (of people) act together or co-operatively, esp so as to communicate with each other （指人）一起活动或互相合作（尤指为互相联系）: * a sociologist studying the complex way in which people interact (with each other) at parties 研究人们在聚会中互相交往的复杂方式的社会学家. 派生： interaction[-'AkFn; -'AkFEn] n (a) [U] ~(among/between sb/sth); ~ (with sb/sth) interacting; co-operation 一起活动; 合作; 配合: * Increased interactionbetween different police forces would improve the rate of solving crimes. 加强警察队伍之间的相互配合可改善处理罪案的效率. (b) [C] instance of this 一起活动; 合作; 配合. interactive[-'Aktiv; -'Aktiv] adj 1 ~ (with sb/sth) (of two or more people or things) interacting （指至少两个人或物）一起活动或互相合作的: * The psychotherapy is carried out in small interactive groups. 这种心理治疗是在一起活动的小组之间进行的. 2 (computing 计) allowing a continuous two-way transfer of information between a computer and the person using it 交互式的; 人机对话的.

interbreed
[7intE'bri:d; 7intl'brid] v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (with sth) (cause individuals of different species to) breed together, so producing a hybrid （使）杂交繁殖, 生育杂种: * These two types of dog can interbreed/be interbred (with each other). 这两种类型的狗可以杂交繁殖.

intercede
[7intE'si:d; 7intl'sid] v (fml 文) 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb) (for/on behalf of sb) plead (with sb) to be merciful (to sb) （为他人）（向某人）求情: * We have interceded with the authorities on behalf of people unfairly imprisoned there, ie asked them to release the prisoners. 我们代表含冤系狱的人向当局求情（予以释放）. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (between A and B) act as an intermediary (between two people, groups, countries that cannot agree), trying to help them settle their differences （在两人、 两集团、 两国之间）调解, 调停, 斡旋. 派生： intercession[7intE'seFn; 7intl'seFEn] n (a) [U] interceding 求情; 调解; 调停; 斡旋. (b) [C] plea on behalf of sb 代某人求情.

intercept
[7intE'sept; 7intl'sept] v [Tn] stop or catch (sb travelling or sth in motion) before he or it can reach a destination 中途阻止或拦截（某人[某物]）: * Reporters intercepted him as he tried to leave by the rear entrance. 他想从後门溜走, 记者把他截住了. * Effective defence is a matter of intercepting their missiles before they can reach us. 有效的防卫是不待对方导弹击中我们而先行将其拦截. * The police had been intercepting my mail, ie reading it before it was delivered. 警方一直截查我的邮件. 派生： interception[7intE'sepFn; 7intl'sepFEn] n (a) [U] intercepting 中途阻止或拦截. (b) [C] instance of this 中途阻止或拦截. interceptor[-tE(r); -tl] n person or thing that intercepts (esp a fast military plane which attacks incoming bombers) 进行中途阻止或拦截的人或物; （尤指）截击机.

interchange
[7intE'tFeindV; 7intl'tFendV] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sb) (of two people, etc) give sth to and receive sth from each other; exchange （指两人等）交换事物, 互换: * We interchanged partners; he danced with mine, and I danced with his. 我们交换了舞伴; 他和我的舞伴跳, 我和他的舞伴跳. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth/sb (with sth/sb) put each of two things or people in the other's place 使两人或两物相互易位: * interchange the front and rear tyres of a car 把汽车的前後轮胎对调 * interchange the front tyres with the rear ones 把前轮胎和後轮胎互相调换. 3 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) alternate（使某事物）交替变化: * the city's brightly-lit Christmas decorations, with their constantly interchanging colours 市里圣诞节五彩缤纷的装饰, 颜色不断变幻. 派生： interchange[5intEtFeindV; 5intl7tFendV] n 1 (a) [U] interchanging 交换; 互换: * a regular interchange of letters 经常通信. (b) [C] instance of this 交换; 互换. 2 [C] junction (eg on a motorway) where vehicles leave or join a road without crossing other lines of traffic 立体交叉道（如高速公路上的）. interchangeable[7intE'tFeindVEbl; 7intl'tFendVEbl] adj ~ (with sth) that can be interchanged, esp without affecting the way in which sth works 可交换的, 可互换的, 可交替的（尤指不影响操作的）: * a machine withinterchangeable parts 零件可替换的机器 * True synonymsare entirely interchangeable (with one another). 真正的同义词是完全可以（彼此）互换的. interchangeably adv.

intercollegiate
[7intEkE'li:dViEt; 7intlkE'lidViEt] adj existing or done between colleges 学院之间的; 大学之间的: * intercollegiate games, debates, etc 大学校际运动会、 辩论会等.

intercom
[5intEkCm; 5intl7kam] n system of communicationby means of microphones and loudspeakers, as used on an aircraft, in a large building (eg a factory), etc 内部通话系统或设备（用话筒及扩音器在飞行器、 工厂等大建 物内进行通话的躣: * make an announcement on/over the intercom 用内部通话设备宣布 * [attrib 作定语] an intercom system 内部通话设备.

intercommunicate
[7intEkE'mju:nikeit; 7intlkE'mjunE7ket] v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb) communicate with one another; give messages to each other 互通消息; 互相联系: * The lack of a common language made it very difficult to intercommunicate (with each other). 缺乏共同语言很难（相互）联系. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) (also interconnect) (of two or more rooms, compartments, etc) have a means (eg door or corridor) of passing from one to another （指房间、 隔间等）相通（如经门或过道）: * We had intercommunicating rooms. 我们的房间是通间. > intercommunication[7intEkE7mu:ni'keiFn;7intlkE7mjunE'keFEn] n [U].

intercommunion
n [U] mutual communion, esp between different Churches, eg Catholic and Orthodox 互相交往（尤指教会间, 如天主教与东正教之间的）.

interconnect
[7intEkE'nekt; 7intlkE'nekt] v [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) 1 be connected with each other 互相连接; 互相联系: * It's strange how people's lives interconnect. 人 们的生活是如何互相联系在一起的, 真是不可思议. 2 = intercommunicate2. 派生： interconnected[-tid; -tid] adj ~ (with sth) that have a connection (with one another); not independent （彼此）有联系的; 相互依存的: * I see these two theories as somehow interconnected. 我认为这两种理论在某种程度上是互相关联的. interconnecting adj [attrib 作定语] joining two or more things together 将事物联结在一起的; 互相连接的: an interconnecting corridor 相连接的走廊. interconnection[-'nekFn; -'nekFEn] n (a) [U] connecting two or more things together 相互联结. (b) [C] mutual connection between two or more things 相互联系.

intercontinental
[7intE7kCnti'nentl; 7intl7kantE'nentEl] adj between continents 洲际的; 洲与洲之间的: * intercontinental travel 洲际旅行. 复合： ,interconti,nental bal,listic `missile (abbr 缩写 ICBM) missile capable of being fired a very long distance, from one continent to another, and typically having a nuclear warhead 洲际弹道导弹.

intercourse
[5intEkC:s; 5intl7kCrs] n [U] ~ (with sb); ~ (between sb and sb) (fml 文) 1 = sexual intercourse (sexual). 2 dealings with people, nations, etc （与人、 国家等的）交往, 交际: * a shy person who avoids all human intercourse 避免一切人际关系的害羞的人.

interdenominational
[7intEdi7nCmi'neiFEnl; 7intldi7namE'neFEnl] adj common to or shared by different religious denominations, eg Methodist, Baptist, Catholic 各不同宗教派别（如循道公会、 浸礼会、 天主教）间所共有的; 超宗派的.

interdepartmental
[7intE7di:pa:t'mentl; 7intldi7part'mentl] adj of or done by more than one department 各系、 部门等之间的. > interdepartmentally[-tEli;-tli] adv.

interdependent
[7intEdi'pendEnt; 5intldi'pendEnt] adj depending on each other 互相依赖的; 互相依存的: * Allnations are interdependent in the modern world. 当今世界上所有国家都是互相依存的. > interdependence[-Ens; -Ens/ n [U]. interde-pendently adv.

interdict
[7intE'dikt; 7intl'dikt] v [Tn] (fml 文) 1 (esp law 尤用於法律) prohibit (an action); forbid the use of (sth) 禁止（某行动）; 禁用（某物）. 2 (in the Roman Catholic Church) forbid sb from taking part in church services and receiving Communion （天主教）禁止某人参加礼拜及领圣体. 派生： interdict[5intEdikt; 5intl7dikt] n (fml 文) (a) (law 律) prohibition from doing sth by an official order of the court （法庭的）强制令, 禁令. (b) (in the Roman Catholic Church) order forbidding sb from taking part in church services, etc （天主教）不准某人参加礼拜等之禁令, 褫夺教权的禁令. interdiction[7intE'dikFn; 7intl'dikFEn] n [C, U] (instance of) interdicting 禁止; 禁用; 禁令; 褫夺教权.

interdisciplinary
[7intE'disiplinEri; intl7disE'plinEri] adj of or covering more than one area of study 各学科间的; 跨学科的: * interdisciplinary studies 跨学科研究 * an interdisciplinary course, qualification, degree, etc 多学科课程、 资格、 学位等.

interest
1[5intrEst; 5intrEst] n 1 [U, sing] ~ (in sb/sth) state of wanting to learn or know (about sb/sth); curiosity; concern 兴趣; 好奇心; 关心: * feel, have, show, express (an) interest in sb or sth 对某人或某事物觉得有、 有、 表现有、 表示有兴趣 * a topic that arouses, provokes, stimulates, etc a lot of interest 能引起、 激起、 唤起...很大兴趣的话题 * Now he's grown up he no longer takes any interest in his stamp collection: * he's lost all interest in it. 他已经长大了, 对集邮不再感兴趣了, 完全失去了兴趣了. * do sth (just) for interest/out of interest/for interest's sake, ie (just) to satisfy a desire for knowledge （纯粹）因为有兴趣[从兴趣出发/为了兴趣]而做某事（以满足求知欲）. 2 [U] quality that arouses concern or curiosity; power to hold one's attention 引起关心或好奇心的性质; 趣味; 吸引力: * The subject may be full of interest to you, but it holds no interest for me. 这个问题即使你兴味盎然, 我也是兴味索然. * Suspense adds interest to a story. 故事中的悬疑情节更加引人入胜. 3 [C] thing with which one concerns oneself or about which one is enthusiastic 令人感兴趣的事物; 爱好: * a person of wide, varied, narrow, limited interests 兴趣广泛、 多样、 狭窄、 有限的人 * Her main interests in life are music, tennis and cooking. 她生活中的主要爱好是音乐、 网球和烹饪. 4 [C usu pl 通常作复数] advantage; benefit 好处; 利益; 福利: * look after, protect, safeguard, etc one's own interests, ie make sure that nothing is done to one's disadvantage 照顾、 保护、 保卫...自己的利益 * He has your best interests at heart, ie is acting for your advantage. 他处处为你的利益着想. 5 [C usu pl 通常作复数] ~ (in sth) legal right to share in sth (eg a business), esp in its profits （某事物中的）合法权益（如企业中的）（尤指利润）: * He has considerable business interests. 他有很多企业股份.

interest1
* American interests in Europe, eg capital invested in European countries 美国在欧洲的权益（如在欧洲各国的投资） * sell one's interest in a company 把自己在某公司的股份售出. 6 [C] ~ (in sth) personal connection with sth from which one may benefit, esp financially 利害关系（尤指财务上的）: * If a Member of Parliament wishes to speak about a company with which he is connected, he must declare his interest. 下院议员若想谈论与其有关的公司的事, 则必须申明他和该公司的利益关系. 7 [U] ~ (on sth) (finance 财) money charged for borrowing money, or paid to sb who invests money 利息: * pay interest on a capital sum 付一笔资金的利息 * the rate of interest, ie payment made by the borrower expressed as a percentage of capital 利率 * interest at 10% 利率为10% * [attrib 作定语] the interest rate 利率 * an interest-free loan, ie on which one does not have to pay interest 无息贷款. 8 [C usu pl 通常作复数] (often derog 常作贬义) group of people engaged in the same business, etc or having sth in common （企业等的）同行; 有共同之处的人: * landed interests, ie landowners 土地所有者 * Powerful business interests (ie large business firms collectively) are influencing the government's actions. 强有力的企业集团影响着政府采取的措施. * [attrib 作定语] influential interest groups 有影响的有共同利益的各集团. 9 (idm 习语) in sb's interest(s) for or to sb's advantage 为某人的利益; 对某人有好处; 有利於某人: * sth that is not in the public interest 不符合公众利益的事 * It would be in your interests to accept. 接受下来对你有利. in the interest(s) of sth for the sake of sth 为某事物的缘故: * In the interest(s) of safety, no smoking is allowed. 为了安全, 严禁吸烟. a vested interest => vest2. (repay, return, etc sth) with interest (a) (finance 财) (give back a sum of money) adding a percentage of interest 加息（还款）.

interest2
(b) (fig infml 比喻, 口) (respond to an action, good or bad, by doing it to the doer) with added force 加重回报: * return a blow, a kindness with interest 重重回击、 加倍报答好意.

interface
[5intEfeis; 5intl7fes] n 1 surface common to two areas 界面; 分界面. 2 (computing 计) electrical circuit linking one device with another and enabling data coded in one format to be transmitted in another 接口（连接两装置的电路, 可使数据从一种代码转换成另一种代码）. 3 (fig 比喻) place where two subjects, etc meet and affect each other （两学科等的）相接触并相互影响之处: * at the interface of art and science 在艺术与科学的交汇处 * at the art/science interface 在艺术[科学]交接处.

interfere
[7intE'fiE(r); 7intl'fir] v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (in sth); ~ (between sb and sb) concern oneself with or take action affecting sb else's affairs without the right to do so or being invited to do so 干涉; 介入; 干预: * Don't interfere in matters that do not concern you! 不要干预与你无关的事! * It's unwise to interfere between husband and wife. 夫妻间的事最好不要管. 2 [Ipr] ~ with sth (a) handle, adjust, etc sth without permission, esp so as to cause damage （未得允许）摆弄; （尤指）弄坏: * Who's been interfering with the clock? It's stopped. 是谁摆弄这钟来着? 已经不走了. (b) obstruct sth wholly or partially; prevent sth from being done or carried out properly 阻碍; 妨碍; 妨害: * interfere with sb else's plans 妨碍某人的计画 * Don't allow pleasure to interfere with duty. 不要让娱乐妨碍了职责. 3 [Ipr] ~ with sb (a) distract or hinder sb 干扰或妨碍某人: * Don't interfere with him while he's working. 他工作的时候不要打搅他. (b) (Brit euph 婉) assault sb sexually （在性方面）侵犯某人: * The police reported that the murdered child had not been interfered with. 警方报告说被害儿童没有遭到性侵犯. 派生： interference[7intE'fiErEns; 7intl'firEns] n [U] 1 ~ (in/with sth) interfering 干涉; 干预; 摆弄; 妨碍; （性的）侵犯: * I don't want any interference from you! 我用不着你来干涉! 2 (a) (radio 无) prevention of clear reception because a second signal is being transmitted on a wavelength close to the first 干扰: * interference from foreign broadcasting stations 外来广播电台的干扰. (b) (computing 计) presence of unwanted signals in a communications circuit 干扰. (c) (sport 体 esp US) (in ice hockey, American football, etc) unlawful obstruction of an opposing player （冰球, 美国橄榄球等）阻挡犯规. interfering adj [attrib 作定语] likely to concern oneself annoyingly with other people's affairs, to try to control what they do, etc 好干涉的; 爱管闲事的: She's an interfering old busybody! 她是个爱管闲事的女人!

interferon
[7intE'fiErEn; 7intE'fi7ran] n [U] type of protein produced by the body cells when attacked by a virus which acts to prevent the further development of the virus 干扰素.

interim
[5intErim; 5intErim] n (idm 习语) in the interimduring the time that comes between; meantime 在其间; 在其时: * `My new job starts in May.’ `What are you doing in the interim?’ ‘我的新工作五月开始.’‘这期间你干什麽呢?’ 派生： interim adj [attrib 作定语] existing or in force only for a short time; temporary; provisional 暂时的; 临时的: interim arrangements, measures, proposals, etc 临时的安排、 措施、 建议等 * an interim loan, payment, etc 临时的借贷、 付款等 * an interim report, ie one made before the main or final report 期中报告.

interior
[in'tiEriE(r); in'tiril] n 1 [C usu sing 通常作单数] inner part; inside 内部; 里面: * the interior of a house 房子的内部 * a house with a classical exterior and a modern interior 外表古色古香而内部装饰现代化的房子 * [attrib 作定语] an interior room 内室 * an interior-sprung mattress, ie with springs inside 弹簧床垫 * (fig 比喻) an interior monologue, ie sb's thoughts, eg as recorded in a novel 内心独白（如小说中的）. Cf 参看 exterior. 2 the interior [sing] inland part of a country or continent 内地; 腹地; 内陆: * the jungles of the interior of Africa 非洲内地的丛林 * explorers who penetrated deep into the interior 深入腹地的探险者. 3 the Interior [sing] domestic affairs of a country, as dealt with by its government (in the UK, the responsibility of the Home Office) 内政, （国家的）内务（在英国指内政部的事务）: * the Department/Minister of the Interior 内政部[大臣]. 复合： in,terior `decorator person who decorates the inside of a house or other building with paint, wallpaper, etc 室内装饰工匠. in,terior de`sign planned choice of style, colour, furnishing, etc for the inside of a house, flat, etc 室内设计. in,terior de`signer person who is expert in this 室内设计师.

interject
[7intE'dVekt; 5intl'dVekt] v [Tn, Tn.pr, Tf] ~ sth (into sth) make (a sudden remark) that interrupts what sb else is saying 突然插入（言语）; 打断（别人的话）: * If I may interject a note of caution into the discussion... 请容我在讨论中插句话, 要注意... * When I brought up the question of funding, he quickly interjected that it had been settled. 我刚提出筹集基金的问题, 他急忙插嘴说问题已经解决了. 派生： interjection[7intE'dVekFn; 7intl'dVekFEn] n (grammar) word or phrase used as an exclamation (eg Oh!, Hurray! or For goodness sake!) 叹词, 感叹语（如‘啊!’‘好哇!’或‘看在老天爷的面上!’）.

interlace
[7intE'leis; 7intl'les] v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (with sth) (cause things to) be joined by weaving or lacing together; cross (one thing with another) as if woven （使东西）编结, 交织; 使（物与另一物）交错: * interlacing branches 交错的树枝 * interlace sb's hair with ribbons 用缎带把某人的头发编扎起来.

interlard
[7intE'la:d; 7intl'lard] v [Tn.pr] ~ sth with sth (rhet often derog 修辞, 常作贬义) mix (ordinarywriting, speech, etc) with unusual or striking expressions,eg quotations or foreign phrases 使（一般的文字、 话语等）夹杂生僻的或惊人的词语（如语录或外来语）: * essays liberally interlarded with quotations from the poets 大量掺杂诗人名句的文章.

interleave
[7intE'li:v; 7intl'liv] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ B (between A)[~ A (with B) insert (extra pages, usu blank ones) between the pages of a book 在书页间加（页, 通常为空白页）: * The exercise book has plain pages interleaved between its lined ones/has lined pages interleaved with plain ones. 横格练习簿的页间已插入空白页.

interline
[7intE'lain; 7intl'lain] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) 1 put an extra layer of material between the fabric of (a garment) and its lining in order to give firmness or extra warmth （在衣服的面与里之间）加内衬: * interline a coat (with wool, acrylic fibre, etc) 在大衣内加（毛的、 丙稀酸纤维等的）内衬. 2 (also interlineate/ 9IntE5lInI`eIt; 9IntL`lInI9et/) write or print additional material between the lines of (a text) 在（正文）的字行间加写或加印: * interline a book with notes, glosses, etc 在书中作评注、 注解等. 派生： interlining[5intElainiN; 5intl7lainiN] n (usu sing 通常作单数) material used to interline a garment 作内衬的材料; 衬布.

interlinear
[7intE'liniE(r); 7intl'linil] adj (written or printed) between the lines of a text 在行间（书写或印刷）的.

interlink
[7intE'liNk; 7intl'liNk] v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (with sth) (a) link (sth) (with sth) 将（某物）（与他物）连结: * chains which interlink/are interlinked 互相连结的链子. (b) (fig 比喻) connect (sth) or be connected closely (with sth) 将（某物）（与他物）相连或相接: * transport systems that interlink with each other 互相衔接的交通运输系统 * destinies that are interlinked 休戚与共的命运.

interlock
[7intE'lCk; 7intl'lak] v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (with sth) fit (things which are joined together) firmly so they do not come apart 使（东西）结合、 连接、 连锁、 互锁: a system of interlocking parts 各部分互相结合的设备 * two pieces of machinery, pipe, etc that interlock 互相连接的两个机械、 管子等 * They walked along holding hands, their fingers interlocked. 他们手指交错, 携手而行. * interlock one pipe with another 把一根管子和另一根管子连接起来. 派生： interlock[5intElCk; 5intl7lak] n 1 [C] (computing 计) device used in a logic circuit to prevent certain operations from occurring unless preceded by certain events 互锁设备. 2 [U] machine-knitted fabric with fine stitches 双罗纹针织品.

interlocutor
[7intE'lCkjutE(r); 7intl'lakjEtl] n (fml 文) person taking part in a conversation or discussion 参加对话或讨论的人: * my interlocutor, ie the person talking to me 我的对话者（与我谈话的人）.

interloper
[5intElEupE(r); 7intl'lopl] n person who is present in a place where he does not belong, interferes in sth which is not his affair, etc; intruder 闯入者; 干涉他人事务者: * Security guards were stationed at the door to deal with any interlopers. 门口已设警卫人员以阻止闯入的人.

interlude
[5intElu:d; 5intl7lud] n 1 (a) short period of time separating the parts of a play, film, etc; interval （戏剧、 电影等的）中间休息, 幕间休息: * There will now be a 15-minute interlude. 现在有15分钟的中间休息. (b) piece performed during this 中间休息时演出的节目: * a musical interlude 音乐插曲. 2 period of time coming between two events 两事件间的时间: * a brief interlude of peace between two wars 两场战争之间的短暂的和平. 3 event or phase of a different kind occurring in the middle of something 某事过程中发生的事件或片段: * a comic interlude, ie during a serious drama or during sb's life 幽默插曲（幕间的或某人生活中的）. =>Usage at break2 用法见break2.

intermarry
[7intE'mAri; 7intl'mAri] v (pt, pp -ried) [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb) 1 (of racial, religious, etc groups) become connected by marriage with other groups （指不同种族、 宗教等的人）通婚: * blacks intermarrying with whites 与白人通婚的黑人 * Catholics intermarrying with Protestants 和基督教徒通婚的天主教徒. 2 marry sb within one's own family or group （家族或群体内部）通婚: * cousins who intermarry (with one another), eg in a royal family 通婚的堂表兄弟姐妹（如在皇族中）. 派生： intermarriage[7intE'mAridV; 7intl'mAridV] n [U] such marriage （种族、 宗教、 家族之间的）通婚.

intermediary
[7intE'mi:diEri; - -dieri; 7intl'midi7eri] n ~ (between sb and sb) person who acts as a means of communication between two or more others 中间人; 调解人; 斡旋人: * They disliked each other too much to meet, so they conducted all their business through an intermediary. 他们彼此交恶不愿相见, 有事均通过中间人处理. 派生： intermediary adj acting in such a way 居间的; 中间人的; 调解的: play an intermediary role in a dispute 在一场争吵中起调停人的作用.

intermediate
[7intE'mi:diEt; 7intl'midiEt] adj ~ (between A and B) (a) situated or coming between two people, things, etc in time, space, degree, etc （时间、 空间、 程度等）介於（两人、 物等）之间的, 居间的: * at an intermediate point, level, stage, etc 在中间的一点、 水平、 阶段等 * The pupa is at an intermediate stage of development; it is intermediate between the egg and the adult butterfly. 蛹是蝴蝶发育的中间阶段, 介於卵和成虫之间. (b) between elementary and advanced 中级的: * an intermediate course, book, level 中级的课程、 书、 水平. > intermediately adv. 复合： inter,mediate-range (bal,listic) `missile missile (typically nuclear) designed to attack targets between long-range and short-range 中程（弹道）导弹（多为核导弹）.

interment
[in'tE:mEnt; in'tEmEnt] n (fml 文) [C, U] burying of a dead body 埋葬; 安葬. Cf 参看 inter.

intermezzo
[7intE'metsEu; 7intl'metso] n (pl ~s or -zzi[-tsi; -tsi] ) (music 音) (a) short composition to be played between the acts of a drama or an opera, or one that comes between the main movements of a symphony or some other large work 幕间插曲; 间奏曲. (b) short instrumental piece in one movement 单乐章的短小的器乐曲: * two intermezzi by Brahms 布拉姆斯的两首单乐章的短小的器乐曲.

interminable
[in'tE:minEbl; in'tEminEbl] adj (usu derog 通常作贬义) going on too long, and usu therefore annoying or boring 持续得过长的（通常指使人恼怒或厌烦）: * an interminable argument, debate, sermon, etc 没完没了的争论、 辩论、 说教等. > interminably[-EblI; -EblI/ adv: * We had to wait interminably. 我们只好乾等着.

intermingle
[7intE'miNgl; 7intl'miNgl] v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sb/sth) (with sb/sth) (cause people, ideas, substances, etc to) mix together （使人、 思想、 物质等）混合: * Oil and water will not intermingle. 油和水不相融合. * a busy trading port, where people of all races intermingle (with each other) 一个繁忙的贸易港口, 各种族的人（相互）混在一起 * a book which intermingles fact with fiction 事实和虚构情节交织的书.

intermission
[7intE'miFn; 7intl'miFEn] n [C, U] period of time during which sth stops before continuing; interval; pause 暂停; 中间休息; 幕间休息: * a short intermission halfway through a film 电影放映中途的短暂休息 * The fever lasted five days without intermission. 连续发烧五天. =>Usage at break2 用法见break2.

intermittent
[7intE'mitEnt; 7intl'mitnt] adj continually stopping and then starting again; not constant 断续的; 间歇的: * intermittent flashes of light from a lighthouse 灯塔发出的一闪一灭的光 * intermittent bursts of anger, energy, interest, etc 一阵一阵的怒气、 精力、 兴趣等 * an intermittent fever 间歇热. > intermittently adv.

intermix
[7intE'miks; 7intl'miks] v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sb/sth) (with sb/sth) (cause people, things, ideas, etc to) mix together; intermingle （使人、 物、 思想等）混合. 派生： intermixture[7intE'mikstFE(r); 7intl'mikstFl] n [C, U] (instance of) intermixing 混合: * a confusing intermixture of fact and fiction 事实和虚构情节杂乱的大混合.

intern
1[in'tE:n; in'tEn] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (in sth) put sb (eg a terrorist or sb from an enemy country) in prison, a camp, etc, esp during a war and without trial 将某人（如恐怖分子或敌国的人）拘留、 扣押（於监狱、 拘留营等, 尤指战时不经审讯的）. 派生： internee[7intE:'ni:; 7intE'ni] n person who is interned （在上述情况下）被拘留者. internment/in'tE:nmEnt; in'tEnmEnt] n [U]: * the internment of enemy aliens 对敌国侨民的拘留 * [attrib 作定语] an internment camp 拘留营.

internal
[in'tE:nl; in'tEnl] adj 1 of or on the inside 内部的; 在内部的: * the internal workings of a machine 机器内部的运转 * holding an internal inquiry (ie within an organization) to find out who is responsible 进行内部调查, 找出应对此事承担责任的人 * (mathematics 数) an internal angle, eg one of the three inside a triangle 内角. Cf 参看 external. 2 (medical 医) of the inside of the body 体内的: * internal organs 内脏 * internal medicine, ie medical study of the interior of the body 内科学 * (infml 口) She's been having some internal problems. 她一直有些内科疾病. 3 of the mind, but not outwardly expressed 内心的; 精神的: * wrestling with internal doubts 疑虑重重心神不定. 4 (of examinations, etc) set and marked within a school, university, college, etc （指考试等）校内的: * an internal examiner, ie one who marks papers from his own college, etc 校内主考人. 5 of political, economic, etc affairs within a country, rather than abroad; domestic 国内的; 内政的: * internal trade, revenue, etc 国内贸易、 税收等. 6 (derived from) within the thing itself （得自）本身的: * a theory which lacks internal consistency, ie of which the parts do not fit together 缺乏内部一致性的理论 * internal evidence, eg of when a book was written 内在证据（如从书中可知悉其写作时间）. 派生： internalize, -ise[-nElaiz; -nlaiz] v [Tn] (psychology心) make (attitudes, behaviour, language, etc) fully part of one's nature or mental capacity, by learning or unconsciously assimilating them 使（态度、 看法、 行为、 语言等经学习或同化）内在化（成为本性或主观意识）. internalization, -isation/in7tE:nElai'zeiFn; - -li'z-; in7tEnElE'zeFEn] n [U, C]. internally[-nEli; -nli] adv: * medicine that is not to be taken internally, ie not swallowed 不可内服的药 * a theory which is not internally consistent 不能自圆其说的理论.

internal1
复合： in,ternal com`bustion process by which power is produced by the explosion of gases or vapours inside a cylinder (as in a car engine) 内燃（由气缸内气体膨胀产生动力的方法, 如汽车的发动机的）: [attrib 作定语] an internal-combustion engine 内燃机. Internal Revenue Service (US) government departmentresponsible for collecting domestic taxes 国内税务署. Cf 参看 Inland Revenue (inland).

international
[7intE'nAFnEl; 7intl'nAFEnl] adj of, carried on by or existing between two or more nations 国际的; 国际间进行的: * international sport, trade, law 国际体育运动、 国际贸易、 国际法 * an international agreement, conference, flight 国际协定、 会议、 航班 * an international call, ie a telephone call to another country 国际电话 * an international incident, ie a crisis between two or more nations 国际事件 * a pianist with an international reputation 享有国际声誉的钢琴家. 派生： international n 1 (sport 体) (a) contest involving teams from two or more countries 国际比赛: the France-Scotland Rugby international 法国对苏格兰的橄榄球赛. (b) player who takes part in an international contest 国际比赛选手: a retired Welsh Rugby international 退休的威尔士橄榄球队国际选手. 2 International any of four socialist or communist associations for workers of all countries, formed in 1864, 1889, 1919 and 1938 第一国际（1864年）、 第二国际（1889年）、 第叁国际（1919年）或第四国际（1938年）. internationalize, -ise[7intE'nAFnElaiz; 7intl'nAFEnl7aiz] v [Tn] bring (sth) under the combined control or protection of all or many nations; make international 将（某事物）置於国际共管之下; 使国际化: * Should the Suezand Panama Canals be internationalized? 苏伊士运河和巴拿马运河应归国际共管吗? internationalization,-isation/ 9IntE9nAFnElaI5zeIFn; ?@ -lI5z-; 9IntL9nAFEnlE`zeFEn] n [U]. internationally[-nEli; -nli] adv: * an internationally known pianist 国际知名的钢琴家.

Internationale
[7intEnFE'na:l; 7intlnAFE'nal] n the Internationale [sing] (revolutionary) socialist song 《国际歌》.

internationalism
[7intE'nAFnElizEm; 7intl'nAFEnl7izEm] n [U] belief in the need for friendly co-operation between nations 国际主义. 派生： internationalist[-FnElist; -FEnElist] n person who supports or believes in internationalism 国际主义者.

interne
= intern2.

internecine
[7intE'ni:sain; 7intl'nisain] adj causing destruction to both sides 两败俱伤的: * internecine strife, war, conflict, etc 两败俱伤的争斗、 战争、 冲突等.

interpellate
[in'tE:peleit; - 7intEr'peleit; 7intl'pelet] v [Tn] (in some parliaments, eg the French and Japanese) question (a government Minister) about a matter of government policy, thus interrupting parliamentary proceedings （在某些议会中如法国和日本）（就政府政策）质询（部长或大臣）而中断议会议程. 派生： interpellation/in7tE:pE'leiFn; in7tEpE'leFEn] n [C, U] (instance of) interpellating （议会中就政府政策向部长或大臣提出的）质询.

interpenetrate
[7intE'penitreit; 7intl'penE7tret] v [I,Tn] penetrate (each other), esp so as to lose individuality; spread through (sth) thoroughly in each direction 互相渗透（尤指因而失去原有特性）; 贯穿; 扩散: * two cultures, originally distinct, which have so interpenetrated (each other) as to become virtually a single culture 两种起源截然不同的文化互相渗透以致实际上已融为一体. 派生： interpenetration[7intE7peni'treiFn; 7intl7penE'treFEn] n [C, U] (instance of) interpenetrating or being interpenetrated 渗透; 贯穿; 扩散.

interpersonal
[7intE'pE:sEnl; 7intl'pEsEnl] adj existingor done between two people 人与人之间的; 人际的:,interpersonal re`lations 人际关系.

interplanetary
[7intE'plAnitri; - -teri; 7intl'plAnE7teri] adj between planets 行星间的: * an interplanetary flight 在行星间的航行.

interplay
[5intEplei; 5intl7ple] n [U] ~ (of A and B/between A and B) way in which two or more things have an effect on each other; interaction 相互作用; 相互影响; 互相合作; 一起活动: * the subtle interplay of colours (ie their combined effect) in Monet's painting 莫奈绘画中的色彩的相互掩映 * the interplay between generosity and self-interest which influences people's actions 影响人的行为的慷慨与私利两者的相互作用.

Interpol
[5intEpCl; 5intl7pol] n [Gp] International Police Commission, an organization through which national police forces can co-operate with each other 国际刑事警察组织.

interpolate
[in'tE:pEleit; in'tEpE7let] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (into sth) (fml 文) 1 make (a remark, etc) which interrupts a conversation, speech, etc 插入（言语等）: * If I may interpolate a comment, before you continue your speech... 很抱歉打断你的演讲, 请让我插句话.... 2 add (sth) to a text, book, etc, sometimes misleadingly （在文章、 书等中）插入文字等（有时指篡改）: * Close inspection showed that many lines had been interpolated into the manuscript at a later date. 经仔细检查发现不少字句是後来添写进原手稿中去的. 派生： interpolation/in7tE:pE'leiFn; in7tEpE'leFEn] n (a) [U] interpolating or being interpolated 插入言语、 文字或篡改. (b) [C] thing interpolated 插入的言语或文字.

interpose
[7intE'pEuz; 7intl'poz] v (fml 文) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (between A and B) place sb/sth between others 使某人[某事物]介入二者之间: * He interposed his considerable bulk (ie body) between me and the window, so that I could not see out. 他个头很大, 夹在我和窗户之间, 我看不见外边的东西了. 2 [I, Tn] interrupt, esp by making (a remark) 打断谈话; （尤指）插入（言语）: * `But how do you know that?’ he interposed. ‘那麽你是怎麽知道那件事的呢?’他插嘴问道. 派生： interposition[7intEpE'ziFn; 7intlpE'ziFEn] n (fml 文) (a) [U] interposing or being interposed 介入; 打断谈话; 插嘴. (b) [C] thing interposed 插入物; 插入的话.

interpret
[in'tE:prit; in'tEprit] v 1 [Tn] (a) explain (sth which is not easily understandable) 解释; 说明: * interpret a difficult text, an inscription, sb's dream, etc 解释一篇难懂的文字、 一篇铭文、 某人的梦等. (b) make clear or bring out the intended meaning of (a character, composition, etc) 表明或体现（人物、 作品等）的内涵: * interpret a role in a play 表演剧中某角色 * interpret a piece of music, ie as player or conductor 演奏一首乐曲（任演奏者或指挥） * Poetry helps us to interpret life. 诗歌有助於我们阐发人生的意义. 2 [Cn.n/a] ~ sth as sth understand sth in a particular way 理解; 了解: * `How would you interpret his silence?’ `I would interpret it as a refusal.’ ‘你认为他的沉默是什麽意思?’‘我认为意思是拒绝.’ 3 [I, Ipr] ~ (for sb) give a simultaneous spoken translation from one language to another 作口译: * Will you please interpret for me? 请你为我翻译一下好吗? Cf 参看 translate. 派生： interpretation/in7tE:pri5teiFn; in7tEpri5teFEn] n (a) [U] interpreting 解释; 说明; 表明; 体现; 理解; 口译. (b) [C] result of this; explanation or meaning 解释; 翻译; 含义: * the conductor's controversial interpretation of the symphony 该指挥对那交响乐曲值得商榷的理解* These facts allow of/may be given many possible interpretations. 这些事实容或[可以]作多种解释. * What interpretation would you put/place on them? ie How would you explain them? 你对这些作何解释? interpretative/in'tE:pritEtiv; in'tEpritEtiv] adj (Brit)(also esp US interpretive/in'tE:pritiv; in'tEpritiv] ) of or concerning interpretation 解释的; 说明的; 表明的; 体现的; 理解的; 口译的: * the pianist's considerable interpretative skills 那个弹钢琴的人深刻理解原作而表现的演奏技巧. interpreter n person who gives a simultaneous translation of words spoken in another language 作口译的人. Cf 参看 translator (translate).

interpret1
interpreting n [U] activity of an interpreter 口译.

interracial
[7intE'reiFl; 7intl'reFEl] adj between or involving different races 种族间的: * interracial conflict, harmony, cooperation, etc 种族间的冲突、 和谐、 合作等.

interregnum
[7intE'regnEm; 7intl'regnEm] n (pl ~s or -na[-nE; -nE] ) 1 (a) period when a state has no normal or lawful ruler, esp at the end of a sovereign's reign and before the appointment of a successor （国家无正常统治者或合法统治者的）空位期（尤指一君主的统治权结束而继任者尚未执政的时期）. (b) period in an organization when no appointed head or leader is in charge, after the resignation or death of the previous one, until a new appointment is made （一组织的新旧领导人交替间的）空位期（旧任辞职或死亡, 新任未定之际）. 2 (fig 比喻) interval or pause; gap in continuity 间歇; 停顿; 中断期间.

interrelate
[7intEri5leit; 7intlri5let] v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (with sth) (cause parts, etc to) be connected very closely so that they have an effect on each other （使各部分等）紧密联系（而相互作用）: * Many would say that crime and poverty interrelate/are interrelated (with one another). 很多人都说犯罪与贫穷是密切相关的. 派生： interrelated adj mutually related 相互联系的; 相互关联的: a complex network of interrelated parts 由相互关联的部分组成的复杂网络.

interrelation
[7intEri5leiFn; 7intlri5leFEn] , interrelationship ns [U, C] ~ (of A and B/between A and B) mutual relationship 相互关系.

interrogate
[in'terEgeit; in'terE7get] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (about sth) question sb aggressively or closely and for a long time （长时间）讯问、 审问、 盘问或质问某人: * interrogate a prisoner 审问犯人 * He refused to be interrogated about his friends. 盘问他他朋友的事, 他拒不回答. 派生： interrogation/in7terE'geiFn; in7terE'geFEn] n [C, U] (instance of) interrogating or being interrogated 讯问; 审问; 盘问; 质问: * several interrogations by police officers 由警察主持的几次审问 * The prisoner gave way under interrogation. 犯人受审而招供了. * [attrib 作定语] interrogation techniques 审问的技巧. interrogator n person who interrogates 讯问者; 审问者; 质问者.

interrogative
[7intE'rCgEtiv; 7intE'ragEtiv] adj 1 (fml 文) asking or seeming to ask a question; inquiring 讯问的; 疑问的; 探问的: * an interrogative look, glance, remark, etc 疑问的神情、 目光、 言语等 * in an interrogative tone, manner, etc 疑问的口吻、 态度等. 2 (grammar) used inquestions 用於疑问句的: * interrogative pronouns, determiners, adverbs, eg who, which, why 疑问代词、 疑问限定词、 疑问副词（如who、which、why）. 派生： interrogative n (grammar) interrogative word, esp a pronoun or determiner 疑问词（尤指代词或限定词）. interrogatively adv.

interrogatory
[7intE'rCgEtri; - -tC:ri; 7intE'ragE7tCri] adj (fml 文) interrogative(1) 讯问的; 疑问的; 探问的: * in an interrogatory tone, voice, manner, etc 以疑问的口吻、 声音、 态度等.

interrupt
[7intE'rQpt; 7intE'rQpt] v 1 [Tn] break the continuity of (sth) temporarily 暂时中断或中止（某事物）: * Trade between the two countries was interrupted by the war. 两国间贸易因战争而中断. * We interrupt this programme to bring you a news flash. 我们中断节目, 报告新闻快讯. 2 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sb/sth) (with sth) (derog 贬) stop (sb) speaking, etc or (sth) happening by speaking oneself or by causing some other sort of disturbance 打断（某人）讲话; 打岔; 打扰: * Don't interrupt (me) while I'm busy! 我正忙着, 不要打搅我! * Don't interrupt the speaker now; he will answer questions later. 现在不要打断他的话, 他稍後再回答问题. * Hecklers interrupted her speech with jeering. 诘问者的嘲笑打断了她的讲话. 3 [Tn] destroy the uniformity of (sth) 打破（某事物）的同一性或均衡性: * a vast flat plain interrupted only by a few trees 只有几棵树的广阔平原. 4 [Tn] obstruct (sth) 阻碍（某事物）: * These new flats will interrupt our view of the sea. 这些新公寓将遮住我们眺望海景的视野. 派生： interrupter n person or thing that interrupts 造成中断、 中止、 打搅或阻碍的人或事物. interruption[7intE'rQpFn; 7intE'rQpFEn] n (a) [U] interrupting or being interrupted 中断; 中止; 阻碍. (b) [C] instance of this; thing that interrupts 中断; 中止;阻碍; 阻断物; 障碍物: * Numerous interruptions have prevented me from finishing my work. 我屡遭搅扰以致工作未能完成.

intersect
[7intE'sekt; 7intl'sekt] v 1 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] divide (sth) by going across it 横断, 横切, 横穿（某物）: * a landscape of small fields intersected by hedges and streams 有绿篱和小溪纵横交错分成许多小块的田野景色. 2 [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (sth) (with sth) (of lines, roads, etc) meet and go past (another or each other) forming a cross shape （指线条、 道路等）相交, 交叉: * The lines AB and CD intersect at E. 直线AB与直线CD相交於E点. * The line AB intersects the line CD at E. 直线AB与直线CD相交於E点. * How many times do the road and railway intersect (with one another) on this map? 在这张地图上公路与铁路（彼此）相交共有多少次? 派生： intersecting adj that intersect 相交的; 交叉的: intersecting lines 相交的线. intersection[7intE'sekFn; 7intl'sekFEn] n 1 [U] intersecting or being intersected 横断; 横切; 相交; 交叉. 2 [C] point where two lines, etc intersect 交点. 3 [C] place where two or more roads intersect; crossroads 交叉路口; 十字路口.

intersperse
[7intE'spE:s; 7intl'spEs] v [Tn.pr] ~ B among/between/in/throughout A; ~ A with B vary sth by placing other things at irregular intervals among it 散置; 散布; 点缀: * intersperse flower-beds among/between the trees 树与树之间点缀着花坛 * a landscape of trees interspersed with a few flower-beds 树丛间有几个花坛的景致 * a day of sunshine interspersed with occasional showers 间中有阵雨而充满阳光的一天.

interstate
[7intE'steit; 7intl'stet] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] between states, esp in the USA 州与州间的, 州际的（尤指美国的）: * ,interstate `rivalry, `tensions, `highways 州际竞争、 紧张关系、 公路.

interstellar
[7intE'stelE(r); 7intl'stell] adj between the stars 星与星间的; 星际的: * interstellar matter, eg the masses of gas between stars 星际物质（如星间的气团） * interstellar communication 星际通讯. Cf 参看 stellar.

interstice
[in'tE:stis; in'tEstis] n (usu pl 通常作复数) ~ (of/between/in sth) (fml 文) very small gap or crack 裂隙; 缝隙; 空隙: * The interstices between the bricks let in cold air. 冷空气透过砖缝进入室内.

intertribal
[7intE'traibl; 7intl'traibl] adj between tribes 种族间的; 部落间的: * intertribal wars 部落间的战争.

intertwine
[7intE'twain; 7intl'twain] v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (with sth) be twisted so as to become joined; twist (things) so as to join them 缠结在一起; 使（东西）缠绕在一起: * Their fingers intertwined. 他们的手指在一起勾着. * His fingers intertwined with hers. 他的手指勾着她的手指. * They intertwined their fingers. 他们把手指勾在一起. * He intertwined his fingers with hers. 他用手指勾着她的手指. * (fig 比喻) Our fates seemed inextricably intertwined, ie linked. 我们的命运好像紧密相连, 难分难解.

interval
[5intEvl; 5intlvl] n 1 ~ (between sth) (a) time between two events （两事件中的）间隔时间: * the interval between a flash of lightning and the sound of thunder 闪电和雷声之间的间隙 * go out, and return after an interval of half an hour 出去, 隔半小时再回来. (b) space between two or more things （物体之间的）间隔空间: * They planted trees in the intervals between the houses. 他们在房子与房子之间种上了树. 2 (Brit) short period of time separating parts of a play, film, concert, etc （戏剧、 电影、 音乐会等的）幕间休息, 中间休息: * an interval of 15 minutes after the second act 第二幕之後的十五分钟幕间休息. 3 pause; break in activity 停顿; 中断: * an interval of silence to show respect for the dead 向死者致敬的片刻默哀 * He returned to work after an interval in hospital. 他住院一段时间以後又回来上班了. =>Usage at break2 用法见break2. 4 (esp pl 尤作复数) limited period during which sth occurs （某事发生的）一段时间: * sunny/showery intervals, ie non-continuous periods of sunshine/rain 间中放晴[有雨]的一段一段时间 * She's delirious, but has lucid intervals. 她神志昏乱, 但时而清醒. 5 (music 音) difference in pitch between two notes 音程: * an interval of one octave 一个八度音程. 6 (idm 习语) at intervals (a) with time between 每隔...时间; 间或; 不时; 时而: * At intervals she would stop for a rest. 她不时停下来休息. * He comes back to see us at regular intervals. 他每隔一段时间就回 来看看我们. * The runners started at 5-minute intervals. 赛跑的人每隔五分钟出发一批. (b) with spaces between 每隔...距离: * The trees were planted at 20 ft intervals. 这些树是每隔20英尺栽种一棵的.

intervene
[7intE'vi:n; 7intl'vin] v (fml 文) 1 [I] (of time) come or be between （指时间）进入, 介入, 在其间: * during the years that intervened 这期间的若干年里. 2 [I] (of events, circumstances) happen in such a way as to hinder or prevent sth from being done （指事情、 情形）发生（以致阻碍某事）: * I will come if nothing intervenes. 假若没有别的事, 我一定来. * We should have finished harvesting, but a storm intervened. 我们本可以收割完, 但却遇上了暴风雨. 3 [I, Ipr] ~ (in sth/between A and B) (of people) interfere so as to prevent sth happening or to change the result （指人）干涉, 干预, 调停, 调解, 斡旋: * When rioting broke out, the police were obliged to intervene. 暴乱发生时, 警察有责任干预. * intervene in a dispute, quarrel, etc 调解纠纷、 争吵等 * intervene between two people who are quarrelling 在吵架的两人间作调解 * I intervened on her behalf to try and get the decision changed. 我为她力争以求改变决定. 派生： intervening adj coming between 发生於其间的: When she came back, she found that much had changed in the intervening years. 她回来後发现这几年有了很大的变化. intervention[7intE'venFn; 7intl'venFEn] n ~ (in sth) [C, U] (instance of) interfering or becoming involved, eg to prevent sth happening 干涉, 干预, 介入（如阻止某事发生）: * armed intervention by one country in the affairs of another 一国对另一国内政的武力干涉 * He had been saved from death as if by divine intervention, ie as though God had taken action to save him. 他得以死里逃生似有神助. interventionist[-FEnist; -FEnist] n person in favour of intervening in the affairs of other countries 干涉主义者; 主张干预的人: * [attrib 作定语] interventionist policies 干涉主义政策.

interview
[5intEvju:; 5intl7vju] n ~ (with sb) 1 meeting at which sb (eg sb applying for a job) is asked questions to find out if he is suitable 面试; 面谈: * a job interview 招聘面试 * I've got an interview with National Chemicals. 我已获全国化学制品公司邀约面试. * Applicants will be called for interview in due course. 申请者将於适当时候获邀约面谈. * [attrib 作定语] an interview panel 面试小组. 2 meeting at which a reporter, etc asks sb questions in order to find out his views （记者等的）采访, 交谈, 晤谈: * a TV interview 电视采访 * I never give interviews. 我从不接受采访. * In an exclusive interview with David Frost, the former president made many revelations. 前总裁在接受戴维．弗罗斯特独家采访时透露了不少内幕情况. 3 meeting between two people to discuss important matters, usu rather formally （两人之间）会谈, 晤谈, 商谈, 面谈: * a careers interview 职业前途面谈 * I asked for an interview with my boss to discuss my future. 我请求和老板谈谈我的未来. 派生： interview v 1 [I, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth) conduct an interview with sb (eg a job applicant) 对某人进行面试或面谈（如对求职者）: I'm interviewing all this afternoon. 今天整个下午我都要进行面试. * interview a number of candidates 对一些候选人进行面谈 * We interviewed 20 people for the job. 为这份工作我们对20人进行了面试. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (about sth) (of a reporter, etc) ask sb questions in an interview （指记者等）采访, 访问: interview the Prime Minister (about government policy) （就政府政策）采访首相. interviewee[7intEvju:'i:; 7intlvju'i] n person who is interviewed （面试中）受审核者; 被接见者; 被采访者. interviewer[5intEvju:E; 5intE7vjul] n person who conducts an interview 主持面试者; 接见者; 采访者.

interweave
[7intE'wi:v; 7intl'wiv] v (pt -wove[-'wEuv; -'wov] , pp -woven[-'wEuvn; -'wovEn] ) 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (with sth) be woven or weave (sth) together 交织; 编结; 编织; 将某物交织在一起: * threads that interweave (with one another) 合股的线 * interweave wool with cotton/wool and cotton 棉毛交织. 2 [usupassive 通常用於被动语态: * Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) (fig 比喻) (a) join (two or more lives, etc) together so that they seem to be no longer separate or independent 使（至少两个生命等）结合（成一体或密不可分）: * Our lives are interwoven. 我们的命运已经结合在一起了. * Your destiny is interwoven with mine. 你的命运已和我的命运结合在一起了. (b) combine different features in writing, artistic creation, etc 将（写作、 艺术创作等的不同特点）混在一起: * primitive dance rhythms interwoven with folk melody 混有民间曲调的原始舞蹈节奏.

intestate
[in'testeit; in'testet] adj [usu pred 通常作表语] (law 律) not having made a will before death occurs 无遗嘱: * die intestate 死时没有留下遗嘱. 派生： intestacy/in'testEsi; in'testEsi] n [U] (law 律) condition of being intestate （死亡时）无遗嘱.

intestine
[in'testin; in'testin] n (usu pl 通常作复数) long tube in the body which helps to digest food and carries it from the stomach to the anus 肠: * a pain in the intestines 由肠疾患引起的疼痛 * Food passes from the stomach to the small intestine and from there to the large intestine. 食物由胃进入小肠再进入大肠. Cf 参看 abdomen. =>illus at digestive 见digestive插图. 派生： intestinal/ In5testInl or, in British use, 英式英语读作 9Intes5taInl; In`tZstInl] adj of the intestines 肠的: * intestinal disorders 肠疾.

intimate
1[5intimEt; 5intEmEt] adj 1 ~ (with sb) (a) having or being a very close and friendly relationship 亲密的; 密切的: * intimate friends 密友 * an intimate friendship 亲密的友情 * We had been intimate (ie very close friends) for some time. 我们曾经是极要好的朋友. (b) (euph 婉) having a sexual relationship, esp outside marriage 有性关系的（尤指婚外的）: * She was accused of being intimate with several men. 有人说她与几个男人关系暧昧. 2 likely or intended to encourage close relationships, esp sexual ones, typically by being small, quiet and private 便於有亲昵关系的（尤指性关系, 因环境范围小、 幽静、 无人打扰）: * an intimate restaurant, atmosphere 适宜幽会的餐厅、 气氛. 3 private and personal 私人的; 个人的: * tell a friend the intimate details of one's life 把自己生活中的隐私告诉朋友 * an intimate diary, ie one in which sb records private experiences, thoughts, emotions, etc 私人日记. 4 [attrib 作定语] (fml 文) (of knowledge) detailed and obtained by deep study or long experience （指知识）精通的, 详尽的: * an intimate knowledge of African religions 对非洲宗教的广博知识. 5 (idm 习语) be/get on intimate `terms (with sb) (come to) know sb very well and be friendly with him （渐渐）熟悉某人且关系密切: * We're not exactly on intimate terms, but we see each other fairly often. 我们虽算不上关系密切, 但还常见面. 派生： intimacy[5intimEsi; 5intEmEsi] n 1 [U] (a) state of being intimate; close friendship or relationship 亲密; 亲切; 亲昵; 关系密切. (b) (euph 婉) sexual activity 性行为. 2 intimacies [pl] (rhet 修辞) intimate actions, eg caresses or kisses 亲昵行为（如爱抚、 接吻）. intimate n intimate friend 至交; 知己; 密友; 挚友: Sir Reginald, known to his intimates as `Porky'. 雷金纳德爵士, 他的至交都叫他‘胖子’.

intimate1
intimately adv.

intimidate
[in'timideit; in'timE7det] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (into sth/doing sth) frighten sb (in order to make him do sth) 恐吓, 威胁（某人做某事）: * intimidate a witness (into silence, into keeping quiet, etc), eg by threatening him 恐吓目击证人（迫使其不出声、 保持缄默等）. 派生： intimidating adj frightening, esp because of seeming difficulty or impossibility 吓人的, 令人惊恐的（尤指因为看似很困难或不可能）: The intimidating bulk of Mt Everest rose up before the climbers. 登山者面前耸立着险峻的埃佛勒斯峰（即珠穆朗玛峰）. intimidation/in7timi'deiFn; in7timE'deFEn] n [U] intimidating or being intimidated 恐吓; 威胁: * give way to intimidation 向所受的威胁让步 * keep people in order by intimidation 用恫吓手段迫使人们就范. intimidatory/in7timi'deitEri; in'timE7detEri] adj tending to intimidate 恐吓的; 威胁的: * intimidatory tactics 恫吓手法.

into
[ 5IntE; `IntE, before vowels and finally 元音前及句末读作 5Intu:; `Intu] prep 1 (a) (moving) to a point within (an enclosed space or volume) 进入; 到...里面: * Come into the house. 到房子里来. * Throw it into the fire. 把它扔进火里. * go into town 进城 * She dived into the swimming-pool. 她头向下跳进游泳池里. * (fig 比喻) He turned and walked off into the night. 他转身走开, 消失在夜幕中. * put money into an account 把钱存入帐户. Cf 参看 out of. (b) in the direction of (sth) 朝; 向; 对着: * Speak clearly into the microphone. 对着话筒说清楚些. * Driving into the sun, we had to shade our eyes. 车朝着有太阳的方向开, 我们只好遮挡着眼睛. (c) to a point at which one hits (sb/sth) 触及或撞上（某人[某物]）: * I nearly ran into a bus when it stopped suddenly in front of me. 前面一辆公共汽车突然停住, 我险些撞上. * A lorry drove into a line of parked cars. 一辆卡车撞上了一排停着的汽车. 2 until a point during (sth) 在（某过程）中直到某一点: * He carried on working long into the night. 他一直工作到深夜. * She didn't get married until she was well into middle age. 她步入中年以後才结婚. * We're usually into May before the weather changes. 我们这儿的天气到五月份才有变化. 3 (a) (indicating a change in form as the result of an action 指因一行动而产生在形式上的变化): * turn the spare room into a study 把空房改成书房 * cut the paper into strips 把纸裁成小条 * fold the napkin into a triangle 把餐巾摺成叁角形 * collect the rubbish into a heap 把垃圾堆在一起. Cf 参看 out of. (b) (indicating a change to a specified condition or action 指改变成某种情况或行动): * frighten sb into submission 威逼某人屈从 * shocked into a confession of guilt 吓得承认有罪 * She came into power in 1979. 她於1979年掌权. (See n entries for similar examples 类似示例见有关名词词条.)

into1
4 (used to express division in mathematics 用以表示数学的‘除’): * 5 into 25 = 5. 5除25等於5. 5 (idm 习语) be into sth (infml 口) be enthusiastic about sth in which one takes an active interest 对某事物很有兴趣; 非常喜欢: * be (heavily) into yoga, science fiction, stamp collecting （极）喜爱瑜伽、 科幻小说、 集邮.

intolerable
[in'tClErEbl; in'talErEbl] adj too bad to be borne or endured 无法忍受的; 难以容忍的: * intolerable heat, noise, etc 无法忍受的炎热、 嘈杂声等 * intolerable insolence, behaviour, etc 不能容忍的侮慢、 行为等 * This is intolerable: * I've been kept waiting for three hours! 太不像话了, 让我一直等了叁个小时! > intolerably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv: * intolerably rude 粗鲁得难以忍受.

intolerant
[in'tClErEnt; in'talErEnt] adj ~ (of sb/sth)(usu derog 通常作贬义) not tolerant 不容忍的: * intolerantof opposition 不容反对. > intolerance[-Ens; -Ens] n[U]: * religious intolerance 宗教上的不容异说. intolerantlyadv.

intonation
[7intE'neiFn; 7intE'neFEn] n 1 [U] intoning 吟诵; 吟唱: * the intonation of a prayer 祈祷文的吟诵. 2 (a) [C, U] rise and fall of the pitch of the voice in speaking, esp as this affects the meaning of what is said 语音的抑扬; 语调; 音调: * In English, some questions have a rising intonation. 英语中有些疑问句需用升调. * a change of intonation 语调的变化 * [attrib 作定语] intonation patterns 语调类型. Cf 参看 inflection 2, stress 3. (b) [C] slight accent in speaking （说话时稍含民族的、 地方的或个人的）口音: * speak English with a Welsh intonation 说英语稍带威尔士口音. 3 [U] (music 音) quality of playing or singing in tune （演奏或唱歌中的）调音: * The violin's intonation was poor. 这个小提琴的调音不准.

intone
[in'tEun; in'ton] v 1 [I, Tn] recite (a prayer, psalm, etc) in a singing tone 吟诵, 吟唱（祈祷文、 赞美诗等）. 2 [Tn] (fig 比喻) say (sth) in a solemn voice 用庄重的语调说（话）.

intoxicant
[in'tCksikEnt; in'taksEkEnt] n intoxicating substance, esp alcoholic drink 醉人的物质（尤指酒类饮料）.

intoxicate
[in'tCksikeit; in'taksE7ket] v (fml 文) 1 [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: * Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (with sth) cause sb to lose self-control as a result of the effects of a drug, a gas, or (esp alcoholic) drink （用药物、 气体或饮料, 尤指酒）使某人失去自制力; 使醉: * He'd been in the bar all night and was thoroughly intoxicated. 他整夜泡在酒吧里, 烂醉如泥. 2 [Tn.pr usu passive 通常用於被动语态] ~ sb with sth (fig 比喻) excite sb greatly, beyond self-control 使某人兴奋得不能自制: * intoxicated by success, by a sense of power, etc 因成功、 觉得威风等而欣喜若狂 * intoxicated with joy, with the fresh air 为欢乐、 清新空气所陶醉. 派生： intoxication/in7tCksi'keiFn; in7taksE'keFEn] n [U] state of being intoxicated, esp drunkenness 极度兴奋; （尤指）酒醉.

intra
uterine

intra-
pref 前缀 (with adjs 与形容词结合) on the inside; within 在内部; 在内: intramuscular * intramural.

intractable
[in'trAktEbl; in'trAktEbl] adj (fml 文) not easily controlled or dealt with; hard to manage 难控制的; 难对付的; 难处理的: * intractable children 难管教的儿童 * an intractable problem 伤脑筋的问题. > intractability/in7trAktE'bilEti; 7intrAktE'bilEti] n [U]. intractably/in'trAktEbli; in'trAktEbli] adv.

intramural
[7intrE'mjuErEl; 7intrE'mjurEl] adj 1 intended for full-time students living within a college 为大专住校生而设的: * intramural courses, studies, staff 大专院校的校内课程、 学业、 教职工. 2 (US) between teams or players from the same school 校内运动队间或选手间的: * an intramural game, league 校内比赛、 校内运动队联合会.

intramuscular
[7intrE'mQskjulE(r); 7intrE'mQskjEll] adj (medical 医) within a muscle or muscles 肌肉内的: * an intramuscular injection 肌肉注射.

intransigent
[in'trAnsidVEnt; in'trAnsEdVEnt] adj (fml derog 文, 贬) unwilling to change one's views or be co-operative; stubborn 固执己见的; 不愿合作的;顽固的: * Owing to their intransigent attitude we were unable to reach an agreement. 由於他们态度僵硬, 我们无法达成协议. > intransigence[-Ens; -Ens] n [U]. intransigently adv.

intransitive
[in'trAnsEtiv; in'trAnsEtiv] adj (grammar)(of verbs) used without an object （指动词）不及物的. Cf 参看 transitive. > intransitively adv.

intrastate
[7intrE'steit; 7intrE'stet] adj (existing) within one state, esp of the USA （存在於）州内的（尤指美国）: * intrastate highways 州内公路.

intravenous
[7intrE'vi:nEs; 7intrE'vinEs] adj (medical 医) within a vein or veins 静脉内的: * an intravenous injection, ie into the bloodstream 静脉注射. > intravenously adv.

intrench
= entrench.

intrepid
[in'trepid; in'trepid] adj (esp rhet 尤作修辞) fearless; brave 无畏的; 勇敢的: * our intrepid hero 我们的无畏的英雄. 派生： intrepidity[7intri5pidEti; 7intrE'pidEti] n [U] fearlessness 无畏. intrepidly/in'trepidli; in'trepidli] adv.

intricate
[5intrikEt; 5intrEkEt] adj made up of many small parts put together in a complex way, and therefore difficult to follow or understand 错综复杂的: * an intricate piece of machinery 一部复杂的机器 * a novel with an intricate plot 情节错综复杂的小说 * the intricate windings of a labyrinth 迷宫中扑朔迷离的路线 * an intricate design, pattern, etc 复杂的设计、 图案等. 派生： intricacy[5intrikEsi; 5intrEkEsi] n (a) [U] quality of being inticate 错综复杂. (b) intricacies [pl] intricate things, events, etc 错综复杂的事物: * unable to follow the intricacies of the plot 难以理解情节中复杂的关系. intricately[-Etli; -Etli] adv.

intrigue
[in'tri:g; in'trig] v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb) (against sb) make and carry out secret plans or plots to do sth bad 搞阴谋诡计: * She was intriguing with her sister against her mother. 她和妹妹串通捣鬼跟母亲作对. * Some of the members had been intriguing to get the secretary dismissed. 有些人一直搞鬼想让老板把秘书解雇. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (with sth) arouse sb's interest or curiosity 激起某人的兴趣或好奇心: * What you say intrigues me; tell me more. 你说的很有意思, 多给我讲些吧. * intrigue sb with an exciting story, a piece of news, etc 以使人兴奋的故事、 新闻等引起某人的兴趣. 派生： intrigue[5intri:g, in'tri:g; 5intrig, in'trig] n 1 [U] making of secret plans to do sth bad; conspiracy 密谋策画; 阴谋: * a novel of mystery and intrigue 有神秘和阴谋情节的小说. 2 [C] (a) secret plan to do sth bad 阴谋; 密谋. (b) secret arrangement 秘密安排: * amorous intrigues 偷情. intriguer/in'tri:gE; in'trigl] n person who intrigues (intrigue 1) 搞阴谋诡计的人. intriguing adj full of interest, esp because unusual; fascinating 饶有兴味的（尤指因稀奇）; 迷人的: What an intriguing story! 多麽引人入胜的故事啊!

intrinsic
[in'trinsik, -zik; in'trinsik, -zik] adj (of a value or quality) belonging naturally; existing within, not coming from outside （指价值或性质）固有的, 内在的, 本质的: * a man's intrinsic worth, eg arising from such qualities as honour and courage, rather than how much he owns, etc 一个人的内在价值（如正义感、 勇敢等品质, 而不在财富多寡） * the intrinsic value of a coin, ie the value of the metal in it, usu less than the value of what it will buy 一硬币的本身价值（即所含金属的价值, 通常低於用其所购物品的价值）. Cf 参看 extrinsic. > intrinsically[-kli; -kli] adv: * He is not intrinsically bad. 他本质并不坏.

intro
[5intrEu; 5intro] n (pl ~s) (infml 口) introduction 介绍: * I'd like an intro to that girl you were talking to! 我想请你把我介绍给刚才你和她说话的那姑娘! * (music 音) There's an intro of eight bars before you come in. 你在八小节的前奏之後加入.

introduce
[7intrE'dju:s; - 'du:s; 7intrE'dus] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (to sb) make sb known formally to sb else by giving the person's name, or by giving each person's name to the other 把某人介绍给另外的人; 使相互认识; 引见: * Allow me to introduce my wife. 让我介绍一下, 这是我太太. * I don't think we've been introduced, ie and therefore I do not know your name. 我想我们未曾彼此介绍过（因此不知您怎麽称呼）. * I was introduced to the president at the party. 在聚会上有人把我介绍给总裁了. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) announce and give (details of a speaker or broadcast, programme, etc) to listeners or viewers （向听众或观众）宣布并介绍（演讲者或广播、 节目等的细节）: * The next programme is introduced by Mary Davidson. 下一个节目由玛丽．戴维森主持. 3 [Tn] present (sth new) formally for discussion 提出（新问题）供讨论: * introduce a Bill before Parliament 向议会提出法案. 4 [Tn.pr] ~ sb to sth (a) lead sb up to the main part of sth 引导或带领某人接触某事物的主体: * The first lecture introduces new students to the broad outlines of the subject. 第一堂课是让新同学概括地了解这一科目. * It was she who first introduced me to the pleasures of wine-tasting. 是她第一个让我领略到参加品酒会的乐趣. (b) cause sb to start using or experiencing sth 使某人开始采用或体验某事物: * introduce young people to alcohol, tobacco, drugs, etc 教年轻人喝酒、 抽烟、 吸毒等. 5 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in/into sth) bring sth into use or operation for the first time 初次投入使用或运作; 引进; 推行; 采用: * The company is introducing a new family saloon this year. 公司准备今年推出一种新型家庭轿车. * introduce computers (into schools) （使学校）采用计算机 * introduce a ban on smoking in public places 推行在公共场所禁止吸烟的规则. 6 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (into sth) (fml 文) put sth (into sth) 将某物放或插（入某物）:

introduce1
* introduce a hypodermic needle into a vein 将一皮下注射针头插入静脉 * (fig 比喻) introduce a subject into a conversation 在谈话中加进一话题. 7 [Tn] begin (a piece of music, book, play, etc) 作为（一段音乐、 一本书、 一场戏等）的开头: * A slow theme introduces the first movement. 第一乐章以缓慢的主旋律开始.

introduction
[7intrE'dQkFn; 7intrE'dQkFEn] n 1 [C, U] ~ (to sb) formal presentation of one person to another, in which each is told the other's name （正式的）介绍; 引见: * It is time to make introductions all round, ie introduce many people to one another. 是大家互相介绍的时候了. * a person who needs no introduction, ie who is already well-known 不需作介绍的人（大家都知道的） * a letter of introduction, ie which tells sb who you are, written by a mutual acquaintance 介绍信. 2 [C] (a) ~ (to sth) something that leads up to the main part of sth (eg an explanatory article at the beginning of a book) 引至主要部分的事物（如书中的序言）: * a short, brief, detailed, general, long, etc introduction 短序、 简短的序言、 绪论、 前言、 长的序言 * The introduction explains how the chapters are organized. 前言部分说明各章的编排情况. Cf 参看 preface. (b) ~ (to sth) textbook for people beginning a subject 入门（初级读物）: * `An Introduction to Astronomy' 《天文学入门》. 3 [sing] ~ to sth first experience of sth 对某事物的初次经历或体验: * his introduction to modern jazz 他对现代爵士音乐的初次接触. 4 [U] bringing into use or operation for the first time 初次投入使用或运作; 引进; 推行; 采用: * the introduction of new manufacturing methods 新的制造方法的采用. 5 [C] ~ (in/into sth) thing introduced, esp a new animal or plant species 引进的事物（尤指新动植物品种）; 引种: * The rabbit is a relatively recent introduction in Australia. 兔子在澳洲是较为近期引进的动物. 6 [C] (music 音) short section at the beginning of a musical composition, leading up to the main part 前奏; 导奏: * an eight-bar introduction 八小节组成的前奏.

introductory
[7intrE'dQktEri; 7intrE'dQktEri] adj acting as an introduction(2) 引导的; 序言的: * some introductory remarks by the chairman 主席的开场白 * an introductory chapter 序篇.

introspect
[7intrE'spekt; 7intrE'spekt] v [I] (fml 文) examine or be concerned with one's own thoughts, feelings and motives 反省; 内省. 派生： introspection[7intrE'spekFn; 7intrE'spekFEn] n [U] introspecting 反省; 内省. introspective[-'spektiv; -'spektiv] adj (a) inclined to introspect 好反省的; 好内省的: * an introspective person 好自我反省的人. (b) characteristic of sb who does this 反省的; 内省的: * in an introspective mood 以反省的心情 * introspective writing 反思的文字.

introvert
[5intrEvE:t; 5intrE7vEt] n person who is more interested in his own thoughts and feelings than in things outside himself, and is often shy and unwilling to speak or join in activities with others （思想感情等）内向的人. Cf 参看 extrovert. 派生： introverted[7intrE'vE:tid; 7intrE'vEtid] adj having the quality of an introvert （思想感情等方面）内向的. introversion[7intrE'vE:Fn; - -'vE:rVn; 7intrE'vEVEn] n [U] state of being introverted （思想感情等的）内向.

intrude
[in'tru:d; in'trud] v [I, Ipr, Tn.pr] ~ (oneself) on/upon sb/sth; ~ (oneself/sth) into sth (esp fml 尤作文雅语) put (oneself/sth) into a place or situation where one/it is unwelcome or unsuitable 闯入; 侵入; 打搅; 侵扰: * I don't wish to intrude, but could I talk to you for a moment? 我无意打扰您, 不过我可以跟您谈一会儿吗? * I felt as though I was intruding on their private grief. 他们正伤心时, 我觉得我好像骚扰了他们. * If I could intrude a note of seriousness into this frivolous conversation... 我真想说一句, 叫他们谈话放严肃些.... 派生： intruder n person or thing that intrudes, esp sb who enters another's property illegally 闯入的人或物（尤指非法进入属於他人的地方的）.

intrusion
[in'tru:Vn; in'truVEn] n ~ (on/upon/into sth) (a) [U] intruding 闯入; 侵入; 打搅; 侵扰: * guilty of intrusion upon sb's privacy 侵犯某人的隐私. (b) [C] instance of this 闯入; 侵入; 打搅; 侵扰: * This newspaper article is a disgraceful intrusion into my private life. 报纸上这篇文章是对我私生活的侵扰, 这种做法很不光彩. 派生： intrusive/in'tru:siv; in'trusiv] adj intruding 闯入的; 侵入的; 打搅的; 侵扰的: * intrusive neighbours 打扰人的邻居 * the intrusive `r' often heard between vowel sounds, eg in `law and order' 元音之间常听到的外加音r（如在law and order中的）.

intuit
[in'tju:it; - 'tu:-; in'tuit] v [I, Tn, Tf] (fml 文) sense (sth) by intuition 凭直觉感知（某事物）: * incapable of intuiting (sb's intentions, feelings, etc) 不善於凭直觉了解（某人的意图、 感情等）.

intuition
[7intju:'iFn; - -tu-; 7intu'iFEn] n (often approv 常作褒义) 1 [U] (power of) understanding things (eg a situation, sb's feelings) immediately, without the need for conscious reasoning or study 直觉; 直觉力: * know sth by intuition 凭直觉了解某事物 * Nobody told me where to find you. It was sheer intuition. 没有人告诉我到哪儿去找你. 我纯粹是凭直觉找到你的. * Intuition told me you were here. 我凭直觉知道你在这儿. 2 [C] ~ (about sth/that...) piece of knowledge gained by this power 凭直觉感知的信息: * I had a sudden intuition about the missing jewels. 我凭直觉突然对失去的珠宝有所感知. * I had an intuition that we would find them there. 我有一种直觉, 我们可以在那里找到他们. * My intuitions proved correct. 我的直觉确实是正确的. 派生： intuitive/in'tju:itiv; - 'tu:-; in'tuitiv] adj (a) of or coming from intuition 直觉的; 来自直觉的: * intuitive knowledge 凭直觉知道 * an intuitive feeling (about sb), approach (to sth), assessment (of sth), etc （对某人）直觉的感觉、 （对某事）直觉的态度、 （对某事物）直觉的评价. (b) possessing intuition 有直觉力的: * Are women more intuitive than men? 女子比男子的直觉力更强吗? intuit-ively adv: * He seemed to know intuitively how to do it. 他似乎凭直觉知道如何做.

intumescence
[7intju:'mesns; - -tu:-; 7intu'mesns] n [U, C] (medical 医) (process or condition of) swelling 隆起; 肿胀; 肿块; 疙瘩.

Inuit
= Innuit.

inundate
[5inQndeit; 5inQn7det] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth(with sth) (fml 文) cover sth with water by overflowing; flood 泛滥; 淹没: * When the river burst its banks the fields were inundated. 河岸决堤後, 田地遭洪水淹没. 2 [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: * Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (with sth) (fig 比喻) give or send sb so many things that he can hardly deal with them all; overwhelm 给予或交予某人很多事物使之难以应付; 使某人不胜负荷: * We were inundated with enquiries. 查询的人很多, 我们应接不暇. 派生： inundation[7inQn'deiFn; 7inQn'deFEn] n [C, U] (fml 文) (instance of) flooding 泛滥; 淹没.

inure
[i'njuE(r); in'jur] v [usu passive 通常用於被动语态: * Tn, Tn.pr] ~ oneself/sb (to sth) (fml 文) accustom oneself/sb (usu to sth unpleasant) 使自己[某人]习惯於（通常指厌恶的事物）: * After living here for years I've become inured to the cold climate. 我在此地居住多年, 已习惯寒冷的气候. * One cannot inure oneself altogether to such malicious criticism. 谁也不能总是忍受这种恶意批评.

invade
[in'veid; in'ved] v 1 (a) [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (with sth) enter (a country or territory) with armed forces in order to attack, damage or occupy it 武装进入（一国或一领地）; 侵犯; 侵入; 侵略: * He ordered the army to invade at dawn. 他命令军队拂晓侵入该国. * Alexander the Great invaded India with a large army. 亚历山大大帝曾率领大军入侵印度. (b) [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (fig 比喻) enter (sth) in large numbers, esp so as to cause damage; crowd into 涌入（某事物）（尤指为破坏）; 侵袭: * The cancer cells may invade other parts of the body. 癌细胞可能侵袭身体的其他部分. * a city invaded by tourists 游客大批涌入的城市 * a mind invaded with worries, anxieties, etc 充满烦恼、 焦虑等的心境. 2 [Tn] interfere with (sth); intrude on 干扰（某事物）; 侵扰: * invade sb's rights, privacy, etc 侵犯某人的权利、 隐私权等. 派生： invader n person or thing that invades 侵入的人或物; 武装进入者; 侵犯者.

invalid
1[in'vAlid; in'vAlid] adj 1 not properly based or able to be upheld by reasoning 无适当根据的; 无道理的; 站不住脚的: * an invalid argument, assumption, claim, etc 站不住脚的论据、 没有根据的假定、 没有道理的要求. 2 not usable; not officially acceptable (because of an incorrect detail or details); not legally recognized 无用的; 不能正式接受的; 法律上不承认的; 无效的: * A passport that is out of date is invalid. 护照过期是无效的. * an invalid will 无效的遗嘱 * declare a marriage invalid 宣布一婚姻在法律上无效. 派生： invalidate/in'vAlideit; in'vAlE7det] v [Tn] make (sth) invalid 使（某事物）无效或作废: * faulty logic which invalidated her argument 造成她的论据不能成立的错误逻辑. invalidation/in7vAli'deiFn; in7vAlE'deFEn] n [U] (action of) making sth invalid 无效; 作废: * The making of false statements could result in the invalidation of the contract. 提供虚假资料可能导致合同失效. invalidity[7invE'lidEti; 7invE'lidEti] n [U] state of being invalid 无根据; 无道理; 无用; 无效: * the invalidity of his passport 他的护照之无效.

invaluable
[in'vAljuEbl; in'vAljuEbl] adj ~ (to sb/sth) of value too high to be measured; extremely valuable 价值高得无法估量的; 极宝贵的: * an invaluable collection of paintings 珍品画的收藏 * invaluable help, advice, etc 宝贵的帮助、 意见等 * Your help has been invaluable to us. 你对我们的帮助是非常宝贵的. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: A few adjectives have misleading `negative' affixes such as in- or -less. 有几个形容词带有貌似‘否定’的词缀, 如in-或-less. 1 Invaluable means `extremely valuable'. *invaluable意思是‘极有价值的’. It is not the opposite of valuable, which is valueless (or worthless). 这个词并不是valuable的反义词, valuable的反义词是valueless（或worthless）. 2 Priceless means `too valuable to be priced', ie `having a very high price'.*priceless意思是‘贵重得无法定出价格的’, 即‘价格非常高的’. 3 Innumerable and numberless mean `too many to be counted' or `very numerous'. *innumerable和numberless 意思是‘多得数不清的’或‘极多的’. 4 Flammable and inflammable have the same meaning (opposite: non-flammable). *flammable和inflammable意思一样, 是‘易燃的’（反义词是: non-flammable‘不易燃的’）.

invariable
[in'veEriEbl; in'veriEbl] adj never changing; always the same; constant 永不变的; 始终如一的; 定的: * an invariable pressure, temperature, amount 定的压力、 温度、 数量 * a noun with an invariable plural 复数形式不变的名词 * his invariable courtesy 他那一贯的谦恭有礼. > invariability/in7veEriE'bilEti; in7veriE'bilEti] n [U]. invariably/in'veEriEbli; in'veriEbli] adv: * She invariably (ie always) arrives late. 她老是迟到.

invasion
[in'veiVn; in'veVEn] n (a) [U] invading or being invaded 侵略; 侵犯: * suffer invasion by enemy forces 遭受敌军的侵犯 * the invasion of Poland by Germany in 1939 1939年德国对波兰的侵略. (b) [C] instance of this 侵略; 侵犯: * an outrageous invasion of privacy 对隐私权的粗暴侵犯.

invasive
[in'veisiv; in'vesiv] adj tending to spread harmfully 有扩散危害的; 扩散性的; 蔓延性的: * invasive cancer cells 扩散性癌细胞.

invective
[in'vektiv; in'vektiv] n [U] (fml 文) violent attack in words; abusive language 猛烈抨击; 咒骂: * a speech full of invective 大张挞伐的讲话 * let out a stream of invective 破口大骂.

inveigh
[in'vei; in've] v [Ipr] ~ against sb/sth (fml 文) attack sb or sth violently in words 痛骂; 痛斥; 猛烈抨击: * inveigh against God, destiny, the elements, the system 亵渎上帝、 咒骂命运、 诅咒天气、 抨击该制度.

inveigle
[in'veigl; in'vegl] v [Tn.pr] ~ sb into sth/doing sth persuade sb to go somewhere or do sth by using flattery and deception 引诱; 诱惑; 哄骗: * She inveigled him into the house and robbed him while he slept. 她把他骗进房子, 趁他睡着时偷走了他的东西. * He inveigled them into buying a new car, even though they didn't really want one. 他诱惑他们买了一辆新汽车, 其实他们并不真正需要.

invent
[in'vent; in'vent] v [Tn] 1 make or design (sth that did not exist before); create by thought 发明; 创造: * Laszlo Biro invented the ball-point pen. 拉斯洛．拜罗发明了圆珠笔. Cf 参看 discover 1. 2 (often derog 常作贬义) make up or think of (esp sth that does not exist or is not true) 虚构; 捏造; 胡编: * Use an invented name, such as Anytown, not a real one. 瞎编个名字吧, 比方叫‘A城’吧, 别用真名. * Can't you invent a better excuse than that? 你就不能编造一个高明些的藉口吗? 派生： inventive/in'ventiv; in'ventiv] adj 1 [attrib 作定语] of or for invention 发明的; 创造的: * using one's inventive powers 发挥自己的发明创造才能. 2 (approv 褒) having or showing the ability to invent things and think originally 善於发明创造的; 具有创造性思考能力的: * an inventive mind 有发明创造力的头脑 * an inventive design 独创性的设计. inventor n person who invents things 发明者; 发明家; 创造者.

invention
[in'venFn; in'venFEn] n 1 [U] (a) action of inventing 发明; 创造; 虚构; 捏造: * the invention of radio by Marconi 马可尼对无线电的发明 * a story of one's own invention, ie invented by oneself 自己杜撰的故事. (b) capacity for inventing 发明或创造的才能; 虚构或捏造的能力. (c) (euph 婉) making up of untrue or unreal things; lying 虚构; 捏造; 造假; 撒谎: * I'm afraid he is guilty of a good deal of invention. 我看他撒了很多谎. 2 [C] thing that is invented 发明物: * the scientific inventions of the 20th century 20世纪的科技发明. 3 (idm 习语) necessity is the mother of invention => necessity.

inventory
[5invEntri; - -tC:ri; 5invEn7tCri] n detailed list, eg of goods, furniture, jobs to be done 详细目录, 清单（如商品、 家具、 要做的事的单子）: * keep/make a full, complete, careful inventory (of sth) 记录[开列]（某事物的）详尽的、 完整的、 仔细的清单. 派生： inventory v (pt, pp -ried) [Tn] make an inventory of (sth); put in an inventory 列出（某事物）的清单; 编入目录: inventory the contents of a house 列出房子内各项物品的清单 * These items have not been inventoried yet. 这些物品尚未编入目录.

inverse
[7in'vE:s; in'vEs] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] reversed in position, direction or relation （位置、 方向或关系）相反的, 反向的: * The number of copies the paper sells seems to be in ,inverse `ratio/pro`portion to the amount of news it contains, ie The more news, the fewer copies it sells. 这种报纸的销售量似乎与刊登的新闻多寡成反比（新闻越多, 销售量越少）. 派生： inverse[5invE:s; 5invEs] n the inverse [sing] 1 (esp mathematics 尤用於数学) inverted state 反数; 倒数: * The inverse of 2 (-2--1) is -1--2. 2（即-2- -1）的倒数是-1- -2. 2 direct opposite 相反; 颠倒; 反面: * This is the inverse of his earlier proposition. 这和他早些时候提的建议截然相反. inversely/in'vE:sli; in'vEsli] adv: * inversely proportional to each other 互成反比.

inversion
[in'vE:Fn; - in'vE:rVn; in'vEVEn] n [U, C] (a) inverting or being inverted; instance of this 倒置; 倒转; 颠倒: * (an) inversion of word order 词序的倒装. (b) (music 音) (arrangement of a) chord1 with a different note in the first or basic position 转位; 转回: * A chord of C major with E in the bass is in the 1st inversion. 用E做最低音的C大调主和弦是第一转位.

invert
[in'vE:t; in'vEt] v [Tn] put (sth) upside down or in the opposite order, position or arrangement 使（某物）倒置、 倒转或颠倒: * invert a glass 把玻璃杯倒过来 * invert the word order in a sentence 颠倒句中的词序. 复合： in,verted `commas (Brit) quotation-marks, ie ` ’ or `` ’’ 引号（‘ ’或钚 馶）. =>App 3 见附录3. in,verted `snob (derog 贬) person who unnecessarily finds fault with things of good quality or things which suggest wealth or social superiority; one who wishes to prove that he is not a snob 反面势利眼（对高级物品横加挑剔的人; 想证明自己并非势利眼的人）. in,verted `snobbery attitude or behaviour of such a person 反面势利眼的态度或行为.

invertebrate
[in'vE:tibreit; in'vEtEbrEt] n, adj (animal) not having a backbone or spinal column 无脊椎的（动物）: * Molluscs, insects and worms are all invertebrates. 软体动物、 昆虫、 蠕虫都是无脊椎动物.

invest
[in'vest; in'vest] v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (in sth/with sb) use (money) to buy shares, property, etc, in order to earn interest or bring profit 投资; 投资於: * The best time to invest is now. 现在是投资的最佳时机. * invest 1000 (in government bonds) 投资1000英镑（於公债） * invest (one's money) in a business enterprise 把（自己的钱）投资於一企业 * invest (money) with a firm 向一公司投资. 2 [Tn.pr] ~ sth in sth/doing sth give (time, effort, etc) to a particular task, esp in a way that involves commitment or self-sacrifice 为某任务付出（时间、 精力等）（尤指涉及承诺或自我牺牲的）: * invest one's time in learning a new language 花时间学习一种新语言 * invest all one's efforts in passing an exam 为考试及格而全力以赴 * She's invested a lot of emotional energy in that business. 她为那事费尽心血. 3 [Ipr] ~ in sth (infml 口) buy sth expensive but useful 购买价钱高的有用之物: * I'm thinking of investing in a new car. 我打算花一笔钱买辆新汽车. 4 [Tn.pr, Cn.n/a] ~ sb (with sth/as sth) (fml 文) confer a rank, an office or power on sb 授予某人官阶、 职位或权力: * The governor has been invested with full authority to act. 总督已获全权进行处理. * Prince Charles was invested as Prince of Wales in 1969. 查尔斯王子於1969年受封为威尔士亲王. 5 [Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth with sth (fml 文) cause sb/sth to have a quality 赋予某人[某事物]以某种性质: * The crimes committed there invested the place with an air of mystery and gloom. 在那里发生罪案後, 该地笼罩上一种阴森诡秘的气氛. 6 [Tn] (dated 旧) surround (a fort, town, etc) with armed forces 包围（要塞、 城镇等）. 派生： investment n 1 [U] ~ (in sth) investing of money 投资: make a profit by careful investment 谨慎投资以赚取利润. 2 [C] ~ (in sth) (a) sum of money that is invested 投资额: an investment of 500 in oil shares 金额为500英镑的石油股份投资.

invest1
(b) company, etc in which money is invested 接受投资的公司等: Those oil shares were a good investment, ie have been profitable. 那些石油股票是有利可图的投资. 3 = investiture. investor n person who invests money 投资者.

investigate
[in'vestigeit; in'vestE7get] v 1 [I, Tn, Tw] find out and examine (all the facts about sth) in order to obtain the truth 调查; 侦查: * The police were baffled, and Sherlock Holmes was called in to investigate. 警方被难住了, 於是请福尔摩斯前来侦查. * Scientists are investigating to find out the cause of the crash/are investigating how the crash occurred. 科学家们正在调查失事的原因[事故是如何发生的]. * The police are investigating the murder. 警方正在调查那起凶杀案. 2 [Tn] find out detailed facts about (sb or his character) by questioning, observation, etc 审问; 审查: * Applicants for government posts are always thoroughly investigated before being appointed. 申请担任政府公职的人总要经过彻底审查才能受到委任. 3 [Tn] try to discover (sth) by detailed study, research, etc 详细研究; 调查; 查明: * investigate the market for a product, ways of increasing profits, etc 对某商品、 增加利润的方法等作市场调查 * We might be able to help you; I'll investigate the possibilities. 我们也许能帮助你, 我要研究一下这种可能性. 4 [I] (infml 口) make a brief check 作简短的检查: * `What was that noise outside?’ `I'll just go and investigate.’ ‘外面是什麽声音?’‘我去查看一下.’ 派生： investigation/in7vesti'geiFn; in7vestE'geFEn] n (a) [U] investigating or being investigated 调查研究: * The matter is under investigation. 事情正在调查中. * It is subject to investigation, ie It must be investigated. 那事得进行调查. (b) [C] ~ (into sth) instance of this 调查研究: * Scientists are conducting an investigation into the causes of the accident. 科学家们就事故的原因正展开调查. * carry out fresh investigations 重新调查. investigative/in'vestigEtiv; - -geitiv; in'vestE7getiv] , investigatory/in'vestigeitEri; - -gEtC:ri; in'vestEgE7tCri] adjs of or concerned with investigating 调查的; 侦查的; 审问的; 审查的:

investigate1
* investigative/investigatory methods used by the police 警方采取的调查方式 * investigative journalism, ie in which reporters try to uncover important facts of public interest which have been concealed 调查性质的新闻报道（记者追查并揭露被掩饰的公众关心的重要事实）. investigator/in'vestigeitE(r); in'vestEgetl] n person who investigates 调查者; 侦查员; 审阅者; 审查者: * accident investigators who find out the causes of air crashes 飞机失事原因的事故调查人员 * insurance investigators 保险事故调查人员.

investiture
[in'vestitFE(r); - -tFuEr; in'vestEtFul] (alsoinvestment) n [U, C] ceremony of conferring an office, a rank or power on sb 对某人授职、 授衔或授权的仪式: * the investiture of the Prince of Wales 册封威尔士亲王的仪式.

inveterate
[in'vetErEt; in'vetErEt] adj (derog 贬) 1 (of bad feelings, habits, etc) that have lasted a long time and seem likely to continue （指恶感、 陋习等）根深蒂固的, 由来已久的: * inveterate hatred, prejudice, drunkenness,etc 根深蒂固的仇恨、 由来已久的偏见、 长醉不醒的状态. 2 (of people) habitually doing the specified bad thing; addicted （指人）有恶习的, 成瘾的: * an inveterate smoker, drinker, gambler, liar, etc 积习已久的烟鬼、 酒徒、 赌棍、 撒谎家等. > inveterately adv.

invidious
[in'vidiEs; in'vidiEs] adj likely to cause resentment or unpopularity (esp because it is or seems to be unjust) 易招怨恨的, 引起不满的（尤因不公正）: * an invidious comparison, distinction, argument, etc 招人反感的对比、 区分、 论证等 * You put me in an invidious position by asking me to comment on my colleague's work. 你要我评论同事的工作, 这无异置我於招人怨尤的境地. > invidiously adv. invidiousness n [U].

invigilate
[in'vidVileit; in'vidVE7let] v [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (at sth) (Brit) be present during (an examination) to make sure that it is properly conducted, that no cheating occurs, etc （在考场上）监考: * invigilate (at) a history exam 监考历史. 派生： invigilation/in7vidVi'leiFn; in7vidVi'leFEn] n [C, U] (instance of) invigilating or being invigilated 监考: * pupils under invigilation 在监考中应考的学生. invigilator/in'vidVileitE(r); in7vidVi'letl] n person who invigilates 监考人.

invigorate
[in'vigEreit; in'vigE7ret] v [I, Tn] make (sb) feel more lively and healthy 使（某人）感觉健壮有精神: * I feel invigorated by all this fresh air! 空气很清新, 我觉得精神焕发! 派生： invigorating adj that invigorates 使人健壮; 使人有精神的: an invigorating climate, morning, swim, walk 使人爽快的气候、 早晨、 游泳、 散步. invigoratingly adv.

invincible
[in'vinsEbl; in'vinsEbl] adj too strong to be overcome or defeated 不能克服的; 不可战胜的; 不能征服的: * an invincible army 不可战胜的军队 * (fig 比喻) an invincible will 坚强的意志. > invincibility/ In9vInsE5bIlEtI; In9vInsE`bIlEtI/ n [U]: * the apparent invincibility of their forces 他们部队的凛然不可侵犯的气概. invincibly/in'vinsEbli; in'vinsEbli] adv.

inviolable
[in'vaiElEbl; in'vaiElEbl] adj (fml 文) that must not be violated or dishonoured 不可侵犯的; 不可违背的; 不可亵渎的: * The people possess inviolable rights. 人民享有不可侵犯的权利. * an inviolable oath, law,treaty 不容违背的誓言、 法律、 条约. > inviolability/ In9vaIElE5bIlEtI; In9vaIElE`bIlEtI/ n [U]. inviolably/ In5vaIElEblI; In`vaIElEblI/ adv.

inviolate
[in'vaiElEt; in'vaiElEt] adj [usu pred 通常作表语] ~ (from sth) (fml 文) that has not been or cannot be violated or harmed 未受侵犯; 不可侵犯; 未受破坏; 不可破坏: * The treaty remained/stood inviolate,ie was not broken. 没有违反该条约的现象. * They considered themselves inviolate from attack. 他们认为自己是不可侵犯的.

invisible
[in'vizEbl; in'vizEbl] adj 1 ~ (to sb/sth) that cannot be seen; not visible 看不见的; 不可见的: * distant stars that are invisible to the naked eye, ie that cannot be seen except with a telescope or binoculars 肉眼看不到的遥远的星球. 2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (commerce 商) in the form of services (eg banking, insurance, tourism, etc) rather than goods or raw materials 服务业形式的（如银行、 保险、 旅游等）; 非贸易的; 无形的: * invisible exports/trade 无形输出[贸易]. > invisibility/in7vizE'bilEti; 7invizE'bilEti] n [U]. invisibly/in'vizEbli; in'vizEbli] adv. 复合： in,visible `ink ink which, when used for writing, cannot be seen until specially treated, eg by heat 隐形墨水（需经特殊处理方可显现字迹, 如加热）. in,visible `mending repair of woven materials, etc by interweaving threads so that the repair is hardly noticeable 织补.

invite
[in'vait; in'vait] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.t] ~ sb (to/for sth) (a) ask sb in a friendly way to go somewhere or do sth （朋友般地）邀请, 约请: * `Are you coming to the party?’ `No, I haven't been invited.’ ‘你来参加聚会吗?’‘不, 我没有受到邀请.’ * invite sb for/to dinner/to have dinner 请某人吃饭 * invite sb home/to one's house 邀请某人到家中作客 * invite sb to a party/to come to a party 邀请某人参加聚会. (b) ask sb formally to go somewhere or do sth （正式地）邀请, 约请: * Candidates will be invited for interview early next month. 下月初将约请候选人面试. * I've been invited to give a talk at the conference. 我已受邀在大会上发言. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sb) ask for (comments, suggestions, etc) 请求、 要求或徵求（意见、 建议等）: * After his speech he invited questions and comments (from the audience). 他讲完话後请听众提问题和意见. 3 [Tn] act so as to be likely to cause (sth bad) usu without intending to 引起, 招致（坏的事物）（通常并非本意）: * Leaving your car unlocked is just inviting trouble! 汽车不锁上纯粹是自找麻烦! * behaviour that is sure to invite criticism, hostility, ridicule, etc 肯定招致批评、 敌视、 嘲笑等的行为. 4 [Tn, Cn.t] attract (sb/sth); tempt 吸引（某人[某事物]）; 引诱: * Cover the jam! It's sure to invite the wasps. 盖上果酱瓶! 要不准得招黄蜂. * Leaving the windows open is inviting thieves to enter. 窗户不关犹如开门揖盗. 5 (phr v) invite sb along ask sb to accompany one 邀某人作伴. invite sb away ask sb to go away with one, eg on holiday 邀某人同行（如度假）. invite sb back (a) ask sb to return with one to one's home 邀某人回自己家里（作客）: * Shall we invite them back after the theatre? 看完戏我们把他们邀回家去好吗? (b) ask sb who has been one's host to come to one's home as a guest 回请（被人请後, 还请对方）. invite sb down ask sb to come for a visit at some distance, esp in the country or by the sea 邀请某人自远方来（尤指到乡间或海滨）:

invite1
* They've invited us down to their country cottage for the weekend. 他们邀请我们到他们的乡间小屋去度周末. invite sb in ask sb to enter a room, house, etc 请某人进入房间、 房子等. invite sb out ask sb to come out with one for a walk, a ride, entertainment, etc, esp for the purpose of courting 邀请某人一同出外散步、 骑马、 开车、 娱乐等（尤指为谈情说爱）. invite sb over/round ask sb to visit one's home 邀请某人到家中作客: * I've invited the Smiths round for drinks next Friday. 我已邀请史密斯一家下周五来家中小酌. invite sb up ask sb to come upstairs 请某人上楼来. 派生： invitation[7invi'teiFn; 7invE'teFEn] n 1 [U] inviting or being invited 邀请: * a letter of invitation 邀请信 * Admission is by invitation only. 凭请柬入场. 2 [C] ~ (to sth/to do sth) request to go or come somewhere, or do sth 敦请某人去或来某处或做某事: * send out invitations to a party 发出宴会请帖 * I gladly accepted their invitation to open the fete. 我愉快地接受了他们的邀请, 为义卖会主持开幕式. * [attrib 作定语] an invitation card 请帖. 3 [C usu sing 通常作单数] ~ to sb/sth (to do sth) that which tempts or encourages sb to do sth 引诱、 鼓励或怂恿（某人做某事）的事物: * An open window is an invitation to burglars/an invitation to crime. 窗户开着会引贼入室[引发窃案]. invite[5invait; 5invait] n (infml 口) invitation, eg to a party 邀请（如赴宴）: * Did you get an invite? 你接到邀请了吗? inviting/in'vaitiN; in'vaitiN] adj tempting; attractive 诱人的; 动人的: * an inviting look, smell, prospect, idea 诱人的样子、 气味、 前景、 主意 * an inviting smile, place, meal 动人的微笑、 吸引人的场所、 诱人的美餐. invitingly adv.

invocation
=> invoke.

invoice
[5invCis; 5invCis] n ~ (for sth) (commerce 商) list of goods sold or services provided with the price(s) charged, esp sent as a bill 发票; 发货清单; 服务费用清单: * make out an invoice for the goods 开发货清单. 派生： invoice v (commerce 商) 1 [Tn] make a list of (such goods) 开（货物）的发票: invoice the orders, goods, etc 开定单、 货物等的发票. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth)[~ sth to sb send such a list to sb, esp as a request for payment 给某人开发票（尤指要求付款的）: invoice sb (for an order, for goods, etc) 给某人开（定单、 货物等的）发票.

invoke
[in'vEuk; in'vok] v (fml 文) 1 [Tn] use (sth) as a reason for one's action 援用（某事物）为行动依据或理由: * The government has invoked the Official Secrets Act in having the book banned. 政府援引国家机密保密法以禁该书. 2 [Tn] (a) call upon (God, the power of the law, etc) for help or protection 祈求（上帝）的保佑; 求助於（法律的力量等）. (b) summon (sth) up (as if) by magic （似）用法术召唤（某事物）: * invoke evil spirits 用法术召来恶鬼. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (on/upon sb/sth) beg for sth (as if) by praying （似）以祷告祈求某事物: * invoke help, assistance, etc in a desperate situation 在走投无路时祈祷求救、 求助等 * invoke vengeance (up)on one's enemies 求神降祸给敌人. 派生： invocation[7invE'keiFn; 7invE'keFEn] n ~ (to sb) (a) [U] invoking or being invoked 援用; 求助於神或法律; 用法术召唤; 祷告祈求. (b) [C] instance of this 援用; 求助於神或法律; 用法术召唤; 祷告祈求.

involuntary
[in'vClEntri; - -teri; in'valEn7teri] adj done without intention; done unconsciously 非有意的; 无意的; 无意识的; 不自觉的: * an involuntary movement of surprise, eg jumping when startled 因吃惊而引起的不自觉的动作（如吓得跳起来）. Cf 参看 voluntary1.> involuntarily/ In5vClEntrElI; ?@ In9vClEn5terElI; In`vBlEn9tZrElI] adv. involuntariness n [U].

involute
[5invElu:t; 5invE7lut] (also involuted) adj 1 complex or intricate 复杂的; 纷繁的. 2 (botany 植) (esp of leaves or petals in bud and of shells) curling inwards at the edges （尤指叶片或花蕾的瓣及甲壳）边缘向内卷曲的, 内卷的, 内旋的. > involution/ 9InvE5lu:Fn; 9InvE`luFEn/ n [U, C].

involve
[in'vClv; in'valv] v 1 [Tn, Tg, Tsg] make (sth) necessary as a condition or result; entail 使（某事物）成为必要条件或结果; 需要: * The scheme involves computers.这一设计离不开计算机. * The job involved me/my living in London. 工作需要我住在伦敦. 2 [Tn] include or affect (sb/sth) in its operation 包括, 包含, 牵涉, 牵连（某人[某事物]）: * The strike involved many people. 许多人参加了罢工. * a situation in which national security is involved 涉及国家安全的形势. 3 [Cn.pr] (a) ~ sb/sth in (doing) sth cause sb/sth to take part in (an activity or a situation) 使某人[某事物]参与某活动或陷入某情况: * Don't involve me in solving your problems! 你解决你的问题, 不要把我拉进去! (b) ~ sb/sth in sth bring sb/sth into (a difficult situation) 使某人[某事物]陷入（困境）: * involve sb in expense, a lot of trouble 使某人破费、 招惹许多麻烦 * He was involved in a heated argument. 他参与了一场激烈的争论. (c) ~ sb in sth show sb to be concerned in (a crime, etc) 表明某人与（某罪行等）有关联: * The witness's statement involves you in the robbery. 证人的证词表明你与劫案有涉. 派生： involved adj 1 complicated in thought or form （思想或形式上）复杂的: an involved sentence, explanation, style of writing, etc 复杂的句子、 解释、 文体等. 2 (a) ~ (in sth) concerned (with sth) （与某事物）有关联的: be/become/get involved in politics, criminal activities, etc 与政治、 犯罪活动等有关联. (b) ~ (with sb) (closely) connected (with sb) （与某人）有（密切）关系的: become emotionally involved with sb 与某人感情缠绵 * He sees her often but doesn't want to get too involved. 他常与她来往, 但不愿缱绻难分. involvement n [U, C].

invulnerable
[in'vQlnErEbl; in'vQlnErEbl] adj 1 ~ (to sth) that cannot be wounded, hurt or damaged by attack 不能伤害的; 不能攻破的: * a fortification that is invulnerable to attack 固若金汤的防御工事. 2 (fig 比喻) secure; safe 安全的; 保险的: * in an invulnerableposition 立於不败之地. > invulnerability/in7vQlnErE'bilEti; in7vQlnErE'bilEti] n [U].

inward
[5inwEd; 5inwld] adj 1 situated within; inner (esp in the mind or spirit) 内部的; 里面的; （尤指）内心的, 精神的: * inward thoughts, feelings, doubts, etc 内心的思想、 感情、 怀疑等 * sb's inward nature 某人的心性. 2 turned towards the inside 向内的: * an inward curve 向内的弧. Cf 参看 outward. 派生： inward (also inwards) adv 1 towards the inside 向内: toes turned inwards 内曲的脚趾. 2 into or towards the mind or soul 进入内心或灵魂; 向内心或灵魂: thoughts turned inwards 转向内省的思想 * be inward-looking, ie introvert 性格内向. =>Usage at forward2 用法见forward2. inwardly adv 1 in mind or spirit 内心或精神方面: inwardly grateful, relieved, etc 内心铭感的、 解脱的等 * grieve inwardly, ie not show one's grief 内心痛苦（不表露出来）. 2 (idm 习语) groan inwardly => groan. inwardness n [U] spiritual quality 本性; 心性; 灵性: the true inwardness of Christ's teaching 基督教训的真谛.

iodine
[5aiEdi:n; - -dain; 5aiE7dain] n [U] 1 (chemistry 化) non-metallic element found in sea water and seaweed 碘. =>App 10 见附录10. 2 solution of this used as an antiseptic 碘酒; 碘酊.

iodize, iodise
[5aiEdaiz; 5aiE7daiz] v [Tn] treat (a substance) with iodine or a compound of iodine 用碘酒或碘剂处理（某物）.

IOM
abbr 缩写 = Isle of Man 马恩岛.

ion
[5aiEn; - also 'aiCn; 5aiCn] n (chemistry or physics 化或物) electrically charged particle resulting from the breakdown of atoms through solution in water and making this solution a conductor of electricity 离子. 派生： ionize, -ise[5aiEnaiz; 5aiEn7aiz] v [I, Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] be converted or convert (sth) into ions 电离; 使（某物）电离成离子. ionization, -isation[7aiEnai'zeiFn; - -ni'z-; 7aiEnE'zeFEn] n [U].

Ionic
[ai'Cnik; ai'Cnik] adj (architecture 建) of the type of column(1) in ancient Greek architecture having scrolls on the capital1(3) 爱奥尼亚柱式的（古希腊建 风格, 柱顶有涡卷形装饰）. Cf 参看 Corinthian 2, Doric.

ionosphere
[ai'CnEsfiE(r); ai'anE7sfir] n [sing] set of layers of the earth's atmosphere that reflect radio waves round the earth 电离层. Cf 参看 Heaviside layer, stratosphere.

iota
[ai'EutE; ai'otE] n 1 the Greek letter I, i 希腊字母I, i. 2 (fig 比喻) (esp in negative expressions 尤用於否定式) smallest amount 极少量: * not an iota of truth (ie no truth at all) in the story 所说的没有一点真事.

IOU
[7ai Eu 'ju:; 5ai7o'ju] n (infml 口) (abbr of I owe you I owe you的缩写) signed paper acknowledging that one owes the sum of money stated 借据; 欠条: * give sb an IOU for 20 给某人开具借款20英镑的字据.

IOW
abbr 缩写 = Isle of Wight 怀特岛.

IPA
[7ai pi: 'ei; 5ai7pi'e] abbr 缩写 = International Phonetic Alphabet/Association 国际音标; 国际语音学协会.

ipso facto
[7ipsEu 'fktEu; 5ipso'fAkto] (Latin 拉) (fml 文) by that very fact 就该事实而论: * He was an outstanding pupil and, ipso facto, disliked by the rest of the class. 他是优秀的学生, 正因为这个缘故, 全班都不喜欢他.

IQ
[7ai 'kju:; 7ai 'kju] abbr 缩写 = intelligence quotient (a comparative measure of a person's intelligence) 智商: * have a high/low IQ 智商高[低] * an IQ of 120 智商120.

ir-
=> in-2.

IRA
[7ai a:r 'ei; 7ai ar 'e] abbr 缩写 = Irish Republican Army 爱尔兰共和军: * an IRA attack 爱尔兰共和军的攻击 * a member of the IRA 爱尔兰共和军成员.

irascible
[i'rAsEbl; i'rAsEbl] adj (fml 文) (of a person) easily made angry （指人）易怒的, 性情暴躁的. 派生： irascibility/i7rAsE'bilEti; i7rAsE'bilEti] n [U] tendency to become angry; angry behaviour 易怒; 性情暴躁. irascibly/i'rAsEbli; i'rAsEbli] adv.

irate
[ai'reit; ai'ret] adj (fml 文) angry 发怒的; 愤怒的. > irately adv.

IRBM
[7ai a: bi: 'em; 7ai ar bi 'em] abbr 缩写 = intermediate-range ballistic missile 中程弹道导弹. Cf 参看 ICBM, MRBM.

ire
[5aiE(r); air] n [U] (fml 文) anger 愤怒.

iridescent
[7iri5desnt; 7irE'desnt] adj (fml 文) 1 showing colours like those of the rainbow 彩虹色的. 2 changing colour as its position changes （因位置改动）变色的: * jewels sparkling with iridescent colours 闪烁着奇光异彩的珠宝. > iridescence[-'desns; -'desns] n [U].

iridium
[i'ridiEm; i'ridiEm] n [U] (chemistry 化) hard white metallic element of the platinum group 铱. =>App 10 见附录10.

iris
[5aiEris; 5airis] n 1 (anatomy 解) coloured part round the pupil of the eye 虹膜. =>illus at eye 见eye插图. 2 any of various types of tall plant with sword-shaped leaves and large bright flowers 鸢尾属植物（株高, 叶呈剑状, 花大色艳）. Cf 参看 flag4. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page ii.

Irish
[5aiEriF; 5airiF] adj of Ireland, its culture, language or people 爱尔兰的; 爱尔兰文化的; 爱尔兰语的; 爱尔兰人的: * the Irish Republic, ie Eire 爱尔兰共和国. 派生： Irish n 1 the Irish [pl] the Irish people 爱尔兰人. 2 (also Erse) [U] the Celtic language of Ireland 爱尔兰凯尔特语. 复合： ,Irish `coffee hot coffee mixed with whiskey and having thick cream on top 爱尔兰咖啡（掺威士忌和浓奶油的热咖啡）. `Irishman[-mEn; -mEn] , `Irishwoman ns (pl -men/ -mEn; -mEn/, -women[-7wimin; -7wimin] ) native of Ireland 爱尔兰人. ,Irish `setter (also red setter) type of dog with a silky reddish-brown coat 爱尔兰猎狗（被毛光滑, 呈红棕色）. ,Irish `stew stew of mutton boiled with onions and other vegetables 炖羊肉（加洋葱及其他蔬菜）.

irk
[E:k; Ek] v [Tn] (esp in constructions with it 尤与it连用) be tiresome to (sb); annoy 使（某人）厌烦; 使烦恼: * It irks me to see money being wasted. 我看着浪费金钱就讨厌. * It irked him that she had thought of it first. 她竟先想到那件事, 为此他很不痛快. 派生： irksome[5E:ksEm; 5EksEm] adj tiresome; annoying 令人厌烦的; 令人烦恼的: * an irksome task 令人厌烦的工作 * irksome complaints 令人厌恶的牢骚.

iron
1[5aiEn; - 'aiErn; 5ailn] n 1 [U] (chemistry 化) common hard silver-white metallic element capable of being magnetized and used in various forms 铁: * cast iron 铸铁 * wrought iron 熟铁 * scrap iron 废铁 * as hard as iron 铁一般的坚硬 * [attrib 作定语] iron ore, ie rock containing iron 铁矿石 * an iron bar, gate, railing, ie made of iron 铁棒、 铁门、 铁栏. =>App 10 见附录10. 2 [C] implement with a smooth flat base that can be heated to smooth clothes, etc 熨斗: * a `steam-iron 蒸汽熨斗. =>illus 见插图. 3 [C] (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) tool made of iron 铁制的工具: * `fire-irons, ie poker, tongs, etc used at a fireplace * a `branding-iron, eg for marking cattle, etc. =>illus 见插图. 4 [C] golf-club with an iron or steel head （高尔夫球的）铁头球棒. Cf 参看 wood 4. 5 [C usu pl 通常作复数] metal splint or support worn on the leg （腿上用的）金属夹板或夹具. 6 irons [pl] fetters 镣铐: * put/clap sb in irons, ie fasten his wrists and ankles in chains 给某人戴上镣铐. 7 [U] a preparation of iron as a tonic 铁质补剂. 8 [U, esp attrib 尤作定语] (fig 比喻) (showing) physical strength or moral firmness or harshness 坚强; 刚强; 坚定; 冷酷: * have an iron constitution, ie very good health 有钢铁般的强壮体魄 * a man of iron 铁汉 * have a will of iron/an iron will 有钢铁般的意志 * impose an iron rule, ie rule very strictly 施以铁腕. 9 (idm 习语) an ,iron ,fist/,hand in a ,velvet `glove an appearance of gentleness concealing severity, determination, etc 外柔内刚. have many, etc irons in the fire have many resources available or be involved in many undertakings at the same time 有多种现成手段; 同时参与很多事务. rule with a rod of iron => rule. strike while the iron is hot => strike2. 复合： the `Iron Age the prehistoric period following the Bronze Age, when iron began to be used for making tools and weapons 铁器时代.

iron1
the ,Iron `Curtain (fig 比喻) the frontier separating the former USSR and other communist countries of Eastern Europe from the West, seen by the West as a barrier to information and trade 铁幕（从西方观点看前苏联及东欧共产党国家与西方之间在信息、 贸易等方面的屏障）: life behind the Iron Curtain 铁幕後的生活 * [attrib 作定语] Iron Curtain countries, ie countries of the former Soviet bloc 铁幕国家（即前苏联集团各国）. `iron foundry foundry where cast iron is produced 铸铁厂. ,iron-`grey adj, n (of the) colour of freshly broken cast iron 铁灰色（的）: ,iron-grey `hair 铁灰色的毛发. ,iron `lung metal case fitted over the whole body, except the head, to provide a person with prolonged artificial respiration by the use of mechanical pumps 铁肺; 人工呼吸器. `iron-mould (US -mold) n [U] brown mark caused by iron-rust or an ink-stain 铁锈迹; 墨迹. ,iron `rations small supply of (esp tinned) food to be used only in an emergency (by troops, explorers, etc) （部队或探险人员等的）应急口粮（尤指罐头食品）. `ironstone n [U] 1 (also ,ironstone `china) type of hard-wearing white pottery 硬质陶器; 坚质陶器. 2 hard iron ore 铁矿石. `ironware[-weE(r); -7wer] n [U] (esp domestic) articles made of iron （尤指家用的）铁制用具. `ironwork n [U] things made of iron, eg gratings, rails, railings 铁制品（如格栅、 铁轨、 栏杆）. `ironworks n [pl, usu sing v 通常与单数动词连用]; (Brit) place where iron is smelted or where heavy iron goods are made 钢铁厂.

ironic
[ai'rCnik; ai'ranik] (also ironical/ai'rCnikl; ai'ranikl] ) adj using or expressing irony; full of irony 用反语的; 有很多反语的; 讽刺的: * an ironic expression, smile, remark etc, ie one showing that you do not expect to be taken seriously or literally 揶揄的表情、 微笑、 言语等 * His death gave an ironic twist to the story, eg because he died before he could enjoy the money he had stolen. 他这一死使整件事啼笑皆非（如偷了钱未及享用即已一命呜呼）. 派生： ironically[-kli; -kli] adv 1 in an ironic manner 用反语或讽刺的方式: * He smiled ironically. 他微笑中带有讽刺意味. 2 it seems ironic (that) 具有讽刺意味的（是...）: * Ironically, most people came to watch the match on the day it poured with rain. 老天爷好像成心捉弄人, 很多人前来看比赛却偏偏下起瓢泼大雨.

ironmonger
[5aiEnmQNgE(r); 5ailn7mQNgl] n (Brit) (US `hardware dealer) dealer in tools, householdimplements, etc 五金商人. > `ironmongery[-mQNgEri;-7mQNgEri] n [U] (Brit) (US hardware).

irony
[5aiErEni; 5airEni] n 1 [U] expression of one's meaning by saying the direct opposite of one's thoughts in order to be emphatic, amusing, sarcastic, etc 反语; 反话: * `That's really lovely, that is!’ he said with heavy irony. ‘那真是可爱极了, 真的!’他故意说反话. 2 [U, C] situation, event, etc that is desirable in itself but so unexpected or ill-timed that it appears to be deliberately perverse 有讽刺意味的情况、 事情等（其本身未始不可取, 但因出人意料或来非其时而似故意乖违）: * the irony of fate 命运的嘲弄 * He inherited a fortune but died a month later; one of life's little ironies. 他继承一笔遗产後一个月就死了, 有点时乖命蹇吧.

irradiate
[i'reidieit; i'redi7et] v (fml 文) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) send rays of light upon sth; subject sth to sunlight, ultraviolet rays or radioactivity 照耀某物; （用阳光、 紫外线或放射线）照射某物. 2 [Tn.pr esp passive 尤用於被动语态] ~ sth with sth (fig 比喻) light up or brighten sth 使某事物生辉; 焕发: * faces irradiated with joy 闪露着喜悦之光的脸.

irrational
[i'rAFEnl; i'rAFEnl] adj 1 not guided by reason; illogical or absurd 没有道理的; 不合逻辑的; 荒谬的: * irrational fears, behaviour, arguments 荒唐无稽的恐惧、 行为、 论据. 2 not capable of reasoning 无理性的: * behave like an irrational animal 表现得像无理性的野兽. > irrationality/i7rAFE'nAlEti; i7rAFE'nAlEti] n [U]. irrationally/i'rAFnEli; i'rAFEnli] adv.

irreconcilable
[i'rekEnsailEbl, i7rekEn5sailEbl; i'rekEn7sailEbl] adj (fml 文) ~ (with sb/sth) (a) (of people) that cannot be reconciled （指人）不能和解的. (b) (of ideas, actions) that cannot be brought into harmony with each other （指思想、 行动）不能调和的: * We can never agree our views are irreconcilable. 我们永远不能一致--彼此的看法无法调和. > irreconcilably[-EblI; -EblI/ adv.

irrecoverable
[7iri5kQvErEbl; 7iri5kQvErEbl] adj (fml 文) that cannot be recovered or remedied 无法挽回的; 不能治愈的; 无法补救的: * suffer irrecoverable losses, eg in business 遭受无法挽回的损失（如在商业中）. > irrecoverably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv.

irredeemable
[7iri5di:mEbl; 7iri5dimEbl] adj 1 (finance财) (a) (of government annuities, bonds, shares, etc) that cannot be terminated by repayment （指政府年金, 债券、 股票等）不能藉偿还而终止的. (b) (of paper money) that cannot be exchanged for money in coins （指纸币）不能兑成硬币的. 2 (fml 文) that cannot be restored, reclaimed or saved 不能恢复的; 不能收回的; 不能挽救的: * an irredeemable loss, misfortune, etc 不能挽救的损失、 不幸等. > irredeemably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv (fml 文).

irreducible
[7iri5dju:sEbl; - -'du:s-; 7iri5dusEbl] adj (fml 文) 1 that cannot be reduced or made smaller 不能减低的; 不能缩小的: * Expenditure on road repairs has been cut to an irreducible minimum. 修路费已削减到不能再减的最低限度了. 2 that cannot be made simpler 不可简化的: * a problem of irreducible complexity 复杂性不可简化的问题. > irreducibly[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv.

irrefutable
[ 9IrI5fju:tEbl, also I5refjUtEbl; 9IrI`fjutEbl,I`rZfjJtEbl] adj (fml 文) that cannot be proved false 驳不倒的: * an irrefutable argument 无法反驳的论点 * irrefutable evidence, proof, etc 无法推翻的证据、 证明等. > irrefutably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv: * irrefutably the greatest living violinist 当今无可争议的最伟大的小提琴家.

irregular
[i'regjulE(r); i'regjEll] adj ~ (in sth) 1 not regular in shape, arrangement, etc; uneven （形状）不规则的; （安排）无规律的; 不平坦的: * a coast with an irregular outline, eg with many bays, inlets, etc 曲折的海岸线（如有很多的海湾等）. 2 not happening, coming, going, etc regularly; varying or unequal （发生、 来、 去等）无规律的; 变化的; 不均等的: * an irregular pulse 不均匀的脉搏 * occur at irregular intervals 不定期发生 * be irregular in attending class 听课次数不定. 3 contrary to the rules or to what is normal or established 不规则的; 不合常规的; 非正规的: * an irregular practice, situation 不合常规的做法、 情况 * keep irregular hours, eg get up and go to bed at unusual times 不守常时（如不於正常时间起床和入睡） * His behaviour is highly irregular. 他的行为很不规矩. 4 (grammar) not inflected in the usual way 不规则（变化）的: * `Child' has an irregular plural, ie `children'. Child一词的复数形式不规则, 即children. * irregular verbs 不规则动词. =>App 2 见附录2. 5 (of troops) not belonging to the regular armed forces （指部队）非正规的. 派生： irregular n (usu pl 通常作复数) member of an irregular military force 非正规军成员. irregularity/i7regju'lrEti; 7iregjE'lArEti] n 1 [U] state or quality of being irregular 不整齐; 不平坦; 无规律; 不规则; 不合常规. 2 [C] thing that is irregular 不整齐、 不平坦、 无规律、 不规则或不合常规的事物: * the irregularities of the earth's surface 地球表面的凹凸不平 * There were some irregularities in the accounts, eg figures that were not correct. 帐目中有些出入（如数字不确）. irregularly adv.

irrelevant
[i'relEvEnt; i'relEvEnt] adj ~ (to sth) not connected (with sth); not relevant (to sth) （与某事物）不相关的, 无关系的; 不切题的: * irrelevant remarks 不相关的言语 * What you say is irrelevant to the subject. 你说的话不切题. 派生： irrelevance[-Ens; -Ens] n [U] state of being irrelevant 不相关; 无关系; 不切题. irrelevancy[-Ensi; -Ensi] n 1 [U] = irrelevance. 2 [C] irrelevant remark, question, etc 不相干的言语、 问题等: * Let us ignore these irrelevancies. 咱们不必管这些不相干的事. irrelevantly adv.

irreligious
[7iri5lidVEs; 7iri5lidVEs] adj feeling no interest in, or feeling hostile to, religion; irreverent 漠视宗教的; 敌视宗教的; 不虔敬的: * an irreligious act, person 反宗教的行为、 人.

irremediable
[7iri5mi:diEbl; 7iri5midiEbl] adj (fml 文) that cannot be remedied or corrected 无可救药的; 不能补救的; 无法改正的: * an irremediable loss, mistake 无法补救的损失、 错误. > irremediably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv.

irremovable
[7iri5mu:vEbl; 7iri5muvEbl] adj that cannot be removed 不能移动的; 不能除去的.

irreparable
[i'repErEbl; i'repErEbl] adj (of a loss, an injury, etc) that cannot be put right, restored or repaired （指损失、 伤害等）不可弥补的, 无法恢复的, 不能修补的: * irreparable damage, harm, etc 无法修复的损坏、 无可弥补的伤害. > irreparably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv.

irreplaceable
[7iri5pleisEbl; 7iri5plesEbl] adj that cannot be replaced if lost or damaged （若失掉或损坏时）不能替代的: * an irreplaceable antique vase, the only one of its kind 一件举世无双、 独一无二的古花瓶.

irrepressible
[7iri5presEbl; 7iri5presEbl] adj that cannot be held back or controlled 不能抑制的; 不能控制的: * irrepressible laughter, envy, high spirits, etc 情不自禁的笑声、 羡慕、 高昂情绪等 * You cannot keep her quiet for long; she's irrepressible! 想让她多安静会儿可办不到, 她总是欢蹦乱跳的! > irrepressibly[-Ebli;-Ebli] adv.

irreproachable
[7iri5prEutFEbl; 7iri5protFEbl] adj freefrom blame or fault 无可指责的; 无过失的: * irreproachableconduct 无可指责的行为. > irreproachably[-Ebli;-Ebli] adv.

irresistible
[7iri5zistEbl; 7iri5zistEbl] adj 1 too strong tobe resisted （强大得）不可抵抗的: * an irresistible temptation,urge, impulse, etc 无法抗拒的诱惑、 强烈愿望、 冲动等 * His arguments were irresistible. 他的论据是无从反驳的. 2 too delightful or attractive to be resisted （因讨人喜爱或吸引人）使人不能自己的: * On such a hot day, the sea was irresistible, ie We couldn't resist the desire to swim in it. 天这麽热, 我们不禁要下海游泳. * With her beauty, wit and charm, he found her irresistible. 她漂亮、 聪明、 帅气, 他不由得一见倾心. > irresistibly[-EblI; -EblI/ adv.

irresolute
[i'rezElu:t; i'rezE7lut] adj (fml 文) feeling or showing uncertainty; hesitating 优柔寡断的; 犹豫不决的. > irresolutely adv. irresolution/i7rezE'lu:Fn;7irezE'luFEn] n [U].

irrespective
[7iri5spektiv; 7iri5spektiv] irrespective of prep not taking account of or considering (sth/sb) 不顾或不考虑（某事物[某人]）: * The laws apply to everyone irrespective of race, creed or colour. 法律适用於所有的人, 不分种族、 信仰或肤色.

irresponsible
[7iri5spCnsEbl; 7iri5spansEbl] adj (of people, actions, etc) not showing a proper sense of responsibility （指人、 行为等）不负责任的, 没有责任感的: * an irresponsible child 没有责任感的孩子* irresponsible behaviour 不负责任的行为 * It is irresponsible of you not to prepare students for their exams. 你不帮助学生准备考 试就是不负责. Cf 参看 responsible 4. > irresponsibility[7iri7spCnsE'bilEti; 7iri7spansE'bilEti] n [U]. irresponsibly[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv.

irretrievable
[7iri5tri:vEbl; 7iri5trivEbl] adj (fml 文) that cannot be retrieved or remedied 不可挽回的; 不能补救的: * an irretrievable loss 不可弥补的损失 * The breakdown of their marriage was irretrievable. 他俩婚姻破裂, 已无法和好如初. > irretrievably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv.

irreverent
[i'revErEnt; i'revErEnt] adj feeling or showing no respect for sacred things （对神圣之物）不敬的. > irreverence[-Ens; -Ens] n [U]. irreverently adv.

irreversible
[7iri5vE:sEbl; 7iri5vEsEbl] adj that cannot be reversed or revoked; unalterable 不能反转的; 不能撤销的; 不能更改的: * He suffered irreversible brain damage in the crash. 他在事故中大脑受伤无法治愈. > irreversibly[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv.

irrevocable
[i'revEkEbl; i'revEkEbl] adj (fml 文) that cannot be changed or revoked; final 不能改变的; 不能撤回的; 不能取消的; 最後确定性的: * an irrevocable decision, judgement, etc 不可改变的决定、 判决等 * (finance 财) an irrevocable letter of credit 不可撤销信用证. > irrevocably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv.

irrigate
[5irigeit; 5irE7get] v [Tn] 1 supply (land or crops) with water (by means of streams, reservoirs, channels, pipes, etc) 灌溉（田地或作物）: * irrigate desert areas to make them fertile 灌溉荒芜地区使之肥沃. 2 (medical 医) wash (a wound, etc) with a constant flow of liquid 冲洗（伤口等）. 派生： irrigable[5irigEbl; 5irigEbl] adj that can be irrigated 可灌溉的; 可冲洗的. irrigation[7iri5geiFn; 7irE'geFEn] n [U]: * [attrib 作定语] an irrigation project 灌溉工程 * irrigation canals 灌溉渠.

irritable
[5iritEbl; 5irEtEbl] adj easily annoyed or made angry; touchy 急躁的; 易怒的; 暴躁的. > irritability[7iritE'bilEti; 7irEtE'bilEti] n [U]. irritably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv.

irritant
[5iritEnt; 5irEtEnt] adj causing irritation; irritating 有刺激性的; 刺激的: * a substance that is irritant to sensitive skins 对敏感的皮肤有刺激性的物质. 派生： irritant n (a) substance that irritates, eg pepper in the nose 刺激物（如呛到鼻子里的胡椒）. (b) (fig 比喻) thing that annoys 令人烦恼的事物: The noise of traffic is a constant irritant to city dwellers. 车辆的噪音对城市居民是永无止境的骚扰.

irritate
[5iriteit; 5irE7tet] v [Tn] 1 make (sb) angry, annoyed or impatient 使（某人）愤怒、 烦恼或急躁: * irritated by/at the delay 受耽搁而恼怒 * It irritates me to have to shout to be heard. 我得大嚷大叫别人才能听见, 我为此十分不快. 2 (a) (biology 生) cause discomfort to (a part of the body) 使（身体某部）不适; 刺激: * Acid irritates the stomach lining. 酸能刺激胃黏膜. (b) make sore or inflamed 使疼痛或发炎: * The smoke irritates my eyes. 烟熏得我眼睛发痛. 派生： irritation[7iri5teiFn; 7irE'teFEn] n (a) [U] irritating or being irritated 愤怒; 烦恼; 急躁; 刺激; 疼痛; 发炎 . (b) [C] instance of this 愤怒; 烦恼; 急躁; 刺激; 疼痛; 发炎.

irruption
[i'rQpFn; i'rQpFEn] n [C] (fml 文) ~ (into sth)sudden and violent entry; bursting in 突然冲入; 闯入: * the irruption of a noisy group of revellers 参加欢宴的喧闹人群一涌而入.

is
=> be.

ISBN
[7ai es bi: 'en; 7ai es bi 'en] abbr 缩写 = International Standard Book Number 国际标准图书编号: * ISBN 0 19 861131 5, eg on the cover of a book ISBN 0 19 861131 5（如印於书皮上的字样）.

ISD
[7ai es 'di:; 7ai es 'di] abbr 缩写 = international subscriber dialling 国际电话用户拨号服务.

isinglass
[5aiziNgla:s; - -glAs; 5aiziN7glAs] n [U]clear white jelly from the air bladders of some freshwaterfish, used for making jellies, glue, etc 鱼胶（用鱼鳔制成, 可制果冻及胶水等）.

Islam
[iz'la:m; - 'isla:m; 5islam] n 1 [U] Muslimreligion, based on the teaching of the prophet Muhammad伊斯兰教; 回教. 2 [sing] all Muslims; all the Muslim world （全体）伊斯兰教徒, 回教徒; 伊斯兰世界. =>Usage at Christian 用法见Christian. > Islamic/ Iz5lmIk; US Is5lB:mIk; Is`lBmIk/ adj.

island
[5ailEnd; 5ailEnd] n 1 (abbrs 缩写 I, Is) piece of land surrounded by water 岛: * a group of tropical islands 在热带的一些岛上 * [attrib 作定语] The Shetlanders are an island race. 设得兰人是岛屿民族. 2 = traffic island (traffic). 派生： islander n person living on an island, esp a small or an isolated one 岛民, 岛上居民（尤指小岛或孤岛上的）.

isle
[ail; ail] n (abbrs 缩写 I, Is) (esp in poetry and proper names 尤用於诗歌和专有名词中) island 岛: * the Isle of Wight 怀特岛 * the British Isles 不列颠群岛. 派生： islet[5ailit; 5ailit] n small island 小岛.

ism
[5izEm; 5izEm] n (usu derog 通常作贬义) any distinctive doctrine or practice 主义; 学说; 制度: * behaviourism and all the other isms of the twentieth century 二十世纪的行为主义及一切其他学说.

isn't
=> be.

ISO
[7ai es 'Eu; 7ai es 'o] abbr 缩写 = International Standardization/Standards Organization 国际标准化组织. Cf 参看 ASA 2, BSI.

isobar
[5aisEba:(r); 5aisE7bar] n line on a map, esp a weather chart, joining places with the same atmospheric pressure at a particular time 等压线.

isolate
[5aisEleit; 5aisl7et] v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态, Tn.pr] 1 ~sb/sth (from sb/sth) put or keep sb/sth entirely apart from other people or things; separate sb/sth 使某人[某事物]与他人他事物完全隔离; 孤立某人[某事物]: * isolate a problem, ie in order to deal with it separately 将一问题剔出（以便单独处理） * When a person has an infectious disease, he is usually isolated (from other people). 人患传染病时通常要（与他人）隔离. * Several villages have been isolated by heavy snowfalls. 下过大雪後有几个村子与外界隔绝了. 2 ~ sth (from sth) (chemistry 化) separate (a single substance, germ, etc) from its combination with others 将（某物质、 细菌等）从其种群中离析或分离出来: * Scientists have isolated the virus causing the epidemic. 科学家们已分离出引起这种流行病的病毒. 派生： isolated adj 1 separate; single or unique 隔离的; 分离的; 孤立的; 单独的; 独一无二的: an isolated outbreak of smallpox 局部地区的天花病突发 * an isolated case, instance, occurrence, etc 个别的事例、 例子、 现象等. 2 standing alone; solitary 孤立的; 孤独的: an isolated building 独立的建 物 * lead an isolated existence, eg as a lighthouse-keeper 过着与世隔绝的生活（如灯塔看守人）.

isolation
[7aisE'leiFn; 7aisl'eFEn] n [U] 1 ~ (from sb/sth) isolating or being isolated 隔离; 脱离; 分离; 孤立. 2 (idm 习语) in isolation (from sb/sth) separately; alone 单独地; 独自地; 个别地: * examine each piece of evidence in isolation, ie without considering the others 分别审查每一证据（不考虑与其他证据的关系） * Looked at in isolation, these facts are not encouraging. 孤立地看, 这些事实并不乐观. 复合： iso`lation hospital, iso`lation ward hospital or ward for people with infectious diseases 隔离病院; 隔离病房.

isolationism
[7aisE'leiFEnizEm; 7aisl'eFEnizm] n [U] ~ (from sth) policy of not participating in the affairs of other countries or groups 孤立主义. 派生： isolationist[-FEnist; -FEnist] n, adj (person) supporting isolationism 孤立主义的; 孤立主义者.

isometric
[7aisE'metrik; 7aisE'metrik] adj 1 having equal dimensions and measurements 有相等的量度的;等量的. 2 (in physiology) (of muscle action) contractingand developing tension while the muscle is prevented from shortening （生理学上）（指肌肉运动）提高肌张力而肌肉不缩短的. 3 (of a drawing, etc) without perspective, so that lines along the three axes are of equal length （指图样等）等长的, 等角的, 等距的.

isomorph
[5aisEmC:f; 5aisE7mCrf] n substance or organism with the same form or structure as another 同形体; 同晶体. > isomorphic[7aisE'mC:fik; 7aisE'mCrfik] (also isomorphous[7aisE'mC:fEs; 7aisE'mCrfEs] ) adj.

isosceles
[ai'sCsEli:z; ai'sasl7iz] adj (geometry 几) (of a triangle) having two sides equal in length （指叁角形）二等边的, 等腰的. =>illus at triangle 见triangle插图.

isotherm
[5aisEWE:m; 5aisE7WEm] n line on a map joining places that have the same average temperature 等温线.

isotope
[5aisEtEup; 5aisE7top] n one of two or more forms of a chemical element with different atomic weight and different nuclear properties but the same chemical properties 同位素: * radioactive isotopes, ie unstable forms of atoms used in medicine and industry 放射性同位素（用於医学和工业）.

issue
[5iFu:, 'isju:; 5iFu] n 1 (a) [U] outgoing; outflow 放出; 发出; 流出: * the place/point of issue 发出地[点]. (b) [sing] instance of flowing out 放出; 发出; 流出: * an issue of blood, eg from a wound 流血（如自伤口流出）. 2 (a) [U] supply and distribution of items for use or sale 发出; 分发: * buy new stamps on the day of issue 於邮票发行日购买新邮票 * the issue of rifles and ammunition to troops 发给部队枪枝弹药 * the issue of a new edition of this dictionary 这部词典的新版本的出版. (b) [C] number, quantity or set of items supplied and distributed at one time 一次发出、 分发的数量或一套: * a special issue of stamps/ banknotes/ shares 特别发行的邮票[钞票/股票] * emergency issues of blankets to refugees 向难民紧急发放的毛毯. (c) [C] one of a regular series of publications （出版物的）期号: * the July issue, eg of a magazine 七月号（如杂志的）. 3 [sing] (fml 文) result or outcome 结果; 结局: * await the issue 等待结果 * bring a campaign to a successful issue 使一活动获得良好结果. 4 [C] important topic for discussion; point in question 重要的议题; 争论点; 争端: * a vital, political, topical, etc issue 重大的、 政治的、 时事的...问题 * debate an issue 辩论一问题 * raise a new issue 提出新议题 * evade/avoid the issue 回避该问题 * confuse the issue 混淆该问题. 5 [U] (law 律) children considered as part of one's family 子女; 子孙: * die without issue, ie childless 身故无後. 6 (idm 习语) (the matter, point, etc) at issue (the matter, point, etc) being discussed or debated 讨论或争议中的（问题、 争论点等）: * What's at issue here is the whole future of the industry. 争论的焦点是这个行业总的前景. force the issue => force2. make an issue (out) of sth treat (a minor matter) as if it needed serious discussion like a major matter （像对待大事一样）处理（小事）:

issue1
* It's only a small disagreement, let's not make an issue of it. 那仅仅是个小小的分歧--咱们别小题大作了. take issue with sb (about/ on/ over sth) proceed to disagree or argue with sb (about sth) （就某事）向某人提出异议或与某人争论. 派生： issue v (fml 文) 1 [Ipr, Ip] ~ from sth; ~ out/forth (from sth) come, go or flow out 出来; 出去; 流出: blood issuing from a wound 从伤口流出的血 * smoke issuing (forth) from a chimney 从烟囱中冒出的烟. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sb)[sb with sth supply or distribute sth to sb for use 将某物发给、 供给或分配给某人使用: issue visas to foreign visitors 给外国游客签证 * issue warm clothing to the survivors 给幸存者分发御寒衣物 * issue them with warm clothing 发给他们御寒衣物. 3 [Tn] publish (books, articles, etc) or put into circulation (stamps, banknotes, shares, etc) 出版或发表（书、 文章等）; 发行（邮票、 钞票、 股票等）. 4 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) send sth out; make sth known 发出; 颁布; 公布: issue orders, instructions, etc 发布命令、 指示等 * The minister issued a statement to the press. 部长向新闻界发表声明. 5 [Ipr] ~ from sth (fml 文) result or be derived from sth 由某事物得出或产生.

isthmus
[5ismEs; 5ismEs] n (pl ~es) narrow strip of land joining two larger areas of land that would otherwise be separated by water 地峡: * the Isthmus of Panama 巴拿马地峡.

it
1[it; it] pers pron 人称代词 (used as the subject or object of a v or after a prep 用作动词的主体或宾语或用於介词之後) 1 (a) animal or thing mentioned earlier or being observed now 它: * `Where's your car?’ `It's in the garage.’ ‘你的汽车在哪儿呢?’‘在车库里’. * Did you hit it? 你打中了吗? * Fill a glass with water and dissolve this tablet in it. 倒杯水把药片放进去溶解了. * We've got 500. Will it be enough for a deposit? 我们有500英镑了. 够不够作押金的? (b) baby, esp one whose sex is not known or unimportant 他（指婴儿, 尤指性别不详或无所谓时）: * Her baby's due next month. She hopes it will be a boy. 她怀的孩子该下月出生. 她希望是个男孩儿. * The baby next door kept me awake. It cried all night. 隔壁的孩子吵得我睡不着觉. 他整夜哭个没完. 2 fact or situation already known or implied （已知的或暗含的）事实或情况: * When the factory closes, it (ie this event) will mean 500 redundancies. 工厂一旦关闭, 那就意味着要有500人遭遣散. * Yes, I was at home on Sunday. What about/of it? 是啊, 我星期天在家来着. 怎麽了? 3 (used to identify a person 用以确定一人的身分): * It's the milkman. 那是送牛奶的. * It's Peter on the phone. 是彼得打来的电话. * Was it you who put these books on my desk? 是你把这些书放到我桌上的吗? 4 (idm 习语) this/that is `it (a) this/that is what is required 这[那]正是所需要的: * We've been looking for a house for months and I think this is it. 我们找房子已经找了好几个月了, 我看这所就是我们要找的. (b) this/that is the reason for the lack of success 这[那]正是未能成功的原因: * That's just it I can't work when you're making so much noise. 原因就在这里--你弄出这麽大的声音, 我工作不了. (c) this/that is the end 这[那]就是终结: * I'm afraid that's it we've lost the match. 我看到此为止了--这场比赛我们已经输了.

it'd
[5itEd; 5itEd] contracted form 缩约式 1 it had => have. 2 it would => will1, would2.

it'll
[5itl; 5itl] contracted form 缩约式 it will => will1.

it's
[its; its] contracted form 缩约式 1 it is => be. 2 it has => have.

it1
派生： its/its; its] possess det of or belonging to a thing, an animal or a baby 它的, 他的（指事物、 动物或幼儿）: * We wanted to buy the table but its surface was damaged. 我们想买那张桌子, 可惜桌面残了. * Have you any idea of its value? 你知道这东西的价值吗? * The dog was howling its paw was hurt. 那条狗在嗥叫--它的爪子受伤了. * The baby threw its food on the floor. 那个小孩儿把食物扔到地上了.

ita
[7ai ti: 'ei; 7ai ti 'e] abbr 缩写 = initial teaching alphabet (a partially phonetic system used to teach reading) 启蒙教学字母.

Italian
[i'tAliEn; i'tAljEn] adj of Italy, its culture, language or people 意大利的; 意大利文化的; 意大利语的; 意大利人的. 派生： Italian n native of Italy 意大利人. Italianate/i'tAljEneit; i'tAljEn7et] adj of Italian style or appearance 意大利风格的; 意大利式的.

italic
[i'tAlik; i'tAlik] adj 1 (of printed letters) sloping forwards （指印刷字母）斜体的: * This sentence is in italic type. 本句是用斜体字印刷的. Cf 参看 roman 3. 2 of or for a compact pointed style of handwriting （书写）斜体的: * write in italic script 用斜体写 * an italic pen-nib 写斜体字用的钢笔尖. 派生： italicize, -ise/i'tAlisaiz; i'tAlE7saiz] v [Tn] print (sth) in italic type 用斜体字印刷（某物）. italics n [pl] printed italic letters 印刷的斜体字母: Examples in this dictionary are in italics. 本词典中的示例均为斜体字. =>App 3 见附录3.

Italo-
comb form 构词成分 Italian; of Italy 意大利的: the Italo-Swiss frontier.

itch
[itF; itF] n 1 [C usu sing 通常作单数] feeling of irritation on the skin, causing a desire to scratch 痒:suffer from, have, feel an itch 觉得痒. 2 [sing] ~ for sth/to do sth (infml 口) restless desire or longing 热望; 渴望: * have an itch for adventure 渴望冒险 * She cannot resist the/her itch to travel. 她巴不得要去旅行. 3 (idm 习语) the seven-year `itch (joc infml 谑, 口) the desire for new sexual experience that is thought to be felt after about seven years of marriage 七年之痒（据认为结婚约七年後会有喜新厌旧之感）. 派生： itch v 1 [I] have or cause an itch 发痒: scratch where it itches 搔痒处 * Scratch yourself if you itch! 觉得痒就挠挠! * Are your mosquito bites still itching? 蚊子咬的地方还痒吗? 2 [Ipr, It] ~ for sth/to do sth (infml 口) feel a strong restless desire for sth 渴望; 热望: pupils itching for the lesson to end 盼着下课的学生 * I'm itching to tell you the news! 我巴不得要把这消息告诉你! 3 (idm 习语) have an itching `palm be greedy for money 贪财. itchy adj (-ier[5itFiE(r); 5itFil] , -iest[5itFiist; 5itFiist] ) 1 having or producing irritation on the skin 发痒的: * an itchy scalp, eg caused by dandruff 发痒的头皮（如因有头皮屑）. 2 (idm 习语) (get/have) itchy feet (infml 口) (feel a) restless desire to travel or move from place to place 渴望各处走动. itchiness n [U].

item
[5aitEm; 5aitEm] n 1 single article or unit in a list, etc 条款; 项目: * the first item on the agenda 议事日程上的第一项 * number the items in a catalogue 给目录中各条目编号. 2 single piece of news 一则或一条新闻: * There's an important news item/item of news in today's paper. 今天报上有一则重要新闻. 派生： item adv (used to introduce each of several articles in a list 逐条列举时用以起首) also （还有）一项: item, one chair; item, two carpets, etc 一项, 椅子一把; 还有一项, 地毯两张等. itemize, -ise[5aitEmaiz; 5aitEmaiz] v [Tn] give or write every item of (sth) 逐项列出或记载: * an itemized list, account, bill, etc 分项开列的清单、 记载帐目、 帐单等.

iterate
[5itEreit; 5itE7ret] v [Tn, Tn.pr, Tf, Tw, Dpr.f, Dpr.w] ~sth (to sb) (fml 文) say sth again and again; make (an accusation, a demand, etc) repeatedly 反覆说某事; 一再提出（指责、 要求等）. Cf 参看 reiterate. > iteration[7itE'reiFn; 7itE'reFEn] n [U].

itinerant
[ai'tinErEnt, i'tinErEnt; ai'tinErEnt, i'tinErEnt] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] travelling from place to place 巡回的; 流动的: * an itinerant musician, entertainer, preacher, etc 巡回音乐家、 演员、 牧师等.

itinerary
[ aI5tInErErI, I5tInErErI; ?@ -rerI; aI`tInE9rZrI,I`tInE9rZrI] n plan for, or record of, a journey; route 旅行的计画或记录; 旅行路线: * keep to, depart from, follow one's itinerary 按照、 离开、 根据自己的旅行计画.

ITN
[7ai ti: 'en; 7ai ti 'en] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Independent Television News 独立电视新闻公司: * news at 10 on ITN 独立电视新闻公司10点钟的新闻.

its
=> it1.

itself
[it'self; it'self] reflex, emph pron 反身、 强调代词 (only taking the main stress in sentences when used emphatically 只在句中表示强调时方重读) 1 (reflex 反身) (used when the animal, thing, etc causing the action is also affected by it 用以复指施动的动物、 事物等): * The wounded horse could not ,raise itself from the `ground. 那受伤的马自己站不起来了. * The committee decided to a,ward itself a `pay increase. 委员会决定给委员本身加薪. 2 (emph 强调) (used to emphasize an animal, a thing, etc 用以指动物、 事物等以加强语气): * The name it`self sounds foreign. 这名字本身听起来就很陌生. 3 (idm 习语) by it`self (a) automatically 自动地: * The machine will start by itself in a few seconds. 机器在几秒钟後会自动开启. (b) alone 独自地; 单独地: * The statue stands by itself in the square. 广场上孤零零地立着这座雕像.

ITT
[7ai ti: 'ti:; 7ai ti 'ti] abbr 缩写 = International Telephone and Telegraph Corporation 国际电话电报公司: * work for ITT 为国际电话电报公司工作.

ITV
[7ai ti: 'vi:; 7ai ti 'vi] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Independent Television 独立电视公司: * watch a film on ITV 看独立电视公司播放的影片 * an ITV documentary 独立电视公司的记录片. Cf 参看 BBC, IBA.

IUD
[7ai ju: 'di:; 7ai ju 'di] (also IUCD[7ai ju: * si: * 'di:; 7ai ju si 'di] ) abbr 缩写 = intra-uterine (contraceptive) device.

ivory
[5aivEri; 5aivEri] n 1 [U] creamy-white bone-like substance forming the tusks of elephants, walruses, etc 象牙; （海象等的）长牙: * [attrib 作定语] an ivory statuette 象牙制的小雕像. 2 [C] object made of this 象牙制品: * a priceless collection of ivories 象牙的稀世珍品收藏. 3 [U] colour of ivory 象牙色的; 乳白色的: * [attrib 作定语] an ivory skin, complexion, etc 乳白色的皮肤、 面色等 * ivory-coloured silk 乳白色的丝绸. 4 (idm 习语) an ,ivory `tower place or situation where people retreat from the unpleasant realities of everyday life and pretend that these do not exist 象牙塔（对日常生活中烦恼的现实视而不见者的退身之所或处境）: * live in an ivory tower 生活在象牙塔中 * [attrib 作定语] lead an,ivory-tower e`xistence 过象牙塔式的生活.

ivy
[5aivi; 5aivi] n [U] any of various types of climbing evergreen plant, esp one with dark shiny five-pointed leaves 常春藤: * [attrib 作定语] an ivy leaf 常春藤叶. 派生： ivied[5aivid; 5aivid] adj covered with ivy 爬满常春藤的: * ivied walls 长满常春藤的墙壁. 复合：,Ivy `League group of traditional universities inthe eastern US with a reputation for high academic standards and social prestige 常春藤联盟（美国东部有高度学术水平和社会声誉的名牌大学的通称）. -ize, -ise suff 後缀 (with ns and adjs forming vs 与名词和形容词结合构成动词) 1 become or make like 成为...; 使像...; 使...化: dramatize * miniaturize. 2 act or treat with the qualities of 以...方式处理或对待: criticize * deputize. 3 place in 置於: containerize * hospitalize. > -ization, -isation (forming ns 用以构成名词): immunization. -izationally, -isationally (forming advs 用以构成副词): organizationally. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: 1 In some words ending with the sound/aiz; aiz] -ize and -ise are equally acceptable spellings 有些字的字尾读音为/ aIz; aIz/, 其拼写法作-ize和-ise均可: * emphasize/emphasise, criticize/criticise. -ise is more common in British than in US English. *-ise的拼法在英式英语中比在美式英语中常见. In this dictionary both spellings are shown when both are possible. 在两种拼法皆可时, 本词典将之一并列出. 2 There are some words which, because of their origin, are always spelt with -ise 有些字, 因字源关系, 一向拼作 -ise: * advertise (US also advertize), advise, comprise, despise, exercise, etc. 3 Some people criticize the over-use of -ize or -ise to form words such as burglarize (= `burgle') or hospitalize (= `send to hospital'). 有些人批评滥用 -ize或 -ise造字的现象, 如burglarize(= burgle)或hospitalize (= send to hospital).

J, j
[dVei; dVe] n (pl J's, j's/dVeiz; dVez] ) the tenth letter of the English alphabet 英语字母表的第十个字母: * `Joker' begins with (a) J/`J'. joker一字以j字母开始.

jab
[dVAb; dVAb] v (-bb-) 1 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (at sb/sth) (with sth); ~ sb/sth (with sth) poke or push at sb/sth roughly, usu with sth sharp or pointed 捅, 刺, 戳, 猛击（某人[某物]）（通常指用利器或尖物）: * He kept jabbing (away) at the paper cup with his pencil. 他用铅笔（不停地）戳着纸杯. * a blackbird jabbing at a worm, ie using its beak 啄食蠕虫的黑鹂 * He jabbed at his opponent, eg of a boxer aiming a quick blow. 他猛击对手（如拳击手以快拳出击）. * She jabbed me in the ribs with her elbow. 她用肘顶我的肋部. 2 (phr v) jab sth into sb/sth force sth into sb/sth 使某物捅或刺某人[某物]: * He jabbed his elbow into my side. 他用肘猛顶我的腰. jab sth out force or push sth out by jabbing 戳出某物: * Be careful with that umbrella you nearly jabbed my eye out! 小心那把伞--你差一点把我的眼睛戳出来! =>Usage at nudge 用法见nudge. 派生： jab n (a) sudden rough blow or thrust, usu with sth pointed 捅; 刺; 戳; 猛击: a jab in the arm 刺在手臂上的一下. (b) (infml 口) injection or inoculation 注射; 打针; 接种: Have you had your cholera jabs yet? 你打霍乱预防针了吗?

jabber
[5dVAbE(r); 5dVAbl] v 1 [I, Ip] ~ (away/on) talk rapidly in what seems to be a confused manner 急促而含混不清地说话: * Listen to those children jabbering away! 你听那些孩子叽叽喳喳地说个没完! 2 [Tn, Tn.p] utter (words, etc) rapidly and indistinctly 急促而含混不清地说（话等）: * He jabbered out what I assumed was an apology. 他叽叽咕咕地说了些我认为像是道歉的话. 派生： jabber n [U] jabbering; chatter 急促而含混不清的话; 唠叨: the jabber of monkeys 猴子吱吱的叫声.

jabot
[5VAbEu; VA'bo] n ornamental frill on the front of a woman's blouse or a man's shirt （衬衫胸部的）装饰褶边.

jack
knife

jackal
[5dVAkC:l; - -kl; 5dVAkl] n wild animal of Africa and Asia that is related to the dog 胡狼, 豺（产於亚非）.

jackanapes
[5dVAkEneips; 5dVAkE7neps] n (pl unchanged复数不变) (dated 旧) impertinent fellow; mischievouschild 无礼的家伙; 顽童: * Come here, you young jackanapes!过来, 你这个小淘气鬼!

jackass
[5dVAkAs; 5dVAk7As] n 1 male ass 公驴. 2 (fig infml 比喻, 口) foolish person 愚蠢的人; 笨蛋.

jackboot
[5dVAkbu:t; 5dVAk7but] n 1 tall boot, esp one worn by certain soldiers 长统靴（尤指某些军人穿的）. 2 (fig 比喻) military oppression; tyranny 军事压迫; 暴政: * under the jackboot of a dictatorial regime 在专制制度的暴政下.

jackdaw
[5dVAkdC:; 5dVAk7dC] n bird of the crow family (noted for stealing small bright objects) 寒鸦, 穴鸟（以偷取明亮的小东西而闻名）.

jacket
[5dVAkit; 5dVAkit] n 1 short coat with sleeves 短上衣; 夹克: * a tweed jacket 花呢上衣. =>illus 见插图. 2 outer cover round a boiler, tank, pipe, etc to reduce loss of heat （锅炉、 槽、 管等的）保温套: * a water jacket, iecover used to cool an engine （发动机的）冷却套. 3 (also`dust-jacket) loose paper cover for a hardback book （精装书的）护封. 4 (of a potato) skin （指马铃薯）皮: * [attrib 作定语] ,jacket po`tatoes, ie potatoes baked without being peeled 带皮烤熟的土豆.

jackpot
[5dVAkpCt; 5dVAk7pat] n 1 (in various games, esp poker) stake or prize that continues to be added to until won （多种游戏中, 尤指扑克）累积的赌注（逐渐增加直到赌赢为止）. 2 (idm 习语) hit the jackpot => hit1.

Jacobean
[7dVAkE'biEn; 7dVAkE'biEn] adj of the reign of the English king, James I (1603-25) 英王詹姆斯一世时期的（1603-1625年）: * ,Jacobean `literature, `architecture, `furniture, etc 英王詹姆斯一世时期的文学、 建 、 家具等.

Jacobite
[5dVAkEbait; 5dVAkE7bait] n supporter of the English king James II (reigned 1685-88) after his overthrow, or of his descendants who claimed the throne 英王詹姆斯二世（1685-1688年在位）被推翻後的遗民或拥戴其後裔复辟的人: * [attrib 作定语] the first Jacobite rebellion 英王詹姆斯二世追随者的第一次叛乱.

Jacuzzi
[dVE'ku:zi; dVE'kuzi] n (propr 专利名) bath with underwater jets of water that massage the body 按摩浴缸（水下喷水可起按摩作用）.

jade
1[dVeid; dVed] n [U] 1 hard, usu green, stone from which ornaments, etc are carved 玉; 翡翠: * [attrib 作定语] a jade vase, necklace, etc 翡翠花瓶、 项 等 * jade-green eyes 碧绿的眼睛. 2 ornaments, etc made of jade 玉制的饰物等: * a collection of Chinese jade 收藏的一批中国玉器.

jaded
[5dVeidid; 5dVedid] adj (derog or joc 贬或谑) tired and lacking zest, usu after too much of sth 疲倦的, 缺乏热情的（尤指因厌倦）: * looking jaded after an all-night party 在通宵欢聚之後显得疲惫不堪 * (fig 比喻) a jaded appetite 吃腻了的胃口.

jag
[dVAg; dVAg] n (infml 口) 1 bout of heavy drinking; spree 一阵痛饮; 欢闹. 2 period of concentrated activity, strong emotion, etc 一阵精神集中的活动、 感情激动等.

jagged
[5dVAgid; 5dVAgid] adj with rough, uneven, often sharp, edges; notched 边缘不整齐的（常为锐利的）; 有V形缺口的: * jagged rocks 犬牙交错的岩石 * a piece of glass with a jagged edge 边缘参差不齐的玻璃.

jaguar
[5dVAgjuE(r); 5dVAgju7ar] n large spotted memberof the cat family inhabiting parts of central America 美洲豹; 美洲虎.

jail
= gaol.

jalopy
[dVE'lCpi; dVE'lapi] n (infml 口) battered old car 破旧的汽车.

jam
1[dVAm; dVAm] n 1 [U] sweet substance made by boiling fruit with sugar until it is thick, usu preserved in jars, etc 果酱: * He spread some strawberry jam on his toast. 他把草莓酱涂在烤面包片上. 2 [C] type of this 果酱: * recipes for jams and preserves 果酱和蜜饯的制作方法. 3 (idm 习语) money for jam/old rope => money. 派生： jammy[5dVAmi; 5dVAmi] adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) 1 covered with jam 涂有果酱的: * Don't wipe your jammy fingers on the table-cloth. 你别在桌布上擦沾了果酱的手指. 2 (Brit infml 口) (a) lucky 幸运的: * You jammy so-and-so! 你这个幸运的家伙! (b) easy 容易的: * This is one of the jammiest jobs I've ever had. 这是我干过的最轻松的工作.

jamb
[dVAm; dVAm] n vertical post at the side of a doorway, window frame, fireplace, etc （门、 窗、 壁炉等的）侧柱.

jamboree
[7dVAmbE'ri:; 7dVAmbE'ri] n 1 large party; celebration 大聚会; 庆祝会. 2 large rally of Scouts or Guides 童子军的大会.

Jan
[in informal use 俗读作 dVAn; dVAn] abbr 缩写 = January: * 1 Jan 1932 1932年1月1日.

jangle
[5dVANgl; 5dVANgl] v 1 [I, Ip, Tn] (cause sth to) make a harsh metallic noise （使某物）发出刺耳的金属撞击声: * The fire-alarm kept jangling (away). 火警报警器响个不停. 2 (phr v) jangle on sth irritate (nerves, etc) by making an unpleasant noise 发出噪声刺激（神经等）: * Her voice jangles on my ears. 她的声音我觉得很刺耳. 派生： jangle n [sing] harsh, usu metallic, noise 刺耳的声音（通常指金属声）.

janitor
[5dVAnitE(r); 5dVAnEtl] n (US) = caretaker.

January
[5dAVnjuEri; - -jueri; 5dVAnju7eri] n [U, C] (abbr 缩写 Jan) the first month of the year, coming before February 一月. For the uses of January see the examples at April. 关於January的用法见April词条中的示例.

japan
[dVE'pAn; dVE'pAn] n hard shiny black varnish 黑色亮漆. 派生： japan v [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] (-nn-) cover (esp sth made of wood or metal) with japan 在（尤指木制品或金属制品）上涂黑色亮漆.

jape
[dVeip; dVep] n (dated infml 旧, 口) joke played on sb 玩笑; 嘲弄.

japonica
[dVE'pCnikE; dVE'panikE] n ornamental type of quince tree, with red flowers 贴梗海棠（装饰用的植物, 开红花）.

jar
1[dVa:(r); dVar] n 1 (a) cylindrical container, usu made of glass 广口瓶: * I keep my paint-brushes in old `jam jars. 我把画笔存放在旧果酱瓶里. =>illus at pot 见pot插图. (b) this and its contents 广口瓶及其所盛之物或量: * a jar of plum jam 一瓶梅子酱. 2 tall vessel with a wide mouth, usu cylindrical, with or without handles 罐子; 子; 缸: * large jars of olive oil 大罐子的橄榄油 * a `wine-jar 酒缸. 3 (Brit infml 口) glass (of beer) （啤酒）杯: * We're going down to the pub for a few jars. 我们打算去酒馆喝几杯啤酒.

jargon
[5dVa:gEn; 5dVargEn] n [U] (often derog 常作贬义) technical or specialized words used by a particular group of people and difficult for others to understand 术语; 行话; 切口: * scientific jargon 科学术语 * She uses so much jargon I can never understand her explanations. 她用的术语太多, 我怎麽也听不懂她的讲解.

jasmine
[5dVAsmin; - 'dVAzmEn; 5dVAzmEn] n [U] shrub with white or yellow sweet-smelling flowers 茉莉.

jasper
[5dVAspE(r); 5dVAspl] n [U] red, yellow or brown semi-precious stone 碧玉（一种次宝石, 呈红色、 黄色或褐色）.

jaundice
[5dVC:ndis; 5dVCndis] n [U] 1 disease caused by an excess of bile in the blood which makes the skin and the whites of the eyes become abnormally yellow 黄疸. 2 (fig 比喻) state of mind in which one is jealous, spiteful or suspicious 忌妒; 怨恨; 猜疑: * Do I detect a touch of jaundice (ie a slight hint of jealousy, etc) in that remark? 我听出那话里有点儿忌妒之意吧? 派生： jaundiced adj affected by jealousy, spite, etc; bitter 受忌妒、 怨恨、 猜疑等影响的: a jaundiced mind, opinion, outlook, etc 有偏见的思想、 看法、 观点等 * He has rather a jaundiced view of life. 他对生活有点儿怨天尤人的看法.

jaunt
[dVC:nt; dVCnt] n short journey, made for pleasure 短途游览: * She's gone on a jaunt into town. 她到城里游逛去了.

jaunty
[5dVC:nti; 5dVCnti] adj (-ier, -iest) feeling or showing cheerfulness and self-confidence; sprightly 扬扬得意的; 轻松愉快的: * wear one's hat at a jaunty angle, ie tipped to one side, as a sign of high spirits, etc 歪戴着帽子, 得意扬扬. > jauntily adv: * swagger jauntily 神气活现大摇大摆地走. jauntiness n [U].

javelin
[5dVAvlin; 5dVAvlin] n 1 [C] light spear for throwing (usu in sport) 标枪（通常指运动中用的）. 2 the javelin [sing] sporting contest in which competitors try to throw this the furthest 标枪（田径运动项目）: * She came second in the javelin. 她获得标枪比赛第二名. =>illus 见插图.

jaw
[dVC:; dVC] n 1 (a) [C usu pl 通常作复数] either of the bone structures containing the teeth 颌: * the upper/lower jaw 上[下]颌. (b) jaws [pl] the mouth with its bones and teeth 口部, 嘴（包括颌骨及牙齿）: * The crocodile's jaws snapped shut. α鱼的嘴啪的一声合上了. * (fig 比喻) into/out of the jaws of death, ie into/out of great danger 陷入[摆脱]险境. (c) [sing] lower partof the face; lower jaw 脸的下部; 下颌; 下巴: * a handsome man with a strong square jaw 长着一副结实的方下巴的漂亮男子 * The punch broke the boxer's jaw. 这一拳捣坏了那个拳击手的下巴. =>illus at head 见head插图. 2 jaws [pl] narrow mouth of a valley, channel, etc （山谷、 水道等的）狭窄入口: * the jaws of a gorge, canyon, etc 峡谷等的口. 3 jaws [pl] part of a tool, machine, etc that grips or crushes things （工具、 机器等的）钳夹部分, 夹紧装置: * the jaws of a vice 虎钳口. =>illus at vice 见vice插图. 4 [U, C] (infml 口) (a) long dull talk, usu giving moral advice 冗长的话（通常指说教）. (b) gossip; talkativeness 流言蜚语; 饶舌. 5 (idm 习语) one's `jaw drops (infml 口) one shows sudden surprise or disappointment 吃惊; 失望: * My jaw dropped when I saw how much the meal had cost. 我看到那顿饭要花这麽多钱真大吃一惊. 派生： jaw v (infml 口) 1 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (on) (at sb) talk at length about sb's faults, behaviour, etc （对某人的错误、 行为等）喋喋不休地说. 2 [I, Ip] ~ (on) gossip 说闲话. 复合： `jaw-bone n either of the two bones forming the lower jaw in most mammals 下颌骨.

jay
[dVei; dVe] n noisy European bird with brightly coloured feathers 松鸦（产於欧洲, 羽毛鲜艳, 喜鸣叫）.

jazz
[dVAz; dVAz] n 1 [U] music of American Negro origin, characterized by the use of improvisation and strong, often syncopated, rhythms 爵士乐: * traditional jazz 传统爵士乐 * modern jazz 现代爵士乐 * [attrib 作定语] jazz music/musicians 爵士乐曲[乐师] * a `jazz band 爵士乐队. 2 [U] (sl derog 俚, 贬) pretentious talk; nonsense 假大空; 废话: * Don't give me that jazz! 别跟我胡扯! 3 (idm 习语) and all that jazz (sl usu derog 俚, 通常作贬义) and similar things 以及类似的东西: * She lectured us about the honour of the school and all that jazz. 她给我们讲了学校的荣誉还有一大堆这类的事情. 派生： jazz v 1 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) play or arrange (music) in the style of jazz 用爵士乐风格演奏（乐曲）; 将（乐曲）改编为爵士乐: a jazzed-up version of an old tune 被改编为爵士乐的古老曲调. 2 (phr v) jazz sth up make sth more lively 使某事物更有生气: jazz up a party, a magazine, a dress 使聚会、 杂志、 连衣裙显得富有生气. jazzy adj (infml 口) 1 of or like jazz （似）爵士乐的. 2 flashy or showy 绚丽的; 花哨的: jazzy clothes, colours, etc 绚丽的衣物、 颜色等 * a jazzy sports car 花哨的跑车. je ne sais quoi

jealous
[5dVelEs; 5dVelEs] adj 1 feeling or showing fear or resentment of possible rivals in love or affection 忌妒的; 妒忌的: * a jealous husband 好忌妒的丈夫 * jealous looks 忌妒的样子. 2 ~ (of sb/sth) feeling or showingresentment of sb's advantages, achievements, etc; envious妒羡的; 羡慕的: * He was jealous of Tom/of Tom's success.他妒羡汤姆[汤姆的成就]. 3 ~ (of sth) anxiously protective (of one's rights, belongings, etc); possessive（对自己的权利、 所有物等）精心守护的, 占有的: * keeping a jealous eye on one's property 精心保护自己的财产 * She's jealous of her privileges. 她极为珍视自己的特权. 派生： jealously adv. jealousy[5dVelEsi; 5dVelEsi] n (a) [U] being jealous 忌妒; 妒羡: * a lover's jealousy 情人的忌妒. (b) [C] instance of this; act or remark that shows a person to be jealous 忌妒, 妒羡, 羡慕（的言行）: * She grew tired of his petty jealousies. 她越来越讨厌他那种心胸狭窄的忌妒行为. Cf 参看 envy1.

jeans
[dVi:nz; dVinz] n [pl] trousers of strong cotton for informal wear 牛仔裤: * She was wearing a pair of tight blue jeans. 她穿着蓝色紧身牛仔裤.

Jeep
[dVi:p; dVip] n (propr 专利名) small sturdy motor vehicle with four-wheel drive 吉普车.

jeer
[dViE(r); dVir] v [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (at sb/sth) laugh at or mock (sb/sth) 嘲笑, 嘲弄（某人[某事物]）: * a jeering crowd 起哄的人群 * jeer at a defeated opponent 嘲弄被击败的对手 * They jeered (at) the speaker. 他们讥笑发言的人. 派生： jeer n jeering remark; taunt 揶揄的言语; 嘲讽: He ran off, their jeers ringing in his ears. 他一跑了之, 耳边仍回响着他们的冷嘲热讽. jeering n [U]: He had to face the jeering of his classmates. 他只得面对同学们的奚落.

Jehovah
[dVi'hEuvE; dVi'hovE] n (Bible 圣经) name of God used in the Old Testament 耶和华（《圣经．旧约》中对上帝的称呼）. 复合： Jehovah's `Witness member of a religious organization which believes that the end of the world is near and that everyone will be damned except its own members 耶和华见证人（相信世界末日在即的一种教派的教徒, 认为除该教教徒外, 一切人都将受到惩罚）.

jejune
[dVi'dVu:n; dVi'dVun] adj (fml 文) 1 (of writings) dull and uninteresting; unsatisfying to the mind （指文字）枯燥无味的, 言之无文的. 2 childish; unsophisticated 幼稚的; 不懂世故的.

Jekyll and Hyde
[7dVekl En 'haid; 7dVekl En 'haid] single person with two personalities, one good (Jekyll) and one bad (Hyde) 有善恶双重人格的人: * I'd never have expected him to behave like that; he's a real Jekyll and Hyde. 我从来没有想到他会那样, 他真是有善恶双重人格.

jell
[dVel; dVel] v [I] 1 become like jelly; set 成胶状; 凝结: * This strawberry jam is still runny: * I can't get it to jell. 这草莓酱还是太稀, 凝结不起来. 2 (fig 比喻) take shape; become definite 定形; 明确化: * My ideas are beginning to jell. 我的想法逐渐明确了.

jelly
[5dVeli; 5dVeli] n 1 (a) [U, C] clear (fruit-flavoured) food substance made of liquid set with gelatine, usu prepared in a mould, which shakes when moved 果冻: * Can I have some more jelly, please? 请再给我点果冻行吗? * All the strawberry jellies had been eaten. 草莓冻都吃光了. * (fig 比喻) She went into the interview room, her legs shaking like jelly, ie She was so nervous that she was unsteady. 她走进面试室, 两腿抖得像果冻一样颤颤巍巍. * [attrib 作定语] a jelly mould 果冻模子. (b) [U] savoury food like this made from the juices of meat and gelatine 肉冻. 2 [U] type of jam made of strained fruit juice and sugar （滤过的果汁和糖制成的）果酱: * blackcurrant jelly 黑醋栗果酱. 3 [U] jelly-like substance 果冻状物: * petroleum jelly 矿脂. 派生： jellied adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] set in jelly; prepared in jelly; like jelly 胶凝的; 做成冻子的; 胶冻状的: jellied eels 鳗冻. 复合： `jelly baby small fruit-flavoured sweet in the shape of a baby, made from gelatine 胶糖娃娃（娃娃形状的果味凝胶软糖）. `jellyfish n (pl unchanged or ~es 复数或不变或作jellyfishes) sea animal with a jelly-like body and stinging tentacles 水母; 海蜇.

jemmy
[5dVemi; 5dVemi] (US jimmy[5dVimi; 5dVimi] ) n short heavy steel bar used by burglars to force open doors and windows （窃贼撬门窗用的）短铁撬, 铁撬棍.

jeopardize, jeopardise
[5dVepEdaiz; 5dVepld7aiz] v [Tn] cause (sth) to be harmed, lost or destroyed; put in danger 使（某事物）受到伤害、 损失或破坏; 使陷於险境: * The security of the whole operation has been jeopardized by one careless person. 整个作业的安全让一个粗心大意的人给破坏了.

jeopardy
[5dVepEdi; 5dVepldi] n (idm 习语) in jeopardy in danger of harm, loss or destruction 处於受伤害、 受损失或受破坏的危险境地: * A fall in demand for oil tankers has put/placed thousands of jobs in the shipbuilding industry in jeopardy. 油轮需求量下降使造船业成千上万的工作职位受到威胁.

jerboa
[dVE:'bEuE; dVl'boE] n small rat-like animal of Asia and the N African deserts with long hind legs and the ability to jump well 跳鼠（产於亚洲和非洲北部的沙漠, 後腿长, 善跳）.

jeremiad
[7dVeri5maiAd; 7dVerE'maiAd] n (fml 文) long, sad and complaining story of troubles, misfortunes, etc 悲伤的长篇故事; 血泪史.

jerk
[dVE:k; dVEk] n 1 sudden pull, push, start, stop, twist, lift or throw 突然的拉、 推、 开始、 停止、 拧、 抬或扔: * He gave his tooth a sharp jerk and it came out. 他猛一使劲把牙拔了下来. * The bus stopped with a jerk. 公共汽车骤然停住了. 2 sudden involuntary twitch of a muscle or muscles （肌肉的） 反射: * a jerk of an eyelid 眼皮的一跳. 3 (infml derog 口, 贬) foolish person 蠢人. 派生： jerk v 1 [Tn.pr, Tn.p] pull (sth/sb) suddenly and quickly in the specified direction 猛拉（某物[某人]）: He jerked the fishing-rod out of the water. 他猛然从水中挑起鱼竿. * She jerked her hand away when he tried to touch it. 他刚要摸她的手, 她一下子就把手缩了回去. 2 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (cause sth/sb to) move with a short sudden action or a series of short uneven actions（使某物[某人]）猛然一动或颤动: His head keeps jerking.他直晃脑袋. * The train jerked to a halt. 火车猛然停住了. * She jerked upright in surprise. 她惊讶得跳了起来. * Try not to jerk the camera when taking a photograph. 拍照时照相机不要晃. * He jerked his head towards the door. 他猛然把头扭向大门. 3 (phr v) jerk (oneself) off ( sl 讳, 俚) (of a man) masturbate （指男子）手淫. jerk sth out utter sth in an abrupt nervous manner 紧张而断断续续地说出某事: jerk out a request, an apology, etc 结结巴巴地提出请求、 道歉等. jerky adj (-ier, -iest) making abrupt starts and stops; not moving or talking smoothly 忽动忽停的; 颠簸不稳的; 结结巴巴的: The toy robot moved forward with quick jerky steps. 玩具机器人一颠一颠地走得很快. * his jerky way of speaking 他讲话时结结巴巴的样子. jerkily[-ili; -Eli] adv. jerkiness n [U].

jerkin
[5dVE:kin; 5dVEkin] n short close-fitting jacket without sleeves, worn by men or women （男用或女用的）坎肩.

jerry
build

jerrycan
[5dVerikAn; 5dVeri7kAn] n type of large flat-sided metal container used for storing or carrying liquids, usu petrol or water 扁平金属罐（贮存或运送汽油、 水等液体用的）.

Jersey
[5dVE:zi; 5dVEzi] n type of light-brown cow that produces creamy milk 泽西乳牛（浅棕色, 乳中含脂率高）.

jest
[dVest; dVest] n 1 thing said or done to cause amusement; joke 玩笑; 笑话. 2 (idm 习语) in jest in fun; not seriously 开玩笑地; 不严肃地: * His reply was taken half seriously, half in jest. 他的答覆看来是半开玩笑半认真的. * (saying 谚) Many a true word is spoken in jest. 玩笑话里有许多是真话. 派生： jest v [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb) (about sth) make jokes (to sb) (about sth); speak or act without seriousness （跟某人）（以某事）开玩笑; 以不严肃的态度说话或做事: Stop jesting and be serious for a moment! 别开玩笑了, 严肃一会儿吧! * Don't jest about such important matters! 这麽重要的事情可不要当儿戏! jester n (formerly) man whose job was to make jokes to amuse a court or noble household （旧时）（宫廷或贵族豢养的）弄臣, 小 丑: the court/king's/queen's jester 宫廷的[国王的/王后的]弄臣.

Jesuit
[5dVezjuit; - 'dVeVEwEt; 5dVeVEwEt] n 1 member of the Society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic religiousorder 耶稣会会士（天主教修会的）. 2 (derog 贬) person who deceives others, or fails to tell the (whole) truth, to achieve his ends 弄虚作假的人. 派生： Jesuitical[7dVezju'itikl; - 7dVeVu-; 7dVeVu'itikl] adj (derog 贬) involving deception or dishonesty 狡诈的; 虚伪的: * a Jesuitical scheme, reply 诡诈的阴谋、 回答.

Jesus
[5dVi:zEs; 5dVizEs] n = christ.

jet
1[dVet; dVet] n 1 (also jet aircraft) aircraft powered by a jet engine 喷气式飞机: * The accident happened as the jet was about to take off. 喷气式飞机正要起飞时出了事故. * travel by jet 乘喷气式飞机 * [attrib 作定语] a jet fighter, airliner, etc 喷气式战斗机、 班机等 * the age of jet travel 乘喷气机的时代. 2 (a) strong narrow stream of gas, liquid, steam or flame, forced out of a small opening 喷射: * The pipe burst and jets of water shot across the kitchen. 管子破了, 水从厨房的这边喷到那边. (b) narrow opening from which this comes 喷嘴; 喷射口: * clean the gas jets on the cooker 把煤气炉的喷嘴弄乾净. 派生： jet v (-tt-) 1 [I, Ipr, Ip] (infml 口) travel by jet airliner 乘喷气式飞机: politicians who constantly jet around the world 乘喷气式飞机往来於世界各地的政治家. 2 (phr v) jet (sth) from/out of sth; jet (sth) out (cause sth to) come out in a jet or jets （使某物）喷出: Flames jetted out (of the nozzles). 火焰（从喷嘴中）喷出来了. 复合： `jet engine engine that gives forward movement by sending out a high-speed jet of hot gases, etc at the back 喷气发动机. =>illus at aircraft 见aircraft插图. `jet lag delayed physical effects of tiredness, etc felt after a long flight by plane, esp when there is a great difference in the local times at which the journey begins and ends 喷气飞行时差反应（长途飞行後延缓的身体疲劳反应, 尤因两地时差悬殊所致）. `jet-lagged adj affected by jet lag 有喷气飞行时差反应的. ,jet-pro`pelled adj powered by jet engines 喷气推进的. ,jet pro`pulsion [U]. the `jet set rich fashionable social group who travel about the world for business or pleasure 喷气机阶层（乘喷气机往来於世界各地公干或旅游的有钱人）: I see she's joining the jet set! 我看她是进入了喷气机阶层. `jet-setter n member of the jet set 喷气机阶层的成员.

jetsam
[5dVetsEm; 5dVetsEm] n [U] 1 goods thrown overboard from a ship in distress to lighten it; such goods washed up ashore 遇难船只为减轻重量而抛弃的货物; 冲到岸上的这类物品. Cf 参看 flotsam. 2 (idm 习语) flotsam and jetsam => flotsam.

jettison
[5dVetisn; 5dVetEsn] v [Tn] 1 throw or eject (unwanted goods or material) from a ship in distress, or from an aeroplane, a spacecraft, etc 从遇难船中或从飞机、 宇宙飞船等上投弃（物品）: * The first-stage vehicle is used to launch the rocket and is then jettisoned in the upper atmosphere. 第一级运载火箭是用来发射火箭的, 进入高层大气後即抛掉. 2 abandon or reject (sth that is not wanted) 放弃或拒绝（不想要的事物）: * to jettison a plan, an idea, a theory, etc 放弃一计划、 想法、 理论等.

jetty
[5dVeti; 5dVeti] n stone wall or wooden platform built out into a sea, river, etc as a breakwater or landing-place for boats 防波堤; 突堤; 码头. Cf 参看 pier.

Jew
[dVu:; dVu] n person of the Hebrew people or religion 犹太人; 犹太教徒. 派生： Jewess[5dVu:is; 5dVuis] n (sometimes offensive 有时作轻蔑语) Jewish woman 犹太女子. Jewish[5dVu:iF; 5dVuiF] adj of the Jews 犹太人的: * the local Jewish community 当地的犹太人社区. Jewry[5dVuEri; 5dVuri] n 1 [Gp] Jewish people collectively犹太人（总称）: * world Jewry 世界上的犹太人. 2 [U] Jewish religion or culture 犹太人的宗教或文化. =>Usage at Christian 用法见Christian. 复合： ,Jew's `harp small musical instrument held between the teeth with a projecting metal strip that is struck with a finger 单簧口琴（含在齿间, 用手指拨奏外伸的金属片）.

jewel
[5dVu:El; 5dVuEl] n 1 (a) precious stone (eg adiamond or a ruby) 宝石（如钻石或红宝石）. (b) ornament with such a stone or stones set in it 镶有宝石的装饰品; 珠宝: * [attrib 作定语] a jewel thief 盗珠宝的窃贼. 2 small precious stone, or piece of special glass, used in the machinery of a watch or compass （手表或罗盘内的）宝石轴承: * a watch with 17 jewels 17钻的手表. 3 person or thing that is greatly valued 受珍视的人或物: * He's always saying his wife is a real jewel. 他总说他的妻子是至宝. * a painting by Goya, the brightest jewel in his collection of art treasures 戈雅的画, 他所收藏的艺术珍品中最光彩夺目的一颗明珠. 派生： jewelled (US jeweled) adj decorated with or having jewels 饰以宝石; 镶宝石的: a jewelled ring, dagger, snuff-box, etc 镶宝石的戒指、 匕首、 鼻烟壶等. jeweller (US jeweler) n person who sells, makes or repairs jewellery or watches 出售、 制造或修理珠宝饰物或钟表的人. jewellery (also jewelry)[5dVu:Elri; 5dVuElri] n [U] ornaments, eg rings and necklaces, esp made of a valuable metal and sometimes set with jewels 珠宝; 首饰. 复合： `jewel box, `jewel case box for keeping jewels in 珠宝盒; 首饰盒.

Jezebel
[5dVezEbl, -bel; 5dVezEbl, -bel] n (derog 贬) shameless scheming woman 无耻而诡计多端的女子.

jib
1[dVib; dVib] n 1 small triangular sail in front of the mainsail 主帆前的小叁角帆; 艏帆. =>illus at yacht 见yacht插图. 2 projecting arm of a crane 起重机的臂. 3 (idm 习语) the cut of his jib => cut2. 复合： `jib-boom n pole to which the lower part of a jib(1) is fastened 艏斜帆桁.

jibe
1 = gibe. 2 (US) = gybe.

jiffy
[5dVifi; 5dVifi] n [C] (infml 口) moment 一会儿: * I'll be with you in a couple of jiffies, ie very soon. 我一会儿就来.

jig
[dVig; dVig] n 1 (music for a) quick lively dance 吉格舞; 吉格舞曲. 2 device that holds a piece of work in position and guides the tools that are working on it 夹具. 派生： jig v (-gg-) 1 [I] dance a jig 跳吉格舞. 2 [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] (cause sb/sth to) move up and down in a quick jerky way （使某人[某物]）急速颠簸: jigging up and down in excitement 兴奋得又蹦又跳 * to jig a baby (up and down) on one's knee 把婴儿放在膝上（上下）颠动.

jigger
[5dVigE(r); 5dVigl] n small measure for alcoholic drinks; small glass holding this amount （量酒的）小量器; （盛此量的）小玻璃杯.

jiggered
[5dVigEd; 5dVigld] adj [pred 作表语] (infml 口) 1 (dated 旧) (used as a mild expression of surprise, anger, etc 用以表示轻度的惊奇、 愤怒等): * Well I'm jiggered! 哪有这种事! 2 exhausted 精疲力竭: * I was completely jiggered. 我完全累垮了.

jiggery
pokery

jiggle
[5dVigl; 5dVigl] v [I, Tn] (infml 口) (cause sth to) move lightly and quickly from side to side or up and down （使某物）很快地左右或上下移动: * jiggling in time to the music 随着音乐摇摆 * jiggle a key in a lock 轻轻转动锁里的钥匙.

jigsaw
[5dVigsC:; 5dVig7sC] n 1 (also `jigsaw puzzle) picture, map, etc pasted on cardboard or wood and cut into irregular shapes that have to be fitted together again 拼图玩具: * do a jigsaw 做拼图游戏 * Have you finished the jigsaw yet? 你拼好那个拼图了吗? * (fig 比喻) a complex jigsaw of interlocking social and economic factors 相关联的社会和经济因素的相互交错. =>illus 见插图. 2 mechanically operated fretsaw 锯曲线机; 线锯; 镂花锯.

jihad
[dVi'ha:d; dVi'had] n holy war fought by Muslims against those who reject Islam 圣战（穆斯林对异教徒之战）.

jilt
[dVilt; dVilt] v [Tn] leave (a man or woman) with whom one has had a close emotional relationship, esp suddenly and unkindly 抛弃或遗弃（情人）: * a jilted lover 被抛弃的恋人.

jim
jams

Jim Crow
[7dVim 'krEu; 5dVim'kro] (US derog offensive 贬, 蔑) Black; negro 黑人: * [attrib 作定语] Jim Crow laws, ie ones unfair to Black Americans 黑人法（对美国黑人不公正的法律） * Jim Crow schools, buses, etc, ie for American Blacks only, and usu of poor quality 黑人学校、 公共汽车等（仅为美国黑人提供的, 通常质量低劣）.

jimmy
(US) = jemmy.

jingle
[5dViNgl; 5dViNgl] n 1 [sing] metallic ringing or clinking sound, as of coins, keys or small bells （金属发出的）叮当声（如硬币、 钥匙或小铃的声音）: * the jingle of coins in his pocket 他衣袋里硬币的叮当声. 2 [C] short simple rhyme or song that is designed to attract attention and be easily remembered, esp one used in advertising on radio or television （吸引人又易记的）简短的韵文或歌曲（尤指广播或电视广告中的）: * an advertising jingle 广告顺口溜. 派生： jingle v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) make a gentle ringing or clinking sound （使某物）发出叮当声: The coins jingled in his pocket. 他衣袋里的硬币叮当作响. * the sound of jingling bracelets and bangles 手镯、 脚镯的叮当声 * Stop jingling your keys like that! 别把钥匙弄得叮当乱响!

jingoism
[5dViNgEuizEm; 5dViNgo7izEm] n [U] (derog 贬) extreme and unreasonable belief that one's own country is best, together with a warlike attitude towards other countries 极端爱国主义（主张对外实行战争政策）. 派生： jingoist[5dViNgEuist; 5dViNgoist] n person who has such a belief 极端爱国主义者. jingoistic[7dViNgEu'istik; 7dViNgo'istik] adj: * ,jingoistic re`marks 极端爱国主义的言论.

jink
[dViNk; dViNk] v [I, Ipr, Ip] (infml 口) move quickly or suddenly with sharp turns, usu to avoid being caught; dodge 急转; （通常指）躲闪, 避开. 派生： jink n 1 quick turning movement 急转弯: a sharp jink to the right 向右的急转弯. 2 (idm 习语) high jinks => high.

jinnee
[dVi'ni:; dVi'ni] (also djinn, jinn/dVin; dVin] ) n(pl jinn) 1 (in Muslim mythology) spirit with supernatural power which is able to appear in human and animal forms 镇尼（穆斯林神话中的精灵, 能变成人形和动物）. 2 = genie.

jinx
[dViNks; dViNks] n (usu sing 通常作单数) ~ (on sb/sth) (infml 口) (person or thing that is thought to bring) bad luck (to sb/sth); curse 厄运; 不祥的人或事物; 祸根: * There's a jinx on/Someone's put a jinx on this car: * it's always giving me trouble. 这辆汽车上有什麽妨人的东西, 总给我找麻烦. 派生： jinx v [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] (infml 口) bring bad luck to (sb/sth) 给（某人[某事]）带来厄运: I've been jinxed! 我一直走背运! * I think this computer must be jinxed it's always breaking down. 这计算机一定闹鬼了--总出毛病.

jitter
[5dVitE(r); 5dVitl] v [I] (infml 口) feel nervous; behave nervously 感到神经紧张; 举止不自然: * jittering with fright 吓得神经紧张. 派生： the jitters n [pl] (infml 口) feelings of extreme nervousness; the jim-jams 神经极度紧张: give sb/have/get the jitters 使某人极为紧张 * I always get the jitters before I go on stage. 我登台之前总是感到紧张. jittery[5dVitEri; 5dVitEri] adj (infml 口) nervous; frightened 神经紧张的; 害怕的. 复合： `jitterbug n performer of a lively popular dance of the 1940s to swing music 跳吉特巴舞的人. v [I] perform such a dance 跳吉特巴舞.

jive
[dVaiv; dVaiv] n (usu 通常作 the jive) [sing] fast lively form of music with a strong beat; dance done to this 摇摆乐（节拍强烈、 快而活泼的音乐）; 摇摆舞. 派生： jive v [I] dance to jive music 跳摇摆舞.

Jnr
(also Jr, Jun) abbr 缩写 = (esp US) Junior: John F Davis Jnr, ie to distinguish him from his father with the same name 小约翰．F．戴维斯（因父子同名, 用以区别其父）. Cf 参看 Sen 3.

Job
[dVEub; dVob] n (idm 习语) the patience of job => patience. 复合： ,Job's `comforter person who increases the unhappiness or distress of the person he is attempting to comfort 给被安慰的人增加痛苦或烦恼的人.

jobber
[5dVCbE(r); 5dVabl] n (Brit) (formerly) trader on the Stock Exchange who buys and sells shares without dealing directly with the public （旧时）股票经纪人.

jobbery
[5dVCbEri; 5dVabEri] n [U] (derog 贬) use of unfair or corrupt methods in order to gain a financial or political advantage 营私舞弊; 假公济私; 贪污渎职.

jobbing
[5dVCbiN; 5dVabiN] adj [attrib 作定语] doingsingle, specific (and esp small) pieces of work for payment做零工的; 做散工的: * a jobbing printer, gardener, etc 承印零星印刷品的商人、 打零工的花匠.

jock
strap

jockey
1[5dVCki; 5dVaki] n (pl ~s) person who rides a horse, usu a professional competing in races 骑师; （通常指）职业赛马骑师.

jocose
[dVEu'kEus; dVo'kos] adj (dated fml 旧, 文) humorous; playful 诙谐的; 开玩笑的. > jocosely adv. jocosity/dVEu'kCsEti; dVo'kasEti] n [U].

jocular
[5dVCkjulE(r); 5dVakjEll] adj 1 meant as a joke; humorous 滑稽的; 诙谐的: * jocular remarks 诙谐的言语. 2 fond of joking; playful 爱开玩笑的; 嬉戏的: * a jocular fellow 爱开玩笑的家伙. > jocularity[7dVCkju'lrEti;7dVakjE'lArEti] n [U]. jocularly adv: * Philip, jocularly known as Flip 菲利普, 被戏称为‘费力跑’.

jocund
[5dVCkEnd; 5dVakEnd] adj (dated 旧) merry; cheerful 欢乐的; 愉快的. > jocundity/dVEu'kQndEti; dVo'kQndEti] n [U].

jodhpurs
[5dVCdpEz; 5dVadplz] n [pl] trousers worn for horse-riding, loose above the knee and close fitting from the knee to the ankle 马裤: * a pair of jodhpurs 一条马裤.

jog
[dVCg; dVag] v (-gg-) 1 [Tn] push or knock (sb/sth) slightly 轻推或轻碰（某人[某物]）: * Don't jog me, or you'll make me spill something! 别碰我, 不然我就把东西弄 了. 2 [I] (usu 通常作 go jogging) run slowly and steadily for a time, for physical exercise 慢跑（作为运动）: * He goes jogging every evening. 他每天晚上都作慢跑. =>Usage at run1 用法见run1. 3 [Ipr, Ip] move unsteadily, esp up and down, in a shaky manner 不平稳地移动; （尤指）颠簸: * The wagon jogged along (a rough track). 马车（沿凹凸不平的小路）颠簸前行. 4 [I] (of a horse) move at a jogtrot （指马）颠跑. 5 (idm 习语) jog sb's memory help sb to recall sth 唤起某人记起某事: * This photograph may jog your memory. 这照片能引起你的回忆. 6 (phr v) jog along/on continue in a steady manner, with little or no excitement or progress 持续而缓慢地进行; 无起色或无大进展: * For years the business just kept jogging along. 多年来生意仅仅是平平而已. 派生： jog n [sing] 1 slight push, knock or shake; nudge 轻推; 轻碰; 轻摇; 以肘轻触: He gave the pile of tins a jog and they all fell down. 他轻轻一碰, 那些罐子就都倒了. * (fig 比喻) give sb's memory a jog 给某人提个醒. 2 spell of jogging as exercise （为锻炼的）短时慢跑: Are you coming for a jog tomorrow morning? 明天早晨你来慢跑吗? jogger[5dVCgE(r); 5dVagl] n person who jogs for exercise （为锻炼）慢跑的人. jogging[5dVCgiN; 5dVagiN] n [U]. 复合： `jogtrot n slow regular trot 慢而有规律的行走; 缓行.

joggle
[5dVCgl; 5dVagl] v [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] (cause sb/sth to) move or shake slightly, usu up and down （使某人[某物]）轻轻颠动, 摇动.

john
[dVCn; dVan] n (US sl 俚) toilet 厕所: * go to the john 去厕所.

johnny
[5dVCni; 5dVani] n (Brit) 1 (dated infml 旧, 口) man; fellow 男子; 家伙. 2 (sl 俚) condom 男用避孕套; 阴茎套: * a rubber johnny 橡胶避孕套.

joie de vivre
[7Vwa: dE 'vi:vrE; 7VwadE'vivr] (French 法) cheerful enjoyment of life 生活的乐趣: * full of joie de vivre 充满生活乐趣.

join
[dVCin; dVCin] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth onto sth/on; ~ A to B; ~ A and B (together/up) fasten one thing to another; connect or combine two things 连结;结合; 联合: * Two extra carriages were joined onto the train/joined on at York. 列车在约克又挂上了两节车厢. * join one section of pipe to the next 把一段管道与相邻的管道连接起来 * join two sections of pipe together 把两条管子接在一起 * The island is joined to the mainland by a bridge. 岛上有座桥与大陆相连. * (fig 比喻) join two people (together) in marriage, ie make them man and wife 使二人结为夫妻. 2 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn] ~ up with sb/sth; ~ up meet and unite with (sb/sth) to form one group or thing 与（某人[某物]）会合或相聚: * the place where the rivers join 河流的汇合处 * The firm joined up with a small delivery company to reduce costs. 该商行与一家小运输公司合并以降低成本. * The M62 joins up with the M1/The M62 and the M1 join up south of Leeds. 62号高速公路与1号高速公路在利兹以南会合. * The two groups of walkers joined up for the rest of the holiday. 两组步行度假者会合一起度过剩下的假期. * The road joins the motorway at Newtown. 该路在纽敦与高速公路连接. 3 [Tn] come into the company of (sb); meet 与（某人）在一起、 会面或相见: * I'll join you in a minute. 我马上就来找你. * Ask him to join us for lunch. 请他和我们一起吃午饭. * Mary has just joined her family in Australia. 玛丽不久前刚和她的家人在澳大利亚团聚. * They joined (ie got on) the train at Watford. 他们在沃特福德上的火车. 4 [I, Tn] become a member of (sth); become an employee in (sth) 参加（某组织）; 加入（某处任职）: * Membership is free, so join today! 免交会费, 今天 就参加吧! * join a union, choir, club, etc 参加工会、 唱诗班、 俱乐部等 * join the army, navy, police, etc 加入陆军、 海军、 警务部门等. 5 (a) [Tn] take part in (sth); take one's place in (sth) 参与（某事）; 在（某事）中占一位置:

join1
* join a demonstration, procession, queue, etc 参加游行、 加入一长列、 排队. (b) [Ipr, Tn.pr] join (with) sb in doing sth/to do sth; ~ together in doing sth/to do sth take part with sb in an activity 与某人一起参加活动: * Mother joins (with) me in sending you our best wishes. 我母亲和我一起向你表示美好的祝愿. * The class all joined together to sing `Happy Birthday' to the teacher. 全班一起为老师唱‘生日快乐’歌. 6 (idm 习语) if you can't beat them join them => beat1. join battle (with sb) (fml 文) begin fighting sb 与某人交战. join the `club (said when sth bad that has already happened to oneself now happens to sb else 自己遇到过的倒霉事别人也遇到时, 可用此语表达): * You've got a parking-ticket? Well join the club! 你收到违章停车罚款通知单了? 这真是无独有偶! join `forces (with sb) come together in order to achieve a common aim 联合以达到共同的目的: * The two firms joined forces to win a major contract. 两家公司联合起来以争得一桩大生意. join `hands hold each other's hands 联手; 携手. 7 (phr v) join in (sth/doing sth) take part in (an activity) 参加（活动）: * Can I join in (the game)? 我参加（这个游戏）行吗? * They all joined in singing the Christmas carols. 他们一起唱圣诞颂歌. join up become a member of the armed forces 参军; 从军: * We both joined up in 1939. 我们俩都是1939年入伍的. 派生： join n place or line where two things are joined 连接处; 接缝: The two pieces were stuck together so well that you could hardly see the join. 这两块粘合得真好, 几乎看不出接缝.

joiner
[5dVCinE(r); 5dVCinl] n (Brit) skilled workman who makes the wooden fittings of a building, eg window frames and doors 细木工. Cf 参看 carpenter. 派生： joinery[5dVCinEri; 5dVCinEri] n [U] work of a joiner 细木工的工作或制品.

joint
1[dVCint; dVCint] n 1 structure in the body of an animal by which bones are fitted together 关节: * ankle, knee, elbow, etc joints 踝、 膝、 肘等关节 * suffer from stiff joints 患关节强直症. 2 place, line or surface at which two or more things are joined 连接处; 接缝; 接合面: * Check that the joints of the pipes are sealed properly. 检查一下管道的接口是否封严了. 3 any of the parts into which a butcher cuts an animal's carcass; this cooked and served as meat （生的或熟的）大块肉: * a joint of beef 一大块牛肉 * carve the Sunday joint 切开星期日吃的大块肉. 4 (sl derog 俚, 贬) low or shabby bar, club, etc; house or shop 下等的或破旧的酒吧、 俱乐部等; 房子; 店 . 5 (sl 俚) cigarette containing marijuana 含大麻的香烟. 6 (idm 习语) case the joint => case2. out of joint (a) (of bones) pushed out of position; dislocated （指骨）脱臼: * She fell and put her knee out of joint. 她摔得膝关节脱臼了. (b) (fig 比喻) in disorder; disorganized 混乱; 紊乱: * The delays put the whole schedule out of joint. 一再的拖延打乱了全部安排. put sb's nose out of joint => nose1. 派生： joint v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] 1 provide (sth) with a joint or joints 给（某物）装以活节或关节: a jointed doll, fishing-rod 有活动关节的玩具娃娃、 活动钓竿. 2 divide (a carcass) into joints or at the joints 将（屠宰後的动物）分割成大块或在关节处切开: a jointed chicken 切成大块的鸡.

joist
[dVCist; dVCist] n one of the long thick pieces of wood or metal that are used to support a floor or ceiling in a building 搁栅; 托梁.

joke
[dVEuk; dVok] n 1 thing said (eg a story with a funny ending) or done to cause amusement, laughter, etc 笑话; 玩笑: * tell (sb) a joke 给（某人）讲笑话 * cracking jokes with one's friends 跟朋友说笑话. 2 [sing] ridiculous person, thing or situation 可笑的人、 事物、 情形: * His attempts at cooking are a complete joke. 他总也做不好饭, 这事成了个笑话. 3 (idm 习语) be no `joke; be/get beyond a `joke be/become a serious matter 不是闹着玩儿的事; 是[变成]正经的事: * Trying to find a job these days is no joke, I can tell you. 我实话告诉你, 现在想找工作可不易. * All your teasing of poor Michael is getting beyond a joke. 你拿可怜的迈克尔打趣可要出圈儿了. have a joke with sb share the pleasure of laughing at sth with sb 与某人一起以某事取笑: * He's someone I have an occasional chat and joke with. 我偶然跟他闲聊, 一起说笑话. the joke's on sb (infml 口) sb who tried to make another person look foolish now looks ridiculous instead 原想耍弄别人, 自己反倒成为笑料. make a joke about/of sb/sth speak lightly or amusingly about sb/sth 拿某人[某事]开玩笑. play a joke/prank/trick on sb trick sb, in order to make him appear ridiculous 戏弄某人. see the `joke understand why sth said or done is amusing 理解其中的可笑之处: * I'm sorry but I can't see the joke. 很抱歉, 我看不出来有什麽可笑的. take a `joke accept playful remarks or tricks with good humour 经得起玩笑话: * Can't you take a joke? 跟你开个玩笑你都受不了吗? 派生： joke v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb) (about sth) tell jokes (to sb) (about sth); talk in a light-hearted, frivolous way （以某事）（与某人）开玩笑; 说笑话儿: I was only joking. 我不过是说着玩儿的. * For Pat to lose his job is nothing to joke about, ie is a serious matter. 对帕特来说失业可不是闹着玩儿的. 2 (idm 习语) joking a`part speaking seriously 严肃地说; 认真地说: Joking apart, you ought to smoke fewer cigarettes, you know. 说正经的, 你应该少吸点儿烟了, 知道吗? you must be/have got to be `joking (used to express mocking disbelief 用以嘲笑不可信的事): `Jackie's passed her driving test.’ `You must be joking she can't even steer straight!’ ‘杰基的驾驶测验及格了.’‘你一定是开玩笑--她连方向盘还握不正呢!’

joke1
jokey adj joking; amusing or ridiculous 开玩笑的; 逗笑的; 可笑的. jokingly adv in a joking manner 开玩笑地; 戏谑地.

joker
[5dVEukE(r); 5dVokl] n 1 (infml 口) person who is fond of making jokes; foolish irresponsible person 爱开玩笑的人; 愚蠢而不负责任的人: * Some joker's been playing around with my car aerial! 哪个爱胡闹的人摆弄我汽车上的天线了! 2 (infml 口) person who is not treated seriously 不受重视的人: * I don't want that jokerin my sales team. 我们销售部门不想要那个家伙. 3 extra playing-card used in certain card-games （某些纸牌戏中的）百搭.

jolly
boat

jolt
[dVEult; dVolt] v 1 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (cause sb/sth to) move with sudden jerky movements （使某人[某物]）颠簸着移动: * The old bus jolted along (a rough track). 旧公共汽车（沿凹凸不平的小路）颠簸而行. 2(phr v) jolt sb into/out of sth make sb act by giving him a sudden shock 使某人受到震惊而采取行动: * He was jolted out of his lethargy and into action when he realized he had only a short time to finish the article. 他意识到须在很短时间就得把文章写完, 立即动手写起来. 派生： jolt n (esp sing 尤作单数) 1 sudden bump or shake; jerk 震动; 摇晃; 颠簸: stop with a jolt 停止时震动了一下. 2 (fig 比喻) surprise; shock 惊奇; 震惊: The news of the accident gave her an unpleasant jolt/quite a jolt. 她听到出事的消息吃了一惊[大吃一惊]. jolty adj jolting 震动的; 摇晃的; 颠簸的.

Joneses
[5dVEunziz; 5dVonziz] n [pl] (idm 习语) keep up with the Joneses =>keep1 15.

jonquil
[5dVCNkwil; 5dVaNkwil] n type of narcissus with white or yellow sweet-smelling flowers 长寿花; 黄水仙.

josh
[dVCF; dVaF] v (US infml 口) 1 [I] joke 开玩笑; 说笑话儿. 2 [Tn] tease (sb) 戏弄; 逗弄（某人）.

joss
stick

jostle
[5dVCsl; 5dVasl] v [I, Ipr, Tn] 1 ~ (against sb) push roughly against (sb), usu in a crowd 推、 挤（某人）（通常於人群中）: * The youths jostled (against) an old lady on the pavement. 那些青年人在人行道上推推搡搡挤着了一个老太太. 2 ~ (with sb) (for sth) compete with (other people) in a forceful manner in order to gain sth 与（他人）争夺某物; 争抢: * advertisers jostling (with each other) for the public's attention 竞相吸引公众注意力的广告客户.

jot
1[dVCt; dVat] v (-tt-) (phr v) jot sth down make a quick, usu short, written note of sth 匆匆记下（通常为简短的）笔记: * I'll just jot down their phone number before I forget it. 我得把他们的电话号码赶快记下来, 以免待一会儿忘记. 派生： jotter n notebook or pad for short written notes 记事本; 笔记本. jottings n [pl] short written notes 简短的笔记; 便条.

joule
[dVu:l; dVul] n (abbr 缩写 J) (physics 物) unit of energy or work 焦耳（能量或功的单位）.

journal
[5dVE:nl; 5dVEnl] n 1 newspaper or periodical, esp one that is serious and deals with a specialized subject 报纸; 定期刊物（尤指涉及某一学科的）: * a medical, a scientific, an educational, etc journal 医学、 科学、 教育等杂志 * a trade journal 贸易杂志 * The Wall Street Journal 《华尔街日报》 * The Architects' Journal 《建 师杂志》 * subscribe to a journal 订阅报纸. 2 daily record of news, events, business transactions, etc 日记; 日志; 流水帐: * He kept a journal of his wanderings across Asia. 他记自己漫游亚洲的日记. 派生： journalese[7dVE:nE'li:z; 7dVEnl'iz] n [U] (derog贬) style of language thought to be typical of newspapers, containing many cliches 新闻文体（多陈辞套语的）. Cf 参看 officialese (official). journalism[5dVE:nElizEm; 5dVEnl7izEm] n [U] work of collecting, writing, editing and publishing material in newspapers and magazines or on television and radio 新闻业; 新闻工作: * a career in journalism 新闻工作的职业. journalist[-nElist; -nlist] n person whose profession is journalism 新闻工作者; 新闻记者; 报人; （报纸杂志的）撰稿人: * He's a journalist on the `Daily Telegraph'. 他是《每日电讯报》的记者. Cf 参看 reporter (report1). journalistic[7dVE:nE'listik; 7dVEnl'istik] adj [attrib 作定语] of journalism; characteristic of journalism 新闻事业的; 新闻工作特有的.

journey
[5dVE:ni; 5dVEni] n (pl ~s) (a) (distance covered in) travelling, usu by land, from one place to another, often far away 行走, 行驶, 旅行（通常指经陆路）; 旅程; 路程: * Did you have a good journey? 你一路上顺利吗? * go on a long train journey 乘火车出远门 * break one's journey, ie interrupt it by stopping briefly at a place 途中在某地作短暂停留 * the journey from Edinburgh to London 由爱丁堡到伦敦的路程 * (fig 比喻) our great journey through life 我们一生的漫长道路. (b) time taken in going from one place to another 从一地到另一地所用的时间: * It's a day's journey by car. 乘汽车得用一天的时间. 派生： journey v [Ipr, Ip] go on a journey; travel 行走; 行驶; 旅行; 游历: journeying overland across North America 横越北美大陆. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Journey may indicate a long distance or a short one travelled regularly *journey可指经常走过的或长或短的距离: `How long is your journey to work?’ ‘你上班要走多长的路?’ `Only about 15 minutes.’ ‘也就走15分钟左右.’ A voyage is a long journey by sea or in space. *voyage是经海路或空间的长途行程. The word travels [pl] suggests a fairly long period of travelling from place to place, especially abroad, for pleasure or interest. *travels（复数）一词指时间稍长的各处旅行, 尤指出国旅游. It is often used with a possessive adjective 这一词常与所有格的形容词连用: She's gone off on her travels again. 她又去旅游了. Travel is an uncountable noun indicating the action of travelling *travel是指行走、 行驶或旅行的不可数名词: Travel broadens the mind. 旅行能使人见多识广. A tour is a (short or long) journey for pleasure, spent visiting several places *tour是为游玩而到几个地方观光的（长途或短途）旅行: They're going on a world tour. 他们正在环球旅行. A trip and (more formal) an excursion are short journeys and visits from and returning to a particular place. *trip和（较文雅的）excursion是指短期的旅程和观光, 从某地出发再回到该地. Excursion suggests a group of people travelling together *excursion指一起出行的一群人: During our holiday in Venice we went on a few trips/excursions to places near by. 我们在威尼斯度假时曾到附近的几个地方观光过.

journeyman
[5dVE:nimEn; 5dVEnimEn] n (pl -men[-mEn; -mEn/) 1 trained worker who works for an employer 熟练工人: * [attrib 作定语] a journeyman printer 熟练的印刷工人. 2 reliable and competent but not outstanding worker 可靠能干但不出色的工人: * [attrib 作定语] a journeyman artist 匠气的艺术家.

joust
[dVaust; dVaust] v [I] (of knights in medieval times) fight on horseback with lances （指中世纪的骑士）骑着马用长矛打斗.

Jove
[dVEuv; dVov] n (idm 习语) by Jove (dated infml 旧, 口) (used to express surprise or to emphasize a statement 用以表示惊奇或加强语气): * By Jove, I think you're right! 啊, 我想是你对了!

jovial
[5dVEuviEl; 5dVoviEl] adj very cheerful and good-humoured; merry 愉快的; 快乐的: * a friendly jovial fellow 和蔼而快乐的人 * in a jovial mood 以愉快的心情. > joviality[7dVEuvi'AlEti; 7dVovi'AlEti] n [U]. jovially[-iEli; -iEli] adv.

jowl
[dVaul; dVaul] n 1 (usu pl 通常作复数) jaw; lower part of the face 颌; 下颌; 脸的下部: * a man with heavy jowls/a heavy-jowled man, ie one with heavy jaws, with a fold or folds of flesh hanging from the chin 有双下巴的人. 2 (idm 习语) cheek by jowl => cheek.

joy
[dVCi; dVCi] n 1 [U] feeling of great happiness 快乐; 愉快; 喜悦: * the sheer joy of seeing you again after all these years 别後多年重见到你之不胜欣喜 * overcome with (a deep sense of) joy 喜不自胜 * to dance, jump, shout, etc for joy, ie because of feeling great joy 高兴得跳起舞来、 蹦蹦跳跳、 喊叫起来等. 2 [C] person or thing that makes one feel very happy 令人极快乐的人或事物: * He is a great joy to listen to. 他这个人, 听他讲话就是极大的乐趣. * one of the simple joys of life 人生中的一件平凡乐事. 3 (idm 习语) full of the joys of spring => full. (get/have) no joy (from sb) (obtain) no success or satisfaction 未（获得）成功或满足: * They complained about the bad service, but got no joy from the manager. 他们反映服务质量差, 但经理并未理会. sb's pride and joy => pride. 派生： joyful[-fl; -fEl] adj filled with, showing or causing joy 充满欢乐的; 显示快乐的; 令人高兴的: * joyful celebrations 欢乐的庆祝活动 * on this joyful occasion 在这愉快的时刻. joyfully[-fEli; -fEli] adv. joyfulness n [U]. joyless adj without joy; gloomy or miserable 不快乐的; 忧郁的; 悲伤的: a joyless marriage, childhood, etc 没有乐趣的婚姻、 童年等. joylessly adv. joylessness n [U]. joyous[5dVCiEs; 5dVCiEs] adj (fml 文) filled with, showing or causing joy 充满欢乐的; 显示快乐的; 令人高兴的: * a joyous sense of freedom 令人快乐的无拘无束的感觉. joyously adv. joyousness n [U]. 复合： `joy-ride n (infml 口) car ride taken for fun and excitement, usu without the owner's permission 开车兜风（通常指未得车主允许）: teenagers going for joy-rides round town 开着弄来的汽车在城里兜风的年轻人. `joy-rider n. `joy-riding n [U].

joystick
[5dVCistik; 5dVCi7stik] n control-lever on an aircraft, a computer, etc （飞行器、 计算机等的）操纵 .

JP
[7dVei 'pi:; 7dVe 'pi] abbr 缩写 = (law 律) Justice of the Peace: * Clive Small JP 克莱夫．斯莫尔治安官.

Jr
abbr 缩写 = Jnr.

ju
ju

jubilant
[5dVu:bilEnt; 5dVublEnt] adj (fml 文) ~ (about/at/over sth) showing great happiness, esp because of a success 欢欣的, 欣喜的（尤指由於成功）: * Liverpool were in a jubilant mood after their cup victory. 利物浦队夺得优胜杯後喜气洋洋. 派生： jubilantly adv. jubilation[7dVu:bi'leiFn; 7dVubl'eFEn] n [U] great happiness, esp because of a success 欢欣, 欣喜（尤指因成功引起的）: * express great jubilation 表示极大的喜悦.

jubilee
[5dVu:bili:; 5dVubE7li] n (celebration of a) special anniversary of an event 周年纪念（的庆祝）. Cf 参看 diamond jubilee (diamond), golden jubilee (golden), silver jubilee (silver).

Judaism
[5dVu:deiizEm; - -diizEm; 5dVudi7izEm] n [U] religion of the Jewish people; their culture 犹太教; 犹太人的文化. 派生： Judaic/dVu:'deiik; dVu'deik] adj [attrib 作定语] of Jews and Judaism 犹太人的; 犹太教的. =>Usage at christian 用法见christian.

Judas
[5dVu:dEs; 5dVudEs] n person who betrays a friend; traitor 出卖朋友的人; 叛徒: * You Judas! 你这个叛徒!

judder
[5dVQdE(r); 5dVQdl] v [I, Ipr, Ip] shake violently 猛烈地震动: * The plane juddered to a halt, ie shook violently and then stopped. 飞机猛烈地震动後停住了. 派生： judder n [sing] violent shaking 猛烈的震动: The engine gave a sudden judder. 发动机猛然一震.

judge
1[dVQdV; dVQdV] n 1 public officer with authority to decide cases in a lawcourt 审判官; 法官: * a High Court judge 高等法院的法官 * The case came before Judge Cooper last week. 该案上周呈交库珀法官审理. * The judge found him guilty and sentenced him to five years, iein gaol. 法官判决他有罪, 入狱五年. Cf 参看 magistrate.2 person who decides who has won a competition, contest, etc 裁判员; 仲裁人; 评判员: * a panel of judges at the flower show 花卉展览的评判小组 * (in the rules of many competitions) The judges' decision is final, ie it cannot be changed or challenged. 裁判的决定即是最终决定（不容更改或不得提出异议）. 3 person qualified and able to give an opinion on the value or merits of sth 鉴赏家; 鉴定家: * a good judge of art, wine, character 善於鉴别艺术、 酒、 人的个性的人 * I thought that the third violinist was the best player not that I'm any judge, ie I do not know much about the subject. 我认为第叁小提琴手演奏得最好--虽然我并不是行家. 4 (idm 习语) sober as a judge => sober.

judgement
(also, esp in legal use, judgment 也作judgment, 尤用於法律条文)[5dVQdVmEnt; 5dVQdVmEnt] n 1 [C] ~ (of/about sth) opinion about sth 意见; 看法: * make an unfair judgement of sb's character 对某人的品格做出不公正的评语 * My judgement is that/In my judgement the plan is ill-conceived. 我的意见是[据我看来]该计划考虑不周. 2 [C, U] decision of a lawcourt orjudge; verdict （法庭或法官的）判决; 裁决: * The judgementwas given in favour of the accused, ie the accused was declared not guilty. 判决为被告无罪. * The court has still to pass judgement (ie give a decision) in this case. 法庭对此案仍需做出判决. 3 (a) [U] ability to come to sensible conclusions and make wise decisions; good sense; discernment 决断力; 判断力; 见识; 眼力: * He lacks sound judgement. 他缺乏准确的判断力. * display/exercise/show excellent judgement 显示出[运用/表现出]卓越的决断力. (b) [U, C] action or process of judging 判断: * errors of judgement 判断的错误. 4 [sing] a ~ (on sb) misfortune considered to be a punishment from God for doing sth wrong 报应; 天谴: * This failure is a judgement on you for being so lazy. 这次失败是你懒惰的报应. 5 (idm 习语) against one's better judgement => better1. an error of judgement => error. reserve judgement => reserve1. sit in judgement => sit. 复合： `Judgement Day (also the Day of `Judgement, the Last `Judgement) the day at the end of the world when God will judge everyone who has ever lived 最後审判日; 世界末日.

judicature
[5dVu:dikEtFE(r); 5dVudikEtFl] n (law 律)1 [U] administration of justice 司法. 2 [CGp] group of judges; judiciary 法官（总称）.

judicial
[dVu:'diFl; dVu'diFEl] adj [attrib 作定语] 1 of or by a court of law; of a judge or of judgement 法庭的; 司法的; 法官的; 审判的: * a judicial inquiry, review, system 法庭的审讯、 覆审、 司法制度 * the judicial process 审判的程序 * take judicial proceedings against sb, ie bring a case against him in court 提起诉讼控告某人. 2 able to judge things wisely; critical; impartial 善於判断的; 有判断力的; 明断的; 公正的: * a judicial mind 公正的心. > judicially[-FEli; -FEli] adv. 复合： ju,dicial `murder (law 律) sentence of death that is legal but considered unjust 虽合法但被认为不公正的死刑判决. ju,dicial sepa`ration (law 律) order that forbids a man and wife to live together but does not end the marriage 经裁定的夫妇分居（夫妻不得同居但不结束婚姻关系）.

judiciary
[dVu:'diFEri; - -Fieri; dVu'diFi7eri] n [CGp] judges of a country collectively （一国的）法官（总称）.

judicious
[dVu:'diFEs; dVu'diFEs] adj showing or havinggood sense 有见识的; 明智的: * a judicious choice, decision,remark 明智的选择、 决定、 言语. > judiciously adv. judiciousness n [U].

judo
[5dVu:dEu; 5dVudo] n [U] sport of wrestling and self-defence between two people who try to throw each other to the ground 柔道.

jug
1[dVQg; dVQg] n 1 [C] (Brit) (US pitcher) (a) deep vessel, with a handle and a lip, for holding and pouring liquids （有柄有嘴盛液体用的）大罐, 壶: * pour milk into/from a jug 将牛奶倒入罐中[从罐中倒出] * a milk/coffee/water jug 牛奶罐[咖啡壶/水罐]. (b) amount of liquid contained in this 一罐或一壶液体（之量）: * spill a whole jug of juice 了整整一罐汁液. 2 [U] (sl 俚) prison 监狱: * three months in jug 坐叁个月牢. 派生： jugful[-ful; -ful] n amount of liquid contained in a jug 一罐或一壶液体（之量）.

juggernaut
[5dVQgEnC:t; 5dVQgl7nCt] n 1 (Brit esp derog 尤作贬义) very large articulated lorry 重型铰接卡车: * juggernauts roaring through our country villages 隆隆驶过我们村庄的重型铰接卡车. 2 large, powerful and destructive force or institution 强大的破坏力; 有毁灭力量的机构: * the juggernaut of bureaucracy 官僚作风的严重危害.

juggle
[5dVQgl; 5dVQgl] v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (with sth) throw (a number of objects, usu balls) up into the air, catch them and throw them into the air again and again, keeping one or more in the air at the same time 耍把戏; 玩杂耍; 连续抛接（若干球等）: * When did you learn to juggle? 你什麽时候学的杂耍? * to juggle (with) plates, balls, hoops, etc 用碟子、 球、 环等耍把戏. 2 [Ipr, Tn] ~ with sth change the arrangement of sth constantly in order to achieve a satisfactory result or to deceive people 不断改变某事的安排（以得到满意的结果或以骗人）: * juggling with one's timetable to fit in the extra classes 反覆修改自己的时间表以便插入额外课程 * The government has been juggling (with) the figures to hide the latest rise in unemployment. 政府为隐瞒最近失业率上升而一再更改数字. 派生： juggler[5dVQglE(r); 5dVQgll] n person who juggles(1) 耍把戏的人. =>illus 见插图.

jugular
[5dVQgjulE(r); dVQgjEll] adj of the neck or throat 颈部的; 喉部的. 派生： jugular n 1 (also jugular `vein) any of several veins in the neck that return blood from the head to the heart 颈静脉. 2 (idm 习语) go for the `jugular (infml 口) make a fierce destructive attack on the weakest point in an opponent's argument 抨击对方的致命弱点.

juice
[dVu:s; dVus] n 1 [U, C] (a) liquid obtained from a fruit; drink made from this 果汁; 果汁饮料: * squeeze some more juice from a lemon 从柠檬中多榨些汁 * a carton of fresh orange, pineapple, grapefruit, etc juice 一纸盒新鲜的橙汁、 菠萝汁、 葡萄柚汁 * One tomato juice and one soup, please. 请来一份蕃茄汁和一份汤. (b) liquid that comes from a piece of meat when it is cooked （烹肉时出的）肉汁: * Wrapping aluminium foil round a joint allows the meat to cook in its own juice/juices. 用铝箔把肉包住使之在原汁中烹制. 2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] liquid in the stomach or another part of the body that helps sb to digest food 胃液; 消化液: * gastric/digestive juices 胃[消化]液. 3 [U] (infml 口) electric current 电流: * turn on the juice 接通电流. 4 [U] (infml 口) petrol 汽油: * We ran out of juice on the motorway. 我们在高速公路上行驶时汽油用完了. 5 (idm 习语) stew in one's own juice => stew.

juicy
[5dVu:si; 5dVusi] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 containing a lot of juice and being enjoyable to eat; succulent 多汁又好吃的; 味道好的: * fresh juicy oranges 新鲜多汁的橙子. 2 (infml 口) interesting (esp because scandalous) 有趣味的（尤指丑事）: * juicy gossip, stories, scenes, etc 有趣的流言、 故事、 情景等 * Tell me all the juicy details! 把有趣的细节都讲给我听! 3 (infml 口) producing a lot of money; profitable 赚钱的; 获利的: * a nice juicy contract 有钱可赚的合同. > juiciness n [U].

jujube
[5dVu:dVu:b; 5dVudVub] n small flavoured jelly-like sweet 软糖.

juke
box

Jul
abbr 缩写 = July: 21 Jul 1965 1965年7月21日.

julep
[5dVu:lip; 5dVulip] n [C, U] (US) alcoholic drink made from spirit (usu whisky), sugar, mint and ice 含酒（通常为威士忌）、 糖、 薄荷及冰的饮料: * mint julep 薄荷酒清凉饮料.

Julian calendar
[7dVu:liEn 'kAlindE(r); 7dVuljEn'kAlEndl] calendar introduced by Julius Caesar in Rome in 46 BC 儒略历（公元前46年凯撒倡用的）. Cf 参看 Gregorian calendar (Gregorian). =>App 5 见附录5.

July
[dVu:'lai; dVu'lai] n [U, C] (abbr 缩写 Jul) the seventh month of the year, next after June 七月. For the uses of July see the examples at April. 关於July的用法见April词条中的示例.

jumble
[5dVQmbl; 5dVQmbl] v [usu passive 通常用於被动语态: * Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) mix (things) in a confusedway 将（东西）胡乱混在一起: * Toys, books, shoes and clothes were jumbled (up) on the floor. 玩具、 书、 鞋、 衣服都杂乱地堆在地上. * (fig 比喻) Details of the accident were all jumbled up in his mind. 该事故的详情在他头脑中已混在一起. 派生： jumble n 1 [sing] ~ (of sth) confused or untidy group of things; muddle 杂乱的一堆东西; 一团糟: a jumble of books and papers on the table 桌子上凌乱的一堆书和报纸. 2 [U] (Brit) mixed collection of old unwanted goods for a jumble sale 待义卖的旧杂物. 复合： `jumble sale (Brit) (US `rummage sale) sale of a mixed collection of old unwanted goods in order to raise money, usu for a charity 旧杂物义卖（通常为慈善筹款）: hold a jumble sale in aid of hospital funds 为医院筹措基金举行旧物义卖.

jumbo
[5dVQmbEu; 5dVQmbo] adj [attrib 作定语] (infml 口) unusually large; enormous 特大的; 极大的: * a jumbo(-sized) packet of washing-powder 特大（型）包装的洗衣粉. 派生： jumbo n (pl ~s) (also ,jumbo `jet) very large jet aircraft that can carry several hundred passengers 珍宝喷气客机.

jump
1[dVQmp; dVQmp] n 1 [C] act of jumping 跳; 跃; 跳跃: * a parachute jump 跳伞 * a superb jump 出色的跳跃. 2 [C] obstacle to be jumped over （需跳过的）障碍: * The horse fell at the last jump. 那马在跳最後一个障碍时跌倒了. * The water-jump is the most difficult part of the race. 跨跃水沟是赛马中最困难的一项. 3 [C] ~ (in sth) sudden rise in amount, price or value （数额、 价格或价值的）突增, 突升, 暴涨: * The company's results show a huge jump in profits. 公司的结算显示利润大增. 4 [C]sudden change to a different condition or set of circumstances; leap （情况或环境的）突然改变, 飞跃: * the country's great jump forward to a new technological era 该国向新技术时代的大飞跃. 5 the jumps [pl](infml 口) state of extreme nervousness with uncontrollablemovements of the body （神经性）全身颤抖: * get/have the jumps 混身颤抖. 6 (idm 习语) be for the high jump => high jump (high1). get the jump on sb (infml 口) gain an advantage over sb 得到超越某人的优势. give sb a `jump (infml 口) shock or surprise sb so that he makes a sudden movement 吓某人一跳: * Oh, you did give me a jump! 啊, 你可真吓了我一跳! keep, etc one jump ahead (of sb) remain one stage ahead (of a rival) 保持领先於（对手的）地位. take a running jump => running. 派生： jumpy adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) nervous; anxious 紧张的; 焦虑的. jumpily adv. jumpiness n [U].

jumper
[5dVQmpE(r); 5dVQmpl] n 1 (Brit) = jersey 1. 2 (US) pinafore 无袖连衣裙. 3 person, animal or insect that jumps 跳跃的人、 鸟兽或昆虫.

Jun
abbr 缩写 = 1 June: 12 Jun 1803 1803年6月12日. 2 = Jnr.

junction
[5dVQNkFn; 5dVQNkFEn] n 1 [C] place where roads or railway lines meet 公路或铁路的交叉点; 交叉路口: * a pub near the junction of London Road and Chaucer Avenue 靠近伦敦路与乔叟大街交叉口的酒馆 * Join the M1 at Junction 11. 在11号交叉路口与1号高速公路会合. * The accident happened at one of the country's busiest railway junctions. 事故发生在该国一个极繁忙的铁路交叉点处. 2 [C, U] (fml 文) (instance of) joining or being joined 连接; 会合: * effect a junction of two armies 两军会师. 复合： `junction box box containing a connection between electric circuits 接线盒.

juncture
[5dVQNktFE(r); 5dVQNktFl] n (idm 习语) at this juncture (fml 文) at a particular, esp important, stage in a series of events 在此时刻; 在这一关头: * It is very difficult at this juncture to predict the company's future. 此时很难预料公司的前景.

June
[dVu:n; dVun] n [U, C] (abbr 缩写 Jun) the sixth month of the year, next after May 六月. For the uses of June see the examples at April. 关於 June的用法见April词条中的示例.

jungle
[5dVQNgl; 5dVQNgl] n 1 [U, C] area of land, usu in a tropical country, that is covered with a thick growth of trees and tangled plants 丛林地带（通常指热带国家的）: * There's not much jungle 100 miles inland. 向内地100英里丛林较少. * The new road was hacked out of the jungle. 这条新路是在丛林地带辟出的. * the dense jungles of Africa and South America 非洲和南美洲的茂密丛林 * [attrib 作定语] jungle warfare, ie war fought in the jungle, where surprise attacks by small groups aredifficult to anticipate or avoid 丛林战. 2 [sing] confused, disordered and complicated mass of things 混乱而复杂的大量事物: * a jungle of welfare regulations 纷繁的福利条例. 3 [C] place of intense or confusing struggle 发生激烈或混乱斗争的地方: * the blackboard jungle, ie school(s) where pupils are very disruptive and hostile to theirteachers 学生不守纪律并敌视教师的学校 * the concrete jungle, ie a typical modern city with a dense mass ofugly high-rise concrete buildings and in which life is bewildering and sometimes violent 高楼林立、 乌烟瘴气、 时有暴力事件的现代城市. 4 (idm 习语) the law of the jungle => law. 派生： jungly[5dVQNgli; 5dVQNgli] adj (infml 口) of, like or from the jungle or its inhabitants （似）丛林地带的; 丛林地带居民的. 复合： ,jungle `fever type of severe malarial fever 丛林热（恶性疟疾）.

junior
[5dVu:niE(r); 5dVunjl] adj 1 ~ (to sb) lower in rank or standing (than sb) （较某人）地位或身分低的: * a junior clerk in an office 办公室的下级职员 * He is several years junior to Mrs Cooper. 他比库珀太太小几岁. 2 Junior (abbrs 缩写 Jnr, Jr, Jun) (esp US) (used after a name to refer to a son who has the same name as his father or to the younger of two boys having the same name in a school, university, etc 父子同名时, 用於儿子姓名之後, 两学生同姓时, 用於年幼者之名後, 以示区别): * Sammy Davies, Jnr 小萨米．戴维斯. Cf 参看 minor 2. 3 (Brit) of or intended for children from the ages of 7 to 11 （7至11岁）儿童的: * junior school 小学. Cf 参看 senior. 派生： junior n 1 person who holds a low rank in a profession; person with an unimportant job （一职业中）地位较低者; 从事次要工作的人: the office junior 办公室的一般职员. 2 [sing] (used with his, her, your, etc 与his、 her、 your等连用) person who is a specified number of years younger than sb else 比某人小若干岁: He is three years her junior/her junior by three years. 他比她小叁岁. 3 (Brit) child who goes to junior school 小学生: The juniors' Christmas party is on Tuesday. 小学生的圣诞节联欢会於星期二举行. 4 (US) student in his third year of a four-year course at college or high school （四年制的大学或中学的）叁年级学生. 5 (US infml 口) way of addressing a son in a family 家庭中称呼儿子的用语: Come here, Junior! 到这儿来, 小儿子!

juniper
[5dVu:nipE(r); 5dVunEpl] n evergreen bush with purple berries which are used in medicine and as a flavouring in gin 桧, 刺柏, 杜松（常绿灌木, 生有紫红色浆果供药用及杜松子酒调味之用）.

junk
1[dVQNk; dVQNk] n [U] 1 (infml 口) things that are considered useless or of little value 无用的或无价值的东西: * all that junk in the boot of the car 汽车行李箱中的所有废旧杂物 * You read too much junk, ie low-quality books. 你看低水平的书看得太多了. 2 old or unwanted things that are sold cheaply 廉价出售的废旧杂物: * pick up some interesting junk 买些有趣的旧货 * [attrib 作定语] a junk shop 旧货店. 3 (sl 俚) narcotic drug; heroin 麻醉药; 海洛因. 复合： `junk food (infml derog 口, 贬) food (eg potato crisps) eaten as a snack and usu thought to be not good for one's health 通常认为不利健康的小吃（如炸马铃薯条）.

junket
[5dVQNkit; 5dVQNkit] n 1 [C, U] (dish of) sweet custard-like pudding made of milk curdled with rennet, and often sweetened and flavoured （一份）凝乳食品（用凝乳制成, 常加糖和香料）. 2 [C] (infml derog 口, 贬 esp US) trip made esp for pleasure by a government official and paid for with government money 政府官员用公费的旅游. 3 social gathering for a feast; picnic 宴会; 野餐. 派生： junket v [I] make merry; feast 作乐; 尽情吃喝. junketing n 1 [U] (infml derog 口, 贬 esp US) party or celebration for visiting government officials, paid for with government money （用公款为来访的政府官员举行的）招待会. 2 [C, U] (period of) feasting or merry-making 举行宴会; 作乐.

junkie
[5dVQNki; 5dVQNki] n (sl 俚) drug addict, esp one addicted to heroin 有毒瘾者; （尤指）有海洛因瘾者.

Junoesque
[7dVu:nEu'esk; 7dVuno'esk] adj (of a woman) having a graceful dignified beauty (like the Roman goddess Juno) （指女子）有优雅高贵之美的（似罗马女神朱诺的）.

junta
[5dVQntE; - 'huntE; 5huntE] n [CGp] (esp derog 尤作贬义) group, esp of military officers, who rule a country after taking power by force in a revolution 在革命中以武力夺取政权并统治国家的（尤指军官的）集团.

Jupiter
[5dVu:pitE(r); 5dVupEtl] n (astronomy 天) the largest planet of the solar system, fifth in order from the sun 木星.

juridical
[dVuE'ridikl; dVu'ridikl] adj of law or legal proceedings 法律的; 诉讼程序的.

jurisdiction
[7dVuEris'dikFn; 7dVuris'dikFEn] n [U] (a) authority to carry out justice and to interpret and apply laws; right to exercise legal authority 司法; 司法权; 审判权; 裁判权: * The court has no jurisdiction over foreign diplomats living in this country. 法院对驻本国的外交官无裁判权. (b) limits within which legal authority may be exercised 管辖权限: * to come within/fall outside sb's jurisdiction 在某人管辖权限之内[外].

jurisprudence
[7dVuEris'pru:dns; 7dVuris'prudns] n [U] science or philosophy of law 法学; 法理学.

jurist
[5dVuErist; 5dVurist] n expert in law 法学家; 法理学家.

juror
[5dVuErE(r); 5dVurl] n member of a jury 陪审团之一员; 陪审员; 评判员.

jury
[5dVuEri; 5dVuri] n [CGp] 1 group of people in a lawcourt who have been chosen to listen to the facts in a case and to decide whether the accused person is guilty or not guilty 陪审团: * Seven men and five women sat on (ie were members of) the jury. 陪审团由七男五女组成. * The jury returned a verdict of (ie reached a decision that the accused was) not guilty. 陪审团做出被告无罪的裁决. * The jury is/are still out, ie Members of the jury are still thinking about their decision. 陪审团仍在进行审议. * trial by jury 由陪审团审理. 2 group of people chosen to decide the winner or winners in a competition （比赛的）评判委员会: * The jury is/are about to announce the winners. 评委会即将宣布优胜者. 复合： `jury-box n enclosure where a jury sits in a court 陪审团席. juryman[5dVuErimEn; 5dVurimEn] n (fem 阴性作 jurywoman[5dVuEriwumEn; 5dVuri7wumEn] ) member of a jury 陪审员.

just
1[dVQst; dVQst] adj 1 acting or being in accordance with what is morally right and proper; fair 公道的; 公正的; 公平的: * a just and honourable ruler 公正而正直的统治者 * a just decision, law, solution, society 公正的判决、 法律、 结论、 社会 * a just (ie legally right) sentence/verdict 合法的判决[裁决] * be just in one's dealings with sb 公平地对待某人. 2 reasonable; well-founded 合理的; 有充分根据的: * a just complaint 有根据的申诉 * just demands 合理的要求 * criticized without just cause 受到无端批评. 3 deserved; right 理所当然的; 正确的: * a just reward/punishment 应有的报偿[惩罚] * get one's just deserts 得到应得的赏罚. 派生： the just n [pl v] 1 just people 正直的人们. 2 (idm 习语) sleep the sleep of the just => sleep2. justly adv: to act justly 行事公道 * You can be justly proud of your achievement. 你有理由为自己的成就而自豪. justness n [U].

justice
[5dVQstis; 5dVQstis] n 1 [U] (a) right and fair behaviour or treatment 公平; 公正; 正义: * laws based on the principles of justice 以公正为原则的法律 * efforts to achieve complete social justice 为达到社会的完全公道而做的努力. (b) quality of being reasonable or fair 合理; 公道: * He demanded, with some justice, that he should be given an opportunity to express his views. 他要求给他一次机会表达自己的观点, 这也不无道理. 2 [U] the law and its administration 法律制裁; 司法; 审判: * a court of justice 法庭 * a miscarriage of justice, ie a wrong legal decision 误判. 3 Justice [C] (used as a title of a High Court Judge 用作高等法院法官的头衔): * Mr Justice Smith 法官史密斯先生. 4 [C] (US) judge of a lawcourt 法官. 5 (idm 习语) bring sb to `justice arrest, try and sentence (a criminal) 使（犯人）归案受审. ,do oneself `justice behave in a way that is worthy of one's abilities 发挥自己的能力: * He didn't do himself justice in the exams, ie did not perform as well as he was capable of doing. 他在考试中没有发挥出自己的能力. do justice to sb/sth (a) recognize the true value of sb/sth; treat sb/sth fairly 承认某人[某事物]的价值; 公平对待某人[某事物]: * To do her justice, we must admit that she did deserve to win. 说句公道话, 我们得承认她应该获胜. * The photograph does not do full justice to (ie does not truly reproduce) the rich colours of the gardens. 这张照片没有真实地反映出花园的丰富色彩. (b) deal with sb/sth adequately 尽心处理或对待某人[某事物]: * Since we'd already eaten, we couldn't do justice to her cooking, ie could not eat all the food she had cooked. 我们已经吃过饭了, 所以吃不下她做的食物了. 复合： ,Justice of the `Peace (abbr 缩写 JP) person who judges less serious cases in a local lawcourt; magistrate （地方法院审理一般案件的）治安官, 治安法官.

justify
[5dVQstifai; 5dVQstE7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) 1 [Tn, Tg, Tsg] show that (sb/sth) is right, reasonable or just 表明或证明（某人[某事]）是正当的、 有理的或公正的: * Such action can be justified on the grounds of greater efficiency. 以提高功效为依据可以证明采取这种措施是 正确的. * You shouldn't attempt to justify yourself. 你不应想方设法证明自己有理. * You can't justify neglecting your wife and children. 你不关心妻子儿女是说不过去的. * They found it hard to justify their son's giving up a secure well-paid job. 他们难以理解儿子竟放弃了收入颇丰的稳定工作. 2 [Tn, Tg, Tsg] be a good reason for (sth) 为（某事）的正当理由: * Improved productivity justifies an increase in wages. 提高了生产力理应增加工资. * Tiredness cannot possibly justify your treating staff this way. 你不能以疲劳为理由就这样对待职工. 3 [Tn] arrange (lines of type) so that the margins are even 调整（各行铅字等的位置）使版面四周空白均匀: * a justified text 四周空白均匀的版面. 4 (idm 习语) the end justifies the means => end1. 派生： justifiable/ 9dVQstI5faIEbl, also 5dVQstIfaIEbl; `dVQstE9faIEbl] adj that can be justified 可证明为正当的; 有理由的: * a justifiable explanation, action, use 合理的解释、行为、 用法 * justifiable homicide, eg killing in self-defence正当杀人（如出於自卫）. justifiably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv: * justifiably cautious, indignant, proud, etc 有理由谨慎的、 愤怒的、 骄傲的等. justification[7dVQstifi'keiFn; 7dVQstEfE'keFEn] n 1 [U, C] ~ (for sth/doing sth) acceptable reason (for doing sth) （做某事的）正当理由: * I can see no justification for dividing the company into smaller units. 我认为没有理由把公司划分成小单位. * He was getting angry and with some justification. 他生气了--事出有因. =>Usage at reason1 用法见reason1. 2 [U] arrangement of lines of type so that the margins are even. 齐行, 整版（为使版面四周空白均匀而对铅字等位置的调整）.

justify1
3 (idm 习语) in justification (for/of sb/sth) as a defence (of sb/sth) 作为对（某人[某事]的）辩解: * I suppose that, in justification, he could always claim he had a family to support. 我想他反正会以养家为理由来进行辩解. justified adj 1 ~ (in doing sth) having good reasons for doing sth （做某事）有正当理由的: As the goods were damaged, she felt fully justified in asking for her money back. 因商品损坏, 她认为有充分理由要求退款. 2 for which there is a good reason 事出有因的: justifiedcriticism, suspicion, anger 事出有因的批评、 怀疑、 愤怒.

jut
[dVQt; dVQt] v (-tt-) (phr v) jut out stand out (from sth); be out of line (with the surrounding surface); stick out 突出; 伸出: * a balcony that juts out (over the garden) 突出（於花园之上）的阳台 * a headland that juts out into the sea 伸入海中的岬 * His chin juts out rather a lot. 他的下巴向外突出.

jute
[dVu:t; dVut] n [U] fibre from the outer skin of certain tropical plants, used for making sacking, rope, etc 黄麻纤维: * the jute mills of Bangladesh 孟加拉国的黄麻纤维工厂.

juvenile
[5dVu:vEnail; 5dVuvEnail] n 1 (fml or law 文或律) young person who is not yet adult 未成年者; 少年. 2 actor or actress who plays such a part 扮演少年的演员: * [attrib 作定语] play the juvenile lead 扮演少年主角. 派生： juvenile adj 1 [attrib 作定语] (fml or law 文或律) of, characteristic of or suitable for young people who are not yet adults 未成年的; 少年的; 少年特有的; 适於少年的: juvenile crime 少年犯罪 * juvenile offenders 少年犯 * juvenile books 少年读物. 2 (derog 贬) immature and foolish; childish 幼稚无知的; 孩子气的: a juvenile sense of humour 孩子气的幽默感 * Stop being so juvenile! 别再那麽孩子气了! 复合： ,juvenile `court court that tries young people who are not yet adults 少年法庭. ,juvenile de`linquent young person not yet an adult, who is guilty of a crime, eg vandalism 少年犯. ,juvenile de`linquency criminal or antisocial behaviour by juvenile delinquents 少年犯罪.

juxtapose
[7dVQkstE'pEuz; 7dVQkstE'poz] v [Tn] (fml 文) place (people or things) side by side or very close together, esp to show a contrast 将（人或事物）并列或并置（尤指为显示差别）: * juxtapose the classical style of architecture with the modern 将古典的与现代的建 风格并列对照. > juxtaposition[7dVQkstEpE'ziFn;7dVQkstEpE'ziFEn] n [U]: * the juxtaposition of (different) ideas, civilizations, traditions （不同的）思想、 文化、 传统的对比.

K, k
[kei; ke] n (pl K's, k's/keiz; kez] ) the eleventh letter of the English alphabet 英语字母表的第十一个字母: * `King' begins with (a) K/`K' king字以k字母开始.

kaffir
[5kAfE(r); 5kAfl] n (S African offensive 南非, 讳, 蔑) black African person 非洲黑人.

kaftan
= caftan.

Kaiser
[5kaizE(r); 5kaizl] n title of the German and Austro-Hungarian emperors until 1918 （1918.

kale
(also kail)[keil; kel] n [U] type of cabbage with curly leaves 羽衣甘蓝.

kaleidoscope
[kE'laidEskEup; kE'laidE7skop] n (a) toy consisting of a tube containing small loose pieces of coloured glass, etc and mirrors which reflect these to form changing patterns when the tube is turned 万花筒. (b) (usu sing 通常作单数) (fig 比喻) constantly and quickly changing pattern 千变万化; 瞬息万变: * His paintings are a kaleidoscope of gorgeous colours. 他的油画色彩斑斓, 变化万千. * The bazaar was a kaleidoscope of strange sights and impressions. 集市的景象光怪陆离, 纷然杂陈. > kaleidoscopic/kE7laidE'skCpik; kE7laidE'skapik] adj. kaleidoscopically[-kli; -kli] adv.

kamikaze
[7kAmi'ka:zi; 7kami'kazi] n (in World War II) (pilot of a) Japanese aircraft deliberately crashed on enemy ships, etc （第二次世界大战中日本的）神风飞机, 神风飞机飞行员（与敌舰等同归於尽的自杀飞机或驾驶员）: * [attrib 作定语] a kamikaze attack 神风飞机的攻击 * (fig 比喻) kamikaze (ie suicidal) tactics 同归於尽的战术.

kangaroo
[7kANgE'ru:; 7kANgE'ru] n (pl ~s) Australian animal that jumps along on its strong hind legs, the female carrying its young in a pouch on the front of its body 袋鼠（产於澳洲）. =>illus 见插图. 复合： ,kangaroo `court illegal court formed by a group of prisoners, striking workers, etc to settle disputes among themselves 私设的公堂（囚犯、 罢工工人等为解决内部纠纷而设的）.

kaolin
[5keiElin; 5keElin] n [U] (also china `clay) fine white clay used in making porcelain and in medicine 高岭土; 瓷土.

kapok
[5keipCk; 5kepak] n [U] substance like cotton wool, used for stuffing cushions, soft toys, etc 木棉.

kaput
[kE'put; kE'put] adj [pred 作表语] (sl 俚) broken; ruined; not working properly 完蛋了; 失败了; 坏了: * The car's kaput we'll have to walk. 汽车坏了--我们只好步行.

karat
(US) = carat 2.

karate
[kE'ra:ti; kE'rati] n [U] Japanese system of unarmed combat in which the hands, feet, etc are used as weapons 空手道（日本式徒手武术）: * [attrib 作定语] akarate chop, ie a blow with the side of the hand 空手道的掌侧劈.

karma
[5ka:mE; 5karmE] n [U] (a) (in Buddhism and Hinduism) sum of a person's actions in one of his successive lives, believed to decide his fate in the next （佛教和印度教的）业（音译‘羯磨’, 意为个人行为的总和可决定其来世的命运）. (b) (esp joc 尤作戏谑语) destiny; fate 命运; 宿缘: * It's my karma always to fall in love with brunettes. 我爱上的总是深褐色头发、 浅黑色皮肤的白种女子, 这是我的缘分.

kart
[ka:t; kart] n = go-kart.

kayak
[5kaiAk; 5kaiAk] n. =>illus at canoe 见canoe插图. (a) Eskimo canoe made of light wood covered with sealskins 海豹皮船（爱斯基摩人制的单人小舟）. (b) small covered canoe resembling this （类似海豹皮船的）小艇.

kazoo
[kE'zu:; kE'zu] n (pl ~s) toy musical instrument that gives a buzzing sound when sb blows through it while humming 一种玩具笛.

KB
[7kei 'bi:; 7ke 'bi] abbr 缩写 = (Brit law 律) King's Bench. Cf 参看 QB.

KBE
[7kei bi: 'i:; 7ke bi 'i] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Knight Commander (of the Order) of the British Empire （第二等的）大英帝国最高勋爵; 英帝国爵级司令勋章: * be made a KBE 受封（第二等的）大英帝国最高勋爵位 * Sir John Brown KBE 约翰．布朗（第二等的）大英帝国最高勋爵士. Cf 参看 CBE, DBE, MBE.

KC
[7kei 'si:; 7ke 'si] abbr 缩写 = (Brit law 律) King's Counsel. Cf 参看 QC.

kebab
[ki'bAb; kE'bAb] n (often pl 常作复数) small pieces of meat and vegetables cooked and (often) served on a skewer 烤肉串: * lamb kebabs 烤羊肉串 * shish kebab 烤肉串.

kedgeree
[5kedVEri:, 7kedVE'ri:; 5kedVE7ri, 7kedVE'ri] n [U, C] cooked dish of rice and fish, with hard-boiled eggs and sometimes onions, all mixed together 鱼蛋烩饭（有时伴有洋葱）.

keel
[ki:l; kil] n 1 timber or steel structure along the bottom of a ship, on which the framework is built up （船的）龙骨: * lay down a keel, ie start building a ship 安龙骨（动工造船）. 2 (idm 习语) on an even keel => even1. 派生： keel v (phr v) keel over 1 (of a ship) capsize （指船）倾覆, 翻倒. 2 (infml 口) fall over; collapse 倒下; 倒塌: After a couple of drinks he just keeled over on the floor. 他喝了两杯酒後就跌倒在地了. * The structure had keeled over in the high winds. 那座建 物让大风给刮倒了.

keen
1[ki:n; kin] adj (-er, -est) 1 ~ (to do sth/that...) eager; enthusiastic 热切的; 热情的; 热心的: * a keen swimmer 喜好游泳的人 * I'm not keen to go again. 我不太想再去了. * She's keen that we should go. 她热情地叫我们去. 2 (of feelings, etc) intense; strong; deep （指感情等）热烈的, 强烈的, 深刻的: * a keen desire, interest, sense of loss 强烈的愿望、 兴趣、 失落感. 3 (of the senses) highly developed （指感觉）灵敏的, 敏锐的: * Dogs have a keen sense of smell. 狗的嗅觉很灵敏. 4 (of the mind) quick to understand （指头脑）敏捷的, 精明的: * a keen wit, intelligence 敏捷的头脑、 很强的理解力. 5 [esp attrib 尤作定语] (of the points and cutting edges of knives, etc) sharp （指刀等的尖和刃）锋利的, 快的: * a keen blade, edge 锋利的刀片、 刀刃. 6 (of a wind) bitterly cold （指风）刺骨的, 凛冽的. 7 (Brit) (of prices) low; very competitive （指价格）低廉的, 竞争力强的. 8 (idm 习语) (as) ,keen as `mustard (infml 口) extremely eager or enthusiastic 极热心的; 极热情的. keen on sth/sb (infml 口) (a) interested in sth 热衷於某事物: * keen on (playing) tennis 很喜欢（打）网球. (b) fond of sb/sth 喜爱某人[某事物]: * He seemed mad keen on (ie very interested in) my sister. 他发疯似的爱着我妹妹. * I'm not too keen on jazz. 我不太喜欢爵士乐. (c) enthusiastic about sth 对某事物满腔热情的: * She's not very keen on the idea. 她对那主张不很感兴趣. * Mrs Hill is keen on Tom's marrying Susan. 希尔太太很希望汤姆能和苏珊结婚. > keenly adv. keenness n [U].

keep
1[ki:p; kip] v (pt, pp kept/kept; kept] ) 1 (a) [La, Ipr, Ip] continue to be in the specified condition or position; remain or stay 继续处於某状态或地位; 留下; 保留: * She has the ability to keep calm in an emergency. 她有处变不惊的本事. * Please keep quiet -- I'm trying to get some work done. 请安静--我要处理一些工作. * You ought to keep indoors with that heavy cold. 你患重感冒应该留在屋里. * The notice said `Keep off (ie Do not walk on) the grass'. 布告牌上写着‘勿踏草地’. * Keep back! The building could collapse at any moment. 别靠近! 那建 物随时可能倒塌. (b) [Ip] ~ (on) doing sth continue doing sth; do sth repeatedly or frequently 继续做某事物; 重复做某事物: * keep eating, laughing, smiling, walking 一直在吃、 笑、 微笑、 走 * Keep (on) talking amongst yourselves, I'll be back in a minute. 你们继续谈, 我一会儿就回来. * How can I trust you if you keep lying to me? 你要是一直欺骗我, 我怎麽能相信你呢? * I do wish you wouldn't keep interrupting me! 希望你别老来打扰我! * My shoe laces keep (on) coming undone. 我的鞋带总是松开. * Keep going (ie Do not stop) until you reach a large roundabout. 继续走就走到一个宽阔的环状交叉路口了. * This is exhausting work, but I manage to keep going somehow. 这个工作很费力气, 但是我尽量设法做下去. (c) [Ipr, Ip] continue to move in the specified direction 继续朝某方向前进: * Traffic in Britain keeps to the left, ie drives on the left-hand side of the road. 在英国, 车辆靠左行驶. * Keep straight on until you get to the church. 一直朝前走就走到教堂了. * The sign says `Keep Left', so I don't think we can turn right here. 路标上写着‘靠左行’, 我想不能从这儿向右拐. 2 [Tn.pr, Tn.p, Cn.a, Cn.g] cause sb/sth to remain in the specified condition or position 使某人[某事物]保持某状态或某地位:

keep1
* If your hands are cold, keep them in your pockets. 要是手冷, 就揣在口袋里. * Extra work kept him (late) at the office. 他因有额外的工作, （很晚）仍留在办公室里. * Don't keep us in suspense any longer -- what happens at the end of the story? 别再让我们蒙在鼓里了, 结局究竟怎麽样? * keep sb amused, cheerful, happy, etc 使某人一直高兴、 快乐、 幸福等 * These gloves will keep your hands warm. 这种手套保暖好. * Give the baby her bottle; that'll keep her quiet for a while. 把瓶子给孩子, 那就能让她安静一会儿. * He's in a coma and is being kept alive by a life-support machine. 他处於昏迷状态, 靠生命维持器活着. * I'm sorry to keep you waiting. 对不起, 让您久等了. * Add some more coal to keep the fire going. 再添些煤, 别让火灭了. 3 [Tn] detain or delay (sb) 留住或耽搁（某人）: * You're an hour late; what kept you? 你晚了一小时, 是什麽事给耽误了? Cf 参看 keep sb from sth/doing sth. 4 [Tn] (a) continue to have (sth); retain 保有, 留下（某物）: * You can keep that book I lent you; I don't want it back. 我借给你的那本书你可以留下, 不用还我. * Here's a five-pound note -- you can keep the change. 这是五镑的钞票--零钱不用找了. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.n] ~ sth (for sb) look after sth (for sb); retain sth （为某人）照顾某事物; 保留某事物: * Could you keep my place in the queue (for me)(ie prevent anybody else from taking it)? 我排在队里的位置可以给我留着吗? * Please keep me a place in the queue. 排队时请给我占个位置. (c) [Tn, Tn.pr] have (sth) in a particular place; store 在某处存放（某物）; 贮藏: * Where do you keep the cutlery? 你的餐具在哪里? * We haven't enough shelves to keep all our books on. 我们的书架不够用, 放不下这麽多书. * Always keep your driving licence in a safe place. 驾驶执照一定要妥善保管. (d) [Tn] retain (sth) for future use or reference 保留（某物）（以备日後之需）:

keep2
* These trousers are so worn they're hardly worth keeping. 这条裤子磨损得很厉害, 不必再留着了. * Let's not eat all the sandwiches now -- we can keep some for later. 咱们别把叁明治都吃光--可以留些过後再吃. * I keep all her letters. 我保留着她全部的信. 5 [Tn] own and manage (a shop, restaurant, etc) 经营, 开设（商店、 饭馆等）: * Her father kept a grocer's shop for a number of years. 她父亲开了几年杂货店. * He plans to keep a pub when he retires. 他打算退休後开酒馆. 6 [Tn] own and look after (animals) for one's use or enjoyment （为自用或消遣）饲养（动物）: * keep bees, goats, hens, etc 饲养蜂、 羊、 鸡等. 7 [Tn] have (sth) regularly on sale or in stock 经销、 销售或储存（某物）: * `Do you sell Turkish cigarettes?’ `I'm sorry, we don't keep them.’ ‘你们卖土耳其香烟吗?’‘对不起, 我们不卖那种香烟.’ 8 [Tn] not reveal (a secret) 保守（秘密）: * Can you keep a secret? ie If I tell you one, can I be sure that you will not tell it to sb else? 我想告诉你一件事, 你能保密吗? 9 [I] (of food) remain in good condition （指食物）保持不坏: * Do finish off the fish pie; it won't keep. 鱼馅糕饼留不住, 都吃了吧. * (fig 比喻) The news will keep, ie can be told later rather than immediately. 这消息可容後宣布. 10[I] (used with an adv, or in questions after how 与副词连用或用於疑问句中的how之後) be in the specified state of health 处於某种健康状况: * `How are you keeping?’ `I'm keeping well, thanks.’ ‘你身体好吗?’‘很好, 谢谢.’ 11 [Tn] (a) make written entries in (sth) 在（某物）上作书面记载: * She kept a diary for over twenty years. 她写日记已二十多年. (b) write down (sth) as a record 记录（某事）: * keeping an account/a record of what one spends each week 记录每周的开支. 12 [Tn] provide what is necessary for (sb); support (sb) financially 供给（某人）必需品; 经济上支持（某人）:

keep3
* He scarcely earns enough to keep himself and his family. 他挣的钱难以维持全家人的生活. 13 (a) [Tn] guard or protect (sth) 守卫或把守（某物）: * keep goal, ie in football 守球门（足球的）keep4 /// keep sth back (a) prevent sth from moving; restrain sth 使某事物不能移动; 阻止某事物: Millions of gallons of water are kept back by the dam. 这个堤坝拦住了滔滔的洪水. * She was unable to keep back her tears. 她无法忍住泪水. (b) not pay sth to sb 不将某物付给某人: A certain percentage of your salary is kept back by your employer as an insurance payment. 雇主扣下你部分薪金作保险金用. keep sth `back (from sb) refuse to tell sb sth; hold sth back 拒不将某事告诉某人; 隐瞒某事物: I'm sure she's keeping something back (from us). 我肯定她（向我们）隐瞒 什麽. keep (sb) `back (from sb/sth) (cause sb to) remain at a distance from sb/sth （使某人）与某人[某事物]保持距离: Keep well back from the road. 离马路远些. * Barricades were erected to keep back the crowds. 设置了障碍以隔开人群. keep `down not show where one is; not stand up 隐蔽; 不站立: Keep down! You mustn't let anybody see you. 蹲下! 一定不要让人看见你. keep sb `down repress or oppress (a people, nation, etc) 压制或镇压（人民、 国民等）: The people have been kept down for years by a brutal regime. 人民多年遭受野蛮制度压迫. keep sth `down (a) not raise (a part of the body) 不抬起（身体某部分）: Keep your head down! 不要抬头! (b) retain sth in the stomach 吞下某物; 不吐出来: The medicine was so horrid I couldn't keep it down, ie I was sick. 这药这麽难吃, 我 不下去. (c) cause sth to remain at a low level; not increase sth 使某事物处於低水平; 压抑某事物: keep down wages, prices, the cost of living, etc 保持低工资、 低价格、 低生活费等 * Keep your voices down; your mother's trying to get some sleep. 小点声, 你妈妈要睡觉了. (d) not allow sth to multiply or grow 不使某物滋生或生长: use chemicals to keep pests down 用化学药品消灭害虫. keep oneself/sb from sth/doing sth prevent oneself/sb from doing sth 使自己[某人]不能做某事物: The church bells keep me from sleeping. 教堂的钟声吵得我睡不 觉.

keep5
* I hope I'm not keeping you from your work. 希望我没有妨碍你的工作. keep (oneself) from doing sth prevent oneself from doing sth; stop (oneself) doing sth 克制自己不做某事: She could hardly keep (herself) from laughing. 她忍不住大笑起来. * I just managed to keep myself from falling. 我差一点跌倒. keep sth from sb not tell sb sth 不将某事告诉某人: I think we ought to keep the truth from him until he's better. 我想等他好些再把实情告诉他. * They don't keep anything from each other. 他们之间无话不谈. keep sb `in detain (a child) after normal school hours as a punishment 罚（小学生）课後留校: She was kept in for an hour for talking in class. 她因上课说话被罚留校一小时. keep sth in not express (an emotion); restrain sth 不表露（情感）; 控制某事物: He could scarcely keep in his indignation. 他愤怒得难以自持. keep oneself/sb in sth give or allow oneself/sb a regular supply of sth 使自己[某人]经常有某事物: She earns enough to keep herself and all the family in good clothes. 她的收入能让全家经常有好衣服穿. keep in with sb (infml 口) continue to be friendly with sb, esp in order to gain some advantage 保持与某人亲近（尤指为得到好处）: Have you noticed how he tries to keep in with the boss? 你注意到他多巴结老板了吗? keep `off (of rain, snow, etc) not begin （指雨、 雪等）未下: The fete will go ahead provided the rain keeps off. 要是不下雨, 义卖会就照常进行. keep off (sb/sth) not approach, touch, etc sb/sth 不接近或不接触某人[某事物]. keep off sth (a) not eat, drink or smoke sth 不吃、 不喝或不吸食某物: keep off cigarettes, drugs, drink, fatty foods 不抽烟、 不吸毒、 不喝酒、 不吃多油脂的食物. (b) not mention (the specified subject); avoid 不提（某话题）; 避免: Please keep off (the subject of) politics while my father's here. 有我父亲在场, 请别谈政治. keep sb/sth off (sb/sth) cause sb/sth not to approach, touch, etc sb/sth 使某人[某事物]不接近或不接触某人[某事物]: They lit a fire to keep wild animals off. 他们燃起篝火防止野兽接近.

keep6
* Keep your hands off (ie Do not touch) me! 别碰我! keep `on continue one's journey 继续行进: Keep on past the church; the stadium is about half a mile further on. 一直向前走过了教堂, 约莫半英里就是体育场. keep on (doing sth) continue (doing sth) 继续（做某事物）: The rain kept on all night. 雨彻夜不停. * She kept on working although she was tired. 她虽疲劳但仍继续工作. keep sb `on continue to employ sb 继续雇用某人: He's incompetent and not worth keeping on. 他庸碌无能, 不值得留用. keep sth on (a) continue to wear sth 继续穿戴某物: You don't need to keep your hat on indoors. 在室内不必戴 帽子了. (b) continue to rent or be the owner of (a house, flat, etc) 继续租用或领有（房屋、 寓所等）: We're planning to keep the cottage on over the summer. 我们打算夏天继续租那座别墅. keep `on (at sb) (about sb/sth) continue talking (to sb) in an irritating way (about sb/sth) （向某人）唠叨: He does keep on so! 他就是这样爱唠叨! * I will mend the lamp just don't keep on at me about it! 我一定修这个灯--别再跟我唠叨这件事了! keep `out (of sth) not enter (a place); remain outside 不进入（某处）; 留在外边: The sign said `Ministry of Defence Danger Keep Out!’ 牌子上写 , 脎国防部重地--闲人免进!脍 keep sb/sth out (of sth) prevent sb/sth from entering (a place) 不让某人[某物]进入（某处）: Keep that dog out of my study! 别让那条狗进我的书房! * She wore a hat to keep the sun out of her eyes. 她戴 帽子遮阳, 保护眼睛. keep (sb) out of sth not expose oneself/sb to sth; (cause sb to) avoid sth 遮掩自己[某人]; （使某人）避开某事物: Do keep out of the rain if you haven't a coat. 没带雨衣那就避一下雨. * That child seems incapable of keeping out of (ie not getting into) mischief. 那个孩子不调皮捣蛋简直就受不了. * Keep the children out of harm's way if you take them to the match. 带孩子看比赛, 要注意他们的安全.

keep7
keep to sth (a) not wander from or leave (a path, road, etc) 不偏离, 不离开（道路等）: Keep to the track the moor is very boggy around here. 不要偏离车道--这一带沼泽地多. * (fig 比喻) keep to the point/subject 别扯远了[不要离题]. (b) follow or observe (a plan, schedule, etc) 遵循, 遵守（计划、 时刻表等）: Things will only work out if we all keep to the plan. 只有大家执行计划, 事情才能成功. (c) remain faithful to (a promise, etc)忠於, 信守（诺言等）: keep to an agreement, an undertaking 信守协定、 承诺. (d) remain in and not leave (the specified place or position) 留在, 不离开（某地或某位置）: She's old and infirm and has to keep to the house. 她因年老体弱而足不出户. (e) (used esp in the imperative when rebuking sb 尤用於祈使语气以指责某人) not express (a comment, view, etc) 不必说出（意见、 看法等）: Keep your opinions to yourself in future! 你有意见留 自己用吧! keep (oneself) to oneself avoid meeting people socially; not concern oneself with other people's affairs 不与人交往: Nobody knows much about him; he keeps himself (very much) to himself. 谁都不太了解他, 因为他很少与人来往. keep sth to one`self not tell other people about sth 不把某事告诉别人: I'd be grateful if you kept this information to yourself. 这事你若能保密则不胜感激. keep sb `under oppress sb 压迫某人: The local population is kept under by a brutal army of mercenaries. 当地居民备受野蛮雇 军的欺压. keep sth under control or suppress sth 控制或压制某事物: Firemen managed to keep the fire under. 消防队员尽力控制了火势. keep `up (of rain, snow, good weather, etc) continue without stopping （指雨、 雪、 好天气等）持续不停: Let's hope the sunny weather keeps up for Saturday's tennis match. 但愿星期六网球比赛时还是这样的好天气. keep sb up prevent sb from going to bed 使某人不能去睡觉: I do hope we're not keeping you up. 我希望我们没有耽误你睡觉. keep sth up (a) prevent sth from falling down 使某物不落下: wear a belt to keep one's trousers up 系 腰带以系住裤子.

keep8
(b) cause sth to remain at a high level 使某事物处於高水平: The high cost of raw materials is keeping prices up. 原料费用昂贵使得产品价格居高不下. (c) not allow (one's spirits, strength, etc) to decline; maintain 不让（精力等）衰退; 维持; 保持: They sang songs to keep their morale up. 他们唱 歌以保持高昂的士气. (d) continue sth at the same (usu high) level 继续使某事物保持同样的（通常指高的）水平: The enemy kept up their bombardment day and night. 敌军一直日夜不停地狂轰滥炸. * We're having difficulty keeping up our mortgage payments. 我们难以继续支付分期偿还的抵押贷款. * You're all doing a splendid job; keep up the good work! 你们干得都很出色, 要坚持下去! (e) continue to practise or observe sth 照旧做某事物或遵守某事: keep up old customs, traditions, etc 沿袭古老的风俗、 传统等 * Do you still keep up your Spanish? 你仍在学西班牙语吗? (f) maintain (a house, garden, etc) in good condition by spending money or energy on it 保养, 维修（房屋、 花园等）: The house is becoming too expensive for them to keep up. 他们的房子维修费用贵得越来越修不起了. Cf 参看 upkeep. keep `up (with sb/sth) move or progress at the same rate (as sb/sth) 跟上（某人[某事物]）; （与某人[某事物]）同步前进: Slow down I can't keep up (with you)! 慢点, 我跟不上（你）了! * I can't keep up with all the changes in computer technology. 计算机技术的各种改进有些我已跟不上了. keep up (with sth) rise at the same rate (as sth) 以（某事物的）同样速率上升: Workers' incomes are not keeping up with inflation. 工人的收入赶不上通货膨胀. keep up with sb continue to be in contact with sb 保持与某人的联系: How many of your old school friends do you keep up with? 你和中学时的老同学保持联系的有多少? keep up with sth inform oneself or learn about (the news, current events, etc) 知悉（消息）; 跟上（形势）: She likes to keep up with the latest fashions. 她喜欢穿戴入时.

keep9
复合： ,kept `woman (dated or joc 旧或谑) woman who is provided with money and a home by a man with whom she is having a sexual relationship （受供养的）姘妇.

keeper
[5ki:pE(r); 5kipl] n 1 person who looks after animals in a zoo or a collection of items in a museum （动物园的）饲养员; （博物馆的）保管人. 2 (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) person who is in charge of or looks after sth 负责或照料某事物的人: * a `lighthouse-keeper * a `gamekeeper * a `shopkeeper. 3 (infml 口)(a) = goalkeeper (goal). (b) = wicket-keeper (wicket). 4 (idm 习语) finders keepers => finder (find1).

keeping
[5ki:piN; 5kipiN] n (idm 习语) for safe keeping => safe1. in sb's keeping in sb's care or custody 在某人处保管; 受某人监护: * I'll leave the keys in your keeping. 我把钥匙交你保管. in/out of keeping (with sth) in/not in conformity or harmony 一致[不一致]; 协调[不协调]: * a development wholly in keeping with what we expected 与我们预期完全相符的发展 * That tie is not quite in keeping. 那条领带不十分协调. in safe keeping => safe1.

keepsake
[5ki:pseik; 5kip7sek] n gift, usu small and often not very costly, that is kept in memory of the giver or previous owner 纪念品: * My aunt gave me one of her brooches as a keepsake. 我的姑母把她的一只胸针送给我作纪念.

keg
[keg; keg] n small barrel, usu containing less than 10 British or 30 US gallons of liquid 小桶（通常容量不足10英加仑或30美加仑）. =>illus at barrel 见barrel插图. 复合： keg beer (Brit) beer served from kegs, using gas pressure 小桶啤酒（用气压压出）.

kelp
[kelp; kelp] n [U] type of large brown seaweed 大型褐藻.

kelvin
[5kelvin; 5kelvin] n (abbr 缩写 K) unit (equal tothe Celsius degree) of an international scale of temperature(the Kelvin scale) with 0 at absolute zero (273.15C) 开（开尔文温标的计量单位, 其零度为绝对零度, 等於273.15C）. =>App 11 见附录11.

ken
1[ken; ken] n (idm 习语) beyond/outside one's ken not within one's range of knowledge 超出某人知识范围: * The workings of the Stock Exchange are beyond most people's ken. 证券交易所的运作情况大多数人都不了解.

kennel
[5kenl; 5kenl] n 1 [C] shelter for a pet dog 狗窝; 狗房: * Rover lives in a kennel in the back garden. 小狗罗弗的窝在後花园. 2 [C] shelter for a pack of hounds 一群猎犬的窝棚. 3 kennels [sing or pl v] place where dogs are bred, cared for, etc 养狗场: * We put the dog into kennels when we go on holiday. 我们去度假时把狗送到养狗场寄养. 派生： kennel v (-ll-; US also -l-) [Tn] put or keep (a dog) in a kennel or kennels 将（狗）关进狗窝或送到养狗场: She kennels her dog in the yard. 她把狗关进院子的狗窝里.

kepi
[5keipi; 5kepi] n type of French military cap with a horizontal peak 法国军帽.

kept
pt, pp of keep1.

kerb
(also esp US curb)[kE:b; kEb] n stone or concrete edge of a pavement at the side of a road （镶石的）路缘, 路边: * Stop at the kerb and look both ways before crossing (the road). 先站在路边看清左右再过马路. 复合： `kerb-crawling n [U] driving slowly along trying to persuade sb on the pavement to enter one's car, esp for sexual purposes 开车沿路边缓慢行驶（尤指为性关系勾引人）: be arrested for kerb-crawling 因沿路边慢驶勾引人而被拘捕. `kerb drill set of rules for crossing the road safely 过马路的安全规则. `kerbstone n block of stone or concrete forming part of a kerb 路缘石; 路边石.

kerchief
[5kE:tFif; 5kEtFif] n (arch 古) 1 square piece of cloth worn on the head or round the neck, esp by women 方头巾, 方围巾（尤指女用的）. 2 handkerchief 手绢.

kerfuffle
[kE'fQfl; kl'fQfl] n [U] (Brit infml 口) fuss; noise; excitement 混乱; 吵闹; 闹哄: * What's all the kerfuffle (about)? 这乱哄哄的是怎麽回事?

kernel
[5kE:nl; 5kEnl] n 1 soft and usu edible part inside a nut or fruit stone （坚果或核果的）仁（通常可食）. =>illus at nut 见nut插图. 2 part of a grain or seed within the hard outer shell （谷物去壳後的）粒, 子. 3 (fig 比喻) central or essential part (of a subject, plan, problem, etc) 核心; 要点; 中心: * the kernel of her argument 她的论据的核心.

kerosene, kerosine
(also kerosine)[5kerEsi:n; 5kerE7sin] n [U] (esp US) = paraffin 1: * [attrib 作定语] a kerosene lamp 煤油灯.

kestrel
[5kestrEl; 5kestrEl] n type of small falcon 红隼. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page iv.

ketch
[ketF; ketF] n small sailing-boat with two masts 双桅小帆船.

ketchup
[5ketFEp; 5ketFEp] (also esp US catsup[5ktsEp;'kAtsEp] ) n [U] thick sauce made from tomatoes, vinegar, etc and used cold as a seasoning 番茄酱.

kettle
[5ketl; 5ketl] n 1 container with a spout, lid and handle, used for boiling water （烧水用的）壶: * boil (water in) the kettle and make some tea 烧壶水沏茶. 2 (idm 习语) a different kettle of fish => different. a `fine, `pretty, etc kettle of fish messy, unpleasant or confusing situation 一团糟; 不愉快的事; 尴尬的局面. the pot calling the kettle black => pot1.

kettledrum
[5ketldrQm; 5ketl7drQm] n large brass or copper bowl-shaped drum with skin stretched over the top, that can be tuned to an exact pitch 定音鼓. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xi.

key
1[ki:; ki] n 1 [C] metal instrument shaped so that it will move the bolt of a lock (and so lock or unlock sth) 钥匙: * turn the key in the lock 转动锁孔中的钥匙 * the car keys 汽车钥匙 * the key to the front door 前门的钥匙 * have a duplicate key cut, ie made 配钥匙. =>illus 见插图. 2 [C] similar instrument for grasping and turning sth, eg for winding a clock 类似钥匙的器具（如上钟表发条用的）: * Where's the key for turning off the radiator? 关散热器的开关在哪里? 3 [C] (a) (music 音) set of related notes, based on a particular note, and forming the basis of (part of) a piece of music 调: * a sonata in the key of E flat major/A minor 一首降E大调[A小调]奏鸣曲 * This piece changes key many times. 这首曲子有多处变调. (b) (fig 比喻) general tone or style of sth （事 物的）基调, 调子, 调门儿: * Her speech was all in the same key, ie monotonous. 她的演说自始至终是一个调子（单调乏味）. 4 [C] any of the set of levers that are pressed by the fingers to operate a typewriter, piano, etc （打字机、 钢琴等的）键. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, pages x, xi. 5 [C] (a) set of answers to exercises or problems 题解; 答案: * a book of language tests, complete with key 附答案的语言测验试题集. (b) explanation of the symbols used in a coded message or on a map, diagram, etc （地图、 图表等上的）略语表, 符号表, 凡例, 图例. 6 [C usu sing 通常作单数] ~ (to sth) thing that provides access, control or understanding 关键; 要诀: * Diet and exercise are the key (to good health). 吃固定食物、 做运动是（身体健康的）关键. * The key to the whole affair was his jealousy. 整个事情的 结是因为他忌妒. 7 [sing] roughness given to a surface so that plaster or paint will stick to it （助灰浆或颜料附着的）粗糙表面: * Gently sand the plastic to provide a key for the paint. 用砂纸在塑料上轻轻打磨出粗糙面以便涂颜料.

key1
8 [C] (botany 植) winged fruit of some trees, eg the ash and elm 翅果（如 、 榆等树的果实）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page i. 9 (idm 习语) under lock and key => lock2. 派生： key adj [attrib 作定语] very important or essential 极重要的; 关键性的: a key figure in the dispute 争论中的关键人物 * a key industry, speech, position 重要的工业、 讲话、 位置. 复合： `keyboard n set of keys (key1 4) on a typewriter,piano, etc （打字机、 钢琴等的）键盘. =>illus at computer见computer插图. v 1 [I] operate a keyboard (eg for setting printing type) 用键盘操纵（如排字）. 2 [Tn] enter (data) in a computer by means of a keyboard 用键盘将（数据）输入计算机. `keyboarder n person who operates a keyboard 操作键盘的人. `keyhole n hole through which a key is put into a lock 锁孔; 钥匙孔. `key money payment illegally demanded from a new tenant of a house or flat before he is allowed to move in 钥匙费（向新房客非法索取的费用）. `keynote n 1 central theme of a speech, book, etc （演说、 书等的）要旨, 主题: Unemployment has been the keynote of the conference. 会议的主题是失业问题. * [attrib 作定语] a keynote speech, ie one setting the tone for or introducing the theme of a meeting, etc 定基调的演说. 2 (music 音) note on which a musical key is based 主音. `key-pad n small keyboard of numbered buttons used instead of a dial on a telephone, for selecting a channel, etc on a television set, or for entering data in a computer 按钮式电话机键盘; 电视频道选择键盘; 计算机袖珍键盘. `key-ring n ring on which keys are kept 钥匙圈. =>illus 见插图. `key signature (music 音) sharps and flats shown on a piece of music indicating the key in which it is written 调号. =>illus at music 见music插图. `keystone n 1 (architecture 建) central stone at the top of an arch locking the others into position 拱顶石.

key2
2 (usu sing 通常作单数) (fig 比喻) most important part of a plan, an argument, etc on which all the other parts depend （计划、 论据等的）基础, 主旨: Belief in a life after death is the keystone of her religious faith. 她的宗教信仰的基础是相信死後有来生. Cf 参看 corner-stone (corner1).

KG
[7kei 'dVi:; 7ke 'dVi] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Knight (of the Order) of the Garter 嘉德勋爵士; 英格兰最高爵级勋章: * be made a KG 被封为嘉德勋爵士 * Sir Thomas Bell KG 托马斯．贝尔嘉德勋爵士.

KGB
[7kei dVi 'bi:; 7ke dVi 'bi] abbr 缩写 = USSR Intelligence Agency since 1953 (former Russian Komitet Gosudarstvennoi Bezopasnosti) 克格勃（建於1953年, 前苏联国家安全委员会的略称）: * a KGB agent 克格勃特工人员 * dealing with the KGB 与克格勃打交道.

khaki
[5ka:ki; 5kaki] n [U], adj (cloth of a) dull brownish-yellow colour, used esp for military uniforms 土黄色（的）, 卡其布（的）（尤指用做军服的）.

kHz
abbr 缩写 = kilohertz. Cf 参看 Hz.

kibbutz
[ki'buts; ki'buts] n (pl kibbutzim/kibu'tsi:m; kibu'tsim] ) communal farm or settlement in Israel 基布兹（以色列的合作农场或居民点）. 派生： kibbutznik[-nik; -nik] n member of a kibbutz 基布兹成员.

kick
1[kik; kik] v 1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] hit (sb/sth) with the foot 踢（某人[某物]）: * Mummy, Peter kicked me (on the leg)! 妈妈, 彼得踢我（腿）! (b) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] move (sth) by doing this 踢动（某物）: * He kicked the ball into the river. 他把球踢进河里了. * Can we kick the ball around for a while? 我们可以在这一带踢一会儿球吗? (c) [Tn.pr] make (sth) by kicking 踢成（某物）: * He kicked a hole in the fence. 他在篱笆上 了个洞. (d) [I, Ip] move the foot or feet in a jerky violent way 猛烈地蹬、 跺: * The child was screaming and kicking. 那孩子边喊叫边跺脚. * Be careful of that horse it often kicks. 小心那匹马--它常尥蹶子. * (fig 比喻) She kicks out when she's angry. 她发起怒来暴跳如雷. 2 [Tn] ~oneself be very annoyed with oneself because one has done sth stupid, missed an opportunity, etc （因干蠢事、 坐失良机等）懊悔, 内疚, 自责: * When I discovered I'd come for the appointment on the wrong day, I could have kicked myself. 我来赴约发现把日期弄错了, 感到非常懊恼. 3 [Tn] (esp in Rugby football) score (a goal or conversion) by kicking the ball （尤指英式橄榄球）踢球（射门）得分: * That's the twentieth goal he's kicked this season. 这是他本赛季踢进的第二十个球. 4 [I] (of a gun) jerk backwards when fired （指枪炮）反冲, 後坐. 5 (idm 习语) alive and kicking => alive. hit/kick a man when he's down => man. ,kick against the `pricks hurt oneself by useless resistance or protest 作无谓的抵抗而自身受损; 自讨苦吃. ,kick the `bucket (sl 俚) die 死; 蹬腿儿. `kick the habit (infml 口) give up an addiction 戒除某嗜好: * Doctors should try to persuade smokers to kick the habit. 医生应说服吸烟者戒烟. ,kick one's `heels have nothing to do while waiting for sth 无聊地等待某事物: * She had to kick her heels for hours because the train was so late. 火车晚点, 她无聊地等了几小时. ,kick over the `traces (of a person) refuse to accept discipline or control

kick1
(from parents, etc) （指人）拒不接受（父母等的）管束, 控制. kick up/raise a dust => dust1. ,kick up a `fuss, `row, shindy, stink, etc (infml 口) cause a disturbance, esp by protesting about sth 闹事, 骚动（尤指抗议某事）. ,kickup one's `heels (infml 口) enjoy oneself enthusiastically尽情享乐; 乐得手舞足蹈. ,kick sb up`stairs (infml 口) get rid of sb by promoting him to a position that seems more important but in fact is less so 使某人明升暗降. 5 (phr v) kick against sth protest about or resist sth 反对或反抗某事物: * It's no use kicking against the rules. 反对这些规定是徒劳的. kick around (infml 口) be present, alive or in existence 活着; 健在; 存在: * I've been kicking around Europe since I saw you last. 你我分别以来, 我一直在欧洲各地生活. * My shirt is kicking around on the floor somewhere. 我的衬衫在地板上的什麽地方. * an idea which has been kicking around for some considerable time 酝酿已久的意见. kick sth around/round (infml 口) discuss (plans, ideas, etc) informally 随便商谈, 非正式地讨论（计划、 想法等）: * We'll kick some ideas around and make a decision tomorrow. 我们先酝酿一下, 明天再作决定. kick sth in break sth inwards by kicking 向内踢某物: * kick in a door 从外面把门踢开 * kick sb's teeth in 踢掉某人的牙. kick `off start a football match (by kicking the ball) （足球）开球: * United kicked off and scored almost immediately. 联队开球後旋即得分. kick (sth) off begin (a meeting, etc) 开始（会议等）: * I'll ask Tessa to kick off (the discussion). 我叫特萨开始（讨论）. kick sth off remove sth by kicking 踢掉某物: * kick off one's slippers, shoes, etc 踢脱拖鞋、 鞋等. kick sb out (of sth) (infml 口) expel sb or send him away by force 驱逐某人; 用武力逼走某人: * They kicked him out (of the club) for fighting. 他因为斗殴被开除（出俱乐部）.

kick2
派生： kicker n person who kicks 踢或 的人. 复合： `kick-off n start of a football match （足球比赛的）开球.

kickback
[5kikbAk; 5kik7bAk] n (infml 口) money paid to sb who has helped one to make a profit, often illegally 回扣, 酬金（常指不合法的）.

kid
1[kid; kid] n 1 (a) [C] (infml 口) child or young person 小孩; 年轻人: * How are your wife and kids? 夫人和孩子们都好吗? * Half the kids round here are unemployed. 这里的年轻人有一半失业. (b) [attrib 作定语] (infml 口 esp US) younger 较年幼的: * his kid sister/brother 他的妹妹[弟弟]. 2 (a) [C] young goat 小山羊. =>illus at goat 见goat插图. (b) [U] leather made from its skin 小山羊皮革: * a bag made of kid 小山羊皮手提包 * [attrib 作定语] a pair of kid gloves 一副小山羊皮手套. 3 (idm 习语) handle, treat, etc sb with kid `gloves deal with sb very gently or tactfully 以温和的或圆通的手段对待某人. 派生： kiddy (also kiddie) n (infml 口) child 小孩儿. 复合： `kid-glove adj [attrib 作定语] gentle; tactful 温柔的; 圆通的: Kid-glove methods haven't worked it's time to get tough. 既然软的办法不行--那就来硬的.

kidnap
[5kidnAp; 5kidnAp] v (-pp-; US -p-) [Tn] steal (sb) away by force and illegally, esp in order to obtain money or other (esp political) demands 诱拐, 绑架, 劫持（某人）: * Two businessmen have been kidnapped by terrorists. 有两个商人让恐怖分子绑架了. 派生： kidnap n [attrib 作定语]: a kidnap attempt, plot, victim 绑架的企图、 阴谋、 事主. kidnapper n: The kidnappers have demanded 1 million for his safe release. 绑架的歹徒索要100万英镑赎金才放他. kidnapping n [C, U] (act of) stealing sb away in this way 诱拐; 绑架; 劫持: The kidnapping occurred in broad daylight. 在光天化日之下竟发生绑架事件.

kidney
[5kidni; 5kidni] n (pl ~s) 1 [C] either of a pair of organs in the body that remove waste products from the blood and produce urine 肾; 肾脏. 2 [U, C]kidney(s) of certain animals used as food （用作食物的）腰子: * two kilos of lamb's kidney 两公斤羊腰子 * [attrib 作定语] steak and kidney pie 牛肉腰子馅饼. 复合： `kidney bean (plant producing a) reddish-brown kidney-shaped bean 菜豆. `kidney machine (medical 医) machine that does the work of kidneys which have become diseased 人工肾; 血液透析器: put a patient on a kidney machine 给病人装置人工肾.

kill
[kil; kil] v 1 [I, Tn, Tn.pr] cause death or cause the death of (sb/sth) 致死; 杀死, 扼杀（某人[某事物]）: * Careless driving kills! 开车大意危及生命! * Cancer kills thousands of people every year. 每年有数以千计的人死於癌症. * The guard was killed with a high-powered rifle. 那卫兵被杀伤力大的火枪击毙了. * (fig infml 比喻, 口) My mother will kill me (ie be very angry with me) when she finds out where I've been. 我母亲要是知道我到过那地方非把我宰了不可（一定大怒）. 2 [Tn] (infml 口) (usu in the continuous tenses 通常用於进行时态) cause pain to (sb) 使（某人）疼痛, 痛苦: * My feet are killing me. 我的脚疼极了. 3 [Tn] (a) (esp in football) stop (a ball) suddenly and completely with one's foot （尤指足球）停（球）. (b) (esp in tennis) hit (a ball) so that it cannot be returned （尤指网球）扣（球）. 4 [Tn] bring (sth) to an end 终止, 结束, 了结（某事物）: * kill sb's affection, interest, appetite 使某人失去好感、 兴趣、 胃口 * the goal that killed Brazil's chances of winning 决定巴西队败局的一分. 5 [Tn, Cn.a] (infml 口) cause (sth) to fail or be rejected 使（某事物）失败, 遭拒绝: * kill a project, a proposal, an idea, etc (stone dead) 使一计划、 建议、 想法等不能实现 * The play was killed by bad reviews. 那出戏被贬斥的评论扼杀了. 6 [Tn] (infml 口) switch or turn off 关掉: * kill a light, the radio, a car engine 关掉灯、 收音机、 汽车发动机. 7 [Tn] make (one colour) appear ineffective by contrast with another 抵销（某一色彩）的效果: * The bright red of the curtains kills the brown of the carpet. 这些鲜红色窗 显得棕色地毯黯然失色. 8 (idm 习语) be dressed to kill => dress2. curiositykilled the cat => curiosity. have time to kill => time1.,kill the fatted `calf (fml or joc saying 文或谑, 谚) joyfully celebrate sb's return or arrival 欢宴或欢庆某人的归来或到达. ,kill the ,goose that ,lays the ,golden `eggs (saying 谚) destroy (through greed or carelessness) sth that would have produced continuous profit in the future 杀鸡取卵; 自绝财源. kill oneself

kill1
(doing sth/to do sth) (infml 口) try too hard 过分努力: * The party's at eight, but don't kill yourself getting here/to get here on time. 八点钟聚会, 但是不必勉强赶时间来. ,kill or `cure [esp attrib 尤作定语] (likely to) be either completely successful or a total failure 不是全胜就是大败: * a kill-or-cure approach to the problem 对问题采取非胜即败的态度 * The tough new measures on drug abuse are likely to be a case of kill or cure. 禁毒新措施很强硬, 大有成败取决於此之势. kill `time; kill two, a few, etc hours spend time as pleasantly as possible but unprofitably, esp while waiting for sth 消磨时间（尤指等待时）: * My flight was delayed, so I killed time/killed two hours reading a book. 我那趟班机误点了, 我只好看书消磨时间[打发了两小时]. kill ,two ,birds with ,one `stone achieve two aims with a single action or simultaneously 一石二鸟; 一箭双雕; 一举两得. ,kill sb with `kindness harm sb by being excessively or mistakenly kind 溺爱某人反而使其受损. 9 (phr v) kill sb/sth off destroy or get rid of sb/sth 杀死某人; 破坏某事物; 除掉某人[某事物]: * kill off weeds, insects, rats 灭除杂草、 害虫、 老鼠 * He killed off all his political opponents. 他把政敌排除一空. * (fig 比喻) The author kills off her hero in Chapter 7. 作者把她的主人翁安排在第七章中死去. 派生： kill n 1 act of killing 杀死: The lion made only one kill that day. 那天狮子只捕杀了一个猎物. 2 (usu sing通常作单数) animal(s) killed 被杀死的动物: The huntersbrought their kill back to camp. 猎人把猎物带回营地. 3 (idm 习语) go/move in for the `kill prepare to finish off an opponent 准备干掉或打倒对手. (be) ,in at the `kill (be) present at the climax of a struggle, etc 斗争等最激烈时在场: She wants to be in at the kill when his business finally collapses. 她想在他的公司最终倒台时亲 临现场.

kill2
killer n person, animal or thing that kills 杀生的人、 动物或事物: Police are hunting her killer. 警方正在追捕杀害她的凶手. * Heroin is a killer. 海洛因是致命的毒品. * [attrib 作定语] a killer disease 致命的疾病 * Sharks have the killer instinct. 鲨鱼有嗜杀的本性. 复合： `killjoy n (derog 贬) person who spoils the enjoymentof others 使人扫兴的人.

killing
[5kiliN; 5kiliN] n (idm 习语) ,make a `killing have a great financial success 大走财运; 鸿运亨通: * She's made a killing on the stock market. 她在股票市场上大发了一笔财. 派生： killing adj (infml 口) 1 exhausting 使人筋疲力尽的: walk at a killing pace 拚命赶路. 2 very amusing 极为有趣的; 滑稽可笑的: a killing joke 极为有趣的笑话. killingly adv (infml 口) extremely 非常地; 极端地: a killingly funny film 非常有趣的影片.

kiln
[kiln; kiln] n oven for baking pottery or bricks, drying hops or wood, burning lime, etc .

kilo
[5ki:lEu; 5kilo] n (pl ~s) kilogram.

kilocycle
[5kilEsaikl; 5kilE7saikl] n (dated 旧) = kilohertz.

kilogram
(also kilogramme)[5kilEgrAm; 5kilE7grAm] n (abbr 缩写 kg) basic unit of mass in the SI system; 1000 grams 千克; 公斤. =>App 5, 11 见附录5、 11.

kilohertz
[5kilEhE:ts; 5kilo7hEts] n (pl unchanged 复数不变) (abbr 缩写 kHz) (also kilocycle) unit of frequencyof electromagnetic waves; 1000 hertz 千赫（频率单位, 等於1000赫兹）.

kilometre
(US -meter)[5kilEmi:tE(r), ki'lCmitE(r);'kilE7mitl] n (abbr 缩写 km) metric unit of length; 1000 metres. 公里, 千米（公制长度单位, 等於1000米）. =>App 4,5 见附录4、 5.

kilowatt
[5kilEwCt; 5kilE7wat] n (abbrs 缩写 kW, kw) unit of electrical power; 1000 watts 千瓦（电的功率单位, 等於1000瓦特）.

kilt
[kilt; kilt] n (a) pleated knee-length skirt of tartan wool, worn by men as part of Scottish national costume （苏格兰男子穿的）短褶裙（羊毛织成长及膝盖, 为苏格兰民族服装的一部分）. =>illus at bagpipes 见bagpipes插图. (b) similar skirt worn by women or children （妇女或儿童穿的类似上述的）短褶裙. 派生： kilted adj wearing a kilt 穿着短褶裙的.

kimono
[ki'mEunEu; - -nE; kE'monE] n (pl ~s) (a) long loose Japanese robe with wide sleeves, worn with a sash 和服（日式长袍）. (b) dressing-gown resembling this （和服式）晨服.

kin
[kin; kin] n 1 [pl v] (dated or fml 旧或文) one's family and relatives 家人和亲戚: * All his kin were at the wedding. 他的家人和亲戚都参加了婚礼. * He's my kin, ie related to me. 他是我的亲戚. * We are near kin, ie closely related. 我们是近亲. Cf 参看 kindred 2. 2 (idm 习语) kith and kin => kith. no kin to sb not related to sb 与某人无亲属关系. Cf 参看 next of kin (next1). 复合： kinsfolk[5kinzfEuk; 5kinz7fok] n [pl v] = kin. `kinship n [U] 1 blood relationship 血缘关系; 亲属关系: claim kinship with sb 声称与某人有血缘关系. 2 (fig 比喻) close sympathy or similarity of character 深切的同情; 性格的相似: Even after meeting only once, they felt a kinship. 他们虽然只见了一面, 但已是一见如故了. kinsman[5kinzmEn; 5kinzmEn] n (pl -men[-mEn; -mEn/) (fml 文) male relative 男亲属. `kinswoman n (pl -women) (fml 文) female relative 女亲属.

kind
1[kaind; kaind] adj friendly and thoughtful to others 亲切的; 和蔼的; 友好的; 仁慈的; 慈爱的: * Would you be kind enough to/be so kind as to help me? 请你帮帮我的忙好吗? * a kind man, gesture, face, thought 友好的人、 姿势、 面容、 想法 * She always has a kind word for (ie stops to speak kindly to) everyone. 她跟谁都能和蔼地谈谈话. 派生： kindly adv 1 in a kind manner 亲切地; 和蔼地; 友好地; 仁慈地; 慈爱地: treat sb kindly 善待某人 * He spoke kindly to them. 他和蔼地和他们谈话. 2 (used when making polite requests or ironically when ordering sb to do sth 用作请求时的礼貌用语或把命令说成请求的反语) please 请: Would you kindly hold this for a moment? 请您帮着拿一会儿这个东西. * Kindly leave me alone! 劳您驾别打扰我! 3 (idm 习语) take kindly to sb/sth (usu in negative sentences 通常用於否定句) be pleased by sth; accept sb/sth willingly 喜欢某事物; 欣然接受或接纳某人[某事物]: She didn't take (at all) kindly to being called plump. 她（一点都）不喜欢人家说她丰满. * I don't think he takes kindly to foreign tourists. 我认为他不喜欢外国游客. kindness n 1 [U] quality of being kind 亲切; 和蔼; 仁慈; 好意: She always shows kindness to children and animals. 她对孩子和动物总是很温柔. * He did it entirely out of kindness, not for the money. 他做那件事纯粹是出於好意, 并非为钱. 2 [C] kind act 好心的表现或行为: I can never repay her many kindnesses to me. 我无法回报她对我的许多帮助. 3 (idm 习语) do/show sb a `kindness do sth kind for sb 好心地为某人做某事物. kill sb with kindness => kill. the milk of human kindness => milk1. 复合： ,kind-`hearted adj having a kind nature; sympathetic好心的; 善良的; 同情的.

kindergarten
[5kindEga:tn; 5kindl7gartn] n school for very young children; nursery school 幼儿园.

kindle
[5kindl; 5kindl] v 1 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) catch fire （使某物）燃烧, 着火: * This wood is too wet to kindle. 这木头潮得点不着. * The sparks kindled the dry grass. 有些火星把乾草给引着了. 2 (fig 比喻) (a) [Tn] arouse or stimulate (feelings, etc) 激起（感情等）: * kindle hopes, interest, anger 激起希望、 兴趣、 怒火. (b) [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) become bright; shine or glow 发亮; 放光; 明亮起来: * Her eyes kindled with excitement. 她兴奋得双目炯炯发光. 派生： kindling[5kindliN; 5kindliN] n [U] small dry pieces of wood, etc for lighting fires 引火物（小块的乾柴等）.

kindly
1[5kaindli; 5kaindli] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (-ier, -iest) kind or friendly in character, manner or appearance 亲切的; 和蔼的; 友好的; 仁慈的; 慈爱的: * a kindly man, voice, smile 慈祥的人、 声音、 微笑 * give sbsome kindly advice 给某人以友好的劝告. > kindlinessn [U].

kindred
[5kindrid; 5kindrid] n (fml 文) 1 [U] family relationship 亲属关系: * claim kindred with sb 声称与某人有亲属关系. 2 [pl v] one's family and relatives 家人和亲戚: * Most of his kindred still live in Ireland. 他的亲戚大部分仍住在爱尔兰. Cf 参看 kin 1. 派生： kindred adj [attrib 作定语] (fml 文) 1 having a common source; related 同宗的; 同源的; 有关的: kindred families 同宗亲属 * English and Dutch are kindred languages. 英语和荷兰语是同源的语言. 2 similar 类似的; 相似的: hunting and shooting and kindred activities 打猎、 射击及之类的活动. 3 (idm 习语) a kindred `spirit person whose tastes, feelings, etc are similar to one's own 意气相投的人: We immediately realized that we were kindred spirits. 我们马上发觉彼此志同道合.

kinetic
[ki'netik; ki'netik] adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] of or produced by movement 运动的; 运动引起的: * kinetic energy, ie that generated by a moving body 动能. 派生： kinetically[-kli; -kli] adv. kinetics n [sing v] science of the relations between the movement of bodies and the forces acting on them 动力学. 复合： ki,netic `art art (esp sculpture) that depends for its effect on the movement of some of its parts, eg in air currents 动态艺术, （尤指）动态雕塑（藉活动部件在气流等中的运动造成动感效果的）.

king
[kiN; kiN] n 1 (title of the) male ruler of an independent state, usu inheriting the position by right of birth 君主; 国王; 国王的称号: * the King of Denmark 丹麦国王 * King Edward VII 爱德华七世 * be made/crowned king 被立为[加冕为]国王. Cf 参看 queen. 2 person, animal or thing regarded as best or most important in some way 重要的人、 动物或事物; 大王: * To his fans, Elvis will always be `the King'. 埃尔维斯的歌迷永远称他为歌王. * the king of beasts/of the jungle, ie the lion 百兽[丛林]之王（狮子） * Barolo is the king of Italian red wines. 巴罗洛是意大利红葡萄酒之王. 3 [attrib 作定语] largest variety of a species 同类中之最大型的: * king cobra, penguin, prawn, etc 眼镜王蛇、 王企鹅、 宽沟对虾等. 4 (a) (in chess) the most important piece （国际象棋的）王. =>illus at chess 见chess插图. (b) (in draughts) piece that has been crowned on reaching the opponent's side of the board （国际跳棋的）王棋（抵对方底线升为王的棋子）. (c) (in playing-cards) any of four cards with the picture of a king on （纸牌中的）K: * the king of spades 黑桃K. 5 (idm 习语) the King's/Queen's English => English. a ,king's `ransom very large amount of money 重金; 巨款: * That painting must be worth a king's ransom. 那幅画一定价值连城. turn King's/Queen's evidence => evidence. the uncrowned king/queen => uncrowned. 派生： kingly adj of, like or suitable for a king; regal （似）国王的; 适於国王的; 威严的. kingliness n [U]. kingship[-Fip; -Fip] n [U] condition of being, or official position of, a king 国王身分; 王位; 王权. 复合： `kingmaker n person who controls appointments to positions of high (esp political) authority 操纵任命（尤指政界）要职的人. `kingpin n 1 (engineering 工) vertical bolt used as a pivot 主销; 主螺栓. 2 (fig 比喻) essential person or thing 主要的人或事物: He's the kingpin of the whole team. 他是全队的主力.

king1
`king-size (also -sized) adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] larger than normal; extra large 比正常大的; 特大的: a king-size bed, cigarette, hamburger 特大的床、 香烟、 汉堡包 * king-sized portions 特大份. King's/Queen's `Bench (abbrs 缩写 KB, QB) (Brit law 律) division of the High Court of Justice （高等法院中的）王座法庭. King's/Queen's `Counsel (abbrs 缩写 KC, QC) (Brit law 律) barrister appointed to act for the government 御用律师.

kingcup
[5kiNkQp; 5kiN7kQp] n large variety of buttercup; marsh marigold 鳞茎毛莨; 驴蹄草.

kingdom
[5kiNdEm; 5kiNdEm] n 1 country or state ruled by a king or queen 王国: * the United Kingdom 英国. 2 any one of the three divisions of the natural world 界（大自然的叁大类别）: * the animal, plant/vegetable and mineral kingdoms 动物、 植物、 矿物叁界. 3 (fig 比喻) area belonging to or associated with a particular thing or person 领域: * the kingdom of the imagination 想像的领域 * the kingdom under the waves, ie the sea 大海. 4 (idm 习语) till/until kingdom `come (infml 口) for ever 永久; 永远: * Don't mention politics or we'll be here till kingdom come. 咱们别谈政治吧, 否则一谈就没个完. to kingdom `come (infml 口) into the life after death 去天国: * gone to kingdom come, ie dead 上天国了（死了） * The bomb exploded and blew them all to kingdom come. 炸弹爆炸把他们全都归天了.

kingfisher
[5kiNfiFE(r); 5kiN7fiFl] n small brightly-coloured bird that dives to catch fish in rivers, etc 翠鸟, 鱼狗（羽毛鲜艳、 能在河湖上潜水捕鱼的小鸟）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page v.

kink
[kiNk; kiNk] n 1 sharp twist in sth that is normally straight, eg a wire, rope, pipe, hair, etc 扭结（如铁丝、 绳索、 管子、 毛发等）. 2 (fig usu derog 比喻, 通常作贬义) mental or moral peculiarity 乖僻; 奇想: * He's got a few kinks in his personality, if you ask me. 我认为他的个性有些怪僻. 派生： kink v [I, Tn, Tn.pr] (cause sth to) form kinks （使某物）扭结: Keep the wire stretched tight don't let it kink. 把铁丝拉紧, 别让它扭成结. kinky adj (infml derog 口, 贬) bizarre or abnormal, esp in sexual behaviour 变态的, 不正常的（尤指性行为）: There's lots of straight sex in the film, but nothing kinky. 那部影片里有不少性行为镜头, 但是没有变态的. kinkiness n [U].

kinsfolk
=> kin.

kinsman
=> kin.

kinswoman
=> kin.

kiosk
[5ki:Csk; ki'ask] n 1 small open structure where newspapers, refreshments, etc are sold （出售报纸、 饮料等的）小摊棚, 售货亭. 2 (dated 旧 Brit) public telephone box or booth 公用电话亭.

kip
[kip; kip] n [C usu sing, U 作可数名词时通常作单数, 亦作不可数名词] (Brit sl 俚) sleep 睡觉: * have a kip 睡一觉 * get some kip 睡会儿觉. 派生： kip v (-pp-) [I, Ipr, Ip] (Brit sl 俚) lie down to sleep 躺下睡觉: Could I kip here tonight? 今晚我可以在这儿睡吗? * kip down (on the floor) （在地板上）躺下睡觉 * kip out in a field 在田地里露宿.

kipper
[5kipE(r); 5kipl] n salted herring, split open and dried or smoked 腌晒或熏制的鲱鱼.

kirk
[kE:k; kEk] n (Scot 苏格兰) church 教堂: * go to (the) kirk 上教堂去.

kirsch
[kiEF; kilF] n [U] colourless liqueur made from cherries （无色的）樱桃酒.

kismet
[5kizmet, 'kis-; 5kizmet, 'kis-] n [U] (rhet 修辞) destiny; fate 命运; 天命.

kiss
[kis; kis] v [I, Tn, Tn.pr] 1 touch (sb/sth) with the lips to show affection or as a greeting 吻（某人[某物]）: * They kissed passionately when she arrived. 她一来到, 他们就热烈亲吻. * kiss the children goodnight 吻孩子向他 们道晚安 * She kissed him on the lips. 她吻了吻他的双唇. 2 (idm 习语) kiss sth goodbye/kiss goodbye to sth (sl 俚) accept the loss or failure of sth as certain 承认某事物的损失或失败已成定局: * You can kiss goodbye to a holiday this year we've no money! 今年你别指望度假了--咱们没钱! 3 (phr v) kiss sth away remove sth with kisses 吻掉某物: * Let mummy kiss your tears away, ie help you to stop crying by kissing you. 让妈妈吻去你的眼泪. 派生： kiss n 1 touch or caress given with the lips 吻: give sb a kiss 给某人一吻. 2 (idm 习语) blow a kiss => blow1. the kiss of `death (infml esp joc 口, 尤作戏谑语) apparently favourable action that makes failure certain 貌似有利却导致失败的行动: one of those polite lukewarm reviews that are the kiss of death for a commercial film 措辞温和有礼而其实是扼杀一营利影片的评论. kissable adj (approv 褒) inviting kisses 诱人亲吻的: kissable lips 撩人欲吻的唇 * Darling, you look so kissable tonight. 亲爱的, 你今晚美得诱人欲吻. kisser n (sl 俚) mouth 嘴: a punch in the kisser 在嘴上的重击. 复合： the kiss of `life mouth-to-mouth method of restoring breathing to save the life of sb injured or rescued from drowning 口对口的人工呼吸: (fig 比喻) the Government's 2 million kiss of life for the ailing cotton industry 政府为挽救气息奄奄的棉纺工业的200万英镑应急款.

kit
[kit; kit] n 1 [U] clothing and personal equipment of a soldier, etc or a traveller （士兵等或旅行者的）衣物和装备: * They marched twenty miles in full kit. 他们带着全副装备行军二十英里. 2 [C, U] equipment needed for a particular (esp sporting) activity, situation or trade 为某种活动（尤指运动）、 场合或行业用的成套用品: * a `tool-kit 一套工具 * a first-`aid kit 一套急救用品 * a re`pair kit 一套修理工具 * `shaving kit 刮脸用具 * `riding-kit 骑马装备 * `tennis kit 网球用具 * `sports kit 运动用品. 3 [C] set of parts sold together to be assembled by the purchaser 配套元件（供购买者装配的）: * a kit to build a model railway locomotive 一套火车头模型拼具 * [attrib 作定语] furniture in kit form 组合家具. 派生： kit v (-tt-) (phr v) kit sb out/up (with sth) equip sb 给某人装备: Kit this man out with everything he needs. 他需要什麽就给他什麽装备. * He was all kitted out to go skiing. 他已整装待发要去滑雪了. 复合： `kitbag n long canvas bag in which soldiers, etc carry their kit 背色; 背袋; 行李袋.

kitchen
[5kitFin; 5kitFin] n 1 room or building in which meals are cooked or prepared 厨房: * [attrib 作定语] the kitchen table 厨房用桌 * kitchen units, ie cupboards, etc forming part of a fitted kitchen 厨房设备（如厨柜等）. 2 (idm 习语) everything but the kitchen `sink (infml joc 口, 谑) every possible (movable) object 所有（能移动的）物品: * We always seem to take everything but the kitchen sink when we go on holiday. 我们度假时好像总把一切能带的东西都带着. 派生： kitchenette[7kitFi'net; 7kitFin'et] n small room or part of a room used as a kitchen, eg in a flat 小厨房; 房间里辟作厨事用的一角. 复合： ,kitchen `garden garden or part of a garden where fruit and vegetables are grown 家庭菜园; 花园中辟作种水果蔬菜的一角. ,kitchen sink `drama type of British drama that attempts to show realistic working-class family life （英国）工人阶级生活剧.

kite
[kait; kait] n 1 toy consisting of a light framework covered with paper, cloth, etc that is flown in the wind at the end of a long string 风筝. 2 bird of prey of the hawk family 鸢. 3 (idm 习语) fly a kite => fly2. fly a/one's kite => fly2. 复合： `kite-flying n [U] 1 (sport of) flying kites in the wind 放风筝（的运动）. 2 (infml 口) testing public reaction to sth by starting a rumour about it 放风声以试探舆论反应.

Kitemark
[5kaitma:k; 5kait7mark] n (Brit) official mark, in the form of a kite, on goods approved by the British Standards Institution 风筝标记（用在英国标准协会认可的商品上, 形似风筝）.

kith
[kiW; kiW] n (idm 习语) kith and kin friends and relations 亲友.

kitsch
[kitF; kitF] n [U] (derog 贬) (a) cheap and showy vulgarity or pretentiousness in art, design, etc （艺术、 设计等的）俗气、 矫饰等: * That new lamp they've bought is pure kitsch. 他们新买的那盏灯真俗气. (b) art, design, etc of this type 俗气的艺术、 设计等.

kitten
[5kitn; 5kitn] n 1 young cat 小猫. 2 (idm 习语) have `kittens (Brit infml 口) be very anxious, tense, etc 焦虑; 烦躁: * My mum'll have kittens if I'm not home by midnight. 要是半夜我还不回家, 我妈妈一定很着急. 派生： kittenish adj playful like a kitten 小猫般淘气的; 顽皮的.

kitty
1[5kiti; 5kiti] n 1 (in some card-games) pool of money to be played for （某些牌戏中的）全部赌注. 2 (infml 口) any form of money for joint use, eg the savings of a club 共同的资金（如俱乐部的储金）: * We each put 2 in the kitty, and then sent John to buy food for everybody. 我们每人凑2英镑, 让约翰去给大家买吃的.

kiwi
[5ki:wi:; 5kiwi] n 1 New Zealand bird that cannot fly, with a long bill, short wings and no tail 几维（产於新西兰的鸟, 喙长、 翼短、 无尾、 不能飞）. 2 Kiwi (infml 口) New Zealander, esp a soldier or member of a national sports team 新西兰人（尤指士兵或国家运动员）. 复合： `kiwi fruit small oval fruit with thin brown skin, soft green flesh and black seeds 猕猴桃.

KKK
[7kei kei 'kei; 7ke ke 'ke] abbr 缩写 = (US) Ku-Klux-Klan 叁K党.

klaxon
[5klAksn; 5klAksEn] n (propr 专利名) powerful electric warning horn or siren 高音电喇叭或警报器.

Kleenex
[5kli:neks; 5kli7neks] n [U, C] (pl unchanged or ~es 复数或不变或作kleenexes) (propr 专利名) (sheet of) soft paper tissue, used as a handkerchief, etc 纸巾: * a packet of Kleenex 一包纸巾.

kleptomania
[7kleptE'meiniE; 7kleptE'meniE] n [U] illness that causes an uncontrollable desire to steal things, often with no wish to possess the things stolen 偷窃狂; 盗窃癖. 派生： kleptomaniac[-niAk; -niAk] n person suffering from kleptomania 患偷窃狂者; 有盗窃癖者. adj [attrib 作定语]: * kleptomaniac tendencies 患偷窃狂的; 有盗窃癖的.

km
abbr 缩写 = (pl unchanged or kms 复数或不变或作kms) kilometre(s): a 10 km walk 步行10公里的路程 * distance to beach 2 kms 距海滨2公里.

kn
abbr 缩写 = (nautical 海) knot(s): 35 kn 35节.

knack
[nAk; nAk] n [sing] 1 skill at performing some special task; ability 技巧; 诀窍: * Making an omelette is easy once you've got the knack (of it). 一旦你掌握了煎蛋饼的技巧, 做起来就很容易了. * There's a knack in/to locking this door which takes a while to master. 锁这门要有窍门, 得用些时间才能学会. * I used to be able to skate quite well, but I've lost the knack. 我从前滑水滑得很不错, 可现在没有这本事了. 2 ~ of doing sth (often annoying) habit of doing sth （常招人厌烦的）毛病, 习惯: * My car has a knack of breaking down just when I need it most. 我的汽车总是在我最需要的时候抛锚.

knacker
1[5nAkE(r); 5nAkl] n 1 person who buys and slaughters useless horses to sell the meat and hides 购买并屠杀无用的马的人（为卖马肉和皮）. 2 person who buys and breaks up old buildings, etc to sell the materials in them 收买并拆除旧建 物等以售其材料的人. 复合： `knacker's yard knacker's place of business 上述两种人做生意的场所.

knapsack
[5nApsAk; 5nAp7sAk] n (dated 旧) = rucksack.

knave
[neiv; nev] n 1 (fml 文) = jack1 4: * the knave of hearts 红桃杰克. 2 (arch 古) dishonest man; man without honour 不诚实的人; 不名誉的人. 派生： knavery[5neivEri; 5nevEri] n [U] (arch 古) dishonesty; trickery 不诚实; 欺诈. knavish[5neiviF; 5neviF] adj (arch 古) deceitful 欺诈的. knavishly adv.

knead
[ni:d; nid] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] press and stretch (bread dough, wet clay, etc) with the hands to form a firm smooth paste 揉, 捏（面团、 湿黏土等）: * Knead the dough (into a ball) 把面团揉成球形. 2 [Tn] massage (muscles, etc) firmly to relieve tension or pain 按摩, 揉捏（肌肉等）.

knee
[ni:; ni] n 1 (a) joint between the thigh and lower part of the human leg; corresponding joint in animals 膝; 膝盖. =>illus at human 见human插图. (b) upper surface of a sitting person's thigh （人坐着时）大腿的朝上的面: * sit on my knee 坐在我的腿上 * You'll have to eat your dinner off your knees, I'm afraid! 对不起, 这顿饭你只好把餐具放在腿上吃了! 2 part of a garment covering the knee （裤子等的）膝部: * These trousers are torn at the knee. 这裤子的膝部破了. 3 (idm 习语) be/go (down) on one's `knees kneel or be kneeling (down), esp when praying or to show that one accepts defeat 跪下, 跪着（尤指祈祷或屈服时）. the bee's knees => bee1. bring sb to his `knees force sb to submit 迫使某人屈服: * (fig 比喻) The country was almost brought to its knees by the long strike. 经长期罢工, 国家已濒临崩溃的边缘. on bended knee => bend1. weak at the knees => weak. 派生： knee v (pt, pp kneed) [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.a] strike or push with the knee 用膝盖顶或撞: knee sb (in the groin) 用膝盖顶某人（的阴部） * knee the door open 用膝盖把门撞开. 复合： `knee-breeches n [pl] breeches reaching to or just below the knee （及膝或刚过膝的）短裤. `kneecap n small bone covering the front of the knee joint 髌骨; 膝盖骨. =>illus at skeleton 见skeleton插图. v (-pp-) [Tn] (of terrorist groups) lame (sb) by breaking the kneecaps, esp by shooting at them （指恐怖集团）击碎（某人）的膝盖骨（尤指枪击）. `kneecapping n [C, U] (instance of) this practice 击碎膝盖骨. ,knee-`deep adj 1 deep enough to reach the knees 深及膝的: the snow was knee-deep in places. 有些地方雪深及膝. 2 ~ in sth (fig 比喻) deeply involved in or very busy with sth 深陷其中; 忙於某事: be knee-deep in trouble, work 烦恼、 工作缠身. adv: He went knee-deep in the icy water. 他在及膝深的冰冷的水中跋涉.

knee1
,knee-`high adj 1 high enough to reach the knees 及膝高的: ,knee-high `grass 及膝高的草. 2 (idm 习语) knee-high to a `grasshopper (joc 谑) still just a very small child 还是很小的孩子: I've known him since he was knee-high to a grasshopper. 他很小的时候我就认识他了. `knee-jerk n 1 involuntary jerk of the leg when a tendon below the knee is struck 膝反射. 2 [attrib 作定语] (fig derog 比喻, 贬) done or produced automaticallyand without thought 自动的; 不经思考而做的: a knee-jerk reaction to the mention of Communism 一提共产主义就不加思索做出的反应. `knee-length adj long enough to reach the knee 长及膝部的: a knee-length skirt 长及膝部的裙子. `knees-up n (Brit infml 口) lively party, usu with dancing 活跃的集会（通常有跳舞项目）.

kneel
[ni:l; nil] v (pt, pp knelt/nelt; nelt] or esp US kneeled) =>Usage at dream 用法见dream. [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (down) go down on one or both knees; rest on the knee(s) 单膝或双膝跪下; 屈膝: * She knelt in prayer. 她跪下祈祷. * kneel down (on the grass) to examine a flower （在草地上）跪下细看一朵花.

knell
[nel; nel] n (usu sing 通常作单数) 1 sound of a bell rung slowly after a death or at a funeral 丧钟声. 2 (fig rhet 比喻, 修辞) sign that sth has ended for ever 某事物结束的徵兆: * It sounded the (death-)knell of all her hopes. 那事听起来就像是给她的一切希望敲起了丧钟.

knew
pt of know.

knick-knack
(also nick-nack)[5nik nAk; 5nik7nAk] n (esp pl 尤作复数) (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) small ornamental article, usu of little value 小饰物; 小玩意儿.

knickerbockers
[5nikEbCkEz; 5nikl7baklz] (US knickers[5nikEz; 5nikAz] ) n [pl] (esp formerly) loose wide breeches gathered just below the knee （尤指旧时）灯笼裤.

knickers
[5nikEz; 5niklz] n [pl] 1 (Brit) woman's or girl's underpants （女用）内裤: * a pair of knickers 一条女用内裤. 2 (US) = knickerbockers. 3 (idm 习语) get one's `knickers in a twist (Brit sl 俚) become angry, confused, nervous, etc; react to sth more strongly than is necessary 恼火、 困惑、 紧张等; 对某事物反应过激.

knife
[naif; naif] n (pl knives/naivz; naivz] ) 1 sharp blade with a handle, used for cutting or as a weapon 刀: * a `table-knife 餐刀 * a `carving-knife 切熟肉的刀 * a `paper-knife 裁纸刀 * He'd been stabbed four times with a kitchen knife. 有人用菜刀捅了他四刀. 2 cutting blade in a machine or tool （机器或工具的）刀. 3 (idm 习语) you could ,cut it with a `knife (infml 口) it was very obvious or heavy 很明显; 很突出; 浓重: * His accent is so thick you could cut it with a knife I can hardly understand a word he says. 他的口音很重--我简直一个字都听不懂. get one's knife into sb/have one's knife in sb try to harm sb spitefully (not usu physically) 欲加害某人（通常指非肉体的伤害）. like a knife through butter easily; without meeting any resistance or difficulty 容易; 遇不到抵抗或困难: * The power saw sliced the logs like a knife through butter. 电锯轻而易举就把原木锯成薄板了. * His strong voice cut through the hum of conversation like a knife through butter. 他那宏亮 有力的声音一下子压倒了嗡嗡的谈话声. under the `knife (dated or joc 旧或谑) having surgery 在动手术. 派生： knife v [Tn, Tn.pr] cut or stab (sb) with a knife 用刀切割或刺（某人）: The victim had been knifed (in the chest). 受害人（於胸部）中刀. 复合： `knife-edge n (usu sing 通常作单数) 1 cutting edge of the blade of a knife 刀刃. 2 (idm 习语) on a knife-edge (a) (of a person) nervous (about the outcome of sth) （指人）（对某事物的结果）十分焦虑: He's on a knife-edge about his exam results. 他对考试成绩十分担心. (b) (of a situation, etc) at a critical point （指情况等）处於紧要关头: The success of the project is still very much on a knife-edge. 这一项目的成败目前仍处於关键时刻.

knight
[nait; nait] n 1 (abbr 缩写 Kt) man to whom the sovereign has given a rank of honour, lower than that of baronet, having the title `Sir' used before the first name, with or without the surname 爵士（低於准男爵的等级, 其名前冠以Sir, 带不带姓均可）: * Sir James Hill (Kt) 詹姆斯．希尔爵士 * Good morning, Sir James. 早上好, 詹姆斯爵士. 2 (in the Middle Ages) man raised to honourable military rank, serving as a heavily armed horseman （中古时代的）骑士. 3 (abbr 缩写 Kt) chess piece, usu shaped like a horse's head （国际象棋的）马. =>illus at chess 见chess插图. 派生： knight v [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] make (sb) a knight 封（某人）为爵士: He was knighted in the last Honours List (for services to industry). 他对工业界有贡献被封为爵士, 列入最新受勋者名册. knighthood[-hud; -hud] n 1 [C] title and rank of a knight 爵士或骑士的称号和身分: * The Queen conferred a knighthood on him. 女王授予他爵士称号. 2 [U] rank, character or dignity of a knight 爵士或骑士的身分、 品德或尊严: * Knighthood was an ideal in medieval Europe. 在中世纪的欧洲, 能获封爵士即是登峰造极了. knightly adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (fml 文) of or like a knight; chivalrous （似）骑士或爵士的; 侠义的: knightly qualities, virtues, etc 骑士的气概、 美德等. 复合： ,knight `errant (pl knights errant) medieval knight who wandered in search of adventure （中世纪的）游侠骑士.

knit
[nit; nit] v (-tt-, pt, pp knitted; in sense 3, usu 用於下述第叁义时通常作knit) 1 [I, Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (for sb) make (a garment or fabric) by forming wool, silk, etc yarn into connecting loops, either by hand (using long needles) or on a machine 编织, 针织（衣物等）: * Do you know how to knit? 你会织毛活儿吗? * She knitted her son a sweater. 她给儿子织了一件毛衣. 2 [I, Tn] (in knitting instructions) make a plain (ie not a purl) stitch （编织法中）织（平针）: * knit one, purl one 织一正针、 一反针. 3 [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (together) (cause sth to) join or grow firmly together （使某物）连接或牢固地长在一起: * The broken bones have knit (together) well. 断骨已愈合良好. * a well-knit frame, ie a compact sturdy body 结实的体格 * (fig 比喻) a closely-knit argument 严密的论据 * (fig 比喻) The two groups are knit together by common interests. 这两集团因有共同利益而联合在一起. 4 (idm 习语) knit one's `brow(s) frown 皱眉. 派生： knitter n person who knits 编织者. knitting n [U] material that is being knitted 编织物: Oh dear, I've left my knitting on the bus! 哎呀, 我把毛活儿落在公共汽车上了! `knitting-machine n machine that knits 编织机; 针织机. `knitting-needle n long thin pointed rod used esp in pairs for knitting by hand 织针; （尤指）编结针. 复合： `knitwear n [U] knitted garments 针织衣服: [attrib 作定语] a knitwear factory 针织厂.

knob
[nCb; nab] n 1 (a) round handle (of a door, drawer, etc) （门、 抽屉等的）圆形拉手. (b) round control button (for adjusting a radio, TV, etc) （收音机、 电视机等的）旋钮. 2 round lump on the surface of sth, eg a tree trunk 结节, 瘤, 疙瘩（如树干上的）. 3 small lump (of butter, coal, etc) （黄油、 煤等的）小块. 4 (idm 习语) with knobs on (Brit sl 俚) (used to indicate the return of an insult, or emphatic agreement 用以表示反唇相讥或强调同意): * `You're a selfish pig!’ `And the same to you, with knobs on!’ ‘自私鬼!’‘你才是呢, 你是双料的!’

knobbly
[5nCbli; 5nabli] adj having many small hard lumps on 多结节的; 多疙瘩的: * knobbly knees 长着很多结节的膝盖.

knock
1[nCk; nak] n 1 (sound of a) sharp blow 短促的敲或打（的声音）: * Did I hear a knock at the door? 是有人敲门吗? * If you're not up by eight o'clock I'll give you a knock, ie wake you by knocking at your door. 要是八点钟你还不起床, 我就来敲你的门. * She fell off her bike and got a nasty knock. 她从自行车上摔下来, 摔得很重. * In football you have to get used to hard knocks. 踢足球就得经得起碰撞. 2 (in an engine) sound of knocking (knock2 2) （发动机的）爆震声: * What's that knock I can hear? 我听到发动机有爆震声是怎麽回事啊? 3 (infml 口) (in cricket) innings （板球的）一局: * That was a good knock: * 86 not out. 那局真漂亮, 打了86分还未出局. 4 (idm 习语) take a `knock (infml 口) suffer a financial or an emotional blow 蒙受经济或感情上的打击: * She took a bad knock when her husband died. 她丈夫一死她受到沉重的打击.

knocker
[5nCkE(r); 5nakl] n 1 [C] hinged metal hammer attached to a door, used for knocking by sb outside who wants the door to be opened 门环. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page vi. 2 [C] (infml 口) person who constantly criticizes 一味批评的人; 吹毛求疵的人. 3 knockers [pl] ( Brit sl sexist 讳, 俚, 性别偏见) woman's breasts 女子的乳房: * a nice pair of knockers 一对漂亮的乳房.

knoll
[nEul; nol] n small round hill or mound 小圆丘; 小土墩.

know
[nEu; no] v (pt knew/nju:; - nu:; nu] , pp known/nEun; non] ) 1 (a) [I, Tn, Tf, Tw, Tt, Cn.t] have (sth) in one's mind or memory as a result of experience or learning or information 知道, 懂得, 了解（某事物）: * I'm not guessing I know! 我不是猜想--我知道! * She doesn't know your address. 她不知道你的地址. * Every child knows (that) two and two make four. 孩子都知道二加二等於四. * I knew where he was hiding. 我知道他躲在什麽地方. * Do you know who Napoleon was? 你知道拿破仑是谁吗? * Does he know to come here (ie that he should come here) first? 他知道要先到这里来吗? * We knew her to be honest. 我们知道她很诚实. (b) [Tnt, Tni] (only in the past and perfect tenses 只用於过去时态和完成时态) have seen, heard, etc 见过、 听过等: * I've never known it (to) snow in July before. 我从未听说过有七月下雪的事. * He's sometimes been known to sit there all day. 有时能见到他整天坐在那里. 2 [Tf] feel certain 确知; 确信: * I know (that) it's here somewhere it must be! 我肯定是在这里的什麽地方--没错! 3 (a) [Tn] be acquainted with (sb) 认识（某人）: * Do you know Bob Hill? ie Have you met him, talked with him, etc? 你认识鲍勃．希尔吗? * I know him by sight, but not to talk to, ie I have seen him but never spoken to him. 我见过他, 但没跟他说过话. * We've known each other since we were children. 我们从小就认识. (b) [Tn, Cn.n/a] ~ sth (as sth) be familiar with (a place) 熟悉（某地）: * I know Paris better than Rome. 我对巴黎比对罗马熟悉. * I know London as the place where I spent my childhood. 我熟悉伦敦, 那是我度过童年的地方. 4 [Cn.n/a often passive 常用於被动语态] ~ sb/sth as sth regard sb/sth as (being) sth 认定某人[某事物]为某事物: * It's known as the most dangerous part of the city. 那地方都知道是市内最危险的地段.

know1
* We know John Smith as a fine lawyer and a good friend. 我们认为约翰．史密斯是一位很好的律师和朋友. 5 [Cn.n/a usu passive 通常用於被动语态] ~ sb/sth as sth call, nickname or label sb/sth as sth 将某人[某事物]称为、 起绰号叫作或标明为某事物: * a heavyweight boxer known as `The Greatest' 一名被称为‘大力士’的重量级拳击手 * This area is known as the `Cornish Riviera'. 这地区称为‘康沃尔郡度假胜地’. 6 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (from sb/sth) be able to distinguish (one person or thing) from another; recognize 能区分, 辨别, 认出（人或物）: * She knows a bargain when she sees one. 她有辨别便宜货的能力. * know right from wrong 分辨是非 * I met so many people at the party that I wouldn't know half of them again. 我在聚会上见到很多人, 再见到连一半也未必能认出. 7 [Tn, Tw] understand and be able to use (a language, skill, etc) 会, 掌握（某语言、 技巧等）: * know Japanese 会日语 * know how to swim 会游泳. 8 [Tn] have personal experience of (sth) 有（某事物）的亲身经历或体验: * a man who has known both poverty and riches 经历过贫富生活的男子. 9 (idm 习语) be,fore one ,knows where one `is very quickly or suddenly 迅速地; 突然地: * We were whisked off in a taxi before we knew where we were. 我们还未明白是在哪里, 就被计程车载走了. be known to sb be familiar to sb 为某人所熟知: * He's known to the police, ie has a criminal record. 警方很熟悉他（曾犯案）. better the devil you know => better2.for all one knows considering how little one knows 据自己所知; 说不定: * For all I know he could be dead. 说不定他已经死了. for reasons/some reason best known to oneself => reason. God/goodness/Heaven knows (a) I don't know 我不知道: * God knows what's happened to them. 谁知道他们怎麽了.

know2
(b) certainly; emphatically 确实; 的确: * She ought to succeed; goodness knows she tries hard enough. 她应能成功, 她确实够努力的. have/know all the answers (infml esp derog 口, 尤作贬义) (seem to) be cleverer and better-informed than other people （好像）什麽都知道; 比别人精明. have/know sth off pat => pat1. know sth as well as `I/`you do understand sth perfectly well 对某事物很清楚: * You know as well as I do that you're being unreasonable. 你很清楚你不讲理. know sth `backwards (infml 口) be thoroughly familiar with sth 极熟悉某事物: * You've read that book so many times you must know it backwards by now! 那本书你读了很多遍, 现在一定能倒背如流了! know `best know what should be done, etc better than other people 最知就里; 最在行: * The doctor told you to stay in bed, and he knows best. 医生叫你卧床休息, 他最清楚. know better (than that/than to do sth) be wise or sensible (enough not to do it) 明白事理而不至於（做某事）: * You ought to know better (than to trust her). 你应当明白（她这人不能相信）. know sb by sight recognize who sb is without knowing him as a personal friend 面熟. know `different/`otherwise (infml 口) have information or evidence to the contrary 知道相反的情况; 有证据表明情况相反: * He says he was at the cinema, but I know different. 他说他那时在看电影, 可是我知道不是那麽回事. know how many beans make five be shrewd and sensible in practical matters 精明; 在行. know sth inside `out/like the back of one's `hand (infml 口) be thoroughly familiar with a place, subject, etc 了如指掌; 了解透彻: * He's a taxi driver, so he knows London like the back of his hand. 他是计程车司机, 对伦敦市的街道了如指掌. know no `bounds (fml 文) be very great or too great 无限: *

know3
* When she heard the news her fury knew no bounds. 她听到这个消息, 顿时怒不可遏. know one's `onions/`stuff (infml 口) be good at one's work, etc 了解本行; 精通业务. know one's own `mind know what one wants or intends 有自己的想法; 有决断. know the `score (infml 口) understand the true state of affairs 知道事情真相; 深通世故. know a thing or two (about sb/sth) (infml 口) know a lot (about sb/sth) （对某人[某事物]）很了解: * She's been married five times, so she should know a thing or two about men. 她已结过五次婚, 对男人应有所了解了. know sb through and `through understand sb perfectly 完全了解某人. know one's way around be familiar with a place, subject, procedure, etc; be capable and well-informed 熟悉某处、 某事、 手续等; 有阅历; 了解情况. know what it is/what it's like (to be/do sth) have personal experience (of being/doing sth) 有做某事物的经历: * Many famous people have known what it is to be poor. 很多名人都领略过贫穷是什麽滋味. know what one's `talking about (infml 口) speak from experience 作经验谈. know what's `what (infml 口) understand the important facts, rules of behaviour, etc in a particular situation 内行; 精明; 有头脑: * You're old enough now to know what's what. 你已经不小了, 应该知道好歹了. know which side one's `bread is buttered (infml saying 口, 谚) know where one's interests lie or what will be to one's advantage 知道自己利益所在; 善於为个人打算. let sb `know inform sb about sth 让某人知道某事物: * I don't know if I can come yet, but I'll let you know tomorrow. 我说不上是否能来, 可是我明天能告诉你. make oneself known to sb introduce oneself to sb 向某人作自我介绍: * There's our host; you'd better make yourself known to him. 那位是我们的主人, 你最好向他自我介绍一下. not know any `better not behave well, through lack of experience, bad upbringing, etc （因无教养或无经验）表现不好:

know4
* Don't blame the children for their bad manners they don't know any better. 不要责怪孩子们没规矩--他们还不懂. not know one's ,arse from one's `elbow ( sl derog 讳, 俚, 贬) be totally ignorant, stupid or inefficient 一窍不通; 愚蠢; 无能. not know the first thing about sb/sth/doing sth know nothing at all about sb/sth/doing sth 对某人[某事物]一无所知: * I'm afraid I don't know the first thing about gardening. 很遗憾, 我对园艺一无所知. not know sb from `Adam (infml 口) not know at all who sb is 完全不认识某人. not know what `hit one (a) be suddenly injured or killed 突遭伤害; 突受杀害: * The bus was moving so fast she never knew what hit her. 公共汽车开得很快, 突然把她撞了. (b) (infml fig 口, 比喻) be amazed or confused 大为惊奇; 迷惑不解: * The first time I heard their music I didn't know what had hit me. 我初次听他们的音乐时大为惊奇. not know where/which way to look (infml 口) be embarrassed, awkwardly self-conscious, etc 尴尬; 难堪; 难为情: * When he started undressing in public I didn't know where to look. 他在大庭广众之下脱衣服, 我感到很难为情. not want to know => want1. old enough to know better => old. show sb/know/learn the ropes => rope. see/know better days => better1. tell/know A and B apart => apart. that's what I'd like to know => like2. there's no `knowing it's difficult or impossible to know 难以逆料; 无法知道: * There's absolutely no knowing how he'll react. 他怎样反应很难逆料. (well) what do you `know (about `that)? (infml 口 esp US) (used to express surprise on hearing news, etc 用以表示听到消息等时感到惊讶) you know (infml 口) (a) (used when reminding sb of sth 用以提醒某人): * Guess who I've just seen? Marcia! You know Jim's ex-wife! 你猜刚才我看见谁了? 玛西娅! 你知道吗, 就是吉姆的前妻呀!

know5
(b) (used as an almost meaningless expression when the speaker is thinking what to say next 用於说话时思索中作口头语, 无甚意义): * `I was feeling a bit bored, you know, and so...’ ‘我当时有点厌烦了, 你知道吗, 所以...’ you know something/what? (infml 口) (used to introduce an item of news, expression of opinion, etc 用以提到一项新消息、 表达看法等): * You know something? Cathy and Tim are engaged. 你听说了吗? 卡西和蒂姆订婚了. you never know you cannot be certain 很难说; 事难逆料: * `It's sure to rain tomorrow.’ `Oh, you never know, it could be a lovely day.’ ‘明天准下雨.’‘哦, 很难说, 也可能是个好天.’ * You should keep those old jam jars you never know when you might need them. 这些旧果酱瓶子应当留一留, 说不定什麽时候会用得着. 10 (phr v) know about sth have knowledge of sth; be aware of sth 了解或知道某事物: * Not much is known about his background. 他的背景所知不多. * Do you know about Jack getting arrested? 你知道杰克遭逮捕了吗? know of sb/sth have information about or experience of sb/sth 知道某人[某事物]的情况: * `Isn't tomorrow a holiday?’ `Not that I know of (ie Not as far as I am aware).’ ‘明天是假日吧?’‘据我所知不是.’ * Do you know of any way to stop a person snoring? 你知道有什麽方法可以制止打呼噜吗? * I don't know him personally, though I know `of him. 我并不认识他, 但我听说过他. 派生： know n (idm 习语) in the `know (infml 口) (of a person) having information not possessed by others; well informed （指人）知情的, 消息灵通的. 复合： `know-all n (infml derog 口, 贬) person who behaves as if he knows everything 自以为无所不知的人: one of those young know-alls fresh from university 大学刚毕业的一个小小的万事通. `know-how n [U] (infml 口) practical (contrasted with theoretical) knowledge or skill in an activity 实践知识或技术; 本事; 技能.

knowing
[5nEuiN; 5noiN] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] 1 showing or suggesting that one has information which is secret or not known to others （对别人不知道的秘密）知悉的, 心照不宣的: * a knowing look, glance, expression, etc 显出了解内情的样子、 眼光、 表情等. 2 shrewd; cunning 世故的; 狡猾的: * She's a bit too knowing for me to feel relaxed with her. 她很有点世故, 和她相处我觉得不自在. 派生： knowingly adv 1 intentionally 故意地; 蓄意地: It appears that what I said was untrue, but I did not knowingly lie to you. 看来我说错了, 但是我并非故意向你撒谎. 2 in a knowing(1) manner 知悉地; 心照不宣地: He winked at her knowingly. 他会心地向她眨了眨眼.

knowledge
[5nClidV; 5nalidV] n 1 [U] understanding 了解; 理解: * A baby has no knowledge of good and evil. 小孩儿不解善恶. 2 [U, sing] all that a person knows; familiarity gained by experience 个人的知识; 见闻: * I have only (a) limited knowledge of computers. 我的计算机知识很有限. * My knowledge of French is poor. 我不太懂法语. 3 [U] everything that is known; organized body of information 学问; 学识; 知识: * all branches of knowledge 各门学问 * the sum of human knowledge on this subject 人类对这一学科的知识总和. 4 (idm 习语)be common/public knowledge be known by everyonein a community or group 人所共知: * It's pointless trying to keep your friendship secret it's common knowledge already. 你们无谓将友情保密--其实已尽人皆知了. come to sb's `knowledge (fml 文) become known by sb 被某人知悉: * It has come to our knowledge that you have been cheating the company. 据我们了解你一直欺骗公司. to one's `knowledge (a) as far as one knows 据自己所知: * To my knowledge, she has never been late before. 据我所知, 她从未迟到过. (b) as one knows to be true 确知属实: * That is impossible, because to my (certain) knowledge he was in France at the time. 那不可能, 因为我（确实）知道那时他在法国. to the best of one's belief/knowledge => best3. with/without sb's `knowledge having/not having informed sb 告知[未告知]某人: * He sold the car without his wife's knowledge. 他瞒着妻子把汽车卖了. 派生： knowledgeable[-Ebl; -Ebl] adj ~ (about sth) well-informed 消息灵通的; 在行的: * She's very knowledgeable about art. 她对艺术十分在行. knowledgeably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv: * speak knowledgeably on the subject 对这学科谈得头头是道.

knuckle
[5nQkl; 5nQkl] n 1 bone at the finger-joint 指节; 指关节: * graze/skin one's knuckles 擦破指关节. =>illus at hand 见hand插图. 2 (of animals) knee-joint, or the part joining the leg to the foot, esp as a joint of meat （指动物）膝关节, 踝; （尤指食用的）肘: * pig's knuckles 猪肘. 3 (idm 习语) a rap on/over the knuckles => rap1.near the `knuckle (infml 口) on the borderline of indecency and therefore likely to offend 近乎下流; 猥亵: * Some of his jokes are a bit too near the knuckle for my taste. 我觉得他有的笑话已近乎淫亵了. 派生： knuckle v (phr v) knuckle down (to sth) (infml 口) begin to work seriously (at sth) 开始认真工作: If you want to pass that exam, you'll have to knuckle down (to some hard work). 你要想考试及格, 就得开始下功夫（苦干）了. knuckle under (infml 口) accept or admit defeat; surrender 屈服; 认输; 投降. 复合： `knuckleduster n (US brass `knuckles) metal cover worn over the knuckles to increase the injury caused by a blow with the fist 戴在指关节上的金属套（打人时加重损伤）. `knucklehead n (infml derog 口, 贬) fool 笨蛋; 傻瓜.

KO
[7kei 'Eu; 7ke 'o] abbr 缩写 = (infml 口) knock-out (esp in boxing) 击倒（尤为拳击用语）: * He was KO'd (ie knocked out) in the second round. 他在第二回合中被击倒.

koala
[kEu'a:lE; ko'alE] n (also koala bear) Australian tree-climbing mammal with thick grey fur, large ears and no tail 树袋熊（产於澳洲的树栖哺乳动物, 毛密、 色灰、 耳大、 无尾）.

kobo
[5kCbEu; 5kobo] n (pl unchanged 复数不变) unit of money in Nigeria; 100th part of a naira 考包（尼日利亚辅币名, 100考包= 1奈拉）.

kohl
[kEul; kol] n [U] cosmetic powder used in the East to darken the eyelids 眼睑粉（东方妇女的化妆品）.

kohlrabi
[7kEul'ra:bi; 5kol7rabi] n [C, U] cabbage with an edible turnip-shaped stem 球茎甘蓝（可供食用）.

kola
= cola.

kook
[ku:k; kuk] n (US derog sl 贬, 俚) peculiar, eccentric or crazy person 怪人; 狂人. > kooky adj.

kookaburra
[5kukEbQrE; 5kukE7bQrE] n (also laughing jackass) Australian giant kingfisher 笑翠鸟（产於澳洲）.

kopeck
(also kopek) = copeck.

koppie
(also kopje)[5kCpi; 5kapi] n (in S Africa) small hill （南非的）小山.

Koran
[kE'ra:n; - -'rAn; kE'rAn] n the Koran [sing] sacred book of the Muslims, written in Arabic, containing the revelations of the Prophet Muhammad 《古兰经》, 《可兰经》（伊斯兰教经典）. > Koranic/ kE5rnIk; kE`rAnIk/ adj.

kosher
[5kEuFE(r); 5koFl] adj 1 (of food, food shops, etc) fulfilling the requirements of Jewish dietary law （指食物、 饮食店等）合礼的（符合犹太教规戒律的）: * a kosher butcher's, restaurant, meal 合礼的肉店、 餐馆、 饭食. 2 (infml 口) genuine or legitimate 真正的; 合法的: * the real kosher article, not just any old rubbish 真正的正品, 并不是什麽旧的破烂货 * something not quite kosher about the way he made his money 他的钱来路不大正.

koumiss
= kumis.

kowtow
[7kau'tau; kau'tau] v [I, Ipr] ~ (to sb/sth) be submissive, humble or respectful (to sb/sth) （向某人[某事物]）叩头, 磕头, 臣服: * a refusal to kowtow (to the government's wishes on this issue) 拒绝屈从（於政府对这一问题的意旨）.

kph
[7kei pi: 'eitF; 7ke pi 'etF] abbr 缩写 = kilometres per hour 千米/小时; 公里/小时. Cf 参看 mph.

kraal
[kra:l; - krC:l; krCl] n (in S Africa 用於南非) 1 village of huts enclosed by a fence 用栅栏围起来的茅舍村庄. 2 enclosure for cattle, sheep, etc 家畜栏.

kremlin
[5kremlin; 5kremlin] n 1 [C] citadel within a Russian town （俄国的）城堡. 2 the Kremlin (a) [Gp] government of the former USSR 前苏联政府. (b) [sing] the citadel of Moscow 克里姆林宫.

krill
[kril; kril] n [pl v] mass of tiny shellfish eaten by whales （鲸鱼吞食的）磷虾群.

kris
[kri:s; kris] n Malay or Indonesian dagger （马来亚或印度尼西亚的）波形刃短剑.

krona
[5krEunE; 5kronE] n 1 (pl -nor[-nE(r); -nEr] ) unit of money in Sweden 克朗（瑞典的货币单位）. 2 (pl -nur[-nE(r); -nEr] ) unit of money in Iceland 克朗（冰岛的货币单位）.

krone
[5krEunE; 5krone] n (pl -ner[-nE(r); -nEr] ) unit of money in Denmark and Norway 克朗（丹麦和挪威的货币单位）.

krugerrand
[5kru:gErAnd; 5krugE7rAnd] n South African gold coin weighing one ounce 克鲁格金币（南非金币重一盎司）.

krypton
[5kriptCn; 5krip7tan] n [U] chemical element, an inert colourless and odourless gas 氪. =>App 10 见附录10.

Kt
abbr 缩写 = Knight: Sir James Bailey Kt 詹姆斯．贝利爵士.

Ku
Klux-Klan

kudos
[5kju:dCs; - 'ku:-; 5kudas] n [U] (infml 口) honour and glory; credit1(2) 荣誉; 光荣; 赞誉: * She did most of the work but all the kudos went to him. 工作大部分是她做的, 可是荣誉都归他了.

kukri
[5kukri; 5kukri] n type of curved knife used by Gurkhas （廓尔喀人用的）弯刀.

kumis
(also kumiss, koumiss)[5ku:mis; 5kumis] n [U] drink made from fermented mare's milk by certain Central Asian peoples 乳酒（中亚某些民族用马乳酿制的酒）.

kummel
[5kumEl; 5kiml] n [U] sweet liqueur flavoured with cumin and caraway seeds （用莳萝和葛缕子调味的）烈性甜酒.

kumquat
[5kQmkwCt; 5kQm7kwat] n plum-sized fruit similar to an orange 金橘.

kung fu
[7kuN 'fu, also 'kQN; 7kuN'fu] n [U] Chinese form of unarmed combat similar to karate （中国武术中的）徒手功夫.

kvass
[kvAs; kvAs] n [U] type of weak beer made in Russia 克瓦斯淡啤酒（俄罗斯制）.

kW
(also kw) abbr 缩写 = kilowatt(s): a 2 kW electric heater 功率2千瓦的电热器.

kwashiorkor
[kwAFi'C:kC:(r); 7kwaFi'CrkCr] n [U] severetropical disease of children whose diet does not contain enough protein 夸希奥科, 蛋白质营养不良（热带严重儿科病）.

kwela
[5kweilE; 5kwelE] n [U] kind of S African jazz music 南非的一种爵士乐.

kybosh
(also kibosh)[5kaibCF; 5kaibaF] n (idm 习语) put the kybosh on sb/sth (sl 俚) prevent sb/sth from continuing; stop sb/sth 止住某人[某事物]; 使某人[某事物]停止:: * When he broke his leg it put the kybosh on his holiday. 他摔坏了腿, 度假只好中止.

L
plate

L, l
[ el; Zl/ (pl L's, l's/elz; elz] ) n the twelfth letter of the English alphabet 英语字母表的第十二个字母: * `London' begins with (an) L/`L'. London一字以L字母开始.

L/Cpl
abbr 缩写 = Lance-Corporal: L/Cpl (Colin) Small （科林．）斯莫尔准下士.

la
di-da

laager
[5la:gE(r); 5lagl] n (S African 南非) 1 (formerly) camp inside a circle of wagons （旧时） 大车围成的营地. 2 (fig 比喻) defensive position 防御阵地: * retreat into the laager 退至防御阵地.

lab
[lAb; lAb] n (infml 口) laboratory 实验室: * I'll meet you outside the science lab. 我在科学实验室外面见你. * [attrib 作定语] a lab coat, ie one worn to protect clothes in a laboratory 实验室用罩衫.

label
[5leibl; 5lebl] n 1 piece of paper, cloth, metal, etc on or beside an object and describing its nature, name, owner, destination, etc 标签; 标记: * put a label on a piece of clothing, a specimen, one's luggage 在衣物、 样品、 自己的行李上加标记 * I read the information on the label before deciding which jam to buy. 我先看果酱标签上的说明再决定买哪种. 2 (fig 比喻) descriptive word or phrase applied to a person, group, etc （用以描述人、 组织等的）称号, 外号, 绰号: * hang, stick, slap, etc a label on sb/sth 给某人[某事物]加称号、 取别名、 起外号 * A reviewer called her first novel `super-romantic' and the label has stuck. 有个评论家把她的处女作称为‘超级浪漫小说’, 这个美称就叫开了. 派生： label v (-ll-; US -l-) 1 [Tn] put a label or labels on (sth) 给（某事物）加标签或标记: a machine for labelling wine bottles 给酒瓶加标签的机器. 2 [Tn, Cn.n, Cn.n/a] ~ sb/sth as sth (fig 比喻) describe or classify sb/sth 描述某人[某事物]; 将某人[某事物]归类: His work is difficult to label accurately. 他的工作很难准确归类. * She is usually labelled (as) an Impressionist. 人们通常把她称为印象派艺术家.

labia
[5leibiE; 5lebiE] n [pl] lip-shaped folds of the female genitals 阴唇.

labial
[5leibiEl; 5lebiEl] adj 1 of the lips 唇的. 2 (phonetics 语音) made with the lips 唇音的: * labial sounds, eg / m, p, v/ 唇音（如/ m/、 /p/、 /v/）. 派生： labial n (phonetics 语音) sound made with the lips 唇音.

labiate
[5leibieit; 5lebi7et] n, adj (botany 植) (plant) with a corolla or calyx divided into two parts that look like lips 唇形科的（植物）.

laboratory
[lE'bCrEtri; - 'lAbrEtC:ri; 5lAbrE7tCri] n room or building used for (esp scientific) research, experiments, testing, etc 实验室.

laborious
[lE'bC:riEs; lE'bCriEs] adj 1 (of work, etc) needing much effort （指工作等）艰苦的, 费力的: * a laborious task 艰苦的工作. 2 showing signs of greateffort; not fluent or natural 吃力的; 不流畅的; 不自然的: * a laborious style of writing 艰涩的文体. Cf 参看 laboured (labour2). > laboriously adv. laboriousness n [U].

labour
1 (US labor)[5leibE(r); 5lebl] n 1 [U] physicalor mental work （体力或脑力）劳动: * manual labour 手工劳动 * Workers are paid for their labour. 工作的人按劳获得报酬. 2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] task; piece of work 任务; 工作: * tired after one's labours 工作後感到疲劳. =>Usage at work1 用法见work1. 3 [U] workers as a group or class, esp as contrasted with capital, management, etc 劳动阶级; 劳工: * skilled/unskilled labour 熟练工人[非熟练工人] * [attrib 作定语] labour relations, ie between workers and employers 劳资关系 * labour leaders, ie trade union leaders 工会领导人. 4 [U, sing] contractions of the womb during the process of childbirth （分娩时的）阵痛, 阵痛期: * begin, go into, be in labour 开始、 进入、 处於阵痛期 * She had a difficult labour. 她难产. * [attrib 作定语] a labour ward, ie a set of rooms in a hospital for childbirth 产房. 5 Labour (abbr 缩写 Lab) (Brit politics 政) [Gp] the Labour Party 工党: * [attrib 作定语] the Labour vote 工党选票 * Labour supporters 工党拥护者. 6 (idm 习语) a ,labour of `Hercules task needing great strength or effort 极艰巨的工作. a ,labour of `love task done out of enthusiasm or devotion, not from necessity or for profit 为爱好而做的工作. 复合： `labor union (US) = trade union (trade). `labour camp prison camp with physical labour as a punishment 劳动营; 劳改营. `Labour Day (US Labor Day) public holiday in honour of workers (1 May; in US the first Monday in September) 劳动节（五月一日）; 劳工节（在美国为九月的第一个星期一）. `Labour Exchange (dated 旧 Brit) = jobcentre (job). ,labour-in`tensive adj (of an industrial process, etc) needing to employ many people （指工业生产方法等）劳动密集型的. Cf 参看 the capital-intensive (capital2). the `Labour Party (Brit politics 政) one of the major political parties in Britain, representing esp the interests of workers 工党（英国主要政党之一, 主要代表工人利益）. Cf 参看 the Conservative Party

labour1
(conservative), the Liberal Democrats (liberal). `labour-saving adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] designed to reduce the amount of work or effort needed to do sth 省力的; 节省劳力的: labour-saving devices, eg a lawn-mower, a washing-machine 节省劳力的机械（如刈草机、 洗衣机）.

laburnum
[lE'bE:nEm; lE'bEnEm] n [C, U] small ornamental tree with hanging clusters of yellow flowers 金链花（观赏植物, 株小, 总状花序下垂, 呈黄色）.

labyrinth
[5lAbErinW; 5lAbE7rinW] n complicated network of winding passages, paths, etc through which it is difficult to find one's way 迷宫: * The old building was a labyrinth of dark corridors. 那古老建 是一座长廊纵横光线昏暗的迷宫. * (fig 比喻) go through a real labyrinth of procedures to get a residence permit 为获得居住许可证履行繁琐的手续. Cf 参看 maze. > labyrinthine/ 9lbE5rInWaIn; US -WIn; 9lAbE`rInWIn/ adj.

lace
[leis; les] n 1 [U] delicate fabric with an ornamental openwork design of threads 透孔织品; 网眼花边: * a wedding dress made of lace 透孔婚纱礼服 * [attrib 作定语] lace curtains 网眼纱 . =>illus 见插图. 2 [C] string or cord threaded through holes or hooks in shoes, etc to pull and hold two edges together 鞋带; 系带: * a pair of `shoe-laces 一副鞋带 * a broken lace 一条断的带子. =>illus at shoe 见shoe插图. 派生： lace v 1 [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (up) fasten (sth) with laces 用系带系牢（某物）: a blouse that laces (up) at the front 前襟系带的女衬衫 * lace (up) one's shoes 系鞋带. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) flavour or strengthen (a drink) with a small amount of spirits 在（饮料）中加入少量烈性酒: a glass of milk laced with rum 一杯掺了朗姆酒的奶 * My drink has been laced. 我的饮料中已加过酒了. 3 (phr v) lace into sb (infml 口) attack sb physically or with words 打、 攻击或抨击某人. 复合： `lace-ups n [pl] shoes that are fastened with laces 系带的鞋: She has to wear lace-ups at school. 她上学得穿系带的鞋.

lacerate
[5lAsEreit; 5lAsE7ret] v [Tn] 1 injure (flesh) by tearing 撕伤（肌肉）: * The sharp stones lacerated his feet. 尖石把他的脚划伤了. 2 (fig fml 比喻, 文) hurt (the feelings) 伤害（感情）. 派生： laceration[7lAsE'reiFn; 7lAsE'reFEn] n (a) [U] tearing of the flesh （肌肉的）撕裂, 划破. (b) [C] injury caused by this 破口; 裂伤: * facial lacerations 脸部撕裂的伤口.

lachrymal
[5lAkriml; 5lAkrEml] adj [attrib 作定语] (anatomy 解) producing or concerned with tears or weeping 生泪的; 眼泪的; 哭泣的: * lachrymal glands, ducts, etc 泪腺, 泪管.

lachrymose
[5lAkrimEus; 5lAkrE7mos] adj (fml 文) in the habit of weeping; tearful; mournful 爱哭的; 含泪的; 哀痛的: * a lachrymose disposition 生性爱哭.

lack
[lAk; lAk] v 1 [Tn no passive 不用於被动语态] be without (sth); have less than enough of 没有（某事物）; 缺乏; 缺少; 不足: * lack creativity, self-discipline, courage 缺乏创造性、 自制力、 勇气 * They lacked the money to send him to university. 他们没钱送他上大学. * What he lacks in experience he makes up for in enthusiasm. 他热心工作以弥补其经验的不足. 2 [Ipr no passive 不用於被动语态] ~ for sth (fml 文) need sth 需耍某事物: * They lacked for nothing, ie had everything they wanted. 他们无所需求（已应有尽有）. 3 (idm 习语) be `lacking not be available when needed 不敷所需: * Money for the project is still lacking. 进行这个项目的钱还没有着落. be lacking in sth not have enough of sth 不足; 不够: * be lacking in warmth, courage, strength 缺乏温暖、 勇气、 力气 * The film was lacking in pace. 这部影片不紧凑. have/lack the courage of one's convictions => courage. 派生： lack n [U, sing] absence or shortage (of sth that is needed) （所需事物的）缺乏, 短缺: a lack of care, money, water 缺乏关心、 金钱、 水 * The project had to be abandoned for (ie because of) lack of funds. 工程因资金匮乏只得放弃. 复合： `lack-lustre adj dull; uninspiring; lifeless 无光泽的; 死气沉沉的; 无生气的: lack-lustre eyes 暗无光泽的眼睛 * They gave a lack-lustre performance. 他们的演出死气沉沉.

lackadaisical
[7lAkE'deizikl; 7lAkE'dezikl] adj lacking vigour and determination; unenthusiastic 无精打采的;无决断的; 不热心的: * a lackadaisical approach to his studies他在学习方面的懒散态度. > lackadaisically[-kli; -kli] adv.

lackey
[5lAki; 5lAki] n 1 (formerly) footman or manservant, usu in special uniform （旧时）听差, 男仆（通常穿制服）. 2 (fig derog 比喻, 贬) person who acts or is treated like a servant 卑躬屈膝的人; 被待如奴仆的人: * The singer was surrounded by the usual crowd of lackeys and hangers-on. 那个歌手让那帮总是溜须拍马、 前呼後拥的人给围住了.

laconic
[lE'kCnik; lE'kanik] adj using few words; terse 简洁的; 简明的: * a laconic person, remark, style 说话简洁的人、 言简意赅的话、 简练质 的文体. > laconically[-klI; -klI/ adv: * `Too bad,’ she replied laconically. ‘那可没办法,’她回答得很乾脆.

lacquer
[5lAkE(r); 5lAkl] n [U] 1 varnish used on metal or wood to give a hard glossy surface 漆. 2 (becoming dated 渐旧) liquid sprayed on the hair to keep it in place 喷发胶（使头发定型的喷剂）. 派生： lacquer v [Tn] coat (sth) with lacquer 给（某物）涂漆; 给（头发）喷喷发胶: a lacquered table 上过漆的桌子 * lacquered hair 喷过发胶的头发.

lacrosse
[lE'krCs; - -'krC:s; lE'krCs] n [U] game like hockey, played by two teams of 10 players each who use rackets to catch, carry and throw the ball 兜网球（类似曲棍球的游戏, 由两队各10人参赛, 以带网兜的球棒接球、 带球、 传球）.

lactation
[lAk'teiFn; lAk'teFEn] n [U] (medical or biology 医或生) 1 production of milk in the breasts of women or the udders of female animals 泌乳. 2 time during which this happens 泌乳期.

lactic
[5lAktik; 5lAktik] adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] of or from milk 乳的; 来自乳汁的. 复合： ,lactic `acid (chemistry 化) acid that forms in sour milk 乳酸.

lactose
[5lAktEus, -Euz; 5lAktos, -oz] n [U] (chemistry 化) form of sugar found in milk and used in some baby foods 乳糖.

lacuna
[lE'kju:nE; lE'kjunE] n (pl -nae[-ni:; -ni] or ~s) (fml 文) section missing from a book, an argument, etc; gap （书籍、 论据等中的）脱漏, 阙文, 缺漏, 空白: * a lacuna in the manuscript 原稿中的脱漏.

lacy
[5leisi; 5lesi] adj (-ier, -iest) of or like lace 透孔织物的; 网眼状的; 系带的: * the lacy pattern of a spider's web 蜘蛛网的形状.

lad
[lAd; lAd] n 1 boy; young man 男孩儿; 男青年; 小伙子: * The town's changed a lot since I was a lad. 从我幼时至今, 这小城市已有了很大变化. 2 (infml 口) (esp in N England 尤用於英格兰北部) fellow; chap 伙伴; 家伙: * The lads at the office have sent you a get-well card. 办公室的哥儿们给你寄慰问卡来了. 3 (Brit infml approv 口, 褒) lively, daring or reckless man (used esp in the expressions shown) 活泼、 大胆或鲁莽的男子（尤用於以下示例）: * He's quite a lad/a bit of a lad. 他可是个莽撞家伙.

ladder
[5lAdE(r); 5lAdl] n 1 structure for climbing up and down sth, consisting of two upright lengths of wood, metal or rope joined to each other by crossbars (rungs) used as steps 梯子. =>illus 见插图. 2 (US run) fault in a stocking, etc where some stitches have come undone, causing a vertical ladder-like flaw （长统袜等的）梯形裂缝, 抽丝. 3 (fig 比喻) series of stages by which a person may advance in his career, etc （事业等发迹、 进身、 晋升等的）阶梯, 途径, 门路: * climbing the ladder of success 攀登成功的阶梯 * He is still on the bottom rung of the political ladder. 他尚处於政治阶梯的最低一级. 派生： ladder v (a) [I] (of stockings, etc) develop a ladder(2)（指长统袜等）出现梯形裂缝, 抽丝: Have you any tights that won't ladder? 有没有不易抽丝的裤袜? (b) [Tn] cause (stockings, etc) to develop a ladder 使（长统袜等）出现梯形裂缝, 抽丝: She laddered her new tights climbing the fence. 她爬越篱笆时把她的裤袜给勾得抽了丝.

laddie
[5lAdi; 5lAdi] n (infml esp Scot 口, 尤用於苏格兰) boy; young man 男孩儿; 男青年; 小伙子. Cf 参看 lass.

laden
[5leidn; 5ledn] adj [usu pred 通常作表语] 1 ~ (with sth) loaded or weighted 装满的; 满载的: * trees laden with apples 果实满枝的苹果树 * a lorry laden with supplies 满载供应品的卡车 * shoppers with their baskets fully laden 篮子装得满满的那些买东西的人. 2 ~ with sth (fig 比喻) (of a person) troubled or burdened with sth （指人）因某事而苦恼的, 负担沉重的: * laden with guilt, grief, remorse, etc 负咎沉重的、 被悲哀压抑着的、 无限懊恼的.

ladle
[5leidl; 5ledl] n long-handled cup-shaped spoon for serving or transferring liquids 长把杓: * a `soup ladle 长柄汤杓. =>illus at kitchen 见kitchen插图. 派生： ladle v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (out) serve (food) with a ladle or in large quantities （用杓）舀或盛很多（食物）: She ladled cream over her pudding. 她在布丁上浇了一大杓奶油. * ladling out the stew 把炖菜舀出来. 2 (phr v) ladle sth out (infml 口) distribute sth (too) lavishly （过分）慷慨地施予某物: He isn't one to ladle out praise, so when he says `Good', he means it. 他可不轻易夸奖人, 所以他要是说‘好’, 他一定认为真好.

lady
[5leidi; 5ledi] n 1 [C] woman of good manners and dignified behaviour 举止文雅的女子; 淑女: * She's a real lady never loses her temper. 她是个有教养的女子--从来不发脾气. Cf 参看 gentleman. 2 [C] (esp formerly) woman of good family and social position （尤指旧时）出身高贵有地位的女子: * She was a lady by birth. 她出身高贵. 3 [C] (esp in polite use) woman （尤作礼貌用语）女士, 夫人, 小姐: * Ask that lady to help you. 请那位小姐帮你忙吧. * The lady at the tourist office told me it opened at 1 pm. 旅行社的那位小姐告诉我下午一点开门. * the old lady next door 隔壁那位老太太 * the `tea-lady 女勤杂工 * [attrib 作定语] a lady doctor 女医师. 4 [C] (US infml 口) (used as a term of address 用作称呼) woman 女士; 太太; 夫人; 小姐: * Hey lady you can't park there! 嘿, 小姐--那儿不能停车! 5 Lady (a) (esp in the UK) title used with the surname of the wives of some nobles （尤指在英国）夫人（某些贵族妻子的尊称, 用时带姓）: * Lady (Randolph) Churchill （伦道夫．）邱吉尔夫人. (b) (esp in the UK) title used with the first name of the daughters of some nobles （尤指在英国）小姐（某些贵族女儿的尊称, 用时带名）: * Lady Philippa (Stewart) 菲利帕（．斯图尔特）小姐. (c) part of an official title of respect 官衔敬称的一部分:Lady `Mayoress （女）市长阁下 * Lady `President （女）总统阁下. 6 Ladies [sing v](Brit) women's public lavatory 女厕所: * Is there a Ladies near here? 附近有女厕所吗?7 (idm 习语) the ,lady of the `house woman with authority in a household 女主人; 主妇: * Might I speak to the lady of the house? 我可以和府上女主人说句话吗? one's young lady/young man => young. 复合： `Lady Chapel chapel in a large church, dedicated to the Virgin Mary （大教堂中的）圣母堂. `Lady Day the Feast of the Annunciation, 25 March 圣母领报节（3月25日）.

lady1
,lady-in-`waiting n (pl ladies-in-waiting) lady attending a queen or princess （伺候女王或公主的）宫女. `lady-killer n (infml often derog 口, 常作贬义) man with the reputation of being very popular and successful with women 使女子倾心的男子. `ladylike adj (approv 褒) like or suitable for a lady; polite; dignified; delicate 淑女的; 适合淑女身分的; 端庄的; 文雅的: ladylike behaviour, speech 淑女般高雅的举止、 谈吐 * She drank her wine with small ladylike sips. 她文雅地一小口一小口喝着葡萄酒. `ladyship (also Ladyship) n title used in speaking to or about a titled lady 夫人, 小姐（称呼或提及有头衔的女子时用作尊称）: their ladyships 夫人 * If your ladyship will step this way, please. 小姐, 请这边走. * (ironic or joc 反语或谑) Watch out, Jill her ladyship is in one of her moods! 吉尔, 小心为妙--小姐大人可有点不高兴了! `lady's man (also ladies' man) man who is fond of the company of women 好与女子相处的男子. 1 POLITE ADDRESS Ladies and gentlemen are used as the plural forms of sir and madam. 称谓敬辞: ladies 和 gentlemen sir madam 的复数. 2 REFERRING TO PEOPLE Lady and gentleman are used instead of woman and man to show politeness. 间接敬称: 要用 lady gentleman, woman man.

ladybird
[5leidibE:d; 5ledi7bEd] (US ladybug[5leidi'bQg;'ledi7bQg] ) n small flying beetle, reddish-brown or yellow with black spots 瓢虫.

lag
1[lAg; lAg] v (-gg-) [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (behind sb/sth); ~ (behind) go too slow; fail to keep pace with others 走得极慢; 落後: * The small boy soon became tired and lagged far behind (the rest of the walkers). 那小男孩儿不 久就走不动了, 远远落在（其他人的）後面. * (fig 比喻) Prices are rising sharply, while incomes are lagging far behind. 物价飞涨而收入却远远落後. 派生： lag (also `time-lag) n period of time separating two events, esp an action and its effect; delay （两事件之间的）时间间隔; （尤指行动与效果之间的）时间差, 迟缓, 延搁: a lag of several seconds between the lightning and the thunder 闪电与打雷先後相差的几秒钟.

lager
[5la:gE(r); 5lagl] n 1 [U] type of light pale beer 贮藏啤酒. 2 [C] glass or bottle of this 盛贮藏啤酒的玻璃杯或瓶.

laggard
[5lAgEd; 5lAgld] n person who lags behind 迟到者; 落後者: * He's no laggard when it comes to asking for more money, ie He is very quick to do this. 到多要钱时他可不甘後人.

lagoon
[lE'gu:n; lE'gun] n 1 salt-water lake separated from the open sea by sandbanks or coral reefs 泻湖. 2 (US or Austral or NZ 美或澳或新西兰) small shallow freshwater lake near a larger lake or river （大湖或江河附近的）小而浅的淡水湖.

lah
(also la)[la:; la] n (music 音) sixth note in the sol-fa scale 全音阶唱名的第六音.

laid
back

lain
pp of lie2.

lair
[leE(r); ler] n 1 sheltered place where a wild animal regularly sleeps or rests; den （野兽的）巢穴, 窝. 2 (fig 比喻) person's hiding place （人的）藏身处: * The kidnappers' lair was an old farm in the hills. 绑架者的藏身处是山里的一座旧农场.

laird
[leEd; lerd] n (Scot 苏格兰) landowner 地主.

laisser-faire
(also laissez-faire)[7leisei 'feE(r); 7lese'fer] n [U] (French 法) policy of freedom from government control, esp for private commercial interests 自由放任政策（尤指政府不干涉私人商业利益者）: * [attrib 作定语] a ,laisser-faire e`conomy 自由放任的经济.

laity
[5leiEti; 5leEti] n the laity [Gp] 1 all the members of a Church who are not ordained clergymen; laymen （别於神职人员的）俗人; 普通信徒. Cf 参看 clergy. 2 people outside a particular profession (contrasted with those inside it) 门外汉; 外行.

lake
1[leik; lek] n 1 large area of water surrounded by land 湖: * We sail on the lake in summer. 夏天我们在湖上泛舟. * Lake Victoria 维多利亚湖 * the Great Lakes 五大湖. 2 (idm 习语) jump in the/a lake => jump 2. 复合： the `Lake District (also the Lakes) region of lakes and mountains in NW England 湖区（位於英格兰西北部）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, pages xiv, xv. `Lake Poets English romantic poets, esp Wordsworth, Coleridge and Southey, who lived in the Lake District 湖畔诗人（英国浪漫主义诗人, 尤指住在湖区的华兹华斯、 柯尔律治和骚塞）.

lakh
[lAk, la:k; lAk, lak] n (in India and Pakistan) one hundred thousand （印度和巴基斯坦的）十万: * 50 lakhs of rupees 500万卢比.

lam
1[lAm; lAm] v (-mm-) (sl 俚) 1 [Tn] hit (sb/sth) hard; thrash 狠打（某人[其物]）; 鞭打. 2 (phr v) lam into sb attack sb, physically or verbally 打、 攻击或抨击某人: * My father really lammed into me for damaging his car. 因为我把父亲的汽车弄坏了, 他把我狠狠打了一顿.

lama
[5la:mE; 5lamE] n Buddhist priest or monk in Tibet or Mongolia 喇嘛（西藏或蒙古的佛教僧侣）. 派生： lamasery[5la:mEsEri; - -seri; 5lamE7seri] n building or group of buildings where lamas live together; monastery 喇嘛寺院.

lamb
[lAm; lAm] n 1 (a) [C] young sheep 羔羊; 小羊. =>illus at sheep 见sheep插图. Cf 参看 ewe. (b) [U] its flesh as food 小羊肉; 羔羊肉: * a leg of lamb 羔羊腿肉 * [attrib 作定语] lamb chops 小羊排. Cf 参看 mutton. 2 (infml 口) gentle or dear person 温顺的人; 亲爱的人. 3 (idm 习语) one may/might as well be hanged/hung for a sheep as a lamb => hang1. like a lamb (to the slaughter) without resisting or protesting 不加反抗; 驯服地: * She surprised us all on her first day of school by going off like a lamb. 我们感到惊奇的是开学第一天她就乖乖地上学去了. mutton dressed as lamb => mutton. 派生： lamb v [I] 1 (of a ewe) give birth to lambs （指母羊）产羔羊: lambing ewes 产羔羊的母羊. 2 (of a farmer) tend ewes doing this （指农民）照料母羊产羔: the lambing season, ie when lambs are born 产羔羊的季节. 复合： `lambskin n 1 [C] skin of a lamb with its wool on (used to make coats, gloves, etc) 羔羊皮毛（用以制外套、 手套等）. 2 [U] leather made from this 羔羊皮革. `lamb's-wool n [U] soft fine fluffy wool from lambs, used for making knitted clothes 羔羊毛纱: a scarf made of lamb's-wool 细羊毛围巾 * [attrib 作定语] a lamb's-wool cardigan 细羊毛对襟毛衣.

lambaste
[lAm'beist; lAm'best] v [Tn] (infml 口) 1 hit (sb) hard and repeatedly; thrash 不断地狠打（某人）; 鞭打. 2 reprimand (sb) severely 严厉斥责（某人）.

lambent
[5lAmbEnt; 5lAmbEnt] adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] 1 (of a flame) moving over a surface with soft flickering radiance （指火焰）轻轻摇曳的, 闪烁的. 2 (of the eyes, sky, etc) shining or glowing softly （指眼睛、 天空等）微微发光的. 3 (of humour, style, etc) witty in a brilliant but gentle way （指幽默风格等）诙谐的. > lambency[-Ensi; -Ensi] n [U].

lame
[leim; lem] adj 1 unable to walk normally because of an injury or defect 瘸的; 跛的: * The accident made him lame in the left leg. 出事後他的左腿瘸了. * Halfway through the race the horse went lame. 那匹马赛跑中途跛了腿. 2 (of an excuse or argument) weak and unconvincing （指藉口或论据）蹩脚的, 软弱无力的, 无说服力的. 3 (idm 习语) help a lame dog over a stile => help1. a ,lame `duck (a) person, organization or thing that is in difficulties and unable to manage without help 处於困境无法自理的人、 组织或事物: * The government should not waste money supporting lame ducks. 政府不应浪费资金去扶持那些无望的企业. (b) (esp US) elected official in his final period of office （任期将满的）官员: * [attrib 作定语] a ,lame duck `President 即将卸任的总统. 派生： lame v [Tn] make (a person or an animal) lame; disable 使（人或动物）跛, 瘸; 使残废: lamed in a riding accident 骑马摔瘸了腿. lamely adv. lameness n [U].

lament
[lE'ment; lE'ment] v (a) [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (for/over sb/sth) feel or express great sorrow or regret for (sb/sth) 为（某人[某事物]）感到悲痛; 哀悼; 痛惜: * lament loudly 哀嚎 * lament (for) a dead friend 哀悼亡友 * lament (over) one's misfortunes 悲叹自己的不幸 * lament the passing of old ways 浩叹古风的沉沦. (b) [I, Tn] complain (about sth) 抱怨（某事）: * She's always lamenting the lack of sports facilities in town. 她总是抱怨伦敦缺少体育设施. 派生： lament n 1 strong expression of grief 悲恸. 2 song or poem expressing grief; dirge 挽歌; 哀诗: a funeral lament 挽歌. lamentable[5lAmEntEbl; 5lAmEntEbl] adj regrettable; deplorable 惋惜的; 可悲的: * a lamentable loss of life, lack of foresight 令人悲叹的生命损失、 缺乏远见. `lamentably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv. lamentation[7lAmen'teiFn; 7lAmEn'teFEn] n 1 [U] lamenting 悲痛; 哀悼; 痛惜; 抱怨: * Much lamentation followed the death of the old king. 老国王晏驾, 人们悲恸不已. 2 [C] expression of grief; lament 悲叹; 挽歌; 哀诗. lamented adj (rhet or joc 修辞或谑) mourned for; regretted 悲叹的; 痛惜的: the much lamented pound note 那张令人痛惜的一镑的钞票 * our late lamented friend 令我们惋惜的故友.

laminate
[5lAmineit; 5lAmE7net] v [Tn] 1 make (material) by bonding thin layers together （将薄片砌合在一起）制成（材料）: * laminated plastic 层积塑材. 2 beat or roll (metal) into thin sheets 将（金属）锻压成薄片. 派生： laminate[5lAminEt; 5lAmin7Et] n [U] laminated material 层压材料.

lamp
[lAmp; lAmp] n 1 device for giving light, either by the use of electricity or (esp formerly) by burning gas or oil 电灯; （尤指旧时的）煤气灯, 油灯: * a street, table, bicycle lamp 街灯、 台灯、 自行车车灯. 2 electrical device producing radiation (for medical, etc purposes) 发出热射线的电器装置（供医疗等用者）: * an infra-red/ultraviolet lamp 红外线[紫外线]灯. 复合： `lampblack n [U] black colouring matter made from soot 灯黑（从煤烟中制取, 作颜料用）. `lamplight n [U] light from a lamp 灯光. `lamplighter n (formerly) person whose job was to light and extinguish gas street lamps （旧时）（专事点熄路灯的）灯夫. `lamp-post n tall post supporting a street lamp 路灯柱. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page vi. `lampshade n cover (made of glass, cloth, etc) placed over a lamp to soften or screen its light 灯罩.

lampoon
[lAm'pu:n; lAm'pun] n piece of writing that attacks and ridicules a person, a book, an institution, etc 讽刺文章. 派生： lampoon v [Tn] publicly ridicule (sb/sth) in a lampoon, etc 用作品等讽刺或嘲笑（某人[某事物]）: His cartoons mercilessly lampooned the leading politicians of the day. 他的讽刺漫画无情地挖苦了当今的政界要人.

lamprey
[5lAmpri; 5lAmpri] n eel-like water animal with a round sucking mouth which it uses to attach itself to other creatures 七鳃鳗（亦称八目鳗）.

lance
1[la:ns; - lAns; lAns] n 1 weapon used for catching fish, etc with a long wooden shaft and a pointed steel head 鱼叉. 2 (formerly) similar weapon used by mounted knights, cavalry, etc （旧时）骑士、 骑兵等的长矛. 派生： lancer n soldier of a cavalry regiment formerly armed with lances 枪骑兵（旧时执矛）. 复合： ,lance-`corporal n (in the British army or US Marines) non-commissioned officer of the lowest rank （英国陆军或美国海军陆战队中的）一等兵. =>App 9 见附录9.

lancet
[5la:nsit; - 'lAn-; 5lAnsit] n 1 (medical 医) sharp pointed two-edged surgical instrument used for opening abscesses, etc 柳叶刀（外科手术用的）. 2 (architecture 建) tall narrow pointed arch or window 尖拱; 尖窗.

land
1[lAnd; lAnd] n 1 [U] solid part of the earth's surface (contrasted with sea or water) 陆地; 大地: * travel over land 陆路旅行 * be on, reach, come to land 在陆地上、 抵达陆地、 到陆地上 * The journey to the far side of the island is quicker by land than by sea, ie by car, train, etc than by boat. 走陆路至海岛的另一端比从海路走快捷. * On land the turtle is ungainly, but in the water it isvery agile. 龟在陆地上行动笨拙, 在水里则很灵活. 2 [U]expanse of country 地域: * The land west of the mountains stretched as far as the eye could see. 群山以西的地域一望无际. 3 [U] (a) ground or soil of the same type （同一类型的）地带: * rich, stony, forest land 肥沃、 多岩、 森林地带. (b) ground or soil as used for a particular purpose （作某种用途的）地, 土地: * farming land 农业用地 * arable land 可耕地 * The city suffers from a shortage of building land, ie land on which to build houses. 该市极缺乏建 用地. 4 the land [U] (a) ground or soil used for farming 田地; 耕地: * working the land 种地. (b) rural areas as contrasted with cities and towns 农村; 农业地区: * Many farmers are leaving the land to work in industry. 很多农民离开农村转事工业劳动. 5 (a) [U] property in the form of land 地产; 田产: * How far does your land extend? 你的地产远至何处? * a house with a hundred acres of land adjoining it 方圆带有一百英亩土地的住宅 * land for sale 地皮出让. (b) lands [pl] estates 私有土地. 6 [C] (rhet 修辞) country, state or nation 国家: * my native land 我的祖国 * the finest orchestra in the land 国家最优秀的管弦乐队 * (fig 比喻) the land of dreams 梦乡. =>Usage at country 用法见country. 7 (idm 习语) in the ,land of the `living (joc 谑) alive 在世; 活着. the ,land of `Nod (joc 谑) sleep 睡乡. the lie of the land => lieland1 /// (be/go) on the `land work as a farmer 种庄稼; 务农: * He left his office job to try to make a living on the land. 他辞去了办公室的工作, 改以务农为生. the promised land => promise2. see, etc how the `land lies learn what the situation is, how matters stand, etc 了解情况; 知悉现状等: * We'd better find out how the land lies before taking any action. 我们最好把情况弄清楚再采取行动. spy out the land => spy v. 派生： landed adj [attrib 作定语] owning much land 有大量土地的: the landed classes/gentry 地主阶级[有大量土地的绅士]. landless adj not owning land 没有土地的. 复合： `land-agent n (esp Brit) person employed to manage an estate 地产管理人. `land-breeze n light wind blowing from the land towards the sea, usu after sunset 陆风（通常为日落後从陆地吹向海面的轻风）. `landfall n (a) first sight of or approach to land after a journey by sea （航海中）初见或接近陆地: We made a landfall at dusk after three weeks at sea. 在海上航行叁周後的一个黄昏, 我们看到了陆地. (b) land sighted or reached 望见或抵达的陆地: Our next landfall should be Jamaica. 我们下一靠岸处应是牙买加. `land-form n (geology 地质) natural feature of the surface of the earth 地貌. `landholder n owner or (esp) tenant of land 土地所有者; （尤指）土地租赁者. `land-locked adj almost or entirely surrounded by land 几乎或完全为陆地包围的; 陆围的; 内陆的: a land-locked harbour, bay, inlet, etc 内陆港、 海湾、 小水湾等 * Switzerland is completely land-locked. 瑞士完全是个内陆国. `landlubber n (derog or joc 贬或谑) person who is not accustomed to ships or to being at sea 不习惯坐船或航海的人. `landmark n 1land2 /// 2 (fig 比喻) event, discovery, invention, etc that marks an important stage or turning-point 里程碑; 分水岭: a landmark in the history of modern art 当代艺术史上的里程碑 * [attrib 作定语] a landmark decision, victory, speech 划时代的决定、 胜利、 演说. `land mass large area of land 地块; 陆块: several small islands separated from the main land mass by a deep channel 与大陆之间有一条很深的水道相隔的几个小岛. `land-mine n explosive charge laid in or on the ground, detonated by vehicles, etc passing over it 地雷. `land office (US) office that records sales of public land 土地管理局. land-office business (US infml

landing
[5lAndiN; 5lAndiN] n 1 act of coming or bringing to land 登陆; 着陆: * during the Queen's landing from the Royal Yacht 在女王从皇家游艇上下来时 * Because of engine trouble the plane had to make an emergency landing, ie come to land suddenly to avoid further danger or damage. 由於发动机出现故障, 飞机不得不紧急着陆. * She slipped and fell, but had a soft landing on some cushions. 她滑倒了, 好在是跌在一些垫子上了. 2 (also `landing-place) place where people and goods may be landed from a boat or ship （船只）卸货处, 登陆处: * There is no safe landing on that coast. 那一带海岸没有安全的登陆处. * a convenient landing-place in a nearby sheltered cove 附近避风雨的小海湾里一个便於卸货的地方. 3 level area at the top of a flight of stairs, or between one flight and another 楼梯平台: * Your room opens off the top landing. 你的房门朝向顶层楼梯平台. =>illus at stair 见stair插图. 复合： `landing-craft n flat-bottomed naval craft designed for putting ashore troops and equipment 登陆艇. `landing-field (also `landing-strip) n = airstrip (air). `landing-gear n [U] = undercarriage. `landing-net n (in angling) long-handled net used for landing a fish caught on a hook （垂钓术）抄网. `landing-stage n (usu floating) platform on which people and goods are landed from a boat 码头; （通常指）浮动码头, 栈桥.

landlady
[5lAndleidi; 5lAnd7ledi] n 1 woman who lets rooms, etc to tenants 女房东. 2 woman who keeps a public house or a boarding-house （酒店或寄宿舍的）女店主, 女主人. Cf 参看 landlord.

landlord
[5lAndlC:d; 5lAnd7lCrd] n 1 person who lets land, a house, a room, etc to a tenant 地主; 房东. 2 person who keeps a public house or a boarding-house （酒店或寄宿舍的）店主, 主人: * It's a nice pub, except for the landlord. 酒店挺不错, 可是那店主却不怎麽样. Cf 参看 landlady. =>Usage at tenant 用法见tenant.

landscape
[5lAndskeip; 5lAndskep] n 1 [C] scenery of an area of land （陆上）风景, 景色: * a bleak urban landscape 单调的市区景色 * Mountains dominate the Welsh landscape. 重峦叠嶂构成威尔士的主要景色. 2 (a) [C] picture showing a view of the countryside 野外风景画: * an exhibition of landscapes by local artists 本地画家的野外风景画展. (b) [U] this type of art 风景绘画. Cf 参看 portrait 1. 3 (idm 习语) a blot on the landscape => blot1. 派生： landscape v [Tn] improve the appearance of (a garden, park, etc) by means of landscape gardening 用园林艺术美化（花园、 公园等）. 复合： ,landscape `gardening laying out a garden, etc in a way that imitates natural scenery 造园术; 园林艺术.

lane
[lein; len] n 1 narrow country road or track, usu between hedges or banks 乡间小路（通常两边有树篱或斜坡）. 2 (esp in place names) narrow street or alley between buildings （尤用作路名）小巷, 胡同: * ,Drury `Lane 德鲁里巷. =>Usage at road 用法见road. 3 strip of road marked out for a single line of traffic （有标志的）单行车道: * the inside/near side lane 内车道 * the outside/off side lane 外车道 * the slow/fast/overtaking lane of a motorway 高速公路上的慢行[快行/超车]车道. 4 route intended for or regularly used by ships or aircraft （船或飞机预定或定期的）航道, 航路, 航线: * `shipping lanes 大洋航线 * `ocean lanes 远洋航线. 5 marked strip of track, water, etc for a competitor in a race （比赛用的有标志的）跑道, 泳道: * The world champion is in lane four. 那个世界冠军在第四跑道. =>Usage at path 用法见path.

language
[5lANgwidV; 5lANgwidV] n 1 [U] system of sounds, words, patterns, etc used by humans to communicate thoughts and feelings 语言: * the origins of language 语言的起源 * [attrib 作定语] the development of language skills in young children 儿童语言技能的形成. 2 [C] form of language used by a particular group, nation, etc （集团, 国家等的）集团语, 地方语, 部落语, 某国语: * the Bantu group of languages 班图语系 * one's native language 母语 * a second, a foreign, an acquired language 第二语言、 外国语言、 後天学得的语言. 3 [U] manner of expressing oneself 表达方式: * His language was uncompromising: * he told them their work must improve or they would be fired. 他的话说一不二; 他告欣他们必须改进工作, 否则就予解雇. * bad/strong/foul language, ie words considered improper, eg those marked in this dictionary 坏话, 骂人话, 下流话（粗鄙的词语, 如在本词典中标示者 * everyday language, ie not specialized or technical 普通语言（非专门或技术用语）. 4 [U] words, phrases, etc used by a particular group of people 术语; 行话: * the language of science, drug users, the courtroom 科学术语、 嗜毒者切口、 法庭用语 * medical language 医学用语. 5 [C, U] system of signs, symbols, gestures, etc used for conveying information 传达信息的手势、 符号、 姿势等: * Music has been called the universal language. 人们称音乐为世界的语言. * the language of flowers 用花表达的信息 * body, sign language 身势语、 手势语 * This theory can only be expressed in mathematical language. 这个理论只能用数学语言来表达. 6 [C, U] (computing 计) system of coded instructions used in programming 语言: * BASIC is the language most programmers learn first. BASIC是大多数程序编制者首先学习的语言. 7 (idm 习语) speak the same language => speak. 复合： `language laboratory room equipped with a special tape-recording system for language learning 语言实验室.

languid
[5lANgwid; 5lANgwid] adj lacking vigour or energy; slow-moving 不活泼的; 无精打采的; 迟缓的: * languid movements 懒洋洋的动作 * speak with a languid drawl 慢吞吞拉着长调说话. > languidly adv.

languish
[5lANgwiF; 5lANgwiF] v [I] (fml 文) 1 lack or lose vitality 缺乏活力; 失去活力: * Since the war the industry has gradually languished. 开战以来, 这一工业的生产每况愈下. * The children soon began to languish in the heat. 孩子们很快就热得懒洋洋的了. 2 ~ (for sb/sth) be or become weak and miserable because of unfulfilled longings; pine2(1) （因求之不得）变得衰弱而难过: * languish for love, company, sympathy 渴望得到爱、 相伴、 同情而憔悴. 3 ~ (in/under sth) live wretchedly 受苦; 受煎熬: * He languished in poverty for years. 他多年挣扎在贫困之中. * languishing under foreign domination 在外国统治下受煎熬. 派生： languishing adj (of looks, etc) trying to win sympathy or affection （指表情等）可望同情的, 含情脉脉的: a languishing sigh 博人同情的叹息.

languor
[5lANgE(r); 5lANgl] n 1 [U] tiredness or laziness of mind and body; listlessness 倦怠; 慵悃; 无精打采. 2 [sing] feeling of dreamy peacefulness 恬静; 平静: * music that induces a delightful languor 使人心旷神怡的音乐. 3 [U] oppressive stillness (of the air, etc) （空气等的）沉闷: * the hazy languor of a summer's afternoon 夏日午後那种令人迷离恍惚的沉闷. > languorous[5lNgErEs; 5lANgErEs] adj. languorously adv.

lank
[lANk; lANk] adj 1 (of hair) straight and limp （指毛发）平直的, 柔软的. 2 (of a person) tall and thin （指人）瘦长的.

lanky
[5lANki; 5lANki] adj (-ier, -iest) (of a person) ungracefully tall and thin （指人）细长难看的, 又高又瘦的: * a lanky teenager 瘦长的少年. > lankiness n [U].

lanolin
(also lanoline)[5lAnElin; 5lAnElin] n [U] fat extracted from sheep's wool and used in making skin creams 羊毛脂（用以制护肤霜）.

lantern
[5lAntEn; 5lAntln] n 1 (usu portable) light for use outdoors in a transparent case that protects it fromthe wind, etc （通常指手提的）灯笼; 提灯. 2 (architecture建) structure with windows or openings to admit light or air at the top of a dome or room 天窗; 屋顶气窗. 复合： `lantern jaws long thin jaws that give the face a hollow look 瘦削而外翅的下巴（使脸部显得凹陷）. ,lantern-`jawed adj.

lanthanide
[5lAnWEnaid; 5lAnWE7naid] n (chemistry 化) any of the 15 elements in the lanthanide series, with atomic numbers from 57 (lanthanum) to 71 (lutetium) 镧系元素中之任何一种（从原子序数为57的镧到71的兜）.

lanthanum
[5lAnWEnEm; 5lAnWE7nEm] n [U] (chemistry 化) silver-white metallic element, used in certain alloys and in glass-making 镧. =>App 10 见附录10.

lanyard
[5lAnjEd; 5lAnjld] n 1 cord worn round the neck to hold a knife, whistle, etc （套在脖子上以悬小刀或哨子等的）项带, 颈带. 2 (nautical 海) short rope or line attached to sth to secure it 系带, 短绳, 短索.

lap
1[lAp; lAp] n 1 area formed by the upper part of a seated person's thighs （人坐着时）大腿的上方: * Come and sit on Grandpa's lap! 来, 坐在爷爷的腿上! * She had fallen asleep with an open book in her lap. 她睡着了, 腿上还摊开着一本书. 2 part of a dress, etc covering this 连衣裙等盖住大腿的部分: * She gathered the fallen apples and carried them in her lap. 她捡起掉落的苹果, 用衣服下摆兜着. 3 (idm 习语) drop/dump sth in sb's lap (infml 口) make sth the responsibility of sb else 将某事推给他人负责: * You've got to deal with this don't try and dump it in my lap. 这事你得去处理--别想往我身上推. in the lap of the `gods (of future events) uncertain （指未来的事）难以预料. in the lap of `luxury in conditions of great luxury 在奢侈的环境里. 复合： `lap-dog n small pampered pet dog 娇养的小狗.

lapel
[lE'pel; lE'pel] n front part of the collar of a coat or jacket that is folded back over the chest （大衣或夹克的）翻领: * What is that badge on your lapel? 你翻领上的是什麽徽章? =>illus at jacket 见jacket插图.

lapidary
[5lApidEri; - -deri; 5lApE7deri] adj (fml 文) 1 [attrib 作定语] of gems or stones, esp of their cutting, polishing or engraving 宝石的; 玉石的; （尤指）宝石或玉石切割、 琢磨或雕刻的. 2 (approv 褒) dignified and concise 优雅简洁的: * a lapidary inscription, proverb, speech, etc 精确的铭文、 谚语、 演讲等. 派生： lapidary n person who cuts, polishes, sets or engraves gems 宝石匠.

lapis lazuli
[7lApis 'lAzjuli; - 'lAzEli; 5lApis'lAzEli] n (a) [U, C] bright-blue semi-precious stone 天青石; 青金石. (b) [U] colour of this 天蓝色: * [attrib 作定语] a sea of ,lapis lazuli `blue 天蓝色的大海.

lapse
[lAps; lAps] n 1 small error, esp one caused by forgetfulness or inattention 小错; （尤指）记错, 疏忽:A brief lapse in the final set cost her the match. 她在最後一盘稍有失误而致比赛失败. * It was a superb performance, despite occasional lapses of intonation. 演出非常成功, 唯偶有音调失误. 2 ~ (from sth) (into sth) fall or departure from correct or usual standards; backsliding 堕落; 失足: * Wives were expected to forgive their husbands' lapses, ie forgive them when they were unfaithful. 希望做妻子的原谅丈夫一时行为失检（不忠）. * The debate was marred by a brief lapse into unpleasant name-calling. 因出现几句谩骂, 辩论会不欢而散. * a lapse from grace, ie becoming out of favour 失宠. 3 passing of a period of time （时间的）流逝, 过去: * after a lapse of six months 相隔六个月之後. 4 (law 律) ending of a right, etc because of disuse （权利等的）失效, 中止, 结束, 消失（因不行使所致）. 派生： lapse v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (from sth) (into sth) fail to maintain one's position or standard 未能保持自己的立场或标准: lapse back into bad habits 重又沾染坏习惯 * a lapsed Catholic 叛教的天主教徒. 2 [Ipr] ~ into sth sink or pass gradually into sth 陷入或进入某状态: She lapsed into a coma. 她逐渐陷入昏迷状态. 3 [I] (law 律) (of rights and privileges) be lost or invalid because not used, claimed or renewed （指权利、 特权）（因未行使、 无要求或未延期）丧失, 失效: He didn't get any compensation because his insurance policy had lapsed. 他因保险单失效未得任何补偿. 复合： `lapse rate rate at which the temperature of the air falls in relation to its height above the earth 温度垂直递减率.

lapwing
[5lApwiN; 5lAp7wiN] (also peewit, pewit) n type of small black and white wading bird 麦鸡.

larceny
[5la:sEni; 5larsni] n [C, U] (law 律) (instance of) theft of personal goods 盗窃; 盗窃罪. > larcenous[5la:sEnEs; 5larsEnEs] adj.

larch
[la:tF; lartF] n (a) [C] tall deciduous tree of the pine family, with small cones and needle-like leaves 落叶松. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page i. (b) [U] its wood 落叶松木.

lard
[la:d; lard] n [U] white greasy substance made from the melted fat of pigs and used in cooking 荤油. 派生： lard v 1 [Tn] prepare (meat) for roasting by putting strips of bacon in or on it 加腌肉片烤（肉）: Lean meat can be larded to keep it moist in the oven. 瘦肉上可加咸肉片烤制以保持水分. 2 [Tn.pr] ~ sth with sth (often derog 常作贬义) embellish (speech or writing) with sth 在（说话或写作）中夹杂某内容: a lecture larded with obscure quotations 夹杂着晦涩引文的讲演.

larder
[5la:dE(r); 5lardl] n (esp formerly) cupboard or small room used for storing food （尤指旧时）食橱, 食物贮藏室. Cf 参看 pantry.

large
[la:dV; lardV] adj (-r, -st) 1 of considerable size, extent or capacity （大小、 程度或容量）大的: * A large family needs a large house. 大家庭需要大的房子. * She inherited a large fortune. 她继承了一大笔财产. * He has a large appetite, ie eats a lot. 他胃口很大. * (euph 婉) a large (ie fat) lady 胖女人. 2 wide in range, scope or scale; broad （范围或规模）大的, 广的: * an official with large powers 权力很大的官员 * take the large view 持豁达的观点 * a book dealing with large themes 涉及广泛内容的书 * large and small farmers 大农场主和小农. =>Usage at big 用法见big. 3 (idm 习语) (as) large as `life (joc 谑) seen or appearing in person, with no possibility of error or doubt 本人; 本身: * And there she was as large as life! 那就是她本人! bulk large => bulk v. by and `large taking everything into consideration 大体上; 一般而论; 总的来说: * By and large, the company's been pretty good to me. 总的来说, 公司对我一直很好. larger than `life exaggerated in size, so as to seem more impressive （为感人）夸大的: * [attrib 作定语] The hero appears as a larger-than-life character. 男主角的表现是高於生活的. writ large => writ. 派生： large n (idm 习语) at `large (a) (of a criminal, animal, etc) free; not confined （指罪犯、 动物等）自由的, 未关管的, 未缚住的: The escaped prisoner is still at large. 越狱犯依然在逃. (b) at full length; thoroughly and in great detail 详细地; 充分地; 透彻地: The question is discussed at large in my report. 我在报告中对该问题作了详细的探讨. (c) (used after a n 用於名词後) as a whole; in general 整个地; 一般地; 总地: the opinion of students, voters, society, etc at large 学生、 选民、 社会等总的意见. largely adv to a great extent; chiefly 在很大程度上; 主要地: His success was largely due to luck. 他的成功主要靠运气.

large1
largeness n [U]. largish adj fairly large 相当大的. 复合： `large-scale adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] 1 extensive 大规模的: a large-scale police search 警方的大规模搜查. 2 (of a map, model, etc) drawn or made to a large scale so that many details can be shown （指地图、 模型等）大比例尺的.

largess
(also largesse)[la:'dVes; 5lardVes] n [U] 1 generous giving of money or gifts, esp to sb of lower rank or status 慷慨的赠与; （尤指）赏赐. 2 money or gifts given in this way 赏金; 赠物.

largo
[5la:gEu; 5largo] n (pl ~s), adv (music 音) (piece or movement) played in slow and solemn time 缓慢的乐曲或乐章; 广板; 缓慢地: * The second movement is a largo. 第二乐章是广板乐章.

lariat
[5lAriEt; 5lAriEt] n (esp US) length of rope for catching or tethering a horse; lasso （套马或拴马用的）系绳, 套索.

lark
1[la:k; lark] n 1 any of several small songbirds, esp the skylark 百灵科鸣禽; （尤指）云雀. 2 (idm 习语) be/get ,up with the `lark get up early in the morning 早起.

larkspur
[5la:kspE:(r); 5lark7spE] n tall garden plant with blue, pink or white flowers 燕草（株高的园艺植物, 开蓝色、 粉红色或白色花）.

larva
[5la:vE; 5larvE] n (pl larvae[5la:vi:; 5larvi] ) insect in the first stage of its life, after coming out of the egg 幼虫: * A caterpillar is the larva of a butterfly. 毛虫是蝴蝶的幼体. =>illus at butterfly 见butterfly插图. > larval[5la:vl; 5larvl] adj [attrib 作定语]: * in a larval state 幼虫的状态.

larynx
[5lAriNks; 5lAriNks] n (pl larynges/lA'rindVi:z; lE'rindViz] ) (anatomy 解) (also `voice-box) boxlike space at the top of the windpipe, containing the vocal cords which produce the voice 喉. =>illus at throat 见throat插图. 派生： laryngitis[7lArin'dVaitis; 7lArin'dVaitis] n [U] (medical 医) inflammation of the larynx 喉炎.

lasagne
(also lasagna)[lE'zAnjE; lE'zanjE] n [U] (a) pasta made in broad flat strips 宽面（宽而扁的乾面条）. (b) dish made from layers of this with meat sauce, tomatoes and cheese, baked in the oven 卤汁宽面（加肉汁、 蕃茄和乾酪烹制的）.

Lascar
[5lAskE(r); 5lAskl] n seaman from the E Indies 东印度水手.

lascivious
[lE'siviEs; lE'siviEs] adj feeling, expressing or causing sexual desire 好色的; 猥亵的; 挑动情欲的. > lasciviously adv. lasciviousness n [U].

laser
[5leizE(r); 5lezl] n device that generates an intense and highly controlled beam of light 激光器: * [attrib 作定语] laser beams, radiation, physics 激光束、 激光辐射、 激光物理学 * a laser-guided missile 激光制导导弹.

lash
1[lAF; lAF] n 1 [C] flexible part of a whip 鞭子的皮条部分. 2 [C] blow given with or as with a whip, etc 鞭打; 抽打; 鞭挞: * (fig 比喻) feel the lash of sb's tongue, ie be spoken to harshly or cruelly by sb 领教某人利口如刀的厉害. 3 the lash [sing] (formerly) punishment by flogging （旧时）笞刑: * sailors sentenced to the lash 被处笞刑的水手. 4 [C] = eyelash (eye1).

lashing
[5lAFiN; 5lAFiN] n 1 [C] whipping or beating鞭打; 击打: * He gave the poor donkey a terrible lashing. 他狠命地抽打那头可怜的驴. 2 [C] rope, etc used to fasten things together or in position 困绑用的绳索等. 3 lashings [pl] ~s (of sth) (Brit infml 口) a lot 大量: lashings of cream on one's fruit salad 自己那份水果色拉上大量的奶油.

lass
[lAs; lAs] (also lassie[5lAsi; 5lAsi] ) n (esp in Scotland and N England) girl; young woman （尤用於苏格兰和英格兰北部）女孩儿, 少女, 姑娘. Cf 参看 laddie.

lassitude
[5lAsitju:d; - -tu:d; 5lAsE7tud] n [U] (fml 文) tiredness of mind or body 厌倦; 疲乏.

lasso
[lA'su:; lA'su] n (pl ~s or ~es) long rope with a noose at one end, used for catching horses and cattle （套捕马、 牛等用的一头有活结的）套索. 派生： lasso v [Tn] catch (esp an animal) using a lasso 用套索捕捉（尤指动物）: lassoing wild horses 用套索捕捉野马.

last
1[la:st; - lAst; lAst] adj 1 coming after all others in time or order 最後的; 末尾的: * December is the last month of the year. 十二月是一年的最後一个月份. * the last Sunday in June 六月的最後一个星期日 * the last time I saw her 我上次看见她的时候 * the last two/the two last people to arrive 最後到达的两个人. Cf 参看 first1 1. 2 [attrib 作定语] latest; most recent （指过去）最近的, 上一个的; 刚过去的: * last night, week, month, summer, year, etc 昨晚、 上周、 上月、 刚过去的夏季、 去年 * last Tuesday/on Tuesday last 刚过去的星期二 * in/for/during the last fortnight, few weeks, two decades, etc 在过去的两周、 几星期、 二十年等 * I thought her last book was one of her best. 我认为她最近出版的那本书是她的最佳着作之一. =>Usage at late1 用法见late1. 3 [esp attrib 尤作定语] only remaining; final 唯一剩下的; 最终的: * This is our last bottle of wine. 这是我们最後的一瓶葡萄酒了. * He knew this was his last hope of winning. 他知道这是他获胜的唯一希望了. * I wouldn't marry you if you were the last person on earth. 即使世上就剩下你一个人, 我也不会和你结婚. 4 least likely or suitable 最不可能的; 最不适合的: * the last thing I'd expect him to do 我最不希望他做的事 * She's the last person to trust with a secret. 她是最不可能保密的人. 5 (idm 习语) at one's last `gasp making one's final effort or attempt before exhaustion or death 垂死挣扎; 最後拚搏: * The team were at their last gasp when the whistle went. 球队正作最後拚搏, 这时哨声响了. be on one's/its last `legs be weak or in poor condition 危殆; 糟糕: * My car's on its last legs -- it keeps breaking down. 我的汽车快不行了--总出毛病. the day,week, month, etc before last the day, etc immediately before the most recent one; two days, etc ago 两天、 两星期、 两月等之前: * I haven't seen him since the Christmas before last. 前年圣诞节过後我一直没见过他. draw one's first/last breath => draw2. every last/single `one, etc every person or thing (in a group) included （一群人或物中的）每一个, 全部:

last1
* We spent every last penny we had on the house. 我们的钱全部用在房子上了. famous last words => famous. first/last/next but one, two, three, etc => first1. first/last thing => thing. have the last `laugh triumph over one's rivals, critics, etc in the end （对竞争者、 批评者等）取得最後胜利. have, etc the last `word make, etc the final and decisive contribution to an argument, a dispute, etc （辩论等中）作最後一次发言, 最终决定, 最後裁决, 定论等: * We can all make suggestions, but the manager has the last word. 我们谁都可以提建议, 但经理最後说了算. in the last/final analysis => analysis. in the last re`sort; (as) a/one's last re`sort (person or thing one turns to) when everything else has failed 最後手段; 最後的凭藉: * In the last resort we can always walk home. 大不了我们走回家就是了. * I've tried everyone else and now you're my last resort. 别人我都试过了, 现在就看你的了. one's last/dying breath => breath. the ,last `ditch the last effort one can make to ensure one's safety, avoid defeat, etc （为确保安全或避免失败等所能做的）最後拚搏: * [attrib 作定语] a ,last-ditch `stand 背水一战的立场. the last `minute/`moment the latest possible time before an important event, etc （重大事件等前的）最後一刻: * change one's plans at the last minute 事到临头改变计画 * We always leave our packing to/till the last moment. 我们总是到临行前才收拾行李. * [attrib 作定语] a last-minute dash for the train 为赶火车的奔忙. the last `lap final stage of a journey, contest,project, etc （旅行、 比赛、 工程等）最後阶段: * We're on the last lap, so don't slacken! 我们已处最後阶段, 可不要松劲啊! the last/final straw => straw. the last `word (in sth) most recent, fashionable, advanced, etc thing 最新、 最时髦、 最先进等的事物: * Ten years ago this dress was considered the last word in elegance. 十年前这种连衣裙还算是最高雅的款式呢. the last `word (on sth) definitive statement, account, etc 权威性的言论、 说法等:

last2
* a book which may fairly claim to be the last word on the subject 堪称该课题权威性的书. say/be one's last `word (on sth) give/be one's final opinion or decision 做出[成为]决定: * I've said my last word -- take it or leave it. 我的意见已经说过了--听不听请便. * I hope that's not your last word on the subject. 我希望这不是你对该问题的最後决定. to a man/to the last man => man. a week last Monday, etc => week. 派生： last n 1 the ~ (of sb/sth) (pl unchanged 复数不变) person or thing that is last or mentioned last 最後的或最後提到的人或事物: These are the last of our apples. 我们就剩下这些苹果了. * We invited Bill, Tom and Sue -- the last being Bill's sister. 我们请了比尔、 汤姆和休--最後提到的这位是比尔的妹妹. 2 (idm 习语) at (long) `last after (much) delay, effort, etc; in the end 经过（种种）延误、 努力等; 终於: At last we were home! 我们终於到家了! * At long last a compromise was agreed on. 通过互让最终达成折衷协议. breathe one's last => breathe. from first to last => first3. hear/see the last of sb/sth (a) hear/see sb/sth for the last time 最後一次听到[见到]某人[某事物]: That was the last I ever saw of her. 那是我最後一次见到她. (b) not have to deal with or think about sb/sth again 不必再与某人[某事物]打交道; 不必再考虑某人[某事物]: It would be a mistake to assume we've heard the last of this issue. 别以为我们不再过问这事. to/till the `last consistently, until the last possible moment (esp death) 坚持到底, 直到最後一刻（尤指直到死）: He died protesting his innocence to the last. 他至死都坚称自己无罪. lastly adv in the last place; finally 最後一点; 最後: Lastly, we're going to visit Athens, and fly home from there. 最後我们将访问雅典, 然後从那儿乘飞机回国. 复合： the Last `Judgement = Judgement Day (judgement). `last name surname 姓. the last `post military bugle-call sounded at sunset, military funerals, etc （军队的）熄灯号, 葬礼号.

last3
the last `rites religious ceremony for a person near death 为临终者举行的宗教仪式: administer the last rites to sb 为某人行临终圣礼. the Last `Supper (religion 宗) meal eaten by Christ and his disciples on the day before the Crucifixion （耶苏被钉在十字架前夕与门徒共进的）最後晚餐.

lat
abbr 缩写 = latitude: lat 70N/S, ie North/South 北[南]纬70度. Cf 参看 long abbr 缩写.

latch
[lAtF; lAtF] n 1 fastening for a gate or door, consisting of a bar that is lifted from its catch, groove, hole, etc by a lever 门闩. 2 spring lock on a door that catches when the door is closed, and that needs a key to open it from the outside 碰锁; 弹簧锁. =>illus 见插图. 3 (idm 习语) on the `latch (esp of a door) closed but not locked （尤指门）关着但没上锁. 派生： latch v 1 [I, Tn] be fastened or fasten (sth) with a latch 用门闩闩牢或用弹簧锁锁住（某物）: This door won't latch properly. 这门闩不牢. * Please latch the front gate when you leave. 走时请把大门的碰锁锁好. 2 (phr v) latch on (to sth) (infml 口) understand an idea, sth said, etc 理解某想法、 说的话等: He's a bit slow but in the end he latches on. 他有点迟钝, 但毕竟还能理解. * I haven't really latched on to what you mean could you explain it again? 我没有真正明白你的意思--能不能再解释一下? latch on to sb (infml 口) become sb's constant (and often unwelcome) companion 总与某人在一起（常为不受欢迎者）; 纠缠住某人: He always latches on to me when he sees me at a party. 他在聚会上一看见我就总是缠着我. 复合： `latchkey n key of an outer door, esp the front door of a house or flat 钥匙. `latchkey child (becoming dated 渐旧) child who has to let himself into his house or flat and look after himself, esp after returning from school, because both parents are out at work 挂钥匙的儿童（尤指因父母外出工作, 故放学回家需自行进屋的）.

late
1[leit; let] adj (-r, -st) 1 [esp pred 尤作表语] after the proper or usual time 晚; 迟: * My flight was an hour late. 我那趟航班晚了一小时. * Because of the cold weather the crops are late this year. 因天气寒冷, 今年的作物成熟得晚. * It's never too late to stop smoking. 戒烟何时都不算晚. * a late marriage 晚婚 * a late riser, ie sb who gets out of bed late in the morning 起得晚的人. Cf 参看 early 2. 2 far on in the day or night, a period of time, a series, etc （日夜、 时间、 系列等）近末尾的, 将尽的, 末期的: * till a late hour 直到深夜 * in the late afternoon 傍晚 * in late summer 在夏末 * She married in her late twenties, eg when she was 28. 她快30岁才结婚. * the late nineteenth century 十九世纪末叶 * a late Victorian house 维多利亚晚期的房子 * Beethoven's late quartets, ie the last ones he wrote 贝多芬最後创作的四重奏乐曲. Cf 参看 early 1. 3 [attrib 作定语] (esp in the superlative 尤用於最高级) recent 最新的; 最近的: * the latest news 最新消息 * There were several clashes before this latest incident. 在这次事件发生之前已有过几次冲突. * the latest craze, fashion, vogue, etc 最新时尚、 式样、 样式等 * her latest novel 她最近出版的小说 * (fml 文) during the late political unrest 在最近这次政治动乱时期. 4 [attrib 作定语] (a) no longer alive 已故的: * her late husband 已故丈夫. (b) no longer holding a certain position; former 已卸任的; 前任的: * The late prime minister attended the ceremony. 前任首相出席了典礼. 5 (idm 习语) at the `latest no later than 至迟; 最晚: * Passengers should check in one hour before their flight time at the latest. 乘客至迟应在班机起飞前一小时办理登机手续. an early/late night => night. it's ,never too ,late to `mend (saying 谚) it is always possible to improve one's character, habits, etc 改过不嫌晚. of `late lately; recently 最近以来; 近来.

late1
派生： latish[5leitiF; 5letiF] adj, adv fairly late 稍迟（的）; 稍後（的）. 复合： `latecomer n person who arrives late 迟到者; 後来人: Latecomers will not be admitted until the interval. 迟到者在休息时间方可入场. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: The last may indicate the final item in a sequence, after which there are no more *the last可指一系列事物中最後一个: The last bus leaves at 11.15 pm. 末班公共汽车晚上11时15分开出. * That was the last novel he wrote before he died. 那是他生前写的最後一部小说. It may also refer to the item before the one being discussed *the last也可指正在谈及的事物之前的一个: I much prefer this job to my last one/the last one I had. 这份工作比我原先那份工作好得多. * The last time we met you had a beard. 上次我们见面, 你还留着胡子呢. The latest means `the most recent' *the latest意为‘最近的’: She always dressed in the latest fashion. 她总是穿最新款的时装. * His latest novel is a great success. 他最近出版的小说十分成功. The latter refers to the second of two items already mentioned and is rather more formal *the latter指已提及的两个事物中的第二个, 多用於书面语中: One can travel there by ship or plane. Most people choose the latter. 乘船或乘飞机去均可, 人们多取後者.

lately
[5leitli; 5letli] adv in recent times; recently 近来; 不久前: * Have you seen her lately? 你最近见过她吗? * It's only lately that she's been well enough to go out. 她最近才好多了, 可以出去走走了. * We've been doing a lot of gardening lately. 近来我们做了很多园艺工作. =>Usage at recent 用法见recent.

latent
[5leitnt; 5letnt] adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] existing but not yet active, developed or visible 潜在的; 不活跃的; 未发展的; 不明显的: * latent abilities 潜在的才能 * a latent infection 潜伏性传染病. 派生： latency[5leitnsi; 5letnsi] n [U]. latency period (psychology 心) stage of personal development from the age of about five to the start of puberty （人的）性潜伏期（从四五岁至青春期间）. 复合： ,latent `heat heat lost or gained when a substance changes state (from solid to liquid, liquid to vapour, etc) without a change of temperature 潜热. ,latent `image (in photography) image on a film that is not visible until the film has been developed （摄影术）潜影. `latent period period between catching a disease and the appearance of symptoms （疾病的）潜伏期.

lateral
[5lAtErEl; 5lAtErEl] adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] of, at, from or towards the side(s) 侧面的; 从侧面的; 向侧面的: * a lateral vein, artery, limb, etc 侧静脉、 侧动脉、 侧肢 * lateral buds, shoots, branches, etc 侧芽、 侧条、 侧枝. 复合： ,lateral `thinking way of solving problems by letting the mind consider unusual and apparently illogical approaches to them 横向思维（解决问题的方法, 以异乎寻常而显然不合逻辑的方法思考）.

laterite
[5lAtErait; 5lAtE7rait] n [U] type of red soil occurring in tropical regions and widely used there for making roads 砖红壤（热带地区广泛用以 路的）.

latex
[5leiteks; 5leteks] n [U] 1 milky fluid produced by (esp rubber) plants 胶乳; （尤指）橡浆. 2 synthetic product resembling this, used in paints, adhesives, etc 合成胶乳（用於油漆粘合剂等）.

lath
[la:W; - lAW; lAW] n (pl ~s/la:Tz; - lTz; lATz] ) 1 [C] thin narrow strip of wood 木板条. 2 [U] (esp formerly) building material consisting of such strips used as a support for plaster （尤指旧时）挂瓦条, 抹灰板条: * [attrib 作定语] a lath-and-plaster wall 板条抹灰的墙.

lathe
[leiT; leT] n machine that shapes pieces of wood, metal, etc by holding and turning them against a fixed cutting tool 车床.

lather
[5la:TE(r), also 'lAT-; - 'lAT-; 5lATl] n 1 [U] white foam or froth produced by soap or detergent mixed with water （皂液或洗涤液的）泡沫: * work up a lather on one's chin, ie before shaving 在下巴上涂皂沫（然後再刮胡子）. 2 [U] frothy sweat, esp on a horse 汗沫（尤指马的）. 3 (idm 习语) be in/get into a `lather (infml 口) (a) be/become excited and nervous 激动; 紧张: * She's in a lather about having to speak to such a large crowd. 她须在这麽多人面前讲话, 心情十分紧张. (b) be/become angry, agitated and upset 气愤; 烦乱; 烦恼: * Calm down there's no need to get into a lather about it! 冷静些--没有必要为这件事动肝火! 派生： lather v 1 [I, Ip] ~ (up) form lather 起泡沫: Soap will not lather in sea-water. 肥皂在海水里不起泡沫. 2 [Tn] cover (sth) with lather 给（某物）涂皂沫: lather one's chin before shaving 刮胡子前先在下巴上涂皂沫. 3 [Tn] (dated infml 旧, 口) thrash (a person or an animal) 抽打（人或动物）.

Latin
[5lAtin; - 'lAtn; 5lAtn] n [U] language of ancient Rome and the official language of its empire 拉丁语. 派生： Latin adj 1 of or in Latin 拉丁语的; 用拉丁语的: Latin poetry 拉丁语诗歌. 2 of the countries or peoples using languages developed from Latin, eg France, Italy, Portugal, Spain 拉丁语系国家或民族的（如法兰西、 意大利、 葡萄牙、 西班牙）: the Latin temperament, landscape 拉丁人的气质、 拉丁地区的景色. Cf 参看 Romance. Latinist n scholar of Latin 拉丁语学者. 复合： ,Latin A`merica parts of Central and South America in which Spanish or Portuguese is the official language 拉丁美洲. ,Latin-A`merican n, adj (native) of these parts 拉丁美洲的; 拉丁美洲人. the Latin `Church the Roman Catholic Church 拉丁教会（即天主教会）. Latin `cross plain cross with the lowest arm longer than the other three 拉丁式十字架. =>illus at cross 见cross插图. the `Latin Quarter area of Paris on the south bank of the Seine, traditionally frequented by students and artists 拉丁区（巴黎塞纳河南岸, 传统上为大学生及艺术家荟萃地）.

latitude
[5lAtitju:d; - -tu:d; 5lAtE7tud] n 1 (abbr 缩写 lat) [U] distance of a place north or south of the equator, measured in degrees 纬度. =>illus at globe见globe插图. Cf 参看 longitude. 2 latitudes [pl] region, esp with reference to climate 纬度地区（尤指与气候有关者）: * high/low latitudes, ie regions far from/near to the equator 高[低]纬度地区（指离赤道远近而言）. 3 [U] freedom to behave and hold opinions without restriction （行动、 意见的）自由: * They allow their children too much latitude, in my view; they should be stricter. 我认为他们太纵容孩子了, 他们应当严厉一些. 派生： latitudinal[7lAti'tju:dinl; - -'tu:dEnl; 7lAtE'tudEnl] adj [attrib 作定语]: * latitudinal variation 纬度的变化. latitudinarian/ 9lAtItju:dI5neErIEn; ?@ -9tu:dn5eEr-;9lAtE9tudn`ZrIEn] n, adj (fml 文) (person who is) tolerant and broad-minded, esp in religious matters 宽宏大度的（人）（尤指对宗教事务）.

latrine
[lE'tri:n; lE'trin] n lavatory in a camp, barracks, etc, esp one made by digging a trench or hole in the earth （营地、 兵营、 工地等的）厕所（尤指在地面上挖坑、 渠而成的）.

latter
[5lAtE(r); 5lAtl] adj (fml 文) [attrib 作定语] near to the end of a period 後期的; 末期的: * the latter half of the year 後半年 * in the latter part of her life 在她的後半生. 派生： the latter pron the second of two things or people already mentioned 躱已提及的两者中之）後者: Many support the former alternative, but personally I favour the latter (one). 很多人都赞成前一种办法, 但我个人喜欢後一种. =>Usage at late1 用法见late1. latterly adv lately; nowadays 近来; 现时. Cf 参看 former. 复合： ,latter-`day adj [attrib 作定语] modern; recent 近代的; 当今的: latter-day technology 当今的技术 * They see themselves as latter-day crusading knights. 他们把自己看成是当今改革运动的急先锋. ,Latter-day `Saints Mormons' name for themselves 末世圣徒（摩门教徒自称）.

lattice
[5lAtis; 5lAtis] (also `lattice-work) n [U, sing] 1 framework of crossed laths or bars with spaces between, used as a screen, fence, support for climbing plants, etc 格子框架（用作屏障、 篱笆、 供植物攀附等的）: * (a) steel lattice-work placed around dangerous machinery 在有危险的机器周围设置的铁格栅. 2 structure or design resembling this 类似格子的结构或设计: * peering through the lattice of tall reeds 透过高高的芦苇丛窥探. 复合： lattice `window window with small diamond-shaped panes set in a framework of lead strips 斜条格构窗.

laud
[lC:d; lCd] v [Tn] (fml or rhet 文或修辞) praise (sb/sth); glorify 称赞（某人[某事物]）; 赞美; 赞扬: * a much-lauded production 大受赞扬的产品.

laudable
[5lC:dEbl; 5lCdEbl] adj (fml 文) deserving praise; praiseworthy 应受称赞的; 值得夸奖的: * a laudable ambition, endeavour, enterprise, etc 值得夸赞的抱负、 事业、 进取心等 * Her work for charity is highly laudable. 她的慈善工作值得高度赞扬. > laudably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv.

laudanum
[5lC:dEnEm; 5lCdEnEm] n [U] (esp formerly) opium prepared for use as a sedative （尤指旧时）鸦片酊（用作镇静剂）.

laudatory
[5lC:dEtEri; - -tC:ri; 5lCdE7tCri] adj (fml 文) expressing or giving praise 表示称赞的; 赞赏的.

laugh
[la:f; - lAf; lAf] v 1 [I] make the sounds and movements of the face and body that express lively amusement, joy, contempt, etc 笑; 发笑: * laugh aloud/out loud 出声笑、 大声笑 * He's so funny he always makes me laugh. 他真滑稽--总是引得我笑. * Don't laugh (ie think me ridiculous), but I've decided to teach myself Chinese. 别笑话我, 我已决定自学汉语了. 2 [I] have these emotions 感到好笑: * a man who laughs in the face of danger 面临危险而付之一笑的男子 * She hasn't got much to laugh about, poor woman. 她难得开心笑笑, 真可怜. 3 (idm 习语) he who laughs last laughs `longest (saying 谚) (used as a warning against expressing joy or triumph too soon 用以提醒人不要过早高兴或庆幸胜利). laugh in sb's `face openly show one's contempt for sb 公开表示蔑视某人. laugh like a `drain (infml 口) laugh loudly 放声大笑. laugh on the other side of one's face (infml 口) be forced to change from joy or triumph to disappointment or regret 转喜为忧: * He'll be laughing on the other side of his face when he reads this letter. 他看到这封信就要转喜为悲了. laugh sb/sth out of `court (infml 口) dismiss sb/sth scornfully 对某人[某事物]藐视而不予理会: * Their allegations were simply laughed out of court. 他们提出的指责均不屑一顾. laugh oneself `silly/`sick become hysterical or ill by laughing excessively 笑得发狂或难受. laugh till/until one `cries laugh so long or hard that one's eyes water 笑得流眼泪. laugh sb/sth to scorn (fml 文) mock or ridicule sb/sth 取笑或讥笑某人[某事物]. laugh up one's `sleeve (at sb/sth) (infml 口) be secretly amused 暗笑; 窃喜: * She knew the truth all along and was laughing up her sleeve at us. 她早就知道真相, 却一直在暗中笑话我们. 4 (phr v) laugh at sb/sth (a) show that one is amused by sb/sth 因某人[某事物]而发笑: * laugh at a comedian, a joke 被喜剧演员、 被笑话逗笑.

laugh1
(b) mock or ridicule sb/sth 取笑或讥笑某人[某事物]: * We all laughed at Jane when she said she believed in ghosts. 简说她相信有鬼, 大家都笑话她. (c) disregard sb/sth; treat sb/sth with indifference 不在乎某人[某事物]; 对某人[某事物]不以为意: * laugh at danger 对危险等闲视之. laugh sth away dismiss (an unpleasant feeling, etc) by laughing 以笑消除（不快等）: * He tried without success to laugh her fears away. 他想以笑声来驱除她的恐惧, 但无济於事. laugh sb/sth down silence or reject sb/sth by laughing scornfully 用轻藐的笑止住某人[某事物]的声音或驳斥某人[某事物]: * laugh down a speaker, a proposal 用讪笑声止住演讲者的话、 推翻一建议. laugh sth off (infml 口) show that one does not care about sth 一笑置之; 付之一笑: * An actor has to learn to laugh off bad reviews. 演员需学会能对贬斥性评论一笑置之的本事. * There was an embarrassing silence after her indiscreet remark but she was able to laugh it off. 她出言不慎把大家窘得哑然无声, 她却有本事一笑置之. laugh sb out of sth cause sb to forget their problems, etc by making them laugh 使某人发笑以忘掉其问题等: * He could tell she was in a bad mood, and tried to laugh her out of it. 他看出她心情不好, 想逗她笑好让她不再想烦恼的事. 派生： laugh n 1 act, sound or manner of laughing 笑; 笑声; 笑的样子: give, let out, break into, utter, etc a (loud) laugh （大声）笑、 （大）笑起来、 突然（大）笑、 （朗声）一笑 * a cynical, gentle, polite, hearty, etc laugh 愤世嫉俗的、 斯斯文文的、 彬彬有礼的、 开怀的...笑 * I recognized him by his raucous, penetrating laugh. 我听到他那沙哑而又刺耳的笑声就能认出是他. 2 (infml 口) amusing incident or person 引人发笑的事或人; 笑料; 笑柄: And he didn't realize it was you? What a laugh! 他竟没认出那是你? 真可笑! * (ironic 反语) Her, offer to help? That's a laugh! 她, 主动帮她忙? 简直是笑话!

laugh2
* He's a real laugh such fun to be with. 他真是个活宝--跟他在一起真开心. 3 (idm 习语) have the last laugh => last1. raise a laugh/smile => raise. laughable[-Ebl; -Ebl] adj (derog 贬) causing people to laugh; ridiculous 可笑的; 荒谬的: * a laughable attempt to discredit the Government 给政府抹黑的可笑企图. laughably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv.

laughing
[5la:fiN; - 'lAfiN; 5lAfiN] adj 1 showing amusement, happiness, etc 笑的; 带笑的: * laughing faces 笑脸. 2 (idm 习语) be `laughing (sl 俚) be in a satisfactory or enviable situation 满意; 满足; 令人 慕: * It's all right for you, with a good job and a nice house you're laughing. 你行啊, 有份好工作又有好房子--称心如意了. be no laughing matter be sth serious, not to be joked about 不是开玩笑的事. die laughing => die2. 派生： laughingly adv 1 in an amused manner 笑着; 带笑地. 2 (often derog 常作贬义) in an amusing manner; ridiculously 引人发笑地; 可笑地: They're fond of holding what are laughingly known as literary soirees. 他们爱举行戏称之为文学晚会的活动. 复合： `laughing-gas n [U] = nitrous oxide (nitrous). `laughing-stock n (esp sing 尤作单数) person or thing that is ridiculed 笑柄: His constant blunders made him the laughing-stock of the whole class. 他总是出错, 成了全班的笑柄.

laughter
[5la:ftE(r); - 'lAf-; 5lAftl] n [U] act, sound or manner of laughing 笑; 笑声; 笑的样子: * roar with laughter 放声大笑 * tears of laughter 笑出的眼泪 * ahouse full of laughter, ie with a happy relaxed atmosphere充满笑声的家.

launch
1[lC:ntF; lCntF] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] put (sth) into motion; send on its course 使（某事物）运动; 送上轨道: * launch a blow, a missile, a torpedo, a satellite 发出一击、 发射导弹、 发射鱼雷、 发射卫星 * (fig 比喻) launch threats, insults, gibes, etc at sb 威胁、 侮辱、 奚落...某人. 2 [Tn] cause (a ship, esp one newly built) to move into the water 使（船, 尤指新船）下水: * The Queen is to launch a new warship today. 今天女王要主持新军舰下水仪式. * The lifeboat was launched immediately to rescue the four men. 立刻放下了救生船救那四个人. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] put (sth/sb) into action; set going 使（某人[某事物]）行动; 使开始: * launch an attack/offensive (against the enemy) （向敌人）发起攻击[攻势] * The company is launching a new model next month. 下月公司将推出新型号产品. * He's launching his son on a career in banking. 他让儿子从事银行业. 4 (phr v) launch (out) into sth enter boldly or freely into (a course of action) 勇於采取（某行动）; 任意进行（某活动）: * He launched into a long series of excuses for his behaviour. 他一五一十地提出很多藉口为自己的行为辩解. * She wants to be more than just a singer and is launching out into films, ie starting a career as a film actress. 她不甘心只当歌手, 於是开始投身影界. launch out at sb attack sb, physically or verbally 攻击或抨击某人: * He suddenly launched out at me for no reason at all. 他突然无端攻击我. 派生： launch n (esp sing 尤作单数) process of putting into motion a ship, spacecraft or new product （船的）下水; （航天器的）发射; （新产品的）投产或投放: The launch of their new saloon received much media coverage. 他们投产的新轿车广获传媒报道. 复合： `launching pad (also `launch pad) base or platform from which spacecraft, etc are launched （航天器等的）发射台.

launder
[5lC:ndE(r); 5lCndl] v 1 [Tn] (fml 文) wash and iron (clothes, etc) 洗熨（衣物等）: * Send these shirts to be laundered. 把这些衬衣送去洗熨. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] (fig 比喻) transfer (money obtained from crime) to foreign banks, legitimate businesses, etc so as to disguise its source 洗（赃款）（转移到外国银行、 合法公司等以掩蔽其来路）: * The gang laundered the stolen money through their chain of restaurants. 这帮匪徒通过他们的 连锁饭店洗赃款. 派生： laundress[5lC:ndris; 5lCndris] n woman who earns money by laundering 洗熨女工; 洗衣妇.

launderette
(also laundrette)[7lC:ndE'ret, lC:n'dret; lCn'dEret] n business where the public may wash and dry their clothes, etc in coin-operated machines 自助洗衣店（有投币洗衣机设备）.

laundromat
[5lC:ndrEmAt; 5lCndrE7mAt] n (propr 专利名 esp US) launderette 自助洗衣店.

laundry
[5lC:ndri; 5lCndri] n 1 [C] (a) business where clothes, sheets, etc are laundered 洗衣店: * sent to the laundry 送往洗衣店 * [attrib 作定语] a laundry van 洗衣店货车. (b) room in a house, hotel, etc where clothes, sheets, etc are laundered （家庭、 旅馆等的）洗衣房. 2 [U] clothes, sheets, etc that have been or need to be laundered 洗熨好的或需洗熨的衣物: * There's not much laundry this week. 本星期的洗熨衣物不多. * Did you do the laundry today? 你今天洗熨过衣物吗? * [attrib 作定语] a laundry basket 供盛洗熨衣物的篮子.

Laureate
[5lCriEt; - 'lC:r-; 5lCriit] n = Poet Laureate (poet).

laurel
[5lCrEl; - 'lC:rEl; 5lCrEl] n 1 [C] evergreen shrub with smooth glossy leaves 月桂类; 月桂树. 2 (also laurels [pl]) wreath of laurel leaves, used by the ancient Greeks and Romans as an emblem of victory or honour 桂冠（月桂树叶编成的花环, 古希腊人与罗马人用作胜利或荣誉的象徵）. 3 (idm 习语) gain/win one's `laurels win fame or honour 赢得荣誉. look to one's `laurels beware of losing one's position of superiority 意识到可能丧失优越的或优势的地位: * There are so many good new actors around that the older ones will soon have to look to their laurels. 新演员人才辈出, 老演员不久就地位难保了. rest on one's laurels => rest1.

lav
[lAv; lAv] n (infml 口) lavatory 厕所.

lava
[5la:vE; 5lavE] n [U] 1 hot liquid rock that comes out of a volcano （火山喷出的）熔岩: * a stream of lava 熔岩流. =>illus at volcano 见volcano插图. 2 type of rock formed from this when it has cooled and hardened 火山岩.

lavatory
[5lAvEtri; - -tC:ri; 5lAvE7tCri] n 1 (also dated 旧亦作 `water-closet) device, usu consisting of a bowl connected to a drain, used for disposing of waste matter from the body 抽水马桶. 2 room, building, etc equipped with this device （有抽水马桶的）厕所. =>Usage at toilet 用法见toilet.

lavender
[5lAvEndE(r); 5lAvEndl] n [U] 1 (a) plant with sweet-smelling pale purple flowers 薰衣草（开淡紫色花, 味香）. (b) its dried flowers and stalks used to give linen, etc a pleasant smell 乾薰衣草的花及茎（用以薰香衣物等）. 2 pale purple colour 淡紫色. 复合： `lavender-water n [U] delicate perfume made from lavender 薰衣草香水.

lavish
[5lAviF; 5lAviF] adj 1 ~ (in/of/with sth); ~ (in doing sth) giving or producing generously or in large quantities 慷慨的; 大方的: * He was lavish with his praise for/lavish in praising the project. 他对那计画赞不绝口. 2 plentiful; abundant 丰富的; 大量的: * a lavish display, meal, reception 铺张的展示、 饭菜、 招待. 派生： lavish v (phr v) lavish sth on/upon sb/sth give sth to sb/sth abundantly and generously 慷慨而大量地给某人[某事物]: lavish care on an only child 对独生子女关怀备至. lavishly adv.

law
[lC:; lC] n 1 [C] rule established by authority or custom, regulating the behaviour of members of a community, country, etc （具体的）法, 法律, 法规, 法令: * The new law comes into force next month. 新法规下月实施. 2 [U] (also the law) body of such rules （整体的）法, 法律, 法规, 法令: * respect for tribal law 遵守部落的法规 * observe/obey the law 守法[遵法] * Stealing is against the law. 盗窃是违法的. * Children not admitted by law. 儿童不准进入--有法律规定. * I didn't know I was breaking the law, ie doing sth illegal. 我并不知道自己已违法. * be within/outside the law 在法律许可之内[之外] * She acts as if she's above the law, ie as if the law does not apply to her. 她自以为可以凌驾法律之上. * The law is on our side, ie We are right according to the law. 我们是有法律依据的. 3 [U] such rules as a science or subject of study 法律学; 法学: * read (ie study) law at university 在大学攻读法律学 * He gave up law to become a writer. 他放弃学法律而从事写作. * [attrib 作定语] a law student 法律系学生. 4 [C] rule of action or procedure, esp in the arts or a game 规则（尤指艺术或比赛中的）: * the laws of perspective, harmony 透视法、 和声法 * the laws of tennis 网球规则. 5 [C] factual statement of what always happens in certain circumstances; scientific principle 规律; 法则; 定律; 原理: * the law of gravity 引力定律 * the laws of motion 运动定律. 6 the law [sing] (infml 口) the police 警方; 警察: * Watch out here comes the law! 注意--警察来了! 7 (idm 习语) the arm of the law => arm1. be a law unto one`self/it`self behave in an unconventional or unpredictable fashion 以反常规的或不可预料的方式行事: * My car's a law unto itself I can't rely on it. 我的汽车自行其是--靠不住了. go to `law (against sb) ask the lawcourts to decide about a problem, claim, etc 提起诉讼; 打官司. have the `law on sb (infml 口) report sb to the police; start legal proceedings against sb 向警方告发某人; 对某人提出起诉:

law1
* If you do that again I'll have the law on you. 你要是再那样做, 我就报警. law and `order situation in which the law is obeyed 法治: * a breakdown in/of law and order 法治的衰败 * establish, maintain, uphold, etc law and order 建立、 维护、 坚持...法治 * [attrib 作定语] a law-and-order policy 法治方针. the law of `averages principle according to which one believes that if one extreme occurs it will be matched by the other extreme occurring, so that a normal average is maintained 平均律. the law of the `jungle the survival or success of the strongest or the most unscrupulous 丛林法则; 弱肉强食. lay down the `law say with (real or assumed) authority what should be done 以（真的或假的）权威资格说话: * He's always laying down the law about gardening but he really doesn't know much about it. 他总是对园艺工作发号施令, 其实他只是一知半解. the letter of the law => letter. possession is nine points of the law => possession. take the law into one's own `hands disregard the law and take independent (and usu forceful) action to correct sth believed to be wrong 无视法律而私行（通常用武力）惩治. there's no law against sth (infml 口) (doing) sth is allowed （做）某事是许可的: * I'll stay in bed as long as I like there's no law against it. 我在床上爱呆多久就呆多久--谁也管不着. an unwritten law/rule => unwritten. 派生： lawful[-fl; -fEl] adj 1 allowed by law; legal 合法的; 法定的: * take power by lawful means 用合法的手段取得权力. 2 [esp attrib 尤作定语] recognized by law 法律承认的: * his lawful heir 合法继承人. lawfully[-fEli; -fEli] adv. lawless adj (a) (of a country or area) where laws do not exist or are not enforced （指国家或地区）没有法律的, 未实施法律的. (b) (of people or actions) without respect for the law （指人或行为）不法的, 不遵守法律的: a lawless mob looting and destroying shops 洗劫和破坏商店的一群无法无天的暴民. lawlessly adv. lawlessness n [U].

law2
复合： `law-abiding adj obeying the law 遵守法律的: law-abiding citizens 安分守己的公民. `law agent (Scot 苏格兰) solicitor 律师. `law-breaker n person who disobeys the law; criminal 犯法的人; 罪犯. `lawcourt (also ,court of `law) n room or building in which legal cases are heard and judged 法庭; 法院. Cf 参看 court1 1. `Law Lord (in Britain) member of the House of Lords who is qualified to perform its legal work （英国）上议院执掌司法工作的议员. `lawmaker n person who makes laws; legislator 立法者; 立法机关成员. `lawsuit (also suit) n process of bringing a dispute, claim, etc before a court of law for settlement 诉讼.

lawn
1[lC:n; lCn] n [C, U] area of closely-cut grass in the garden of a house or a public park, or used for a game 草坪; 草地: * In summer we mow our lawn once a week. 夏天我们一周给草坪刈草一次. * The house has half an acre of lawn. 这座房子有半英亩草坪. * a `croquet lawn 槌球场. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page vii. 复合： `lawn-mower n machine for cutting the grass on lawns 刈草机. ,lawn `tennis (fml 文) = tennis.

lawyer
[5lC:jE(r); 5lCjl] n person who is trained and qualified in legal matters, esp a solicitor 律师; （尤指）事务律师: * Don't sign anything until you've consulted a lawyer. 未请教律师, 不要随便签字. Cf 参看 advocate n 2, attorney 2, barrister.

lax
[lAks; lAks] adj not sufficiently strict or severe; negligent 不严格的; 不严厉的; 疏忽的: * lax security, behaviour, regulations 不严谨的保安措施、 行为、 规则 * He's too lax with his pupils. 他对小学生管教太松. > laxity[5lAksEti; 5lAksEti] n [U]. laxly adv.

laxative
[5lAksEtiv; 5lAksEtiv] n, adj (medicine, food or drink) causing or helping the bowels to empty 缓泻的; 通便的; 泻药; 有通便作用的饮食: * If you're constipated you may need a laxative. 便秘时可服用泻剂.

lay
by

lay1
6 [Tn] (fml 文) cause (sth) to be less strong; allay 使（某事物）减轻, 平息, 缓解: lay sb's fears, doubts, suspicions, etc 消除某人的恐惧、 疑虑、 怀疑等. * OTHER MEANINGS 其他意义 7 [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.n, Dn.f no passive 不用於被动语态] ~ sth (on sth) bet (money) on sth; place (a bet) 就某事赌（钱）; 压（赌注）: gamblers laying their stakes in roulette 在轮盘赌上压赌注的赌徒 * How much did you lay on that race? 那场赛马你下了多少赌注? * I'll lay you 5 that she won't come. 我看她不来了, 我愿跟你赌5英镑. 8 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] ( sl 讳, 俚) (of a man) have sexual intercourse with (a woman) （指男子）与（某女子）性交; : get laid 挨 . 9 [I, Tn] (of birds, insects, etc) produce (eggs) （指鸟、 虫等）产（卵）: The hens are not laying well (ie not producing many eggs) at the moment. 现在那些母鸡不爱下蛋. * The cuckoo lays its eggs in other birds' nests. 杜鹃在别的鸟巢中产卵. * new-laid eggs at 90p a dozen 90便士一打的鲜蛋. 10 (in some combinations of lay + n + prep/infinitive, having the same meaning as a v related in form to the n 某些lay + n + prep/infinitive的组合, 其意义与该名词形式相关的动词相同, 如 lay the emphasis on certain points = emphasize certain points): lay stress on neatness, ie stress it 强调整齐 * Who should we lay the blame on? ie Who should we blame? 我们该责备谁? * lay (one's) plans (ie plan) to do sth 计画做某事 * lay a trap for (ie prepare to trap) sb 将某人诱入圈套. 11 (idm 习语) lay it `on (`thick/with a `trowel) (infml 口) use exaggerated praise, flattery, etc 夸大地赞扬、 恭维等: To call him a genius is laying it on a bit (too thick)! 把他称为天才是有点过分了. (For other idioms containing lay, see entries for ns, adjs, etc 与lay搭配的其他习语见有关名词、 形容词等的词条, 如 lay one's hands on sb/sth => hand1; lay sth bare => bare1.)

lay2
12 (phr v) lay a`bout one (with sth) hit out in all directions 向四周挥打: As we approached her, she laid about her with a stick. 我们接近她时, 她就挥棒乱打. lay about sb/sth (with sth) attack sb/sth with words or blows 用言语或拳、 棒等攻击某人[某事物]: She laid about him, calling him a liar and a cheat. 她攻击他, 说他说谎、 是个骗子. lay sth aside (fml 文) (a) put sth aside 把某事物放在一边: I laid my book aside, turned off the light and went to sleep. 我把书放在一边, 关了灯睡觉. (b) abandon sth; give sth up 抛弃或放弃某事物: lay aside one's studies, one's responsibilities 放弃学业、 责任. (c) (also lay sth by) keep sth for future use; save sth 留存某物以备将来之用; 储存某物: lay some money aside for one's old age 积钱防老. lay sth away (US) pay a deposit on sth to reserve it until full payment is made 付定钱购某物, 俟货款付齐再行交货. lay sth down (a) store (wine) in a cellar, etc 将（酒）贮存於地窖等: lay down claret 贮存乾红葡萄酒. (b) (begin to) build sth （开始）建造某物: lay down a new ship, railway track 建造新船、 新铁路. (c) (fml 文) cease to perform sth; give sth up 停止行使某事物; 放弃某事物: lay down one's office, duties 放弃职务、 中止义务. lay sth down; lay it `down that... give sth as a rule, principle, etc; establish 制定规则、 原则等: You can't lay down hard and fast rules. 规则不能定得太严太死. * It is laid down that all applicants must sit a written exam. 根据规定, 申请者一律需经笔试. lay sth in provide oneself with a stock of sth 储备某物: lay in food, coal, supplies, etc 储存食物、 煤、 供应品等. lay into sb/sth (infml 口) attack sb/sth violently, with words or blows 用言语或拳、 棒等猛烈攻击某人[某事物]lay3 /// * Lay off him! Can't you see he's badly hurt? 别碰他! 你没看见他伤得很厉害吗? lay `off (sth) (infml 口) stop doing or using sth harmful, etc 不再做或使用有害的事物等: I've smoked cigarettes for years, but now I'm going to lay off (them). 我抽烟很多年了, 现在打算戒了. * You must lay off alcohol for a while. 在一段时期内你必须禁酒. lay sb `off dismiss (workers), usu for a short time 解雇（工人）（通常为短期）: They were laid off because of the lack of new orders. 由於没有新的定货, 他们遭暂时解雇. lay sth `on (a) supply (gas, water, etc) for a house, etc （给住房等）供应（煤气、 水等）: We can't move in until the electricity has been laid on. 我们得等电源接通後才能搬进去. (b) (infml 口) provide sth; arrange sth 提供某事物; 安排某事物: lay on a party, show, trip 组织娱乐会、 展览会、 出游 * lay on food and drink 提供食物和饮料 * Sightseeing tours are laid on for visitors. 已为来访者安排了观光活动. lay sb `out knock sb unconscious 打昏（某人）: The boxer was laid out in the fifth round. 那个拳击手在第五回合中被击昏在地. lay sth `out (a) spread sth out ready for use or to be seen easily 展开某物（为备用或易见）: beautiful jewellery laid out in the shop window 陈列在橱窗里的漂亮珠宝 * Please lay out all the clothes you want to take on holiday. 请把你想带去度假的衣服摊开看看. (b) (often passive 常用於被动语态) arrange sth in a planned way 有计划地安排某事物: lay out a town, garden 设计城市、 布置花园 * a well laid out magazine 设计得精美的杂志. (c) (infml 口) spend (money) 花 （钱）: I had to lay out a fortune on that car. 我得为那辆汽车花上一大笔钱. (d) prepare (a corpse) for burial 给（ 体）作敛葬准备. lay `over (US) stop at a place on a journey 旅途中停留: We laid over in Arizona on the way to California. 我们在赴加利福尼亚州途中曾在亚利桑那州停留. Cf 参看 stopover ((STOP stop>>1).

lay4
lay sb `up (usu passive 通常用於被动语态) cause sb to stay in bed, not be able to work, etc 使某人卧床、 不能工作等: She's laid up with a broken leg. 她因腿伤卧床. * I've been laid up with flu for a week. 我患流感已在家休息一个星期了. lay sth up (a) save sth; store sth 保留某物; 储存某物: lay up supplies, fuel, etc 储备供应品、 燃料等. (b) put (a vehicle, ship, etc) out of use 将（车、 船等）搁置不用: lay a ship up for repairs 让船进坞修理 * My car's laid up at the moment. 我的汽车闲着没用. lay sth up (for oneself) ensure by what one does or fails to do that one will have trouble in the future （自）找麻烦: You're only laying up trouble (for yourself) by not mending that roof now. 你不趁现在修理房顶将来给自己找麻烦. 派生： lay n ( sl esp sexist 讳, 俚, 尤含性别偏见) partner in sexual intercourse (esp a woman) 性交的对方（尤指女方）: an easy lay, ie a person who is ready and willing to have sexual intercourse 性关系随便的人. 复合： `layaway n [U] (US) system of reserving goods by putting a deposit on them until full payment is made 预约购货法（预付定金留货, 付足供款後始予交货的制度）: She buys her Xmas presents on layaway. 她用预约购货法购买圣诞礼物. `lay-off n (a) dismissal of a worker, usu for a short time 解雇工人（通常为短期）: many lay-offs among factory workers 工人中许多暂遭解雇的人. (b) period of this 暂时解雇期: a long lay-off over the winter 长达一冬的暂时解雇. `layout n way in which the parts of sth are arranged according to a plan 安排; 设计; 布局; 编排: the layout of rooms in a building 建 物内房间的布局 * a magazine'sattractive new page layout 某杂志醒目而新颖的版面编排. `lay-over n (US) short stop on a journey 旅途中的短期停留. Cf 参看 stopover (stop1).

layabout
[5leiEbaut; 5leE7baut] n (Brit infml 口) lazy person who avoids work 懒人; 不务正业的人.

layette
[lei'et; le'et] n set of clothes, nappies, rugs, etc for a new-born baby 新生儿全套用品（婴儿服、 尿布、 毯子等）.

layman
=> lay2.

laze
[leiz; lez] v 1 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (about/around) be lazy; rest; relax 懒散; 闲散; 松散: * lazing by the river all day 整天在河边闲荡 * spend the afternoon lazing around (the house) （在家里）闲散地度过一下午. 2 (phr v) laze sth away spend (time) idly 懒散地打发（时光）: * You can't go on lazing your life away. 你可不能一直懒散地过一辈子.

lazy
[5leizi; 5lezi] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 unwilling to work; doing little work 不愿工作的; 懒惰的; 懒散的: * He's not stupid, just lazy. 他倒不笨, 就是懒. 2 showing or causing a lack of energy or activity 懒洋洋的; 无精打采的; 令人发懒的: * a lazy yawn 懒洋洋的呵欠 * a lazy summer evening 令人发懒的夏日黄昏 * We spent a lazy day at the beach. 我们在海滩上度过了闲散的一天. > lazily adv: * a river flowing lazily beside the meadow 在草泽旁缓缓流着的河. laziness n [U]. 复合： `lazy-bones n (infml 口) lazy person 懒骨头; 懒虫; 懒人. ,lazy `Susan (US) = dumb waiter (dumb).

lb
abbr 缩写 = (pl unchanged or lbs 复数或不变或作lbs) pound (weight) (Latin libra) （源自拉丁文libra）: apples 20p (ie 20 pence) per lb 苹果每磅20便士 * Add 2lb sugar. 加两磅糖. Cf 参看 oz.

lbw
[7el bi: 'dQblju:; 7el bi 'dQblju] abbr 缩写 = (in cricket) leg before wicket.

LCD
[7el si: 'di:; 7el si 'di] abbr 缩写 = (electronics 电子) liquid crystal display 液晶显示.

lea
[li:; li] n (arch 古) area of open grassland; meadow 草原; 草地.

leach
[li:tF; litF] v 1 [Tn] make (liquid) percolatethrough soil, ore, ash, etc 使（液体）过滤. 2 [Tn.pr, Tn.p]~ sth from sth; ~ sth out/away remove (soluble matter) from sth by the action of a percolating fluid 滤去某物中的（可溶物质）: * leach minerals from the soil 滤去土壤中的矿物质.

lead
1[led; led] n 1 [U] (chemistry 化) heavy soft metal of dull greyish colour, used for water pipes, in roofing, as a radiation shield, etc and which is mixed with other metals to form alloys 铅. =>App 10 见附录10. 2 [C, U] (thin stick of) graphite used as the part of a pencil that makes a mark 铅笔心. 3 [C] (nautical 海) lump of lead fastened to a cord, used for measuring the depth of water beneath a ship 测深锤. 4 leads/ledz; ledz] [pl] (a) strips of lead used to cover a roof （铺屋顶用的）铅皮, 长条铅板. (b) area of roof (esp flat) covered with these 铅皮铺的屋顶. (c) framework of lead strips holding glass panes, eg in a lattice window 固定玻璃的铅框（如格子窗上的）. 5 (idm 习语) swing the lead => swing1. 派生： leaded[5ledid; 5ledid] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] covered or framed with lead 铅皮覆盖的; 铅框的: * leaded windows, glass 铅框窗户、 镶有铅框的玻璃. ,leaded `light small panel of leaded glass, esp coloured, forming part of a larger window 花饰铅条窗（尤指彩色的, 为大窗的一部分）. leaden[5ledn; 5ledn] adj 1 dull, heavy or slow 沉闷的; 沉重的; 缓慢的: * the leaden atmosphere of the museum 博物馆里那沉滞的气氛 * a leaden heart 沉重的心 * moving at a leaden pace 沉重而缓慢地移动. 2 lead-coloured; dull grey 铅灰色的; 暗灰色的: * leaden clouds promising rain 预示有雨的铅灰色的云. 3 [attrib 作定语] (dated 旧) made of lead 铅制的: * leaden pipes 铅管. leading[5lediN; 5lediN] n [U] (in printing) space between lines of print （印刷术中的）行间距. 复合： ,lead `pencil stick of graphite enclosed in a wooden or metal holder, used for writing or drawing 铅笔. ,lead-`poisoning n diseased condition caused by taking lead into the body 铅中毒.

leader
[5li:dE(r); 5lidl] n 1 person or thing that leads 领导者; 领袖; 首领; 指挥者; 起引导作用的事物: * the leader of an expedition, a gang, the Opposition, etc 考察队领队、 团伙头目、 反对党领袖等 * He is well up with the leaders (ie the leading competitors) at the half-way stage of the race. 比赛进行到一半时他已和最先的几名赛者并驾齐驱了. 2 (music 音) (US `concert-master) principal first violinist of an orchestra （管弦乐队中的）首席小提琴手. 3 (law 律) principal counsel in a court case 居主导地位的讼务律师. 4 = leading article (leading). 5 blank strip at the beginning of a tape, film, etc used to help when threading into a machine （磁带、 胶卷等前端的）空白段. 6 (botany 植) long thin shoot growing from a stem or branch, esp of fruit trees, usu cut back in pruning （茎或枝上的）顶枝（尤指果树的）. 派生： leaderless adj: a leaderless rabble 无领导的暴民. leadership n 1 [U] being a leader 作为领导者; 领导: the responsibilities of leadership 领导的责任 * [attrib 作定语] a leadership crisis 领导者地位的危机. 2 [U] ability to be a leader 领导能力: qualities of leadership necessary in a team captain 任领队的领导素质 * [attrib 作定语] leadership potential 领导潜力. 3 [CGp] group of leaders 领导人员; 领导层: calling for firm action by the union leadership 工会领导人号召采取坚决行动. 复合： ,Leader of the `House (in Britain) member of the government in the House of Commons or Lords who arranges and announces the business of the House （英国）下议院或上议院的议长.

leading
[5li:diN; 5lidiN] adj [attrib 作定语] 1 most important; chief 最重要的; 主要的: * one of the leading writers of her day 她那个时代最重要的作家之一 * play a leading role in sth 在某事中起主要作用. 2 in first position(s) 首位的; 前列的: * the leading runners 跑在前面的人. 复合： ,leading `article (also leader) (Brit journalism 新闻) principal newspaper article by the editor, giving opinions on events, policies, etc; editorial （报纸的）社论. ,leading `edge forward edge of an aircraft's wing （飞机机翼的）前缘. ,leading `lady, leading man actor taking the chief part in a play, etc （戏剧等中）演主角的演员. ,leading `light (infml approv 口, 褒) prominent member of a group （一组织中的）重要人物: one of the leading lights of our club 我们俱乐部的重要人物. ,leading `question question that is worded so as to prompt the desired answer 诱导性询问（希望按询问者的意思回答的）. `leading-rein n (a) long rein used for leading a horse 绳. (b) (also `walking rein) strap attached to a lightweight harness worn by a young child who has just learnt to walk 缚住学行幼儿的带子.

leaf
[li:f; lif] n (pl leaves/li:vz; livz] ) 1 [C] one of the (usu green and flat) parts of a plant, growing from a stem or branch or directly from the root 叶子: * lettuce, cabbage, etc leaves 苣、 洋白菜等的叶子 * sweep up the dead leaves 扫枯叶. 2 [C] sheet of paper (esp forming two pages of a book) 叶; 页; （尤指书或本中有两个印刷面的）张: * carefully turn over the leaves of the precious volume 小心翻动珍本书的书页 * a loose leaf of paper lying on the desk 脱落在书桌上的一页纸. 3 [U] metal, esp gold or silver, in the form of very thin sheets 金属薄片; （尤指）金箔, 银箔: * gold leaf 金箔. 4 [C] hinged flap or detachable section used to extend a table-top （延长桌面的）折面或活面. 5 (idm 习语) come into/be in `leaf grow/be covered with leaves 长出[长满]叶子. shake like a leaf => shake1. take a leaf out of sb's `book copy sb; act or behave in a similar way to sb 模仿某人; 行为或举止学某人. turn over a new leaf => new. 派生： leaf v (phr v) leaf through sth turn over the pages of (a book, etc) quickly; glance through sth 快速翻（书页等）; 浏览某物: leaf idly through a magazine while waiting 等候时无聊地浏览杂志. leafage[5li:fidV; 5lifidV] n [U] leaves collectively; foliage 叶子（总称）. leafless adj having no leaves 无叶的. leafy adj (-ier, -iest) (a) covered in or having many leaves 多叶的; 长满叶子的: a leafy forest, branch, bush 树叶茂密的森林、 树枝、 灌木. (b) consisting of leaves 由叶子构成的: leafy vegetables 叶状蔬菜. (c) made or caused by leaves 叶子制的; 由叶子造成的: a leafy shade 叶子形成的荫. 复合： `leaf-mould n [U] soil or compost consisting mostly of decayed leaves （主要由腐叶组成的）腐叶土.

leaflet
[5li:flit; 5liflit] n 1 printed sheet of paper, usu folded and free of charge, containing information 散页印刷品; （通常指）传单: * pick up a leaflet about care of the teeth 拿起一张宣传保护牙齿的传单. 2 (botany 植) small leaf 小叶.

league
1[li:g; lig] n 1 group of people or countries combined for a particular purpose 联盟; 同盟: * the League of Nations 国际联盟. 2 group of sports clubs competing against each other for a championship （参赛运动队的）联盟: * the local darts league 地方掷镖俱乐部联盟 * [attrib 作定语] the league champions 联赛冠军 * bottom of the league table 联赛成绩名次表上的末尾. 3 (infml 口) class or category of excellence （好坏的）等级, 范畴: * They're not in the same league. 他们不属同一级别. * I'm not in his league. 我不是他那一类人. * be out of one's league, ie outclassed 不如与自己同类的人. 4 (idm 习语) in league (with sb) conspiring together; allied 共谋; 联合: * He pretended not to know her but in fact they were in league (together). 他装着不认识她, 其实他们暗中勾结（在一起）. 派生： league v (phr v) league together form a league; unite 组成联盟; 联合: We must league together against this threat. 面对这种威胁我们必须联合起来.

leak
[li:k; lik] n 1 (a) hole, crack, etc through which liquid or gas may wrongly get in or out 漏洞; 裂隙: * a leak in the roof, ie allowing rain to enter 屋顶的裂隙 * a leak in the gas pipe, ie allowing gas to escape 煤气管上的裂缝 * a slow leak in a bicycle tyre 自行车内胎上的细孔. (b) liquid or gas that passes through this 泄出的液体或气体: * smell a gas leak 闻出有泄出的煤气味. 2 similar escape of an electric charge, caused by faulty insulation, etc 漏电（因绝缘不良等）. 3 (fig 比喻) accidental or deliberate disclosure of secret or confidential information 泄露或透露的秘密或情报: * the latest in a series of damaging leaks 一系列危害性泄密事件中最新的一椿. 4 ( sl 讳, 俚) act of urination 撒尿: * have/take/go for a leak 撒尿. 5 (idm 习语) spring a leak => spring3. 派生： leak v 1 (a) [I] (of a container) allow liquid or gas to get in or out wrongly （指容器）漏: This boat leaks like a sieve, ie very badly. 这条船漏得像个筛子. (b) [I, Ipr, Ip] (of liquid or gas) get in or out in this way （指液体或气体）渗入或逸出: The rain's leaking in. 雨水在往里渗. * Air leaked out of the balloon. 空气自气球中逸出. =>Usage at drip1 用法见drip1. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) reveal (information) 透露或泄露（情报）: Who leaked this to the press? 这件事是谁泄露给新闻界的? 3 (phr v) leak out (of information) become known （指情报）泄露, 透露: The details were supposed to be secret but somehow leaked out. 这些细节原属秘密, 可是不知怎麽给泄露出去了. leakage[5li:kidV; 5likidV] n 1 [C, U] (instance of) leaking 渗漏; 泄露: * a leakage of toxic waste 有毒废物的渗漏 * (fig 比喻) The leakage of technological secrets is reaching alarming proportions. 技术秘密的泄露已达到惊人的程度. 2 [C] thing that has leaked 渗漏物. leaky adj lean /// 1/li:n; lin] adj (-er, -est) 1 (of people and animals) without much flesh; thin and healthy （指人或动物）瘦的: * a lean athletic body 瘦而矫健的身体. 2 (of meat) containing little or no fat （指肉）脂肪少的, 无脂肪的: * lean beef 瘦牛肉. 3 [esp attrib 尤作定语] (a) small in amount or quality; meagre 少量的; 质量低的; 贫乏的: * a lean diet, harvest 量少的饮食、 收获. (b) (of a period of time) not productive （指一段时间）产量低的: * lean years 歉岁 * a lean season for good films 好影片不多的一段时期. 派生： lean n [U] lean part of meat 瘦肉: a lot of fat but not much lean 肥肉多瘦肉少. leanness[5li:nnis; 5linnis] n [U].

leap
[li:p; lip] v (pt, pp leapt/lept; lept] or leaped/li:pt; lipt/) =>Usage at dream2 用法见dream2. 1 [I, Ipr, Ip] jump vigorously 跳; 跳跃: * The cat leapt from the chair. 猫从椅子上跳开了. * (fig 比喻) My heart leapt for joy at the news. 我听到这个消息心情万分激动. * A frog leapt out. 一只青蛙一跃而出. 2 [I, Ipr, Ip] move quickly in the specified direction; rush 迅速向某方向运动; 冲; 窜: * leap to the telephone, into one's car, upstairs 冲过去抓电话、 一头钻进汽车里、 冲上楼去 * (fig 比喻) They leapt to stardom with their first record. 他们录制了第一张唱片, 一跃而入明星行列. 3 (a) [Tn] jump over (an obstacle) 跳过（障碍）: * leap a gate, puddle, ditch, etc 跳过大门、 水洼、 壕沟等. (b) [Tn.pr] ~ sth over sth cause (a horse, etc) to jump over (an obstacle) 使（马等）跃过（障碍）: * leap a horse over a fence 策马跃过篱笆. =>Usage at jump2 用法见jump2. 4 (idm 习语) jump/leap to con`clusions => conclusion. ,look before you `leap (saying 谚) consider the possible consequences before taking action 慎思而後行. 5 (phr v) leap at sth accept sth eagerly, without hesitation 迫不及待地接受某事物: * She leapt at the chance to go to America. 她立刻抓住时机赴美. * leap at an opportunity, offer, invitation, etc 立刻抓住机会、 接受提议、 接受邀请等. 派生： leap n 1 vigorous jump 跳; 跳跃: He crossed the garden in three leaps. 他跳叁步就跨过了花园. 2 (fig 比喻) rapid increase or change 激增; 骤变: a leap in prices, oil production, the number of people out of work 价格、 石油产量、 失业人数激增. 3 (idm 习语) by/in ,leaps and `bounds very rapidly 非常迅速: Her health is improving by leaps and bounds. 她的健康迅速好转. a leap/shot in the dark => dark1. leaping adj [attrib 作定语] moving up and down quickly and irregularly 跃动的; 跳跃的: leaping waves, flames, etc 翻腾的波浪、 跳动的火焰.

leap1
复合： `leap-frog n [U] game in which each player in turn leaps with parted legs over another who is bending down 跳背游戏. v (-gg-) [Tn] leap over (sb) in this way 跳过（某人）（作跳背游戏）. `leap year one year in every four years, with an extra day (29 February) 闰年.

learn
[lE:n; lEn] v (pt, pp learnt/lE:nt; lEnt] or learned/lE:nd; lEnd] ) =>Usage at dream2 用法见dream2. 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Tw, Tt] ~ (sth) (from sb/sth) gain knowledge or skill by study, experience or being taught 学; 学习: * I can't drive yet I'm still learning. 我还不会开车--我仍在学. * learn from one's mistakes 从错误中学 * learn a poem by heart, ie memorize it 背熟一首诗 * She learns languages with ease. 她学语言不费劲. * learn (how) to swim, to walk, to fly, etc 学习游泳、 走路、 飞行等. 2 [Ipr, Tn, Tf, Tw] ~ (of/about) sth become aware of (sth) through information or observation; realize 获悉; 得知; 认识到: * I'm sorry to learn of/about your illness. 听说你病了, 我十分难过. * I never learned his name. 我从未听说过他的名字. * learn (that) it's no use blaming other people 认识到埋怨别人是没有用的 * learn what it means to be poor 领悟贫困的含义. 3 (idm 习语) learn one's `lesson learn what to do or not to do in future by noting the results of one's actions 汲取教训: * I'll never do that again; I've learned my lesson! 我再也不做那种事了, 我已有了教训! show sb/know/learn the ropes => rope. you/we live and learn => live2. 派生： learned[5lE:nid; 5lEnid] adj 1 having much knowledge acquired by study 有学问的; 博学的: * learned men 学者 * He's very learned but rather absent-minded. 他很有学问, 可是好忘事. 2 of or for learned people 学术性的; 为学者的: * learned journals, societies, language 学术刊物、 团体、 语言 * the learned professions, eg law, medicine 有学识的职业（如法律、 医学） * (law 律) my learned friend, ie legal colleague (a term of courtesy) （法律界同行之间的敬称）. learnedly adv: * speak learnedly and at length 讲话有学问又很详尽. learner n person who is gaining knowledge or skill 学习者: I'm still only a learner, so don't expect perfection! 我还在学习, 别指望我十全十美!

learn1
* a quick/slow learner 聪明的[迟钝的]学习者 * That car's being driven by a learner, ie a learner driver. 那辆汽车正由见习司机驾驶. learning n [U] knowledge obtained by study 学问; 学识; 知识: a man of great learning 学识渊博的人. 复合： ,learner `driver person who is learning to drive but has not yet passed the driving test 见习司机.

lease
[li:s; lis] n 1 contract by which the owner of land, a building, etc allows another person to use it for a specified time, usu in return for rent （土地、 房屋等的）租约, 租契: * take out a lease on a holiday home 租妥一所度假住宅 * When does the lease expire? 租约什麽时候期满? * The lease has four years left to run. 租约还有四年到期. * (esp Brit) have a flat on a 99-year lease 有一套租期为99年的单元. =>Usage at tenant 用法见tenant. 2 (idm 习语) a new lease of life => new. 派生： lease v [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.n] ~ sth (to/from sb) grant or obtain the use of (sth) in this way 出租; 租得: lease a car, building, field 租汽车、 房子、 土地 * The firm leases an office with views over the river. 公司租一个带临河风景的办事处. 复合： `leasehold n ~ (of/on sth) (esp Brit) holding of property by means of a lease 租赁; 租赁权; 租赁期: have the leasehold on a house, etc 租得一所房子等. adj, adv: a leasehold property 租赁的房地产 * own a flat leasehold 对一套住房有租赁权. `leaseholder n. Cf 参看 freehold (free1).

leash
[li:F; liF] n 1 = lead2 7. 2 (idm 习语) hold sth in `leash restrain sth 抑制某事物: * I managed to hold my anger in leash until she had gone. 我压住火儿她在场时没有发作. strain at the leash => strain1.

least
[li:st; list] indef det, indef pron (used as the superlative of little2 用作little2的最高级) smallest in size, amount, extent, etc 最小的; 最少的; 最小; 最少. (a) (det): * He's the best teacher even though he has the least experience. 他尽管经验最少, 但教得最好. * The least worry we have is about the weather. 我们最不担心的就是天气. * If you had only the least thought for others you would not have spoken out in that way. 你若稍为他人着想, 必不会那样说话. =>Usage at much 用法见much. (b) (pron): * That's the least of my anxieties. 那是我最不担心的. * It's the least I can do to help. 这是我能帮忙做的最起码的事了. * She gave (the) least of all towards the wedding-present. 她给的结婚礼物最少. 派生： least adv 1 to the smallest extent 最少; 最小: just when we least expected it 偏偏在我们最想不到的时候 * He disliked many of his teachers and Miss Smith he liked (the) least. 很多老师他都不喜欢, 最不喜欢的是那个女教师史密斯. * She chose the least expensive of the hotels. 她选了一家最便宜的旅馆. * one of the least performed of Shakespeare's plays 莎士比亚戏剧中演得最少的一出. 2 (idm 习语) at least (a) if nothing else is true; at any rate 反正; 无论如何: She may be slow but at least she's reliable. 她迟钝是迟钝, 但无论如何她很可靠. (b) not less than 至少: at least 3 months, 3, 10 inches 至少3个月、 3英镑、 10英寸. ,least of `all to an insignificant degree 最不; 尤其: Nobody need worry, you least of all/least of all you. 谁也不必担心, 尤其是你. * Least of all would I lie to you. 我最犯不上对你撒谎了. ,not in the `least absolutely not; not at all 绝对不; 一点也不: It doesn't matter in the least. 那绝对不要紧. * `Would you mind if I put the television on?’ `No, not in the least.’ ‘我开电视机影响你吗?’‘一点都不影响.’ not least especially; in particular 尤其是; 特别是: The film caused a lot of bad feeling, not least among the workers whose lives it described. 那影片招致许多人的反感, 尤其是工人不满其中对工人生活的描写. last but not least => last2.

least1
复合： `leastways, `leastwise advs (dialect or infml 方或口) or at least 或至少: There's no pub round here, leastways not that I know of. 附近没有酒店, 至少据我所知没有.

leather
[5leTE(r); 5leTl] n [U] 1 material made by tanning animal skins 皮革: * This sofa is covered in real leather. 这沙发是真皮的. * [attrib 作定语] leather shoes, gloves, belts, etc 皮鞋、 皮手套、 皮带. 2 (idm 习语) hell for leather => hell. 派生： leatherette[7leTE'ret; 7leTE'ret] n [U] imitation leather 人造革; 人造皮. leathery[5leTEri; 5leTEri] adj as tough as leather 坚韧如皮革的: * leathery skin, meat 粗而硬的皮肤、 嚼不动的肉. 复合： `leather-jacket n grub of the crane-fly 大蚊的幼虫.

leave
1[li:v; liv] v (pt, pp left/left; left] ) 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] go away from (a person or place) 离开（某人或某处）: * It's time for us to leave/time we left. 我们该走了. * The plane leaves Heathrow for Orly at 12.35. 飞机於12时35分自希思罗机场起飞前往奥利. 2 [I, Tn] cease to live at (a place), belong to (a group), work for (an employer), etc 不再居於（某地）、 不再归属（某团体）、 不再为（某雇主）工作等: * He left England in 1964 and never returned. 他於1964年离开英国, 一去不返. * Many children leave school at 16. 很多学生16岁就毕业了. * My secretary has threatened to leave. 我的秘书威胁说要辞职. 3 [Cn.a, Cn.g] cause or allow (sb/sth) to remain in a certain condition, place, etc 使或让（某人[某事物]）处某状态、 某地等: * Leave the door open, please. 让门开着吧. * Don't leave her waiting outside in the rain. 别让她在外边雨中等着. 4 [Tn, Tn.pr] neglect or fail to take or bring (sth) 忽略或未拿或未带（某物）: * I've left my gloves on the bus. 我把手套落在公共汽车上了. 5 [Tn, Tn.pr] cause (sth) to remain as a result 使（某事物）留下而造成某结果: * Red wine leaves a stain. 红葡萄酒能留下痕迹. * The accident left a scar on her leg. 那次事故後她的腿上留下了伤疤. 6 [Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (for sb) hand over (sth) and then go away 留下, 交待下（某物）: * Did the postman leave anything? 邮递员什麽也没有留下吗? * Someone left you this note/left this note for you. 有人给你留下这张条子. 7 [Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth to sb give sth as a legacy to sb 将某物遗赠给某人: * How much did he leave? 他遗留下多少钱? * She left you 500. 她遗留给你500英镑. * leave all one's money to charity 把所有的钱遗赠给慈善事业. 8 [Tn.pr] entrust (sth) to another person 将（某事物）托付给他人: * You can leave the cooking to me. 做饭的事你尽可以交给我.

leave1
* leave an assistant in charge of the shop/leave the shop in an assistant's charge 留下一店员照管店铺[把店铺交付给一店员照料]. 9 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (till/until sth) delay doing or having sth 暂时不做或不用某事物: * Let's leave the washing-up till the morning. 餐具留到明天上午再洗吧. * I like to leave the best bits till last. 我喜欢把最好的留到最後. 10 [Tn] (mathematics 数) have (a certain amount) remaining 剩下（某量）: * Seven from ten/Ten minus seven leaves three, ie 107 = 3. 10减7得3. * There are six days left before we go. 离我们出发还剩下六天. 11 [Tn] have (sb) remaining alive 留下（某人）活在世上: * He leaves a widow and two children. 他身後留下一个寡妇和两个孩子. 12 (idm 习语) be left at the `post be left far behind from the start (of a contest, etc) （比赛等）一开始就被远抛在後. keep/leave one's options open => option. leave/let sb/sth a`lone/`be not disturb or interfere with sb/sth 不打扰或不干预某人[某事物]: * Leave me be! Go away! 别打扰我! 走开! * I've told you to leave my things alone. 我已经告诉过你不要动我的东西. leave a bad/nasty `taste in the mouth (of experiences) be followed by feelings of disgust, anger or shame （指经历）留下令人厌恶、 气愤或羞耻的感觉. leave sb `cold fail to move, interest or impress sb 未打动某人; 引不起某人的兴趣; 未使某人产生好感: * Her emotional appeal left him completely cold. 她虽动情, 他却无动於衷. * Jellied eels leave me cold! 我可不喜欢吃鳗鱼冻! leave the `door open allow for the possibility of further discussion, negotiation, etc 门仍开着（有进一步讨论、 谈判等的可能）: * Although talks have broken down the door has beenleft open. 谈判虽中断, 但谈判的大门却未关. leave `go/`hold (of sth) release (sth) 松开（某物）: * Leave go of my arm you're hurting! 松开我的胳膊--你把我弄疼了! Cf 参看 let sb/sth go (let1). leave sb holding the `baby (infml 口) give sb unwanted responsibilities leave2 /// * We'll never agree, so let's just leave it at that. 我们绝不能取得一致意见, 还是到此为止吧. leave a lot, much, something, nothing, etc to be de`sired be very, etc (un)satisfactory 令人极（不）满意: * Your conduct leaves a lot to be desired, ie is extremely unsatisfactory. 你的品行极须改进. leave the `room (euph 婉) go to the lavatory to relieve oneself 上厕所. leave no stone un`turned (to do sth) try every possible means 千方百计; 想方设法: * They left no stone unturned in their search for the child's mother. 他们千方百计寻找孩子的母亲. leave sth out of ac`count/conside`ration fail to allow for sth; treat sth as unimportant 忽略某事; 不重视某事物. leave sb/be/go out on a limb => limb. leave sb to his own de`vices/to him`self allow or force sb to deal with problems unaided; not try to control sb 让某人独立处理问题; 不支配某人: * He leaves his staff to their own devices as long as the work gets done he's happy. 他让手下人自行处理--只要工作能完成, 他就满意了. leave sb/sth to the tender mercy/mercies of sb/sth (ironic 反语) expose sb/sth to cruel or rough treatment by sb/sth 任某人[某事物]受他人[他事物]的粗暴对待: * Never leave a silk shirt to the tender mercies of an automatic washing-machine. 切勿用自动洗衣机洗绸衬衫. leave/let well alone => well3. leave word (with sb) give a message (to sb) （给某人）留信息: * Please leave word with my secretary if you can't come. 你要是不能来, 请给我的秘书留话. 13 (phr v) leave sth aside not consider sth; disregard 不考虑某事物; 忽视: * Leaving the expense aside, do we actually need a second car? 费用多少不说, 且问我们真的需要再来一辆汽车吗? leave sb/sth behind (a) fail or forget to bring or take sb/sth 未能或忘记带某人[某物]: * Wait don't leave me behind! 等等--别把我丢下!

leave3
* It won't rain: * you can leave your umbrella behind. 不会下雨, 你不必带伞了. (b) (fml 文) cause (signs of one's actions, an event, etc) to remain 留下（行为、 事件等的痕迹）: * a ruler who left behind a legacy of bitterness 使後人痛苦的统治者 * The storm left a trail of destruction behind. 暴风雨过後留下满目疮痍的景象. leave sb/sth for sb/sth abandon sb/sth in favour of sb/sth else 抛弃某人[某事物]而追求他人[他事物]: * He left his wife for one of his students. 他抛弃妻子去追求他的一个学生. * leave advertising for a job in publishing 离开广告业到出版界觅职. leave `off stop 停止: * Hasn't the rain left off yet? 雨还没停吗? leave off sth/doing sth (infml 口) stop sth/doing sth 停止某事[做某事]: * It's time to leave off work. 是下班的时候了. * I wish you'd leave off whistling like that. 请你不要那样吹口哨了. leave sth off no longer wear sth 不再穿某物: * Pullovers can be left off in this warm weather. 天气这麽暖和, 可以不穿套头毛衣了. leave sb/sth out (of sth) not include or mention; exclude; omit 不包括或不提及; 排除在外; 忽略掉: * Leave me out of this quarrel, please I don't want to get involved. 请别把我拉入这场争吵中--我可不想牵连进去. * This word is wrongly spelt; you've left out a letter. 这字拼错了, 你漏了一个字母. leave sth over postpone sth 推迟某事: * These matters will have to be left over until the next meeting. 这些事情只好留到下次会议再讨论了.

leaven
[5levn; 5levEn] n [U] 1 substance (eg yeast) used to make dough rise before it is baked to make bread 酵母; 面肥. 2 (fig 比喻) quality or influence that makes people, an atmosphere, etc less serious, more lively, etc 使人、 气氛等轻松、 活跃等的因素: * a lively artistic community, acting as the leaven in society 给社会增加生气的活跃的艺术团体. 派生： leaven v [Tn] 1 add leaven to (sth) 在（某物）中加酵母: leavened bread 发酵面包. 2 (fig 比喻) enliven (sth) 使（某事物）活跃.

leavings
[5li:viNz; 5liviNz] n [pl] what is left, esp sth unwanted or of little value; left-overs 剩馀物; 残存物: * Give our leavings (ie unwanted food) to the dog. 把我们吃剩的东西喂狗吧.

lechery
[5letFEri; 5letFEri] n [C, U] (instance of) excessive interest in sexual pleasure 色欲; 淫荡. 派生： lecher[5letFE(r); 5letFl] n (derog 贬) man who is always thinking about and looking for sexual pleasure 纵欲的人; 好色之徒. lecherous[5letFErEs; 5letFErEs] adj having or showing an excessive interest in and desire for sexual pleasure 纵欲的; 好色的. lecherously adv.

lectern
[5lektEn; 5lektln] n high sloping desk made to hold a lecturer's notes, a Bible in church, etc （台面倾斜供放讲稿的）讲台; （教堂中的）读经台. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page viii.

lecture
[5lektFE(r); 5lektFl] n 1 ~ (to sb) (on sth) talk giving information about a subject to an audience or a class, often as part of a teaching programme 演讲; 讲课: * give/deliver/read a lecture 讲课[上课/讲学] * a course of lectures on Greek philosophy 希腊哲学系列讲演 * [attrib 作定语] a lecture tour 巡回讲演. 2 long reproach or scolding 冗长的训斥或谴责: * The policeman let me off with a lecture about speeding. 那警察给我讲了一大顿注意车速的道理之後才让我走. * give sb a lecture, ie scold sb 训斥某人. 派生： lecture v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (on sth) give a lecture or series of lectures 作演讲; 讲课: Professor Jones is not lecturing this term. 琼斯教授这学期没课. * He is lecturing on Russian literature. 他正讲俄罗斯文学. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for/about sth) scold or warn sb (about sth) （就某事）斥责或告诫某人: Do stop lecturing me! 别教训我了! * lecture one's children for being untidy/about the virtues of tidiness 训斥子女不讲整洁[训示子女注意整洁的美德]. lecturer[5lektFErE(r); 5lektFErl] n person who gives lectures, esp at a college or university 讲师. lectureship n post of lecturer (the lowest teaching grade at a British college or university) 讲师的职位.

led
pt, pp of lead3.

ledge
[ledV; ledV] n 1 narrow horizontal shelf coming out from a wall, cliff, etc 水平的窄长架状突出物; 壁架; 岩石架: * a window-ledge 窗台 * The climbers rested on a sheltered ledge jutting out from the cliff. 登山者在突出於峭壁处有遮挡的岩石架上休息. * a ledge for chalk beneath the blackboard 黑板下方的粉笔槽. 2 ridge of rocks under water, esp near the shore 暗礁, 岩礁（尤指近岸的）.

ledger
[5ledVE(r); 5ledVl] n 1 book in which a bank, business firm, etc records its financial accounts 分类帐. 2 (music 音) =leger.

lee
[li:; li] n [SING] 1 part or side of sth providing shelter against the wind 背风处: * shelter in/under the lee of a hedge 躲避在树篱的背风处. 2 [attrib 作定语] (nautical 海) of or on the part or side away from the wind 背风面的; 下风的: * the lee side of the ship 船的下风舷. Cf 参看 windward (wind1). 复合： `lee shore (nautical 海) shore towards which the wind is blowing from the sea 下风岸.

leech
[li:tF; litF] n 1 small blood-sucking worm usu living in water and formerly used by doctors to remove blood from sick people 水蛭; 蚂蟥. 2 (fig derog 比喻, 贬) person who hangs about other people hoping to obtain money, food, alcohol, etc 依附於他人希望获得钱、 食物、 酒等的人. 3 (arch or joc 古或谑) doctor 医生. 4 (idm 习语) cling/stick to sb like a `leech stay very close to sb; be difficult for sb to get rid of 依附於某人; 纠缠某人不放.

leek
[li:k; lik] n vegetable related to the onion but with wider green leaves above a long white bulb 韭葱. =>illus at onion 见onion插图.

leer
[liE(r); lir] n (usu sing 通常作单数) sly unpleasant look suggesting lust or ill will 挑逗性的或不怀好意的目光: * He has a most unpleasant leer. 他目光猥亵, 十分讨厌. 派生： leer v [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (at sb) look with a leer 用挑逗性的或含敌意的目光看: Go away; I don't enjoy being leered at. 走开, 我讨厌让人不怀好意地看着.

leery
[5liEri; 5liri] adj [pred 作表语] ~ (of sb/sth) (infml 口) wary; suspicious 机警; 怀疑: * I tend to be a bit leery of cut-price `bargains'. 我对减价商品有点戒心.

leeward
[ 5li:wEd; `liwLd or, in nautical use, 作航海用语时读作 5lu:Ed; `luLd] adj, adv on or to the side sheltered from the wind 背风（的）; 下风（的）; 在下风; 向下风: * sandhills on the leeward side of the island 该岛下风处的沙丘. Cf 参看 windward (wind1). 派生： leeward n [U] (nautical 海) side or direction towards which the wind blows 背风面; 下风: steer to leeward 驶向背风面. Cf 参看 windward n (wind1).

leeway
[5li:wei; 5li7we] n [U] 1 amount of freedom to move, change, etc that is left to sb （可供某人活动、 更动等的）馀地: * This itinerary leaves us plenty of leeway. 这个旅行计划给我们留有很多自由活动的馀地. * The parking space was big enough, but there wasn't much leeway, ie margin for error. 停车处大是够大, 但并没有什麽回旋馀地. 2 sideways drift of a ship or aircraft, due to the wind （船或飞行器因风而致的）偏航, 漂移. 3 (idm 习语) make up `leeway recover lost time; get back into position 补偿失去的时间; 恢复原位: * She's been off school for a month, so she has a lot of leeway to make up. 她一个月没上学了, 有许多课业要补上.

left
1 pt, pp of leave1. 复合： left-`luggage office (Brit) (US `baggage room) place (at railway stations, etc) where luggage may be temporarily deposited （火车站等的）行李寄存处. `left-overs n [pl] things remaining when the rest is finished, esp food at the end of a meal; leavings 残存物;剩馀物; （尤指）残羹剩饭. =>Usage at rest3 用法见rest3.

leg
[leg; leg] n 1 [C] one of the limbs of an animal's or person's body used for standing and walking 腿: * have long, short, straight, crooked, skinny, sturdy, bandy, shapely, etc legs 有长、 短、 直、 曲、 皮包骨、 敦实、 罗圈、 匀称等的腿 * the powerful back legs of a frog 青蛙强有力的後腿 * the long thin legs of a spider 蜘蛛细长的腿 * a gammy (ie lame) leg 跛腿. =>illus at human 见human插图. 2 [C, U] this part of an animal used as food 动物的腿（用作食物）: * a leg of lamb 羊腿 * Would you like some leg or some breast (eg of turkey)? 你要腿肉还是胸脯肉（如火鸡）? 3 [C] part of a garment covering this limb 裤腿: * The leg of my tights has torn. 我的裤袜的裤腿破了. * a trouser leg 一条裤腿. 4 [C] one of the supports of a chair, table, etc （桌椅等的）腿: * a chair with one leg missing 缺一条腿的椅子. 5 [C] (a) section of a journey 一段行程: * The last leg of our trip was the most tiring. 我们旅行的最後一段行程最累人. (b) (sport 体) one of a series of matches between the same opponents （一连串比赛中的）一局, 一场, 一项. 6 [U] (in cricket) part of the field to the left of the wicket-keeper and behind the batsman （板球）叁柱门守门员左方与击球员後方之间的场地: * long, short, square leg, ie fieldsmen at various positions there 在此场地远离击球员的、 靠近击球员的、 靠近叁柱门的外场员 * [attrib 作定语] a leg break, ie a ball bowled so as to move away from this side 在此场地反弹後离开此场地的球 * a leg glance, ie a stroke by batsman that sends the ball there 击球员将球击入此场地的一击 * the leg stump, ie the stump nearest this 叁柱门中最靠近此场地的一柱. 7 (idm 习语) as fast as one's legs can carry one => fast1 adv. be all `legs (derog 贬) have legs that are disproportionately long and thin 腿过分瘦长. be on one's/its last legs => last1. be on one's `legs (joc 谑) (a) be standing, esp to make a speech 站着（尤指演说）.

leg1
(b) (infml 口) (after an illness) be well enough to walk about （病後）康复至可以走动. Cf 参看 on one's hind legs (hind1). give sb a `leg up (infml 口) (a) help sb to mount a horse, climb a wall, etc 帮助某人上马、 登墙等. (b) (fig 比喻) use money or influence to help sb 用钱或影响力帮助某人. have hollow legs => hollow. have, etc one's tail between one's legs => tail. ,leg before `wicket (abbr 缩写 lbw) (in cricket) way in which a batsman may be out because of illegally obstructing, with a leg or some other part of the body, a ball that would otherwise have hit the wicket （板球中）击球员用腿或其他部位对可能击中叁柱门的好球作违例阻挡而犯规出局. not have a ,leg to `stand on (infml 口) have nothing to support one's opinion, justify one's actions, etc （论点等）站不住脚; （对行为）无合理解释等. pull sb's leg=> pull2. shake a leg => shake1. show a leg => show2.stretch one's legs => stretch. talk the hind legsoff a donkey => talk2. walk one's legs off => walk1.walk sb off his feet/legs => walk1. 派生： leg v (idm 习语) `leg it (infml 口) go on foot 步行: It's no use, the car won't start we'll have to leg it. 没用了, 汽车发动不起来了--我们只好走着去了. 复合： `leg-pull n (infml 口) hoax 欺骗; 戏弄. `leg-pulling n [U]. `leg-rest n support for a seated person's leg （病人坐时）搁腿的凳或架. `leg-room n [U] space available for a seated person's legs （坐时）腿的活动空间: There's not much leg-room in these aircraft. 这些飞机的坐位没有什麽伸腿的空间. `leg-warmers n [pl] outer coverings, usu woollen, for each leg from knee to ankle 暖腿套（通常为毛织品, 长自膝及於踝）. `leg work (infml 口) work involving much walking or travelling about to collect information, deliver messages, etc 跑腿活儿; 外勤: Being a detective involves a lot of leg work. 当侦探少不了跑腿的活儿.

legacy
[5legEsi; 5legEsi] n 1 money or property left to sb in a will 遗赠产; 遗赠的财物. 2 (fig 比喻) thing passed to sb by predecessors or from earlier events, etc 先人或过去遗留下来的东西: * the cultural legacy of the Renaissance 文艺复兴时期的文化遗产 * His weak chest was a legacy of a childhood illness. 他那瘦弱的胸脯是儿时患病的後遗症. Cf 参看 inheritance (inherit).

legal
[5li:gl; 5ligl] adj 1 [attrib 作定语] of or based on the law 法律的; 依照法律的; 法定的: * my legal adviser/representative, eg a solicitor 我的法律顾问[代表]（如律师） * seek legal advice, ie consult a solicitor 找律师谘询 * take legal action, ie sue or prosecute 采取法律行动（提出诉讼或告发） * the legal age for drinking, driving, voting, etc, ie the minimum age for doing these things legally 喝酒、 驾驶、 选举等的法定年龄. 2 allowed or required by the law 法律许可的; 法律要求的; 合法的: * Should euthanasia be made legal? 是否应将安乐死合法化? * (joc 谑) Why shouldn't I take a holiday? It's perfectly legal. 为什麽我就不该放假? 那是完全合法的嘛. 派生： legalism[5li:gElizEm; 5ligl7izEm] n [U] (usu derog 通常作贬义) strict adherence to or excessive respect for the law 拘泥於法律条文; 墨守法规; 条文主义. legalistic adj. legally[5li:gEli; 5ligli] adv: * be legally responsible for sth 对某事负法律责任 * a legally witnessed will 经合法签名作证的遗嘱. 复合： ,legal `aid payment from public funds for or towards the cost of legal advice or representation 法律援助（由公共基金提供的法律服务费用）. ,legal pro`ceedings lawsuit 法定程序; 法律诉讼: take, begin, threaten, etc legal proceedings (against sb) （对某人）起诉, 提起诉讼, 以起诉相威胁. ,legal `tender form of money that must be accepted if offered in payment 合法货币, 法定货币（用於偿付时必须接受的货币）: The old pound note is no longer legal tender. 旧制的英镑纸币已不是法定的货币了.

legality
[li:'gAlEti; li'gAlEti] n [U] state of being legal 合法: * the legality of this action will be decided by the courts 这一行动的合法性将由法院裁定.

legalize, legalise
[5li:gElaiz; 5ligl7aiz] v [Tn] make (sth) legal 使（某事物）合法化: * Some people want to legalize the possession of cannabis. 有些人想将私有大麻合法化.

legate
[5legit; 5legit] n ambassador of the Pope to a foreign country 罗马教皇的使节.

legatee
[7legE'ti:; 7legE'ti] n (law 律) person who receives a legacy 遗产继承人.

legation
[li'geiFn; li'geFEn] n 1 [CGp] minister below the rank of ambassador, and his staff, representing his government in a foreign country 公使馆全体人员. 2 [C] this minister's official residence 公使馆.

legato
[lE'ga:tEu; li'gato] adj, adv (music 音) (to be played) in a smooth even manner 连奏（的）.

legend
[5ledVEnd; 5ledVEnd] n 1 [C] story handed down from the past, esp one that may not be true 传奇; 传说: * the legend of Robin Hood 罗宾汉传奇. 2 [U] such stories gathered together 民间传说; 稗史; 野史: * exploits famous in legend and song 民间传说和歌谣中为人熟知的英雄事迹 * the heroes of Greek legend 希腊民间传说的英雄. 3 [C] (infml 口) famous event or person 传奇事件或人物: * Her daring work behind the enemy lines is now legend. 她在敌後的英勇斗争业迹现在已是传奇美谈. * one of the great legends of pop music, Elvis Presley 流行摇滚乐伟大的传奇人物之一, 埃尔维斯．普雷斯利. 4 [C] (a) inscription on a coin or medal 硬币上的或奖章上的刻字. (b) (fml 文) words accompanying and explaining a map, picture, etc （地图、 图片等的）图例, 说明, 题词. 5 (infml 口) person who achieves great fame while still alive （在世的）当代名人: * a legend in one's (own) lifetime 一生为人传颂的活伟人. 6 (idm 习语) a ,living `legend => living1. 派生： legendary[5ledVEndri; - -deri; 5ledVEnd7eri] adj 1 of or mentioned in legend 传奇的; 传说的; 传奇式的: * legendary heroes 传奇英雄. 2 (infml 口) very well known; famous 有名的; 着名的: * a legendary recording 着名的录音 * Her patience and tact were legendary. 她的耐心和机智是出名的.

leger
[5ledVE(r); 5ledVl] n (also `leger line, ledger, ledger line) (music 音) short line added above or below the staff to take notes which are outside its range 加线. =>illus at music 见music插图.

legerdemain
[7ledVEdE'mein; 7ledVldi'men] n [U] (fml 文) 1 skilful performance of tricks using the hands; juggling; conjuring 花招; 戏法; 障眼法. 2 cunning or deceitful way of arguing 诡辩; 狡辩.

leggings
[5legiNz; 5legiNz] n [pl] protective outer coverings for the legs 绑腿; 裹腿: * a pair of leggings 一副绑腿.

leggy
[5legi; 5legi] adj 1 having noticeably long legs 腿长的: * a tall leggy girl in a short dress 穿着短连衣裙双腿修长的高个子姑娘 * a leggy newborn foal 新出生的细腿小马驹. 2 (of a plant) having a long thin stem （指植物）茎细而长的.

legible
[5ledVEbl; 5ledVEbl] adj (of print or handwriting) clear enough to be read easily （指印刷或字迹）清楚的, 易读的: * The inscription was still legible. 铭文仍清晰可辨. Cf 参看 readable (read). > legibility[7ledVE'bilEti; 7ledVE'bilEti] n [U]. legibly[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv: * Please write more legibly. 请写清楚些.

legion
[5li:dVEn; 5lidVEn] n 1 (a) battle unit of the ancient Roman army 古罗马军团: * Caesar's legions 凯撒军团. (b) special military unit, esp of volunteers serving in the army of another country 特殊军团; （尤指志愿服务於他国军队中的）外籍军团: * the French Foreign Legion 法国军队中的外籍军团. 2 large number of people 大批的人: * This new film will please his legions of admirers. 这部新电影将得到他的广大影迷的欢迎. 派生： legion adj [pred 作表语] (rhet 修辞) very many; numerous 极多; 大批: Their crimes are legion. 他们的罪行罄竹难书. legionary[5li:dVEnEri; - -neri; 5lidVEn7eri] n, adj (member) of a legion(1) 古罗马军团的（成员）.

legionnaire
[7li:dVE'neE(r); 7lidVE'ner] n member of a legion, esp of the French Foreign Legion 外籍军团成员（尤指法国的外籍军团中的）. 复合： legion`naires' disease (medical 医) form of bacterial pneumonia 退伍军人协会会员病（一种细菌性肺炎）.

legislate
[5ledVisleit; 5ledVis7let] v [I, Ipr] ~ (for/against sth) make laws 立法; 制定法律: * It is the jobof Parliament to legislate. 立法是议会的工作. * It's impossible to legislate for every contingency. 为每一偶发事件都立法是不可能的. * legislate against racial discrimination 制定法律禁止种族歧视. 派生： legislation[7ledVis'leiFn; 7ledVis'leFEn] n [U] (a) action of making laws 立法; 法律的制定: * Legislation will be difficult and take time. 立法难且费时. (b) the laws made 法律; 法规: * New legislation is to be introduced to help single-parent families. 新法规即将实施以匡助单亲家庭. legislative[5ledVislEtiv; - -leitiv; 5ledVis7letiv] adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] law-making 立法的; 制定法律的: * a legislative assembly, chamber, body, etc 立法会议、 会议厅、 机关等 * Legislative reform is long overdue. 立法方面的改革早该进行. legislator[5ledVisleitE(r); 5ledVis7letl] n (fml 文) member of a legislature 立法机关成员; 立法者. legislature[5ledVisleitFE(r); 5ledVis7letFl] n [CGp] (fml 文) body of people with the power to make and change laws 立法机关; 立法团体.

legit
[li'dVit; li'dVit] adj (sl 俚) legitimate(1) 合法的: * all legit and above-board 一切合法的和光明正大的 * a legit excuse 合法的解释.

legitimate
[li'dVitimEt; li'dVitEmEt] adj 1 in accordance with the law or rules; lawful 法定的; 依法的; 合法的: * the legitimate heir 法定继承人 * I'm not sure that his business is strictly legitimate, ie is legal. 我说不好他的生意是否绝对合法. 2 that can be defended; reasonable 正当的; 合理的: * a legitimate argument, reason, case, etc 合乎情理的论据、 理由、 例子等 * Politicians are legitimate targets for satire. 政治家理所当然是讽刺的靶子. 3 (of a child) born to parents who are legally married to each other （指孩子）婚生的, 合法婚姻所生的. Cf 参看 illegitimate. 4 genuine 正统的: * legitimate theatre, ie serious drama, not musicals, revues, etc 正统戏剧（非歌舞喜剧、 时事讽刺剧等）. 派生： legitimacy/li'dVitimEsi; li'dVitEmEsi] n [U] (fml 文): * question the legitimacy of his actions 对他行为的合法性置疑. legitimately adv. legitimize, -ise/li'dVitimaiz; li'dVitE7maiz] v (fml 文) [Tn] make (sth) lawful or regular 使（某事物）合法, 正当或有合法地位: * a court ruling that legitimized the position taken by the protestors 宣布抗议者采取的立场为合法的法庭裁决.

legless
[5leglis; 5leglis] adj 1 without legs 没有腿的. 2 [pred 作表语] (sl 俚) very drunk 大醉.

legume
[5legju:m, li'gju:m; 5legjum, li'gjum] n 1 type of plant that has its seeds in pods, eg the pea and bean 豆科植物. 2 edible pod or seed of this （可食的）豆荚或豆. 派生： leguminous/li'gju:minEs; li'gjuminEs] adj of this family of plants 豆科植物的.

lei
[5leii:; 5lei] n (esp in Polynesian countries) garland of flowers worn around the neck （尤指波利尼西亚地区诸国人戴於颈上的）花环.

leisure
[5leVE(r); - 'li:VEr; 5liVl] n [U] 1 time free from work or other duties; spare time 空暇; 闲暇: * We've been working all week without a moment's leisure. 我们整星期一直工作, 没有片刻空闲. * [attrib 作定语] leisure activities, eg sport, hobbies 康乐活动（如体育运动、 业馀爱好） * leisure wear, ie casual clothing 便装. 2 (idm 习语) at leisure (a) (fml 文) not occupied 有空; 清闲: * They're seldom at leisure. 他们难得清闲. (b) without hurrying 从容不迫; 不慌不忙: * I'll take the report home and read it at leisure. 我把报告带回家去慢慢看. at one's `leisure when one has free time 有空时; 方便时. marry in haste, repent at leisure => marry. 派生： leisured[5leVEd; 5liVld] adj [attrib 作定语] having plenty of leisure 有空闲的: * the leisured classes 有闲阶级. leisurely adj, adv without hurry 不慌不忙（的）: walk at a leisurely pace 步态悠闲地走 * work leisurely 从容地工作. 复合： `leisure centre public building with facilities for sports and recreational activities 业馀活动中心.

leitmotiv
(also leitmotif)[5laitmEuti:f; 5laitmo7tif] n 1 (music 音) short, constantly repeated, theme in an opera, symphony, etc associated with a particular person, thing or idea 主导主题; 主旋律. 2 (fig 比喻) any recurring feature 反覆出现的特徵: * The leitmotiv of her speech was the need to reduce expenditure. 她讲话中一再强调的就是需要削减开支.

lemming
[5lemiN; 5lemiN] n small mouse-like rodent of the arctic regions which migrates in large numbers, often with many of the animals drowning in the sea 旅鼠（栖居极地一带的小型啮齿动物, 定期集体迁徙, 常径直入海溺亡）: * a lemming-like readiness to follow their leaders into certain disaster 象旅鼠一样盲目追随领袖赴汤蹈火.

lemon
[5lemEn; 5lemEn] n 1 (a) [C, U] oval yellow fruit with acidic juice used for drinks and flavouring 柠檬. =>illus at fruit 见fruit插图. (b) [C] (also `lemon tree) tree with glossy green leaves on which this fruit grows 柠檬树. 2 (also ,lemon `yellow) [U] pale yellow colour 柠檬黄; 淡黄色. 3 [C] (sl 俚) unsatisfactory or defective thing, esp a car 差的或有毛病的东西（尤指汽车）. 复合： ,lemon `curd (also ,lemon `cheese) thick smooth jam made from lemons, sugar, eggs and butter 柠檬酪（由柠檬、 糖、 鸡蛋、 黄油制的果酱）. ,lemon `sole type of edible flatfish 柠檬鳎（可食用）. ,lemon `squash (Brit) sweet lemon-flavoured drink that is diluted with water 柠檬汁. `lemon-squeezer n device for pressing the juice out of a lemon 柠檬榨汁器.

lemonade
[7lemE'neid; 7lemEn'ed] n [U, C] (a) sweet fizzy drink 汽水. (b) drink made from lemon juice, sugar and water 柠檬水（柠檬汁加糖和水的饮料）.

lemur
[5li:mE(r); 5liml] n monkey-like animal of Madagascar that lives in trees and is active at night 狐猴（马达加斯加岛的树栖夜行动物）.

lend
[lend; lend] v (pt, pp lent/lent; lent] ) 1 [Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) (a) give or allow the use of sth temporarily, on the understanding that it will be returned 借出某物; 将某物借与（某人）: * Can you lend me 5? I'll pay you back tomorrow. 可以借我5英镑吗? 我明天还你. * I lent that record to John but never got it back. 我把那张唱片借给约翰了, 可是他再也没有还给我. (b) provide (money) for a period of time in return for payment of interest 贷（款）: * The banks are lending money at a competitive rate of interest. 银行竞相以低利率贷款. Cf 参看 borrow. 2 [Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sth) contribute or add sth to sth 提供或增添某事物: * lend one's services 提供服务 * lend the occasion a little glamour 给这一场合增添一点光彩 * His presence lent dignity to the occasion. 有他出席这一场合就更形庄严. * A little garlic lends flavour to a sauce. 调味汁中加点蒜, 其味益增. 3 [Tn.pr] ~ sth to sth (fml 文) make an event, development, report, etc more believable, significant, etc (used esp with the ns shown) 使事情、 发展、 报道等更加可信、 意义更大等（尤与所示名词连用）: * lend credibility, credence, plausibility, etc to a report 使报道增加可信度、 可靠性、 接近真实的程度等 * This news lends some support to earlier reports of a ceasefire. 这一消息印证了先前有关停火的报道. 4 (idm 习语) give/lend colour to sth => colour1. lend an `ear (to sb/sth) listen patiently and sympathetically (to sb/sth) 耐心而同情地听着（某人的话[某事物]）. lend (sb) a (helping) hand (with sth) give (sb) help (with sth) （在某事上）帮助（某人）. lend oneself/one's name to sth (fml 文) allow oneself to be associated with sth 参与某事物: * a man who would never lend himself to violence 决不参与暴力活动的人 * She lent her name to many worthy causes. 她参与了许多有意义的事情.

lend1
5 (phr v) lend itself to sth be suitable for sth 适合於某事物: * a novel which lends itself well to dramatization for television 适合於拍成电视剧的小说. 派生： lender n person who lends 出借人; 贷方. Cf 参看 borrower (borrow).

length
[leNW; leNW] n 1 [U] measurement or extent from end to end 长度; 长: * a river 300 miles in length 长300英里的河 * This room is twice the length of the other, but much narrower. 这个房间的长度是那个房间的两倍, 但窄得多. * a book the length of (ie as long as) `War and Peace' 像《战争与和平》篇幅那样长的书 * He jogged the length of the beach. 他沿海滩慢跑了一段距离. =>App 5, 11 见附录5、 11. =>illus at dimension 见dimension插图. 2 [U] amount of time occupied by sth 某事所用的时间: * You spend a ridiculous length of time in the bath. 你洗澡用那麽长时间, 真不像话. * Size of pension depends on length of service with the company. 养老金的多少取决於为公司服务年限的长短. * a speech, symphony, ceremony, etc of considerable length 相当长的演说、 交响曲、 仪式等. 3 [C] extent of a thing used as a unit of measurement 作量度单位用之物的长度: * This car will turn in its own length. 这种汽车可以在自身长度范围内掉头. * The horse/boat won the race by two lengths, ie by a distance equal to twice its own length. 那马[船]以两个自首至尾的距离领先赢得该场比赛. 4 [C] piece (of sth) （某物的）一段: * timber sold in lengths of 5, 10 or 20 metres 圆木分别以5、 10或20米叁种长度规格出售 * I need a length of wire or string to tie it with. 我需要一根铁丝或绳子来困它. * a `dress length, ie a piece of cloth long enough to make a dress 一块连衣裙料. 5 (idm 习语) at arm's length => arm1. at length (a) (fml 文) after a long time; eventually; at last 经过一段长时间之後; 终於; 最後: * At length the bus arrived, forty minutes late. 公共汽车终於来了, 晚了四十分钟. (b) taking a long time; in great detail; fully 长时间地; 详尽地; 充分地: * discuss sth at some, great, excessive, etc length 比较、 极为、 过分等详细地讨论某事 * He went on at tedious length about his favourite hobby. 他仍不厌其详地讲他的业馀爱好. (at) full length => full. go to any, some, great, etc `lengths (to do sth) be prepared to do anything, something, a lot, etc (to achieve sth) （为达到某目的）不顾一切, 不遗馀力:

length1
* They went to absurd lengths to keep the affair secret. 他们为了保密无所不用其极. * There are no lengths to which an addict will not go to obtain his drug. 瘾君子为了得到毒品什麽事都做得出来. * She even went to the length of driving me home. 她甚至不嫌麻烦开车把我送回家. keep sb at arm's length => arm1. the length and breadth of sth in or to all parts of sth 处处; 到处: * travel the length and breadth of the British Isles 走遍不列颠群岛. measure one's length => measure1. 派生： -length (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词): a ,knee-length `dress * ,floor-length `curtains * a,feature-length `film, ie about two hours long. lengthen v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become longer （使某物）变长: The days start to lengthen in March. 叁月份白昼开始变长. * lengthen a skirt 把裙子放长. Cf 参看 shorten. `lengthways (also `lengthwise, longways, longwise)adv, adj with the shortest sides placed together; end toend 纵长（的）; 纵向（的）: The tables were laid lengthways.这些餐桌是纵向摆设的.

lengthy
[5leNWi; 5leNWi] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 very long 很长的: * Lengthy negotiations must take place before any agreement can be reached. 要进行多次长时间谈判才能达成协议. 2 (derog 贬) tiresomely long; long and boring 冗长的; 长而乏味的: * lengthy explanations, speeches, etc 冗长的解释、 讲话等. > lengthily adv.

lenient
[5li:niEnt; 5liniEnt] adj not severe (esp in punishing people); merciful 宽大的（尤指惩罚人）; 仁慈的: * a lenient fine, law, view 不严苛的罚款、 法律、 意见 * I hope the judge will be lenient. 我希望法官宽大为怀. 派生： lenience[-Ens; -Ens] (also leniency[-Ensi; -Ensi] )n [U] being lenient 宽大; 仁慈: * a magistrate known for her leniency with first-time offenders 因对初犯宽宏大量而知名的女法官. leniently adv: treat sb leniently 宽待某人.

lens
[lenz; lenz] n (pl ~es) 1 piece of glass or other transparent material with one or more curved surfaces used to make things appear clearer, larger or smaller when viewed through it, and used in spectacles, cameras, telescopes, etc 透镜; 镜片. =>illus at camera, glasses (glass) 见camera、 glasses (glass) 插图. 2 (anatomy 解) transparent part of the eye, behind the pupil, that focuses light （眼球的）晶状体. =>illus at eye 见eye插图.

Lent
[lent; lent] n (in the Christian religion) period from Ash Wednesday to Easter Eve, the forty weekdays observed as a time of fasting and penitence （基督教的）大斋期, 四旬斋（从大斋首日到复活节前夕为期四十天的斋戒和忏悔）: * give up chocolates, smoking, meat for Lent 在大斋期戒巧克力、 烟、 肉. 派生： Lenten[5lentEn; 5lentEn] adj [attrib 作定语] of Lent 大斋期的; 四旬斋的: * Lenten services 大斋期的礼拜.

lentil
[5lentl; 5lentl] n (a) plant grown for its small bean-like seeds 小扁豆. (b) its seed, usu dried, prepared as food 小扁豆（常指用作食物的乾豆）: * [attrib 作定语] lentil soup 小扁豆汤.

lento
[5lentEu; 5lento] adj, adv (music 音) (played or to be played slowly) （指演奏）缓慢（的）.

Leo
[5li:Eu; 5lio] n 1 [U] the fifth sign of the zodiac, the Lion 狮子宫（黄道第五宫）. 2 [C] (pl ~s) person born under the influence of this sign 属狮子宫星座的人. =>Usage at zodiac 用法见zodiac. =>illus at zodiac 见zodiac插图.

leonine
[5liEnain; 5liE7nain] adj (fml 文) of or like a lion 狮子的; 狮子般的: * leonine dignity 狮子般的尊严.

leopard
[5lepEd; 5lepld] n large African and S Asian flesh-eating animal of the cat family with a yellowish coat and dark spots 豹. =>illus at cat 见cat插图. 派生： leopardess[5lepEdes; 5lepldis] n female leopard 母豹.

leotard
[5li:Eta:d; 5liE7tard] n close-fitting one-piece garment worn by acrobats, dancers, etc （杂技、 舞蹈等演员穿的）紧身连衣裤.

leper
[5lepE(r); 5lepl] n 1 person suffering from leprosy 麻疯病患者. 2 (fig 比喻) person who is rejected and avoided by others; outcast 被排斥或摈弃的人: * His unpopular views made him a social leper. 他因见解不受欢迎而见弃於社会.

leprechaun
[5leprEkC:n; 5leprE7kCn] n (in Irish folklore) fairy in the shape of a little old man （爱尔兰民间传说中的）精灵（貌似矮小老人）.

leprosy
[5leprEsi; 5leprEsi] n [U] infectious disease affecting the skin and nerves, causing disfigurement and deformity 麻疯病.

lesbian
[5lezbiEn; 5lezbiEn] n homosexual woman 同性恋女子. 派生： lesbian adj of or concerning lesbians 女性同性恋的: a lesbian relationship 女性同性恋关系. lesbianism n [U].

lese-majeste
(also lese-majesty)[7leiz'mVestei; - 7li:z'mdVisti; 5liz'mAdVisti] n [U] (French 法) 1 (law 律) crime or offence against a sovereign or government; treason 欺君罪; 犯上罪; 反政府罪; 叛逆罪. 2 (joc 谑) presumptuous behaviour from a junior person 僭越行为; 犯上行为: * Firing senior staff without reference to the boss comes pretty close to lese-majeste. 不请示老板而解雇高级职员, 罪近欺君.

lesion
[5li:Vn; 5liVEn] n (medical 医) 1 wound; injury 损害; 损伤: * painful lesions on his arms and legs 使他四肢疼痛的损伤. 2 harmful change in the tissue of a bodily organ, caused by injury or disease （因伤、 病）身体器官组织的损伤: * a lesion of the left lung 左肺的损伤.

less
[les; les] indef det, indef pron ~ (sth) (than...) (used with [U] ns as the comparative of little2 作little2, ) not as much (as...); a smaller amount (of) 较少的; 更少的. (a) (det): * less butter, sugar, time, significance 较少的黄油、 较少的糖、 较少的时间、 不太重要 * less coffee than tea 咖啡比茶少 * I received less money than the others did. 我比别人收到的钱少. * You ought to smoke fewer cigarettes and drink less beer. 你应当少抽烟, 少喝啤酒. =>Usage at much 用法见much. (b) (pron): * It seems less of a threat than I'd expected. 威胁性似比我预料的要小. * There's less to do in this job than the last. 这份工作没有上份工作量大. * `You must have paid 3000 for your car.’ `No, (it was) less.’ ‘你买的汽车得花3000英镑吧.’‘不, 没那麽多.’ * It's not far it'll take less than an hour to get there. 不远--到那儿用不了一个钟头. * The receptionist was less than (ie not at all) helpful when we arrived. 我们到达的时候接待员什麽忙也不帮. * It took less than no (ie very little) time to write a reply. 立即写好了回信. 派生： less adv ~ (than...) 1 to a smaller extent; not so much (as) 较少; 更少; 少: I read much less now than I did at school. 我现在看书远比我上学时少. * It rains less in London than in Manchester. 伦敦的降雨量比曼彻斯特少. * less colourful, expensive, hungry, intelligent, tired, etc 色彩不太丰富的、 价钱较便宜的、 不太饿的、 悟性较差的、 不那麽疲劳的 * less awkwardly, enthusiastically,often 不太笨拙地、 不热情地、 不常. 2 (idm 习语) any (the) less (used after not 用於not之後) to a smaller extent 较小; 更小; 少: She wasn't any (the) less happy for being on her own. 她并不因独自一人而稍有不悦. even/much/still less and certainly not 更不用说; 更何况: He's too shy to ask a stranger the time, still less speak to a room full of people. 他连向陌生人打听时间都不好意思, 更不用说向一屋子人讲话了. less and less at a continually decreasing rate 越来越小地; 越来越少地: She found the job less and less attractive. 她发觉那工作越来越缺乏吸引力.

less1
* He played the piano less and less as he grew older. 他随着年龄的增长, 弹钢琴的次数越来越少了. the less, more, etc... the less, more etc... => the. more or less => more. no less (than...) as much as 不少於; 多达: We won 500, no less, in a competition. 我们在一场竞赛中赢了足足500英镑. * We won no less than 500 in a competition. 我们在一场比赛中赢了多达500英镑. less prep before subtracting (sth); minus 未扣除（某量）; 减除: a monthly salary of 450, less tax and national insurance 月薪450英镑, 未扣除所得税和国民保险费 * send a cheque for the catalogue price, less 10% discount 按目录价格9折寄一张支票. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Less, instead of fewer, is now commonly and increasingly used with plural nouns 与复数名词连用时, 用less而不用fewer现很常见, 且日益普遍: There have been less accidents on this road since the speed limit was introduced. 自从实施速度限制, 这条路上的交通事故已经少些了. However, this is still thought to be incorrect English, and careful speakers prefer fewer 但是, 此用法仍视为误用, 言词谨慎者愿用fewer: fewer accidents 事故少些.

lessee
[le'si:; les'i] n (law 律) person who holds a building, land, etc on a lease 承租人; 租户. Cf 参看 lessor. =>Usage at tenant 用法见tenant.

lessen
[5lesn; 5lesn] v 1 [I] become less 变少: * The pain was already lessening. 疼痛正在减轻. 2 [Tn] reduce (sth) 减少（某事物）: * lessen the impact, likelihood, risk of sth 减少某事物的影响、 可能性、 冒险性.

lesser
[5lesE(r); 5lesl] adj [attrib 作定语] 1 not as great as the other(s) 较小的; 较少的; 次要的: * one of the author's lesser works 该作者的一部次要的着作 * He's stubborn, and so is she, but to a lesser degree, ie not as much. 他很固执, 她也是, 只是程度差些. * one of the lesser lights (ie less prominent members) of his profession 他那一行的一个次要人物. 2 (idm 习语) the ,lesser of two `evils the less harmful of two bad choices 两害相权其中之轻者.

lesson
[5lesn; 5lesn] n 1 thing to be learnt by a pupil 课; 功课; 课业: * The first lesson in driving is how to start the car. 学驾驶汽车的第一课是启动. 2 period of time given to learning or teaching 一节课: * My yoga lesson begins in five minutes. 我五分钟後上瑜伽课. * She gives piano lessons. 她教授钢琴课. 3 ~ (to sb) experience from which one can learn; example 经验; 教训; 榜样: * Let this be a lesson to you never to play with matches!把这件事当作你的教训, 再也不要玩火柴了! * His courage is a lesson to us all. 他很有勇气, 是我们大家的榜样. * We are still absorbing the lessons of this disaster. 我们从这场灾难中仍不断汲取教训. 4 (religion 宗) passage from the Bible read aloud during a church service （教堂礼拜中诵读的）圣经选段: * The first lesson is taken from St John's Gospel. 第一段圣经选自《约翰福音》. 5 (idm 习语) learn one's lesson => learn.

lessor
[5lesC:(r); 5lesCr] n (law 律) person who lets a property on lease 出租人. Cf 参看 lessee. =>Usage at tenant 用法见tenant.

lest
[lest; lest] conj (fml 文) 1 for fear that; in order that...not 唯恐; 以免; 为不使: * He ran away lest he (should/might) be seen. 他怕人家看见他而跑开了. * Lest anyone should think it strange, let me assure you that it is quite true. 我向你们保证那是真事, 以免有人觉得奇怪. 2 (used after fear, be afraid, be anxious, etc 用於fear、 be afraid、 be anxious等之後): * She was afraid lest he might drown. 她担心他会淹死.

let
1[let; let] v (-tt-, pt, pp let) 1 [Cn.i no passive 不用於被动语态] (often with the infinitive omitted when the context is clear 连用的动词不定式在上下文清楚时常省略) allow (sb/sth) to 允许, 让（某人[某事物]）...: * Don't let your child play with matches. 别让孩子玩火柴. * My father's only just had his operation and they won't let me see him yet. 我父亲刚动过手术, 医生还不允许我去看他. * She asked me if she could leave but I wouldn't let her (leave). 她问我她是否可以走, 可我不让她走. 2 [Tn.pr, Tn.p] allow (sb/oneself/sth) to go or pass in, etc 允许（某人[自己/某事物]）进入, 通过: * let sb into the house 允许某人进屋 * I'll give you a key to the flat so that you can let yourself in. 我把房门钥匙交给你, 你可以自己进去. * You've let all the air out of the tyres. 你让车胎的气都跑光了. * Let her past (you). 让她（从你身旁）过去吧. * Don't let the dog out (of the room). 别让狗跑到（房间）外面去. * The roof lets water through. 屋顶漏雨. * Windows let in light and air. 窗户可透光及通风. 3 [Cn.i no passive 不用於被动语态] (used as an imperative 用於祈使语气) (a) (with the first person plural to make a suggestion 与复数第一人称连用, 用以提出建议): * Let's go to the cinema. 咱们看电影去吧. * I don't think we'll succeed but let's try anyway. 我想我们不一定能成功, 但是不管怎样还是试试吧. (b) (in requests and commands 用於要求与命令): * Let the work be done immediately. 工作要马上完成. * Let there be no mistake about it, ie Don't misunderstand me. 不要误解我的意思. (c) (used to express an assumption, eg in mathematics 用以表示假设, 如於数学中): * Let line AB be equal to line CD. 设AB线与CD线等长. * Let ABC be an angle of 90. 设ABC为一90角. (d) (used to express defiance 用以表示违抗或蔑视): * Let them do their worst. 让他们蛮干好啦.

let's
contracted form 缩约式 let us => let1 3a.

let1
* Let them attack: * we'll defeat them anyway. 让他们进攻吧, 反正我们必胜. 4 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (out/off) (to sb) allow sb to use (a house, room, etc) in return for regular payments 出租（房子、 房间等）: * I let (out) my spare rooms (to lodgers). 我把多馀的房间出租（给房客）. * They decided to let (off) the smaller flats at lower rents. 他们决定把小单元廉价出租. 5 (idm 习语) ,let sb/sth `be not disturb or interfere with sb/sth 不打扰或不干涉某人[某事物]: * Let me be, I want a rest. 别打扰我, 我要休息. * Let the poor dog be, ie Don't tease it. 别逗那条可怜的狗吧. let it `go (at `that) say or do no more about sth 不再多说; 不再多做; 就那样吧: * I don't agree with all you say, but I'll let it go at that. 我并不完全同意你说的话, 但我不再多说了. * I thought she was hinting at something but I let it go. 我想她是有所指, 不过我没有理会. ,let oneself `go (a) no longer restrain one's feelings, desires, etc 尽情发泄感情、 放纵欲望等: * Go on, enjoy yourself, let yourself go. 继续玩, 尽情地玩个痛快吧. (b) stop being careful, tidy, conscientious, etc 不再谨慎、 整齐、 认真等: * He has let himself go a bit since he lost his job. 他自从失业以来变得有点邋遢了. let sb/sth go; let go of sb/sth release (one's hold of) sb/sth 松开或释放某人[某事物]: * let the rope go/let go of the rope 松开绳子 * Let me go! 让我走! * Will they let the hostages go? 他们会释放人质吗? let sb `have it (sl 俚) shoot, punish, etc sb 射击或惩罚某人: * Hold this bucket of water, and when he comes round the corner let him have it, ie throw the water at him. 提着这桶水, 等他从拐角那边过来就泼他. let me `see I'm thinking or trying to remember 让我想想: * Let me see where did I leave my hat? 让我想想看--我把帽子落在哪儿了? let us `say for example 比如; 例如; 譬如:

let2
* If the price is 500, let us say, is that too much? 价钱嘛, 比如说500英镑吧, 是不是太贵了? to `let available for renting 待租; 出租: * Rooms to let, eg on a sign outside a house 房间出租（如房屋外的招贴）. (For other idioms containing let, see entries for ns, adjs, etc 查阅与let搭配的其他习语见有关名词、 形容词等的词条, 如 let alone => alone; let rip => rip.) 6 (phr v) let sb down fail to help sb; disappoint sb 不帮助某人; 使某人失望: Please come and support me. Don't let me down. 请来支持我. 可别不帮忙. * This machine won't let you down, ie is very reliable. 这部机器不会出毛病, 你尽管放心. let sth down (a) lower sth 放下; 降下: We let the bucket down by a rope. 我们用绳子把桶吊下去. * This skirt needs letting down, ie lengthening by lowering the hem-line. 这条裙子需要放长. (b) deflate sth 放掉某物的气: let sb's tyres down 把某人车胎的气放掉. let sth in make (a garment, etc) narrower 将（衣物等）改窄, 改瘦: This skirt needs letting in at the waist. 这裙子的腰部需要改瘦. let sb/oneself in for sth (infml 口) cause sb/oneself to suffer (sth unpleasant) 使某人[自已]惹上（不愉快的事）: You're letting yourself in for trouble by buying that rusty old car. 你买那辆生了的旧汽车是自找麻烦. let sb in on/into sth (infml 口) allow sb to share (a secret, etc) 让某人知道（秘密等）: Are you going to let them in on the plans? 你是否打算让他们知道这些计划? let sth into sth put sth into the surface of sth 将某物置入另物的表面: window let into a wall 嵌进墙壁的窗户. let sb off (with sth) not punish sb (severely) 不（严厉）惩罚某人: She was let off with a fine instead of being sent to prison. 没让她入狱, 而是罚款了事. * Don't let these criminals off lightly, ie Punish them severely. 不要轻易放过这些罪犯. let sb off (sth) not compel sb to do (sth) 不强迫某人做（某事物）: We've been let off school today because our teacher is ill. 今天学校放假, 因为我们的老师病了. let sth off fire sth off; explode sth 放枪炮、 烟火等: The boys were letting off fireworks. 男孩子在放烟火.

let3
let `on (about sth/that...) (to sb) (infml 口) reveal a secret 泄露秘密: I'm getting married next week, but please don't let on (to anyone) (about it), will you? 下星期我就要结婚了, 但（这事）请不要泄露（给任何人）, 行吗? let sb out release sb from sth, esp sth unpleasant 放过某人免受某事之累（尤指不愉快事）: The teacher said only Janet, George and Sue were to be punished, so that let me out. 老师说只惩罚珍妮特、 乔治和休, 因而饶了我. let sth out (a) make (a garment, etc) looser or larger 放宽, 放大（衣服等）: He's getting so fat that his trousers have to be let out round the waist. 他越来越胖, 裤腰都得放宽了. (b) utter (a cry, etc) 发出（叫喊等）: She let out a scream of terror. 她发出恐怖的叫喊. (c) reveal (a secret, etc) 泄露（秘密等）: Don't let it out about me losing my job, will you? 别把我丢了工作一事泄露出去, 行吗? let sb through allow sb to pass an exam or a test 评定某人及格: I'm a hopeless driver, but the examiner let me through. 我开车的技术糟透了, 但考官让我及格了. let `up become less strong, intense, etc; relax one's efforts 减弱; 缓和; 减少; 减小; 放松: Will the rain ever let up? 雨什麽时候才能小些? * We mustn't let up, even though we're winning. 我们即使快赢了也决不可松劲. 复合： `let-down n disappointment 失望; 沮丧: The party was a big let-down. 这个聚会令人大失所望. `let-up n reduction in strength, intensity, etc; relaxation of efforts 减弱; 缓和; 减少; 减小; 放松: There is no sign of a let-up in the hijack crisis. 绑架危机毫无缓和迹象.

lethal
[5li:Wl; 5liWEl] adj 1 causing or able to cause death 致死的; 能致命的: * a lethal dose of poison 毒药的致命剂量 * lethal weapons 致命武器. 2 damaging; harmful 破坏性的; 有害的: * (fig 比喻) The closure of the factory dealt a lethal blow to the town. 那座工厂关闭是对该镇的致命打击. * (joc 谑) This wine's pretty lethal! ie very strong. 这酒的劲儿真要命! > lethally[5li:WEli; 5liWEli] adv.

lethargy
[5leWEdVi; 5leWldVi] n [U] extreme lack of energy or vitality; inactivity; apathy 无生气; 死气沉沉; 呆滞; 冷漠: * She suffers from bouts of lethargy and depression. 她一阵阵无精打彩、 情绪低落. * government lethargy on this issue 政府对这一问题的软弱无力. >lethargic/lE'Wa:dVik; li'WardVik] adj: * Hot weather makesme lethargic. 天气炎热我觉得委靡不振. lethargically[-klI; -klI/ adv.

letter
[5letE(r); 5letl] n 1 [C] written or printed sign representing a sound used in speech 字母: * `B' is the second letter of the alphabet. B是字母表中的第二个字母. * Fill in your answers in capital letters, not small letters. 答案用大写字母填写, 不要用小写字母. 2 [C] written message addressed to a person or an organization, usu in an envelope, and sent by post 信: * Are there any letters for me? 有我的信吗? * Please inform me by letter of your plans. 请来信把你的计划告诉我. =>App 3 见附录3. 3 letters [pl] (dated or fml 旧或文) literature as a profession or an academic study 文学; 文学研究: * the profession of letters 文学家的职业 * a man/woman of letters 男[女]文学家. 4 (idm 习语) a bread-and-butter letter => bread. a dead letter => dead. the ,letter of the `law the exact requirements or form of words of a law, rule, etc (as opposed to its general meaning or spirit) 法律、 规则等的字面意义（与其整体意义或精神相对）. to the `letter paying strict attention to every detail 严密周详地; 一丝不苟地: * carry out an order to the letter 严格执行命令 * keep to the letter of an agreement, a contract, etc 严格遵照协议、 合同等的条文办事. 派生： lettering[5letEriN; 5letEriN] n [U] letters or words, esp with reference to their visual appearance 字母, 字（尤指其形状）: * The lettering on the poster is very eye-catching. 海报上的字体非常醒目. 复合： `letter-bomb n terrorist explosive device disguised as a letter and sent by post 信件炸弹（恐怖分子投寄的似信件的爆炸物）. `letter-box n (a) (Brit) opening in a door, covered by a movable flap, through which letters are delivered 投信口. (b) (US `mailbox) box near or at the entrance to or inside a building, in which letters and other articles brought by the postman are placed 信箱. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page vi.

letter1
(c) = post-lettuce /// [5letis; 5letis] n 1 [C] garden plant with crisp green leaves 莴苣; 生菜. 2 [U] its leaves used as food (esp in salads) 生菜叶: * [attrib 作定语] a lettuce and tomato salad 生菜蕃茄色拉. =>illus at salad 见salad插图.

leucocyte
(US leukocyte)[5lu:kEsait; 5lukE7sait] n (medical 医) white blood cell 白细胞; 白血球.

leucotomy
[lu:'kCtEmi; lu'katEmi] n (Brit) = lobotomy.

leukaemia
(US leukemia)[lu:'ki:miE; lu'kimiE] n [U] disease in which there is an uncontrollable increase in the numbers of white corpuscles 白血病.

levee
1[5levi; 5levi] n (arch 古) assembly of visitors, esp at a formal reception 集体接见; （尤指正式的）招待会.

lever
[5li:vE(r); - 'levEr; 5levl] n 1 bar or other device turning on a fixed point (the fulcrum) which lifts or opens sth with one end when pressure is applied to the other end ; 装置. 2 handle used to operate or control machinery （机器的）控制 , 操作 : * Move this lever to change gear. 换挡时扳动这根操作 . =>illus 见插图. 3 (fig 比喻) means of exerting moral pressure （施加道德压力的）手段, 方法: * This latest incident may be the lever needed to change government policy. 最近的事件或可作为迫使政府改变其政策所需的手段. 派生： lever v [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.a] move (sth) with a lever （用 ）撬动（某物）: They levered the rock into the hole. 他们用 子把大石撬进洞里. * lever a crate open 把板条箱撬开. leverage[-EridV; -EridV] n [U] 1 action or power of a lever 作用; 的力量. 2 (fig 比喻) power; influence 力量; 影响: * Her wealth gives her enormous leverage in social circles. 她有财富便於她在社会各界造成巨大影响.

leveret
[5levErit; 5levErit] n young hare 幼小的野兔.

leviathan
[li'vaiEWn; lE'vaiEWEn] n 1 (Bible 圣经) sea-monster 海怪. 2 thing of enormous size and power 庞然大物.

Levis
[5li:vaiz; 5livaiz] n [pl] (propr 专利名) jeans 牛仔裤.

levitate
[5leviteit; 5levE7tet] v [I, Tn, Tn.pr] (cause sb/sth to) rise and float in the air, esp by means of supernatural powers （使某人[某物]）升空飘荡（尤指藉超自然力）. > levitation[7levi'teiFn; 7levE'teFEn] n [U]: * powers of levitation 升空飘荡之力（尤指超自然力）.

levity
[5levEti; 5levEti] n [U] (fml 文) lack of proper seriousness or respect 轻率; 轻浮.

levy
[5levi; 5levi] v (pt, pp levied) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (on sb) collect (a payment, etc) by authority or force; impose sth 徵收, 徵集（款额等）; 强加某事物: * a departure tax levied on all travellers 向所有旅客徵收的离境税. 2 (phr v) levy on sth (law 律) seize sth in order to force payment of a debt 扣押某物（迫使还债）: * levy on sb's property, estate, etc 扣押某人财产、 地产等. 派生： levy n 1 act of levying 徵收; 扣押. 2 money, etc so obtained 徵收或扣押的钱等.

lewd
[lju:d; - lu:d; lud] adj 1 treating sexual matters in a vulgar or indecent way 淫荡的; 猥亵的: * a story full of lewd innuendos 充满淫秽影射的故事. 2 lustful 好色的: * a lewd expression, glance, gesture, etc 显露色欲的表情、 目光、 姿势等. > lewdly adv. lewdness n [U].

lexical
[5leksikl; 5leksikl] adj (linguistics 语言) of the vocabulary of a language 词汇的: * lexical items, ie words and phrases 词项（词或词组）. 派生： lexically[-kli; -kli] adv. lexis[5leksis; 5leksis] n [U] vocabulary 词汇.

lexicography
[7leksi'kCgrEfi; 7leksE'kagrEfi] n [U] theory and practice of compiling dictionaries 词典编纂学; 词典的编纂. 派生： lexicographer[7leksi'kCgrEfE(r); 7leksE'kagrEfl] n person who compiles dictionaries 词典编纂者. lexicographical[7leksikE'grfikl; 7leksEko'grAfikEl] adj.

lexicon
[5leksikEn; - -kCn; 5leksikan] n 1 dictionary, esp of an ancient language (eg Greek or Hebrew) 词典, 字典（尤指古代语言的辞书, 如希腊语或希伯来语）. 2 (linguistics 语言) vocabulary (contrasted with grammar) 词汇（与语法相对）.

ley
1[lei; le] n land that is temporarily sown with grass 短期轮作的草地.

LF
[7el 'ef; 7el 'ef] abbr 缩写 = (radio 无) low frequency. Cf 参看 HF.

lh
abbr 缩写 = left hand. Cf 参看 rh.

liability
[7laiE'bilEti; 7laiE'bilEti] n 1 [U] ~ (for sth) state of being liable （对某事物）有责任或义务: * liability for military service 服兵役的义务 * Don't admit liability for the accident. 不要承认对事故有责任. 2 [C] (infml 口) handicap 妨碍; 不利: * Because of his injury Jones was just a liability to the team. 琼斯负了伤, 成为全队的累赘. Cf 参看 asset. 3 liabilities [pl] debts; financial obligations 债; 债务.

liable
[5laiEbl; 5laiEbl] adj [pred 作表语] 1 ~ (for sth) responsible by law 负法律责任: * Is a wife liable for her husband's debts? 妻子对丈夫的债务负法律责任吗? * Be careful if you have an accident I'll be liable. 小心--你要是出事故, 我要负责的. 2 ~ to sth subject to sth 可能遭到某事: * a road liable to subsidence 可能塌陷的公路 * Offenders are liable to fines of up to 100. 触犯者可予罚款达100英镑. 3 ~ to do sth likely to do sth 有做某事物倾向: * We're all liable to make mistakes when we're tired. 人若疲劳谁都可能出差错.

liaise
[li'eiz; li'ez] v [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb); ~ (between A and B) (infml 口) act as a link or go-between 做联络人; 联络.

liaison
[li'eizn; - 'liEzCn; 5liE7zan] n 1 [U] communicationand co-operation between units of an organization 组织内单位间的交流与合作: * excellent liaison between our two departments 我们两部门间出色的合作 * [attrib 作 定语] a liaison officer 联络官. 2 [C] (often derog 常作贬义) person who liaises 联络人; 掮客. 3 [C] (often derog 常作贬义) illicit sexual relationship 私通; 通奸: * a brief liaison 短暂的姘居.

liana
[li'a:nE; li'anE] n tropical climbing plant 热带藤本植物.

liar
[5laiE(r); 5lail] n person who tells lies, esp habitually 说谎者（尤指经常性的）: * a good/bad liar, ie sb who can/cannot easily deceive others by telling lies 高明的[拙劣的]撒谎者.

libation
[lai'beiFn; lai'beFEn] n 1 (pouring out of an) offering of wine, etc to a god in former times （旧时向神的）祭酒, 奠酒. 2 (joc 谑) alcoholic drink 酒.

libel
[5laibl; 5laibl] n 1 [C] false written or printed statement that damages sb's reputation 诽谤性文字.2 [U] (law 律) act of publishing such a statement 发表诽谤性文字: * sue a newspaper for libel 控告某报刊登诽谤性文字 * [attrib 作定语] libel proceedings 诽谤文字的诉讼. 3 [C] ~ (on sb) (infml 口) thing that tends to harm the reputation of sb/sth 有损某人[某事物]名誉的事物: * That interview was an absolute libel on a honest man. 那篇采访报道完全是对一诚实人的诽谤. Cf 参看 slander. 派生： libel v (-ll-; US -l-) [Tn] harm the reputation of (sb) by publishing a false statement （发表文字等）诽谤, 中伤, 诋毁（某人的）声誉. libellous (US libelous)[5laibElEs; 5laiblEs] adj1 being or containing a libel 诽谤性的; 含有诽谤性文字的: * a libellous statement 诽谤性的说法. 2 in the habit of publishing libels 惯於发表诽谤性文字的: * a libellous magazine 爱刊登诽谤内容的杂志.

liberal
[5libErEl; 5libErEl] adj 1 tolerant and open-minded; free from prejudice 宽容忍耐的; 心胸宽砰的; 无偏见的: * a liberal attitude to divorce and remarriage 对离婚和再婚看得开. 2 giving or given generously 慷慨的; 大方的: * She's very liberal with promises but much less so with money. 她轻诺而手紧. * a liberal sprinkling of sugar 撒上厚厚的糖. 3 (of education) concerned chiefly with broadening the mind, not simply with technical or professional training （指教育）扩展心智的, 德育的（不单纯作职业或技术的训练）. 4 not strict, literal or exact 不严格的; 自由的; 不讲究准确性的: * a liberal translation giving a general idea of the writer's intentions 对作者总体意思的意译. 5 Liberal (politics 政) of the Liberal Party 自由党的: * Liberal housing policy 自由党的住房政策. 派生： liberal n 1 tolerant and open-minded person 宽容大度的人. 2 Liberal (Brit politics 政) (abbr 缩写 Lib) member of the Liberal Party 自由党人. liberalism[-izEm; -7izEm] n [U] liberal opinions and principles 自由主义. liberally[-rEli; -rEli] adv: * rolls spread liberally with butter 涂有很多黄油的面包 * interpret the ruling liberally 任意解释裁决. 复合： the ,Liberal `Democrats (Brit politics 政) political party in Britain (formly called the Liberal Party) favouring moderate political and social reform 自由民主党（旧称自由党）. Cf 参看 the Conservative Party (conservative), the Labour Party (labour).

liberality
[7libE'rlEti; 7libE'rAlEti] n [U] 1 free giving; generosity 慷慨; 大方; 大度. 2 quality of beingtolerant and open-minded 宽容; 开明: * a period remarkablefor its liberality 以开明着称的时期.

liberalize, liberalise
[5librElaiz; 5libErEl7aiz] v [Tn] free (sb/sth) from political or moral restrictions 使（某人[某事物]）自由化（脱离政治或道德的约束）: * There is a move to liberalize literature and the Arts. 文学与艺术有自由化的动向. > liberallization, -isation[7librElai'zeiFn; - -li'z-; 7libErElE'zeFEn] n [U].

liberate
[5libEreit; 5libE7ret] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (from sth) set (sb/sth) free 解放, 释放（某人[某事物]）: * liberate prisoners, an occupied country 释放监犯、 解放被占领的国家. 派生： liberated showing freedom from traditional ideas in social and sexual matters （在社会事务与性方面）解放的, 不受传统思想束缚的: a liberated male, mother, lifestyle 不受传统思想束缚的男性、 母亲、 生活方式. liberation[7libE'reiFn; 7libE'reFEn] n [U]: * the liberation of Europe by Allied troops 盟军解放欧洲 * The break-up of their marriage was an enormous liberation for her. 她离婚一事对她是一大解脱. liberator n: hailing the soldiers as liberators 把士兵当作解放者来欢迎.

libertine
[5libEti:n; 5libl7tin] n man who lives an irresponsible and immoral life 放荡的人; 浪子.

liberty
[5libEti; 5liblti] n 1 [U] freedom from captivity, slavery, or oppressive control 自由; 自主. 2 [C, U] right or power to do as one chooses 自由权: * Liberties enjoyed by all citizens 公民皆享的自由权 * They give their children a great deal of liberty. 他们给孩子很大自由.3 [C esp pl 尤作复数] right or privilege granted by authority 当局授予的权利或特权: * liberties enjoyed by all citizens 公民皆享的权利. 4 (idm 习语) at liberty (to do sth) (a) (of a person) free; allowed （指人）自由的, 获许可的: * You are at liberty to leave. 你可以走. (b) free from restrictions or control 不受限制或支配: * You're at liberty to say what you like. 你尽可畅所欲言. ,Liberty `Hall place or condition of complete freedom 自由自在的地方或状态: * Wear what you like for the party it's Liberty Hall. 参加这聚会你爱穿什麽穿什麽--那是逍遥宫. set sb free/at liberty => free. take liberties (with sb/sth) behave in a presumptuous disrespectful way 放肆: * She told him to stop taking liberties, ie treating her with too much familiarity. 她告诉他不要太随便了（对她过分亲昵）. * The film takes considerable liberties with the novel on which it is based, eg by shortening or changing it. 影片与原作颇有距离. take the liberty of doing sth do sth without permission 擅自或冒昧做某事物: * I took the liberty of borrowing your lawn-mower while you were away. 你不在的时候我擅自借用了你的刈草机.

libidinous
[li'bidinEs; li'bidnEs] adj (fml 文) having or showing strong sexual feelings; lustful 性欲强的; 好色的.

libido
[li'bi:dEu, also 'libidEu; li'bido] n (pl ~s) [U, C] (psychology 心) emotional energy or urge, esp sexual 感情冲动; 情欲; （尤指）性欲.

Libra
[5li:brE; 5librE] n 1 [U] the seventh sign of the zodiac, the Scales 天平宫（黄道第七宫）. 2 [C] person born under the influence of this sign 属天平宫星座的人. > Libran n, adj. =>Usage at zodiac 用法见zodiac. =>illus at zodiac 见zodiac插图.

library
[5laibrEri; - -breri; 5lai7breri] n 1 (a) collection of books for reading or borrowing 藏书: * a public, reference, university, etc library 公共图书馆、 图书参考室、 大学图书馆的藏书 * He has many foreign books in his library. 他的藏书中有许多外国书. * [attrib 作定语] When is that library book due back? ie When must it be returned to the public library? 那本公共图书什麽时候到期归还? (b) room or building where these are kept 藏书室; 图书馆; 书库: * Let's meet outside the library. 我们在图书馆外边见面. 2 similar collection of records, films, etc （唱片、 影片等的）收藏: * a recording to add to your library 在你收藏的录音资料中加进的一段录音 * a photographic library 摄影资料集. 派生： librarian/lai'breEriEn; lai'breriEn] n person in charge of or assisting in a library 图书馆管理员; 资料收藏管理员. librarianship n [U] work of being a librarian 图书馆管理（员）或资料收藏管理（员）的工作.

libretto
[li'bretEu; li'breto] n (pl ~s or -retti[-ti:; -ti] ) words that are sung and spoken in an opera or musical play （歌剧或音乐剧的）剧本. 派生： librettist/li'bretist; li'bretist] n author of a libretto （歌剧或音乐剧的）歌词作者.

lice
pl of louse.

licence
(US license)[5laisns; 5laisns] n 1 [C] official document showing that permission has been given to own, use or do sth 执照; 许可证: * a driving licence 驾驶执照 * a licence to practise as a doctor 医生开业执照 * This used to be a pub but the landlord has lost his licence, ie is no longer permitted to sell alcoholic drinks. 这 子原是酒店, 但店主已丧失营业执照（再不允许卖酒了）. 2 [U] (fml 文) permission 准许; 许可: * Why give these people licence to enter the place at will? 为什麽允许这些人随意进入该地? 3 [U] (a) irresponsible use of freedom, esp to behave in an offensive way 放纵; 放任; （尤指）放肆. (b) freedom to rearrange or exaggerate words or images （文字或形象的）破格: * artistic/poetic licence 艺术[诗]的破格. 4 (idm 习语) a ,licence to print `money (infml 口) scheme, etc that has been officially approved but is likely to be excessively costly, with little or no control over the money spent 无底洞开支（正式批准但无法控制开销的计画等）. 复合： `licence plate (US license plate) n (esp US) = number-plate (number).

license
(also licence)[5laisns; 5laisns] v [Tn, Cn.t] give a licence to (sb/sth) 给（某人[某事物]）执照或许可证; 准许: * shops licensed to sell tobacco 准许经销烟草的商店 * licensed premises, ie where the sale of alcoholic drinks is permitted 许可出售酒类的场所. 派生： licensee[7laisEn'si:; 7laisn'si] n person who has a licence, esp to sell alcoholic drinks 执照持有者（尤指出售酒类）. 复合： `licensing laws (Brit) laws limiting the places and times at which alcoholic drinks may be sold 售酒法（限定酒类销售的地点与时间的法规）.

licentiate
[lai'senFiEt; lai'senFiit] n person who has a certificate showing that he is competent to practise a certain profession 持有从事某职业合格证件者: * a licentiate in dental surgery 领有牙外科开业执照的医生.

licentious
[lai'senFEs; lai'senFEs] adj (fml 文) disregardingthe rules of behaviour, esp in sexual matters 漠视行为规范的; （尤指）放荡的, 淫乱的. > licentiously adv. licentiousness n [U].

lich-gate
(also lych-gate)[5litFgeit; 5litF7get] n roofed gateway to a churchyard 教堂墓地前有顶盖的门.

lichen
[5laikEn; 5laikEn] n [U] dry-looking plant, usu yellow, grey or green, that grows on rocks, walls, tree-trunks, etc 地衣. Cf 参看 moss.

lick
[lik; lik] v 1 [Tn, Cn.a] pass the tongue over (sb/sth) 舔（某人[某物]）: * He licked his fingers. 他舔手指. * The cat was licking its fur. 猫在舔自己的毛. * lick the back of a postage stamp, ie to moisten the glue 舔邮票的反面（弄湿该处的胶水） * He licked the spoon clean. 他把小勺舔乾净了. 2 [Tn] (of waves or flames) touch (sth) lightly （指波浪或火焰）触及某物: * flames beginning to lick the furniture 开始燃着家具的火焰. 3 [Tn] (sl 俚) defeat (sb) 打败（某人）. 4 (idm 习语) lick sb's `boots (infml 口); lick sb's `arse ( sl 讳, 俚) be servile towards sb 舔屁股. lick sb/sth into `shape (infml 口) make sb/sth efficient or presentable 使某人[某事物]成器或像样: * The new recruits will be fine once they've been licked into shape. 新兵一经训练就是好样儿的. lick/smack one's `lips/`chops (infml 口) show eager enjoyment or anticipation of sth 舔嘴唇（自喜或期待某事）: * The children licked their lips as the cake was cut. 蛋糕一切开, 孩子们就垂涎叁尺了. * (fig 比喻) She's licking her chops at the thought of spending all that money! 她一想到能花那一大笔钱不觉心花怒放. lick one's `wounds try to restore one's strength or spirits after a defeat 自舐伤口（失败後以求恢复元气）: * The disappointed losers crawled home to lick their wounds. 输者废然而返以重整旗鼓. 5 (phr v) lick sth from/off sth remove sth by licking 舔掉某物: * lick blood from a cut, honey off a spoon 舔掉伤口上的血、 徭上的蜜. lick sth up take sth into the mouth by licking 将某物舔进嘴里: * The cat licked up its milk. 猫把奶舔乾净了. 派生： lick n 1 [C] stroke of the tongue in licking 舔: One last lick and the milk was gone. 剩奶最後一舔而光. * a lick of ice-cream 舔一下冰激 . 2 [sing] slight application (of paint, etc) （颜料等的）略施: The boat would look better with a lick of paint. 这小船稍加颜色就好看了.

lick1
3 [sing] (sl 俚) speed 速度: going at quite a, a fair old, a full, etc lick, ie quite, fairly, extremely fast 走得很快、 颇快、 极快等. 4 = salt-lick (salt). 5 (idm 习语) a ,lick and a `promise (infml 口) quick and careless attempt to clean or wash sth 迅速而马虎地弄乾净或清洗某物. licking n (esp sing 尤作单数) (sl 俚) 1 defeat 打败: give sb/get a (right) licking （狠狠）挫败某人[遭到（惨重）失败]. 2 beating 痛打: If your father hears about this he'll give you such a licking! 你父亲若是知道这事非狠狠揍你一顿不可!

licorice
= liquorice.

lid
[lid; lid] n 1 hinged or removable cover for a box, pot, etc 盖子. =>illus at pan 见pan插图. 2 = eyelid (eye). 3 (idm 习语) flip one's lid => flip. put the (tin) lid on sth/things (infml 口) be the final event that provokes an outburst 成为导致某事爆发的最後一件事. take, lift, blow, etc the lid off sth reveal unpleasant secrets concerning sth 揭露丑闻: * an article that lifts the lid off the world of professional gambling 揭露职业赌博界内幕的文章. 派生： lidded adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] 1 (of a box, pot, etc) having a lid （指箱子、 锅等）有盖的. 2 (of eyes) having lids of a particular type （指眼睛）有某种眼睑的: heavily lidded eyes 长着厚眼皮的眼睛. lidless adj.

lido
[5li:dEu; 5lido] n (pl ~s) public bathing beach or open air swimming-pool 海滨浴场; 露天游泳池.

lie
1[lai; lai] v (pt, pp lied, pres p lying) 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (to sb) (about sth) make a statement one knows to be untrue 说谎: * He's lying. 他在说谎. * Don't you dare lie to me! 你胆敢跟我撒谎! * She lies about her age. 她谎报年龄. 2 [I] give a false impression; be deceptive 给人以假象; 不可信: * The camera cannot lie. 照相机不会造假. * lying smiles 假笑. 3 (idm 习语) lie in one's `teeth/`throat (infml 口) lie grossly and shamelessly 扯弥天大谎; 睁着眼睛说瞎话. lie one's way into/out of sth get (oneself) into or out of a situation by lying 撒谎以求一逞或摆脱困境: * He's lied his way into a really plum job. 他靠撒谎骗得一份好工作. =>Usage at lie2 用法见lie2. 派生： lie n 1 statement one knows to be untrue 谎言; 假话: His story is nothing but a pack of lies. 他说的纯粹是一派鬼话. Cf 参看 fib. 2 (idm 习语) give the lie to sth show sth to be untrue 证明某事不实: These figures give the lie to reports that business is declining. 这些数字表明报告所谓业务正在滑坡的说法不实. live a lie => live2. nail a lie => nail. Cf 参看 white lie (white1). 复合： `lie-detector n instrument that can detect changes in the pulse-rate, breathing, etc, thought to result from the stress caused by lying in response to questions 测谎器.

lied
[li:t; lit] n (pl lieder[5li:dE(r); 5lidl] ) (German music 德, 音) German song for solo voice and piano, esp of the Romantic period （独唱的和钢琴独奏的）德国歌曲（尤指浪漫主义时期的）.

liege
[li:dV; lidV] n 1 (also `liege lord) (in feudal times) sovereign or lord, entitled to loyal service （封建时期）君主, 王侯. 2 (also `liegeman[-mEn; -mEn] ) man or servant bound to give loyal service to such a sovereign or lord （君主或王侯的）臣仆.

lien
[liEn; liEn] n [C] (law 律) ~ (on/upon sth) right to keep sb's property until a debt owed in connection with it (for repair, transport, etc) is paid 留置权, 扣押权（扣押某人财产直至债务, 如修理费、 运输费等清偿方予放还者）.

lieu
[ lu:; lu or, in British use, 英式英语读作 lju:; lIu] n (idm 习语) in lieu (of sth) instead 代替: * accept a cheque in lieu of cash 接受支票替代现金.

Lieut
(also Lt) abbr 缩写 = Lieutenant: Lieut (James) Brown （詹姆士．）布朗中尉.

lieutenant
[lef'tenEnt; - lu:'t-; lu'tenEnt] n 1 army officer next below a captain 陆军中尉. =>App 9 见附录9. 2 navy officer next below a lieutenant-commander 海军上尉. =>App 9 见附录9. 3 (in compounds) officer ranking next below the one specified （在复合词中）仅低於某一官阶的官员: * lieu,tenant-`general 陆军中将 * lieu,tenant-`governor, ie official next below a governor-general 副总督. 4 deputy; chief assistant 副职官员; 助理官员. 派生： lieutenancy[-Ensi; -Ensi] n rank of a lieutenant 陆军中尉、 海军上尉、 副职官员的军衔或职位.

life
[laif; laif] n (pl lives/laivz; laivz] ) 1 [U] ability to function and grow that distinguishes living animals and plants from dead ones and from rocks, metals, etc 生命: * the origins of life on earth 地球上生命的起源 * The motionless body showed no signs of life. 纹丝不动的躯体显示不出有生命的迹象. 2 [U] living things 生物; 活物: * Is there life on Mars? 火星上有生物吗? * animal and plant life 动植物. 3 [U] state of being alive as a human being 人生; 人的生存: * The riot was brought under control without loss of life, ie without anyone being killed. 骚乱得到控制, 无人死亡. 4 [U] qualities, events and experiences that characterize existence as a human being 生活: * He does not want much from life. 他对生活所求无多. * What do you expect? That's life! ie These things happen and must be expected and accepted. 你期待什麽呢? 这就是生活（这些事常有, 必须想到并承受）! 5 [C] existence of an individual human being 人命; （人的）性命: * Doctors worked through the night to save the life of the injured man. 医生彻夜工作以拯救伤者的生命. * Three lives were lost (ie Three people died) in the accident. 事故中叁人丧生. 6 (a) [C] period between birth and death 一生; 终身; 终生: * She lived her whole life in the country. 她在农村度过一生. * He spent his adult life in Canada. 他成年时期是在加拿大度过的. (b) [C] period between birth and the present 有生以来: * I've lived here all my life. 我一生都住在这里. 7 [U] (a) period between the present and death 从今到死; 终此一生: * a friend, job, membership for life. 终身的朋友、 工作、 成员资格. (b) (infml 口) (also life sentence) sentence of imprisonment for the rest of one's life made by a court of law 终身监禁; 无期徒刑: * be given/get/do life 被判[落得/服]无期徒刑.

life1
8 [U] (a) business, pleasure and social activities of the world 事业; 欢乐; 社交: * As a taxi-driver you really see life. 你开计程车, 可真是见多识广了. (b) activity; movement 活动: * There are few signs of life here in the evenings. 这里晚间没有什麽活动的迹象. 9 [U] liveliness; interest 生命力; 活力; 兴趣: * Children are always so full of life. 儿童总是那麽朝气蓬勃的. * Put more life into your work. 你的工作多增加些活力吧. 10 [U, C] way of living 生活方式: * private/public life 私人[大众]的生活方式 * Village life is too dull for me. 我觉得乡村的生活方式太单调乏味了. * have an easy/hard life 过闲适[艰苦]的生活 * Singing is her life, ie the most important thing in her existence. 唱歌是她的人生大事. * That's the life (for me)! ie the best way to live. 这就是（我）最好的生活方式! * He's decided to emigrate and start a new life in America. 他决定移居美国, 开始新的生活. 11 [C] biography 传记: * He's writing a life of Newton. 他在写牛顿的传记. 12 [U] living model 真人模特儿; 生物模型: * a portrait drawn/taken from life 以真人作模特儿的画像 * [attrib 作定语] a `life class, ie one in which art students draw, etc from living models 真人模特儿写生课. 13 [C] period during which sth continues to exist or function 寿命; 有效期; 存在期: * throughout the life of the present government 现政府任期期间 * [attrib 作定语] a long-life battery 长寿电池. 14 [C] (a) fresh start or opportunity after a narrow escape （脱险後的）新开端, 新机会: * The batsman was given a life (eg because a fielder missed an easy catch) when his score was 24. 那击球员积分到24分时获一新机会（如外场员未接住一易接的球）. (b) (in children's games) one of a set number of chances before a player is out of the game （儿童游戏中）参加者的一次机会（若干失误则出局）.

life2
15 (idm 习语) at one's time of life => time1. the bane of sb's existence/life => bane. the breath of life => breath. bring sb/sth to `life give sb/sth vitality 给某人[某事物]的活力: * Let's invite Ted -- he knows how to bring a party to life. 我们邀请特德吧--有他到会就热闹了. a cat-and-dog life => cat1. the change of life => change2. come to `life become animated 变活泼: * You're very cool with your brother, but with your friends you really come to life. 你对你弟弟冷冰冰的, 但跟朋友在一起倒很活跃. * Sunrise -- and the farm comes to life again. 太阳一升起, 农场就又活了. depart this life => depart. end one's days/life => end2. expectation of life => expectation. a fact of life => fact. the facts of life => fact. for dear `life/one's `life (as if) in order to escape death （彷佛）逃命般, 拚命地: * Run for your life! 拚命跑吧! for the `life of one (infml 口) however hard one tries 无论怎样努力: * I cannot for the life of me remember her name. 我怎麽也想不起她的名字. frighten the life out of sb => frighten. full of beans/life => full. have the time of one's life => time1. in fear of one's life => fear1. in peril of one's life => peril. large as life => large. larger than life => large. lay down one's life (for sb/sth) (rhet 修辞) sacrifice one's life 献身; 牺牲生命: * He laid down his life for the cause of freedom. 他为自由的事业献出了生命. lead a dog's life => lead3. lead sb a dog's life => lead3. ,life and `limb one's survival from accident or injury 幸免於难: * Fire-fighters risk life and limb every day in their work. 消防队员的工作每天都是出生入死的. the life and soul of sth (infml 口) the most lively and amusing person present at a party, etc （聚会等中的）最活跃和最风趣的人物. the love of sb's life => love1. make (sb's) life a `misery cause sb to be unhappy or suffer pain in daily life 使某人日子不好过:

life3
* Having unpleasant neighbours can make one's life an absolute misery. 邻居不好也能叫人度日如年. make one's way in life => way2. a matter of life and death => matter1. a new lease of life => new. not on your (sweet) `life! (infml 口) certainly not 当然不. put an end to one's life/oneself => end1. sell one's life dearly => sell. spring to life => spring3. the staff of life => staff. take one's (own) `life commit suicide 自杀. take one's life in one's hands risk being killed 冒生命危险: * You take your life in your hands simply crossing the road these days! 近来就连过马路也得豁出命才行! take sb's `life kill sb 取某人性命. to the `life exactly like the original 逼真: * draw, imitate, resemble sb to the life 画某人画得逼真、 仿某人仿得维妙维肖、 酷似某人. true to life => true. walk of life => walk2. a/sb's way of life => way1. 派生： lifeless adj 1 never having had life 无生命的: lifeless stones 无生命的石头 * a lifeless planet 没有生物的行星. 2 dead 死的: the lifeless bodies of the slaughtered animals 宰杀後的动物 体. 3 lacking vitality; dull 没有生气的; 沉闷的: a lifeless performance 死气沉沉的演出. lifelessly adv. lifelessness n [U]. lifer[5laifE(r); 5laifl] n (sl 俚) person sentenced to life imprisonment 被判终身监禁的人. 复合： ,life-and-`death (also ,life-or-`death) adj [attrib 作定语] serious; crucial; deciding between life and death 严重的; 关系重大的; 生死攸关的: desert animals locked in a life-and-death struggle with the elements 囿於沙漠中与自然环境作生死搏斗的动物 * (fig 比喻) a life-or-death attempt to reach the grand final 为进入大决赛而作殊死拚搏的 试. ,life an`nuity (finance 财) annuity paid for the rest of a person's life 终身年金. `life assurance, `life insurance type of insurance policy providing a specified payment on the death of the holder 人寿保险.

life4
`lifebelt (also `lifebuoy) n ring of buoyant or inflatable material used to keep afloat a person who has fallen into water 救生圈. `life-blood n [U] 1 blood necessary to life 生命必需的血液. 2 (fig 比喻) thing that gives strength and vitality活力的来源; 元气: Credit is the life-blood of the consumer society. 信誉是消费界的生命线. `lifeboat n (a) small boat carried on a ship for use if the ship has to be abandoned at sea （船上的）救生艇. (b) boat specially built for going to the help of people in danger in the sea along a coast （海岸的）救生船. `life cycle (biology 生) series of forms into which a living thing changes as it develops 生活周期（生物发展过程的系列变形）; 生活史: the life cycle of the butterfly 蝴蝶的生活周期. `life expectancy (a) number of years that a person is likely to live, esp as statistically determined for insurance purposes 预期寿命（尤指人寿保险估计）: Women have a higher life expectancy than men. 女人比男人的预期寿命长. (b) length of time sth is likely to exist or function （某事物的）预期存在的期限: the life expectancy of the average car, the present government 一般汽车使用的、 现政府执政的预期年限. `life-giving adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] that restores life or vitality 恢复生机的. `life-guard n expert swimmer employed to rescue bathers in difficulty or danger （游泳场的）救生员. `Life Guards cavalry regiment in the British army （英国陆军中的）近卫骑兵团. ,life `history (biology 生) record of the life cycle of an organism （生物的）生活史. ,life `interest (law 律) benefit (from property, etc) valid during sb's life （财产等的）终身权益. `life-jacket n sleeveless jacket of buoyant or inflatable material used to keep afloat a person in danger of drowning 救生衣. =>illus 见插图. `lifelike adj exactly like a real person or thing 栩栩如生的; 逼真的: a lifelike statue, drawing, toy 栩栩如生的雕像、 绘画、 玩具.

life5
`lifeline n 1 (nautical 海) (a) line or rope for saving life such as that attached to a lifebelt, or fastened along the deck of a ship in a storm for sailors to hold on to 救生索. (b) line attached to a deep-sea diver （深海潜水员的）信号绳. 2 (fig 比喻) anything on which sb/sth depends for continued existence 生命线; 命脉: Public transport is a lifeline for many rural communities. 公共交通对许多农村居民来说是不可或缺的. `lifelong adj [attrib 作定语] extending throughout one's life 毕生的; 终身的: a lifelong interest, friendship, wish 终身权益、 友谊、 愿望. ,life `peer peer whose title is granted only to himself, and is not inherited by his heirs （爵位不能世袭的）终身贵族. `life-preserver n (US) life-jacket 救生衣. `life-raft n raft (esp inflatable) for emergency use at sea 救生筏; （尤指）充气救生船. `life-saver n (a) (Austral or NZ 澳或新西兰) life-guard 救生员. (b) thing that restores, benefits or is of great assistance 有助恢复、 有好处或大有助益的事: The clothes-dryer was a life-saver during the wet weather. 天气潮湿时乾衣机可帮了大忙了. `life sciences biology and related subjects 生命科学（生物学及相关学科）. `life-size (d) adj of the same size as the person or thing represented 与真人实物一样大小的: The statue is twice life-size. 该雕像大小为实体的两倍. `life-span n length of time that sth is likely to live, continue or function 寿命; 生命期限; 使用期; 有效期: Some insects have a life-span of no more than a few hours. 有些昆虫寿命只有几小时. `life story biography 生活史: She told me her life story. 她向我讲述了她的生活史. `life-style n way of life of an individual or group 生活方式: He and his brother have quite different life-styles. 他和他弟弟生活方式截然不同. ,life-sup`port adj [attrib 作定语] (of equipment) enabling sb to live in a hostile environment

life6
(eg a spacecraft) or when natural bodily functions have failed (eg following an accident) （指设备）维持生命的; 保障生命的. ,life-sup`port system such equipment used to keep a person alive 生命维持系统; 生命保障装置. `lifetime n 1 duration of sb's life or sth's existence （人的）一生; （事物的）存在期: a lifetime of service 使用年限 * In your lifetime you must have seen many changes. 人的一生中一定目睹很多变革. * [attrib 作定语] a lifetime subscription (to a magazine, etc) 长期订阅（某杂志等）. 2 (idm 习语) the chance, etc of a `lifetime an exceptional opportunity, etc 千载难逢的好机会等: Book now for the holiday of a lifetime! 为机会难再的假日现在立即预订! ,life-`work n (usu sing 通常作单数) (also life's `work) activity that occupies one's whole life 毕生的工作; 终身的事业.

lift
[lift; lift] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sb/sth (up) raise sb/sth to a higher level or position 将某人[某物]抬起、 举起: * Lift me up, mummy I can't see. 妈妈, 把我抱起来--我看不见. * Three men were lifted by helicopter from the burning ship. 直升飞机把叁个男人从燃烧着的船上吊起. * (fig 比喻) This piece of luck lifted his spirits. 这一好运振奋了他的情绪. 2 [Tn.pr] take (sth) from its resting-place in order to move it 将（某物）从原地移开: * lift a box into a lorry, out of a train, down from a shelf, etc 把箱子抬上卡车、 抬出火车、 从架子上抬下来等. 3 [I] (of clouds, fog, etc) rise; disperse （指云、 雾等）消失, 消散: * The mist began to lift. 雾开始消散. * (fig 比喻) Her heart lifted at the sight of him. 她一看见他心里就高兴. 4 [Tn] dig up (vegetables); remove (plants) from the ground 挖掘（蔬菜）; 拔去（植物）: * lift potatoes, turnips, etc 刨土豆、 拔萝卜. 5 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sb/sth) (infml 口) (a) steal sth 偷窃某物: * She was caught lifting make-up from the supermarket. 她在超级市场偷窃化妆品时被捉住了. (b) copy (material) from another source without permission or acknowledgement 剽窃, 抄袭（资料）: * Many of his ideas were lifted from other authors. 他的很多意念都是剽窃别的作者的. 6 [Tn] remove or abolish (restrictions) 解除或撤销（限制）: * lift a ban, embargo, curfew, etc 解除禁令、 封锁、 戒严等. 7 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] transport (goods, livestock, people) esp by air 运送（货物、 牲畜、 人）（尤指空运）: * fresh tomatoes lifted in from the Canary Islands 从加那利群岛空运的新鲜番茄. 8 (idm 习语) have one's face lifted => face1. lift/raise a finger/hand (to do sth) (infml 口) (usu negative 通常用於否定句) give help (with sth) 帮助（做某事）: * He never lifts a finger round the house, ie never helps with the housework. 家里的事他从不帮忙. lift/raise a hand/one's hand against sb => hand1. lift (up) one's eyes (to sth) (rhet 修辞) look up 抬眼看.

lift1
9 (phr v) lift off (of a rocket or spacecraft) rise from the launching site （指火箭或航天器）发射, 升空, 起飞. 派生： lift n 1 [sing] lifting; being lifted 抬; 举: Give him a lift: he's too small to see anything. 把他抱起来; 他人矮, 什麽也看不见. 2 [C] (Brit) (US elevator) box-like device for moving people or goods from one floor of a building to another 电梯; 升降机: It's on the sixth floor let's take the lift. 在第六层--我们乘电梯吧. 3 [C] free ride in a private vehicle 免费搭私人车; 坐他人的顺路车: I'll give you a lift to the station. 我用车顺便送你到车站去吧. * thumb/hitch a lift, ie hitch-hike 用拇指示意求搭便车[免费搭他人车]. 4 [U] upward pressure that air exerts on an aircraft in flight （空气作用於飞行器的）上升力. Cf 参看 drag1 2. 5 [sing] feeling of elation 鼓舞; 振奋: Winning the scholarship gave her a tremendous lift. 她获得奖学金後受到极大的鼓舞. 复合： `lift-off n vertical take-off of a rocket or spacecraft （火箭或航天器的）发射, 升空, 起飞: We have lift-off. 我们已发射升空. `lift-attendant n (US elevator operator) person who operates a lift(2) 电梯或升降机操纵员.

ligament
[5ligEmEnt; 5ligEmEnt] n tough flexible tissue in a person's or an animal's body that connects bones and holds organs in position 韧带: * tear/pull a ligament 撕裂[拉伤]韧带.

ligature
[5ligEtFE(r); 5ligE7tFl] n 1 thread, bandage, etc used for tying, esp in surgical operations （用作绑缚的）线, 带; （尤指外科的）结扎线, 缚线. 2 (music 音) smooth combination of two or more notes of different pitch, or mark indicating this; slur; tie 连音; 连结线. 3 (in printing) two or more joined letters, such as or （印刷的）连字（如或）.

light
1[lait; lait] n 1 [U] (a) kind of natural radiation that makes things visible 光; 光线; 光亮: * the light of the sun, a lamp, the fire, etc 阳光、 灯光、 火光. (b) amount or quality of this 光亮的程度: * The light was beginning to fail, ie It was getting dark. 天色渐暗. * This light is too poor to read by. 这光线太暗不能看书. * the flickering light of candles 摇曳的烛光 * (fig 比喻) A soft light (ie expression) came into her eyes as she looked at him. 她望着他, 眼中闪露出柔情. Cf 参看 dark1. 2 [C] source of light, esp an electric lamp 光源; （尤指）电灯: * turn/switch the lights on/off 开[关]灯 * Far below the plane we could see the lights of London. 从飞机上俯视远处可以看到伦敦的万家灯火. * A light was still burning in his study. 他的书房里仍有孤灯独燃. * That car hasn't got its lights (ie headlights) on. 那辆汽车的前灯没有打开. * Keep going, the lights (ie traffic lights) are green. 继续开吧, 是绿灯. 3 [C] (thing used to produce a) flame or spark 火 ; 火花; 点火物: * Have you got a light? eg for acigarette. 你有火儿吗? （如为点香烟）. 4 [U] understanding; enlightenment 了解; 领悟; 启发: * I wrestled with the crossword clue for ages before light finally dawned, ie I understood the solution. 那纵横字谜的提示, 我琢磨了很长时间才恍然大悟. 5 [C] (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) (architecture 建) window or opening to admit light 采光的窗或孔: * skylight * leaded light. 6 [U, C usu sing 作不可数名词或可数名词, 後者通常作单数] (art 美术) part of a picture shown as lighted up （图画的）亮部: * light and shade 亮部和阴暗部. 7 (idm 习语) according to one's `lights (fml 文) in conformity with one's beliefs, attitudes or abilities 按照自己的信念、 态度或能力: * We can't blame him: * he did his best according to his lights. 我们不能责怪他, 他已尽力而为了. at first light => first. be/stand in sb's `light be placed between sb and a source of light 挡住某人的光线:

light1
* Can you move? You're in my light and I can't read. 借个光行吗? 你挡住亮我没法看书了. the bright lights => bright. bring sth to `light reveal sth; make sth known 揭露或暴露某事物: * New facts have been brought to light. 已揭露出新的情况. by the light of nature without special guidance or teaching 天生的; 自然而然地. cast/shed/throw light on sth make sth clearer 使某事物清楚些: * Recent research has shed new light on the causes of the disease. 最近的研究结果对该病的病因已有新的了解. come to light be revealed; become known 显露; 为人所知: * New evidence has recently come to light. 新证据最近才为人知. give sb/get the green light => green1. go out like a `light (infml 口) faint or fall asleep suddenly 突然昏厥或入睡. hide one's light under a bushel => hide1. in a good, bad, favourably, etc `light (a) (of a picture, etc) so as to be seen well, badly, etc （指画等）看得清楚, 看不清楚: * Two pictures have been hung in a bad light. 两幅画都挂在看不清的地方. (b) (fig 比喻) well, badly, favourably, etc 好; 坏; 有利地: * Press reports make his actions appear in the worst possible light. 新闻报道极力丑化他的举动. * It is hard to view his conduct in a favourable light. 他的行为实难恭维. in the light of sth (US in light of sth) in view of sth; considering sth 鉴於某事物; 考虑到某事物: * review the proposals in the light of past experience 照老经验来评论那些建议. jump the lights => jump2. light at the end of the tunnel success, happiness, etc after a long period of difficulty or hardship 历尽艰辛後的成功、 愉快、 幸福等; 苦尽甘来. lights out (in barracks, dormitories, etc) time when lights are (to be) turned out （军营、 宿舍等的）熄灯时间: * Lights out! 熄灯! * No talking after lights out. 熄灯後不许说话. see the `light (a) understand or accept sth after much difficulty or doubt （几经困难或怀疑後）明白或赞同某事物.

light2
(b) be converted to religious belief 皈依某宗教. see the light (of `day) (a) (rhet 修辞) be born 降生. (b) (of abstract things) be conceived or made public （指抽象事物）构想出或公开: * The notion of a Channel Tunnel first saw the light of day more than a century ago. 海峡隧道的构想在一百多年前就已提出. set light to sth cause sth to start burning 引火烧某物. strike a light => strike2. sweetness and light => sweetness (sweet1). 派生： light adj. Cf 参看 dark2. 1 full of light; not in darkness 光线充足的; 明亮的: a light airy room 明亮通风的房间 * In spring the evenings start to get lighter. 春天天渐渐黑得晚了. 2 pale 淡色的; 浅色的: Light colours suit you best. 你最适於穿浅色衣服. * light-green eyes 淡绿色的眼睛. `light-coloured adj: I prefer light-coloured fabrics. 我比较喜欢浅色的织物. 复合： `light bulb = bulb2. `lighthouse n tower or other structure containing a beacon light to warn or guide ships 灯塔. `light meter = exposure meter (exposure). `light pen (computing 计) (also wand) photoelectric device, shaped like a pen, that can communicate with a computer either by making marks on the screen of a visual display unit or by reading the pattern of a bar code 光笔（人机通信光电装置, 呈笔形, 可用以在屏幕上作记号或读条形码）. `lightship n moored or anchored ship with a beacon light, serving the same purpose as a lighthouse 灯塔船（系泊或碇泊的起灯塔作用的船）. `light-year n 1 (astronomy 天) distance that light travels in one year (about 6 million million miles) 光年. 2 light-years [pl] (infml fig 口, 比喻) a very long time 极长的时期: Genuine racial equality still seems light-years away. 真正的种族平等似乎仍遥遥无期.

lighten
1[5laitn; 5laitn] v [I, Tn] 1 (cause sth to) become lighter in weight （使某物）变轻: * lighten a burden, cargo, pack, etc 使负担、 货物、 包装等变轻. 2 (cause sth to) be relieved of care or worry （使某事物）令人放心, 解除忧虑: * My mood gradually lightened. 我的心情慢慢轻松起来. * lighten sb's duties 减轻某人的责任.

lighter
1[5laitE(r); 5laitl] n = cigarette lighter (cigarette): * a ci`gar lighter 打火机.

lightning
1[5laitniN; 5laitniN] n 1 [U] flash of brilliant light in the sky produced by natural electricity passing between clouds or from clouds to the ground, usu followed by thunder 闪电: * be struck by lightning 遭雷电击中 * a flash of lightning 一道闪电. 2 (idm 习语) lightning never strikes in the same place twice (saying 谚) an unusual event, or one that happens by chance, is not likely to occur again in exactly the same circumstances or to the same people 偶发的事不会在同一环境或同一人身上重演. like (greased) `lightning; like a streak of lightning; (as) quick as `lightning very fast 很快. 复合： `lightning-bug n (US) firefly 萤火虫. `lightning conductor (Brit) (US lightning rod) metal rod or wire fixed to an exposed part of a building, etc to prevent damage by lightning 避雷针.

ligneous
[5ligniEs; 5ligniEs] adj (of plants) woody （指植物）木的, 木质的.

lignite
[5lignait; 5lignait] n [U] soft brownish coal 褐煤.

like
1[laik; laik] v 1 (a) [Tn, Tg, Tsg] find (sb/sth) pleasant or satisfactory; enjoy 喜欢, 喜爱（某人[某事物]）: * Do you like fish? 你喜欢鱼吗? * She likes him (ie is fond of him) but doesn't love him. 她喜欢他, 但并非爱他. * She's never liked swimming. 她从不爱游泳. * I didn't like him/his taking all the credit. 我讨厌他把全部功劳归於自己. (b) [Tt, Tnt, Cn.a] regularly choose (to do sth); prefer (to do sth) 喜好（做某事）: * On Sundays I like to sleep late. 星期天我爱睡懒觉. * He likes his guests to be punctual. 他喜欢客人守时. * `How do you like your tea?’ `I like it rather weak.’ ‘你喝茶有什麽喜好?’‘我喜欢淡一些的.’ 2 [Tt, Tg] (in negative sentences 用於否定句) be unwilling or reluctant to do sth 不愿做某事: * I didn't like (ie felt reluctant) to disturb you. 我本不想打搅你. * He doesn't like asking for help. 他不愿意求助. 3 [Tn, Tt, Tnt] (used with should/would[5d to express a wish or preference at a particular time 与should/would[5d连用表示愿望或喜爱): * Would you like something to eat? 想吃点东西吗? * I'd like to think it over before deciding. 我还是想想再决定吧. * We would like you to come and visit us. 我们希望你到我们这里来作客. * (ironic 反语) So he thinks it's easy, does he? I'd like to see him try! ie He would find it difficult. 那麽说他认为很容易, 是吗? 我倒想让他试一试! （他就知道难了.） =>Usage at want1 用法见want1. 4 [Tn] (infml 口) (of food) not suit sb's health （指食物）对某人的健康不宜: * I like lobster but it doesn't like me. 我喜欢吃龙虾, 但吃了身体不适. 5 (idm 习语) if you `like (used as a polite form of agreement or suggestion 作表示同意或建议的礼貌用语）: * `Shall we stop now?’ `If you like.’ ‘我们现在停下来吧?’‘听你的.’ * If you like, we could go out this evening. 你要是愿意的话, 咱们今天晚上出去. I like his `nerve, `cheek, etc (ironic 反语) (used as an exclamation to complain that sb's behaviour is too impudent 作对某人行为卤莽无礼的感叹语):

like1
* `She has written to demand an apology.’ `I like her nerve!’ ‘她已写信要求给她道歉.’‘她还真做得出来!’ I like `that! (ironic 反语) (used to protest that sth that has been said is untrue or unfair 用以表示对言语不实或不当的反感): * `She called you a cheat.’ `Well, I like that!’ ‘她说你是骗子.’‘, 亏她说得出口!’ like the look/sound of sb/sth be favourably impressed by what one has seen of/heard about sb/sth 对有关某人[某事物]的所见所闻有好印象: * I like the look of your new assistant she should do very well. 我看你的新助手不错--她看样子很能干. * I don't like the sound of that cough oughtn't you to see a doctor? 我觉得你的咳嗽声有问题--是不是该找医生看看? that's what `I'd like to know (infml 口) (used to express disbelief, suspicion, etc 用以表示不相信、 怀疑等): * Where's all the money coming from? That's what I'd like to know. 这些钱都是从哪儿来的? 真叫人纳闷儿. 派生： likeable (also likable)[5laikEbl; 5laikEbl] adj easy to like; pleasant 可爱的; 讨人喜欢的: * He's likeable enough, but a bit boring. 他挺讨人喜欢, 就是有点无聊. likes n [pl] (idm 习语) ,likes and `dislikes things one does and does not like 好恶; 爱憎: He has so many likes and dislikes that it's impossible to please him. 他好恶爱憎这麽多, 要讨他欢心是不可能的. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Note these ways of using Would you like? 注意Would you like?的下列用法: 1 `Would you like to come to dinner tomorrow?’ `Yes, thank you.’ (invitation) ‘您明天来吃饭好吗?’‘好哇, 谢谢您.’（表示邀请）. 2 `Would you like to clear the table?’ `Okay.’ (request) ‘请你收拾桌子行吗?’‘行.’（表示请求）. Sometimes the speaker uses pattern 2 in order to make a complaint 有时用上述第2种方式表示不满: `Would you like to turn that music down?’ `Yes, sorry.’ ‘请把音乐声放小些行吗?’‘可以, 对不起.’

likely
[5laikli; 5laikli] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 ~ (to do sth/that...) that is expected; probable 预期的; 可能的: * the likely outcome, winner 预料的结果、 胜者 * It isn't likely to rain. 不大像要下雨. * She's very likely to ring me tonight. 她今晚很可能给我打电话. * It's very likely that she'll ring me tonight. 很可能今晚她给我打电话. 2 that seems suitable for a purpose 似适合於某用途的: * This looks a likely field for mushrooms. 这地看来适合长蘑菇. * a likely-looking candidate, ie one expected to succeed 很可能当选的候选人. 3 (idm 习语) a `likely story (ironic 反语) (used to express scorn and disbelief about what sb has said 用以表示对某人的话不屑一听和不相信): * He says he just forgot about it a likely story! 他说他仅仅是忘了--像煞有介事! 派生：likelihood[5laiklihud; 5laikli7hud] n [U] probability 可能; 可能性: * There's no likelihood of that happening. 没有发生那种事情的可能. * In all likelihood (ie Very probably) the meeting will be cancelled. 会议十之八九要取消. likely adv (idm 习语) as ,likely as `not; most/very `likely (very) probably （很）可能: As likely as not she's forgotten all about it. 很可能她把这事忘得一乾二净. not (bloody, etc) `likely! (infml 口) certainly not 决不可能; 当然不会: Me? Join the army? Not likely! 我? 参军? 没门儿!

liken
[5laikEn; 5laikEn] v [Tn.pr] ~ sth to sth (fml 文) show the resemblance between one thing and another 显示两事物的相像: * Life has often been likened to a journey. 生活常常比作旅行.

likeness
[5laiknis; 5laiknis] n 1 (a) [U] being alike; resemblance 相像; 相似: * I can't see much likeness between him and his father. 我看不出他和他父亲有多少相像处. (b) [C usu sing 通常作单数] instance of this 相像; 相似: * All my children share a strong family likeness. 我的孩子都有明显的家族特徵. 2 [sing] (following an adj 用於形容词之後) extent to which a portrait, photograph, etc resembles the person portrayed 肖像、 照片等酷似本人的程度: * That photo is a good likeness of David. 戴维那张相片照得很像.

likewise
[5laikwaiz; 5laik7waiz] adv (fml 文) 1 similarly 同样地; 照样地: * I'm going to bed and you would be well advised to do likewise. 我要睡觉了, 你最好也睡吧. 2 also 也; 亦: * The food was excellent, (and) likewise the wine. 菜好极了, 酒也是.

liking
[5laikiN; 5laikiN] n (idm 习语) have a liking for sth be fond of sth 喜爱某事物: * I've always had a liking for the sea. 我一向喜爱大海. to sb's liking (fml 文) giving sb satisfaction; pleasing sb 合某人意; 讨某人喜欢: * I trust the meal was to your liking. 我相信那饭菜对你的胃口.

lilac
[5lailEk; 5lailEk] n 1 (a) [C] shrub with sweet-smellingpale purple or white blossom 丁香: * The lilacs are in flower. 丁香开花了. (b) [U] its blossom 丁香花: * a bunch of lilac 一束丁香. 2 [U] pale purple colour 淡紫色. 派生： lilac adj of a pale purple colour 淡紫色的.

lilliputian
[7lili'pju:Fn; 7lilE'pjuFEn] adj (fml 文) on a small scale; tiny 微型的; 极小的: * a model railway layout peopled with lilliputian figures 带小人儿的模型铁路网.

lilo
[5lailEu; 5lai7lo] n (pl ~s) (Brit propr 专利名) type of lightweight inflatable mattress for lying on, eg at the beach 充气垫（如於海滨供躺卧用的）.

lilt
[lilt; lilt] n [sing] 1 rise and fall of the voice while speaking （说话时声音的）抑扬顿挫: * She has a faint Irish lilt. 她有点爱尔兰口音. 2 regular rising and falling pattern in music, usu accompanied by a lively rhythm （音乐的）轻快旋律. 派生： lilting adj having a lilt 抑扬顿挫的; 节奏欢快的.

limb
[lim; lim] n 1 leg, arm or wing 肢（腿、 臂或翼）: * I need to sit down and rest my weary limbs. 我要坐下歇歇腿. 2 main branch of a tree 树的主枝. 3 (idm 习语) life and limb => life. out on a `limb (infml 口) isolated and vulnerable; without supporters (used esp in the expressions shown) 孤立而脆弱, 没有支持者（尤用於以下示例）: * leave sb/be/go out on a limb 弃某人於[处於/陷於]孤立无援的境地. sound in wind and limb => sound1. tear sb limb from limb => tear2. 派生： -limbed/limd; limd] (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having limbs of the kind specified 有某种肢体的: * ,long-`limbed * ,weary-`limbed * ,loose-`limbed, ie supple.

limber
[5limbE(r); 5limbl] adj (dated 旧) supple; flexible 柔软的; 灵活的. 派生： limber v (phr v) ,limber `up exercise in preparationfor sport, etc; warm up (warm2) （运动等前）做准备活动, 活动肢体: I always do a few easy exercises to limber up before a match. 我在比赛前总要做些简单的准备活动.

limbo
1[5limbEu; 5limbo] n (idm 习语) in limbo in an intermediate or uncertain state; neglected 处於中间的或不定的状态; 受忽略; 被遗忘: * The project must remain in limbo until the committee makes its decision. 该工程必须搁置, 等待委员会做决定.

lime
1[laim; laim] n [U] 1 (also `quicklime) whitesubstance (calcium oxide) obtained by heating limestone,used in making cement and mortar and as a fertilizer 石灰. 2 = birdlime (bird). 派生： lime v [Tn] treat (fields, etc) with lime to improve the soil 给（田地等）施石灰（以改进土壤）. 复合： `lime-kiln n kiln in which lime is produced 石灰. `limestone n [U] type of rock, eg chalk, composed esp of the remains of prehistoric plants and animals 石灰岩.

limelight
[5laimlait; 5laim7lait] n [U] publicity or attention 众人注意的中心: * She claims she never sought the limelight. 她说她从不爱出风头. * When I was President, I was always in the limelight there was no privacy. 我当总统时一直为公众瞩目--谈不上私人的生活.

limerick
[5limErik; 5limErik] n type of humorous poem with five lines, the first two rhyming with the last 五行幽默诗.

limey
[5laimi; 5laimi] n (pl ~s) (US sl usu derog 俚, 通常作贬义) British person, usu male 英国人; （通常指）英国佬.

limit
1[5limit; 5limit] n [C] 1 point or line beyond which sth does not extend; boundary 限度; 极限; 界线; 限界: * within the city limits 在该城范围内 * (fig 比喻) He tried my patience to its limits. 他把我逼得忍无可忍了. * No fishing is allowed within a twenty-mile limit. 二十英里范围内不准垂钓. 2 greatest amount allowed or possible 允许的或可能的最大限度; 限量: * The speed limit on this road is 70 mph. 这条路的车速限制是每小时70英里. * There's a limit to how much I'm prepared to spend. 我准备花多少钱是有限度的. 3 (idm 习语) (be) the limit (sl 俚) as much or more than one can tolerate 所能忍受的或无法再忍受的极限: * You really are the (absolute) limit! 你真让人忍无可忍! ,off `limits (US) = out of bounds (bounds). the sky's the limit => sky. within `limits in moderation; up to a point 适度地; 有限度地: * I'm willing to help, within limits. 我愿适当予以帮助. without `limit to any extent or degree 无限地; 无限制地. 派生： limitless adj without limit 无限制的; 无限度的; 无界限的; 无止境的: limitless ambition, greed, wealth 无限度的野心、 贪欲、 财富.

limitation
[7limi'teiFn; 7limE'teFEn] n 1 [U] limiting; being limited 限制; 限定: * resist any limitation of their powers 反对限制他们的权力. 2 [C] condition, fact or circumstance that limits 起限制作用的条件、 事或环境; 局限; 限制: * impose limitations on imports, expenditure, reporting 对进口、 开销、 报道加以限制. 3 [C] lack of ability 能力上的不足; 无能: * He knows his limitations, ie knows what he can and cannot achieve. 他知道自己能力有限.

limousine
[5limEzi:n, 7limE'zi:n; 5limE7zin, 7limE'zin] n large luxurious car, esp with a glass partition separating driver and passengers 豪华轿车（尤指有玻璃将司机座位隔开的）.

limp
1[limp; limp] adj 1 not stiff or firm 柔软的: * a limp edition, ie a book with a flexible binding 软皮书. 2 lacking strength or energy 无力的; 无精神的: * a limp handshake, gesture, response 无力的握手、 姿势、 反应 * The flowers looked limp in the heat. 花在热天发蔫. > limply adv. limpness n [U].

limpet
[5limpit; 5limpit] n small shellfish that sticks tightly to rocks 帽贝: * cling, hold on, etc (to sb/sth) like a limpet, ie very tenaciously 紧紧依附、 缠住（某人[某事物]）不放.

limpid
[5limpid; 5limpid] adj (of liquids, etc) clear; transparent （指液体等）清彻的, 透明的: * limpid eyes 晶莹的眼睛. > limpidity/lim'pidEti; lim'pidEti] n [U]. limpidly adv.

linchpin
[5lintFpin; 5lintF7pin] n 1 pin passed through the end of an axle to keep the wheel in position 轮辖; 制轮楔. 2 (fig 比喻) person or thing that is vital to an organization, plan, etc （组织、 计画等中）关键性的人或事物: * Controlling wages is the linchpin of the Government'spolicies. 控制工资是政府政策的关键.

linctus
[5liNktEs; 5liNktEs] n [U] (Brit) syrupy medicine to soothe coughs 止咳糖浆.

linden
[5lindEn; 5lindEn] n = lime2.

line
1[lain; lain] n 1 [C] (a) long narrow mark, either straight or curved, traced on a surface 线; 线条: * a straight line 直线 * Sign your name on the dotted line. 请在虚线上签名. * Don't park on the double yellow lines, ie those painted at the side of a road in Britain. 不要把车停在双黄线处（在英国, 标於路边的）. * Draw a line from A to B. 从A到B画一条线. (b) mark like a line on the skin 皮肤上的纹: * The old man's face was covered in lines and wrinkles. 那老人的脸上布满皱纹和褶子. 2 [U] use of lines in art 艺术中线条的运用: * Line and colour are both important in portrait painting. 线条和色彩在肖像绘画中都很重要. 3 lines [pl] overall shape; outline 轮廓; 外形: * the graceful lines of the ship 船的优美轮廓. 4 (a) [C] (usu 通常作 the line) (in sport) mark on the ground to show the limits of a pitch, court, race-track, etc （运动的）场地线, 终点线: * first across the line, ie in a race 第一个通过终点线 * If the ball crosses the line it is out. 球越线即为出界. (b) [C] boundary 界线; 边界: * cross the line (ie border) from Mexico into the US 从墨西哥越过边界进入美国. (c) the Line [sing] the equator 赤道. 5 [C] series of connected defence posts, trenches, etc （碉堡、 战壕等连成的）防线: * the front line, ie that nearest to the enemy 前线 * a safe position well behind the lines 远离前线的一处安全阵地. 6 [C] row of people or things （人或事物的）行, 排, 列: * a line of customers queuing 顾客排的队 * lines of trees in an orchard 果园里成行的树 * a long line of low hills 一长列小山. 7 [C usu sing 通常作单数] series of people following one another in time, esp generations of the same family 按时间顺序排列的人; （尤指）家族的世代, 家系: * a line of kings 历代帝王 * the Stuart line 斯图亚特 家族 * in the male/female line 父系[母系]

line1
* descended from King David in a direct line 大卫王的嫡系. 8 (a) [C] row of words on a page of writing or in print 字行: * page 5, line 13 第5页第13行 * The last two lines (ie of verse) rhyme. 诗的最後两行押韵. (b) [C] (infml 口) letter 信; 便条: * Just a short line to say thanks. 只言片语聊表谢忱. (c) lines [pl] words spoken by a particular actor 台词: * Have you learnt your lines yet? 你的台词背熟了吗? (d) lines [pl] (in schools) punishment in which a pupil is required to write out a specified number of lines （学校中）罚学生抄书: * The maths teacher was furious and gave me 50 lines. 数学老师气坏了, 罚我抄书50行. 9 [C] (a) piece or length of thread, rope, etc used for a particular purpose 线; 索; 绳: * a `fishing-line 钓鱼线 * Hang (out) the clothes on the line. 把衣服晾到绳子上去. (b) (esp nautical 尤用於航海) rope 绳索; 缆索. 10 [C] (equipment providing a) telephone connection 电话线（路）: * Our firm has twenty lines. 我们公司有二十条电话线路. * I'm sorry, the line is engaged. 对不起, 占线. * a bad (eg noisy) line 不良的通话线路（如杂音多）. 11 [C] (a) single track of a railway （铁路的）铁轨, 轨道, 轨线, 线路: * The train was delayed because of ice on the line. 火车因铁轨结冰而误点. (b) one section of a railway system （铁路的）段, 线: * a `branch line 支线 * the main `line 干线 * the second stop from Oxford on the Worcester line 在伍斯特线上自牛津开出之第二站. 12 [sing] course of action, behaviour or thought （行动、 行为或思想的）方向, 路线, 方针: * Don't take that line with me. 不要对我采取那种方式. * I absolutely reject the management's line on this. 我断然否绝经理部门处理此事的方法. * She always takes a Marxist line. 她一贯奉行马克思主义路线. 13 [sing] ~ (of sth) direction or course 方向或路线:

line2
* the line of `march (of an army, etc) （军队等的）行军路线 * the line of `fire, ie direction in which guns, etc are fired 射向. 14 [C] system of ships, buses, aircraft, etc regularly moving passengers or goods between certain places （轮船、 公共汽车、 飞机等的）运输公司: * a `shipping line 航运公司 * an `air line 航空公司. 15 the lines [pl] (esp in the army) row of tents, huts, etc （尤指军队中的）营地. 16 the line [sing] (a) (Brit) (in the army) regular infantry regiments (excluding the Guards) （军队中的）战列步兵（不包括禁卫军）. (b) (US) (in the army) regular regiments of all kinds （军队中的）战斗部队（包括各兵种）. 17 [sing] (in the army) double row of soldiers standing side by side （军队中的）二列横队: * attack in extended line 以展开的二列横队队形进攻. 18 [sing] (a) department of activity; type of business 活动的范围; 行业: * He's something in the `banking line. 他在银行工作. * Her line is more selling than production. 她搞销售而不搞生产. * That's not (much in) my line, ie not one of my skills or interests. 那我可不（大）在行. (b) type of product （产品的）类型, 种别: * This shop has a nice line in winter coats. 这家商店的冬装大衣很好. 19 (idm 习语) all along the `line (infml 口) in every way; at every point 全部地; 到处; 全面地: * I've trusted you all along the line and now you've let me down. 我一直信任你, 可是现在你却让我失望. along/on the same, etc `lines in the way specified 以某种方式: * Could you write another programme on the same lines? 你能否以同样的方式再编写一个程序? * The novel develops along traditional lines. 这小说的情节按传统方式展开. be in the firing line => fire2. bring sth, come, fall, get, move, etc into `line (with sb/sth) (cause sth to) conform （使某事物）按规范, 一致, 符合: * He'll have to fall into line with the others. 他早晚得和别人一致起来. draw the line at sth/doing sth => drawline3 /// * I can't get through the lines must be crossed. 我打不通电话--线路一定出故障了. (b) (infml 口) fail to communicate with or understand sb else correctly 未与某人联系好; 误解某人. give sb/get/have a line on sth (infml 口) give sb/get/have information about sth 把某事的消息告诉某人; 获取某事的消息. hard lines => hard1. hold the `line keep a telephone connection open 不挂断电话: * Hold the line while I see if she's here. 请别挂断电话, 我去看她在不在. hook, line and sinker => hook1. in (a) line (with sth) so as to form a straight line with sth; level with sth else 与某物成一直线; 与某事物取平: * Place your right toe in line with your left heel. 把右脚趾与左脚跟排在一直线上. (stand) in/on line (US) in a queue 站队; 排队. in line for sth likely to get sth 有可能获得某事物: * She's in line for promotion. 她有可能获得晋升. in the ,line of `duty while doing one's duty在执行任务时. in line with sth similar to sth; in accordance with sth 与某事物类似或一致: * in line with the others/with the latest research 与其他的一致[根据最新的研究成果]. ,lay it on the `line (infml 口) talk frankly and openly 实话实说: * Let me lay it on the line I think you're cheating. 坦率地说, 我认为你在搞鬼. (choose, follow, take, etc) the line of least re`sistance the easiest way of doing sth 最省事的办法. (put sth) on the `line (infml 口) at risk 冒风险: * If this goes wrong your job's on the line. 这件事要是有个一差二错, 你就有丢饭碗的危险. out of `line (with sb/sth) (a) not forming a straight line 不成一直线: * One of thesoldiers is out of line. 有一名士兵没站齐. (b) unacceptably different 出格; 越轨: * Our prices are out of line with those of our competitors. 我们的价格和竞争者的相差悬殊. read between the lines => read. shoot a line=> shoot1. sign on the dotted line => sign2. somewhere, etc along the `line at a certain stage during a process 过程中的某阶段:

line4
* He started off enthusiastically but at some point along the line boredom set in. 开始时他很热情, 但干着干着就产生了厌倦情绪. step out of line => step1. take a firm, etc line (on/over sth) deal with a problem or an issue in a firm, etc way 采取坚定...路线处理某事. take a hard line => hard1. toe the line => toe v. 复合： `line-drawing n drawing done with a pen, pencil, etc 线条画（用钢笔、 铅笔等）. `line printer (computing 计) high-speed printer producing a complete line of text at a time 行式打印机.

lineage
[5liniidV; 5liniidV] n [U] (fml 文) line of descent from an ancestor; ancestry 宗系; 世系; 血统: * trace one's lineage back many centuries 回溯许多世纪以探求自己的宗谱 * be of humble lineage 出身寒微.

lineal
[5liniEl; 5liniEl] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] 1 (fml 文) in the direct line of descent 直系的; 嫡系的: * a lineal heir to the title 该头衔的直系承袭人. 2 = linear. > lineally[-iEli; -iEli] adv: * lineally descended from sb 为某人嫡系的.

lineaments
[5liniEmEnts; 5liniEmEnts] n [pl] (fml 文) features of the face, etc （面部等的）特徵, 轮廓: * (fig 比喻) the lineaments (ie main factors) of the situation 情况的关键因素.

linear
[5liniE(r); 5linil] adj 1 of or in lines 线的; 线状的: * a linear design 线条图案. 2 of length 长度的: * linear measure, eg metres, feet, inches 长度（如米、 英尺、 英寸）. =>App 5 见附录5. > linearity[7lini'rEti; 7lini'ArEti] n [U].

lineman
(esp US) = linesman.

linen
[5linin; 5linin] n [U] 1 cloth made of flax 亚麻布: * [attrib 作定语] linen handkerchiefs 亚麻手绢. 2 household articles (eg sheets, table-cloths, clothing) formerly made of this 日用织品（如床单、 桌布、 衣物等, 旧时多用亚麻制造）: * [attrib 作定语] a linen cupboard 日用织品柜. 3 (idm 习语) wash one's dirty linen in public => wash2.

liner
1[5lainE(r); 5lainl] n 1 large passenger or cargo ship travelling on a regular route 班轮; 邮轮: * a transatlantic cruise liner 横渡大西洋的邮轮. 2 = freightliner (freight). 3 = eye-liner (eye1).

linesman
[5lainzmEn; 5lainzmEn] (also esp US lineman[5lainmEn; 5lainmEn] ) n (pl -men[-mEn;-mEn] ) 1 official helping the referee in certain games, esp in deciding whether or where a ball crosses one of the lines 边线裁判员; 巡边员; 司线员. 2 person whose job is to repair and maintain electrical or telephone lines 线务员, 架线工（维修供电或电话线路者）.

ling
1[liN; liN] n [U] type of heather 石楠.

linger
[5liNgE(r); 5liNgl] v [I, Ipr, Ip] 1 stay for a long time; be unwilling to leave 逗留; 徘徊: * She lingered after the concert, hoping to meet the star. 音乐会後她徘徊不去, 希望能一见明星. * linger about/around/on 在附近[在周围/不断]徘徊. 2 be slow; dawdle 动作迟缓; 磨蹭; 拖沓: * There's no time to linger it'll soon be dark. 没时间拖延了--天快黑了. * linger (long) over one's meal 慢腾腾吃饭. 3 remain in existence althoughbecoming weaker 苟延残喘; 奄奄一息: * Though desperately ill he could linger on (ie not die) for months. 他虽病入膏肓, 却尚能苟延数月. * The custom still lingers (on) in some villages. 此风俗在有些村里至今犹存. * The smell of her perfume lingered in the empty house. 空屋里仍然飘溢着她的香水味. 派生： lingerer n person who lingers 逗留者; 徘徊者. lingering adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] (a) long; protracted 逗留的; 拖延的: a lingering illness 缠绵的疾病 * a last lingering look 依依不舍的最後一瞥. (b) remaining 继续存在的: a few lingering doubts 萦绕脑际的几点疑问 * a lingering sense of guilt 耿耿於怀的愧疚感. lingeringly adv.

lingerie
[5lAnVEri:; - 7la:ndVE'rei; 7landVE're] n [U] (in shops, etc) women's underwear （商店等用语）女内衣.

lingo
[5liNgEu; 5liNgo] n (pl ~es) (infml joc or derog 口, 谑或贬) 1 foreign language 外国语言: * If you live abroad it helps to know the local lingo. 住在国外, 学一点当地的语言自有好处. 2 special words or expressions used by a particular group; jargon 行话; 术语: * Don't use all that technical lingo try and explain in plain English. 别尽用那种专门术语--用普通的词语解释吧.

lingua franca
[7liNgwE 'frANkE; 5liNgwE'frANkE] languageused for communicating between the people of an area in which several languages are spoken 混合语, 交际语（在使用几种语言的地区的人们进行交际的混合语言）: * Swahili is the principal lingua franca in East Africa. 东非的主要交际语是斯瓦希里语.

linguist
[5liNgwist; 5liNgwist] n 1 person who knows several foreign languages well 通晓数国语言的人: * She's an excellent linguist. 她精通数国语言. * I'm afraid I'm no linguist, ie I am poor at foreign languages. 我不懂外国语. 2 person who studies language(s) scientifically 语言学家.

linguistic
[liN'gwistik; liN'gwistik] adj of language or linguistics 语言的; 语言学的. 派生： linguistics n [sing v] scientific study of language or of particular languages 语言学. Cf 参看 philology.

liniment
[5linimEnt; 5linEmEnt] n [C, U] liquid, esp one made with oil, for rubbing on the body to relieve aches or bruises 搽剂（尤指油质去痛剂）.

lining
[5lainiN; 5lainiN] n 1 (a) [C] layer of material used to cover the inside surface of sth 衬里; 里子: * a coat with a fur lining 毛皮里大衣. (b) [U] material used for this 衬料; 内衬. 2 [U] tissue covering the inner surface of an organ of the body （器官内壁的）组织, 膜: * the stomach lining 胃黏膜. 3 (idm 习语) every cloud has a silver lining => cloud1.

link
[liNk; liNk] n 1 one ring or loop of a chain （链的）环, 圈. 2 person or thing that connects two others 联系两者的人或事物; 关系; 联系: * Police suspect there may be a link between the two murders. 警方怀疑这两起谋杀案可能有关联. * commercial, cultural, diplomatic, etc links (between two countries) （两国间的）商业、 文化、 外交等的往来. 3 (formerly) measure of length, one hundredth of a chain, equal to 7.92 inches or about 20 centimetres （旧时）令（长度单位, 一链的百分之一, 合7.92英寸或约20厘米）. 4 (idm 习语) the missing link => miss3. 派生： link v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ A with B/~ A and B (together); ~ sth (up) make or suggest a connection between people or things 将人或物连接或联系起来: The crowd linked arms to form a barrier. 群众臂挽着臂组成人墙. * Television stations around the world are linked by satellite. 全世界的电视台通过卫星联系一起. * The newspapers have linked his name with hers, ie implied that they are having an affair. 报纸报道把他和她的名字联系在一起（暗指他们有染）. * a new road to link (up) the two motorways 连接两条高速公路的新路. 2 (phr v) link up (with sb/sth) form a connection 连接; 结合: The two spacecraft will link up (with each other) in orbit. 两艘宇宙飞船将於轨道上（互相）连接. 复合： `linkman[-mn; -mEn] n (pl -men[-men; -mEn] ) person providing connecting links between parts of a radio or television programme or between programmes （广播或电视节目间作衔接工作的）节目主持人. `link-up n connection or joining 联系; 连接: the first link-up of two satellites in space 首次两卫星在太空中连接.

linkage
[5liNkidV; 5liNkidV] n 1 [U, C] action or manner of linking or being linked 连接; 结合; 联系. 2 [C] device, etc that links 联动装置.

linnet
[5linit; 5linit] n small brown songbird, common in Europe 赤胸朱顶雀（棕色小鸣禽, 常见於欧洲）.

lino
[5lainEu; 5laino] n [U] (infml 口) = linoleum. 复合： `linocut n (a) design cut into the surface of a piece of thick linoleum as a form of art 麻胶版画. (b) print made from this 麻胶版画印刷品.

linoleum
[li'nEuliEm; li'noliEm] (also infml 口语亦作 lino) n [U] type of tough floor-covering made of canvas coated with powdered cork and linseed oil, etc 油地毡.

linseed
[5linsi:d; 5lin7sid] n [U] seed of flax 亚麻籽. 复合： ,linseed `oil oil pressed from this, used in paint, varnish, etc 亚麻籽油.

lint
[lint; lint] n [U] 1 soft material used for dressing wounds （裹伤用的）纱布: * [attrib 作定语] a lint bandage 带. 2 fluff 绒毛.

lintel
[5lintl; 5lintl] n horizontal piece of wood or stone over a door or window, forming part of the frame （门或窗的）过梁, 楣. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page vi.

lion
[5laiEn; 5laiEn] n 1 large powerful flesh-eating animal of the cat family, found in Africa and parts of southern Asia 狮. =>illus at cat 见cat插图. 2 (becoming dated 渐旧) brave or famous person 勇猛或有名气的人: * a literary lion, ie a celebrated author 文学泰斗. 3 (idm 习语) beard the lion in his den => beard2. the `lion's share (of sth) the largest or best part of sth when it is divided 最大或最好的一份: * As usual, the lion's share of the budget is for defence. 预算中的最大一项照例是国防费用. 派生： lioness[-es; -is] n female lion 母狮. lionize, -ise[-aiz; -7aiz] v [Tn] treat (sb) as a celebrity 将（某人）当作名人对待: * Marilyn wanted to be loved, not lionized. 玛里琳要的是爱而不是崇拜. 复合： ,lion-`hearted adj very brave 勇猛的.

lip
[lip; lip] n 1 [C] either of the fleshy edges of the opening of the mouth 一片嘴唇: * the lower/upper lip 下[上]嘴唇 * kiss sb on the lips 吻某人的嘴唇 * She had a cigarette between her lips. 她叼着一枝香烟. * He put the bottle to his lips and drank deeply. 他拿着瓶子对嘴儿大口喝. =>illus at head 见head插图. => Usage at body 用法见body. 2 [C] edge of a hollow container or opening （容器或洞的）边, 口: * the lip of a cup, saucer, crater 杯口、 碟边、 火山口. 3 [U] (sl 俚) impudence 唐突; 放肆: * Less of your lip! ie Don't be so cheeky! 别那麽放肆! 4 (idm 习语) bite one's lip => bite1. button one's lip => button. curl one's lip => curl2. hang on sb's lips => hang1. lick/smack one's lips/chops => lick. one's lips are sealed one will not or must not discuss or reveal sth 闭口不谈; 绝口不道: * I'd like to tell you what I know but my lips are sealed. 我何尝不想把我知道的都告诉你, 只是有口难言. a stiff upper lip => stiff. there's many a slip 'twixt cup and lip => slip1. 派生： -lipped (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having lips of the specified kind 有某种唇的: thin-lipped * tight-lipped. 复合： `lip-read v (pt, pp `lip-read[-red; -red] ) [I, Tn] understand (what sb is saying) by watching his lip movements, not by hearing (eg because one is deaf) 唇读, 观唇辨意（如因耳聋）. `lip-reading n [U]. `lipsalve n [C, U] ointment for sore lips 护唇油膏. `lip-service n (idm 习语) give/pay lip-service to sth say that one approves of or supports sth while not doing so in practice 口惠而实不至: He pays lip-service to feminism but his wife still does all the housework. 他口口声声支持女权主义, 但全部家务仍然是妻子的事. `lipstick n [C, U] (stick of) cosmetic for colouring the lips 口红; 唇膏.

liquefy
[5likwifai; 5likwE7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become liquid （使某物）液化: * liquefied wax 液化的蜡. > liquefaction[7likwi'fkFn; 7likwi'fAkFEn] n [U]: * the liquefaction of gases 气体的液化.

liquescent
[li'kwesnt; li'kwesnt] adj (of a gas or solid) becoming or apt to become liquid; melting （指气体或固体）液化的, 易液化的, 熔化的.

liqueur
[li'kjuE(r); - -'kE:r; li'kE] n strong (usu sweet) alcoholic spirit, drunk in small quantities esp after a meal （通常指甜的）烈性酒（尤作餐後少量饮用的）: * [attrib 作定语] liqueur `brandy, ie one of special quality for drinking as a liqueur 白兰地甜酒 * a li`queur glass, ie a small one for liqueurs 小酒杯.

liquid
[5likwid; 5likwid] n 1 [C, U] substance that flows freely but is not a gas, eg water or oil 液体: * Air is a fluid but not a liquid, while water is both a fluid and a liquid. 空气是流体不是液体, 水是流体也是液体. * If you add too much liquid the mixture will not be thick enough. 加入的液体太多, 混合液的浓度就不够. 2 [C] (phonetics 语音) either of the consonants / r/ or / l/ 流音（即/r/或/l/）. 派生： liquid adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] 1 in the form of a liquid; not gaseous or solid 液体的; 液态的; 流质的: liquid food/nourishment, ie easily swallowed, eg by sick people 流质食物[营养品] * (joc 谑) a liquid lunch, ie beer, etc rather than food 液体午餐（啤酒等）. 2 clear and clean, like water 清澈的; 晶莹的: eyes of liquid blue 蓝莹莹的眼睛. 3 (of sounds) clear, pure and flowing （指声音）清脆的, 纯正的, 流畅的: the liquid song of a blackbird 黑鹂清脆的叫声. 4 (finance 财) easily converted into cash 易转换成现款的: one's liquid assets 流动资产. 复合： ,liquid `gas gas reduced to liquid form by intense cold 液化的气体.

liquidate
[5likwideit; 5likwi7det] v [Tn] 1 pay or settle (a debt) 清偿或结算（债务）. 2 close down (a business) and divide up the proceeds to pay its debts 清算（公司）（清理资产以偿还债务）. 3 get rid of (sb), esp by killing清除（某人）（尤指杀掉）: * liquidated his political opponents肃清政敌. 派生： liquidation[7likwi'deiFn; 7likwi'deFEn] n [U] 1 liquidating or being liquidated 清偿; 结算; 清算; 清除. 2 (idm 习语) ,go into liqui`dation (of a business) be closed down, esp because of bankruptcy （指公司）关闭; （尤指）倒闭, 破产. liquidator n person responsible for liquidating a business 公司债务清算人.

liquidity
[li'kwidEti; li'kwidEti] n [U] 1 (finance 财) state of having assets that can easily be changed into cash 资产折现力; 资产流动性: * The company has good liquidity. 该公司的资产流动性好. 2 state of being liquid 流动性.

liquidize, liquidise
[5likwidaiz; 5likwE7daiz] v [Tn] (a) cause (sth) to become liquid 使（某物）变为液体. (b) crush (vegetables, fruit, etc) into a thick liquid 将（蔬菜、 水果等）榨成汁. 派生： liquidizer, -iser (also esp US blender) n (usu electric) device for liquidizing food （通常指电动的）果汁机.

liquor
[5likE(r); 5likl] n [U] 1 (a) (Brit) any alcoholic drink 酒: * under the influence of liquor, ie drunk 已醉. (b) (esp US) any distilled alcoholic drink; spirits （蒸馏法制的）酒; 烈性酒: * hard liquor 烈性酒 * She drinks wine and beer but no liquor. 她喝葡萄酒和啤酒, 但不喝烈性酒. 2 liquid produced by cooking food 烹调食物而出的汁.

liquorice
(US licorice)[5likEris; 5likEris] n 1 [U] (a) black substance used in medicine and as a sweet （用於制药或糖果的）甘草. (b) sweet made with this 甘草糖. 2 [U] plant from whose root this is obtained 欧甘草.

lira
[5liErE; 5lirE] n (pl lire[5liErE; 5lire] or liras) (abbr 缩写 L) unit of money in Italy and Turkey 里拉（意大利和土耳其的货币单位）.

lisle
[lail; lail] n [U] fine smooth cotton thread, used esp for stockings and gloves 莱尔棉线（尤用以织长袜和手套）.

lisp
[lisp; lisp] n speech defect in which / s/ is pronounced as / W/ and / z/ as / T/ 咬舌（言语缺陷, 发/s/、 /z/音时发成/W/、 /T/）: * speak with a lisp 用咬舌音说话 * have a bad, pronounced, slight, etc lisp 有很重的、 明显的、 轻微的...咬舌音. 派生： lisp v [I, Tn] speak or say (sth) with a lisp 用咬舌音说（话）. lispingly adv.

lissom
(also lissome)[5lisEm; 5lisEm] adj quick and graceful in movement; lithe （动作）轻快而优雅的; 柔软的. > lissomness n [U].

list
1[list; list] n 1 series of names, items, figures, etc written or printed 一览表; 清单: * a shopping list 购物单 * make a list of things one must do 把要做的事列出清单 * put sb/sth on the list 将某人[某事物]列在单子上 * take sb/sth off the list 将某人[某事物]从单子上除掉. 2 (idm 习语) on the danger list => danger. 派生： list v [Tn] (a) make a list of (things) 将（事物）列於表上; 造表; 列单子: list one's engagements for the week 把一周要做的事列成表. (b) put (things) on a list 编（事物）的目录: The books are listed alphabetically. 这些书是按字母顺序编入目录的. 复合： ,listed `building (Brit) building officially registered as being of architectural or historical importance (and therefore protected from demolition, etc) 注册的文物保护建 物. `list price (commerce 商) published or advertised price of goods （价目单上的）定价: selling sth for less than the list price 以低於定价的价格出售某物.

listen
[5lisn; 5lisn] v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (to sb/sth) try to hear sb/sth; pay attention 听; 倾听: * We listened carefully but heard nothing. 我们仔细地听, 但什麽也没听见. * You're not listening to what I'm saying! 你没注意听我说 话! 2 [Ipr] ~ to sb/sth allow oneself to be persuaded by (a suggestion, request, etc) 听从; 听信: * I never listen to (ie believe) what salesmen tell me. 我从不听信推销员的话. 3 (idm 习语) listen to/hear reason => reason. 4 (phr v) listen (out) for sth wait alertly in order to hear (a sound) 留神等着听（某声音）: * Please listen out for the phone while I'm in the bath. 我洗澡时请你留心听着有没有电话来. listen `in (to sth) (a) listen to a radio broadcast 收听电台广播: * listening in to the BBC World Service 收听英国广播公司国际新闻节目. (b) overhear (a conversation, etc) 偷听（谈话等）: * She loves listening in to other people's gossip. 她爱偷听别人闲谈. * The criminals did not know the police were listening in, eg by tapping their telephone. 罪犯不知道他们一直受着警方的监听（如窃听其电话）. 派生： listen n (usu sing 通常作单数) (infml 口) act of listening 听: Have a listen and see if you can hear anything I can't. 你听有声音吗--我听不见. listener n (a) person who listens 听者: a good listener, ie one who can be relied on to listen attentively or sympathetically 认真听的人. (b) person listening to a radio programme 收听电台广播的人: Good evening to all our listeners! 各位听众, 晚上好!

listless
[5listlis; 5listlis] adj having no energy, vitality or enthusiasm 倦怠的; 无精打采的; 冷淡的: * She was very listless after her illness. 她病後懒洋洋的. > listlessly adv. listlessness n [U].

lit
pt, pp of light2, 4.

litany
[5litEni; 5litni] n 1 (a) [C] series of prayers to God for use in church services, spoken by a priest with set responses by the congregation 连祷; 启应式祈祷. (b) the Litany [sing] that in the Book of Common Prayer of the Church of England （英国国教公祷书中的）连祷文. 2 [C] (fig 比喻) ~ (of sth) long boring recital 枯燥冗长的述说: * a litany of complaints 唠唠叨叨的抱怨.

litchi
= lychee.

liter
(US) = litre.

literacy
[5litErEsi; 5litErEsi] n [U] ability to read and write 读写能力.

literal
[5litErEl; 5litErEl] adj 1 [esp attrib 尤作定语] (a) corresponding exactly to the original 完全按照原文的: * a literal transcript of a speech 讲话的全文抄本 * a literal (ie word-for-word) translation 直译（逐字翻译）. Cf 参看 free1 11. (b) concerned with the basic or usual meaning of a word or phrase 照字面本义的: * His story is incredible in the literal sense of the word, ie It is impossible to believe him, so he must be lying. 他说的情况令人难以置信, 是真的难以相信（他说的一定是谎话）. Cf 参看 figurative, metaphorical (metaphor). 2 (esp derog 尤作贬义) unimaginative; prosaic 无想像力的; 刻板的; 平淡无奇的: * His interpretation of the music was rather too literal. 那音乐他演奏得未免太乏味了. * Don't be so literal-minded you know what I meant! 别那麽死心眼嘛--你知道我是什麽意思! 派生： literal n (also literal error) misprint 印刷错误. literally[5litErEli; 5litErEli] adv 1 in a literal manner; exactly 照原文; 精确地: * Idioms usually cannot be translated literally in another language. 成语通常不能照字面译成另一种语言. * When he said he never wanted to see you again I'm sure he didn't mean it literally. 他说他再也不想见你了, 我肯定他言不由衷. 2 (infml 口) (used loosely, to intensify meaning 用以加强语气): * I was literally bored to death! 我真的腻烦死了! literalness n.

literary
[5litErEri; - 'litEreri; 5litE7reri] adj of or concerned with literature 文学的; 文学上的: * literary criticism 文学批评 * a literary agent, ie one acting on behalf of writers 作者代理人 * His style is a bit too literary (ie formal or rhetorical) for my taste. 依我看他的文笔书卷气重了一点.

literate
[5litErEt; 5litErEt] adj 1 able to read and write 有读写能力的: * Though nearly twenty he was barely literate. 他都快二十了, 还是睁眼瞎子. Cf 参看 numerate. 2 cultured; well-read 有文化的; 博学的: * Every literate person should read this book. 凡有文化的人都该一读此书.

literati
[7litE'ra:ti; 7litE'rati] n [pl] (fml 文) educated and intelligent people who have learned much from literature and books 文人; 知识界.

literature
[5litrEtFE(r); - -tFuEr; 5litErE7tFur] n [U] 1 (a) writings that are valued as works of art, esp fiction, drama and poetry (as contrasted with technical books and journalism) 文学; 文学作品. (b) activity of writing or studying these 文学着述或研究: * a degree in American literature 美国文学学位. (c) writings of this kind from a particular country or period （某国或某时期的）文学作品: * French literature 法国文学 * 18th century (English) literature 18世纪（英国）文学. 2 writings on a particular subject 某学科的着述或文献: * I've read all the available literature on poultry-farming. 我把现有的家禽饲养方面的资料全都读过了. * There is now an extensive literature on the use of computers in the home. 现在有许多关於家庭计算机的使用资料. 3 (infml 口) pamphlets or leaflets 小册子; 传单: * Please send me any literature you have on camping holidays in Spain. 请惠寄贵处有关在西班牙野营度假的宣传材料.

lithe
[laiT; laiT] adj (of a person, the body, etc) bending or turning easily; supple （指人、 身体等）柔软的, 易弯曲的: * the lithe grace of a gymnast 体操运动员轻盈而优美的体态.

lithium
[5liWiEm; 5liWiEm] n [U] chemical element, a soft silver-white metal similar to sodium and used in alloys and certain fuels 锂. =>App 10 见附录10.

litho
[5laiWEu; 5laiWo] n [U] (infml 口) lithography 平版印刷术.

lithograph
[5liWEgra:f; - -grAf; li'WEgrAf] n picture, etc printed by lithography 平版印刷画等. 派生： lithograph v [Tn] print (sth) by lithography 用平版印刷术印刷（某物）.

lithography
[li'WCgrEfi; 5liWa7grEfi] (also infml 口语亦作 litho[5laiWEu; laiWo] ) n [U] process of printing from a smooth surface (eg a metal plate) treated so that ink adheres only to the design to be printed 平版印刷术: * a book printed by offset litho 用平版胶印法印刷的书. > lithographic[7liWE'grAfik; 7liWE'grAfik] adj.

litigant
[5litigEnt; 5litEgEnt] n (law 律) person involved in a lawsuit 诉讼当事人.

litigate
[5litigeit; 5litE7get] v (law 律) (a) [I] engage in a lawsuit; go to law 诉讼; 诉诸法律. (b) [Tn] contest (a claim, etc) in a lawsuit 在法庭上争辩（某事）. 派生： litigation[7liti'geiFn; 7litE'geFEn] n (law 律) (a) [U] process of going to law 打官司. (b) [C] lawsuit 诉讼. litigious/li'tidVEs; li'tidVEs] adj (esp law 尤用於法律) 1 of lawsuits 诉讼的; 关於诉讼的. 2 that can result in a lawsuit 可诉讼的. 3 (often derog 常作贬义) fond of going to law; disputatious 好诉讼的; 好打官司的.

litmus
[5litmEs; 5litmEs] n [U] blue colouring-matter that is turned red by acid and can be turned blue again by alkali 石蕊（蓝色物质, 遇酸变红, 再遇硷则还原变蓝）. 复合： `litmus paper paper stained with litmus, used to test if a solution is acid or alkaline 石蕊试纸.

litotes
[5laitEuti:z; 5laito7tiz] n [U] ironical understatement,esp using a negative to emphasize the contrary 曲言（尤指用否定的词语, 强调其反义的修辞法, 如It wasn't easy ‘此事不易’意为It was very difficult‘此事很难’）.

litre
(US liter)[5li:tE(r); 5litl] n (abbr 缩写 l) unit of capacity in the metric system, equal to about 1 pints, used for measuring liquids 升（液量单位, 约为1品脱）. =>App 5 见附录5.

litter
[5litE(r); 5litl] n 1 (a) [U] light rubbish (eg bits of paper, wrappings, bottles) left lying about, esp in a public place 乱扔的杂物（如纸屑、 包装纸、 瓶子）; （尤指在公共场所乱扔的）垃圾: * Please do not leave litter. 请勿乱扔垃圾. (b) [sing] state of untidiness 杂乱; 凌乱: * Her desk was covered in a litter of books and papers. 她的书桌上都是乱七八糟的书和纸. * His room was a litter of old clothes, dirty crockery and broken furniture. 他的屋子里到处都是旧衣物、 脏陶器和破家具. 2 [U] straw, etc used as bedding for animals 动物铺窝的草等. 3 [CGp] all the young born to an animal at one time （一胎所生的）小动物, 一窝: * a litter of puppies 一窝小狗. 4 [C] (a) type of stretcher(1) 担架. (b) (formerly) couch carried on men's shoulders or by animals as a means of transport （旧时）轿, 舆. 派生： litter v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) (with sth) make (a place) untidy with scattered rubbish 乱扔垃圾使（某处）凌乱: Newspapers littered the floor. 报纸扔了一地. * He's always littering up the room with his old magazines. 他老是乱扔旧杂志, 弄得房间凌乱不堪. 2 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (down) supply straw, etc as bedding for (an animal) 给（动物）的窝铺草等. 3 [I] (of animals) bring forth young （指动物）下崽, 产仔: The sow's about to litter. 这母猪要下崽儿了. 复合： `litter-bin, `litter-basket ns container for rubbish 废物箱. `litter-lout (Brit) (also esp US `litter-bug) n (infml derog 口, 贬) person who leaves litter untidily in public places （在公共场所）乱扔废物的人.

little
1[5litl; 5litl] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (Thecomparative and superlative forms, littler[5litlE(r); 5litll] and littlest[5litlist; 5litlist] are rare. It is more common to use smaller, smallest. 此词的比较级和最高级罕用littler和littlest而常用smaller和smallest. ) 1 not big; small 小的: * six little puppies 六只小狗 * a little coffee-table 小咖啡桌 * a little movement of impatience 不耐烦的小动作 * a little group of tourists 一小批游客 * There's a little mark on your sleeve. 你的袖子上有一小块污迹. * a house with a little garden 带小花园的房子 * little holes to let air in 通气的小孔. 2 (of distance or time) short （指距离或时间）短的: * It's only a little way now. 现在没多远了. * You may have to wait a little while. 你可能得等上一小会儿. * Shall we go for a little walk? 散会儿步好吗? 3 (used usu after nice, pretty, sweet, nasty, etc to express the speaker's feeling of affection, pleasure, annoyance, etc 通常用於nice、 pretty、 sweet、 nasty等之後表示亲切、 快乐、 嫌恶等): * a nice little room 玲珑的房间 * a sweet little child 长得很甜的孩子 * a funny little restaurant 古里古怪的餐厅 * What a nasty little man! 多麽讨人厌的家伙! * A (dear) little old lady helped me find my way. 有位（可亲）可敬的老太太帮我找到路了. * There's a little shop on the corner that sells bread. 街角上有那麽个卖面包的 子. 4 not important; insignificant 不重要的; 不足道的: * a little mistake 小错 * We only had a little snack at lunchtime. 我们午饭只吃了一点小吃. 5 young 幼小的: * I had curly hair when I was little. 我小时候是鬈发. * My little (ie younger) brother is 18. 我弟弟18岁. 6 small when compared with others （相比之下）小的: * one's little finger 小指 * the little hand of the clock 钟的短针

little1
* `Which packet would you prefer?’ `I'll take the little one.’ ‘你喜欢哪一包?’‘我要小包.’ =>Usage at small 用法见small. 7 (idm 习语) big, etc oaks from little acorns grow => oak. in little (fml 文) on a small scale 小规模地. a little bird told me (that...) (joc 谑) I know but will not tell you how, or from whom, I know 我知道, 但我不告诉你我是怎麽知道的. twist sb round one's little finger => twist. 复合： the ,Little `Bear small constellation near the north pole 小熊星座（在北极附近）. Cf 参看 the Great Bear (great). the `little people, the `little folk small people with supernatural powers; fairies or elves 小仙子; 小精灵.

littoral
[5litErEl; 5litErEl] n, adj (fml 文) (part of a country that is) along the coast 沿海岸的; 沿海地区.

liturgy
[5litEdVi; 5litldVi] n fixed form of public worship used in churches 礼拜仪式. > liturgical/li'tE:dVikl; li'tEdVikl] adj. liturgically[-'kli; -kli] adv.

live
1[laiv; laiv] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] 1 having life 有生命的; 活的: * live fish 活鱼. 2 (used esp of surprising or unusual experiences, etc 尤用於指惊人的或异常的经历等) actual; not pretended 真正的; 不是假装的: * We saw a real live rattlesnake! 我们看到一条真的响尾蛇! 3 glowing or burning 发着光的; 点燃着的: * live coals 燃烧着的煤. 4 not yet exploded or lit; ready for use 还未爆炸或点火的; 随时可用的: * a live bomb 未爆炸的炸弹 * several rounds of live ammunition 几发待用的炮弹 * a live match 未用过的火柴. 5 (of a wire, etc) charged with or carrying electricity （指电线等）带电的, 通着电的: * That terminal is live. 那个接头有电. * the live rail, eg on an electric railway 带电的铁轨（如在电气铁路上）. 6 of interest or importance at the present time 当前令人关切的; 当前重要的: * Pollution is still very much a live issue. 污染现象仍然是当前的大问题. 7 (a) (of a broadcast) transmitted while actually happening, not recorded or edited （指广播）现场直播的, 实况转播的: * live coverage of the World Cup 世界杯实况报道. (b) (of a musical performance or recording) given or made during a concert, not in a studio （指音乐演奏或录音）音乐会现场播出或录制的: * a live recording made at Covent Garden in 1962 1962年在考文特公园的现场录音. Cf 参看 pre-record. 8 (idm 习语) a live `wire lively and energetic person 活跃而精力充沛的人. 派生： live adv broadcast, played or recorded at an actual performance, etc without being edited 实地; 从现场; 以直播方式: This show is going out live. 这场演出正在进行实况转播. 复合： `live birth baby born alive 出生时活着的婴儿. Cf 参看 stillbirth (still1).

liveable
[5livEbl; 5livEbl] adj (of life) worth living; tolerable （指生活）有价值的, 可忍受的, 过得去的. 复合： `liveable-in adj [pred 作表语] (infml 口) (of a house, etc) fit to live in （指房屋等）适於居住. `liveable-with adj [pred 作表语] (infml 口) (of a person, etc) easy to live with （指人等）易於共同生活.

livelihood
[5laivlihud; 5laivli7hud] n (usu sing 通常作单数) (a) means of living; income 生活的手段; 生计; 收入: * earn one's livelihood by teaching 靠教书为生 * deprive sb of his livelihood 剥夺某人的生计. (b) way of earning a living; occupation 谋生之道; 职业: * Farming is his sole livelihood. 他唯一的谋生之道就是务农.

livelong
[5livlCN; - 'laivlC:N; 5laiv7lCN] adj (idm 习语) the livelong `day/`night (dated or rhet 旧或修辞) the whole length of the day/night 一整天[夜].

lively
[5laivli; 5laivli] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 full of life and energy; high-spirited; vigorous 有生气的; 精力充沛的; 活跃的: * She's a lively child and popular with everyone. 她是个活泼的孩子, 大家都喜欢她. * The patient seems a little livelier/more lively this morning. 那病人今晨好像精神些了. * one of the liveliest parties I've been to 我参加过的最热闹的一次聚会 * a lively melody 活泼的旋律 * She has a lively interest in everything around her. 她对周围的一切都有浓厚的兴趣. 2 vivid or striking 生动的; 醒目的: * a lively imagination 生动的想像 * a lively shade of pink 鲜艳的粉红色调 * She gave a lively account of her adventures. 她生动叙述了自己惊险刺激的事. 3 moving vigorously or roughly 剧烈的; 狂暴的: * The sea is quite lively today. 今天海面风浪很大. * We batted on a lively pitch, ie a cricket pitch that caused the ball to move sharply. 我们击中了对方快速投来的球. 4 (idm 习语) ,look `lively move, etc more quickly; show more energy 行动敏捷些; 干劲足些: * We'd better look lively if we're to finish in time. 我们要按时完成, 动作就得快些. make it/things lively for sb (esp ironic 尤作反语) make things exciting and perhaps dangerous for sb 使某人兴奋或许担惊受怕. > liveliness n [U].

liven
[5laivn; 5laivEn] v (phr v) ,liven (sb/sth) `up (cause sb/sth to) become lively （使某人[某事物]）有生气, 活跃: * Put on some music to liven things up. 放些音乐, 让气氛愉快起来. * Do liven up a bit! 活跃些吧!

liver
1[5livE(r); 5livl] n 1 [C] large organ in the abdomen that produces bile and purifies the blood 肝脏. =>illus at digestive 见digestive插图. 2 [U, C] liver of certain animals, used as food （供食用的）肝: * pig's liver 猪肝 * chicken livers 鸡肝. 派生： liverish (also livery) adj 1 suffering from a disorder of the liver 患肝病的. 2 irritable; peevish 易怒的; 脾气坏的. 复合： `liver sausage (also esp US liverwurst[5livEwE:st;'livl7wEst] ) sausage containing cooked and finely chopped liver, usu eaten cold on bread 肝香肠.

livery
[5livEri; 5livEri] n 1 [U, C] special uniform such as that worn by male servants in a great household or by members of the London trade guilds （大户人家的男仆或伦敦同业公会的）制服: * in/out of (ie wearing/not wearing) livery 穿[不穿]制服. 2 [U] (rhet 修辞) covering 装束: * trees in their spring livery, ie with new leaves 披上春装的树木. 派生： liveried[5livErid; 5livErid] adj wearing livery 穿制服的: * a liveried chauffeur 穿制服的汽车司机. 复合： `livery company any of the London trade guilds with their own special uniforms （伦敦市有制服的）同业公会. `liveryman[-mEn; -mEn] n (pl -men[-mEn; mEn] ) 1 member of a livery company （穿制服的）同业公会会员. 2 person who works in a livery stable （马房的）马夫. `livery stable stable where horses are kept for their owners in return for payment, or where horses may be hired （代客喂马或租马的）马房.

livestock
[5laivstCk; 5laiv7stak] n [U] animals kept on a farm for use or profit, eg cattle or sheep 家畜, 牲畜（如牛羊）.

livid
[5livid; 5livid] adj 1 [usu attrib 通常作定语] of the colour of lead; bluish-grey 铅色的; 青灰色的: * a livid bruise 青肿. 2 [usu pred 通常作表语] (infml 口) furiously angry 大怒: * livid with rage 狂怒 * He'd be livid if he found out what you're doing. 要是他知道了你干的事, 他准得大发雷霆. > lividly adv.

living
1[5liviN; 5liviN] adj 1 alive, esp now 活的; 活着的: * all living things 所有生物 * the finest living pianist 在世的最好的钢琴家 * No man living could have done better. 当今的人没有一个能做得更好. 2 used or practised; active 在使用的; 实施着的; 活动中的: * living languages, ie those still spoken 现用的语言 * a living hope, faith, reality 现存的希望、 仍在信奉的信仰、 活生生的现实. 3 (idm 习语) a ,living `legend person who has achieved great fame during his lifetime and is still alive 活着的名人. be living proof of sth show sth by the fact that one is alive 活证明: * He is living proof of the wonders of modern medicine. 他是当代医学奇迹的活证明. within/in ,living `memory at a time, or during the time, remembered by people still alive 在当今人的记忆中: * Wages were sixpence a week within living memory. 周工资为六便士的年代, 人们记忆犹新. * the coldest winter in living memory 人们记忆中最寒冷的冬天. 派生： the living n [pl v] 1 people who are now alive 活着的人: the living and the dead 生者与死者. 2 (idm 习语) in the land of the living => land1. 复合： ,living `death time of continuous misery 活地狱: Exile was for him a living death. 他遭流放是进了活地狱.

lizard
[5lizEd; 5lizld] n (usu small) reptile with a rough skin, four legs and a long tail 蜥蜴.

ll
pl of l 2. LL B, LL D, LL M

llama
[5la:mE; 5lamE] n S American animal with soft woolly hair, used for carrying loads 美洲驼（产於南美, 用作驮兽）.

lo
[lEu; lo] interj 1 (arch 古) look; see 看; 瞧. 2 (idm 习语) ,lo and be`hold (esp joc or ironic 尤作戏谑语或作反语) (used to indicate surprise 用以表示惊讶): * As soon as we went out, lo and behold, it began to rain. 我们刚一出门, 你瞧, 就下起雨来了.

load
1[lEud; lod] n 1 [C] thing that is being carried or to be carried, esp if heavy 负荷物, 载荷物（尤指沉重的）: * a load of sand 运载的一批沙子. 2 [C] (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) quantity that can be carried, eg by a vehicle 运载的量: * coach-loads of tourists 一车车的游客 * a boat-load of survivors 一船生还的人. 3 [C] (a) amount of work that a dynamo, a motor, an engine, etc is required to do （发电机、 电动机、 发动机等的）负载, 负荷. (b) amount of electric current supplied by a dynamo or generating station （发电机或发电站的）发电量. 4 [C usu sing 通常作单数] (fig 比喻) weight of responsibility, worry, grief, etc （责任、 忧虑、 悲哀等的）沉重感: * a heavy load of guilt 沉重的负疚感. 5 loads (of sth) [pl] (infml 口) plenty (of sth) 大量; 许多: * loads of friends, money, time 很多朋友、 金钱、 时间 * `Have you got any change?’ `Loads!’ ‘你有零钱吗?’‘有的是!’ 6 (idm 习语) be/take a ,load/,weight off sb's `mind => mind1. a ,load of (old) `rubbish, etc (infml 口) nonsense 胡说八道: * I've never heard such a load of garbage! 这麽胡说八道我还从来没听说过! get a load of sb/sth (infml 口) take notice of sb/sth 注意某人[某事物]: * Get a load of that old bloke with the funny hat! 你瞧那戴怪帽子的家伙! 复合： `load-shedding n [U] cutting off the supply of electric current on certain lines when the general demand is greater than the available supply 甩负荷（电源过载时切断某些线路的电源）.

loadstar
= lodestar (lode).

loadstone
(also lodestone)[5lEudstEun; 5lod7ston] n (a) [U] magnetic oxide of iron 磁性氧化铁. (b) [C] piece of this used as a magnet 磁铁: * (fig 比喻) She seems to be a loadstone for people in trouble, ie They come to her regularly for help. 对於患难中的人, 她彷佛是一块磁铁（人们常来求助）.

loaf
1[lEuf; lof] n (pl loaves/lEuvz; lovz] ) 1 mass of bread shaped and baked in one piece 大面包: * Two brown loaves and one large white one, please. 请拿两个黑面包和一个大的白面包. 2 (idm 习语) half a loaf is better than none/than no bread (saying 谚) having to accept less than one expects, or feels that one deserves, is better than having nothing 接受半块面包总比没有好; 聊胜於无. use one's loaf => use1. 复合： `loaf sugar sugar in small lumps or cubes 块糖; 方糖.

loam
[lEum; lom] n [U] rich soil containing clay, sand and decayed vegetable matter 壤土. > loamy adj: * loamy land 壤土地.

loan
[lEun; lon] n 1 [C] thing that is lent, esp a sum of money 借出物; （尤指）借款: * I'm only asking for a loan I'll pay you back. 我只要求借款--日後一定奉还. * a bank loan, ie money lent by a bank 银行贷款. 2 [U] lending or being lent (used esp as in the expressions shown) 借出（尤用於下列示例）: * May I have the loan of (ie borrow) your bicycle? 可以借你的自行车用用吗? * Can we ask your father for the loan of his car? 我们可以向你父亲借用他的汽车吗? * It's not my book I've got it on loan from the library. 那不是我的书--是从图书馆借来的. 派生： loan v [Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) (esp US) (Brit fml 文) lend sth 借出某物: a painting graciously loaned by Her Majesty the Queen 女王陛下惠借的画. 复合： `loan-collection n several works of art, etc lent by their owners for exhibition 收藏者借出供展览的一批艺术品等. `loan-word n word taken into one language from another 借词; 外来词.

loath
(also loth)[lEuW; loW] adj [pred 作表语] (fml 文) 1 ~ to do sth unwilling; reluctant 不愿意; 不情愿: * He seemed somewhat loath to depart. 他似有不愿离去之意. 2 (idm 习语) ,nothing `loath quite willing; eager 很乐意; 心甘情愿; 巴不得.

loathe
[lEuT; loT] v (a) [Tn] feel great hatred or disgust for (sb/sth) 憎恨; 厌恶（某人[某事物]）: * loathe the smell of fried fish 厌恶煎鱼的味. (b) [Tn, Tg] (infml 口) dislike (sth) greatly 极不喜欢（某事物）: * I loathe having to go to these conferences. 我最讨厌的是得参加这些会议. 派生： loathing n [U] disgust 厌恶; 憎恨: have a loathing of sth 厌恶某事物 * feel intense loathing for sb/sth 对某人[某事物]极为反感. loathsome[-sEm; -sEm] adj causing one to feel disgusted or shocked; repulsive 讨厌的; 令人震惊的; 令人厌恶的: * a loathsome disease 讨厌的疾病 * What a loathsome creature he is! 他是个多麽讨厌的家伙!

loaves
pl of loaf1.

lob
[lCb; lab] v (-bb-) [I, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (in tennis, cricket, etc) send or strike (a ball) in a high arc （网球、 板球等）发或击高（球）: * She lobbed the ball over her opponent's head to the back of the court. 她把球挑高越过对方的头向後场落去. 派生： lob n (a) lobbed ball 高球. (b) slow underarm delivery in cricket （板球的）缓慢低手球.

lobby
[5lCbi; 5labi] n 1 [C] porch, entrance-hall or ante-room 门厅; （入口的）厅堂; 前厅: * the lobby of a hotel, theatre, etc 旅馆、 戏院等的大厅. 2 [C] (in the House of Commons, etc) large hall open to the public and used for interviews with Members of Parliament （下议院等内之）民众接待厅. 3 [CGp] group of people who try to influence politicians, esp to support or oppose proposed legislation 游说议员的团体: * The anti-nuclear lobby is/are becoming stronger. 向议员游说的反核群众声势渐强. 4 [C] = division lobby (division). 派生： lobby v (pt, pp lobbied) 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sb) (for sth) try to persuade (a politician, etc) to support or oppose proposed legislation 游说（政治家等）支持或反对某立法议案: lobby (MPs) for higher farm subsidies 游说（议员）以提高农业补贴. 2 (phr v) lobby sth through (sth) get (a bill, etc) passed or rejected by lobbying 通过游说使（一法案等）通过或不通过: lobby a bill through Parliament/the Senate 运动议员使国会[参议院]通过一法案. lobbyist[-ist; -ist] n person who lobbies 游说议员者.

lobe
[lEub; lob] n 1 lower soft part of the outer ear 耳垂. =>illus at head 见head插图. 2 rounded flattish part or projection of a body organ, esp the lungs or brain （器官的）叶; （尤指）肺叶, 脑叶. 派生： lobed adj having lobes 有耳垂的; 有（器官的）叶的.

lobotomy
[lEu'bCtEmi; lo'batEmi] (also Brit leucotomy)n (medical 医) [C, U] (operation involving) cutting into the brain tissue to treat severe mental disorders 脑白质切断（术）; 脑叶纤维切断（术）.

lobster
[5lCbstE(r); 5labstl] n (a) [C] large bluish-black shellfish with eight legs and two long claws that turns scarlet when it is boiled 龙虾. =>illus at shellfish 见shellfish插图. (b) [U] its flesh as food （作食物的）龙虾肉. 复合： `lobster-pot n device for trapping lobsters, esp one like a basket 诱捕龙虾的装置; （尤指）捕龙虾的笼.

loc cit
[7lCk 'sit; 7lak 'sit] abbr 缩写 = in the passage, etc already quoted (Latin loco citato) 在上述引文中（源自拉丁文loco citato）. Cf 参看 op cit.

local
[5lEukl; 5lokl] adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] 1 belonging to a particular place or district 地方的; 本地的; 地区的: * Following the national news we have the local news and weather. 国内新闻之後是本地新闻和天气报告. * the local farmer, doctor, shopkeeper, etc 当地的农民、 医生、 店主等 * local knowledge, ie detailed knowledge of an area that one gets esp by living there 地方知识（尤指居住当地而知其详者） * She's a local girl, ie from this area. 她是本地姑娘. * a local train/bus, ie not long-distance 本地的火车[公共汽车]. 2 (esp medical 尤用於医学) affecting a particular place; not general 局部的; 非全身的: * local inflammation 局部炎症 * Is the pain local? 是局部疼痛吗? 派生： local n 1 (usu pl 通常作复数) inhabitant of a particular place or district 本地人; 当地人: The locals tend to be suspicious of strangers. 当地人对陌生人往往有戒心. 2 (Brit infml 口) public house, esp near one's home 当地酒店（尤指住处附近的）: pop into the local for a pint 进附近酒店喝一品脱啤酒 * Which is your local? 你们邻近的酒店是哪一家? 3 (US) branch of a trade union, etc （工会等的）地方分会. 4 (esp US) local train or bus 地区的火车或公共汽车. locally[-kEli; -kEli] adv. 复合： ,local anaes`thetic (medical 医) anaesthetic that affects only a specific part of the body 局部麻醉. ,local au`thority (Brit) group of people responsible for the administration of local government 地方当局; 地方政权. `local call telephone call to a nearby place, charged at a low rate 本地电话. ,local `colour details that are typical of the place and time in which a novel, etc is set, used to make the story seem more real （文艺作品的）地方色彩, 地方特色. ,local `government system of administration of a district, county, etc by elected representatives of the people who live there 地方政府.

local1
,local `option (esp in Scotland, New Zealand and the US) right of local residents to decide sth (eg whether alcohol should be sold there) by voting （尤指苏格兰、 新西兰、 美国）地方人民抉择权（如是否准予销售酒类）. `local time (according to the) system of time being used in a given part of the world 当地时间; 本地时: We reach Delhi at 1400 hours local time. 我们於当地时间14时到达德里.

locale
[lEu'ka:l; - -'kAl; lo'kAl] n scene of events, operations, etc （事情发生的）现场, 场地: * The director is looking for a suitable locale for his new film. 导演在为新片物色合适的拍摄场地.

locality
[lEu'kAlEti; lo'kAlEti] n position of sth; place or district in which sth happens 位置; 地点; 现场: * trying to pinpoint the ship's exact locality 设法确定轮船的确切位置 * The entire locality has been affected by the new motorway. 新建的高速公路影响了整个地区.

localize, localise
[5lEukElaiz; 5lokl7aiz] v [Tn] restrict (sth) to a particular area or part; make local 使（某事物）局部化; 使具有地方色彩: * try to localize an outbreak of disease, violence, unrest 尽力把疾病、 暴力、 暴乱的爆发限制在局部范围以内 * a localized infection 局部感染. > localization, -isation[7lEukElai'zeiFn; - -li'z-;7loklE'zeFEn] n [U].

locate
[lEu'keit; - 'lEukeit; 5loket] v 1 [Tn] discover the exact position or place of (sb/sth) 找出, 指出（某人[某事物]）的准确位置或地点: * locate an electrical fault 查明电路出故障的地方 * locate a town on a map 在地图上找出一城市的位置 * I'm trying to locate Mr Smith. Do you know where he is? 我要找史密斯先生. 你知道他在哪里吗? 2 [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: * Tn, Tn.pr] establish (sth) in a place; situate 将（某物）设置在某处; 使座落於: * A new factory is to be located on this site. 新厂拟建於此. * The information office is located in the city centre. 咨询处设在市中心. 3 [Ipr] (US) settle in a place; establish oneself 定居某处; 安顿: * The company has located on the West Coast. 公司设在西海岸.

location
[lEu'keiFn; lo'keFEn] n 1 [C] place or position 地方; 位置: * a suitable location for new houses 适合建 新房屋的地点. 2 [U] finding the position of sb/sth 发现、 找出某人[某物]的位置或地点: * responsible for the location of the missing yacht 负责查明失踪游艇的下落. 3 [C] (computing 计) basic unit of a computer's memory, able to store a single item of data 存储单元. 4 (idm 习语) on location (cinema 影) being filmed in suitable surroundings instead of in a film studio 外景拍摄.

loch
[lCk, lCx; lak, lax] n (Scot 苏格兰) (often in names 常用於地名) 1 lake 湖: * Loch Ness 尼斯湖. 2 long narrow inlet of the sea 狭长的海湾. Cf 参看 lough.

loci
pl of locus.

lock
1[lCk; lak] n 1 [C] portion of hair that hangs or lies together 一绺或一缕毛发: * He kept a lock of her hair as a memento. 他保留着她的一束头发作纪念. 2 locks [pl] (esp rhet or joc 尤作修辞或作戏谑语) hair of the head 头发: * He gazed ruefully in the mirror at his greying locks. 他凝视着镜中自己日见花白的头发, 感慨岁月不待人.

locket
[5lCkit; 5lakit] n small ornamental case, usu of gold or silver, holding a portrait, lock of hair, etc and worn on a chain round the neck 盒式项 坠（通常为金银制的, 用以藏照片、 头发等）.

locomotion
[7lEukE'mEuFn; 7lokE'moFEn] n [U] (fml or joc 文或谑) moving, or the ability to move, from place to place 运动; 移动; 运动力; 移动力. 派生： locomotive[5lEukEmEutiv; 7lokE'motiv] adj of, having or causing locomotion 移动的; 有移动力的; 产生运动的: * locomotive power 移动力. n = engine 2: * electric, diesel, steam, etc locomotives 电气、 柴油、 蒸汽等机车.

locum
[5lEukEm; 5lokEm] n (also fml 正规作 ,locum `tenens[5ti:nenz, 'tenenz; 5tinenz] ) deputy acting for a doctor or priest in his absence （医生或牧师的）临时代理人: * When they are on holiday the work of doctors is often done by locums. 医生度假时, 他们的工作常由代理医生负责.

locus
[5lEukEs; 5lokEs] n (pl loci[5lEusai; 5losai] ) exact place of sth 所在地; 场所. 复合： ,locus `classicus[5klAsikEs; 5klAsikEs] (Latin 拉) best known or most authoritative passage on a subject 某问题的最着名或最具权威性的章节.

locust
[5lEukEst; 5lokEst] n type of African and Asian winged insect that migrates in huge swarms which destroy all the vegetation of a district 飞蝗.

locution
[lE'kju:Fn; lo'kjuFEn] n 1 [U] (fml 文) style of speech; way of using words 语言风格; 用词的方法. 2 [C] (esp linguistics 尤用於语言学) phrase or idiom 短语; 惯用语; 成语.

lode
[lEud; lod] n vein of metal ore 矿脉. 复合： `lodestar (also loadstar) n (a) star used as a guide in navigation, esp the pole-star 用以指示航向的星; （尤指）北极星. (b) (fig 比喻) principle that guides one's behaviour and actions （行为和行动的）指导原则. `lodestone n = loadstone.

lodge
1[lCdV; ladV] n 1 small house at the gates of a park or in the grounds of a large house, occupied by a gate-keeper or other employee （公园或大宅第中看门人的）房子; 下房. 2 country house or cabin for use in certain seasons （某季节中使用的）乡间小舍: * a `hunting/`fishing/`skiing lodge 打猎[钓鱼/滑雪]时用的小屋. 3 porter's room at the main entrance to a block of flats, college, factory, etc （公寓、 学院、 工厂等的）门房. 4 members or meeting-place of a branch of a society such as the Freemasons 会社（如共济会）支部的全体会员; 支部会员集会处. 5 beaver's or otter's lair （海狸或水獭的）巢穴. 6 N American Indian dwelling or household （北美印第安人的）住处, 住家.

lodgement
(also lodgment)[5lCdVmEnt; 5ladVmEnt] n (fml 文) 1 [U] action or process of lodging (lodge2 5) 向负责部门提出: * the lodgement of a complaint 投诉的提出. 2 [C] mass of material that collects in or blocks sth 积聚物; 堵塞物: * a lodgement of dirt in a pipe 烟斗中积存的烟垢.

lodging
[5lCdViN; 5ladViN] n 1 [U, C] temporary accommodation 临时寄宿; 借宿: * full board and lodging, ie a room to stay in and all meals provided 一应膳宿 * find a lodging for the night 找地方借宿一夜. 2 lodgings [pl] room or rooms (not in a hotel) rented for living in 寄宿舍（非指旅馆中的）: * It's cheaper to live in lodgings than in a hotel. 住寄宿舍比住旅馆便宜. 复合： `lodging-house n house in which lodgings are let, usu by the week 出租房间的公寓（通常按周出租）.

loess
[5lEues; 5lois] n [U] layer of fine fertile light-coloured soil, found in large areas of Asia, Europe and America 黄土.

loft
1[lCft; - lC:ft; lCft] n 1 (a) room or space directly under the roof of a house, used for storing things 阁楼, 顶楼（用以存放东西）: * [attrib 作定语] a loft conversion, ie one that has been made into a room or rooms for living in （改装的）阁楼居室. (b) space under the roof of a stable or barn, used for storing hay, etc 厩楼（用以贮放乾草等）. 2 (US) one of the upper floors of a warehouse, etc （仓库等的）上层楼面, 楼上. 3 gallery or upper level in a church or hall （教堂或大厅内的）楼厢: * the `organ-loft 教堂内的风琴台.

lofty
[5lCfti; - 'lC:fti; 5lCfti] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of thoughts, aims, etc) noble; exalted （指思想、 目标等）高尚的, 崇高的: * lofty sentiments 高尚的情操. 2 (derog 贬) seeming to be proud and superior; haughty 高傲的; 骄傲的; 傲慢的: * in a lofty manner 态度傲慢. 3 (rhet 修辞) (not used of people 不用於指人) very tall 极高的: * a lofty mountain 高山 * lofty halls 高大的厅堂. > loftily[-ili; -ili] adv. loftiness n [U].

log
1[lCg; - lC:g; lCg] n 1 (a) length of tree-trunk that has fallen or been cut down 原木; 圆材: * birds nesting in a hollow log 在空树干里搭巢的鸟. (b) short piece of this, esp one used as firewood 短的木材; （尤指）木柴: * Put another log on the fire. 往炉子里再添一段木柴. 2 (idm 习语) easy as falling off a log => easy1. sleep like a log/top => sleep. 派生： logging n [U] (US) work of cutting down forest trees for timber 伐木工作; 伐木业: [attrib 作定语] a logging camp 伐木营地. 复合： `log cabin hut built of logs 原木小屋. `log-jam n (esp US) deadlock; standstill 僵局; 停顿. `log-rolling n [U] (derog 贬 esp US) practice of helping others in return for their help, as when authors review each other's books favourably 相互吹棒, 相互标榜（如作家间互相作好评）.

loganberry
[5lEugEnbri; - -beri; 5logEn7beri] n large dark-red berry from a plant that is a cross2(7) between a blackberry and a raspberry 洛根莓（为黑莓与悬钩子杂交植物, 结深红色聚合果）.

logarithm
[5lCgEriTEm; - 'lC:g-; 5lCgE7riTEm] n (mathematics 数) any of a series of numbers set out in tables which make it possible to work out problems in multiplication and division by adding and subtracting 对数. =>App 4 见附录4. > logarithmic[7lCgE'riTmik; - 7lC:g-; 7lCgE'riTmik] adj: * a logarithmic function 对数函数. logarithmically[-kli; -kli] adv.

loggerheads
[5lCgEhedz; 5lCgl7hedz] n (idm 习语) at loggerheads (with sb) disagreeing or quarrelling 不和; 相争: * He and his wife are always at loggerheads. 他和妻子总是不和. * His father's will has set him at loggerheads with his brother, ie caused them to quarrel. 他父亲的遗嘱导致了他与弟弟争执起来.

loggia
[5lEudVE, 'lCdViE; 5lodVE, 'ladViE] n open-sided gallery or arcade, esp one that forms part of a house and has one side open to the garden 凉廊（尤指房屋敞向花园的）.

logic
[5lCdVik; 5ladVik] n [U] 1 science of reasoning 逻辑学; 论理学. 2 particular method or system of reasoning 推理的方法或体系. 3 chain of reasoning (regarded as good or bad) 逻辑性, 条理性（合乎逻辑或不合逻辑）: * You have to accept the logic of his argument. 应该承认他的论据中有逻辑性. 4 ability to reason correctly 正确推理的能力; 逻辑思维的能力. 5 (computing 计) (a) principles used in designing a computer （设计计算机的）逻辑. (b) the circuit(s) involved in this 逻辑电路. 派生： logician/lE'dViFn; lo'dViFEn] n person who is skilled in logic 逻辑学家.

logical
[5lCdVikl; 5ladVikl] adj 1 in accordance with the rules of logic; correctly reasoned 合逻辑的; 推理正确的: * a logical argument, conclusion 合逻辑的论据、 结论. 2 (of an action, event, etc) in accordance with what seems reasonable or natural （指行为、 事情等）合乎情理的, 合乎常理的: * the logical outcome 合情合理的结果 * It seemed the only logical thing to do. 看来那样做才合乎常理. 3 capable of reasoning correctly 有逻辑头脑的; 有推理能力的: * a logical mind 善於推理的头脑. 派生： logicality[7lCdVi'kAlEti; 7ladVi'kAlEti] n [U] being logical 合逻辑; 合理. logically[-kli; -kli] adv: * argue logically 有条理地辩论.

logistics
[lE'dVistiks; lE'dVistiks] n [sing or pl v] organization of supplies and services, etc for any complex operation 後勤. > logistic, logistical/ lE5dVIstIkl; lE`dVIstIkEl/ adjs: * Organizing famine relief presents huge logistical problems. 筹画 馑救济工作在後勤方面困难极大. logistically[-kli; -kli] adv.

logo
[5lEugEu; 5lo7go] n (pl ~s) printed symbol designed for and used by a business, company, etc as its emblem, eg in advertising （企业、 公司等的）专用标识, 标记, 商标（如用於广告中的）.

loin
[lCin; lCin] n 1 [C] (anatomy 解) side and back of the body between the ribs and the hip-bone 腰; 腰部. 2 [C, U] (joint of) meat from this part of an animal （动物的）腰肉, 脊背肉: * some loin of pork 猪脊背肉. 3 loins [pl] (dated 旧) (a) lower part of the body on both sides below the waist and above the legs 胯. (b) (euph 婉) reproductive organs 下身. 4 (idm 习语) gird one's loins => gird. 复合： `loincloth n piece of cloth worn around the body at the hips, esp as the only garment worn 缠腰布（尤指仅有的蔽体物）.

loiter
[5lCitE(r); 5lCitl] v 1 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (about/around) stand about idly 闲站着: * loitering at street corners 在街头闲站着. 2 [I] go slowly, with frequent stops 慢走; 边走边停: * Don't loiter on the way home! 不要在回家的路上闲逛! > loiterer n.

loll
[lCl; lal] v 1 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (about/around) rest, sit or stand lazily, often while leaning against sth 懒洋洋地呆着、 坐着或站着（常指倚着某物）: * loll around the house 在家中呆着. 2 (phr v) loll out (of the tongue) hang loosely （指舌）耷拉, 下垂.

lollipop
[5lClipCp; 5lali7pap] n large (usu flat and round) boiled sweet on a small stick, held in the hand and sucked 棒棒糖. 复合： `lollipop man (fem 阴性作 `lollipop woman, `lollipop lady) (Brit infml 口) person who carries a circular sign marked `Stop! Children Crossing' as a warning to traffic to stop, allowing children to cross a busy road, esp on their way to and from school 儿童过路辅导员（持圆形指示牌, 有‘停车! 儿童过路’字样, 尤於上学、 放学时间值勤者）.

lollop
[5lClEp; 5lalEp] v [I, Ipr, Ip] (infml 口 esp Brit) move in clumsy jumps; flop about 笨拙地跳动; 扑动: * lolloping along (the road) （一路）蹦蹦跳跳.

lolly
[5lCli; 5lali] n (Brit) 1 [C] (infml 口) lollipop 棒棒糖. 2 [U] (sl 俚) money 钱.

lone
[lEun; lon] adj [attrib 作定语] (usu rhet 通常作修辞) 1 without companions; solitary 孤独的; 孤单的: * a lone figure trudging through the snow 在雪地里独自跋涉的人. Cf 参看 alone 1, lonely 3. 2 (idm 习语) a ,lone `wolf person who prefers to be, work, etc alone 好孤独自处、 独自工作等的人. 派生： loner n (infml 口) person who avoids the company of others 喜独处者; 不合群者: She's been a loner all her life. 她一生离群索居.

lonely
[5lEunli; 5lonli] adj 1 sad because one lacks friends or companions 孤寂的; 寂寞的: * I live all alone but I never feel lonely. 我虽孑然一身, 但从不感孤寂. * a lonely-looking child 形单影只的孩子 * Living in a big city can be (ie make one feel) very lonely. 在大城市里生活还真很孤寂. * Hers is a lonely life. 她的生活很寂寞. 2 [attrib 作定语] (of places) far from inhabited places; not often visited; remote （指地方）偏僻的, 人迹罕至的; 偏远的: * Antarctica is the loneliest place on earth. 南极是地球上最偏远的地区. 3 [attrib 作定语] without companions 孤单的; 无伴侣的: * a lonely traveller 孤单的旅客. 4 (idm 习语) plough a lonely furrow => plough v. =>Usage at alone 用法见alone. > loneliness n [U]: * suffer from loneliness 备 孤寂之苦. 复合： ,lonely `hearts people who are seeking friendship, esp with a view to marriage 徵友者（尤指物色佳偶者）: [attrib 作定语] a lonely hearts column, ie a section of a newspaper, etc containing messages from such people （报纸等的）徵友专栏.

lonesome
[5lEunsEm; 5lonsEm] adj (esp US) 1 lonely 孤寂的; 寂寞的; 人迹罕至的; 偏僻的; 偏远的: * I get lonesome when you're not here. 你不在时我颇感寂寞. * a lonesome mountain village 偏僻的山村. 2 causing loneliness 令人感到孤寂的: * a lonesome journey 寂寞的旅途. =>Usage at alone 用法见alone. 3 (idm 习语) by/on one's `lonesome (infml 口) on one's own; alone 独自; 单独.

long
shoreman

long1
* She makes a little money go a long way, ie buys many things by careful spending. 她用很少的钱能买很多东西. * A little of this paint goes a long way, ie covers a large area. 这种颜料用一点可以涂一片. (b) be as much as one can bear 叫人受不了: * A little of his company goes a long way, ie One can tolerate his company for a short time only. 跟他呆上一会儿就叫人受不了. happy as the day is long => happy. have come a long way have made much progress 大有进步: * We've come a long way since those early days of the project. 这项工作开始以来我们已取得很大进展. have a long `arm be able to make one's power or authority felt even at a distance 有深远的势力或影响力. in long/short pants => pants. in the `long run ultimately; eventually 从长远看; 终究; 最後: * In the long run pricesare bound to rise. 从长远看, 物价肯定要涨. in the long/ short term => term. it's as broad as it's long => broad1. (put on, have, wear, etc) a long `face sad expression 拉长脸; 哭丧着脸; 愁眉苦脸. a long `haul long and difficult activity, etc 持久而艰苦的活动等: It's been a long haul but at last this dictionary is published. 经过千辛万苦这部词典才终於得以问世. a `long shot wild guess or attempt 瞎猜; 姑妄一试. ,long in the `tooth (joc 谑) rather old 年齿渐长; 颇老: He's getting a bit long in the tooth to be playing football. 他踢足球未免年齿过长了. long time no `see (infml 口) (used as a greeting 用作招呼语) it's a long time since we last met 好久没见了. not by a `long chalk; Brit not by a `long shot not at all 完全不; 绝不: We're not beaten yet, (not) by a long chalk. 我们还没有败, 远远没败. take a long (cool/hard) `look at sth consider a possibility, problem, etc carefully and at length 谨慎仔细考虑（可能性、 问题等）. take the `long view consider events, effects, factors, etc a long time in the future, rather than the immediate situation 从长远考虑事情、 效果、 因素等. to cut a long story short to get to the point of what one is saying quickly 长话短说; 简而言之; 总之.

long2
复合： `longboat n largest boat carried on a sailing-ship （帆船所带的）大艇. `longbow n bow drawn by hand, equal in length to the height of the archer and used to shoot feathered arrows 长弓; 大弓. Cf 参看 crossbow. ,long-`distance adj, adv travelling or operating between distant places 长距离的; 长途的: a ,long-distance `lorry driver, `phone call, `runner 跑长途的卡车司机、 长途电话、 长途跑步者 * to phone long-distance 打长途电话. ,long di`vision (mathematics 数) (process of) dividing one number by another with all the calculations written down 长除, 长除法（做除法运算时把每一步骤都写下来）: Can you do long division? 你会长除法吗? * [attrib 作定语] a long-division sum 长除法运算. `long drink drink that is large in quantity, filling a tall glass, eg beer 大杯饮料（如用高杯盛的啤酒）. `longhand n [U] ordinary writing (contrasted with shorthand, typing, etc) 普通书写（别於速记、 打字等）: all written in longhand 全部手写. `long hop (in cricket) ball that pitches short and is easy to hit （板球中的）（短距触地）长反弹球（易被击中）. `long johns (infml 口) underpants with legs that extend to the ankles 长内裤（及於踝部）: a warm pair of long johns 一条暖和的长内裤. `long jump (US `broad jump) athletic contest of jumping as far forward as possible 跳远: competing in the long jump 比赛跳远. ,long-`life adj (esp of dairy products) remaining usable for a long time （尤指乳制品）可长久保存的: ,long-life `milk 长期保鲜奶. long `odds (in betting) very uneven odds, eg 50 to 1 （打赌中）悬殊的机会（如50比1）. `long-range adj [attrib 作定语] (a) of or for a period of time far in the future 长期的; 为长远计的: long-range planning 长远规画 * a long-range weather forecast 远期天气预报. (b) (of vehicles, missiles, etc) that can be used over great distances （指运载工具、 导弹等）长距离的, 远程的, 长程的: a long-range bomber 远程轰炸机.

long3
,long-`sighted (also esp US ,far-`sighted) adj [usu pred 通常作表语] (a) only able to see clearly what is at a distance 远视: She's long-sighted and needs glasses to read. 她是远视眼, 看书要戴眼镜. (b) (fig 比喻) having foresight; prudent 有远见; 有远虑. `longstop n (in cricket) fielder standing directly behind the wicket-keeper （板球）守门员身後的守场员, 外野手. ,long `suit 1 many playing-cards of one suit in a hand 长套（一手牌中有多张同花者）: Play the highest card in your longest suit. 打你手中最长套的大牌. 2 (fig 比喻) thing at which one excels 特长; 长处: Modesty is not his long suit. 谦虚可不是他的长处. `long-time adj [attrib 作定语] that has lasted for a long time 为时已久的; 历久的: a long-time friendship 老交情. ,long-`term adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of or for a long period of time 长期的: a ,long-term com`mitment 长期承担的责任. long ton measure of weight, equal to 2240 pounds 长吨（等於2240磅）. `long wave (abbr 缩写 LW) radio wave having a wavelength of more than 1000 metres 长波: [attrib 作定语] a long-wave broadcast 长波广播. ,long week`end weekend that is made longer (as a holiday) by an extra day at the beginning or the end of it 长周末（前或後多加一天）. ,long-`winded adj talking or writing at tedious length 喋喋不休的; 罗嗦的: a ,long-winded `speaker, `speech, `style 说话罗嗦的人、 冗长的讲话、 烦冗的风格. ,long-`windedness n [U].

longevity
[lCn'dVevEti; lan'dVevEti] n [U] (fml 文) long life 长寿; 长命: * a family noted for its longevity 以长寿闻名的家族.

longitude
[5lCndVitju:d; - -tu:d; 5landVE7tud] n [U](abbr 缩写 long) distance east or west of the Greenwichmeridian, measured in degrees 经度: * lines of longitude marked on a map 标在地图上的经线. =>illus at globe 见globe插图. Cf 参看 latitude 1. 派生： longitudinal[7lCndVi'tju:dinl; - -'tu:dnl; 7landVE'tudnl] adj 1 of longitude 经度的. 2 of or in length; measured lengthwise 长度的; 纵的: * longitudinal stripes, eg on a flag 纵条纹（如旗帜上的）. longitudinally[-nElI; -nlI/ adv.

longways
[5lCNweiz; - 'lC:N-; 5lCN7wez] (also longwise/ 5lCNwaIz; US 5lR:N-; `lRN9waIz/) adv = lengthwise (length).

loo
[lu:; lu] n (pl ~s) (Brit infml euph 口, 婉) lavatory 厕所: * I need to go to the loo. 我要上厕所. =>Usage at toilet 用法见toilet.

loofah
(also esp US luffa)[5lu:fE; 5lufE] n [C] rough bath sponge made from the dried pod of a type of gourd （浴用）丝瓜络.

look
1[luk; luk] v 1 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (at sb/sth) turn one's eyes in a particular direction (in order to see sb/sth) 看; 瞧; 望: * If you look carefully you can just see the church from here. 你仔细看的话, 可以从这里看到那座教堂. * We looked but saw nothing. 我们看了, 但什麽也没看见. * `Has the postman been yet?’ `I'll just look and see.’ ‘邮递员来过了吗?’‘我这就去看看.’ * Look to see whether the road is clear before you cross. 看清没车时再过马路. * I was looking the other way when the goal was scored. 进球时我正看着别处. * She looked at me and smiled. 她望着我微笑. * She looked out of the window and saw the postman coming up the path. 她向窗外望去, 看见邮递员正从小道上过来. * They looked across the room at each other. 他们在房间的两头彼此望着. * She blushed and looked down at the floor. 她脸一红随即低下头看着地板. 2 [Ipr, Tw] ~ at sth (esp imperative 尤用於祈使句) pay attention to sth; observe sth 瞧; 看: * Look at the time! We should have been at the theatre ten minutes ago. 瞧都什麽时候了! 十分钟前我们就该到戏院了. * Can't you look where you're going? You nearly knocked me over! 看, 你这是往哪里走? 差点儿把我撞倒了! * Look what Denise has given me for Christmas! 看丹尼斯送我什麽圣诞礼物了! * Look who's here! 看谁在这里呢! 3 (a) [La, Ln] seem to be; appear 看起来; 看上去; 像是: * look healthy, ill, pale, puzzled, sad, tired 看上去健康、 有病、 苍白、 困惑不解、 忧伤、 疲乏 * That book looks interesting/That looks an interesting book. 那本书好像很有意思[那好像是本有趣的书]. * That pie looks good, ie good to eat. 那馅饼看来很好吃. * The town always looks deserted on Sunday mornings. 星期日早晨这小镇总显得冷冷清清. * `How do I look in this dress?’ `You look very nice (in it).’ ‘我穿这件连衣裙怎麽样?’‘挺好看.’ * You made me look a complete fool! 你叫我大出洋相了!

look1
(b) [Ipr] ~ (to sb) like sb/sth; ~ (to sb) as if.../as though... (usu not in the continuous tenses 通常不用於进行时态) have the appearance of sb/sth; suggest by appearance that... 像某人[某事物]的样子; 外表像...: * It looks like salt and it is salt. 那看着像盐, 也的确是盐. * That photograph doesn't look like her at all. 那张照片看上去一点都不像她. * This looks to me like the right door. 依我看就是这个门. * It looks like rain/It looks as if it's going to rain. 好像要下雨了. * It looks like being/as if it's going to be a nice day. 看样子是个好天. * You look as if you slept badly. 看你那样子彷佛没睡好觉. * It doesn't look to me as if the Socialists will win the election. 我看不出社会党人能在大选中获胜. =>Usage at feel1 用法见feel1. 4 [I, Ipr] ~ (for sb/sth) search for or try to find sb/sth 寻找或寻求某人[某事物]: * `I can't find the papers.’ `Well, keep looking!’ ‘我找不到那些文件.’‘那就继续找!’ * Where have you been? We've been looking for you everywhere. 你到哪里去了? 我们一直到处找你. * Are you still looking for a job? 你仍在找工作吗? * Negotiators are looking for a peaceful settlement to the dispute. 谈判双方正寻求和平解决争端的办法. * The youths were clearly looking for (ie were intending to start) a fight. 显然这些年轻人要寻 闹事. 5 [Ipr, Ip] face in, or give a view in, a particular direction 面向; 朝向: * The house looks east. 这房子朝东. * The hotel looks towards the sea. 该旅馆面向大海. * My bedroom looks onto the garden. 我的卧室对着花园. 6 (idm 习语) be looking to do sth try to do sth 想做某事物: * The government will be looking to reduce inflation by a further two per cent this year. 政府力求今年把通货膨胀率再减低百分之二. look `bad; not look `good be not right according to convention, and likely to make others have a bad opinion of one 不合常情; 失礼; 招人非议:

look2
* It looks bad not going to your own brother's wedding. 连亲兄弟的婚礼都不参加, 这太说不过去了. look `bad (for sb) suggest probable failure, trouble or disaster; be ominous 可能失败、 有麻烦或大祸临头: * He's had a severe heart attack; things are looking bad for him, I'm afraid, ie he is probably going to die. 他心脏病严重发作, 我看情况不妙（可能会死）. look `good seem to be promising; seem to be making satisfactory progress 似有希望或有满意的进展: * This year's sales figures are looking good. 今年的销售数字形势喜人. look `here (used to express protest or to ask sb to pay attention or listen to sth 用以表示抗议或叫某人注意): * Now look here, it wasn't my fault that we missed the train. 喂, 咱们误了火车可不是我的错. * Look here, I'm not having you make remarks like that about my sister. 哎, 我不许你们说我妹妹这种话. (not) look one`self (not) have one's normal (healthy) appearance 看起来（不）跟往常一样（健康）: * You're not looking yourself today, eg You look tired or ill. 今天你看上去气色不大好. look sb ,up and `down examine sb in a careful or contemptuous way 上下仔细地或轻蔑地打量某人: * I didn't like the way he looked me up and down before speaking to me. 我不喜欢他在跟我说话之前那样上下打量我. never/not look `back (infml 口) continue to prosper or be successful 一直兴旺或顺利: * Her first novel was published three years ago and since then she hasn't looked back. 她的第一部小说是叁年前发表的, 从此一帆风顺. to `look at sb/sth judging by the appearance of sb/sth 由外貌判断: * To look at him you'd never think he was a successful businessman. 若看他的外貌, 谁也想不到他是个事业有成的商人. not be much to `look at (infml 口) not have an attractive appearance 其貌不扬: * The house isn't much to look at but it's quite spacious inside. 别看那房子外表不起眼, 里面相当宽敞. (For other idioms containing look, see entries for ns, adjs, etc 与look搭配的其他习语见有关名词、 形容词等的词条, 如 look one's age => age; look sharp => sharp.)

look3
7 (phr v) look `after oneself/sb make sure that one/sb is safe and well; take care of oneself/sb 照料、 照顾或照看自己[某人]: He needs to be properly looked after. 他需要好好照顾. * Who will look after the children while their mother is in hospital? 孩子们的母亲住院期间谁照 顾他们呢? * He's good at looking after himself/his own interests. 他很会照顾自己[自己的利益]. look after sth be responsible for sth 负责某事物: Our neighbours are looking after the garden while we are away. 我们不在家的时候, 由邻居照料花园. look a`head think about what is going to happen in the future 向前看; 为将来打算: Have you looked ahead to what you'll be doing in five years' time? 你是否想过五年後你要做些什麽? look at sth (a) examine sth, esp closely 检查某事物（尤指仔细查）: Your ankle is badly swollen; I think the doctor ought to look at it. 你的脚腕子肿得很厉害, 我认为得请医生看看了. * I haven't had time to look at (ie read) your essay yet. 我还未得空仔细地读你的文章. * I'm taking my car to the garage to be looked at. 我要把汽车送到修车厂去检修. (b) think about, consider or study sth 考虑或研究某事物: The implications of the new legislation will need to be looked at. 新法规的含义需研究一下. * The committee wouldn't even look at my proposal. 委员会对我的提议甚至不予考虑. (c) view or regard sth 观察或看待某事物: The Americans look at life differently from the British. 美国人对生活的看法, 与英国人不同. * Looked at from that point of view, the job becomes easy. 从那个观点看, 这工作就容易了. look `back (on sth) think about (sth in) one's past 回顾自己的过去（的某事物）: look back on one's childhood,past, life 回顾童年、 过去、 生活. look down on sb/sth (infml 口) regard sb/sth with contempt; consider sb/sth inferior to oneself; despise sb/sth 鄙视或看不起某人[某事物]look4 /// * He was looked down on because of his humble background. 他因家世寒微而被人看不起. look for sth hope for sth; expect sth 盼望或期待某事物: We shall be looking for an improvement in your work this term. 我们期待你这学期功课进步. look forward to sth/doing sth anticipate sth with pleasure 欣然期待某事物: look forward to one's holidays, the weekend, a trip to the theatre 盼望放假、 周末、 去看戏 * We're so much looking forward to seeing you again. 我们非常盼望再见到你. look `in (on sb/at...) make a short visit to sb's house/a place 短时间探访某人家或到某处: The doctor will look in again this evening. 今晚医生再来探视. * Why don't you look in (on me) next time you're in town? 你下次进城来顺便来串门儿好吗? * I may look in at the party on my way home. 我回家时可能顺便到聚会处看看. look into sth investigate or examine sth 调查或观察某事物: A working party has been set up to look into the problem. 已成立工作组调查该问题. * His disappearance is being looked into by the police. 他失踪一事警方正在调查. look `on be a spectator at an event or incident; watch sth without taking part in it oneself 观看某事物; 旁观: Passers-by just looked on as a man was viciously attacked. 有一男子遭人毒打, 路人只在一旁观看. look on sb/sth as sb/sth regard or consider sb/sth to be sb/sth 将某人[某事物]看作他人[他事物]: She's looked on as the leading authority on the subject. 她被认为是该问题的主要权威. look on sb/sth with sth regard sb/sth in the specified way 以某种态度看待某人[某事物]: I look on him/his behaviour with contempt. 我对他不屑一顾[瞧不起他的为人]. * She was always looked on with distrust. 人家对她总是不信任. * How do people in general look on her? 人们一般对她怎麽看? look `out (used in the imperative 用於祈使句) be careful; watch out 小心; 当心: Look out! There's a car coming. 小心! 有辆汽车来了. look out

look5
(for sb/sth) be alert or watchful in order to see, find or be aware of sb/sth 警惕或留心某人[某事物]: Will you go to the station and look out for Mr Hill? 你到火车站去迎候希尔先生好吗? * Look out for pickpockets. 小心扒手. * Police will be looking out for trouble-makers at today's match. 今天的比赛有警察防备着捣乱分子. * Do look out for spelling mistakes when you check your work. 你检查作业时要当心拼写错误. look sth out (for sb/sth) search for sth and find it 寻出某物: I must look out some bits and pieces for the church jumble sale. 我得找些零碎东西捐给教堂作义卖. look over sth inspect or examine sth 检阅或检查某事物: We must look over the house before we decide to rent it. 我们必须先查看一下这所房子再决定租不租. look sth over examine sth one by one or part by part 逐一或逐部分检查某事物: Here's the mail. I've looked it over. 这批邮件都在这儿. 我已逐一查过了. look `round (a) turn one's head in order to see sb/sth 转过头看某人[某物]: She looked round when she heard the noise behind her. 她听到身後有声响, 就回过头去看. (b) examine various options or possibilities 审察供选择的事物或可能性: We're going to look round a bit before deciding where to buy a house. 我们先到各处查看一下, 再决定买哪里的房子. look round sth visit (a place or building) as a tourist or sightseer 参观, 游览（某地或某建 ）: Shall we look round the cathedral this afternoon? 我们今天下午参观大教堂好吗? look through sb deliberately ignore sb whom one can see clearly 对某人故意视而不见: She just looked straight through me. 她对我连理都不理. look through sth examine or read sth quickly 快速检查某事物; 快速阅读某物: She looked through her notes before the examination.考试前她匆匆看了一遍笔记. look sth through examine or read sth carefully; examine or read (a number of things) one by one 仔细检查, 逐一审查（某事物）: Always look your work through before handing it in. 交作业前一定要仔细检查.

look6
* He looked the proposals through before approving them. 他逐一审查了各项建议才予以批准. look to sb for sth; look to sb to do sth rely on or expect sb to provide sth or do sth 依赖或指望某人提供或做某事物: We are looking to you for help. 我们指望你的帮助. * She's regularly looked to for advice. 人家经常徵求她的意见. * Many people are looking to the new government to reduce unemployment. 很多人都寄望新政府能减少失业的人. look to sth make sure that sth is safe or in good condition; be careful about sth 注意或留心某事物: The country must look to its defences. 国家必须注意其防御力量. * You should look to your health. 你应当注意健康. look `up (a) raise one's eyes 仰视: She looked up (from her book) as I entered the room. 我进屋时, 她（放下书）抬眼看了看. (b) (infml 口) (of business, sb's prospects, etc) become better; improve （指商业、 某人的前景等）转好, 改善: Inflation is coming down; unemployment is coming down; things are definitely looking up! 通货膨胀正在缓解, 失业情形正在改善, 形势确实已好转. look sb up (infml 口) visit or contact sb, esp after not having seen him for a long time 看望或接触某人（尤指久别後）: Do look me up the next time you're in London. 你下次到伦敦, 务必来找我. look sth up search for (a word or fact) in a dictionary or reference book （在词典或参考书中）查阅（词或资料）: If you want to know how a word is used, look the word up in the Advanced Learner's Dictionary. 要想了解某词的用法, 查《进修词典》. * Look up the time of the next train in the timetable. 查一下火车时刻表中下一趟车的时间. look up to sb admire or respect sb 赞赏或尊敬某人: She has always looked up to her father. 她一向崇敬父亲. 派生： look interj (used to make sb listen to sth important that one is saying 用以唤起某人注意听要说的重要事情): Look, don't you think you're over-reacting slightly? 喂, 你不认为你的反应有点过火吗?

look7
looker n (infml approv sexist 口, 褒, 性别偏见) attractive girl or woman 漂亮姑娘; 美女: She's a real looker! 她真漂亮! looker-on[7lukEr'Cn; 7lukl'an] n (pl lookers-on)[7lukEz'Cn; 7luklz'an] person who watches sth but does not take part in it; spectator; onlooker 观者; 旁观者. -looking (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having the specified appearance 具有某种外观者: a ,strange-looking `place * She's not ,bad-`looking, ie quite attractive. 她容貌不错. 复合： `look-alike n (often used after a person's name 常用於人名之後) person who has a very similar appearance to sb else 与某人极相似的人: the Prime Minister's look-alike 酷似首相的人 * [attrib 作定语] a Marilyn Monroe look-alike contest 模仿玛丽莲．梦露形像的比赛. `look-in n (idm 习语) (not) give sb/get/have a `look-in (infml 口) (not) give sb/have a chance to participate or succeed in sth （不）给某人[有]参加或完成某事物的机会: She talks so much that the rest of us never get a look-in. 她说话滔滔不绝, 我们都插不上嘴. * He'd love to play for the school team but he never gets a look-in, ie is never chosen. 他倒很愿意参加校队, 可是从未有过机会. `looking-glass n (dated 旧) mirror 镜子. `look-out n 1 [C] place from which sb watches carefully in order to see an enemy, intruder, etc 岗哨（指处所）; 观察所; 了望台: [attrib 作定语] a look-out tower 了望塔. 2 [C] person who watches from such a place 岗哨（指人）; 了望员: We posted several look-outs. 我们部署了几个岗哨. 3 (idm 习语) be a bad, grim, poor, etc look-out (for sb/sth) prospects are bad, etc for sb/sth 某人[某事物]的前景不妙等: It's a bleak look-out for the coal industry as the number of pit closures increases. 煤井关闭的数目日多, 煤炭工业前景暗淡. be `sb's look-out (infml 口) (used to describe an action that is considered irresponsible 用以描述不负责任的行为) be sb's concern or responsibility 为某人的事或责任: If you want to waste your money, that's your `own look-out. 你要乱花钱, 那是你的事. be on the look-out for sb/sth; keep a look-out for sb/sth = look out for sb/sth.

look8
`look-over n [sing] brief examination or inspection （简短的）察看或审阅: Would you give these figures a look-over to check my calculations? 请审阅一下这些数字, 看看我计算得对不对好吗? `look-through n [sing] act of reading sth quickly 浏览; 粗略看一遍: I gave her article a quick look-through. 她的文章我匆匆读过一遍. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: 1 Look (at) means to direct one's eyes towards a particular object *look (at)指使视线接触某物体: Just look at this beautiful present. 快来看看这件漂亮的礼物吧. * I looked in the cupboard but I couldn't find a clean shirt. 我看过了衣橱里边, 但找不到乾净的衬衫. 2 Gaze (at) means to keep one's eyes turned in a particular direction for a long time. *gaze (at)指使视线长时间对着某方向. We can gaze at something without looking at it if our eyes are not focussed 假如视线不集中於某目标, 则虽为gaze at却并非look at: He spent hours gazing into the distance. 他半天一直凝视着远方. * She sat gazing unhappily out of the window. 她坐在那儿闷闷不乐地望着窗外. 3 Stare (at) suggests a long, deliberate, fixed look. *stare (at)指长久的、 有意的、 目不转睛的看. Staring is more intense than gazing and the eyes are often wide open. stare比gaze精神集中, 常指张目注视. It can be impolite to stare at somebody *stare at某人有时是不礼貌的: I don't like being stared at. 我不喜欢人家盯着瞧我. * She stared at me in astonishment. 她惊奇地注视着我. 4 Peer (at) means to look very closely and suggests that it is difficult to see well *peer (at)指仔细看, 含很难看清之意: We peered through the fog at the house numbers. 我们透过雾气细看门牌号码. * He peered at me through thick glasses. 他透过厚厚的眼镜片盯看着我. 5 Gawp (at) means to look at someone or something in a foolish way with the mouth open *gawp (at)指傻头傻脑地张着嘴看某人或某物: What are you gawping at? 你在傻盯着什麽?

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* He just sits there gawping at the television all day! 他整天坐在那儿傻里傻气张着大嘴看电视!

loom
1[lu:m; lum] n machine for weaving cloth 织布机.

loony
[5lu:ni; 5luni] n, adj (sl 俚) (person who is) crazy or eccentric; lunatic 疯狂的; 怪诞的; 疯子; 狂人: * He does have some pretty loony ideas. 他的确有些颇为狂妄的想法. 复合： `loony-bin n (sl joc offensive 俚, 谑, 蔑) mental home or hospital 疯人院.

loop
[lu:p; lup] n 1 (a) shape produced by a curve crossing itself （曲线自绕所成的）环形, 圈: * a double loop like a figure eight 像8字的双圈 * handwriting with loops on many of the letters 把很多字母都写得带圈的笔体. (b) any path or pattern shaped roughly like this 环形的轨迹或图案: * The plane flew round and round in wideloops. 飞机翻着大圈一圈一圈地飞行. (c) length of string, wire, etc in such a shape, usu fastened at the crossing （绳、 金属线等绕成的）环, 结: * a loop of ribbon to carry the package by 包裹上供手提的缎带套. 2 complete circuit for electric current 环形线路. 3 (computing 计) set of instructions carried out repeatedly until some specified condition is satisfied 循环. 4 contraceptive coil 避孕环. 派生： loop v 1 [I, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] form or bend (sth) into a loop or loops 使（某物）成环或圈: strings of lanterns looping/looped between the branches of the trees 绕树穿枝回环成串的灯笼 * looped threads 打圈的线 * loop (up) a rope 把绳子挽成圈. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] fasten or join (sth) with a loop or loops 打环扣系住（某物）; 缠绕: loop the rope round the post 把绳子缠绕在柱子上 * loop the curtains back 卷起 子. 3 (idm 习语) ,loop the `loop (of an aircraft) fly in a complete circle vertically; (of a pilot) cause an aircraft to do this （指飞行器或驾驶员）翻圈飞行, 翻跟头飞行. 复合： `loop-line n railway or telegraph line that leaves the main line and then joins it again （铁路的）会车线; （电信的）回线, 环形线路.

loophole
[5lu:phEul; 5lup7hol] n 1 way of escaping a rule, the terms of a contract, etc, esp one provided by vague or careless wording （规则、 合同条款等的）漏洞, 空子（尤指措辞含混或不严谨所致者）: * A good lawyer can always find a loophole. 精明的律师专会找到漏洞. 2 narrow vertical opening in the wall of a fort, etc for looking or shooting through, or to let light and air in （要塞等的）观察孔, 枪眼, 透光孔, 换气孔.

loopy
[5lu:pi; 5lupi] adj (sl 俚) crazy 疯狂的: * It sounds a pretty loopy idea to me. 那个主意我觉得有点异想天开.

loose
1[lu:s; lus] adj (-r, -st) 1 freed from control; not tied up 自由的; 不受束缚的; 松开的: * The cows had got out of the field and were (roaming) loose in the road. 牛从牧场窜出, 在公路上自由自在（到处）走动. =>Usage 见所附用法. 2 (that can be) detached from its place; not firmly fixed （能）除下的; 不牢固的: * Be careful with that saucepan the handle's loose. 小心那个长把儿锅--把儿可松了. * a rope hanging loose 松垂的绳子 * a loose tooth, thread, screw 松动的牙齿、 线、 螺钉. 3 not fastened together; not held or contained in sth 未系在一起的; 零散的: * loose change, ie coins carried eg in a pocket 零钱 * nails sold loose by weight, ie not in a packet 按重量零售的钉子. 4 not organized strictly 组织不严密的: * a loose confederation of states 松散的联邦 * a loose symphonic structure 结构松散的交响乐曲. 5 not exact; vague 不精确的; 含混的: * a loose translation 不准确的译文 * loose thinking 不严密的思想. 6 (a) physically slack; not tense 松弛的; 不紧张的: * loose skin 松弛的皮肤 * have loose bowels, ie suffer from diarrhoea 腹泻. (b) not tight or constricting 不紧的; 未收紧的: * a loose collar 宽松的衣领. =>Usage 见所附用法. 7 not compact or dense in texture 不致密的; 疏松的: * cloth with a loose weave 织得稀疏的布 * loose soil 松土. 8 [esp attrib 尤作定语] (of talk, behaviour, etc) not sufficiently controlled （指言行等）不严谨的, 放荡的: * loose conduct 放荡的行为 * lead a loose and dissolute life 过荒淫放荡的生活 * a loose (ie immoral) woman 放荡的女子. 9 (of play in a game) careless and inaccurate （指比赛中的表现）不经心的, 马虎的: * some rather loose bowling, ie in cricket （板球中）漫不经心的投球. 10 (idm 习语) all hell broke/was let loose => hell. at a loose `end; US also at loose ends having nothing to do; not knowing what to do 无事做; 不知做什麽好:

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* Come and see us if you're at a loose end. 闲着的时候到我们这儿来坐坐. break `loose (from sb/sth) escape confinement or restriction 挣脱束缚或限制: * The dog has broken loose, ie got free from its chain. 那狗挣脱链子跑了. * break loose from tradition 挣脱传统的束缚. come/work `loose (of a fastening, bolt, etc) become unfastened or insecure （指扣件、 闩等）松开, 不牢固. cut `loose (infml 口) act, speak, etc freely and without restraint （行动、 说话等）自由, 无约束: * He really cut loose and told me what he thought of me. 他单刀直入说出对我的看法. cut sth/sb loose (from sth) make sth/sb separate or free 使某事物[某人]分开或摆脱束缚: * cut a boat loose 砍断缆索放船行 * cut oneself loose from one's family 摆脱家庭的束缚. have a loose `tongue be in the habit of talking too freely 说话太随便; 嘴不紧. have a screw loose => screw n. let sb/sth loose release sb/sth 释放某人[某物]: * Don't let that dog loose among the sheep. 不要放任那条狗在羊群中乱窜. * Just close your eyes and let loose your imagination. 闭上眼睛, 海阔天空地遐想一番吧. let sb loose on sth allow sb to do as he likes with sth 放任某人做某事物: * I daren't let Bill loose on the garden he'd pull up all the flowers. 我不敢把比尔放到花园去--他会把花全都拔掉的. play fast and `loose (with sb) behave dishonestly or deceitfully 玩弄; 欺诈. 派生： loose- (in compounds 用以构成复合词) loosely 不受束缚地; 松开地; 不牢固地; 不严密地; 不精确地; 不紧地; 放荡地: loose-fitting clothes. loosely adv in a loose manner 不受束缚地; 松开地; 不牢固地; 不严密地; 不精确地; 不紧地; 放荡地: loosely speaking, ie in general 笼统地说 * loosely translated 粗略地翻译. looseness n [U]. 复合： `loose box stall in which a horse can move about freely 可供马自由活动的马厩. `loose covers removable covers for chairs, etc （椅子等的）活套.

loose2
,loose-`leaf adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] (of a note-book, etc) with pages that can be removed separately and replaced （指笔记本等）活页的. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: The adjective loose has several senses. 形容词loose有几个义项. Two of these are 1 `not tied up' and 2 `not tight' 其中两项是1未拴住的, 2不紧的: The dogs are loose in the garden. 狗在花园里都没拴着. * a tight/loose shirt, dress, belt, etc 紧身的[宽松的]衬衫、 连衣裙、 皮带等. The verb loose (also unloose) relates to the first sense and means `set free' 动词loose（及unloose）与第一义有关, 意为‘使不受约束’: The guard loosed the dogs when the burglar alarm went off. 防盗警报器一响, 警卫就放出了警犬. The verb loosen (also unloosen) relates to the second sense and means `make loose' 动词loosen（及unloosen）与第二义有关, 意为‘使松开’: After the huge meal he loosened his belt and went to sleep. 他饱餐一顿以後就松开腰带睡着了. Note that the verb lose (pt lost, pp lost) is unconnected with loose or loosen. 注意, 动词lose（过去式lost, 过去分词lost）与loose或loosen无关.

loosen
[5lu:sn; 5lusn] v 1 [I, Tn] become or make loose or looser 变松; 使松; 放松: * Can you loosen the lid of this jar? 你能把这个瓶盖松开吗? * This knot keeps loosening. 这个结老松开. * medicine to loosen a cough, ie help bring up the phlegm 止咳祛痰药. =>Usage at loose1 用法见loose1. 2 (idm 习语) loosen/tighten the purse-strings => purse1. loosen sb's `tongue make sb talk freely 使某人无拘束地谈话: * Wine soon loosened his tongue. 他喝过酒话就多了. 3 (phr v) loosen (sth) up (cause sth to) relax （使某事物）放松: * You should loosen up (your muscles) before playing any sport. 运动之前应先放松（肌肉）. * Don't be so nervous loosen up a bit. 别那麽紧张--放松一点.

loot
[lu:t; lut] n [U] 1 goods (esp private property) taken from an enemy in war, or stolen by thieves 战利品, 掠夺品（尤指私人财物）; 赃物. 2 (infml 口) money; wealth 钱; 财物. 派生： loot v (a) [I] carry off loot 抢劫; 劫掠: soldiers killing and looting wherever they went 到处屠杀劫掠的士兵. (b) [Tn] take (sth) as loot; take loot from (buildings, etc left unprotected, eg after a violent event) 掠夺（某物）; 抢劫（建 物等）: The mob looted many shops in the area. 暴徒在该地抢劫了许多商店. Cf 参看 pillage, plunder. looter n: Looters will be shot on sight. 打劫者格杀勿论.

lop
[lCp; lap] v (-pp-) 1 [Tn] cut branches, twigs, etc off (a tree) 剪去, 砍去（树）枝等. 2 (phr v) lop sth off/away remove (branches, twigs, etc) from a tree, etc by cutting （从树上等）剪除, 砍掉（树枝等）: * He had his arm lopped off by an electric saw. 他让电锯给锯掉了一条胳膊.

lope
[lEup; lop] v [I, Ip] run fairly fast with long bounding strides 跳跃着大步跑: * The tiger loped off into the jungle. 那老虎跑进丛林中去了. 派生： lope n (usu sing 通常作单数) long bounding step or stride 大步; 阔步: move at a steady lope 迈着稳健的大步行走.

lopsided
[7lCp 'saidid; 5lap'saidid] adj with one side lower, smaller, etc than the other; unevenly balanced 一侧比另侧低、 小等的; 两侧不平衡的; 不匀称的: * a,lopsided `grin 歪着嘴笑.

loquacious
[lE'kweiFEs; lo'kweFEs] adj (fml 文) fondof talking; talkative 爱说话的; 多话的. > loquaciouslyadv. loquaciousness, loquacity/lE'kwsEti; lo'kwAsEti] ns [U].

loquat
[5lEukwCt, 'lCkwt; 5lokwat] n [C] (a) ornamental tree, common in China and Japan, having small yellow edible fruit 枇杷. (b) fruit of this tree 枇杷果.

lord
[lC:d; lCrd] n 1 [C] master; male ruler 君主; 王: * our sovereign lord the king 国王陛下. 2 [sing] (a) the Lord God; Christ 上帝; 耶稣基督. (b) Our Lord Christ 主; 耶稣基督. 3 (a) [C] nobleman （男性）贵族: * She married a lord. 她嫁给了一个贵族. (b) the Lords [singor pl v] (Brit) (members of) the House of Lords (house1 4) 上议院; 上议院议员: * The Lords is/are debating the issue. 上议院正在辩论这事. 4 Lord [C] (Brit) (a) title of certain high officials 阁下, 大人（对某些高级官员的尊称）: * the Lords of the Treasury 财政部诸大臣 * the First Lord of the Admiralty 海军大臣 * the Lord Mayor of London 伦敦市长. (b) title prefixed to the names of peers and barons 勋爵（用在贵族和男爵的姓名之前）: * Lord Derby, ie the title of the Earl of Derby 德比勋爵（德比伯爵的尊称）. (c) My Lord respectful form of address to certain noblemen, judges and bishops 大人, 阁下（对某些贵族、 法官、 主教等的直接尊称）. 5 (idm 习语) drunk as a lord => drunk. good `Lord interj (expressing surprise, etc 表示惊讶等). live like a lord => live2. one's ,lord and `master (joc 谑) one's husband 丈夫; 夫君. `Lord knows nobody can say 谁也说不好; 天知道: * Lord knows where he dug up that dreadful story. 天知道他那讨厌的故事是从哪里找来的. year of our Lord => year. 派生： lord v (phr v) lord it over sb behave in a superior or domineering way to sb 对某人发威或专横: He likes to lord it over the junior staff. 他喜欢对下级职员逞威风. 复合： the ,lord of the `manor (in the Middle Ages) master from whom men held land and to whom they owed service （中世纪时的）庄园领主. the `Lord's Day Sunday 主日; 星期日. the ,Lord's `Prayer the prayer taught by Christ to his disciples, beginning `Our Father' 主祷文. ,Lords `spiritual (Brit) bishops and archbishops in the House of Lords 上议院中的神职议员（主教和大主教）.

lord1
,Lords `temporal (Brit) noblemen in the House of Lords who inherit their titles or are given them for life 上议院中的世俗议员（世袭贵族或终身贵族）.

lordly
[5lC:dli; 5lCrdli] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 haughty; insolent in a superior way 傲慢的; 神气活现的: * dismiss people with a lordly gesture 颐指气使让大家离去. 2 suitable for a lord; magnificent 贵族气派的; 堂皇的: * a lordly mansion 堂皇的宅第. > lordliness n [U].

lordship
[5lC:dFip; 5lCrdFip] n 1 [C] title used in speaking to or about a man of the rank of `Lord' 大人, 阁下, 爵爷, 老爷（称呼或提到有爵位身分的人时用的敬称）: * his/your lordship 爵爷大人 * their lordships 老爷 * (joc 谑) Would your lordship like a cup of tea? 阁下是否用茶? 2 [U] ~ (over sb/sth) (dated fml 旧, 文) authority; rule 权威; 统治.

lore
[lC:(r); lCr] n [U] knowledge and traditions about a subject or possessed by a particular group of people （某学科的或某部分人的）学问和传统: * `bird lore 对鸟类的知识 * `folklore 民俗学 * `gypsy lore 吉卜赛人的学问和传统 * `Celtic lore 凯尔特人的传说.

lorgnette
[lC:'njet; lCrn'jet] n pair of eye-glasses held to the eyes on a long handle 长柄眼镜.

lorn
[lC:n; lCrn] adj (arch or joc 古或谑) lonely and sad 孤寂而凄凉的.

lorry
[5lCri; - 'lC:ri; 5lCri] n (Brit) (also esp US truck) large strong motor vehicle for transporting goods, soldiers, etc by road 卡车: * an army lorry 军用卡车 * [attrib 作定语] a lorry driver 卡车司机. => illus 见插图.

lose
[lu:z; luz] v (pt, pp lost/lCst; - lC:st; lCst] ) 1 [Tn] have (sth/sb) taken away from one by accident, misfortune, old age, death, etc 失去, 丧失, 损失（某事物[某人]）: * lose all one's money at cards 玩纸牌把钱输光 * lose a leg in an industrial accident 在一次工业事故中失去一条腿 * lose one's hair, teeth, good looks, ie as a result of ageing 失去头发、 牙齿、 美貌（如因年老） * He lost both his sons (ie They were killed) in the war. 他的两个儿子都在战争中死了. * She's just lost her husband, ie He has died recently. 她的丈夫刚去世. * lose one's job 失业. 2 [Tn] no longer have or maintain (esp a moral or mental quality) 不再有（尤指道德或精神的素质）: * lose one's confidence, composure, etc 失去信心、 稳定的情绪等 * The train was losing speed. 火车渐渐减速. * lose interest in sth/sb, ie cease to be interested or attracted 对某事物[某人]失去兴趣 * He's lost ten pounds in weight. 他体重减了十磅. * lose one's balance/equilibrium 失去平衡[均势] * She's losing colour, ie becoming pale. 她脸色渐渐苍白了. * I warn you, I'm rapidly losing patience, ie becoming impatient. 我警告你, 我可没那麽多耐性了. 3 [Tn] become unable to find 遗失; 失落: * I've lost my keys. 我的钥匙丢了. * The books seem to be lost/to have got lost. 那些书好像不见了. * She lost her husband in the crowd. 她和她丈夫在人群中走散了. 4 [Tn] (a) fail to obtain or catch (sth) 得不到或未捉住（某事物）: * His words were lost (ie could not be heard) in the applause. 他的话让掌声淹没了. (b) (infml 口) be no longer understood by (sb) 使（某人）弄不懂: * I'm afraid you've lost me. 对不起, 我不明白了. 5 [Tn] (infml 口) escape from (sb/sth); elude 逃避（某人[某事物]）; 躲避: * We managed to lose our pursuers in the darkness. 我们趁黑摆脱了追踪的人.

lose1
* You see that car following us? Well, lose it! 看见那辆跟着咱们的汽车了吗? 来, 甩掉它! 6 (a) [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (to sb) be defeated; fail to win (a contest, a lawsuit, an argument, etc) 输; 失败; 未赢得（竞赛、 官司、 辩论等）: * It's only the second time the team has lost (a match) this season. 那仅仅是本赛季该队第二次失利而已. * We lost to a stronger side. 我们输给了实力更强的一方. * They won the battle but lost the war. 他们赢了这次战斗, 但输了这场战争. * lose a motion, ie fail to carry it in a debate 动议未通过. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sth/sb) have sth taken away (by sth/sb) 丧失某事物（由某事物[某人]获得）: * Railways have lost much of their business to the bus companies. 铁路公司许多生意让汽车公司夺走了. 7 [Tn] have to give up or forfeit (sth) 被迫放弃或失去（某事物）: * The Labour candidate lost his deposit, ie did not obtain the minimum number of votes necessary in an election. 那个工党候选人失去了老本（未得到最低获选票数）. * lose one's no-claim bonus, eg by making an insurance claim following an accident 失去保险金无索偿优惠（如因发生事故後曾索赔）. 8 [Tn] waste (time or an opportunity) 浪费（时间或机会）: * We lost twenty minutes through having to change a tyre. 我们因为换轮胎损失了二十分钟. * There's no time to lose, ie We must hurry. 没有时间了（必须赶快）. 9 (a) [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (on sth/by doing sth) become poorer (as a result of sth) （由某事物导致）亏损, 变差: * We lost (a lot) on that deal. 我们那笔生意受到（很大）损失. * Poetry always loses (something) in translation. 诗歌一经翻译总有所失. * You will lose nothing by telling the truth. 说实话并不吃亏. (b) [Dn.n] cause (sb) to be without or forfeit (sth) 使（某人）失去或丧失（某事物）: * His carelessness lost him the job. 他因粗心大意而丢了工作.

lose2
* Such behaviour will lose you everyone's sympathy. 你这种表现大家就不会同情你了. 10 [I, Tn] (of a watch or clock) go too slowly by (an amount of time) （指钟表）慢（若干时间）: * A good watch neither gains nor loses. 好表不快也不慢. * This clock loses two minutes (ie becomes two minutes behind the correct time) a day. 这钟一天慢两分钟. 11 (idm 习语) fight a losing battle => fight1. find/lose favour with sb/in sb's eyes => favour1. find/lose one's voice/tongue => find1. give/lose ground =>ground1. heads I win, tails you lose => head1. keep/lose one's balance => balance1. keep/lose one's cool => cool1. keep/lose count => count2. keep/lose one's temper => temper1. keep/lose track of sb/sth => track. lose all `reason become irrational or illogical 失去理智; 不讲道理: * He lost all reason and started abusing his opponent. 他蛮不讲理, 大骂对手. lose one's `bearings become lost or confused 蒙头转向; 不知所措; 惶惑. lose one's `breath pant for breath, eg after running hard 气喘咻咻; 上气不接下气. lose `caste (with/among sb) lose status or respect 丧失地位; 为人轻视. lose `courage become depressed or fearful; despair 丧失勇气; 沮丧; 害怕; 绝望. lose `face be humiliated; lose credit or reputation 丢脸; 受屈辱; 丧失声誉. lose one's grip (on sth) be unable to understand or control a situation, etc 无法掌握或控制局势等: * I think the Prime Minister may be losing his grip. 我认为首相可能控制不住局面了. lose one's `head become confused or over-excited 昏了头; 张皇失措; 冲动: * Don't lose your head keep calm! 别惊慌失措的--沉住气! lose `heart become discouraged 泄气; 灰心. lose one's `heart (to sb/sth) fall in love 爱上; 锺情於. lose one's `life be killed 丧生; 遇害. lose one's `marbles (sl 俚) go mad; no longer behavesensibly or rationally 发疯; 丧失理智; 行事无理性. lose/waste no time in doing sth => time1. lose one's `place (in a book, etc) be unable to find the point at which one stopped reading （在书中等）忘记上次读到的地方. lose one's `rag (infml 口) express one's anger, impatience, etc in an uncontrolled way 发脾气; 按捺不住. lose one's `seat (a) have the place where one was sitting taken by another person 座位被占.

lose3
(b) (of a Member of Parliament) fail to be re-elected （指议员）未获连选. lose one's `shirt (infml 口) lose all one's money, esp as a result of gambling or speculation 输光所有的钱, 赔光本钱（尤指赌博或投机）: * He lost his shirt on the horses. 他赌马把钱输光了. lose sight of sb/sth (a) no longer be able to see sb/sth 看不见某人[某物]: * lose sight of land 看不见陆地. (b) overlook sth; fail to consider sth 忽略或未考虑某事物: * We must not lose sight of the fact that... 我们不应忽视的事实是... * Our original aims have been lost sight of. 我们原来的目标已无影无踪了. lose the thread (of sth) be unable to follow an argument, story, etc 失去（议论故事等的）头绪. lose one's `touch no longer have the abilities, etc that once made one successful 丧失以前的能力等. lose touch (with sb/sth) no longer be in contact with sb/sth 失去和某人[某事物]的联系: * I've lost touch with all my old friends. 我和所有的老朋友都失去了联系. * Let us not lose touch with reality. 我们不要脱离现实. lose one's `way become lost 迷路: * We lost our way in the dark. 我们在黑暗中迷了路. lose/take off weight => weight. a losing `battle/`game struggle/contest in which defeat seems certain 不能获胜的争斗[比赛]: * It's a losing battle trying to persuade Henry to take more exercise. 要说服亨利多运动纯属徒劳. not lose sleep/lose no sleep over sth not worry unduly about sth 不为某事物操心: * It's not worth losing sleep over. 不值得多虑. win/lose by a neck => neck. win or lose => win. a winning/losing streak => streak n. win/lose the toss => toss n. 12 (phr v) lose oneself in sth become totally absorbed in sth 专心致志於某事物: * I soon lost myself in the excitement of the film. 影片中的刺激情节很快就把我吸引住了. lose `out (on sth) (infml 口) be unsuccessful; suffer loss 不成功; 受损失:

lose4
* If things go wrong I'm the one who'll lose out, not you. 事情若有差错, 受损的是我, 不是你. lose out to sb/sth (infml 口) be overcome or replaced by sb/sth 被某人[某事物]战胜或取代: * Has the cinema lost out to TV? 电影是不是让电视给取代了? =>Usage at loose1 用法见loose1. 派生： loser n person who loses or is defeated, esp habitually 受损失者, 输者, 失败者（尤指一贯如此者）: a good/bad loser, ie one who accepts defeat well/badly 输得起[输不起]的人 * a born loser, ie sb who regularly fails in life 天生的庸才.

loss
[lCs; - lC:s; lCs] n 1 [U] act, instance or process of losing 丧失; 遗失; 损失: * loss of blood, health, prestige, money 丧失血液、 健康、 威信、 钱财 * The loss (ie death) of his wife was a great blow to him. 他妻子去世对他打击很大. * without (any) loss of time （毫）不失时 * a temporary loss of power 暂时失势 * The loss of this contract would be very serious. 未能签成这一合同关系重大. 2 [C] (a) person or thing lost 损失的人或物: * heat loss 热量损失 * The enemy suffered heavy losses, ie many men killed, etc or much equipment destroyed. 敌军损失惨重. * The car was so badly damaged that it had to be abandoned as a total loss. 汽车损坏严重, 只好彻底报废. (b) money lost in a business deal, etc （生意等的）亏损的钱: * made a loss on the deal 这笔交易赔了钱 * sell sth at a loss, ie for less than it cost 亏本出售某物 * suffer losses in the export market 在出口市场中亏损. 3 [sing] suffering caused by losing sb/sth; disadvantage （因失去某人[某事物]而致的）损失, 不利: * Her departure is a great loss to the orchestra. 她离去是管弦乐队的一大损失. * It's no loss, ie Its loss does not matter. 那算不上损失. 4 (idm 习语) at a `loss not knowing what to do or say; perplexed or puzzled 不知如何是好; 茫然; 困惑: * It left him at a complete loss (for words). 这使他完全茫然（而语塞）了. * I'm at a loss what to do next. 我不知道下一步怎麽办. cut one's `losses abandon a scheme that causes loss before one loses too much 中止某计画以免损失更大. a dead loss => dead. 复合： ,loss-`leader n (commerce 商) article sold at a loss to attract customers to buy other goods （为招徕顾客）亏本出售的商品.

lost
1 pt, pp of lose.

lot
1[lCt; lat] n [Gp] (infml 口) the `lot, all the `lot, the whole `lot the whole number or amount (of sb/sth) 全体; 全部; 总量: * That's the lot! 就这些! * Take all the lot if you want. 你想要就全部拿去. * The whole lot was/were discovered in a field. 那些全是在一田地发现的. * I want the lot (ie all) of you to get out of my house. 我要你们全滚出我家. * He expects a good salary, a company car, first-class air travel the lot. 他想要可观的薪水、 公司的汽车、 头等的机票--一应俱全.

loth
= loath.

lotion
[5lEuFn; 5loFEn] n [C, U] liquid medicine or cosmetic for use on the skin （外用的）药液; （化妆用的）润肤液: * soothing lotions for insect bites 虫咬止痛药水 * a bottle of cleansing lotion for the face 一瓶洁面液.

lottery
[5lCtEri; 5latEri] n 1 [C] way of raising money by selling numbered tickets and giving prizes to the holders of numbers selected at random （发行彩票）抽彩给奖（筹款法）: * [attrib 作定语] a `lottery ticket 彩票. Cf 参看 draw1 1, raffle. 2 [sing] (fig 比喻) thing whose success, outcome, etc is determined by luck 碰运气的事: * Some people think that marriage is a lottery. 有些人认为婚姻是缘分.

lotto
[5lCtEu; 5lato] n [U] game of chance similar to bingo but with the numbers drawn by the players instead of being called 洛托（一种赌博游戏）.

lotus
[5lEutEs; 5lotEs] n (pl ~es) 1 type of tropical water-lily 莲: * [attrib 作定语] lotus flowers/blooms 莲花 * lotus blossom 莲花开花期. 2 (in Greek legends) fruit that makes those who eat it lazily and dreamily contented （希腊神话中的）落柘枣（食後产生懒怠与梦幻的满足感）. 复合： `lotus position way of sitting cross-legged, used when meditating, in yoga, etc 打坐（瑜伽等盘膝端坐的姿势）.

loud
[laud; laud] adj (-er, -est) 1 producing much noise; easily heard 喧闹的; 响亮的: * loud voices, screams, laughs, etc 宏亮的嗓音、 喊声、 笑声等 * That music's too loud; please turn it down. 那音乐太吵人了; 请把音量调低些. 2 (derog 贬) (of colours, behaviour, etc) forcing people to notice them/it （指颜色、 行为等）引人注目的, 刺眼的: * That dress is a bit loud (ie gaudy), isn't it? 那件连衣裙有点花哨吧? * His manner is too loud.他那样子太招摇. 3 (idm 习语) be loud in one's praise(s) (of sb/sth) praise sb/sth very highly 盛赞某人[某事物]. 派生： loud adv (-er, -est) 1 (used esp with talk, sing, laugh, etc 尤与talk、 sing、 laugh等动词连用) in a loud manner 喧闹地; 响亮地: laugh loud and long 大笑不已 * Speak louder I can't hear you. 大点声说--我听不见. * Their baby screamed loudest of all. 他们的孩子哭叫起来声音最大. 2 (idm 习语) actions speak louder than words => action. for crying out loud => cry1. ,out `loud aloud 出声地; 大声地: Don't whisper; if you've got something to say, say it out loud. 别叽咕了, 有什麽要说的大声说吧. loudly adv: a dog barking loudly 大声吠叫的狗 * loudly dressed 穿得花哨的. loudness n [U] 复合： ,loud`hailer n (US bullhorn) portable electronic device for amplifying the sound of sb's voice so that it can be heard at a great distance 便携式扩音器; 电子喇叭: use a loudhailer to address the crowd 用电子喇叭向人群讲话. `loud-mouth n (infml 口) person who talks too loudly or too much, esp boastingly 大声说话的人; 多嘴的人; （尤指）爱吹牛的人. `loud-mouthed adj. ,loud`speaker (also speaker) n part of a radio, record-player, etc that changes electrical impulses into audible sounds 扩音器; 扬声器.

lough
[lCk, lCx; lak, lax] n (Irish 爱尔兰) lake or long inlet of the sea 湖; 海湾. Cf 参看 loch.

lounge
[laundV; laundV] v [I, Ipr, Ip] sit or stand in a lazy way, esp leaning against sth; loll 懒洋洋地坐或立（尤指倚靠某物）: * lounge about/around (the house) （在家里）发懒 * lounging at street corners 在街头闲荡. 派生： lounge n 1 waiting-room at an airport, etc （机场等的）等候室: the departure lounge 候机室. 2 public sitting-room in a hotel, club, etc （旅馆、 俱乐部等的）休息室. 3 (Brit) sitting-room, with comfortable chairs, in a private house （私宅中有沙发等的）起居室. 4 = lounge bar. lounger n lazy or idle person 懒惰闲散的人; 游手好闲者. 复合： `lounge bar (Brit) (US sa`loon bar) smarter, and usu more expensive, bar in a pub, hotel, etc 豪华酒吧. Cf 参看 public bar (public). `lounge-suit n (Brit) man's suit with matching jacket and trousers, worn esp in offices and on more formal occasions （男子的）成套西服（尤指在办公室和较正式场合中穿的）.

lour
(also lower)[5lauE(r); laur] v [I, Ipr] ~ (at/on sb/sth) (a) look threatening; frown 作怒相; 皱眉: * louring looks 怫然不悦的神情. (b) (of the sky, clouds, etc) look dark, as if threatening a storm （指天气、 云等）变阴暗（似预示暴风雨）.

louse
[laus; laus] n 1 (pl lice/lais; lais] ) (a) small insect living on the bodies of animals and human beings, esp in dirty conditions . (b) similar insect living on plants （靠植物生活的）小昆虫. 2 (pl ~s) (sl 俚) contemptible person 可鄙的人. 派生： louse v (phr v) louse sth up (infml 口) spoil sth; ruin sth 搞糟或弄坏某事物: You've really loused things up this time. 这回你可真把事情搞糟了.

lousy
[5lauzi; 5lauzi] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 infested with lice 多 的. 2 (infml 口) very bad or ill 极坏的; 极不适的: * a lousy holiday 极糟的假日 * I feel lousy. 我觉得很不舒服. 3 [pred 作表语] ~ with sth/sb (sl 俚) having more than enough of sth/sb 大量; 多: * In August the place is lousy with tourists. 八月里这地方游客多如牛毛.

lout
[laut; laut] n clumsy vulgar man or youth with bad manners 粗鄙的男子或青年. 派生： loutish adj of or like a lout （似）粗鄙之人的: loutish behaviour 粗鄙的行为.

louvre
(also louver)[5lu:vE(r); 5luvl] n (a) one of a set of fixed or movable strips of wood, metal, etc arranged to let air in while keeping light or rain out （一条）百叶窗板. (b) set of such strips inside a supporting frame （一套）百叶窗板. > louvred (also louvered) adj: * a louvred door 百叶门.

lovable
[5lQvEbl; 5lQvEbl] adj easy to love; worthy of love 可爱的; 惹人爱的; 值得爱的: * a lovable puppy 可爱的小狗 * He's such a lovable rascal! 他真是个讨人喜欢的小坏蛋!

love
1[lQv; lQv] n 1 [U] warm liking or affection; affectionatedevotion 喜爱; 热爱; 锺爱: * a mother's love for her children 母亲对其子女的爱 * love of (one's) country, ie patriotism 对祖国的热爱 * She has a great love for animals. 她酷爱动物. * He shows little love towards her. 他没怎麽表现出喜爱她. 2 [U] sexual affection or passion 性爱; 恋爱; 爱情: * marry for love, not money 为爱情而非为金钱结婚 * Their love has cooled, ie is no longer strong. 他们的爱情冷却了. 3 [U] (religion 宗) (in Christianity) God's benevolence towards mankind （基督教中）（上帝的）博爱, 慈爱. 4 [U, sing] strong liking for sth 酷爱某事物: * a love of learning, adventure, music 酷爱学习、 冒险、 音乐. 5 [C] person who is loved; sweetheart 恋人; 情人; 爱人: * Take care, my love. 小心, 亲爱的. * one of my former loves 我从前的一个情人 * (joc 谑) with his lady love, ie his girlfriend or wife 带着他的爱人（女友或妻）. 6 [C] (infml 口) delightful person or thing 招人喜爱的人或物: * What a love her daughter is! 她女儿多麽可爱呀! * Isn't this hat a perfect love? 这顶帽子挺可爱吧? 7 [C] (Brit infml 口) (form of address used by a man to a woman or child (not necessarily a friend), or by a woman to a person of either sex 男人用以称呼（不一定相识的）女子或儿童; 女子用以称呼他人（男女均可）): * Mind your head, love! 喂, 小心你的头! 8 [U] (in tennis) no score; nil （网球）零分: * love all, ie neither player or pair has scored 零比零 * The score in the game on Court One is thirty-love. 一号球场上的比分是叁十比零. 9 (idm 习语) be in love (with sb) feel affection and desire (for sb) 热恋着（某人）: * They're very much in love (with each other). 他们（彼此）在热恋中. * I'm madly in love with her. 我爱她爱得发狂. be in love with sth be very fond of sth 喜爱某事物:

love1
* a city in love with its own past love2 /// 派生： loveless adj without love 没有爱的: a loveless marriage 没有爱情的婚姻. 复合： `love-affair n romantic or sexual relationship between two people who are in love （两人相爱的）风流韵事, 性关系. `love-bird n 1 small brightly-coloured parrot that seems to show great affection for its mate 情鸟; 情侣鹦鹉. 2 (usu pl 通常作复数) (infml 口) person who is very much in love 热恋中的人: Come along, you two love-birds! 快点吧, 你们这一对恩爱情侣! `love-child n (euph 婉) child of unmarried parents 私生子. love-`hate relationship intense emotional relationship involving feelings of both love and hate 爱恨交加的强烈感情关系. `love-letter n letter between two people expressing the love of one for the other 情书. `lovelorn[-lC:n; -7lCrn] adj unhappy because one's love is not returned 失恋的. `love-making n [U] sexual play between two lovers, esp including sexual intercourse 做爱; （尤指）性交. `love-match n marriage made because the two people are in love with each other 爱情的结合; 恋爱结婚. `love-potion (also `love-philtre) n (in stories) magic drink supposed to make the person who drinks it fall in love （故事中）（饮後可产生爱情的）春药. `love-seat n small sofa in the shape of an S, with two seats facing in opposite directions 情人椅（供两人对坐的S形小沙发）. `lovesick adj weak or ill because of being in love 受爱情折磨而憔悴的; 害相思病的. `love-song n song expressing or describing love 情歌; 恋歌. `love-story n story or novel in which the main theme is romantic love 爱情小说; 恋爱故事.

lovely
[5lQvli; 5lQvli] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 beautiful; attractive 可爱的; 美丽的; 动人的: * a lovely view, voice, woman 可爱的景色、 嗓音、 女子 * lovely hair, weather, music 秀发、 可爱的天气、 动人的音乐. 2 (infml 口) enjoyable; pleasant 令人愉快的; 快乐的: * a lovely dinner, time, story 可口的饭菜、 过得愉快、 有趣的故事 * It's lovely and warm (ie pleasant because warm) in here. 这儿的天气温暖宜人. 3 (idm 习语) everything in the garden is lovely => garden. 派生：loveliness n [U]. lovely n (infml 口) pretty woman 美女: a couple of television lovelies 电视中的两个美女.

lover
[5lQvE(r); 5lQvl] n 1 [C] partner (usu a man) in a sexual relationship outside marriage （婚外恋的）伴侣, 情人（通常指男性）: * They say he used to be her lover. 据说他曾是她的婚外情人. * She's taken a new lover. 她有了新的外遇情人. Cf 参看 mistress 4. 2 lovers [pl] two people who are in love or having a sexual relationship though not married 一对情侣（恋爱中的或未婚而有性关系的）: * young lovers strolling in the park 在公园漫步的年轻情侣 * They met on holiday and soon became lovers. 他们在度假时结识, 不久便成了情侣. 3 [C] (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) person who likes or enjoys sth specified 爱好者; 热爱者: * a lover of music, horses, good wine 爱好音乐、 马匹、 美酒的人 * art-lovers 艺术爱好者.

loving
[5lQviN; 5lQviN] adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] feeling or showing love 爱的; 表示爱意的; 亲爱的: * a loving friend 亲爱的朋友 * loving words 体贴的话. > lovingly adv. 复合： `loving-cup n large wine-cup passed from person to person at a banquet, etc, so that everyone may drink from it 爱杯（宴席上供轮流饮酒的大杯）. ,loving-`kindness n [U] (arch 古) tender consideration or care 慈爱; 爱护.

low
1[lEu; lo] adj (-er, -est) 1 not high or tall; not extending far upwards 低的; 矮的: * a low wall, ceiling, tree 矮的墙、 天花板、 树 * a low range of hills 低矮的冈峦 * flying at a low altitude 在低空飞行 * The sun is low in the sky. 太阳很低. * a low brow, ie with hair-line and eyebrows close together 低前额（发线与眼眉靠得近者） * a dress low in the neck/a low-necked dress, ie one leaving the upper part of the breasts and much of the shoulders bare 领口低的连衣裙（袒胸露臂的）. 2 below the usual or normal level, amount, intensity, etc 低於通常或正常水平、 数量、 强度等的: * low wages, taxes, prices, etc 低的工资、 税率、 价格等 * low temperature 低温 * low pressure, eg of the atmosphere, of gas or water piped to houses, of blood 低压（如气压、 煤气或自来水压、 血压） * low cloud 低云 * The surrounding land is low (ie not far above sea-level) and marshy. 周围的地低洼而多沼泽. * a low-density housing estate, ie one with comparatively few houses in the space available 低密度的住宅区（房屋较少） * The reservoir was very low after the long drought. 久旱之後水库的水位很低了. 3 ranking below others in importance or quality （在重要性或质量上）低於或劣於其他的: * upper and lower classes of society 社会的上下阶层 * of low birth 出身低贱的 * low forms of life, ie creatures having a relatively simple structure 低等的生物 * low-grade fuel 低级燃料. 4 vulgar or coarse 鄙俗的; 粗俗的: * low manners, tastes, etc 粗俗的举止、 低级趣味 * He keeps low company. 他结交庸俗的朋友. * low comedy, ie a crude form of farce 低级的喜剧 * low cunning, ie immoral and selfish cleverness 下流的诡计. 5 (of sound or a voice) not high in pitch; deep （指声音）不尖的, 深沉的: * A man's voice is usually lower than a woman's. 男子的嗓音通常比女子的低.

low1
6 not loud 小声的; 低沉的: * a low rumble of thunder 低沉的隆隆雷声 * Keep your voice low. 要小声说话. 7 lacking in vigour; feeble or depressed 无生气的; 衰弱的; 情绪低的: * in a low state of health 身体虚弱 * feel low/in low spirits/low-spirited 觉得情绪低落. 8 (of a gear) allowing a slower speed of a vehicle in relation to its engine speed （指变速器）低挡的: * You'll need to change into a lower gear when going up this hill. 上这座山时得换低挡. 9 (idm 习语) at a low `ebb in a poor state; worse than usual 处於低潮; 情况不佳; 比平时差: * Her spirits were at a very low ebb, ie She was very depressed. 她的情绪极度低落. be/run `low (on sth) (of supplies) be/become almost exhausted; have almost exhausted the supplies (of sth) （指供应品）几乎耗尽:The petrol's running low. 汽油快用完了. * We're (running) low on petrol. 我们的汽油不多了. a high/low profile => profile. lay sb/sth `low (a) bring sb/sth into a flat or horizontal position 使某人[某物]倒下或平卧: * He laid his opponent low with a single punch. 他一拳就把对手打倒在地. (b) weaken or destroy 使衰弱或毁灭: * The whole family was laid low by/with (ie was ill and in bed with) flu. 全家都因流感病倒在床上. 派生： `lowermost adj lowest 最低的; 最下的. lowness n [U]. 复合： ,Low `Church section of the Church of England that gives little importance to ritual and the authority of bishops and priests 低教会派（英国国教的一支, 不注重仪式及主教、 牧师的权威地位）: My family is Low Church. 我家属低教会派. ,Low-`Churchman n member or supporter of this 低教会派成员. ,low-`class adj of poor quality or low social class 低级的; 低等的; 质量低劣的; 社会地位卑下的: ,low-class `merchandise 低级的商品. ,lower `case (in printing) small letters, not capitals （印刷）小楷字母, 小写字体: [attrib 作定语] ,lower-case `lettering 小写体字.

low2
,Lower `Chamber (also ,Lower `House) larger, usu elected, branch of a legislative assembly (eg the House of Commons in Britain, the House of Representatives in the US) 下议院（如英国的下议院, 美国的众议院）. the ,lower `deck (in the Navy) petty officers and lower ranks (not the officers) （海军中）水兵和低级军官. ,low `frequency (abbr 缩写 LF) radio frequency of 30 to 300 kilohertz 低频（无线电波段中30-300千赫范围内的频率）. ,low-`key (also ,low-`keyed) adj not intense or emotional; restrained 低调的; 不强烈的; 克制的; 有节制的: The wedding was a very ,low-key af`fair. 婚礼办得毫不招摇. lowland[5lEulEnd; 5lolEnd] n (usu pl 通常作复数) low-lying land 低地. `lowlander[-lEndE(r); -lEndl] n (a) person who lives in a lowland area 低地人. (b) (also `Lowlander) native of the Scottish Lowlands 苏格兰低地人. ,low-level `language computer language using instructions that correspond closely to the operations which the computer will perform 低级语言（近於计算机作业指令的）. ,low-`pitched adj (of sounds) low in pitch3(3a) （指声音）低调的, 轻的, 低沉的: a ,low-pitched `voice 低沉的嗓音. `low season time of year when fewest visitors come to a resort, etc （旅游胜地等的）淡季. ,low `tide (also ,low `water) (a) tide when at its lowest level 低潮; 低水位. (b) time when this occurs 低潮期; 低水位期. ,low-`water mark (a) lowest point reached by the water at low tide 低潮线; 低水位线. (b) (fig 比喻) lowest or worst point 最低点; 最坏程度: the low-water mark of the company's fortunes 公司业绩的最低点.

lowbrow
[5lEubrau; 5lo7brau] adj (esp derog 尤作贬义) not cultured or intellectual 无文化修养的; 无知识的; 智力低的: * a lowbrow programme, discussion, person 粗俗的节目、 议论、 人. 派生： lowbrow n lowbrow person 无文化修养的人. Cf 参看 highbrow, middle-brow (middle).

lower
1[5lEuE(r); 5lol] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] (a) let or bring (sb/sth) down 让, 使（某人[某事物]）降低, 降下: * lower supplies to the stranded men, eg from a helicopter 把给受困者的救济品放下去（如从直升飞机上） * lower the sails, a flag, a window 落帆、 降旗、 放下窗 * He lowered his gun slowly. 他慢慢把枪放下. * lower one's eyes (to the ground), ie look down 垂下眼睛（看地面） * (infml 口) He lowered (ie drank) four pints of beer in an hour. 他一小时喝下四品脱啤酒. (b) make less high 使减低; 放低: * lower the roof of a house 把房子的屋顶改低 * lower (the height of) the ceiling 把天花板（的高度）降低. 2 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] (cause sth to) become less in amount or quantity （使某事物）减少: * Stocks generally lowered in value. 股票普遍下跌. * lower one's voice to a whisper 把声音降到耳语那麽低 * A poor diet lowers one's resistance to illness. 饮食不佳会减低对疾病的抵抗力. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ oneself (by doing sth) (infml 口) reduce one's dignity or self-respect 降低身分或自尊: * Don't lower yourself by asking `him for help. 不要向他求助以免降低身分. * Speak to her? I'd never lower myself. 跟她说话? 我可不自贬人格. 4 (idm 习语) raise/lower one's sights => sight1. 5 (phr v) lower (sth) away (nautical 海) lower (a boat, sail, etc) 放下（小船）; 降下（船帆）.

lowly
[5lEuli; 5loli] adj (-ier, -iest) (dated 旧) of humble rank or condition 地位低的; 卑微的. > lowliness n [U].

loyal
[5lCiEl; 5lCiEl] adj ~ (to sb/sth) true and faithful 忠诚的; 忠贞的: * remain loyal to one's principles 信守自己的原则 * a loyal supporter of the Labour Party 工党的忠实拥护者. 派生： loyalist n person who is loyal, esp to the established ruler or government during a revolt 忠诚分子（尤指在叛乱中忠於原统治者或政府者）: [attrib 作定语] loyalist troops 忠於政府的部队. loyally[5lCiEli; 5lCiEli] adv.

loyalty
[5lCiElti; 5lCiElti] n (a) [U] being true and faithful; loyal behaviour 忠诚; 忠诚行为: * swear an oath of loyalty to the King 向国王宣誓效忠 * Can I count on your loyalty? 你对我的忠诚能让我信得过吗? (b) [C often pl 常作复数] bond that makes a person faithful to sb/sth 向某人[某事物]效忠的义务或约束: * We all have a loyalty to the company. 我们对公司都有效忠的义务. * a case of divided loyalties, ie of being loyal to two different and often conflicting causes, etc 两面效忠（对常为对立双方皆效忠）.

lozenge
[5lCzindV; 5lazindV] n 1 four-sided figure in the shape of a diamond 菱形; 菱形物. 2 small tablet of flavoured sugar, esp one containing medicine, which is dissolved in the mouth 糖锭; （尤指口含的）锭剂: * a throat lozenge, ie for a sore throat 润喉片.

LP
[7el 'pi:; 7el 'pi] abbr 缩写 = long-playing (record): * a collection of LPs 一批密纹唱片. Cf 参看 EP, single n 5.

LSD
[7el es 'di:; 7el es 'di] abbr 缩写 = 1 (also sl 俚语作 acid) lysergic acid diethylamide, a powerful drug that produces hallucinations 麦角奶二乙基酸胺（一种迷幻药）. 2 (also sd) (dated Brit infml 旧, 口) (in former British currency) pounds, shillings and pence (Latin librae, solidi, denarii); money （旧时英国货币）镑, 先令, 便士（源自拉丁文librae、 solidi、 denarii）; 钱: * I'm rather short of LSD can you lend me some? 我缺点儿钱, 你能借给我一些吗?

LST
[7el es 'ti:; 7el es 'ti] abbr 缩写 = (US) Local Standard Time 地方标准时.

LTA
[7el ti: 'ei; 7el ti 'e] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Lawn Tennis Association 草地网球协会.

Ltd
abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Limited (ie `limited liability company', now used only by private companies): Canning Bros Ltd 坎宁．布罗斯有限公司 * Pearce and Co Ltd 皮尔斯股份有限公司. Cf 参看 Inc, PLC.

lubber
[5lQbE(r); 5lQbl] n (dated 旧) big clumsy stupid boy or man 高大而蠢笨的男子. > lubberly adj.

lubricate
[5lu:brikeit; 5lubri7ket] v [Tn] put oil or grease on or in (machinery, etc) so that it moves easily 给（机械等）加润滑油: * lubricate the wheels, bearings, hinges, etc 给轮子、 轴承、 合叶等加润滑油 * (fig 比喻) My throat needs lubricating, ie with a drink. 我需要润润嗓子了. 派生： lubricant[5lu:brikEnt; 5lubrikEnt] n [U, C] substancethat lubricates 润滑剂. lubrication[7lu:bri5keiFn; 7lubri5keFEn] n [C, U] (action of) lubricating or being lubricated 加润滑油; 润滑.

lubricious
[lu:'briFEs; lu'briFEs] adj (fml 文) showing an unpleasant enjoyment of sexual matters; lewd 淫荡的; 猥亵的; 下流的.

lucerne
[lu:'sE:n; lu'sEn] n (US alfalfa) plant similar to clover, used for feeding animals 苜蓿.

lucid
[5lu:sid; 5lusid] adj 1 clearly expressed; easy to understand 表达清楚的; 易懂的: * a lucid explanation 明白的解释 * His style is very lucid. 他的文体很明畅. 2 clear in one's mind; sane 头脑清晰的; 清醒的: * lucid intervals, ie periods of sanity during mental illness 清醒期（精神病发作的间歇期）. > lucidity/lu:'sidEti; lu'sidEti] n [U]. lucidly adv: * lucidly explained 解释得清楚.

luck
[lQk; lQk] n [U] 1 chance, esp thought of as a force that brings good or bad fortune 运气; 造化: * have good, poor, hard (ie bad), little, bad, etc luck 运气好、 不好、 背、 欠佳、 坏等. 2 good fortune 好运; 幸运: * I hope this charm will bring you luck. 希望这个符咒会给你带来好运. * I always carry one for luck. 为讨吉利我老是带着一个. * I had the luck to find him at home. 我真幸运, 找他时他正在家. * Any luck with (ie Did you manage to get) the job? 找工作的事运气好吗? * Our luck has run out, ie has ended. 我们的运气到头了. 3 (idm 习语) as (good/ill) luck would have it fortunately/unfortunately幸而[不幸]; 碰巧[不巧]. (what) bad, rotten, etc`luck! (used to show sympathy 用以表示同情). be bad/hard `luck (on sb) be unfortunate 不幸; 倒霉: * It was very hard luck (on you) to get ill on your holiday. （你）假期得病真倒霉. be ,down on one's `luck (infml 口) have a period of misfortune 倒霉的时候; 背运之时. beginner's luck => beginner (begin). be in/out of `luck be fortunate/unfortunate 走运[不走运]. better luck next time => better1. the devil's own luck => devil1. ,good `luck (to sb) may sb be fortunate and successful 祝某人好运和顺利: * Good luck in your exams! 祝你考得好! ,just one's `luck (indicating that sth unfortunate or inconvenient has happened to one, as usual 用以表示运气总是那麽坏): * It was just my luck to go to the play on the day the star was ill. 我总是这麽倒霉, 去看戏那天偏巧明星病了. one's `luck is in one is lucky 走运; 交好运. the luck of the draw the way in which chance decides what some people become, do, get, etc and others not 一个人一个命（有的人有运气, 有的人没有运气）. the luck of the game the element of luck, as opposed to skill, that operates in a game, an activity, etc 手气（支配游戏、 活动等的运气, 并非技巧）. ,no such `luck unfortunately not 没有那份儿运气. push one's luck => push2. take pot luck => pot1. ,tough `luck (a) (used to show sympathy 用以表示同情).

luck1
(b) (ironic 反语) (used to show that one does not really care about sb's misfortune 用以表示对某人的不幸并不真正关心). try one's luck/fortune => try1. worse luck => worse. 派生： luck v (phr v) luck out (US infml 口) be lucky or successful 走运; 交好运; 侥幸成功. luckless adj unlucky 运气不好的; 不幸的.

lucky
[5lQki; 5lQki] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 having, bringing or resulting from good luck 幸运的; 有好运的; 带来好运的: * You're very lucky to be alive after that accident. 你大难不死可真幸运. * It's lucky she's still here. 她还在这里, 真是万幸. * a lucky charm 吉符 * Seven is my lucky number. 七是我的幸运数字. * a lucky guess 侥幸猜中 * a lucky break, ie a piece of good fortune 一次好运 * It's my, your, etc lucky day, ie one on which I am, you are, etc having good fortune. 这一天是我的、 你的...幸运日子. 2 (idm 习语) strike lucky => strike2. thank one's lucky stars => thank. you'll be lucky; you should be so lucky (ironic catchphrase 反语, 警语) what you expect, wish for, etc is very unlikely to happen 你有那份儿运气. > luckily[5lQkili; 5lQkili] adv: * I arrived late but luckily the meeting had been delayed. 我迟到了, 幸而会议推迟了. 复合： ,lucky `dip (Brit) barrel, etc containing small prizes of various values which people pick out at random for a payment, hoping to get sth that is worth more than they have paid 幸运袋, 摸彩袋（袋中装有价值不等的奖品, 付钱即可模取）.

lucrative
[5lu:krEtiv; 5lukrEtiv] adj producing much money; profitable 赚钱的; 可获利的: * a lucrative business 赚钱的买卖. > lucratively adv. lucrativeness n [U].

lucre
[5lu:kE(r); 5lukl] n [U] 1 (derog 贬) profit or money-making, as a motive for doing sth 利益; 利润; 赚钱: * the lure of lucre 利益的诱惑. 2 (idm 习语) filthy lucre => filthy (filth).

Luddite
[5lQdait; 5lQdait] n, adj (derog 贬) (person) opposed to change or improvement in working methods, machines, etc in industry 在工业中反对改进操作方法、 改进机器等的（人）.

ludicrous
[5lu:dikrEs; 5ludikrEs] adj causing laughter; ridiculous; absurd 可笑的; 荒唐的; 愚蠢的: * a ludicrousidea 荒谬的想法. > ludicrously adv: * His trousers wereludicrously short. 他的裤子短得可笑. ludicrousness n [U].

ludo
[5lu:dEu; 5ludo] n [U] simple game played with dice and counters on a special board 卢多（在特制板上用色子及筹码玩的简单游戏）.

luff
[lQf; lQf] v [I, Tn] (nautical 海) steer (a sailing boat or ship) so that its front moves nearer to the direction from which the wind is blowing 转动（船）使船首抢风航行.

luffa
= loofah.

lug
1[lQg; lQg] v (-gg-) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] drag or carry (sth) with great effort 用力拉或拖（某物）: * lugging a heavy suitcase up the stairs 拖着沉重的衣箱上楼 * (fig infml 比喻, 口) She had to lug the kids around/about/along all day. 她得整天带着孩子. =>Usage at carry 用法见carry.

luge
[lu:V; luV] n small toboggan for one person 单人雪橇.

luggage
[5lQgidV; 5lQgidV] (US baggage) n [U] bags, suitcases, etc containing sb's belongings and taken on a journey 行李: * six pieces of luggage 六件行李 * clear one's luggage through customs 把行李交海关查验通过 * Have you any hand-luggage? 你有手提的行李吗? => illus 见插图. 复合： `luggage-rack n (a) shelf for luggage above the seats in a railway carriage, coach, etc （火车或长途汽车等的）行李架. (b) = roof-rack (roof). `luggage-van n (US baggage car) carriage for passengers' luggage on a railway train （火车的）行李车.

lugger
[5lQgE(r); 5lQgl] n (nautical 海) small ship with one or more four-cornered sails （有四角纵帆的）小帆船.

lugubrious
[lE'gu:briEs; lu'gubriEs] adj dismal; mournful阴郁的; 悲哀的: * Why are you looking so lugubrious?你怎麽看上去这样忧郁? > lugubriously adv. lugubriousness n [U].

lugworm
[5lQgwE:m; 5lQg7wEm] n large worm living in the sand on the sea-shore, used as bait by fishermen 沙 （用作钓饵）.

lukewarm
[7lu:k'wC:m; 5luk'wCrm] adj 1 (of liquids) only slightly warm; tepid （指液体）不冷不热的, 微温的: * Heat the milk until it is just lukewarm. 把奶热一下, 温温就行. 2 ~ (about sb/sth) (fig 比喻) not eager or enthusiastic 不热烈的; 冷淡的: * get a ,lukewarm re`ception 受冷漠的接待 * Her love had grown lukewarm. 她的爱情已淡薄.

lull
[lQl; lQl] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] (a) ~ sb/sth (to sth) make (a person or an animal) quiet or less active; soothe sb/sth 使（人或动物）安静, 活动减弱; 抚慰某人; 缓和某事物: * lull a baby to sleep, ie by rocking it or singing to it 哄孩子睡觉. (b) ~ sb/sth (into sth) calm (sb, sb's fears, etc), esp by deception 使（某人）镇静, 消除（某人的恐惧感等）（尤指藉哄骗）: * lull his suspicions 哄他释疑 * lulled us into a false sense of security 哄骗我们使我们以为很安全. 2 [I] (of a storm or noise) become quiet; lessen （指风暴或噪音）平息, 停息, 减弱: * By dawn the wind had lulled. 到黎明时风已停了. 派生： lull n (usu sing 通常作单数) interval of quiet or inactivity 间歇; 稍息; 稍止: a lull before the storm, in the conversation, during the battle 暴风雨前、 谈话中、 战斗期间的沉寂.

lullaby
[5lQlEbai; 5lQlE7bai] n soft gentle song sung to make a child go to sleep 催眠曲.

lumbago
[lQm'beigEu; lQm'bego] n [U] pain in the muscles of the lower part of the back, caused by rheumatism 腰痛（风湿所致的）.

lumbar
[5lQmbE(r); 5lQmbl] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of the lower part of the back 腰的; 腰部的: * lumbar pains 腰痛 * the lumbar regions 腰部. 复合： `lumbar puncture (medical 医) removing fluid from the base of the spine by means of a hollow needle 腰椎穿刺.

lumber
1[5lQmbE(r); 5lQmbl] n [U] 1 (esp Brit) unwanted pieces of furniture, etc that are stored away or take up space （无用的）旧家具等. 2 (esp US) = timber 1. 派生： lumber v 1 (a) [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (with sb/sth) give as a burden or aninconvenience to sb 给某人负担或不便: He got lumberedwith the job of finding accommodation for the whole team. 他有个苦差事, 是要为全队物色食宿的处所. * It looks as though we're going to be lumbered with Uncle Bill for the whole weekend. 看来我们整个周末都得陪着比尔大叔了. (b) [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p]~ sth (up) (with sth) fill up (space) inconveniently 零乱堆满（空间）: a room lumbered up with junk 堆满了无用之物的房间 * a mind lumbered with useless facts 充满无用资料的头脑. 2 [I, Tn] (esp US) cut and prepare (timber) for use 伐木制材. 复合： `lumberjack (also `lumberman[-mEn; -mEn] ) n (esp in the US and Canada) man whose job is felling trees or cutting or transporting timber （尤指美国和加拿大的）伐木工人、 木材加工或运输工人. `lumber-jacket n hip-length jacket fastening up to the neck, usu of thick checked material 夹克（通常为厚格子呢的）. `lumber-room n (esp Brit) room in which lumber1(1) is kept 堆放无用家具的房间.

luminary
[5lu:minEri; - -neri; 5lumE7neri] n 1 person who inspires or influences others 鼓舞或影响他人的人; 名人; 杰出人物: * leading/lesser luminaries 大[小]有名气的人. 2 (fml 文) heavenly body that gives light, esp the sun or the moon 发光的天体; （尤指）日, 月.

luminous
[5lu:minEs; 5lumEnEs] adj 1 giving out light; bright 发光的; 光亮的: * luminous paint, ie paint that glows in the dark, used on watches, clocks, etc 发光涂料（在暗中可见, 用於钟表等）. 2 (fig 比喻) easily understood; clear 易懂的; 清楚的: * a luminous speaker, explanation 语意明晰的演说者、 解释. 派生： luminosity[7lu:mi'nCsEti; 7lumE'nasEti] n [U] quality of being luminous 发光; 光辉. luminously adv.

lumme
(also lummy)[5lQmi; 5lQmi] interj (dated Brit sl 旧, 俚) (expressing surprise 用以表示惊讶).

lump
1[lQmp; lQmp] n 1 hard or compact mass, usu without a regular shape 堆, 块, 团（通常无定形）: * a lump of clay 一团黏土 * a sugar lump 一块方糖 * break a piece of coal into small lumps 把一块煤砸成小块 * How many lumps (ie of sugar) do you take in your tea? 你喝茶加几块方糖? 2 swelling, bump or bruise 肿; 隆起; 挫伤: * a nasty lump on her neck 她颈上的大肿块. 3 (infml 口) heavy, clumsy or stupid person 大块头; 粗大笨拙的人; 傻大个儿: * Do hurry up, you great lump! 快点, 你这笨蛋! 4 (idm 习语) have, etc a lump in one's/the throat feel pressure in the throat as a result of strong emotion caused by love, sadness, etc 喉咙哽住, 哽咽（因激动所致）. 派生： lump v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sb/sth (together) put or consider people or things together; treat people or things as alike or under the same heading 将人或物归并一起或合并考虑; 将人或物同等对待或分类: We've lumped all the advanced students into a single class. 我们把程度高的学生都编在一个班里. * Can we lump all these items together as `incidental expenses'? 我们可否把这些项目都归在‘杂费’项内? 2 [I] form lumps 结块: Stir the sauce to prevent it lumping. 把沙司搅拌一下以免结块. lumpish[-iF; -iF] adj (of a person) heavy; clumsy; stupid （指人）粗大的, 笨拙的, 愚蠢的. lumpy adj (-ier, -iest) full of lumps; covered in lumps 多块状物的; 多隆起物的: lumpy gravy 有颗粒的肉汁 * a lumpy mattress 有疙瘩的褥垫. 复合： lump `sugar sugar in the form of small lumps or cubes 方糖. `lump sum one payment for a number of separate items; one sum paid all at once rather than in several smaller amounts 一次总付的钱.

lunacy
[5lu:nEsi; 5lunEsi] n [U] 1 unsoundness of mind; insanity; madness 精神错乱; 精神失常; 疯狂. 2 very foolish behaviour 极愚蠢的行为: * It's sheer lunacy driving in this weather. 天气这麽坏还开车, 简直是疯了. 3 [C usu pl 通常作复数] mad or foolish act 疯狂的或愚蠢的行动.

lunar
[5lu:nE(r); 5lunl] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of the moon 月球的; 月亮的: * lunar rocks 月岩 * a lunar eclipse 月蚀. 复合： lunar `module (also lunar ex`cursion module) part of a spacecraft circling the moon that can be detached to make a journey to the moon's surface and back 登月舱. ,lunar `month average time between one new moon and the next (about 29 days) 朔望月; 阴历月. =>App 5 见附录5. Cf 参看 calendar month (calendar).

lunatic
[5lu:nEtik; 5lunE7tik] n 1 (dated 旧) insane person 精神失常者; 疯子. 2 wildly foolish person 极愚蠢的人: * You're driving on the wrong side of the road, you lunatic! 你现在是逆行开车, 你这个蠢材! 派生： lunatic adj 1 (dated 旧) insane 精神失常的; 疯的. 2 wildly foolish 极愚蠢的: a lunatic proposal 极愚蠢的建议. 3 (idm 习语) the ,lunatic `fringe (derog 贬) those members of a political or some other group whose views are regarded as wildly extreme or eccentric 极端分子: The lunatic fringe is/are ignored by most members of the party. 绝大部分党员对极端分子不予理睬. 复合： `lunatic asylum (dated 旧) home for the mentally ill; mental hospital 疯人院; 精神病院.

lunch
[lQntF; lQntF] n [C, U] 1 meal taken in the middle of the day 午餐; 午饭; 中饭: * We serve hot and cold lunches. 我处供应冷热午餐. * He's gone to/for lunch. 他吃午饭去了. * [attrib 作定语] a one-hour lunch break 一小时的午餐时间. 2 (US) light meal taken at any time 便餐; 小吃: * We'll have a lunch after the show. 散了电影, 咱们去吃便餐吧. =>Usage at dinner 用法见dinner. 派生： lunch v 1 [I, Ipr, Ip] eat lunch 吃午饭; 进午餐: Where do you usually lunch? 您平时在哪儿吃午饭? * We lunched (out) on cold meat and salad. 我们午饭（在外面）吃的是凉肉和色拉. 2 [Tn] entertain (sb) to lunch 请（某人）吃午饭. 复合： `lunch-room n (esp US) place where light meals are served or eaten 快餐店; 小吃店. `lunch-time n [C, U] time around the middle of the day when lunch is normally eaten 午餐时间.

luncheon
[5lQntFEn; 5lQntFEn] n [C, U] (fml 文) lunch 午餐; 午宴. 复合： `luncheon meat tinned cooked meat made from pork, ham, etc and usu eaten cold （罐头）午餐肉. `luncheon voucher (abbr 缩写 LV) (Brit) (US `meal ticket) ticket, given to an employee as part of his pay, that can be exchanged for food at certain restaurants 就餐券（作为工资的一部分发给雇员, 可在某些餐馆用餐）.

lung
[lQN; lQN] n either of the two breathing-organs in the chest of man and other animals 肺: * [attrib 作定语] lung cancer 肺癌 * a singer with good lungs, ie a powerful voice 中气足的歌手. =>illus at respire 见respire插图. 复合： `lung-power n [U] ability to shout, sing, etc strongly 发声力; 中气.

lunge
[lQndV; lQndV] n sudden forward movement of the body (eg when trying to attack sb); thrust （身体的）前冲（如攻击某人时的）; 刺; 戳. 派生： lunge v [I, Ipr, Ip] make a lunge 前冲; 刺; 戳: He lunged wildly at his opponent. 他疯狂地扑向对手. * She lunged out with a knife. 她持刀猛冲过去. =>illus at fencing (fence2) 见fencing插图.

lupin
(US lupine)[5lu:pin; 5lupin] n garden plant with tall spikes of flowers, bearing seeds in pods 羽扇豆.

lurch
1[lE:tF; lEtF] n (idm 习语) leave sb in the lurch => leave1.

lure
[luE(r); lur] n 1 (a) thing that attracts or invites 诱惑物: * She used all her lures to attract his attention. 她使尽浑身解数以吸引他的注意. (b) (usu sing 通常作单数) power of attracting 诱惑力; 吸引力; 魅力: * the lure of adventure 探险的吸引力. 2 (a) bait or decoy used to attract wild animals （引诱动物的）饵. (b) device used to make a trained hawk return to its trainer or master 唤回猎鹰的装置. 派生： lure v [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] attract or tempt (a person or an animal) 吸引, 诱惑（人或动物）: lure sb into a trap 引诱某人上圈套 * Greed lured him on. 他受了贪心的诱惑.

lurid
[5luErid; 5lurid] adj 1 having bright glaring colours or combinations of colour 光彩耀眼的; 斑烂的: * a lurid sky, sunset 火红的天空、 夕照 * the lurid glow of the blazing warehouse 燃烧的仓库上耀眼的火光. 2 violent and shocking; sensational 暴烈而惊人的; 耸人听闻的: * the lurid details of the murder 凶杀案耸人听闻的细节 * a lurid tale 骇人的故事. > luridly adv. luridness n [U].

lurk
[lE:k; lEk] v [Ipr, Ip] 1 (a) be or stay hidden, esp when waiting to attack 埋伏; 潜伏: * a suspicious-looking man lurking in the shadows 潜伏在暗处的一个形迹可疑的人. (b) wait near a place trying not to attract attention 隐藏; 隐匿: * He's usually lurking somewhere near the bar. 他通常出没在酒吧附近. 2 (fig 比喻) linger (esp in the mind) without being clearly shown 潜藏（尤指心中）: * a lurking suspicion 潜藏於心的怀疑. =>Usage at prowl 用法见prowl.

luscious
[5lQFEs; 5lQFEs] adj 1 rich and sweet in taste or smell 味道或气味香甜的: * the luscious taste of ripe peaches 熟桃的香甜味. 2 (of art, music, etc) very rich and suggesting sensual pleasures （指艺术, 音乐等）华丽的, 引起快感的: * the luscious tones of the horns 铜管乐器悦耳的声调. 3 sensually attractive; voluptuous 肉感的; 性感的; 勾起情欲的: * a luscious blonde 性感的金发女郎. > lusciously adv. lusciousness n [U].

lush
1[lQF; lQF] adj 1 growing thickly and strongly; luxuriant 繁密的; 茂盛的: * lush pastures, vegetation, etc 茂盛的牧场、 草木等. 2 (fig 比喻) luxurious 豪华的: * lush carpets 华美的地毯.

lust
[lQst; lQst] n (often derog 常作贬义) 1 [C, U] ~ (for sb) strong sexual desire 强烈的性欲: * curb one's lust 抑制情欲 * gratify one's lusts 满足情欲. 2 [C, U] ~ (for/of sth) intense desire for sth or enjoyment of sth 对某事物的强烈欲望; 物欲; 爱好: * a lust for power, gold, adventure 对权力、 黄金、 冒险的强烈欲望 * filled with the lust of battle 渴望战斗的. 派生： lust v [Ipr] ~ after/for sb/sth (often derog 常作贬义) feel a strong desire for sb/sth 对某人[某事物]有强烈的欲望: lust after women 贪恋女色 * He lusted for revenge. 他渴望复仇. lustful[-fl; -fEl] adj (often derog 常作贬义) filled with lust 好色的; 充满情欲的; 贪婪的: * lustful glances 色迷迷的目光. lustfully[-fEli; -fEli] adv.

lustre
(US luster)[5lQstE(r); 5lQstl] n [U] 1 soft brightness of a smooth or shining surface; sheen （光滑表面的）柔和光泽, 光彩: * the deep lustre of pearls 珍珠浑厚的光泽. 2 (fig 比喻) glory; distinction 光荣; 出色: * brave deeds adding lustre to one's name 使自己扬名增光的英勇业绩. 派生： lustrous[5lQstrEs; 5lQstrEs] adj having lustre 有光泽的; 光辉的: * lustrous eyes, hair 有光泽的眼睛、 头发. lustrously adv.

lusty
[5lQsti; 5lQsti] adj healthy, vigorous and full ofvitality 健康的; 精力充沛的; 充满活力的: * lusty youngstersat play 玩耍中的生气勃勃的儿童 * give a lusty cheer 高声欢呼. > lustily[-ili; -Eli] adv: * sing lustily 起劲地唱.

lute
1[lu:t; lut] n stringed musical instrument with a pear-shaped body, used mainly from the 14th to the 18th centuries and played by plucking with the fingers 诗琴（主要在14-18世纪使用的梨形拨弦乐器）.

lutenist
(also lutanist)[5lu:tEnist; 5lutnist] n person who plays the lute1 诗琴弹奏者.

Lutheran
[5lu:WErEn; 5luWErEn] n, adj (member) of theProtestant Church named after Martin Luther (1483-1546)路德（1483-1546）会教友; 路德教的.

luxuriant
[lQg'VuEriEnt; lQg'VuriEnt] adj growing thickly and strongly; lush 繁密的; 茂盛的: * luxuriant tropical vegetation 葱郁的热带植物 * (fig 比喻) the poem's luxuriant imagery 诗中的丰富意象. Cf 参看 luxurious. 派生： luxuriance[-Ens; -Ens] n [U] luxuriant growth 丰富; 茂盛. luxuriantly adv.

luxuriate
[lQg'VuErieit; lQg'Vuri7et] v [Ipr] ~ in sth take great pleasure in sth; enjoy sth as a luxury 纵情享乐; 享受某事物: * a cat luxuriating in the warm sunshine 在温暖阳光下很舒适的猫 * luxuriate in a hot bath 在热浴缸里优哉游哉.

luxurious
[lQg'VuEriEs; lQg'VuriEs] adj 1 supplied with luxuries; very comfortable 奢侈的; 极舒适的: * live in luxurious surroundings 生活在奢侈的环境中 * This car is our most luxurious model. 这种汽车是我们最豪华的型号了. 2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] fond of luxury; self-indulgent 爱好奢侈的; 放纵的: * luxurious habits 奢侈的习惯. Cf 参看 luxuriant. > luxuriously adv.

luxury
[5lQkFEri; 5lQkFEri] n 1 [U] (regular use and enjoyment of) the best and most expensive food and drink, clothes, surroundings, etc 豪华; 奢华; 奢侈: * live in luxury 生活奢侈 * lead/live a life of luxury 过奢侈的生活 * [attrib 作定语] a luxury hotel, flat, liner 豪华旅馆、 公寓、 邮轮. 2 [C] thing that is expensive and enjoyable, but not essential 奢侈品: * caviar, champagne and other luxuries 鱼子酱、 香槟以及其他奢侈品 * We can't afford many luxuries. 很多的奢侈品我们都买不起. 3 (idm 习语) in the lap of luxury => lap1.

LV
[7el 'vi:; 7el 'vi] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) luncheon voucher.

LW
abbr 缩写 = (radio 无) long wave.

lycee
[5li:sei; - li:'sei; 7li'se] n (French 法) state secondary school in France 法国公立中学.

lych-gate
= lich-gate.

lychee
(also litchi)[7lai'tFi:, 'laitFi:; 5laitFi] n (a) fruit with a sweetish white pulp and a single seed in a thin brown shell 荔枝. (b) tree (originally from China) that bears this 荔枝树.

lye
[lai; lai] n [U] alkaline solution, esp one obtained by passing water through wood ashes and used for washing things 咸液（尤指从木灰中滤出, 供洗涤用的）.

lying
pres p of lie1, lie2.

lymph
[limf; limf] n [U] 1 (anatomy 解) colourless fluid from the tissues or organs of the body, containing white blood-cells 淋巴. 2 (medical 医) this fluid taken from cows and used in vaccination against smallpox 痘苗. 派生： lymphatic/lim'ftik; lim'fAtik] adj 1 (anatomy 解) of or carrying lymph 淋巴的; 输送淋巴的: * the lymphatic vessels, ie those that carry lymph from the tissues with any waste matter 淋巴管. 2 (fml 文) (of people) slow in thought and action; sluggish （指人）迟钝的, 萎顿的.

lynch
[lintF; lintF] v [Tn] put to death or punish violently (sb believed to be guilty of a crime) without a lawful trial 用私刑处死或严惩（被认为有罪的人）: * innocent men lynched by the angry mob 被狂怒的暴民以私刑杀害的无辜男子. 复合： `lynch law procedure followed when sb is lynched 私刑.

lynx
[liNks; liNks] n wild animal of the cat family with spotted fur and a short tail, noted for its keen sight 猞猁. 复合： ,lynx-`eyed adj having keen eyesight 目光锐利的.

lyre
[5laiE(r); lair] n ancient musical instrument with strings fixed in a U-shaped frame, played by plucking with the fingers 里拉琴（古代拨弦乐器, 琴弦固定在U型框架内）. 复合： `lyre-bird n Australian bird, the male having a long tail shaped like a lyre when spread out 琴鸟（产於澳洲）.

lyric
[5lirik; 5lirik] adj 1 (of poetry) expressing direct personal feelings （指诗）抒情的. 2 of or composed for singing 吟唱的; 供吟唱的. 派生： lyric n 1 lyric poem 抒情诗. 2 (esp pl 尤作复数) words of a song, eg in a musical play 歌词（如在歌舞喜剧中的）: [attrib 作定语] a fine lyric-writer/writer of lyrics 优秀的抒情歌词作家.

lyrical
[5lirikl; 5lirikl] adj 1 = lyric. 2 eagerly enthusiastic 极热情的; 狂热的: * She started to become/wax lyrical about health food. 她对保健食品极为讲究了. > lyrically[-kli; -kli] adv.

lyricism
[5lirisizEm; 5lirE7sizEm] n 1 [U] quality of being lyric, esp in poetry 抒情性; （尤指诗歌的）抒情风格. 2 [C] expression of strong emotion or enthusiasm 感情冲动; 热情奔放.

lyricist
[5lirisist; 5lirEsist] n person who writes the words of (esp popular) songs （尤指流行歌曲的）歌词作者.

ma
[ma:; ma] n (infml 口) (usu used to address sb 通常用作称呼语) mother 妈; 妈妈: * I'm going now, ma. 我要走了, 妈妈. * He always does what his ma tells him to. 他总是很听妈妈的话.

ma'am
[mAm or, rarely, 罕读作 ma:m; mAm, mam] n [sing] 1 (used to address the Queen, a noblewoman, a female superior officer in the army, etc 用於对女王、 贵妇人、 高级女军官等的尊称) madam 夫人; 女士. 2 (US) (used as a polite form of address to a woman 用作对女子的尊称): * Can I help you, ma'am? 小姐, 您有什麽事?

mac
1 (also mack)[mAk; mAk] n (Brit infml 口) = mackintosh.

macabre
[mE'ka:brE; mE'kabrE] adj connected with death, and thus causing fear; gruesome （与死亡有关）引起恐惧的, 可怕的, 可怖的: * a macabre ghost story 令人毛骨悚然的鬼怪故事.

macadam
[mE'kAdEm; mE'kAdEm] n [U] road surface made of layers of compressed broken stones 碎石路面: * [attrib 作定语] a macadam road 碎石路. Cf 参看 tarmac. 派生： macadamize, -ise[-aiz; -aiz] v [Tn] make or cover (a road) with macadam 用碎石铺或 （路）: * macadamized roads 碎石路.

macaroni
[7mAkE'rEuni; 7mAkE'roni] n [U] long hard tubes of pasta, often chopped into short pieces and boiled in water before eating 通心粉; 通心面. 复合： ,macaroni `cheese dish of macaroni with a cheese sauce 乾酪通心面.

macaroon
[7mAkE'ru:n; 7mAkE'run] n small flat cakeor biscuit made of sugar, egg-white and crushed almondsor coconut 蛋白杏仁饼; 蛋白椰子饼.

macaw
[mE'kC:; mE'kC] n type of large long-tailed tropical American parrot 麦稧勾稧（热带美洲产的长尾大鹦鹉）; 琉璃金刚鹦鹉.

mace
1[meis; mes] n 1 large heavy club formerly used as a weapon, usu having a head with metal spikes （旧时用作武器的）狼牙棒, 钉头锤. 2 staff or rod, usu ornamented, carried or displayed as a sign of the authority of an official, eg a mayor 权杖（通常有装饰, 为官员如市长所携带或作显示权威之用）. 复合： `mace-bearer n person who carries an official mace 持权杖者.

macerate
[5mAsEreit; 5mAsE7ret] v [I, Tn] (fml 文) (cause sth to) become soft or break up by soaking （使某物）浸软, 浸开. > maceration[7msE'reiFn; 7mAsE'reFEn] n [U].

Mach
[ma:k, mAk; mak] n [U] (followed by a number 後接数词) ratio of the speed of sth (esp an aircraft) to the speed of sound 马赫: * an aircraft flying at Mach two, ie twice the speed of sound 以两倍於音速飞行的飞机.

machete
[mE'tFeti; - -'Feti; mE'Feti] n broad heavy knife used as a cutting tool and as a weapon, esp in Latin America and the West Indies （用作刀具和武器的）大刀; （尤指拉丁美洲和西印度群岛人用的）大砍刀. =>illus at knife 见knife插图.

machiavellian
[7mAkiE'veliEn; 7mAkiE'veliEn] adj (also Machiavellian) cunning and deceitful in gaining what one wants; showing such cunning or deceit 狡猾欺诈的; 不择手段的: * a machiavellian person, scheme, plot 狡猾的人、 计画、 阴谋.

machination
[7mAki'neiFn; 7mAkE'neFEn] n (a) [C usu pl 通常作复数] evil plot or scheme 诡计; 阴谋: * attempts to counter their machinations 为反击他们的阴谋而进行的努力. (b) [U] plotting 密谋; 谋画.

machine
[mE'Fi:n; mE'Fin] n 1 [C] (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) apparatus with several moving parts, designed to perform a particular task, and driven by electricity, steam, gas, etc, or by human power 机器; 机械: * The scrap merchant has a machine which crushes cars. 那个废品商有个压碎汽车的机器. * a `sewing-machine, `washing-machine, etc 缝纫机、 洗衣机等* office machines, eg computers, word processors, photocopiers, etc 办公用机器（如计算机、 文字处理机、 影印机等） * Machines have replaced human labour in many industries. 在很多工业中, 机器已取代了人力操作. =>Usage 见所附用法. 2 [C] (fig 比喻) person who acts automatically, without thinking 机械般行动而不动脑筋的人: * Years of doing the same dull job can turn you into a machine. 成年地做一种单调工作, 能把活人也做成机器人. 3 [CGp] group of people that control (part of) an organization, etc （部分）控制某组织等的一夥人: * the (political) party machine （政）党的核心组织 * The public relations machine covered up the firm's heavy losses. 公共关系部掩饰了该商行的严重亏损. 4 (idm 习语) a cog in the machine => cog. 派生： machine v [Tn] 1 cut, shape, polish, etc (sth) with a machine 用机器切割、 制作或磨光（某物）: The edge of the disc had been machined flat/smooth. 圆盘的边缘已用机器磨平[光]. 2 make (clothes) using a sewing-machine 用缝纫机缝制（衣服）: I have to machine the hem. 我需用缝纫机缝边. machinery/mE'Fi:nEri; mE'FinEri] n [U] 1 (a) moving parts (of a machine) （机器的）转动部分: * the machinery of a clock 钟的转动部分. (b) machines collectively or in general （泛指）机器, 机械: * Much new machinery has been installed. 已安装了许多新机器. 2 ~ (of sth/for doing sth) organization or structure (of sth/for doing sth) 组织; 机构: * reform the machinery of government 改革政府机构

machine1
* We have no machinery for dealing with complaints. 我们没有处理群众投诉的部门. * All this will be processed by the Home Office machinery. 这些事都要由内政部处理. machinist/mE'Fi:nist; mE'Finist] n 1 person who operates a machine, esp a sewing-machine 操作机器的工人; （尤指）缝纫机工. 2 person who makes, repairs or operates machine tools 机械工; 机械师. 复合： ma`chine code (also ma`chine language) (computing 计) binary code in which instructions are written that a computer can understand and act on 机器语言. ma`chine-gun n gun that fires bullets continuously while the trigger is pressed 机关枪; 机枪: operate, set up a machine-gun 开机枪、 架起机枪 * [attrib 作定语] accurate machine-gun fire 机枪的准确火力. =>illus at gun 见gun插图. v (-nn-) [Tn] shoot (sb) with a machine-gun 用机枪射击（某人）: They machine-gunned the advancing troops. 他们用机枪扫射进攻的敌军. ma,chine-`made adj made by machine 机器制造的. Cf 参看 hand-made (hand1). ma,chine-`readable adj (computing 计) (of data) in a form that a computer can understand （指资料）计算机可读的: convert a book into machine-readable form 把一部书变换成计算机可读的形式. ma`chine tool tool for cutting or shaping materials, driven by a machine 工作母机; 机床. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Compare machine, tool, etc. 试比较machine、 tool等词. A machine consists of moving parts powered by electricity, etc and is designed for a specific job. *machine是由电力等驱动的机器, 是为做某种工作而设计的. An (electrical) appliance is a machine used in the house, such as awashing-machine or dishwasher. * (electrical) appliance是家用电器, 如洗衣机或洗碟机. An apparatus is a system of connected machines, wires, etc *apparatus是相联结的机器、 导线等系统: the apparatus for lighting the stage 舞台照明设备. A tool is an object held in the hand, often used by people in their jobs, eg a hammer, drill or spanner. *tool是手持工具, 常为干活儿的人用的, 如 子、 钻或扳子. An instrument is a tool designed for a technical task, eg a surgeon's knife. *instrument是为技术工作设计的工具, 如手术刀. It may have some moving parts and be used in a technical operation, eg a microscope or meter. *instrument可能有某些运转部件并用於技术操作, 如显微镜或仪表. An implement is a tool generally used outdoors, especially in gardening or farming, eg a plough, rake or spade. *implement是通常用於户外的工具, 尤指园艺或农作中用的, 如睱、 耙或锹. Device and gadget are more general terms. *device和gadget词义较笼统. Device is often used implying approval of a useful machine or instrument *device常含褒义, 指某机器或工具很有用处: a labour-saving device 省力的器具

machine2
* a clever device for locking windows 锁窗的灵巧装置. Gadget is more informal and can suggest disapproval *gadget较为通俗, 可含贬义: Their kitchen is full of the latest gadgets. 他们的厨房尽是最新式的器具. * All these modern gadgets are more trouble than they're worth. 所有这些现代化的装置都是花钱买麻烦的玩意儿.

machismo
[mE'tFizmEu, also mE'kizmEu; mE'tFizmo, mE'kizmo] n [U] (esp derog 尤作贬义) exaggerated or aggressive pride in being male （夸大的或盛气凌人的）男子气概.

macho
[5mAtFEu; 5mAtFo] adj (infml esp derog 口, 尤作贬义) aggressively masculine 大男子气概的: * He thinks it's macho to drink a lot and get into fights. 他认为酗酒斗殴就是男子气概.

mackerel
[5mAkrEl; 5mAkrEl] n (pl unchanged 复数不变) 1 striped fish that lives in the sea and is eaten as food 鲭: * a good catch of mackerel 捕获的大量鲭鱼. 2 (idm 习语) a sprat to catch a mackerel => sprat. 复合： ,mackerel `sky sky covered with strips of fleecy cloud, similar to the stripes on a mackerel's back 鱼鳞天（布满卷毛云的天空, 状似鲭鱼背部条纹状鳞片）.

mackintosh
[5mAkintCF; 5mAkin7taF] (also mac, mack/mk; mAk/) n (Brit) coat made of rainproof material 雨衣.

macro-
comb form 构词成分 large; large-scale 大的;大规模的: macrobiotic * macroeconomic(s). Cf 参看 micro-, mini-.

macrobiotics
[7mAkrEubai'Ctiks; 7mAkrobai'atiks] n [sing v] science of diets that consist of whole grains and vegetables grown without chemical treatment 益寿饮食学（对全谷及未经化学处理的蔬菜之饮食的研究）. > macrobiotic adj [esp attrib 尤作定语]: * macrobiotic food 益寿食品.

macrocosm
[5mAkrEukCzEm; 5mAkrE7kazEm] n 1 the macrocosm [sing] the universe 宇宙; 宏观世界. 2 [C] any large complete structure containing smaller structures （任何含有较小结构的）大而完整的结构. Cf 参看 microcosm.

mad
[mAd; mAd] adj (-dder, -ddest) 1 (a) mentally ill; insane 疯的; （患）精神病的; 精神错乱的: * a mad person, act 精神失常的人、 行为 * be/go mad 发疯 * drive/send sb mad 把某人逼疯. (b) (infml esp derog 口, 尤作贬义) very foolish; crazy 极愚蠢的; 疯狂的: * What a mad thing to do! 多愚蠢的事啊! * You must be mad to drive so fast! 你开得这样快, 简直疯了! * He's quite mad: * he goes round in very odd clothes. 他真是疯了, 竟穿着稀奇古怪的衣服到处逛. 2 (infml 口) (a) ~ about/on sth/sb very interested in sth/sb; enthusiastic about sth/sb 对某事物[某人]极感兴趣或很入迷: * mad on football, pop music, etc 对足球、 流行歌曲等着迷 * He's mad about her, ie likes/loves her very much. 他爱她爱得如醉如痴. (b) (following ns 用於名词之後) very keen on (sth/sb) 极喜爱（某事物[某人]）: * be cricket mad, photography mad, pop music mad, etc 酷爱板球、 摄影、 流行音乐等 * a crowd of football-mad little boys 一群迷恋足球运动的小男孩儿. 3 ~ (with sth) (infml 口) very excited; wild; frenzied 非常激动的; 狂暴的; 狂乱的: * a mad dash, rush, etc 乱冲、 狂奔 * mad with pain 极疼痛 * The crowd is mad with excitement! 群众激动万分! 4 (infml 口) ~ (at/with sb) angry; furious 愤怒的; 狂怒的: * His obstinacy drives me mad! 他顽固不化把我气得火冒叁丈! * She was mad at/with him for losing the match. 她对他输了这场比赛极为恼怒. * mad at/with the dog for eating her shoe （她）因狗咬她的鞋而发怒. * Don't get mad (about the broken window). 别（为窗户坏了）大动肝火. 5 (of a dog) suffering from rabies （指狗）患狂犬病的. 6 (idm 习语) hopping mad => hop1. like `mad (infml 口) very much, quickly, etc 非常、 极快地等: * smoke, run, work, etc like mad 拼命地吸烟、 跑、 工作等. (as) mad as a `hatter/a March `hare (infml 口) completely insane 像叁月里（交尾期）野兔般疯狂. mad `keen (on sb/sth) (infml 口) very interested (in sb/sth) or enthusiastic (about sb/sth) （对某人[某事物]）极感兴趣或很入迷:

mad1
* She's mad keen on hockey/on Arthur Higgins. 她极喜爱曲棍球[阿瑟．希金斯]. stark raving/staring mad => stark. 派生： madly adv 1 in an insane manner 疯狂地: madly bent on further conquests 疯狂地决心进一步征服. 2 (infml 口) extremely 极端地; 极其: madly excited, jealous, etc 极其激动、 嫉妒等 * She's madly in love with him. 她如醉如痴地爱着他. madness n [U] 1 state of being insane; insane behaviour 疯狂; 精神错乱; 精神失常: His madness cannot be cured. 他的疯病无法医治. 2 extreme foolishness 极端的愚蠢: It is madness to climb in such bad weather. 天气这麽坏还去爬山, 真是愚不可及. 3 (idm 习语) method in one's madness => method. midsummer madness => midsummer. 复合： `madhouse n 1 (infml derog 口, 贬) place where there is much confusion or noise 极为混乱或嘈杂之处: This classroom is a madhouse: be quiet! 这教室乱哄哄的, 安静点儿! 2 (dated 旧) mental hospital 精神病院; 疯人院. `madman[-mEn; -7mEn] , `madwoman ns person who is insane 疯子; 狂人.

madam
[5mAdEm; 5mAdEm] n 1 (also Madam) [sing] (fml 文) (polite form of address to a woman, whether married or unmarried, usu sb one does not know personally 对女子的敬称, 对已婚未婚者均可使用, 通常用於不相识者): * Can I help you, madam? 小姐, 您有什麽事? * Dear Madam, ie used like Dear Sir in a letter 敬启者（用於信中, 如同Dear Sir） * Madam Chairman, may I be allowed to speak? 主席先生, 我可以发言吗? Cf 参看 miss2 2. 2 [C] (infml derog 口, 贬) girl or young woman who likes to get her own way 自行其是的年轻女子: * She's a real little madam! 她可真是个我行我素的小姐! 3 [C esp sing 尤作单数] woman who is in charge of a brothel 鸨母.

Madame
[mE'da:m; - mE'dAm; mE'dAm] n (abbr 缩写 Mme) (pl Mesdames/mei'da:m; me'dam] ) (abbr 缩写 Mmes) (French title given to an older, esp married or widowed, woman or to an older woman who is not British or American 法语中对非英美年长妇女（尤指已婚或孀居者）的尊称): * Madame Lee from Hong Kong 香港的李夫人.

madcap
adj [attrib 作定语], n (typical of a) person who acts recklessly or impulsively 鲁莽的人; 爱冲动的人: some madcap adventure 某种鲁莽的冒险 * a complete madcap 十分鲁莽的人.

madden
[5mAdn; 5mAdn] v [Tn] make (sb) mad(4); irritate; annoy 使（某人）疯狂; 激怒; 使恼火: * It maddens me that she was chosen instead of me! 选中了她而没选中我, 真把人气死! 派生： maddening[5mAdniN; 5mAdniN] adj annoying; irritating 激怒人的; 使人恼火的: * maddening delays 恼人的延误 * Her laziness is quite maddening. 她很懒惰, 真气人. maddeningly adv: * maddeningly unhelpful, stupid, inefficient, etc 无用、 愚蠢、 效率低...得令人恼火.

madder
[5mAdE(r); 5mAdl] n [U] (red dye obtained from the root of a) climbing plant with yellowish flowers 茜草; 茜草染料.

made
pt, pp of make1.

Madeira
[mE'diErE; mE'dirE] n [U, C] white dessert wine from the island of Madeira 马德拉岛白葡萄酒. 复合： Ma`deira cake type of sponge-cake 马德拉蛋糕.

Madonna
[mE'dCnE; mE'danE] n 1 the Madonna [sing] the Virgin Mary, mother of Jesus Christ 圣母马利亚（耶稣基督的母亲）. 2 (usu 通常作 madonna) [C] statue or picture of the Virgin Mary 圣母马利亚的雕像或画像: * There was a madonna on the altar. 祭坛上有一座圣母马利亚的雕像.

madrigal
[5mAdrigl; 5mAdrigl] n (esp 16-century) songfor several voices, usu without instrumental accompaniment,on the themes of love and/or nature （尤指16世纪的）牧歌（以爱情和大自然为主题, 通常无乐器伴奏的多声部歌曲）.

maelstrom
[5meilstrCm; 5melstram] n (usu sing 通常作单数) 1 great whirlpool 大漩涡. 2 (fig 比喻) state of violent confusion 大动乱: * the maelstrom of war 大战乱 * She was drawn into a maelstrom of revolutionary events. 她被卷入革命事件的洪流中.

maestro
[5maistrEu; 5maistro] n (pl ~s or maestri/ 5maIstrI; `maIstrI/) (with a capital letter when followed by a name 後接名字时其首字母需大写) (title given to a) master in the arts, esp a great musical composer, conductor or teacher （艺术）大师（尤用以称作曲家、 指挥家或音乐教师）: * Maestro Giulini 指挥家朱利尼大师 * the maestri of the seventeenth century 十七世纪的音乐大师.

Mafia
[5mAfiE; - ma:f-; 5mafiE] n [CGp] 1 the Mafia (a) secret organization of criminals in Sicily 黑手党（西西里岛的秘密犯罪组织）. (b) similar organization active esp in Italy and the USA 类似黑手党的犯罪组织（尤指在意大利和美国活动的）: * [attrib 作定语] a Mafia boss, gang, killing, plot 黑社会的首领、 匪帮、 谋杀、 阴谋. 2 mafia (derog or joc 贬或谑) group of people who (are thought to) exert great influence secretly （被认为）秘密施加巨大影响的一夥人: * The town hall mafia will prevent this plan going through. 市政厅的幕後操纵集团将阻挠这一计画. 派生： Mafioso[7mAfi'EusEu; 7mAfi'oso] n (pl Mafiosi[-si:; -si/) member of the Mafia 黑手党党徒.

magazine
1[7mAgE'zi:n; - 'mAgEzi:n; 5mAgEzin] n (infml abbr 口语缩写作 mag) (/mg; mAg/) paper-covered periodical, usu weekly or monthly, with articles, stories, etc, by various writers 杂志; 期刊: * women's magazines 妇女杂志 * a literary magazine 文学杂志 * [attrib 作定语] a magazine article 杂志上的文章.

magenta
[mE'dVentE; mE'dVentE] adj, n [U] bright purplish red (dye) 洋红的; 洋红色; 洋红染料.

maggot
[5mAgEt; 5mAgEt] n larva or grub (esp of the bluebottle or cheese-fly), which lays its eggs in meat, cheese, etc 蛆: * People use maggots as bait when they go fishing. 人们钓鱼时用蛆作钓饵. 派生： maggoty adj full of maggots 生满蛆的: maggoty cheese, meat, etc 生蛆的乾酪、 肉等.

Magi
[5meidVai; 5medVai] n [pl] the Magi the three wise men from the East who brought gifts to the infant Jesus （将礼物带给初生的耶稣的）东方叁贤人.

magic
[5mAdVik; 5mAdVik] n [U] 1 power of apparentlyusing supernatural forces to change the form of things or influence events; superstitious practices based on this 魔法; 巫术: * They believe that it was all done by magic. 他们相信那都是魔法造成的. * black/white magic 诅咒[祈祷]巫术 * This soap works like magic the stains just disappear. 这种肥皂功效神奇--污垢顿消. * The paper turned green as if by magic. 那纸像着了魔法一样, 变绿了. Cf 参看 sorcery (sorcerer), witchcraft (witch). 2 (art of performing) tricks with mysterious results, done to entertain 魔术; 戏法; 幻术: * She's very good at magic; she can conjure a rabbit out of a hat. 她很会变魔术, 能从帽子里变出兔子来. 3 (fig approv 比喻, 褒) (a) charming or enchanting quality 魔力; 魅力: * the magic of Shakespeare's poetry, of the woods in autumn 莎士比亚诗篇的、 秋天森林的魅力. (b) thing that has this quality 具有魅力、 魔力之物: * Her piano playing is absolute magic. 她的钢琴弹得真是出神入化. 派生： magic adj 1 used in or using magic 魔法或魔术中使用的; 用魔法或魔术的: a magic spell, word, trick, etc 具有魔力的符咒、 咒语、 把戏等 * the magic arts 魔术技艺. 2 (sl 俚) wonderful; excellent 绝妙的; 极好的: That music is really magic! 那音乐真是妙不可言! * We had a magic time today! 我们今天玩得很痛快! * You got the tickets? Magic! 你弄到票了? 太棒了! magic v (pt, pp magicked) (phr v) magic sth away cause sth to disappear by magic 用魔术使某物消失: The conjurer magicked the bird away. 那个魔术师把鸟变没了. * (fig 比喻) As soon as the trouble began, his bodyguards magicked him away. 动乱刚一开始, 他的警卫就像变魔术似地把他弄走了. magic sth from/out of sth produce sth by magic from sth 用魔术变出某物: She magicked a rabbit out of a hat. 她从帽子里变出一只兔子来. magical[-kl; -kl]

magic1
adj 1 of, used in or like magic （像）魔法的; （像）魔术的; （像）魔法或魔术中使用的: * awizard's magical hat 男巫的魔帽. 2 (infml 口) charming; enchanting 迷人的; 有魅力的: * a magical view over the calm waters of the bay 海湾里平静海水的迷人景色. magically[-kli; -kli] adv. magician/mE'dViFn; mE'dViFEn] n person who is skilled in magic(2) 魔术师; 变戏法的人. Cf 参看 conjurer (conjure1). 复合： magic `carpet (in fairy stories) carpet that is able to fly and carry people （童话故事中）能载人飞行的魔毯. magic `eye (infml 口) photoelectric device which shows that sb/sth is present or which is used to control an electric or electronic device 电眼; 光调谐指示器; 电子射线管: lifts opened and closed by a magic eye 用电眼控制开关的电梯.

magisterial
[7mAdVi'stiEriEl; 7mAdVis'tiriEl] adj (fml 文) 1 having or showing authority 有权威的; 表现出权威的: * a magisterial manner, statement, pronouncement 权威性的态度、 说法、 声明. 2 of or conducted by a magistrate 地方法官的; 地方法官办的: * magisterial decisions, proceedings 地方法官的决定、 诉讼程序. > magisterially[-iEli; -iEli] adv: * dismiss the servants magisterially 威严地解雇仆人.

magistrate
[5mAdVistreit; 5mAdVis7tret] n official who acts as a judge in the lowest courts; Justice of the Peace 地方法官; 治安官: * The Magistrates' Courts 地方法院 * come up before the magistrate 在地方法院出庭. 派生： magistracy[5mAdVistrEsi; 5mAdVistrEsi] n 1 [C] position of a magistrate 地方法官或治安官的职位. 2 the magistracy [Gp] magistrates as a group 地方法官团; 治安官团: * He's been elected to the magistracy. 他已选进地方法官团.

magma
[5mAgmE; 5mAgmE] n [U] molten rock found beneath the earth's crust 岩浆. =>illus at volcano 见volcano插图.

magnanimous
[mAg'nAnimEs; mAg'nAnEmEs] adj having or showing great generosity (esp towards a rival, an enemy, etc) 宽宏大量的, 慷慨的（尤指对竞争者、 敌人等）: * a magnanimous person, gesture, gift 大方的人、 姿态、 礼物 * a leader who was magnanimous in victory, ie when he won 在胜利时宽宏大度的领袖. 派生： magnanimity[7mAgnE'nimEti; 7mAgnE'nimEti] n [U] being magnanimous 宽宏大量; 慷慨: * show great magnanimity towards an opponent 对敌手表现出极大的宽容. magnanimously adv.

magnate
[5mAgneit; 5mAgnet] n wealthy and powerful landowner or industrialist 有财有势的地主或工业家: * an industrial magnate 工业巨头.

magnesia
[mAg'ni:FE; mAg'niFE] n [U] white tasteless powder (carbonate of magnesium) used in liquid form as a medicine, and in industry 氧化镁; 镁氧.

magnesium
[mAg'ni:ziEm; - mAg'ni:VEm; mAg'niVEm] n [U] (chemistry 化) silver-white metallic element that burns with a very bright flame and is used to make alloys and fireworks, and in flash photography 镁. =>App 10 见附录10.

magnet
[5mAgnit; 5mAgnit] n 1 piece of iron, often ina horseshoe shape, which can attract iron, either naturallyor because of an electric current passed through it, and which points roughly north and south when freely suspended 磁铁; 磁石. =>illus 见插图. 2 (fig 比喻) person or thing that has a powerful attraction 有强大吸引力的人或物: * This disco is a magnet for young people. 这家迪斯科舞厅经常吸引大批年轻的顾客. 派生： magnetism[5mAgnitizEm; 5mAgnE7tizEm] n [U] 1 (science of the) properties and effects of magnetic substances 磁性; 磁性作用; 磁学. 2 (fig 比喻) great personal charm and attraction 人的魅力和吸引力: * the magnetism of a great cinema performer 一杰出电影演员的魅力. magnetize, -ise[5mAgnEtaiz; 5mAgnE7taiz] v [Tn] 1 cause (sth) to become magnetic 使（某物）磁化, 起磁: * This screwdriver has been magnetized. 这把改锥已经磁化了. 2 (fig 比喻) attract (sb) strongly, as if by magnetism 强烈吸引（某人）: * She can magnetize a theatre audience. 她能像磁石般吸引剧院观众.

magnetic
[mAg'netik; mAg'netik] adj 1 with the properties of a magnet 有磁性的: * The block becomes magnetic when the current is switched on. 通电时线圈即具磁性. 2 (fig 比喻) having a powerful attraction 有强大吸引力的: * a magnetic smile, personality 极有吸引力的微笑、 性格. 3 of magnetism 磁性的; 磁的: * magnetic properties, forces, etc 磁性、 磁力. > magnetically[-klI; -klI/ adv. 复合： magnetic `compass = compass1. magnetic `field area round a magnet where a magnetic force is exerted 磁场. magnetic `mine underwater mine2(2) that explodes when a large mass of iron, eg a ship, approaches it 磁性水雷. magnetic `needle needle that points roughly north and south, used on a compass 磁针. magnetic `north northerly direction indicated by a magnetic needle 磁北: magnetic north pole, ie close to the geographical North Pole but not identical with it 磁北极. magnetic `tape plastic tape coated with iron oxide, used for recording sound or television pictures 磁带; 录音带; 录像带.

magneto
[mAg'ni:tEu; mAg'nito] n (pl ~s) electric apparatus that produces the sparks for the ignition of an internal combustion engine 电磁机; 永磁发电机.

Magnificat
[mAg'nifikAt; mAg'nifi7kAt] n [sing] the Magnificat song of the Virgin Mary praising God, used in Church of England services 尊主颂（童贞女马利亚赞美上帝之歌, 用於英国国教礼拜中）.

magnificent
[mAg'nifisnt; mAg'nifEsnt] adj splendid; remarkable; impressive 壮丽的; 宏伟的; 壮观的: * a magnificent Renaissance palace 文艺复兴时期的宏伟宫殿 * her magnificent generosity 她那豪爽的慷慨. > mag-nificence[-sns; -sns] n [U]: * the magnificence of the ceremonies 仪式的壮观. magnificently adv.

magnify
[5mAgnifai; 5mAgnE7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] make (sth) appear larger, as a lens or microscope does （用放大器或显微镜）放大（某物）: * bacteria magnified to 1000 times their actual size 比实物放大1000倍的的细菌. =>illus 见插图. 2 [Tn] (fml 文) exaggerate (sth) 夸大（某事物）: * magnify the dangers, risks, uncertainties, etc 夸大危险性、 冒险性、 易变性等. 3 [Tn] (arch 古) give praise to (God) 赞美（上帝）: * My soul doth magnify the Lord. 我的心赞美上主的伟大. 派生： magnifier[-faiE(r); -7fail] n device, etc that magnifies 放大器; 放大装置; 放大镜. magnification[7mAgnifi'keiFn; 7mAgnEfE'keFEn] n 1 [U] (power of) magnifying 放大; 放大能力: * a lens with excellent magnification 放大能力极佳的透镜. 2 [C] amount of increase in apparent size 放大率; 放大倍数: * This object has been photographed at a magnification of 3, ie three times actual size. 此物体拍照时已放大了叁倍. 复合： `magnifying glass hand-held lens used for magnifyingobjects 放大镜. =>illus 见插图.

magniloquent
[mAg'nilEkwEnt; mAg'nilEkwEnt] adj (fml 文) (a) (of words, speech) pompous-sounding （指言词、 讲话）夸张的, 夸大的. (b) (of a person) using pompous-sounding words （指人）使用夸张的言词的. >magniloquence[-Ens; -Ens] n [U]. magnilo-quentlyadv.

magnitude
[5mAgnitju:d; - -tu:d; 5mAgnE7tud] n [U] 1 (fml 文) (usu large) size （通常指大的）量, 大小: * The magnitude of the epidemic was frightening. 这种流行病传播范围之广令人惊惶不安. 2 (degree of) importance 重要; 重要性; 重要程度: * You don't appreciate the magnitude of her achievement. 你没有认识到她这一成就的重大意义. * a discovery of the first magnitude, ie a most important discovery 一项极重要的发现. 3 (astronomy 天) degree of brightness of a star 星等（表示星体亮度的等级）: * a star of the first, second, etc magnitude 一等星、 二等星.

magnolia
[mAg'nEuliE; mAg'noliE] n tree with large sweet-smelling wax-like flowers, usu white or pink 木兰.

magnum
[5mAgnEm; 5mAgnEm] n (bottle containing) 1.5 litres of wine or spirits 1.5升的酒（瓶）: * a magnum of champagne 1.5升的香槟.

magnum opus
[7mAgnEm 'EupEs; 5mAgnEm 'opEs] (Latin 拉) work of art or literature regarded as its author's greatest （某艺术家或文学家的）最伟大的作品, 杰作, 巨着.

magpie
[5mAgpai; 5mAg7pai] n 1 noisy black-and-white bird that is attracted by, and often takes away, small bright objects 喜鹊. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page iv. 2 (fig derog 比喻, 贬) (a) person who collects or hoards things 爱收集或贮藏东西的人. (b) person who chatters a lot 爱饶舌的人.

Magyar
[5mAgja:(r); 5mAgjar] n, adj (member or language) of the main ethnic group in Hungary 马札尔人（的）; 马札尔语（的）.

maharaja
(also maharajah)[7ma:hE'ra:dVE; 7mahE'radVE] n (title of an) Indian prince （印度的）土邦主, 王公（的称号）. 派生： maharani (also maharanee)[7ma:hE'ra:ni:;7mahE'rani] n wife of a maharaja; queen or princess with a position like that of a maharaja （印度的）土邦主之妻, 女土邦主.

maharishi
[7ma:hE'riFi:; - mE'ha:rEFi:; mE'harEFi] n Hindu wise man （印度的）智者, 圣贤.

mahatma
[mE'ha:tmE, mE'htmE; mE'hatmE, mE'hAtmE] n (in India) title given to a person regarded with great reverence because of his wisdom and holiness （印度的）伟人, 圣贤（用作尊称）: * Mahatma Gandhi 圣雄甘地.

mahlstick
= maulstick.

mahogany
[mE'hCgEni; mE'hagEni] n 1 [C, U] (tropicaltree with) hard reddish-brown wood used esp for making furniture 桃花心木（树）（热带产之坚硬红木, 尤用以制家具）: * I'm going to use mahogany to make the book-case. 我打算用桃花心木做书橱. * This table is mahogany. 这张桌子是桃花心木的. * [attrib 作定语] a mahogany chair, desk, etc 桃花心木的椅子、 书桌等. 2 [U] reddish-brown colour 红褐色: * with skin tanned to a deep mahogany 皮肤晒成深红褐色. 派生： mahogany adj of a reddish-brown colour 红褐色的: mahogany skin 红褐色的皮肤.

maid
[meid; med] n 1 (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) woman servant 女仆; 侍女: * We have a maid to do the housework. 我们有个女仆干家务活儿. * a `dairy-maid, `housemaid, `nursemaid, etc 奶场女工、 女仆、 保姆. 2 (arch 古) young unmarried woman; girl 未婚的年轻女子; 姑娘: * love between a man and a maid 一男子与一年轻姑娘的爱情. 复合： ,maid of `honour (a) principal bridesmaid 首席女傧相. (b) unmarried woman attending a queen or princess （女王、 王后或公主的）未婚侍女. `maidservant n (dated 旧) maid(1) 女仆; 侍女. Cf 参看 manservant (man).

maiden
[5meidn; 5medn] n 1 (arch 古) girl or unmarried woman 少女; 姑娘; 未婚女子. 2 (also ,maiden `over) (in cricket) over3 in which no runs are scored （板球）未得分的一轮投球. 派生： `maidenhood[-hud; -7hud] n [U] (fml 文) (a) state of being a maiden; virginity 处女身分; 童贞. (b) period when one is a maiden 少女时期. maidenly adj (approv 褒) gentle and modest; of orlike a maiden 文雅的; 温顺的; （似）少女的: her maidenlyshyness 她那少女的 腆. 复合： maiden `aunt unmarried aunt （未婚的）姑, 姨. `maidenhair n [U] type of fern with fine stalks and delicate fronds 掌叶铁线蕨. `maidenhead[-hed; -7hed] n (arch 古) 1 [C] hymen 处女膜. 2 [U] virginity 童贞. `maiden name woman's family name before her marriage （女子的）娘家的姓. maiden `speech first speech in Parliament by a Member of Parliament （议员在议会中的）首次演说. maiden `voyage ship's first voyage （船的）首航, 处女航.

mail
1[meil; mel] n 1 [U] official system of collecting, transporting and delivering letters and parcels 邮政; 邮政系统; 邮政制度: * send a letter by airmail 寄一封航空信 * The letter is in the mail. 信在邮寄途中. * [attrib 作定语] the mail van, service, train 邮政汽车、 服务、 列车 * the `mail-coach, ie horse-drawn coach formerly used for carrying letters, etc （旧时）邮政马车. 2 (a) [U] letters, parcels, etc sent by post 信件; 邮包; 邮件: * Post office workers sort the mail. 邮局工作人员分拣邮件. * There isn't much mail today. 今天邮件不多. * The office mail is opened in the morning. 公务信件在早晨开启. (b) [C] letters, parcels, etc delivered or collected at one time 一次发送或收取的邮件: * I want this letter to catch the afternoon mail. 我想让这封信赶得及能随下午收取的邮件走. * Is there another mail in the afternoon? 下午还另有一批邮件吗? Cf 参看 post3. 派生： mail v [Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) (esp US) send sth (to sb) by post （给某人）寄某物: Mail me a new form, please. 请给我寄一张新表格. * I'll mail it to you tomorrow. 我明天把它寄给你. Cf 参看 post4. mailer n (US) (usu small) container or envelope in which sth is sent by post （通常为小的）邮寄物品的容器或封套. 复合： `mail-bag n strong sack in which letters, parcels, etc are carried 邮袋. `mailbox n (US) 1 = letter-box (letter). 2 = post-box (post3). `mailing list list of names and addresses of persons to whom advertising material, etc is to be sent regularly 邮寄名单: Please add my name to your mailing list. 请把我的名字加入你们的邮寄名单中. `mailman[-mAn; -7mAn] n (pl -men[-mEn; -mEn] ) (US) = postman (post3). `mail order system of buying and selling goods by post 邮购制度: buy sth by mail order 以邮购方式购买某物 * [attrib 作定语] a mail-order business, ie one dealing in mail-order goods 邮购商行

mail1
* a mail-order catalogue, ie one which lists mail-order goods and their prices 邮购商品价目表. `mailshot n (a) piece of advertising material sent to potential customers by post （寄给潜在客户的）广告材料. (b) act of sending these 给潜在客户邮寄广告材料.

maim
[meim; mem] v [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] wound or injure (sb) so that part of the body cannot be used 使（某人）残废: * He was maimed in a First World War battle. 他在第一次世界大战的一埸战斗中受伤致残.

main
1[mein; men] adj [attrib 作定语] (no comparative or superlative forms 无比较级或最高级形式) 1 most important; chief; principal 最重要的; 主要的; 首要的: * the main thing to remember 要记住的主要东西 * the main street of a town 市内的主要街道 * Be careful crossing that main road. 过那条大路时要小心. * the main meal of the day 一天的正餐 * the main course (of a meal) （一餐的）主菜 * My main concern is the welfare of the children. 我最关心的是儿童的福利. 2 (idm 习语) have an eye for/on/to the main chance => eye1. in the `main for the most part; on the whole 大体上; 大致上: * These businessmen are in the main honest. 这些商人大都很诚实. 派生： mainly adv chiefly; primarily 主要地; 首要地: You are mainly to blame. 主要应当责备你. * The people in the streets were mainly tourists. 街上的人大多是游客. 复合： main `clause (grammar) clause(1) that can stand on its own to make a sentence 主句. `main deck upper deck of a ship 主甲板. main `drag (infml 口 esp US) main street of a town or city （城镇的）主要街道, 大街. `mainframe n (also mainframe com`puter) large powerful computer with an extensive memory （计算机的）主机. Cf 参看 microcomputer, minicomputer. `mainland[-lAnd; -7lAnd] n [sing] large mass of land forming a country, continent, etc without its islands 大陆. ,main `line principal railway line between two places （铁路的）干线, 主线: the main line from London to Coventry 从伦敦到考文垂的铁路干线 * [attrib 作定语] a ,main-line `train, `station 铁路干线列车、 车站. `mainline v [Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (into sth) (sl 俚) inject (a drug) into a large vein for stimulation, often because of addiction 将（毒品）注入大静脉（常因犯瘾）:be mainlining on hard drugs 注射硬性毒品 * She mainlinedheroin (into a vein in her arm). 她（向臂静脉中）注射海洛因.

main1
`mainmast n principal mast of a sailing ship 主桅. `mainsail[5meinsl, 'meinseil; 5mensl, 'men7sel] n principalsail on a sailing-ship, usu attached to the mainmast （主桅上的）主帆. =>illus at yacht 见yacht插图. `mainspring n 1 principal spring of a clock or watch （钟表的）主发条. 2 (fml fig 文, 比喻) chief motive or reason (for sth) （某事的）主要动机或原因: Her jealousy is the mainspring of the novel's plot. 这部小说情节中贯穿了她的忌妒之心. `mainstay[-stei; -7ste] n 1 rope from the top of the mainmast to the base of the foremast 主桅支索. 2 (fig 比喻) chief support (er) 主要的依靠; 支柱: * He is the mainstay of our theatre group. 他是我们剧组的台柱. `mainstream n [sing] 1 dominant trend, tendency, etc 主要倾向、 趋势等; 主流: the mainstream of political thought 政治思潮的主流 * [attrib 作定语] mainstream politics 主流政治学. 2 style of jazz that is neither traditional nor modern 主流派爵士乐（介乎传统与现代之间者）: [attrib 作定语] a mainstream band, player 主流派爵士乐乐队、 演奏者.

mainbrace
[5meinbreis; 5men7bres] n (idm 习语) splice the main brace => splice.

maintain
[mein'tein; men'ten] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) cause sth to continue; keep sth in existence at the same level, standard, etc 保持或维持某事物: * maintain friendly relations, contacts, etc (with sb) （与某人）保持友好关系、 接触等 * enough food to maintain one's strength 足以维持体力的食物 * maintain law and order 维持法治 * maintain prices, ie prevent them falling 维持住物价（防止跌落） * maintain one's rights 保留自己的权利 * Maintain your speed at 60 mph. 你要保持每小时60英里的速度. * The improvement in his health is being maintained. 他的健康状况仍在继续好转. 2 [Tn] support (sb) financially 在财务上支持（某人）; 赡养; 扶养: * earn enough to maintain a family in comfort 挣的钱足以维持一家人过舒适的生活 * This school is maintained by a charity. 该校由一慈善机构资助. * She maintains two sons at university. 她供两个儿子上大学. 3 [Tn] keep (sth) in good condition or working order 保养, 维修（某物）: * maintain the roads, a house, a car, etc 保养道路、 房子、 汽车等 * Engineers maintain the turbines. 机修工维修涡轮机. * a well-maintained house 保养良好的房子. 4 [Tn, Tf] assert (sth) as true 断言（某事）属实; 坚持: * maintain one's innocence 坚持自己无辜 * maintain that one is innocent of a charge 对某项指控坚称无罪.

maintenance
[5meintEnEns; 5mentEnEns] n [U] 1 maintaining or being maintained 保持; 维持; 赡养; 保养; 维修; 坚持: * the maintenance of good relations between countries 保持国与国之间的友好关系 * price maintenance 保持价格不变 * money for the maintenance of one's family 养家的钱 * He's taking classes in car maintenance. 他正在上汽车维修课. * [attrib 作定语] a maintenance man, gang, van 维修工人、 队、 车. 2 (law 律) money that one is legally required to pay to support sb （根据法律须付的）赡养费, 扶养费: * He has to pay maintenance to his ex-wife. 他必须负担前妻的生活费用. Cf 参看 alimony. 复合： `maintenance order (law 律) order to pay maintenance(2) 赡养令; 扶养令.

maisonette
(also maisonnette)[7meizE'net; 7mezE'net] n 1 self-contained dwelling on two floors, part of a larger building or block 占有两层楼的公寓. 2 (dated 旧) small house 小房子.

maize
[meiz; mez] n [U] tall cereal plant bearing yellow grain on large ears 玉蜀黍; 玉米. Cf 参看 corn on the cob (corn1), sweetcorn (sweet1).

Maj
abbr 缩写 = Major: Maj (James) Williams （詹姆斯．）威廉斯少校 * Maj-Gen (ie Major-General) (Tom) Phillips （汤姆．）菲利普斯少将.

majestic
[mE'dVestik; mE'dVestik] adj having or showing majesty; stately; grand 威严的; 壮丽的; 高贵的; 宏伟的: * majestic views, scenery, etc 壮丽的景色、 风景等 * The great ship looked majestic in her new colours. 这艘巨轮着上新漆显得很雄伟. > majestically[-kli; -kli] adv: * She strode majestically through the palace. 她威严地大步在宫殿中走过.

majesty
[5mAdVEsti; 5mAdVEsti] n 1 [U] (a) impressive dignity and stateliness; grandeur, as of a king or queen 庄严; 威严; （如国王的）尊严: * all the majesty of royal ceremonies 皇家仪典的富丽堂皇 * (fig 比喻) the majesty of the mountain scenery 高山景色的雄伟. (b) royal power 王权. 2 Majesty [C] (used with a precedingpossess det to address or speak of a royal person or royal people 冠以所有格限定词, 用以称呼或提及王室人员):Very well, Your Majesty. 是的, 陛下. * at His/Her Majesty'scommand 奉国王[女王]陛下谕旨 * Their Majesties have arrived. 国王与王后陛下已驾到.

major
1[5meidVE(r); 5medVl] adj 1 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (more) important; great (er) （较）重要的; （较）大的; 主要的: * a major road 干路 * the major portion 较大的部分 * a major operation, ie a surgical operation that could be dangerous to a person's life 大手术（可能危及生命者） * a major suit, ie (in cards, esp bridge) either spades or hearts （纸牌, 尤指桥牌的）高花色牌（黑桃或红桃） * We have encountered major problems. 我们遇到大问题了. * She has written a major novel, ie one of high quality and great importance. 她写了一部高质量的小说. Cf 参看 minor. 2 (Brit dated or joc 旧或谑) (in private schools) first or older of two brothers or boys with the same surname (esp in the same school) （私立学校中）（兄弟俩或同姓男生中）年长的, 大的: * Smith major 大史密斯. Cf 参看 minor, senior. 3 (music 音) (of a key or scale) having two full tones between the first and third notes （指调或音阶）大调的, 大音阶的: * the major key 大调 * a major scale 大音阶 * the key of C major, E flat major, etc C大调、 降E大调. Cf 参看 minor. 派生： major v [Ipr] ~ in sth (US) specialize in a certain subject (at college or university) 主修（大专院校的）科目: She majored in maths and physics (at university). 她（在大学）主修数学和物理. major n 1 [sing] (music 音) major key 大调: shift from major to minor 由大调转到小调. 2 [C] (US) (a) principal subject or course of a student at college or university （大专院校学生的）主修科目, 主修课程, 专业: Her major is French. 她的主修科目是法语. (b) student studying such a subject 某专业的学生: She's a French major. 她是法语专业的学生. 3 majors [pl] (also major `leagues) (US sport 体) senior and most important leagues, esp in baseball and ice hockey 高级联赛协会（尤指棒球及冰上曲棍球的）: [attrib 作定语] major league baseball 高级联赛协会棒球赛.

major1
复合： major `premise the first, more general statement of a syllogism （逻辑学叁段论法的）大前提.

majority
[mE'dVCrEti; - -'dVC:r-; mE'dVCrEti] n 1 [Gp] the greater number or part; most 大多数; 大半; 大多: * A/The majority of people seem to prefer TV to radio. 大部分人似乎喜欢看电视而不喜欢听收音机. * The majority was/were in favour of the proposal. 多数人赞成这个建议. * [attrib 作定语] majority opinion, rule 多数人的意见、 多数裁定原则. Cf 参看 minority. 2 [C] ~ (over sb) (a) number by which votes for one side exceed those for the other side 超过对方的票数: * She was elected by a majority of 3749. 她以超过对方3749票当选. * They had a large majority over the other party at the last election. 在上次选举中他们以悬殊的票数击败了对方. * The government does not have an overall majority, ie a majority over all other parties together. 政府没有获得（超过各党派票数的）总合多数票. (b) (US) number by which votes for one candidate exceed those for all other candidates together 多数票（一候选人的选票超过其他候选人票数的总和）. Cf 参看 plurality 3. 3 [sing] legal age of full adulthood 成年的法定年龄: * The age of majority is eighteen. 成年的法定年龄是18岁. * She reaches her majority next month. 她下个月就到成年年龄了. 4 (idm 习语) be in the/a majority form the greater part/the larger number 构成大部分[大多数]: * Among the members of the committee those who favour the proposed changes are in the majority. 委员中赞成提出修改意见的占大多数. the silent majority => silent. 复合： ma,jority `verdict (law 律) verdict of the majority of a jury （陪审团）多数的裁决.

make
1[meik; mek] v (pt, pp made/meid; med] ) CONSTRUCTING OR CREATING 建造或创造 1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (from/(out) of sth); ~ sth (for sb) construct, create or prepare sth by combining materials or putting parts together （用材料或零件）做、 制作、 制造、 建造或创造某物: make a car, a dress, a cake 制造汽车、 做连衣裙、 做蛋糕 * make bread, cement, wine 做面包、 制水泥、 酿葡萄酒 * make (ie manufacture) paper 造纸 * God made man. 上帝创造了人类. * She makes her own clothes. 她的衣服都是她自己做的. * Wine is made from grapes. 葡萄酒是用葡萄酿制的. * `What is your bracelet made of?’ `It's made of gold.’ ‘你的镯子是什麽材料做的?’‘是金的.’ * I made myself a cup of tea. 我自己沏了一杯茶. * She made coffee for all of us. 她给我们大家煮了咖啡. * This car wasn't made (ie is not big enough) to carry eight people. 这辆汽车不是坐八个人的. (b) [Tn.pr esp passive 尤用於被动语态] ~ sth into sth put (materials or parts) together to produce sth 将（材料或零件）做成或制成某物: Glass is made into bottles. 玻璃可制成瓶子. (c) [Tn] arrange (a bed) so that it is ready for use 铺（床）: Please make your beds before breakfast. 请在早饭前把床铺好. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] cause (sth) to appear by breaking, tearing, removing material or striking （藉打破、 撕破、 移去材料或敲击）使（某物）出现, 形成: The stone made a dent in the roof of my car. 我的汽车顶让石头砸了个坑. * The holes in the cloth were made by moths. 布上的洞是虫子蛀的. 3 [Tn] create (sth); establish 制定（某事物）; 规定: These regulations were made to protect children. 这些规则是为保护儿童而制定的. * Who made this ridiculous rule? 这条荒唐的规则是谁定的? 4 [Tn] write, compose or prepare (sth) 写, 创作, 准备（某事物）: make one's will 立遗嘱 * make a treaty with sb 与某人签订协议

make1
* She has made (ie directed)make10 /// * Nothing can make up for the loss (ie death) of a child. 孩子的死亡是无可弥补的损失. * The beautiful autumn made up for the wet summer. 美丽的秋季抵消了多雨的夏季这一缺憾. make up (to sb) for sth compensate sb for the trouble or suffering one has caused him （因给某人带来麻烦或苦难）酬谢或报答某人: How can I make up for the way I've treated you? 我这样待你, 真不知怎样才能向你赔罪. make up to sb (infml 口) be pleasant to sb in order to win favours 讨好或巴结某人: He's always making up to the boss. 他总是巴结老板. make it up to sb (infml 口) compensatesb for sth he has missed or suffered or for money he has spent 补偿某人的损失、 遭受的不幸或花费的钱财: Thanks for buying my ticket I'll make it up to you later. 感谢你给我买了票--我稍後再还给你钱. make (it) `up (with sb) end a quarrel or dispute with sb 与某人和解或和好: Why don't you two kiss and make up? 你们俩接个吻, 言归於好吧! * Has he made it up with her yet/Have they made it up yet? 他跟她[他们]和好了吗? make with sth (US sl 俚) (esp imperative 尤用於祈使句) produce or supply sth quickly 迅速拿出或提供某物: Make with the beers, buster! 伙计, 拿啤酒来! make it with sb (sl 俚) succeed in having sex with sb 与某人性交: Terry made it with Sharon on the back seat of his car. 特里在他的汽车後排座位上和沙伦发生关系了. 复合： `make-believe n [U] (a) pretending or imagining things; fantasizing 假装; 想像; 幻想: indulge in make-believe 沉溺於幻想中. (b) things thus imagined 想像之物: live in a world of make-believe 生活在幻想的世界中 * [attrib 作定语] a make-believe world 想像的世界. `make-up n 1 [U] cosmetics such as powder, lipstick, etc used by a woman to make herself more attractive, or by an actor 化妆品; 化装用品: She never wears make-up. 她从来不搽化妆品. * Her make-up is smudged. 她搽的化妆品已蹭污了.

make11
2 [sing] (a) combination of qualities that form a person's character or temperament 性格; 气质: Jealousy is not part of his make-up. 他的品性中没有忌妒. (b) combination of things, people, etc that form sth; composition of sth （事物、 人等的）组合; 构成: There are plans to change the make-up of the committee, ie to replace some of the people who work on it. 有计画要改变委员会的人员组成. 3 [C usu sing 通常作单数] arrangement of type, illustrations, etc on a printed page 排版; 拼版.

make2
8 [Cn.a, Cn.n, Cn.i] represent (sb/sth) as being or doing sth 使（某人[某事物]）表现出某状况: You've made my nose too big, eg in a drawing or painting. 你把我的鼻子画得太大了. * The novelist makes his heroine commit suicide at the end of the book. 那小说作者在书的结尾让他的女主人公自杀了. 9 [Cn.n] elect (sb); appoint 选举（某人）; 指派: make sb king, an earl, a peer, etc 拥戴某人当国王、封某人为伯爵、 封某人为贵族 * He was made spokesmanby the committee. 委员会派他当发言人. * She made him her assistant. 她委派他作自己的助手. 10 [Tn.pr, Cn.n] ~ sth of sb/sth cause sb/sth to be or become sth 使某人[某事物]处於某状况或变成某事物: We'll make a footballer of him yet, ie turn him into a good footballer despite the fact that he is not a good one now. 我们还是要把他造就成优秀的足球运动员（虽然他现在还不是）. * This isn't very important I don't want to make an issue of it. 这并不十分重要--我不想使其成为争论之点. * Don't make a habit of it/Don't make it a habit. 不要养成那样的习惯. * She made it her business (ie special task) to find out who was responsible. 她非要弄清是谁的责任不可. BEING OR BECOMING SOMETHING 成为...或变为... 11 [Ln] be or become (sth) through development; turn out to be 演变成（某事物）; 结果是: If you train hard, you'll make a good footballer. 你要刻苦训练就能成为优秀的足球运动员. * He'll never make an actor. 他决当不成演员. * She would have made an excellent teacher. 她本可以成为杰出的教师. 12 [Ln] serve or function as (sth); constitute 用作（某事物）; 起（某事物）的作用; 组成; 构成: That will make a good ending to the book. 那就成了这本书很好的结尾. * This hall would make an excellent theatre. 这座大厅可当作极好的剧院. 13 [Ln] add up to (sth); equal; amount to; constitute 合计等於（某数）; 总计; 构成: 5 and 7 make 12.

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5加7等於12. * A hundred pence make one pound. 一百便士为一镑. * How many members make a quorum? 起码的法定人数是多少? * His thrillers make enthralling reading. 他的惊险小说引人入胜. * The play makes a splendid evening's entertainment. 这出剧是极好的晚间消遣. 14 [Ln] count as (sth) 算做（某事物）: That makes the tenth time he's failed his driving test! 他驾驶测验不及格, 这次算第十次了! GAINING OR WINNING 获得或赢得 15 [Tn] earn (sth); gain; acquire 赚得（某事物）; 获得; 取得: She makes 15000 a year. 她一年挣15000英镑. * make a profit/loss 盈利[亏损] * He made a fortune on the stock market. 他在股票交易中发了财. * How much do you stand to make? 你决计要赚多少钱? 16 [Tn] (in cricket) score (sth) （在板球中）得（若干）分: England made 235 for 5. 英格兰队5名击球手共得235分. * Botham made a century. 博瑟姆得了一百分. 17 (in card games, esp bridge 用於牌戏, 尤於桥牌中) (a) [Tn] win a trick with (a particular card) 打（某张牌）赢一墩: She made her ten of hearts. 她打出红桃十赢了一墩. (b) [Tn] win (a trick) or fulfil (a contract) 赢（一墩）; 完成（一定约墩数的约定）. (c) [I, Tn] shuffle (the cards) 洗（牌）: It's my turn to make. 该我洗牌了. 18 [Tn] (sl sexist 俚, 性别偏见) succeed in having sex with (a woman) 与（某女子）性交: The guy doesn't make the girl until the last chapter. 直到最後一章那个男子才和那个姑娘发生了性关系. OTHER MEANINGS 其他意义 19 [no passive 不用於被动语态: Cn.a, Cn.n, Cn.t] calculate or estimate (sth) to be (sth) 计算, 估计（某事物）: What time do you make it?/What do you make the time? 你说现在几点了? * How large do you make the audience? 你估计听众有多少? * I make the total (to be) about 50. 我看总乐大约50英镑. * I make the distance about 70 miles. 我估计那段距离约有70英里. 20 [Tn no passive 不用於被动语态] (a) travel over (a distance) 走过（一段距离）: We've made 100 miles today. 我们今天已走了100英里.

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(b) reach or maintain (a speed) 达到, 保持（某速度）: Can your car make a hundred miles per hour? 你的汽车一小时能开一百英里吗? (c) manage to reach (a place) 设法到达（某处）: D'you think we'll make Oxford by midday? 我们中午能到牛津吗? * The train leaves in five minutes we'll never make it, ie reach the station in time to catch it. 火车再有五分钟就开了--我们绝对赶不上了. * I'm sorry I couldn't make your party last night. 很抱歉, 昨晚我没能参加你们的聚会. * Her new novel has made (ie sold enough copies to be in) the best-seller lists. 她的新小说已列入畅销书目了. * She'll never make (ie win a place in) the team. 她绝对进不了那个运动队. * He made (ie reached the rank of) sergeant in six months. 他六个月後就当上了中士. * The story made (ie appeared on) the front page of the national newspapers. 这件事刊登在全国各报的第一版上. 21 [Tn, Dn.n] put (sth) forward; propose; offer 提出（某事）; 提议; 提供: Has she made you an offer (ie said how much money she would pay you) for your car? 她说过她愿出多少钱买你的汽车吗? * make a proposal 提出建议 * The employers made a new offer (ie of a rise in wages) to the work-force. 雇主向工人提出增加工资的新建议. * I made him a bid for the antique table. 我向他出了个价, 要买那张古董桌子. 22 [Tn] cause or ensure the success of (sth) 促成, 确保（某事）: A good wine can make a meal. 有了好酒饭就香. * It was the beautiful weather that really made the holiday. 是好天气成全了假日之美. 23 [It] behave as if one is about to do sth 表现出要做某事物的样子: He made as if to strike her. 他做出要打她的架势. * She made to go but he told her to stay. 她好像要走, 但他叫她留下. 24 eat or have (a meal) 吃（饭）; 进（餐）: We make a good breakfast before leaving. 我们动身前好好吃顿早饭. * She made a hasty lunch. 她匆匆吃了午饭.

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25 (Often used in a pattern with a n, in which make and the n have the same meaning as a v similar in spelling to the n 常用於与名词连用的句型中, 其中make和名词之组合与该名词相应之动词同义, 如 make a decision, 即 decide; make a guess (at sth), 即 guess (at sth); for other expressions of this kind, see entries for ns 查阅类似词组见有关名词词条) 26 (idm 习语) make do with sth; make (sth) `do manage with sth that is not really adequate or satisfactory 用某事物勉强应付; 将就; 凑合: We were in a hurry so we had to make do with a quick snack. 我们时间很紧, 只好胡乱吃了顿小吃. * There isn't much of it but you'll have to make (it) do. 东西不多, 你只好将就了. make `good become rich and successful 变富; 获得成功: a local boy made good, eg as a businessman 一个发迹的本地男子. make sth good (a) pay for, replace or repair sth that has been lost or damaged 赔偿、 替换或修理损坏之物: She promised to make good the loss. 她答应赔偿损失. * make good the damage 修复损坏之物 * The plaster will have to be made good before you paint it. 要先重新抹好灰泥再刷浆. (b) carry sth out; fulfil sth 履行某事; 实现某事: make good a promise, threat, etc 履行诺言、 进行威胁. `make it (infml 口) be successful in one's career 事业上获得成功: He's never really made it as an actor. 他当演员从未有所成就. make the most of sth/sb/oneself profit as much as one can from sth/sb/oneself 从某事物[某人/自己]处获取尽可能多的好处: make the most of one's chances, opportunities, talents, etc 充分利用时机、 机会、 才能等 * It's my first holiday for two years so I'm going to make the most of it. 这是我两年来的第一个假日, 所以要好好利用一下. * She really tries to make the most of herself, eg by dressing well. 她确实想尽量发挥自己的优势（如穿着漂亮）. make much of sth/sb (a) (in negative sentences and questions 用於否定句和疑问句) understand sth 理解某事物: I couldn't make much of his speech it was all in Russian. 他的演讲我大部分都听不懂--全是用俄语讲的.

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(b) treat sth/sb as very important; stress or emphasize sth 非常重视某事物[某人]; 强调某事物: He always makes much of his humble origins. 他总强调自己出身卑微. * She was always made much of by her adoring friends. 她的朋友总是那麽崇拜她. make nothing of sth easily achieve sth that appears to be difficult; treat sth as trifling 轻易做好貌似困难之事; 对某事物满不在乎. make or break sb/sth be crucial in making sb/sth either a success or a failure 为某人[某事物]成败的关键: The council's decision will make or break the local theatre. 政务委员会将要决定当地剧院的命运. * [attrib 作定语] It's make-or-break time for the local theatre. 这是当地剧院存亡攸关的时刻. (For other idioms containing make, see entries for ns, adjs, etc 查阅与make搭配的其他习语, 见有关名词、 形容词等的词条, 如 make love => love1; make merry => merry. ) 27 (phr v) make after sb/sth chase or pursue sb/sth 追逐或追捕某人[某事物]: The policeman made after the burglar. 警察追捕那窃贼. make at sb move towards sb (as if) to attack him 逼近某人（似）欲袭击: His attacker made at him with a knife. 那人持刀袭击他. make a`way with oneself commit suicide 自杀. make away with sth = make off with sth. make for sb/sth move in the direction of sb/sth; head for sb/sth 朝某人[某物]的方向移动: The ship made for the open sea. 轮船驶向公海. * It's getting late; we'd better turn and make for home. 天晚了, 我们最好折回家吧. * When the interval came everyone made for the bar. 幕间休息时, 大家都涌向酒吧. * I turned and ran when I saw the bull making for (ie charging towards) me. 我看见那头牛向我冲来, 我赶紧转身跑开了. make for sth help to make sth possible; contribute to sth 有助於做某事物; 有利於某事物: The large print makes for easier reading. 大号字体容易阅读. * make7 /// make sb/sth into sb/sth change or convert sb/sth into sb/sth 将某人[某事物]改变成或转变成某人[某事物]: We're making our attic into an extra bedroom. 我们正在把阁楼改装成一间额外的卧室. * The local cinema has been made into a bingo hall. 当地的电影院已改建成宾戈游戏厅了. make sth of sb/sth understand the meaning or nature of sb/sth to be sth 理解某人[某事物]的意义或性质: What do you make of it all? 你明白那都是什麽意思吗? * What are we to make of her behaviour? 她的表现我们应该怎样看? * What do you make of (ie think of) the new manager? 你认为这位新经理怎麽样? * I can make nothing of this scribble. 我一点也看不懂这种潦草的字. make `off (infml 口) hurry or rush away, esp in order to escape 匆匆离开; （尤指）逃走: The thieves made off in a stolen car. 小偷乘偷来的汽车溜掉了. make off with sth (infml 口) steal sth and hurry away with it 携偷得之物逃跑: Two boys made off with our cases while we weren't looking. 有两个男孩子趁我们不备, 偷了我们的箱子就跑了. make `out (infml 口) (usu in questions after how 通常用於how之後的问句) manage; survive; fare 设法应付; 活下来; 过活: How did he make out while his wife was away? 他妻子不在家时他是怎麽生活的? * How are you making out with Mary? ie How is your relationship with her developing? 你与玛丽的关系怎样了? make sb `out understand (sb's character) 了解（某人的性格）: What a strange person she is! I can't make her out at all. 她这个人真怪! 我根本无法了解她. make sb/sth out manage to see sb/sth or read sth 辨认出某人[某物]: I could just make out a figure in the darkness. 我隐约看见黑暗中有个人影. * The dim outline of a house could be made out. 有一所房子的模糊轮廓依稀可辨. * Can you make out what that sign says? 你看得见牌子上写的是什麽吗? make sth out write out sth; complete sth 写出或填写某内容: make out a cheque for 10 开出一张10英镑的支票

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* Applications must be made out in triplicate. 申请书必须填写一式叁份. * The doctor made me out a prescription. 医生给我开了一个处方. make sth out; make out if/whether... understand sth 理解某事物: I can't make out what she wants. 我不明白她想要什麽. * How do you make that out? ie How did you reach that conclusion? 你怎麽得出那个结论的? * I can't make out if she enjoys her job or not. 我不知道她是否喜欢她的工作. make out that...; make oneself/sb/sth out to be... claim; assert; maintain 声称; 断言; 坚持: He made out that he had been robbed. 他声称他遭到抢劫. * She's not as rich as people make out/as people make her out to be. 她并不像人们说的那麽富有. * He makes himself out to be cleverer than he really is. 他把自己说得比实际聪明. make sb/sth over (into sth) change or convert sb/sth 改变或转变某人[某事物]: The basement has been made over into a workshop. 地下室已改建成工作间了. make sth over (to sb/sth) transfer the ownership of sth 转移某事物的所有权: The estate was made over to the eldest son. 地产的所有权已转给长子. * He has made over the whole property to the National Trust. 他已把全部房地产转交给全国名胜古迹托管协会. make `up; make oneself/sb up put powder, lipstick, greasepaint, etc on the face, etc to make it more attractive or to prepare it for an appearance in the theatre, on television, etc 为自己[某人]化妆: She spent an hour making (herself) up before the party. 她在聚会前化妆用了一个小时. * She's always very heavily made up, ie She puts a lot of make-up on her face. 她总是浓妆艳抹的. make sth up (a) form, compose or constitute sth 形成、 构成或组成某物: Animal bodies are made up of cells. 动物的身体是由细胞组成的. * What are the qualities that make up her character? 形成她性格的特质是什麽? * These arguments make up the case for the defence. 这些论据是有利於被告的理由.

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* Society is made up of people of widely differing abilities. 社会是由能力迥异的人组成的. (b) put sth together from several different things 将几种东西放在一起: make up a bundle of old clothes for a jumble sale 把旧衣物捆起准备义卖 * She made up a basket of food for the picnic. 她为野餐装好一篮子食物. (c) prepare (a medicine) by mixing different ingredients together 配（药）: The pharmacist made up the prescription. 药剂师按处方配了药. (d) fashion (material) into a garment 将（布料）制成衣服: Can you make up this dress length for me? 你能用这块衣料给我做一件连衣裙吗? (e) prepare (a bed) for use; set up (a temporary bed) 铺（床）; 支起（临时床）: We made up the bed in the spare room for our guest. 我们在空着的房间里给客人铺好床. * They made up a bed for me on the sofa. 他们给我在沙发上铺好被褥当作床. (f) add fuel to (a fire) 给（火）添燃料: The fire needs making up, ie needs to have more coal put on it. 这火该添点煤了. (g) (esp passive 尤用於被动语态) put a hard surface on (a road) to make it suitable for motor vehicles 铺（路）. (h) arrange (type, illustrations, etc) in columns or pages for printing 编排（版面）; 拼（版）. (i) invent sth, esp in order to deceive sb 捏造、 虚构某事（尤指为欺骗某人）: make up an excuse 编造藉口 * I couldn't remember a story to tell the children, so I made one up as I went along. 我想不出有什麽故事可给孩子讲了, 只好现编现讲. * Stop making things up! 不要胡编了! (j) complete sth 补足或补齐某事物: We still need 100 to make up the sum required. 我们还需要100英镑才能达到所需的数目. * We have ten players, so we need one more to make up a team. 我们已有十名运动员, 尚需一名才能凑成一个队. (k) replace sth 代替、 取代、 替换或赔还某事物: Our losses will have to be made up with more loans. 我们需增加贷款以赔补亏损. * You must make up the time you wasted this afternoon by working late tonight. 你今晚得熬夜来补回下午浪费的时间. make up for sth compensate for sth 补偿、 赔偿、 弥补或抵消某事物: Hard work can make up for a lack of intelligence. 勤能补拙.

maker
[5meikE(r); 5mekl] n 1 the/our Maker [sing]the Creator; God 造物主; 上帝. 2 [C] (esp in compounds尤用以构成复合词) person who makes sth 制作者; 制造者: * a `dressmaker * a `cabinet-maker. 3 (idm 习语) meet one's Maker => meet1.

makeshift
[5meikFift; 5mek7Fift] n, adj (thing that is) used temporarily until sth better is available （临时的）代用品; 权宜的; 临时凑合的: * use an empty crate as a makeshift (table) 把一个空木箱当作临时的桌子.

makeweight
[5meikweit; 5mek7wet] n 1 small quantity added to get the weight required （补足所需重量的）小的量. 2 (fig 比喻) thing or person, usu of little value, that supplies a deficiency, fills a gap, etc （作填补空缺用的）不重要的人或物.

making
[5meikiN; 5mekiN] n (idm 习语) be the making of sb make sb succeed or develop well 使某人成功或顺利: * These two years of hard work will be the making of him. 这两年的艰苦工作能把他造就成材. have the makings of sth have the qualities needed to become sth 有条件成为某事物: * She has the makings of a good lawyer. 她具备当个好律师的素质. in the `making in the course of being made, formed or developed 在制造、 形成或发展的过程中: * This first novel is the work of a writer in the making, ie not yet an expert writer. 这第一本小说是作者正在成长锻炼中的作品. * This model was two years in the making, ie took two years to make. 这一型号的产品是用了两年时间制成的.

mal-
comb form 构词成分 bad(ly); not; incorrect(ly) 坏;不; 错误: maladjusted * maladministration * malfunction.

malachite
[5mAlEkait; 5mAlE7kait] n [U] green mineralthat can be polished and used for ornaments, decoration,etc 孔雀石.

maladjusted
[7mAlE'dVQstid; 7mAlE'dVQstid] adj (of a person) unable for psychological reasons to behave acceptably or deal satisfactorily with other people （指人）心理失调的: * a school for maladjusted children 为心理失调儿童开设的学校. 派生： maladjustment[7mAlE'dVQstmEnt; 7mAlE'dVQstmEnt] n [U] state of being maladjusted 心理失调.

maladministration
[7mAlEd7mini'streiFn; 7mAlEd7minE'streFEn] n [U] (fml 文) poor or dishonest management(of public affairs, business dealings, etc) （公共事务、 生意等的）处理不善, 舞弊.

maladroit
[7mAlE'drCit; 7mAlE'drCit] adj [usu pred 通常作表语] (fml 文) not clever or skilful; clumsy; bungling不聪明; 不熟练; 笨拙; 粗劣: * His handling of the negotiations was maladroit. 他的谈判技巧十分拙劣.Cf 参看 adroit. > maladroitly adv. maladroitnessn [U].

malady
[5mAlEdi; 5mAlEdi] n (fml usu fig 文, 通常作比喻) disease; illness 疾病; 病: * Violent crime is only one of the maladies afflicting modern society. 暴力犯罪仅是为害现代社会的弊病之一.

malaise
[mA'leiz; mA'lez] n [U, sing] (fml 文) (a) general feeling of illness, without clear signs of a particular disease 微恙; 不适. (b) feeling of uneasiness whose exact cause cannot be explained 莫名的不安: * You can see signs of (a creeping) malaise in our office. 在我们办公室里可以看到有某种（令人不寒而栗的）不安迹象. * a deeply-felt malaise among the working classes 在工人阶级中可深深体会到的不安.

malapropism
[5mAlEprCpizEm; 5mAlEprap7izEm] ncomical confusion of a word with another, similar-sounding,word which has a quite different meaning, eg `an ingenuous (for ingenious) machine for peeling potatoes' 音近词的滑稽误用: * 例如‘心直的（原意为鐯精致的斤）土豆削皮机’.

malaria
[mE'leEriE; mE'leriE] n [U] fever produced when germs are introduced into the blood by a bite from certain mosquitoes 疟疾: * a bad attack of malaria 严重的疟疾 * [attrib 作定语] a malaria sufferer 疟疾病人. 派生： malarial[-iEl; -iEl] adj (a) of malaria 疟疾的: * malarial symptoms 疟疾症状. (b) having malaria 患疟疾的: * a malarial patient 疟疾病人.

malcontent
[5mAlkEntent; 5mAlkEn7tent] n, adj (person who is) discontented and rebellious 不满者; 反叛者; 不满的; 反叛的: * All the trouble is being caused by a handful of malcontents. 这些是非都是由一小撮不满分子搬弄的.

male
[meil; mel] adj 1 of the sex that does not give birth to offspring 男（性）的; 雄的; 公的: * a male horse, human, bird 公马、 男人、 雄鸟. 2 (of a plant) having flowers that contain pollen-bearing organs and not seeds （指植物）雄的. 3 (of electrical plugs, parts of tools, etc) having a projecting part which is inserted into a socket, hole, etc （指电器插头, 工具零件等）阳的. 派生： male n male person, animal, plant, etc 男人; 雄性动物; 雄性植物. =>Usage at female 用法见female. 复合： male `chauvinism (derog 贬) prejudiced attitude of certain men who believe that they are superior to women 大男子主义. male `chauvinist: She was so angry at his sexist remarks that she called him a male chauvinist pig. 她对他性别歧视的言语非常气愤, 骂他是可鄙的大男子主义者. ,male voice `choir choir of men who sing tenor, baritone or bass 男声合唱团.

malediction
[7mAli'dikFn; 7mAlE'dikFEn] n (fml 文) prayer that sb or sth may be destroyed, hurt, etc; curse 诅咒; 咒骂.

malefactor
[5mAlifAktE(r); 7mAlE'fAktl] n (fml 文) wrongdoer; criminal 作恶者; 罪犯: * Malefactors will be pursued and punished. 作恶的人要予以究治.

maleficent
[mE'lefisnt; mE'lefEsnt] adj (fml 文) causing or doing evil 作恶的; 犯罪的. > maleficence[-sns; -sns] n [U].

malevolent
[mE'levElEnt; mE'levElEnt] adj ~ (to/towards sb) [usu attrib 通常作定语] wishing to do evil or cause harm to others; spiteful 恶意的; 恶毒的; 怀恨的: * a malevolent person, look, smile 恶毒的人、 神色、 微笑. 派生： malevolence[-Ens; -Ens] n [U] desire to do evil or cause harm to others; ill-will 恶意; 敌意; 怨恨. malevolently adv.

malformation
[7mAlfC:'meiFn; 7mAlfCr'meFEn] n 1 [U] state of being badly formed or shaped 畸形; 变形: * This treatment could result in malformation of the arms. 这种处理方法能造成上肢畸形. 2 [C] badly formed part, esp of the body; deformity 畸形部位（尤指身体的）: * a malformation of the spine 脊椎的畸形. 派生： malformed[7mAl'fC:md; mAl'fCrmd] adj badly formed or shaped 畸形的; 变形的.

malfunction
[7mAl'fQNkFn; mAl'fQNkFn] v [I] (fml 文) (of a machine) fail to work normally or properly （指机器）运转不正常, 发生故障, 失灵: * The computer malfunctioned and printed out the wrong data. 计算机出了故障, 印出的资料不正确. 派生： malfunction n [C, U] (fml 文) failure of this kind 故障; 失灵: a major malfunction 严重故障 * several instances of malfunction 几起故障.

malice
[5mAlis; 5mAlis] n [U] 1 ~ (towards sb) desire to harm others 敌意; 恶意; 怨恨: * She certainly bears you no malice. 她对你肯定没有恶意. * harbour no malice towards sb 对某人不怀恨 * a look of pure malice 充满敌意的目光 * She did it out of malice. 她是出於恶意而那样做的. 2 (idm 习语) with ,malice a`forethought (law 律) with the conscious intention to commit a crime 蓄意犯罪. 派生： malicious/mE'liFEs; mE'liFEs] adj intended to harm others 恶意的; 恶毒的; 蓄意的: * (a) malicious gossip 恶意的闲话 * a malicious act, smile, comment 恶毒的行为、 微笑、 评论. maliciously adv. maliciousness n [U] malicious nature (of sth) 恶毒; 恶意: * the sheer maliciousness of the gossip 这种流言蜚语所含的纯粹的恶意.

malign
[mE'lain; mE'lain] v [Tn] say unpleasant or untrue things about (sb) 诽谤, 中伤, 诬 （某人）: * malign an innocent person 诋毁一个清白的人. 派生： malign adj (fml 文) harmful 有害的; 恶意的: a malign influence, intention, effect 有害的影响、 意图、 效果. Cf 参看 benign. malignity/mE'lignEti; mE'lignEti] n [U].

malignant
[mE'lignEnt; mE'lignEnt] adj 1 (of people or their actions) feeling or showing great desire to harm others; malevolent （指人或人的行为）恶毒的, 恶意的: * a malignant slander, attack, thrust 恶意的诽谤、 攻击、 抨击. 2 (a) (of a tumour) growing uncontrollably, and likely to prove fatal （指肿瘤）恶性的, 致命的: * The growth is not malignant. 这个瘤不是恶性的. (b) (of diseases) harmful to life （指疾病）恶性的, 致命的. 派生： malignancy[-nEnsi; -nEnsi] n 1 [U] state of being malignant 恶毒; 恶意; 恶性. 2 [C] malignant tumour 恶性肿瘤. malignantly adv.

malinger
[mE'liNgE(r); mE'liNgl] v [I] (derog 贬) (usu in the continuous tenses 通常用於进行时态) pretend to be ill in order to avoid work or duty 装病（以逃避工作或责任）; 诈病. 派生： malingerer n (derog 贬) person who malingers （为逃避工作或责任）装病的人.

mall
[mAl, mC:l; mCl] n (esp US) street or covered area with rows of shops, closed to traffic 商店街, （非露天的）商店区（车辆禁止入内）: * a shopping mall 购物大街.

mallard
[5mAla:d; - 'mAlErd; 5mAlld] n (pl unchanged复数不变) type of common wild duck 绿头鸭（野鸭）.

malleable
[5mAliEbl; 5mAliEbl] adj 1 (of metals) that can be beaten or pressed into different shapes easily （指金属）可锻的, 有延展性的. 2 (fig 比喻) (of a person, his ideas, etc) easily influenced or changed （指人、 主意等）易受影响的, 易变的: * The young are more malleable than the old. 年轻人比老年人容易受影响. > malleability/ 7mAliE'bilEti; 7mAliE'bilEti] n [U].

mallet
[5mAlit; 5mAlit] n 1 hammer with a wooden head, eg for striking the handle of a chisel 木槌（如用於敲击凿子把柄者）. =>illus at chisel 见chisel插图. 2 long-handled hammer with a wooden head, used for striking the ball in croquet or polo （槌球中的）长柄木槌; （马球中的）击球棍.

mallow
[5mAlEu; 5mAlo] n plant with hairy stems and leaves and pink, purple or white flowers 锦葵.

malmsey
[5ma:mzi; 5mamzi] n [U] strong sweet wine from Greece, Spain, Madeira, etc （产自希腊、 西班牙、 马德拉岛等地的）浓烈的甜葡萄酒.

malnourished
[7mAl'nQriFt; - -'nE:-; mAl'nEiFt] adj suffering from malnutrition 营养不良的. Cf 参看 undernourished.

malnutrition
[7mAlnju:'triFn; - -nu:-; 7mAlnu'triFEn] n [U] condition resulting from a lack of (the right type of) food 营养不良: * children suffering from severe malnutrition 严重营养不良的儿童.

malodorous
[7mAl'EudErEs; mAl'odErEs] adj (fml 文) smelling unpleasant 恶臭的: * malodorous drains, ditches, bogs, etc 臭气熏天的排水沟、 沟渠、 沼泽等.

malpractice
[7mAl'prAktis; mAl'prAktis] n (law 律) (a) [U] careless, illegal or unethical behaviour by sb in a professional or official position 玩忽职守; 营私舞弊; 渎职: * lawyers, doctors, etc sued for malpractice 因渎职而受到控告的律师、 医生等. (b) [C] instance of this 玩忽职守; 营私舞弊; 渎职: * Various malpractices by police officers were brought to light by the enquiry. 警察的各种不法行为经调查已揭露出来.

malt
[mC:lt; mClt] n 1 [U] grain (usu barley) that has been soaked in water and allowed to germinate and then dried, used for making beer, whisky, etc 麦芽（谷芽, 通常指大麦芽）: * [attrib 作定语] malt liquors 麦芽酒 * malt whisky 麦芽威士忌. 2 [C] variety of malt whisky 麦芽威士忌: * an excellent 12-year-old malt 陈化12年的优质麦芽威士忌. 派生： malt v (a) [Tn] make (grain) into malt 使（谷物）成为麦芽. (b) [I] (of grain) become malt （指谷物）成为麦芽. 复合： malted `milk drink made from malt and dried milk 以麦芽和奶粉制成的饮料; 麦乳精.

Maltese
[7mC:l'ti:z; mCl'tiz] adj, n (pl unchanged 复数不变) (language or native) of Malta 马耳他的; 马耳他语; 马耳他人. 复合： ,Maltese `cross cross with the arms of equal length, each of which tapers towards the centre 马耳他十字. =>illus at cross 见cross插图.

maltreat
[7mAl'tri:t; mAl'trit] v [Tn] (fml 文) treat (a person or an animal) with violence or cruelty; mistreat 残暴对待（人或动物）; 虐待. 派生： maltreatment n [U] maltreating or being maltreated 虐待: the man's maltreatment of his dog 那男子对他的狗的虐待 * the dog's maltreatment by his owner 那狗受其主人的虐待.

mama
[mE'ma:; 5mamE] n (dated Brit infml 旧, 口) mother 妈妈.

mamba
[5mAmbE; 5mAmbE] n black or green poisonous African snake 曼巴（非洲黑色或绿色毒蛇）.

mamma
[5ma:mE; 5mamE] n (US infml 口) mother 妈妈.

mammal
[5mAml; 5mAml] n any of the class of animals that give birth to live offspring and feed their young on milk from the breast 哺乳动物. > mammalian/ m5meIlIEn; mA`melIEn/ adj.

mammary
[5mAmEri; 5mAmEri] adj [attrib 作定语] (biology 生) of the breasts 乳房的: * the mammary gland, ie the one which produces milk 乳腺.

mammon
(also Mammon)[5mAmEn; 5mAmEn] n [sing] (usu derog 通常作贬义) god of wealth, regarded as evil or immoral 财富之神（视为邪恶的或不道德的）: * those who worship mammon, ie greedy people who value money (too) highly 那些视财如命的贪婪的人.

mammoth
[5mAmEW; 5mAmEW] n large hairy type of elephant, now extinct 猛 . 派生： mammoth adj [attrib 作定语] immense; huge 庞大的; 巨大的: a mammoth project, corporation, undertaking 庞大的工程、 公司、 企业.

mammy
[5mAmi; 5mAmi] n (US) 1 (word for mother used by children 妈妈（儿语）) 2 (dated now offensive 旧, 今作轻蔑语) black nursemaid for white children 照看白人小孩的黑人保姆.

man
like

manacle
[5mAnEkl; 5mAnEkl] n (usu pl 通常作复数) one of a pair of chains or metal bands for binding the hands or feet; fetter 手铐; 脚镣; 束缚. 派生： manacle v [Tn] bind (sb/sth) with manacles 给（某人[某物]）上镣铐或加束缚.

manage
[5mAnidV; 5mAnidV] v 1 (a) [Tn] be in charge of (sth); run 负责（某事物）; 管理; 经营: * manage a shop, business, factory, etc 管理商店、 企业、 工厂等 * manage a department, project 负责一部门、 工程 * Jones manages the finances here. 琼斯主管这里的财务. (b) keep (a child, an animal, etc) in order; control 管理（小孩、 动物等）; 控制; 驾驭; 照管: * manage a difficult horse 驾驭一匹不驯服的马 * Can you manage children well? 你能管好孩子吗? * He's good at managing his money, ie at controlling how much he spends. 他善於理财. 2 (a) [I, Ipr, Tn, Tt] ~ (on sth); ~ (without sb/sth) succeed in doing (sth); cope (with sth) 做成（某事）; 应付（某事）: * I just can't manage (ie live) on 50 a week. 我可没办法靠每星期50英镑维持生活. * I can't borrow the money so I'll have to manage without. 我借不到这笔钱, 只好将就了. * I shan't be able to manage (the job) (without help). （没有帮助）我将无法应付（这项工作）. * In spite of these insults, she managed not to get angry. 她尽管受到这些侮辱, 还是忍着没发火. * I just about managed to get up the stairs. 我总算挣扎着上了楼. (b) [Tn] (used often with can, could 常与can、 could连用) succeed in producing, achieving or doing (sth) 产生, 达到, 做（某事物）: * I haven't been learning French for long, so I can only manage (ie speak) a few words. 我学法语的时间还不长, 所以我只能凑合着说几句. * Even a schoolboy could manage (ie write) a better story than that. 连小学生写的故事都比那个好. * I couldn't manage (ie eat) another thing, I'm afraid. 我看我再也吃不下了. * Despite his disappointment, he managed a smile, ie succeeded in smiling. 他尽管很失望, 还是强颜为笑. * Can you manage lunch (ie come to lunch) on Tuesday? 你星期二能来吃午饭吗? 派生： manageable adj that can be managed; easily controlled 能处理的; 易管理的; 易控制的: a business of manageable size 在规模方面便於管理的企业.

manage1
复合： ,managing di`rector person who controls the business operations of a company 总经理.

management
[5mAnidVmEnt; 5mAnidVmEnt] n 1 [U] control and organization (of a business, etc) （企业等的）管理, 经营: * The failure was caused by bad management. 这种挫折是经营不善所致. * [attrib 作定语] a management course, consultant 管理课程、 顾问.2 [CGp] all those who control a business, enterprise, etc （公司、 企业等的）主管人员, 管理部门, 资方: * Management/The management is/are considering closing the factory. 主管部门正在考虑把工厂关闭. * joint consultation between workers and management 劳方与资方间的协商 * The business is under new management. 该公司正由新的管理人员领导. * [attrib 作定语] a top management job 高层管理工作. 3 [U] skill in dealing with people 与人交往的技巧; 手腕: * She gets them to accept these changes by tactful management. 她以圆滑的手腕说服他们接受这些变动.

manager
[5mAnidVE(r); 5mAnidVl] n 1 (a) person controlling a business, etc 经理; 管理人: * a shop,cinema, hotel, etc manager 商店、 影院、 旅店等的经理* departmental managers 部门管理人员. (b) person dealing with the business affairs of an entertainer, a sportsman, etc （演员、 运动员等的）经理人, 经纪人. (c) person who controls a sports team （运动队的）经理: * the England football manager 英格兰足球队经理. 2 (usu preceded by an adj 通常前面有形容词) person who controls people, a household, money, etc in the way specified 以某种方式管理人、 家庭、 钱财等的人: * She's not a very good manager she always spends more money than she earns. 她不大会理财--总是入不敷出. 派生：manageress[7mAnidVE'res; 5mAnidVEris] n womanwho is in charge of a business, esp a shop, restaurant, hotel, etc 女经理, 女管理人（尤指商店、 饭店、 旅馆等的）. managerial[7mAnE'dViEriEl; 7mAnE'dViriEl] adj of managers or management 经理的; 管理的; 经营的: * a managerial job, meeting, decision 管理工作、 管理会议、 经理的决定 * managerial skills, expertise, etc 经营管理的技巧、 专门知识等.

mandarin
[5mAndErin; 5mAndErin] n 1 Mandarin [U] official standard spoken language of China （中国的）官话（普通话的旧称）. 2 [C] (formerly) high-ranking government official in China （旧时）中国政府的高级官吏. 3 [C] high-ranking official who behaves and writes in a remote and difficult way 态度冷淡文字艰涩的高级官吏: * Whitehall mandarins, ie top British civil servants 英国政府中因循守旧的官僚 * [attrib 作定语] pages and pages of mandarin prose 长篇累牍的晦涩文章. 4 [C] (also ,mandarin `orange) type of small orange with loose skin 橘子. 5 [C] (also ,mandarin `duck) small (originally Chinese) duck with brightly coloured feathers 鸳鸯（原产中国）.

mandate
[5mAndeit; 5mAndet] n (usu sing 通常作单数) 1 ~ (to do sth) (a) authority given to a party, trade union, etc by the people who support it （党派、 工会等的拥护者对所在组织的）授权: * Our election victory has given us a mandate to reform the economy. 我们在选举获胜, 这就使我们有权进行经济改革. * We have a mandate from the union membership to proceed with strike action. 我们获得工会会员同意, 继续罢工. (b) order (given to sb to do sth); mission 命令; 训令; 使命: * The government gave the police a mandate to reduce crime. 政府命令警方进一步打击犯罪活动. 2 (formerly) power given to a country to administer a territory （旧时）（授予某国对某地的）委托统治权. 派生： mandate v 1 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] put (a territory) under a mandate(2) 将（某地）委托某国管理: the mandated territories 托管地. 2 (a) [Dn.t] give (sb) the power (to do sth) by mandate(2) 授权（某人）根据委托统治权（做某事）: Britain was mandated to govern the former colony of German East Africa. 英国受权代管德国在东非的前殖民地. (b) [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] order (sb) to do sth 命令（某人）做某事. mandatory[5mAndEtEri; - -tC:ri; 5mAndE7tCri] adj (fml 文) required by law; compulsory 依法的; 法定的; 强制性的: * a mandatory payment 强迫支付 * Attendance is mandatory at all meetings. 所有会议皆不得缺席.

mandible
[5mAndibl; 5mAndEbl] n (anatomy 解) 1 jaw, esp the lower jaw of mammals and fishes 颌; （尤指哺乳动物和鱼的）下颌. =>illus at skeleton 见skeleton插图. 2 upper or lower part of a bird's beak 鸟喙的上部或下部. 3 (in insects, etc) either half of the upper pair of jaws, used for biting and seizing （昆虫等的）大颚.

mandolin
[5mAndElin, 7mAndE'lin; 5mAndl7in] n musical instrument with 6 or 8 metal strings arranged in pairs, and a rounded back 曼陀林. =>illus at lute 见lute插图.

mandragora
[mAn'drAgErE; mAn'drAgErE] (also mandrake[5mAndreik; 5mAndrek] ) n [U] poisonous plant used to make drugs, esp ones which make people sleep 曼德拉草（有毒, 用作麻醉、 催眠药）.

mandrill
[5mAndril; 5mAndril] n large W African baboon 山魈（产於西非）.

mane
[mein; men] n 1 long hair on the neck of a horse, lion, etc （马等的）鬃; （狮等的）鬣. =>illus at horse 见horse插图. 2 (joc 谑) person's long hair （人的）长发: * a young man with a thick mane hanging over his shoulders 留着披肩厚发的年轻男子.

maneuver
(US) = manoeuvre.

manful
[5mAnfl; 5mAnfEl] adj brave; determined 有大丈夫气概的; 勇敢的; 坚决的: * manful resistance, defence, etc 勇敢的反抗、 防卫等. > manfully[-fEli; -fEli] adv: * He strove manfully to overcome his speech defect. 他无所畏惧地努力克服自己的言语缺陷.

manganese
[5mANgEni:z; 5mANgE7niz] n [U] (chemistry化) hard brittle light-grey metallic element used in making steel, glass, etc 锰 =>App 10 见附录10.

mange
[meindV; mendV] n [U] skin disease of hairy animals, caused by a parasite 兽疥癣. 派生： mangy[5meindVi; 5mendVi] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 suffering from mange （指兽）患疥癣的: * a mangy dog 患疥癣的狗. 2 (fig 比喻) shabby and becoming worn and threadbare 褴褛的; 破旧的: * a mangy old chair, blanket, etc 破旧的椅子、 毯子等.

mangel
wurzel

manger
[5meindVE(r); 5mendVl] n 1 long open box or trough from which horses or cattle can feed （牛、 马的）食槽. 2 (idm 习语) a dog in the manger => dog1.

mangle
1[5mANgl; 5mANgl] v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] 1 damage (sth) greatly, (almost) beyond recognition; mutilate 严重损伤（某事物）; 使面目全非; 使残缺不全: * the badly mangled bodies of those killed by the explosion 炸得残缺不全的 体. 2 (fig 比喻) (of a writer, an actor, etc) badly spoil (a piece of work, performance, etc) （指作家、 演员等）弄糟（作品、 演出等）: * a mangled translation 严重的误译 * The symphony was dreadfully mangled. 那首交响乐曲给糟塌得不成样子.

mango
[5mANgEu; 5mANgo] n (pl ~es or ~s) (a) pear-shaped fruit with flesh which is yellow when ripe 芒果: * [attrib 作定语] mango chutney, ie chutney made with green, unripe mangoes （用未成熟的绿芒果制成的）芒果酱. (b) tropical tree bearing these 芒果树.

mangrove
[5mANgrEuv; 5mANgrov] n tropical tree that grows in swamps and sends roots down from its branches 红树属植物（生於沼泽地, 树枝有下垂须根入土繁殖）.

mangy
=> mange.

manhandle
[5mAn7hAndl; 5mAn7hAndl] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr]move (sth) by physical strength 用人力移动（某物）: * We manhandled the piano up the stairs. 我们已把钢琴搬上楼. 2 [Tn] treat (sb) roughly 粗暴对待（某人）: * The drunk had been manhandled by a gang of youths. 那醉汉遭受一群年轻人欺负.

manhood
[5mAnhud; 5mAnhud] n [U] 1 state of being a man （男子的）成年, 成人: * reach manhood 达到成年. 2 qualities of a man, eg courage, virility, etc 男子的气质（如勇气、 活力等）: * have doubts about one's manhood 对自己的男子气概有怀疑. 3 all the men collectively, esp of a country 男子的总称（尤指一国的）: * Our nation's manhood died on the battlefield. 我国的男儿已战死疆场.

mania
[5meiniE; 5meniE] n 1 [U] (medical 医) mental disorder marked by extreme excitement or violence 躁狂; 狂. 2 [C] ~ (for sth) (infml 口) extreme or abnormal enthusiasm 狂热; 癖好: * have a mania for sweets, for collecting things 有嗜糖果、 搜集东西的癖好. 派生： maniac[5meinik; 5meni7Ak] n 1 mad person 躁狂者; 疯子; 狂人. 2 (derog or joc 贬或谑) (a) person with an extreme liking (for sth) 极端喜爱某事物的人: * She's a football maniac. 她是个足球迷. (b) wild or foolish person 粗野的或愚蠢的人: * That maniac drives far too fast. 那个疯子开车开得太快了. maniacal/mE'naiEkl; mE'naiEkl] adj (fml 文) 1 violently mad 躁狂的; 疯狂的: * maniacal behaviour 疯狂的行为 * a maniacal expression on his face 他脸上躁狂的表情. 2 (derog orjoc 贬或谑) extremely enthusiastic 狂热的: * He's maniacalabout sex. 他性欲旺盛. maniacally/mE'naiEkli; mE'naiEkli] adv.

manic
[5mAnik; 5mAnik] adj (of a person, his moods, etc) changing quickly and often between extremes of depression and cheerfulness （指人、 心态等）躁狂的, 喜怒无常的, 狂热的. 复合： ,manic-de`pressive n (medical 医) person who is manic 躁狂抑郁症患者.

manicure
[5mAnikjuE(r); 5mAni7kjur] n [C, U] (a) treatment for the hands and finger-nails 修剪指甲: * have a manicure once a week 一星期修剪一次指甲 * do a course in manicure 上指甲修剪课. Cf 参看 pedicure. 派生： manicure v [Tn] give such treatment to (sb/sb's hands) 给（某人[某人的手]）修剪指甲: beautifully manicured nails 修剪得很漂亮的指甲. manicurist[-kjuErist; -kjurist] n person who practises manicure as a profession 指甲修剪师.

manifest
1[5mAnifest; 5mAnE7fest] adj ~ (to sb) (fml 文) clear and obvious 明白的; 明显的: * a manifest truth, lie, difference 明显的事实、 谎言、 区别 * sth that is manifest to all of us 我们大家都很清楚的事情. 派生： manifest v [Tn] (fml 文) 1 show (sth) clearly; demonstrate 清楚地表明, 显示（某事物）; 证明: manifest the truth of a statement 证明某说法属实 * manifest fear, hatred, etc 显示恐惧、 憎恨等 * She manifested little interest in her studies. 她对学习显得没有什麽兴趣. 2 ~ itself/themselves show itself/themselves; appear 显露; 出现: The symptoms manifested themselves ten days later. 十天後出现了症状. * Has the ghost manifested itself recently? 那鬼魂最近出现过吗? manifestation/ 9mAnIfe5steIFn; 9mAnEfZs`teFEn/ n (fml 文) 1 [U] showing clearly; manifesting 显示; 表明; 证明. 2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] action or statement that shows sth clearly 清楚表明某事的言行: This riot is only one manifestation of people's discontent. 这骚乱仅仅是人们不满的一种表露而已. 3 [C] appearance of a ghost, spirit, etc （鬼魂等的）显灵: She claims to have seen manifestations of dead people in the haunted house. 她说她在那闹鬼的房子里看见了死人显灵. manifestly adv: The statement is manifestly false. 这种说法明显不确.

manifesto
[7mAni'festEu; 7mAnE'festo] n (pl ~s or ~es) (publication containing a) public declaration by a political party, ruler, etc of principles and policy （政党、 统治者等关於原则、 政策的）宣言, 声明: * an election manifesto 竞选声明 * publish/issue a manifesto 发表宣言.

manifold
[5mAnifEuld; 5mAnE7fold] adj (fml 文) of many types; many and various 多种的; 繁多的; 各种各样的: * a person with manifold interests 兴趣广泛的人 * a versatile machine with manifold uses 有多种用途的机器. 派生： manifold n pipe or chamber with several openings that connect with other parts, eg for taking gases into or out of cylinders in an internal combustion engine 歧管; 多支管: the exhaust manifold 排气歧管.

manikin
[5mAnikin; 5mAnEkin] n (dated 旧) abnormally small man; dwarf 矮子; 侏儒.

Manila
(also Manilla)[mE'nilE; mE'nilE] n [U] 1 (also Manila `hemp) plant fibre used for making ropes, mats, etc 马尼拉麻, 蕉麻（用以制绳、 垫等）. 2 manila (also manila `paper) strong brown wrapping-paper made from Manila hemp 马尼拉纸: * [attrib 作定语] manila envelopes 马尼拉纸信封.

manioc
[5mAniCk; 5mAni7ak] n [U] cassava 木薯.

manipulate
[mE'nipjuleit; mE'nipjE7let] v [Tn] 1 control or handle (sth) with skill 熟练控制或操纵（某事物）: * manipulate the gears and levers of a machine 熟练操纵机器的排挡和变速 * Primitive man quickly learned how to manipulate tools. 原始人很快学会了使用工具. 2 control or influence (sb) cleverly or by unfair means （巧妙地或不正当地）控制, 操纵, 影响（某人）: * a clever politician who knows how to manipulate public opinion 善於操纵舆论的聪明的政治家 * She uses her charm to manipulate people. 她利用其魅力左右他人. 派生： manipulation/mE7nipju'leiFn; mE7nipju'leFEn] n [C, U] (act of) manipulating or being manipulated 操作; 操纵; 控制: * His clever manipulation of the stock markets makes him lots of money. 他在股票交易中买卖精明, 赚了很多钱. manipulative/mE'nipjulEtiv; - -leitiv; mE'nipjE7letiv] adj (esp derog 尤作贬义) tending to manipulate(2) （对他人）控制的, 操纵的: * manipulative skill, power, ability, etc 左右别人的伎俩、 力量、 能力等. manipulator/mE'nipjuleitE(r); mE'nipju7letl] n (esp derog 尤作贬义) person who manipulates(2) 控制或操纵他人者: * an unscrupulous manipulator 用不道德的手段操纵别人的人.

mankind
n [U] 1[7mAn'kaind; mAn'kaind] the human race 人类: * an invention that benefits mankind 造福人类的发明. =>Usage at man1 用法见man1. 2[5mAnkaind;'mAn7kaind] men collectively (contrasted with womankind)男子（总称, 与womankind相对）.

manly
[5mAnli; 5mAnli] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 (a) (approv 褒) (of a man) having the qualities or appearance expected of a man （指男子）有男子气质或外表的: * I've always thought he looked very manly in his uniform. 我一向认为他穿着制服很威武. (b) (derog 贬) (of a woman) having the qualities or appearance more appropriate to a man; mannish （指女子）气质或外表男性化的. 2 (approv 褒) (of things) suitable for a man （指事物）适合男子的: * manly clothes 男子的服装 * a manly pose 男子的姿势. > manliness n [U].

manna
[5mAnE; 5mAnE] n [U] 1 (in the Bible) food provided by God for the Israelites during their forty years in the desert （圣经中的）吗哪（以色列人在旷野四十年中神赐的粮食）. 2 (idm 习语) like manna (from `heaven) as an unexpected and beneficial gift 意外的好事; 天赐之物: * I needed that money so desperately, it was like manna from heaven when it arrived! 我正急需那笔钱, 所以收到时宛如天赐!

mannequin
[5mAnikin; 5mAnEkin] n 1 (dated 旧) woman employed to display new styles of clothes by wearing them; fashion model 女时装模特儿. 2 life-size dummy of a human body, used by tailors when making clothes, or by shops for displaying them （真人大小的）人体模型（裁缝或服装陈列用的）.

manner
[5mAnE(r); 5mAnl] n 1 [sing] (fml 文) way in which a thing is done or happens 方式; 方法: * the manner in which he died 他死的方式 * the manner of his death, ie the way he died 他死亡的方式 * I don't object to what she says, but I strongly disapprove of her manner of saying it. 我不反对她说的话, 但她说这话的方式我很反感. * Do it in a businesslike manner. 要郑重其事做这件事. * He objected in a forceful manner. 他表示坚决反对. 2 [sing] person's way of behaving towards others 态度: * He has an aggressive manner. 他的态度咄咄逼人. * I don't like her manner -- she's very hostile. 我不喜欢她的态度--待人如仇敌. 3 manners [pl] (a) social behaviour 礼貌; 规矩: * good/bad manners 有[没有]礼貌 * It's bad manners to stare at people. 瞪着眼睛看人是不礼貌的. * He has no manners at all, ie behaves very badly. 他毫无礼貌. * Aren't you forgetting your manners (ie being rude)? 你是不是没礼貌了? (b) habits and customs 习惯; 风俗: * eighteenth-century aristocratic manners 十八世纪贵族的风俗习惯. 4 [sing] (fml or rhet 文或修辞) kind (of person or thing); sort （人或物的）种类: * What manner of man is he? 他是哪种人? 5 (idm 习语) all manner of sb/sth (fml 文) every kind of sb/sth 各种各样的: * All manner of vehicles were used. 使用了各种车辆. bedside manner => bedside (bed1). a comedy of manners => comedy. in a manner of speaking to some extent; if regarded in a certain way 不妨说; 可以说; 在某种意义上说: * His success is in a manner of speaking our success, too. 他的成功也可以说是我们的成功. in the manner of sb in the style of literature or art typical of sb 以某人的文艺风格: * a painting in the manner of Raphael 拉斐尔风格的画. not by `any manner of means/by `no manner of means (used for emphasis 用以加强语气) not at all 一 点都不; 绝不:

manner1
* She hasn't won yet, (not) by any manner of means. 她还未获胜, 远未获胜. (as/as if) to the manner `born as if one has long experience of doing sth 生来就惯於做某事: * She isn't a practised public speaker, but she faced her audience as (if) to the manner born. 她虽无演讲经验, 但（似乎）生来并不怯场. 派生： mannered adj having an unnatural style of speaking, writing, etc; affected （语言、 文字等）不自然的, 矫揉造作的: Her prose is far too mannered and self-conscious. 她的散文过於矫揉造作. -mannered (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having manners of the specified type 有某种态度或举止的: ,ill-/,well-/,rough-`mannered 无礼貌的[有礼貌的/粗鲁的].

mannerism
[5mnErizEm; 5mAnE7rizEm] n 1 [C] peculiar habit of behaviour, speech, etc （行为、 言语等的）特殊习惯: * an eccentric with many odd mannerisms 言谈举止有很多怪癖的人. 2 [U] (derog 贬) excessive use of a distinctive style in art or literature （艺术或文学中）过分的独特风格: * painting that is not free of mannerism 未摆脱某种风格约束的绘画.

mannish
[5mniF; 5mAniF] adj (derog 贬) 1 (of a woman) looking, sounding or behaving like a man （指女子）（样子、 声音或举止）像男子的. 2 (of things) more suitable for a man than for a woman （指事物）适合男子的, 不适合女子的: * a mannish jacket, voice, walk男式外衣、 像男子的声音、 男子般的步态. > mannishlyadv. mannishness n [U].

manoeuvre
(US maneuver)[mE'nu:vE(r); mE'nuvl] n 1 (military 军) (a) [C] planned and controlled movement of armed forces （军队的）调遣, 机动: * a flanking manoeuvre, ie round the sides of an enemy army 侧翼包抄. (b) manoeuvres [pl] large-scale exercises by troops or ships （部队或舰队的）大规模演习: * The army is on (ie taking part in) manoeuvres in the desert. 军队正在进行沙漠作战演习. 2 [C] (a) movement performed with care and skill 谨慎而熟练的动作: * A rapid manoeuvre by the driver prevented an accident. 司机动作迅速而熟练因此避免了一场事故. (b) (usu fig 通常作比喻) (esp deceptively) skilful plan or movement （尤指欺骗的）巧计, 花招: * This was a crafty manoeuvre to outwit his pursuers. 这是一个高招,他以此骗倒了追逐他的人. * These shameful manoeuvreswere aimed at securing his election. 这种可耻的伎俩都是为了能让他当选. 派生： manoeuvre (US maneuver) v 1 (a) [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] (cause sth to) move about by using skill and care 谨慎地运用技巧（使某物）移动, 运动: Cyclists were manoeuvring on the practice track. 自行车运动员在练习用的车道上练习技巧. * The yachts were manoeuvring for position, ie moving around to get good positions (eg in a race). 那些快艇灵巧地竞相争夺有利位置（如在比赛中）. * his skill in manoeuvring a motorcycle 他驾驶摩托车的熟练技巧* The driver manoeuvred (the car) into the garage, over to the side of the road. 司机把汽车开进车房、 开到路边. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (fig 比喻) guide (sb/sth) skilfully and craftily (in a specified direction) 熟练而巧妙地引导（某人[某事物]）: She manoeuvred her friends into positions of power, ie used her influence, etc to put them there. 她（运用自己的影响力等）把她的朋友都安插到有权的职位上. * manoeuvre the conversationround to money 巧妙地把话题引到金钱问题上. 2 [I] (military 军) perform manoeuvres(1b) 演习: The fleet is manoeuvring in the Baltic. 该舰队正在波罗的海演习.manoeuvrable (US maneuverable)[-vrEbl; -vErEbl]

manoeuvre1
adj that can be manoeuvred (easily) 可（便於）移动的; 可引导的; 可用於演习的: * a highly manoeuvrable aircraft, motorboat, etc 极为灵巧的飞机、 摩托船等. manoeuvrability (US -neuver-)[mE7nu:vrE'bilEti; mE7nuvErE'bilEti] n [U].

manometer
[mE'nCmitE(r); mE'namEtl] n instrument for measuring pressure in gases and liquids （流体的）压力计, 压力表.

manor
[5mnE(r); 5mAnl] n 1 (formerly) unit of land under the feudal system, part of which was used by the lord of the manor (lord), the rest being farmed by tenants （旧时）（封建贵族的）采地, 采邑, 领地（部分自用, 部分租给佃户）. 2 (a) (also `manor-house) large country house surrounded by an estate 庄园大宅第. (b) this estate 庄园. 3 (Brit sl 俚) (used esp by policemen 尤为警察用语) area for which a particular police station is responsible 管区（某警察局负责的地段）. 派生： manorial/mE'nC:riEl; mE'nCriEl] adj of a manor (1,2) 采地的; 采邑的; 领地的; 庄园的.

manpower
[5mnpauE(r); 5mAn7paul] n [U] 1 number of people working or available for work 劳动力: * There's not enough qualified manpower to staff all the hospitals. 缺乏足够的合格人员充实各医院. * [attrib 作定语] a manpower shortage 缺乏劳动力. 2 power supplied by human physical effort 人力; 体力: * a treadmill driven by manpower rather than water-power 人力驱动而非水力驱动的踏车.

manque
[5mCNkei; man'ke] adj (French 法) (following ns 用於名词之後) (of a person) who could have followed the career mentioned, but who failed or lacked the opportunity to do so （指人）（所提生涯、 职业等）未能实现的, 未成功的, 壮志未酬的: * a teacher, an actor, a writer, etc manque 从未当成教师、 演员、 作家等.

mansard
[5mnsa:d; 5mAnsard] n (also ,mansard `roof) roof with a double slope, the lower part being steeper than the upper part 复折式屋顶（下部比上部陡）.

manse
[mns; mAns] n church minister's house, esp in Scotland 牧师住宅（尤指於苏格兰）.

mansion
[5mnFn; 5mAnFEn] n 1 [C] large and stately house 宅第; 公馆. 2 Mansions [pl] (used in proper names for a block of flats 用於公寓楼的专有名称中): * 49 Victoria Mansions, Grove Road, London 伦敦格罗夫街维多利亚大厦49号.

manslaughter
=> man1.

mantel
[5mntl; 5mAntl] n (dated 旧) = mantelpiece.

mantelpiece
[5mntlpi:s; 5mAntl7pis] (also `chimney-piece) n shelf above a fireplace 壁炉台: * A clock and two vases stood on the mantelpiece. 壁炉台上摆着一个座钟和两个花瓶.

mantilla
[mn'tilE; mAn'tilE] n lace veil or scarf worn (esp by Spanish women) to cover the hair and shoulders 有花边的头纱或披肩（尤指西班牙女子用的）.

mantis
[5mntis; 5mAntis] n (also ,praying `mantis) insect like a grasshopper, which holds its front legs together as if in prayer 螳螂.

mantle
[5mntl; 5mAntl] n 1 [C] (a) loose sleeveless cloak 披风; 斗篷. (b) (fig 比喻) covering 覆盖物: * hills with a mantle of snow 覆盖着一层雪的山. 2 [sing] the ~ of sth (rhet 修辞) the responsibilites of an important job, etc （重要工作等的）责任, 职分: * assume/take on/inherit the mantle of supreme power 担任[担当/继承]最高权力的重任. 3 [C] lace-like cover round the flame of a gas lamp that becomes very bright when heated （煤气灯的）白炽纱罩. 4 [sing] (geology 地质) part of the Earth below the crust and surrounding the core 地幔. 派生： mantle v (fig 比喻) [Tn] cover (sth) as if with a mantle 覆盖（某物）: an ivy-mantled wall 爬满长春 的墙 * Snow mantled the hills. 雪覆盖着山.

manual
[5mnjuEl; 5mAnjuEl] adj of, done with or controlled by the hands 手的; 手工的; 手制的; 手控的: * Making small models requires manual skill. 制作小模型要手巧. * manual labour 体力劳动 * a manual gear-box, ie one operated by the hand with a gear-lever, not automatically 手动变速箱. Cf 参看 mechanical 1. 派生： manual n 1 book containing information or practical instructions (on a given subject) 手册; 指南: a training manual 训练手册 * A workshop manual gives diagrams and instructions for repairing your car. 维修手册可向您提供修理汽车所需的图表和说明. Cf 参看 handbook (hand1). 2 keyboard of an organ, played with the hands （风琴的）键盘: a two-manual organ 双键盘风琴. manually[-juEli; -juEli] adv: * manually operated 手工操作的.

manufacture
[7mnju'fktFE(r); 7mAnjE'fAktFl] v [Tn] 1 make (goods) on a large scale using machinery 用机器大量制造（货物）: * manufacture shoes, cement, cookers 制造鞋、 水泥、 炉具 * manufacturing industry, eg in contrast with industries which do not make products 制造工业. 2 (usu derog 通常作贬义) invent (evidence, an excuse, etc) 假造, 虚构, 捏造（证据、 藉口等）: * She manufactured a false story to hide the facts. 她编 造瞎话以掩盖事实. 派生： manufacture n 1 [U] activity of manufacturing 制造; 编造: firms engaged in the manufacture of plastics 从事制造塑料的公司 * goods of foreign manufacture,ie made abroad 外国产品. 2 manufactures [pl] manufactured goods or articles 制造品; 产品. manufacturer n person or firm that manufactures things 制造商; 工厂主; 制造厂: Send these faulty goods back to the manufacturer. 把这些次货退还给厂家. * a clothing, a car, an electronics, etc manufacturer 服装、 汽车、 电子产品等制造厂.

manumit
[7mAnju'mit; 7mAnjE'mit] v (-tt-) (fml 文) (formerly) free (a slave) （旧时）解放（奴隶）. > manumission[7mAnju'miFn; 7mAnjE'miFEn] n [U].

manure
[mE'njuE(r); mE'njur] n [U] animal dung or other material, natural or artificial, spread over or mixed with soil to make it fertile 肥料; 粪肥: * dig manureinto the soil 在土壤中施肥. Cf 参看 fertilizer (fertilize). 派生： manure v [Tn] put manure on or in (soil) 往（地）里施肥.

manuscript
[5mAnjuskript; 5mAnjE7skript] n (abbr 缩写 MS) 1 thing written by hand, not typed or printed 手稿: * [attrib 作定语] a manuscript copy of a typed letter 一份打字信的手稿. 2 author's work when written or typed (ie not yet a printed book) （作家手写或打字的）原稿, 草稿（即尚未印刷成书者）: * submit a manuscript toan editor 把原稿交给编辑. 3 (idm 习语) in `manuscriptnot yet printed 未付印的: * Her poems are still in manuscript.她的诗尚未付印.

Manx
[mANks; mANks] adj of the Isle of Man, its people or its language 马恩岛的; 马恩岛人的; 马恩语的. 派生： Manx n [U] language of the Isle of Man 马恩语. 复合： Manx `cat breed of cat with no tail 马恩猫（一种无尾猫）. `Manxman[-mEn; -mEn] , `Manxwoman ns native of the Isle of Man 马恩岛人.

many
[5meni; 5meni] indef det, indef pron (used with pl ns or vs 与复数名词或动词连用) 1 a large number of people or things 大量的人或事物. (a) (det): * Many people agree with nationalization. 很多人都赞成国有化. * I didn't see many houses under 50000. 我很少见到5万英镑以下的房子. * Were there many pictures by British artists? 英国画家的作品多吗? * How many children have you got? 你有几个孩子? * There are too many mistakes in this essay. 这篇文章错误太多. * I don't need many more. 我需要的不多了. (b) (pron): * Many of the students were from Japan. 许多学生都是日本人. * I have some classical records but not very many. 我有一些古典音乐唱片, 但是不太多. * Did you know many of them? 他们中很多人你都认识吗? * How many do you want? 你要多少? * I wouldn't have offered to water the plants if I'd known there were so many. 早知道有这麽多花草需要浇水, 我就不自告奋勇了. * He made ten mistakes in as many (ie ten) lines. 他在十行里就有十个错. =>Usage at much1 用法见much1. 2 many a a large number of 许多 (used with a sing n + sing v 与单数名词+单数动词连用): * Many a strong man has weakened before such a challenge. 很多坚强的人面对这种困难都动摇了. * Many a famous pop star has been ruined by drugs. 很多着名的流行音乐歌星都因使用毒品而毁了自己. * I've been to the top of the Eiffel Tower many a time. 我曾多次登上埃菲尔铁塔的塔顶. * (saying 谚) Many a true word is spoken in jest. 笑谈之中有真话. 3 (idm 习语) be ,one, etc too `many (for sth) be one, etc more than the correct or needed number 比正确的或所需的数目多...个: * There are six of us two too many for a game of whist. 我们有六个人--要打惠斯特牌就多了两个人. a good/great many very many 许多; 很多. have had ,one too `many (infml 口) be slightly drunk 有一点醉. many's the sb/sth who/that... there are many people/things that... 有很多的...人[事物]:

many1
* Many's the promise that has been broken. 违反诺言的事经常有. (Cf 参看 Many a promise has been broken.) * Many's the time that I heard him use those words. 有很多次我听到他使用那些词语. (Cf 参看 I heard him use those words many a time.) 派生： the many n most people; the masses or majority 多数人; 群众: a government which improves conditions for the many 致力於改善群众生活条件的政府. Cf 参看 the few (few1). 复合： ,many-`sided adj having many sides 多边的: (fig 比喻) We are faced with a ,many-sided `problem. 我们面临着一个涉及多方面的问题.

Maori
[5mauri; 5mauri] n 1 [C] member of the aboriginalrace of New Zealand 毛利人（新西兰的土着）. 2 [U] language of this race 毛利语. 派生： Maori adj of this race or its language 毛利人的; 毛利语的: Maori dress, customs, words 毛利人的服装、 风俗、 词语.

map
[mAp; mAp] n 1 (a) representation on paper, etc of the earth's surface or part of it, showing countries, rivers, mountains, oceans, roads, etc 地图: * a map of France 法国地图 * find a place on the map 在地图上寻找一个地点 * a street map of London 伦敦街道图 * I'll draw you a map of how to get to my house. 我给你画一张到我家的路线图. =>illus 见插图. (b) similar plan showing the position of the stars, etc in the sky 天体图（标示星辰等在天空的位置）: * a map of the heavens 天体图. Cf 参看 chart, plan 2. 2 (idm 习语) put sb/sth on the `map make sb/sth famous or important 使某人[某事物]出名或有重要性: * Her performance in that play really put her on the map as a comedy actress. 她在那出剧中当喜剧演员而一举成名. wipe sth off the map => wipe. 派生： map v (-pp-) [Tn] 1 make a map of (an area, etc); show on a map 绘制（一地区等的）地图; 用地图表示: an unexplored country that hasn't yet been mapped 地图上没有标示的、 未经勘察的地带. 2 (phr v) map sth out (a) plan or arrange sth 筹画或安排某事: He's already mapped out his whole future career. 他对自己未来的事业有了周详的计画. (b) present sth in detail 详细提出某事: She mapped out her ideas on the new project. 她详细提出了对新项目的意见. 复合： `map-reader n person who follows a route on a map 依地图行进的人: a good, poor, etc map-reader 善於、 不善於...利用地图的人 * You drive and I'll be (the) map-reader. 你开车, 我来察看地图.

maple
[5meipl; 5mepl] n (a) [C] (also `maple tree) one of various types of tree of the northern hemisphere, grown for timber and ornament 槭树（俗称枫树）. (b) [U] its hard wood, sometimes used for furniture 槭木: * [attrib 作定语] a maple desk 槭木书桌. 复合： maple `sugar, maple `syrup sugar/syrup obtained from the sap of one kind of maple 槭糖; 槭糖浆.

maquis
[5mAki:; - ma:'ki:; 7ma'ki] n the maquis (also the Maquis) [Gp] the secret army of French patriots who fought in France against the Germans in World War II （第二次世界大战时的）法国抗德游击队.

mar
[ma:(r); mar] v (-rr-) [Tn] 1 damage (sth); spoil 损坏（某事物）; 毁损: * a mistake that could mar his career 能毁掉他前程的错误 * Nothing happened to mar the old man's happiness. 那老人的幸福没有受到任何事情的破坏. 2 (idm 习语) make or mar sb/sth make sb/sth a success or a failure 使某人[某事物]成功或失败: * His handling of the crisis could make or mar his career. 他对这一危机的处理可能决定他事业的成败.

marabou
[5mArEbu:; 5mArE7bu] n 1 [C] large W Africanstork 秃鹳（产於西非）. 2 [U] its soft feathers used as trimming, eg for a hat 秃鹳的细软羽毛（用作帽饰等）.

maraschino
[7mArE'ski:nEu; 7mArE'skino] n (pl ~s[-nEUz; -noz/) 1 [U] sweet liqueur made from a small black cherry 黑樱桃酒. 2 [C] (also ,maraschino `cherry) cherry soaked in this liqueur, used in drinks, puddings, etc （黑樱桃酒浸泡的）樱桃（用以配制饮料、 布丁等）.

marathon
[5mArEWEn; - -WCn; 5mArE7Wan] n 1 (also Marathon) long-distance running race (of about 42 km or 26 miles) 马拉松赛跑（约42公里或26英里）: * I've never run a marathon. 我从未参加过马拉松赛跑. * She won the gold medal in the women's marathon at this year's Olympic Games. 她在今年奥运会女子马拉松赛跑中赢得金牌. 2 (fig 比喻) long-lasting event which is hard to endure 拖时长久令人难以忍受的事情: * My job interview was a real marathon. 我那次求职面试简直是马拉松式的长谈. * [attrib 作定语] a marathon session, exam, etc 马拉松式的会议、 考试等.

marauding
[mE'rC:diN; mE'rCdiN] adj [attrib 作定语] (of soldiers, armies, etc) going about searching for things to steal, people to attack, etc （指士兵、 军队等）到处抢劫的, 劫掠的: * The countryside was overrun by marauding bands. 郊野到处都有散兵游勇, 四出打劫. 派生： marauder/mE'rC:dE(r); mE'rCdl] n person or animal that does this 参与劫掠的人或动物.

marble
[5ma:bl; 5marbl] n 1 [U] type of hard limestone used, when cut and polished, for building and sculpture 大理石: * a slab of unpolished marble 未经打磨的大理石板 * These steps are made of marble. 这些台阶是大理石的. * [attrib 作定语] a marble statue, tomb, etc 大理石的雕像、 墓等. 2 marbles [pl] collection of marble sculptures; works of art in marble 大理石雕刻品; 大理石艺术品. 3 (a) [C] small ball of glass, clay, etc used by children in games （儿童玩的）玻璃弹球, 泥弹球. (b) marbles [pl] game played with these 弹球游戏: * Let's have a game of marbles. 咱们玩儿弹球游戏吧. 4 (idm 习语) lose one's marbles => lose. 派生： marble adj [attrib 作定语] (fig 比喻) like marble 像大理石的: marble (ie smooth and white) skin 大理石般光洁的皮肤 * a marble (ie cold and unfeeling) heart 铁石心肠. marbled[5ma:bld; 5marbld] adj having a pattern of streaks in different colours, resembling marble 有大理石般色彩纹理的: * a book with marbled covers 有大理石花纹封面的书. marbling[5ma:bliN; 5marbliN] n [U] (technique of producing a) marbled pattern on paper 纸上的大理石花纹图案（制作技术）.

marcasite
[5ma:kEsait; 5markE7sait] n [C, U] (piece of a) type of crystallized mineral, used as jewellery 白铁矿, 白铁矿石（用作饰物）: * [attrib 作定语] a marcasite ring, ie a ring with a marcasite set into it 白铁矿石戒指.

March
[ma:tF; martF] n 1 [U, C] (abbr 缩写 Mar) the third month of the year, next after February 叁月. 2 (idm 习语) mad as a March hare => mad. For the uses of March see the examples at April. 关於March的用法见April词条中的示例.

marchioness
[7ma:FE'nes; 7marFE'nes] n (a) wife or widow of a marquis 侯爵夫人; 侯爵遗孀. (b) woman holding the same rank as a marquis 女侯爵.

Mardi Gras
[7ma:di 'gra:; 5mardi'gra] carnival held in some countries to celebrate the last day (Shrove Tuesday) or days before Lent 大斋期的前一日或前几日的节日.

mare
1[meE(r); mer] n 1 female horse or donkey 母马; 母驴. Cf 参看 filly, foal, stallion. 2 (idm 习语) a `mare's nest discovery that seems interesting but turns out to be false or worthless （以为有意思的却原来是虚假的或无价值的）发现. on Shank's pony/mare => shank.

margarine
[7ma:dVE'ri:n; - 'ma:rdVErin; 5mardVE7rin] (also Brit infml 英式口语作 marge/ma:dV; mardV] ) n [U] food like butter, made from animal or vegetable fats 人造黄油.

margin
[5ma:dVin; 5mardVin] n 1 (a) blank space round the written or printed matter on a page （书写品或印刷品纸页上的）空白边缘, 页边空白: * wide/narrow margins 宽的[窄的]页边 * notes written in the margin 写在页边上的注解. (b) edge or border 边; 缘; 边沿: * the margin of a lake, pool, pond, etc 湖、 水池、 池塘等的边. 2 (a) amount of space, time, votes, etc by which sth is won 获得某事物相差的时空、 票数等的量; 差数; 差额; 差距: * a wide margin between the winner and the loser, eg a big difference in points scored 胜败双方比分的巨大差数 * He beat the other runners by a margin of ten seconds/by a wide margin. 他以领先十秒[很大差距]战胜了其他赛跑者. * She won the seat by a margin of ten votes. 她以十票优势赢得席位. (b) amount of space, time, etc which is allowed for success or safety 为成功或安全而应有的时空等的量; 馀地: * Leave a good safety margin between your car and the next. 要在你的汽车和另一辆车之间留出一段足够的安全距离. 3 (commerce 商) difference between cost price and selling price 成本与售价间的差额; 赢利; 利润: * a business operating on tight (ie small) (profit) margins 赚头小的生意. 派生： marginal[-nl; -nl] adj 1 [attrib 作定语] of or in a margin(1a) （纸页）空白边缘（上）的, 页边空白（上）的: * marginal notes, marks, etc 页边的注解、 标记等. 2 small; slight 小的; 少的; 轻微的: There's only a marginal difference between the two estimates. 这两种估计差别很小. 3 insignificant 微不足道的; 不重要的: This once important social group is becoming more and more marginal (to the way the country is run). 这个一度十分重要的社会集团（对治理该国的影响）越来越无足轻重了. 4 (of land) not fertile enough for profitable farming except when prices of farm products are high （指土地）贫瘠的（非至农产品价格上涨时不值得利用的）.

margin1
5 (politics 政 esp Brit) that is won by only a small majority of votes 仅以微弱多数票获胜的: a marginal seat/constituency 边缘席位[选区]. n seat or constituency of this type 边缘席位或选区: a Labour marginal 工党的边缘席位. marginally[-nEli; -nli] adv slightly 稍微地: * a marginallybigger area 略大一些的面积.

marguerite
[7ma:gE'ri:t; 7margE'rit] n any of various types of daisy, esp the ox-eye daisy with white petals round a yellow centre 茼蒿菊; 雏菊; （尤指）牛眼菊.

marigold
[5mArigEuld; 5mArE7gold] n any of various types of garden plant with orange or yellow flowers 金盏花; 金盏菊; 万寿菊.

marijuana
(also marihuana)[7mArju'a:nE; 7mArE'wanE] n [U] dried leaves and flowers of Indian hemp, usu smoked as a drug 大麻; 大麻叶和花; 大麻烟. Cf 参看 cannabis, hashish.

marimba
[mE'rimbE; mE'rimbE] n musical instrument like a xylophone 马林巴琴.

marina
[mE'ri:nE; mE'rinE] n harbour (often withleisure facilities, hotels, etc) built for yachts and pleasure-boats 游艇停泊港（常有娱乐设施、 旅馆等）.

marinade
[7mAri5neid; 7mArE'ned] n [C, U] sauce of wine, herbs, etc in which fish or meat is soaked before it is cooked; fish or meat soaked in this （用酒、 香料等调制的）腌泡汁; 腌泡过的鱼或肉: * a marinade of pork and lamb 腌泡过的猪肉和羊肉. 派生： marinade (also marinate[5mArineit; 5mArE7net] )v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in sth) soak (food) in a marinade 腌泡（食物）: * marinated pork 腌泡过的猪肉 * Marinate the veal in white wine for two hours. 把小牛肉用白葡萄酒浸泡两小时.

marine
1[mE'ri:n; mE'rin] adj 1 of, near, found in or produced by the sea 海的; 近海的; 海中的; 海产的: * a marine creature, plant, etc 海产的生物、 植物等 * a marine painter, ie an artist who paints seascapes 海景画家 * a marine biologist, ie a scientist who studies life in the sea 海洋生物学家. 2 of ships, sea-trade, the navy, etc 船只的; 海运的; 海军的: * marine insurance, ie insurance of ships and cargo 海上保险 * marine stores, ie materials and supplies for ships 船用物品.

mariner
[5mArinE(r); 5mArEnl] n (dated or fml 旧或文) sailor 水手: * a master mariner 商船船长.

marionette
[7mAriE'net; 7mAriE'net] n jointed puppetmoved by strings 牵线木偶. =>illus at puppet 见puppet插图.

marital
[5mAritl; 5mArEtl] adj [attrib 作定语] of ahusband or wife; of marriage 夫的; 妻的; 婚姻的: * maritalvows, ie to be faithful, etc 婚誓 * marital problems, disagreements, disharmony, etc 婚姻的问题、 不和睦、 不和谐等. 复合： marital status (fml 文) whether one is married, single or divorced 婚姻状况（已婚、 单身或离婚）.

maritime
[5mAritaim; 5mArE7taim] adj 1 of the sea, sailing or shipping 海的; 海上的; 航海的; 海事的: * maritime law 海事法 * the great maritime powers, ie countries with powerful navies 海上强国. 2 situated or found near the sea 沿海的; 近海的: * the maritime provinces of Canada 加拿大的沿海省份.

marjoram
[5ma:dVErEm; 5mardVErEm] n [U] sweet-smelling herb used as a seasoning in cooking 墨角兰（草本植物, 芳香, 用作烹饪调料）.

mark
1[ma:k; mark] n 1 (a) stain, spot, line, etc, esp one that spoils the appearance of sth 痕迹; 污点; 斑: * black marks on white trousers 白裤子上的黑色污迹 * Who made these dirty marks on my new book? 谁把我的新书弄上了这些污迹? (b) noticeable spot or area on the body by which a person or animal may be recognized （人或动物身上可供识别用的）特徵, 胎记: * a horse with a white mark on its head 头上有白斑的马 * This scar is her main distinguishing mark. 这块疮疤是她主要的识别记号. Cf 参看 birthmark (birth). 2 (a) written or printed symbol; figure, line, etc made as a sign or an indication of sth （书写的或印刷的）符号; （图、 线等的）记号: * ,punctu`ation marks 标点符号 * Put a mark in the margin to show the omission. 在页边作个记号表示有遗漏. * White marks painted on the trees show the route. 树上涂有白色符号用以表示行进路线. (b) symbol on sth to show its origin, ownership or quality （表示来源、 属有关系或品质的）标签, 标记: * `laundry marks, ie showing which laundry items have been sent to 洗衣房记号（表示已送到洗衣房的衣物标记） * cattle branded with a distinctive mark, ie of ownership 烙有物主标记的牛. Cf 参看 trade mark (trade1). 3 visible trace; sign or indication (of a quality, feeling, etc) （性质、 感情等的）痕迹, 迹象: * marks of suffering, old age 痛苦、 年老的表徵 * Please accept this gift as a mark of our respect. 请接受我们这份薄礼, 聊表敬意. 4 number or letter, eg B+, used as an assessment of sb's work or conduct 评定某人的工作或操行用的数字或字母符号（如B+）: * get a good/poor mark in maths 数学获得良[劣] * give sb high/low marks (for sth) 给某人高[低]分 * She got 80 marks out of 100 for geography. 她的地理得了80分. 5 cross made on a document instead of a signature by an illiterate person （文盲在文件上当作签名的）十字画押:

mark1
* put/make one's mark (on sth) （在某物上）写十字（画押）. 6 Mark (followed by a number 後接数字) model or type (of a machine, vehicle, etc) （表示机器、 车辆等的）型, 式: * the Jaguar XJ6, Mark II 豹牌XJ6, II型轿车 * a Mark IV Cortina （福特）科天娜IV型轿车. 7 (fml 文) thing aimed at; target 目标; 目的; 鹄的: * The arrow reached its mark and the bird fell dead. 那枝箭射中鹄的, 那只鸟坠地而死. 8 (in sport) line from which a race starts; point from which a bowler, jumper, etc begins his run （体育）起跑线, 起点: * be quick/slow off the mark 起跑快[慢]. 9 (idm 习语) be/fall wide of the mark => wide. an easy mark => easy1. full marks => full. give sb full marks => full. ,hit/,miss the `mark succeed/fail in an attempt to do sth 做成[未做成]某事物; 达到[未达到]目标. leave/make one's, its, etc mark (on sth/sb) leave a lasting (good or bad) impression 留下持久的（好或坏）印象: * War has left its mark on the country. 战争给该国留下了不可磨灭的痕迹. * Two unhappy marriages have left their mark on her. 两次婚姻不幸给她留下了极坏的印象. ,make one's `mark become famous,successful, etc 出名; 成功: * an actor who has made his mark in films 在电影界已崭露头角的演员. not be/feel (quite) ,up to the `mark not feel as well, lively, etc as usual 不如平时身体好、 有精神等: * I've got flu, so I'm not quite up to the mark. 我得了流感, 所以有点不舒服. on your `marks, (get) `set, `go! (words said by the official starter of an athletics race 径赛发令员的号令语). overshoot the mark => overshoot. overstep the mark => overstep. `up to the `mark equal to the required standard 达到要求的标准: * Her school work isn't quite up to the mark. 她的功课不大符合要求.

market
1[5ma:kit; 5markit] n 1 [C] gathering of people for buying and selling goods; place where they meet 集市; 市场: * She went to (the) market to sell what she had made. 她赶集去出售自制品. * The next market is on the 15th. 下一次集市是15号. * There is a covered market in the town centre. 市中心有个有遮盖的市场. * [attrib 作定语] a market stall, trader, day 集市货摊、 集市交易者、 集日. 2 [C] the state of trade (in a particular type of goods) as shown by prices or the rate at which things are bought and sold 某种货物的交易情况; 行情: * a dull/lively market (in coffee) 呆滞的[活跃的]（咖啡）交易现象 * a rising/falling market (in shares), ie in which prices are rising/falling 上涨的[下跌的]（股票）行情 * The (gold) market is steady, ie Prices are not changing much. （黄金）行情稳定. 3 [sing, U] ~ (for sth) demand 需求: * a good/poor market for motor cars 良好的[呆滞的]汽车销路 * There's not much (of a) market for these goods. 这些货物的需求量不大. 4 [C] area, country, section of the population, etc to which goods may be sold 行销地区; 市场: * We must find new (foreign) markets for our products. 我们必须为产品找到新的（国外）推销市场. * This clothing sells well to the teenage market. 这种衣服在青少年中间很畅销. 5 the market [sing] buyers and sellers 买者与卖者; 市场: * The market determines what goods are made. 有人买、 有人卖就能决定做出什麽货物. * This product did not appeal to the German market. 这种产品不受德国市场的欢迎. 6 (idm 习语) come onto the `market be offered for sale 上市; 在市场上出售: * This house only came onto the market yesterday. 这所房子是昨天才投放到 场出售的. a drug on the market => drug. flood the market => flood1. in the market for sth (infml 口) interested in buying sth 有意买某物: * I'm not in the market for a big, expensive car. 我无意购买大型高价汽车. on the `market offered for sale; on sale 待售; 出售; 上市:

market1
* These computers are not yet on the market. 这些计算机还未上市. * put a car, house, etc on the market 出售汽车、 房子等. play the `market (infml 口) buy and sell stocks and shares to make a profit 买卖证券和股票牟利. price oneself/sth out of the market => price v. 复合： `market-day n day on which a market is regularlyheld 交易日; 集日: Thursday is market-day in Wetherford.在韦瑟福特星期四是集日. ,market `garden (Brit) (US `truck farm) farm where vegetables are grown for sale in markets 蔬菜农场. ,market `gardener person who owns or works in a market garden 蔬菜农场的场主或工人. ,market `gardening [U]. `market hall large roofed area where a market is held 有遮盖的市场. `market-place n 1 (also ,market-`square) [C] open space in a town where a market is held 集市; 市场. 2 the market-place [sing] commercial buying and selling 商业（买卖）活动: Companies must be able to compete in the market-place. 公司一定要在商品交易中有竞争力. ,market `price price for which sth is or can be sold when publicly offered for sale 市场价格; 市价; 时价. ,market re`search study of why and what people buy, to make the sale of goods more successful 市场调查. ,market `share proportion that one company, etc has of the total volume of trading in one kind of goods or services 市场占有率（一公司等的某种货物或服务项目在市场中所占的比例）: Thomsons have a 48% market share. 汤姆森公司有48%的市场占有率. `market town town where a market is held regularly （定期举行集市贸易的）集镇. `market value price at which sth would be sold if offered publicly 市场价值; 市价: offer a car at 500 below (its) market value 以低於市场价格500英镑出售一辆汽车.

marksman
[5ma:ksmEn; 5marksmEn] n (pl -men[-mEn;-mEn] ) person skilled in accurate shooting 善射者; 神射手. 派生： marksmanship n [U] skill in shooting 射击术.

marl
[ma:l; marl] n [U] soil consisting of clay and lime, used as a fertilizer 泥灰（用作肥料）.

marlin
[5ma:lin; 5marlin] n (pl unchanged 复数不变) type of large sea fish with a long nose, similar to the swordfish 枪鱼.

marmalade
[5ma:mEleid; 5marml7ed] n [U] type of jam made from citrus fruit, esp oranges 酸果酱; （尤指）橙子酱.

marmoreal
[ma:'mC:riEl; mar'mCriEl] adj (fml 文) of or like marble （似）大理石的: * marmoreal (ie white and smooth) skin 洁白而光滑的皮肤.

marmoset
[5ma:mEzet; 5marmE7zet] n type of small tropical American monkey with a bushy tail 狨（中南美洲所产尾巴蓬松的小猴）.

marmot
[5ma:mEt; 5marmEt] n type of small burrowing animal of the squirrel family 旱獭.

maroon
1[mE'ru:n; mE'run] adj, n [U] (of a) brownish red 褐红色（的）: * a maroon jacket 褐红色的外衣.

marque
[ma:k; mark] n (fml approv 文, 褒) (famous or particularly good) make or brand of product, esp of a car （着名的或极好的）牌子, 商标（尤指汽车）: * the Mercedes marque 奔驰（又译平治）牌.

marquee
[ma:'ki:; mar'ki] n 1 large tent used for garden parties, flower shows, circuses, etc 大帐篷（游园会、 花展、 马戏表演等用的）. 2 (esp US) canopy over the entrance to a theatre, cinema, hotel, etc （戏院、 电影院、 旅馆等入口处的）遮檐.

marquetry
[5ma:kitri; 5markEtri] n [U] pattern of piecesof wood, ivory, etc set into the surface of furniture as decoration （木料、 象牙等作装饰家具的）镶嵌细工.

marquis
(also marquess)[5ma:kwis; 5markwis] n 1 (in the UK) nobleman next in rank above an earl and below a duke （英国的）侯爵（高於earl而低於duke）. 2(in other countries) nobleman next in rank above a count（其他国家的）侯爵（高於count）. Cf 参看 marchioness.

marram
[5mArEm; 5mArEm] n [U] (also `marram grass) type of coarse grass that grows esp in sand dunes 滨草.

marriage
[5mAridV; 5mAridV] n 1 [U, C] legal union between a man and a woman as husband and wife; state of being married 结婚; 婚姻: * an offer of marriage 求婚 * After ten years of marriage, they are divorcing. 他们结婚十年了, 现在正闹离婚. * [attrib 作定语] a marriage feast, settlement 婚宴、 结婚授产契约 * Her first marriage ended after five years. 她的第一次婚姻维持了五年. 2 [C] ceremony at which a couple are married; wedding 婚礼: * Her second marriage was held/took place in St John's Church. 她的第二次婚礼是在圣约翰教堂举行的. * a marriage in a registry office 在结婚登记处举行的婚礼. 3 (idm 习语) give sb in `marriage (to sb) (fml 文) offer (usu one's daughter) as a wife 把某人（通常指女儿）嫁出去. take sb in `marriage (fml 文) marry sb 嫁或娶某人. 派生： marriageable adj (fml 文) old enough to marry; suitable for marriage 达到结婚年龄的; 适合结婚的: a woman of marriageable age 到达适婚年龄的女子. marriageability[7mAridVE'bilEti; 7mAridVE'bilEti] n [U]. 复合： `marriage certificate legal document which shows that two people are married 结婚证书. ,marriage `guidance advice given by qualified people on the problems of married couples 婚姻指导: [attrib 作定语] a marriage guidance counsellor 婚姻指导顾问. `marriage licence licence permitting a legal ceremony of marriage 结婚许可证. `marriage lines (Brit infml 口) marriage certificate 结婚证书. ,marriage of con`venience marriage made not for love, but for the personal benefit of one or both partners 权宜婚姻（因利害关系而非为爱情的结合）.

married
[5mArid; 5mArid] adj 1 (a) ~ (to sb) having a husband or wife; united in marriage 结婚的; 已婚的: * a married man, woman, couple, etc 已婚男子、 已婚女子、 一对夫妻 * They like being married. 他们愿意结成夫妻. * be/get married (to sb) （与某人）结婚 * He's married to a famous writer. 他娶了一位名作家. (b) [attrib 作定语] of marriage; marital 婚姻的: * married life, bliss 婚姻生活、 美满. 2 [pred 作表语] ~ to sth (fig 比喻) dedicated to sth 专心於某事物: * married to one's work 专心致志於工作.

marrow
1[5mArEu; 5mAro] n 1 [U] soft fatty substance that fills the hollow parts of human and animal bones 髓; 骨髓. 2 [U] (fig 比喻) essential part; inner meaning 精华; 精髓: * the marrow of his statement 他所说的要点. 3 (idm 习语) to the `marrow right through 彻骨; 透彻: * I felt frozen to the marrow. 我觉得寒冷刺骨. * She was shocked to the marrow by his actions. 他的行为把她吓得目瞪口呆. 复合： `marrowbone n bone containing edible marrow （烹饪用）含髓的骨: [attrib 作定语] marrowbone jelly 含髓的骨的冻.

marrowfat
[5mArEufAt; 5mAro7fAt] n (also marrowfat`pea) type of large pea 一种大豌豆.

marry
[5mAri; 5mAri] v (pt, pp married) 1 [I, Tn] take (sb) as a husband or wife 与（某人）结婚; 嫁或娶（某人）: * They married (when they were) young. 他们年轻轻就结了婚. * She didn't marry until she was over fifty. 她直到五十多岁才结婚. * He married again six months after the divorce. 他离婚後半年就又结婚了. * Jane is going to marry John. 简就要嫁给约翰了. 2 [Tn] (of a clergyman or civil official, etc) join (a couple) in marriage at a ceremony （指牧师或官员等）为（双方）主持婚礼: * Which priest is going to marry them? 哪位牧师来为他们主持婚礼? * They were married by her (ie the bride's) father, who's a bishop. 新娘的父亲是主教, 为他们主持了婚礼. 3 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (sth) with sth (fig 比喻) combine (sth) successfully with sth else 使（某事物）与另事物结合: * training that marries well with the needs of the job 密切结合工作需要的训练 * She marries wit and/with scholarship in her writing. 她的写作中融合了智慧和学识. 4 (idm 习语) ,marry in `haste, re,pent at `leisure (saying 谚) if one gets married too hurriedly one may regret it for a long time 结婚匆匆, 後悔无穷. marry money (infml 口) marry a rich person 和有钱人结婚. 6 (phr v) marry into sth become a part of (a family, etc) by marrying 因结婚而成为（某家庭等）的成员: * He married into the French aristocracy. 他因婚姻关系跻身於法国贵族. marry sb off get rid of (a daughter) by finding a husband for her 将（女儿）嫁出. marry up (infml 口) (of parts) join up or assemble correctly; match3 （指若干部分）配合, 匹配, 结合: * The two halves of the structure didn't marry up. 该结构的两部分未配合好. * (fig 比喻) The two versions of the story don't quite marry up. 那件事的两种说法不大一致.

Marsala
[ma:'sa:lE; mar'salE] n [U] light sweet Sicilian dessert wine 马尔萨拉葡萄酒（产於西西里岛马尔萨拉镇）.

marsh
[ma:F; marF] n [C, U] (area of) low-lying wet land 沼泽（地带）; 湿地: * miles and miles of marsh 连绵无数英里的沼泽 * We had to cross the marshes. 我们须穿越沼泽地. 派生： marshy adj (-ier, -iest) of, like or containing a marsh （似）沼泽的; 有沼泽的: marshy ground, fields, countryside, etc 沼泽地、 湿软的田地、 有沼泽的农村. 复合： `marsh gas = methane.

marshal
1[5ma:Fl; 5marFEl] n 1 (usu in compounds 通常用以构成复合词) officer of high rank 高级军官:,Field-`Marshal, ie in the Army 陆军元帅 * ,Air-`Marshal,ie in the Air Force 空军中将. =>App 9 见附录9. 2 official responsible for arranging or controlling crowds at certain public events, eg motor races, ceremonies, etc （负责某些公众活动, 如汽车赛、 仪式等的）总指挥, 司仪, 典礼官. 3 (US) (a) officer with duties similar to a sheriff's 执法官; 保安官. (b) head of a police or fire department 警察局长; 消防局长.

marshmallow
[7ma:F'mAlEu; 5marF7mAlo] n [C, U] soft sweet made from sugar and gelatine 果汁软糖.

marsupial
[ma:'su:piEl; mar'supiEl] n, adj (animal) of the class of mammals which includes the kangaroo, the female of which has a pouch on its body to hold its young 有袋总目的（动物）; 有袋动物（袋鼠等）.

mart
[ma:t; mart] n (dated 旧) 1 market 集市; 市场: * A model railway mart will be held on Friday. 铁路模型展销会将於星期五举行. 2 centre of trade 贸易中心: * London is an international mart for stocks and shares. 伦敦是个国际证券与股票的交易中心.

marten
[5ma:tin; - -tn; 5martn] n 1 [C] small animal of the weasel family 貂. 2 [U] its fur 貂皮.

Martian
[5ma:Fn; 5marFEn] n, adj (supposed inhabitant) of the planet Mars （假想的）火星人; 火星的.

martin
[5ma:tin; - -tn; 5martn] n bird of the swallowfamily 圣马丁鸟（燕科）. Cf 参看 house-martin (house1).

martinet
[7ma:ti'net; - -tn'et; 7martn'et] n (usu derog 通常作贬义) person who imposes strict discipline and demands obedience to orders 严格执行纪律并主张服从命令的人.

Martini
(also martini)[ma:'ti:ni; mar'tini] n [C, U] (propr 专利名) (cocktail made of) a mixture of gin and vermouth 马丁尼酒（由杜松子酒和苦艾酒混合成的鸡尾酒）: * mix two martinis 调两杯马丁尼酒.

martyr
[5ma:tE(r); 5martl] n 1 person who is killed or made to suffer greatly because of his (esp religious) beliefs 烈士; （尤指）殉道者: * the early Christian martyrs 早期的基督教殉道者 * She died a martyr in the cause of progress, ie died trying to achieve progress. 她为进步事业而牺牲. 2 (usu derog 通常作贬义) person who suffers or makes sacrifices, or pretends to do so, in order to be admired or pitied 为博得赞赏或同情而受苦、 自我牺牲的人: * He always acts the martyr when he has to do the housework. 他一做家务事就装成舍生取义的样子. * Don't make such a martyr of yourself! 你不必为博得赞赏而自我牺牲! 3 ~ to sth (infml 口) constant sufferer from sth 长期受某物之苦: * She's a martyr to rheumatism. 她长期受风湿病的折磨. 派生： martyr v [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] kill (sb) or make (sb) suffer as a martyr 使（某人）殉难; 处死（某人）使之成殉道者: He was martyred by the Romans. 他被罗马人处死而成为殉道者. martyrdom[5ma:tEdEm; 5martldEm] n [U, C] martyr'ssuffering or death 受苦; 受难; 殉难: * suffer martyrdom at the stake, ie by burning 遭火刑处死.

marvel
[5ma:vl; 5marvl] n 1 [C] wonderful or miraculousthing; thing causing (pleased) astonishment 奇异的事物; 令人惊喜的事物: * the marvels of modern science 现代科学的奇迹 * It's a marvel that he escaped unhurt. 他竟能安然逃脱, 真不可思议. 2 [C esp sing 尤作单数] ~ (of sth) person or thing that is surprisingly good, pleasing, etc 出奇地好的、 令人愉快的人或事物: * She works so hard in spite of her illness: * she's a marvel! 她带病努力工作, 真是难能可贵! * He's a marvel of patience. 他的耐心令人赞叹. * Your room is a marvel of neatness and order. 你的房间整洁得出奇. 3 marvels [pl] wonderful results (used esp with the vs shown) 奇妙的结果（尤与所示动词连用）: * The doctor's treatment has worked marvels: * the patient has recovered completely. 该医生妙手回春, 病人已完全康复. * perform/do marvels at the kitchen stove 烹调出美味佳肴. 派生： marvel v (-ll-; US -l-) [Ipr, Tf] ~ at sth (fml 文) be very surprised (and often admiring) 大为惊讶（常含赞叹之意）: marvel at sb's boldness 赞佩某人勇敢 * I marvelled at the maturity of such a young child/at the beauty of the landscape. 小小年纪如此成熟[风景之美]使我赞叹不已. * I marvel that she agreed to do something so dangerous. 我大为惊异的是, 她竟同意做如此危险的事. marvellous (US marvelous)[5ma:vElEs; 5marvlEs] adj 1 (infml 口) very good; excellent 极好的; 绝妙的: * a marvellous writer, car, dog 极好的作家、 汽车、 狗. 2 astonishing; wonderful 不可思议的; 惊奇的; 奇妙的: * It's marvellous how he's managed to climb that far. 他怎能爬得那麽远, 真不可思议. marvellously (US marvelously) adv.

Marxism
[5ma:ksizEm; 5marksizm] n [U] political and economic theory of Karl Marx (1818-83), stating that class struggle is the force behind historical change and that capitalism will inevitably be replaced by socialism and a classless society 马克思主义: * Communism is based on Marxism. 共产主义是以马克思主义为基础. 派生： Marxist[5ma:ksist; 5marksist] n supporter of Marxism马克思主义者. adj characterized by, supporting or relating to Marxism 马克思主义的: * have Marxist views 有马克思主义观点 * a Marxist government, regime, etc 马克思主义的政府、 政权等. 复合： Marxism-Leninism[-'leninizEm; -'leni7nizm] n [U] Marxism as developed by Lenin 马克思列宁主义. Marxist-Leninist n, adj.

marzipan
[5ma:zipAn, 7ma:zi'pAn; 5marzE7pAn] n [U] thick paste of ground almonds, sugar, etc used to make sweets, decorate cakes, etc 杏仁蛋白糊（用来做糖果、 装饰糕点等）.

masc
abbr 缩写 = masculine. Cf 参看 fem.

mascara
[mA'ska:rE; - -'skArE; mAs'kArE] n [U] cosmetic substance for darkening the eyelashes 染睫毛膏: * apply the mascara thickly 浓施睫毛膏.

mascot
[5mAskEt, -skCt; 5mAskEt, -skat] n person, animal or thing thought to bring good luck 吉祥的人、 动物或东西（认为能带来好运者）: * The regimental mascot is a goat. 这个团的吉祥物是山羊. * His little son is the mascot for the local football team. 他的小儿子是当地足球队的吉祥人物.

masculine
[5mAskjulin; 5mAskjElin] adj 1 having the qualities or appearance thought to be typical of men 有男子特质或外观的; 男子气的: * masculine looks, attitudes 男子汉的容貌、 姿态 * She looks rather masculine in that suit. 她穿着那套衣服看上去有些男性化. 2 (grammar) referring to the male gender 阳性的: * `He' and `him' are masculine pronouns. he和him都是阳性代词. 派生： masculine n (grammar) 1 [C] a masculine(2) wordor word form 阳性词; 阳性形式. 2 the masculine [sing] the class of these 阳性: a French adjective in the masculine 法语的阳性形容词. masculinity[7mAskju'linEti; 7mAskjE'linEti] n [U] quality of being masculine 男性; 阳性. =>Usage at female 用法见female.

maser
[5meizE(r); 5mezl] n device for producing or amplifying microwaves 微波激射器.

mash
[mAF; mAF] n 1 [U] grain, bran, etc cooked in water until soft, used as food for animals （由谷物、 糠、 麸等煮成的）饲料. 2 (a) [U, C] any substance made by crushing sth into a soft mass 糊状物: * a mash of wet paper and paste 湿纸和糨糊的混合物. (b) [U] (infml 口) boiled potatoes crushed into a soft mass 土豆泥: * bangers (ie sausages) and mash 香肠和土豆泥. 3 [C, U] mixture of malt and hot water used in brewing beer （酿啤酒用的）麦芽浆. 派生： mash v [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) beat or crush sth into a mash 将某物捣成糊状: mashed potatoes, turnips, etc 土豆泥、 萝卜泥 * Mash the fruit up (with a fork) so that the baby can eat it. （用叉子）把水果戳烂孩子就能吃了. masher n cooking utensil for mashing potatoes, etc 捣碎器（用以捣碎马铃薯等的炊具）.

mask
1[ma:sk; - mAsk; mAsk] n 1 covering for the face, or part of it, worn as a disguise 面具; 面罩: * a bank robber wearing a stocking mask 戴着长筒袜面罩抢劫银行的匪徒. 2 (a) likeness of a face carved in wood, ivory, etc, or made of papier mache, plastic, card, etc （木、 象牙等的）面部雕像; （制型纸、 塑料、 厚纸等制的）假面具: * a child wearing a gorilla mask 戴着猩猩面具的孩子 * an actor wearing the mask of tragedy, eg in Greek drama 戴悲剧人物面具的演员（如演希腊戏剧）. (b) likeness of a face made by taking a mould in wax 蜡塑面部模型: * a death mask, ie such a mould taken when a person is dead 死者蜡塑面部模型（取自死者面部者）. 3 = gas mask. =>illus 见插图. 4 pad of sterile material worn over the mouth and nose, eg by doctors and nurses during a surgical operation, to protect against infection 口罩. =>illus 见插图. 5 (usu sing 通常作单数) (fml fig 文, 比喻) thing that hides the truth; pretence 用作掩盖的事物; 掩饰; 伪装: * Her sociable manner is really a mask for a very shy nature. 她那好交际的作风, 实际上是她 腆天性的伪装. * He conceals his worries behind a mask of nonchalance. 他装作若无其事, 藉以掩饰内心的不安.

masochism
[5mAsEkizEm; 5mAsE7kizEm] n [U] getting (esp sexual) pleasure from one's own pain or humiliation受虐狂; （尤指）性受虐狂. Cf 参看 sadism. > masochist[-kIst; -kIst/ n. masochistic[7mAsE'kistik; 7mAsE'kistik] adj.

mason
[5meisn; 5mesn] n 1 person who builds in or works with stone 石工; 砖石工; 泥瓦匠. 2 Mason Freemason 共济会会员. 派生： masonic (also Masonic)[mE'sCnik; mE'sanik] adj of freemasons 共济会会员的: * masonic ritual 共济会仪式. masonry[5meisEnri; 5mesnri] n [U] 1 that part of a building that is made of stone and mortar; stonework 砖石建 ; 泥瓦砖石结构: * crumbling masonry 日渐崩坏的砖石结构. 2 Masonry Freemasonry 共济会成员（总称）.

masque
[ma:sk; - mAsk; mAsk] n (a) [C] versedrama, often with music and dancing, popular in Englandin the 16th and 17th centuries 假面剧（16-17世纪英国流行的一种诗剧, 常伴以音乐与舞蹈）. (b) [U] this theatrical form 假面剧: * the study of Elizabethan masque 对伊丽莎白时代假面剧的研究.

masquerade
[7ma:skE'reid; - 7mAsk-; 7mAskE'red] n 1 false show; pretence 假装; 伪装: * Her sorrow is just a masquerade. 她难过的样子纯粹是假装的. 2 formal dance at which masks and other disguises are worn 化装舞会. 派生： masquerade v [I, Ipr] ~ (as sth) pretend to be sth one is not; disguise oneself as sth or sb else 伪装为某事物; 乔装为某物或某人: masquerade as a policeman 假扮成警察 * The prince masqueraded as a peasant. 那王子乔装为农夫. masquerader n.

Mass
(also mass)[mAs; mAs] n 1 [C, U] celebration of Christ's Last Supper, esp in the Roman Catholic Church 弥撒: * go to Mass 望弥撒 * hear Mass 听弥撒 * High Mass, ie with incense, music and much ceremony 大弥撒（包括烧香、 奏乐和许多仪式） * The priest says two Masses each day. 那牧师每天作两次弥撒. 2 [C] musical setting for this 弥撒曲: * Beethoven's Mass in D 贝多芬的D大调弥撒曲.

massacre
[5mAsEkE(r); 5mAsEkl] n 1 cruel killing of a large number (of people or animals) 大屠杀: * the massacre of thousands of people for their religious beliefs 因宗教信仰原因而对千万人的大屠杀. 2 (infml 口) defeat (of a team) by a large number of points, etc （运动队的）惨败: * The game was a 10-0 massacre. 比赛结果是10-0惨败. 派生： massacre v [Tn] 1 kill large numbers of (people or animals) 大量屠杀（人或动物）. 2 (infml 口) defeat (a team) by a large number of points, etc 以悬殊比分等战胜（某运动队）: We were massacred in the final. 我们在决赛中惨败.

massage
[5mAsa:V; - mE'sa:V; mE'saV] n [C, U] (act of) rubbing and pressing the body, usu with the hands, to relieve or prevent stiffness or pain in muscles, joints, etc 按摩; 推拿: * give sb a relaxing massage 给某人作放松按摩 * The doctor recommended massage for my back pain. 医生建议我作按摩医治背痛. 派生： massage v [Tn] give massage to (sb, sb's muscles, etc) 给（某人、 某人的肌肉等）作按摩. masseur/mA'sE:(r); mA'sE] (fem 阴性作 masseuse/ mA5s\:z; mA`s[z/) ns person who practises massage as a profession 按摩师.

massif
[mA'si:f; mA'sif] n compact group of mountain peaks 山峦.

massive
[5mAsiv; 5mAsiv] adj 1 (a) large, heavy and solid 大而重的; 巨大的: * a massive monument, rock, etc 巨大的纪念碑、 大石. (b) (of the features of a person or animal ) heavy-looking （指人或动物的面貌）粗大的: * The gorilla had a massive forehead. 猩猩的前额很大. 2 substantial; very large 可观的; 巨大的; 大量的: * a massive increase, crowd 巨大的增长、 大批的群众 * She drank a massive amount of alcohol. 她喝了大量的烈性酒. * He suffered a massive (ie very severe) heart attack.他患了严重的心脏病. > massively adv. massivenessn [U].

mast
1[ma:st; - mAst; mAst] n 1 upright post of wood or metal used to support a ship's sails 船桅; 樯. =>illus at yacht 见yacht插图. 2 tall pole, eg for a flag 长杆（如旗杆）. 3 tall steel structure for the aerials of a radio or TV transmitter （电视或无线电发射机的）天线塔. 4 (idm 习语) at half-mast => half. before the `mast (dated or rhet 旧或修辞) serving as an ordinary seaman 当二等水兵: * He spent ten years before the mast. 他当了十年的海员. nail one's colours to the mast => nail v. 派生： -masted (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having the specified number or type of mast(s) 有若干船桅的; 有某类型船桅的: a two-/three-masted ship * a tall-masted yacht. 复合： `mast-head n 1 highest part of a mast, often used as a look-out post 桅顶, 桅头（常用作了望台）. 2 display title of a newspaper, etc at the top of the front page 报头, 刊头（报纸等首页上方刊载名称的部分）.

mastectomy
[mE'stektEmi; mAs'tektEmi] n (medical 医) surgical removal of a woman's breast （女子的）乳房切除术.

master
1[5ma:stE(r); - 'ms-; 5mAstl] n 1 man who has others working for him or under him; employer 主人; 雇主: * master and servant 主人和仆人 * The slaves feared their master. 奴隶惧怕奴隶主. Cf 参看 mistress1. 2 [attrib 作定语] skilled workman or one who has his own business 熟练技工; 能手; 独立经营者: * a master carpenter, builder, etc 手艺高的木工、 独立经营的营造商. 3 male head of a household 男户主: * the master of the house 这家的男主人. 4 captain of a merchant ship 商船的船长: * obtain a master's certificate/ticket, ie licence that gives the holder the right to be a ship's captain 获得商船的船长证书 * the master of HMS Britain 皇家海军不列颠号舰长 * [attrib 作定语] a master mariner 商船船长. 5 male owner of a dog, horse, etc 狗、 马等的男主人: * That dog is devoted to his master. 那条狗忠於主人. 6 (a) (esp Brit) male schoolteacher （中小学的）男教师: * the `French master, ie person who teaches French 法语教师 * `schoolmaster 校长. (b) (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) teacher of other subjects taughtoutside school （教授校外科目的）教师: * a `dancing-master舞蹈教师 * `riding-master 骑术教练. 7 Master holder of the second university degree 硕士: * She's a Master of Arts/Sciences. 她有文学[理学]硕士学位. * a Master of Engineering 工程科硕士. 8 Master (used as a title for boys too young to be called Mr 用以对年龄小不便称作先生的男孩的尊称): * Master Charles Smith 查尔斯．史密斯少爷. 9 Master title of the heads of certain colleges 某些学院院长的尊称: * the Master of Balliol College, Oxford 牛津大学巴利奥尔学院院长. 10 great artist 艺术大师: * a painting by a Dutch master 荷兰大师的画. 11 (a) ~ of sth (fml 文) person who has control of sth 能控制某种事物的人: * He is master of the situation. 他能控制这种局面.

master1
* be master of a subject, ie know it thoroughly 为精通某科目的行家 * He has made himself master of the language, ie He speaks it very well. 他精通该语言. * You cannot be the master of (ie decide) your own fate. 你无法决定自己的命运. * (dated 旧) He is the master of a large fortune, ie can use it as he wishes. 他能随意处置一大笔财产. (b) person who is superior 占优势者: * We shall see which of us is master, eg which of us will win (a fight, competition, etc). 看咱们谁赢吧. * He has met his master, ie has been overcome, defeated, etc. 他遇到了弊星. 12 film, tape, etc from which copies are made （可供复制的）原版影片、 磁带等: * Take the master and make 20 copies by tomorrow. 用这原版磁带明天复制出20盘来. * [attrib 作定语] the master tape, film, copy, etc 原版的磁带、 影片、 拷贝等. 13 [attrib 作定语] (a) commanding; superior; excellent 指挥的; 高超的; 优秀的: * This painting is the work of a master hand, ie a superior and skilful artist. 这画出自名家之手. (b) overall; complete 总体的; 完整的: * a master plan of the building 建 的总体规划. (c) main; principal 主要的; 首要的: * the master bedroom 主卧室 * the master cylinder 主汽缸. 14 (idm 习语) master in one's own `house person who can manage his own affairs without interference 自己作主; 自己说了算. one's lord and master => lord. (be) one's own `master/`mistress (be) free and independent 独立自主: * She likes being her own mistress, and not having to work for someone else. 她喜欢独立自主, 不必为别人工作. serve two masters => serve. 复合： `master class lesson, esp in music, given by a famous expert to highly skilled students 名家、 专家给优秀生教授的课（尤指音乐课）. `master-key n (also `pass key) key made to open many different locks, each also opened by a separate key 万能钥匙.

master2
`mastermind n person who is unusually intelligent, esp one who plans the work of others 极具才智者; （尤指）决策者: the mastermind behind the project 该工程的幕後策画人. v [Tn] plan and/or direct (a scheme, etc) 策 画, 操纵（一阴谋等）: mastermind a campaign, robbery, project 策画一运动、 抢劫、 项目 * A major criminal masterminded the huge fraud. 一要犯策画了这个大诈骗案. ,Master of `Ceremonies (abbr 缩写 MC) person incharge of certain social occasions, who introduces guests,etc 司仪; 典礼官. `masterpiece n task done with great skill, esp an artist's greatest work 杰作; （尤指）名着. `Master's degree (also `Master's) higher degree betweena Bachelor of Arts, etc and a Doctor of Philosophy 硕士学位. ,master `sergeant (US) senior non-commissioned officer in the army, air force, or marines （陆军或海军陆战队的）二级军士长; （空军的）叁级军士长. =>App 9 见附录9. `master-stroke n very skilful act which ensures success 高招; 绝招: Settling the dispute needed a diplomatic master-stroke. 要解决这一争端需有高明的手腕.

masterful
[5ma:stEfl; - 'mAs-; 5mAstlfEl] adj able to control others; dominating 能控制别人的; 专横的: * a masterful person, character, tone 专横的人、 性格、 语调 * speak in a masterful manner 用独行其是的态度说话. > masterfully[-fEli; -fEli] adv.

masterly
[5ma:stEli; - 'mAs-; 5mAstlli] adj (approv 褒) very skilful 熟练的; 巧妙的: * their masterly handling of a difficult situation 他们对因难局面的巧妙处理.

mastery
[5ma:stEri; 5mAstEri] n [U] 1 ~ (of sth) (complete) knowledge; great skill 精通; 熟练: * demonstratea mastery of Arabic 显示对阿拉伯语的精通 * She showedcomplete mastery in her handling of the discussion. 她处理这种辩论表现得应付裕如. 2 ~ (over sb/sth) control 控制: * Which side will get the mastery? 哪一方将获得控制权? * gain mastery (over an opponent) 占上风（超越对手）.

mastic
[5mAstik; 5mAstik] n [U] 1 gum or resin from the bark of certain trees, used in making varnish 乳香树脂. 2 type of pliable cement used for waterproofing joints in window-frames, roofs, etc 胶合铺料, 胶粘水泥（作窗框、 屋顶等填缝防水用的）.

masticate
[5mAstikeit; 5mAstE7ket] v [I, Tn] (fml 文) chew (food) 咀嚼（食物）. > mastication[7msti'keiFn;7mAstE'keFEn] n [U].

mastiff
[5mAstif; 5mAstif] n type of large strong dog with drooping ears, often used as a watchdog 大驯犬.

mastitis
[mA'staitis; mAs'taitis] n [U] (medical 医) inflammation, usu with swelling, of the breast or udder 乳腺炎; 乳房炎.

mastodon
[5mAstEdCn; 5mAstE7dan] n large animal like an elephant, now extinct 乳齿象（似象之巨兽, 现已绝种）.

mastoid
[5mAstCid; 5mAstCid] n part of a bone behind the ear （耳後的）乳突. 派生： mastoiditis[7mAstCi'daitis; 7mAstCid'aitis] n [U] inflammation of the mastoid 乳突炎.

masturbate
[5mAstEbeit; 5mAstl7bet] v [I, Tn] give (oneself/sb) sexual pleasure by stimulating the genitals, esp by hand （刺激生殖器）给（自己[某人]）性快感; （尤指）手淫. > masturbation[7mstE'beiFn; 7mAstl'beFEn] n [U]. masturbatory[7mstE'beitEri; --bE'tC:ri; 5mAstlbE7tCri] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语]: * masturbatory fantasies 手淫幻想.

mat
1[mAt; mAt] n 1 (a) piece of material, made of straw, rushes, fibre, etc, used to cover part of a floor 席; 垫: * a `doormat 门口蹭鞋垫. (b) thick pad, usu of foam, rubber, etc, used in gymnastics or wrestling for competitors to land on （用於体操或摔交运动的）厚垫子. 2 small piece of material placed under a hot dish, or a glass, vase, etc to protect the surface underneath （用以垫热碟、 杯子、 花瓶等的）小垫: * a cork `table-mat 软木碗盘垫 * a beer mat 啤酒杯垫. 3 mass of things tangled thickly together 一丛; 一团; 一簇: * a mat of weeds, hair, threads 一团杂草、 毛发、 线. 派生： mat v (-tt-) [I, Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (cause sth to) become thickly tangled or knotted （使某物）缠结: matted hair 缠结在一起的毛发.

matador
[5mAtEdC:(r); 5mAtE7dCr] n bullfighter whose task is to fight and kill the bull 斗牛士.

match
1[mAtF; mAtF] n short piece of wood or pasteboard with a head made of material that bursts into flame when rubbed against a rough or specially prepared surface 火柴: * strike a match 划火柴 * a box of matches 一盒火柴 * put a match to sth, ie set it alight 用火柴点着某物. 复合： `matchbox n box for holding matches 火柴盒. `matchstick n stem of a match 火柴梗; 火柴棍; 火柴 : two thin legs, like matchsticks 两条瘦得像火柴棍儿似的腿. `matchwood n [U] 1 wood suitable for making matches 适於做火柴 的木材. 2 splinters or small pieces of wood 碎木; 细木片: a boat smashed to matchwood, ie completely broken up 撞得粉碎的船.

mate
1[meit; met] n 1 (a) (infml 口) (male) friend, companion or fellow-worker （男的）朋友, 夥伴, 同事: * He's an old mate of mine. 他是我的老夥伴. * I'm off for a drink with my mates. 我要和同事出去喝一杯. (b) (Brit sl 俚) (used as a form of address to a man 用作对男子的称呼): * Where are you off to, mate? 老兄, 你上哪儿去? (c) (in compounds 用以构成复合词) person participating in the same named activity, organization, etc or sharing the same accommodation 参与同一活动、 组织等或同享食宿的人: * my room-mate/flat-mate 与我同住一室[一单元]的人 * her team-mates, class-mates, playmates 她的队友、 同学、 夥伴. 2 (in job names 用於工作名称中) assistant of a skilled workman 熟练工的助手: * a plumber's mate 铅管工的助手. 3 (in the merchant navy) ship's officer below the rank of captain （商船中）级别低於船长的职员: * the chief mate, ie ranking just below the captain 大副 * the first/second/third mate 大[二/叁]副. 4 (a) either of a pair of birds or animals 一对鸟或兽之一: * The blackbird sat on the nest waiting for the return of her mate. 黑鹂在巢中等候其雄鸟归来. (b) (infml 口) husband or wife 丈夫; 妻子.

material
1[mE'tiEriEl; mE'tiriEl] n 1 [C, U] substance or things from which sth else is or can be made; thing with which sth is done 材料; 原料: * raw materials for industry, eg iron ore, oil, etc 工业原料 * building materials, eg bricks, timber, sand 建 材料 * writing materials, eg pens, paper, ink 用於书写的材料（如钢笔、 纸、 墨水） * We use high-quality raw material for our goods. 我们的产品是用优质原料制造的. * (fig 比喻) He is not officer material, ie will not become a good officer. 他不是当官的材料（不会成为好官）. 2 [U, C] fabric; cloth 织物; 布料: * enough material to make two dresses 够做两件连衣裙的料子 * tough cotton material 结实的棉布 * We sell the best materials. 我们出售优质布料. 3 [U] facts, information, etc to be used in writing a book, as evidence, etc （写书等用的）事实, 资料: * She's collecting material for a newspaper article. 她正在搜集素材在报纸上发表文章.

materialism
[mE'tiEriElizEm; mE'tiriEl7izEm] n [U] 1(usu derog 通常作贬义) obsession with material possessions,bodily comforts, etc while neglecting spiritual values 物质享乐主义（迷恋於占有财富、 肉体享受等, 而轻视精神价值）: * the rampant materialism of modern society 现代社会中蔓延成风的物质享乐主义. 2 (philosophy 哲) theory or belief that only material things exist 唯物主义; 唯物论. 派生： materialist/mE'tiEriElist; mE'tiriElist] n 1 person excessively interested in material things 物质享乐主义者. 2 believer in materialism(2) 唯物主义者; 唯物论者. materialistic/mE7tiEriE'listik; mE7tiriEl'istik] adj of materialism 物质享乐主义的; 唯物主义的; 唯物论的: * amaterialistic person, theory, society 一味追求物质享乐的人、唯物主义的理论、 物质至上的社会. materialistically[-klI; -klI/ adv.

materialize, materialise
[mE'tiEriElaiz; mE'tiriEl7aiz] v [I] 1 become a reality; happen 成为现实; 实现; 发生: * Our plans did not materialize. 我们的计画未能实现. * The threatened strike never materialized. 扬言要举行罢工, 却从未付诸行动. 2 take bodily form; become visible; appear 具体化; 实体化; 呈现; 出现: * He claimed that he could make ghosts materialize. 他声称他可以使鬼魂现身. * (infml 口) He failed to materialize, ie did not come. 他并没有来. > materialization, -isation/mE7tiEriElai'zeiFn; - -li'z-; mE7tiriEli'zeFEn] n [U].

maternal
[mE'tE:nl; mE'tEnl] adj 1 of or like a mother （似）母亲的: * maternal affection, feelings, duties, etc 母亲的爱、 感情、 责任等 * She feels very maternal towards him. 她对他充满母爱. 2 [attrib 作定语] related through the mother's side of the family 母系的; 母亲方面的: * my maternal grandfather, aunt, etc 我的外祖父、 姨母等. Cf 参看 paternal. > maternally[-nEli; -nli] adv.

maternity
[mE'tE:nEti; mE'tEnEti] n [U] motherhood 母性; 为母之道: * [attrib 作定语] a maternity dress, ie one for a pregnant woman 孕妇服装 * a maternity ward, hospital, etc, ie for women who have just given birth 产科病房、 医院等.

matey
[5meiti; 5meti] adj ~ (with sb) (infml 口) sociable; familiar; friendly 亲近的; 亲热的; 友好的: * Don't get too matey with him he's a rogue. 别和他太亲近了--他是个无赖.

mathematics
[7mAWE'mAtiks; 7mAWE'mAtiks] n [sing or pl v] (also Brit infml 英式口语作 maths/mWs; mAWs] [sing or pl v]; US math/mW; mAW] [sing v]) science of numbers, quantity and space, of which eg arithmetic, algebra, trigonometry and geometry are branches 数学: * His mathematics are weak, ie He is not very good at doing calculations, etc. 他数学不好. * Maths is her strongest subject. 数学是她最强的科目. * I don't understand the mathematics (eg the complicated calculations) here. 我不明白这里复杂的数学运算. 派生： mathematical[7mAWE'mAtikl; 7mAWE'mAtikl] adj of mathematics 数学的: * a mathematical calculation, formula, etc 数学运算、 公式等. mathematically[-klI; -klI/ adv: * She's not mathematically inclined, ie not interested in mathematics. 她对数学不感兴趣. mathematician[7mAWEmE'tiFn; 7mAWEmE'tiFEn] n expert in mathematics 数学家.

matinee
(US also matinee)[5mAtnei; - 7mAtn'ei;7mAtn'e] n afternoon performance at a cinema or theatre （电影院或剧院的）下午场: * [attrib 作定语] a matinee idol, ie an actor greatly admired by women 极受女子赞赏的男演员.

matins
(also mattins)[5mAtinz; - 'mAtnz; 5mAtnz] n [sing or pl v] service of morning prayer, esp in the Church of England 晨祷（尤指英国国教的）. Cf 参看 vespers.

matri-
comb form 构词成分 of a mother 母亲的: matricide * matriarch. Cf 参看 patri-.

matriarch
[5meitria:k; 5metri7ark] n female head of a family or tribe 女家长; 女族长. Cf 参看 patriarch. 派生： matriarchal[7meitri5a:kl; 7metri5arkl] adj: * a matriarchal society, tribe, etc 母系的社会、 部落等. matriarchy[5meitria:ki; 5metriarki] n type of society in which women are the heads of families, own property and have most of the authority 母系社会; 母权制.

matrices
pl of matrix.

matricide
[5mAtrisaid; 5mAtrE7said] n 1 [C, U] (act of) killing one's own mother 弑母. 2 [C] person who does this 弑母者. Cf 参看 patricide.

matriculate
[mE'trikjuleit; mE'trikjE7let] v [I, Tn] be admitted or admit (sb) as a student to a university 被录取入大学; 录取（某人）入大学. 派生： matriculation/mE7trikju'leiFn; mE7trikjE'leFEn] n [C, U] (instance of) matriculating or being matriculated 注册; 准予注册入学.

matrimony
[5mAtrimEni; - -mEuni; 5mAtrE7moni] n [U] (fml 文) state of being married; marriage 婚姻生活; 婚姻: * unite a couple in holy matrimony 使双方正式结婚. 派生： matrimonial[7mAtri5mEuniEl; 7mAtrE'moniEl] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of matrimony 婚姻生活的; 婚姻的: * a matrimonial dispute, problem, etc 婚姻生活中的争吵、 婚姻问题.

matrix
[5meitriks; 5metriks] n (pl matrices[5meitrisi:z;'metri7siz] or ~es) 1 mould into which molten metal, liquid, etc is poured to form shapes for eg printer's type, gramophone records, etc 铸模, 模型（如字模、 唱片原模等）. 2 mass of rock, etc in which minerals, etc are found in the ground 母岩; 脉石; 基岩. 3 place where sth begins or develops 某物产生或成长之处; 发源地; 基质; 母体: * bacteria growing in a matrix of nutrients 生长在培养基中的细菌. 4 (mathematics 数) arrangement of numbers, symbols, etc in a grid, treated as a single quantity in mathematical operations 矩阵. =>illus 见插图. 5 (computing 计) group of circuit elements arranged to look like a lattice or grid 矩阵. 复合： `matrix printer (computing 计) printer that formsthe letter, number, etc to be printed from an arrangementof tiny dots 矩阵式打印机.

matron
[5meitrEn; 5metrEn] n 1 woman who manages the domestic affairs of a school, etc 女舍监; 女总管. 2 (formerly) woman in charge of the nurses in a hospital (now called a senior nursing officer) （旧时）护士长（现称senior nursing officer）. 3 middle-aged or elderly married woman, esp one with a dignified appearance （已婚的）中老年妇女（尤指仪表庄重者）. 派生： matronly adj like or suitable for a matron(3); sedate 似中老年妇女的; 适於中老年妇女的; 庄重的: a matronly manner 像老夫人的仪态. 复合： ,matron of `honour (esp US) married woman acting as a bride's attendant at a wedding （已婚的）女傧相, 伴娘.

matt, mat
(US also matte)[mAt; mAt] adj (of surfaces, eg paper, photographs) not shiny or glossy; dull （指纸张、 像片等）无光泽的, 粗面的: * Will this paint give a gloss or a matt finish? 这种颜料有无光泽? Cf 参看 gloss1 1.

matter
1[5mAtE(r); 5mAtl] n 1 [C] (a) affair, topic or situation being considered 事情; 问题; 情况: * the heart/core/crux/root of the matter 问题的中心[核心/要点/根源] * the matter in hand, under discussion, etc 手头上的、 讨论中的...事 * a matter I know little about 我几乎不知道的事 * `money matters 钱财问题 * I don't discuss private matters with my colleagues. 我不和同事谈私事. * We have several important matters to deal with at our next meeting. 下次会议我们有几件重要的事情要处理. * (ironic 反语) There's the small matter of the money you owe me. 有件小事, 你还欠我钱呢. (b) ~ of sth (to sb) situation, problem or result that arouses the specified emotion 引起某种情感的情况、 问题或结果: * matters of growing public concern 公众日益关切的事情 * This discussion is on a matter of considerable interest to me. 这次讨论的是对我很有关系的事. 2 [U] (a) physical substance in general (contrasted with mind or spirit) 物质（与精神相对）: * inert matter 无生命的物质 * to study the properties of matter 研究物质的特性. * The universe is composed of matter. 宇宙是由物质组成的. (b) substance, material or things of a specified kind （某类的）材料, 物品, 东西: * decaying vegetable matter 腐烂的植物 * waste matter, eg human excreta 废物（如人体排泄物） * reading matter, ie books, newspapers, etc 读物 * printed matter, ie forms, leaflets, etc 印刷品. 3 [U] (fml 文) ideas or topic of a book, speech, etc (contrasted with its language or style) （书、 讲话等的）思想, 主题（以别於其语言或文体）. 4 [U] discharge from the body; pus 身体排泄物; 脓. 5 (idm 习语) as a matter of fact (used for emphasis 用以加强语气) in reality; to tell the truth 事实上; 说真的; 其实: * I'm going there tomorrow, as a matter of fact. 说实话, 明天我要去那里. be no laughing matter => laughing:

matter1
* for `that matter (used to indicate that a second category, topic, etc is as relevant as the first 用以指出所说的两件事物中, 後说的与先说的性质一样): * Don't talk like that to your mother, or to anyone else for that matter. 不要跟你母亲那样说话, 其实跟谁也不要那样. in the matter of sth (dated fml 旧, 文) concerning sth 关於某事物: * I want to speak to her in the matter of my salary. 我想跟她谈谈我的薪水问题. it's all, only, etc a matter of `time (before...) this consequence is inevitable though it may not happen immediately 尽管不见得马上发生, 但一定会发生; 只是迟早的事: * It's simply a matter of time before the rebels are crushed. 把这些叛乱分子镇压下去只是迟早的事. let the matter `drop/`rest stop mentioning sth or trying to change it 不再提起或不再更动某事物: * She reluctantly agreed to let the matter drop. 她勉强同意这事到此为止. make matters `worse make an already difficult situation more difficult 将困难情况弄得更糟: * Her attempts to calm them down only made matters worse. 她设法使他们平静下来, 不想却适得其反. (as) a matter of `course (as) a regular habit or usual procedure （作为）理所当然的事; （按照）常规: * I check my in-tray every morning as a matter of course. 我照例每天早晨查看收文盘. (be) the matter (with sb/sth) (infml 口) the reason for unhappiness, pain, problems, etc (used esp in the expressions shown) （不幸、 痛苦、 问题等的）原因, 理由（尤用於以下示例）: * What's the matter with him? 他怎麽了? * Is anything the matter? 怎麽了? * There's nothing the matter with it. 这没有问题. a matter of `hours, `minutes, `days, etc; a matter of `pounds, `feet, `ounces, etc (a) not more than 不多於; 至多: * I'll be back in a matter of hours. 用不了几小时我就回来. * It's a matter of a few more miles, that's all. 最多再有几英里, 也不过如此.

matter2
(b) not less than 不少於; 至少: * It may be a matter of months before it's ready. 要准备好可能得数月时间. * You realize it'll be a matter of days (ie two days or more) before we get news? 你明白吗, 我们至少得两叁天後才能得到消息? a ,matter of ,life and `death issue that is crucial to survival, success, etc 生死攸关的事情; 成败关键: * Of course this must have priority it's a matter of life and death. 当然这一点必须优先考虑--这是成败的关键.a matter of o`pinion issue on which there is disagreement看法不同的问题: * `She's a fine singer.’ `That's a matter of opinion.’ ‘她是个好歌手.’‘见仁见智吧.’ (be) a matter of sth/doing sth situation, question or issue that depends on sth else 取决於某事的情况、 问题或事情: * Dealing with these problems is all a matter of experience. 处理这些问题全凭经验. * Success in business is simply a matter of knowing when to take a chance. 商业上的成功就在於把握时机. mind over matter => mind1. no matter; be/make no matter (to sb) (that/whether...) be of no importance (to sb) （对某人）无关紧要: * `I can't do it.’ `No matter, I'll do it myself.’ ‘我做不了.’‘没关系, 我自己干吧.’ * It's no matter to me whether you arrive early or late. 你来早来晚我都无所谓. no matter who, what, where, etc whoever, whatever, wherever, etc 无论谁、 什麽、 何处等: * Don't open the door, no matter who comes. 不管谁来都别开门. * Don't trust him, no matter what he says. 无论他说什麽, 都别相信. not mince matters/words => mince. take matters into one's own hands take action oneself rather than waiting for others to act 亲自采取行动; 主动处理. 复合： ,matter-of-`fact adj showing no emotion or imagination 据实的; 不动感情的; 不加想像的: She told us the news in a very ,matter-of-fact `way. 她把那消息平铺直叙地告诉了我们.

matting
[5mAtiN; 5mAtiN] n [U] rough woven material used for making mats or for packing goods （用以制席、 垫或货物包装衬垫的）粗糙编织物: * floors covered with coconut-matting 铺着椰衣垫的地板.

mattins
= matins.

mattock
[5mAtEk; 5mAtEk] n heavy tool with a long handle and a metal head, one end of which is sharp and the other blunt, used for breaking up soil, cutting roots, etc 鹤嘴锄.

mattress
[5mAtris; 5mAtris] n fabric case filled with soft or springy material (eg wool, hair, feathers, foam rubber, etc) and used for sleeping on 床垫. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xvi.

mature
1[mE'tjuE(r); - -'tuEr; mE'tur] adj 1 (a) fully grown or developed mentally or physically; having achieved one's full potential 充分发育的; （智力或体力）成熟的; 已具备全部潜力的: * a mature person, oak, starling 成熟的人、 橡树、 椋鸟 * a house with a mature garden, ie one where the plants, trees, etc are fully grown and well established 有花木繁茂的花园的住宅 *He's not mature enough to be given too much responsibility.他还不成熟, 不宜给他重任. (b) (of wine or cheese) having reached a stage where its flavour has fully developed （指葡萄酒或乾酪）成熟的. 2 (of thought, intentions, etc) careful and thorough （指想法、 意图等）深思熟虑的: * after mature consideration 经过审慎考虑. 3 (commerce 商) (of insurance policies, etc) due for payment （指保险单等）到期该付款的. 派生： maturely adv. maturity/mE'tjuErEti; - -'tuE-; mE'turEti] n [U] state of being mature 成熟; 到期: * reach maturity 到达成熟期.

maudlin
[5mC:dlin; 5mCdlin] adj foolishly or tearfully sentimental or self-pitying, esp when drunk 伤感的, 落泪的, 自怜的（尤指酒後）.

maul
[mC:l; mCl] v 1 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sb/sth (about) handle sb/sth roughly or brutally 粗野地对待某人[某物]: * (fig 比喻) Her novel has been badly mauled by the critics. 她的小说横遭评论家抨击. 2 [Tn] injure (a person or an animal) by tearing his or its flesh 伤害（人或动物）（撕裂其皮肉）: * He died after being mauled by a tiger. 他被老虎咬死了.

maulstick
[5mC:lstik; 5mCl7stik] (also mahlstick/ 5mB:lstIk; `mBl9stIk/) n stick held by a painter in one hand to support the other hand, which holds the brush 支腕杖（绘画时用一手持之以支撑握画笔之手）.

maunder
[5mC:ndE(r); 5mCndl] v [I, Ip] 1 ~ (on) talk in a rambling way 唠叨; 胡说: * The drunk sat there maundering (on) about his troubles. 那醉鬼坐在那里唠叨着自己的烦恼事. 2 ~ (about) move around listlessly or idly 闲荡; 徘徊: * Don't just maunder about: * do some work! 别光闲荡了, 做点正经事吧!

Maundy Thursday
[7mC:ndi 'WE:zdi; 5mCndi'WEzdi] the Thursday before Easter 濯足节; 圣星期四.

mausoleum
[7mC:sE'li:Em; 7mCsE'liEm] n large, finely built tomb （大而精致的）陵墓.

mauve
[mEuv; mov] adj, n (of a) pale purple colour 淡紫色（的）.

maverick
[5mAvErik; 5mAvrik] n 1 (US) unbranded calf 未打烙印的小牛. 2 person with independent or unorthodox views 持独立见解者; 持异议者: * Politically, she's a bit of a maverick. 在政治方面, 她有点自行其是.

maw
[mC:; mC] n (fml 文) animal's stomach or throat （动物的）胃, 咽喉: * (fig 比喻) swallowed up in the maw of battle 在一场战役中被吞噬.

mawkish
[5mC:kiF; 5mCkiF] adj sentimental in a feeble or sickly way 多愁善感的; 伤感的. > mawkishly adv. mawkishness n [U].

max
[mAks; mAks] abbr 缩写 = maximum: * temperature 60 max 最高温度60. Cf 参看 min 1.

maxim
[5mAksim; 5mAksim] n saying that expresses a general truth or rule of conduct, eg `Waste not, want not' 箴言, 格言（如不浪费, 不穷困）.

maximize, maximise
[5mAksimaiz; 5mAksE7maiz] v [Tn] 1 increase (sth) as much as possible 使（某事物）增至最大限度: * We must maximize profits. 我们必须尽量增加利润. 2 make the best use of (sth) 最大限度利用（某事物）: * maximize one's opportunities 充分利用机会. Cf 参看 minimize. > maximization, -isation[7mksimai'zeiFn; - -mi'z-; 7mAksEmi'zeFEn] n [U].

maximum
[5mAksimEm; 5mAksEmEm] n (pl maxima/ 5mAksImE; `mAksEmE/) (abbr 缩写 max) greatest amount, size, intensity, etc possible or recorded 最大的量、 体积、 强度等: * obtain 81 marks out of a maximum of 100 满分为100分而获得81分 * The July maximum (ie the highest temperature recorded in July) was 30C. 七月份的最高温度是30C. * This hall holds a maximum of seventy people. 这厅最多能容纳七十人. Cf 参看 minimum. 派生：maximal[5mAksiml; 5mAksEmEl] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] as great as can be achieved 能达到的最大的: * She obtained maximal benefit from the course. 她从该课程中获益极大. maximum adj [attrib 作定语] as high, great, intense, etc as possible 最高的; 最大的; 最强的: the maximum temperature, voltage, volume 最高温度、 最高电压、 最大体积 * The maximum load for this lorry is one ton. 这辆卡车最大载重量是一吨.

May
[mei; me] n [U, C] the fifth month of the year, next after April 五月: * the first of May 五月一日 * go on holiday in May 五月去度假. For the uses of May see the examples at April. 关於May的用法见April词条中的示例. 复合： `May Day 1st of May, celebrated as a spring festival and, in some countries, as a day for socialist and labour demonstrations 五朔节; 劳动节. Cf 参看 mayday. `May-beetle, `May-bug ns = cockchafer. `mayfly n short-lived insect that appears in May 蜉蝣. `maypole n decorated pole around which people dance on May Day 五月柱.

maybe
[5meibi:; 5mebi] adv 1 perhaps; possibly 也许; 可能; 大概: * Maybe he'll come, maybe he won't. 他也许来, 也许不来. * `Is that true?’ `Maybe, I'm not sure.’ ‘是真的吗?’‘可能, 我说不准.’ 2 (idm 习语) as soon as maybe => soon.

mayday
(also Mayday)[5meidei; 5me7de] n (radio 无) international distress signal, used by ships and aircraft （船和飞行器用的）国际无线电求救信号: * [attrib 作定语] a mayday call/signal 求救呼叫[信号]. Cf 参看 SOS.

mayhem
[5meihem; 5mehem] n [U] 1 violent disorder or confusion; havoc 大混乱; 大破坏: * There was absolute mayhem when the cow got into the village hall. 那牛闯进村会议厅, 造成一片混乱. 2 (dated 旧 or US) crime of maiming a person 伤人致残罪; 严重伤害罪: * commit mayhem 犯严重伤害罪.

mayn't
[5meiEnt; meEnt] contracted form 缩约式 may not => may2.

mayonnaise
[7meiE'neiz; - 'meiEneiz; 5meEnez] n [U] (a) thick creamy sauce made with egg-yolks, oil and vinegar, used esp on cold foods, eg salads 蛋黄酱（尤用於调制凉菜, 如色拉）. (b) dish made with this 美乃滋（用蛋黄酱调制的冷盘）: * Egg mayonnaise is made with mayonnaise and hard-boiled eggs. 鸡蛋美乃滋是用蛋黄酱和煮老的鸡蛋做成的.

mayor
[meE(r); - 'meiEr; 5mel] n head of the council of a city or borough, usu elected yearly 市长. 派生： mayoral[5meErEl; - 'meiE-; 5meErEl] adj [attrib 作定语] of a mayor or mayoress 市长的: * mayoral robes, duties 市长的礼服、 责任. mayoralty[5meErElti; - 'meiEr-; 5meErElti] n (period of) office of a mayor 市长职位; 市长任期. mayoress/meE'res; - 'meiErEs; 5meErEs] n 1 (also ,lady `mayor) woman holding the office of mayor 女市长. 2 mayor's wife or other woman helping a mayor or mayoress(1) to perform mayoral duties 市长夫人; 市长女助理.

maze
[meiz; mez] n (usu sing 通常作单数) 1 network of paths or hedges designed as a puzzle in which one must find one's way 迷宫; 迷魂阵: * We got lost in Hampton Court maze. 我们在汉普顿科特迷宫里迷了路. =>illus 见插图: * (fig 比喻) A maze of narrow alleys leads down to the sea. 迂回曲折的小径通往海边. 2 confused collection or complicated mass (of facts, etc) （事情等的）错综, 复杂: * finding one's way through the maze of rules and regulations 在纷繁的规则和条例中寻找出路. Cf 参看 labyrinth.

mazurka
[mE'zE:kE; mE'zEkE] n (piece of music for a) lively Polish dance for four or eight couples 马祖卡舞（轻快的波兰舞, 供四对或八对舞者共舞）; 马祖卡舞曲.

MB
[7em 'bi:; 7em 'bi] abbr 缩写 = Bachelor of Medicine 医学士: * have/be an MB 有医学士学位[为医学士] * Philip Watt MB, ChB 菲利普．瓦特医学士．外科学士.

MBA
[7em bi: 'ei; 7em bi 'e] abbr 缩写 = Master of Business Administration 工商管理学硕士: * have/be an MBA 有工商管理学硕士学位[为工商管理学硕士] * Marion Strachan MBA 马里恩．斯特罗恩工商管理学硕士.

MBE
[7em bi: 'i:; 5em bi 'i] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Member (of the Order) of the British Empire （第五等的）大英帝国最高勋爵; 英帝国员佐勋章: * be made an MBE 受封（第五等的）大英帝国最高勋爵位 * William Godfrey MBE （第五等的）大英帝国最高勋爵士威廉．戈弗雷. Cf 参看 CBE, DBE, KBE.

MC
[7em 'si:; 7em 'si] abbr 缩写 = 1 master of ceremonies.Cf 参看 emcee. 2 (US) Member of Congress 国会议员: * Senator Karl B Kaufman (MC) 卡尔．B．考夫曼参议员. 3 (Brit) Military Cross 军功十字勋章: * be awarded the/an MC for bravery 因勇敢而获军功十字勋章.

MCC
[7em si: 'si:; 7em si 'si] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) MaryleboneCricket Club (the governing body of English cricket) 玛丽勒本板球俱乐部（英国板球运动权威组织）.

McCarthyism
[mE'ka:WiizEm; mE'karWiizm] n [U] 1 (after US Senator J R McCarthy) policy of accusing people, esp in Government departments, of being Communists in order to remove them from their positions 麦卡锡主义. 2 any similar policy of pursuing people with Communist or unorthodox views; witch- hunt （对亲共者或持异见者的）政治迫害.

McCoy
=> the real McCoy (real1).

MCP
[7em si: 'pi:; 7em si 'pi] abbr 缩写 = (infml 口) male chauvinist pig 可鄙的大男子主义者.

MD
[7em 'di:; 7em 'di] abbr 缩写 = 1 Doctor of Medicine(Latin Medicinae Doctor) 医学博士（源自拉丁文MedicinaeDoctor）: * be an MD 为医学博士 * D. W. Walker MDD.W. 沃克医学博士. 2 (infml 口) Managing Director: * the MD's office 总经理办公室. 3 mentally deficient 心理不健全的.

MDT
[7em di: 'ti:; 7em di 'ti] abbr 缩写 = (US) Mountain Daylight Time 山区夏令时间. Cf 参看 MST.

me
1[mi:; mi] 见词条使用详细说明6.2. pers pron 人称代词 (used as the object of a v or of a prep; also used independently or after be 用作动词或介词的宾语, 也可独立使用或用於动词be之後) person who is the speaker or writer 我: * Don't hit me. 别打我. * Give it to me. 给我. * Hello, it's me. 喂, 是我呀. * `Who's there?’ `Only me.’ ‘谁在那儿?’‘只有我.’ Cf 参看 I2.

mead
1[mi:d; mid] n [U] alcoholic drink made from fermented honey and water 蜂蜜酒.

meadow
[5medEu; 5medo] n [C, U] (area or field of) grassland, esp used for growing hay; (area of) low, often boggy, land near a river 草地; （尤指）牧场; （河边的）低洼地: * cattle grazing in the meadows 在牧场上吃草的牛群 * 20 acres of meadow 20英亩草地. 复合： `meadow lark type of N American songbird 草地鹨（北美产）.

meagre
(US meager)[5mi:gE(r); 5migl] adj 1 small in quantity and poor in quality 少量的; 劣质的; 贫乏的; 不足的: * a meagre meal of bread and cheese 只有面包和奶酪的一餐 * her meagre contribution to our funds 她给我们基金的微薄捐款 * Our appeal for help met with a meagre response. 我们求助的呼吁反应冷淡. 2 thin; lacking in flesh 瘦的; 皮包骨的: * the meagre faces of the starving children 饥饿的儿童的瘦削的脸. > meagrely adv. meagreness n [U].

meal
1[mi:l; mil] n 1 occasion when food is eaten 餐; 饭食: * be present at all family meals 每顿饭都在家里吃 * breakfast, the first meal of the day 早饭, 一天的第一顿饭. 2 food eaten on such an occasion 一餐所吃的食物: * a meal of fish and chips 鱼和炸土豆条的一顿饭 * eat a big meal, ie a lot of food for one meal 饱餐一顿. 3 (idm 习语) make a `meal of sth (infml 口) give sth more attention, effort, etc than it deserves or needs 对某事做得太过分: * She always makes such a meal of it I could do it in half the time! 她总是过於认真--要让我做, 一半时间就够了! a square meal => square1. 复合： ,meals-on-`wheels n [pl] (Brit) service, usu provided by a women's voluntary organization, by which meals are taken by car to old or sick people in their own homes 送饭到户服务（通常为妇女自愿组织为老弱病残者提供的服务）. `meal-ticket n 1 (US) = luncheon voucher (luncheon).2 (infml fig 口, 比喻 ) person, position, etc that provides a basic income 供给基本收入的人、 职位等: His rich wife is his meal ticket. 他靠他有钱的太太生活. `mealtime n time at which a meal is usu eaten 进餐时间.

mealie
[5mi:li; 5mili] n (S African 南非) 1 mealies [pl] maize 玉米; 玉蜀黍. 2 [C] ear of maize 玉米穗.

mealy
mouthed

meander
[mi'AndE(r); mi'Andl] v 1 [I] (of a river, etc) follow a winding course, flowing slowly （指河流等）蜿蜒缓慢流动. 2 [I, Ipr, Ip] (a) (of a person) wander aimlesssly （指人）漫步, 闲逛, 徘徊: * meander through the park 从公园的一端漫步到另一端 * meander around/along 闲逛[信步]. (b) (fig 比喻) (of conversation) proceed in an aimless way; ramble （指谈话）漫谈, 闲聊: * The discussion meandered (on) for hours. 讨论会漫无边际地进行了几小时. 派生： meanderingly/mi'AndriNli; mi'AndriNli] adv. meanderings/mi'AndriNz; mi'AndriNz] n [pl] winding course; aimless wandering 迂回曲折的进程; 漫步; 闲逛; 徘徊.

meaning
[5mi:niN; 5miniN] n 1 [U, C] what is conveyed or signified; sense 意思; 意义; 含义: * You can't say that these sounds have no meaning. 不能说这些声音全无意义. * a word with many distinct meanings 有许多含义的词 * signals with certain fixed meanings 代表某些固定意义的信号. 2 [U] purpose; significance 目的; 重要性: * My life seems to have lost all meaning. 我的生活似乎已毫无目标. * a glance full of meaning 意味深长的一瞥. 派生： meaning adj full of meaning; significant 意味深长的; 有意义的: a meaning look, gesture, etc 意味深长的神态、 姿势等. meaningful[-fl; -fl] adj full of purpose; significant 有目的的; 有用意的; 有意义的: * a meaningful relationship, discussion, look 有用意的关系、 讨论、 表情. meaningfully[-fEli; -fli] adv. meaningless adj without sense or motive 无意义的; 无动机的: meaningless chatter 无聊的闲扯 * meaningless violence 无意义的暴力行为.

meant
pt, pp of mean1.

meantime
[5mi:ntaim; 5min7taim] adv meanwhile 其间;同时: * I continued working. Meantime, he went out shopping.我继续工作. 这期间他出去买东西. 派生： meantime n (idm 习语) in the `meantime meanwhile 在此期间; 与此同时: The next programme starts in five minutes: in the meantime, here's some music. 下一节目五分钟後开始, 现在先播放些音乐.

meanwhile
[5mi:nwail; - -hwail; 5min7hwail] adv in the time between two events; at the same time 其间; 同时: * She's due to arrive on Thursday. Meanwhile, what do we do? 她预定星期四到达. 这期间我们做什麽呢? * I went to college. Meanwhile, all my friends got well-paid jobs. 我上大学去了. 那时我的朋友全都找到了收入不错的工作.

measles
[5mi:zlz; 5mizlz] n [sing v] infectious disease, esp of children, with a fever and small red spots that cover the whole body 麻疹. Cf 参看 German measles (German).

measly
[5mi:zli; 5mizli] adj (infml derog 口, 贬) ridiculously small in size, amount or value （大小、 数量或价值）微不足道的: * He gave us measly little portions of cake. 他给了我们少得可怜的一点蛋糕. * What a measly birthday present! 多麽小气的生日礼物哇!

measure
1[5meVE(r); 5meVl] v 1 (a) [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (up) find the size, length, volume, etc of (sth) by comparing it with a standard unit 量度; 测量（某物）: * Can you measure accurately with this ruler? 用这把尺子能量得准吗? * First measure (it) up, then cut the timber to the correct length. 先把尺寸量好, 再把木材锯成所需长短. * measure the width of a door, the level of an electric current, the speed of a car 测量门的宽度、 电平、 汽车速度 * The tailor measured me (up) for a suit, ie measured my chest, arms, legs, etc. 裁缝给我量尺寸做衣服. (b) [Tn] (fig 比喻) assess (sth); gauge 估计, 估量（某事物）; 衡量; 判定: * It's hard to measure his ability when we haven't seen his work. 没有见过他的作品, 很难估计他的能力. 2 [In/pr] be (a certain size, length, volume, etc) 为（某体积、 长度、 容积等）: * The room measures 10 metres across. 这房间宽10米. 3 [Tn] carefully consider (sth) 仔细考虑（某事物）: * He's a man who measures his words. 他是个用词很讲究的人. * She failed to measure the effect of her actions on her family. 她未虑及其行为对家庭的影响. 4 [Tn.pr] ~ sth against/with sth/sb test sth through competition, conflict, etc （通过竞争、 冲突等）考验某事物, 较量: * measure one's strength against sb else 跟别人比力气 * You have to measure your determination with that of other people. 你得与其他人较量一下决心了. 5 (idm 习语) measure one's `length (joc 谑) fall flat on the ground 扑跌在地上. measure one's strength (with/against sb) compete with sb to see who is the stronger 与某人比强弱. 6 (phr v) measure sth off mark out a length or lengths of sth 量出某物若干长度: * She measured off two metres of cloth. 她量出两米的布. measure sth out give a measured quantity of sth 给予某量的某物: * measure out a dose of medicine 量出一剂药. measure up (to sth) reach the standard required or expected 达到或符合某标准:

measure1
* The discussions didn't measure up (to my expectations). 这些讨论有负（我的）期望. 派生： measurable[5meVErEbl; 5meVErEbl] adj 1 that can be measured 可量度的; 可测量的; 可衡量的. 2 noticeable; significant 明显的; 重大的: * There's been a measureable improvement in his work. 他的工作已有很大改进. measurably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv. measured adj 1 (of language) carefully considered （指语言）仔细斟酌的, 慎重的: measured words 斟酌过的词语. 2 slow and with a regular rhythm 缓慢而有节奏的: with a measured tread 以缓慢而匀称的步伐 * with measured steps 以整齐的步子. measureless adj that cannot be measured; limitless 无法测量的; 无可估量的; 无限的. measurement n 1 [U] measuring 量度; 测量; 衡量: the metric system of measurement 公制度量衡. 2 [C] width, length, etc found by measuring （量得的）宽度、 长度等: What is your waist measurement? 你的腰围是多少? * The measurements of the room are 20 feet by 15 feet. 这房间的面积是20英尺乘15英尺. * The width measurement is 80 cm. 宽为80厘米. 复合： `measuring-tape n = tape-measure (tape).

meat
[mi:t; mit] n 1 [U, C] flesh of animals, esp mammals rather than fish or birds, used as food （食用的）肉（尤指哺乳动物的肉）: * meat-eating animals 吃肉动物 * fresh meat, ie from a recently killed animal 鲜肉 * frozen meat, ie meat frozen to keep it in good condition 冻肉 * cooked meats 熟肉 * [attrib 作定语] a meat pie 肉饼 * a joint/slice of meat 一大块[一片]肉 * (joc 谑) a skinny boy without much meat on him 瘦得皮包骨的男孩儿. 2 [U] chief or important part (of sth) （某物之）主要或重要部分: * This chapter contains the meat of the writer's argument. 这一章包含着作者论证的主要部分. 3 [U] (arch 古) food in general （泛指）食物: * meat and `drink 饮食. 4 (idm 习语) meat and `drink to sb a source of great enjoyment to sb; what sb lives for 快乐的源泉; 生活的目的: * Scandal and gossip are meat and drink to him. 各种丑闻和流言蜚语是他最感兴趣的事. 派生： meaty adj (-ier, -iest) 1 (a) like meat 似肉的: a meaty smell, taste, etc 似肉的气味、 味道等. (b) full of meat 多肉的: a meaty pork chop 肉多的猪排骨 * a meaty steak pie 多肉的馅饼. 2 (fig 比喻) important; significant 重要的; 有意义的: a meaty book, discussion 很有意义的书、 讨论. 复合： `meatball n small ball of minced meat or sausage-meat 肉丸.

Mecca
[5mekE; 5mekE] n 1 city in Saudi Arabia, birthplaceof Muhammad and the spiritual centre of Islam 麦加（沙特阿拉伯城市, 穆罕默德诞生地, 伊斯兰教圣地）. 2 (also mecca) place that very many people wish to visit, esp people with a shared interest 许多人想参观的地方（尤指有共同爱好的人）: * This exhibition is a mecca for stamp collectors. 这个展览会是集邮者都想去的地方. * Stratford-on-Avon, the Mecca of tourists in Britain 埃文河畔斯特拉特福, 英国的观光胜地.

mechanic
[mi'kAnik; mE'kAnik] n worker skilled in using or repairing machines or tools 技工; 机修工: * a `car mechanic 汽车修理工.

mechanical
[mi'kAnikl; mE'kAnikl] adj 1 of, connectedwith, produced by or operated by a machine or machines 机械的; 用机械的; 机械制造的: * I have little mechanical knowledge, ie I know little about machines. 我对机械一窍不通. * mechanical power, transport, engineering 机械力、 运输、 工程学 * a mechanical device, toy, etc 机械装置、 玩具等. Cf 参看 manual. 2 (a) (of people) acting (as if) without thinking, in a machine-like way （指人）机械似的, 呆板的, 无思想的: * She was quite mechanical and unthinking in the way she ironed the shirts. 她熨衬衣时样子呆板, 不动脑筋. (b) (of actions) done (as if) without thought; automatic（指行为）无意识的, 机械的, 自动的: * a mechanical movement, gesture, response, etc 机械的动作、 姿势、 回答等. 派生： mechanically[-kli; -kli] adv in a mechanical way 机械地; 呆板地; 无意识地: * mechanically-operated equipment 机械操作的设备 * He performed the movements very mechanically. 他的动作非常呆板.

mechanism
[5mekEnizEm; 5mekE7nizEm] n 1 working parts of a machine, etc 机械装置: * a delicate watch mechanism 精细的手表机件 * the firing mechanism of a rifle 步枪的击发装置. 2 parts of an organism or system which work together （机体或装置的）结构, 构造: * the mechanisms of the body 身体的结构. 3 method or procedure for getting things done 手法; 技巧; 程序: * There are no mechanisms for transferring funds from one department to another. 基金无法从一部门转移至另一部门.

mechanistic
[7mekE'nistik; 7mekE'nistik] adj of the theory that all things in the universe are the result ofphysical and chemical processes 机械论的: * a mechanisticexplanation of the origin of life 对生命起源的机械论解释.

mechanize, mechanise
[5mekEnaiz; 5mekE7naiz] v [I, Tn] change (a process, factory, etc) so that it is run by machines rather than people, etc 使（过程、 工厂等）机械化: * We are mechanizing rapidly. 我们正在迅速机械化. * mechanize a factory, procedure 使工厂、 程序机械化 * highly mechanized industrial processes 高度机械化的工业生产过程 * mechanized forces 机械化部队 * a mechanized army unit, ie equipped with tanks, armoured cars, etc, rather than eg horses 机械化部队. > mechanization, -isation[7mekEnai'zeiFn; --ni'z-; 7mekEnE'zeFEn] n [U].

MEd
[7em 'ed; 7em 'ed] abbr 缩写 = Master of Education 教育学硕士: * have/be an MEd 有教育学硕士学位[为教育学硕士] * Janet White MEd 珍妮特．怀特教育学硕士.

medal
[5medl; 5medl] n flat piece of metal, usu shaped like a coin and stamped with words and a design, which commemorates an event etc, or is awarded to sb for bravery, sporting achievement, etc 纪念章; 奖章; 奖牌; 勋章: * present/award medals for long service 因长期服务授予奖章 * win a silver medal for shooting 赢得射击银牌. 派生： medallist (US medalist)[5medElist; 5medlist] n person who has been awarded a medal, eg for sporting achievement 奖牌获得者: * an Olympic gold medallist 奥林匹克金牌获得者.

medallion
[mi'dAliEn; mE'dAljEn] n (a) large medal 大纪念章; 大奖章; 大奖牌; 大勋章. (b) thing similar in shape, eg a piece of jewellery, design on a carpet, cut of meat, etc 类似大纪念章的东西（如珠宝上的装饰、 地毯上的花样、 切下的肉等）: * medallions of veal 切成大片的小牛肉.

meddle
[5medl; 5medl] v [I, Ipr] (derog 贬) (a) ~ (in sth) interfere (in sth that is not one's concern) 干预; 干涉; 管闲事: * You're always meddling. 你老是多管闲事. * Don't meddle in my affairs. 别干预我的事. (b) ~ (with sth) handle sth that one ought not to, or about which one has no specialized knowledge 乱动, 瞎弄（不应动的或不懂的事物）: * Who's been meddling with my papers? 谁翻乱了我的文件? * Don't meddle with the electrical wiring: * you're not an electrician. 别瞎动电线线路, 你又不是电工. 派生： meddler n person who meddles 干预者; 管闲事的人; 瞎摆弄的人. meddlesome[-sEm; -sEm] adj (fml 文) fond of or in the habit of meddling 好干预的; 爱管闲事的; 好瞎摆弄的: * Get rid of that meddlesome fool! 让那个爱管闲事的家伙走开!

media
[5mi:diE; 5midiE] n the media [pl] means of mass communication, eg TV, radio, newspapers 大众传播工具, 大众传播媒介（如电视、 电台、 报纸）: * a book that is often mentioned in the media 大众传播媒介常提到的书 * The media are to blame for starting the rumours. 出现这些谣言, 大众宣传工具难辞其咎. * [attrib 作定语] a media personality 新闻人物 * good media coverage of the event 对该事件及时而全面的新闻报道. =>Usage at data 用法见data.

mediaeval
= medieval.

medial
[5mi:diEl; 5midiEl] adj (fml 文) 1 situated in the middle 中间的; 中央的; 居中的: * occupy a medial position 居中间位置. 2 of average size （大小）适中的, 普通的, 一般的. > medially[-iEli; -iEli] adv.

median
[5mi:diEn; 5midiEn] adj (mathematics 数) situated in or passing through the middle 在中间的; 通过中点的: * a median point, line, value 中点、 中线、 中值. 派生： median n (mathematics 数) middle or average point, line, number, etc 中点; 中线; 中数.

mediate
[5mi:dieit; 5midi7et] v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (between sb and sb) act as a peacemaker or go-between for two or more people, groups, etc who disagree 调停; 调解; 斡旋: * mediate in an industrial dispute 调解一劳资纠纷 * mediate between two countries which are at war 在两交战国间斡旋. 2 [Tn] bring about (sth) by doing this 居间促成（某事）: * mediate a peace, settlement, etc 居间促成和平、 某事的解决等. 派生： mediation[7mi:di'eiFn; 7midi'eFEn] n [U]: * All offers of mediation were rejected. 所有调解的建议均遭拒绝. mediator n person, organization, etc that mediates 调解人; 调停人; 斡旋者; 仲裁组织.

medic
[5medik; 5medik] n (infml 口) medical student or doctor 医学院学生; 医生.

medical
[5medikl; 5medikl] adj 1 of the art of medicine; of curing disease 医学的; 医术的; 医疗的: * a medical student, school 医学院学生、 医学院 * medical skill, treatment, etc 医疗技术、 治疗 * a medical examination, ie to discover sb's state of health 体格检查 * a medical practitioner, ie a doctor 医生 * a medical certificate, ie one that states whether one is healthy or not 健康证书. 2 of treatment (of disease) that does not involve surgery 内科的: * The hospital has a medical ward and a surgical ward. 这医院有内科病房和外科病房. 派生： medical n (infml 口) thorough physical examination (eg before joining the army) 全面体格检查: have a medical 作全面体格检查. medically[-kli; -kli] adv: * medically sound 体格健康. 复合： medical orderly = orderly2.

medicament
[mE'dikEmEnt; mE'dikEmEnt] n (fml 文) substance used in or on the body to cure illness 药物; 药剂.

Medicare
[5medikeE(r); 5medi7ker] n [U] US governmentscheme providing medical care, esp for old people （美国的）医疗保障方案（尤为老人而设者）.

medicated
[5medikeitid; 5medi7ketid] adj containing a medicinal substance 含药物的; 药制的: * medicated shampoo, soap, gauze, etc 药制洗发剂、 药皂、 药制纱布. 派生： medication[7medi'keiFn; 7medi'keFEn] n 1 [U] adding or giving of medicinal substances 敷药; 施药;药物治疗: * need, prescribe, administer medication 需要、医嘱、 施行药物治疗. 2 [C] medicinal substance; medicine 药物; 药: * What is the best medication for this condition? 这种病用什麽药最好?

medicinal
[mE'disinl; mE'disnl] adj having healing properties; (used for) healing 有药性的; （用作）治疗的: * medicinal herbs 药草 * a medicinal preparation 药剂 * used for medicinal purposes 用於医治的.

medicine
[5medsn; - 'medisn; 5medEsn] n 1 [U] (art and science of the) prevention and cure of disease, esp by drugs, diet, etc, but sometimes including surgery also 医术; 医学: * study medicine at the university 在大学学医 * practise medicine 行医 * a Doctor of Medicine 医学博士 * ethical problems in medicine 医学中的道德问题. 2 [C, U] (type of) substance, esp one taken through the mouth, used in curing disease 药; （尤指）内服药: * Has nurse given you your medicine? 护士给你服过药了吗? * Don't take too much medicine. 药不要吃得太多. * cough medicine(s) 咳嗽药. 3 (idm 习语) some, a little, a taste, etc of one's own `medicine the same bad treatment one has given to others 受到报应: * The smaller boys badly wanted to give the bully a dose of his own medicine. 那些小男孩儿巴不得让那欺负人的坏蛋也尝点苦头. take one's `medicine (like a `man) (esp joc 尤作戏谑语) submit to punishment, sth unpleasant, etc (without complaining) 认罚, 忍受不快的事物（无怨言）: * He really hates shopping but he goes anyway, and takes his medicine like a man. 他实在讨厌买东西, 但还是硬着头皮去了. 复合： `medicine chest chest or box containing medicines, bandages, etc 药箱. `medicine-man n = witch-doctor (witch).

medico
[5medikEu; 5medi7ko] n (pl ~s) (infml 口) medical student or doctor 医学院学生; 医生.

medieval
(also mediaeval)[7medi'i:vl; - 7mi:d-, also mi'di:vl; 7midi'ivl] adj of the Middle Ages, about AD 1100-1400 中古的, 中世纪的（约公元1100-1400年）: * medieval history, literature, etc 中世纪的历史、 文学等 * The conditions were positively medieval, ie very primitive. 条件十分简陋.

mediocre
[7mi:di'EukE(r), also 7med-; 5midi7okl] adj not very good; second-rate 不太好的; 平庸的; 第二流的: * His films are mediocre. 他的电影平庸无奇. * a mediocre actor, display, meal 第二流的演员、 表演、 饭食. 派生： mediocrity[7mi:di'CkrEti, also 7med-; 7midi'akrEti] n 1 [U] quality of being mediocre 平庸; 第二流: * His plays are distinguished only by their stunning mediocrity. 他的戏剧与众不同之处就是平凡得出奇. 2 [C] person who is mediocre in ability, personal qualities, etc 平庸的人: * a government of mediocrities 庸才政府.

meditate
[5mediteit; 5medE7tet] v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (on/upon sth) think deeply, esp about spiritual matters 深思, 沉思, 冥想（尤指精神方面的问题）: * I meditate in order to relax. 我沉思冥想藉以松弛精神. * meditate on the sufferings of Christ 默想基督的苦难. 2 [Tn, Tg] (fml 文) plan (sth) in one's mind; consider 内心策画（某事）; 考虑: * meditate revenge, mischief, etc 策画复仇、 恶作剧等 * She is meditating leaving home. 她考虑要离开家. 派生： meditation[7medi'teiFn; 7medE'teFEn] n 1 [U] deep thought, esp about spiritual matters 深思, 沉思, 冥想（尤指精神方面的问题）: * religious meditation 宗教的默念. * Meditation is practised by some Eastern religions. 东方某些宗教行默念之道. 2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] ~ (on sth) (usu written) expression of deep thought （通常为书面的）沉思录: * meditations on the causes of society's evils 社会罪恶因由思考录. meditative[5meditEtiv; - -teit-; 5medE7tetiv] adj of meditation; engrossed in thought 深思的; 沉思的; 冥想的; 钠於思考的: * a meditative mood 沉思的心境 *You're very meditative today. 你今天思考得很深沉. meditatively adv.

Mediterranean
[7meditE'reiniEn; 7medEtE'reniEn] adj [attrib 作定语] of or similar to the Mediterranean Sea or the countries, etc bordering it （似）地中海的; （似）地中海沿岸国家的: * a Mediterranean(-type) climate 地中海（型）的气候.

medium
[5mi:diEm; 5midiEm] n (pl ~s or media/ 5mi:dIE; `midIE/) 1 (pl usu 复数通常作 media) means by which sth is expressed or communicated （表达或传播的）媒介, 方法, 手段: * Commercial television is an effective medium for advertising. 商业电视是有效的广告宣传工具. * She chose the medium of print (eg published a book) to make her ideas known. 她选择出版手段来表达思想. * The artist chose the medium of oil (ie used oil paints) for the portrait. 那画家选用油彩画肖像. * In this country English is the medium of instruction, ie all subjects are taught in English. 该国用英语教学. 2 (pl mediums) something that is in the middle between two extremes 中间物; 两极端间的居中者: * find the medium between severity and leniency 在宽严之间找一居中的尺度. 3 (pl usu 复数通常作 media) substance or surroundings in which sth exists or moves or is transmitted （某物赖以生存或活动或传播的）介质, 环境: * bacteria growing in a sugar medium 在糖基中生长的细菌 * Sound travels through the medium of air. 声音可通过空气介质传播. 4 (pl mediums) person who claims to be able to communicate with the spirits of the dead 通灵的人; 灵媒; 关亡人. =>Usage at data 用法见data. 5 (idm 习语) a/the happy medium => happy. 派生： medium adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] in the middle between two amounts, extremes, etc; average 中间的; 中等的; 平均的: a man of medium height 中等身材的男子 * a medium-sized firm 中等规模的商行 * clothes to be washed at medium temperature 需以适中温度洗涤的衣服. 复合： `medium wave (abbr 缩写 MW) (radio 无) radio wave with a length of between 100 and 1000 metres 中波（100至1000米之间）: [attrib 作定语] a medium-wave station, broadcast, etc 中波电台、 广播等.

medlar
[5medlE(r); 5medll] n (a) fruit like a small brown apple, eaten when it begins to decay 欧楂果（褐色的小果实, 宜於果实初腐时食用）. (b) tree on which this grows 欧楂树.

medley
[5medli; 5medli] n 1 piece of music made up of passages from other musical works 杂曲; 混成曲. 2 mixture of people or things of different kinds 混杂的人群或事物: * the medley of races in Hawaii 夏威夷各种族的大杂烩.

meek
[mi:k; mik] adj (-er, -est) humble and obedient; submissive 温顺的; 驯服的: * She's as meek as a lamb. 她像羔羊般温顺. > meekly adv: * He meekly did everything he was told to. 他事事惟命是听. meekness n [U].

meerschaum
[5miEFEm; 5mirFEm] n (also ,meerschaum`pipe) tobacco pipe with a bowl made of a type of white clay 海泡石烟斗.

meet
1[mi:t; mit] v (pt, pp met/met; met] ) 1 (a) [I, Ip, Tn] come face to face with (sb); come together 遇见, 碰见（某人）; 相遇; 相逢: * Goodbye till we meet again. 再见. * We write regularly but seldom meet (up), ie see each other. 我们常写信, 但很少见面. * We met (each other) quite by chance. 我们（彼此）相遇纯属偶然. * I met her in the street. 我在街上遇见了她. * (fig 比喻) A terrible scene met their eyes as they entered the room. 他们一进屋, 迎面所见是一幅可怕的景象. (b) [I] come together formally for discussion, etc 开会: * The Cabinet meets regularly. 内阁定期开会. * The Debating Society meets on Fridays. 辩论社团每星期五举行例会. (c) [Tn no passive 不用於被动语态] (fig 比喻) experience (sth unpleasant); encounter 经历（不愉快的事）; 遭遇: * meet disaster, one's death, etc 遇难、 死亡 * meet a problem, difficulty, etc 遇到问题、 困难等. 2 [I, Tn no passive 不用於被动语态] make the acquaintance of (sb); be introduced to (sb) 结识（某人）; 被引见或介绍给（某人）: * I know Mrs Hill by sight, but we've never met. 我见希尔夫人面熟, 但并不相识. * He's an interesting man, would you like to meet him? 他这个人很有趣, 你想跟他认识吗? Meet my wife Susan, ie as an informal style of introduction. 这是我妻子苏珊. * Pleased to meet you. 认识你很高兴. 3 [Tn] go to a place and await the arrival of (a person, train, etc) 接（人、 火车等）: * Will you meet me at the station? 你到车站接我吗? * I'll meet your bus. 我到汽车站接你. * The hotel bus meets all the trains. 旅馆的汽车在火车站迎接各班车的旅客. 4 [I, Tn no passive 不用於被动语态] come together with (sb) as opponent(s) in a contest, etc 与（某人）比赛, 竞赛, 交锋: * The champion and the challenger meet next week. 下星期冠军将迎战挑战者. * City met United in the final last year, and City won. 去年决赛中, 市队与联队交锋, 市队获胜.

meet1
5 [I, Tn] come into contact with (sth); touch; join 接触（某事物）; 联结: * Their hands met. 他们的手相触. * His hand met hers. 他的手碰到了她的手. * The vertical line meets the horizontal one here. 垂直线与水平线在此相交. * These trousers won't meet (ie fasten) round my waist any more! 这裤子瘦得腰都系不上了! 6 [Tn] fulfil (a demand, etc); satisfy 满足（要求等）; 符合: * meet sb's wishes, conditions, needs, etc 满足某人的愿望、 条件、 需要等 * Can we meet all their objections? 他们提出的反对意见我们都能圆满解决吗? 7 [Tn] pay (sth) 支付, 偿付（某费用）: * meet all the expenses, bills, etc 偿付全部开支、 帐单等 * The cost will be met by the company. 费用由公司支付. 8 (idm 习语) find/meet one's match => match2. make ends meet => end1. meet the `case be adequate or satisfactory 适当; 令人满意: * This proposal of yours hardly meets the case. 你的这项提议不甚恰当. meet sb's `eye look into sb's eyes 与某人目光相遇: * She was afraid to meet my eye. 她怕与我目光相遇. meet the `eye/`ear be seen/heard 被看见[听见]: * All sorts of strange sounds met the ear. 听见了各种奇怪的声音. meet sb half-`way make a compromisewith sb 与某人妥协: * If you can drop your price a little, I'll meet you half-way. 你要是能减点价, 我就愿意再让一步. meet one's `Maker (esp joc 尤作戏谑语) die 死; 见上帝: * Poor Fred: * he's gone to meet his Maker. 可怜的弗雷德, 他已经去见上帝了. ,meet one's Water`loo lose a decisive contest （在比赛中）惨败. there is more in/to sb/sth than meets the eye sb/sth is more complex, interesting, etc than one might at first think 某人[某事物]比原想的复杂、 有趣等. 9 (phr v) meet up (with sb) meet (sb), esp by chance 偶遇（某人）: * I met up with him/We met up at the supermarket. 我们在超级市场偶然相遇. meet with sb (US) meet sb, esp for discussion 与某人会晤（尤指为商议事）:

meet2
* The President met with senior White House aides at breakfast. 早餐时总统会见了白宫的高级助手. meet with sth encounter sth; experience sth 遇到某事物; 经历某事物: * meet with obstacles, difficulties, misfortune 遇到障碍、 困难、 不幸 * She met/was met with much hostility, criticism, kindness, etc. 她受到敌视、 批评、 善待等.

meeting
[5mi:tiN; 5mitiN] n 1 coming together of people, esp for discussion 聚会; （尤指）开会: * We've had three meetings, and still we haven't reached agreement. 我们已经开过叁次会了, 还未取得一致意见. * The meeting between the two families was a joyful one. 这两家人的聚会十分愉快. 2 (a) assembly of people for a particular purpose 集会; 会议: * hold, conduct a meeting 召开、 主持会议 * a `prayer meeting 祈祷会 * a political meeting 政治集会 * a staff meeting 全体工作人员会议. (b) the people gathered together in this way 与会者: * Miss Smith will now address the meeting. 史密斯小姐现在向大会致词. 3 gathering of people for a sporting contest 运动会: * a `race-meeting 赛马大会 * an ath`letics meeting 体育运动会. Cf 参看 meet2. 4 (idm 习语) a meeting of `minds close understanding between people, esp as soon as they meet for the first time 彼此深刻理解（尤指初会即意见一致）. 复合： `meeting-house n building for meetings, esp those held by Quakers 聚会所（尤指基督教公谊会的）. `meeting-place n place arranged for a meeting 聚会处; 相会处; 会场.

mega-
comb form 构词成分 1 million 百万: `megabyte * `megacycle * `megawatt. 2 very large or great 巨大: `megaphone * a `megastar, ie a very famous person from films, etc 巨星（电影等的大明星）. =>App 11 见附录11.

megadeath
[5megEdeW; 5megE7deW] n death of one million people in nuclear war 核战争中一百万人的死亡.

megahertz
[5megEhE:ts; 5megE7hEts] (also megacycle[5megEsaikl; 5megE7saikl] ) n (abbr 缩写 MHz) one million hertz 兆赫.

megalith
[5megEliW; 5megE7liW] n large stone, esp one erected as (part of) a monument in ancient times 巨石（尤指古代作纪念碑用的）. 派生： megalithic[7megE'liWik; 7megE'liWik] adj 1 made of megaliths 用巨石建造的: * a megalithic circle, tomb, etc 巨石建造的圆形石林、 石墓等. 2 (of a period of the past, etc) marked by the use of megaliths （指古时）以使用巨石为特徵的: * the megalithic era 使用巨石的时代.

megalomania
[7megElE'meiniE; 7megElE'meniE] n [U]form of madness in which a person has an exaggerated view of his own importance, power, etc 夸大狂; 妄自尊大: * The dictator was suffering from megalomania. 那独裁者患有夸大狂. 派生： megalomaniac[-niAk; -ni7Ak] n (medical or fig 医或比喻) person suffering from megalomania 患夸大狂的人.

megaphone
[5megEfEun; 5megE7fon] n funnel-shaped device for speaking through, that allows the voice to be heard at a distance 扩音器; 传声筒; 喇叭筒.

megaton
[5megEtQn; 5megE7tQn] n explosive force equal to one million tons of TNT 百万吨级（相当於一百万吨黄色炸药的威力）: * [attrib 作定语] a one-megaton bomb 百万吨级炸弹.

meiosis
[mai'Eusis; mai'osis] n (pl meioses/mai'Eusi:z; mai'osis] ) 1 [C] (biology 生) process in which a cell divides into two new cells, each of these having half a set of chromosomes 减数分裂. 2 [U] = litotes.

melancholy
[5melENkCli; 5melEn7kali] n [U] (tendency towards) deep sadness which lasts for some time; depression 忧郁; 抑郁. 派生：melancholia[7melEN'kEuliE; 7melEn'koliE] n [U] (medical 医) mental disease marked by melancholy 忧郁症. melancholic[7melEN'kClik; 7melEn'kalik] adj (having a tendency to be) melancholy 忧郁的; 抑郁的: * have a melancholic nature 有忧郁的性情. melancholy adj (a) very sad; depressed 悲哀的; 沮丧的: a melancholy mood, person 悲伤的心情、 人. (b) causing sadness 使人忧郁的: melancholy news 令人悲伤的消息 * A funeral is a melancholy occasion. 葬仪是令人悲哀的场合.

melange
[5meila:nV; - mei'la:nV; me'lanV] n (French 法) mixture; medley 混合物; 混杂的人群或事物.

melanin
[5melEnin; 5melEnin] n (biology 生) dark pigment found in the skin, hair, etc of humans and animals （人和动物的皮肤、 毛发等上的）黑（色）素.

melee
[5melei; - mei'lei; me'le] n (French 法) confusedstruggle; confused crowd of people 混战; 乱斗; 混乱的群众: * There was a scuffle and I lost my hat in the melee. 因发生一场斗殴, 我的帽子也在混乱中丢失了.

mellifluous
[me'lifluEs; mE'lifluEs] (also mellifluent/ me5lIflUEnt; mE`lIflJEnt/) adj (of a voice, speech, music, etc) sweet-sounding; (almost) musical （指嗓音、 说话、 音乐等）甜美的, 动听的: * speak in mellifluous tones 用悦耳的声调说话. > mellifluence[-fluEns; -fluEns] n [U]. mellifluously, mellifluently advs.

mellow
[5melEu; 5melo] adj (-er, -est) 1 (a) fully ripe in flavour or taste 熟透的; 芳醇的: * mellow wine, fruit, etc 香醇的酒、 熟透的水果. (b) soft, pure and rich in colour or sound （颜色或声音）柔和的, 丰富的: * the mellow colours of the dawn sky 黎明时天空斑斓的色彩 * the mellow tones of a violin 小提琴柔曼的乐音. 2 (more) wise and sympathetic through age or experience (than previously) （因年龄或阅历而较前更）成熟的, 老练的: * a mellow attitude to life 对生活的成熟看法. 3 (infml 口) genial, cheerful, etc, esp as a result of being slightly drunk 欢乐的, 欢快的（尤因有酒意）: * I'd had two glasses of wine and I was feeling mellow. 我喝了两杯葡萄酒, 顿觉心旷神怡. 派生： mellow v [I, Tn] (cause sb/sth to) become mellow （使某人[某事物]）成熟: Wine mellows with age. 酒陈则味醇. * Age has mellowed his attitude to some things. 他随着年龄的增加, 对某些事情的看法已日趋成熟. mellowly adv. mellowness n [U].

melodrama
[5melEdra:mE; 5melE7dramE] n [U, C] 1 drama full of sensational events and exaggerated characters, often with a happy ending 情节剧（情节耸人听闻, 人物表现夸张, 结局多皆大欢喜）: * I love Victorian melodrama(s). 我喜爱维多利亚时代的情节剧. 2 (fig 比喻) events, behaviour, language, etc resembling (a) drama of this kind 情节剧式的事件、 行为、 语言等: * all the melodrama of a major murder trial 一重大谋杀案审判中的情节剧式的场面 * We really don't need all this ridiculous melodrama! 别跟我们来这套荒唐的情节剧表演! 派生： melodramatic[7melEdrE'mAtik; 7melEdrE'mAtik] adj of, like or suitable for (a) melodrama （似）情节剧的; 适於情节剧的: * a melodramatic outburst of temper 突如其来的大发雷霆. melodramatically[-kli; -kli] adv.

melody
[5melEdi; 5melEdi] n 1 [C] arrangement of words put to music; song or tune 曲调; 歌曲: * old Irish melodies 古老的爱尔兰歌曲. 2 [C] main part within a piece of harmonized music, usu more distinctly heard than the rest; theme 主调; 旋律; 主旋律: * The melody is next taken up by the flutes. 这主调接着由笛子合奏. 3 [U] arrangement of musical notes in an expressive order; tunefulness 美妙的音乐; 优美的音调: * There's not much melody in this piece, is there? 这首音乐不太悦耳吧? 派生： melodic/mi'lCdik; mE'ladik] adj of melody; melodious曲调的; 旋律的; 音调优美的. melodious/mi'lEudiEs; mE'lodiEs] adj of or producingpleasant music; tuneful 声调优美的; 产生美妙音乐的; 悦耳的: * a melodious cello 悦耳的大提琴 * the melodious notes of a thrush 婉转的尺鸣. melodiously adv. melodiousness n [U].

melon
[5melEn; 5melEn] n. =>illus at fruit 见fruit插图. (a) [C] large juicy round fruit of various types of plant that trail along the ground 瓜. (b) [U] flesh of this fruit, used as food 瓜肉: * Would you like some melon? 你要吃点瓜吗?

melt
[melt; melt] v 1 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become liquid through heating （使某物）融化: * The ice melted when the sun shone on it. 太阳照到冰上, 冰就融化了. * The hot sun soon melted the ice. 炎热的太阳很快就把冰融化了. * It is easy to melt butter. 黄油很容易化. 2 (a) [I] (fig 比喻) (of food) become soft; dissolve （指食物）变软; 溶解: * a sweet that melts on the tongue 在舌上溶化的糖果 * This cake melts in the mouth! 这种蛋糕到嘴里就软了! (b) [I, Tn] (of a solid in a liquid) dissolve; cause (a solid) to dissolve （指液体中的固体物）溶解; 使（固体物）溶解: * Sugar melts in hot tea. 糖放在热茶中就化了. * The hot coffee melts the sugar. 热咖啡能把糖溶化了. =>Usage at water1 用法见water1. 3 [I, Ipr, Tn] (fig 比喻) (cause sb, sb's feelings, etc to) soften because of pity, love, etc （使某人、 感情等）（因怜爱等）软化: * Her anger melted, ie disappeared. 她的怒气消了. * His heart melted with pity. 他因怜悯而心软了. * She melted into tears. 她心酸而落泪. * Pity melted her heart. 怜悯之情使她心软了. 4 (idm 习语) butter wouldn't melt in sb's mouth => butter. 5 (phr v) melt (sth) away (cause sth to) disappear by melting or dissolving （使某物）融化或溶解而消失: * The sun has melted the snow away. 太阳把雪融化掉了. * (fig 比喻) The crowd melted away when the storm broke. 暴风雨一来, 人群就散了. * All his support melted away when he really needed it. 在他真正需要支持时, 却得不到一丝半点. melt sth down melt (a metal object) to be used again as raw material 重新熔化（金属物）; 回炉: * Many of the gold ornaments were melted down to be made into coins. 很多黄金饰物回炉後铸成了金币. melt into sth (a) change by gradual degrees into sth else 逐渐改变成另物: * One colour melted into another, eg in the sky at sunset. 一种颜色逐渐变成了另一种颜色（如日落时的天空景色）.

melt1
(b) slowly disappear into sth 缓慢消失於某物中: * He melted into the thick fog. 他慢慢消失在浓雾中. * The ship melted into the darkness. 轮船逐渐隐没在黑暗中. 派生： melting adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (fig 比喻) causing feelings of love, pity, etc; tender 产生爱怜等感情的; 柔情的: a melting voice, mood, etc 令人感伤的声音、 情绪等. 复合： `meltdown n melting of the overheated core of a nuclear reactor, causing the escape of radioactivity 核反应堆核心遇热之熔毁（导致核辐射泄漏）. `melting-point n temperature at which a solid melts 熔点: Lead has a lower melting-point than iron. 铅的熔点比铁低. `melting-pot n 1 (usu sing 通常作单数) place where large numbers of immigrants from many different countries live together 大量多国移民聚居的地方: New York is a vast melting-pot of different nationalities. 纽约是不同国籍的人的聚居地. 2 be in/go into the `melting-pot be likely to change/be in the process of changing 要起变化[在改变中]: All our previous ideas are now in the melting-pot; our jobs are bound to change radically. 我们从前的一切观念都正在改变, 我们的工作肯定要有很大变动.

member
[5membE(r); 5membl] n 1 person belonging to a group, society, etc （社团等的）成员, 会员: * Every member of her family came to the wedding. 她家的人都来参加婚礼了. * an active, an honorary, a founding, etc member of the club 俱乐部的积极分子、 荣誉会员、 发起人等. 2 part of a larger structure 大结构的部分: * a steel supporting member 钢支架部分 * a cross-member, ie diagonally or horizontally positioned 横构件. 3 (fml 文) (a) part of a human or animal body; limb 人或动物身体的一部分; 肢体: * lose a vital member, such as an arm 失去一重要肢体, 如胳膊. (b) (euph 婉) male sexual organ; penis 男性生殖器; 阴茎. 4 Member Member of Parliament 议员: * the Member for Leeds North-East 利兹市东北区议员. 派生： membership n 1 [U] state of being a member of a group, society, etc （社团等的）会员身分, 资格: apply for membership of the association 申请加入该协会. 2 [Gp] (number of) members 会员（总称）; 会员人数: The membership numbers 800. 会员共有800名. * The membership is/are very annoyed at your suggestion. 会员们对你的建议甚为恼火. * a club with a large membership 有众多会员的俱乐部. 复合： ,Member of `Parliament (abbr 缩写 MP) elected representative in the House of Commons （下议院的）国会议员.

membrane
[5membrein; 5membren] n [C, U] (piece of) thin pliable skin-like tissue connecting, covering or lining parts of an animal or a vegetable body （动、 植物的）膜, 薄膜: * rupture a membrane 使薄膜破裂. 派生： membranous[5membrEnEs; 5membrEnEs] adj of or like a membrane 膜的; 膜状的.

memento
[mi'mentEu; mi'mento] n (pl ~s or ~es) thing given, bought, etc and kept as a reminder (of a person, a place or an event) 纪念品: * a little gift as a memento of a visit 作为访问纪念的小礼品.

memo
[5memEu; 5memo] n (pl ~s) (infml 口) memorandum(1b) 备忘录: * an inter-office memo 办公室间的内部备忘录 * [attrib 作定语] a memo pad 备忘录便笺.

memoir
[5memwa:(r); 5memwar] n 1 [C] written record of (esp important) events, usu based on personal knowledge 事件（尤指大事）的记录（通常据个人所知）: * She wrote a memoir of her stay in France. 她写了一篇旅法记事录. 2 memoirs [pl] person's written account of his life and experiences （个人生活与经历的）回忆录; 自传: * the memoirs of a retired politician 一个退休政治家的回忆录.

memorable
[5memErEbl; 5memErEbl] adj deserving to be remembered; easily remembered 值得纪念的; 容易记住的: * a memorable experience, concert, trip 难忘的经历、 音乐会、 旅行 * memorable verses by Keats 济慈的值得背诵的诗句. > memorably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv.

memorandum
[7memE'rAndEm; 7memE'rAndEm] n (pl -da[-dE; -dE] or ~s) 1 (a) note made for future use, esp to help oneself remember sth （备忘的）记录; 备忘录: * write a memorandum about sth 记下某事备忘. (b) ~ (to sb) informal written business communication 非正式的商业文件: * circulate a memorandum to all sales personnel 给全体销售人员传阅的商业简报. 2 (law 律) record of an agreement that has been reached but not yet formally drawn up and signed （已达成但尚未拟就及签字的）协议记录; 意向书.

memorial
[mE'mC:riEl; mE'mCriEl] n ~ (to sb/sth) monument, plaque, ceremony, etc that reminds people of an event or a person 纪念碑; 纪念章; 纪念仪式: * erect a war memorial 竖立战争纪念碑 * This statue is a memorial to a great statesman. 这尊雕像是纪念一位伟大的政治家的. * The church service was a memorial to the disaster victims. 该礼拜仪式是悼念这场灾难中的受害者. * [attrib 作定语] a memorial tablet, plaque, service 纪念牌匾、 纪念章、 纪念仪式. 复合： Me`morial Day holiday, usu at the end of May, observed in the US to commemorate troops who died in war （美国）阵亡将士纪念日（通常为五月底）.

memorize, memorise
[5memEraiz; 5memE7raiz] v [Tn] put (sth) into one's memory; learn (sth) well enough to remember it exactly 记住（某事物）; 记忆（某事物）（能确切复述）: * She can memorize facts very quickly. 她能很快记住许多资料. * An actor must be able to memorize his lines. 演员须善於熟记台词.

memory
[5memEri; 5memEri] n 1 (a) [U] power of the mind by which facts can be remembered 记忆力: * devices which aid memory 增强记忆力的装置. (b) [C] individual person's power to remember （个人的）记忆力, 记性: * He has a good/poor memory (for dates), ie remembers (them) easily/with difficulty. 他（对日期）的记忆力好[差]. * speak from memory, ie without referring to notes, etc 凭记忆说 * commit sth to memory, ie memorize it 记住某事 * paint from memory, ie without a model, photograph, etc 凭印象画 * I'm afraid the fact slipped my memory, ie I forgot it. 很抱歉, 此事我记不得了. 2 [U] period over which people's memory extends; recollection 记忆所及的时期; 能回忆到的范围: * This hasn't happened before within memory. 据记忆, 此事以前未发生过. 3 [C] thing, event, etc that is remembered 记忆的事物、 事件等: * happy memories of childhood 对童年愉快的回忆. 4 [U] what is remembered about sb after his death 对死者的记忆: * His memory will always remain with us, ie We will always remember him. 他永远留在我们的记忆中. 5 [C] (computing 计) part of a computer where information is stored 存储器. 6 (idm 习语) have a memory/mindlike a sieve => sieve. if memory serves if I remembercorrectly 如记忆无误. in memory of sb/to the memory of sb serving to remind people of sb, esp as a tribute 作为对某人的纪念; 纪念某人: * He founded the charity in memory of his late wife. 他兴办那项慈善事业以纪念他已故的妻子. jog sb's memory => jog. refresh one's/sb's memory => refresh. to the best of my memory => best3. within/in living memory => living1.

memsahib
[5memsa:b; 5mem7saib] n (used formerly in India to address or refer to a European woman 旧时印度人称呼欧洲女子的用语) madam; lady 小姐; 夫人; 太太.

menace
[5menEs; 5menEs] n 1 [U] threatening quality, tone, feeling, etc 威胁; 恐吓: * in a speech filled with menace 在充满恫吓言词的演说中 * a film that creates an atmosphere of menace 一部营造威吓气氛的影片. 2 [sing] (a) ~ (to sb/sth) person or thing that threatens 进行威胁的人或事物: * These weapons are a menace (to world peace). 这些武器就是（对世界和平的）威胁. (b) (infml or joc 口或谑) person or thing that is a nuisance, a danger, etc 讨厌的、 危险的...人或事物: * That woman is a menace! Keep her away from this machine! 那个女人真讨厌! 别让她靠近这部机器! * That low beam is a menace! I keep hitting my head on it. 那条低梁真危险! 老磕我的头. 派生： menace v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (with sth) threaten sb/sth; endanger sb/sth 威胁、 恐吓、 危及某人[某事物]: countries menaced by/with war 受战争威胁的国家 * Your vicious dog is menacing my cat! 你那条恶狗对我家的猫太凶了! menacingly adv in a threatening manner 威胁地; 恐吓地.

menage
[mei'na:V; me'naV] n (fml 文) household 家庭; 家务; 家政. 复合： menage a trois[7meina:V a: 'trwa:; menaV a 'trwa] (French 法) household consisting of a husband, a wife and the lover of one of them 叁角家庭（夫妇与其一之情人叁人同居）.

menagerie
[mi'nAdVEri; mE'nAdVEri] n collection of wild animals in captivity, esp in a travelling circus or for exhibition （笼中的）野兽（尤指马戏团的或作展览的）.

mend
[mend; mend] v 1 (a) [Tn] return (sth broken, worn out or torn) to good condition or working order; repair 修理, 修补（某物）: * mend shoes, a watch, a broken toy 修理鞋、 表、 破玩具. Cf 参看 fix1 4. (b) [Tn] make (sth) better; improve 改良（某事物）; 改善: * Mend your manners! ie Don't be so rude! 要讲礼貌! * That won't mend matters, ie improve the situation. 那於事无补. 2 [I] return to health; heal 恢复健康; 痊愈: * The injury is mending slowly. 这伤口在慢慢愈合. 3 (idm 习语) it's ,never too ,late to `mend (saying 谚) one can always improve one's habits, etc 改过不嫌迟. least said,soonest mended => say. mend one's `ways improve one's habits, way of living, etc 培养好习惯; 改进生活方式: * There's no sign of him mending his ways. 看不出他有改进生活方式的迹象. 派生： mend n 1 damaged or torn part of sth (esp clothing, etc) that has been mended 修补过的地方; （尤指衣物的）补丁: The mends were almost invisible. 修补过的地方几乎看不出来. 2 (idm 习语) on the `mend (infml 口) getting better after an illness, injury, etc 在康复中: She's been very unwell, but she's on the mend now. 她原来病得很重, 现在正在康复. mender n (usu in compounds 通常用以构成复合词) person who mends sth 修理者; 修补者: a `road-mender 修路工人 * a `watch-mender 钟表匠. mending n [U] 1 work of repairing (esp clothes) 修补; 补缀: do the mending 做修补工作. 2 clothes, etc to be mended 待补的衣物: a pile of mending 一摞待补的衣物.

mendacious
[men'deiFEs; men'deFEs] adj (fml 文) untruthful; lying 虚假的; 撒谎的: * a mendacious story, report, etc 虚构的故事、 报告等. 派生： mendaciously adv. mendacity/men'dAsEti; men'dAsEti] n (fml 文) 1 [U] untruthfulness 虚假. 2 [C] untrue statement; lie 谎言; 假话.

Mendelian
[men'di:liEn; men'diliEn] adj of the genetic theory of the biologist Mendel[5mendl; 5mendl] , 1822-1884 孟德尔（1822-1884年）遗传学说的.

mendicant
[5mendikEnt; 5mendikEnt] n, adj (fml 文) (person) getting a living by begging 乞丐; 行乞的: * mendicant friars 托 僧.

menfolk
[5menfEuk; 5men7fok] n [pl] (infml 口) men, esp the men of a family considered together 男人们（尤指家中的男性成员）: * The menfolk have all gone out fishing. 男人都出去打鱼了. Cf 参看 womenfolk.

menial
[5mi:niEl; 5miniEl] adj (usu derog 通常作贬义) (of work) suitable to be done by servants; unskilled （指工作）适合仆人做的; 非技术性的: * a menial task, job, etc 非技术性的任务、 工作等 * menial chores like dusting and washing up 擦桌子、 洗碗这类仆人做的杂务. 派生： menial n (fml usu derog 文, 通常作贬义) servant 仆人; 下人.

meningitis
[7menin'dVaitis; 7menin'dVaitis] n [U] inflammation of the membranes enclosing the brain and spinal cord 脑脊膜炎.

meniscus
[mE'niskEs; mE'niskEs] n (pl -ci[-'nisai;-'nisai] or -cuses[-kEsEz; -kEsEz] ) (physics 物) curved upper surface of a liquid in a tube （液柱的）弯月形面.

menopause
[5menEpC:z; 5menE7pCz] n the menopause[sing] time when a woman ceases to menstruate, usu around the age of 50 经绝期（女性更年期, 通常在50岁左右）: * reach the menopause 到达更年期. 派生： menopausal[7menE'pC:zl; 5menE7pCzl] adj (a) of the menopause 经绝期的. (b) experiencing the menopause处於经绝期的.

menses
[5mensi:z; 5mensiz] n the menses [pl] (fml or medical 文或医) monthly flow of blood, etc from the lining of the uterus 月经.

menstruate
[5menstrueit; 5menstru7et] v [I] discharge blood, etc from the uterus, usu once a month 行经; 月经来潮. 派生： menstrual[5menstruEl; 5menstruEl] adj of the menses or menstruation 月经的; 行经期的: * menstrual pain 月经痛. menstruation[7menstru'eiFn; 7menstru'eFEn] n [U] process or time of menstruating 行经; 月经来潮; 行经期.

mensuration
[7mensju'reiFn; 7mensju'reFEn] n [U] (dated or fml 旧或文) (a) mathematical rules for finding length, area and volume （长度、 面积、 体积的）测定法. (b) process of measuring 测量.

mental
[5mentl; 5mentl] adj 1 of, in or to the mind 精神的; 心理的; 智力的: * an enormous mental effort 巨大的精神力量 * a mental process, illness, deficiency 心理过程、 精神病、 智力缺陷 * This experience caused him much mental suffering. 这一经历给他的精神造成极大痛苦. * mental cruelty 精神虐待 * make a mental note of sth, ie fix sth in one's mind to be remembered later 把某事记在脑子里. 2 (infml derog 口, 贬) mad 疯的: * You must be mental to drive so fast! 你开得这麽快, 疯啦! 派生： mentally[5mentEli; 5mentli] adv in the mind; with regard to the mind 精神上; 心理上; 智力上: * mentally alert, aware, active, etc 精神上警惕的、 警觉的、 活跃的等 * mentally deficient/defective, ie medically subnormal in the power of the brain 智力缺陷的 * mentally deranged, ie mad 精神错乱的. 复合： `mental age level of sb's intellectual ability, expressed in terms of the average ability for a certain age 智力年龄; 心理年龄: She is sixteen years old but has a mental age of five. 她十六岁, 而智力年龄是五岁. ,mental a`rithmetic calculation(s) done in the mind, without writing down figures or using a calculator, etc 心算. `mental home, `mental hospital home/hospital for mental patients 精神病院. `mental patient person suffering from mental illness 精神病人.

mentality
[men'tAlEti; men'tAlEti] n 1 [C] characteristic attitude of mind; way of thinking 心态; 精神状态; 思想方法: * He has many years' experience of the criminal mentality. 他研究犯罪心理有多年经验. 2 [U] (fml 文) intellectual ability 智力; 智能: * a woman of poor mentality 智力低下的女子.

menthol
[5menWCl; 5menWal] n [U] solid white substanceobtained from oil of peppermint, used to relieve pain and as a flavouring, eg in cigarettes or toothpaste 薄荷醇; 薄荷樟脑: * [attrib 作定语] menthol cigarettes 薄荷香烟. 派生： mentholated[5menWEleitid; 5menWE7letid] adj containing menthol 含有薄荷醇的.

mention
[5menFn; 5menFEn] v [Tn, Tf, Tw, Tg, Cn.n/a, Dn.pr, Dpr.f, Dpr.w] ~ sth/sb (as sth); ~ sth/sb (to sb) 1 write or speak about sth/sb briefly; say the name of sth/sb; refer to sth/sb 写到、 说到或提到某事物[某人]: * Did she mention it (to the police)? 她（向警察）提过吗? * Did I hear my name mentioned? ie Was somebody talking about me? 有人提起过我吗? * He mentioned (to John) that he had seen you. 他（跟约翰）说他见过你. * Did she mention when she would arrive? 她说过她什麽时候到吗? * Whenever I mention playing football, he says he's too busy. 我一跟他提踢足球的事, 他就说太忙. * They mentioned you as a good source of information. 他们说你消息灵通. 2 (idm 习语) don't `mention it (used to indicate that thanks, an apology, etc are not necessary 用以表示不必道谢、 道歉等): * `You are so kind!’ `Don't mention it.’ ‘谢谢!’‘不用谢.’ mentioned in dispatches mentioned by name in the official report of a battle, etc because of one's bravery （因勇敢）在战报中受到表扬. not to mention (infml 口) as well as 更不用说; 更不必说: * He has a big house and an expensive car, not to mention a villa in France. 他有一所大房子和一辆昂贵汽车, 且不说在法国还有一座别墅了. 派生： mention n 1 [U] reference to sb/sth (in speech or writing) （口头或书面）提及某人[某事物]: He made no mention of your request. 他没有提到你的要求. * There was no mention of her contribution. 没提到她的贡献. 2 [C] (infml 口) act of mentioning; brief reference 提及; 简述: Did the concert get a mention in the paper? 报纸上报道这次音乐会了吗? -mentioned (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) referred to in the specified place 於某处提及的: a,bove-/be,low-`mentioned, ie mentioned before/after the current passage in a book, an article, etc 上述的[下述的].

mentor
[5mentC:(r); 5mentCr] n experienced and trusted adviser of an inexperienced person （无经验之人的）有经验可信赖的顾问.

menu
[5menju:; 5menju] n 1 list of dishes available at a restaurant or to be served at a meal 菜单: * What's on the menu tonight? 今晚的菜单上有什麽菜? * Fish has been taken off the menu. 菜单上已把鱼取消了. 2 (computing 计) list of options from which a user can choose, displayed on a computer screen （荧光屏上显示的）项目单, 选择单.

MEP
[7em i: 'pi:; 7em i 'pi] abbr 缩写 = Member of the European Parliament 欧洲议会议员.

mephistophelean
[7mefistE'fi:liEn; 7mefistE'filiEn] adj (fml 文) 1 of or like Mephistopheles[7mefi'stCfEli:z; 7mefE'stCfE7liz] (the devil in a German legend) （德国传说中的）魔鬼的. 2 devilish; evil 魔鬼般的; 邪恶的: * a mephistophelean plan, trick, etc 阴险的计画、 诡计等 * mephistophelean cunning 魔鬼般的奸诈.

mercantile
[5mE:kEntail; - -ti:l, -til; 5mEkEntil] adj of trade and commerce; of merchants 贸易的; 商业的; 商人的. 复合： ,mercantile ma`rine = merchant navy.

Mercator's projection
[mE7keitEz prE'dVekFn; mE'ketlz prE'dVekFEn] method of drawing maps of the world in which the globe is represented on a flat grid of squares formed by lines of latitude and longitude, making areas far from the equator exaggerated in size 墨卡托投影.

mercenary
[5mE:sinEri; - -neri; 5mEsn7eri] adj interested only in making money, etc; done from this motive 只为金钱的; 图利的: * a mercenary act, motive, etc 只为图利的艺术、 动机等 * His actions are entirely mercenary. 他的行为完全是为了钱. 派生： mercenary n soldier hired to fight in a foreign army （受雇於外国的）雇 兵.

mercerize, mercerise
[5mE:sEraiz; 5mEsE7raiz] v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] treat (cotton thread) so that it becomes stronger and glossy like silk 将（棉纱）作丝光处理: * mercerized cotton 丝光棉.

merchandise
[5mE:tFEndaiz; 5mEtFEn7daiz] n [U] goods bought and sold; goods for sale 商品; 货品: * the merchandise on display in the shop window 店 橱窗中陈列的商品. 派生： merchandise v [Tn] buy and sell (goods); promote sales of (goods) 买卖（商品）; 推销（商品）: The fabrics are merchandised through a network of dealers. 通过经销网点销售纺织品. * We merchandise our furniture by advertising in newspapers. 我们在报上登广告推销家具. merchandising n [U].

merchant
[5mE:tFEnt; 5mEtFEnt] n 1 (a) wholesale trader, esp one who trades with foreign countries 批发商; （尤指）外贸批发商: * an ,import-`export merchant 进出口批发商. (b) (in compounds 用以构成复合词) trader in the goods stated 经营某货物的商人: * a `coal-merchant 煤商 * a `wine-merchant 酒商. =>Usage at dealer 用法见dealer. 2 (derog sl 贬, 俚) person who is fond of a specified activity, etc （某活动等的）爱好者: * a `speed merchant, ie sb who likes to drive (too) fast 好开快车的人. 复合： ,merchant `bank bank that specializes in (often large) commercial loans and finance for industry 商业银行. ,merchant ma`rine, ,merchant `navy the merchant ships and seamen of a country collectively （一国的）商船及船员（总称）. ,merchant `seaman sailor in the merchant navy 商船船员. ,merchant `ship, ,merchant `shipping ship(s) used for transporting goods 商船.

merciful
=> mercy.

mercurial
[mE:'kjuriEl; mE'kjuriEl] adj 1 (a) (of people or their moods, etc) often changing （指人或情绪等）多变的, 无常的: * a mercurial temperament 喜怒无常的性情. (b) lively; quick-witted 活泼的; 机智的: * She has a mercurial turn of conversation. 她谈话善转话锋. 2 (fml or medical 文或医) of, like, containing or caused by mercury 汞的; （像）水银的; 含水银的; 水银引起的: * a mercurial ointment, compound, etc 含汞药膏、 汞化合物 * mercurial poisoning 汞中毒.

Mercury
[5mE:kjuri; 5mEkjEri] n (astronomy 天) the planet nearest to the sun 水星.

mercy
[5mE:si; 5mEsi] n 1 [U] kindness, forgiveness, restraint, etc shown to sb one has the right or power to punish 仁慈; 宽恕; 宽容: * They showed mercy to their enemies. 他们对敌人很仁慈. * We were given no/little mercy. 我们没有得到宽恕. * He threw himself on my mercy, ie begged me to show mercy. 他求我宽恕他. * a tyrant without mercy 无情的暴君. 2 [C usu sing 通常作单数] (infml 口) event to be grateful for; piece of good luck 恩惠; 幸运: * It's a mercy she wasn't hurt in the accident. 她在事故中未受伤, 真幸运. * His death was a mercy, eg He was in such pain that it was best that he died. 他的死是一种解脱（与其痛苦不如一死）. 3 (idm 习语) at the mercy of sb/sth in the power of sb/sth; under the control of sb/sth 任由某人[某事物]摆布或控制: * The ship was at the mercy of the storm, ie out of control or helpless. 那只船在暴风雨中失去控制. be grateful/thankful for small mercies => small. an errand of mercy => errand. leave sb/sth to the mercy/mercies of sb/sth => leave1. throw oneself on sb's mercy (fml 文) beg sb to treat one kindly or leniently 恳求某人善待或宽恕. 派生： merciful[-fl; -fEl] adj ~ (to/towards sb) having, showing or feeling mercy 仁慈的; 宽恕的; 宽容的: * She was merciful to the prisoners. 她对犯人很仁慈. * a merciful gesture, action, etc 宽厚的表示、 行为等. mercifully[-fEli; -fEli] adv 1 in a merciful way 仁慈地; 宽恕地; 宽容地: * treat sb mercifully 仁慈地对待某人. 2 (infml 口) fortunately 幸运地; 幸而: * The play was very bad, but mercifully it was also short! 那剧糟透了, 幸好还不算长! merciless adj ~ (to/towards sb) showing no mercy; pitiless 不仁慈的; 不宽恕的; 无怜悯心的: a merciless killer, beating 残忍的杀手、 殴打 * This judge is merciless towards anyone found guilty of murder. 这位法官对罪名成立的谋杀犯概不留情. mercilessly adv.

mercy1
mercy interj (dated 旧) (used to express surprise or (pretended) terror 用以表示惊讶或（故作的）惊恐): Mercy (on us)! What a noise! 天哪! 多吵闹哇! 复合： `mercy killing (infml 口) euthanasia 安乐死.

mere
1[miE(r); mir] adj [attrib 作定语] (no comparative form 无比较级) 1 nothing more than; no better or more important than 仅仅的; 只不过; 不超过: * She's a mere child. 她只不过是个孩子. * He's not a mere boxer: * he's world champion. 他不只是拳击手, 还是世界冠军呢. * Mere words (ie Words without acts) won't help. 光 说（不做）无济於事. 2 (idm 习语) the merest sth the smallest or most unimportant thing 最微小的或最不重要的事: * The merest noise is enough to wake him. 一丁点儿声音就足以把他吵醒. 派生： merely adv only; simply 仅; 只; 不过: I merely asked his name. 我只问了他的名字. * I meant it merely as a joke. 我原意只不过是开个玩笑.

meretricious
[7meri5triFEs; 7merE'triFEs] adj apparently attractive but in fact valueless 虚有其表的; 华丽而无价值的: * a meretricious style, book, argument 华而不实的文体、 言之无物的书、 迂阔之论. > meretriciously adv. meretriciousness n [U].

merge
[mE:dV; mEdV] v 1 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ (with/into sth); ~ (together); ~ A with B/~ A and B (together) (esp commerce 尤用於商业) (cause two things to) come together and combine （使两事物）合并: * The two marching columns moved closer and finally merged (together). 行进中的两路纵队越走越近, 终於合成一路. * Where does this stream merge into the Rhine? 这条小河在什麽地方和莱茵河合流? * The bank merged with its major rival. 该银行与其主要对手合并了. * We can merge our two small businesses (together) into one larger one. 我们可以把我们那两个小企业合并成一个大企业. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (into sth) fade or change gradually (into sth else) 逐渐消失或变成（另一种事物）: * One end is blue, one end is red, and the colours merge in the middle. 一端为蓝色, 一端为红色; 这两种颜色在中间混为一色. * Twilight merged into total darkness. 暮色四合, 渐而一片漆黑. 派生： merger[5mE:dVE(r); 5mEdVl] n [C, U] (act of) joining together (esp two commercial companies) 合并, 归并（尤指两公司）: * a merger between two breweries 两家酿酒厂的合并 * The two companies are considering merger as a possibility. 这两家公司在考虑合并的可能性. * [attrib 作定语] merger discussions 有关合并事宜的商议.

meridian
[mE'ridiEn; mE'ridiEn] n 1 imaginary circle round the earth, passing through (a given place and) the North and South Poles 子午线; 经线: * the Greenwich meridian, ie longitude 0, which passes through the North and South Poles and Greenwich, England 格林威治子午线. 2 highest point reached by the sun or other star, as viewed from a given point on the earth's surface 从地面观测太阳或其他星球到达的最高点.

meridiem
=> ante meridiem, post meridiem.

meridional
[mE'ridiEnl; mE'ridiEnl] adj of the south (esp the south of Europe) 南方的; （尤指）南欧的.

meringue
[mE'rAN; mE'rAN] n (a) [U] mixture of whites of egg and sugar baked until crisp and used as a covering over sweet pies, tarts, etc （蛋白与糖混合烤成的）酥皮, 饼皮. (b) [C] small cake made of this 蛋白酥皮小饼.

merino
[mE'ri:nEu; mE'rino] n (pl ~s) 1 [C] (also merino sheep) breed of sheep with long fine wool 美利奴绵羊. 2 [U] (a) yarn or cloth made from this wool 美利奴精纺毛纱或羊毛织物. (b) similar soft wool and cotton material 柔软的毛棉混纺料.

merit
[5merit; 5merit] n 1 [U] quality of deserving praise or reward; worth; excellence 值得称赞或奖励的品质; 价值; 长处; 优点: * a man/woman of merit 值得称赞的男子[女子] * There's no merit in giving away what you don't really want. 把自己不需要的东西送给别人, 这算不上善举. * I don't think there's much merit in the plan. 我认为该计画没什麽价值. * She was awarded a certificate of merit for her piano-playing. 她获钢琴演奏优秀奖状. * [attrib 作定语] a merit award 优秀奖. 2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] fact, action, quality, etc that deserves praise or reward 值得称赞或奖励的事情、 行为、 品质等: * The merits of the scheme are quite obvious. 该计画的可取之处是相当明显的. * consider, judge, etc sb/sth on his/its (own) merits, ie according to his/its own qualities, worth, etc, regardless of one's personal feelings 根据某人[某事物]（本身）的品质、 价值等来考虑、 判断...某人[某事物]. 派生： merit v [Tn] (fml 文) be worthy of (sth); deserve 应获得（某事物）; 值得: merit reward, praise, punishment, etc 应获得奖励、 称赞、 处罚等 * I think the suggestion merits consideration. 我认为这个建议值得考虑.

meritocracy
[7meri5tCkrEsi; 7meri5takrEsi] n (politics 政) 1 (a) [U] system of government by people of high achievement 英才管理（制度）. (b) [CGp] such people in a society （社会的）英才, 精英, 贤能. 2 [C] country with such a system of government 英才管理的国家: * Is Britain a meritocracy? 英国是英才管理的国家吗?

meritorious
[7meri5tC:riEs; 7merE'tCriEs] adj (fml 文) deserving praise or reward 值得称赞或奖励的; 有功绩的: * a prize for meritorious conduct 优秀行为奖. > meritoriously adv.

merlin
[5mE:lin; 5mElin] n type of small falcon 灰背隼.

mermaid
[5mE:meid; 5mE7med] n mythical creature having the body of a woman, but a fish's tail instead of legs （传说中的）美人鱼. 派生： merman[5mE:mAn; 5mE7mAn] n (pl -men[-men; -men] ) male mermaid （传说中的）雄性人鱼.

merry
[5meri; 5meri] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 (dated 旧) happy and cheerful; full of joy and gaiety 高兴的; 愉快的; 兴高 烈的: * a merry laugh, party, group 愉快的笑声、 聚会、 团体 * wish sb a merry Christmas 祝某人圣诞快乐. 2 (infml 口) slightly drunk 微醉的: * We were already merry after only two glasses of wine. 我们只喝了两杯葡萄酒就已有醉意了. 3 (arch 古) pleasant 令人愉快的; 令人快乐的: * the merry month of May 美好的五月 * Merry England 可爱的英格兰. 4 (idm 习语) make `merry (dated 旧) sing, laugh, feast, etc; celebrate 欢宴作乐; 庆祝; 行乐. 派生： merrily[5merEli; 5merEli] adv. merriment[5merimEnt; 5merimEnt] n [U] (fml 文) gaiety, laughter, celebration, etc 欢乐; 欢笑; 庆祝; 行乐. 复合： `merry-go-round n (Brit) (US carousel[7krE'sel; 7kArE'sel] ) = roundabout 2. `merry-maker n (dated 旧) person who celebrates (sth) 寻欢作乐者; 行乐者; 狂欢者. `merry-making n [U].

mesa
[5meisE; 5mesE] n (US) flat-topped hill with steep sides, common in south-western USA 平顶山（常见於美国西南部地区）.

mesalliance
[7mei'zAlia:ns; me'zAlians] n (French derog 法, 贬) marriage with sb of a lower social position 与地位低的人结婚.

mescaline
(also mescalin)[5meskElin; 5meskElin] n [U] hallucinatory drug obtained from a type of cactus 仙人球毒硷.

Mesdames
pl of madame.

Mesdemoiselles
pl of mademoiselle.

mesh
[meF; meF] n 1 (a) [C, U] (piece of) material made of a network of wire, thread, etc 网状物: * (a) wire mesh on the front of the chicken coop 鸡笼正面的铁丝网 * stockings made of fine silk mesh 细网眼长丝袜. (b) [C] any of the spaces in such material 网眼; 筛孔: * a net with half-inch meshes/with a half-inch mesh 有半英寸网孔的网. 2 [C esp pl 尤作复数] network, esp for trapping sth 网状结构; （尤指捕捉某物的）网: * a fish tangled in the mesh (es) of the net 卡在网眼上的一条鱼 * (fig 比喻) entangled in the meshes/a mesh of political intrigue 陷入政治阴谋的罗网. 3 (idm 习语) in mesh (of the teeth of gears) engaged; interlocked （指齿轮的齿）相啮合. 派生： mesh v [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) (a) (of toothed gears) engage; interlock (with others) （指齿轮）啮合: The cogs don't quite mesh. 这些轮齿啮合不严. (b) (fig 比喻) harmonize; be compatible; fit in 协调; 相配; 配合; 适应: Our future plans must mesh with existing practices. 我们未来的计画必须与当前的实践相合.

mesmerism
[5mezmErizEm; 5mezmE7rizEm] n [U] (dated 旧) hypnotism 催眠; 催眠术. 派生： mesmeric/mez'merik; mez'merik] adj hypnotic 催眠的; 催眠术的. mesmerist[5mezmErist; 5mezmE7rEst] n hypnotist 施催眠术者. mesmerize, -ise[5mezmEraiz; 5mezmE7raiz] v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] hold the attention of (sb) completely 吸引住（某人）: * an audience mesmerized by her voice 被她的声音迷住的听众.

mess
1[mes; mes] n 1 [C usu sing 通常作单数] dirty or untidy state 脏或乱的状态: * This kitchen's a mess! 这厨房太脏了! * The children have made an awful mess in the lounge. 孩子们把起居室弄得凌乱不堪. * The spilt milk made a terrible mess on the carpet. 牛奶 在地毯上弄得一塌糊涂. 2 [U] (infml euph 口, 婉) excrement of a dog, cat, etc （狗、 猫等的）粪便: * Who will clean up the cat's mess in the bedroom? 谁去清除卧室里的猫屎? 3 [sing] difficult or confused state or situation; disorder 困难或紊乱的状态或局面; 杂乱: * My life's (in) a real mess! 我的生活真是狼狈! * You've made a mess of the job, ie done it very badly. 你把工作搞得一团糟. * (ironic 反语) A nice/fine mess you've made of that! 你把那件事弄得真够瞧的! 4 [sing] person/people who is/are untidy or dirty 不整洁的人: * Get cleaned up! You're a mess!/You two are a mess! 收拾一下吧! 你多邋遢呀! [你们俩可真邋遢! ] 派生： mess v (infml 口) 1 [Tn] (US) put (sth) into an untidy, etc state 把（某事物）弄乱, 弄脏, 弄糟: Don't mess your hair! 别把你的头发弄乱! 2 (phr v) mess about/around (a) behave in a foolish or boisterous way 胡闹; 瞎闹: Stop messing about and come and help! 别闹了, 过来帮帮忙吧! (b) work in pleasant, casual, disorganized way; potter 轻松随意地工作; 逍遥自在地做事或闲荡: I love just messing about in the garden. 我就是喜欢在花园里瞎转. mess sb about/around; mess about/around with sb treat sb inconsiderately 轻率地对待某人: Be nicer to him. You shouldn't mess around with him like that. 对他好些, 你不该对他那麽随便. * Stop messing me about! Tell me if I've got the job or not! 别不把我当一回事! 告诉我, 这工作给没给我! mess sth about/around; mess about/around with sth handle sth roughly or incompetently; make a muddle of sth 处理某事物草率或无能; 搞乱某事物: Don't mess the files around, I've just put them in order. 别把档案弄乱了, 我刚整理好.

mess1
* Somebody's been messing about with the radio and now it doesn't work. 有人瞎摆弄收音机了, 现在不响了. mess sth up (a) make sth untidy, disordered or dirty 把某物弄乱或弄脏: Don't mess up my hair: I've just combed it. 别把我的头发弄乱, 我刚梳好. * Who messed up my clean kitchen? 谁把我乾净的厨房弄得这麽脏? (b) do sth incompetently; bungle sth 弄糟某事物; 胡乱做某事物: I was asked to organize the trip, but I messed it up. 大家要我组织这次旅游, 可是我把事情搞糟了. mess with sb/sth (infml 口) interfere with sb/sth 干预某人[某事]: Don't mess with her: she's got a violent temper. 别干预她的事, 她脾气很暴. messy adj (-ier, -iest) 1 in a state of disorder; dirty 凌乱的; 脏的: a messy kitchen 脏乱的厨房. 2 causing dirt or disorder 造成脏的或乱的状态的: a messy job 把环境弄脏乱的工作.

message
[5mesidV; 5mesidV] n 1 [C] information, news, request, etc sent to sb in writing, speech, by radio, etc （以书面、 口头、 无线电等形式向某人传送的）信息、 消息、 要求等: * We've had a message (to say) that your father is ill. 我们得到消息说你父亲病了. * The ship sent a radio message asking for help. 那船发出了无线电求救信号）. 2 [sing] statement (said to be) of political, moral or social significance made by a prophet, writer, book, etc （先知、 作家、 书等所作的政治、 道德、 社会方面的）预言, 启示, 教训: * a film with a message 有寓意的影片 * the prophet's message to the world 先知告诫世人的预言. 3 (idm 习语) get the `message (sl 俚) understand (what sb is hinting at, trying to say, etc) 明白, 理解, 领悟, 知悉（某人的暗示等）: * She said it was getting late: * I got the message, and left. 她说时间不早了; 我心领神会, 於是告辞.

messenger
[5mesindVE(r); 5mesndVl] n person carrying a message 送信者; 报信者; 通信员.

Messiah
[mi'saiE; mE'saiE] n 1 (also messiah) [C] person expected to come and save the world （人们盼望来拯救世界的）救星: * He believes in every new political messiah. 他对政治上每个新救星都深信不疑. 2 the Messiah [sing] (religion 宗) (a) Jesus Christ regarded as this saviour 耶稣基督（救世主）. (b) similar person expected by the Jews 弥赛亚（犹太人期待的救世主）.

Messieurs
pl of Monsieur.

Messrs
[5mesEz; 5meslz] abbr 缩写 (used as the pl of Mr (French Messieurs) before a list of men's names, eg Messrs Smith, Brown and Robinson, and before names of business firms, eg Messrs T Brown and Co 用作Mr的复数（源自法文Messieurs）, 置於一系列男子姓名之前, 如史密斯、 布朗、 鲁滨逊诸位先生, 或置於公司名之前, 如T).

messy
=> mess1.

Met
1[met; met] adj [attrib 作定语] (Brit infml 口) meteorological 气象学的; 气象的: * the `Met Office 气象局 * the latest Met report, ie weather report from the Meteorological Office 最新气象报告.

meta-
comb form 构词成分 1 above; beyond; behind 在上; 在外; 在後: metalanguage * metacarpal * metaphysics.2 of change 有关变化或改变的: metabolism * metamorphosis.

metabolism
[mE'tAbElizEm; mE'tAblizEm] n [U] (biology 生) chemical process by which food is built up into living matter in an organism or by which living matter is broken down into simpler substances 新陈代谢. 派生： metabolic[7metE'bClik; 7metE'balik] adj of metabolism 新陈代谢的: * a metabolic process, rate, etc 新陈代谢的过程、 速度等. metabolize, -ise/mE'tAbElaiz; mE'tAbEl7aiz] v [Tn] (biology 生) break down (food) chemically for use in the body 将（食物）分解（用於身体新陈代谢）: * Our bodies constantly metabolize the food we eat. 我们吃的食物在体内不停分解产生代谢变化.

metacarpus
[7metE'ka:pEs; 7metE'karpEs] n (anatomy 解) point of the hand containing the five bones between the wrist and the fingers 掌. 派生： metacarpal adj, n (anatomy 解) (of a) bone between the wrist and the fingers 掌骨（的）. =>illus at skeleton 见skeleton插图.

metal
[5metl; 5metl] n 1 [C, U] any of a class of mineral substances such as tin, iron, gold, copper, etc, which are usu opaque and good conductors of heat and electricity, or any alloy of these 金属: * Various metals are used to make the parts of this machine. 这部机器的零件是用多种金属制造的. * There isn't much metal in the bodywork of this new car; it's mainly plastic. 这辆新汽车的车身没用多少金属材料, 大部分是塑料的. * [attrib 作定语] a metal support, fitting, container 金属的支架、 配件、 容器. 2 = road metal (road). 3 metals [pl] railway-lines 钢轨; 铁轨: * These locomotives ran on Great Western Railway metals until 1940. 这些火车头在1940年以前一直在大西部铁路线上运行. 派生： metal v (-ll-; US -l-) [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (dated 旧) make or repair (a road) with broken stone 用碎石铺设或修补（道路）: This rough track will soon be a metalled road. 这条坑坑 的路不久就要铺上碎石了. metallic/mi'tAlik; mE7tAlik] adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] of or like metal （似）金属的: * a metallic plate, sheet, etc 金属板、 片等 * metallic paint, ie looking like metal 有金属光泽的涂料 * metallic sounds, clicks, etc, eg made (as if) by metal objects struck together 金属撞击（般）的声音、 禦嗒声等. 复合： `metalwork n [U] artistic or skilled work done using metal 金属工艺品; 金工制品. `metalworker n.

metalanguage
[5metElANgwidV; 5metE7lANgwidV] n [C, U] language or set of symbols used in talking about or describing another language, etc 元语言, 纯理语言（用以讲述或描述另一语言等的语言或一套符号）.

metallurgy
[mi'tAlEdVi; - 'metElE:rdVi; 5metl7EdVi] n [U] science of the properties of metals, their uses, methods of obtaining them from their ores, etc 冶金学. 派生： metallurgical[7metE'lE:dVikl; 7metl'EdVikl] adj of metallurgy 冶金学的; 冶金的. metallurgist/mi'tAlEdVist; - 'metElE:rdVist; 5metl7EdVist] n expert in metallurgy 冶金学家.

metamorphose
[7metE'mC:fEuz; 7metE'mCrfoz] v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sb/sth) (into sth) (fml 文) (cause sb/sth to) change in form or nature （使某人[某物]）变形, 变质: * A larva metamorphoses into a chrysalis and then into a butterfly. 幼虫变为蛹, 然後再变成蝴蝶. * The magician metamorphosed the frog into a prince. 魔术师把青蛙变成了王子. 派生： metamorphosis[7metE'mC:fEsis; 7metE'mCrfEsis] n (pl -oses[-Esi:z; -E7siz] ) (fml 文) change of form or nature, eg by natural growth or development 变形; 变态; 变质: * the metamorphosis of a larva into a butterfly从幼虫变成蝴蝶的过程 * (fig 比喻) the social metamorphosis that has occurred in China 中国发生的社会变化.

metaphor
[5metEfE(r); 5metEfl] n [C, U] (example of the) use of a word or phrase to indicate sth different from (though related in some way to) the literal meaning, as in `I'll make him eat his words' or `She has a heart of stone' 隐喻（如I'll make him eat his words或She has a heart of stone）: * striking originality in her use of metaphor 她在运用隐喻方面的独创性. Cf 参看 simile. 派生： metaphorical[7metE'fCrikl; - -'fC:r-; 7metE'fCrikl] adj of or like a metaphor; containing metaphors 隐喻的: * a metaphorical expression, phrase, etc 隐喻的说法、 短语等. Cf 参看 figurative, literal 1a. metaphorically[-kli; -kli] adv. Cf 参看 mixed metaphor (mixed).

metaphysics
[7metE'fiziks; 7metE'fiziks] n [sing v] 1 branch of philosophy dealing with the nature of existence, truth and knowledge 形而上学; 玄学. 2 (esp derog 尤作贬义) speculative philosophy; any type of abstract talk, writing, etc 思辨哲学; 抽象的言语、 文字等. 派生： metaphysical[7metE'fizikl; 7metE'fizikl] adj 1 of metaphysics 形而上学的. 2 (of poetry) using complex imagery (applied esp to certain 17th-century poets) （指诗）玄学派的（尤用以指17世纪某些诗人）.

metatarsus
[7metE'ta:sEs; 7metE'tarsEs] n (pl -tarsi[-tB:saI; -tBrsaI/) (anatomy 解) part of the foot containing the five bones between the ankle and the toes . > metatarsal adj. =>illus at skeleton 见skeleton插图.

mete
[mi:t; mit] v (phr v) mete sth out (to sb) (fml 文) give or administer (punishment, rewards, etc) 给予, 加以（惩罚、 奖励等）: * The judge meted out severe penalties. 法官对犯人予以严惩. * Justice was meted out to the offenders. 犯人均已绳之以法.

meteor
[5mi:tiC:(r); 5mitiCr] n small mass of matter that enters the earth's atmosphere from outer space, making a bright streak across the night sky as it is burnt up 流星. Cf 参看 shooting star (shoot1). 派生： meteoric[7mi:ti'Crik; - -'C:r-; 7miti'Crik] adj 1 of meteors 流星的. 2 (fig 比喻) (of a career, etc) rapidly successful （指事业等）迅速成功的: * a meteoric rise to fame 迅速成名. meteorically adv.

meteorite
[5mi:tiErait; 5mitiEr7ait] n piece of rock or metal that has reached the earth's surface from outer space 陨星; 陨石; 陨铁.

meteorology
[7mi:tiE'rClEdVi; 7mitiE'ralEdVi] n [U] scientific study of the earth's atmosphere and its changes, used esp for forecasting weather 气象学. 派生：meteorological/ 9mi:tIErE5lCdVIkl; ?@ 9mi:tIR:r-;9mitIRrE`lBdVIkl] adj of meteorology 气象学的; 气象的: * a meteorological chart, forecast, etc 气象图、 气象预报 * weather forecasts from the Central Meteorological Office 中央气象局发布的天气预报. meteorologist[7mi:tiE'rClEdVist; 7mitiE'rClEdVist] n expert in meteorology 气象学家.

meter
1[5mi:tE(r); 5mitl] n (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) device that measures the volume of gas, water, etc passing through it, time passing, electrical current, distance, etc 仪; 表; 计: * an ,elec`tricity meter 电表 * a `gas meter 煤气表 * a `water meter 水表 * anex`posure meter, ie for measuring how long a photographicfilm should be exposed （照相用的）曝光表 * a `parking-meter, ie one into which coins are put to pay for parking a car for a certain period of time 汽车停放收费表 * fares mounting up on the meter, ie of a taxi-cab 按计程仪计量的车费. 派生： meter v [Tn] measure (sth) with a meter 用仪表测量（某物）: meter sb's consumption of gas 计量某人的煤气用量.

methadone
[5meWEdEun; 5meWE7don] n [U] drug used as a substitute in treating heroin addiction and as a pain-killer 美沙酮, 美散痛（用以治疗海洛英瘾和用作镇痛剂）.

methane
[5mi:Wein; 5meWen] n [U] (also marsh gas) odourless, colourless, inflammable gas that occurs in coalmines and in marshes 甲烷; 沼气. Cf 参看 firedamp (fire1).

method
[5meWEd; 5meWEd] n 1 [C] way (of doing sth) 方法; 办法: * modern methods of teaching arithmetic 现代教算术的方法 * various methods of payment, eg cash, cheques, credit card 各种付款办法（如现款、 支票、 信用卡）. 2 [U] orderly arrangement, habits, etc 秩序; 条理; 规律: * We must get some method into our office filing. 我们必须把公文归档工作弄出些条理来. * He's a man of accuracy and strict method. 他是个精细而严谨的人. 3 (idm 习语) (have, etc) method in one's madness behaviour that is not as irrational, strange, etc as it seems 貌似疯狂而实有理智的行为. 派生： methodical/mi'WCdikl; mE'Wadikl] adj (a) done in an orderly, logical way 按秩序做的; 有条理的: * methodical work, study, etc 有条不紊的工作、 学习等. (b) (of a person) doing things in an orderly or systematic way （指人）做事有条理的: * a methodical worker, organizer, etc 办事有条不紊的工作者、 组织者等. methodically[-kli; -kli] adv. methodology[7meWE'dClEdVi; 7meWEd'alEdVi] n 1 [C] set of methods used (in doing sth) 一套方法: * a methodology for statistical analysis 统计分析法. 2[U] science or study of methods 方法学; 方法论. methodological[7meWEdE'lCdVikl; 7meWEdE'ladVikl] adj. methodologically[-kli; -kli] adv.

Methodism
[5meWEdizEm; 5meWEd7izEm] n [U] Protestantreligious denomination that originated in the teachings of John Wesley[5wezli; 5wezli] , 1703-1791 循道宗, 循道公会（创始人约翰．卫斯理1703-1791）. 派生： Methodist[5meWEdist; 5meWEdist] n, adj (member) of this denomination 循道宗信徒; 循道宗的. Cf 参看 Wesleyan.

meths
[meWs; meWs] n [U] (infml 口 esp Brit) = methylated spirits.

methyl alcohol
[7meWil 'AlkEhCl, also 7mi:Wail; 7meWEl 'AlkE7hCl] (also `wood spirit) type of alcohol present in many organic compounds 甲醇.

methylated spirits
[7meWEleitid 'spirits; 7meWE7letid'spirits] type of alcohol (made unfit for drinking) used as a fuel for lighting and heating 甲基化酒精（不适於饮用, 仅作燃料）.

meticulous
[mi'tikjulEs; mE'tikjElEs] adj ~ (in sth/doing sth) giving or showing great precision and care; very attentive to detail 极精细的; 极注意细节的: * a meticulous worker, researcher, etc 一丝不苟的工作者、 研究者等 * meticulous work 精细的工作 * She is meticulous in her presentation of facts. 她介绍事实十分详细. > meticulously adv. meticulousness n [U].

metier
[5metiei; me'tje] n (French 法) profession, trade or main area of activity, expertise, etc 职业; 行业; 专业: * Don't ask me how to make an omelette; cooking isn't my metier. 可别问我怎麽摊鸡蛋, 烹饪不是我的专长.

metre
1 (US meter)[5mi:tE(r); 5mitl] n (abbr 缩写 m) unit of length in the metric system, equal to 39.37 inches 米, 公尺（公制长度单位, 等於39.37英寸）. =>App 4, 5, 11 见附录4、 5、 11.

metric
[5metrik; 5metrik] adj 1 of or based on themetre1 （公制长度单位）米的, 以米为基础的: * metric measurement, dimensions, scale, etc 以米为单位的量度、 维数度、 刻度等. 2 made, measured, etc according to the metric system 公制的; 十进制的; 米制的: * These screws are metric, ie have been measured in fractions of a metre. 这些螺钉是公制的. * The petrol pumps have gone metric, ie measure petrol in litres. 汽油加油泵已采用公制了. 3 = metrical. 派生： metricate[5metrikeit; 5metri7ket] v [Tn] convert (sth) to the metric system 将（某物）改为公制: * The UK metricated its currency in 1971. 英国於1971年将货币改为十进制. metrication[7metri5keiFn; 7metri5keFEn] n [U]: * metrication of the currency 十进币制. 复合： the `metric system the decimal measuring system, using the metre, the kilogram and the litre as basic units 公制; 十进制; 米制. ,metric `ton 1000 kilograms; tonne 吨, 公吨（等於1000公斤）.

metrical
[5metrikl; 5metrikl] (also metric) adj of or composed in verse, not prose 韵律的; 有韵律的; 诗体的: * a metrical translation of the Iliad 《伊利亚特》故事的诗体翻译.

Metro
[5metrEu; 5metro] n the Metro underground railway system, esp in Paris 地下铁路（尤指巴黎的）: * [attrib 作定语] a Metro station, sign, train 地下铁路的车站、 标志、 列车. Cf 参看 tube, underground.

metronome
[5metrEnEum; 5metrE7nom] n (music 音) device, usu with an inverted pendulum that can move back and forward at various speeds, which is used by a musician to mark time 节拍器.

metropolis
[mE'trCpElis; mE'traplis] n (pl -lises) chief city of a region or country; capital 大城市; 首都; 首府: * a great metropolis like Tokyo 像东京一样的大城市 * working in the metropolis, ie, for British people, in London 在大城市工作（对英国人来说, 在伦敦）. 派生： metropolitan[7metrE'pClitEn; 7metrE'palEtn] adj of or in a large or capital city 大城市的; 首都的; 首府的: * the population of metropolitan New York, ie not including its suburbs 纽约市的人口（不包括郊区）. n 1 person who lives in a metropolis 大城市人. 2 Metropolitan (also metropolitan `bishop) bishop (usu an archbishop) having authority over the bishops in his province 都主教; 大主教. 复合： Metropolitan `France France itself, not including its colonies, etc 法国本土（不包括其殖民地等）. the Metropolitan Po`lice (also the Met) the London police force 伦敦警队.

mettle
[5metl; 5metl] n [U] 1 quality of endurance or courage, esp in people or horses 忍耐力, 勇气（尤指人或马的）: * a man of mettle 有勇气的人 * test sb's mettle 考验某人的耐力 * She showed her mettle by winning in spite of her handicap. 那匹雌马尽管增加了负重而仍能获胜, 可见很有耐力. 2 (idm 习语) be on one's `mettle; put sb on his `mettle be encouraged or forced to do one's best; encourage or force sb to do his best 奋发; 激励某人尽最大努力: * You'll be on your mettle during the training period. 你要在训练期间尽最大努力. * The next race will put him on his mettle. 下次赛跑他就要全力以赴了. 派生： mettlesome[-sEm; -sEm] adj (approv 褒) (usu of horses, etc) high-spirited; courageous （通常指马等）精力充沛的, 勇猛的.

mew
[mju:; mju] n cry characteristic of a (usu young) cat or a seabird 猫（通常指小猫）或海鸟的叫声: * We heard the mew of a cat. 我们听到猫叫声. 派生： mew v [I] make this sound 作猫或海鸟叫; 咪咪叫; 喵喵叫.

mezzanine
[5mezEni:n; 5mezE7nin] n 1 floor between the ground floor and the first floor of a building, often in the form of a balcony 夹楼层（介於一楼与二楼之间, 通常为阳台式）: * [attrib 作定语] a mezzanine floor, department, etc 夹层楼面、 在夹楼层上的部门. 2 (US) (first few rows of the) lowest balcony in a theatre （戏院的）最低层楼厅（前座）. Cf 参看 dress circle (dress1).

mezzo
[5metsEu; metso] adv (music 音) moderately; half 适度; 半: * mezzo forte, ie moderately loud(ly) 中强 * mezzo piano, ie moderately quiet(ly) 中弱. 派生： mezzo n (infml 口) mezzo-soprano 女中音. 复合： ,mezzo-so`prano n 1 (a) voice between soprano and contralto 女中音. (b) singer with such a voice 女中音歌手. 2 part in a piece of music for such a voice 乐曲中的女中害音部.

mezzotint
[5metsEutint; 5metsE7tint] n [C, U] (print produced by a) method of printing from a metal plate, parts of which are roughened to give darker areas, and parts of which are smoothed to give lighter areas 金属版印刷术; 金属版印刷品.

MF
[7em 'ef; 7em 'ef] abbr 缩写 = (radio 无) medium frequency.

mg
abbr 缩写 = milligram(s): 100 mg 100毫克.

Mgr
abbr 缩写 = Monsignor.

MHz
abbr 缩写 = megahertz.

mi
(also me)[mi:; mi] n (music 音) third note in the sol-fa scale 视唱音阶的第叁音.

MI5
[7em ai 'faiv; 7em ai 'faiv] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) (former name for the) National Security Division of Military Intelligence （旧名）英国安全局（陆军情报局5处）.

MI6
[7em ai 'siks; 7em ai 'siks] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) (former name for the) espionage department of Military Intelligence （旧名）英国秘密情报局（陆军情报局6处）.

miaow
[mi:'au; mi'au] n cry characteristic of a cat 喵（猫叫声）. 派生： miaow v [I] make this cry 作猫叫声; 作喵喵声.

miasma
[mi'AzmE; mi'AzmE] n (esp sing 尤作单数) (fml 文) 1 unhealthy or unpleasant mist, etc 瘴气: * A miasma rose from the marsh. 沼泽地里冒出了瘴气. 2 (fig 比喻) bad atmosphere or influence 坏的气氛或影响: * a miasma of despair 绝望的气氛.

mica
[5maikE; 5maikE] n [U] transparent mineral easily divided into thin layers, used as an electrical insulator, etc 云母.

mice
pl of mouse.

Michaelmas
[5miklmEs; 5miklmEs] n the festival of St Michael, 29 September 米迦勒节（9月29日）. 复合： ,Michaelmas `daisy perennial plant that flowers in autumn, with blue, white, pink or purple flowers 紫菀.

mick
[mik; mik] n (usu offensive 通常作轻蔑语) Irishman爱尔兰人.

mickey
[5miki; 5miki] n (idm 习语) take the mickey (out of sb) (infml 口) ridicule or tease sb 取笑或戏弄某人: * Stop taking the mickey (out of poor Susan)! 别取笑（可怜的苏珊）了!

micro
electronics

microbe
[5maikrEub; 5maikrob] n tiny organism that can only be seen under a microscope, esp one that causes disease or fermentation 微生物; （尤指）病菌, 酵母菌. Cf 参看 virus.

microbiology
[7maikrEubai'ClEdVi; 7maikrobai'alEdVi] n [U] study of micro-organisms 微生物学. 派生： microbiologist[-lEdVist; -lEdVist] n expert in microbiology 微生物学家.

microchip
[5maikrEutFip; 5maikrotFip] (also chip) n very small piece of silicon or similar material carrying a complex electrical circuit 微晶片（微型集成电路片）.

microcomputer
[7maikrEukEm'pju:tE(r); 7maikrokEm-'pjutl] n small domestic or business computer in which the central processor is a microprocessor 微型计算机. Cf 参看 mainframe (main1), minicomputer.

microcosm
[5maikrEukCzEm; 5maikrE7kazEm] n 1 thing or being regarded as representing the universe, or mankind, on a small scale; miniature representation (of a system, etc) 小天地; 小宇宙; 微观世界; 缩影: * Man is a microcosm of the whole of mankind. 人是全人类的缩影. * This town is a microcosm of our world. 这个市镇是我们这个世界的缩影. Cf 参看 macrocosm. 2 (idm 习语) in microcosm in miniature; on a small scale 以缩影的形式; 小规模: * This small island contains the whole of nature in microcosm. 这个小岛包含着小而完整的自然界.

microdot
[5maikrEudCt; 5maikrodat] n photograph, usu of secret documents, etc, reduced to the size of a dot 微粒照片（缩小至颗粒大小的照片, 通常为密件）.

microfiche
[5maikrEufi:F; 5maikrofiF] n [C, U] sheet of microfilm 缩微软片: * documents stored on microfiche 存储在缩微软片上的文件.

microfilm
[5maikrEufilm; 5maikrE7film] n [C, U] (piece of) film on which extremely small photographs are stored, esp of documents, printed matter, etc 缩微胶卷（用以保存文件、 印刷材料等）: * scientific papers on microfilm 在缩微胶卷上的科学文件. 派生： microfilm v [Tn] photograph (sth) using such film 用缩微胶卷拍摄（某物）: microfilm secret papers, bank accounts, etc 用缩微胶卷拍摄秘密文件、 银行帐目等.

microform
[5maikrEufC:m; 5maikro7fCrm] n [U] any or all of the forms in which documents, etc are reproduced in miniature, eg microfiche, microfilm, etc 缩微版本; 缩微资料.

microlight
[5maikrEulait; 5maikro7lait] n type of very light miniature aircraft 微型飞机.

micrometer
[mai'krCmitE(r); mai'kramEtl] n device for measuring very small objects, angles or distances 测微计; 千分尺.

micron
[5maikrCn; 5maikran] n one millionth of a metre; micrometre 微米（一百万分之一米）.

microphone
[5maikrEfEun; 5maikrE7fon] n instrument that changes sound waves into electrical current (used in recording or broadcasting speech, music, etc) 微音器; 传声器; 麦克风; 话筒.

microprocessor
[5maikrEuprEusesE(r); 5maikro'pro-sesl] n (computing 计) central data processing unit of a computer, contained on one or more microchips 微处理机.

microscope
[5maikrEskEup; 5maikrE7skop] n instrumentwith lenses for making very small objects appear larger 显微镜: * examine bacteria under a microscope 用显微镜检查细菌 * (fig 比喻) put politicians under the microscope, ie examine them closely 用显微镜观察政治家. =>illus 见插图. 派生： microscopic[7maikrE'skCpik; 7maikrE'skapik] , microscopical[-kl; -kl] adjs 1 too small to be seen without the help of a microscope 用显微镜方可见的; 极微小的: * a microscopic creature, particle 微生物、 微粒 * of microscopic size 用显微镜才能看见大小的. 2 of or using a microscope 显微镜的; 用显微镜的: * microscopic examination of traces of blood 用显微镜作血迹检查. microscopically[-kli; -kli] adv.

microwave
[5maikrEweiv; 5maikrE7wev] n 1 very short electromagnetic wave used esp in radio and radar, and also in cooking 微波. 2 (also ,microwave `oven) type of oven that cooks food very quickly using microwaves 微波炉: * [attrib 作定语] microwave cookery 微波烹饪术.

mid
[mid; mid] adj [attrib 作定语] the middle of 中间的; 中央的; 中部的: * from mid July to mid August 从七月中到八月中 * in mid winter 仲冬 * a collision in mid Channel/in mid air 在英吉利海峡中部[在半空中]相撞.

midday
[7mid'dei; 5mid7de] n [U] middle of the day; noon 正午; 中午: * finish work at midday 於正午完成任务 * [attrib 作定语] the ,midday `meal, ie lunch 午餐.

midden
[5midn; 5midn] n heap of dung or rubbish 粪堆; 垃圾堆.

middle
[5midl; 5midl] n 1 the middle [sing] point, position or part which is at an equal distance from two or more points, etc; point between the beginning and the end 中点; 中间; 中央; 中部: * the middle of the room 房间的中央 * in the middle of the century 在这世纪的中叶 * in the very middle of the night 子夜时分 * a pain in the middle of his back 他背部中央的疼痛 * They were in the middle of dinner (ie were having dinner) when I called. 我给他们打电话时, 他们正在吃饭. * I was right in the middle of reading it (ie was busy reading it) when she phoned. 她打电话来时, 我正念到半截. 2 [C] (infml 口) waist 腰: * seize sb round the/his middle 拦腰抱住某人 * fifty inches round the middle 腰围五十英寸. 3 (idm 习语) the middle of `nowhere (infml 口) somewhere very remote or isolated 偏远的某地: * She lives on a small farm in the middle of nowhere. 她住在一个偏僻的小农场上. pig in the middle => pig. 派生： middle adj [attrib 作定语] 1 (occupying a position) in the middle 在中间的; 居中的: the middle house of the three 叁所房子的居中者 * He wears a ring on his middle finger. 他中指上戴着指环. 2 (idm 习语) (take/follow) a middle `course (make) a compromise between two extreme courses of action （取）中间路线; （行）中庸之道. 复合： ,middle `age period between youth and old age 中年. ,middle-`aged[-eidVd; -'edVd] adj of middle age 中年的: * a ,middle-aged `man 中年男子. ,middle-age (d) `spread (infml 口) stoutness of the stomach that tends to come with middle age 中年发福. the ,Middle `Ages (in European history) period from about AD 1100 to about AD 1400 （欧洲史上的）中世纪（约自公元1100年至1400年）. `middle-brow n, adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (esp derog 尤作贬义) (person who is) only moderately intellectual 平庸之辈; 才智平凡的: middle-brow writers, books, music, interests 平凡的作家、 书籍、 音乐、 情趣. Cf 参看 highbrow, lowbrow.

middle1
,middle `C (music 音) note C situated near the middle of the piano keyboard 中央C（音）. ,middle `class social class between the lower/working and upper classes, including professional and business people 中产阶级: [attrib 作定语] a ,middle-class `neighbourhood 中产阶级居住区. ,middle-`distance adj [attrib 作定语] (a) (in athletics) of a running race which is between a sprint and a long-distance race in length, eg 800 or 1500 metres （田径赛的）中距离的（如800米或1500米）. (b) of a runner who takes part in such races 中距离参赛者的. the ,middle `distance that part of a landscape scene, painting, etc that is between the foreground and the background （前景与背景之间的）中景. ,middle `ear cavity of the central part of the ear, behind the eardrum 中耳: an infection of the middle ear 中耳炎. =>illus at ear 见ear插图. the ,Middle `East loosely, an area comprising Egypt, Iran and the countries between them 中东. ,middle `finger longest finger 中指. =>illus at hand 见hand插图. `middleman[-mn; -mAn] n (pl -men[-men; -men] ) 1 trader who passes goods from the producer to the finalbuyer 经销商: * She wants to buy direct from the manufacturer and cut out the middleman. 她想避开分销商直接自厂家买进货物. 2 intermediary; go-between 中间人; 信使; 调解人; 媒人: * He acted as a middleman in discussions between the two companies. 他在两公司的谈判中作中间人. ,middle `name 1 second of two given names, eg Bernard in George Bernard Shaw 某些人的名字与姓之间的另一名字（如George Bernard Shaw中的Bernard）. 2 (idm 习语) be sb's middle `name (infml 口) be sb's chief characteristic 为某人的主要特点: Charm is her middle name. 她突出之点就是很有风韵. ,middle-of-the-`road adj (of people, policies, etc) moderate; avoiding extremes （指人、 政策等）走中间路线的, 不走极端的: Her political beliefs are very middle-of-the-road. 她的政治信条是持中间立场.

middle2
* a middle-of-the-road taste in music 在音乐方面的大众趣味. `middle school (esp Brit) school for children aged between 9 and 13 years 中间学校（为9至13岁儿童而设的）. `middleweight n boxer weighing between 71 and 75 kg, next above welterweight 中量级拳击运动员. the Middle West = the Midwest (mid-).

middling
[5midliN; 5midliN] adj 1 of medium size, quality, etc （大小、 质量等方面）中等的, 普通的: * a man of middling height 中等身材的男子 * `Is it big or small?’ `Middling.’ ‘那个东西是大的还是小的?’‘是中等的.’ 2 [pred 作表语] in fairly good health 身体尚好: * He says he's only (feeling) middling today. 他说他今天（身体）还算好. 3 (idm 习语) fair to middling => fair.

midfield
[7mid'fi:ld; 5mid7fild] n middle part of a football, etc pitch; part of a pitch equally distant from the two goals （足球场等的）中场: * [attrib 作定语] a midfield player 中场队员. =>illus at Association football (association) 见Association football (association)插图.

midge
[midV; midV] n small winged insect like a gnat 摇蚊.

midget
[5midVit; 5midVit] n extremely small person 矮人; 侏儒. > midget adj [attrib 作定语] very small 极小的: * a midget submarine 小型潜艇.

midland
[5midlEnd; 5midlEnd] adj [attrib 作定语] of the middle part of the country （一国的）中部, 中部地区: * the midland region, economy, accent 中部地区、 中部地区的经济、 中部地区的口音. 派生： the Midlands n [sing or pl v] central inland counties of England 英格兰中部地区: [attrib 作定语] a Midlands firm 英格兰中部地区的商行. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, pages xiv, xv.

midnight
[5midnait; 5mid7nait] n [U] 1 12 o'clock at night 午夜; 子夜; 半夜12点钟: * at/before/after midnight 在午夜时分[前/後] * [attrib 作定语] a midnight visit, ie one made around midnight 半夜时的访问. 2 (idm 习语) burn the midnight oil => burn2. 复合： the midnight `sun sun seen at midnight in summer near the North and South Poles （南北极地夏季所见的）子夜太阳.

midriff
[5midrif; 5midrif] n 1 middle part of the human body, between the waist and the chest; belly 腹部; 肚子: * a punch in the midriff 对腹部的一拳. 2 (anatomy 解) diaphragm 膈.

midshipman
[5midFipmEn; 5mid7FipmEn] n (pl -men[-mEn; -mEn/) 1 (Brit) rank below that of sub-lieutenant in the Royal Navy 海军准少尉. 2 (US) student training to be an officer in the US Navy 海军学校学员. =>App 9 见附录9.

midships
[5midFips; 5mid7Fips] adv = amidships.

midst
[midst; midst] n (used after a prep 用於介词之後) middle part 中部; 中央; 中间: * in the midst of the crowd 在人群中间 * A fox darted out of the midst of the thicket. 一只狐狸从灌木丛中窜了出来. * There is a thief in our/your/their midst, ie among or with us, you, etc. 我们[你们/他们]中间有个小偷.

midstream
[7mid'stri:m; 5mid7strim] n [U] 1 part of a stream, river, etc half-way between its banks 中流: * There's a fast current in midstream. 中流的水很急. 2 (idm 习语) change/swap horses in midstream => horse. in midstream in the middle of an action, etc 在进行中: * The speaker stopped in midstream, coughed, then started up again. 演讲人中途停下来咳嗽, 然後又继续讲.

midsummer
[7mid'sQmE(r); 5mid'sQml] n [U] 1 the middle of summer, around 21 June 仲夏（6月21日前後）: * [attrib 作定语] a ,midsummer('s) `day 仲夏日. 2 (idm 习语) ,midsummer `madness very great madness or foolishness 极度的疯狂或愚蠢. 复合： ,Midsummer's `Day 24 June 施洗约翰节（6月24日）.

midway
[7mid'wei; 5mid7we] adj, adv ~ (between sth and sth) (situated) in the middle; half-way 居中（的）; 中途（的）: * The two villages are a mile apart, and my house lies midway between them. 两村相距一英里, 我家在中间.

midweek
[7mid'wi:k; 5mid'wik] n [U] middle of the week, ie Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday, but esp Wednesday 一星期的中间日子（即星期二、 叁、 四）; （尤指）星期叁: * Midweek is a good time to travel to avoid the crowds. 星期叁是避开人群去旅行的最佳时间. * [attrib 作定语] a ,midweek `holiday, `meeting 安排在一星期中间日子的假日、 会议. 派生： midweek adv in the middle of the week 在一星期的中间日子: meet, travel, call, etc midweek 在一星期的中间日子会面、 旅行、 通电话等.

midwife
[5midwaif; 5mid7waif] n (pl midwives[-waivz; -7waivz] ) person, esp a woman, trained to assist women in childbirth 助产士; 接生员; 产婆. 派生： midwifery[5midwifEri; - -waif-; 5mid7waifEri] n [U] profession and work of a midwife 助产士的职业; 助产学; 助产; 接生: * a course in midwifery 助产学课程.

midwinter
[7mid'wintE(r); 5mid'wintl] n [U] the middle of winter, around 21 December 仲冬（12月21日前後）: * [attrib 作定语] a ,midwinter('s) `night 仲冬之夜.

mien
[mi:n; min] n [sing] (fml or rhet 文或修辞) person's appearance or bearing, esp as an indication of mood, etc 仪表; 态度; 风采; 样子; 神态: * with a sorrowful mien 带着悲伤的神情 * a man of proud mien 骄矜的男子 * the severity of his/their mien 他[他们]那严肃的神态.

miffed
[mift; mift] adj (sl 俚) (slightly) annoyed （稍）恼怒的, 生气的: * She was (a bit) miffed that he'd forgotten her name. 他把她的名字忘了, 她（有点）生气了. * a miffed expression 不痛快的样子.

might
1[mait; mait] modal v (neg 否定式 might not, contracted form 缩约式 mightn't[5maitnt; 5maitnt] ) 1 (indicating permission 用以表示许可): * Might I make a suggestion? 我可以提个建议吗? * If I might just put in a word here... 容我在此略置一词.... =>Usage 1 at may1 见may1所附用法第1项. 2 (indicating possibility 表示可能): * He `might get here in time, but I can't be sure. 他可能及时来到这里, 不过我不能肯定. * This ointment might help to clear up your rash. 这种药膏也许能消除你的皮疹. * The pills might have cured him, if only he'd taken them regularly. 他要是按时服用这些药丸, 本来是可能治得好的. =>Usage 2 at may1 见may1所附用法第2项. 3 (asking for information 用於问讯情况): * And who might `she be? 那麽她能是哪一位呢? * How long might `that take? 那要多长时间? =>Usage 4 at may1 见may1所附用法第4项. 4 (used to make polite requests or appeals 用於婉转的请求或吁请): * You might just (ie Please) call in at the supermarket for me. 请顺便为我去一趟超级市场吧. * I think you might at least offer to help! 我认为你至少可以主动帮帮忙吧! =>Usage at would 用法见would.

mighty
[5maiti; 5maiti] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 (esp fml 尤作郑重语) powerful; strong 强大的; 有力的: * a mighty army, nation, ruler 强大的军队、 国家、 统治者 * (infml 口) She gave him a mighty thump. 她狠狠地揍了他一下. 2 great and imposing 伟大的; 威严的; 雄伟的: * mighty mountain peaks 巍鏨的山峰 * the mighty ocean 浩瀚的大海. 3 (idm 习语) high and mighty => high1. the pen is mightier than the sword => pen1. 派生： mighty adv (infml 口 esp US) very 极; 很: mighty good, clever, etc 极好、 极聪明 * He's mighty pleased with himself. 他洋洋得意. mightily[-ili; -ili] adv 1 (fml 文) powerfully; forcefully 强烈地; 有力地: * He struck it mightily with his sword. 他用剑猛刺. 2 very 极; 很: * mightily pleased, relieved, etc 极为高兴、 宽慰等.

migraine
[5mi:grein; - 'maigrein; 5maigren] n [U, C] severe recurring type of headache, usu on one side of the head or face, often accompanied by nausea and disturbance of the eyesight 偏头痛.

migrate
[mai'greit; - 'maigreit; 5maigret] (also transmigrate) v [I, Ipr] ~ (from...) (to...) 1 move from one place to go to live or work in another 迁居; 移居; 迁徙. 2 (of animals, etc) go from one place to another with the seasons, esp to spend the winter in a warmer place （指动物等）迁徙（尤指到暖处过冬）: * These birds migrate to North Africa in winter. 这些鸟冬天迁徙到北非. 派生： migrant[5maigrEnt; 5maigrEnt] n, adj [attrib 作定语] (of a) person or animal who migrates 迁徙的人或动物; 迁徙的; 移居的: * migrant workers, ie those who travel to another region or country to work 流动工人 * migrant seabirds 迁徙的海鸟. migration/mai'greiFn; mai'greFEn] n (a) (also transmigration) [C, U] (action of) migrating 迁居; 移居; 迁徙. (b) [C] number of migrating people, animals, etc 迁徙的人、 动物等的数量: * a huge migration of people into Europe 大量涌至欧洲的移民. migratory/ 5maIgrEtrI, maI5greItErI; ?@ 5maIgrEtR:rI;`maI^rE9tRrI] adj having or of the habit of migrating 有迁徙习惯的: * migratory birds 候鸟 * the migratory instinct 迁徙的本能.

mikado
[mi'ka:dEu; mE'kado] n (pl ~s) (name formerly used outside Japan for the) Emperor of Japan （旧时日本国外所称之）日本天皇.

mike
[maik; maik] n (infml 口) = microphone.

milage
= mileage.

milch
[miltF; miltF] adj [attrib 作定语] (dated 旧) (of domestic mammals, esp cows) giving or kept for milk （指家畜, 尤指母牛）产乳的, 为产奶而饲养的: * a milch cow, goat, etc 奶牛、 奶羊.

mild
[maild; maild] adj (-er, -est) 1 (a) (of a person or his manner) gentle; soft （指人或人的态度）温和的, 温柔的, 和善的: * He's the mildest man you could wish to meet. 他是最温和的人了. * She's a very mild-mannered person. 她是个很和善的人. * He gave a mild answer, in spite of his annoyance. 他尽管已恼火, 但回答得还是很和蔼. (b) not severe or harsh 不严厉的; 不严酷的: * mild weather, a mild climate, etc, ie not cold 温和的天气、 气候等 * a mild punishment 轻微的惩罚 * the mild action of the soap 这种肥皂的柔和的特性. 2 (of a flavour) not strong or bitter （指味道）淡的, 不强烈的: * mild cheese 淡味奶酪 * a mild cigar, curry 淡味的雪茄烟、 咖喱. 派生： mild n [U] (also mild ale) (Brit) type of beer not strongly flavoured with hops 淡味麦芽啤酒: two pints of mild 两品脱淡味麦芽啤酒. mildly adv 1 in a gentle manner 温和地; 温柔地; 和善地: She spoke mildly to us. 她很和蔼地向我们讲话. 2 (idm 习语) to put it `mildly without exaggerating; using understatement 不夸张; 说得婉转些: At 64", she's tall, to put it mildly, ie She's extremely tall. 她6英尺4英寸, 比较高, 说这话留有馀地（她高极了）. mildness n [U]. 复合： ,mild `steel tough malleable type of steel with a low percentage of carbon 软钢; 低碳钢.

mildew
[5mildju:; - -du:; 5mil7du] n [U] tiny fungus forming a (usu white) coating on plants, leather, food, etc in warm and damp conditions 霉; 霉菌: * roses ruined by mildew 霉烂的玫瑰. 派生： mildew v [I, Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (cause sth to) be affected by mildew （使某物）发霉: mildewed canvas, leaves, fruit 发霉的帆布、 叶子、 水果.

mile
[mail; mail] n 1 [C] unit of distance equal to 1.6 km 英里（等於1.6公里）: * For miles and miles there's nothing but desert. 绵延数英里除了沙漠别无他物. * a 39-mile journey 39英里的行程. =>App 4,5 见附录4、 5. Cf 参看 nautical mile (nautical). 2 [C esp pl 尤作复数] (infml 口) a great amount or distance; much 大量; 大距离; 很多: * She's feeling miles (ie very much) better today. 她今天身体好多了. * He's miles older than she is. 他年纪比她大得多. * There's no one within miles/a mile of her (ie No one can rival her) as a tennis-player. 她打网球远无敌手. * You missed the target by a mile/by miles. 你远未中的. 3 (esp 尤作 the mile) [sing] race over one mile 一英里赛跑: * Who's running in the mile? 谁参加一英里赛跑? * He can run a four-minute mile, ie run a mile in four minutes or less. 他能参加四分钟一英里赛（四分钟内跑一英里）. * [attrib 作定语] the world mile record 一英里赛跑世界记录. 4 (idm 习语) ,miles from `anywhere/`nowhere in a remote or isolated place, position, etc 偏远的或孤立的地方、 位置等. a miss isas good as a mile => miss1. run a mile (from sb/sth)be anxious or careful to avoid sb/sth 竭力或小心躲避某人[某事物]: * I'd sooner run a mile than be interviewed on television. 要让我接受电视采访, 我可要跑得远远的. see/tell sth a `mile off (infml 口) see/tell sth very easily 显而易见; 极易识别: * He's lying: * you can see that a mile off. 他在撒谎, 你一听就知道. stand/stick out a `mile be very striking or noticeable 极醒目; 极显眼: * Her honesty sticks out a mile. 她很诚实, 这是有目共睹的. * It stands out a mile that she's telling the truth. 她说的是实情, 这是明摆着的事. 复合： `milestone n 1 stone put at the side of a road showing distances in miles 里程碑. 2 (fig 比喻) very important stage or event 重大阶段或事件; 转折点: This victory was a milestone in our country's history. 这一胜利是我国历史的转捩点.

mileage
(also milage)[5mailidV; 5mailidV] n 1 [C, U] distance travelled, measured in miles 英里数: * a used car with a low/high mileage, ie one that has not/has been driven many miles 行驶里数少[多]的旧汽车. 2 [U] (also `mileage allowance) allowance paid for the expenses of travelling by (one's own) car （自用）汽车里数津贴: * Have you claimed your mileage? 你申请汽车里数津贴了吗? 3 [U] (fig infml 比喻, 口) (amount of) benefit or advantage 利润; 好处: * He doesn't think there's any mileage in that type of advertising. 他认为做那种广告毫无效益.

miler
[5mailE(r); 5maill] n (infml 口) person or horse specializing in races of one mile 擅长一英里赛跑的运动员或马: * He's our best miler. 他是我们最优秀的一英里赛跑健将.

milieu
[5mi:ljE:; - 7mi:'ljE:; mi'ljE] n (pl ~s or ~x[-z; -z/) (usu sing 通常作单数) social surroundings; environment 社会环境; 环境: * Coming from another milieu, she found life as an actor's wife very strange at first. 她嫁给一个演员後, 与自己原来的生活环境大不相同, 初时觉得这种生活十分陌生.

militant
[5militEnt; 5milEtEnt] adj using force or strong pressure, or supporting their use, to achieve one's aims 用武力或高压的; 好战的: * The strikers were in a militant mood, ie ready to take strong action. 罢工者群情激奋（随时准备采取激烈行动）. 派生： militancy[-Ensi; -Ensi] n [U]. militant n militant person, esp in trade unionism or politics 好斗的人; （尤指工会主义或政治上的）好斗分子, 激进分子.

militarism
[5militErizEm; 5milEtE7rizEm] n [U] (usu derog 通常作贬义) believing in or depending on military strength and methods, esp as a government policy 黩武主义; （尤指）军国主义. 派生： militarist[5militErist; 5milEtErist] n person who supports militarism 穷兵黩武者; 军国主义者. militaristic[7militE'ristik; 7milEtE'ristik] adj.

militarize, militarise
[5militEraiz; 5milEtE7raiz] v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] use (esp land) for military purposes 将（尤指土地）改作军用: * a militarized zone 军事区.

military
[5militri; - -teri; 5milE7teri] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of or for soldiers or an army; of or for (all the) armed forces 军人的; 军队的; 陆军的; 军事的; 军 用的: * military training, discipline, etc 军事训练、 纪律等 * in full military uniform 全副军人装束 * be called up for, do military service, ie go to be trained or serve as a soldier, etc for a fixed period of time 应徵受军训、 服兵役 * the military police 宪兵队. 派生： the military n [sing or pl v] soldiers or the army; the armed forces (as distinct from police or civilians) 军人; 军队; 武装力量（以区别於警察或平民）: The military were called in to deal with the riot. 已将军队调来镇压暴乱.

militate
[5militeit; 5milE7tet] v [Ipr] ~ against sth (fml 文) (of evidence, facts, etc) have great force or influence to prevent sth （指证据、 事实等）有巨大作用或影响（以防止某事物）: * Many factors militated against the success of our plan. 有很多因素妨碍了我们实现计画.

militia
[mi'liFE; mE'liFE] n [CGp] force of civilians who are trained as soldiers and reinforce the regular army in the internal defence of the country in an emergency 民兵队伍; 国民自卫队. 复合： militiaman[-mEn; -mEn] n (pl -men) member of a militia 民兵; 国民自卫队队员.

milk
1[milk; milk] n [U] 1 white liquid produced by female mammals as food for their young, esp that of cows, goats, etc drunk by human beings and made into butter and cheese 奶; 乳; （尤指）牛奶, 羊奶: * milk fresh from the cow 鲜牛奶 * skimmed milk 脱脂牛乳 * dried/powdered milk 奶粉 * [attrib 作定语] milk products, eg butter, cheese, yoghurt 乳制品 * a milk bottle 牛奶瓶. 2 milk-like juice of some plants and trees, eg that found inside a coconut （某些植物的乳状）汁液（如椰子汁）. 3 milk-like preparation made from herbs, drugs, etc 乳状制剂. 4 (idm 习语) cry over spilt milk => cry1. ,milk and `water (derog 贬) feeble or sentimental talk, ideas, etc 无益的或伤感的话、 想法等: * His speech was nothing but milk and water. 他的讲话平淡无奇毫无意义. * [attrib 作定语] I found it a disappointing thriller very milk-and-water stuff. 我认为这部惊险小说令人失望--简直味同嚼蜡. the milk of human `kindness the kindness that should be natural to human beings 人类的善良天性. 复合： `milk bar (esp Brit) bar for the sale of non-alcoholic drinks (esp those made from milk), ice-cream, etc 出售非酒类饮料的柜台或商店; （尤指）奶制品店. ,milk `chocolate chocolate (for eating) made with milk and usu sold in wrapped bars 牛奶巧克力: Do you prefer milk chocolate or plain (chocolate)? 你喜欢牛奶巧克力还是纯巧克力? `milk churn (Brit) large tall metal container, fitted with a lid, for carrying milk （金属的）有盖的牛奶桶. =>illus at barrel 见barrel插图. `milk-float n (Brit) light low vehicle, usu electrically-powered, used for delivering milk to people's houses 送奶车（通常为电动的）. `milk-loaf n (pl -loaves) (Brit) sweet-tasting white bread made with milk 牛奶甜面包. `milkmaid n woman who milks cows and works in a dairy 挤奶女工. `milkman[-mEn; -mEn]

milk1
n (pl -men) man who goes from house to house delivering and selling milk 送牛奶的人. ,milk `pudding (esp Brit) rice, sago, tapioca, etc baked in milk in a dish 牛奶布丁. `milk round milkman's route from house to house and from street to street 挨街挨户送奶的路线: go on/do a milk round 挨街挨户送一趟牛奶. `milk run (fig infml 比喻, 口) regular and uneventful journey providing a service 例行差事: I do the milk run every day taking the children to school. 我每天照例送孩子上学. ,milk `shake drink made of milk and flavouring (sometimes ice-cream) mixed or shaken until frothy 奶昔（牛奶与香料, 有时为冰激凌, 混合或搅打至起泡的饮料）. `milk-tooth n (pl -teeth) (also esp US baby tooth) any of the first (temporary) teeth in young mammals 乳齿; 奶牙. `milkweed n any of various wild plants with a milky juice 有乳状汁液的野生植物. ,milk-`white adj of a white colour like milk 乳白色的: The prince rode a ,milk-white `horse. 那王子骑着乳白色的马.

milksop
[5milksCp; 5milk7sap] n (derog 贬) man or boy who is weak and timid 懦弱而胆怯的男子.

milky
[5milki; 5milki] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 of or like milk （似）乳的: * a milky white skin 乳白色的皮肤. 2 mixed with or made of milk 含乳的; 乳制的: * milky tea, coffee, etc 奶茶、 牛奶咖啡 * I like a hot milky drink at bedtime. 我喜欢睡前喝杯热奶饮料. 3 (of a jewel or a liquid) not clear; cloudy （指珠宝或液体）乳白色的, 白而混浊的: * Opals are milky gems. 蛋白石是乳白色的宝石. > milkiness n [U]. 复合： the ,Milky `Way = the galaxy (galaxy 2).

mill
1[mil; mil] n 1 (building fitted with) machinery or apparatus for grinding grain into flour 磨粉机; 磨粉厂; 磨坊: * a `water-mill 水磨 * a `windmill 风车. 2 machine for grinding or crushing a solid substance into powder 磨碎机; 粉碎机; 碾磨机: * a `coffee-mill 咖啡研磨机 * a `pepper-mill 胡椒研磨器. 3 (building fitted with) machinery for processing materials of certain kinds 材料加工机; 工厂; 工场: * a `cotton-mill 纱厂 * a `paper-mill 造纸厂 * a `steel-mill 轧钢厂 * a `saw-mill, ie for timber 锯木厂. =>Usage at factory 用法见factory. 4 (idm 习语) grist to the/one's `mill => grist. put sb/go through the `mill (cause sb to) undergo hard training or an unpleasant experience （使某人）经受严格训练或磨炼, 历尽艰辛. Cf 参看run-of-the-mill (run2). 复合： `mill-dam n dam built across a stream to make water available for a mill 磨坊水坝. `mill-hand n factory worker 工人. `mill-pond n still water held by a mill-dam to flow to a mill 磨坊贮水池: The sea was as calm as a mill-pond. 海面静如池水. `mill-race n current of water that turns a mill-wheel 转动磨坊水轮的水流. `millstone n 1 either of a pair of flat circular stones between which grain is ground 磨石; 磨盘. 2 (idm 习语) a millstone round one's/sb's `neck heavy burden or responsibility 沉重的负担或责任: My debts were like a millstone round my neck. 我欠的债像是在脖子上套着个磨盘. `mill-wheel n wheel used to drive a water-mill （带动水磨的）水轮. `millwright n man who designs, builds and repairs water-mills and windmills 设计、 建造和修理水磨和风车的人.

millboard
[5milbC:d; 5mil7bCrd] n [C, U] (piece of) strong pasteboard used in bookbinding 装订书籍用的厚纸板.

millenarian
[7mili'neEriEn; 7milE'neriEn] n person who believes that the millennium(3) will come 相信太平盛世会来临的人.

millennium
[mi'leniEm; mE'leniEm] n (pl -nia[-niE;-niE] or ~s) 1 [C] period of 1000 years 一千年: * the first millennium AD 公元第一千年. 2 the millennium [sing] (religion 宗) the 1000-year reign of Christ on earth prophesied in the Bible 千禧年, 千年王国（《圣经》中预言的基督复临治理世界的一千年）. 3 the millennium [sing] future time of great happiness and prosperity for everyone （未来的）太平盛世, 黄金时代. > millennial adj.

millepede
(also millipede)[5milipi:d; 5milE7pid] n small worm-like creature resembling a centipede, but with two pairs of legs on each segment of its body 马陆; 千足虫.

miller
[5milE(r); 5mill] n person who owns or runs a mill for grinding corn, esp a windmill or a water-mill 磨粉厂厂主, 磨坊主（尤指用风车或水磨者）.

millet
[5milit; 5milit] n [U] (a) type of cereal plant growing 3 to 4 feet high and producing a large crop of small seeds 黍类; 小米. (b) these seeds used as food 黍类; 小米.

milli-
comb form 构词成分 (in the metric system) one thousandth part of （公制的）千分之一: `milligram * `millimetre. =>App 11 见附录11.

milliard
[5milia:d; 5miliard] n (Brit) one thousand million(s), 1000000000 十亿. Cf 参看 billion.

millibar
[5miliba:(r); 5mili7bar] n unit of atmospheric pressure equal to one thousandth of a bar4 毫巴（大气压力单位, 等於千分之一巴）.

milliner
[5milinE(r); 5milEnl] n person who makes or sells (trimmings for) women's hats 女帽（及其饰物）商. 派生： millinery[-nEri; - -neri; -7neri] n [U] (business of making or selling) (trimmings for) women's hats 女帽（及其饰物）业; 女帽饰物; 女帽: * [attrib 作定语] the millinery department, eg in a large store 女帽部（如大商店中的）.

million
[5miljEn; 5miljEn] pron, det (after a or one, used to indicate quantity; no pl form 用於a或one之後, 表示数量; 无复数形式) 1000000; one thousand thousand 一百万. =>App 4 见附录4. 派生： million n 1 (sing after a or one, but often pl 在a或one之後作单数; 但常作复数看待) the number 1000000100万; 兆: She made her first million (eg pounds or dollars) before she was thirty. 她不到叁十岁就挣到了一百万. 2 (idm 习语) one, etc in a `million person or thing of rare or exceptional quality 极稀有的人或事物; 百里挑一的人或物: She's a wife in a million. 她是个百里挑一的妻子. * We haven't a chance in a million (ie We have almost no chance) of winning. 我们胜利的机会微乎其微. million- (in compounds 用以构成复合词) having a million of the thing specified 有一百万之数的: a million-dollar law-suit, ie one costing one million dollars or more 耗费百万元的诉讼案. millionth pron, det 1000000th 第一百万的. n one of one million equal parts of sth 百万分之一. For the uses of million and millionth see examples at hundred and hundredth. 关於 million和millionth的用法见hundred和hundredth词条中的示例.

millionaire
[7miljE'neE(r); 7miljEn'er] (fem 阴性作 millionairess[7miljE'neEres; 7miljEn'eris] ) n person who has a million pounds, dollars, etc; very rich person 百万富翁; 大富翁.

millipede
= millepede.

milometer
(also mileometer)[mai'lCmitE(r); mai'lamitl] n (US odometer) instrument in a vehicle or on a bicycle for measuring the number of miles travelled （车辆上的英里数）计程器.

milord
[mi'lC:d; mi'lCrd] n (French word formerly used for an) English lord or wealthy Englishman （法语词, 旧用法）英国士绅, 富有的英国人.

milt
[milt; milt] n [U] (also soft roe) fish sperm （鱼的）精液.

mime
[maim; maim] n (a) [U] (in the theatre, etc) use of only facial expressions and gestures to tell a story 哑剧: * a play acted entirely in mime 完全以哑剧形式演出的话剧 * [attrib 作定语] a mime artist 哑剧艺术家. (b) [C] performance using this 哑剧表演. 派生： mime v 1 [I] act using mime 用哑剧式动作表演: mime to a recording of a song, ie pretend that one is singing the words 配合录音模拟唱歌. 2 [Tn] express (sth) by mime 用哑剧动作表现（某事物）: He mimed the part of a drunken man. 他以哑剧形式表演醉汉.

mimeograph
[5mimiEgra:f; - -grAf; 5mimiE7grAf] n (dated 旧) apparatus for making copies of written or typed material from a stencil 油印机. 派生： mimeograph v [Tn] copy (sth) with a mimeograph 用油印机印刷（某物）.

mimetic
[mi'metik; mi'metik] adj (fond) of imitating or mimicking （好）模仿的; （好）戏弄性模仿的: * mimetic skills, eg of some birds 模仿的技巧（如鸟的模仿力）.

mimic
[5mimik; 5mimik] v (pt, pp mimicked) [Tn] 1 copy the appearance or manner of (sb/sth) in a mocking or amusing way 戏弄性模仿（某人[某事物]）: * Tom mimicked his uncle's voice and gestures perfectly. 汤姆把他叔叔的声音和姿态模仿得惟妙惟肖. 2 (of things) resemble (sth) closely （指物）极似（某物）: * wood painted to mimic marble 漆成酷似大理石的木头. 派生： mimic n person, animal, etc clever at mimicking others 善於模仿的人、 动物等: This parrot is an amazing mimic. 这只鹦鹉很会学舌, 逗人喜爱. mimic adj [attrib 作定语] imitated or pretended 模拟的; 假装的: mimic warfare, eg in peacetime manoeuvres 模拟的战争 * mimic colouring, eg of animals, birds and insects, etc whose colours blend with their natural surroundings 拟色（如动物等的颜色, 与自然环境一致）. mimicry n [U] mimicking （戏弄性的）模仿; 极似: protective mimicry, ie resemblance of animals, birds, insects, etc to the colours and patterns of their natural surroundings, as a means of hiding from their enemies 保护性拟态（动物等模拟自然环境的颜色和形态以隐蔽防敌）.

mimosa
[mi'mEuzE; - -mEusE; mi'mosE] n (a) [U, C] type of tropical tree or shrub with clusters of small, ball-shaped, sweet-smelling, yellow flowers 含羞草属植物. (b) [U] these flowers 含羞草花: * a bunch, spray, etc of mimosa 一束、 一小枝等含羞草花.

min
abbr 缩写 = 1 minimum: temperature 50 min 最低温度50度. Cf 参看 max. 2 minute(s): fastest time 6 mins 最快6分钟. Cf 参看hr.

minaret
[7minE'ret; 7minE'ret] n tall slender spire forming part of a mosque, with a balcony from which people are called to prayer by a muezzin （伊斯兰教的）宣礼塔.

minatory
[5minEtEri; - -tC:ri; 5minE7tCri] adj (fml 文) threatening 威胁性的; 恐吓性的: * minatory actions, gestures, etc 恫吓的行为、 姿势等.

mince
[mins; mins] v 1 [Tn] chop or cut (esp meat) into very small pieces in a machine with revolving blades 用绞肉机绞（尤指肉）. 2 [I, Ipr, Ip] (usu derog 通常作贬义) walk or speak in an affected manner, trying to appear delicate or refined 装腔作势地走或说: * She minced into the room wearing very high heels. 她穿着很高的高跟鞋, 扭扭捏捏地走进房间. 3 (idm 习语) not `mince matters; not mince (one's) `words speak plainly or bluntly, esp when condemning sb/sth 直言不讳（尤在指责某人[某事物]时）: * I didn't mince matters: * I said he was an idiot. 我不讳言, 我说过他是白痴. * I won't mince words (with you): * I think your plan is stupid. 我不（跟你）兜圈子, 我认为你的计画是胡闹. 派生： mince n [U] (esp Brit) (US hamburger) minced meat 绞碎的肉; 肉末: a pound of mince 一磅绞肉. mincer n device for mincing food, esp meat 食物绞碎机; （尤指）绞肉机. mincing adj (usu derog 通常作贬义) affected 做作的; 装腔作势的: take small, mincing steps 迈着做作的小碎步. mincingly adv. 复合： ,mince `pie small round pie containing mincemeat and eaten esp at Christmas 百果馅饼（尤指圣诞节日吃的）.

mincemeat
[5minsmi:t; 5mins7mit] n [U] 1 mixture of currants, raisins, sugar, candied peel, apples, suet, etc used esp as a filling for a mince pie 百果馅（由加仑子乾、 葡萄乾、 糖、 蜜饯果皮、 苹果、 牛羊油等混合而成）. 2 (idm 习语) make mincemeat of sb/sth (infml 口) defeat sb/sth completely in a fight or an argument 彻底击败或驳倒某人[某事物]: * The Prime Minister made mincemeat of his opponent's arguments. 首相把对方反对他的论点驳得体无完肤.

mind
1[maind; maind] n 1 [U] ability to be aware of things and to think and feel 感知、 思维和感觉的能力; 心智: * have the right qualities of mind for the job 有做该项工作的头脑 * have complete peace of mind 心态十分平静. 2 [C] (a) ability to reason; intellectual powers 推理的能力; 悟性; 智力: * have a brilliant, logical, simple, etc mind 头脑聪明、 逻辑性强、 简单等. (b) person who uses his reasoning or intellectual powers well 有心力智慧的人: * He is one of the greatest minds of the age. 他是当代最有才智的人. 3 [C] person's thoughts or attention 人的思想或注意力; 心思: * Are you quite clear in your own mind what you ought to do? 你自己是否清楚该做什麽? * Don't let your mind wander! 别走神儿! 4 [C] ability to remember; memory 记忆力; 记性: * I can't think where I've left my umbrella; my mind's a complete blank! 我想不起来把伞丢在哪儿了, 一点印象都没有! 5 [U, C] normal condition of one's mental faculties; sanity 正常的神志或理智; 健全的心态: * be sound in mind and body 身心健康 * He's 94 and his mind is going, ie he is becoming senile. 他已94岁, 神志日衰. 6 (idm 习语) absence of mind => absence. at the back of one's mind => back1. be in one's right mind => right1. be in two `minds about sth/doing sth feel doubtful about or hesitate over sth 对某事物叁心二意或犹豫不决: * I was in two minds about leaving London: * my friends were there, but the job abroad was a good one. 我对是否离开伦敦一事拿不定主意; 伦敦有我的朋友, 但是国外那份工作非常好. be/take a load/weight off sb's mind cause one/sb great relief 使自己[某人]如释重负: * Paying my mortgage was an enormous weight off my mind! 我还了抵押借款, 如释重负! be of one `mind (about sb/sth) agree or have the same opinion (about sb/sth) （对某人[某事物]）意见一致, 有同样看法. be on one's `mind; have sth on one's `mind

mind1
(cause sb to) worry about sth （使某人）为某事物担忧: * My deputy has resigned, so I've got a lot on my mind just now. 我的副手辞职了, 所以现在有许多事要我操心. be ,out of one's `mind (infml 口) be crazy or mad 发狂; 发疯: * You must be out of your mind if you think I'm going to lend you 50! 你以为我会借给你50英镑, 你准是疯了! bear in mind that... => bear2. bear/keep sb/sth in `mind remember sb/sth 记住某人[某事物]: * We have no vacancies now, but we'll certainly bear your application in mind. 我们目前没有空缺, 但是我们一定记住你申请的事. bend one's mind to sth => bend1. blow one's/sb's mind => blow1. boggle sb's/the mind => boggle. bring/call sb/sth to mind recall sb/sth to one's memory 想起某人[某事物]: * I know her face but I can't call her name to mind. 我认得她, 但想不起她的名字了. cast one's mind back => cast1. change one's/sb's mind => change1. close one's mind to sth=> close4. come/spring to `mind present itself to one's thoughts 出现於某人的脑海中: * `Have you any suggestions?’ `Nothing immediately springs to mind.’ ‘你有什麽建议?’‘一下子想不起什麽来.’ concentrate one's/the mind => concentrate. cross one's mind => cross2. ease sb's conscience/mind => ease2. frame of mind => frame1. give one's mind to sth concentrate on or direct all one's attention to sth 全神贯注於某事物. give sb a piece of one's mind => piece1. go out of/slip one's `mind be forgotten 忘记; 想不起. have, etc an enquiring, etc turn of mind => turn2. have a memory/mind like a sieve => sieve. have a mind of one's `own be capable of forming opinions, making decisions, etc independently 有主见; 能自作决定. have a (good) mind to do sth (infml 口) have a (strong) desire to do sth 有（强烈）愿望做某事物: * I'd a good mind to smack him for being so rude! 他这样粗野, 我真想揍他! have half a mind to do sth (infml 口) feel a moderate desire to do sth 有点想做某事物. have/keep an open mind => open1. have it in mind to do sth

mind2
(fml 文) intend to do sth 想做某事物: * I have it in mind to ask her advice when I see her. 我打算见到她时徵求她的意见. have sb/sth in mind (for sth) be considering sb/sth as suitable (for sth) 考虑某人[某事物]适合（於某事物）: * Who do you have in mind for the job? 你考虑谁做这工作合适? in one's mind's `eye in one's imagination; in one's memory 在想像中; 在记忆中: * In my mind's eye, I can still see the house where I was born. 我出生时的那所房子仍记忆犹新. keep one's mind on sth continue to pay attention to sth; not be distracted from sth 继续专心於某事物; 不因某事物分散注意力: * Keep your mind on the job! 专心做你的工作! know one's own mind => know. make up one's `mind come to a decision 作出决定; 拿定主意: * I've made up my mind to be a doctor. 我决心当医生.* Have you made your mind up where to go for your holiday? 你已决定到什麽地方去度假了吗? make up one's mind to (doing) sth (fml 文) come to accept sth that cannot be changed, etc 接受无法变更的事实: * As we can't afford a bigger house we must make up our minds to staying here. 既然我们住不起大房子, 我们就得安心住在这儿. a meeting of minds => meeting. the mind/imagination boggles => boggle. ,mind over `matter mental powers regarded as being stronger than those of the body or physical objects 精神胜物质: * Keeping to a strict diet is a question of mind over matter. 坚持某一规定饮食, 是毅力能否战胜物质诱惑的问题. of the same mind => same1. of unsound mind => unsound. open one's heart/mind to sb => open2. out of sight, out of mind => sight1. pissed out of one's head/mind => piss. poison A's mind against B => poison. presence of mind => presence. prey on sb's mind => prey v. put sb in mind of sb/sth cause sb to think of or remember sb/sth 使某人想到或想起某人[某事物]: * Her way of speaking put me in mind of her mother. 她说话的样子使我想起了她的母亲. put/set one's/sb's `mind at ease/rest cause or enable one/sb to stop worrying 使自己[某人]放心. put/set/turn one's mind to sth give all one's attention to (achieving) sth 专心於某事物:

mind3
* You could be a very good writer if you set your `mind to it. 你只要专心, 很可能成为优秀作家. speak one's mind => speak. stick in one's mind => stick2. take one's/sb's mind off sth help one/sb not to think or worry about sth 使自己[某人]不再思考或担忧某事物: * Hard work always takes your mind off domestic problems. 工作一劳累就使人不再想着家庭问题了. time out of mind => time1. to `my mind according to my way of thinking; in my opinion 照我的想法; 我认为: * To `my mind, it's all a lot of nonsense! 照我看, 这全是胡说! turn sth over in one's `mind consider or think carefully about sth for some time 仔细考虑或反覆思考某事物. 复合： `mind-bending adj (infml 口) strongly influencing the mind 强烈影响心绪的; 令人费精神的: a mind-bending problem 令人费解的问题. `mind-blowing adj (infml 口) (of drugs or extraordinary sights, experiences, etc) causing mental excitement, ecstasy, hallucinations, etc （指毒品、 异常的景象、 经历等）令人兴奋的, 令人感到美妙的, 致幻的. `mind-boggling adj (infml 口) alarming; extraordinaryor astonishing 惊人的; 不寻常的; 令人惊异的: Distancesin space are quite mind-boggling. 宇宙之大令人吃惊. Cf 参看 boggle sb's mind (boggle). `mind-reader n person who claims to know what another person is thinking 自称了解他人思想活动的人. `mind-reading n [U].

minded
[5maindid; 5maindid] adj 1 [pred 作表语] ~ (to do sth) (fml 文) disposed or inclined (to do sth) 想要, 准备, 有意（做某事物）: * He could do it if he were so minded. 他要是想做的话, 他就能做. 2 (forming compound adjs or following advs 构成复合形容词或用於副词之後) having the kind of mind specified 有某种心智或头脑的: * a ,strong-minded, ,narrow-minded,,feeble-minded, ,high-minded, etc `person 意志坚强的、 心胸狭窄的、 意志薄弱的、 思想高尚的...人 * I appeal to all ,like-minded `people to support me. 我请求有这类想法的人都来支持我. * be com,mercially, po,litically,,technically, etc `minded 有商业、 政治、 技术等头脑. 3 (with ns forming compound adjs 与名词结合构成复合形容词) conscious of the value or importance of the thing specified 认识某事物的价值或重要性的: * She has become very `food-minded since her holiday in France. 她自法国度假回来, 对食物就很讲究了.

mindful
[5maindfl; 5maindfEl] adj [pred 作表语] ~ of sb/sth (fml 文) giving thought and care or attention to sb/sth 留意、 关心或注意到某人[某事物]: * mindful of one's family, one's duties, one's reputation, the need for discretion 顾及家庭的、 留意职责的、 关心声誉的、 小心谨慎的.

mindless
[5maindlis; 5maindlis] adj 1 not requiring intelligence 不需要智慧的: * mindless drudgery 不必用脑筋的苦活儿. 2 (derog 贬) lacking in intelligence; thoughtless 没头脑的; 没思想的; 愚蠢的: * mindless vandals 愚 的破坏公物的人. 3 [pred 作表语] ~ of sb/sth (fml 文) not thinking of sb/sth; heedless of sb/sth 不顾及或不注意某人[某事物]: * mindless of personal risk 没考虑个人所冒的风险. > mindlessly adv. mindlessness n [U].

mine
1[main; main] possess pron of or belonging to me 我的: * I think that book is mine. 那本书是我的. * He's a friend of mine, ie one of my friends. 他是我的朋友. Cf 参看 my.

miner
[5mainE(r); 5mainl] n person who works in a mine underground 矿工: * `coal-miners 煤矿工人.

mineral
[5minErEl; 5minErEl] n 1 [C, U] substance that is not vegetable or animal, esp one with a constant chemical composition which is found naturally in the earth 矿物: * substances classified as mineral(s) 列为矿物的物质 * [attrib 作定语] mineral salts 岩盐 * the mineral kingdom 矿物界. Cf 参看 animal, vegetable. 2 [C, U] any substance got from the earth by mining, esp a metal ore 采自地下的任何物质; （尤指）金属矿石: * Coal and iron are minerals. 煤和铁都是矿物. * [attrib 作定语] mineral deposits, resources, wealth, etc. 矿藏、 矿物资源、 矿物财富. 3 [C usu pl 通常作复数] (Brit) (a) = mineral water. (b) (US soda) non-alcoholic canned or bottled drink containing flavouring and soda-water （罐装或瓶装的）矿泉水: * Soft drinks and minerals sold here. 此处出售软饮料和矿泉水. 复合： `mineral oil 1 (Brit) any oil of mineral origin, esp petroleum 矿物油; （尤指）石油. 2 (US) liquid paraffin 液体石蜡. `mineral water water that naturally contains dissolved mineral salts or gases, and is drunk for its medicinal value 矿泉水.

mineralogy
[7minE'rAlEdVi; 7minl'AlEdVi] n [U] scientific study of minerals 矿物学. 派生： mineralogical[7minErE'lCdVikl; 7minErE'ladVikl] adj of or concerning mineralogy 矿物学的. mineralogist[7minE'ArlEdVist; 7minl'AlEdVist] n student of or expert in mineralogy 矿物学研究者; 矿物学家.

minestrone
[7mini'strEuni; 7minE'stroni] n [U] thick rich meat soup (of Italian origin) containing chopped mixed vegetables and pasta or rice （源於意大利的）含蔬菜和意大利粉或大米的浓汁肉汤.

mingle
[5miNgl; 5miNgl] v 1 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ with sth/~ (together) form a mixture with sth; combine 与某物混合; 结合: * The waters of the two rivers mingled (together) to form one river. 两条河汇合成一条. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ A with B/~ A and B (together) mix one thing with another; combine things together 将一物与另一物混合; 将事物结合一起: * truth mingled with falsehood 搀杂虚假成分的事实 * The priest mingled the water with the wine. 牧师在水中兑上酒. * He mingled the water and wine (together). 他把水和酒混在一起了. 2 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ with sb/sth; ~ (together) go about among sb/sth; associate with sb/sth 混进某些人[某事物]中; 与某人[某事物]交往或联系: * Security men mingled with the crowd. 保安人员混杂在人群中.

mingy
[5mindVi; 5mindVi] adj (-ier, -iest) (Brit infml 口) mean; ungenerous; stingy 小气的; 不慷慨的; 吝啬的: * He's so mingy with his money. 他对钱十分吝啬. * This restaurant serves very mingy portions. 这家餐厅的饮食分量很少.

mini
[5mini; 5mini] n (pl ~s) (infml 口) 1 Mini (propr 专利名) type of small car 小型汽车. 2 miniskirt 超短裙.

miniature
[5minEtFE(r); - 'miniEtFuEr; 5miniEtFul] n 1 (a) [C] very small detailed painting, usu of a person 微型画; （通常指）微型人像画. (b) [U] art of painting in this way 微型绘画术: * [attrib 作定语] a miniature artist, ie one who specializes in this type of art 微型画画家. 2 [C] very small copy or model of sth 微型复制品; 微小模型: * a detailed miniature of the Titanic 提坦号邮轮的精细小模型 * [attrib 作定语] miniature dogs, ie very small breeds 小种狗 * miniature bottles of brandy, etc 小瓶白兰地等 * a miniature railway, ie a small model one on which people may ride for short distances 小铁路（供人短距离使用的模型）. 3 (idm 习语) in miniature on a very small scale 小型; 小规模; 小比例: * copy sth in miniature 缩小复制某物 * She is just like her mother in miniature. 她简直是她母亲的缩影. 派生： miniaturist[5minitFErist; 5minitFErist] n painter of miniatures 微型画画家.

minibus
[5minibQs; 5mini7bQs] n (esp Brit) small vehicle like a bus with seats for only a few people 小型公共汽车: * hire a self-drive minibus 租一辆自己驾驶的小型公共汽车.

minicab
[5minikAb; 5mini7kAb] n (Brit) car like a taxi but available only if ordered in advance （需提前租订的）小型计程车.

minicomputer
[7minikEm'pju:tE(r); 7minikEm'pjutl] n comparatively cheap computer that is small in size and storage capacity 小型计算机. Cf 参看 mainframe (main1), microcomputer.

minim
[5minim; 5minim] n 1 (Brit) (US half note) (music 音) note with half the time-value of a semibreve 二分音符; 半音符. =>illus at music 见music插图. 2 unit of liquid measure equal to one sixtieth of a dram (about one drop) 量滴（液量单位, 等於1/60打兰, 约为一滴之量）.

minimal
[5minimEl; 5miniml] adj smallest in amount or degree （量或程度）最小的, 最低的: * We stayed with friends, so our expenses were minimal. 我们住在朋友家, 所以我们的花费很小. > minimally adv.

minimize, minimise
[5minimaiz; 5minE7maiz] v [Tn] 1 reduce (sth) to the smallest amount or degree 使（某事物）减至最小量或最低程度: * To minimize the risk of burglary, install a good alarm system. 安装可靠的报警设备以减低被盗的风险. 2 estimate (sth) at the smallest possible amount; reduce the true value or importance of (sth) 对（某事物）作最低估计; 贬低（某事物）的价值或重要性: * He minimized the value of her contribution to his research so that he got all the praise. 他极力贬低她在那项研究中的贡献, 从而独获全部奖励. Cf 参看 maximize.

minimum
[5minimEm; 5minEmEm] n (pl minima[-mE; -mE] ) [C usu sing 通常作单数] 1 least or smallest amount, degree, etc possible （可能的）最小量; 最低限度: * a minimum of work, effort, etc 最低限度的工作、 努力等 * keep/reduce sth to the (absolute) minimum 将某事物保持在[减少至]（绝对的）最低限度 * Repairing your car will cost a minimum of 100, ie at least 100. 修理你的汽车最低限度要100英镑. 2 (abbr 缩写 min) least or smallest amount, degree, etc allowed or recorded （许可的或记录到的）最小量, 最低限度: * The class needs a minimum of 6 pupils to continue. 这个班最低限度要有6个学生才可以继续办. * Temperatures will reach a minimum of 50F. 温度最低将达到50F. Cf 参看 maximum. 派生： minimum adj that is a minimum 最小的; 最少的; 最低限度的: 20p is the minimum fare on buses. 公共汽车票价起码是20便士. 复合： ,minimum `lending rate (finance 财) lowest rate of interest at which the central bank lends money at any particular time （中央银行某时期贷款的）最低利率. ,minimum ther`mometer thermometer that automatically records the lowest temperature within a particular period （自动记录某时期的）最低温度计. ,minimum `wage lowest wage that an employer is allowed, by law or a union agreement, to pay （法定的或工会认可的）最低工资: earn the minimum wage 挣最低工资.

mining
[5mainiN; 5mainiN] n [U] (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) process of getting coal, ores, precious stones, etc from mines 采矿: * `tin-mining 采锡矿 * open-cast mining, ie getting coal, etc that is near the surface, using mechanical shovels, etc 露天开采 * [attrib 作定语] the `mining industry 采矿业 * a `mining engineer 采矿工程师.

minion
[5miniEn; 5minjEn] n (esp pl 尤作复数) (derog or joc 贬或谑) subordinate or assistant, esp one who tries to win favour by obeying a superior slavishly 下属; 助手; （尤指）唯命是从的奴仆: * the dictator and his minions 独裁者及其奴才 * Can you send one of your minions to collect this file? 你能不能派个助手来取这份档案?

minister
1[5ministE(r); 5ministl] n 1 (US secretary) person at the head of a government department or a main branch of one (and often a member of the Cabinet) 部长; 大臣（常为内阁阁员）: * the Minister of Education 教育部长 * a minister of state for finance 财政部的国务大臣 * the Prime Minister 首相. 2 person, usu of lower rank than an ambassador, representing his government in a foreign country 公使; 外交使节. 3 Christian clergyman, esp in the Presbyterian and some Nonconformist churches （基督教的）牧师（尤指长老会和某些不信奉国教派的）: * a minister of religion 牧师. Cf 参看 priest, vicar. 复合： ,Minister of `State (Brit) departmental senior minister between a departmental head and a junior minister 国务大臣.

ministerial
[7mini'stiEriEl; 7minEs'tiriEl] adj 1 of a minister, his position, duties, etc 部长的; 大臣的; 部长或大臣的地位或职责的; 公使的; 公使的地位或职责的; 牧师的; 牧师的地位或职责的: * hold ministerial office/rank 主持部里的工作[具有部长的级别] * a decision taken at ministerial level 部长级的决定. 2 of or for a government ministry (or the Cabinet) （政府的）部的, 为部的; 内阁的; 为内阁的: * the ministerial benches 执政党阁员的席位. > ministerially[-iEli; -iEli] adv.

ministrant
[5ministrEnt; 5ministrEnt] adj [attrib 作定语] (fml 文) giving help or service, esp in religious ceremonies 提供帮助或服务的（尤指於宗教仪式中）. 派生： ministrant n (fml 文) supporter or helper; attendant 帮助者; 服侍者.

ministration
[7mini'streiFn; 7minE'streFEn] n (fml 文) (a) [U] helping or serving, eg at a religious ceremony 帮助, 服务（如於宗教仪式中）: * the ministration of the sacraments 行圣事. (b) [C usu pl 通常作复数] instance of this 帮助; 服务; 行宗教仪式: * The ministrations (ie care and nursing) of my wife restored me to health. 我妻子护理我使我恢复了健康.

ministry
[5ministri; 5ministri] n 1 (US department) [C] (buildings containing a) government department （政府的）部, 部的办公楼: * the `Air Ministry 航空部 * the ,Ministry of De`fence 国防部. 2 (a) the ministry [Gp] the ministers of (esp the Protestant) religion as a body （全体）牧师（尤指新教的）: * His parents intended him for the ministry, ie wanted him to become a minister. 他父母有意让他当牧师. (b) [C usu sing 通常作单数] duties or (period of) service of a minister of religion 牧师的职责; 牧师的服务（期限）: * enter/go into/take up the ministry, ie train to become a minister of religion 做[从事/担任]牧师工作.

mink
[miNk; miNk] n 1 [C] small stoat-like animal of the weasel family 貂. 2 (a) [U] its valuable thick brown fur 貂皮: * [attrib 作定语] a mink stole, coat 貂皮披肩、 大衣. (b) [C] coat made from this fur 貂皮大衣: * wearing her new mink 穿着她的新貂皮大衣.

minnow
[5minEu; 5mino] n (pl unchanged or ~s 复数或不变或作 minnows) any of several types of very small freshwater fish of the carp family 米诺鱼（鲤科淡水小鱼的总称）.

minor
[5mainE(r); 5mainl] adj 1 [usu attrib 通常作定语] smaller, less serious, less important, etc 较小的; 程度轻的; 次要的: * a minor road, eg in the country 辅助道路（如郊野的） * minor repairs, alterations, etc 小规模的修理、 修改等 * a minor operation, ie one that does not risk the patient's life 小手术 * minor injuries, burns, fractures, etc 轻度损伤、 灼伤、 骨折等 * a minor part/role in a play 剧中的次要角色 * minor poets 不重要的诗人. Cf 参看 major. 2 (Brit dated or joc 旧或谑) (in private schools) second or younger of two brothers or boys with the same surname (esp in the same school) （私立学校中）（兄弟俩或同姓男生中）年幼的, 小的: * Smith minor 小史密斯. Cf 参看 major, junior 2. 3 (music 音) of or based on a scale that has a semitone above its second note 小调的; 小音阶的: * a minor third, ie an interval of three semitones 小叁度（含叁个半音的音程） * a song in a minor key, ie one based on a minor scale 小调歌曲 * a symphony in C minor C小调交响曲. Cf 参看 major. 派生： minor n 1 (law 律) person under the age of full legal responsibility (18 in the UK) 未成年人（在英国为18岁以下）. 2 (US) subsidiary subject or course of a student at college or university （大学中）副修科目. minor v [Ipr] ~ in sth (US) (of a student) study sth as a subsidiary subject （指学生）副修某科. 复合： minor `planet asteroid 小行星. minor `suit (in card-games, esp bridge) diamonds or clubs （纸牌, 尤指桥牌的）低花色牌（方块或梅花）.

minority
[mai'nCrEti; - -'nC:r-; mai'nCrEti] n 1 (a) [CGp] (usu sing 通常作单数) smaller number or part (esp of people voting or of votes cast) 少数（尤指投票者或票数）: * Only a minority of British households do/does not have a car. 英国只有少数家庭没有汽车. * A small minority voted against the motion. 投票反对该动议的人占少数. * [attrib 作定语] a minority vote, opinion, point of view, etc, ie one cast, held, etc by a smaller number of people 少数人的票、 意见、 观点等. (b) [C] small group in a community, nation, etc, differing from others in race, religion, language, etc （一社区、 国家等, 其中种族、 宗教, 语言等异於他人的）小团体, 少数: * the rights of ethnic minorities 少数民族的权利 * [attrib 作定语] belong to a minority group 属於少数人团体的 * minority rights 少数派的权利. Cf 参看 majority. 2 [U] (law 律) state or period of being a minor 未成年: * be in one's minority, eg under 18 in the UK 尚未成年（如在英国为18岁以下）. 3 (idm 习语) be in a/the minority be in the smaller of esp two voting groups 是少数派（尤指在投票的两部分人中）: * We're in the minority, ie More people are against us than with us. 我们是少数派. * I'm in a minority of one, ie No one agrees with me. 我是唯一的少数派. 复合： mi,nority `government government that has fewer seats in a legislative assembly than the total number held by the opposition parties 在立法议会占少数席位的党派组成的政府.

minster
[5minstE(r); 5minstl] n (Brit) large or important church, esp one that once belonged to a monastery 大教堂（尤指隐修院的）: * York Minster 约克大教堂.

minstrel
[5minstrEl; 5minstrEl] n 1 (in the Middle Ages) travelling composer, player and singer of songs and ballads （中世纪的）游方诗歌演唱者. 2 (usu pl通常作复数) one of a company of public entertainers with blackened faces, etc performing supposedly Negro songs and music （由白人扮演黑人的）音乐歌唱团演员: * [attrib 作定语] a minstrel show 由白人扮演黑人的音乐演唱会. 派生： minstrelsy[5minstrElsi; 5minstrElsi] n [U] art, songs, etc of minstrels (minstrel 1) 游方诗歌演唱者的技艺、 诗歌等.

mint
1[mint; mint] n 1 [U] any of various types of aromatic herb whose leaves are used for flavouring food, drinks, toothpaste, chewing-gum, etc 薄荷: * a sprig of mint, eg in a cocktail 一小枝薄荷（如放於鸡尾酒中的） * [attrib 作定语] mint `sauce, ie mint leaves chopped up in vinegar and sugar, usu eaten with roast lamb 薄荷沙司（用薄荷叶末加糖和醋制成, 通常用以佐食烤小羊肉）. 2 [U, C] = peppermint: * Do you like mints? 你喜欢薄荷吗? > minty[5minti; 5minti] adj.

minuet
[7minju'et; 7minju'et] n (piece of music for a) slow graceful dance in triple time 小步舞（一种缓慢优美的叁拍舞蹈）; 小步舞曲.

minus
[5mainEs; 5mainEs] prep 1 (mathematics 数) with the deduction of; less 减; 减去: * Seven minus three equals four (7 3 = 4). 七减叁等於四. 2 below zero 零下: * a temperature of minus ten degrees centigrade (-10C) 零下十摄氏度的温度（-10C）. 3 (infml 口) without or lacking; deprived of 无; 缺少; 减少: * He came back from the war minus a leg. 他打仗回来, 少了一条腿. * I'm minus my car today, eg because it's being repaired. 今天我没汽车了（如正在修理）. Cf 参看 plus. 派生： minus adj 1 (mathematics 数) negative 负的: a minus quantity, ie a quantity less than zero (eg -2x2) 负量（小於零, 如-2x2）. 2 [pred 作表语] (of marks or grades) of a standard slightly lower than the one stated （指分数或等级）略低於某标准: I got B minus (B-) in the test. 我测验得个B-. minus n 1 (also minus sign) the mathematical symbol 减号, 负号（minuscule /// [5minEskju:l; mi'nEskjul] adj very small; tiny 极小的; 微小的.

minute
1[5minit; 5minit] n 1 (a) [C] one sixtieth part of an hour, equal to 60 seconds 分（一小时的六十分之一, 等於60秒）: * It's ten minutes to/past six. 现在是差十分六点[六点过十分]. * I arrived a couple of minutes early/late. 我早[晚]到了两叁分钟. * My house is ten minutes (away) from (ie It takes ten minutes to drive, walk, etc from it to) the shops. 从我家到商业区（相去）有十分钟的路程. * We caught the bus with only minutes to spare. 我们只差几分钟就赶不上公共汽车了. =>App 5 见附录5. (b) [sing] very short time; moment 片刻; 瞬间; 一会儿: * It only takes a minute to make a salad. 做色拉用不了多少时间. * Will you wait for me? I shan't be a minute. 等等我行吗? 我马上就好. (c) [sing] exact point of time; instant 此时此刻; 立刻: * Stop it this minute! ie immediately 立即停止! * At that very minute, Tom opened the door. 就在那时候, 汤姆打开了门. 2 [C] one sixtieth part of a degree, used in measuring angles 分（量度弧或角的单位, 六十分之一度）: * 37 degrees 30 minutes (3730) 37度30分（37 30）. 3 [C] official note that records a decision or comment, or gives authority for sth to be done 正式记录; 备忘录: * make a minute of sth 记录某事物. 4 minutes [pl] brief summary or record of what is said and decided at a meeting, esp of a society or committee 会议记录: * We read (through) the minutes of the last meeting. 我们（从头到尾）把上次会议记录看了一遍. * Who will take (ie make notes for) the minutes? 谁做记录? 5 (idm 习语) (at) any minute/moment (now) (infml 口) very shortly or soon 随时; 马上: * The leading cyclist will be coming round that corner any minute now! 为首的那个自行车手很快就要从那个转角处绕过来! in a `minute very soon 马上; 立刻: * Our guests will be here in a minute! 我们的客人马上就到! ,just a `minute (infml 口) wait for a short time (usu while the speaker says or does sth) 稍等片刻（通常说话人此时在说或做某事）:

minute1
* Just a minute! Let me put your tie straight. 请等等! 我帮你正正领带. the last minute/moment => last1 ,not for a/one `minute/`moment (infml 口) not at all 一点儿也不; 从不; 根本不: * I never suspected for a minute that youwere married. 我万万没想到你已经结婚了. the minute/moment (that)... as soon as... 一...就...: * I want to see him the minute (that) he arrives. 他一来到我就要见他. there's one born every minute => born. to the `minute exactly 准时: * The train arrived at 9.05 to the minute. 火车在9时零5分准时到达. ,up to the `minute (infml 口) (a) fashionable 最新的; 时髦的: * Her clothes are always right up to the minute. 她的衣着总是很入时. * [attrib 作定语] an ,up-to-the-`minute look, dress, style, etc 时新的样式、 连衣裙、 款式等. (b) having the latest information 有最新消息的: * [attrib 作定语] an ,up-to-the-minute `news bulletin, summary, etc 有最新消息的简报、 总结等. 派生： minute v [Tn] make a note of (sth) in an official memorandum; record (sth) in the minutes (minute1 4) 将（某事）载入备忘录或会议记录: minute an action point, comment, etc 记录一行动要点、 评语等 * Your suggestion will be minuted. 你的建议将记录在案. 复合： `minute-book n book in which minutes (minute1 4) are written 会议记录本. `minute-gun n gun fired at intervals of a minute, eg at a funeral 分炮（每一分钟放一次, 如致哀礼炮）. `minute-hand n hand on a watch or clock indicating the minutes （钟表的）分针. `minute-man n (pl -men) (US) (formerly) militiaman or armed civilian ready to fight immediately if required （旧时）随时应召的民兵. ,minute `steak thin piece of (usu beef) steak that can be cooked very quickly （速熟的）薄肉排（通常指牛排）.

minutiae
[mai'nju:Fii:; - mi'nu:Fii:; mi'nuFi7i] n [pl] very small or unimportant details 微小的或不重要的细节: * I won't discuss the minutiae of the contract now. 我现在不商谈合同的细节.

minx
[miNks; miNks] n (derog or joc 贬或谑) cunning, cheeky or mischievous girl 狡滑的、 放肆的或顽皮的女孩儿: * She can be a proper little minx when she wants to get her own way! 她有时为所欲为, 要发起坏来可真是个十足的小坏蛋!

miracle
[5mirEkl; 5mirEkl] n 1 [C] good or welcome act or event which does not follow the known laws of nature and is therefore thought to be caused by some supernatural power 奇迹: * perform/work/accomplish miracles 创造[产生/完成]奇迹 * Her life was saved by a miracle. 她性命得救全靠奇迹. * The doctors said her recovery was a miracle. 医生说她的康复是个奇迹. 2 [sing] (infml fig 口, 比喻) remarkable or unexpected event 惊人的或意外的奇事: * It's a miracle you weren't killed in that car crash! 你在那次汽车撞车事故中大难不死, 真不可思议! * It'll be a miracle if he ever gives up smoking! 他要是真戒了烟, 那才怪呢! * [attrib 作定语] a miracle cure, drug, etc 有奇效的疗法、 药物等. 3 [C] ~ of sth remarkable example or specimen of sth 非凡的事例: * miracles of ingenuity, craftsmanship, etc 了不起的智巧、 手艺等 * The compact disc is a miracle of modern technology. 激光唱片是当代技术的奇葩. 4 (idm 习语) do/work miracles/wonders (for/with sb/sth) (infml 口) be remarkably successful in achieving positive results (for/with sb/sth) （对某人[某事物]）有奇效, 极成功: * This tonic will work miracles for your depression. 这种补药对治疗你的忧郁症十分有效. * He can do miracles with a few kitchen leftovers, eg by making them into a tasty meal. 他能用厨房里几样剩饭菜做出一顿美餐. 派生： miraculous/mi'rkjulEs; mE'rAkjElEs] adj 1 like a miracle; contrary to the laws of nature 奇迹般的; 超自然的: * make a miraculous recovery 奇迹般地康复. 2 (infml 口) remarkable or unexpected 神奇的; 不可思议的: * It's miraculous how much weight you've lost! 你体重减轻了这麽多, 真了不起! miraculously adv. 复合： `miracle play medieval drama based on events in the Bible or the lives of Christian saints 神迹剧（中世纪戏剧, 取材自《圣经》或圣徒的故事）. Cf 参看 mystery play (mystery).

mirage
[5mira:V, mi'ra:V; mE'raV] n 1 optical illusion caused by hot air conditions, esp that of a sheet of water seeming to appear in the desert or on a hot road 海市蜃楼. 2 (fig 比喻) any illusion or hope that cannot be fulfilled 不能实现的希望; 幻想; 妄想.

mire
[5maiE(r); mair] n [U] 1 swampy ground or bog; soft deep mud 沼地; 泥潭; 泥浆; 淤泥: * sink into/get stuck in the mire 陷入泥坑. 2 (idm 习语) drag sb/sb's name through the mire/mud => drag. 派生： miry[5maiEri; 5mairi] adj swampy or boggy; muddy 沼泽的; 泥泞的.

mirror
[5mirE(r); 5mirl] n 1 (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) polished surface, usu of coated glass or of metal, that reflects images 镜子: * a `driving-mirror, eg in a car, to enable the driver to see what is behind 驾驶用反光镜（供驾驶者观看车後情况者） * a `hand mirror, ie a small one, esp as used by women 手镜（尤指女子用的小镜） * She glanced at herself in the mirror. 她照了一下镜子. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xvi. 2 (fig 比喻) thing that reflects or gives a likeness of sth 反映某事物的东西: * Pepys's `Diary' is a mirror of/holds up a mirror to the times he lived in. 佩皮斯的《日记》是他生活的那个时代的真实反映. 派生： mirror v [Tn] reflect (sth) as in a mirror 反射, 映照（某事物）: The trees were mirrored in the still water of the lake. 静静的湖水映出岸上的树木. * (fig 比喻) a novel that mirrors modern society 反映现代社会的小说. 复合： ,mirror `image reflection or copy of sth with the right and left sides of the original reversed 镜像, 反像（与原像左右相反）.

mirth
[mE:W; mEW] n [U] (fml 文) merriment orhappiness; laughter 欢乐; 快乐; 欢笑: * Her funny costumecaused much mirth among the guests. 她那滑稽的服装引得客人哄堂大笑. > mirthful[-fl; -fEl] adj. mirthless adj: * a mirthless laugh, ie showing that one is not really amused 苦笑.

mis-
pref 前缀 (with vs and ns 与动词和名词结合) bad; wrong; not 坏; 错; 不; 没; 无: misdirect * misconduct * mistrust.

misadventure
[7misEd'ventFE(r); 7misEd'ventFl] n 1 [C, U] (fml 文) (piece of) bad luck; misfortune 不幸; 恶运; 灾祸; 不幸事件: * Their holiday was ruined by a whole series of misadventures. 一连串的不幸事故把他们的假日全毁了. 2 [U] (law 律) accidental cause of death not involving crime or negligence 意外死亡: * death by misadventure 意外致死.

misalliance
[7misE'laiEns; 7misE'laiEns] n unsuitable alliance, esp marriage with sb of a lower social class不匹配的结合（尤指嫁娶地位较低的人）: * make a misalliance 作俯就的联姻.

misanthropist
[mi'sAnWrEpist; mis'AnWrEpist] (also misanthrope[5misEnWrEup; 5misEn7Wrop] ) n person who hates mankind and avoids human society 憎恶人类者; 避免与人交往者. Cf 参看 philanthropist (philanthropy). 派生： misanthropic[7misEn'WrCpik; 7misEn'Wrapik] adj hating or distrusting mankind or human society 憎恶人类的; 不信任世人的; 厌恶与人交往的. misanthropy/mi'sAnWrEpi; mis'AnWrEpi] n [U] hatred or distrust of mankind 对人类的憎恶或不信任.

misapply
[7misE'plai; 7misE'plai] v (pt, pp -lied) [Tn] (fml 文) use (esp public funds) wrongly 误用, 滥用（尤指公款）: * misapplied (ie wasted) efforts, talents 浪费的精力、 才干. 派生： misapplication[7misApli'keiFn; 7misAplE'keFEn] n [U, C] wrong or unjust use of sth 误用; 滥用.

misapprehend
[7misApri5hend; 7misApri5hend] v [Tn] (fml 文) understand (words or a person) wrongly 误解（词语）; 误会（某人）的意思. 派生： misapprehension[7misApri5henFn; 7misApri5henFEn] n (idm 习语) under a misappre`hension not understanding correctly 在误解的情况下: * I thought you wanted to see me but I was clearly under a complete misapprehension. 我以为你想见我, 显然完全是我误解了.

misappropriate
[7misE'prEuprieit; 7misE'propri7et] v [Tn] take (sb else's money) wrongly, esp for one's own use 误用, 滥用, 盗用（他人的钱财）: * The treasurer misappropriated the society's funds. 那会计盗用了协会的基金. > misappropriation[7misE7prEupri5eiFn; 7misE7propri5eFEn] n [U].

misbegotten
[7misbi'gCtn; 7misbi'gatn] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] 1 badly planned; ill-advised 计画得不好的; 考虑不周的: * ,misbegotten `schemes, i`deas, `notions, etc 拙劣的计画、 想法、 主意等. 2 (a) (dated 旧) illegitimate; bastard 不合法的; 私生的. (b) (of a person) contemptible （指人）可鄙的.

misbehave
[7misbi'heiv; 7misbi'hev] v [I, Tn] ~ (oneself) behave badly or improperly 行为不端; 举止不当. > misbehaviour (US misbehavior)[7misbi-'heiviE(r); 7misbi'hevjl] n [U].

misc
abbr 缩写 = miscellaneous.

miscalculate
[7mis'kAlkjuleit; mis'kAlkjE7let] v [I, Tn, Tw] calculate (amounts, distances, measurements, etc) wrongly 误算（数量、 距离、 量度数等）: * There's too much meat. I must have miscalculated the amount/how much I needed. 肉多了. 准是我算错需要的量了. > miscalculation[7miskAlkju'leiFn; 7miskAlkjE'leFEn] n [C, U]: * I made a slight miscalculation. 我的计算有点错误.

miscarriage
[7mis'kAridV, 'miskAridV; mis'kAridV] n 1 (a) [U] spontaneous, premature loss of a foetus from the womb 流产; 小产. (b) [C] instance of this 流产; 小产: * have/suffer a miscarriage 流产. Cf 参看 abortion 1. 2 (a) [U, C] (commerce 商) (instance of) failure to arrive at, or deliver goods to, the right destination （货物的）误送, 误投, 误交: * miscarriage of goods, freight, letters, etc 商品、 货物、 信件等的误送. (b) [U, C] failure of a plan, etc （计画等的）失败: * the miscarriage of one's hopes, schemes, etc 希望、 规画等的落空. 复合： miscarriage of `justice (law 律) failure of a court to administer justice properly 审判不公; 误审; 误判: Sending an innocent man to prison is a clear miscarriage of justice. 把无辜的人投入监狱显然是审判不公.

miscarry
[7mis'kAri; mis'kAri] v (pt, pp -ried) [I] 1 (of a pregnant woman) have a miscarriage （指孕妇）流产, 小产. 2 (of plans, etc) fail; have a result different from what was hoped for （指计画等）失败, 未达预期结果. 3 (of goods, letters, etc) fail to reach the right destination （指货物、 信件等）误送, 误投, 误交.

miscast
[7mis'ka:st; - -'kAst; mis'kAst] v (pt, pp miscast) 1 [usu passive 通常用於被动语态: * Tn, Cn.n/a] ~ sb (as sb/sth) give (an actor, etc) a role for which he is not suitable 使（演员等）扮演不适合的角色: * The young actor was badly miscast as Lear/in the role of Lear. 那个年轻演员扮演李尔王, 这一角色安排很不合适. 2 [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] allocate the parts in (a play, etc) unsuitably 分派（戏剧等）的角色不当: * The film was thoroughly miscast. 这部电影的角色分配完全失当.

miscegenation
[7misidVi'neiFn; 7misidVE'neFEn] n [U] mixture of races; production of offspring by two people of different (esp white and non-white) races 人种混杂; 异族（尤指白人与非白人）结合生育子女.

miscellaneous
[7misE'leiniEs; 7misl'eniEs] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] 1 of various kinds 各种各样的; 不同种类的: * miscellaneous items, goods, expenses 杂项、 杂货、 杂费. 2 of mixed composition or character 不同成分的; 性质混杂的: * a miscellaneous collection, assortment,selection, etc 多种多样的 集、 混杂、 精选等 * Milton's miscellaneous prose works, eg essays, tracts, etc 弥尔顿散文集锦.

miscellany
[mi'selEni; - 'misEleini; 5misl7eni] n ~ (of sth) 1 varied collection of items 杂集: * The show was a miscellany of song and dance. 那场演出是又有歌曲又有舞蹈的混合表演. 2 book containing a collection of writings, esp by different authors about different subjects 文集; （尤指不同作家不同作品的）杂集, 文选集.

mischance
[7mis'tFa:ns; - -'tFAns; mis'tFAns] n [C, U] (fml 文) (piece of) bad luck 不幸; 坏运气: * a series of mischances 一连串的不幸 * I lost your file by pure mischance. 我把你的文件弄没了, 纯粹是碰上的倒霉事.

mischief
[5mistFif; 5mistFif] n 1 [U] behaviour (esp of children) that is annoying or does slight damage, but is not malicious (used esp as in the expressions shown) 恶作剧, 捣蛋, 顽皮, 淘气（尤用於以下示例）: * act out of mischief 调皮的举动 * Those girls are fond of mischief, ie of playing tricks, etc. 那些女孩儿爱淘气. * Tell the children to keep out of mischief. 告诉那些孩子别胡闹. * He's up to (ie planning) some mischief again! 他又在琢磨使坏呢! * She's always getting into mischief. 她总是要搞点恶作剧. 2 [C] person who is fond of mischief 调皮捣蛋的人: * Where have you hidden my book, you little mischief? 你这个小淘气, 把我的书藏到哪里去了? 3 [U] tendency to tease or annoy playfully 淘气; 顽皮: * There was mischief in her eyes. 她眼中流露出调皮的神情. * The kittens were full of mischief. 这些小猫很顽皮. 4 [U] moral harm or injury, esp caused by a person 道德上的损害或伤害（尤指人为的）: * His malicious gossip caused much mischief until the truth became known. 他散布流言蜚语危害很大, 事後才真相大白. 5 (idm 习语) ,do sb/oneself a `mischief (infml or joc 口或谑) hurt sb/oneself physically （肉体上）伤害某人[自己]: * You could do yourself a mischief on that barbed-wire fence! 别碰那道铁丝网, 能钩伤你的! make `mischief do or say sth to upset, annoy or provoke others 说出气人的或招惹人的话; 做出这种事: * Don't let her make mischief between you she's only jealous. 别让她在你们之间挑拨--她就是太忌妒了. mean mischief => mean1. 复合： `mischief-maker n person who deliberately causes trouble or discord 惹是非者; 制造不和者. `mischief-making n [U].

mischievous
[5mistFivEs; 5mistFivEs] adj 1 (of a person) filled with, fond of or engaged in mischief （指人）顽皮的, 爱胡闹的, 淘气的: * He's as mischievous as a monkey! 他像猴子那麽顽皮! 2 (of behaviour) showing a spirit of mischief （指行为）恶作剧的, 捣乱的: * a mischievous look, smile, trick 调皮的样子、 微笑、 花招. 3 (fml 文) (of a thing) causing harm or damage（指事物）造成伤害或破坏的: * a mischievous letter, rumour 恶意中伤的信、 谣言. > mischievously adv. mischievousness n [U].

miscible
[5misEbl; 5misEbl] adj ~ (with sth) (fml 文) (of liquids) that can be mixed （指液体）可混和的: * Oil and water are not miscible. 油和水不能混和.

misconceive
[7miskEn5si:v; 7miskEn5siv] v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (fml 文) have a wrong idea or understanding of (sth) 对（某事）有错误观念; 误解（某事）: * The housing needs of our inner cities have been misconceived from the start. 我们旧城区的住房需求一开始就受到误解. > misconception[7miskEn5sepFn;7miskEn5sepFEn] n [U, C]: * dispel misconceptions 消除误解 * It is a popular misconception (ie Many people wrongly believe) that all Scotsmen are mean. 很多人误以为苏格兰人都很小气. Cf 参看 preconception.

misconduct
[7mis'kCndQkt; mis'kandQkt] n [U] (fml 文) 1 (esp law 尤用於法律) improper behaviour, esp of a sexual or professional kind 不端行为（尤指性关系或职业方面）: * guilty of grave/serious misconduct 有重大的[严重的]行为不端罪 * She sued for divorce on the grounds of her husband's alleged misconduct with his secretary. 她以其夫与秘书有染为由提起离婚诉讼. 2 bad management; professional negligence 管理或处理不善; 疏忽职守: * misconduct of the company's affairs 对公司事务管理不善. 派生： misconduct[7miskEn5dQkt; 7miskEn5dQkt] v (fml 文) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ oneself (with sb) behave improperly, esp with a member of the opposite sex 行为不检（尤指与异性）. 2 [Tn] manage (sth) badly 管理或处理（某事物）不当.

misconstruction
[7miskEn5strQkFn; 7miskEn5strQkFEn] n [C, U] (fml 文) (instance of) false or inaccurate interpretation or understanding 曲解; 误解: * What you say is open to misconstruction, ie could easily bemisunderstood. 你的话易遭曲解. * It is possible to place/put a misconstruction on these words, ie assume them to mean what they do not. 这些词语有可能引起误解.

misconstrue
[7miskEn5stru:; 7miskEn5stru] v [Tn, Tw] (fml 文) get a wrong idea of or misinterpret (sb's words, acts, etc) 误解, 误会（某人的话、 行为等）: * You have completely misconstrued me/my words/what I said. 你完全误解了我[我的话/我的意思]了.

miscount
[7mis'kaunt; mis'kaunt] v [I, Tn] count (sth) wrongly 算错, 数错（某物）: * We've got too many chairs I must have miscounted. 我们的椅子太多了--一定是我算错了. 派生： miscount[5miskaunt; 5mis7kaunt] n wrong count, esp of votes at an election 计算错误; （尤指选票的）误计, 数错, 算错.

miscreant
[5miskriEnt; 5miskriEnt] n (dated 旧) villain; wrongdoer 歹徒; 恶棍; 坏人.

misdate
[7mis'deit; mis'det] v [Tn] 1 give a wrong date to (an event, etc) 将（事情等）日期弄错. 2 write a wrong date on (a letter, cheque, etc) 在（信、 支票等）上写错日期.

misdeal
[7mis'di:l; mis'dil] v (pt, pp misdealt[-'delt;-'delt] ) [I, Tn] deal (playing-cards) wrongly 发错（纸牌）. 派生： misdeal n error in dealing cards; hand of cards wrongly dealt 发牌错误: I've got 14 cards; it's a misdeal! 我得了14张牌, 发错了!

misdeed
[7mis'di:d; mis'did] n (usu pl 通常作复数) (fml 文) wicked act; crime 恶行; 罪行: * punished for one's many misdeeds 因多行不义受惩罚.

misdemeanour
(US misdemeanor)[7misdi'mi:nE(r); 7misdi'minl] n 1 (infml or joc 口或谑) minor wrongdoing; misdeed 程度轻的恶行; 罪行: * petty misdemeanours 越轨. 2 (law 律) (formerly, in Britain) punishable offence less serious than a felony （旧时, 英国）轻罪, 小罪.

misdirect
[7misdi'rekt, -dai'rekt; 7misdE'rekt, -dai'rekt] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (to sth) instruct sb to go or send sth to the wrong place 给某人指错方向; 将某物送错地方: * misdirect sb to the bus station instead of the coach station 错将公共汽车站当作长途汽车站指示给某人 * The letter was misdirected to our old address. 那信误投到我们原来的地址了. 2 [Tn esp passive ] use (sth) in a wrong or pointless way 误用, 滥用（某物）: * misdirected energies, abilities, etc 使用不当的精力、 能力等 * misdirected (ie undeserved) criticism, sarcasm, etc 不应受到的批评、 讽刺等 * Your talents are misdirected study music, not maths! 你的才能没有发挥出来--应该学音乐, 不应该学数学! 3 [Tn] (law 律) (of a judge in a lawcourt) give (the jury) wrong information on a point of law （指法官）给（陪审团）错误的指示. > misdirection/ 9mIsdI5rekFn, -daI5rek-; 9mIsdE`rZkFEn, -daI`rZk-] n [U].

misdoing
[7mis'du:iN; mis'duiN] n (usu pl 通常作复数) (fml 文) wicked act; misdeed 恶行; 罪行.

mise
en-scene

miser
[5maizE(r); 5maizl] n person who loves wealth for its own sake and spends as little as possible 守财奴; 吝啬鬼: * (infml fig口, 比喻) Why don't you buy me a drink for a change, you old miser! 你就不能也请我喝一杯, 你这老财迷! 派生： miserly adj (derog 贬) 1 like a miser; mean or selfish 似守财奴的; 吝啬的; 自私的: miserly habits 吝啬的习性. 2 barely adequate; meagre 贫乏的; 不足的: a miserly allowance, share, portion, etc 少得可怜的津贴、 一份、 一部分等. miserliness n [U].

miserable
[5mizrEbl; 5mizrEbl] adj 1 very unhappy or uncomfortable; wretched 悲惨的; 难受的; 不幸的; 可怜的: * miserable from cold and hunger 饥寒交迫 * Refugees everywhere lead miserable lives. 各地难民过着凄惨的生活. * He makes her life miserable, eg by his cruelty, selfishness, etc. 他使她的生活十分痛苦. * Don't look so miserable! 别这麽愁眉苦脸的! 2 causing unhappiness or discomfort; unpleasant 造成不幸或痛苦的; 令人不快的: * miserable (eg cold and wet) weather 令人难受的天气 * a miserable afternoon 使人不快的下午 * live in miserable conditions 在困苦的环境中生活. 3 poor in quality or quantity; too small or meagre 低劣的; 贫乏的; 小得或少得可怜的: * What a miserable meal that was! 那顿饭真差劲! * How can I keep a family on such a miserable wage? 我怎麽能靠这麽可怜的工资养家? 4 [attrib 作定语] mean; contemptible 卑鄙的; 可耻的: * What a miserable old devil Scrooge was! 斯克鲁奇是多麽可恶的吝啬鬼呀! * The plan was a miserable failure. 那计画遭到狼狈不堪的失败. 5 (idm 习语) miserable/ugly as sin => sin. > miserably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv: * die miserably 悲惨地死去 * a miserably wet day 令人不快的雨天 * be miserably poor 穷得可怜 * We failed miserably to agree. 我们不幸未能达成一致意见.

misery
[5mizEri; 5mizEri] n 1 [U] great suffering or discomfort (of mind or body) （精神或肉体的）痛苦, 难受: * suffer the misery of toothache 受牙痛之苦 * living in misery and want, ie in wretched conditions and poverty 在穷困中生活 * lead a life of misery 过悲惨的生活. 2[C usu pl 通常作复数] painful happening; great misfortune痛苦的事; 大不幸: * the miseries of unemployment 失业的痛苦. 3 [C] (Brit infml 口) person who is always miserable and complaining 总发牢骚不痛快的人: * It's no fun being with you, you old misery! 你老发牢骚, 跟你在一起真没意思! 4 (idm 习语) make sb's life a misery => life. put sb out of his `misery (a) end sb's sufferings by killing him 杀死某人以结束其痛苦; 让某人一死百了. (b) (joc 谑) end sb's anxiety or suspense 使某人不再担忧或疑虑: * Put me out of my misery tell me if I've passed or not! 你就别让我受罪了--告诉我我及格不及格! put an animal, bird, etc out of its `misery end the suffering of an animal, etc by killing it 杀死某动物以结束其痛苦.

misfire
[7mis'faiE(r); mis'fair] v 1 [I] (of a gun, rocket, etc) fail to go off correctly （指枪炮、 火箭等）误发, 走火, 不发火, 射不出. 2 [I, Ipr] (of an engine, etc) fail to start or function properly （指发动机等）不能正常发动或工作: * The engine is misfiring badly on one cylinder. 发动机有一个汽缸严重失灵. 3 [I] (fig infml比喻, 口) fail to have the desired effect 未得到预期的结果; 未能奏效: * The joke misfired completely. 这个笑话讲得完全不成功. Cf 参看 backfire (back3). > misfire n.

misfit
[5misfit; 5mis7fit] n 1 person not well suited to his work or his surroundings 不适应工作或环境的人: * a social misfit 与社会格格不入的人 * He always felt a bit of a misfit in the business world. 他总觉得自己在商业界有些不适应. 2 article of clothing which does not fit well 不合身的衣着.

misfortune
[7mis'fC:tFu:n; mis'fCrtFEn] n 1 [U] bad luck 不幸; 厄运: * suffer great misfortune 遭到极大不幸 * companions in misfortune 难友 * Misfortune struck early in the voyage. 起航之後即遭不测. * They had the misfortune to be hit by a violent storm. 他们不幸遇上了猛烈的风暴. 2 [C] instance of this; unfortunate condition, accident or event 不幸事故; 灾难; 灾祸: * She bore her misfortunes bravely. 她勇敢地忍受着苦难.

misgiving
[7mis'giviN; mis'giviN] n [U, C esp pl 作不可数名词或可数名词, 後者尤作复数] (fml 文) (feeling of) doubt, worry, suspicion or distrust 疑虑; 担忧; 顾虑: * a heart/mind full of misgiving(s) 心中疑虑丛生 * I have serious misgivings about taking the job. 我对是否接受那份工作顾虑重重.

misgovern
[7mis'gQvn; mis'gQvln] v [Tn] govern (a country, etc) badly or unjustly 治理（国家等）不当. > misgovernment n [U].

misguided
[7mis'gaidid; mis'gaidid] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (fml 文) 1 (led by sb/sth to be) mistaken in one's opinions, thoughts, etc 受意见、 想法等错误引导的: * His untidy clothes give one a misguided impression of him. 他衣冠不整往往给人一种假象. 2 wrong or foolish in one's actions (because of bad judgement) （因判断力差）举措失当的或愚蠢的: * misguided zeal, energy, ability, etc 未用於正途的热情、 精力、 能力等 * The thief made a misguided attempt to rob a policewoman. 那个贼不识好歹竟要抢劫一个女警察. > misguidedly adv.

mishandle
[7mis'hAndl; mis'hAndl] v [Tn] 1 handle or treat (sb/sth) roughly 粗暴处理或对待（某人[某物]）; 虐待: * damage (eg to a parcel) caused by mishandling胡乱处理造成的损坏（如对包裹） * A sensitive child should not be mishandled. 对敏感的儿童不应粗暴. 2 (fig 比喻) deal with (sth) wrongly or inefficiently 处理（某事）不当或不力: * mishandle a situation, an affair, a business deal, etc 处理一局势、 事务、 生意等不力 * He mishandled the meeting badly and lost the vote. 他没有主持好会议, 结果落选.

mishap
[5mishAp; 5mis7hAp] n (a) [C] unlucky accident(usu not serious) 不幸事故（通常不严重）: * arrive home after many mishaps 历经种种不幸後回到家中 * We had a slight mishap with the car, eg a puncture. 我们的汽车出了点小事儿（如轮胎扎破）. (b) [U] bad luck 坏运气; 不幸: * Our journey ended without (further) mishap. 我们的旅程（後来）一路平安.

mishear
[7mis'hiE(r); 7mis'hir] v (pt, pp misheard[- 5h\:d; -`h[d/) [Tn, Tw] hear (sb/sth) incorrectly 听错（某人）的话; 听错（某事）: * Was she asking for a lift? I must have misheard her/what she was saying. 她是要求搭便车吗? 我一定是听错[她的话]了.

mishit
[7mis'hit; 7mis'hit] v (-tt-, pt, pp mishit) [Tn] (in cricket, golf, etc) hit (the ball) badly or in a faulty way （板球、 高尔夫球等）击（球）不佳或犯规. 派生： mishit[5mishit; 5mis7hit] n bad or faulty hit 不佳的或犯规的一击.

mishmash
[5miFmAF; 5miF7mAF] n [sing] ~ (of sth) (infml derog 口, 贬) confused mixture 杂乱的一堆; 混杂: * not a proper plan, just a mishmash of vague ideas 不是像样的计画, 仅是一些含混的想法.

misinform
[7misin'fC:m; 7misin'fCrm] v [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: * Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (about sth) (fml 文) give wrong information to sb; mislead sb intentionally or unintentionally 向某人提供错误信息; 有意或无意地错误引导某人: * I regret to say you have been misinformed (about that). 很遗憾, （关於那事）你听到的情况不确. > misinformation[7misinfE'meiFn; 7misinfl'meFEn] n [U]. Cf 参看 disinformation.

misinterpret
[7misin'tE:prit; 7misin'tEprit] v [Tn, Tw]interpret (sb/sth) wrongly; make a wrong inference from(sth) 误解（某人[某事]）; 误译; 误以为: * misinterpret sb's remarks/what sb says 误解某人的话[某人的意思] * He misinterpreted her silence as indicating agreement. 他误以为她的沉默就是同意. > misinterpretation/ 9mIsInt\:prI5teIFn; 9mIsIn9t[prI`teFEn/ n [U, C]: * comments,actions, views, etc open to misinterpretation, ie likely to be misinterpreted 易引起误解的评论、 行为、 观点等.

misjudge
[7mis'dVQdV; mis'dVQdV] v [Tn, Tw] 1 form a wrong opinion of (sb/sth) 形成对（某人[某事物]）的错误概念: * I'm sorry I misjudged you/your motives. 对不起, 我误会你[你的动机]了. 2 estimate (eg time, distance, quantity) wrongly 错误估计（如时间、 距离、 数量）: * I misjudged how wide the stream was and fell in. 我对小河的宽度估计错误, 结果掉进河里了. > misjudgement(also misjudgment) n [U, C].

mislay
[7mis'lei; mis'le] v (pt, pp mislaid[-'leid; -'led] ) [Tn] (often euph 常作委婉语) put (sth) where it cannot easily be found; lose (sth), usu for a short time only 将（某物）放错地方（难以找到）; 遗失（某物）（尤指一时）: * I seem to have mislaid my passport have you seen it? 我好像把护照放在什麽地方找不到了--你看见了吗?

mislead
[7mis'li:d; mis'lid] v (pt, pp misled[-'led;-'led] ) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (about/as to sth) cause sb to have a wrong idea or impression about sb/sth 使某人对他人[某事物]产生错误想法或印象: * You misled me as to your intentions. 你误使我对你的意图信以为真. 2 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (a) lead or guide (sb) in the wrong direction 给（某人）领错路, 引错方向: * We were misled by the guide. 向导给我们引错了路. (b) (fig 比喻) lead or guide (sb) into wrong behaviour or beliefs 将（某人）引入歧途: * misled by bad companions 被损友带坏. 3 (phr v) mislead sb into doing sth cause sb to do sth by deceiving him 骗某人做某事: * He misled me into thinking he was rich. 他使我误以为他很有钱. 派生： misleading adj giving wrong ideas, etc; deceptive使人误解的; 欺骗的: misleading comments, advertisements, instructions 使人产生误解的评论、 广告、 指令. misleadingly adv.

mismanage
[7mis'mAnidV; mis'mAnidV] v [Tn] manage (sth) badly or wrongly 处理或管理（某事物）不善或失当: * mismanage one's business affairs, finances, accounts, etc 管理商务、 财务、 帐目不当 * The company had been mismanaged for years. 那公司多年经营不善. > mismanagement n [U].

mismatch
[7mis'mAtF; 7mis'mAtF] v [Tn usu passive通常用於被动语态 ] match (people or things) wrongly or unsuitably 将（人或物）配合错, 配合不当: * mismatching colours 不协调的颜色 * The two players were badly mismatched, eg one was much better than the other. 这两个选手实力悬殊. 派生： mismatch[5mismAtF; 5mis7mAtF] n act or result of mismatching 配错; 不相匹配; 不协调; 配合不当: * Their marriage was a mismatch they had little in common. 他们的婚姻不般配--两人几无共同之处.

misname
[7mis'neim; mis'nem] v [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] call (sb/sth) by a wrong or an unsuitable name 叫错, 误称（某人[某事物]）; 给（某人[某事物]）取错名; 姓或名不当: * That tall man is misnamed Mr Short! 那个高个儿男子偏偏姓Short（矮小之意）!

misnomer
[7mis'nEumE(r); mis'noml] n wrong use of a name, word or description 错用名称; 用词错误; 描述失当: * `First-class hotel' was a complete misnomer for the tumbledown farmhouse we stayed in. 把我们住的那个摇摇欲坠的村舍称作‘一流旅馆’, 纯粹是乱用词语.

misogynist
[mi'sCdVinist; mi'sadVEnist] n person who hates women 厌恶女人的人. > misogyny n [U].

misplace
[7mis'pleis; mis'ples] v (fml 文) [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] 1 put (sth) in the wrong place 将（某物）放错地方: * I've misplaced my glasses they're not in my bag. 我把眼镜放错地方了--没在我的包里. 2 give (love, affection, etc) wrongly or unwisely 错误地或愚 地付出（爱情、 情感等）: * misplaced admiration, trust, confidence, etc 不应有的崇拜、 信任、 信心等. 3 use (words or actions) unsuitably 用词或行事不当: * If you think deafness is funny, you've got a very misplaced sense of humour. 假若认为耳聋有趣, 这种幽默感十分不当.

misprint
[7mis'print; mis'print] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (as sth) make an error in printing sth 印错或错印某物: * They misprinted John as Jhon. 他们把John印成Jhon了. 派生： misprint[5misprint; 5mis7print] n error in printing 印刷错误: * Jhon is a misprint for John. Jhon是John一字的印刷错误.

mispronounce
[7misprE'nauns; 7misprE'nauns] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (as sth) pronounce (words or letters) wrongly 念错（字或字母）; 发错（字或字母）的音: * She mispronounced `ship' as `sheep'. 她把ship（船）念成sheep（羊）了. > mispronunciation[7misprE7nQnsi'eiFn;7misprE7nQnsi'eFEn] n [U, C].

misquote
[7mis'kwEut; mis'kwot] v [Tn, Tw] quote (sth written or spoken) wrongly, either intentionally or unintentionally （有意或无意地）错误引证（书面或口头的资料）: * misquote a price, figure, etc 引据价格、 数字等有误 * He is frequently misquoted in the press. 新闻界常常错误地引证他的话. * You misquoted me/what I said.你引用的不是我的原话. > misquotation[7miskwEu-'teiFn; 7miskwo'teFEn] n [C, U]: * misquotations from Shakespeare 引述莎士比亚作品而出现的错误.

misread
[7mis'ri:d; mis'rid] v (pt, pp misread[-'red;-'red] ) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tw] ~ sth (as sth) read sth wrongly 读错, 看错（某文字材料）: * I misread the instructions/what the instructions said. 我把说明书看错了. * He misread `the last train' as `the fast train'. 他把‘末班车’误读成‘快车’了. 2 [Tn] interpret (sb/sth) wrongly 误解（某人[某事]）: * His tactlessness showed that he had completely misread the situation. 他不能随机应变, 这表明他对情势完全误解了. > misreading n [C, U]: * a misreading of the gas meter 看错煤气表的数字.

misrepresent
[7mis7repri5zent; 7misrepri5zent] v [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: * Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (as sb/sth) represent (sb/sth) wrongly; give a false account of sb/sth 表述（某人[某事物]）失实; 歪曲（某人[某事物]）: * She was misrepresented in the press as (being) a militant. 新闻界把她歪曲为激进分子. >misrepresentation[7mis7reprizen'teiFn; 7misreprizen-'teFEn] n [C, U]: * a gross misrepresentation of the facts 对事实的严重歪曲.

misrule
[7mis'ru:l; mis'rul] n [U] bad government; disorder or confusion 施政恶劣; 混乱; 无政府状态: * The country suffered years of misrule under a weak king. 该国因国王懦弱而长期混乱不治.

miss
1[mis; mis] n 1 failure to hit, catch or reach sth aimed at 未击中; 未抓住; 未达到目标: * score ten hits and one miss 共计击中十次, 未击中一次 * The ball's gone right past him that was a bad miss, ie one he ought to have stopped, caught, etc. 那球就在他旁边经过--这一失误太不应该. 2 (idm 习语) give sb/sth a `miss (infml 口) (a) omit sb/sth 略去、 省掉或排除某人[某事物]: * I think I'll give the fish course a miss. 我就不要鱼那道菜了吧. (b) not do sth, not go somewhere, not see sb, etc as one is in the habit of doing （与往常相反）不做某事、 不去某处、 不见某人等: * give yoga, the cinema, my boy-friend a miss tonight 今晚权且不练瑜伽、 不看电影、 不见男朋友. a ,miss is as ,good as a `mile (saying 谚) (a) an escape by a narrow margin (from danger, defeat, etc) is just as successful as an escape by a wide margin 九死一生总是生. (b) a failure by a narrow margin (to achieve success, etc) is just as disappointing as a failure by a wide margin 功败垂成终是败. a near miss => near1.

missal
[5misl; 5misl] n book containing the prayers, etc for Mass throughout the year in the Roman Catholic Church （天主教的）弥撒书.

misshapen
[7mis'FeipEn; mis'FepEn] adj (esp of the body or a limb) badly shaped; deformed （尤指身躯或肢体）畸形的.

mission
[5miFn; 5miFEn] n 1 (work done by a) group of people sent abroad, esp on political or commercial business 派往国外（尤指从事政治的或商务的）团体（的任务）; （外交）使命团; （商业）代表团 * : * a British trade mission to China 英国派往中国的商务代表团 * go/come/send sb on a mission of inquiry 去[来/派某人]执行调查任务 * The delegation completed its mission successfully. 代表团圆满地完成了任务. 2 (a) (work done by a) group of religious teachers sent to convert people （被派作传教活动的）布道团; 传教; 布道: * a Catholic, Methodist, etc mission in Africa 天主教、 循道宗信徒等在非洲的传教活动. (b) building or settlement where the work of such a mission is done, esp among poor people 布道的处所（尤指贫民居住区的）: * The doctor works at the mission. 那医生在贫民教区工作. * [attrib 作定语] a mission station, school, hospital, etc 布道所、 教会学校、 教会医院等. 3 (a) particular task or duty undertaken by an individual or a group （个人或集团担负的）特殊任务, 使命: * a top-secret mission 绝密使命 * My mission in life is to help poor people. 我的天职是帮助穷人. (b) such a task or duty performed by an individual or a unit of the armed forces （部队个人或单位的）特别任务, 使命: * The squadron flew a reconnaissancemission. 该空军中队执行一侦察任务. * [attrib 作定语] mission control, headquarters, etc 特别任务指挥中心、 总指挥部等.

missionary
[5miFEnri; - -neri; 5miFEn7eri] n person sent to preach usu the Christian religion, esp amongpeople who are ignorant of it 传教士: * Catholic, Anglican, etc missionaries 天主教、 圣公会等传教士 * [attrib 作定语] speak with missionary zeal, ie great enthusiasm and commitment 以传教士般的热心讲话.

missis
= missus.

missive
[5misiv; 5misiv] n (fml or joc 文或谑) letter, esp a long or official one 信件; （尤指）长信, 公函.

misspell
[7mis'spel; mis'spel] v (pt, pp misspelled or misspelt[-'spelt; -'spelt] ) [Tn] spell (sth) wrongly 拼写错（某字）. =>Usage at dream2 用法见dream2. > misspelling n [U, C].

misspend
[7mis'spend; mis'spend] v (pt, pp misspent[-'spent; -'spent] ) [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态, Tn.pr] ~ sth (on sb/sth) spend or use (money, time, etc) wrongly, foolishly or wastefully 滥用, 浪费, 虚掷（金钱、 光阴等）: * ,misspent `energy, `talent, en`thusiasm, etc 浪费精力、 才能、 热情等 * a ,misspent `youth, ie one wasted on foolish pleasures 虚度的青春.

misstate
[7mis'steit; mis'stet] v [Tn] (fml 文) state (facts, etc) wrongly 错误地叙述（事实等）: * Be careful not to misstate your case. 小心别把你的情况讲错了. > misstatement n: * I wish to correct my earlier misstatement. 我想更正我先前的不实之词.

missus
(also missis)[5misiz; 5misEz] n 1 (infml or joc 口或谑) (used esp by uneducated speakers; with the, my, your, his未受过教育的人尤多用; 并与the、 my、 your、 his连用) wife 妻子; 老婆: * How's the missus (ie your wife)? 你老婆好吗? * My missis hates me smoking indoors. 我老婆讨厌我在屋里抽烟. 2 (sl 俚) (used as a form of address to a woman 用作对女子的称呼): * Are these your kids, missis? 太太, 这些孩子是你的吗?

missy
[5misi; 5misi] n (dated infml 旧, 口) (used as a polite or affectionate form of address to a young girl 用作对少女客气的或亲 的称呼): * Well, missy, what do you want? 喂, 小姐, 你要什麽?

mist
[mist; mist] n 1 (a) [U, C] cloud of minute drops of water vapour hanging just above the ground, less thick than fog but still difficult to see through 薄雾; 雾霭; 雾气: * hills hidden/shrouded in mist 雾霭笼罩着的小山 * early morning mists in autumn 秋日清晨的薄雾 * [attrib 作定语] mist patches on the motorway 高速公路上阵阵的雾. (b) [C usu pl 通常作复数] (fig 比喻) thing that is difficult to penetrate 难以透彻了解的事物: * dispel the mists of ignorance 驱散愚昧的迷雾 * lost in the mists of time 湮没在时间的迷雾中. =>Usage at fog 用法见fog. 2 [U] water vapour condensed on a cold surface, eg a window, mirror, etc making it look cloudy （凝结於物体表面的）水蒸气, 水汽, 水雾. 3 [sing] dimness or blurring of the sight 视线模糊不清: * She saw his face through a mist of tears. 她泪眼朦胧地望着他的脸. 4 [U] fine spray of liquid, eg from an aerosol 液体细雾（如喷雾器喷出的）: * A mist of perfume hung in the air. 空气中飘溢着香水的雾气. 派生： mist v 1 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) be covered with mist or as if with mist （使某物）蒙上薄雾, 似被薄雾笼罩: His eyes (were) misted with tears. 他泪眼模糊了. * mist the plants, ie with an aerosol of water 给植物喷水. 2 (phr v) ,mist `over become covered with mist 蒙上薄雾: The scene misted over. 薄雾遮住了风景. * When I drink tea, my glasses mist over. 我喝茶时眼镜蒙上了一层水汽. * His eyes misted over. 他的眼睛模糊了. mist (sth) up cover or become covered by a film of water vapour 蒙上一层水蒸气: Our breath is misting up the car windows. 我们呼出的气渐渐给汽车的窗户上蒙上一层水蒸气. misty adj (-ier, -iest) 1 full of or covered with mist 充满雾气的; 薄雾笼罩的: a misty morning 薄雾笼罩的早晨 * misty weather 雾天 * a misty view 雾景. 2 (fig 比喻) not clear; blurred or indistinct 不清楚的; 朦胧的; 模糊的mistake /// 1/mi'steik; mE'stek] n 1 wrong idea or opinion; misconception 错误的想法或见解; 误解; 误会: * You can't arrest me! There must be some mistake! 你们不能逮捕我! 一定是弄错了! 2 thing done incorrectly through ignorance or wrong judgement; error 错误; 过失; 失策: * spelling mistakes 拼写错误 * learn by one's mistakes 从错误中汲取教训 * The waiter made a mistake over the bill. 服务员把帐算错了. * It was a big mistake to leave my umbrella at home. 我把雨伞留在家里失算得很. 3 (idm习语) by mi`stake as a result of carelessness, forgetfulness,etc; in error 错误地（因粗心、 遗忘等所致）: * I took your bag instead of mine by mistake. 我错拿了你的手提包, 还以为是我的呢. and ,no mi`stake (infml 口) without any doubt 毫无疑问; 的确: * It's hot today and no mistake! 今天确实很热! ,make no mi`stake (about sth) (infml 口) do not be misled into thinking otherwise 别误会; 别误解: * Susan seems very quiet, but make no mistake (about it), she has a terrible temper! 苏珊样子很文静, 可别产生误会, 她脾气坏极了! NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Mistake, error, blunder, fault and defect all refer to something done incorrectly or improperly. *mistake、 error、 blunder、 fault、 defect 都用以指没有做对或做得不妥的事物. Mistake is the most general, used of everyday situations *mistake词义最笼统, 可用於日常各种情况: Your essay is full of mistakes. 你的文章错误很多. * It was a mistake to go there on holiday. 跑到那儿度假真是失策. Error is more formal *error较文: an error in your calculations 你计算中出现的错误 * a technical error技术性错误. A blunder is a careless mistake, often unnecessary or resulting from misjudgement *blunder是粗心的错误, 常为不该有的或出於判断错误: I made a terrible blunder in introducing her to my husband. 我把她介绍给我的丈夫是犯了一个极大的错误. Fault emphasizes a person's responsibility for a mistake *fault侧重於造成错误的个人责任: The child broke the window, but it was his parents' fault for letting him play football indoors. 孩子把窗户打破了, 但是让他在屋里踢足球是他父母的过错. Fault can also indicate an imperfection in a person or thing *fault还可指人或物的缺点: He has many faults, but vanity is not one of them. 他有很多缺点, 但并没有虚荣心.

mistake1
* an electrical fault 电路的故障. A defect is more serious *defect指更为严重的缺陷: The new car had to be withdrawn from the market because of a mechanical defect. 那种新汽车因有机械缺陷只好撤出市场.

mister
[5mistE(r); 5mistl] n 1 (full form, rarely used in writing, of the abbreviation Mr *Mr之本字, 很少用於书写中). Cf 参看 Mr. 2 (sl 俚) (used as a form of address to a man, esp by children, tradespeople, etc 用作对男子的称呼, 尤为儿童、 商人等多用): * Please mister, can I have my ball back? 先生, 请把球还给我行吗? * Now listen to me, mister! 先生, 请听我说!

mistime
[7mis'taim; mis'taim] v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] say or do (sth) at a wrong or an unsuitable time 说或做（某事）非当其时, 不合时宜: * a mistimed remark, comment, etc 不合时宜的话、 评论等 * a mistimed shot, eg in golf 不适时的一击（如在打高尔夫球中） * The government's intervention was badly mistimed.政府干涉得太不是时候了.

mistletoe
[5misltEu; 5misl7to] n [U] evergreen plant with small white berries that grows as a parasite esp onapple trees and is hung indoors as a Christmas decoration槲寄生（常青植物, 尤寄生於苹果树, 结白色小浆果, 用作圣诞节室内悬挂的饰物）: * the tradition of kissing under the mistletoe 在槲寄生树下接吻的传统.

mistook
pt of mistake.

mistral
[5mistrEl, mi'stra:l; 5mistrEl, mis'tral] n the mistral [sing] strong cold dry N or NW wind that blows in S France, usu in winter 密史脱拉风（冬季法国南部的一种乾冷而强劲的北风或西北风）.

mistranslate
[7mistrAns'leit; 7mistrAns'let] v [I, Tn] translate (eg words) wrongly 误译; 译错（如词语）. > mistranslation[-'leiFn; -'leFEn] n [U, C].

mistreat
[7mis'tri:t; 7mis'trit] v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] treat (sb/sth) badly or unkindly 虐待（某人）; 糟蹋（某事物）: * I hate to see books being mistreated. 我看见人家糟蹋书籍就感到讨厌. > mistreatment n [U].

mistress
[5mistris; 5mistris] n 1 woman in a position of authority or control 有权位的女子; 女主人: * mistress of the situation 控制局面的女人 * She wants to be mistress of her own affairs, ie organize her own life. 她的事情她要自己作主. * (dated 旧) Is the mistress of the house in? (ie the female head of the household) 女主人在家吗? * (fig 比喻) Venice was called the `Mistress of the Adriatic'. 威尼斯曾别称‘亚得里亚海的门户’. Cf 参看 master1 1. 2 female owner of a dog or other animal （狗的或其他动物的）女主人. 3 (esp Brit) female school teacher （中小学的）女教师: * the `French mistress, ie teacher of French (but not necessarily a Frenchwoman) 法语（女）教师（不一定是法国人） * We've got a new `games mistress (ie one in charge of sport) this year. 今年我校新来了个女的体育教师. 4 woman having an illicit but regular sexual relationship, esp with a married man情妇: * have/keep a mistress 有情妇. Cf 参看 lover 1.5 (arch 古) woman loved and courted by a man; sweetheart （女）情人, 爱人: * O mistress mine! 噢, 我的爱人! 6 (idm 习语) be one's own master/mistress => master1.

mistrial
[7mis'traiEl; mis'traiEl] n (law 律) 1 trial that is invalid because of some error in the proceedings （因诉讼程序有误的）无效审判. 2 (US) trial in which the jury cannot agree on a verdict （因陪审团意见有分歧的）未决审判.

mistrust
[7mis'trQst; mis'trQst] v [Tn] 1 feel no confidence in (sb/sth) 不相信, 不信任（某人[某事物]）: * mistrust one's own judgement 不相信自己的判断. 2 be suspicious of (sb/sth) 怀疑（某人[某事物]）: * mistrust sb's motives 怀疑某人的动机. 派生： mistrust n [U, sing] (a) ~ (of sb/sth) 1 lack of confidence in sb/sth 不相信; 不信任. 2 suspicion of sb/sth 怀疑: She has a deep mistrust of anything new or strange. 她对任何新奇事物皆十分怀疑. mistrustful[-fl; -fl/ adj ~ (of sb/sth): be mistrustful of one's ability to make the right decision 怀疑自己能否作出正确决断. mistrustfully[-fEli; -fEli] adv.

misty
=> mist.

misunderstand
[7mis7QndE'stnd; 7misQndl'stAnd] v (pt, pp -stood[-'stud; -'stud] ) [Tn, Tw] interpret (instructions, messages, etc) incorrectly; form a wrong opinion of (sb/sth) 误会, 误解（指令、 信息等）; 对（某人[某事物]）看法有误: * Don't misunderstand me/what I'm trying to say. 别误解我[我要说的话]. * She had always felt misunderstood, ie that people did not appreciate her. 她总觉得别人对她有看法. 派生： misunderstanding n 1 [U, C] failure to understand rightly or correctly 误会; 误解: There must be some misunderstanding! 一定有误会了! 2 [C] minor disagreement or quarrel 不和; 争执: clear up (eg by discussion) a misunderstanding between colleagues 排解同事间的纷争 * We had a slight misunderstanding over the time. 我们在时间方面意见稍有分歧.

misuse
[7mis'ju:z; mis'juz] v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] 1 use (sth) in the wrong way or for the wrong purpose 误用, 滥用（某事物）: * misuse a word, expression, etc 误用一词、 词组等 * misuse public funds 滥用公共基金. 2 treat (sb/sth) badly 虐待, 苛待（某人）; 糟蹋（某事物）: * He felt misused by the company. 他觉得受到公司苛待. Cf 参看 abuse. 派生： misuse[7mis'ju:s; mis'jus] n [C, U] (instance of) wrong or incorrect use 误用; 滥用: * the misuse of power, authority, etc 滥用权力、 滥施权威.

mite
1[mait; mait] n 1 [C usu sing 通常作单数] very small or modest contribution or offering 菲薄的贡献或捐助: * offer a mite of comfort to sb 给某人一点儿安慰 * give one's mite to a good cause 对一事业竭尽绵薄. 2 [C] small child or animal (usu when treated as an object of sympathy) 小孩儿, 小动物（通常为寄予同情的对象）: * Poor little mite! 可怜的小家伙! 派生： a mite adv (infml 口) a little; somewhat 一点儿: This curry is a mite too hot for me! 这咖喱我觉得有点儿太辣了!

mitigate
[5mitigeit; 5mitE7get] v [Tn] (fml 文) make (sth) less severe, violent or painful; moderate 使（某事物）减轻, 和缓; 节制: * mitigate sb's suffering, anger, anxiety, etc 使某人少受苦、 息怒、 稍安等 * mitigate the severity of a punishment, sentence, etc 减轻惩罚、 刑期等 * mitigate the effects of inflation, eg by making credit easily obtainable 和缓通货膨胀的影响. 派生： mitigating adj [attrib 作定语] reducing the severity, violence or pain of sth; moderating 减轻的; 和缓的; 节制的: mitigating circumstances, ie those that partially excuse a mistake, crime, etc （可使错误、 罪行等）减轻的情节 * the mitigating effect of pain-killing drugs 镇痛药物的缓解作用. mitigation[7miti'geiFn; 7mitE'geFEn] n [U]: * say sth in mitigation of sb's faults, crimes, etc, ie to make them seem less serious 为减轻某人的过失、 罪行等说情.

mitre
(US miter)[5maitE(r); 5maitl] n 1 tall pointed head-dress worn by bishops and abbots on ceremonial occasions as a symbol of their office 主教冠（主教和男修道院院长行典礼时所戴, 为职位的象徵）. 2 (also `mitre-joint) corner joint esp of two pieces of wood with their ends evenly tapered so that together they form a right angle 斜接口, 斜榫（尤指两木相接成直角的）. 派生： mitre (US miter) v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] join (esp two pieces of wood) with a mitre-joint 斜接（尤指两木）: mitred corners 斜接角.

mitt
[mit; mit] n 1 = mitten. 2 (in baseball) large padded leather glove worn by the catcher 棒球手套. 3 (infml 口) boxing-glove 拳击手套. 4 (usu pl 通常作复数) (sl 俚) hand; fist 手; 拳: * Take your mitts off me! 别碰我!

mitten
[5mitn; 5mitn] n 1 (also mitt) type of glove covering four fingers together and the thumb separately 连指手套（四指相连与拇指分开者）. =>illus at glove 见glove插图. 2 covering for the back and palm of the hand only, leaving most of the thumb and fingers bare 露指手套.

mix
1[miks; miks] v 1 [Tn, Tn.p, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (up) (for sb/sth) make or prepare sth by putting substances, etc together so that they are no longer distinct 混合或搀和某物: * mix cement, mortar, etc 和水泥、 灰浆等 * mix cocktails, drinks, etc 兑鸡尾酒、 饮料等 * He mixed his guests a salad. 他给客人拌色拉. * She mixed a cheese sauce for the fish. 她调吃鱼用的奶酪沙司. * The chemist mixed (up) some medicine for me. 药剂师给我配了些药. 2 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ with sth/~ (together) be able to be combined; make a suitable combination 能相混合; 结合适当: * Oil and water don't mix. 油和水不能混合. * Oil won't mix with water. 油不能和水混合. * Pink and blue mix well together. 粉色和蓝色在一起很协调. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ A with B/~ A and B (together) combine one thing with another; blend things together 使一物与另一物混合; 拌和; 搀和: * mix the sugar with the flour 把糖与面粉和在一起 * (fig 比喻) Don't try to mix business with pleasure. 不要把正事和娱乐混在一起. * Don't mix your drinks (ie have different ones in close succession) at parties! 在宴会上别接连喝不同种类的酒! * If you mix red and yellow, you get orange. 把红色和黄色混在一起就是橙色. * Many women successfully mix marriage and a career. 很多妇女都能做到婚姻、 事业两不误. * Many races are mixed together in Brazil. 在巴西, 有多种民族杂居在一起. 3 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb/sth) (of people) come or be together socially （指人）相处, 交往: * He finds it hard to mix at parties. 他感到很难在聚会上与人攀谈. * In my job, I mix with all sorts of people. 我在工作中常和各种人打交道. 4 (idm 习语) be/get mixed `up in sth (infml 口) be/become involved in or connected with sth 和某事物有牵连或有关联: * I don't want to be mixed up in the affair. 我不想牵连到这件事情中去. be/get mixed `up with sb (infml 口) be/become associated with sb

mix1
(esp sb disreputable) 与某人（尤指名誉不佳者）来往, 混: * Don't get mixed up with him -- he's a crook! 别跟他 混--他是个无赖! mix it (with sb); US mix it up (with sb) (sl 俚) start a quarrel or a fight 吵嘴; 打架: * Don't try mixing it with me -- I've got a gun! 别想跟我打架--我可有枪! 5 (phr v) mix sth in (esp in cooking) combine one ingredient with another （尤指烹饪时）和入, 搀进: * Mix the eggs in slowly. 把鸡蛋慢慢搀入其中. * Mix in the butter when melted. 黄油化了再搀进去. mix sth into sth (a) add (another ingredient) to sth and combine the two 将（另一成分）加进某物中混匀: * mix the yeast into the flour 往面粉里加酵母後和匀. (b) make sth by blending (one or more ingredients) 混合（某成分）做某物: * mix the flour and water into a smooth paste 把水和面和成光滑的面团. mix sb up (about/over sth) cause sb to become confused 把某人弄糊涂: * Now you've mixed me up completely! 你可把我完全弄糊涂了! mix sb/sth up (with sb/sth) confuse sb/sth with sb/sth else; be unable to distinguish between (people or things) 混淆某人[某事物]与他人[他事物]; 分辨不出（两人或两事物）: * You're always mixing me up with my twin sister! 你老是把我和我的挛生妹妹弄混了! * I got the tickets mixed up and gave you mine. 我把票混在一起了, 结果把我的给你了. 复合： `mix-up n (infml 口) confused situation; misunderstanding混乱; 杂乱; 误会; 误解: There's been an awful mix-up over the dates! 日期问题乱得无以复加!

mixed
[mikst; mikst] adj 1 composed of different qualities or elements 由不同质量或成分组成的; 混合的: * The critics gave the new play a mixed reception, ie one of criticism and praise. 评论家对那出新剧的评价褒贬不一. * The weather has been very mixed recently. 近来天气好坏无常. 2 of different shapes, flavours, etc 不同形状的; 不同味道的: * a tin of mixed biscuits, sweets, etc 一盒什锦饼乾、 糖果等. 3 having or showing various races or social classes 不同种族或阶级混合的: * live in a mixed society 生活在阶级混杂的社会中 * people of mixed blood 混血的人. 4 for members of both sexes 男女混合的: * a mixed school 男女生混合学校 * mixed changing rooms, eg at a sports centre 男女合用更衣室（如在运动中心的）. 5 (idm 习语) have ,mixed `feelings (about sb/sth) react to sb/sth with confused or conflicting feelings, eg joy and sorrow 对某人[某事物]产生纷扰的或矛盾的感情（如悲喜交集）. 复合： ,mixed `bag (infml 口) assortment of things or people, esp of varying quality （物或人的）混合体（尤指好坏不等的）: The competition entries were a very mixed bag. 参赛者是错落不齐的大杂烩. ,mixed `blessing thing that has advantages and also disadvantages 有利亦有弊的事物. ,mixed `doubles game (esp of tennis) in which a man and a woman are partners on each side 男女混合双打（尤指网球赛）. ,mixed `farming farming of both crops and livestock （耕种与畜牧兼营的）混合务农. ,mixed `grill dish of various grilled meats, often with tomatoes and mushrooms 什锦, 什锦烤肉（常伴有蕃茄和蘑菇）. ,mixed `marriage marriage between people of different races or religions （异族或异教的）通婚. ,mixed `metaphor combination of two or more metaphors that do not fit together and therefore produce a ludicrous effect, eg The hand that rocks the cradle has kicked the bucket 混杂隐喻（至少两个隐喻的合用, 因不通而产生滑稽效果, 如将the hand that rocks the cradle (rules the world)和kick the bucket合用）.

mixed1
,mixed-`up adj (infml 口) mentally or emotionally confused; not well-adjusted socially 头脑或情绪紊乱的; 不很适应人际关系的: She feels very mixed-up about life since her divorce. 她离婚後觉得生活十分迷惘.* ,mixed-up `kids who take drugs 服用毒品的迷茫孩子.

mixer
[5miksE(r); 5miksl] n 1 (esp electrical) device for mixing things （尤指电动的）搅拌机: * a ce`ment-mixer 水泥搅拌机 * a `food-mixer 食物搅拌器. 2 (infml 口) person able or unable (as specified) to mix easily with others, eg at parties 善於或不善於交际的人: * be a good/bad mixer 是个易於[难於]交际的人. 3 drink that can be mixed with another, eg to make cocktails 可作调配用的饮料（如用以调配鸡尾酒的）: * use fruit juice as a mixer 用果汁作配料. 4 (a) (in films and TV) person or device that combines shots onto one length of film or video-tape （电影和电视的）剪接师, 剪接器. (b) (in sound recording) person or device that combines sounds onto one tape 录音师; 混录调音机.

mixture
[5mikstFE(r); 5mikstFl] n 1 [U] mixing orbeing mixed 混合; 混合状态. 2 [C] thing made by mixing 混合之物: * a `cough mixture, ie containing several medicines 复方咳嗽药 * The city was a mixture of old and new buildings. 该市是新旧建 物的混合体. 3 [sing] (chemistry 化) combination of two or more substances which do not alter their composition 混合物: * Air is a mixture, not a compound, of gases. 空气是多种气体的混合物, 不是化合物. Cf 参看 compound1 1, element 3.

mizzen
(also mizen)[5mizn; 5mizn] n (nautical 海) 1 = mizzen-mast. 2 (also `mizzen-sail) lowest square fore-and-aft sail set on the mizzen-mast 後桅纵帆. 复合： `mizzen-mast n third mast from the bow on a sailing-ship with three or more masts; mast nearest the stern on smaller ships 第叁桅（叁桅或多桅船上最近船尾的桅）; 後桅.

Mk
abbr 缩写 = 1 mark (currency): Mk 300 300马克. 2 (on cars) mark (ie model or type) （汽车上的）牌子（即型号）: Ford Granada Ghia Mk II 福特牌格拉纳达．吉亚II型汽车.

ml
abbr 缩写 = (pl unchanged or mls 复数或不变或作 mls) 1 (US mi) mile(s): distance to village 3mls 距村3英里. 2 millilitre(s): 25ml 25毫升.

MLitt
[7em 'lit; 7em'lit] abbr 缩写 = Master of Letters (LatinMagister Litterarum) （源自拉丁文Magister Litterarum）: * have/be an MLitt in philosophy 有文学硕士学位[为文学硕士] * Debra Kahn MLitt 黛布拉．卡恩文学硕士.

mm
abbr 缩写 = (pl unchanged or mms 复数或不变或作 mms) millimetre(s): rainfall 6mm 雨量6毫米 * a 35mm camera 35毫米照相机.

mnemonic
[ni'mCnik; ni'manik] adj of or designed to help the memory 记忆的; 帮助记忆的: * mnemonic verses, eg for remembering spelling or grammar rules, etc 帮助记忆的歌诀 * The verb patterns are shown in this dictionary by mnemonic codes. 动词模式在本词典中用易於记忆的符号标示. 派生： mnemonic n 1 [C] word, verse, etc designed to help the memory 帮助记忆的词、 诗句等. 2 mnemonics [usu sing v 通常与单数动词连用] art of or system for improving the memory 记忆术; 增进记忆的方法.

mo
[mEu; mo] n (pl mos) (Brit infml 口) short period of time; moment 一会儿: * Half a mo (ie Wait a little), I'm not quite ready. 等一下, 我还没完全准备好.

moan
[mEun; mon] n 1 (a) [C] long low mournful sound, usu expressing regret, pain or suffering 呻吟声; 呜咽声: * the moans of the wounded 受伤者的呻吟. (b) [sing] similar sound as made by eg the wind 似呻吟的声音（如风声）. 2 [C] (infml 口) grumble or complaint 牢骚; 怨声: * We had a good moan about the weather. 我们对天气着实抱怨了一番. 派生： moan v 1 (a) [I, Ip, Tn] utter moans or say (sth) with moans 呻吟; 呻吟着说（某事）: He was moaning (away) all night long. 他整夜不断呻吟. * `Where's the doctor?’ he moaned. ‘医生在哪儿啊?’他呻吟着问. (b) [I, Ipr] make a moaning sound 发出呻吟的声音: The wind was moaning through the trees. 风穿林木声萧萧. 2 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (about sth) (infml 口) grumble or complain 抱怨; 发牢骚: moaning and groaning (away) 怨声不已 * He's always moaning (on) about how poor he is. 他总是抱怨穷.

moat
[mEut; mot] n deep wide ditch filled with water, dug round a castle, etc as a defence （城堡等的）壕沟; 城壕; 护城河. =>illus at castle 见castle插图. 派生： moated adj having a moat 有城壕的: a moated manor house 有护城河的领主邸宅.

mob
[mCb; mab] n 1 [CGp] large disorderly crowd,esp one that has gathered to attack or cause mischief无秩序的民众; （尤指）暴民: * The fans rushed onto the pitch in an excited mob. 球迷群情激昂, 一窝蜂涌进球场. * [attrib 作定语] mob law/rule, ie that imposed or enforced by a mob 暴民的法律[统治] * mob oratory, ie speech-making that appeals to the emotions of the masses, not to their intellect 煽动群众的演讲. 2 the mob [sing] (derog 贬) the masses or the common people 民众. 3 [C esp sing 尤作单数] (sl 俚) gang of criminals 犯罪集团; 匪帮: * Whose mob is he with? 他是哪个匪帮的人? 派生： mob v (-bb-) [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] crowd round (sb) noisily in great numbers, either to attack or admire 聚众包围（某人）（为攻击或赞赏）: The pop singer was mobbed by teenagers. 那个唱流行歌曲的歌手被一群青年团团围住.

mobile
[5mEubail; - -bl, also -bi:l; 5mobl, 'mobil] adj 1 (a) that can move or be moved easily and quickly from place to place 易於快速移动的: * mobile troops, artillery, etc 机动部队、 炮兵等 * a mobile library, ie one inside a vehicle 流动图书馆. (b) (of people) able to change class, occupation or place of residence easily （指人）易改变阶层、 职业或住址的, 流动的: * a mobile work-force 流动劳力. Cf 参看 stationary. 2 (of a face, its features, etc) changing shape or expression easily and often （指脸、 五官等）易变和常变其形状或表情的. 3 [pred 作表语] (infml 口) having transport, esp a car 有交通工具（尤指汽车）: * Can you give me a lift if you're mobile? 你要是有车, 捎我一程行吗? 派生： mobile n ornamental hanging structure of metal, plastic, cardboard, etc, whose parts move freely in currents of air 风动饰物（用金属、 塑料、 纸板等组成的悬挂饰物, 其部件可随风而动）. mobility/mEu'bilEti; mo'bilEti] n [U] being mobile 移动性; 流动性; 机动性; 可动性. 复合： ,mobile `home large caravan that can be towed by a vehicle but is normally parked in one place and used as a home （可用车拖拉的）活动住房.

mobilize, mobilise
[5mEubilaiz; 5mobl7aiz] v 1 [I, Tn] (cause sb/sth to) become ready for service or action, esp in war （使某人[某事物]）准备行动; （尤指战时）动员, 调动: * The troops received orders to mobilize. 部队接到动员令. 2 [Tn] organize or assemble (resources, etc) for a particular purpose （为某目的）组织, 集合（资源等）: * They are mobilizing their supporters to vote at the election. 他们正在组织其支持者向他们拉选票. 派生： mobilization, -isation[7mEubilai'zeiFn; - -li'z-;7moblE'zeFEn] n [U] mobilizing or being mobilized 动员: * [attrib 作定语] mobilization orders 动员令.

mobster
[5mCbstE(r); 5mabstl] n member of a gang of criminals; gangster 犯罪集团成员; 匪徒; 歹徒.

moccasin
[5mCkEsin; 5makEsn] n flat-soled shoe made from soft leather, as originally worn by N American Indians 软皮平底鞋（原为北美印第安人穿的）.

mocha
[5mCkE; - 'mEukE; 5mokE] n [U] 1 type of strong fine-quality coffee, originally shipped from the Arabian port of Mocha 穆哈咖啡（自阿拉伯穆哈港输出的优质咖啡）. 2 flavouring made by mixing this and chocolate 穆哈咖啡与巧克力制成的调味料: * [attrib 作定语] mocha ice-cream 穆哈冰激凌.

mock
1[mCk; mak] v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (at sb/sth) makefun of (sb/sth), esp by mimicking him/it contemptuously; ridicule 取笑（某人[某事物]）; （尤指以模仿）嘲弄, 愚弄: * a mocking smile, voice, laugh 嘲弄的微笑、 声音、 大笑 * mock (at) sb's fears, efforts, attempts 嘲笑某人的恐惧、 努力、 尝试 * It is wrong to mock cripples. 模仿瘸子走路来取笑是不对的. 2 [Tn] (fml esp fig 文, 尤作比喻) defy (sb/sth) contemptuously 蔑视, 抗拒（某人[某事物]）: * The heavy steel doors mocked our attempts to open them. 沉重的铁门嘲笑我们不自量力, 无法打开. 派生： mock n (idm 习语) make (a) `mock of sb/sth make sb/sth seem foolish; ridicule sb/sth 嘲弄或嘲笑某人[某事物]. mocker n 1 person who mocks 嘲弄者; 嘲笑者. 2 (idm 习语) put the `mockers on sb (sl 俚) bring bad luck to sb 使某人倒霉. mockingly adv. 复合： `mocking-bird n type of American bird of the thrush family that mimics the calls of other birds 嘲尺（产於美洲, 能模仿其他鸟鸣叫）. `mock-up n 1 full-scale experimental model or replica, eg of a machine, made for testing, etc （用作试验等的）实体模型, 实物复制品（如机器等）. 2 arrangement of text, pictures, etc of sth to be printed （印刷文字、 图片等的）版面安排: do a mock-up of a book cover 安排书的封面版面.

mockery
[5mCkEri; 5makEri] n 1 [U] action of mocking sb/sth; scorn or ridicule 嘲弄; 嘲笑; 讥笑: * He replied with a note of mockery in his voice. 他带着嘲笑的声调回答. 2 [C] ~ (of sth) completely inadequate or ridiculous action or representation (of sth); travesty 拙劣可笑的模仿或歪曲: * The performance was an utter mockery. 这演出纯粹是拙劣的模仿. * The trial was a mockery of justice. 这一审判是对正义的歪曲. 3 [sing] person or thing that is mocked; occasion when this happens 嘲弄的对象或场合; 笑柄. 4 (idm 习语) make a mockery of sth make sth appear foolish or worthless 使某事物显得荒谬或无价值: * The unfair and hasty decision of the court made a mockery of the trial. 法院匆促做出的不公正裁决使这次审判形同儿戏.

mod
[mCd; mad] n (also Mod) (Brit) member of a group of young people, prominent in Britain in the 1960's, who liked to wear neat and fashionable clothes and to ride motor-scooters 摩德派成员（20世纪60年代英国的一类年轻人, 穿着整齐时髦, 常骑小型摩托车）. Cf 参看 rocker (rock2).

modal
[5mEudl; 5modl] n (also modal verb, modal au`xiliary, modal au`xiliary verb) (grammar) verb that is used with another verb (not a modal) to express possibility, permission, obligation, etc 情态动词: * `Can', `may', `might', `must' and `should' are all modals. can may might must should都是情态动词. 派生： modal adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] 1 (grammar) of a modal 情态动词的. 2 relating to mode or manner, in contrast to substance 形式的, 形态的, 方式的（与实质相对）.

model
1[5mCdl; 5madl] n 1 (a) representation of sth, usu smaller than the original 模型（通常小於原物）: * a model of the proposed new airport 拟建的新机场模型 * construct a scale model of the Eiffel Tower 建造埃菲尔铁塔的比例模型 * [attrib 作定语] a model train, aeroplane, car, etc 模型火车、 飞机、 汽车等. =>illus 见插图. (b) design of sth that is made so that it can be copied in another material （供用他种材料做复制品的）模型: * a clay/wax model for a statue, eg to be copied in stone or metal 塑像的泥质[蜡质]模型（如供用石或金属做复制品）. 2 particular design or type of product （产品的某种）设计, 型号: * All this year's new models are displayed at the motor show. 汽车展览会上展出了今年所有的新型号. * This is the most popular model in our whole range. 这是我们所有产品中最受欢迎的型号. 3 simplifieddescription of a system used in explanations, calculations, etc （供讲解、 计算等的）模型: * a model of a molecule 分子模型 * a statistical/mathematical/economical model, eg used to forecast future trends 统计学[数学/经济学]模型（如用以预测趋势的）. 4 system used as a basis for a copy; pattern 模式: * The nation's constitution provided a model that other countries followed. 该国的宪法提供了他国效法的模式. 5 ~ (of sth) (approv 褒) person or thing regarded as excellent of his/its kind and worth imitating （值得仿效的）优秀的人或物; 模范: * a model of tact, fairness, accuracy, etc 圆通、 公正、 准确等的范例 * [attrib 作定语] a model pupil, husband, teacher, etc 模范学生、 丈夫、 教师等 * model behaviour 模范行为 * a model farm, prison, etc, ie one that has been specially designed to be very efficient 模范农场、 监狱等. 6 (a) person employed to pose for an artist, photographer, etc （艺术家、 摄影家等用的）模特儿. (b) person employed to display clothes, hats, etc to possible buyers, by wearing them 时装模特儿:

model1
* She is one of the country's top models. 她是全国的顶尖模特儿. * a male `model 男模特儿 * a `fashion model 时装模特儿. 7 (copy of a) garment, hat, etc fashioned by a well-known designer and shown in public 着名服装设计师设计并展览的衣、 帽等或其复制品: * see, buy, wear, etc the latest Paris models 参观、 购买、 穿着...最新巴黎时装.

modem
[5mEudem; 5mo7dem] n device linking a computer system and eg a telephone line so that data can be transmitted at high speeds from one computer to another 调制解调器（计算机系统与例如电话线的联接装置, 可使资料高速传至另一计算机）.

moderate
1[5mCdErEt; 5madErEt] adj 1 average in amount, intensity, quality, etc; not extreme （量、 强度、 质等）中等的, 适度的: * moderate price increases 适度的涨价 * travelling at a moderate speed 中速行驶的 * a moderate-sized bathroom 中等大小的浴室 * a moderate performance, ie neither very good nor very bad 不好不坏的演出 * a moderate sea, ie neither calm nor rough 中 浪 * a moderate breeze, ie a wind of medium strength 和风. 2 of or having (usu political) opinions that are not extreme 见解（通常指政治方面）不极端的, 不偏激的, 温和的: * a man with moderate views 意见温和的人 * moderate policies 稳健的政策. 3 keeping or kept within limits that are not excessive 有节制的; 不过分的: * a moderate drinker 饮酒有节制的人 * moderate wage demands 适度的工资要求. 派生： moderate[5mCdErEt; 5madErEt] n person with moderate opinions, esp in politics 持温和意见的人（尤指政见）. moderately adv to a moderate extent; not very; quite 适度地; 不过分地: a moderately good performance 很不错的演出 * a moderately expensive house 价钱稍高的房子 * She only did moderately well in the exam. 她考试成绩尚可.

moderation
[7mCdE'reiFn; 7madE'reFEn] n 1 [U] quality of being moderate; freedom from excess; restraint 温和; 适度; 节制: * They showed a remarkable degree of moderation in not quarrelling publicly on television. 他们表现得极为克制, 未在电视上公开吵起来. 2 (idm 习语) in mode`ration (of smoking, drinking alcohol, etc) in a moderate manner; not excessively （指吸烟、 饮酒等）适度地, 不过分: * Whisky can be good for you if taken in moderation. 威士忌酒如饮用适度是有益的.

moderator
[5mCdEreitE(r); 5madE7retl] n 1 person who arbitrates in a dispute; mediator 仲裁人; 调解人. 2 person who makes sure that the same standards areused by different examiners when marking an examination评分监督（统一各主考人评分标准者）. 3 Presbyterian minister presiding over a church court 长老会教会法庭上的主持者. 4 (physics 物) substance in which neutrons are slowed down in a nuclear reactor 减速剂, 慢化剂（核反应堆中使中子减速的物质）.

modern
[5mCdn; 5madln] adj 1 [attrib 作定语] of the present or recent times; contemporary 现代的; 近代的: * Unemployment is one of the major problems of modern times. 失业问题是现代的主要问题. * in the modern world/age 在当今世界[时代] * modern history, eg of Europe from about 1475 onwards 近代史（如自1475年起之欧洲史）. 2 (esp approv 尤作褒义) using or having the newest methods, equipment, buildings, etc; up to date （方法、 设备、 建 等）新式的, 时髦的, 最新的: * modern marketing techniques 最新市场推广技巧 * one of the most modern shopping centres in the country全国最先进的购物中心. 3 [attrib 作定语] of a contemporary style of art, fashion, etc, esp one that is experimental and not traditional （艺术、 时装等）当代风格的, 现代派的: * modern dance 现代派舞蹈. =>Usage at new 用法见new. 派生： modern n (dated or fml 旧或文) person living in modern times 现代人. modernity/mE'dE:nEti; mE'dEnEti] n [U] being modern 现代性. 复合： ,modern `language (esp Brit) language that is spoken or written now, esp a European language such as French, German or Spanish 现代语言（尤指欧洲语言, 如法语、 德语或西班牙语）: study modern languages at university 在大学学习现代语言.

modernism
[5mCdEnizEm; 5madln7izEm] n [U] modern ideas or methods in contrast to traditional ones, esp in art or religion （有别於传统的）现代思潮或方法; （尤指艺术或宗教的）现代主义. 派生： modernist[5mCdEnist; 5madlnist] n believer in or supporter of modernism 拥护现代思潮者; 现代主义者. adj [attrib 作定语] of or associated with modernism 现代思潮的; 现代方法的; 现代主义的. modernistic/, mCdE5nIstIk; 9mBdL`nIstIk/ adj noticeably modern; showing modernism （显然）现代化的; 显示现代思潮或现代主义的: * modernistic furniture designs 现代家具图样.

modernize, modernise
[5mCdEnaiz; 5madln7aiz] v 1 [Tn] make (sth) suitable for modern needs or habits; bring up to date 使（某事物）现代化: * modernize a transport system, a factory, farming methods 使运输系统、 工厂、 耕作方法现代化 * a fully modernized shop 十分现代化的商店. 2 [I] adopt modern ways or views 采用现代方法或观点; 现代化: * If the industry doesn't modernize it will not survive. 该制造业若不现代化就不能继续存在. > modernization, -isation[7mCdEnai'zeiFn; --ni'z-; 7madlnE'zeFEn] n [U]: * the modernization of the telephone system 电话设备的现代化 * [attrib 作定语] embark on a major modernization programme 实施重大的现代化计画.

modest
[5mCdist; 5madist] adj 1 (a) not large in amount, size, etc; moderate （数量、 体积等）不大的, 适度的, 中等的: * live on a modest income 靠不高的收入生活 * make very modest demands 提出非常适度的要求 * a modest improvement, success 一定程度的改善、 成功. (b) not showy or splendid in appearance; not expensive 不浮夸的; 素的; 不豪华的: * live in a modest little house 住在 素的小房子里. 2 (a) ~ (about sth) (approv 褒) having or showing a not too high opinion of one's abilities, qualities, etc; not vain or boastful 谦逊的; 不虚夸的; 质 的: * be modest about one's achievements 对自己的成就很谦逊. (b) rather shy; not putting oneself forward; bashful 羞怯的; 不突出自己的; 腆的: * Might I make a modest suggestion? 我可以提个小小的建议吗? 3 (esp of women or their appearance or behaviour) having or showing respect for conventional ideas of decency and purity （尤指女子或其容貌或行为）端庄的, 高雅的, 正派的, 纯洁的: * a modest dress, blouse, neckline, etc, ie one that is not sexually provocative 样子庄重的连衣裙、 女衬衫、 领口等. 派生： modestly adv. modesty[5mCdisti; 5madEsti] n [U] (esp approv 尤作褒义) state of being modest 适度; 实; 谦恭; 羞怯; 庄重: * speak with genuine modesty/without (a trace of) false modesty 真正谦虚地[（绝）不故作谦虚地]讲话 * I'd like to tell you all about my success but modesty forbids. 我并非不愿将成绩一一相告, 只是君子不自尚其功.

modicum
[5mCdikEm; 5madikEm] n [sing] ~ (of sth) small or moderate amount of sth 少量; 适量: * achieve success with a modicum of effort 稍微努力就获得成功 * Anyone with even a modicum of intelligence would have realized that! 稍有头脑的人都能认识到那点!

modify
[5mCdifai; 5madE7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn] 1 change (sth) slightly, esp to make it less extreme or to improve it 稍改（某事物）; （尤指）使缓和, 使改善, 使改进: * The union has been forced to modify its position. 工会被迫稍稍改变立场. * The policy was agreed by the committee, but only in a modified form. 那政策惟经修改後始获委员会同意. * The heating system has recently been modified to make it more efficient. 最近供暖设备已稍加改动以提高效率. =>Usage at change1 用法见change1. 2 (grammar) (esp of an adj or adv) limit the sense of (another word) （尤指形容词或副词）修饰, 限定（另一词）的意义: * In `the black cat' the adjective `black' modifies the noun `cat'. 在‘黑猫’这一词组中, 形容词‘黑’修饰名词‘猫’. 派生： modification[7mCdifi'keiFn; 7madEfE'keFEn] n (a) [U] modifying or being modified 修改; 缓和; 改善; 修饰; 限定: * The design of the spacecraft is undergoing extensive modification. 航天器的设计正大加修改. (b) [C] instance of this; change or alteration 修改; 缓和; 改善; 修饰; 限定: * The plan was approved, with some minor modifications. 那计画已批准, 仅作了些许更动. modifier[-faiE(r); -7fail] n (grammar) word or phrase that modifies (modify 2) another word or phrase 修饰语.

modish
[5mEudiF; 5modiF] adj (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) fashionable 流行的; 时髦的. > modishly adv.

modulate
[5mCdjuleit; - -dVu-; 5madVE7let] v 1 [Tn] vary the strength, volume or pitch of (one's voice) 改变（嗓音）的强弱、 大小、 高低: * the actor's clearly modulated tones 那演员显然改变了的声调. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (from sth) (to sth) change from one musical key to another 变调; 转调: * music that modulates frequently 频繁变调的乐曲 * to modulate from C major to A minor 从C大调变至A小调. 3 [Tn] (fml 文) adjust or moderate (sth) 调节, 调整（某事物）. 4 [Tn] vary the amplitude, phase or frequency of (a radio wave) so as to convey a particular signal 调制（无线电波）. > modulation/, mCdjU5leIFn; US -dVU5l-; 9mBdVE`leFEn/ n [C, U].

module
[5mCdju:l; - -dVu:l; 5madVul] n 1 (a) any one of a set of standardized parts or units that are made separately and are joined together to construct a building or piece of furniture （标准尺寸的）建 部件, 家具组件. (b) unit, esp of a computer or computer program, that has a particular function 单位; 单元; （尤指计算机或计算机程序的）模件, 组件, 模块: * a software module 软件元. 2 (aerospace 航空) independent self-contained unit of a spacecraft （航天器中独立的）舱: * a service module 服务舱 * the command module, ie for the astronaut in command 指挥舱 * a lunar module, ie used to land on the moon 登月舱. 3 any one of several independent units or options that make up a course of study, esp at a college or university （组成一门课程的）独立单元, 选修部分（尤指大专院校的）. 派生： modular[5mCdjulE(r); - -dVu-; 5madVull] adj 1 using a module or modules as the basis of design or construction 以标准化的部件或单元为基础设计或建造的; 标准化的; 组件化的; 模块化的: * modular components 标准元件 * modular furniture 标准化组合家具. 2 (of a course of study) composed of a number of separate units from which students may select a certain number （指课程）由独立单元组成的, 分单元的（其单元可由学生选修）.

modus operandi
[7mEudEs 7CpE'rndi:; 5modEs7apE'rAndi] (Latin 拉) (a) person's method of dealing with a task （个人的）做法, 工作方法. (b) way in which a thing operates 操作法.

modus vivendi
[7mEudEs vi'vendi:; 5modEsvi'vendi] (Latin 拉) 1 temporary practical arrangement by which people who are opposed or quarrelling can continue to live or work together while waiting for their dispute to be settled （争持期间的）暂时解决办法: * We managed to achieve a kind of modus vivendi. 我们设法达成了某种临时的妥协. 2 way of living or coping 生活方式; 处理方法.

moggie
(also moggy)[5mCgi; 5magi] (also mog/mCg; mag] ) n (Brit infml esp joc 口, 尤作戏谑语) cat 猫.

mogul
[5mEugl; 5mogEl] n very rich, important or influential person 富有的、 重要的或有势力的人; 钜子: * Hollywood moguls 好莱坞大亨 * a television mogul 电视界泰斗.

MOH
[7em Eu 'eitF; 7em o 'etF] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Medical Officer of Health (eg a doctor in charge of public health in a particular area) 保健检查官.

mohair
[5mEuheE(r); 5mo7her] n [U] (cloth or thread made from the) fine silky hair of the Angora goat 安哥拉山羊毛; 马海毛; 安哥拉羊毛线; 马海毛织物; 马海毛呢: * [attrib 作定语] a mohair sweater 马海毛毛衣.

Mohammedan
= Muhammadan (Muhammad).

moiety
[5mCiEti; 5mCiEti] n (usu sing通常作单数) ~ (of sth) (fml or law 文或律) either of two parts into which sth is divided; half 一半; 二分之一.

moist
[mCist; mCist] adj slightly wet 潮湿的; 湿润的: * moist eyes, lips, etc 湿润的眼睛、 嘴唇等 * a rich moist fruit-cake 味浓松软的水果蛋糕 * Water the plant regularly to keep the soil moist. 按时给植物浇水以保持土壤湿润. 派生： moisten[5mCisn; 5mCisn] v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become moist （使某物）潮湿, 湿润: * His eyes moistened (with tears). 他的眼睛（给泪水）润湿了. * She moistened her lips with her tongue. 她舔湿了嘴唇. * Moisten the cloth slightly before applying the lotion. 先把布稍弄潮湿再使用此溶液.

moisture
[5mCistFE(r); 5mCistFl] n [U] (thin layer of) tiny drops of water on a surface, in the air, etc 潮湿; 湿气; 水气: * The rubber seal is designed to keep out all the moisture. 橡胶的密封垫是用以隔绝湿气的. * Humidity is a measure of moisture in the atmosphere. 湿度是空气内含水分多少的量度. 派生： moisturize, -ise[5mCistFEraiz; 5mCistFE7raiz] v [Tn] make (the skin) less dry by the use of certain cosmetics （施化妆品）使（皮肤）滋润: * moisturizing cream for the face and hands 搽脸和手的润肤霜. moisturizer, -iser n [C, U] cream used for moisturizing the skin 润肤霜.

moke
[mEuk; mok] n (Brit infml esp joc 口, 尤作戏谑语) donkey 驴.

molar
[5mEulE(r); 5moll] n any of the teeth at the back of the jaw used for grinding and chewing food 磨牙; 臼齿: * upper/lower/front/back molars 上[下/前/後]磨牙. =>illus at tooth 见tooth插图. 派生： molar adj of such teeth 磨牙的; 臼齿的: molar cavities 磨牙龋洞.

molasses
[mE'lAsiz; mE'lAsiz] n [U] 1 thick dark syrup drained from raw sugar during the refining process 糖蜜. 2 (US) treacle 糖浆.

mold
(US) = mould.

molder
(US) = moulder.

molding
(US) = moulding.

moldy
(US) = mouldy (mould3).

mole
1[mEul; mol] n small permanent dark spot on the human skin 痣; 色素痣. Cf 参看 freckle.

molecule
[5mClikju:l; 5malE7kjul] n smallest unit (usu consisting of a group of atoms) into which a substance can be divided without a change in its chemical nature 分子: * A molecule of water consists of two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen. 水分子含有两个氢原子和一个氧原子. 派生： molecular/mE'lekjulE(r); mE'lekjEll] adj [attrib 作定语] of or relating to molecules 分子的: * molecular structure, weight, mass, etc 分子结构、 量、 质量等 * molecular biology 分子生物学.

molest
[mE'lest; mE'lest] v [Tn] (a) trouble or annoy (sb) in a hostile way or in a way that causes injury 骚扰, 招惹, 伤害（某人）: * an old man molested and robbed by a gang of youths 受到一帮年轻人骚扰和抢劫的老人. (b) attack or annoy (usu a woman or child) sexually; interfere with 对（通常为妇女或儿童）作性骚扰; 调戏; 搅扰: * He was found guilty of molesting a young girl.他被判猥亵少女罪. > molestation[7mEule'steiFn;7moles'teFEn] n [U]. molester/mE'lestE(r); mE'lestl] n: * a child molester 对儿童进行性骚扰者.

moll
[mCl; mal] n (sl 俚) woman companion of a gangster 歹徒的女夥伴或情妇.

mollify
[5mClifai; 5malE7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn] lessen the anger of (sb); make calmer; soothe 使（某人）息怒; 使平静; 抚慰: * He tried to find ways of mollifying her.他想方设法安慰她. > mollification[7mClifi'keiFn;7malEfE'keFEn] n [U].

mollusc
(US also mollusk)[5mClEsk; 5malEsk] n any of the class of animals, including oysters, mussels, snails and slugs, that have a soft body, no backbone, and usu a hard shell 软体动物（包括牡蛎、 贻贝、 蜗牛、 蛞蝓等）.

mollycoddle
[5mClikCdl; 5mali7kadl] v [Tn] (derog 贬) treat (sb) with too much kindness and protection; pamper 娇宠, 溺爱, 纵容（某人）: * He doesn't believe that children should be mollycoddled. 他认为不应溺爱儿童.

Molotov cocktail
[7mClEtCf 'kCkteil; 7malEtCf 'kak7tel] type of simple bomb that consists of a bottle filled with petrol and stuffed with a rag which is lit 瓶装汽油弹.

molt
(US) = moult.

molten
[5mEultEn; 5moltn] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] melted or made liquid by heating to a very high temperature 熔化的; 熔融的: * molten rock, steel, lava 熔化的岩石、 钢水、 岩浆.

molto
[5mCltEu; - 'mEultEu; 5molto] adv (music 音) very 甚; 极: * molto adagio, ie very slowly 极慢.

molybdenum
[mE'libdEnEm; mE'libdEnEm] n [U] chemical element, a silvery-white hard metal used in alloys for making high-speed tools 钼. =>App 10 见附录10.

mom
[mCm; mam] n (US infml 口) =mum2.

moment
[5mEumEnt; 5momEnt] n 1 [C] very brief period of time 瞬间; 片刻: * He thought for a moment and then spoke. 他想了片刻, 然後说. * It was all over in a few moments. 不一会儿就都完了. * Can you wait a moment or two, please? 请等一下, 好吗? * She answered without a moment's hesitation. 她毫不迟疑立即回答. * One moment please, ie Please wait a short time. 请稍候. * I shall only be a moment. 我一会儿就回来. * I'll be back in a moment, ie very soon. 我这就回来. * Extra police arrived not a moment too soon, ie It was almost too late when they arrived. 增援的警察赶到时未免太迟了. 2 [sing] exact point in time 就在那时; 当时: * At that (very) moment, the phone rang. 就在那时电话铃响了. * the moment of birth 出生时刻 * `Could you go to the post office for me, please?’ `I've only this moment come in', ie I came in a very short time ago. ‘你可以替我去趟邮局吗?’‘我才刚进来嘛.’ 3 [C] time for doing something; occasion 做某事的时刻; 时机: * This is a suitable moment to ask for the afternoon off. 这是请下午假的最好时机. * wait for the right moment 等候恰当的时机 * in moments of great happiness 在非常快活的时刻. 4 [C usu sing 通常作单数] (physics 物) tendency to cause movement, esp rotation about a point （力）矩: * the moment of a force 力矩. 5 (idm 习语) any minute/moment => minute1. at the `moment at the present time; now, considered as a shorter or longer period 此刻, 现在, 目前（可指较短或较长的时间）: * The number is engaged at the moment. Try again in five minutes. 这个号现在占线. 五分钟後再试试吧. * He's unemployed at the moment and has been for over six months. 他目前失业, 已经有半年多了. for the `moment/`present temporarily; for now 暂时; 目前: * We're happy living in a flat for the moment but we may want to move to a house soon. 目前我们住单元房很满意, 不过不久我们也许想住个独门独院的房子. have one's/its `moments (infml 口) have short times that are more interesting than the ordinary usual times 有快乐的时候:

moment1
* My job is not a very glamorous one but it does have its moments. 我的工作虽不算十分吸引人, 但也自有其乐趣所在. in the heat of the moment => heat1. in a `moment very soon 一会儿; 立刻; 马上: * I'll come in a moment. 我一会儿就来. the last minute/moment => last1. the man, woman, boy, girl, etc of the `moment person that is highly praised, most popular or most important at present 当前备受称赞、 红极一时或最重要的人物. the minute/moment (that...) => minute1. the ,moment of `truth point at which the reality of the condition of sb/sth has to be faced and an important decision has to be made 重要关头; 决定性时刻. not for a/one minute/moment => minute1. of `moment (fml 文) of importance 重要的; 关系重大的: * This is a matter of great/some/little/no small moment. 此事关系重大[不无关系/关系不大/非同小可]. on the spur of the moment => spur. the psychological moment => psychological (psychology). a weak moment => weak.

momentary
[5mEumEntri; - -teri; 5momEn7teri] adj lasting for a very short time 短暂的; 瞬间的; 片刻的: * a momentary pause, interruption, success 暂短的停顿、 中断、 成功. 派生： momentarily[5mEumEntrEli; - 7mEumEn'terEli;7momEn'terEli] adv 1 for a very short time 短暂地; 瞬间地; 片刻地: * He shuddered momentarily. 他哆嗦了一下. 2 (esp US) very soon; immediately 立即; 即刻: * The doctor will see you momentarily. 医生马上就来看你.

momentous
[mE'mentEs, mEu'm-; mE'mentEs, mo'm-] adj very important; serious 极重要的; 严重的: * a momentous decision, occasion, event 重要的决定、 场合、 事件 * momentous changes 重大的变化.

momentum
[mE'mentEm, mEu'm-; mE'mentEm, mo'm-] n [U] 1 force that increases the rate of development of a process; impetus 动力; 冲力; 势头: * The movement to change the union's constitution is slowly gathering momentum. 修改工会宪章的运动正慢慢加强. 2 (physics 物) quantity of motion of a moving object, measured as its mass multiplied by its velocity 动量: * The sledge gained momentum as it ran down the hill. 雪橇从山上下冲时动量越来越大.

momma
[5mCmE; 5mamE] (also mommy[5mCmi;'mami] ) n (US infml 口) =mummy2.

Mon
abbr 缩写 = Monday: Mon 21 June 6月21日星期一.

monarch
[5mCnEk; 5manlk] n supreme ruler; king, queen, emperor or empress 最高统治者; 国王; 女王; 皇帝; 女皇: * the reigning monarch 在位的君主. 派生： monarchic/mE'na:kik; mE'narkik] , monarchical/mE'na:kikl; mE'narkikl] adjs [attrib 作定语] of a monarch or monarchy 君主的; 君主政体的; 君主制度的: * the system of monarchical government 君主政体. monarchist[5mCnEkist; 5manlkist] n person who believes that a country should be ruled by a monarch 君主主义者. monarchism[-kizEm; -7kizEm] n [U]. monarchy[5mCnEki; 5manlki] n 1 (usu 通常作 the monarchy) [sing] system of government by a monarch 君主政体; 君主制: * plans to abolish the monarchy 废除君主政体的计画. 2 [C] state governed by such a system君主国: * The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy.英国是君主立宪国. Cf 参看 republic.

monastery
[5mCnEstri; - -teri; 5manEs7teri] n building in which monks live as a community 隐修院. Cf 参看 convent, nunnery (nun).

monastic
[mE'nAstik; mE'nAstik] adj 1 of or relating to monks or monasteries 修士的; 隐修院的: * a monastic community 隐修院修士集体. 2 like life in a monastery; simple and quiet 隐修院式生活的; 简 而清静的: * lead a monastic life 过隐居的生活. 派生： monasticism/mE'nstisizEm; mE'nAstE7sizEm] n [U] way of life of monks in monasteries 隐修院修士的生活方式.

monaural
[7mCn'C:rEl; man'CrEl] adj => monophonic.

Monday
[5mQndi; 5mQndi] n [C, U] (abbr 缩写 Mon) the second day of the week, next after Sunday 星期一: * He was born on a Monday. 他是星期一出生的. * They met on the Monday and were married on the Friday, ie on those days in a particular week. 他们星期一相遇, 星期五就结婚了. * last/next Monday 上[下]星期一 * the Monday before last 上上星期一 * `What's today?’ `It's Monday'. ‘今天星期几?’‘星期一.’ * We'll meet on Monday. 我们星期一见面. * (Brit infml or US 英式英语口语或美式英语) We'll meet Monday, ie on the day before next Tuesday. 我们下星期一见面. * `When did they meet?’ `(On) Monday (ie On the day before last Tuesday).’ 他们是什麽时候见的面?’‘上星期一.’ * I work Monday(s) to Friday(s). 我星期一至星期五工作. * (On) Monday(s) (ie Every Monday) I do the shopping. 每星期一我都去买东西. * I always do the shopping on a Monday. 我总是在星期一买东西. * [attrib 作定语] Monday morning/afternoon/evening 星期一上午[下午/晚上].

monetary
[5mQnitri; - -teri; 5mQnE7teri] adj [attrib 作定语] of money or currency 钱的; 货币的: * the government's monetary policy 政府的货币政策 * the international monetary system 国际货币制度 * The monetary unit of Japan is the yen. 日本的货币单位是元. 派生： monetarism[-tErizEm; -tE7rizEm] n [U] policy of controlling the amount of money available as the chief method of stabilizing a country's economy 货币主义（以控制货币供给量作为稳定国家经济的主要方法的政策）. monetarist[-tErist; -tErist] n person favouring monetarism 货币主义者. adj of or relating to monetarism 货币主义的: * monetarist policies 货币主义政策.

money
[5mQni; 5mQni] n (pl in sense 3 moneys ormonies 用於下述第3义时复数作moneys或monies)1 [U] means of payment, esp coins and banknotes, given and accepted in buying and selling 钱; 金钱; 货币: * have money in one's pocket 口袋里有钱 * earn, borrow, save, etc a lot of money 挣、 借、 节省...很多钱 * How much money is there in my (bank) account? 我的（银行）户头里有多少钱? * change English money into French money/francs 把英国钱换成法国钱[法郎]. =>App 4 见附录4. 2 [U] wealth; (total value of) sb's property 财富; 某人的财产（总值）: * inherit money from sb 从某人处继承财 产 * lose all one's money 失掉个人的全部家当 * marry sb for his money, ie for the sake of wealth and possessions that he has or will inherit later 为获得财产而嫁给某人. 3 moneys or monies [pl] (arch or law古或律) sum of money 金额: * to collect all monies due 收集到期的全部金额. 4 (idm 习语) be in the `money (infml 口) have a lot of money to spend; be rich 有钱; 富有. coin it/money => coin. easy money => easy1. even chances/odds/money => even1. a fool and his money are soon parted => fool1. for `my money (infml 口) in my opinion 据我看: * For my money, Ann's idea is better than Mary's. 我认为安的主意比玛丽的好. get one's `money's-worth get the full value in goods or services for the money one has spent 花得上算. good `money a lot of money; money that is hard-earned and not to be wasted 大笔的钱; 来之不易的钱: * earn, pay, cost good money 赚、 付、 值很多钱. have `money to burn have so much money that one can spend it freely 有的是钱. a licence to print money => licence. `made of money (infml 口) very wealthy 极有钱: * I'm not made of money, you know! 你知道我又不是财神爷! make `money make a profit; earn a lot of money 赚钱; 发财. make money ,hand over `fist make big profits from business, etc 发大财; 赚大钱. marry money => marry. money burns a hole in sb's pocket sb is eager to spend money or spends it quickly or extravagantly 有钱就想花; 大手大脚. money for `jam/old `rope (infml 口) money or profit earned from a task that requires very little effort 容易赚的钱; 便宜买卖. money talks (saying 谚) if one is wealthy it enables one to get special treatment, influence people, promote one's own interests, etc 有钱就灵. not for love or money => love1. put money into sth invest money in (an enterprise, etc) 投资於（某企业等）:

money1
* put money into stocks and shares, the Channel tunnel project, property 投资於债券与股票、 海峡隧道工程、 房地产. put one's money on sb/sth (a) place a bet that (a horse, dog, etc) will win a race 在参赛的（马、 狗等）上下赌注. (b) confidently expect sb/sth to succeed 确信某人[某事]会成功: * I'll put my money on him. 我确信他能成功. put one's money where one's `mouth is (infml 口) show one's support in a practical way, not just by one's words 以实际行动支持, 并非说空话. a run for one's money => run1. see the colour of sb's money => colour1. there's money in sth profit can be obtained from sth （某事物）有利可图. throw one's money about (infml 口) spend one's money recklessly and ostentatiously 大肆挥霍. you pays your money and you takes your choice => pay2. 派生： moneyed[5mQnid; 5mQnid] adj (dated 旧) having a lot of money; wealthy 有钱的; 富有的: * the moneyed classes 有钱阶级. moneyless adj having no money 无钱的. 复合： `money-back guarantee guarantee to return the money paid if the buyer is not satisfied 退款保证（顾客不满意, 保证退款）. `money-bags n (pl unchanged 复数不变) (infml esp derog 口, 尤作贬义) rich person 有钱人. `money-box n small closed box with a slot in the top, into which coins are put as a method of saving money 扑满; 存钱罐. `money-changer n person whose business is to change money of one country for that of another, usu at the official rate 外币兑换商（通常指按官价兑换的）. `money-grubber n person who greedily wants to gain money, usu by dishonest methods 敛财者（通常指用不正当手段）. `money-grubbing adj. `money-lender n person whose business is to lend money, usu at a high rate of interest 放款者; （通常指）放债者. `money-maker n 1 person who works to gain a lot of money 赚大钱的人. 2 (infml usu approv 口, 通常作褒义) product or business investment that produces a large profit 赚钱的产品或投资. `money-making adj: a money-making plan 有利可图的计画.

money2
`money-market n place of operation of dealers in short-term loans 短期贷款市场. `money order official document for payment of a specified sum of money, issued by a bank or Post Office 汇票; 汇款单. `money-spinner n (infml 口 usu Brit) thing that earns a lot of money 赚大钱的东西: Her new book is a real money-spinner. 她的新书真是棵摇钱树. the `money supply total amount of money that exists in the economy of a country at a particular time （一定时期内全国流通的）货币供应量: control, reduce, increase, etc the money supply 控制、 减少、 增加...货币供应量.

monger
[5mQNgE(r); 5mQNgl] n (only in compounds 仅用以构成复合词) 1 trader or dealer 贩子: * fishmonger * ironmonger, ie sb who sells hardware. 2 (derog 贬) person who makes something unpleasant widely known 传播坏事的人: * a gossip monger * a scandalmonger * a warmonger.

mongol
[5mCNgEl; 5maNgEl] n (usu offensive 通常作轻蔑语) person suffering from Down's syndrome患有唐氏综合症的人; 先天愚型患者. > mongolism[-izEm;-izEm] n [U] (usu offensive 通常作轻蔑语) =Down's syndrome.

mongoose
[5mCNgu:s; 5maNgus] n (pl ~s[-siz; -siz] ) small furry tropical mammal that kills snakes, birds, rats, etc .

mongrel
[5mQNgrEl; 5mQNgrEl] n 1 dog of mixed breed 杂种狗. 2 any plant or animal of mixed origin 杂交的动植物: * [attrib 作定语] a mongrel breed 杂种 * of mongrel stock 混种的.

monitor
[5mCnitE(r); 5manEtl] n 1 device used to observe, record or test sth 监听器; 监视器; 监测器: * a heart monitor 心脏监测器 * a monitor for radioactivity 放射量探测器. 2 person who listens to and reports on foreign radio broadcasts and signals 监听外国广播者. 3 (a) TV screen used in a studio to check or choose the broadcast picture （电视台选播用的）监视屏. (b) (computing 计) screen or other device used for checking the progress and operation of a computer system 监控荧光屏或装置. =>illus at computer 见computer插图. 4 (fem 阴性作 monitress[5mCnitris; 5manEtris] ) pupil with special duties in a school 任某职责的学生: * the homework monitor 家庭作业检查员. 5 any of various large lizards of Africa, Asia or Australia 巨蜥（产於非洲、 亚洲、 澳洲）. 派生： monitor v [Tn] 1 make continuous observation of (sth); record or test the operation of (sth) 持续观察（某事物）; 记录或测试（某物）的运作: monitor sb's performance/progress 监督某人的表现[进步] * monitor a patient's pulse 监测病人的脉搏. 2 listen to and report on (foreign radio broadcasts and signals) 监听（外国无线电广播和信号）.

monk
[mQNk; mQNk] n member of a religious community of men who live apart from the rest of society and who have made solemn promises, esp not to marry and not to have any possessions 修士、 僧侣（尤指誓言不结婚、 不要财产者）. Cf 参看 friar, nun. 派生： monkish adj of or like monks （似）修士的, 僧侣的.

monkey
[5mQNki; 5mQNki] n 1 member of the group of animals most similar to humans in appearance, esp a type of small long-tailed tree-climbing animal 猴; 猿. =>illus 见插图. 2 (infml 口) lively mischievous child 顽皮的儿童: * Come here at once, you little monkey! 马上过来, 你这个小捣蛋! 3 (sl 俚) 500 or $500 500英镑; 500元. 派生： monkey v (phr v) monkey about/around (infml 口) behave in a foolish mischievous way 调皮; 捣蛋: Stop monkeying about! 别调皮了! monkey about/around with sth (infml 口) play or interfere with sth in a careless way 胡摆弄某物或干扰某事: monkey about with a fire extinguisher 乱摆弄灭火器. 复合： `monkey business mischievous or dishonest activity or behaviour 胡闹; 骗人的把戏; 恶作剧: There's been some monkey business going on here! 有人在这里搞鬼! `monkey-nut n peanut 花生. `monkey-puzzle n (also `monkey-puzzle tree) evergreen tree with narrow stiff sharp leaves and interlaced branches 猴谜树（常绿植物, 叶尖而硬, 树枝缠结）. `monkey-wrench n spanner with a jaw that can be adjusted to hold things of different widths 活动扳手; 活扳子.

mono
[5mCnEu; 5mano] adj (infml 口) =monophonic. 派生： mono n [U] (infml 口) monophonic sound or reproduction 单声道录放音或复制: a recording in mono 单声道录音. Cf 参看 stereo.

monochrome
[5mCnEkrEum; 5manE7krom] adj 1 having or using images in black, white and shades of grey; black and white 黑白的: * a monochrome photograph, print, drawing, etc 黑白照片、 印刷品、 图画等 * monochrome television 黑白电视. 2 having or using varying shades of one colour 单色的. 派生： monochrome n (a) [U] monochrome reproduction 单色复制（品）: painting in monochrome 用单色复制的画. (b) [C] monochrome painting, photograph, etc 单色的画、 照片等.

monocle
[5mCnEkl; 5manEkl] n single glass lens for one eye, kept in position by the muscles round the eye 单眼镜.

monocotyledon
[7mCnE7kCti'li:dEn; 7manE7katl'idn] n (botany 植) flowering plant that has one leaf at the embryonic stage 单子叶植物.

monogamy
[mE'nCgEmi; mE'nagEmi] n [U] practice or custom of being married to only one person at a time 一夫一妻（制）. Cf 参看 polygamy. > monogamous/ mE5nCgEmEs; mE`nB^EmEs/ adj

monogram
[5mCnEgrAm; 5manE7grAm] n two or more letters (esp a person's initials) combined in one design and marked on handkerchiefs, notepaper, etc 字母组合图案（用至少两个字母, 尤指姓名首字母, 组成的图案, 用於手帕、 信笺等上）. > monogrammed adj: * a monogrammed shirt 有字母组合图案的衬衫. => illus 见插图.

monograph
[5mCnEgra:f; - -grAf; 5manE7grAf] n detailed scholarly study of one subject 专题研究; 专论; 专文.

monolingual
[7mCnE'liNgwEl; 7manE'liNgwEl] adj using only one language 只用一种语言的: * a monolingual dictionary 单语词典. Cf 参看 bilingual, multilingual.

monolith
[5mCnEliW; 5manl7iW] n large single upright block of stone, usu shaped into a pillar or monument 单块巨石（通常用作柱体或纪念碑）. 派生： monolithic[7mCnE'liWik; 7manl'iWik] adj 1 consisting of one or more monoliths 单块巨石的; 整石料的; 由巨石块料组成的: * a monolithic monument 整块巨石纪念碑. 2 single, massive and unchangeable 庞大而坚如磐石的: * the monolithic structure of the state 国家坚如磐石的庞大结构.

monologue
(US also monolog)[5mCnElCg; - -lC:g; 5manl7Cg] n 1 [C] long speech by one person in a conversation, which prevents other people from talking; soliloquy 长篇谈话（使别人无从插话）; 自言自语. 2 [C, U] (a) long speech in a play, film, etc spoken by one actor, esp when alone; soliloquy （戏剧、 电影等中的）独白; 自言自语. (b) dramatic story, esp in verse, recited or performed by one person 独角戏（尤指诗体的）.

monomania
[7mCnEu'meiniE; 7manE'meniE] n [U] state of mind in which a person is obsessed with one idea or subject 单狂; 偏狂. 派生： monomaniac[7mCnEu'meiniAk; 7manE'meni7Ak] n sufferer from monomania 单狂者; 偏狂者.

monophonic
[7mCnE'fCnik; 7manE'fanik] adj (also infml 口语作 mono) (of sound reproduction) using only one channel of transmission （指声音的复制）单声道的: * a monophonic recording 单声道录音. Cf 参看 stereophonic.

monophthong
[5mCnEfWCN; 5manEf7WCN] n simple or pure vowel sound, in which the speech organs remain in the same position as the sound is pronounced 单元音. Cf 参看 diphthong.

monoplane
[5mCnEplein; 5manE7plen] n aeroplane with only one set of wings 单翼机. Cf 参看 biplane.

monopolize, monopolise
[mE'nCpElaiz; mE'napl7aiz] v [Tn] have a very large share of (sth), so preventing others from sharing it; dominate 独占（某事物）的绝大部分; 垄断: * monopolize a conversation 垄断谈话 * trying to monopolize the supply of oil 企图垄断石油供应 * (fig 比喻) Don't monopolize our special guest there are others who would like to talk to her. 别把持着我们的贵宾--别人还想跟她谈话呢. > monopolization, -isation/ mE9nCpElaI5zeIFn; US -lI5z-; mE9nBplE`zeFEn/ n [U].

monopoly
[mE'nCpEli; mE'napli] n 1 (a) sole right to supply or trade in some commodity or service 专卖（权）; 专利（权）: * gain/hold/secure a monopoly 获得[持有/得到]专利权. (b) commodity or service controlled in this way 专卖品; 专营服务: * In some countries tobacco is a government monopoly. 在有些国家烟草是政府的专卖品. 2 sole possession or control of sth 独占; 控制: * A good education should not be the monopoly of the rich. 良好的教育不应是富人独享的事. * You can't have a complete monopoly of the car I need to use it occasionally. 你不能一人独霸这辆汽车--我偶尔也要用. 派生： monopolist[-list; -list] n person who has a monopoly有专卖或专利权的人; 专卖或专营者. monopolistic/ mE9nCpE5lIstIk; mE9nBpE`lIstIk/ adj.

monorail
[5mCnEureil; 5manE7rel] n [U, C] railway system in which trains travel along a track consisting of a single rail, usu placed high above the ground 单轨, 单轨铁路（通常指高架的）.

monosodium glutamate
[ 9mCnEU9sEUdIEm 5glu:tEmeIt; 9mBnE9sodIEm `^lutE9met] white chemical compound that is added to foods, usu meat, to make their flavour stronger 谷胺酸钠; 味精.

monosyllable
[5mCnEsilEbl; 5mCnE7silEbl] n word with only one syllable, eg it, and, no 单音节词（如it、 and、 no）: * speak in monosyllables, eg when not wanting to talk to sb 用单音节词说话（如不想和某人说话时）. Cf 参看 disyllable. 派生： monosyllabic[7mCnEsi'lAbik; 7manEsi'lAbik] adj 1 having only one syllable 单音节的: * a monosyllabic word 单音节的词. 2 made up of words of only one syllable 由单音节词组成的: * monosyllabic answers, eg saying only `Yes' or `No' when not wanting to give sb any information 单音节词的回答（如不愿提供信息, 只答yes或no）. monosyl-labically[-kli; -kli] adv.

monotheism
[5mCnEuWi:izEm; 5manEWi7izEm] n [U] belief that there is only one God 一神论; 一神教. Cf 参看 polytheism. 派生： monotheist[5mCnEuWi:ist; 5manEWiist] n believer in monotheism 一神论者; 信一神教者. monotheistic[7mCnEuWi:'istik; 7manEWi'istik] adj.

monotone
[5mCnEtEun; 5manE7ton] n [sing] 1 (sound in a) way of speaking in which the pitch of the voice remains level and unchanging 单调（的声音）: * to speak in a monotone 用单调的声音说话. 2 lack of variety, as in a style of writing （文体的）单调, 无变化. 派生： monotone adj [attrib 作定语] without changing the pitch of the voice or the shade of colour （声音或色彩）单调的, 无变化的: monotone concrete buildings 单调的混凝土建 .

monotonous
[mE'nCtEnEs; mE'natnEs] adj not changing and therefore uninteresting; boring or tedious 单调乏味的; 使人厌倦的; 无聊的: * a monotonous voice, ie one with little change of pitch 单调的声音 * monotonous work 单调乏味的工作. > monotonously adv.

monotony
[mE'nCtEni; mE'natni] n [U] state of being monotonous; lack of variety that causes weariness and boredom 单调乏味; 无聊: * relieve the monotony of everyday life 缓解日常生活的单调状况.

monoxide
[mC'nCksaid; man'aksaid] n [U, C] chemicalcompound whose molecules contain one atom of oxygen combined with one or more other atoms 一氧化物: * carbon monoxide 一氧化碳.

Monsieur
[mE'sjE:(r); mE'sjE] n (abbr 缩写 M) (pl Messieurs/mei'sjE:(r); me'sjE] ) (French 法) (title used before the name of a man to refer to him, or used alone as a formal and polite term of address 对男子的称谓, 用於姓名前; 若单独使用时较庄重、 客气) Mr; sir 先生: * M Hercule Poirot 赫尔克里．波瓦先生 * Yes, monsieur. 是, 先生.

Monsignor
[mCn'si:njE(r); man'sinjl] n (abbr 缩写 Mgr) (title of a) high-ranking priest in the Roman Catholic Church 阁下（对天主教高级教士的尊称）.

monsoon
[7mCn'su:n; man'sun] n 1 seasonal wind in S Asia, esp in the Indian Ocean, blowing from SW from April to October and from NE from October to April （南亚的）季风（尤指印度洋上四月至十月的西南风和十月至四月的东北风）. 2 very rainy season that comes with the SW monsoon （西南季风带来的）雨季.

monster
[5mCnstE(r); 5manstl] n 1 (a) large, ugly and frightening creature, esp an imaginary one 巨大、 丑陋、 可怕的怪物（尤指想像的）: * A hideous monster attacked the helpless villagers. 有个丑恶的怪物袭击了手无寸铁的村民. * prehistoric monsters 史前怪物 * Do you believe in the Loch Ness monster? 你相信内斯湖有水怪吗? (b) (usu ugly) animal or plant that is abnormal in form （通常指难看的）畸形的动植物. 2 cruel or evil person 残忍的人; 恶人: * Let go of me, you vicious monster! 放开我, 你这可恶的家伙! 3 thing that is extremely large 极大的东西: * [attrib 作定语] monster high-rise blocks of flats 庞大的高层公寓大楼.

monstrous
[5mCnstrEs; 5manstrEs] adj 1 shocking, unjust or absurd; outrageous 令人震惊的; 不公正的;荒谬的; 凶暴的: * a monstrous lie 厚颜无耻的谎言 * monstrous crimes 骇人听闻的罪行 * It's absolutely monstrous to pay men more than women for the same job. 男女同工而报酬男多於女, 简直太不像话了. 2 like a monster in appearance; ugly and frightening 似怪物的; 丑恶而可怕的: * the monstrous form of a fire-breathing dragon 喷火巨龙可怕的形状. 3 extremely large; gigantic 极大的; 巨大的. 派生： monstrosity/mCn'strCsEti; man'strasEti] n thing that is large and very ugly 巨大而丑陋的东西: * That new multi-storey car-park is an utter monstrosity! 那座新建的多层停车场难看极了! monstrously adv

montage
[5mCnta:V; - mCn'ta:V; man'taV] n 1 (a) [C] picture, film or piece of music or writing made up of many separate items put together, esp in an interesting combination 蒙太奇（由许多部分组合而成的画面、 影片或音乐）. (b) [U] process of making such a picture, film, etc 蒙太奇手法. 2 [U] choosing, cutting and joining of different pieces of film to indicate a passage of time, change of place, etc 蒙太奇（对影片不同镜头的剪辑, 藉以表现时间推移、 地点转换等）.

month
[mQnW; mQnW] n 1 (also ,calendar `month) any of the twelve periods of time into which the year is divided, eg May and June 月份; 月: * We're going on holiday next month. 我们准备下月去度假. * She earns ￡1000 a month. 她一个月挣1000英镑. * The rent is ￡300 per calendar month. 租金每历月300英镑. 2 period of time between a day in one month and the corresponding day in the next month, eg 3 June to 3 July 一个月的时间: * The baby is three months old. 孩子叁个月大了. * several months later 数月後 * the first few months of marriage 结婚最初数月 * [attrib 作定语] a six-month contract 六个月的合同 * a seven-month-old baby 七个月大的孩子. 3 (idm 习语) for/in a ,month of `Sundays (esp in negative sentences 尤用於否定句) for a very long time 很长时间: * I've not seen her for/in a month of Sundays. 我很久没有见到她了. 派生： monthly adj 1 done, happening, published, etc once a month or every month 每月的; 每月一次的: a monthly meeting, visit, magazine 每月一次的例会、 访问、 刊物. 2 payable, valid or calculated for one month 按月支付的; 有效期为一个月的; 按月计算的: a monthly season ticket 月票 * a monthly income of ￡800 800英镑的月收入. adv every month; once a month 每月; 按月; 一月一次地: to be paid monthly 每月得到一次付款. n 1 magazine published once a month 月刊: a literary monthly 文学月刊. 2 season-ticket valid for a month 月票: A monthly is more economical than 4 weeklies. 一张月票比四张周票上算.

monument
[5mCnjumEnt; 5manjEmEnt] n 1 building, column, statue, etc built to remind people of a famous person or event 纪念馆; 纪念碑; 纪念像; 纪念物: * a monument erected to soldiers killed in the war 阵亡将士纪念碑. 2 building, etc that is preserved because of its historical importance to a country （对国家有重要性的）历史遗迹: * an ancient monument 一处古迹. 3 ~ to sth notable thing that stands as a lasting reminder of sb's deeds, achievements, etc （对某人业绩、 成就等的）永久性纪念物: * This whole city is a monument to his skill as a planner and administrator. 这整座城市经他亲自设计并管理, 正是对他的才能的纪念.

monumental
[7mCnju'mentl; 7manjE'mentl] adj 1 [attrib 作定语] of, related to or serving as a monument 纪念物的; 用作纪念的: * a monumental inscription, ie inscribed on a monument 碑铭 * monumental brasses, sculptures, figures, etc 有纪念意义的黄铜纪念牌、 雕塑物、 塑像等. 2 [attrib 作定语] (of buildings, sculptures, etc) very large and impressive （指建 物、 雕塑等）巨大而了不起的: * a monumental arch, column, facade, etc 雄伟的拱形牌坊、 纪念柱、 外观等. 3 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of a literary or musical work) large and of lastingvalue （指文学或音乐作品）伟大而不朽的: * a monumental production 伟大不朽的作品. 4 [usu attrib 通常作定语] exceptionally great 极大的: * a monumental achievement, success, blunder, failure, etc 极大的成就、 成功、 错误、 失败等 * What monumental ignorance! 真是无知之极! 派生： monumentally[-tEli; -tli] adv extremely 极度地; 极端地: * monumentally boring, stupid, successful 极为烦人的、 愚蠢的、 成功的. 复合： ,monumental `mason maker of tombstones, etc 墓碑匠.

moo
[mu:; mu] n long deep sound made by a cow 牛叫声. 派生： moo v [I] make this sound 作牛叫声. 复合： `moo-cow n (used by or to young children 儿语) cow 牛.

mooch
[mu:tF; mutF] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (off/from sb) (US infml 口) get sth by asking; cadge sth 乞讨某物: * mooch money off sb 向某人讨钱. 2 (phr v) mooch about/around (...) (infml 口) wander aimlessly around (a place) 漫步; 闲逛: * mooching around the house with nothing to do 在房子周围无事闲逛.

mood
1[mu:d; mud] n 1 state of one's feelings or mind at a particular time 心境; 情绪: * She's in a good mood (ie happy) today. 她今天心情很好. * He's always in a bad mood (ie irritable and angry) on Mondays. 他每星期一情绪都很坏. * His mood suddenly changed and he became calm. 他的情绪突然一变, 冷静了下来. 2 fit of bad temper; depression 发脾气; 情绪低落: * He's in a mood/in one of his moods today. 他今天闹情绪了. 3 (usu sing 通常作单数) way a group or community feels about sth; atmosphere （人群或社会对某事物的）心态, 气氛: The film captured (ie described very well) the mood of quiet confidence at the hospital. 影片捕捉到了医院里沉着而自信的气氛. 4 (idm 习语) (be) in the mood for (doing) sth/to do sth feeling like doing sth; inclined to do sth 有做某事物的心思或兴致: I'm not in the mood to disagree with you. 我没有心思跟你争论. (be) in no mood for (doing) sth/to do sth not feeling like doing sth; not inclined to sth 没有做某事物的心思或兴致: He's in no mood for (telling) jokes/to tell jokes. 他没心情说笑话. 派生： moody adj (-ier, -iest) 1 having moods that change quickly 喜怒无常的: moody and unpredictable 喜怒无常而又不可捉摸的. 2 bad-tempered; gloomy or sullen脾气坏的; 闷闷不乐的. moodily[-ili; -Eli] adv. moodiness n [U].

moon
1[mu:n; mun] n 1 [sing] (a) (usu 通常作 the moon) the natural body that moves round the earth once every 28 days and shines at night by light reflected from the sun 月球: * explore the surface of the moon 探察月球的表面 * [attrib 作定语] a moon landing 登月. (b) this body as it appears in the sky at a particular time 月亮: * There's no moon tonight, ie No moon can be seen. 今天晚上没有月亮. * a crescent moon 弦月 * a new moon 新月 * a full moon 满月. 2 [C] body that moves round a planet other than the earth （地球以外的）行星的卫星: * How many moons does Jupiter have? 木星有多少卫星? 3 (idm 习语) many `moons ago a long time ago 很久以前: * All that happened many moons ago. 那一切都发生在很久以前. once in a blue moon => once. over the `moon (infml 口) absolutely delighted; ecstatic 非常快乐; 狂喜: * The whole team were over the moon at winning the competition. 全队都为赢得这场比赛而欣喜若狂. promise the earth/moon => promise2. 派生： moonless adj without a visible moon 没有月亮的: a dark, moonless sky/night 黑暗的、 没有月亮的天空[夜晚]. 复合： `moonbeam n ray of moonlight （一道）月光. `moon-face n round face like a moon when seen as a complete circle 圆脸. `moonlight n [U] light of the moon 月光: a walk by moonlight/in the moonlight 月光下的漫步. v (pt, pp -lighted) [I] (infml 口) have a second job, esp at night, in addition to one's regular one during the day 兼职（尤指夜晚的）. `moonlighting n [U]. adj [attrib 作定语] 1 lit by the moon; moonlit 有月光的: a moonlight night 月夜. 2 (idm 习语) do a moonlight `flit (Brit infml 口) leave a place quickly, secretly and at night to avoid paying one's debts, rent, etc 夜间潜逃（为躲债、 逃避交租金等）. `moonlit adj lit by the moon 有月光的: a moonlit night 月夜. `moonshine n [U]

moon1
1 foolish talk, ideas, etc; nonsense 空谈; 妄想; 废话. 2 (US) whisky or other spirits illegally distilled 非法酿造的威士忌或其他烈性酒. `moon-shot n launch of a spacecraft to the moon 向月球发射宇宙飞船. `moonstone n semi-precious stone with a pearly appearance used in making jewellery 月长石. `moonstruck adj slightly mad; unbalanced in the mind; wild and wandering in the mind (supposedly as a result of the moon's influence) 轻度狂乱的, 心态失衡的, 迷乱的（据说因月亮影响所致）.

moor
1[mC:(r); - muEr; mur] n (often pl 常作复数) open uncultivated high area of land, esp one covered with heather 漠泽, 高沼, 荒野, 旷野（尤指石南丛生者）: * go for a walk on the moor/the moors 到野外散步 * the Yorkshire moors 约克郡的漠泽 * a grouse moor, ie where grouse are reared for shooting in sport 松鸡狩猎场. 复合： `moorhen n small water-hen 泽鸡; 水鸡. `moorland[-lEnd; -7lEnd] n [U, C usu pl 作不可数名词或可数名词, 後者通常作复数] land that consists of moor 高沼地: * [attrib 作定语] moorland regions 高沼地带.

moose
[mu:s; mus] n (pl unchanged 复数不变) (US) = elk.

moot
[mu:t; mut] adj (idm 习语) a moot `point/`question matter about which there is uncertainty 悬而未决的事: * It's a moot point whether men or women are better drivers. 男女司机孰优孰劣尚有争论. 派生： moot v [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] (fml 文) raise (a matter) for discussion; propose 提出（一事）供讨论: The question was first mooted many years ago. 这个问题是许多年前就提出的.

mop
[mCp; map] n 1 (a) tool consisting of a bundle of thick strings or a piece of sponge fastened to a long handle, used for cleaning floors 拖把; 墩布. (b) similar tool with a short handle, used for various purposes, eg cleaning dishes 短柄拖把状用具（如洗碗刷）: * a dish mop 洗碗刷. 2 mass of thick (usu untidy) hair 蓬松的（通常指蓬乱的）头发: * a mop of curly red hair 鬈曲而蓬乱的红头发. 派生： mop v (-pp-) 1 [Tn] clean (sth) with a mop 用拖把擦洗（某物）: mop the floor 擦地板. 2 (a) [Tn] wipe (the face), esp with a handkerchief, to remove sweat, tears, etc 擦（脸）（尤指用手帕擦去汗、 泪等）: mop one's brow (with a handkerchief) （用手帕）擦前额. (b) [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) with sth; ~ sth (from sth) wipe (a liquid) from a surface using an absorbent cloth 用吸水的布擦掉（液体）: keep mopping (with a towel) 继续（用毛巾）擦 * mop tears (from one's face) (with a handkerchief) （用手帕）擦去（脸上的）泪水. 3 (phr v) mop sth/sb up (a) remove (spilt or unwanted liquid) by wiping it with an absorbent cloth, a mop, etc （用吸水的布、 拖把等）擦去（泼 的或不想要的液体）: She mopped up the pools of water on the bathroom floor. 她擦 去浴室地面上一滩滩的水. * (Brit) mop up (ie soak up, absorb) one's gravy with a piece of bread 用面包吸乾肉汁. (b) complete (the final parts of a task); deal with (the final members of a group) 结束, 完成（一任务的最後部分）; 对付, 处理（一批中的最後几个）: mop up the last few bits of work 完成最後的几件工作. (c) capture or kill (the remaining small groups of people who continue to fight an army) 扫荡（残敌）; 肃清（残馀分子）: mop up isolated pockets (ie small areas) of resistance 扫荡几处孤立顽抗的小片地区 * engaged in mopping-up operations 进行扫荡.

mope
[mEup; mop] v 1 [I] feel very unhappy and pity oneself 抑郁不乐; 顾影自怜: * Stop moping! 别那麽垂头丧气的! 2 (phr v) mope about/around (...) wander about (a place) in an unhappy or listless mood 闷闷不乐地或无精打采地徘徊: * He's been moping around (the house) all day. 他整天都在（房子）周围瞎转悠. 派生： mope n 1 [C] person who mopes 闷闷不乐的人. 2 [sing] act of moping 抑郁不乐; 顾影自怜: have a bit of a mope 有些闷闷不乐.

moped
[5mEuped; 5moped] n motor cycle with pedals and a petrol engine of low power 摩托自行车. =>illus at motor cycle (motor) 见 motor cycle (motor) 插图.

moquette
[mC'ket; - mEu-; mo'ket] n [U] thick velvety fabric used for carpets and furniture covers 家具绒头织物; 机织绒面毯: * [attrib 作定语] a moquette sofa 绒面沙发.

moraine
[mC'rein, mE'rein; mE'ren] n mass of earth, stones, etc carried along and deposited by a glacier 冰碛（由冰河夹带而淤积的泥土、 砂石等）.

moral
1[5mCrEl; - 'mC:rEl; 5mCrEl] adj 1 [attrib 作定语] concerning principles of right and wrong behaviour; ethical 道德的; 伦理的: * the decline of moral standards 道德标准的下降 * a moral question, problem, judgement, dilemma, etc 有关道德的议题、 问题、 判断、 困惑等 * moral philosophy 伦理学 * challenge sth on moral grounds 就某事的道德依据质疑 * strong moral fibre, ie the courage to face opposition bravely when doing what is right 坚强的道德观念. 2 [attrib 作定语] based on people's sense of what is right and just, not on legal rights and obligations 道德上的; 道义上的: * a moral law, duty, obligation, etc 道德律、 道义上的责任、 道义上的义务 * show moral courage 表现出道德上的勇气. 3 following standards of right behaviour; good or virtuous 有道德的; 品行端正的: * lead a moral life 过着规规矩矩的生活 * a very moral person 品行端正的人. 4 [attrib 作定语] able to understand the differences between right and wrong 能分辨是非的: * Human beings are moral individuals. 人是有辨别是非能力的. 5 teaching or illustrating good behaviour 道德教育的; 有教育意义的: * a moral story, tale, poem, etc 有教育意义的事迹、 故事、 诗等. 派生： morally[-rEli; -rEli] adv 1 in a moral manner 有道德地: * to behave morally 行为端正. 2 with respect to standards of right and wrong 道德上: * morally wrong, unacceptable, reprehensible, etc 道德上错误的、 不以为然的、 应受谴责的 * hold sb morally responsible 认为某人须负道义上的责任. 复合： ,moral `certainty thing that is so probable that there is little room for doubt 确定无疑的事. ,moral `support expression of sympathy or encouragement, rather than practical or financial help 道义上的支持; 精神上的援助: give sb moral support 给某人道义上的支持. ,moral `victory defeat that is in some ways as satisfying as a victory, eg when the principles that one is fighting for are shown to be right 精神上的胜利.

morale
[mE'ra:l; - -'rAl; mE'rAl] n [U] state of confidence, enthusiasm, determination, etc of a person or group at a particular time 士气; 精神状态: * affect/raise/boost/lower/undermine sb's morale 影响[提高/鼓舞/降低/损害]某人的士气 * The news is good for (the team's) morale. 这消息对提高（全队的）士气大有好处.

moralist
[5mCrElist; - 'mC:r-; 5mCrElist] n (often derog 常作贬义) person who expresses or teaches moral principles, esp one who tells people how they should behave 道德说教者; 卫道士.

moralistic
[7mCrE'listik; - 7mC:r-; 7mCrE'listik] adj (usu derog 通常作贬义) having or showing definite but narrow beliefs and judgements about right and wrong actions 是非观念狭隘的; 道德说教的: * a moralistic attitude 说教的态度.

morality
[mE'rAlEti; mE'rAlEti] n 1 [U] principles of good behaviour 美德; 道德; 道义; 伦理: * matters of public/private morality 公共的[个人的]道德问题 * Have standards of morality improved? 道德标准是否已有所改进? 2 [U] (degree of) conforming to moral principles; goodness or rightness 道德原则; 道德性; 道义性; 正当性: * discuss the morality of abortion 讨论堕胎的道德性. 3 particular system of morals 道德体系: * Muslim, Hindu, Christian, etc morality 回教的、 印度教的、 基督教的道德规范. 复合： mo`rality play form of drama, popular in the 15th and 16th centuries, in which good behaviour is taught and where the characters represent good and bad qualities 道德剧（流行於15-16世纪, 以代表善与恶的角色寓意感化的戏剧）.

moralize, moralise
[5mCrElaiz; - 'mC:r-; 5mCrEl7aiz] v[I, Ipr] ~ (about/on sth) (esp derog 尤作贬义) talk or write (usu critically) about right and wrong behaviour, esp in a self-righteous way 训导, 说教（尤指自以为是）: * He's always moralizing about the behaviour of young people. 他总是就年轻人的行为进行说教.

morass
[mE'rAs; mE'rAs] n (usu sing 通常作单数) 1 stretch of low soft wet land; marsh 沼泽. 2 ~ (of sth) (fig 比喻) thing that confuses people or prevents progress 困扰人或阻碍进步的事物; 困境: * a morass of confusion, doubt, despair, etc 困惑、 怀疑、 绝望等的境地 * be caught up in, bogged down in, floundering in a morass of bureaucratic procedures 掉进、 陷入、 挣扎在官僚主义繁文缛节的泥淖中.

moratorium
[7mCrE'tC:riEm; - 7mC:r-; 7mCrE'tCriEm] n(pl ~s) 1 ~ (on sth) temporary stopping of an activity, esp by official agreement 暂停, 中止（尤指经官方同意者）: * declare a moratorium on arms sales 宣布暂停出售武器. 2 legal authorization to delay payment of a debt 延期偿付权.

morbid
[5mC:bid; 5mCrbid] adj 1 (of sb's mind or ideas) having or showing an interest in gloomy or unpleasant things, esp disease or death （指人的心思或观念）病态的, 忧郁的（尤指只想到疾病、 死亡等不快事物者）: * a morbid imagination 病态的想像 * `He might even die.’ `Don't be so morbid.’ ‘他甚至有可能死.’‘别净往坏处想.’ 2 (medical 医) diseased 疾病的: * a morbid growth, eg a cancer or tumour 肿瘤. > morbidity/mC:'bidEti; mCr'bidEti] n [U]. morbidly adv.

mordant
[5mC:dnt; 5mCrdnt] adj (fml 文) very sarcastic; biting 讽刺的; 尖酸的: * mordant criticism/humour/wit 尖刻的批评、 幽默、 妙语.

more
[mC:(r); mCr] indef det, indef pron ~ (sth) (than...) 1 a greater or additional number or amount(of) 更大的; 更多的. (a) (det): * more people, cars, money, imagination 更多的人、 汽车、 钱、 想像物 * more accuracy than originality 准确性多, 创造性少 * more food than could be eaten at one time 一次吃不完的食物 * Would you like some more coffee? 你再来点咖啡吗? * There are two more students here than yesterday. 今天比昨天多两个学生. * I know many more people who'd liketo come. 我知道还有很多人想来. (b) (pron): * Thank you, I couldn't possibly eat any more. 谢谢你, 我真的再也吃不下了. * Is there much more of this film? 这部电影还很长吗? * What more can I say (ie in addition to what has already been said)? 我还能再说什麽? * We need a few more. 我们还需要一些. * I'll take three more. 我再要叁个. * room for no more than three cars 只能容下叁辆汽车的空间 * I hope we'll see more of you, ie see you more often. 我希望我们能多和你见面. => Usage at much1 用法见much1. 2 an increasing number or amount (of sb/ sth) 不断增长的数量: * She spends more and more time alone in her room. 她独自呆在房间里的时间越来越多了. * He's always hungry he seems to want more and more to eat. 他总饿--好像越来越能吃了. 派生： more adv 1 (used to form the comparative of adjs and advs with two or more syllables 与至少有两个音节的形容词或副词构成比较级): more expensive, intelligent, generous, frightened, anxiously 更昂贵、 聪明、 慷慨、 惊慌、 担心 * She read the letter more carefully the second time. 她第二次看信时更仔细了. 2 to a greater extent 更加; 更甚: I like her more than her husband. 我喜欢她甚於她的丈夫. * Try and concentrate more on your work. 你做事精神要再集中些. * This costs more than that. 这个比那个贵. * Please repeat it once more,ie one more time. 请再重复一遍.

more1
* It had more the appearance of a deliberate crime than an accident. 那很像是蓄意的罪行, 而不像是意外的事故. 3 (idm 习语) ,more and `more increasingly 越来越; 越发: I am becoming more and more irritated by his selfish behaviour. 我对他那种自私的行为愈加恼火起来. * He speaks more and more openly about his problem. 他越来越公开地谈他的问题. ,more or `less (a) almost 差不多; 几乎: I've more or less finished reading the book. 我差不多已经把这本书看完了. (b) approximately 大致; 大约; 或多或少: It took more or less a whole day to paint the ceiling. 粉刷天花板用了将近一整天的时间. * I can earn 20 a night, more or less, as a waiter. 我当服务员一晚上能挣20英镑左右. more than happy, glad, willing etc (to do sth) very happy, glad, etc (to do sth) 非常乐意（做某事）: I'm more than happy to take you there in my car. 我非常愿意用汽车把你送去. no more (a) neither 也不: He couldn't lift the table and no more could I. 他抬不动那张桌子, 我也抬不动. (b) not more 和...一样不; 和...都不; 不超过: You're no more capable of speaking Chinese than I am. 你我都不会说汉语. * It's no more than a mile to the shops. 离商业区不过一英里. what is `more in addition; more importantly 而且; 此外; 还有; 更有甚者: They are going to get married, and what's more they are setting up in business together. 他们就要结婚了, 而且还要一起做生意呢. * He's dirty, and what's more he smells. 他很脏, 身上还有味呢.

moreover
[mC:'rEuvE(r); mCr'ovl] adv (used to introducesth new that adds to or supports the previous statement 用以引入新内容以补充或支持前言) further; besides; in addition 再说; 此外; 而且: * They knew the painting was a forgery. Moreover, they knew who had painted it. 他们知道那幅画是膺品. 而且还知道是谁仿画的.

morganatic
[7mC:gE'nAtik; 7mCrgE'nAtik] adj (of a marriage) between a man of high rank (eg a prince) and a woman of lower rank who keeps her lower status, the children having no claim to the property, titles, etc of their father （指婚姻）贵贱联姻的（地位高的子弟, 如王子, 娶地位低的女子, 女方须保持其平民身分, 子女亦不得继承父亲的财产或头衔）. > morganatically[-klI; -klI/ adv.

morgue
[mC:g; mCrg] n building in which dead bodies are kept before being buried or cremated; mortuary 停 房; 陈 所.

moribund
[5mCribQnd; - 'mC:r-; 5mCrE7bQnd] adj (fml 文) at the point of death; about to come to an end 垂死的; 行将消亡的: * a moribund civilization, industry, custom 日趋消亡的文明、 工业、 习惯.

Mormon
[5mC:mEn; 5mCrmEn] n, adj (member) of a religious group founded in the USA in 1830, officially called `The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints' 摩门教, 摩门教徒, 摩门教派的, 摩门教徒的（1830年创立於美国的宗教, 正式名称为‘耶稣基督後期圣徒教会’） > Mormonism[-izEm; -7izEm] n [U].

morn
[mC:n; mCrn] n (usu sing 通常作单数) (arch 古) (esp in poetry) morning （尤用於诗中）早晨.

morning
[5mC:niN; 5mCrniN] n [C, U] 1 (a) early part of the day between dawn and noon or before the midday meal 上午; 早晨; 早上: * They left for Spain early this morning. 他们今天早晨去西班牙了. * The taxi came at 8 o'clock the next morning. 计程车第二天早上8点钟来到. * The discussion group meets in the mornings. 参加讨论的人都在上午开会. * (on) one fine summer morning （在）夏天的一个早晨 * They stayed till Monday morning. 他们住到星期一上午. * I'll see him tomorrow morning. 我明天上午见他. * He swims every morning. 他每天早晨游泳. * on the morning of the wedding 在举行婚礼的那天早晨 * I've been painting the room all morning. 我一上午都在粉刷房间. * She works hard from morning to night. 她从早到晚辛勤工作. * [attrib 作定语] an early morning run 清晨的跑步 * the fresh morning air 早晨清新的空气 * read the morning papers 读晨报 * Morning coffee is now being served. 现在供应早晨的咖啡. (b) period from midnight to noon 半夜至正午的时间: * He died in the early hours of Sunday morning. 他於星期日凌晨逝世. 2 (idm 习语) good `morning (used as a polite greeting or reply to a greeting when people first see each other in the morning and sometimes also when people leave in the morning 用作上午初次见面时的相互问候语, 有时亦用作上午分别时的告别语): * Good morning, Rosalind/Miss Dixon. 罗莎琳德[狄克逊小姐]你好. (In informal use the greeting Good morning is often shortened to just Morning 口语中Good morning常略作Morning). in the `morning (a) during the morning of the next day 第二天上午: * I'll ring her up in the morning. 我明天上午给她打电话. (b) between midnight and noon, not in the afternoon or evening 半夜至中午前的时间: * The accident must have happened at about 11 o'clock in the morning. 事故必是发生在上午11时左右. the morning `after (the night be`fore) (infml 口) the effects of drinking too much alcohol the previous evening; hangover 宿醉.

morning1
派生： mornings adv (esp US) in the morning; every morning 上午; 每天上午: I only work mornings. 我只在上午工作. 复合： ,morning-`after pill pill taken by a woman some hours after sexual intercourse to prevent conception 房事後几小时内口服的女用避孕药. `morning coat long black or grey tailcoat with the front part cut away, worn as part of morning dress 常燕尾服（男子日间穿的黑色或灰色礼服）. `morning dress clothes worn by a man on very formal occasions, eg a wedding, including a morning coat, (usu striped) grey trousers and a top hat 常礼服（男子在婚礼等极隆重场合穿用者, 包括常燕尾服、 通常为有条纹的灰色长裤和高顶礼帽）. ,morning `glory climbing plant with trumpet-shaped flowers that usu close in the afternoons 牵牛花. ,Morning `Prayer service in the Church of England for morning worship （英国国教的）晨祷. `morning sickness feeling of sickness in the morning during the first few months of pregnancy 害喜. the ,morning `star bright planet, esp Venus, seen in the east before sunrise 晨星; （尤指）金星. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Usually the preposition in is used with morning/afternoon/evening, on their own and in combination with other time expressions 介词in通常与morning/afternoon/evening等词连用, 也与含这些词的时间词组连用: in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午[下午/晚上] * at 3 o'clock in the afternoon 下午叁点 * on the 4th of September in the morning 在9月4日上午. In is also used with the adjectives early and late *in也与形容词early和late连用: in the early/late morning 清晨[近午时分]. With other adjectives and in certain other expressions on is used 与其他形容词及某些词组连用时需用on: on a cool morning in spring 春天的一个凉爽的早晨 * on Monday afternoon 在星期一下午 * on the previous/following evening 在头天[第二天]晚上 * on the morning of the 4th of September 在9月4日的上午. Nopreposition is used in combination with tomorrow/this/yesterday afternoon 在tomorrow/this/yesterday afternoon这种形式的词组之前不用任何介词: We arrived yesterday afternoon. 我们昨天下午到的.

morning2
* They'll leave this evening. 他们今天晚上离开. * I'll start work again tomorrow morning. 我明天早晨重新开始工作. See also usage note at time1. 另见time1用法说明.

morocco
[mE'rCkEu; mE'rako] n [U] fine soft leather made from goatskins, or an imitation of this, used for making shoes and covers for books 摩洛哥羊皮革, 仿摩洛哥羊皮革（用以制鞋和封面）.

moron
[5mC:rCn; 5mCran] n 1 (infml derog , 贬) very stupid person 傻瓜; 笨蛋: * He's an absolute moron! 他纯粹是个傻子! * They're a load of morons. 他们是一群笨蛋. 2 adult with the intelligence of an average child of 8-12 years 鲁钝者（智力仅及8-12岁儿童的成年人）. 派生： moronic/mE'rCnik; mE'ranik] adj (infml derog 口, 贬) (behaving) like a moron 似鲁钝者的: * a moronic laugh 傻笑.

morose
[mE'rEus; mE'ros] adj very unhappy, bad-tempered and silent; sullen 闷闷不乐的; 脾气坏的; 抑郁的: * a morose person, manner, expression 闷闷不乐的人、 样子、 表情. > morosely adv. morose-ness n [U].

morpheme
[5mC:fi:m; 5mCrfim] n (linguistics 语言) smallest meaningful unit into which a word can be divided 词素: * `Run-s' contains two morphemes and `un-like-ly' contains three. run-s含有两个词素, un-like-ly含有叁个词素.

morphia
[5mC:fiE; 5mCrfiE] n [U] (dated 旧) = morphine.

morphine
[5mC:fi:n; 5mCrfin] n [U] drug made from opium, used for relieving pain 吗啡.

morphology
[mC:'fClEdVi; mCr'falEdVi] n [U] 1 (biology 生) scientific study of the form and structure of animals and plants 形态学. 2 (linguistics 语言) study of the morphemes of a language and how they are combined to make words 形态学. Cf 参看 grammar 1, syntax. > morphological[7mC:fE'lCdVikl; 7mCrfE'ladVikEl] adj.

morris dance
[5mCris da:ns; - 'mC:ris dAns; 5mCris7dAns] old English folk-dance traditionally performed by men wearing special costumes, with ribbons, bellsand sticks 莫里斯舞（英国民间传统的男子舞蹈）. > morris dancer.

morrow
[5mCrEu; - 'mC:r-; 5mCro] n 1 the morrow [sing] (dated or rhet 旧或修辞) the next day after the present or after any given day 翌日; 次日; 第二天: * on the morrow 於翌日 * They wondered what the morrow had in store for them. 他们想知道明天等待他们的是什麽. 2 (idm 习语) good `morrow (arch 古) (used as a greeting 用作问候语).

Morse
[mC:s; mCrs] n [U] (also ,Morse `code) system of sending messages, using dots and dashes or short and long sounds or flashes of light to represent letters of the alphabet and numbers 莫尔斯电码: * send a message in Morse 用莫尔斯电码发送一信息.

morsel
[5mC:sl; 5mCrsl] n ~ (of sth) small amount or piece of sth, esp food 少量, 一小块（尤指食物）: * a tasty/dainty/choice morsel of food 一点美味的[可口的/精选的]食物 * not have a morsel of common sense 毫无常识.

mortal
[5mC:tl; 5mCrtl] adj 1 that must die; that cannot live for ever 终有一死的; 不能永生的: * All human beings are mortal. 人总有一死. * Here lie the mortal remains of George Chapman, eg as an inscription on a tombstone. 乔治．查普曼的遗体葬於此处（如墓碑上的志文）. 2 causing death; fatal 致死的; 致命的: * a mortal wound, injury, etc 致命的伤、 伤害等 * (fig 比喻) The collapse of the business was a mortal blow (ie a great emotional shock) to him and his family. 公司倒闭是对他及其家庭的致命打击. 3 [attrib 作定语] lasting until death; marked by great hatred; deadly 终生的; 有深仇大恨的; 不共戴天的: * mortal enemies 不共戴天的敌人 * locked in mortal combat, ie a fight that is only ended by the death of one of the fighters 进行殊死的斗争. 4 [attrib 作定语] extreme or intense 极大的; 极度的: * live in mortal fear, terror, danger, etc 生活在极度的恐惧、 恐怖、 危险等中. 5 [attrib 作定语] (dated infml 旧, 口) (used to emphasize what follows and to show annoyance 用以加强後一词的语气, 表示恼怒): * They stole every mortal thing in the house. 他们把屋里所有的东西都通通偷光了. 派生： mortal n human being 人: (joc 谑) They're so grand these days that they probably don't talk to ordinary mortals like us any more. 他们这些日子神气活现, 大概不再和我们这样的普通人说话了. mortally[-tEli; -tli] adv 1 resulting in death 致命地: * mortally wounded 受致命伤. 2 greatly; intensely 极; 很; 非常: * mortally afraid 害怕得要命. 复合： ,mortal `sin (in the Roman Catholic Church) sin that causes the loss of God's grace and leads to damnation unless it is confessed and forgiven （天主教中）弥天大罪.

mortality
[mC:'tAlEti; mCr'tAlEti] n [U] 1 state of being mortal 不免一死. 2 (also mor`tality rate) number of deaths in a specified period of time 死亡率: * Infant mortality (ie The rate at which babies die) was 20 deaths per thousand live births in 1986. 1986年的婴儿死亡率为生育成活率的千分之二十. 3 large number of deaths caused by a disease, disaster, etc （疾病、 灾难等造成的）大量死亡. 复合： mor`tality table (esp in insurance) table showing how long people at various ages may normally be expected to live （尤指保险业的）死亡率表.

mortar
1[5mC:tE(r); 5mCrtl] n [U] mixture of lime or cement, sand and water, used to hold bricks, stones, etc together in building 砂浆; 灰浆. 派生： mortar v [Tn] join (bricks, etc) with mortar 用砂浆砌合（砖等）.

mortgage
[5mC:gidV; 5mCrgidV] n (a) agreement in which money is lent by a building society, bank, etc for buying a house or other property, the property being the security 抵押; 抵押契据: * apply for/take out a mortgage 申请[办妥]抵押事宜 * It's difficult to get a mortgage on an old house. 以旧房作抵押很难获准. * [attrib 作定语] a mortgage agreement/deed 抵押协议[契约]. (b) sum of money lent in this way 押款: * We've got a mortgage of 40000. 我们得到40000英镑的抵押借款. * [attrib 作定语] monthly mortgage payments, ie money to repay the sum borrowed and the interest on it 按月偿还抵押借款本息的钱. 派生： mortgage v [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) (for sth) give sb the legal right to take possession of (a house or some other property) as a security for payment of money lent 抵押（房产等）: He mortgaged his house in order to start a business, ie borrowed money with his house as a security. 他用房产押款创业. * The house is mortgaged (to the bank) (for 30000). 这所房子已经（以30000英镑）（向银行）作了抵押. mortgagee/ 9mR:gI5dVi:; 9mRr^I`dVi/ n person or firm that lends money in mortgage agreements 承受抵押者. mortgager/ 5mR:gIdVE(r); `mRr^IdVL/ (also, in legal use 用於法律条文, 亦作 mortgagor[7mC:gi'dVC:r; 5mCrgidVCr] ) n person who borrows money in a mortgage agreement 抵押者.

mortician
[mC:'tiFn; mCr'tiFEn] n (US) =undertaker.

mortify
[5mC:tifai; 5mCrtE7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) 1 [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] cause (sb) to be very ashamed or embarrassed 使（某人）深感羞辱或难堪: * He was/felt mortified. 他深感羞愧. * a mortifying failure, defeat, mistake, etc 使人丢脸的失败、 挫折、 错误等. 2 [Tn] (fml or joc 文或谑) control (human desires or needs) by discipline or self-denial 约束, 克制（欲望或需要）: * mortify the flesh, ie one's body 克制肉欲. > mortification[7mC:tifi'keiFn; 7mCrtEfE'keFEn] n [U] : * To his mortification, he was criticized by the managing director in front of all his junior colleagues. 他在全体下级同事面前受到总经理的批评, 感到很难堪.

mortise
(also mortice)[5mC:tis; 5mCrtis] n (usu rectangular) hole cut in a piece of wood, etc to receive the end of another piece so that the two are held together （通常为矩形的）卯眼, 榫眼, 榫孔. Cf 参看 tenon. 派生： mortise (also mortice) v 1 [Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ A to/into B; ~ A and B together join or fasten things with a mortise 用卯眼接合: The cross-piece is mortised into the upright post. 横梁和立柱是用榫眼接合一起的. 2 [Tn] cut a mortise in (sth) 在（某物上）开榫眼. 复合： `mortise lock lock that is fitted inside a hole cut into the edge of a door, not one that is screwed onto the surface （嵌入门里的）暗锁.

mortuary
[5mC:tFEri; - 'mC:tFueri; 5mCrtFu7eri] n room or building (eg part of a hospital) in which dead bodies are kept before being buried or cremated 停 房, 太平间（如医院中的）. > mortuary adj [attrib 作定语] (fml 文) of death or burial 死的; 埋葬的: * mortuary rites 葬礼.

mosaic
[mEu'zeiik; mo'zeik] n 1 [C, U] picture or pattern made by placing together small pieces of glass, stone, etc of different colours 马赛克（用不同颜色的小块玻璃, 石子等材料拼凑, 镶嵌成的图画或图案）: * ancient Greek mosaics 古希腊的马赛克 * a design in mosaic 马赛克图案 * [attrib 作定语] a mosaic design, pavement, ceiling 马赛克的图案、 地面、 天花板. 2 [C usu sing 通常作单数] ~ (of sth) design or pattern made up of many different individual items; patchwork 镶嵌画; 镶嵌图案: * a rich mosaic of meadows, rivers and woods 由草地、 河流和林木组成的五光十色的镶嵌画.

moselle
[mEu'zel; mo'zel] n [C, U] (type of) dry white wine from the valley of the river Moselle in Germany 摩泽尔白葡萄酒（产自德国摩泽尔河流域）.

mosey
[5mEuzi; 5mozi] v [Ipr, Ip] (US infml 口) walk aimlessly (in the specified direction); amble 漫步; 溜达: * I'd best be moseying along, ie leaving. 我最好还是走吧. * Why don't you mosey round to my place? 你溜达着到我这儿来好吗?

Moslem
=Muslim.

mosque
[mCsk; mask] n building in which Muslims worship 清真寺.

mosquito
[ mEs5ki:tEU, also, in British use, 英式英语读作 mCs-; mE`skito] n (pl ~es) small flying insect (esp the type that spreads malaria) the female of which sucks the blood of people and animals 蚊; （尤指）疟蚊. 复合： mos`quito-net n net hung over a bed, etc to keep mosquitoes away 蚊帐.

moss
[mCs; - mC:s; mCs] n 1 [U, C] very small green or yellow flowerless plant growing in thick masses on damp surfaces or trees or stones 藓; 苔: * moss-covered rocks, walls 长满青苔的岩石、 墙. Cf 参看 lichen. 2 (idm 习语) a rolling stone gathers no moss => roll2. 派生： mossy adj 1 covered with moss 长满青苔的: mossy bark 长满表苔的树皮. 2 like moss 似苔的: mossy green 像苔藓的绿色. 复合： `moss-grown adj covered with moss 长满青苔的.

mossback
[5mCsbAk; - 'mC:s-; 5mCs7bAk] n (US infml 口) old-fashioned person with very conservative ideas 守旧的人.

most
1[mEust; most] indef det, indef pron (used as the superlative of many, much2 用作many、 much2的最高级) 1 greatest in number, amount or extent 最大的; 最多的. (a) (det): * Who do you think will get (the) most votes? 你认为谁会得票最多? * Peter made the most mistakes of all the class. 彼得的错误是全班最多的. * When we toured Italy we spent most time in Rome. 我们到意大利旅行时, 在罗马花的时间最多. * Most racial discrimination is based on ignorance. 种族歧视的产生大都出於无知. (b) (pron): * We all had some of the cake; I probably ate (the) most, ie more than the others ate. 我们都吃了一些蛋糕, 我可能吃得最多. * Harry got 6 points, Susan got 8 points but Alison got most. 哈里得了6分, 苏珊得了8分, 但艾莉森得分最多. * The person with the most to lose is the director. 损失最大的是主任. =>Usage at much1 用法见much1. 2 more than half of sb/sth; the majority of sb/sth 大部分的; 大半的; 大多数的. (a) (det): * Most European countries are democracies. 大多数欧洲国家都是民主国家. * Most classical music sends me to sleep. 古典音乐我大多听着听着就睡着了. * The new tax laws affect most people. 新税则影响到大多数人. * I like most vegetables. 大多数的蔬菜我都喜欢. (b) (pron): * It rained for most of the summer. 夏天大部分时间都下雨. * As most of you know, I've decided to resign. 你们多数人都已经知道, 我决定辞职了. * There are hundreds of verbs in English and most are regular. 英语动词数以千计, 大多数都是规则动词. * He has a lot of free time he spends most of it in the garden. 他空闲时间很多--大都消磨在花园里了. 3 (idm 习语) `at (the) most as a maximum; not more than 至多; 最多; 顶多; 不超过: * At (the) most I might earn 250 a night. 一晚上我至多可挣250英镑. * There were 50 people there, at the very most. 那里满打满算有50人. 派生： mostly adv almost all; generally 几乎全部; 大多; 多半; 大体: (infml 口) The drink was mostly lemonade. 当时的饮料主要是汽水.

most1
* We're mostly out on Sundays. 我们星期日多半不在家.

mote
[mEut; mot] n 1 small particle, usu of dust; speck 微粒; （通常指）尘埃. 2 (idm 习语) the mote in sb's `eye (dated 旧) the minor fault that sb has committed, when compared with one's own much greater fault （与自己的大错相比）某人的小错、 小毛病或小缺点.

motel
[mEu'tel; mo'tel] n hotel for motorists, with space for parking cars near the rooms 汽车旅馆（为驾车旅客提供停车场者）.

motet
[mEu'tet; mo'tet] n short piece of church music, usu for voices only 经文歌（通常无伴奏）. Cf 参看 anthem.

moth
[mCW; - mC:W; mCW] n 1 insect like a butterfly but less brightly coloured, flying mainly at night and attracted to bright lights 蛾. 2 (also clothes moth) small similar insect that breeds in cloth, fur, etc, its young feeding on the cloth and making holes in it 衣蛾. 复合： `mothball n 1 small ball made of a strong-smelling substance, used for keeping moths away from stored clothes 卫生球; 樟脑丸. 2 (idm 习语) in `mothballs stored and not used for a long time 封存不用: old aircraft kept in mothballs 封存的旧飞机. `moth-eaten adj 1 eaten, damaged or destroyed by moths 虫蛀的; 蛀坏的: moth-eaten old clothes 蛀坏的旧衣物. 2 (infml derog 口, 贬) (a) looking very old; shabby or worn out 破旧的; 破烂的: moth-eaten armchairs 破旧的单座沙发. (b) old-fashioned; out of date 陈旧的; 过时的: moth-eaten ideas 陈腐的想法. `mothproof adj (of clothes) treated chemically against damage by moths （指衣物）防蛀的, 不蛀的. v [Tn] make (clothes) mothproof 对（衣物）作防虫处理.

mother
[5mQTE(r); 5mQTl] n 1 female parent of a child or animal 母亲; 妈妈: * My mother died when I was 6. 我6岁时母亲去世了. * the relationship between mother and baby 母婴之间的关系 * How are you, Mother? 妈妈, 您好吗? * an expectant (ie a pregnant) mother 孕妇 * [attrib 作定语] Look how the mother chimpanzee cares for her young. 瞧, 母黑猩猩多爱护小仔儿啊. =>App 8 见附录8. 2 (way of addressing the) head of a female religious community 女子宗教团体的主持人或对其之称呼: * Pray for me, Mother. 教母, 请为我祈祷吧. 3 (way of addressing an old woman) （对年长妇女的称呼）大妈, 大娘. 4 (idm 习语) necessity is the mother of invention => necessity. old enough to be sb's father/mother => old. 派生： mother v [Tn] 1 care for (sb/sth) as a mother does; rear 像母亲般关怀或照管（某人[某事物]）; 养育: piglets mothered by a sow 由一母猪照料的猪仔. 2treat (sb) with too much protection or care 溺爱（某人）; 对（某人）过分爱护: He likes being mothered by his landlady. 他喜欢女房东无微不至地照顾他. `Mothering Sunday (also `Mother's Day) the fourth Sunday in Lent, when mothers traditionally receive gifts and cards from their children 母亲节. motherhood[-hud; -7hud] n [U] state of being a mother 母亲身分: * She finds motherhood very rewarding. 她认为做母亲得偿所愿. motherless adj having no mother 无母亲的. motherlike adj in the manner of a mother 像母亲的: a motherlike smile, embrace 慈母般的微笑、 拥抱. motherly adj having or showing the kind and tender qualities of a mother 母亲的; 母性的; 母爱的: motherly love, affection, care, etc 母亲的爱、 疼爱、 关怀等 * a motherly kiss 慈母的吻. motherliness n [U]. 复合： `mother country (fml 文) 1 one's native country 祖国. 2 country in relation to its colonies （殖民地的）母国. `mother-in-law n (pl mothers-in-law) mother of one's wife or husband 岳母; 婆婆. =>App 8 见附录8.

mother1
`motherland[-lnd; -7lAnd] n one's native country 祖国. ,Mother `Nature (often joc 常作戏谑语) nature considered as a force that affects the world and human beings 大自然（视为影响万物的力量）: Leave the cure to Mother Nature. She knows best. 要想痊愈就听其自然吧. 老天爷最有办法. ,mother-of-`pearl n [U] (also nacre) hard smooth shiny rainbow-coloured substance that forms the lining of some shells (eg oysters, mussels) and is used for making buttons, ornaments, etc 珠母层; 珍珠母: [attrib 作定语] a mother-of-pearl ear-ring, necklace, brooch, etc 珠母耳环、 项 、 饰针等. `mother's boy (infml derog 口, 贬) boy or man, esp one considered emotionally weak, whose character and behaviour are influenced too much by the protection of his mother （因性格和行为受母亲溺爱的影响）感情脆弱的男性儿童或成人. `Mother's Day = Mothering Sunday. `mother ship ship from which smaller ships get supplies 母船, 母舰（可供给小船补给的）. ,Mother Su`perior head of a convent 女隐修院院长. ,mother-to-`be n (pl mothers-to-be) woman who is pregnant 孕妇. `mother tongue language that one first learned to speak as a child; one's native language 母语; 本国语; 本族语.

motif
[mEu'ti:f; mo'tif] n 1 decorative design or pattern 装饰的图案或式样: * an eagle motif on the curtains 帷幕上的鹰的图案. 2 theme or idea that is repeated and developed in a work of music or literature （音乐的）乐旨, 动机; （文学的）主题.

motion
[5mEuFn; 5moFEn] n 1 [U] (manner of) moving 运动; 移动; 动态: * the swaying motion of the ship 船的左右摇摆 * The object is no longer in motion, ie has stopped moving. 该物体已不处於运动状态. 2 [C] particular movement; way of moving part of the body; gesture 动作; 身体某部分的运动方式; 姿态: * with a sudden, single, upward, downward, etc motion of the hand 手的突然的、 单一的、 向上的、 向下的...一动. 3 [C] formal proposal to be discussed and voted on at a meeting 动议; 提议: * propose, put forward, reject, etc a motion 提、 提出、 否决...一动议 * The motion was adopted/carried by a majority of six votes. 该动议以六票的多数获采纳[通过]. 4 [C] (fml 文) (a) act of emptying the bowels 大便: * regular motions 按时大便. (b) waste matter emptied from the bowels; faeces 粪便: * solid motions 成形粪便. 5 (idm 习语) go through the motions (of doing sth) (infml 口) pretend to do sth; do sth but without sincerity or serious intention 装出做某事物的样子; 敷衍: * He went through the motions of welcoming her friends but then quickly left the room. 他虚应故事欢迎一下她的朋友, 转眼就离开了房间. put/set sth in `motion cause sth to start moving or operating 使某物开始运动或运转: * set machinery in motion 开动机器 * (fig 比喻) put the new campaign in motion 开展新的运动. Cf 参看 slow motion (slow1). 派生： motion v 1 [Ipr, Dn.t no passive 不用於被动语态, Dpr.t] ~ to sb indicate to sb by a gesture 以姿势向某人示意: He motioned to the waiter. 他向侍者示意. * He motioned (to) me to sit down. 他示意我坐下. 2 [Tn.pr, Tn.p] direct (sb) in the specified direction by a gesture 用姿势给（某人）指示方向: motion sb to a chair, away, in, etc 示意某人就座、 离开、 进入等. motionless adj not moving; still 不动的; 静止的: standing motionless 站着不动.

motion1
复合： ,motion `picture (esp US) cinema film 电影.

motivate
[5mEutiveit; 5motE7vet] v 1 [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] be the reason for (sb's action); cause (sb) to act in a particular way; inspire 作为（某人行为）的动机; 使（某人）以某方式行事: * be motivated by greed, fear, love, etc 受贪欲、 恐惧、 爱等驱使. 2 [Tn, Cn.t] stimulate the interest of (sb); cause to want to do sth 激发（某人）的兴趣; 使欲做某事物: * a teacher who can motivate her pupils (to work harder) 善於诱导学生（努力学习）的教师. > motivated adj: * a politically motivated murder 出於政治动机的谋杀 * be highly motivated, ie very keen to do sth 有高度积极性（非常热衷於做某事物）. motivation[7mEuti'veiFn; 7motE'veFEn] n [C, U]: * the basic financial motivations for the decision 做出该决定的基本上在财务方面的考虑 * They lack the motivation to study. 他们缺乏学习的积极性.

motive
[5mEutiv; 5motiv] n ~ (for sth) that which causes sb to act in a particular way; reason 动机; 原因: * The police could not find a motive for the murder. 警方未能找出谋杀者的动机. * question sb's motives 对某人的动机提出疑问 * the profit motive, ie the desire to makea profit 图利的动机. =>Usage at reason1 用法见reason1.> motive adj [attrib 作定语] causing movement or action 产生运动的; 起动的; 发动的: * motive force/power, eg electricity, to operate machinery 动力. motiveless adj: an apparently motiveless crime 显然无动机的犯罪行为.

motley
[5mCtli; 5matli] adj 1 (derog 贬) of many different types of people or things 混杂的; 形形色色的: * wearing a motley collection of old clothes 穿着各式各样的旧衣服 * a motley crowd/crew, ie a group of many different types of people 成分混杂的人群[一帮人]. 2 [attrib 作定语] of various colours 杂色的; 不同颜色的: * a motley coat, eg one worn by a jester in former times 杂色花衣（如旧时小丑穿的）. 派生： motley n [U] (formerly) clothes worn by a jester （旧时）（小丑穿的）杂色花衣: put on/wear the motley, ie dress as or play the part of a jester 穿杂色花衣（穿得像小丑或扮演小丑）.

motor
[5mEutE(r); 5motl] n 1 (a) device that changes (usu electric) power into movement, used to make machines work 发动机; 马达: * an electric motor 电动机. (b) device that changes fuel (eg petrol) into energy to provide power for a vehicle, boat, etc 内燃机: * an outboard motor, ie one attached to the back of a small boat 船外发动机（装於小船尾部者）. 2 (Brit dated or joc 旧或谑) car 汽车. 派生： motor adj [attrib 作定语] 1 having or driven by a motor (1) 有发动机的; 由发动机驱动的: motor vehicles 机动车辆 * a motor mower 机动刈草机. 2 of or for vehicles driven by a motor 机动车辆的; 为机动车辆的: motor racing 汽车比赛 * motor insurance 汽车保险 * the motor trade 汽车业 * the Motor Show 汽车展览 * a motor mechanic 汽车机械工. 3 giving or producing motion 产生运动的: motor nerves, ie those that carry impulses from the brain to the muscles 运动神经. motor v [I, Ipr, Ip] (dated 旧 Brit) travel by car 乘汽 车: They spent a pleasant afternoon motoring through the countryside. 他们一下午都在郊野开着汽车, 十分愉快. motoring[5mEutEriN; 5motEriN] n [U] driving in a car 开汽车: * [attrib 作定语] a motoring offence 汽车驾驶违章. motorist[5mEutErist; 5motlist] n person who drives a car 开汽车的人. Cf 参看 pedestrian. motorize, -ise[5mEutEraiz; 5motl7aiz] v [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] 1 equip (sth) with a motor 给（某物）装发动机: * motorized vehicles 机动车辆. 2 equip (troops, etc) with motor vehicles 给（部队等）装备机动车辆: * motorized infantry 摩托化步兵. 复合： `motor bike (infml 口) = motor cycle. `motor boat (usu small) fast boat driven by an engine （通常指小的）摩托船. motorcade[5mEutEkeid; 5motl7ked] n procession of motor vehicles, often with important people travelling in them 汽车长列（其中常有要人）.

motor1
`motor car (Brit fml 文) = car 1. `motor cycle (also infml 口语作 `motor bike) road vehicle with two wheels, driven by an engine, with one seat for the driver and usu with space for a passenger behind the driver 摩托车. `motor-cyclist n rider of a motor cycle 骑摩托车的人. `motor-scooter = scooter 1. `motorway n (Brit) (abbr 缩写 M) (US ex`pressway) wide road specially built for fast-moving traffic, with a restricted number of places for entry and exit and separate carriageways for vehicles travelling in opposite directions 高速公路: join/leave a motorway 开上[开离]高速公路 * You're not allowed to stop on motorways. 高速公路上不得停车. * [attrib 作定语] a motorway service station 高速公路汽车加油站. =>Usage at road 用法见road.

mottled
[5mCtld; 5matld] adj marked with patches of different colours without a regular pattern 杂色的; 斑驳的: * the mottled skin of a snake 蛇身上有花纹的皮.

motto
[5mCtEu; 5mato] n (pl ~es) 1 short sentence or phrase chosen and used as a guide or rule of behaviour or as an expression of the aims or ideals of a family, a country, an institution, etc 箴言; 格言; 座右铭: * My motto is: * `Live each day as it comes.’ 我的座右铭是: * ‘有一天过一天.’ * What's your school motto? 你们校训是什麽? 2 (esp Brit) witty remark or riddle or short saying printed on a piece of paper, esp inside a Christmas cracker 隽语、 谜语或谚语的纸签（尤指圣诞节彩包爆竹中的）.

mould
1 (US mold)[mEuld; mold] n 1 (a) hollow container with a particular shape, into which a soft or liquid substance (eg jelly or molten metal) is poured to set or cool into that shape 模子; 铸模; 铸型: * a jelly mould in the shape of a racing car 赛车形果冻模子. =>illus 见插图. (b) jelly, pudding, etc made in such a container 用模子塑出的果冻、 布丁等. 2 (usu sing 通常作单数) particular type of (a person's) character 性格; 气质: * He doesn't fit (into) the traditional mould of a university professor. 他没有大学教授那种传统的气质. * They are all cast in the same/a similar mould, ie They all have similar attitudes and ways of behaving. 他们都是一个模子铸出的（态度和行为一模一样）. 派生： mould v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] (a) ~ sth (into sth) shape (a soft substance) into a particular form or object 使（软材料）成形: mould plastic (into drain-pipes) 用塑料模压（成排水管）. (b) ~ sth (from/out of/in sth) make sth by shaping it 塑造某物: mould a head out of/in clay 用黏土塑造头像. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (into sb/sth) guide or control the development of sb/sth; shape or influence sb/sth 指导或控制某人[某事物]的发展; 塑造或影响某人[某事物]: mould sb's character 塑造某人的性格 * Television moulds public opinion. 电视能影响舆论. * mould a child into a mature adult 把孩子造就为成熟的成年人. 3 [Ipr, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) to/round sth (cause sth to) fit tightly round the shape of (an object) （使某物）与（某物体）的外形吻合: Her wet clothes moulded round her body. 她的湿衣服紧贴在身上.

moulder
(US molder)[5mEuldE(r); 5moldl] v [I, Ip] ~ (away) crumble to dust; decay slowly 崩塌; 碎裂; 腐烂: * the mouldering ruins of an old castle 古堡逐渐坍塌的遗迹.

moulding
(US molding)[5mEuldiN; 5moldiN] n 1 [U] action of shaping; way in which sth is shaped 模制;压模; 模塑; 造型法: * (fig 比喻) the moulding of young people's characters 对年轻人性格的塑造. 2 [C] (architecture 建) line of ornamental plaster, carved woodwork, etc typically along the top of sth, eg a wall线脚.

moult
(US molt)[mEult; molt] v [I] (a) (of birds) lose feathers before a new growth （指鸟类）换羽. (b) (of dogs, cats, etc) lose hair （指狗、 猫等）脱毛: * a dog that moults all over the house 那条狗, 脱的毛满屋都是. 派生： moult n [C, U] process or time of moulting 换羽; 脱毛; 换羽期; 脱毛期.

mound
[maund; maund] n 1 mass of piled-up earth; small hill 小丘; 土墩; 小土岗. 2 pile or heap; quantity of things to do 堆; 垛; 要做的一堆事: * a mound of mashed potato 一堆捣烂的土豆泥 * a mound of washing and ironing 一堆要洗熨的衣物.

mount
1[maunt; maunt] n (arch, except in place names, usu written Mt 古词, 但仍可用於地名, 通常略作Mt) mountain; hill 山; 峰: * Mt Etna, Everest, etc 埃特纳火山、 埃佛勒斯峰（即珠穆朗玛峰） * the Mount of Olives 橄榄 山 * St Michael's Mount 圣迈克尔山.

mountain
[5mauntin; - -ntn; 5mauntn] n 1 [C] mass of very high rock going up to a peak 山; 山岳: * Everest is the highest mountain in the world. 埃佛勒斯（即珠穆朗玛）峰是世界上最高的山. * [attrib 作定语] mountain peaks, paths, streams, etc 山峰、 山道、 山溪 * the refreshing mountain air 山中清新的空气. 2 [sing] ~ of sth (fig 比喻) (a) large heap or pile, esp of work needing attention 大量, 大堆（尤指需处理的工作）: * a mountain of paperwork, unanswered letters, correspondence, washing and ironing, etc 大批书面作业、 未覆函件、 信件、 洗熨的衣物等. (b) large overwhelming amount (of difficulties) 大量, 重重（的困难）: * a mountain of debts, complaints, queries 大量的欠债、 投诉、 询问. 3 [C usu sing 通常作单数] large surplus stock 大量的积压或过剩: * the butter mountain, ie large unsold amount of butter in the EEC 黄油过剩（欧洲经济共同体大量积压的黄油）. 4 (idm 习语) make a ,mountain out of a `molehill (derog 贬) make a trivial matter seem important 小题大做. 派生： mountaineer[7maunti'niE(r); - -ntn'iEr;7mauntn'ir] n person who is skilled at climbing mountains 爬山家. mountaineering[7maunti'niEriN; - -ntn'iE-; 7mauntn'iriN] n [U] climbing mountains (as a sport) 登山（运动）: * [attrib 作定语] a mountaineering expedition 登山探险. mountainous[5mauntinEs; - -ntEnEs; 5mauntnEs] adj 1 having many mountains 多山的: * mountainous country 山国. 2 huge; rising like mountains 巨大的; 高耸如山的: * mountainous waves 排山巨浪. 复合： ,mountain `ash type of tree with scarlet berries; rowan 欧洲花楸. ,mountain `chain, ,mountain `range row or series of mountains more or less in a straight line 山脉. =>illus 见插图. ,mountain `lion = puma. `mountain sickness illness caused by thin air on high mountains 高山病. `mountainside n side or slope of a mountain 山腹; 山腰; 山坡.

mountebank
[5mauntibANk; 5mauntE7bANk] n (dated or rhet derog 旧或修辞, 贬) person who tries to cheat others by clever talk; swindler 江湖骗子.

Mountie
[5maunti; 5maunti] n (infml 口) member of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police 加拿大皇家骑警.

mourn
[mC:n; mCrn] v [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (for/over sb/sth) feel or show sorrow or regret for the loss of sb/sth 因丧失某人[某事物]而悲痛或表示哀悼: * She mourned (for/over) her dead child for many years. 她孩子死了多年, 她仍哀伤不已. * We all mourn the destruction of a well-loved building. 我们都为毁掉心爱的建 物而痛惜. 派生： mourner n person who mourns, esp one who attends a funeral as a friend or relative of the dead person 哀悼者（尤指参加葬礼的亲友）. mournful[-fl; -fEl] adj (often derog 常作贬义) sad; sorrowful 悲哀的; 令人悲痛的: * a mournful look on her face 她脸上的悲哀神情 * I wish you'd stop playing that mournful music. 你别奏那种哀乐了吧. mournfully[-fElI; -fElI/ adv. mournfulness n [U]. mourning n [U] black or dark clothes worn as a (conventional) sign of grief at sb's death 丧服（黑色或深色的）: When grandmother died they went into (ie started to wear) mourning. 祖母逝世时他们开始服丧. * She was in mourning for a month. 她服丧一个月.

mouse
[maus; maus] n (pl mice/mais; mais] ) 1 (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) (any of several kinds of) small rodent with a long thin tail 鼠: * a `house mouse 家鼠 * a `field-mouse 田鼠 * a `harvest-mouse 收割鼠. =>illus 见插图. 2 (fig esp joc or derog 比喻, 尤作戏谑语或作贬义) shy, timid person 羞怯、 胆小的人: * His wife, a strange little mouse, never said anything. 他的妻子竟然 胆小如鼠, 一句话都没说. * Are you a man or a mouse (ie brave or cowardly)? 你是男子汉还是胆小鬼? 3 (computing 计) small hand-held device that is moved across a desk-top, etc to produce a corresponding movement of the cursor, with buttons for entering commands 鼠标; 滑鼠. =>illus at computer 见computer插图. 4 (idm 习语) play cat and mouse/a cat-and-mouse game with sb => cat1. quiet as a mouse => quiet. 派生： mouser[5mausE(r), 'mauzE(r); 5mauzl] n cat that hunts for or catches mice 善捕鼠的猫. mousy[5mausi; 5mausi] adj (-ier, -iest) (derog 贬) 1 (esp of hair) dull brown （尤指毛发）灰褐色的. 2 (of people) timid; shy （指人）胆小的, 羞怯的. 复合： `mousetrap n trap for catching mice 捕鼠器. ,mousetrap `cheese (joc 谑) cheese of poor quality or taste, not good to eat 劣质奶酪.

moussaka
[mu:'sa:kE; mu'sakE] n [U] Greek dish made of minced meat and vegetables (usu including aubergine and tomato), cooked in the oven 希腊式肉末烧茄子.

mousse
[mu:s; mus] n [U, C] 1 cold dish made of cream, egg-whites, etc mixed lightly and flavoured with sth sweet (fruit or chocolate) or sth savoury (fish or meat) 奶油冻: * a/some banana, strawberry, raspberry, etc mousse 一份[一些]香蕉、 草莓、 悬钩子...奶油冻 * salmon mousse 鱼奶油冻. 2 thick creamy liquid put on the hair to shape it or improve its condition 护发定型乳剂: * styling/conditioning mousse 固发定型[护发]乳剂.

moustache
[mE'sta:F; mE'stAF] (US mustache/ 5mQstF; `mQstAF/) n 1 [C] hair allowed to grow onthe upper lip 髭. =>illus at head 见head插图. Cf 参看 beard1 a, whisker 1. 2 moustaches [pl] long moustache 长髭.

mouth
1[mauW; mauW] n (pl ~s/mauTz; mauTz] ) 1 [C] opening through which animals take in food; space behind this containing the teeth, tongue, etc 嘴; 口: * `Open your mouth a little wider,’ said the dentist. ‘把嘴张大点,’牙科医生说. * Don't talk with your mouth full. 嘴里有东西时不要说话. * (fig 比喻) Every time I open my mouth (ie speak) he contradicts me. 我一说话他就反对. * (derog 贬) She's got a big mouth, ie talks a lot and (esp) reveals secrets. 她嘴不稳（话多, 尤指泄密）. =>illus at head 见head插图. 2 [U] (infml derog 口, 贬) (a) meaningless or ineffectual talk 空话; 无聊的话: * He's all mouth and no action. 他这人光说不干. (b) impudent talk; rudeness 无礼的话; 粗鲁: * I don't want any mouth from you! 你别给我多嘴! 3 [C] place where sth (eg a bag, bottle, tunnel, etc) opens 开口处（如袋口、 瓶口、 隧道口等）: * inside/in/at the mouth of a cave 在洞口内[里/旁]. 4 [C] place where a river enters the sea 河口. 5 [C] person requiring to be fed （需要供养的）人: * She's got five mouths to feed, eg children. 她得养活五口人. 6 (idm 习语) born with a silver spoon in one's mouth => born. butter wouldn't melt in sb's mouth => butter. by word of mouth => word. down in the mouth dejected; depressed 沮丧; 情绪低落. from the horse's mouth => horse. keep one's `mouth shut (infml 口) not reveal a secret, esp of dishonest or criminal activity 一声不吭, 保持缄默（尤指对坏事或罪行）: * He'd better keep his mouth shut, or else...! 他最好保持沉默, 否则...! leave a bad/nasty taste in the mouth => leave1. live from hand to mouth => live2. look a gift horse in the mouth => gift. out of the mouths of babes and `sucklings (saying 谚) children often speak wisely 黄口小儿的话也常有道理. put one's money where one's mouth is => money. put words into sb's mouth => word. shoot one's mouth off => shoot1. shut one's mouth/face => shut. shut sb's mouth => shut. take the bread out of sb's mouth => bread. take the words out of sb's mouth => word.

mouth1
派生： -mouthed/mauTd; mauTd] (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) 1 having the specified type of mouth 有某种嘴的: * small-mouthed, wide-mouthed, open-mouthed, etc 小嘴的、 大嘴的、 张着嘴的等. 2 (usu derog 通常作贬义) having the specified way of speaking 有某种说话方式的: * loud-mouthed, foul-mouthed, etc 大嗓门的、 说脏话的等. mouthful[-ful; -7ful] n 1 [C] as much as can easily be put into the mouth at one time 一口（的量）: * eat a few mouthfuls of food 吃几口食物 * swallow sth in a/one mouthful 一口吞下某物. 2 [sing] (infml joc 口, 谑) word or phrase that is too long or difficult to pronounce 长或拗口的词语: * Timothy Thistlethwaite? That's a bit of a mouthful! 蒂莫西．西斯尔思韦特? 真有点绕嘴! 复合： `mouth-organ n (also harmonica) small musical instrument played by passing it along the lips while blowing or sucking air 口琴. `mouthpiece n 1 part of a musical instrument, pipe, telephone, etc that is placed at or between the lips （乐器的）吹口; （烟斗的）咬嘴; （电话的）送话口. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page x. 2 (usu derog 通常作贬义) person, newspaper, etc that expresses the opinions of others 代言人; 喉舌: a newspaper which is merely the mouthpiece of the Tory party 仅为英国保守党喉舌的报纸. ,mouth-to-`mouth adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] done by placing one's mouth over a dying (esp drowning) person's mouth and breathing into the lungs 口对口人工呼吸（尤指对溺水者）: mouth-to-mouth resuscitation 口对口复苏法. `mouthwash n [U] liquid for cleaning the mouth 漱口药. `mouthwatering adj (approv 褒) that makes one want to eat; extremely delicious 令人垂涎的; 诱人食欲的; 美味的: the mouthwatering smell of freshly baked bread 新烤的面包诱人的气味.

movable
[5mu:vEbl; 5muvEbl] adj 1 that can be moved 可动的; 活动的: * a machine with a movable arm for picking up objects 有活动臂可提起物体的机器. 2 (law 律) (of property) that can be taken from place to place (eg furniture, as opposed to buildings or land, called real property) （指财产）动产的. 3 varying in date from year to year （指日期）逐年不同的, 不固定的: * Christmas is fixed, but Easter is a movable feast. 圣诞节的日期是固定的, 但复活节的日期却因年而异. 派生： movables n [pl] (esp law 尤用於法律) personal property; articles that can be removed from a house 个人的财产; 动产. Cf 参看 fitting2 2, fixture 1.

move
1[mu:v; muv] n 1 change of place or position 地点或位置的变动: * She sat in the corner, watching my every move. 她坐在角落里注视着我的一举一动. * `One false move and you're dead!’ he said, pointing a gun at me.‘你乱动一下, 就要你的命!’他用枪对准我说. 2 ~ (from...) (to/into...) action or process of changing the place where one lives, works, etc 迁移; 迁居; 变动: * a move from the town into the country 从市区到乡间的迁移 * a move to a new job/office 转至新的工作[办公室] * The move took six hours with a team of three men. 搬迁用了叁个人六小时. 3 (a) act of changing the position of a piece in chess or other board game （下棋的）步, 着: * Do you know all the possible moves in chess? 国际象棋的各种走法你都会吗? (b) player's turn to do this （轮到的）一步, 一着: * Whose move is it? 该谁走了? 4 ~ (towards sth/to do sth) action (to be) done to achieve a purpose 步骤; 行动: * We've tried peaceful persuasion; what's our next move? 我们已经试过了平心静气的说服方法, 下一步怎麽办呢? * The government's announcement is seen as a move towards settling the strike. 政府的通告已视为迈向解决罢工问题的一步. * In a move to restrict imports, the government raised custom duties. 政府在限制进口的措施中提高了关税. 5 (idm 习语) a false move => false. get a `move on (infml 口) hurry up 赶快; 加紧. make a `move (a) set off on a journey; leave 出发; 起程; 动身: * It's getting dark; we'd better make a move. 天越来越黑了, 我们最好动身吧. (b) take action 采取行动: * We're waiting to see what our competitors do before we make a move. 我们先等着看看竞争对手怎麽办再说. on the `move moving 在移动中: * The army is on the move. 军队在移动. * Don't jump off a train when it's on the move. 火车未停稳时万勿跳下.

movement
[5mu:vmEnt; 5muvmEnt] n 1 (a) [U, C] moving or being moved 移动; 运动; 活动: * the movement of his chest as he breathes 他呼吸时胸部的起伏 * lie still without (making) any movement 静卧不动 * Loose clothing gives you greater freedom of movement. 穿宽松的衣服就能活动自如. * I detected a slight movement in the undergrowth. 我发现灌木丛中有些动静. (b) [U] action; activity 动作; 活动: * a play, novel, etc that lacks movement 情节呆滞的戏剧、 小说等. 2 [C] act of changing position, esp as a military manoeuvre 移动; （尤指）军事调动: * Troop movements can be observed from space by a satellite. 藉助卫星可观察到部队的调动. 3 movements[pl] actions, journeys, etc over a period of time (esp as observed and/or recorded by sb else) 某时期的活动、 行踪等（尤指受到监视或记录的）: * The police have been keeping a close watch on the suspects' movements. 警方一直严密监视着可疑分子的活动. 4 [sing] ~ (away from/towards sth) trend (in society) （社会中的）动向, 趋向, 倾向: * the movement towards greater freedom in fashion styles 时装款式向更开放方面发展的趋势. 5 [U, C] ~ (in sth) change in amount (esp the rise or fall of prices in a stock market) 变动; （尤指股票市场价格的）涨落: * not much movement in oil shares 石油股价无大波动. 6 [CGp, C] ~ (to do sth) (group of people with a) shared set of aims or principles （具有共同目标或原则的）团体; （此种团体开展的）运动: * the aims, members, etc of the Labour Movement 工人运动的目标、 成员等 * poets of the Romantic movement 浪漫派诗人 * founding a movement to promote women's rights 创建女权运动. 7 [C] (music 音) any of the main divisions in a long musical work 乐章: * a symphony in four movements 一首四乐章的交响曲. 8 [C] moving parts in a mechanism, esp those in a clock or watch which turn the hands （活动的）机件; （尤指钟表的）机心.

movement1
9 [C] (medical or fml 医或文) emptying of the bowels 通便.

movie
[5mu:vi; 5muvi] n (esp US) 1 [C] cinema film 电影: * go to (see) a movie 去看电影 * [attrib 作定语] a movie producer 电影制片人 * movie stars 电影明星. 2 the movies [pl] (a) (also movie house, movie theater) the cinema 电影院: * go to the movies 去看电影. (b) the film industry 电影界; 电影业: * She is in/works in the movies. 她在电影界工作. 派生： `movie-goer n (esp US) person who (regularly) goes to the cinema （常）看电影的人.

mow
[mEu; mo] v (pt mowed, pp mown/mEun; mon] or mowed) 1 [I, Tn] cut (grass, etc) using a machine with blades, or a scythe （用机器或镰刀）刈, 割（草等）: * mow the lawn 刈草坪 * mow a field, ie cut the crops or vegetation in it 收割（地里的庄稼或蔬菜） * the smell of new-mown hay 新割牧草的气味. 2 (phr v) mow sb down kill (people) in large numbers, as if by making a sweeping movement 大量杀死（人）; 扫灭; 撂倒: * soldiers mown down by machine-gun fire 被机枪撂倒的士兵 * The lorry's brakes failed, and it mowed down several people in the bus queue. 卡车的闸失灵了, 撞倒了几个排队等公共汽车的人. 派生： mower n (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) machine or person that mows 刈草机; 割草人: a `lawn-mower 草坪刈草机 * an electric mower 电动刈草机 * mowers and reapers 刈草者和收割者.

MP
[7em 'pi:; 7em 'pi] abbr 缩写 = 1 (esp Brit) Member of Parliament (esp in the House of Commons) 议员（尤指下院的）: * Annie Hill MP 下院议员安妮．希尔 * become an MP 成为下院议员. 2 military police(man) 宪兵.

mpg
[7em pi: 'dVi:; 7em pi 'dVi] abbr 缩写 = miles per gallon 英里/加仑（每加仑所行英里数）: * This car does 40 mpg, ie of petrol. 这汽车每加仑汽油能走40英里.

mph
[7em pi: 'eitF; 7em pi 'etF] abbr 缩写 = miles per hour 英里/小时（每小时英里数）: * a 70 mph speed limit 每小时70英里的速度限制 * driving at a steady 35 mph 以每小时35英里的稳定车速驾驶. Cf 参看 kph.

MPhil
[7em 'fil; 7em 'fil] abbr 缩写 = Master of Philosophy 哲学硕士; （某学科的）硕士: * have/be an MPhil in English 有英语硕士学位[为英语硕士] * Mary Karlinski MPhil 玛丽．卡琳斯基哲学硕士.

Mr
[5mistE(r); 5mistl] abbr 缩写 = 1 title that comes before the (first name and the) surname of a man; Mister 先生（冠於男子姓或姓名前的称呼）: * Mr (John) Brown （约翰．）布朗先生 * Mr and Mrs Brown 布朗先生及其夫人. 2 (fml 文) title for certain men in official positions 某些男子职务的称呼: * Mr Chairman 主席先生 * (esp US) Mr President 总统先生.

MRBM
[7em a: bi: 'em; 7em ar bi 'em] abbr 缩写 = medium-range ballistic missile 中程弹道导弹. Cf 参看 ICBM, IRBM.

MRC
[7em a: 'si:; 7em ar 'si] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Medical Research Council 医学研究委员会: * an MRC-funded project 医学研究委员会资助的项目.

Mrs
[5misiz; 5misiz] abbr 缩写 = title that comes before the (first name and the) surname of a married woman 夫人（冠於已婚女子姓或姓名前的称呼）: * Mrs (Jane) Brown （简．）布朗夫人 * (fml sexist 文, 性别偏见) Mrs John Brown 约翰．布朗太太. Cf 参看 miss2, mister.

MS
abbr 缩写 = (pl MSS) manuscript.

MSc
[7em es 'si:; 7em es 'si] abbr 缩写 = Master of Science 理科硕士: * have/be an MSc in Chemistry 有化学硕士学位[为化学硕士] * Wendy O'Connor MSc 温迪．奥康瑙尔理科硕士.

MST
[7em es 'ti:; 7em es 'ti] abbr 缩写 = (US) Mountain Standard Time 山区标准时间. Cf 参看 MDT.

Mt
abbr 缩写 = Mount: Mt Kenya, eg on a map 肯尼亚山（如地图上的标记）.

mth
abbr 缩写 = (US mo) (pl mths; US mos) month: 6 mths old 6个月大的.

much
1[mQtF; mQtF] indef det, indef pron (used with [U] ns; esp with negative and interrogative vs or after as, how, so, too 与不可数名词连用, 尤与否定式和疑问式动词连用或用於as、 how、 so、 too之後) 1 a large amount or quantity (of sth) 多的; 大量的. (a) (det): * I haven't got much money. 我的钱不多. * There's never very much news on Sundays. 星期日从来就没有多少新闻. * Did you have much difficulty finding the house? 你找到这所房子很困难吗? * How much (ie What volume of) petrol do you need? 你需要多少汽油? * Take as much time as you like. 你愿意用多长时间都可以. * There was so much traffic that we were stationary for half an hour. 来往车辆很多, 我们在路上耽搁了半小时. * I have much pleasure in introducing our speaker. 我能给大家介绍我们的演讲人, 感到非常高兴. * After much applause the audience went home. 热烈掌声过後, 观众都回家去了. (b) (pron): * He sat at his desk all morning but he didn't write much. 他一上午都坐在书桌前却并未写多少东西. * `Is there any mail?’ `Not (very) much.’ ‘有邮件吗?’‘不（太）多.’ * She never eats much for breakfast. 她早点从不多吃. * Did the President say much to you? 总统跟你说得多吗? * How much is it? ie Whatis its price? 多少钱? * Eat as much as you can. 尽量吃吧. * He drank (far) too much last night. 昨天晚上他喝得（也）太多了. * You'll find you have much to learn in your new job. 你会发现在新的工作中有很多可学的. * I lay awake much of the night. 我昨夜大部分时间都醒着. * We have much to be thankful for. 有很多事情值得我们庆幸. 2 (idm 习语) not much of a not a good (sth) 不太好的: * He's not much of a cricketer. 他算不上好板球手. * I'm not much of a correspondent, ie I rarely write letters. 我不爱写信. `this much what I am about to say 我要说的是: * I will say this much for him he never leaves a piece of work unfinished. 关於他我要说的是--他工作未做完决不罢休.

much1
* This much is certain, you will never walk again. 有一点是肯定的, 你再也不能行走了. (with) not/without so much as => so1. 派生： muchness n (idm 习语) ,much of a `muchness very similar; almost alike 极相像; 几乎相同: It's hard to choose between the two candidates: they're both much of a muchness. 很难在这两个候选人中作选择; 他们俩不分上下. 1Notice the difference between little/few and a little/a few. 注意little/few和a little/a few这两组词的区别. If we say, `I have little money and few interests', we sound disappointed and negative. 若说: ‘I have little money and few interests（我没有什麽钱, 也没有什麽爱好）’, 言犹怅然若失, 含否定义. If we say, `I have a little money and a few interests', we sound more positive. 若说: ‘I have a little money and a few interests（我有点儿钱, 也有些爱好）’, 则含肯定义. Compare 试比较: He's lived here a long time but has few friends （他在这儿住了很长时间, 可是没什麽朋友）和He's lived here a short time but already has a few friends （他在这儿住得时间很短, 可是已经有些朋友了）. 2A lot of can also be used in questions *a lot of 亦可用於疑问句: Have we got a lot of time/cards left? （我们剩下的时间[卡片]多不多?） It suggests that the speaker knows that there is/are some left and wants to know whether the amount/number is big or small. 这句话的含义是发问者知道有些剩馀, 还想知道剩馀的数量是多是少. 3The comparative and superlative forms of much, many, and a lot of are more and (the) most. *much、 many、 a lot of的比较级是more, 最高级是(the) most. For little the comparative and superlative forms are less and (the) least and for few they are fewer and (the) fewest. *little的比较级是less, 最高级是(the) least; few的比较级是fewer, 最高级是(the) fewest.

mucilage
[5mju:silidV; 5mjuslidV] n [U] thick sticky fluid produced by plants, esp seaweed （植物的）黏液（尤指海草的）. 派生： mucilaginous[5mju:si7ldVinEs; 7mjusl'AdVEnEs] adj 1 producing mucilage 分泌黏液的. 2 (fml 文) (of liquid) (unpleasantly) thick and sticky （指液体）（厌恶状）黏稠的.

muck
[mQk; mQk] n 1 [U] excrement of farm animals, esp as used for fertilizing; manure （牲畜的）粪便; （尤指）粪肥: * spreading muck on the fields 往地里施粪肥* [attrib 作定语] a `muck heap 粪肥堆. 2 [U] (infml口 esp Brit) dirt; filth; anything disgusting 污秽; 脏物; 令人讨厌之物: * Don't come in here with your boots all covered in muck. 你别穿着脏靴子进来. * Do you call that food? I'm not eating that muck! 那也能叫做食物吗? 我可不吃那行子! * (fig 比喻) You shouldn't believe all the muck and scandal you read in the Sunday papers. 千万别尽信在星期日报纸上看到的秽迹丑闻. * I don't want my name dragged through the muck, ie mentioned contemptuously, in connection with scandal. 我可不想把我的名字扯进丑事中去. 3 (idm 习语) common as dirt/muck => common1. in a `muck (Brit infml 口) in an untidy state 乱七八糟; 凌乱不堪: * You can't leave your room in a muck like that. 你不能把房间弄得那麽乱七八糟的. make a muck of sth (infml 口) (a) make sth dirty 弄脏某物. (b) do sth badly; spoil sth; bungle sth 弄坏、 弄糟或弄乱某事物: * I made a real muck of that exam. 那次考试我可考糟了. 派生： muck v (phr v) muck about/around (Brit infml 口) behave in an aimless and silly way; waste time in useless activity 鬼混; 混日子; 虚掷光阴: Stop mucking about and finish your work! 别胡混了, 把工作做完吧! muck in (Brit infml 口) share tasks or accommodation equally 同工作; 同吃住: Let's all muck in together, and we'll soon finish the job. 咱们一起干吧, 很快就能做完. * The officers had to muck in with their men. 军官须与士兵同住. muck (sth) out clean out (stables, etc) by removing excrement 打扫, 清扫（马厩等）. muck sth up (infml 口 esp Brit) (a) make sth dirty 弄脏某物: muck up one's clothes 弄脏衣服. (b) do sth badly; spoil sth; bungle sth 弄坏、 弄糟或弄乱某事物: I really mucked up my chances by doing badly in the interview. 我真把机会耽误了, 面试考砸了.

muck1
mucky adj (-ier, -iest) 1 dirty 脏的: My hands are all mucky. 我的手全弄脏了. 2 obscene; rude 下流的; 粗野的: telling those mucky stories of his 讲他那些下流的故事. 复合： `muck-raker n (derog 贬) person who tries to find out bad things that people have done and spread scandal about them 搜集并张扬丑闻的人. `muck-rakingn [U] (derog 贬) activity of a muck-raker 搜集并张扬丑闻的活动. `muck-up n (usu sing 通常作单数) (infml 口 esp Brit) act of bungling or spoiling sth; mess 弄乱或弄糟某事物; 一团糟: make a complete muck-up of sth 把某事物弄得一团糟.

mucous
[5mju:kEs; 5mjukEs] adj of, like or covered with mucus （像）黏液的; （覆）有黏液的. 复合： ,mucous `membrane (anatomy 解) moist skin that lines the nose, mouth and certain internal organs 黏膜.

mucus
[5mju:kEs; 5mjukEs] n [U] sticky slimy substance produced by the mucous membrane; any similar slimy substance （黏膜分泌的）黏液; 类似黏液的物质: * a nose blocked with mucus 黏液堵塞的鼻子 * a trail of mucus left by a snail or slug 蜗牛或蛞蝓留下的黏液痕迹.

mud
[mQd; mQd] n [U] 1 soft wet earth 泥; 烂泥; 淤泥: * rain that turns dust into mud 化尘为泥的雨 * My shoes were covered/plastered in/with mud. 我的鞋沾满了泥. * The armies got bogged down in the thick squelching mud. 军队都陷入泥沼中, 行进时烂泥扑哧作声. 2 (idm 习语) clear as mud => clear1. drag sb/sb's name through the mire/mud => drag2. fling, sling, throw, etc `mud (at sb) try to damage sb's reputation (by slander, libel, etc) 企图败坏某人的名声（藉造谣、 诽谤等）. ,mud `sticks (saying 谚) people tend to believe and remember bad or slanderous things said about sb 恶事如泥沾身洗不清. sb's name is mud => name1. 派生： muddy adj (-ier, -iest) 1 full of or covered in mud 泥泞的; （覆）有泥的: muddy roads, shoes 泥泞的路、 沾满泥的鞋. 2 (a) (of liquids or colours) coloured by or like mud; not clear; thick like mud （指液体或颜色）泥土色的, 泥土般的, 混浊的, 稠如泥浆的: a muddy stream 混浊的河 * muddy water 泥水 * muddy coffee 土褐色的咖啡 * clothes of a muddy (ie brownish) green 土绿色的衣物. (b) (fig derog 比喻, 贬) not clear; confused模糊不清的; 混乱的: muddy thinking 紊乱的思绪. muddiness n [U]. muddy v (pt, pp muddied) 1 [Tn] make (sb/sth) muddy 使（某人）沾上泥; 使（某物）泥泞、 有泥、 呈泥土色或混浊: muddy one's face, clothes 弄得脸上、 衣服上有泥. 2 (idm 习语) muddy the `waters (derog 贬) make a situation confused and unclear 把水搅浑; 弄乱情况. 复合： `mud-bath n bath in mud believed to have health-giving qualities (eg in treating rheumatism) 泥浴（如用以治疗风湿病）: (fig 比喻) the pitch was a mud-bath after the heavy rain 大雨过後球场成了泥潭. `mud-flat n (often pl 常作复数) (stretch of) muddy land covered by the sea at high tide （涨潮时海水没过的）泥滩. `mudguard n curved cover over a wheel (of a bicycle, etc) （自行车等的）挡泥板. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xiii.

mud1
,mud `hut simple hut made of mud that has dried and hardened 泥屋; 土坯房. `mud pack paste applied thickly to the face, for improving the health and appearance of the skin （贴於脸上作治疗或美容用的）泥膏. `mud-slinging n [U] (derog 贬) trying to damage sb's reputation by saying bad things about him 诽谤; 中伤: There's too much mud-slinging by irresponsible journalists. 不负责任的新闻工作者肆意诽谤的事太多了.

muddle
[5mQdl; 5mQdl] v 1 [Tn, Tn.p] (a) ~ sth (up) put sth into disorder; mix sth up 将某事物弄乱或混在一起: * The cleaner had muddled my papers, and I couldn't find the one I wanted. 清洁工把我的文件弄乱了, 我找 不到我要的那份了. * My papers were all muddled up together. 我的文件全混在一起了. (b) ~ sb (up) confuse sb mentally 使某人糊涂: * Stop talking, or you'll muddle me (up) completely. 别说了, 要不你把我全搞糊涂了. (c) ~ sb/sth (up) be confused about two or more things, people, etc and therefore make mistakes in arrangements 将事物与事物或人与人弄混淆（因而产生错误）: * I muddled (up) the dates and arrived three days late. 我把日期弄乱了, 所以迟到了叁天. 2 [Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ A (up) with B; ~ A and B (up) fail to distinguish two people or things 分辨不出两人或两事物: * You must be muddling me up with my twin brother. 你一定是把我看成我的孪生兄弟了. 3 (phr v) muddle along (derog 贬) live one's life in a foolish or helpless way, with no clear purpose or plan 混日子: * We muddle along from day to day. 我们一天天地混日子. muddle through (often joc 常作戏谑语) achieve one's aims even though one does not act efficiently, have the proper equipment, etc 胡乱应付过去: * I expect we shall muddle through somehow! 我看我们总能应付过去! 派生： muddle n ~ (about/over sth) 1 [C] state of untidiness or confusion 乱; 杂乱; 紊乱: Your room's in a real muddle. 你的房间真是乱七八糟. * There was a muddle over our hotel accommodation. 我们旅馆的食宿安排十分混乱. 2 [sing] mental confusion 糊涂; 困惑: The old lady gets in(to) a muddle trying to work the video. 那老太太想开录像机, 但是越搞越糊涂. muddled adj confused 糊涂的; 混乱的: muddled thinking 紊乱的思绪. muddling adj confusing 令人迷惑的; 令人糊涂的: These government forms are very muddling. 政府的这些表格真费解.

muddle1
复合： ,muddle-`headed adj lacking clearness of thought; confused 头脑不清的; 糊涂的; 混乱的: muddle-headed people, ideas, arguments 糊涂的人、 思想、 论据. ,muddle-`headedness n [U].

muesli
[5mju:zli; 5mjuzli] n [U] breakfast food that is a mixture of uncooked cereal, nuts, dried fruit, etc 由生的谷物、 坚果、 乾果等混合制成的早餐食品.

muezzin
[mu:'ezin; - mju:-; mju'ezin] n man who calls out the hours of prayer for Muslims, usu from the minaret of a mosque 宣礼员（通常自清真寺的宣礼塔上呼唤回教徒到时做礼拜的人）.

muff
1[mQf; mQf] n hollow roll of fur or other warm material used to keep the hands warm in cold weather 皮手筒; 手笼.

muffin
[5mQfin; 5mQfin] n 1 (Brit) (US ,English `muffin) small flat round bun, usu toasted and eaten hot with butter 小松饼（通常加黄油烤热吃）. 2 (US) small sweet bread roll or cake, often eaten with butter 甜的小面包卷或小饼（常加黄油）.

muffle
[5mQfl; 5mQfl] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sb/sth (up) (in sth) wrap or cover sb/sth for warmth or protection 包裹或覆盖某人[某物]（为保暖或保护）: * He walked out into the snow, heavily muffled (up) in a thick scarf and warm overcoat. 他雪天出门, 裹着厚厚的围巾, 穿着暖和的大衣. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) make the sound of sth (eg a bell or a drum) quieter by wrapping it, covering it in cloth, etc 包住（如铃或鼓）（使声音低沉）: * muffle the oars of a boat, ie wrap the blades to stop them splashing noisily 包住船桨（包住桨叶以减低溅水声）. 派生： muffled adj (of sounds) heard indistinctly, because an obstacle is in the way （指声音）听不清的（因有物体相隔）: muffled voices coming from the next room 隔壁房间传来含糊的说话声.

muffler
[5mQflE(r); 5mQfll] n 1 (dated 旧) scarf or other cloth worn round the neck for warmth 围巾; 领巾. 2 (US) = silencer (silence).

mufti
[5mQfti; 5mQfti] n [U] ordinary clothes worn by people (eg soldiers) who normally wear uniform in their job （常穿制服的人, 如士兵, 所穿的）便服: * Soldiers wear mufti on leave, not uniform. 士兵度假时穿便服, 不穿制服. * officers in mufti 穿便服的军官.

mug
1[mQg; mQg] n 1 (a) (usu straight-sided, fairly large) drinking vessel of china, metal or plastic with a handle, for use without a saucer 缸子（圆筒形有柄大杯）: * a coffee mug 咖啡缸子. (b) its contents 一缸子之物: * a mug of coffee 一缸子咖啡. =>illus at cup 见cup插图. 2 (sl derog or joc 俚, 贬或谑) face 脸: * What an ugly mug! 多难看的脸! 派生： `mugful[-ful; -ful] n amount (of tea, coffee, etc) contained in a mug 一缸子的（茶、 咖啡等的）量: * drink two mugfuls 喝两缸子.

muggins
[5mQginz; 5mQginz] n [sing] (Brit infml joc 口, 谑) fool 傻瓜; 笨蛋: * Don't do that, you silly muggins! 别干那事, 你这笨蛋! * Muggins here locked his keys in the car! 这笨蛋把自己的钥匙锁在汽车里了!

muggy
[5mQgi; 5mQgi] adj (-ier, -iest) (of weather) oppressively warm and damp （指天气）闷热而潮湿的, 闷人的: * a muggy August day 闷热的八月天. > mugginess n [U].

Muhammad
[mE'hAmid; mu'hAmEd] n the prophet and founder of Islam 穆罕默德（伊斯兰教的先知和创始人）. 派生： Muhammadan (also Muhammedan, Mohammedan)[-En; -En] adj, n (of or being a) Muslim 伊斯兰教信徒（的）; 回教徒（的）. Muhammadanism (also Muh-ammedanism,Mohammedanism)[mE'hAmidEnizEm; mu'hAmEd-En7izEm] n [U] Islam (the preferred name) 伊斯兰教, 回教（用Islam一词为佳）. =>Usage at christian 用法见christian.

mulatto
[mju:'lAtEu; - mE'l-; mE'lAto] n (pl ~s or esp US ~es) person who has one black parent and one white （黑人与白人所生的）黑白混血儿.

mulberry
[5mQlbri; - 'mQlberi; 5mQl7beri] n (a) tree with broad, dark-green leaves on which silkworms feed 桑树. (b) its purple or white fruit 桑椹: * [attrib 作定语] mulberry juice 桑椹汁.

mulch
[mQltF; mQltF] n protective covering (eg of straw, rotting leaves, or plastic sheeting) spread over the roots of trees and bushes, to retain moisture, kill weeds, etc 护根（用以保持水分、 消灭杂草等的覆盖物, 如稻草、 腐叶或塑料膜）. 派生： mulch v [Tn] cover (plant roots or the ground round them) with a mulch 用护根覆盖（植物根部或其周围地面）.

mule
1[mju:l; mjul] n 1 animal that is the offspring of a donkey and a horse, used for carrying loads and noted for its stubbornness 骡; 骡子. 2 (fig infml 比喻, 口) stubborn person 顽固的人. 3 (idm 习语) (as) ,obstinate/,stubborn as a `mule very obstinate or stubborn 非常执拗或顽固. 派生： muleteer[7mju:lE'tiE(r); 7mjulE'tir] n (dated 旧) person who leads mules 赶骡子的人. mulish adj stubborn; obstinate 顽固的; 执拗的. mulishly adv. mulishness n [U].

mull
1[mQl; mQl] v [Tn] make (wine, beer, etc) into a hot drink with sugar, spices, etc 将（葡萄酒、 啤酒等）制成热饮（加糖、 香料等）: * mulled claret 热的红葡萄酒.

mullah
[5mQlE; 5mQlE] n Muslim teacher of theology and sacred law （伊斯兰教神学和圣律的）教师.

mullet
[5mQlit; 5mQlit] n (pl unchanged 复数不变) any of several types of seafish used as food, esp red mullet and grey mullet 鲻科鱼（尤指鲱鲤和鲻鱼）.

mulligatawny
[7mQligE'tC:ni; 7mQligE'tCni] n [U] thick, highly seasoned soup with curry powder in it 浓咖喱汤.

mullion
[5mQliEn; 5mQljEn] n vertical (stone, wood or metal) division between two parts of a window, esp in a large old building （窗扇间的）直 , 竖框, 中挺. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page viii. 派生： mullioned[5mQliEnd; 5mQljEnd] adj having mullions 有直 的.

multi-
comb form 构词成分 having many of 有很多...的: multicoloured 多色的 * a ,multimillio`naire, ie a person having more than two million pounds, dollars, etc （有二百万镑、 元等以上的）百万富翁 * a ,multiracial com`munity, so`ciety, `country, etc, ie with many different races 多种族社区、 社会、 国家等 * a ,multi-storey `car park, ie consisting of a building with several floors 多层停车场.

multifarious
[7mQlti'feEriEs; 7mQltE'feriEs] adj (fml 文) of many different kinds; having great variety 多种的; 各式各样的: * the multifarious life-forms that can be found in a coral reef 珊瑚礁上可见的各种各样的生命形式 * the multifarious rules and regulations of the bureaucracy 官僚主义的种种规章制度.

multilateral
[7mQlti'lAtErEl; 7mQlti'lAtErEl] adj involving two or more participants 多方面的; 多边的: * a ,multilateral a`greement 多边协议 * ,multilateral nuclear dis`armament, ie involving all or most countries which have nuclear weapons 多国核裁军. Cf 参看bilateral, unilateral.

multilingual
[7mQlti'liNgwEl; 7mQlti'liNgwEl] adj 1 speaking or using many languages 使用多种语言的: * India is a ,multilingual `country. 印度是使用多语种的国家. 2 written or printed in many languages 用多种文字书写或印刷的: * a `multilingual `dictionary, `phrasebook, e`dition, etc 多语词典、 短语集、 版本等 * electrical goods sold with ,multilingual `operating instructions 带多语使用说明的电气商品. Cf 参看 bilingual, monolingual.

multinational
[7mQlti'nAFnEl; 7mQlti'nAFEnEl] adj involving many countries 多国的: * a multinational organization, operation, agreement 多国组织、 行动、 协议. 派生： multinational n (usu very large) company that does business in many different countries 跨国公司: Some people believe that the multinationals have too much power. 有人认为跨国公司的权力太大了.

multiple
[5mQltipl; 5mQltEpl] adj [attrib 作定语] having or involving many individuals, items or types 有多种、 多项或多类型的: * a multiple crash on a motorway, ie one involving many vehicles 公路上的连环撞车事故 * person with multiple injuries, ie with many cuts, broken bones, etc 受多种伤的人（多处割伤、 骨折等）. 派生： multiple n 1 (mathematics 数) quantity which contains another quantity an exact number of times 倍数: 14, 21 and 28 are multiples of 7. 14、 21、 28都是7的倍数. * 30 is a common multiple of 2, 3, 5, 6, 10 and 15. 30是2、 3、 5、 6、 10、 15的公倍数. * least/lowest common multiple, ie smallest quantity that contains two or more given quantities exactly (usu shortened to LCM, eg The LCM of 4, 5, 6, 10 and 12 is 60) 最小公倍数（略作LCM, 如4、 5、 6、 10、 12的最小公倍数是60）. 2 (also ,multiple `store) (esp Brit) shop with many branches throughout a country 连锁商店. 复合： ,multiple-`choice adj (of examination questions) showing several possible answers from which the correct one must be chosen （指试题）多项（答案供）选择的. ,multiple scle`rosis (abbr 缩写 MS) disease of the nervous system causing gradual paralysis 多发性硬化（症）.

multiplex
[5mQltipleks; 5mQltE7pleks] adj [usu attrib通常作定语] (fml 文) having many parts or forms; consisting of many (usu complex) elements 有很多部分的; 多种形式的; 多种（通常为复杂）成分组成的.

multiplication
[7mQltipli'keiFn; 7mQltEplE'keFEn] n 1 [U] multiplying or being multiplied 增多; 增加; 乘; 繁殖: * children learning to do multiplication and division 学习乘除法的儿童 * an organism that grows by the multiplication of its cells 因细胞繁殖而生长的有机体 * [attrib 作定语] the multiplication sign/symbol x 乘号x. 2 [C] instance of this 乘法: * 2 x 3 is an easy multiplication.2 x 3是简单的乘法. 复合： ,multiplic`ation table list showing the results when a number is multiplied by a set of other numbers (esp 1 to 12) in turn 乘法表.

multiplicity
[7mQlti'plisEti; 7mQltE'plisEti] n [sing] ~ of sth large number or great variety of things 多; 多样; 多样性: * a computer with a multiplicity of (ie many) uses 多用途计算机.

multiply
[5mQltiplai; 7mQltE'plai] v (pt, pp -lied) 1 [I, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ A by B/~ A and B (together) add a number to itself a particular number of times 乘: * children learning to multiply and divide 学习乘法和除法的儿童 * 2 and 3 multiply to make 6, ie 2 x 3 = 2 + 2 + 2 = 6. 2和3相乘得6. * 2 multiplied by 4 makes 8, ie 2 x 4 = 8. 2乘以4得8. * One can make 12 by multiplying 2 and 6 (together) or 4 and 3 (together), ie 12 = 2 x 6 or 4 x 3. 以2、 6或4、 3相乘可得12. 2 [I, Tn] increase (sth) in number or quantity 增多, 增加（某事物）: * Our problems have multiplied since last year. 自去年以来我们的问题增多了. * Buy lots of raffle tickets and multiply your chances of success. 多买彩票, 增加你中奖的机会. 3 [I, Tn] (biology 生) (cause sb/sth to) produce large numbers of offspring by procreation, fertilization, etc （使某人[某物]）繁殖, 增殖: * Rabbits multiply rapidly. 兔子繁殖得很快. * It is possible to multiply bacteria and other living organisms in the laboratory. 在实验室能够繁殖细菌和其他生物.

multitude
[5mQltitju:d; - -tu:d; 5mQltE7tud] n (fml 文) 1 [C] ~ (of sb/sth) extremely large number of people or things (esp of people gathered or moving about in one area) 多数, 大批（尤指在一处集结或移动的人群）: * A large multitude had assembled to hear him preach. 一大群人聚集起来听他布道. * Vast multitudes of birds visit this lake in spring. 春天有大批的鸟飞临此湖. * just one of a multitude of problems, reasons, etc 仅就大量问题、 理由等中的一个. 2 the multitude [Gp] (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) ordinary people; the masses 群众; 大众; 群氓: * special qualities which mark her out from the multitude 令她超群出众的特殊品质 * demagogues who appeal to the multitude 迎合民心的煽动家. 3 (idm 习语) cover/hide a multitude of sins (often joc 常作戏谑语) conceal a (usu unpleasant) reality 掩盖（通常为不快的）实情: * The description `produce of more than one country' can cover a multitude of sins. ‘多国产物’之说尽可遮人耳目了. 派生： multitudinous[7mQlti'tju:dinEs; - -tu:dinEs;7mQltE'tudnEs] adj (fml 文) extremely large in number 众多的; 大量的: * multitudinous crowds, problems, debts 大批的人群、 问题、 债务.

mum
1[mQm; mQm] adj (Brit infml 口) 1 silent 沉默的: * keep mum, ie say nothing 保持沉默. 2 (idm 习语) ,mum's the `word (Brit infml 口) (used when asking sb to keep a secret 用以要某人保密) say nothing about this 别说出去.

mumble
[5mQmbl; 5mQmbl] v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tf, Dn.pr] ~ (about sth); ~ sth (to sb) speak or say sth unclearly and usu quietly, so that people cannot hear what is said 含糊地说某事; 叽咕; 咕哝: * He always mumbles when he's embarrassed. 他感到难为情时说话就含糊不清了. * What are you mumbling about? I can't understand a word! 你叽里咕噜说什麽呀? 我一句也听不懂! * He mumbled something to me which I didn't quite catch. 他对我叽咕了几句话, 可我没太听清楚. * She mumbled that she didn't want to get up yet. 她咕哝着说还不想起床. 派生： mumble n [sing] speech that is not heard clearly; noise like this 含糊的话或声音; 咕哝: a mumble of voices, conversation, etc 喃喃人语声、 谈话声等 * an incoherent, indistinct, distant, etc mumble 不连贯的、 分辨不清的、 远处的...低语声. mumbler[5mQmblE(r); 5mQmbll] n.

mumbo
jumbo

mummer
[5mQmE(r); 5mQml] n actor in an old form of drama without words 哑剧演员. 派生： mumming[5mQmiN; 5mQmiN] n [U] performance of such drama 哑剧表演.

mummify
[5mQmifai; 5mQmi7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn] preserve (a corpse) by treating it with special oils and wrapping it in cloth 将（ 体）制成木乃伊: * a mummified body 制成木乃伊的 体. Cf 参看 embalm. mummification[7mQmifi'keiFn; 7mQmifE'keFEn] n [U] this method of preservation 木乃伊化.

mummy
1[5mQmi; 5mQmi] n body of a human being or animal that has been mummified for burial 木乃伊; 乾 : * an Egyptian mummy 埃及木乃伊.

mumps
[mQmps; mQmps] n [sing v] disease with painful swellings in the neck, caught esp by children 腮腺炎.

munch
[mQntF; mQntF] v [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (at/on sth) chew (sth) with much movement of the jaw 用力咀嚼（某物）; 大嚼: * munch (at/on) an apple 用力嚼苹果.

mundane
[mQn'dein; 5mQnden] adj (often derog 常作贬义) ordinary and typically unexciting 平凡的; 平淡的:I lead a pretty mundane life; nothing interesting ever happens to me. 我生活平凡, 从无趣事. * a mundane book, film, etc 平淡无奇的书、 影片等.

municipal
[mju:'nisipl; mju'nisEpl] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of a town or city with its own local government 市的; 市政的: * municipal buildings, eg town hall, publiclibrary 市属建 物（如市政厅、 公共图书馆） * municipalaffairs, elections, ie of the local council and its members 地方事务、 选举 * the municipal transport system, rubbish dump 市交通系统、 垃圾场. 派生： municipality/mju:7nisi'pAlEti; 7mjunisE'pAlEti] n town, city or district with its own local government; governing body of such a town, etc 自治市; 自治区; 自治市或区的政府当局.

munificent
[mju:'nifisnt; mju'nifEsnt] adj (fml 文) extremely generous; (of sth given) large in amount or splendid in quality 极慷慨的; （指礼赠）丰厚的, 精美的: * a munificent giver, gift 慷慨的施主、 馈赠. 派生： munificence[-sns; -sns] n [U] (fml 文) great generosity 慷慨; （礼物的）丰厚: * overwhelmed by their munificence 深受他们慷慨精神感动. munificently adv.

muniments
[5mju:nimEnts; 5mjunEmEnts] n [pl] (law 律) documents kept as evidence of rights or privileges （证明权利或特权的）契据, 证书.

munitions
[mju:'niFnz; mju'niFEnz] n [pl] military supplies, esp guns, shells, bombs, etc 军需品; （尤指）军火: * The war was lost because of a shortage of munitions. 因军火不足而战败. * [attrib 作定语] a munitions worker, factory 生产军需品的工人、 兵工厂. 派生： munition v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) provide sth with munitions 给某部门提供军火: munitioning the fleet (with fresh supplies of shells) 给舰队补给（炮弹）.

mural
[5mjuErEl; 5mjurEl] n (usu large) painting done on a wall （通常指大型的）壁画. 派生： mural adj of or on a wall 墙壁的; 在墙上的: mural art, decoration, etc 壁画艺术、 墙上装饰.

murder
[5mE:dE(r); 5mEdl] n 1 (a) [U] unlawful killing of a human being intentionally 谋杀; 谋杀案: * commit murder 进行谋杀 * be guilty of murder 犯谋杀罪 * the murder of a six-year-old child 杀害一六岁儿童的案件 * [attrib 作定语] Her latest book's a murder mystery. 她的新书写的是凶杀疑案. (b) [C] instance of this 谋杀; 谋杀案: * six murders in one week 一周之内的六起凶杀案. Cf 参看 homicide 1, manslaughter (man1). 2 [U] (derog 贬) sacrifice of large numbers of people (esp in war) 杀戮（尤指战时）: * 10000 men died in one battle: * it was sheer murder. 一次战斗死亡10000人, 这纯粹是大屠杀. 3 [U] (fig infml 比喻, 口) (a) very difficult or frustrating experience 极艰难或令人沮丧的经历: * It's murder trying to find a parking place for the car. 找个停车的地方比登天还难. (b) ~ (on sth) thing that causes great harm or discomfort (to sth) （对某事物）造成极大伤害或不便的事物: * This hot weather's murder on my feet. 这种炎热的天气苦了我的脚. 4 (idm 习语) ,get away with `murder (infml esp joc 口, 尤作戏谑语) succeed in ignoring rules, ordinary standards, etc without being punished, corrected, etc 违章犯规等而未被惩罚、 纠正等: * His latest book is rubbish. He seems to think that because he's a famous author he can get away with murder! 他的近作粗制滥造. 他似乎自以为是名作家便可免遭物议! ,murder will `out (saying 谚) a crime such as murder cannot be hidden 谋杀案终究要败露; 纸里包不住火. scream, etc blue murder => blue1. 派生： murder v 1 [I, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (with sth) kill (sb) unlawfully and intentionally 谋杀某人: He murdered his wife with a knife. 他用刀杀害了妻子. 2 [Tn] (fig infml 比喻, 口) spoil (sth) by lack of skill or knowledge （因无技巧或知识）糟蹋（某事物）: murder a piece of music, ie play it very badly 糟蹋一首乐曲（演奏恶劣）

murder1
* murder the English language, ie speak or write in a way that shows ignorance of correct usage 糟蹋英语（罔顾读写规则）. murderer[5mE:dErE(r); 5mEdErl] n person guilty of murder 谋杀犯; 凶手: * a mass murderer, ie one whohas killed many people 杀人魔王. murderess[5mE:dEris;'mEdEris] n female murderer 女谋杀犯; 女凶手. murderous[5mE:dErEs; 5mEdErEs] adj 1 intending or likely to murder 蓄意谋杀的; 杀人的; 凶残的: * a murderous villain, look, attack 穷凶极恶的暴徒、 样子、 袭击 * a murderous-looking knife 凶光闪闪的刀. 2 (infml 口) very severe or unpleasant 极厉害的; 极讨厌的; 要命的: * I couldn't withstand the murderous heat. 热得要命, 我受不了. murderously adv.

murk
[mE:k; mEk] n [U] darkness; gloom 黑暗; 昏暗: * peering through the murk 自黑暗中窥视. 派生： murky adj (-ier, -iest) 1 unpleasantly dark; gloomy 阴暗的; 昏暗的: a murky night, with no moon 昏暗无月的夜 * The light was too murky to continue playing. 光线太暗不能再玩耍了. * London's streets, murky with November fog. 伦敦的街道, 在十一月的雾中模糊不清. 2 (of water) dirty; unclear （指水）脏的, 混浊的: She threw it into the river's murky depths. 她把它扔进了混浊的河水深处. 3 (fig derog or joc 比喻, 贬或谑) (of people's actions or character) not known but suspected of being immoral or dishonest （指人的行为或性格）可疑的, 不可告人的: She had a decidedly murky past. 她的历史背景令人捉摸不透. murkily[-ili; -Eli] adv.

murmur
[5mE:mE(r); 5mEml] n 1 low continuous indistinct sound 低沉、 持续而不清的声音: * the murmur of bees in the garden 花园中蜜蜂的嗡嗡声 * the distant murmur of the sea, of a brook, of traffic, etc 远处海浪的澎湃声、 溪水的潺潺声、 车辆的隆隆声. 2 quietly spoken word(s) 低语声: * a murmur of conversation, of voices from the next room, etc 喃喃的谈话声、 隔壁的人语声等. 3 quiet expression of feeling 低声的情感表述: * There were murmurs of discontent from the work-force. 工人不满, 颇有微词. 4 (medical 医) faint blowing sound in the chest, usu a sign of disease or damage in the heart 心区杂音（通常为心脏疾患或损伤的 状）. 5 (idm 习语) with,out a `murmur without complaining 不抱怨; 无怨言: * He paid the extra cost without a murmur. 他付了额外的费用而毫无怨言. 派生： murmur v 1 [I] make a murmur 发连续而低沉的声音: The wind murmured in the trees. 风在林中低鸣 * a murmuring brook 流水淙淙的小溪. 2 [Ipr, Tn, Tf] ~ about sth say (sth) in a low voice 低声说（某事）:He was delirious, murmuring about his childhood. 他精神恍惚, 低声叨念着童年往事. * murmuring words of love into her ear 向她喃喃耳语, 倾诉爱慕之意 * He murmured that he wanted to sleep. 他咕哝着说他想睡觉. 3 [Ipr] ~ against sb/sth complain about sb/sth quietly, not openly 私下低声抱怨某人[某事物]: For some years the people had been murmuring against the government. 几年来人们一直在私下议论政府. murmurous[5mE:mErEs; 5mEmErEs] adj (esp rhet 尤作修辞) consisting of a low continuous indistinct sound 发出持续细声的: * the murmurous hum of bees 蜜蜂的嗡嗡声.

muscat
[5mQskAt; 5mQs7kAt] n type of grape used for eating and making wine 麝香葡萄.

muscatel
[7mQskE'tel; 7mQskE'tel] n [C, U] raisin or wine made from muscat grapes 麝香葡萄乾; 麝香葡萄酒.

muscle
[5mQsl; 5mQsl] n 1 (a) [C] length of stretchable tissue in an animal body that is attached at each end to bone and can be tightened or relaxed to produce movement 肌肉: * arm, leg, face, etc muscles 胳膊、 大腿、 面部等的肌肉 * strain/tear/pull a muscle 扭伤[撕裂/拉伤]肌肉 * exercises to develop the muscles 做运动以锻炼肌肉 * Don't move a muscle! ie Stay completely still. 呆着别动! (b) [U] such tissue 肌肉组织: * The heart is made of muscle. 心脏是肌肉组织. * [attrib 作定语] muscle fibres 肌肉纤维. 2 [U] muscular power 肌肉的力量: * have plenty of muscle but no brains 肌肉发达, 头脑简单. 3 [U] (fig 比喻) power to make others do as one wishes （操纵他人的）力量: * political, industrial, etc muscle 政治的、 工业的...力量 * a trade union with plenty of muscle 强大的工会. 4 (idm 习语) flex one's muscles => flex. 派生： muscle v (phr v) muscle in (on sb/sth) (infml derog 口, 贬) join in sth when one has no right to do so, for one's own advantage 强行挤入某事物以分享利益: I wrote the book, and now she's trying to muscle in on its success by saying she gave me the ideas. 书是我写的, 现在她却要分享其成, 硬说是她给我的构思. 复合： `muscle-bound adj having large stiff muscles as the result of excessive exercise （因锻炼过度）肌肉粗而硬的. `muscleman[-mAn; -7mAn] n (pl -men[-men; -men] )(infml sometimes derog 口, 有时作贬义) man with large muscles and (often) great strength 肌肉发达而有力的男子.

muscular
[5mQskjulE(r); 5mQskjEll] adj 1 of the muscles 肌肉的: * muscular effort, contraction 肌肉的力量、 收缩 * muscular tissue 肌肉组织. 2 having large strong muscles 肌肉发达的: * his powerful muscular arms他那肌肉发达而有力的双臂. > muscularity[7mQskju'lArEti; 7mQskjE'lArEti] n [U]. 复合： ,muscular `dystrophy long-lasting illness in which the muscles become gradually weaker 因营养障碍造成的肌肉萎缩.

muse
1[mju:z; mjuz] n 1 the Muses [pl] (in Greek or Roman myth) the nine goddesses, daughters of Zeus or Jupiter, who protected and encouraged poetry, music, dancing, history and other branches of art and literature （希腊或罗马神话中的）缪斯（九位女神, 均为宙斯或朱庇特之女, 专管诗歌、 音乐、 舞蹈、 历史及其他文艺科目）. 2 [C] (rhet 修辞) spirit that inspires a creative artist, esp a poet 艺术家（尤指诗人）的创作灵感: * His muse had deserted him, and he could no longer write. 他已无灵感, 不能再写作了.

museum
[mju:'ziEm; mju'ziEm] n building in whichobjects of artistic, cultural, historical or scientific importanceand interest are displayed 博物馆: * a museum of natural history 自然历史博物馆 * an anthropological museum 人类学博物馆. 复合： mu`seum piece 1 fine specimen suitable for a museum 适於博物馆陈列的精品. 2 (joc derog 谑, 贬) out-of-date or obsolete thing or person 过时的物或人; 老古董: This old radio of yours is a bit of a museum piece; it's about time you got a new one! 你这个旧收音机该进博物馆了, 早就该买个新的了!

mush
[mQF; mQF] n 1 [U, sing] (usu derog 通常作贬义) soft thick mixture or mass 软而稠的混合物或块; 糊状物: * The vegetables had been boiled to a mush, and were quite uneatable. 菜煮烂了, 都没法吃了. 2 [U] (US) boiled corn meal 玉米粥. 3 [U] (infml derog 口, 贬) (speech or writing full of) weak sentimentality 脆弱的感情; 感伤; 伤感的言语或文字: * I've never read such a load of mush! 我从来没有读过如此哀思绵绵的作品! 派生： mushy adj 1 like mush 糊状的. 2 (infml derog 口, 贬) weakly sentimental 多愁善感的; 感情脆弱的: a mushy film, book, etc 沉郁伤感的影片、 小说等.

mushroom
[5mQFrum, -ru:m; 5mQFrum, -rum] n fast-growing fungus with a round flattish head and a stalk, of which some kinds can be eaten 蕈; 菇; 蘑菇: * grilled/fried mushrooms 烤[炸]蘑菇 * a button mushroom, ie a small one with a round head like a button 钮粒蘑菇 * [attrib 作定语] mushroom soup 蘑菇汤. =>illus at fungus 见fungus插图. Cf 参看 toadstool. 派生： mushroom v [I] 1 (usu 通常作 go mushrooming) gather mushrooms (in a field or wood) （在地里或林子里）采集蘑菇. 2 (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) spread or increase in number rapidly 迅速扩散或增加: new blocks of flats and offices mushrooming all over the city 在全市各处如雨後春笋般出现的新公寓楼和办公楼. 复合： ,mushroom `cloud cloud (shaped like a mushroom) that forms after a nuclear explosion （核爆炸後形成的）蘑菇云.

music
[5mju:zik; 5mjuzik] n [U] 1 (a) art of arranging the sounds of voice(s) or instrument(s) or both in a pleasing sequence or combination 音乐: * study music 研习音乐 * [attrib 作定语] a music lesson, teacher 音乐课、 教师. (b) compositions made by doing this 音乐作品; 乐曲: * Mozart's music 莫扎特的乐曲 * play a piece of music 演奏一首乐曲 * [attrib 作定语] a music lover 热爱音乐的人. (c) (book, sheets of paper, etc containing) written or printed signs representing such compositions 乐谱: * I'd left my music at home. 我把乐谱落在家里了. * read music 识乐谱. 2 (idm 习语) face the music => face2. music to one's `ears information that pleases one very much 佳音; 好消息: * The news of his resignation was music to my ears. 听说他辞职, 我高兴极了. put/set sth to `music write music to go with words (eg of a poem) so that they can be sung 为（如诗）谱曲. 复合： `music box (US) = musical box (musical). `music centre equipment combining a radio, record player and tape recorder 组合音响（收音机、 电唱机、 磁带录放机合为一体者）. `music-hall n (a) [C] (esp in the late 19th and early 20th centuries) theatre used for variety entertainment (eg songs, acrobatic performances, juggling) （尤指19世纪末20世纪初的）歌舞杂耍戏院. (b) [U] the entertainment itself 歌舞杂耍: [attrib 作定语] music-hall songs, entertainers, etc 歌舞杂耍戏院的歌唱、 表演者等. `music-stand n light (usu folding) framework for holding sheets of printed music 乐谱架. `music-stool n seat without a back (usu adjustable in height) used when playing a piano 琴凳（通常为可调节高度的）.

musical
[5mju:zikl; 5mjuzikl] adj 1 [usu attrib 通常作定语] of or for music 音乐的; 用於音乐的: * a musical entertainment 音乐表演 * musical instruments, ie for producing music, eg piano, violin, flute, horn 乐器 * musical talent 音乐天才 * She has no formal musical qualifications. 她没有正式的音乐方面资历. * a musical society, ie for people to listen to music or perform music together 音乐社团. 2 fond of or skilled in music 喜爱或精於音乐的: * She's very musical. 她非常喜爱音乐. 3 melodious; pleasant to listen to 音调优美的; 悦耳的: * He has quite a musical voice. 他的声音非常动听. 派生： musical n (also ,musical `comedy) light, amusing play or film with songs and usu dancing 音乐喜剧: Rogers and Hammerstein's musical `South Pacific'. 罗杰斯和哈默斯坦的音乐喜剧脎南太平洋脍. musically[-kli; -kli] 1 in or of music 在音乐方面: * musically gifted, talented, ignorant 音乐方面有禀赋的、 有天才的、 无知的. 2 in a way that is pleasing to listen to 动听地; 悦耳地: * play, sing, speak, etc musically 演奏、 歌唱、 说话等动听. 复合： `musical box (also `music box) box with a mechanical device that produces a tune when the box is opened 八音盒. ,musical `chairs 1 game in which players go round a row of chairs (one fewer than the number of players) until the music stops, when the one who finds no chair to sit on has to leave the game 抢椅子游戏（参加者随乐声绕椅子行走, 椅数比人数少一, 音乐停时抢椅而坐, 无座者淘汰）. 2 (fig often derog 比喻, 常作贬义) situation in which people frequently take turns to have sth, esp a job 靠轮流才获得某事物的情形（尤指获得工作）: He had come out on top in the game of musical chairs by which senior posts seemed to be filled. 已经轮到他获得高级职位了, 这种职位似乎是要轮候的.

musician
[mju:'ziFn; mju'ziFEn] n person who makes music by playing or conducting 音乐家: * She is a fine musician. 她是位优秀的音乐家. 派生： musicianship n [U] art and skill in (performing) music 音乐（演奏）艺术和技巧: the pianist's sensitive musicianship 钢琴家细腻的音乐技艺.

musicology
[7mju:zi'kClEdVi; 7mjuzi'kalEdVi] n [U] academic study of music 音乐学. > musicological/ 9mju:zIkE5lCdVIkl; 9mjuzIkE`lBdVIkEl/ adj. musicologist/ 9mju:zI9kClEdVIst; 9mjuzI`kBlEdVIst/ n.

musk
[mQsk; mQsk] n [U] 1 strong-smelling substance produced in glands by the male musk-deer, used in the manufacture of perfume 麝香. 2 any of several plants with a similar smell 麝香植物. 派生： musky adj (-ier, -iest) (smelling) like musk 像麝香（味）的: a musky odour 麝香气味. 复合： `musk-deer n small hornless deer of Central Asia 麝, 香獐子（产於中亚）. `musk-melon n sweet juicy type of melon 甜瓜; 香瓜. `musk-rat (also `musquash) n large rat-like water animal of N America, valuable for its fur 麝鼠（产於北美, 毛皮珍贵）. `musk-rose n rambling rose with large, sweet-smelling flowers 麝香蔷薇.

musket
[5mQskit; 5mQskit] n long-barrelled firearm used by soldiers from the 16th to the 19th centuries (now replaced by the rifle) 滑膛枪（16世纪至19世纪士兵所用的）. 派生： musketeer[7mQski'tiE(r); 7mQskE'tir] n soldier armed with a musket 装备滑膛枪的士兵. musketry[5mQskitri; 5mQskitri] n [U] (dated 旧) (science of or instruction in) shooting with rifles 滑膛枪射击术: * learn skill in musketry 学习滑膛枪射击技术.

Muslim
[5muzlim; - 'mQzlEm; 5mQzlEm] (also Moslem/ 5mCzlEm `mBzlEm/) n person whose religion is Islam; follower of Muhammad 穆斯林; 伊斯兰教信徒. 派生： Muslim (also Moslem) adj of Muslims and Islam 穆斯林的; 伊斯兰教信徒的: Muslim historians, holidays,leaders 穆斯林史学家、 节日、 领袖. =>Usage at christian用法见christian.

muslin
[5mQzlin; 5mQzlin] n [U] thin fine cotton cloth, used for dresses, curtains, etc 平纹细布（用作衣物、 窗 等）.

musquash
[5mQskwCF; 5mQskwaF] n [U, C] (a) = musk-rat (musk). (b) fur of the musk-rat 麝鼠毛皮: * [attrib 作定语] a musquash coat 麝鼠皮大衣.

muss
[mQs; mQs] v [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) (infml 口) (esp US) put sth into disorder 把某物弄乱; 搞乱某物: * Don't muss (up) my hair! 别弄乱我的头发!

mussel
[5mQsl; 5mQsl] n any of several types of edible shellfish with a black shell in two parts 贻贝; 壳菜; 淡菜. =>illus at shellfish 见shellfish插图.

must
1[mEst; mEst, strong form 强读式 mQst; mQst] modal v (neg 否定式 must not, contracted form 缩约式 mustn't[5mQsnt; 5mQsnt] ) 1 (a) (indicating obligation 表示必要): * I must go to the bank to get some money. 我得到银行去取些钱. * When you enter the building you must show the guard your pass. 进入大楼时须向警卫出示通行证. * Cars must not park in front of the entrance. 入口处不得停放汽车. * You mustn't open the oven door before the cake is ready. 饼未熟不得打开烤箱的门. * We mustn't be late, must we? 我们不能迟到, 是吧? * `Must you go so soon?’ `Yes, I must.’ ‘你一定得这麽早就走吗?’‘是的, 必须这麽早.’ =>Usage 1 见所附用法第1项. (b) (indicating advice or recommendation 表示劝告或建议): * We must see what the authorities have to say. 我们应该看看当局怎麽说. * I must ask you not to do that again. 我得劝你不要再做那种事情了. =>Usage 2 见所附用法第2项. 2 (drawing a logical conclusion 做出逻辑推断): * You must be hungry after your long walk. 你走了那麽长的路, 一定饿了吧. * She must be having a lot of problems with the language. 她在语言上一定有很多困难. * You must be Mr Smith I was told to expect you. 你准是史密斯先生吧--我是吩咐来接你的. * They must be twins. 他们一定是双胞胎. * He must have known (ie Surely he knew) what she wanted. 他当时肯定知道她需要什麽. * We must have read the same report. 咱们看的一定是同一份报道. =>Usage 3 见所附用法第3项. 3 (indicating insistence 表示坚持): * You `must put your name down for the team. 你必须报名参加该队. * You simply `must read this book it's so funny. 你一定得看看这本书--太有趣了. * `Must you make so much noise? 你就非得弄出这麽大声吗? 派生： must n (infml 口) thing that must be done, seen, heard, etc 必须做、 看、 听等的事: His new novel is a must for all lovers of crime fiction. 他的新小说是罪案小说爱好者必须一读的.

must1
NOTE ON USAGE 用法: 1 OBLIGATION (must, need1,2, have to, ought to, should1) 义务或责任（must、 need1, 2、 have to、 ought to、 should） (a) Must is used to show that the speaker orders or expects something to be done *must用以表示说话者命令或期待做成某事: The children must be back by 4 o'clock. 孩子必须4点钟以前回来. * I must go now, ie I feel obliged to go. 我现在得走了, 即我觉得有此必要. Need to (informal have to) is used when somebody else is giving orders or controlling events *need to（通俗用词为have to）用於他人发出指令或操纵的情况下: You need to/have to pass a special exam to get into the school. 你要上那所学校得通过一次特别的考试. * I have to go now, ie something (or somebody else) requires it. 我现在得走了, 即某事或某人要求我如此. Ought to and should indicate that the speaker is giving an order, but suggest that he or she is not sure it will be obeyed *ought to和should表示说话者发出指令, 但暗含对方是否听从并无把握之意: She really ought to/should be leaving now. 她现在可真该走了. * You ought to/should apologize (though I'm not sure you will). 你应该道歉（虽然我不知道你是否这样做）. (b) Mustn't (and oughtn't to, shouldn't) are used when the speaker wants somebody not to do something*mustn't（和oughtn't to、 shouldn't）用於说话者要某人不做某事: You mustn't leave the gate open. 你不要敞着大门. * You oughtn't to/shouldn't neglect the garden. 你不要不管花园. Needn't and don't have to mean that there is a lack of obligation to do something *needn' t和don' t have to意指没有做某事的义务或责任: You needn't/don't have to arrive early. (Cf You mustn't arrive early.) 你不必早来. （参看: 你不要早来.） (c) In indirect commands, had to replaces must 在间接指令中用had to取代must: Mother said that the children had to be back by 4 o'clock. (Cf Mary said he ought to/should apologize.) 母亲说了孩子4点以前必须回来. （参看: 玛丽说他应该道歉.）

must2
2 ADVICE (must, have got to, ought to, should1) 劝告或建议（must、 have got to、 ought to、 should1） (a) Must (informal have got to) is used to advise or recommend *must（通俗用词为have got to）用以提出劝告或建议: You simply must see that film. 你可得看看这部电影. * You've got to take life more seriously. 你对待生活要严肃一些. Ought to and should suggest that the speaker is less confident the advice will be taken *ought to和should含有说话者对劝告之是否接受更无把握之意: You really ought to/should do something about that cough! 你咳嗽那麽厉害, 真得治一治了! (b) To advise somebody not to do something, mustn't, oughtn't to and shouldn't are used 劝某人不做某事时, 用mustn't、 oughtn't to、 shouldn't: You mustn't/oughtn't to/shouldn't miss this opportunity. 你不可[不该/不应]错过这个机会. (c) In indirect speech, the same rules apply as for OBLIGATION. 在间接引用语中,前述用於表示义务或责任的规则也适用於此. 3 DRAWING CONCLUSIONS (must, have to, ought to, should1) 作结论（must、 have to、 ought to、 should1） (a) Must and have to (informal) are used when drawing a conclusion about which there is no doubt *must和have to（较通俗）用於毫无怀疑的结论: He must be/has to be the wanted man: he's exactly like his picture. 他一定是受通缉的那个男子: 他和照片上的人一模一样. Ought to and should indicate that the speaker is being more tentative *ought to和should表示说话者有较大的试探性: He ought to/should be here in time he started early enough. 他该[应]按时到这里--他出发得够早的. (b) To show that a conclusion cannot be drawn, can't is used 表示无法定论则用can't: He can't be the wanted man. 他不会是那个被通缉的男子. * He can't (surely) get here in time. 他（肯定）不能及时赶到这里. (c) Must have, ought to have and should have are used to draw a conclusion from some past event *must have、 ought to have、 should have用以对某件过去的事情作结论: She must have received the parcel: I sent it by registered post. 她一定已经收到包裹了, 我是用挂号寄的.

mustache
(US) = moustache.

mustachio
[mE'sta:FiEu; - -stAF-; mE'stAFio] n (pl ~s) large (usu long-haired) moustache 大的（通常为长的）髭.

mustang
[5mQstAN; 5mQstAN] n small wild or half-wild horse of the N American plains （北美平原产）小野马, 半野马.

mustard
[5mQstEd; 5mQstld] n 1 [U] plant with yellow flowers and (black or white) sharp-tasting seeds in long thin pods 芥. 2 (a) [U] (also `mustard powder) these seeds ground into powder 芥末. (b) [U, C] these seeds or this powder mixed into a strong-flavoured sauce with (esp) vinegar and served with savoury food 芥子酱: * [attrib 作定语] a mustard pot/jar/spoon 芥末瓶[罐/勺]. 3 [U] darkish yellow colour (like the sauce made from the seeds of the mustard plant) 芥末黄; 深黄色: * [attrib 作定语] a mustard (yellow) sweater 芥末黄（深黄色）毛衣. 4 (idm 习语) keen as mustard => keen1. 复合： `mustard gas kind of liquid poison with vapour that burns the skin (used in World War I) 芥子气（糜烂皮肤的毒气, 曾用於第一次世界大战中）.

muster
[5mQstE(r); 5mQstl] n 1 assembly or gathering of people or things, esp for review or inspection （人或物的）集合, 集中（尤指为检查的）: * a muster of troops 集合的部队. 2 (idm 习语) pass muster => pass2. 派生： muster v 1 [I, Tn] come or bring (people) together, esp for a military parade （人员）集合, 召集（人员）（尤指为军事检阅）: The troops mustered (on the square). 部队已（在广场上）集合. * He mustered all the troops. 他召集了所有的部队. 2 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) gain sth by collecting it from other people or by drawing it from within oneself; summon sth up （自他人处）搜集某事物; （自本身）激发, 激起: muster public support for sth 徵集公众对某事物的支持 * I couldn't muster up much enthusiasm for it. 我对这件事鼓不起劲来.

musty
[5mQsti; 5mQsti] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 smelling or tasting stale, mouldy and damp 有陈腐、 发霉和潮湿味的: * musty old books 发霉的旧书 * a musty room full of damp 弥漫着潮湿气味的房间 * The wine tastes musty. 这酒有霉味了. 2 (fig derog 比喻, 贬) out-of-date; obsolete 过时的; 陈腐的: * the same musty old ideas presented as if they were new 提出貌似新颖的老一套陈旧想法. > mustiness[5mQstinis; 5mQstinis] n [U].

mutable
[5mju:tEbl; 5mjutEbl] adj (rhet 修辞) liable to change; likely to change 可变的; 易变的; 不定的. > mutability[7mju:tE'bilEti; 7mjutE'bilEti] n [U].

mutant
[5mju:tEnt; 5mjutEnt] n 1 (biology 生) living thing that differs basically from its parents as a result of genetic change; mutation (c) 突变体; 突变型. 2 (infml 口) (esp in science fiction) living thing that is deformed or disfigured as a result of genetic change （尤指科幻小说中的）（因基因变异而致的）畸形怪物. 派生： mutant adj differing as a result of genetic change 因基因变异而不同的; 变种的; 变异的: a mutant gene 突变基因 * a mutant strain of a virus 病毒突变株.

mutation
[mju:'teiFn; mju'teFEn] n (a) [U] change; alteration 变化; 转变; 突变; 变异: * (biology 生) mutation of cells 细胞的突变 * (linguistics 语言) mutation of sounds 语音的变化 * vowel mutation 元音变化. (b) [C] instance of this 变化; 转变; 突变; 变异: * mutations in plants caused by radiation 放射线引起的植物变异. (c) [C] new organism resulting from such a change; mutant(1) 变种; 突变体; 突变型. 派生： mutate/mju:'teit; - 'mju:teit; 5mju7tet] v [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (into sth) (cause sth to) undergo mutation （使某物）变化, 转变, 突变, 变异: * cells that mutate/are mutated 变异的细胞 * organisms that mutate into new forms 变成新种的生物.

mutatis mutandis
[mu:7ta:tis mu:'tAndis; mu7tatis mu'tAndis] (Latin 拉) with appropriate changes (when comparing cases) （根据情况）作适当变动: * What I have said about the army also applies, mutatis mutandis, to the navy. 我谈到的陆军方面, 如作适当变动, 也适用於海军.

mute
[mju:t; mjut] adj 1 silent; making no sound沉默的; 无声的: * stare in mute amazement, admiration, astonishment, etc 惊奇、 钦佩、 惊讶等而目瞪口呆 * remain mute 保持沉默. 2 (dated 旧) (of people) unable to speak; dumb （指人）不能说话的, 哑的: * mute from birth 生来就哑的. 3 (of a letter in a written word) not pronounced when spoken （指字中字母）不发音的: * The `b' in `dumb' is mute. 在dumb一字中b不发音. 派生： mute n 1 (a) piece of metal, plastic, etc used to soften the sounds produced from a stringed instrument 弱音器（使弦乐器发声柔和的金属、 塑料等附件）. (b) pad placed in the opening of a wind instrument to change the quality of the sounds produced 弱音器（改变管乐器音质用的管口塞头）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page x. 2 (dated 旧) dumb person 哑巴. mute v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] make the sound of (esp a musical instrument) quieter or softer, esp with a mute 使声音（尤指乐器声）减弱, 柔和（尤指用弱音器）: The strings are muted throughout the closing bars of the symphony. 该交响曲结束部分各节中的弦乐全为弱化音. muted adj 1 (of sounds) quiet and often indistinct （指声音）弱化的, （常指）微弱不清的: They spoke in muted voices. 他们轻声说话. 2 not openly or vigorously expressed 非公开或非强烈表达的; 暗中的: muted excitement 内心的激动 * muted criticism 温和的批评. 3 (of musical instruments) fitted with a mute （指乐器）装有弱音器的: muted strings 装有弱音器的琴弦. 4 (of colours) not bright; subdued （指颜色）不耀眼的, 柔和的: muted greens and blues 各种柔和的绿色和蓝色. mutely adv silently; dumbly 沉默地; 哑然. muteness n [U].

mutilate
[5mju:tileit; 5mjutl7et] v [Tn] injure, damage or disfigure (sb/sth) by breaking, tearing or cutting off a necessary part （折断、 撕去、 割掉某部分）使（某人[某事物]）损伤, 残缺, 外形损毁: * The invaders cut off their prisoners' arms and legs and threw their mutilated bodies into the ditch. 侵略者把俘虏的四肢砍掉, 然後把残缺不全的躯体扔进沟里. * A madman mutilated the painting by cutting holes in it. 有个疯子破坏了那幅画, 在上面捅了许多窟窿. * (fig 比喻) The editor mutilated my text by removing whole paragraphs from it. 那编辑把我的文稿整段整段删掉, 弄得面目全非. 派生： mutilation[7mju:ti'leiFn; 7mjutl'eFEn] n (a) [U] mutilating or being mutilated （除掉某组成部分之类的）损伤, 残缺, 外形损毁: * Thousands suffered death or mutilation as a result of the bomb attacks. 这场空袭造成数千人死的死伤的伤. (b) [C] injury, damage or loss caused by this （因除掉某组成部分而造成的）损伤, 残缺, 外形损毁.

mutinous
[5mju:tinEs; 5mjutnEs] adj guilty of mutiny; refusing to obey; rebellious 反叛的; 抗命的; 造反的: * mutinous sailors, workers, children, etc 叛变的水兵、 反抗的工人、 不听话的孩子 * mutinous behaviour 反叛行为. > mutinously adv.

mutiny
[5mju:tini; 5mjutni] n [C, U] rebellion against lawful authority, esp by soldiers or sailors 叛乱; （尤指军人或水手的）哗变, 兵变: * The crew tried to seize control of the ship, and were shot for mutiny. 船员夺船未遂, 均以叛乱罪被枪决. * If the manager hadn't accepted some of the team's demands he could have had a mutiny on his hands. 领队要不是答应了队员的部分要求, 他可能已众叛亲离了. 派生：mutineer[7mju:ti'niE(r); 7mjutn'ir] n person guilty of mutiny 反叛者; 叛兵. mutiny v [I, Ipr] ~ (against sb/sth) be guilty of mutiny; revolt (against sb/sth) 反叛, 叛变（某人[某事物]）: a crew that mutinies (against its captain, against bad living conditions) （因反抗船长、 抗议生活条件恶劣而）哗变的船员.

mutt
[mQt; mQt] n 1 (infml 口) foolish, incompetent and awkward person 愚蠢、 无能而笨拙的人: * You silly big mutt! 你这大笨蛋! 2 (derog 贬) mongrel dog 杂种狗: * What an ugly mutt! 多难看的杂种狗哇!

mutter
[5mQtE(r); 5mQtl] v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Tf, Dn.pr] ~ (sth) (to sb) (about sth) speak or say (sth) in a low voice that is hard to hear 低语; 咕哝（某事）: * Don't mutter! I can't hear you. 别叽叽咕咕的! 我听不见. * Sarah was muttering away to herself as she did the washing-up. 萨拉一边洗碗碟一边独自咕哝个没完. * He muttered something (to the salesgirl) (about losing his wallet). 他低声（向女售货员）述说着（他的钱包丢了）. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (about/against/at sb/sth) complain or grumble privately or in a way that is not openly expressed （私下）埋怨, 发牢骚, 讲怪话: * For some time people had been muttering about the way she ran the department. 人们对她的管理方式私下抱怨已有时日. 3 [I] (of thunder) be heard distantly; rumble （指雷）自远处发低沉声, 隆隆作响. 派生： mutter n (usu sing 通常作单数) indistinct utterance or sound 含糊低语声; 含混不清的声音. mutterer[5mQtErE(r); 5mQtlrl] n person who mutters 喃喃低语者. muttering[5mQtEriN; 5mQtEriN] n [U] (also mutterings[pl]) complaints that are privately or not openly expressed 私下的抱怨.

mutton
[5mQtn; 5mQtn] n 1 [U] meat from a fully grown sheep 羊肉: * a leg/shoulder of mutton 羊腿[羊肩]肉 * roast, boiled, stewed mutton 烧、 清炖、 焖羊肉 * [attrib 作定语] mutton stew 焖羊肉 * a mutton chop, ie a piece of rib of mutton 羊排. Cf 参看 lamb 2. 2 (idm 习语) dead as mutton => dead. mutton dressed (up) as `lamb (infml derog 口, 贬) older person dressed in a style suitable for a younger person 作年轻打扮的老年人; 老来俏. 复合： `mutton-head n (infml derog 口, 贬) stupid person 笨蛋; 傻瓜.

mutual
[5mju:tFuEl; 5mjutFuEl] adj 1 (of a feeling or an action) felt or done by each towards the other （指感想或行为）相互的, 彼此的: * mutual affection, suspicion, etc, ie A is fond/suspicious of B, and B is fond/suspicious of A 彼此间的爱、 猜疑等 * mutual aid, assistance, etc 相互的援助、 帮助等. 2 [attrib 作定语] (of people) having the same specified relationship to each other （指人）有相同关系的: * We are mutual friends, enemies, etc. 我们彼此是朋友、 敌人等. 3 [attrib 作定语] (infml 口) shared by two or more people （人与人之间）共同的, 共有的, 共享的: * our mutual friend, Smith, ie Smith, a friend of both of us 我们两人共同的朋友史密斯. 4 (idm 习语) a mutual admiration society (derog 贬) situation in which two or more people praise or openly admire each other 互相吹棒. > mutually[-uEli; -uEli] adv: * The two assertions are mutually exclusive, ie cannot both be true. 这两种说法相互排斥. 复合： ,mutual `funds (US) = unit trusts (unit). ,mutual in`surance company one in which some or all of the profits are divided among the policy-holders 相互保险公司（部分或全部利润由投保人分享者）.

Muzak
[5mju:zAk; 5mjuzAk] n [U] (propr often derog 专利名, 常作贬义) continuous recorded light music often played in shops, restaurants, factories, etc 常在商店、 餐馆、 工厂等处连续播放的轻音乐.

muzzle
[5mQzl; 5mQzl] n 1 (a) nose and mouth of an animal (eg a dog or fox) （动物, 如狗、 狐等的）鼻口部分. (b) guard of straps or wires placed over this part of an animal's head to prevent it biting, etc （防动物咬人等的）口套. 2 open end of a firearm, out of which the bullets, etc come 枪口; 炮口: * a ,muzzle-loading `gun 前膛装填的枪炮. Cf 参看 breech. 派生： muzzle v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] 1 put a muzzle on (a dog, etc) 给（狗等）戴口套: Such a fierce animal ought to be muzzled. 这动物太凶, 应该给它戴上口套. 2 (fig derog 比喻, 贬) prevent (a person, society, newspaper, etc) from expressing opinions freely 禁止（某人、 社团、 报纸等）自由发表意见: accuse the government of muzzling the press, freedom of speech, etc 谴责政府箝制新闻、 言论自由等. 复合： `muzzle velocity speed of a bullet, shell, etc as it leaves the muzzle of a firearm （枪弹、 炮弹等离开枪炮口时的）初速.

muzzy
[5mQzi; 5mQzi] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 unable to think clearly; confused 迷糊的; 糊涂的: * After a couple of whiskies my head felt all muzzy. 我喝了两杯威士忌, 就昏头昏脑的了. 2 blurred 模糊不清. > muzzily adv. muzziness n [U].

MV
[7em 'vi:; 7em 'vi] abbr 缩写 = motor vessel 内燃机船.

MW
abbr 缩写 = (radio 无) medium wave.

my
[mai; mai] possess det 1 of or belonging to the speaker or writer 我的: * Where's my hat? 我的帽子在哪里? * My feet are cold. 我脚冷. * He always forgets my birthday. 他老是忘记我的生日. 2 (used before a n or an adj as a form of address 於名词或形容词前作称呼用): * my dear, darling, love, etc 我亲爱的、 我的宝贝、 我亲爱的 * my dear fellow, chap, man, girl, woman, etc 亲爱的朋友、 小夥子、 老兄、 姑娘、 妻子等 * Come along, my boy. 快点, 老兄. 3 (used in exclamations 用於感叹语): * My goodness, what a surprise! 我的天哪, 真想不到! * My God, look at the time! 啊呀, 都什麽时候啦! Cf 参看 mine1.

mycology
[mai'kClEdVi; mai'kalEdVi] n [U] science or study of fungi 真菌学.

myelitis
[7maiE'laitis; 7maiE'laitis] n [U] (medical 医) inflammation of the spinal cord 脊髓炎.

mynah
(also myna, mina)[5mainE; 5mainE] n any of several types of starling of SE Asia, known for their ability to copy human speech 鹩哥, 家八哥, 八哥（产於东南亚, 能模仿人说话）.

myopia
[mai'EupiE; mai'opiE] n [U] 1 (medical 医) short-sightedness 近视. 2 (derog 贬) inability to look into the future 缺乏远见; 目光短浅: * ministers charged with myopia 受指责缺乏远见的大臣. 派生： myopic/mai'Cpik; mai'apik] adj 1 (medical 医) short-sighted 近视的: * myopic eyes, vision, etc 近视眼、 近视. 2 (fig derog 比喻, 贬) showing inability to look ahead into the future 缺乏远见的; 目光短浅的: * a myopic outlook, attitude, etc 缺乏远见的看法、 态度等 * a government with myopic policies 缺乏深谋远虑的政府. myopically[-kli; -kli] adv.

myriad
[5miriEd; 5miriEd] n extremely large number 无数; 极大数量: * Each galaxy contains myriads of stars. 每一星系都有无数的 星. 派生： myriad adj [attrib 作定语] uncountably many 无数的: a butterfly's wing, with its myriad tiny scales 带有无数细小鳞片的蝴蝶翅膀.

myrmidon
[5mE:midEn; - -dCn; 5mEmE7dan] n (derog or joc 贬或谑) person who carries out orders without question 盲目执行命令的人: * myrmidons of the law, eg bailiffs 法律的奴仆（如法警）.

myrrh
[mE:(r); mE] n [U] sweet-smelling, bitter-tasting type of gum or resin obtained from shrubs and used for making incense and perfumes 没药.

myrtle
[5mE:tl; 5mEtl] n [U] any of several types of evergreen shrub with shiny leaves and sweet-smelling white flowers 香桃木, 番樱桃, 爱神木（桃金娘科常绿灌木）.

myself
[mai'self; mai'self] reflex, emph pron 反身、 强调代词 (only taking the main stress in sentences when used emphatically 仅用以加强语气时方读重音) 1 (reflex 反身) (used when the speaker or writer is also the person affected by an action 用於动作及於说话者或写作者本人时): * I ,cut myself with a `knife. 我用刀把自己剌伤了. 2 (emph 强调) (used to emphasize the speaker or writer 用以强调说话者或写作者本人): * I my`self will present the prizes. 我亲自来发奖. * I said so my`self only last week. 我自己在上星期还这样说过. 3 (idm 习语) (all) by my`self (a) alone 独自. (b) without help 独自地; 独力地: * I finished the crossword (all) by myself. 我自己（一个人）做出的纵横填字字谜.

mysterious
[mi'stiEriEs; mis'tiriEs] adj 1 full of mystery; hard to understand or explain 神秘的; 不可思议的; 难解的: * a mysterious event, crime, etc 神秘的事件、 罪行等 * a mysterious letter, parcel, etc, ie whose contents or sender are unknown 神秘的信件、 包裹等（内容或寄件人不明）. 2 keeping or liking to keep things secret 保密的; 好故弄玄虚的: * He was being very mysterious, and wouldn't tell me what he was up to. 他神秘莫测, 不告诉我他想干什麽. * She gave me a mysterious look, ie suggesting secret knowledge. 她向我使个神秘的眼色（意谓知道秘密）. > mysteriously adv: * The main witness had mysteriously disappeared.主要见证人神秘地失踪了. * Mysteriously, there was no answer when I rang. 真怪, 我按了铃, 但没人应. mysteriousness n [U].

mystery
[5mistEri; 5mistEri] n 1 [C] (a) thing of which the cause or origin is hidden or impossible to explain 神秘的事物; 不可解释的事物; 秘密: * the mystery/mysteries of life 生命的奥秘 * a crime that is an unsolved mystery 一宗未破的神秘罪案 * It's a mystery to me why they didn't choose him. 他们为什麽不选择他我觉得是个谜. * [attrib 作定语] a mystery guest, visitor, tour, ie kept secret until a certain moment 神秘的客人、 来访者、 旅行（不到时候不公开）. (b) (infml 口) person about whom not much is known or can be found out 来历不明或难探究竟的人: * He's a bit of a mystery! 他这人有点来历不明! 2 [U] condition of being secret or obscure 秘密; 神秘: * His past is shrouded in mystery, ie one cannot find out the truth about it. 他的过去使人捉摸不透. 3 [U] practice of or fondness for making things secret; secrecy 卖弄玄虚; 故作神秘; 奥秘: * You're full of mystery tonight; what's going on? 你今天晚上很神秘, 搞的什麽名堂? * [attrib 作定语] a `mystery man/woman 神秘的男子[女子]. 4 [C] religious truth or belief that is beyond human understanding （宗教的）真谛, 信仰, 奥秘: * the mystery of the Incarnation, of the Eucharist, etc 神灵化身、 圣餐等的玄理. 5 mysteries [pl] secret religious ceremonies (of the ancient Greeks, Romans, etc) （古希腊、 罗马等的）秘密宗教仪式: * (fig 比喻) initiating the new recruit into the mysteries (ie customs and practices) of army life 带领新兵熟悉军队生活中的规矩. 6 [C] story or play about a puzzling crime 神秘罪案的故事或戏剧: * a murder mystery 凶杀奇案 * [attrib 作定语] a mystery thriller 惊险悬疑作品. 复合： `mystery play medieval drama containing stories from the life of Jesus 神秘剧（中世纪描写耶稣生平的戏剧）. Cf 参看 miracle play (miracle).

mystic
[5mistik; 5mistik] (also mystical[5mistikl; 5mistEkl] )adj 1 of hidden meaning or spiritual power, esp in religion 神秘的; 玄理的; 不可思议的; （尤指宗教方面）秘教的: * mystic rites and ceremonies 神秘的仪式. 2 of or based on mysticism 神秘主义的: * the world's mystic religions 世界上的神秘主义宗教 * the mystical writings of St John of the Cross 十字架的圣约翰的奥秘神学着述. 3 causing feelings of awe and wonder 引起敬畏和惊奇的: * mystic beauty 惊人的美丽 * For me, standing before the temple door as the sun rose was a mystical experience. 旭日东升, 我站在神殿门前, 体验到油然而生的敬畏之情. 派生： mystic n person who tries to be united with God and,through that, to reach truths beyond human understanding神秘主义者（寻求神人交融藉以获得人类不解之真理者）. mystically[-kli; -kli] adv.

mysticism
[5mistisizEm; 5mistE7sizEm] n [U] belief or experiences of a mystic; teaching and belief that knowledge of God and of real truth may be reached through meditation or spiritual insight, independently of reason and the senses 神秘主义者的信仰和体验; 神秘主义（相信不用理性和感官而藉默想与心灵内省即可认识上帝与真理的学说）: * Christian mysticism 基督教的神秘主义 * A strain of mysticism runs through his poetry. 他的诗作中贯穿着神秘主义的情调.

mystify
[5mistifai; 5mistE7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn] make (sb) confused through lack of understanding; puzzle; bewilder 使（某人）困惑不解; 使迷惑: * I'm mystified; I just can't see how he did it. 我大惑不解, 就是不明白他是怎麽做到的. * her mystifying disappearance 她神秘的失踪. 派生： mystification[7mistifi'keiFn; 7mistEfE'keFEn] n [U] 1 mystifying or being mystified 迷惑; 困惑. 2 (derog 贬) deliberately making sth mysterious or hard to understand,so as to prevent people finding out about it 神秘化; 故弄玄虚.

mystique
[mi'sti:k; mis'tik] n [sing] quality of sth which is not fully known about or understood but is seen to be admirable or special 神秘性: * the mystique of the British monarchy 英国君主体制的神秘色彩 * a simple, straightforward textbook that helps to dispel some of the mystique surrounding computers 有助於消除关於计算机的某些神秘观念的简明教科书 * There is a certain mystique about eating oysters. 人们对吃牡蛎有某种神秘感.

myth
[miW; miW] n 1 [C] story that originated in ancient times, esp one dealing with ideas or beliefs about the early history of a race, or giving explanations of natural events, such as the seasons 神话（尤指有关一民族早期的历史观念或信仰、 对自然现象, 如季节的解释者）: * the Creation myth 创世的神话 * ancient Greek myths 古希腊神话. 2 [U] such stories collectively 神话（总称）: * famous in myth and legend 神话和传奇中着名的. 3 [C] thing, person, etc that is imaginary, fictitious or impossible 想像的、 虚构或不可能存在的事物、 人等: * the myth of racial superiority, of a classless society, of human perfectibility 种族优越的、 无阶级社会的、 人类完美的神话 * The rich uncle of whom he boasts is only a myth. 他吹嘘的那个有钱的叔叔只是个乌有翁. 派生： mythical[5miWikl; 5miWikl] adj 1 existing (only) in myth （只）存在於神话中的: * mythical heroes 神话中的英雄. 2 imaginary; fictitious 想像的; 虚构的: * mythical wealth 假想的财富 * that mythical `rich uncle' of whom he boasts 他吹嘘的那个虚构的‘阔叔叔’.

mythology
[mi'WClEdVi; mi'WalEdVi] n 1 [U] study or science of myths 神话学. 2 [U] myths collectively 神话（总称）: * Greek mythology 希腊神话. 3 [C] body or collection of myths 神话集: * the mythologies of primitive races 原始民族神话集. 派生： mythological[7miWE'lCdVikl; 7miWE'ladVikl] adj of or in mythology or myths 神话（中）的; 神话学（中）的: * mythological literature 神话文学 * Pluto, the mythological king of the underworld 普卢托, 神话中的冥王. mythologist/mi'WClEdVist; mi'WalEdVist] n person who studies myths 神话学研究者.

myxomatosis
[7miksEmE'tEusis; 7miksEmE'tosis] n [U] fatal infectious disease of rabbits 多发性黏液瘤病, 黏液瘤变性（兔瘟）.

N, n
[en; en] n (pl N's, n's/enz; enz] ) the fourteenth letter of the English alphabet 英语字母表的第十四个字母: * `Nicholas' begins with (an) N/`N'. Nicholas一字以N字母开始.

NAACP
[7en ei ei si: 'pi:; 7en e 7e si 'pi] abbr 缩写 = (US) National Association for the Advancement of Colored People 全国有色人种协进会.

NAAFI
[5nAfi; 5nAfi] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Navy, Army and Air Force Institutes (providing canteens, shops, etc for British servicemen in England and abroad) 海陆空军小卖店经营机构. Cf 参看 PX.

nab
[nAb; nAb] v (-bb-) [Tn] (Brit infml 口) catch (sb) doing wrong; seize 逮住, 捉住（某人）; 抓住: * He was nabbed (by the police) for speeding. 他超速行车被（警察）逮住了.

nacelle
[nA'sel; nE'sel] n outer casing for an aircraft engine （飞行器的）发动机舱.

nacre
[5neikE(r); 5nekl] n [U] = mother-of-pearl (mother).

nadir
[5neidiE(r); - 'neidEr; 5nedl] n 1 point in the heavens directly beneath an observer 天底. Cf 参看 zenith. 2 (fig 比喻) lowest point; time of greatest depression, despair, etc 最低点; 最压抑、 消沉等的时刻: * This failure was the nadir of her career. 这次失败是她事业上的低谷.

naff
[nAf; nAf] adj (Brit sl 俚) lacking taste or style; worthless; unfashionable 无滋味的; 无风格的; 无价值的; 不时髦的: * That suit's pretty naff. 那套西装不像样子.

nag
1[nAg; nAg] n (infml often derog 口, 常作贬义) horse 马: * It's a waste of money betting on that old nag! 把赌金压在那匹老马上就是白扔钱!

naiad
[5naiAd; 5naiAd] n (pl ~s or ~es[5naiEdi:z;'naiE7diz] ) (in Greek mythology) water-nymph （希腊神话中的）水神.

nail
[neil; nel] n 1 layer of horny substance over the outer tip of a finger or toe 指甲; 趾甲: * `finger-nails 手指甲 * a `toe-nail 脚趾甲 * cut one's nails 剪指甲. =>illus at hand 见hand插图. 2 small thin piece of metal with a sharp point at one end and a (usu) flat head at the other, hammered into articles to hold them together, or into a wall, etc for use as a peg to hang things on 钉子. =>illus at hammer 见hammer插图. 3 (idm 习语) a nail in sb's/sth's `coffin thing that hastens or ensures sb's death, or the end, failure, etc of sb/sth 加速某人死亡或使某人必死的事物; 某人[某事物]的结局、 失败等: * The long and costly strike proved to be the last nail in the company's coffin. 长期罢工损失巨大致使该公司一蹶不振. fight, etc tooth and nail => tooth. hard as nails => hard. hit the nail on the head => hit1. on the nail (infml 口) (of payment) without delay （指付款）立即: * I want cash on the nail. 我要立即支付的现金. (as) tough as `nails => tough. 派生： nail v 1 [Tn] (infml 口) catch or arrest (sb) 抓住或逮捕（某人）: Have the police nailed the man who did it? 警方逮着做案的人了吗? * She finally nailed me in the corridor. 她最後在走廊里把我抓住了. 2 [Tn] (infml 口) reveal (sth) to be untrue 显示（某事物）不属实: I've finally nailed the myth of his infallibility, ie shown that he can make mistakes. 我终於揭穿了他‘一贯正确’的神话（表明他也会犯错误）. 3 (idm 习语) nail one'scolours to the `mast declare openly and firmly what one believes, whom one supports, etc （公开而坚决地）表明自己相信的事、 支持的人等; 旗帜鲜明. nail a lie (to the counter) prove that a statement is untrue 证明说法不属实; 揭穿谎言. 4 (phr v) nail sth down (a) make (a carpet, lid, etc) secure with nails 将（地毯、 盖子等）用钉子钉牢. (b) define sth precisely 确定某事物. nail sb down (to sth) make sb say precisely what he believes or wants to do 使某人明确地说出其相信的事或要做的事物: She says she'll come, but I can't nail her down to a specific time. 她说她来, 我却无法让她说出确切的时间. nail sth on; nail sth on/onto/to sth fasten sth to sth with nails 将某物用钉子钉在某物上: nail a lid on (the crate) 把盖子钉在（板条箱）上

nail1
* nail a sign to the wall 在墙上钉一标志. nail sth up (a) fasten sth with nails so that it hangs from a wall, post, etc 将某物用钉子钉牢使之悬挂於墙、 柱等上. (b) make (a door, window, etc) secure with nails so that it cannot easily be opened 将（门窗等）用钉子钉牢使之不易开启. 复合： `nail-brush n small brush with stiff bristles for cleaning the finger-nails 指甲刷. =>illus at brush 见brush插图. `nail-file n small flat file for shaping the finger-nails 指甲锉. `nail-scissors n [pl] small scissors for trimming the finger-nails and toe-nails 指甲剪: a pair of nail-scissors 一把指甲剪. `nail varnish (also varnish) (Brit) (US `nail polish) varnish for giving a shiny tint to the finger-nails and toe-nails 指甲油.

naira
[5nairE; 5nairE] n (pl unchanged 复数不变) unit of Nigerian money, 100 kobos 奈拉（尼日利亚货币单位, 合100考包）.

naive
(also nave)[nai'i:v; na'iv] adj 1 natural and innocent in speech and behaviour; unaffected （言行）自然而天真的, 不做作的. 2 (esp derog 尤作贬义) (a) too ready to believe what one is told; credulous （对他人的话）过於相信的, 轻信的: * You weren't so naive as to believe him, were you? 你没有轻易相信他, 是吧? (b) showing lack of experience, wisdom or judgement 显得缺少经验、 智慧或判断力的: * a naive person, remark 幼稚的人、 言语. 派生： naively (also navely) adv. naivety (also navety/nai'i:vti; na'ivti] , navete/ naI5i:vteI; nB`ivte/) n 1 [U] quality of being naive 天真. 2 [C] naive remark, action, etc 天真的言语、 举动等.

naked
[5neikid; 5nekid] adj 1 (a) without clothes on 裸体的: * a naked body 裸体 * as naked as the day he was born 像他出生时那样赤裸的. (b) [usu attrib 通常作定语] without the usual covering 没有通常的遮盖物的: * a naked sword, ie one without its sheath 无鞘的剑 * fight with naked fists, ie without boxing-gloves 赤手拳击（不戴拳击手套） * naked trees, ie without leaves 光秃秃的树（无树叶） * a naked light, eg an electric bulb without a lampshade 无灯罩的电灯. 2 (fig 比喻) not disguised 无隐蔽的; 无掩饰的: * the naked truth 赤裸裸的事实. 3 (idm 习语) the naked `eye eyesight without the use of a telescope, a microscope, etc 肉眼: * Microbes are too small to be seen by the naked eye. 微生物很小, 肉眼看不见. > nakedly adv. nakedness n [U].

namby
pamby

name
1[neim; nem] n 1 [C] word or words by which a person, an animal, a place or a thing is known and spoken to or of 名字; 名称: * My name is Peter. 我名叫彼得. * What is the name of the town where you live? 你住的那个城市叫什麽名字? 2 (a) [sing] reputation; fame 名誉; 名声: * a shop with a (good, bad, etc) name for reliability 信誉（好、 不好等）的商店. (b) [attrib 作定语] (esp US) having a well-known name or an established reputation 有名的; 名声卓着的: * a name brand of soap 名牌肥皂 * a big-name company 大名鼎鼎的公司. 3 [C] famous person 着名的人物; 名人: * the great names of history 历史上的伟人 * All the big names in the pop music world were at the party. 流行音乐界的头面人物都参加了聚会. 4 (idm 习语) answer to the name of sth => answer2. be sb's middle name => middle. by name having or using a name or names 名为; 名叫: * A strange man, Fred by name, came to see me. 有个名叫弗雷德的陌生人来找我. * The teacher knows all his students by name. 这位老师叫得出所有学生的名字. * I only know her by name, ie from hearing others speak of her, not personally. 我只知道她的名字（只听说过, 并不认识）. by/of the name of named 称作; 叫作: * He goes by the name of Henry. 他名叫亨利. * Someone of the name of Henry wants to see you. 有个叫亨利的要见您.call sb names => call2. drag sb/sb's name throughthe mire/mud => drag2. drop names => drop2. enter one's name/put one's name down (for sth) apply to enter (a school, college, course, etc) 报名上（学、 课等）. give a dog a bad name => dog1. give one's name to sth invent or originate sth which then becomes known by one's own name 以自己的名字命名某发明创造: * He gave his name to a well-known brand of frozen food. 他以自己的名字命名的冷冻食品成了名牌. a household name/word => dhousehold. in the name of sb/sth (a) on behalf of sb/sth 代表某人[某事物]:

name1
* I greet you in the name of the President. 我代表总统前来迎接您. (b) by the authority of sth 凭借某事物的权威: * I arrest you in the name of the law. 我依法逮捕你. (c) calling sb/sth to witness 以某人[某事物]为证: * In God's name, what are you doing? 苍天在上, 你究竟在干什麽? (d) for the sake of sth 为某事物的缘故: * They did it all in the name of friendship. 他们完全是出於友谊而那样做. in name only not in reality 表面上; 名义上: * He is leader in name only: * his deputy has effectively taken over. 他不过是个应名儿领导, 他的副手实际上已取而代之. lend one's name to sth => lend. make a `name for oneself/make one's `name become well known 成名; 出名: * She first made a name for herself as an actress. 她最初是以当演员而成名的. sb's name is mud sb is disliked or (often temporarily) unpopular because of sth he has done 某人因所做某事而不受欢迎或（常为一时）不得人心. name names => name2. thename of the `game the main purpose or most importantaspect of an activity 一项活动的主要目的或最重要的方面: * Hard work is the name of the game if you want to succeed in business. 要想生意兴隆, 关键就是苦干. a name to conjure with name of a person, group, company, etc that is respected and influential 受尊敬而有影响的人、 团体、 公司等的名字. not have sth to one's `name not possess even a small amount of (esp money) 一点儿（尤指钱）都没有; 一文不名: * She hasn't a penny to her name, ie is very poor. 她已一文不名（极穷）. put a name to sb/sth know or remember what sb/sth is called 知道或记住某人[某事物]的名称: * I've heard that tune before but I can't put a name to it. 我以前听过那曲调, 但说不出名字了. take sb's name in vain use a name, esp God's, disrespectfully 滥用（尤指上帝的）名字; 亵渎上帝之名. under the name (of) sth using sth as a name instead of one's real name 用某某作名字（不用自己的真名）:

name2
* He writes under the name of Nimrod. 他用尼姆罗德这个名字写作. 复合： `name-day n feast day of the saint whose name one was given at christening 圣名日（以某圣徒名命名者的纪念日）. `name-dropping n [U] practice of casually mentioning the names of famous people one knows or pretends one knows in order to impress others 随便提起自己认识的或假装认识的名人以引人瞩目的做法. `name-drop v (-pp-) [I] talk in this way 以上述方式谈话. `name-part n title-role in a play, etc （戏剧等中的）与剧名相同的角色: He's got the name-part in `Hamlet'. 他获演《哈姆雷特》一剧中哈姆雷特这一角色. `name-plate n plaque on or near the door of a room, building, etc, showing the name of the occupant 姓名牌（挂在房间、 建 物等门上的牌子）. `namesake n person or thing having the same name as another 同姓、 同名或同姓名的人; 同名的事物: She's my namesake but we're not related. 她与我同姓, 但我们不是亲戚. `name-tape n small tape with the owner's name on it, sewn into clothing 名字标签（缝在衣服里标明所有者姓名的布条）. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Your first name (US often given name) is, in English-speaking countries, the name given to you by your parents at birth. 在说英语的国家中first name（美语常作given name）是名字, 是出生时父母给取的. The name common to your family is your family name or, more usually, surname. 姓是family name, 多作surname. *In Christian countries Christian name is often used for first name. 在基督教国家中, 常以教名（Christian name）为名（first name）. *Forename, also meaning first name, is formal and is often found on documents, application forms, etc. *forename也是first name, 但用法较庄重, 常见於文件、 申请表格等中.

nameless
[5neimlis; 5nemlis] adj 1 (a) [esp attrib 尤作定语] having no name or no known name; anonymous 无名的; 不知名的; 匿名的: * a nameless grave 无名墓 * a nameless 13th century poet 13世纪的一个不知名的诗人 * the nameless thousands who built the pyramids 建 金字塔的成千上万不知姓名的人. (b) not mentioned by name 未提及姓名的; 不道出姓名的: * He had received information from a nameless source in the government. 他从政府中一未透露姓名者那里得到了消息. * a well-known public figure, who shall be/remain nameless, ie whose name I will not mention 一位知名人士, 姑隐其姓名. 2 [esp attrib 尤作定语] (a) (esp of emotions) not easy to describe （尤指情感）不可名状的, 难以形容的: * a nameless longing, fear, etc 不可名状的渴望、 恐惧等. (b) too terrible to describe; unmentionable （糟糕得）难以形容的; 难以启齿的: * the nameless horrors of the prison camp 战俘营中难以形容的恐怖.

namely
[5neimli; 5nemli] adv that is to say; specifically 即; 就是: * Only one boy was absent, namely Harry. 只有一个男孩儿缺席, 就是哈里. =>Usage at viz 用法见viz.

nanny
goat

nap
1[nAp; nAp] n short sleep, esp during the day 小睡, 打盹（尤指在白天）: * have/take a quick nap after lunch 午饭後小睡片刻. 派生： nap v (-pp-) [I] 1 have a short sleep 睡一小觉; 打个盹. 2 (idm 习语) catch sb napping => catch1.

napalm
[5neipa:m; 5ne7pam] n [U] petrol in jellied form, used in making fire-bombs 凝固汽油（用以制造燃烧弹）.

nape
[neip; nep] n (usu sing 通常作单数) back part of the neck 项（颈的後部）: * He kissed her on the nape of her neck. 他亲吻她的颈背. =>illus at head 见head插图.

naphtha
[5nAfWE; 5nAfWE] n [U] type of inflammable oil obtained from coal tar and petrol 石油精; 石脑油. 派生： naphthalene[-li:n; -7lin] n [U] strong-smelling substance obtained from coal tar and petrol, used in making dyes and mothballs 玁.

napkin
[5nApkin; 5nApkin] n 1 (also `table napkin) piece of cloth or paper used at meals for protecting one's clothes and wiping one's lips and fingers （布的或纸的）餐巾. 2 (Brit fml 文) = nappy.

nappy
[5nApi; 5nApi] n (Brit infml 口) (also fml 文作 napkin) (US diaper) piece of towelling cloth or similar soft padding folded round a baby's bottom and between its legs to absorb or hold its urine and excreta 尿布: * a disposable nappy, ie one that is made to be thrown away after being used once 一次性尿布（用後即弃的）.

narcissism
[5na:sisizEm; nar'sis7izEm] n [U] (psychology心) abnormal and excessive love or admiration for oneself 自恋; 自我陶醉. > narcissistic[7na:si'sistik; narsi'sistik] adj.

narcissus
[na:'sisEs; nar'sisEs] n (pl ~es/na:'sisEsiz; nar'sisEsiz] or -cissi/na:'sisai; nar'si7sai] ) any of severaltypes of spring flowering bulbs, including the daffodil 水仙属; 水仙.

narcotic
[na:'kCtik; nar'katik] n 1 substance causing sleep or (sometimes extreme) drowsiness 催眠的或麻醉的物质: * The juice of this fruit is a mild narcotic. 这种果汁有轻度催眠作用. 2 (often pl 常作复数) drug that affects the mind 麻醉剂; 毒品: * Narcotics are a major threat to health. 毒品是危害健康的大敌. * [attrib 作定语] a narcotics agent, ie one investigating the illegal trade in narcotics 毒品探员. 派生： narcotic adj of or having the effect of a narcotic 麻醉的; 催眠的: a narcotic effect, substance 麻醉的作用、 物质.

nark
1[na:k; nark] n (Brit sl 俚) police informer or spy （警方的）眼线, 密探.

narrate
[nE'reit; - 'nAreit; 5nAret] v [Tn] tell (a story); give a written or spoken account of 讲（故事）; 描写或叙述: * narrate one's adventures 叙述奇遇 * The story is narrated by its hero. 这故事是由主人公自己讲的. 派生： narration/nE'reiFn; nA'reFEn] n 1 [U] activity of telling a story, etc 讲述; 叙述. 2 [C] story; account of events 故事; （事情的）叙述. narrator n person who narrates 讲述者; 叙述者.

narrative
[5nArEtiv; 5nArEtiv] n 1 [C] spoken or written account of events; story 叙事; 故事: * a gripping narrative about the war 扣人心弦的战况报道. 2 [U] (a) story-telling 讲述; 叙述; 叙事体: * a master of narrative 擅长叙述的人. (b) narrated parts of a book, etc 书等中的叙述部分: * The novel contains more narrative than dialogue. 这部小说里的叙述比对话多. 派生： narrative adj [attrib 作定语] of, or in the form of, story-telling 叙述的; 叙事体的: narrative literature, ie stories and novels 叙事文学（故事和小说） * narrative poems 叙事诗 * a writer of great narrative power, ie able to describe events vividly 擅长叙事的作家.

narrow
[5nArEu; 5nAro] adj (-er, -est) 1 of small width compared with length 窄的: * a narrow bridge, path, ledge 窄的桥、 路、 檐 * The road was too narrow for cars to pass. 路很窄, 汽车过不去. Cf 参看 broad1 1, thin 1, wide 1. 2 of limited range or variety; small or restricted （范围或种类）有限的, 小的, 受限制的: * a narrow circle of friends 交游不广 * the narrow confines of small-town life 小镇生活的狭小天地. 3 [usu attrib 通常作定语] with only a small margin; barely achieved 勉强的; 几乎未成的: * a narrow escape from death 九死一生 * elected by a narrow majority, eg when voting is 67 to 64 以微弱多数当选（如以67票对64票） * The favourite had a narrow lead over (ie was not far ahead of) the rest. 那匹热门马稍稍领先. 4 limited in outlook; having little sympathy for the ideas, etc of others 偏狭的; 狭隘的; 度量小的: * He has a very narrow mind. 他度量很小. * She takes a rather narrow view of the subject. 她对这一问题有些偏见. 5 strict; exact 严格的; 精确的: * What does the word mean in its narrowest sense? 这个词的最狭义的意思是什麽? 6 (idm 习语) a narrow `squeak situation in which one barely avoids failure or escapes danger 险遭失败或危险的情况. the straight and narrow => straight1. 派生： narrow v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become narrower （使某物）变窄: The road narrows here. 路到这里变窄了.* Her eyes narrowed (ie She partly closed them) menacingly.她威胁地 起眼睛. * The gap between the two parties has narrowed considerably. 双方的隔阂已明显缩小. * In order to widen the road they had to narrow the pavement. 为了拓宽道路只好将人行道弄窄. narrowly adv 1 only just; by only a small margin 仅仅; 勉强地: We won narrowly. 我们仅是险胜. * He narrowly escaped drowning. 他差点儿淹死. 2 closely; carefully 严密地; 仔细地; 小心地: observe someone narrowly 密切注意某人.

narrow1
narrowness n [U]. narrows n [pl] 1 narrow strait or channel connecting two larger bodies of water 海峡; 江峡. 2 narrow place in a river or pass 河流的狭窄处; 隘路. 复合： ,narrow-`minded[5maindid; 5maindid] adj not readyto listen to or tolerate the views of others 心胸狭窄的; 狭隘的; 度量小的: * a narrow-minded bigot 狭隘偏执的人. ,narrow-`mindedly adv. ,narrow-`mindedness n [U].

narwhal
[5na:wEl; 5narhwEl] n Arctic animal like a whale, the male of which has a long spiral tusk 独角鲸.

NASA
[5nAsE; 5nAsE] abbr 缩写 = (US) National Aeronautics and Space Administration 国家航空航天局; 美国航空及太空总署.

nasal
[5neizl; 5nezl] adj of, for or in the nose 鼻的; 为鼻的; 在鼻中的: * nasal sounds, eg / m, n, N/ 鼻音（如m、n、 /N/） * a nasal spray, ie one sprayed into the nose to make breathing easier 鼻喷雾剂 * a nasal voice, ie one which produces sounds through both the nose and the mouth 鼻音. 派生： nasal n nasal sound 鼻音. nasalize, -ise[5neizElaiz; 5nezl7aiz] v [Tn] make (a sound) with the air stream, or part of it, passing through the nose 使（声音）鼻音化; 将（声音）发成鼻音. nasally[5neizEli; 5nezEli] adv.

nascent
[5nAsnt; 5nAsnt] adj (fml 文) beginning to exist; not yet well developed 新生的; 初生的; 尚未成熟的; 尚不发达的: * a nascent industry, talent, suspicion 新兴的工业、 新人才、 新发现的疑点.

nasturtium
[nE'stE:FEm; - nA-; nA'stEFEm] n garden plant with red, orange or yellow flowers and round flat leaves 旱金莲.

nasty
[5na:sti; - 'nA-; 5nAsti] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 unpleasant; disgusting 令人不愉快的; 令人厌恶的: * a nasty smell, taste, sight 令人厌恶的气味、 味道、 情景 * I don't like the colour they've chosen for their new carpet it looks really nasty. 我不喜欢他们挑的那块新地毯的颜色--看着真让人恶心. Cf 参看 nice. 2 (a) unkind; spiteful 不善良的; 恶意的: * What a nasty man! 这个恶人! * Don't be nasty to your little brother. 别跟你小弟弟动坏心眼儿. * She has a nasty temper. 她脾气不好. (b) morally bad 道德败坏的: * a person with a nasty mind 思想肮脏的人 * nasty stories 下流故事. 3 (a) dangerous; threatening 危险的; 威胁的: * The weather is too nasty for sailing. 这种天气作帆船运动太危险. * He had a nasty look in his eye. 他眼露凶光. * This is a nasty corner, ie is dangerous for cars going fast. 这个街角对疾驰的汽车来说非常危险. (b) painful; severe 疼痛的; 严重的: * a nasty cut, wound, etc 严重的割伤、 伤口等 * She had a nasty skiing accident. 她滑雪时出了严重事故. * The news gave me a nasty shock. 我得知那一消息大为震惊. 4 (idm 习语) leave a bad/nasty taste in the mouth => leave1. a nasty piece of work (infml 口) unpleasant or untrustworthy person 讨厌的或不可靠的人. > nastily adv. nastiness n [U].

nation
[5neiFn; 5neFEn] n large community of people, usu sharing a common history, language, etc, and living in a particular territory under one government 国民; 民族; 国家: * the nations of Western Europe 西欧国家 * the United Nations Organization 联合国组织. =>Usage at country 用法见country. 复合： ,nation-`wide adj, adv over the whole of a nation 遍及全国（的）; 全国性（的）: a ,nation-wide `survey, cam`paign,etc 全国性的调查、 活动等 * Police are looking for him nation-wide. 警方正在全国各地寻找他.

national
[5nAFnEl; 5nAFEnl] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] 1 of a nation; common to or characteristic of a whole nation 国民的; 民族的; 国家的; 全国共有的或特有的: * a national treasure, institution, campaign, trait 国宝、 国家机构、 全民的活动、 民族特性 * national and local newspapers 全国和地方报纸 * the British national character 英国的国民特性 * national opposition (ie that expressed by all the citizens) to government policy 全国人民对政府政策的反对 * national and international issues, ie those that concern only one's own nation and those that concern many nations 国内和国际的问题. 2 owned, controlled or financially supported by the State 国有的; 国立的; 国营的: * a national theatre 国家剧院. 派生： national n citizen of a particular nation （某国的）公民: He's a French national working in Italy. 他是在意大利工作的法国人. nationally[5nAFnEli; 5nAFEnli] adv. 复合： ,national `anthem song or hymn adopted by a nation, used to express loyalty and patriotism, esp on ceremonial occasions 国歌. ,national as`sistance (Brit) (formerly) money given by the government to people in need through illness, old age, etc (now called supplementary benefit) （旧时）（政府给病人、 老年人等的）救济金, 补助金（现称为supplementary benefit）. the ,National `Debt the total amount of money owed by a country to those who have lent it money 国债; 公债. ,National `Guard (US) state militia that can be called into active service by the state or federal government 国民警卫队. ,National `Health Service (abbr 缩写 NHS) (in Britain) public service providing medical care, paid for by taxation （英国）国民保健署: I got my hearing aid on the National Health (Service). 我的助听器是国民保健署资助的. ,National In`surance (abbr 缩写 NI) (Brit) system of compulsory payments made by employees and employers to provide State assistance to people who are ill, unemployed, retired, etc 国民保险制度.

national1
,national `park area of countryside whose natural beauty is maintained by the State for the public to enjoy 国家公园. ,national `service period of compulsory service in the armed forces 义务兵役: do one's national service 服兵役. ,National `Trust (in Britain) society founded in 1895 to preserve places of natural beauty or historic interest （英国）全国名胜古迹托管协会（创立於1895年）.

nationalism
[5nAFnElizEm; 5nAFEnl7izEm] n [U] 1devotion to one's own nation; patriotic feelings, principles or efforts 爱国心; 国家主义; 民族主义. 2 movement favouring political independence in a country that is controlled by another or is part of another （受他国管辖的国家里的）政治独立运动. 派生： nationalist[5nAFnElist; 5nAFEnlist] n supporter of nationalism(2) 政治独立运动的拥护者: * Scottish nationalists, ie those who want Scotland to have more self-government 苏格兰自治论者 * [attrib 作定语] nationalist sympathies 对政治独立运动的同情. nationalistic[7nAFnE'listik; 7nAFEnl'istik] adj strongly favouring nationalism 国家主义的; 民族主义的: * nationalistic fervour during the World Cup 世界杯足球赛期间的国家主义狂热.

nationality
[7nAFE'nAlEti; 7nAFEn'AlEti] n 1 [U, C] membership of a particular nation 国籍: * What is your nationality? 你是哪国人? * He has French nationality. 他是法国籍. * There were diplomats of all nationalities in Geneva. 日内瓦有世界各国的外交官. 2 [C] ethnic group forming part of a political nation （构成国家一部分的）民族群体: * the two main nationalities of former Czechoslovakia 前捷克斯洛伐克的两大民族.

nationalize, nationalise
[5nAFnElaiz; 5nAFEnl7aiz] v [Tn] 1 transfer (sth) from private to public ownership 将（某物）归为公有; 公有化: * nationalize the railways, the coal-mines, the steel industry, etc 把铁路、 煤矿、 钢铁工业等归为公有 * a nationalized industry 公有化的工业. Cf 参看 denationalize, privatize. 2 make (sb) a national 使（某人）归化为一国的公民: * nationalized Poles and Greeks in the USA 已成为美国公民的波兰人和希腊人. 派生： nationalization, -isation[7nAFnElai'zeiFn; - -li'z-;7nAFEnli'zeFEn] n [U] nationalizing or being nationalized 国有化: * the nationalization of the railways 铁路的国有化.

native
[5neitiv; 5netiv] n 1 (a) person born in a place, country, etc, and associated with it by birth 当地人; 本国人: * a native of London, Wales, India, Kenya 伦敦、 威尔士、 印度、 肯尼亚的本地人. (b) local inhabitant 当地居民: * When we're on holiday in Greece, we live like the natives. 我们在希腊度假时, 就像当地人那样生活. 2 (esp offensive 尤作轻蔑语) local inhabitant as distinguished from immigrants, visitors, etc, when the race to which he belongs is regarded as less civilized 土着; 土人: * The white people here don't mix socially with the natives. 这里的白种人不与土人交往. * the first meeting between Captain Cook and the natives (ie the aboriginal inhabitants) of Australia 库克上校与澳洲土着的初次会面. 3 animal or plant that lives or grows naturally in a certain area 天然生长於某地的动物或植物: * The kangaroo is a native of Australia. 袋鼠是产於澳洲的动物. 派生： native adj 1 associated with the place and circumstances of one's birth 出生地的; 与出生地有关的: one's native land, city, etc 故土、 故里 * Her native language/tongue is German. 她的母语是德语. 2 of natives(1a) 当地人的: native customs, rituals, etc 当地人的风俗、 礼仪等. 3 (of qualities) belonging to a person's basic personality or character, not acquired by education, training, etc （指品质）与生俱来的, 天赋的, 天生的: He has a great deal of native intelligence, ability, charm, etc. 他天生聪明、 能力强、 有魅力等等. 4~ to... (of plants, animals, etc) originating in a place （指动植物等）原产於某地的: plants native to America, eg tobacco, potatoes 原产於美洲的植物（如烟草、 马铃薯） * The tiger is native to India. 这种虎原产於印度. 5 (idm 习语) go `native (esp joc 尤作戏谑语) (of an immigrant, a visitor, etc) adopt the customs of the local people and abandon those of one's own （指移民、 访客等）接受土着的（而放弃自己的）风俗习惯, 同化: He's emigrated to the USA and gone completely native. 他已移居美国, 完全成了美国人.

native1
复合： ,native `speaker person who has spoken (a particular language) since birth, rather than learning it later 生来就说某种语言的人: a native speaker of French, Italian, etc 生来就说法语、 意大利语等的人 * Her English accent is so good, you would think she was a native speaker. 她的英语口音很纯正, 谁都以为她生来就说英语.

nativity
[nE'tivEti; nE'tivEti] n 1 the Nativity [sing] the birth of Jesus Christ 耶稣基督的诞生. 2 Nativity [C] painting of the birth of Christ 基督诞生图. 复合： na`tivity play play about the birth of Christ 基督诞生剧.

NATO
(also Nato)[5neitEu; 5neto] abbr 缩写 = North Atlantic Treaty Organization (an alliance of several European countries, USA, Canada and Iceland agreeing to give each other military help if necessary) 北大西洋公约组织. Cf 参看 SEATO.

natter
[5nAtE(r); 5nAtl] v [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (on) (about sth) (Brit infml 口) talk informally and aimlessly; chatter 闲聊; 喋喋不休: He nattered (on) about his work. 他唠叨自己的工作. 派生： natter n [sing] (Brit infml 口) informal conversation 随便的交谈: have a quick natter 匆匆的交谈.

natty
[5nAti; 5nAti] adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) 1 (often derog 常作贬义) smart and tidy; neat 神气而整齐的; 齐整的: * natty new uniforms for policewomen 给女警察穿的神气笔挺的新制服. 2 well thought out; clever 考虑周到的; 聪明的; 机敏的: * a natty little machine 设计小巧的机器 * a natty solution to a problem 对一问题妥善的解决办法. > nattily adv (often derog 常作贬义): * nattily dressed 穿得神气而整齐.

natural
[5nAtFrEl; 5nAtFrEl] adj 1 [attrib 作定语] of, concerned with or produced by nature(1), not by human beings 自然的; 与自然有关的; 自然产生的; 天然的: * natural phenomena, forces, etc, eg thunderstorms, earthquakes, gravity 自然现象、 力量等 * the natural world, ie of trees, rivers, animals and birds 自然界 * animals living in their natural state, ie in the wild 生活於自然环境中的动物 * a country's natural resources, ie its coal, oil, forests, etc 国家的自然资源 * land in its natural state, ie not used for industry, farming, etc 天然状态的土地（未用於工业、 耕种等）. 2 of or in agreement with the character or personality of a living thing 与（生物的）特性或本性一致的; 本能的: * natural charm, ability, etc 天赋的魅力、 能力等 * She has the natural grace of a born dancer. 她生来具有舞蹈家的优雅风度. * It is natural for a bird to fly. 鸟天生就会飞. 3 [attrib 作定语] (of people) born with a certain skill, ability, etc （指人）（某种技能、 能力等）生来就有的: * He's a natural orator, ie is very good at making speeches. 他是天生的演说家（很善於演讲）. * She's a natural linguist, ie learns languages easily. 她有语言天赋（学习语言毫不费力）. 4 as (might be) expected; normal 意料之中的; 正常的: * die a natural death/of natural causes, ie not by violence, etc, but normally, of old age 自然死亡（非暴力等所致, 而是寿终） * It's only natural that she should be upset by the insult. 她因受侮辱而生气, 那是很自然的. 5 not exaggerated or self-conscious; straightforward不夸张的; 不做作的; 坦率的: * natural behaviour, manners,speech, etc 不做作的行为、 举止、 讲话等 * It is difficult to be natural when one is tense. 人在紧张的时候很难泰然自若. 6 (music 音) (used after the name of the note 用於音符名称之後) (of notes) neither sharp nor flat （指音符）本位音的:

natural1
* B natural B本位音. =>illus at music 见music插图, Cf 参看 atflat4 2, sharp n. 7 (a) (of a son or daughter) related by blood （指子女）有血统关系的, 亲生的: * He's not our natural son we adopted him when he was three. 他不是我们的亲儿子--他叁岁时我们领养的. (b) illegitimate 私生的: * her natural child 她的私生子. 8 based on human reason alone 仅基於人的理性的: * natural justice 天赋的正义感 * natural religion, ie not based on divine revelation 自然宗教（并非基於神的启示）. 派生： natural n 1 (music 音) (a) musical note that is neither sharp nor flat 本位音: There are two naturals in this chord. 这一和弦中有两个本位音. (b) the sign (#) placed before a note in printed music to show that it is neither sharp nor flat （乐谱上的）本位记号. 2 ~ (for sth) person considered ideally suited for a role, a job, an activity, etc （对某角色、 职业、 活动等）适合的人: He's a natural for the role of Lear. 他是李尔王这一角色的理想人选. * She didn't have to learn how to run: she's a natural. 她不用学跑步技巧, 她天生就擅跑. naturalness n [U] state or quality of being natural 自然状态; 自然性. 复合： ,natural `childbirth method of childbirth in which the mother is given no anaesthetic and does breathing and relaxation exercises 自然分娩法. ,natural `gas gas found in the earth's crust, not manufactured 天然气. ,natural `history study of plants and animals 动植物学; 博物学: the natural history of the Gobi desert 戈壁沙漠的动植物学 * [attrib 作定语] a natural history programme on TV 电视播放的博物学节目. ,natural `law rules for behaviour considered to be basic to human nature 自然法. ,natural phi`losophy (dated 旧) science of physics, or physics and dynamics 自然哲学; 物理学; 物理学和力学. ,natural se`lection evolutionary theory that animals survive or become extinct according to their ability to adapt themselves to their environment 自然选择; 天择.

naturalism
[5nAtFrElizEm; 5nAtFrEl7izEm] n [U] 1 style of art and literature in which there is faithful representation of real life （文艺的）自然主义. 2 (philosophy 哲) theory that rejects the supernatural and claims that natural causes and laws explain everything自然主义. > naturalistic[7ntFrE'listik; 7nAtFrEl'istik] adj: * a naturalistic style, writer, painter 自然主义的风格、 作家、 画家.

naturalist
[5nAtFrElist; 5nAtFrElist] n person who studies animals, plants, birds and other living things 博物学家.

naturalize, naturalise
[5nAtFrElaiz; 5nAtFrEl7aiz] v [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] ~ sb/sth (in...) 1 make (sb from another country) a citizen (of the specified country) 使（外国人）入籍, 归化: * a naturalized American who was born in Poland 出生於波兰而入美国籍的人 * She's a German who was naturalized in Canada. 她是入了加拿大籍的德国人. 2 adopt (a foreign word, expression, etc) into a language 引进（外国词语等）: * English sporting terms have been naturalized in many languages. 英语的运动术语已被多种语言采用. 3 introduce (a plant or an animal) into a country where it is not native 引进（动植物）. 派生： naturalization, -isation[7nAtFrElai'zeiFn; - -li'z-;7nAtFrEli'zeFEn] n [U] naturalizing or being naturalized 归化; 入籍; 引进: * [attrib 作定语] naturalization papers, ie documents that prove that a person has been made a citizen of a country 归化证书.

naturally
[5nAtFrEli; 5nAtFrEli] adv 1 by nature(4a) 天生地: * a naturally gifted actor 天才的演员 * She's naturally musical. 她天生喜爱音乐. 2 of course; as might be expected 当然; 必然: * `Did you answer her letter?’ `Naturally!’ ‘你给她回信了吗?’‘当然了!’ * Naturally, as a beginner I'm not a very good driver yet. 我初学开车, 当然开不好了. 3 without artificial help, special treatment, etc 天然; 非人为地: * Her hair curls naturally. 她天生鬈发. * Plants grow naturally in such a good climate. 在这麽好的气候条件下, 植物可以自然生长. 4 without exaggeration; unselfconsciously 不夸张地; 不做作地: * She speaks and behaves naturally. 她言谈举止很自然. * Try to act naturally, even if you're tense. 即使紧张也不要做作. 5 easily; instinctively 容易地; 本能地: * He's such a good athlete that most sports come naturally to him. 他擅长运动, 多数运动项目对他来说都轻而易举.

nature
[5neitFE(r); 5netFl] n 1 [U] the whole universe and every created, not man-made, thing 宇宙和（非人造的）万物; 自然界; 大自然: * the wonders of nature 大自然的奥妙 * This phenomenon is unique in (the whole of) nature. 这种现象在（整个）自然界是罕见的. * [attrib 作定语] nature worship 自然崇拜. 2 [U] simple life of man before he became civilized （文明前的）简 生活: * He wants to give away all his modern possessions and return to nature. 他要舍弃一切时髦的东西而归真返璞. 3 [U] (esp 尤作 Nature) force(s) controlling the events of the physical world 大自然的力量: * Man is engaged in a constant struggle with Nature. 人类与大自然进行不懈的斗争. * Miracles are contrary to nature. 奇迹是与大自然的力量相对的. 4 (a) [C, U] typical qualities and characteristics of a person or an animal （人或动物的）本性, 天性: * It's his nature (ie It's his natural reaction)to be kind to people. 他为人厚道. * There is no cruelty in her nature. 她心地善良. * Cats and dogs have quite different natures dogs like company, cats are independent.猫和狗的习性迥异--狗喜欢有伴, 猫爱独来独往. * She is proud by nature. 她生性傲慢. (b) [sing] qualities of a material or non-material thing 性质: * Chemists study the nature of gases. 有的化学家研究气体的性质. * He knows nothing of the nature of my work. 他一点也不了解我的工作性质. 5 [sing] sort; kind 种类; 类别: * Things of that nature do not interest me. 我对那种事物不感兴趣. 6 (idm 习语) against `nature unnatural; immoral 违反自然的; 不合情理的; 不道德的. one's better feelings/nature => better1. a call of nature => call1. in the nature of sth similar to/like sth; a type of sth 与某事物相似[类似]; 某事物之类: * His speech was in the nature of an apology. 他讲的话就算是道歉. in a state of nature => state1. second `nature (to sb) what seems natural or instinctive, but has been learned 第二种天性（学得的近於天生的或本能的事物）:

nature1
* After a while, driving becomes second nature to you. 过不多久, 开车的动作就像本能的反应一样了. 派生： -natured (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having qualities or characteristics of the specified kind 具有某种本性或性格的: ,good-`natured * pleasant-natured. 复合：`nature study (in school) study of plants, animals, insects, etc （学校的）自然课. `nature trail path through woods or countryside, along which interesting plants, animals, etc can be seen 穿过树林或郊野的小路（沿途可见有趣的动植物等）.

naturism
[5neitFErizEm; 5netFErizEm] n [U] = nudism (nude). > naturist[5neitFErist; 5netFErist] n = nudist (nude).

naturopath
[5neitFrEpAW; 5netFErE7pAW] n person who treats illness by suggesting changes of diet, exercise, etc and without using medicines 自然疗法家（通过改变饮食、 锻炼等而不用药物治病者）. > naturopathic/ 9neItFrE5pAWIk; 9netFErE`pAWIk/ adj. naturopathically[-klI; -kElI/ adv. naturopathy[7neitFE'rCpEWi; 7netFE'rapEWi] n [U].

naught
= nought 2.

naughty
[5nC:ti; 5nCti] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 (infml 口) (used by adults when talking to or about children 成年人与儿童说话或谈论儿童时用) disobedient; bad; causing trouble 不听话的; 坏的; 惹麻烦的: * He's a terribly naughty child. 他是个调皮捣蛋的孩子. * You were naughty to pull the cat's tail. 你揪猫尾巴, 太淘气了. 2 shocking or intended to shock people through mild indecency （用隐晦的低级言行）刺激人的: * a naughty joke, story, etc 低级的笑话、 故事等. > naughtily adv. naughtiness n [U].

nausea
[5nC:siE; - 'nC:VE; 5nCVE] n [U] feeling of sickness or disgust 作呕; 恶心: * overcome by nausea after eating raw meat 吃生肉以後恶心得难受 * filled with nausea at the sight of cruelty to animals 看到虐待动物而极为厌恶. 派生： nauseate[5nC:sieit; - 'nC:z-; 5nCzi7et] v [Tn] make (sb) feel nausea 使（某人）感到恶心: * The idea of eating raw shellfish nauseates me. 我一想到吃生贝就恶心. nauseating adj: * nauseating food 令人作呕的食物 * a nauseating person 令人厌恶的人 * The smell is quite nauseating. 这气味真叫人恶心. nauseatingly adv. nauseous[5nC:siEs; - 'nC:FEs; 5nCFEs] adj 1 causing nausea; disgusting 令人作呕的; 令人厌恶的. 2 (esp US) feeling nausea or disgust 感到恶心或厌恶的: * She felt/was nauseous during the sea crossing. 她渡海时觉得恶心.

nautical
[5nC:tikl; 5nCtikl] adj of ships, sailors or navigation 船舶的; 海员的; 航海的: * nautical terms, ie used by sailors 航海术语 * A nautical almanac gives information about the sun, moon, tides, etc. 航海年历中有日、 月、 潮汐等的资料. 复合： ,nautical `mile (also sea mile) measure of distance at sea, about 6080 ft (1852 metres) 海里（约6080英尺或1852米）. =>App 5 见附录5.

nautilus
[5nC:tilEs; - 'nC:tElEs; 5nCtlEs] n (pl ~es) small sea animal that has a spiral-shaped shell, the female's being very thin 鹦鹉螺.

naval
[5neivl; 5nevl] adj of a navy; of warships 海军的; 军舰的: * a naval officer, uniform, battle 海军军官、 海军制服、 海战 * a naval power, ie a country with a strong navy 海军强国.

nave
[neiv; nev] n long central part of a church, where the congregation(1) sits 中堂（教堂的正厅）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page viii.

navel
[5neivl; 5nevl] n (in humans) small hollow in themiddle of the belly where the umbilical cord was attachedat birth 肚脐. =>illus at human 见human插图. 复合： ,navel `orange large orange with a navel-like formation at the top 脐橙.

navigable
[5nAvigEbl; 5nAvEgEbl] adj 1 (of seas, rivers, etc) suitable for ships, boats, etc to sail on （指海洋、 江河等）适於行船的, 可通航的: * The Rhine is navigable from Strasbourg to the sea. 莱茵河从斯特拉斯堡入海这一段可以通航. 2 (of ships, etc) that can be steered and sailed （指船等）可驾驶的, 可航行的: * not in a navigable condition 不能航行. > navigability/ 9nAvIgE5bIlEtI; 9nAvE^E`bIlEtI/ n [U].

navigate
[5nAvigeit; 5nAvE7get] v 1 [I] find the position and plot the course of a ship, an aircraft, a car, etc, using maps and instruments （利用地图和仪器）测定（船、 飞行器、 汽车等的）位置和路线; 导航; 领航: * Which officer in the ship navigates? 舰上哪个军官引航? * I'll drive the car: * you navigate, ie tell me which way to go. 我来开车, 你指路. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] steer (a ship); pilot (an aircraft) 驾驶（船舶、 飞行器等）: * navigate the tanker round the Cape 驾驶油轮绕过好望角 * (fig 比喻) navigate a Bill through Parliament 使一法案在国会通过. 3 [Tn] (a) sail along, over or through (a sea, river, etc) 在（海、 河等）上航行; 横渡（海、 河等）: * Who first navigated the Atlantic? 是谁首先横渡大西洋的? * the first woman to navigate the Amazon alone 第一个独自在亚马孙河上航行的女子. (b) (fig 比喻) find one's way through, over, etc (sth) 设法穿越: * I don't like having to navigate London's crowded streets. 我不愿意在伦敦拥挤的街道上穿行. 派生： navigation[7nAvi'geiFn; 7nAvE'geFEn] n [U] 1 action of navigating 航海; 航空; 驾驶. 2 art or science of navigating 航行学; 航海术; 航空术: * an expert in navigation 航行学专家. 3 movement of ships over water or aircraft through the air 航行: * There has been an increase in navigation through the canal, ie More ships use it. 通过该运河的船只已经增加了. navigator n 1 person who navigates 导航者; 领航员; 驾驶员; 司机的引路人. 2 early explorer travelling by ship 早期的航海探险者: the 16th-century Spanish and Portuguese navigators 16世纪西班牙和葡萄牙的航海家.

navvy
[5nAvi; 5nAvi] n (Brit) unskilled manual labourer who works on a building site, etc （工地等的）无技术的工人.

navy
[5neivi; 5nevi] 1 n (a) [C] country's force of ships and their crews 海军: * naval exercises involving six navies 有六国海军参加的海军演习. (b) the navy, the Navy [Gp] warships of a specific country with their crews and the organization that administers them 海军部队: * join the navy, ie of one's own country 参加海军 * an officer/sailor in the Royal Navy 皇家海军军官[水兵] * The navy is/are introducing a new class of warship this year. 海军今年要装备新一级的军舰. =>App 9 见附录9. 2 [U] = navy blue. 复合： ,navy `blue (also navy) dark blue as used for naval uniforms 海军蓝; 深蓝色: Where's my navy (blue) suit? 我那套海军蓝的西装在哪儿?

nay
[nei; ne] adv (dated or rhet 旧或修辞) 1 and more than that; and indeed 不止於此; 而且的确: * I suspect, nay, I am certain, that he is wrong. 我怀疑, 何止怀疑, 我肯定他错了. 2 (arch 古) no 无; 否. Cf 参看 yea.

Nazi
[5na:tsi; 5natsi] n, adj (member) of the German National Socialist Party founded by Hitler （希特勒创建的）德国国家社会党的（党员）; 纳粹党的（党员）: * the rise of the Nazis 纳粹党的崛起 * a Nazi meeting, newspaper 纳粹的集会、 报纸. 派生： Nazism[5na:tsizEm; 5nats7izEm] n ideology of the Nazis, including belief in German racial superiority 纳粹主义.

NB
(also nb)[7en 'bi:; 7en 'bi] abbr 缩写 = (used before a written note 用於书面注意事项前) take special notice of; note well (Latin nota bene) 注意, 留心（源自拉丁文nota bene）.

NBC
[7en bi: 'si:; 7en bi 'si] abbr 缩写 = (US) National Broadcasting Company 全国广播公司: * heard it on NBC 从美国全国广播公司电台听到的.

NCO
[7en si: 'Eu; 7en si 'o] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) non-commissioned officer 军士.

ne'er
[neE(r); ner] adv (arch 古) never 永不; 决不; 从未. ne'er-do-well

Neanderthal
[ni:'AndEta:l; ni'Andl7tal] adj of an extinct type of man living in Europe in the Stone Age （石器时代生活於欧洲, 现已绝种的）尼安德特人的: * Neanderthal man 尼安德特人 * Neanderthal culture, artefacts, etc 尼安德特文化、 手工制品等.

neap
[ni:p; nip] (also `neap-tide) n tide when there is least difference between high and low water 小潮. Cf 参看 spring-tide (spring1).

Neapolitan
[niE'pClitEn; 7niE'palEtn] 1 n, adj (inhabitant) of Naples 那不勒斯的; 那不勒斯人. 2 neapolitan adj (of ice cream) in layers of different colours and flavours （指冰激凌）多味的（各层颜色、 味道不同的）.

near
1[niE(r); nir] adj (-er[5niErE(r); 5nirl] -est[5niErist;'nirist] ) ~ (to sb/sth) 1 [usu pred except nearest 通常作表语, 仅nearest例外] within a short distance or time from sb/sth; not far (from sb/sth) 与某人[某事物]距离或时间近; （距某人[某事物]）不远: * His flat's very near. 他的公寓就在附近. * Where's the nearest bus-stop? 最近的公共汽车站在哪儿? * The supermarket is very near (to) the station. 超级市场离车站很近. * We hope to move to the country in the near future, ie very soon. 我们希望最近搬到乡村去住. * 4.15 is too near to the time of departure. 4点15分离分别的时间太近了. 2 closely related 关系近的; 关系密切的: * a near relation/relative 血统关系近的人 * The nearest member of my family still alive is a rather distant cousin. 我家在世的近亲是我的远房堂兄. 3 [pred except nearest 作表语, 仅nearest例外] similar 近似; 相似: * We don't have that colour in stock this is the nearest. 我们的现货中没有那种颜色--这是最近似的. * This copy is nearer the original than the others I've seen. 这个副本比我见到的其他副本更接近原版. =>Usage at next1 用法见next1. 4 = nearside (near). 5 (idm 习语) close/dear/near to sb's heart => heart. a close/near thing => thing. close/near to home => home1. one's ,nearest and `dearest (joc 谑) one's close family 亲人: * I always spend Christmas with my nearest and dearest. 我总是和亲人一起过圣诞节. or ,near (est) `offer (abbr 缩写 ono) or an amount that is less than the specified price but more than other offers 或略低於此价; 可还价: * I'll accept 350 for the car, or nearest offer. 我的汽车卖350英镑, 可还价. a ,near `miss (a) bomb, shot, etc that lands near the target but not quite on it 炸弹、 炮弹等接近目标, 但未命中. (b) situation where one just avoids, or escapes from, some mishap 幸免:

near1
* Luckily the van ahead of us skidded off the road on our left, but it was a very near miss. 我们前面的客货车滑出我们左边的路, 侥幸没撞上. 派生： near v [I, Tn] come closer to (sth) in space or time; approach （在空间或时间上）更接近（某事物）; 接近; 靠近: The day is nearing when we'll have to decide. 我们必须做出决定的日子即将来临. * The job is at last nearing completion. 这项工作终於快要完成了. * The ship was nearing land. 船已接近陆地. * The old man was nearing his end. 那老人大限已到. nearness n [U]. 复合： the ,near `distance part of a scene between the foreground and the background 近景: You can see the river in the near distance and the mountains beyond. 从这里可以看到近处的河及远处的山. the ,Near `East = the Middle East (middle). `nearside (also near) adj [attrib 作定语] (Brit) (of a part of a vehicle, a road or an animal) on the left-hand side （指车辆、 道路或动物的部分）左边的: the nearside front wheel, door, lane of traffic, etc 左前轮、 左边的门、 左边的车道 * the near foreleg of a horse 马的左前腿 * He didn't see the car approaching on his nearside. 他没有看见左边来的汽车. Cf 参看 offside2. ,near-`sighted adj only able to see clearly things that are close to one's eyes; short-sighted 近视的: I'm very near-sighted without my glasses on. 我要是不戴眼镜十分近视. ,near-`sightedness n [U] NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Compare near, nearby and near by. 试比较near、 nearby、 near by. *Only nearhas a comparative and superlative form and can relate to time as well as space. 只有near有比较级和最高级形式, 且可指时间和空间. 1 Both near and nearby are adjectives. *near和nearby都是形容词. Nearby, not near, is used attributively when space, not time, is referred to 若指空间, 非时间, 要用nearby修饰, 不可用near: the near future 不久的将来

near2
* Those shops are nearer/the nearest. 那些商店离得更近[最近]. * a nearby village 附近的村子. 2 Both near and near by can be used adverbially. *near和near by都可用作状语. Near by sometimes modifies the whole sentence *near by有时可修饰整个句子: Do you live near/near by? 你住在附近吗? * My exams are getting nearer. 我不久就要考试了. * Near by, the cars could be heard speeding past on the motorway. 在附近可以听到汽车从高速公路上疾驶而过的声音. 3 Near (to) is a preposition *near (to)是介词: Is there a cinema near here? 附近有电影院吗?

nearly
[5niEli; 5nirli] adv 1 not completely; almost; very close to 不完全地; 几乎; 很接近地: * nearly empty, full, finished, etc 近於空的、 满的、 结束等 * It's nearly one o'clock. 将近一点钟了. * It's nearly time to leave. 差不多是该走的时候了. * We're nearly there. 我们离那儿很近了. * There's nearly 1000 here. 这儿差不多有1000英镑. * She nearly won first prize. 她几乎得到头奖. 2 (idm 习语) not nearly far from; much less than 相差很远; 远远少於: * There isn't nearly enough time to learn all these words. 要把这些新词都学会了, 时间远远不够. * We aren't nearly ready for the inspection. 对检查一事, 我们还远未准备好. pretty much/nearly/well => pretty.=>Usage at almost 用法见almost.

neat
[ni:t; nit] adj 1 (a) (of things) arranged in an orderly way; done carefully; tidy （指事物）安排有序的, 细心完成的, 整齐的: * a neat cupboard, room, row of books, garden 整齐的柜橱、 房间、 一排书、 花园 * neat work, writing, etc 精心的作品、 写得匀整的字. (b) (of people) liking to keep order and do things carefully; tidy （指人）喜欢整齐的, 细心的, 齐整的: * a neat worker, dresser, etc 利落的工人、 衣着整齐的人. 2 (a) (of clothes) simple and elegant （指衣服） 素而雅致的: * a neat uniform, dress, etc 素的制服、 雅致的连衣裙. (b) having a pleasing shape or appearance 形状或外貌悦目的: * She has a neat figure. 她身材匀称. 3 economical with time and effort; skilful; efficient 省时省力的; 熟练的; 效率高的: * a neat way of doing the job 做事的简捷方法 * a neat solution to the problem 对该问题妥善的解决 * He gave a neat summary of the financial situation. 他对财务状况做了简要的概括. 4 (infml 口 esp US) fine; splendid 好的; 绝妙的: * a neat movie, idea, car 好的电影、 主意、 汽车. 5 (US usu 美式英语通常作 straight) (of spirits or wines) unmixed with water; undiluted （指酒类）不搀水的, 不稀释的, 纯的: * a neat whisky, vodka, etc 纯威士忌、 伏特加等 * drink one's whisky neat 喝纯威士忌. > neatly adv. neatness n [U].

nebula
[5nebjulE; 5nebjElE] n (pl ~e[-li:; -7li] or ~s) light or dark patch in the night sky caused by a cluster of very distant stars or a cloud of dust or gas 星云: * the Crab nebula 巨蟹座星云. 派生： nebular[-lE(r); -ll] adj of nebulas 星云的.

nebulous
[5nebjulEs; 5nebjElEs] adj 1 cloudlike; hazy 似云的; 云状的; 模糊的. 2 (fig 比喻) vague; unclear 含糊的; 模糊的; 不清晰的; 不明白的: * nebulous ideas, plans, concepts, etc 模糊的思想、 计画、 概念等.

necessarily
[ 9nesE5serElI or, in British use, 英式英语读作 5nesEsErElI; `nZsE9sZrElI] adv as an inevitable result 必然; 必定: * Big men aren't necessarily strong men. 高大的人不一定强壮.

necessary
[5nesEsEri; - -seri; 5nesE7seri] adj 1 essential for a purpose; that cannot be done without or avoided 必须的; 必需的; 必不可少的; 不可避免的: * I haven't got the necessary tools. 我没有必需的工具. * Is it necessary for us to meet/necessary that we meet? 我们非见面不可吗? * She hasn't the experience necessary for the job. 她没有做那事所需要的经验. * Sleep is necessary to/for one's health. 睡眠对健康是必不可少的. 2 that must be; inevitable 必然的; 必定的; 无可避免的: * If a = b, and b = c, then the necessary conclusion is that a = c. 设a = b, b = c, 则结论必定是a = c. * the necessary consequences 必然的结果. 3 (idm 习语) a ,necessary `evil thing that is undesirable and possibly harmful but must be accepted for practical reasons （按照实际情况）不得不认可的不合意甚至有害的事物: * The loss of jobs is regarded by some as a necessary evil in the fight against inflation. 有些人认为要遏止通货膨胀就难免有人得失业. 派生： necessaries n [pl] things needed for living 生活必需品: the little necessaries of life 一点儿生活必需品.

necessitate
[ni'sesiteit; nE'sesE7tet] v [Tn, Tg, Tsg] (fml 文) make (sth) necessary 使（某事物）成为必要: * It's an unpopular measure, but the situation necessitates it. 这是不得人心的办法, 但形势需要这样做. * Your proposal will necessitate borrowing more money. 依你的建议, 就必须增加借款.

necessitous
[ni'sesitEs; nE'sesEtEs] adj (fml 文) poor; needy 贫穷的; 贫困的: * in necessitous circumstances, ie in poverty 处於贫困的境地.

necessity
[ni'sesEti; nE'sesEti] n 1 [U] ~ (for sth/to do sth) circumstances that force one to do sth; state of being necessary; need 迫使人做某事的情况; 必要性; 需要: * He felt a great necessity to talk about his problems. 他觉得很有必要谈谈自己的问题. * She was driven by necessity to steal food for her starving children. 环境逼得她为挨饿的儿女偷窃食物. * We will always come in cases of extreme necessity, ie if we are very much needed. 遇到紧急关头我们一定来. * There's no necessity (for you) to write to your mother every single day. （你）不必每天都给你母亲写信. * We must all bow to necessity, ie accept what is inevitable. 对无可奈何的事, 我们都得听之任之. 2 [C] necessary thing 必需品: * Food, clothing and shelter are all basic necessities of life. 衣、 食、 住所是生活的基本必需品. 3 [sing] natural law that is seen as governing human action （控制人类活动的）自然规律: * Is it a logical necessity that higher wages will lead to higher prices? 工资一高物价就高, 这是不是合乎逻辑的必然规律? 4 (idm 习语) make a virtue of necessity => virtue. ne,cessity is the ,mother of in`vention (saying 谚) the need for sth forces people to find a wayof getting it 需要是发明之母. of ne`cessity necessarily; unavoidably; inevitably 必要地; 不可避免地.

neck
[nek; nek] n 1 [C] (a) part of the body that connects the head to the shoulders 颈; 脖子: * wrap a scarf round one's neck 在脖子上围条围巾 * She fell and broke her neck. 她摔断了脖子. * Giraffes have very long necks. 长颈鹿的脖子很长. =>illus at head 见head插图. (b) part of a garment round this 领口: * a V-neck sweater V字领套头毛衣 * My shirt is rather tight in the neck. 我的衬衫领子太紧. =>illus 见插图. 2 [U, C] flesh of an animal's neck as food （作食物的）动物的颈肉: * buy some neck of lamb 买点儿羊颈肉. 3 [C] narrow part of sth, like a neck in shape or position 物体的狭窄部分（形状或部位像颈的）: * the neck of a bottle/violin 瓶子[小提琴]的颈部 * a neck of land, eg an isthmus 陆地的狭窄地带（如地峡）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xi. 4 (idm 习语) break one's `neck (doing sth/to do sth) (infml 口) work especially hard at sth 拚命做某事: * I'm not going to break my neck to finish my essay today my teacher doesn't want it until next week. 我今天不想玩儿命写完那篇文章--老师下星期才要呢. breathe down sb's neck => breathe. ,get it in the `neck (infml 口) be severely scolded or punished for sth 因某事而受到严厉叱责或处罚: * You'll get it in the neck if you're caught stealing. 要是发现你偷东西, 就要严厉处罚你. a millstone round one's neck => millstone (mill1). ,neck and `crop completely 完全地; 全部地: * His shot beat the goalkeeper neck and crop. 守门员根本挡不住他射门. ,neck and `neck (with sb/sth) (in horse-racing or in a contest, struggle, etc) with neither one nor the other having an advantage or lead; level （在赛马或竞赛、 斗争等中）双方势均力敌或无一领先, 平局, 平手: * The two contestants are neck and neck with 20 points each. 比赛双方各得20分, 打成平局. ,neck of the `woods (infml 口) area; neighbourhood 地区; 附近:

neck1
* What are you doing in this neck of the woods? 你在这块儿干什麽呢? ,neck or `nothing taking great risks 冒很大危险; 拚命: * She drove neck or nothing to get there on time. 她拚命开车以准时赶到那里. a pain in the neck => pain. risk/save one's `neck risk/save one's life; risk/avoid great misfortune 拚着[保住]性命; 可能遭遇[避免]不幸: * He saved his own neck by fleeing the country. 他逃出国才得以活命. stick one's neck out => stick2. (be) up to one's neck in sth very deeply involved in sth 深深陷入某事物中: * Even as a young man he was up to his neck in crime. 他年轻时即已恶贯满盈. win/lose by a `neck (in horse-racing, etc) win/lose by a small margin （赛马等中的）稍胜[负], 小赢[输]. wring sb's neck => wring. 派生： neck v [I] (infml 口) (of couples) hug and kiss each other intimately （指恋人）拥抱互吻: The two of them were necking on a park bench. 他们俩在公园的长凳上拥抱亲吻. 复合： `neckband n narrow strip of material round the neck of a garment （衣服的）领圈. neckerchief[5nekEtFif; 5nekltFif] n scarf or piece of cloth worn round the neck 围巾; 披肩; 领巾. necklace[5neklis; 5neklis] n ornament of pearls, beads, etc worn round the neck 项 . necklet[5neklit; 5neklit] n ornament or fur worn round the neck 颈饰; 毛皮围巾. `neckline n outline of the edge of (esp) a woman's garment at or below the neck （尤指女装的）领口, 开领: a dress with a high/low/plunging neckline 高领[低领/深V字领]的连衣裙. `necktie n (dated 旧 or US) = tie1 1. `neckwear n [U] (in shops 商店用语) ties, scarves, etc 颈部服饰（领带、 围巾、 头巾、 披肩等）.

necr(o)-
comb form 构词成分 of death or the dead 死 亡的; 亡者的: necromancer * necropolis.

necromancy
[5nekrEumAnsi; 5nekrE7mAnsi] n [U] art or practice of communicating by magic with the dead in order to learn about the future 通灵（术）（与亡魂相通以占卜未来的巫术）. 派生： necromancer[-sE(r); -sl] n person who practises necromancy 通灵巫师.

necropolis
[ni'krCpElis; nE'krapElis] n (pl ~es[-lisiz;-lisiz] ) cemetery, esp a large ancient one 墓地; 公墓; （尤指）大片古冢.

nectar
[5nektE(r); 5nektl] n [U] 1 sweet liquid produced by flowers and collected by bees for making honey 花蜜. 2 (in Greek and Roman mythology) the drink of the gods （希腊和罗马神话中的）神的饮品: * (fig 比喻) On a hot summer day a long cool drink is like nectar. 在炎热的夏天喝一通冷饮如获琼浆玉液. Cf 参看 ambrosia.

nectarine
[5nektErin; 5nektE7rin] n type of peach with a thin smooth skin and firm flesh 油桃.

NEDC
[7en i: di: 'si:; 7en i di 'si] (also infml 口语作 Neddy/ 5nedI; `nZdI/) abbr 缩写 = (Brit) National Economic Development Council 国家经济发展委员会.

nee
[nei; ne] adj (used after the name of a married woman and before her father's family name 用於已婚妇女姓名之後, 娘家姓氏之前) having had the maiden name; born with the name 娘家姓...的; 本姓...的: * (Mrs) Jane Smith, nee Brown 娘家姓布朗的简．史密斯（夫人）.

need
1[ni:d; nid] modal v (neg 否定式 need not, contracted form 缩约式 needn't[5ni:dnt; 5nidnt] ) (used only in negative sentences and questions, after if and whether or with hardly, scarcely, no one, etc 仅用於否定句及疑问句, 或用於if及whether之後或与hardly、 scarcely、 no one等连用) 1 (indicating obligation 表示必要): * You needn't finish that work today. 你今天不必把那项工作做完. * `Need you go yet?’ `No, I needn't.’ ‘你一定得去吗?’‘我不必去.’ * He wondered whether they need send a deposit. 他不知道他们是否得交定金. * If she wants anything, she need only ask. 她想要什麽, 只需说一声就行. * I need hardly tell you (ie You must already know) that the work is dangerous. 无须我说你也知道那工作有危险. * Nobody need be afraid of catching the disease. 谁都不用害怕能得这种病. =>Usage 1 at must 见must所附用法第1项. 2 (used with have + a past participle to indicate that actions in the past were or may have been unnecessary 与have +过去分词连用, 表示曾做的事无必要): * You needn't have hurried. 你当时实在不必那麽匆忙. * She needn't have come in person a letter would have been enough. 她本不必亲自来--写封信来就足可以了. * Need you have paid so much? 你当时真须要付那麽多钱吗? * Need they have sold the farm? 他们那时非得把农场卖掉吗?

needle
[5ni:dl; 5nidl] n 1 [C] small thin piece of polished steel with a point at one end and a hole for thread at the other, used in sewing 针; 缝衣针. 2 [C] long thin piece of plastic, metal, polished wood, etc without a hole but with a pointed end (for knitting) or a hook (for crocheting) 编织针; 钩针: * `knitting needles 织针 * a `crochet needle 钩针. 3 [C] thin (usu metal) pointer on a dial, eg of a compass, meter, etc 指针（如指南针、 仪表等的针）. 4 [C] (a) pointed hollow end of a syringe used for giving injections （注射器的）针头. =>illus at injection 见injection插图. (b) (US infml 口) injection 注射; 打针: * She was given a needle for whooping cough. 她因患百日咳打了一针. 5 [C] thing like a needle(1) in shape, appearance or use, eg the thin pointed leaf of a pine tree, a pointed rock or peak, an obelisk, etc 针状物（如松树的针叶、 尖的岩石或山峰、 方尖石碑等）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page i. 6 [C] stylus used in playing gramophone records （唱机的）唱针. 7 [U] (infml 口) anger or hostility, esp in situations of rivalry 愤怒, 敌意（尤指在竞争中）: * A certain amount of needle has crept into (ie gradually appeared in) this game. 比赛中逐渐出现了一些敌对情绪. * [attrib 作定语] a needle match/game, ie one in which there is particularly fierce rivalry between the two sides 双方都怀有强烈敌意的比赛. 8 (idm 习语) give sb/get the `needle (sl 俚) (cause sb to) become annoyed （使某人）恼怒; 刺激（某人）. look for a needle in a `haystack (saying 谚) look for one thing among many others, without hope of finding it 草堆里寻针; 海底捞针: * Searching for one man in this big city is like looking for a needle in a haystack. 在这座大城市里寻找一个人犹如大海捞针. sharp as a needle => sharp. Cf 参看 pins and needles (pin1). 派生： needle v [Tn] (infml 口) provoke or annoy (sb), esp with words 激怒或烦扰（某人）（尤指用言语）: Stop needling him or he might hit you. 别再拿话激他了, 不然他会揍你.

needle1
复合： `needlecraft n [U] skill in sewing or embroidery 缝纫或刺绣的技巧. `needlewoman n (pl -women) woman who sews (usu skilfully); seamstress 善缝纫的女子; 擅长女红的女子; 女裁缝: a good, poor, etc needlewoman 针线活儿好、 不好...的女子. `needlework n [U] sewing or embroidery 缝纫; 刺绣.

needy
[5ni:di; 5nidi] adj (-ier, -iest) lacking the necessities of life; very poor 缺乏生活必需品的; 贫穷的: * a needy family 贫穷的家庭 * food for the poor and needy 穷人的食物.

nefarious
[ni'feEriEs; ni'feriEs] adj (fml 文) wicked; unlawful 邪恶的; 不法的: * nefarious deeds, activities, etc 不法的行为、 活动等. > nefariously adv. nefariousnessn [U].

neg
abbr 缩写 = negative.

negate
[ni'geit; ni'get] v [Tn] (fml 文) 1 deny or disprove the existence of (sb/sth) 否定或否认（某人[某事物]）的存在: * How can you negate God? 你怎麽能否定上帝的存在? 2 cancel the effect of (sth); nullify 消除（某事物）的作用; 使无效: * These facts negate your theory. 这些事实否定了你的理论. 派生： negation/ni'geiFn; ni'geFEn] n (fml 文) 1 [U] action of denying 否定; 否认; 无效: * Shaking the head is a sign of negation. 摇头表示否认. 2 [C] denial 否定; 否认: * This theory is a negation of all traditional beliefs. 这理论否定了一切传统信念.

negative
[5negEtiv; 5negEtiv] adj 1 (of words, sentences,etc) expressing denial or refusal; indicating `no' or `not' （指词、 句等）表示否定或拒绝的: * a negative sentence, question, adverb 否定句、 否定疑问句、 有否定含义的副词 * give sb a negative answer 给某人以否定的答覆 * a negative decision on an application 对申请的否决. Cf 参看 affirmative. 2 lacking in definite, constructive or helpful qualities or characteristics 消极的; 败事的; 无助益的: * He has a very negative attitude to his work, ie is not interested in trying to do it well or properly. 他的工作态度很消极. * negative criticism, ie that does not suggest how the thing criticized could be improved 消极的批评（未对所批评的事物提出改进意见的） * a negative definition, ie one that defines a word, etc by saying what it does not mean 反面定义（通过说明一词不是某意思来给该词下定义者） * The results of her pregnancy test were negative, ie showed that she was not pregnant. 她的妊娠试验结果呈阴性. 3 (mathematics 数) (of a quantity) less than zero; (of a number) that has to be subtracted from other numbers or from zero （指值或数）负的. 4 containing or producing the type of electric charge carried by electrons （电）阴极的, 负极的: * the negative terminal of a battery, ie the one through which current enters from an external circuit 电池的负极. 5 (of a photograph) with the light areas of the actual object(s) or scene appearing as dark, and the dark areas as light （指摄影）底片的. Cf 参看 positive. 派生： negative n 1 word or statement that expresses or means denial or refusal 否定词; 否定语: `No', `not' and `neither' are negatives. no、 not、 neither都是否定词. 2 developed photographic film, etc on which the light and dark areas of the actual object(s) or scene are reversed and from which positive pictures can be made （摄影等的）底片, 负片.

negative1
3 (idm 习语) in the `negative (fml 文) (of a sentence, etc) containing a negative word; expressing denial, refusal, etc （指句子等）含有否定词的, 表示否定或拒绝等的, 否定的: She answered in the negative, ie said `no'. 她做出否定的回答. negative v [Tn] (fml 文) 1 refuse to approve or grant (sth); veto 否定, 否认（某事）; 否决: negative a request, an application, etc 否决一要求、 申请等. 2 prove (sth) to be untrue; disprove 证明（某事物）不实; 驳斥; 反驳. 3 neutralize (an effect) 销（一作用）. negatively adv.

neglect
[ni'glekt; ni'glekt] v 1 [Tn] give no or not enough care or attention to (sb/sth) 疏忽, 忽略（某人[某事物]）: * neglect one's studies, children, health 忽视自己的学习、 孩子、 健康. 2 [no passive 不用於被动语态: * Tt, Tg] fail or forget to do sth, esp carelessly; leave undone (what one ought to do) 未做或忘记做某事（尤指因粗心）; 疏漏, 未做完（该做的事）: * He neglected to write and say `Thank you'. 他因疏忽而未写信道谢. * Don't neglect writing to your mother. 别忘了给你母亲写信. 派生： neglect n [U] neglecting or being neglected 疏忽; 忽略; 疏漏: She was severely criticized for neglect of duty. 她因玩忽职守而受到严厉批评. * The car shows signs of neglect. 这汽车看样子疏於保养. * The garden was in a state of total neglect. 那花园完全无人整理. neglected adj showing a lack of care or attention 不经心的; 不注意的: a neglected appearance 未加修饰的外貌 * The house looks very neglected. 那房子看来严重失修. neglectful[-fl; -fEl] adj ~ (of sth/sb) in the habit of neglecting things or people 疏忽的; 忽视的; 不留心的: * neglectful of one's appearance, responsibilities, family 不关注自己的外表、 责任、 家庭. neglect-fully[-fEli;-fEli] adv. neglectfulness n [U].

neglige
(also negligee)[5negliVei; - 7negli'Vei; 7negli'Ve] n woman's light flimsy dressing-gown 轻而薄的女晨衣.

negligence
[5neglidVEns; 5neglEdVEns] n [U] lack of proper care or attention; carelessness 疏忽; 忽视; 不留心; 粗心大意: * The accident was due to her negligence. 这次事故是因她疏忽所致. * (law 律) accused of criminal negligence, ie that can be punished by law 被控犯疏忽罪.

negligent
[5neglidVEnt; 5neglEdVEnt] adj not giving proper attention or care to sth; careless 忽视的; 疏忽的; 粗心大意的: * She was negligent in her work. 她对工作粗心大意. * He was negligent of his duties. 他玩忽职守. > negligently adv.

negligible
[5neglidVEbl; 5neglEdVEbl] adj of little importance or size; not worth considering 不重要的; 很小的; 不值得考虑的: * a negligible amount, error, effect 微不足道的数量、 错误、 作用 * Losses in trade this year were negligible. 今年的交易损失无足轻重.

negotiable
[ni'gEuFiEbl; ni'goFiEbl] adj 1 that can be settled by discussion 可经商讨解决的; 可经谈判处理的: * The salary is negotiable. 工资问题可商议解决. 2 (of a cheque, bond, etc) that can be exchanged for cash or passed to another person instead of cash （指支票、 债券等）可兑换现金的, 可转让的: * negotiable securities 可转让的证券. 3 (of rivers, roads, etc) that can be crossed, passed along or over, etc （指河流、 道路等）可穿越的, 可通行的: * The mountain track is negotiable, but only with difficulty. 山上的小路可以通行, 只是难走.

negotiate
[ni'gEuFieit; ni'goFi7et] v 1 (a) [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb) try to reach agreement by discussion 商议; 谈判; 协商: * We've decided to negotiate with the employers about our wage claim. 我们决定就工资问题与雇主谈判. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sb) arrange or settle sth in this way 通过商议、 谈判等处理或解决某事; 商订; 洽谈: * negotiate a sale, loan, treaty 商订销售事宜、 贷款、 条约 * a negotiated settlement 经谈判的解决方法. 2 [Tn] get or give money for (cheques, bonds, etc) 兑现, 转让（支票、 债券等）. 3 [Tn] get over or past (an obstacle, etc) successfully 超越, 越过（障碍等）: * The climber had to negotiate a steep rock face. 那攀登者得攀越一陡峭岩石. * The horse negotiated (ie jumped over) the fence with ease. 那马轻易跳过了栅栏. 4 (idm 习语) the ne`gotiating table formal meeting to discuss wages, conditions, etc 谈判桌（商讨工资、 条件等的会议）: * Both sides still refuse to come to the negotiating table. 双方仍拒绝谈判. 派生： negotiator n person who negotiates 商议者; 谈判者.

negotiation
[ni7gEuFi'eiFn; ni7goFi'eFEn] n [U, C often pl 作不可数名词或可数名词, 後者常作复数] discussion aimed at reaching an agreement; negotiating 商议; 谈判; 让与; 流通: * be in negotiation with sb 与某人商议 * The price is a matter of/for negotiation. 价格是可以商议的. * Negotiation of the sale took a long time. 有关销售的谈判用了很长时间. * enter into/open/carry on/resume negotiations with sb 与某人着手[展开/进行/恢复]谈判 * A settlement was reached after lengthy negotiations. 经过长时间的谈判而达成协议.

Negress
[5ni:gres; 5nigris] n (sometimes offensive 有时作轻蔑语) Negro woman or girl 黑人女子; 黑妞儿.

Negro
[5ni:grEu; 5nigro] n (pl ~es[-rEuz; -roz] ) (sometimes offensive 有时作轻蔑语) member of the black-skinned race of mankind that originated in Africa 黑种人; 黑人.

Negroid
[5ni:grCid; 5nigrCid] adj having the physical characteristics that are typical of Negroes 黑种人特有的; 黑人的: * a Negroid face, nose, etc 有黑人特徵的脸型、 鼻子等. 派生： Negroid n Negroid person 有黑人特徵的人; 黑人.

neigh
[nei; ne] n long high-pitched cry of a horse 马的嘶叫声. 派生： neigh v [I] make this cry （马）嘶叫.

neighbour
(US neighbor)[5neibE(r); 5nebl] n 1 (a) person living next to or near another 邻人; 邻居: * Turn your radio down, or you'll wake the neighbours. 把收音机的声音调小些, 不然会把邻居吵醒. * We're next-door neighbours, ie Our houses are side by side. 我们是隔壁邻居. * They are close neighbours of ours, ie live not far from us. 他们是我们的近邻. (b) person, thing or country that is next to or near another 邻近的人或物; 邻国: * We were neighbours (ie sat side by side) at dinner. 我们用餐时坐在一起. * When the big tree fell, it brought down two of its smaller neighbours, ie two smaller trees near it. 那棵大树一倒把附近的两棵小树也弄倒了. * Britain's nearest neighbour is France. 英国最接近的邻国是法国. 2 fellow human being 世人: * Love your neighbour. 要爱世人. * be a good neighbour, ie treat others kindly 善待他人. 派生： neighbour (US -bor) v [Ipr] ~ on sth be next or near to sth （与某物）相邻; 邻近（某物）: The garden neighbours on a golf-course. 那花园与高尔夫球场相邻. neighbouring (US -boring)[5neibEriN; 5nebEriN] adj [attrib 作定语] situated or living next or near to sb/sth 相邻的; 邻近的: * the neighbouring country, town, village, etc 邻国、 邻近的城市、 邻近的村庄 * neighbouring families 邻家. neighbourhood (US -borhood)[5neibEhud; 5nebl7hud] n 1 [CGp] (people living in a) district; area near a particular place 地区; 某地区的人; 与某处邻近的地区: * She is liked by the whole neighbourhood. 邻近的人都喜爱她. * We live in a rather rich neighbourhood. 我们住在很富裕的住宅区. * There's some beautiful scenery in our neighbourhood. 我们附近有几处景色很美. * We want to live in the neighbourhood of London. 我们想住在伦敦附近. 2 (idm 习语) in the neighbourhood of approximately 大约: * a sum in the neighbourhood of ￡500 大约500英镑的一笔款.

neighbour1
neighbourly (US -borly) adj kind and friendly, as neighbours should be （如邻居般）和睦友好的. neighbourliness (US -borliness) n [U].

neither
[5naiTE(r), 'ni:TE(r); 5niTl] indef det, indef pron not one nor the other of two （二者）都不. (a) (det):Neither boy is to blame. 两个男孩子都不应责怪. * Neither answer is correct. 两个答案都不对. * I saw neither Mr nor Mrs Smith at church. 我在教堂里既没看见史密斯先生也没看见他太太. * Neither one of us could understand German. 我们俩没一个懂德语的. * In neither case was a decision reached. 对这两种情况都未做出决定. (b) (pron): * I chose neither of them. 这两个我都不要. * `Which is your car?’ `Neither, mine's being repaired.’ ‘哪辆汽车是你的?’‘这两辆都不是, 我的正在修理.’ 派生： neither adv 1 not either 也不 (used before a modal v or aux v placed in front of its subject 用於主语前面的情态动词或助动词之前): He doesn't like Beethoven and neither do I. 他不喜欢贝多芬的作品, 我也不喜欢. * I haven't been to New York before and neither has my sister. 我以前没去过纽约, 我妹妹也没去过. * `Did you see it?’ `No.’ `Neither did I.’ ‘你看见那个了吗?’‘没看见.’‘我也没看见.’ 2 neither...nor not...and not 既不...也不: He neither knows nor cares what happened. 他对发生的事情不闻不问. * The hotel is neither spacious nor comfortable. 这旅馆既不宽敞也不舒服.

nelly
[5neli; 5neli] n (idm 习语) ,not on your `nelly (Brit sl 俚) certainly not 决不.

nem con
[7nem 'kCn; 7nem 'kan] abbr 缩写 = without any objection being raised; unanimously (Latin neminecontradicente) 无异议地, 全体一致地 neminecontradicente）: * The resolution was carried nem con. 决议案获一致通过.

nemesis
[5nemEsis; 5nemEsis] n (pl -eses[-Esi:z; -E7siz] )(usu sing 通常作单数) (fml 文) deserved and unavoidable punishment for wrong doing 报应; 罪有应得的惩罚: * to meet one's nemesis 遭报应.

neo
colonialism

neo-
comb form 构词成分 new; modern; in a later form 新的; 新近的; 现代的; 新式的: neolithic * neoclassical.

neoclassical
[7ni:Eu'klAsikl; 7nio'klAsikEl] adj of or in a style of art, literature or music that is based on or influenced by the classical style （在文艺或音乐风格方面）新古典主义的.

neolithic
[7ni:E'liWik; 7niE'liWik] adj of the later part of the Stone Age 新石器时代的: * neolithic man 新石器时代的人 * neolithic tools 新石器时代的工具.

neologism
[ni:'ClEdVizEm; ni'alE7dVizEm] n 1 [C] newly-invented word 新创造的词; 新词. 2 [U] creating or using new words 新词的创造或使用: * an author with a fondness for neologism 爱造新词的作者.

neon
[5ni:Cn; 5nian] n [U] chemical element, a colourless inert gas much used in illuminated signs because it glows with a bright light when an electric current is passed through it 氖: * [attrib 作定语] a neon lamp/light/sign 霓虹灯[霓虹灯光/霓虹灯广告]. =>App 10 见附录10.

neophyte
[5ni:Efait; 5niE7fait] n (fml 文) 1 person recently converted to some belief or religion 新近改变信仰或皈依某宗教的人. 2 beginner learning a new skill 初学者.

nephew
[5nevju:, 'nefju:; 5nefju] n son of one's brother or sister, or son of one's brother-in-law or sister-in-law 侄子; 外甥. =>App 8 见附录8. Cf 参看 niece.

nephritis
[ni'fraitis; ni'fraitis] n [U] inflammation of the kidneys 肾炎.

nepotism
[5nepEtizEm; 5nepE7tizEm] n [U] practice among people with power or influence of favouring their own relatives, esp by giving them jobs 优厚亲属的作风（尤指为其安排工作）; 裙带关系.

Neptune
[5neptju:n; - -tu:n; 5neptun] n (astronomy 天) the planet eighth in order from the sun, one of the furthest in the solar system 海王星.

nerve
[nE:v; nEv] n 1 [C] fibre or bundle of fibres carrying impulses of sensation or of movement between the brain and all parts of the body 神经: * pain caused by a trapped nerve 压迫神经产生的疼痛. =>illus at tooth 见tooth插图. 2 nerves [pl] (infml 口) condition in which one is very nervous, irritable, worried, etc; nervousness 神经过敏; 神经紧张; 神经质: * suffer from nerves, ie be easily upset, worried, etc 患神经过敏 * She doesn't know what nerves are, ie is never worried, upset, etc by events. 她根本就不知道什麽是神经紧张（遇事从不着急、 烦恼等）. * He has nerves of steel, ie a very calm temperament in times of stress, danger, etc. 他沉得住气. 3 (a) [U] boldness; courage 胆量; 勇气: * lose/regain one's nerve 失去[恢复]勇气 * a first-class skier with a lot of nerve 勇敢的滑雪健将 * It takes nerve to be a racing driver. 当赛车手要有胆量. * Rock-climbing is a test of nerve and skill. 攀岩运动能考验人的勇气和技巧. * I wouldn't have the nerve to try anything so dangerous. 我可不敢做那麽危险的事. (b) [sing] (derog infml 贬, 口) impudence (used esp as in the expressions shown) 厚脸皮, 放肆（尤用於以下示例）: * What a nerve! She just walked off with my radio! 脸皮真厚! 她一声不吭把我的收音机拿走了! * He's got a nerve, going to work dressed like that. 他胆子可真大, 竟敢穿着那样的衣服去上班. * She had the nerve to say I was cheating. 她竟敢说我作弊, 太放肆了. 4 [C] (botany 植) rib of a leaf 叶脉. 5 (idm 习语) a bundle of nerves => bundle. get on sb's `nerves (infml 口) irritate or annoy sb 刺激或烦扰某人: * Stop whistling! It's/You're getting on my nerves! 别吹口哨了! 扰得我心烦! hit/touch a (raw) `nerve refer to a subject that causes sb pain, anger, etc 提及使某人痛苦、 气愤等的事: * You hit a raw nerve when you mentioned his first wife. 你曾提到他的前妻刺到了他的痛处. strain every nerve => strain1. a war of nerves => war.

nerve1
派生： nerve v [Tn.pr, Cn.t] ~ sb/oneself for sth give sb/oneself the courage, strength or determination to do sth 使某人[自己]有勇气、 力量或决心做某事: Her support helped nerve us for the fight. 她给予的支持使我们有勇气去拚搏. * I nerved myself to face my accusers. 我下决心迎击指责我的人. nerveless adj lacking strength; unable to move 无力的; 不能活动的: The knife fell from her nerveless fingers. 刀子从她那无力的手中落下. nervelessly adv. 复合： `nerve-cell n cell that carries impulses in nerve tissue 神经细胞. `nerve-centre n 1 group of closely connected nerve-cells 神经中枢. 2 (fig 比喻) place from which a large factory, organization, project, etc is controlled and instructions sent out 控制中心: the nerve-centre of an election campaign 竞选控制中心. `nerve-racking adj causing great mental strain 造成精神紧张的; 使人心烦的: a nerve-racking wait for exam results 对考试成绩心神不安的等待.

nervous
[5nE:vEs; 5nEvEs] adj 1 of the nerves (nerve 1) 神经的: * a nervous disorder 神经失常 * the nervous system of the human body 人体的神经系统. 2 ~ (of sth/doing sth) fearful; timid 害怕的; 胆怯的; 胆小的: * a frail, nervous little person 脆弱、 胆小的可怜人 * I'm nervous of (being in) large crowds. 我在大庭广众之下感到胆怯. * Are you nervous in the dark? 你在黑暗处觉得害怕吗? * She gave a nervous laugh. 她胆怯地一笑. 3 tense; excited; unstable 神经紧张的; 神经过敏的; 神经质的: * full of nervous energy 精力充沛 * a nervous style ofwriting 刚劲的笔力. > nervously adv: * smile, fidget, whisper nervously 神经质地微笑、 烦躁、 低语. nervousness n [U]. 复合： ,nervous `breakdown (time of) mental illness that causes depression, tiredness and general physical weakness神经衰弱. `nervous system system of nerves throughout the body of a person or an animal 神经系统.

nervy
[5nE:vi; 5nEvi] adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) 1 (Brit) excitable; uneasy; jumpy 易激动的; 烦躁不安的; 神经紧张的. 2 (US) impudent; cheeky 厚脸皮的; 无耻的.

nest
[nest; nest] n 1 (a) place or structure chosen or made by a bird for laying its eggs and sheltering its young （鸟的）窝, 巢: * sparrows building a nest of straw and twigs 用乾草和树枝 窝的麻雀. (b) place where certain other creatures live, or produce and keep their young （其他一些生物的）窝, 巢, 穴: * an ants' nest 蚁穴 * a wasps' nest 黄蜂巢. 2 snug, comfortable or sheltered place 安乐、 舒适或隐蔽之处; 安乐窝: * make oneself a nest of cushions 用垫子给自己做个安乐窝. 3 secret or protected place, esp for criminals and their activities 藏匿处; 庇护所（尤指供罪犯用的）: * a nest of thieves 贼窟 * a nest of vice, crime, etc 罪恶等的渊薮. 4 group or set of similar things of different sizes made to fit inside each other （大小不等, 可以套放在一起的）一组或一套相似物件: * a nest of boxes/tables/bowls 一套盒子[桌子/盆]. 5 site where guns, etc are placed （枪炮的）掩体: * a machine-gun nest 机关枪掩体. 6 (idm 习语) feather one's nest => feather2. foul one's nest => foul2. a hornet's nest => hornet. a mare's nest => mare1. 派生： nest v [I] 1 make and use a nest 做窝; 巢: nesting robins 正在 巢的鸲鸟 * Swallows are nesting in the garage. 燕子正在汽车房做窝. 2 (usu 通常作 go nesting) search for the nests of wild birds and take the eggs 寻鸟窝（寻找野鸟的窝掏鸟蛋）. 复合： `nest-egg n sum of money saved for future use 存储备用的钱; 储备金: a tidy little nest-egg of 5000 5000英镑的一小笔储金.

nestle
[5nesl; 5nesl] v 1 [Ipr, Ip] settle comfortably and warmly in a soft place （在柔软的地方）安顿下来（舒适而温暖）: * nestle (down) among the cushions 在一堆垫子里舒服地呆着 * nestle into bed 躺在暖和的床上. 2 [Ipr] lie in a half-hidden or sheltered position 处於半隐蔽或遮掩处: * The egg nestled in the long grass. 蛋隐藏在高草中. * The village nestled at the foot of the hill. 那村庄位於山脚下. 3 [Tn] hold (sb/sth) snugly, as if in a nest; cradle 容纳（某人[某物]）（使之温暖、 舒适, 如在巢中）; 抱; 怀抱: * She nestled the baby in her arms. 她把孩子抱在怀里. * The cat lay nestled in the cushions. 猫舒舒服服地卧在一堆垫子中. 4 [Tn.pr] ~ sth against, on, etc sth push (one's head, shoulder, etc) lovingly against, etc sth 使（头、 肩等）依偎、 紧挨某物: * She nestled her head on his shoulder. 她将头依偎在他的肩上. 5 (phr v) nestle up (against/to sb/sth) settle oneself against sb/sth comfortably 使自己舒服地倚着、 靠着某人[某物]: * The child nestled up to its mother and fell asleep. 孩子倚着母亲舒服地睡了. * The dog nestled up against the warm radiator. 狗倚着暖烘烘的散热器.

nestling
[5nestliN; 5nestliN] n bird that is too young to leave the nest 雏鸟.

net
1[net; net] n 1 (a) [U] loose open material made of string, thread, wire, etc knotted or woven together 网眼织物: * a large piece of net 一张大网 * [attrib 作定语] net curtains 网眼 布 * a wire-net fence 铁丝网栅栏. (b) [C] piece of this used for a particular purpose, eg catching fish, holding hair in place, etc （有某种用途的）网（如捕鱼、 罩头发等）: * `fishing-nets 鱼网 * a `tennis net 网球网 * a `hair-net 发网 * a mos`quito net 蚊帐 * kick/hit the ball into the net, eg in football, hockey, etc 踢[击]球入网（如足球、 曲棍球等）. 2 [C] (esp fig 尤作比喻) trap or snare 陷阱; 罗网: * caught in a net of crime 落入罪恶的陷阱 * The wanted man has so far escaped the police net. 那个遭通缉的人至今仍未落入警方的罗网. 3 (a) the nets [pl] (in cricket) one or more wickets set up inside a net or nets for practice （板球）有网围住的练球场: * have an hour in the nets 在板球练球场练习一小时. (b) [sing] period of practice in these 在有网围住的板球练球场练习: * The players had a short net before the game. 板球运动员於比赛前在练球场练了练球. 4 [C] network (esp of communications) 网络; （尤指）通讯网. 5 (idm 习语) cast one's net wide => cast1. spread one's net => spread. 派生： net v (-tt-) 1 [Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth/sb (for sb) catch or obtain sth/sb with or as if with a net （似）以网捕捉某物[某人]: They netted a good haul of fish. 他们捕了满满一网鱼. * The deal netted (him) a handsome profit. 这笔交易（他）捞到可观利润. 2 [Tn] cover (eg fruit trees) with a net or nets （以网）罩住（例如果树）: If you don't net your peas the birds will eat them. 若不用网把豌豆罩上, 鸟就要来吃了. 3 [Tn] (sport 体) kick, hit, etc (a ball) into the goal net 将（球）踢、 击等入球门网. 复合： `netball n [U] team game in which a ball has to be thrown so that it falls through a high horizontal ring with a net hanging from it 无挡板篮球.

net1
`network n 1 complex system of roads, etc crossingeach other 网状系统: a network of roads, railways, canals,etc 公路网、 铁路网、 运河网. 2 (a) closely linked group of people, companies, etc 联络网: a spy network 间谍网 * a network of shops all over the country 遍及全国的商店网 * a communications network, eg for radio and TV, using satellites 通讯网（如利用人造卫星的无线电及电视通讯网）. (b) group of broadcasting stations that link up to broadcast the same programmes at the same time 联播网（同时播送同一节目的一组广播电台）: the three big US television networks 美国的叁大电视网. 3 (idm 习语) the old-boy network => old.

nether
[5neTE(r); 5neTl] adj (arch or joc 古或谑) lower 下面的: * the nether regions/world, ie the world of the dead, hell 阴间[地狱] * nether garments, ie trousers 下身儿（裤子）. > nethermost[-mEust; -7most] adj.

netting
[5netiN; 5netiN] n [U] string, wire, etc knotted or woven into a net 网: * five yards of wire netting 五码金属网 * windows screened with netting 装有纱窗的窗户.

nettle
[5netl; 5netl] n 1 common wild plant with hairs on its leaves that sting and redden the skin when touched 麻. 2 (idm 习语) grasp the nettle => grasp. 派生： nettle v [Tn] make (sb) angry; annoy; irritate 使（某人）发怒; 惹恼; 剌激: My remarks clearly nettled her. 我的言语显然激怒了她. 复合： `nettle-rash n [U] condition caused by an allergy, producing red patches on the skin like nettle stings 麻疹.

network
=> net1.

neur(o)-
comb form 构词成分 of nerves or the nervous system 神经的; 神经系统的: neuralgia * neuritis * neurosis.

neural
[5njuErEl; 5njurEl] adj (anatomy 解) of the nerves 神经的.

neuralgia
[njuE'rAldVE; - nu-; nu'rAldVE] n [U] (medical 医) intermittent sharp pain felt along a nerve, usu in the head or face 神经痛（尤指头部或颜面）. 派生： neuralgic/njuE'rAldVik; nu'rAldVik] adj (medical 医) of neuralgia 神经痛的: * neuralgic pain 神经疼痛.

neurasthenia
[7njuErEs'Wi:niE; - 7nur-; 7nurEs'WiniE] n [U] (medical 医) weak condition of the nerves, causing tiredness, worry, dizziness, etc 神经衰弱. 派生： neurasthenic[-'Wenik; -'Wenik] adj (medical 医) of or suffering from neurasthenia （患）神经衰弱的. n (medical 医) person suffering from neurasthenia 神经衰弱者.

neuritis
[njuE'raitis; - nu-; nu'raitis] n [U] (medical 医) inflammation of a nerve or nerves 神经炎.

neurology
[njuE'rClEdVi; - nu-; nu'ralEdVi] n [U] scientific study of nerves and their diseases 神经学; 神经病学. 派生： neurological[7njuErE'lCdVikl; - 7nu-; 7nurE'ladVikEl] adj: * neurological research 神经病学的研究. neurologist/njuE'rClEdVist; - nu-; nu'ralEdVist] n expert in neurology 神经学家; 神经病学家.

neurosis
[njuE'rEusis; - nu-; nu'rosis] n (pl -oses[-EUsi:z; -osiz/) (medical 医) mental illness that causes depression or abnormal behaviour, often with physical symptoms but with no sign of disease 神经症; 神经官能症.

neurotic
[njuE'rCtik; - nu-; nu'ratik] adj caused by or suffering from neurosis; abnormally anxious or obsessive 神经症的; 神经官能症的; 异常焦虑的; 有强迫观念的: * neurotic worries, outbursts, letters 神经症引起的焦虑、 神经官能症的发作、 反映出异常焦虑情绪的信件 * (infml 口) She's neurotic about switching lights off at home to save electricity. 她为省电把家里的灯都关了, 真是精神病. 派生： neurotic n neurotic person 神经症患者. neurotically[-kli; -kli] adv.

neuter
[5nju:tE(r); - 'nu:-; 5nutl] adj 1 (grammar) (of a word) neither masculine nor feminine in gender （指词）中性的: * a neuter noun 中性名词. 2 (of plants) having neither male nor female parts （指植物）无性的. 3 (of insects) sexually undeveloped; sterile （指昆虫）性机能未发育的, 不能生育的. 派生： neuter n 1 neuter noun or gender 中性名词; 中性. 2 (a) sexually undeveloped insect 性机能未发育的昆虫. (b) castrated animal 已阉割的动物: My cat is a neuter. 我的猫是阉过的. neuter v [Tn] castrate (an animal) 阉割（动物）: a neutered tom-cat 去势的猫.

neutral
[5nju:trEl; - 'nu:-; 5nutrEl] adj 1 (a) not supporting or helping either side in a dispute, contest,war, etc; impartial 中立的; 不偏不倚的; 公平的: * a neutral country, judge, assessment 中立国、 公正的法官、 公正的评价 * be/remain neutral 保持中立. (b) of a country that remains neutral in war 中立国的: * neutral territory, ships, etc 中立国的领土、 船只等. 2 (a) having no distinct or positive qualities 无明显特性的: * He is rather a neutral character, ie has no obvious virtues or faults. 他品性平平. (b) (of colours) not strong or vivid, eg grey or fawn （指颜色）不鲜艳的（如灰色或浅黄褐色）: * A neutral tie can be worn with a shirt of any colour. 暗灰色的领带配什麽颜色的衬衣都行. 3 (of a gear) in which the engine is not connected with the parts driven by it （指汽车的排挡）空挡的: * leave a car in neutral gear 让汽车排挡置於空挡位置 * Put the gear lever in the neutral position. 把变速 推到空挡的位置. 4 (chemistry 化) neither acid nor alkaline 中性的. 派生： neutral n 1 [C] person, country, etc that is neutral 中立的人、 国家等. 2 [U] neutral(3) position of the gears 空挡位置: slip (the gears) into neutral 把（排挡）推到空挡位置 * The car's in neutral. 那汽车在空挡位置. neutrality/nju:'trAlEti; - nu:-; nu'trAlEti] n [U] state of being neutral, esp in war 中性; （尤指战时的）中立: * armed neutrality, ie readiness to fight if attacked, while remaining neutral until this happens 武装中立（保持中立, 但如遭攻击可立即应战）. neutralize, -ise v [Tn] 1 take away the effect or special quality of (sth) by using sth with the opposite effect or quality 使（某物）无效; 中和: neutralize a poison,an acid 解毒、 把酸中和. 2 make (a region, country, etc) neutral by agreement; keep free or exclude from fighting （通过协议）使（某地区、 国家等）中立; 不使参战: a neutralized zone 通过协议保持中立的地区. neutralization, -isation[7nju:trElai'zeiFn; - -li'z-;7njutrElE'zeFEn]

neutral1
n [U]. neutrally[-rEli; -rEli] adv.

neutron
[5nju:trCn; - 'nu:-; 5nutran] n particle carrying no electric charge, with about the same mass as a proton,and forming part of the nucleus of an atom 中子. Cf 参看 electron, proton. 复合： `neutron bomb bomb that kills people by intense radiation, but does little damage to buildings, etc 中子弹.

never
[5nevE(r); 5nevl] adv 1 at no time; on no occasion; not ever 从未; 未曾; 永不: * She never goes to the cinema. 她向来不看电影. * He has never been abroad. 他从未出过国. * I will never agree to their demands. 我决不同意他们的要求. * I'm tired of your never-ending complaints. 我听腻了你那没完没了的抱怨. * `Would you do that?’ `Never.’ ‘你会做出那种事吗?’‘永远不会.’* Never in all my life have I heard such nonsense! 我这辈子从没听过这种废话! * I shall never (ever) stay at that hotel again. 我再也不住那家旅馆了. * Such a display has never been seen before/never before been seen. 这种展览前所未见. 2 (used for emphasis 用於加强语气) not (used esp as in the expressions shown) 不（尤用於以下示例）: * That will never do, ie is completely unacceptable. 那绝对不行. * He never so much as smiled, ie didn't smile even once. 他从来就没笑过. * You never did! ie Surely you didn't! 你肯定没做过! * Never fear! ie Don't be afraid! 别害怕! 3 (idm 习语) on the ,never-`never (sl joc 俚, 谑) on the hire-purchase system 以分期付款的方式: * buy sth on the never-never 以分期付款的方式购买某物. well, I never (did)! (expressing surprise, disapproval, etc 表示惊讶、 不赞成等): * Well, I never! Fancy getting married and not telling us! , 好家伙! 想偷偷结婚不告诉我们! 派生： never interj (infml 口) surely not 当然不: `I got the job.’ `Never!’ ‘我得到那份工作了.’‘绝不可能!’ nevermore[7nevE'mC:(r); 7nevl'mCr] adv (arch 古) never again; at no future time 永不再; 再不.

nevertheless
[7nevETE'les; 7nevlTE'les] adv, conj (fml 文) in spite of this; however; still 虽然如此; 然而; 依然: * Though very intelligent, she is nevertheless rather modest. 她很聪明, 倒也很谦虚. * There was no news; nevertheless we went on hoping. 尽管毫无消息, 我们仍抱着希望. * He is often rude to me, but I like him nevertheless.他时常对我粗鲁无礼, 但我还很喜欢他.

new
[nju:; - nu:; nu] adj (-er, -est) 1 not existing before; seen, introduced, made, invented, etc recently or for the first time 新的: * a new school, idea, film, novel, invention, car 新的学校、 想法、 影片、 小说、 发明、 汽车 * new clothes, furniture 新的衣服、 家具 * new potatoes, ie ones dug from the soil early in the season 新下来的土豆 * new (ie freshly baked) bread 刚出炉的面包 * the newest (ie latest) fashions 最新款式. =>Usage 见所附用法. 2 (a) ~ (to sb) already existing but not seen, experienced, etc before; unfamiliar to sb 未见过的; 未经历过的; 生疏的: * learn new words in a foreign language 学习外国语的生词 * a new (ie recently discovered) star 新发现的一颗星 * As a beginner, everything is very new to him. 他刚起步, 对一切都很生 疏. (b) ~ (to sth) not yet accustomed to sth; unfamiliar with sth 尚未习惯的; 不熟悉的: * I am new to this town. 我不熟悉此城. * They are still new to the work. 他们对这工作还不习惯. * You're new here, aren't you? 你对这里不熟悉, 是吧? 3 changed from the previous one(s); different 转换的; 不同的: * a new job, teacher, home 新的工作、 老师、 家 * make new friends 交新朋友. 4 (usu with the 通常与the连用) modern; of the latest type 现代的; 最新型的: * the new poor/rich, ie those recently made poor/rich by social changes, etc 新形成的穷人[富人] * the new conformism among the young 年轻人中新兴起的循规蹈矩风气. 5 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (a) just beginning 刚开始的: * a new day 新的一天 * a new era in the history of our country 我国历史上的一个新时代. (b) beginning again; renewed 重新的; 更新的: * start a new life 开始新生活 * This government offers new hope to the people. 本届政府给人民带来新的希望. (c) refreshed in mind or body （脑力或体力）已恢复的: * I feel (like) a new man. 我觉得精力又充沛了.

new1
6 (idm 习语) brave new world => brave. break fresh/new ground => ground1. clean as a new pin => clean1. fresh/new blood => blood1. (as) good as `new in as good a condition as when new 完好如新: * I'll just sew up that tear, and the coat will be as good as new. 我把大衣的破处缝好, 就会完好如新了. a new `broom (sweeps clean) (saying 谚) a person newly appointed to a responsible position (starts to change and improve things energetically, in a way that is sometimes resented by others) 新扫帚（扫得净）; 新官上任（叁把火）. a new deal programme of political, social and economic reform 政治、 社会和经济改革的计画. a ,new lease of `life; US a ,new lease on `life chance to live longer or with greater vigour, satisfaction, etc 延年益寿; 活得更带劲、 更惬意等: * Since recovering from her operation, she's had a new lease of life. 她手术复元以後活得更有劲了. * (fig 比喻) A bit of oil and some paint could give that old bike a new lease of life. 给那辆旧自行车上点儿油和漆, 就能多骑些日子. ring out the old year and ring in the new => ring2. teach an old dog new tricks => teach. turn over a new `leaf change one's way of life to become a better, more responsible person 重新做人; 改恶从善: * The thief was determined to turn over a new leaf once he was released from prison. 那盗贼下决心, 一旦获释便重新做人. 派生： new- (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) recently 新近的: a new-born baby * new-laid eggs * new-mown hay * new-found faith. newly adv (usu before a past participle 通常用於过去分词之前) 1 recently 新近地: a newly married couple 新婚夫妇 * a newly formed group 新组成的小组. 2 in a new different way 以新方式: newly arranged furniture 以新方式陈设的家具. `newly-wed n (usu pl 通常作复数) person who has recently married 新婚的人: the young newly-weds 年轻的新婚夫妇.

new2
newness n [U]. 复合： `newcomer n person who has recently arrived in a place 新来的人. `newfangled adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (usu derog 通常作贬义) (of ideas or things) modern or fashionable in a way that many dislike or refuse to accept （指观念或事物）新潮的, 时髦的（很多人不喜欢或不赞成）: I don't like all these newfangled gadgets. 这些新潮玩意儿我不都喜欢. * You and your newfangled notions! 又来了, 又是你那些时髦儿货色! new `moon (a) the moon when it is seen as a thin crescent 新月. (b) time when this is so 新月出现时: after the next new moon 下次新月出现後. Cf 参看 full moon (full). the New `Testament the second part of the Bible, concerned with the teachings of Christ and his earliest followers （《圣经》中的）《新约全书》. `new town (Brit) town planned and built all at once with the help of government funds 新市镇（政府资助整体规画建设的）. the New `World North and South America 新大陆, 新世界（南北美洲）. Cf 参看 the Old World (old). new `year the first few days of January 新年: I'll see you in the new year. 新年期间我去看你. * Happy New Year! 新年快乐! New Year's `Day (US New Year's)1 January 元旦; 1月1日. New Year's `Eve 31 December除夕; 12月31日. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Compare recent, current, contemporary, modern and new. 试比较recent、 current、 contemporary、 modern、 new这几个词. 1 Recent and current have the most restricted and neutral meanings. *recent和current的词义最狭窄也最无褒贬分别. Recent describes events that occurred a short time ago, but which may now have finished, or things which no longer exist *recent指不久前发生的事, 可能现已结束, 也可指不复存在的事物: Recent problems have been solved. 最近的问题已经解决. * She's spent all her recent pay rise. 她把新增加的工资都花光了. Current suggests a situation that exists today but which may be temporary *current意为目前存在的情况, 可能是暂时的: The factory cannot maintain current levels of production. 该工厂不能保持目前的生产水平.

new3
* How long will she keep her current job? 她现在这份工作能维持多久? 2 Modern, contemporary and new often indicate a positive quality of being up-to-date,especially in style *modern、 contemporary、 new常指符合时代潮流的好的特性, 尤指式样或风格: contemporary/modern dance, music, art, etc 当代的[现代的]舞蹈、 音乐、 艺术等. Modern can refer to a longer period up to the present *modern可指直至当前的一段较长时期: Modern English, ie since 1500 现代英语, 即自1500年使用至今者. Contemporary need not relate to the present *contemporary不一定指延续至今: Shakespeare's plays tell us a lot about contemporary life, ie the life of the 16th century. 莎士比亚的戏剧向我们介绍了当时生活的许多情况（即16世纪的生活）. New can also mean `original' *new还有‘创新’的意思: a completely new type of computer 全新型计算机.Note that actual cannot be used to mean contemporaryor current. 注意, 不能用actual表示contemporary或current的意思. It means `real' 该词的含义是‘真实的’: I need the actual figures, not an estimate. 我需要确实的数字, 不要估计的. * His actual age was 45, not 40 as he had stated on his form. 他的实际年龄是45岁, 并非他填在表格上的40岁.

newel
[5njuEl; - 'nu:El; 5nuEl] n 1 central pillar of a winding staircase （螺旋式楼梯的）中心柱. 2 (also `newel post) post supporting the handrail of a stair at the top or bottom of a staircase （楼梯顶部或底部的）端柱.

newt
[nju:t; - nu:t; nut] n 1 small lizard-like animal that can live in water or on land 蝾螈. 2 (idm 习语) pissed as a newt => pissed (piss).

Newtonian
[nju:'tEuniEn; - nu:-; nu'toniEn] adj [attrib 作定语] of the theories of the English scientist Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727) 牛顿学说的: * Newtonian physics 牛顿物理学.

next
1[nekst; nekst] adj [attrib 作定语] ~ (to sb/sth); ~ (to do sth/that...) 1 (usu with the 通常与the连用) coming immediately after (sb/sth) in order, space or time （在顺序、 空间或时间上）紧随（某人[某事物]）之後的; 其次的; 下一个的; 邻近的: * the next name on the list 名单上的下一个名字 * How far is it to the next (ie nearest) petrol station? 最近的加油站离此地多远? * The next train to Manchester is at 10.00. 下一班去曼彻斯特的火车是10点整. * The very next time I saw her she was working in London. 就在那次之後我又见到她时, 她正在伦敦工作. * The next person to speak (ie who speaks) will be punished. 再有人说话就要受罚. * The next six months will be the hardest. 以後的半年最困难. * I felt a sharp pain in my head and the next thing I knew was waking up in hospital. 我觉得头部一阵剧痛, 等明白过来才知道自己是在医院里. 2 (used without the before eg Monday, week, winter, year to indicate the one immediately following 在Monday、 week、 winter、 year等词之前不用the, 表示随之而来者): * Next Thursday is 12 April. 即将到来的星期四是4月12日. * I'm going skiing next winter. 我打算在即将到来的冬天去滑雪. =>Usage at last1 用法见last1. 3 (idm 习语) better luck next time => better1. first/ last/ next but one, two, three, etc => first1. as good, well, far, much, etc as the `next man as good, well, etc as the average person 与一般人一样好等等: * I can enjoy a joke as well as the next man, but this is going too far. 我跟别人一样喜欢开玩笑, 但这个玩笑太离谱了. the next world state that one is believed to pass into after death 来世; 来生; 下辈子. the next n [sing] person or thing that is next 下一个人或事物: The first episode was good -- now we have to wait a week for the next. 头一集很好--下一集还得等一个星期. 复合： ,next `door in or into the next house or room 隔壁: She lives next door. 她住在隔壁.

next1
* The manager's office is just next door. 经理办公室就在隔壁. * [attrib 作定语] our ,next-door `neighbours 我们隔壁的邻居. next door to in the house or flat next to (sb/sth) 与（某人[某物]）相邻: Next door to us there's a couple from the USA. 我们隔壁住着来自美国的一对夫妇. * (fig 比喻) Such ideas are next door to (ie close to) madness. 这种主意迹近疯狂. ,next of `kin (fml 文) (with sing or pl v 与单数或复数动词连用) closest living relative(s) （在世的）最近的亲属: Her next of kin have been informed. 已通知她最近的亲属了. * Who is your next of kin? 谁是你的健在的最近的亲属? next to prep 1 in or into a position immediately to one side of (sb/sth); beside 在紧接着（某人[某物]）的一侧; 在...的旁边: Peter sat next to Paul on the sofa. 彼得挨着保罗坐在沙发上. 2 in the position after (sb/sth); following 在（某人[某物]）的後面; 跟在...之後: Next to skiing her favourite sport was ice-hockey. 她最喜爱的运动是滑雪, 其次是冰球. * Birmingham is the largest city in Britain next to London. 在英国伯明翰是仅次於伦敦的大城市. 3 almost 几乎; 近於: Papering the ceiling proved next to impossible without a ladder. 要裱糊天花板没有梯子可以说是办不到. * I got it for next to nothing in a jumble sale. 这是我在旧货拍卖场简直没花钱买到的. * My horse came next to last (ie last but one) in the race. 我的那匹马在比赛中得了倒数第二名. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Compare nearest and next.试比较nearest和next这两个词. (The) next indicates`the following' in a sequence of events or places 在涉及事情或地方的顺序时, (the) next指‘下一个’: When is your next appointment? 你下一次的预约时间是什麽时候? * Turn left at the next traffic lights. 在下一个交通信号灯处向左拐. (The) nearest means `the closest' (of several) in time or place *(the) nearest是指在时间或地方方面（几个之中）‘最接近的一个’: `When can I have my birthday party?’ `On the Saturday nearest to it.’ ‘我的生日庆祝会能在哪天举行?’‘在离你生日最近的那个星期六吧.’

next2
* Where's the nearest supermarket? 离这里最近的超级市场在哪儿? Notice the difference between the prepositions nearest (to) and next (to) 注意介词nearest (to)和next (to)的区别: Janet's sitting nearest (to) the window (of all the children). 珍妮特（在所有的孩子中）坐得离窗户最近. * Sarah's sitting next to the window (beside it). 萨拉坐在窗户旁边.

nexus
[5neksEs; 5neksEs] n (pl ~es[-sEsiz; -sEsiz] ) (fml 文) connected group or series; bond or connection 相关联的群体或系列; 联结; 连系: * Shared ambition is the vital nexus between them. 共同的志向是把他们联结在一起的重要纽带.

NHS
[7en eitF 'es; 7en etF 'es] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) National Health Service 国民保健署: * I got my hearing-aid on the NHS. 我的助听器是国民保健署资助的.

NI
abbr 缩写 = 1 (Brit) National Insurance 国民保险制 度: NI deductions, eg on a pay slip 国民保险扣除额（如工资单所列的）. 2 Northern Ireland 北爱尔兰.

niacin
[5naiEsin; 5naiEsin] n [U] vitamin found in meat, yeast and some cereals 烟瞏酸（肉类、 酵母和某些谷物中的维生素）.

nib
[nib; nib] n metal point of a pen 钢笔尖.

nibble
[5nibl; 5nibl] v 1 (a) [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (at sth) take tiny bites of sth 小口咬某物; 轻咬: * fish nibbling (at) the bait 轻咬鱼饵的鱼 * She nibbled his ears playfully. 她轻轻咬他的耳朵玩. * Mice have nibbled all the cheese away. 老鼠一点一点地把乾酪都啃光了. (b) [I] eat small amounts 吃少量东西: * No nibbling between meals! 不要在两顿饭之间吃零食! 2 (phr v) nibble at sth show cautious interest in (an offer, etc) 对（好意、提议等）审慎地表示有意接受: * He nibbled at my idea, but would not make a definite decision. 他对我的想法颇感兴趣, 但不做出决定. 派生： nibble n (a) act of nibbling 小口的咬; 轻咬: I felt a nibble on the end of my line. 我觉得有鱼轻轻地咬钩. (b) small amount of food 少量的食物: Drinks and nibbles will be served. 将有饮品小吃招待.

nice
[nais; nais] adj (-r, -st) 1 (a) pleasant; agreeable 好的; 令人愉快的; 宜人的: * a nice person, smile, taste, remark 令人愉快的人、 微笑、 味道、 言语 * a nice day 美好的一天 * nice weather 好天气 * a nice little girl 可爱的姑娘 * That tastes nice! 味道挺好! * We had a nice time at the beach. 我们在海滨时开心极了. * It's not nice to pick your nose. 挖鼻孔很不雅观. (b) ~ (to sb) kind; friendly 亲切的; 友好的: * Try to be nice to my father when he visits. 我父亲到这里来时尽量对他好些. Cf 参看 nasty. 2 (ironic 反语) bad; unpleasant 坏的; 令人不愉快的: * This is a nice mess you've got us into! 你把我们弄到了这种地步! * That's a nice thing to say! 这种好话能说得出口! 3 needing precision and care; fine; subtle 需精确和慎重的; 细微的; 微妙的: * a nice distinction 细微的区别 * a nice point of law, ie one that may be difficult to decide 法律上难以决定之处 * nice (ie very slight) shades of meaning 意义的细微差别. 4 (a) hard to please; having refined tastes 难以取悦的; 讲究的: * too nice in one's dress 衣着过分讲究. (b) (usu in negative expressions 通常用於否定用语) respectable; scrupulous 体面的; 高尚的; 谨慎的; 细致的: * She's not too nice in her business methods. 她的经营方法不敢恭维. 5 (idm 习语) nice and (used before adjs 用於形容词之前) (infml approv 口, 褒) agreeably 宜人地: * nice and warm by the fire 在火边暖烘烘的 * nice and cool in the woods 森林里凉爽宜人. good/nice work => work1. nice work if you can get it (saying 谚) (used to express envy of what sb has been lucky or clever enough to get or do 因某人幸运或聪明而得到或得以做某事物, 用此语表达 慕或忌妒之意). 派生： nicely adv 1 in a pleasant manner 愉快地; 美好地; 亲切地: nicely dressed, done, said 穿得、 做得、 说得很像样子. 2 (infml 口) very well; all right 很好; 相宜: That will suit me nicely. 那对我很合适.

nice1
* The patient is doing nicely, ie is making good progress. 那病人好得很快. niceness n [U].

nicety
[5naisEti; 5naisEti] n 1 [U] accuracy; precision 准确; 精确: * nicety of judgement 判断的准确 * a point of great nicety, ie one that requires very careful and detailedthought 需要仔细考虑之处. 2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] subtle distinction or detail 细微的区别; 微小的细节: * I can't go into all the niceties of meaning. 我无法详述意义上的细微区别. * observe the social niceties, ie of polite behaviour, etc 遵守社交礼节. 3 (idm 习语) to a nicety exactly right 正确地; 恰好地: * You judged the distance to a nicety. 你对那段距离的判断十分精确.

niche
[nitF, ni:F; nitF] n 1 shallow recess, esp in a wall （浅的）凹处; （尤指）壁龛: * a niche with a shelf 有格架的壁龛. =>illus 见插图. 2 (fig 比喻) suitable or comfortable position, place, job, etc 适合的或舒适的位置、 地方、 职业等: * I don't think he's yet found his niche in life, ie the occupation that gives him most satisfaction and happiness. 我认为他还没找到生活的归宿.

nick
1[nik; nik] n 1 small cut or notch 小切口; 刻痕; 缺口: * Make a nick in the cloth with the scissors. 用剪子在布料上剪个缺口. 2 (idm 习语) in good, bad, etc `nick (Brit sl 俚) in good, etc condition or health 情况或身体好、 坏等: * She's in pretty good nick for a 70-year-old. 对70岁的人来说, 她身体很好. * The car's in poor nick. 那辆汽车的情况糟透了. in the ,nick of `time only just in time; at the last moment 刚来得及; 在最後时刻: * You got here in the nick of time the train's just leaving. 你来得真是时候--火车正要开. 派生： nick v [Tn] make a nick in (sth) 在（某物）上切口, 刻痕: nick one's chin when shaving 刮胡子时将下巴割破.

nick-nack
= knick-knack.

nickel
[5nikl; 5nikl] n 1 [U] chemical element, a hard silver-white metal often used in alloys 镍: * nickel-plated 镀镍的. =>App 10 见附录10. 2 [C] coin of the US or Canada, worth 5 cents （美国或加拿大的）5分镍币. =>App 4 见附录4. 派生： nickel v (-ll-; US -l-) [Tn] coat (sth) with nickel 将（某物）镀镍. 复合： nickel silver alloy of nickel, zinc and copper 德银（镍锌铜的合金）.

nickname
[5nikneim; 5nik7nem] n familiar or humorous name given to a person instead of or as well as his real name, often a short form of the real name, or a referenceto the person's character, etc 爱称; 绰号; 诨名; 外号: * Harold's nickname was Harry. 哈罗德的 称是哈里. * As he was always cheerful he had the nickname `Smiler'. 他总是快快乐乐的, 因而得了个外号叫‘乐乐’. 派生： nickname v [Tn, Cn.n esp passive 尤用於被动语态] give a nickname to (sb) 给（某人）起绰号: He was nicknamed Shorty because he was so tall! 因为他很高, 就给他起个外号叫‘矮子’.

nicotine
[5nikEti:n; 5nikE7tin] n [U] poisonous oily substance found in tobacco 尼古丁: * nicotine-stained fingers 被尼古丁熏黄的手指 * [attrib 作定语] cigarettes with a low nicotine content 尼古丁含量低的香烟.

niece
[ni:s; nis] n daughter of one's brother or sister, or daughter of one's brother-in-law or sister-in-law 侄女; 甥女. =>App 8 见附录8. Cf 参看 nephew.

niff
[nif; nif] n (Brit sl 俚) smell; stink 难闻的气味; 恶臭: * What a niff! 太臭了! 派生： niffy adj (Brit sl 俚) having an unpleasant smell; smelly 有臭味的; 发臭的: That meat's a bit niffy. 那肉有点儿臭了.

nifty
[5nifti; 5nifti] adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) 1 (a) clever; skilful 聪明的; 伶俐的; 有技巧的; 熟练的: * a footballer's nifty footwork 足球运动员熟练的脚下功夫. (b) efficient; useful; handy 有效的; 有用的; 便利的: * a nifty little gadget for peeling potatoes 削土豆皮的小巧的工具. 2 smart; stylish 漂亮的; 时髦的: * wearing a nifty new outfit 穿着时髦的新衣服.

niggard
[5nigEd; 5nigld] n mean stingy person 小气鬼; 吝啬鬼. 派生： niggardly adj 1 mean; stingy 小气的; 吝啬的: a niggardly old miser 吝啬的守财奴. 2 (of a gift, etc) having little value （指礼物等）无价值的, 小气的: a niggardly contribution to the fund 小气的捐助. niggardliness n [U].

nigger
[5nigE(r); 5nigl] n ( derog offensive 讳, 贬, 蔑) black person; negro 黑人; 黑鬼.

niggle
[5nigl; 5nigl] v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (about/over sth) give too much time and attention to unimportant details; criticize in a petty way 过分为琐事费时及操心; 挑剔: * Stop niggling about every penny we spend. 别再为我们花的每个小钱费心思了. 2 [Tn] irritate (sb) in a minor way; annoy 惹（某人）不痛快; 惹恼: * His untidiness constantly niggled her. 他邋邋遢遢总惹她讨厌. 派生： niggling[5nigliN; 5nigliN] adj 1 too unimportant to give time or attention to; trifling 不值得费时或操心的; 无关紧要的; 琐碎的: * Don't waste time on niggling details. 不要为琐事浪费时间. 2 annoying in a minor but persistent way 令人烦恼的, 讨厌的（事不大但不断）: * a niggling pain 烦人的疼痛 * niggling criticism 恼人的批评.

nigh
[nai; nai] adv, prep (-er, -est) (arch 古) near (to) 接近（於）; 靠近: * The end of the world is nigh! 世界末日就要到了! Cf 参看 wellnigh.

night
[nait; nait] n [C, U] 1 time of darkness between sunset and sunrise 夜; 夜里; 夜间; 夜晚; 晚上: * in/during the night 在夜里 * on Sunday night 在星期日晚上 * on the night of Friday 13 June 在6月13日星期五夜晚 * a late-night show at the cinema, ie one given much later than the other shows 深夜场电影 * Night fell, ie It became dark. 天黑了. * He stayed three nights at the hotel, ie slept there for three nights. 他在旅馆住了叁夜. * Can you stay the night/stay over night (ie spend the night here)? 你能在这里过夜吗? 2 evening on which a specified activity takes place 进行某项活动的夜晚: * the first night of a play 戏剧的首演夜场 * the last night of the Proms 逍遥音乐会的告别夜场. 3 (idm 习语) all night (long) throughout the whole night 整夜; 通宵; 彻夜. all right on the night => right1. at night when night comes; during the night 夜里; 夜间; 晚上: * These animals only come out at night. 这些动物仅在夜间才出来. * 10 o'clock at night, ie 10 pm 晚上10点钟. by day/night => day: * travelling by night 夜行. an early/a late `night night when one goes to bed earlier/later than usual 比平时睡得早[晚]的夜晚: * You've been having too many latenights recently. 你近来晚睡的次数太多了. have a good/bad `night sleep well/badly during the night （夜里）睡得好[不好]. in the/at dead of night => dead. like a thief in the night => thief. the livelong day/night => livelong. make a `night of it spend much of the night in celebrating, eg at a party 痛快地玩一晚上（如参加聚会）. ,night after `night for many nights in succession 一夜又一夜; 连着几夜. ,night and `day/,day and `night continuously; all the time 夜以继日; 日以继夜: * machines kept running night and day 日夜不停运转着的机器. a night `out evening spent enjoying oneself away from home 出外玩乐的一个晚上:

night1
* I enjoy an occasional night out at the theatre. 我偶尔晚上出去看看戏. ships that pass in the night => ship1. in the still of the night => still1 n. spend the night with sb => spend. things that go bump in the night => thing. turn ,night into `day do at night what is usually done during the day 以夜作昼; 昼夜颠倒. 派生： nightie (also nighty) n (infml 口) = night-dress. nightly adj, adv (happening, done, etc) at night or every night 夜间或每夜（发生、 做等）（的）: nightly performances 夜间演出 * a film show twice nightly 每晚放映两次的电影 * appearing nightly at the local theatre 每晚在地区剧院登台演出. nights adv (esp US) in the night-time repeatedly 夜夜: I can't sleep nights. 我夜里经常失眠. * He works nights. 他总在夜间工作. 复合： `night-bird n 1 bird (eg an owl) that is active at night 夜间活动的鸟（如猫头鹰）. 2 (fig infml 比喻, 口) person who is most active at night 夜间活动的人. night-`blindness n [U] inability to see properly in the dark or in dim light 夜盲. `nightcap n 1 (formerly) soft cap worn in bed （旧时）睡帽. 2 (usu alcoholic) drink taken before going to bed 睡前的饮料（通常指酒）. `night-club n club open until late at night for drinking, dancing, entertainment, etc 夜总会. `night-dress (also infml 口语作 nightie, nighty) n long loose garment worn by a woman or child in bed （女子或儿童的）长睡衣, 睡袍. `nightfall n [U] time when darkness comes; dusk 傍晚; 黄昏: We hope to be back by nightfall. 我们希望傍晚时能回来. `night-gown n = night-dress. `nightjar n night-bird with a long tail, like a swift's, and with a harsh cry 欧夜鹰. `night-life n [U] entertainments available at night in a particular town, area, etc 夜生活: There's not much night-life in this small town. 这个小镇里没有什麽夜生活.

night2
`night-light n small candle or bulb that is kept burning in a bedroom at night 通宵灯（卧室中彻夜不熄的小蜡烛或电灯）. `night-line n fishing line left in a lake, river, etc to catch fish at night 夜钓丝（夜间留在湖、 河等中的钓丝）. `night-long adj, adv throughout the night 通宵（的）; 彻夜（的）. `nightmare n 1 frightening dream 恶梦; 梦魇: I have nightmares about falling off a cliff. 我作恶梦梦见从悬崖上摔下来了. 2 (infml 口) very frightening or unpleasantexperience 非常可怕的或不愉快的经历: Driving during the blizzard was a nightmare. 在暴风雪中开车真吓人. nightmarish[5naitmeEriF; 5nait7meriF] adj. `night porter hotel porter on duty during the night （旅馆的）夜班服务员. `night safe safe in the outside wall of a bank where money, etc can be deposited when the bank is closed 夜间保险箱（装於银行外墙内的保险箱, 客户可在银行下班後将金钱等存放其中）. `night-school school where lessons are given in the evening for those who cannot attend classes during the day 夜校. `night shift (a) [CGp] group of workers at work duringthe night 夜班工作人员; 夜班班组: The night shift come/comes off at dawn. 夜班工作人员天亮时下班. (b) [C] time when these workers work 夜班: be on the night shift 上夜班. Cf 参看 day shift (day). `night-shirt n boy's or man's long shirt for sleeping in （男用）睡衣. `night-soil n [U] (euph 婉) human excrement removed from latrines, etc at night （夜间从粪坑中清除的）粪便. `nightstick n (US) policeman's truncheon 警棍. `night-time n time of darkness 夜间; 夜里: in the night-time 在夜间 * at night-time 在夜里. ,night-`watch n (person or group of people keeping) watch at night 守夜; 守夜者. ,night-`watchman[-mEn; -mEn] n (pl -men) man employed to guard a closed building (eg a factory) at night （受雇守卫建 物, 如工厂的）守夜者.

night3
NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Compare at night, by night, in the night, during the night, on a (...) night (...). 试比较at night、 by night、 in the night、 during the night、 on a (...) night (...)等词组. At night is used of something habitually happening during the hours of darkness *at night用以表示惯於在夜间发生的事: Nocturnal animals such as bats and owls only come out at night. 夜行动物, 如蝙蝠和猫头鹰只在夜里才出来. * I don't like driving at night. 我不喜欢在夜间开车. By night can cover the meanings of at night. *by night包括at night的意思. It is used especially when the conditions or circumstances of an action are being emphasized 但by night尤用以强调某活动的条件或环境: The enemy attacked by night, ie under cover of darkness. 敌人趁夜袭击（即有夜色作掩蔽）. In the night usually refers to the night immediately past *in the night通常指刚刚过去的那个夜晚: I'm exhausted. The baby woke up three times in the night. 我累坏了. 孩子夜里醒了叁次. During the night can also be used in this sense 这一含义也可用during the night来表示: Everything was quiet during the night. 昨夜万籁俱寂. On is used when the night in question is further defined 对night有所限定时, 要用on: on a night in May 五月的一 个夜晚 * on a cold winter's night 严冬的一个夜晚. For further information on prepositions of time, see the note on usage at time1. 欲进一步了解时间介词, 参看time1所附用法.

nightingale
[5naitiNgeil; - -tng-; 5naitngel] n small reddish-brown bird of the thrush family, the male of which sings tunefully by night as well as by day 歌鸲; 夜莺.

nightshade
[5nait-Feid; 5nait7Fed] n [U, C] any of several types of wild plant with poisonous berries 茄类植物: * deadly nightshade 颠茄.

nihilism
[5naiilizEm, 'nihil-; 5naiEl7izEm, 'nihEl-] n [U] 1 total rejection of all religious and moral beliefs （否认一切宗教信仰和道德观念的）虚无主义. 2 belief that nothing really exists （否认一切存在的）虚无主义. 派生： nihilist[-ist; -ist] n believer in nihilism 虚无主义者. nihilistic[7naii'listik, 7nihi'l-; 7naiE'listik, 7nihE'l-] adj of nihilism 虚无主义的.

nil
[nil; nil] n [U] nothing, esp as the score in games 无; （尤作比赛中的）零分: * Our team won the game three nil/three goals to nil, ie 3-0. 我们队以叁比零获胜. =>Usage at nought 用法见nought.

nimble
[5nimbl; 5nimbl] adj (-r[5nimblE(r); 5nimbll] , -st[5nimblist; 5nimblist] ) 1 able to move quickly and neatly; agile 迅速的; 敏捷的; 灵敏的; 灵活的: * as nimble as a goat 像山羊一样敏捷 * sewing with nimble fingers 以灵活的手指缝纫. 2 (fig 比喻) (of the mind) able to think quickly; sharp （指头脑）聪敏的, 敏锐的: * a lad with nimblewits 机敏的男孩儿. > nimbleness n [U]. nimbly/ 5nImblI; `nImblI/ adv.

nimbus
[5nimbEs; 5nimbEs] n (pl ~es[-bEsiz; -bEsiz] or -bi[-bai; -bai] ) 1 (in paintings, etc) bright circle shown round or over the head of a saint; halo （画等中的）（圣者头部四周或上方的）光环, 光轮. 2 rain cloud 雨云.

nincompoop
[5niNkEmpu:p; 5niNkEm7pup] n (infml 口) foolish person 傻瓜; 笨蛋.

nine
[nain; nain] pron, det 1 9; one more than eight 9, 九（个）. =>App 4 见附录4. 2 (idm 习语) ,nine to `five normal working hours in an office, etc 九时至五时（办公室等的正常工作时间）: * I work nine to five. 我上九点至五点的班. * [attrib 作定语] a nine-to-five job 九点上班五点下班的工作. 派生： nine n 1 the number 9 *9; 九. 2 (idm 习语) dressed up to the nines => dress2. nine- (in compounds 用以构成复合词) having nine of the thing specified 有九个...的: a nine-hole golf-course. ninth/nainW; nainW] pron, det 9th; next after eighth 第9, 第九（个）. n one of nine equal parts of sth 九分之一. ninthly adv. For the uses of nine and ninth see the examples at five and fifth. 关於nine和ninth的用法见five和fifth词条中的示例.

ninepin
[5nainpin; 5nain7pin] n 1 ninepins [sing v] game in which a ball is rolled along the floor at nine bottle-shaped blocks of wood in order to knock them down 九柱地滚球（沿地面滚球撞击九根瓶状木柱的游戏）. Cf 参看 skittle, tenpin bowling. 2 [C] any of these blocks of wood （九柱地滚球的）瓶状木柱. 3 (idm习语) ,go down like `ninepins fall or be knocked over, etc in great numbers （大量地）倒下, 打翻: * There's a lot of flu about people are going down (ie catching the disease) like ninepins. 流感正在蔓延--传染的人越来越多.

nineteen
[7nain'ti:n; nain'tin] pron, det 19; one more than eighteen 19, 十九（个）. =>App 4 见附录4. 派生： nineteen n the number 19 *19; 十九. nineteenth[7nain'ti:nW; nain'tinW] pron, det 19th; next after eighteenth 第19, 第十九（个）. n one of nineteen equal parts of sth 十九分之一. For the uses of nineteen and nineteenth see the examples at five and fifth. 关於nineteen和nineteenth的用法见five和fifth词条中的示例.

ninety
[5nainti; 5nainti] pron, det 90; one more than eighty-nine 90, 九十（个）. =>App 4 见附录4. 派生： ninetieth[5naintiEW; 5naintiEW] pron, det 90th; next after eighty-ninth 第90, 第九十（个）. n one of ninety equal parts of sth 九十分之一. ninety n 1 the number 90 *90; 九十. 2 the nineties [pl] numbers, years or temperature from 90 to 99 从90到99的数目、 年数或温度. 3 (idm 习语) in one's nineties between the ages of 90 and 100 在90岁到100岁之间. ninety-nine times out of a hundred almost always 几乎总是; 十之八九. For the uses of ninety and ninetieth see the examples at five and fifth. 关於ninety和ninetieth的用法见five和fifth词条中的示例.

ninny
[5nini; 5nini] n (infml 口) foolish person 傻瓜; 笨蛋: * Don't be such a ninny! 别这麽傻里傻气的!

nip
[nip; nip] v (-pp-) 1 (a) [Tn] press (sth) hard (eg between the finger and thumb, or the teeth, or with the claws as a crab does); pinch 捏住, 咬住, 夹住, 掐住（某物）: * A crab nipped my toe while I was paddling. 我 水时脚趾让螃蟹给夹了. * She nipped her finger in the door, ie between the door and the doorpost. 她的手指给门夹了. * The dog nipped me in the leg. 那狗咬了我的腿. (b) [I, Ipr] ~ (at sth) take small bites with the front teeth （用前牙）啃: * That dog nips! 那狗一点儿点儿地啃. * The dog was nipping at her ankles. 那狗咬着她的脚腕子了. 2 [Tn] (of frost, cold wind, etc) stop the growth of (plants); damage （指霜、 寒风等）伤害（植物）, 摧残: * The icy breeze nipped the young blooms. 寒风摧残了初绽的花朵. 3 [Ipr, Ip] (infml 口) move quickly; hurry 快速行动; 赶快行动: * Where did she nip off to? 她急急忙忙到哪儿去了? * He nipped in (ie got in quickly) just in front of me. 他赶在我前面进来. * I'll nip on ahead and open the door. 我要赶到前面去开门. * She has nipped out to the bank. 她急忙去银行了. =>Usage at whiz 用法见whiz. 4 (idm 习语) ,nip and `tuck a situation in which sth is narrowly avoided, or where there is close competition 极难避免的情况; 势均力敌: * The two runners contested the race closely it was nip and tuck all the way. 那两个赛跑选手竞争激烈--在赛程中一直不相上下. nip sth in the bud stop or destroy sth at an early stage in its development 将某事物阻止或消灭於萌芽中: * She wanted to be an actress, but her father soon nipped that idea in the bud. 她想当演员, 但她父亲一知道这个想法就阻止住了. 5 (phr v) nip sth in (in sewing) reduce the width of sth （缝纫）将某物改瘦: * nip the waist in 把腰身改瘦 * nip in the sides of a dress, eg by altering the seams 把连衣裙的两侧改瘦. nip sth off (sth) remove sth by nipping 掐掉某物:

nip1
* nip the shoots off (a plant) 掐掉花木的幼芽. 派生： nip n 1 sharp pinch or bite 捏; 箝; 夹; 咬: The dog gave me a nasty nip on the leg. 那狗在我腿上狠咬了一口. * a cold nip in the air, ie a feeling of frost 刺骨的寒气. 2 (infml 口) small drink, esp of spirits 少量（尤指烈酒）: a nip of brandy 少量的白兰地.

nipper
[5nipE(r); 5nipl] n 1 [C usu pl 通常作复数]claw of a crab, lobster, etc （蟹、 龙虾等的）螯. 2 nippers[pl] (infml 口) any tool for gripping or cutting, eg pincers 夹或剪的工具（如镊子）: * a pair of nippers 一把钳子. 3 [C] (Brit infml 口) small child 小孩儿: * a mother with two young nippers 带着两个子女的妇女 * He's a cheeky little nipper. 他是个小赖皮.

nipple
[5nipl; 5nipl] n 1 (a) small projection on the breast through which a baby sucks its mother's milk （女子的）乳头, 奶头. (b) similar projection on the chest of a human male （男子的）乳头. Cf 参看 teat. =>illus at human 见human插图. 2 = teat. 3 thing shaped like a nipple 似乳头之物: * `grease nipples, ie for squirting grease into machinery 油脂喷嘴.

nippy
[5nipi; 5nipi] adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) 1 nimble; quick 敏捷的; 快的: * a nippy little car 速度快的小汽车. 2 cold; chilly 冷的; 寒冷的: * It's jolly nippy today, isn't it? 今天可够冷的, 是吧?

nirvana
[niE'va:nE; nir'vanE] n [U] (in Buddhism and Hinduism) state of perfect bliss in which the individual becomes absorbed into the supreme spirit （佛教和印度教的）ǜ盘.

Nissen hut
[5nisn hQt; 5nisn7hQt] tunnel-shaped hut made of curved sheets of corrugated iron covering a concrete floor 尼森式简易房屋.

nit
[nit; nit] n 1 (egg of a) louse or other parasitic insect 虱或其他寄生虫（的卵）. 2 (infml 口 esp Brit) = nitwit. 复合： `nit-picking adj, n [U] (derog 贬) finding fault in a petty way 挑剔（的）; 刻薄（的）: nit-picking criticism 刻薄的批评.

nitrate
[5naitreit; 5naitret] n [U, C] salt formed by the chemical reaction of nitric acid with an alkali, esp potassium nitrate or sodium nitrate, used as fertilizers 硝酸盐; （尤指作肥料用的）硝酸钾, 硝酸钠: * soil enriched with nitrates 施硝酸盐肥料的土壤.

nitre
(US niter)[5naitE(r); 5naitl] n [U] potassium or sodium nitrate; saltpetre 硝酸钾; 硝酸钠; 硝石.

nitric
[5naitrik; 5naitrik] adj of or containing nitrogen 氮的; 含氮的. 复合： nitric acid clear colourless powerful acid that corrodes and destroys most substances 硝酸.

nitro-glycerine
(also esp US -glycerin)[7naitrEu 'glisEri:n;- -rin; 7naitrE'glisErin] n [U] powerful explosive made by adding glycerine to a mixture of nitric acid and sulphuric acid 硝化甘油; 甘油叁硝酸酯.

nitrogen
[5naitrEdVEn; 5naitrEdVEn] n [U] chemical element, a gas without colour, taste or smell that forms about four-fifths of the atmosphere 氮. =>App 10 见附录10. > nitrogenous/nai'trCdVinEs; nai'tradVEnEs] adj.

nitrous
[5naitrEs; 5naitrEs] adj of or like nitre 硝石的; 似硝石的. 复合： ,nitrous `oxide (also laughing-gas) gas sometimes used as an anaesthetic, esp by dentists 氧化亚氮, 笑气（有时用作麻醉剂, 尤用於牙科）.

nitty
gritty

nitwit
[5nitwit; 5nit7wit] (also nit) n (infml 口) stupid or foolish person 笨蛋; 傻瓜: * Why did you do that, you nitwit? 你这傻瓜, 为什麽做那种事? 派生： nitwitted[7nit'witid; 7nit'witid] adj (infml 口) stupid; foolish 蠢的; 笨的; 傻的.

nix
[niks; niks] n [U] (sl 俚) nothing 没有; 无: * It cost me absolutely nix. 我一分钱没花.

no
nonsense

no1
,no-claims `bonus sum deducted from the money paid annually, esp by a motorist, for insurance after a year when no claims are made 无索偿优惠（自每年投保金额中扣除的, 尤指对机动车主的）. ,no-`go area area to which entry is forbidden to certain people or groups 禁区（禁止某些人或团体进入的地区）. Cf 参看 no go (go1). `no man's land (in war) ground between the fronts of two opposing armies （战争时两军阵前的）无人地带. `no one = nobody. no-`show n (infml 口) person who has a ticket for a journey by air, rail or sea but does not use it 有飞机票、 火车票或船票而不使用的人.

nob
[nCb; nab] n (sl derog 俚, 贬 esp Brit) upper-class, important or high-ranking person 上流社会人物; 要人; 地位高的人: * He acts as if he's one of the nobs. 他装得像个大人物似的.

nobble
[5nCbl; 5nabl] v (Brit sl 俚) [Tn] 1 tamper with (a racehorse) so that it is less likely to win a race 对（参赛的马）做手脚（使之不易获胜）. 2 influence or get the favour of (sb), esp by unfair or illegal means 影响（某人）, 受到（某人）的偏袒（尤指用不公平的或非法的手段）: * nobble (eg bribe) the judge before a trial 在审判前贿赂法官. 3 get (sth) dishonestly or by devious means 以不正当的手段取得（某事物）. 4 catch (a criminal) 逮捕（罪犯）.

Nobel Prize
[nEu7bel 'praiz; 5no7bel 'praiz] each of six international prizes awarded each year for outstanding achievements in the fields of science, literature and the promotion of world peace 诺贝尔奖: * the winner of this year's Nobel Prize for chemistry 诺贝尔化学奖今年的获奖者.

nobility
[nEu'bilEti; no'bilEti] n 1 [U] quality of being noble in mind, character, birth or rank 高尚的思想或品格; 高贵的出身或地位: * Her nobility of character made her much admired. 她的高尚品格令人钦佩. 2 the nobility [Gp] people of noble birth or rank 贵族: * a member of the British nobility 英国贵族的一员 * marry into the nobility 与贵族成员结婚. Cf 参看 aristocracy.

noble
[5nEubl; 5nobl] adj (-r[5nEublE(r); 5nobll] , -st/ 5nEUblIst; `noblIst/) 1 belonging to the aristocracy by birth or rank 贵族的; 贵族出身的; 贵族阶层的: * a family of noble descent 世袭的贵族家庭. 2 having or showing an excellent character; not petty or mean 高尚的; 高贵的; 崇高的: * a noble leader, mind, gesture 伟大的领袖、 高尚的思想、 高雅的姿态 * noble sentiments 高尚的情操 * It was noble of you to accept a lower salary to help the company. 你为了帮助公司而接受低工资真是难能可贵. 3 impressive in size, appearance, etc; splendid （大小、 外貌等）给人深刻印象的; 卓越的; 非凡的: * a noble building, horse 宏伟的建 、 骏马 * a woman with a noble bearing 举止高雅的女子. 派生： noble n person of noble birth or rank 贵族的成员. nobly[5nEubli; 5nobli] adv in a noble manner; splendidly高尚地; 高贵地; 华贵地: * nobly born 出身高贵 * thoughts nobly expressed 表现崇高的思想. 复合： `nobleman[-mEn; -mEn] (pl -men), `noblewoman (pl -women) ns person of noble birth or rank; peer or peeress 出身高贵的人; 贵族阶层的人; 贵族的成员. Cf 参看 aristocrat.

noblesse oblige
[nEu7bles E'bli:V; no'bles E'bliV] (French saying 法, 谚) people with high rank, privilege, etc must accept the responsibilities that go with their position 位高则任重.

nobody
[5nEubEdi; 5nobEdi] (also no one[5nEuwQn;'no7wQn] ) neg pron not anybody; no person 没有人; 无人: * Nobody came to see me. 没人来看我. * When I arrived there was nobody there. 我到的时候那里没人. * He found that nobody could speak English. 他发觉没人会说英语. * Nobody remembered to sign their names.谁也没记着应当签名. =>Usage at somebody 用法见somebody. 派生： nobody n unimportant person 不重要的人; 小人物: He was just a nobody before he met her. 他认识她之前只是个小人物. * Your friends are all just a bunch of nobodies. 你的朋友都不过是无名之辈.

nocturnal
[nCk'tE:nl; nak'tEnl] adj 1 of or in the night; done or happening in the night 夜间的; 在夜间的; 在夜间做的; 在夜间发生的: * a nocturnal visit, trip, etc 夜访、 夜行. 2 (of creatures) active during the night （指生物）夜间活动的: * nocturnal birds, eg owls 夜间活动的鸟（如猫头鹰）. > nocturnally adv.

nocturne
[5nCktE:n; 5naktEn] n 1 soft dreamy piece of music 夜曲; 梦幻曲. 2 painting of a night scene （画的）夜景.

nod
[nCd; nad] v (-dd-) 1 [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (to/at sb) move (the head) down and then up again quickly to show agreement, or as a greeting or command 点头: * The teacher nodded in agreement. 老师同意地点点头. * I asked her if she wanted to come and she nodded. 我问她是否想来, 她点了点头. * She nodded (to me) as she passed. 她从我身边走过时向我点头致意. * Why are you nodding (your head) if you disagree? 你若不同意为什麽要点头呢? 2 [Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr, Dpr.t]~ sth (to sb) indicate sth by nodding 点头示意: * She nodded her approval. 她点头表示赞成. * He nodded me a welcome/nodded a welcome to me. 他对我点点头表示欢迎. * He nodded to me to leave the room. 他向我点头示意让我离开房间. 3 [I] let one's head fall forward when drowsy or asleep 垂着头打瞌睡; 打盹: * The old lady sat nodding by the fire. 那老太太坐在火炉旁打瞌睡. 4 [I] (of flowers, etc) bend downwards and sway （指花等）垂下并摇摆: * nodding pansies 摇摆着的叁色堇. 5 [I] make a mistake because of lack of alertness or attention （因不机警或不留心）犯错误. 6 (idm 习语) have a nodding acquaintance with sb/sth know sb/sth slightly 与某人有点头之交; 对某事物略知一二: * I have no more than a nodding acquaintance with her novels. 我对她写的小说不甚了解. Homer (sometimes) nods (saying 谚) even the best, greatest, etc people occasionally make mistakes 荷马也有打盹的时候（最杰出、 最伟大的人偶尔也犯错误）; 智者千虑, 必有一失. 7 (phr v) nod off (infml 口) fall asleep 睡着: * I often nod off for a little while after lunch. 我在午饭後常睡一小觉. 派生： nod n 1 act of nodding the head 点头: She gave me a nod as she passed. 她走过时朝我点一下头. 2 (idm 习语) the Land of Nod => land1. a nod is as good as a wink (to a blind horse) (saying 谚) a hint, suggestion,etc can be understood without being explicitly stated 暗示已足, 不必明言. on the `nod (infml 口) (a) (Brit) with formal assent and without discussion 未经讨论而正式表示赞成: The proposal went through (ie was approved) on the nod. 提议未经讨论而通过.

nod1
(b) (esp Brit) on credit 赊购: buy sth on the nod 赊购某物.

noddle
[5nCdl; 5nadl] n (infml 口) head 头; 脑袋.

node
[nEud; nod] n 1 (botany 植) (a) knob on a root or branch （根或枝上的）瘤, 节. (b) point on the stem of a plant where a leaf or bud grows out 茎节（长叶或发芽的部位）. 2 hard swelling, eg on a joint in the human body 硬结（如生於人体关结处的）. 3 (physics 物) point or line in a vibrating body that remains still （物理）波节（振动体的静止点或线）. 4 (mathematics 数) point at which a curve crosses itself （数学）结点（曲线本身的交点）; 叉点. > nodal[5nEudl; 5nodl] adj.

nodule
[5nCdju:l; - 'nCdVu:l; 5nadVul] n small rounded lump or swelling 小圆块; 小瘤. 派生： nodular[-lE(r); -ll] , nodulated[-leitid; -letid] adjs having nodules 有小圆块的; 有瘤块的.

Noel
[nEu'el; no'el] n (esp in carols) Christmas （尤用於圣诞颂歌中）圣诞节.

noggin
[5nCgin; 5nagin] n 1 small measure of alcoholic drink, usu pint （酒的）少量（通常为品脱）. 2 (infml口) head 头; 脑袋.

nohow
[5nEuhau; 5no7hau] adv (dialect or infml 方或口) in no way; not at all 决不; 毫不: * We couldn't fix it nohow. 我们怎麽也不能把它固定住.

noise
[nCiz; nCiz] n 1 [C, U] sound, esp when it is loud, unpleasant, confused or unwanted 声音; 响声; （尤指）噪声, 噪音, 杂音: * the noise of jet aircraft 喷气飞机发出的噪声 * I heard a rattling noise. 我听见格登格登的响声. * What's that noise? 那是什麽响? * Who's making those strange noises? 谁弄出的那种怪声? * Don't make so much noise. 别那麽吵闹. 2 noises [pl] conventional remarks (used esp as in the expressions shown) 应酬话（尤用於下列示例）: * She made polite noises about my work. 她对我的工作情况说了些客套话. * He made all the right noises. 他说了许多得体的应酬话. 3 (idm 习语) a big noise => big. make a noise (about sth) talk or complain loudly 高声谈论或抱怨: * She made a lot of noise about the poor food. 她高声抱怨食物太差. 派生： noise v (phr v) noise sth abroad (dated or fml 旧或文) make sth publicly known 张扬某事: It is being noised abroad that he has been arrested. 他被捕的事已满城风雨. noiseless adj making little or no noise 无声的; 静的: with noiseless footsteps 以无声的脚步. noiselessly adv. noiselessness n [U].

noisome
[5nCisEm; 5nCisEm] adj (fml 文) offensive; disgusting; stinking 令人不快的; 令人讨厌的; 有臭味的: * a noisome sight, smell, etc 令人讨厌的情景、 气味等.

noisy
[5nCizi; 5nCizi] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 making or accompanied by a lot of noise 吵闹的; 发出噪声的: * noisy children 吵闹的孩子们 * noisy games 伴有喧闹声的游戏 * Don't be so noisy! Jim's asleep. 别那麽吵! 吉姆睡觉呢. 2 full of noise 喧闹的; 嘈杂的: * a noisy classroom, playground, etc 乱哄哄的教室、 操场等 * I can't work in here it's far too noisy. 我无法在这里工作--太吵了. > noisily[-ili; -ili] adv. noisiness n [U].

nom de plume
[7nCm dE 'plu:m; 5namdE7plum] n (pl noms de plume[7nCm dE 'plu:m; namdE7plum] ) (French 法) = pseudonym.

nomad
[5nEumd; 5nomAd] n 1 member of a tribe that wanders from place to place looking for pasture for its animals and having no fixed home 游牧部落的人. 2 (fig 比喻) wanderer 流浪者. 派生： nomadic/nEu'mdik; no'mAdik] adj of nomads; wandering 游牧的; 流浪的: * a nomadic existence, society 游牧的生活方式、 社会.

nomenclature
[ nE5menklEtFE(r); ?@ 5nEUmEnkleItFEr; `nomEn9kletFL] n (fml 文) (a) [C, U] system of naming, esp in a particular branch of science 命名法（尤指某学科的）: * botanical nomenclature 植物命名法 * the nomenclature of chemistry 化学术语命名法. (b) [U] names used in such a system （依命名法采用的）名称, 学名.

nominal
[5nCminl; 5namEnl] adj 1 existing, etc in name only; not real or actual 名义上的; 不实际的; 不真实的: * the nominal ruler of the country 名义上的国家统治者 * the nominal value of the shares 股份的面值 * She is only the nominal chairman: * the real work is done by somebody else. 她只是名义上的主席, 实际工作是别人做的. 2 (of a sum of money, etc) very small, but paid because some payment is necessary （指一笔钱等）很少的, 象徵性的: * a nominal rent, ie one very much below the actual value of the property 象徵性租金（远低於实际租金） * She charged only a nominal fee for her work. 她为所做工作只收取象徵性费用. 3 (grammar) of a noun or nouns 名词的. > nominally[-nEli; -nli] adv.

nominate
[5nCmineit; 5namE7net] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.n/a,Cn.t] ~ sb (for/as sth) formally propose that sb should be chosen for a position, office, task, etc 提名某人（为某职位、 职务、 任务等的候选人）: * (infml 口) I nominate Tom to make the tea. 我建议汤姆去沏茶. * She has been nominated (as candidate) for the Presidency. 她已被提名为总统（候选人）. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.n/a] ~ sb (to/as sth) appoint sb to an office 任命某人（任某职）; 指定; 指派: * be nominated to a committee 被任命为委员会委员 * The board nominated her as the new director. 董事会指定她为新董事. 3 [Tn, Cn.n/a] ~ sth (as sth) formally decide on (a date or place) for an event, meeting, etc 确定（某事、 会议等的日期或地点）: * 1 December has been nominated as the day of the election. 已指定12月1日为选举日.

nomination
[7nCmi'neiFn; 7namE'neFEn] n (a) [U] nominating or being nominated 提名; 任命. (b) [C] instance of this 提名; 任命: * How many nominations have there been (ie How many people have been nominated) so far? 到现在已提名多少人了?

nominative
[5nCminEtiv; 5namEnEtiv] n special form of a noun, a pronoun or an adjective used (in some inflected languages) when it is the subject, or is in agreement with the subject, of a verb 主格: * Is this noun in the nominative? 这个名词是主格形式的吗? 派生： nominative adj of or in the nominative 主格的: `I', `we', `she' and `they' are all nominative pronouns. I、 we、 she、 they都是主格形式的代词.

nominee
[7nCmi'ni:; 7namE'ni] n person who is nominated for an office, a position, etc 被提名的候选人; 被任命的人.

non
observance

non sequitur
[7nCn 'sekwitE(r); nan'sekwitl] n (Latin 拉) statement that does not follow logically from the previous statement(s) or argument(s) 不根据前提的推理: * This non sequitur invalidates his argument. 他不根据前提推理因而论证无效.

non-
pref 前缀 (used widely with ns, adjs and advs 可与 许多名词、 形容词、 副词连用) not 不; 非; 无: nonsense * non-fiction * non-alcoholic * non-profit-making * non-committally. =>Usage at un- 用法见un.

nonage
[5nEunidV; 5nonidV] n [U] (fml 文) state of being under full legal age; minority(2) 未成年.

nonagenarian
[7nCnEdVi'neEriEn; 7nanEdVE'neriEn] n, adj (person who is) of any age from 90 to 99 90至99岁的（人）.

nonce
[nCns; nans] n (idm 习语) for the nonce (dated or rhet 旧或修辞) (a) for this one occasion only 只限於这一场合. (b) for the time being 目前; 暂时. 复合： `nonce-word n word invented for one particular occasion 临时词语（为某场合而杜撰的）.

nonchalant
[5nCnFElEnt; 5nanFElEnt] adj not feeling or showing interest or enthusiasm; calm and casual 不感兴趣的; 不热心的; 不激动的; 漠不关心的: * She defeated all her rivals for the job with nonchalant ease. 她从容不迫地击败求职的所有竞争者. > nonchalance[-lEns;-lEns] n [U]: * Beneath his apparent nonchalance he is as nervous and excited as the rest of us. 他外表上冷静, 实际上跟我们一样紧张不安. nonchalantly adv.

nonconformist
[7nCnkEn5fC:mist; 7nankEn5fCrmist] n, adj 1 (person) who does not conform to normal socialconventions 不遵循社会常规的（人）. 2 Nonconformist(member) of a (usu Protestant) sect that does not conform to the beliefs and practices of the Church of England 不信奉国教（通常为新教）派的（教徒）. Cf 参看 dissenter (dissent2). 派生： nonconformity n [U] 1 (also nonconform-ism) failure to conform to normal social conventions 不遵循社会常规. 2 (also nonconformism) beliefs and practices of Nonconformist sects 不信奉国教派的教义; 不信奉国教. 3 lack of correspondence between things 不一致; 不符合.

nondescript
[5nCndiskript; 5nandi7skript] n, adj (personor thing) without a distinctive character and so not easily classified 无明显特徵而不易分类的（人或事物）: * He's such a nondescript you'd never notice him in a crowd. 他没有什麽特徵, 在人群里决显不出他来. * a nondescript landscape, face, voice 无特点的风景、 面孔、 嗓音 * nondescript clothes 难以归类的衣服.

none
[nQn; nQn] indef pron 1 (a) ~ (of sb/sth) (referring back to a plural n or pron 用以复指前文的复数名词或代词) not one; not any 一个也没有; 毫无: * We had three cats once none (of them) is/are alive now. 我们曾有叁只猫--现在一个活的也没有了. (b) ~ of sb/sth (referring forward to a plural n or pron 用以预指後文的复数名词或代词) not one; not any 一个也没有; 毫无: * None of the guests wants/want to stay. 客人中没有一个想留下不走的. (Cf 参看 They none of them want to stay.) * None of them has/have come back yet 他们谁也没回来. 2 (a) ~ (of sb/sth) (referring back to a [U] n or pron 用以复指前文的不可数名词或代词) not any 毫无: * I wanted some string but there was none in the house. 我需要一些绳子, 但家里一根也没有. * `Is there any bread left?’ `No, none at all.’ ‘还有面包吗?’‘一点儿也没有了.’ (b) ~ of sb/sth (referring forward to a [U] n or pron 用以预指後文的不可数名词或代词) not any 毫无: * None of this money is mine. 这笔钱没有一点是我的. * I want none of your cheek! ie Stop being cheeky! 别那麽厚脸皮! * I'll have none of (ie I do not wish to take part in) your wild ideas. 我可不想参与你那异想天开的计画. 3 (fml 文) (with comparatives and than 与比较级和than连用) nobody 无人; 没有一个人: * He is aware, none better than he, that... 谁也没有他更清楚地知道... * The choir sang sweetly, and none more so than the Welsh boy. 唱诗班唱得很悦耳, 尤其是没人比得上那个威尔士男孩儿. 4 (idm 习语) `none but only 仅; 只: * None but the best is good enough for my child. 只有最好的才配得上我的孩子. * (saying 谚) None but the brave deserves the fair. 只有勇士才配得到美人. none `other than (used for emphasis 用以加强语气): * The new arrival was none other than the President. 刚到达的不是别人, 正是总统. 派生： none adv 1 (used with the and a comparative 与the和比较级连用) not at all 毫不; 毫无: After hearing her talk on computers I'm afraid I'm none the wiser. 我听了她关於计算机的讲话之後似乎毫无收获.

none1
* He's none the worse for falling into the river. 他跌进河里但什麽事也没有. 2 (used with too and adjs or advs 与too和形容词或副词连用) not very 不很; 不太: The salary they pay me is none too high. 他们付给我的薪水不太高. 复合： ,none the `less nevertheless 尽管如此; 依然; 然而: It's not cheap but I think we should buy it none the less. 这个虽然不便宜, 但我觉得我们还是应该买.

nonentity
[nC'nentEti; nan'entEti] n 1 (derog 贬) person without any special qualities or achievements; unimportant person 无专长或成就的人; 庸人; 不重要的人: * How could such a nonentity become chairman of the company? 这样的庸才怎麽能当公司的董事长? 2 thing that does not exist or exists only in the imagination 不存在的事物; 想像中的事物.

nonesuch
(also nonsuch)[5nQnsQtF; 5nQn7sQtF] n [sing] (fml 文) person or thing that is better than all others 出类拔萃的人或物; 精英; 精品. Cf 参看 nonpareil.

nonpareil
[7nCnpE'reil; - -'rel; 7nanpE'rel] n [sing], adj [attrib 作定语] (fml 文) (person or thing) without an equal or rival 无双的, 无匹的（人或物）. Cf 参看 nonesuch.

nonplus
[7nCn'plQs; nan'plQs] v (-ss-; US -s-) [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] surprise or puzzle (sb) greatly 使（某人）惊讶或困惑: * I was completely nonplussed by his sudden appearance. 他突然出现使我大吃一惊.

nonsense
[5nCnsns; - -sens; 5nansens] n 1 [U] meaningless words 无意义的词语: * jumble up the words in a sentence to produce nonsense 打乱句子的词序而失去意义 * This so-called translation is pure nonsense. 这种所谓的翻译纯粹一窍不通. 2 (a) [U, sing] foolish talk,ideas, etc 胡说; 废话; 荒唐念头; 糊涂想法: * You're talking nonsense! 你胡说八道! * `I won't go.’ `Nonsense! You must go!’ ‘我不去.’‘胡说! 你必须去!’ * This discovery makes (a) nonsense of (ie clearly disproves) previous theories. 这一发现证明了过去的理论不能成立. (b) [U] foolish or unacceptable behaviour 愚蠢的行为; 胡闹: * Stop that nonsense, children, and get into bed! 别胡闹了, 孩子们, 都睡觉去! * He won't stand any nonsense from the staff. 他决不容忍员工胡作非为. 3 (idm 习语) stuff and nonsense => stuff1. 派生： nonsensical/nCn'sensikl; nan'sensikl] adj not making sense; absurd 无意义的; 不合理的; 荒谬的: * a nonsensical sentence, remark, suggestion, etc 荒谬的句子、 言词、 建议等. nonsensically[-kli; -kli] adv.

noodle
1[5nu:dl; 5nudl] n (usu pl 通常作复数) long thin strip made of flour-and-water or flour-and-egg paste and used in soups, with sauces, etc 面条: * Chinese food is often served with rice or noodles. 中餐常有米饭或面条. * [attrib 作定语] chicken noodle soup 鸡汤面. Cf 参看 pasta.

nook
[nuk; nuk] n 1 sheltered quiet place or corner 隐蔽而安静的地方或角落: * a shady nook in the garden 花园中荫凉幽静的角落. 2 (idm 习语) every ,nook and `cranny (infml 口) every part of a place; everywhere 某地方的各处; 到处: * I've searched every nook and cranny but I still can't find the keys. 我找遍所有的地方也没找到钥匙.

noon
[nu:n; nun] n [sing] (fml 文) (used without a or the 不用冠词a或the) 12 o'clock in the middle of the day; midday 正午; 中午: * They arrived at noon. 他们是中午到的. * My lecture's at twelve noon. 我的课在中午十二点. * She stayed until noon. 她呆到中午才走. * He has been working since noon. 他从中午就开始工作了. * [attrib 作定语] the noon bell, ie bell rung at noon 正午的钟声. 复合： `noonday[-dei; -7de] `noontide[-taid; -7taid] ns [sing] (dated or rhet 旧或修辞) midday 中午: * [attrib 作定语] the noonday sun 中午的太阳.

noose
[nu:s; nus] n 1 loop in one end of a rope, with a knot that allows the loop to be tightened as the other end of the rope is pulled 索套; 活结; 活套: * He's facing the hangman's noose, ie waiting to be hanged. 他面临绞刑. =>illus 见插图. 2 (idm 习语) put one's head in the noose => head1.

nope
[nEup; nop] interj (sl 俚) no! 不!

nor
[nC:(r); nCr] conj, adv 1 (used after neither or not 用於neither或not之後) and not 也不; 也没: * He has neither talent nor the desire to learn. 他既无天分也不想学习. * Not a leaf nor an insect stirred. 不单是树叶, 连个虫子都不动. 2 (fml 文) (used with aux vs and modal vs, with the subject following the v 与助动词和情态动词连用, 句中主语与动词倒置) and...not...either ...也不: * He can't see, nor could he hear until a month ago. 他现在看不见, 一个月之前他还听不见. * She isn't rich; nor do I imagine that she ever will be. 她现在不富, 我看她将来也富不了. * It won't arrive today. Nor tomorrow. 今天到不了. 明天也不会到. * Nor am I aware that anyone else knows the secret. 我也不知道别人谁还能知道这个秘密. Cf 参看 neither.

Nordic
[5nC:dik; 5nCrdik] adj 1 of the countries of Scandinavia 斯堪的纳维亚国家的. 2 of the European racial type that is tall, with blue eyes and blond hair 北欧人的, 有北欧人特徵的（身材高大、 蓝眼、 金发）: * Nordic features, peoples 有北欧人特徵的相貌、 民族.

norm
[nC:m; nCrm] n 1 (usu with the when sing 作单数时通常与the连用) standard or pattern that is typical (of a group, etc) 标准; 规范: * Criminal behaviour seems to be the norm in this neighbourhood. 犯罪行为似乎是这一带的正常现象. * You must adapt to the norms of the society you live in. 在社会中生活就要遵循社会行为准则. 2 [C] (in some industries) amount of work expected or required in a working day （在某些工业中）每一工作日的标准工作量: * fulfil one's norm 完成自己一日的标准工作量 * There's a production norm below which each worker must not fall. 每个工人的产量都不得低於生产指标.

normal
[5nC:ml; 5nCrml] adj 1 in accordance with what is typical, usual or regular 正常的; 常态的; 正规的: * the normal time, place, method, position 通常的时间、 地点、 方法、 位置 * normal behaviour, thinking, views 正确的行为、 思想、 观点 * in the normal course of events 在事情的一般发展过程中 * the normal temperature of the human body 人体的正常温度 * Weeping is a normal response to pain. 哭泣是痛苦的正常反应. 2 free from mental or emotional disorder 心理正常的; 精神健全的: * People who commit crimes like that aren't normal. 犯这种罪的人心理都不正常. Cf 参看 abnormal. 派生： normal n [U] usual state, level, standard, etc 常态; 正常; 标准: Her temperature is above/below normal. 她的体温高於[低於]正常标准. * Things have returned to normal. 事情已恢复常态. normality/nC:'mAlEti; nCr'mAlEti] (also esp US normalcy[5nC:mlsi; 5nCrmlsi] ) n [U] state of being normal 常态; 正常. normalize, -ise[5nC:mElaiz; 5nCrml7aiz] v 1 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become normally friendly again after a period of dispute （使某事）正常, 正常化: * Relations between our two countries have normalized. 我们两国的关系已恢复正常. * Our relationship has been normalized.我们的关系正常了. 2 [Tn] make (sth) regular in pattern or as expected 使（某事物）合标准、 合规格或要求: * The editors have normalized the author's rather unusual spelling. 编辑已将作者不太规范的拼写改正过来. normalization, -isation[7nC:mElai'zeiFn; - -li'z-;7nCrmlE'zeFEn] n [U]. normally[5nC:mEli; 5nCrmli] adv.

Norman
[5nC:mEn; 5nCrmEn] adj 1 (architecture 建) of the style introduced into England in the 11th century by invaders from Normandy in France (Normans) 诺曼式的（11世纪法国诺曼底入侵者引进英国的风格）: * a Norman arch, cathedral, etc 诺曼式拱顶、 大教堂等. 2 of the Normans 诺曼人的: * the Norman Conquest, ie the invasion of England by Normans in the 11th century 诺曼征服（诺曼人於11世纪入侵英格兰）.

normative
[5nC:mEtiv; 5nCrmEtiv] adj (fml 文) describing or setting standards or rules of language, behaviour, etc, which should be followed （语言、 行为等）标准的, 规范的: * A normative grammar of a language describes how its authors think the language should be spoken or written. 规范语法阐述的是该派语法学家认为的某语言的口语或书面语的标准形式.

Norse
[nC:s; nCrs] n [U] (also Old Norse) language of ancient Scandinavia, esp Norway 古代斯堪的纳维亚语; （尤指）古代挪威语. 派生： Norse adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] of ancient Scandinavia, esp Norway 古代斯堪的纳维亚的; （尤指）古代挪威的: Norse myths and legends 古代斯堪的纳维亚神话和传奇.

north
[nC:W; nCrW] n [sing] (abbr 缩写 N) 1 (esp with the 尤与the连用) one of the four main points of the compass, lying to the left of a person facing the sunrise 北; 北方: * cold winds from the north 寒冷的北风 * He lives to the north of here. 他住在这里以北的地方. * Do you know which way is north? 你知道哪边是北方吗? Cf 参看 east, south, west. 2 the north, the North part of any country, etc that lies further in this direction than other parts 北部: * the North of England 英格兰北部 * The north is less expensive to live in than the south. 北方的生活费用比南方低. 派生： north adj [attrib 作定语] (a) of, in or towards the north 北方的; 在北方的; 向北的; 朝北的: the North Star, ie the pole-star 北极星 * the North Pole 北极 * the north wall, ie the one facing north 北墙（朝北的墙）. (b) coming from the north 来自北方的: a north wind, ie blowing from the north 北风 * a north light, ie from the north 从北面来的光线. north adv to or towards the north 在北方; 向北方: sail, drive, walk, etc north 向北航行、 行驶、 走等. northerly[5nC:TEli; 5nCrTlli] adj 1 (of winds) from the north （指风）从北面来的. 2 to, towards or in the north 到、 向或在北方的: * travel in a northerly direction 向北走. n northerly wind 北风: * Cold northerlies will bring rain to Scotland this week. 寒冷的北风本星期将给苏格兰带来雨水. northwards[5nC:WwEdz; 5nCrWwldz] (also northward)adv towards the north 向北方. =>Usage at forward2 用法见forward2. 复合： `northbound travelling or leading in a northerly direction 北行的; 向北方的: northbound traffic 北行车辆 * the northbound carriageway of the M6 通向北方的6号车道. the `North Country the northern part of England 英格兰的北部. ,North-`countryman[-mEn; -mEn] n native of the North of England 英格兰北部的人.

north1
,north-`east (sometimes, esp nautical, nor'-east/ 9nR:r5i:st; nRr`ist/ 有时作nor'-east, 尤於航海用语中) n [sing], adj, adv (abbr 缩写 NE) (region, direction, etc) midway between north and east （地区、 方向等）东北. ,north`easter n strong wind, storm, etc from the north-east 东北大风; 东北风暴. ,north-`easterly adj (of direction) towards the north-east; (of wind) blowing from the north-east （指方向）向东北的; （指风）从东北吹来的. n such a wind 东北风. ,north-`eastern[-'i:stEn;-'istln] adj of, from or situated in the north-east 东北的; 来自东北的; 在东北的. ,north-`eastwards[-'i:stwEdz;-'istwldz] (also ,north-`eastward) adv towards the north-east 向东北. the ,North `Pole the northernmost point of the Earth 北极. ,north-`west (sometimes, esp nautical, nor'-west[7nC:'west; nCr'west] 有时作nor'-west, 尤於航海用语中) n [sing], adj, adv (abbr 缩写 NW) (region, direction, etc) midway between north and west （地区、 方向等）西北. ,north`wester n strong wind, storm, etc from the north-west 西北大风; 西北风暴. ,north-`westerly adj (of direction) towards the north-west; (of wind) blowing from the north-west （指方向）向西北的; （指风）从西北来的. n such a wind 西北风. ,north-`western[-'westEn;-'westln] adj of, from or situated in the north-west 西北的; 来自西北的; 在西北的. ,north-`westwards[- 5westwEdz; -`wZstwLdz/ (also ,north-`westward) adv towards the north-west 向西北.

northern
[5nC:TEn; 5nCrTln] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of or in the north 北方的; 在北方的: * the northern region, frontier, climate 北方的地区、 边界、 气候 * the northern hemisphere 北半球. 派生： northerner[5nC:TEnE(r); 5nCrTlnl] n person born or living in the northern part of a country 北方人. northernmost[-mEust; -7most] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] lying farthest to the north 最北的; 极北的. 复合： the ,northern `lights => aurora 1.

Nos
(also nos) abbr 缩写 = numbers.

nose
1[nEuz; noz] n 1 [C] part of the face above the mouth, used for breathing and smelling 鼻子: * give sb a punch on the nose 打某人鼻子一拳. =>illus at head 见插图head. =>Usage at body 用法见body. 2 [C] thing like a nose in shape or position, eg the front of an aircraft body, the front of a car, etc （形状或位置）似鼻子的东西（如飞机的机首、 汽车的前端等）: * He brought the aircraft's nose up and made a perfect landing. 他拉起机头, 平稳地降落下来. =>illus at aircraft 见aircraft插图. 3 [sing] (a) sense of smell 嗅觉: * a dog with a good nose 嗅觉灵敏的狗. (b) ~ for sth (infml 口) an ability to detect or find sth 探查或发现某事物的能力: * a reporter with a nose for news, scandal, etc 善於搜寻新闻、 丑闻等的记者. 4 (idm 习语) be no skin off one's nose => skin. blow one's nose => blow1. by a nose by a very small margin 以少许之差: * The horse won by a nose. 那匹马以微弱优势险胜. * The candidate lost the election by a nose. 那候选人以微弱之差竞选失败. ,cut off one's ,nose to ,spite one's `face (infml 口) hurt oneself in trying to take revenge on sb else 想报复别人而害了自己: * If you refuse her help because you're angry with her, you're cutting off your nose to spite your face. 你要是因为跟她赌气而拒绝她的帮助, 那你是自讨苦吃. follow one's nose => follow. get up sb's `nose (sl 俚) annoy sb 惹恼某人; 使人生厌: * Her cheeky remarks really get up my nose! 她那些不要脸的话真惹我生气! have one's nose in sth (infml 口) read sth very attentively 专心地阅读某物: * Peter's always got his nose in a book. 彼得总是专心地看书. keep one's `nose clean (infml 口) avoid doing anything unacceptable, illegal, etc 不做讨厌、 违法等的事: * If you keep your nose clean, the boss might promote you. 你若是规规矩矩的, 老板就可能提拔你. keep one's/sb's nose to the `grindstone (infml 口) keep oneself/sb working hard 使自己[某人]努力工作. lead sb by the nose => lead3. look down one's `nose at sb/sth (infml 口) treat sb/sth with contempt 轻视、 蔑视某人[某事物]:

nose1
* I gave the dog some lovely steak, and he just looked down his nose at it! 我给狗一些挺好的肉排, 可它却看不上. on the `nose (esp US sl 俚) precisely; exactly 正好; 恰好; 准确: * You've hit it (ie described or understood it) on the nose! 你描述得恰到好处. pay through the nose => pay2. plain as the nose on one's face => plain1. poke/stick one's nose into sth (infml 口) interfere in sth although it is not one's concern 干预、 插手与己无关的事; 管闲事: * Don't go poking your nose into other people's business! 少管闲事! put sb's `nose out of joint (infml 口) embarrass, offend or annoy sb 使某人难堪; 冒犯或惹恼某人: * He's so conceited that when she refused his invitation, it really put his nose out of joint. 他很自负, 她没接受他的邀请可把他的鼻子气歪了. rub sb's nose in it => rub2. thumb one's nose at sb/sth => thumb v. turn one's `nose up at sth (infml 口) treat sth with contempt 轻视、 蔑视某事物; 看不起; 看不上: * She turned her nose up at my small donation. 她嫌我捐赠微薄而嗤之以鼻. (right) under sb's (very) `nose (infml 口) (a) directly in front of sb 就在某人面前: * I put the bill right under his nose so that he couldn't miss it. 我把帐单就放在他眼前, 他不会看不见的. (b) in sb's presence, usu without him noticing anything 当着某人面（通常未被其察觉）; 在某人眼皮下、 鼻子尖底下: * They were having an affair under my very nose, and I didn't even realize! 他们就在我眼皮底下勾搭上了, 而我竟没看出来! with one's nose in the `air (infml 口) very haughtily; in a very superior way 非常傲慢; 自高自大: * She walked past us with her nose in the air. 她从我们身旁走过, 神气得鼻孔朝天. 派生： -nosed (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having a nose of the specified kind 有某种鼻子的: red-nosed * long-nosed. 复合： `nosebag (US `feedbag) n bag containing food for a horse, fastened to its head （挂在马头上的）饲料袋.

nose2
`nosebleed n bleeding from the nose 鼻出血. `nose-cone n cone-shaped front end of a rocket, guided missile, etc （火箭、 导弹等的）头锥, 前锥体. `nosedive n 1 sharp vertical descent by an aircraft, etc, with the nose pointing towards the earth （飞行器等的）俯冲: go into a sudden nosedive 突然俯冲. 2 (fig 比喻) sudden plunge or drop 突降; 暴跌: Prices have taken a nosedive. 价格已暴跌. v [I] 1 (of an aircraft, etc) descend vertically with the nose pointing towards the earth （指飞行器等）俯冲. 2 (fig 比喻) fall sharply 急降; 暴跌: Demand for oil has nosedived. 对汽油的需求已骤减. `nose-flute n musical instrument blown with the nose, used in parts of Asia 鼻笛（用鼻子吹的乐器, 用於亚洲的部分地区）. `nosering n ring fixed in the nose of a bull, etc, for leading it （牛等的）鼻环（供人牵引的）. `nose-wheel n front landing-wheel under the nose of an aircraft （飞行器机首下的）前轮, 鼻轮.

nosegay
[5nEuzgei; 5noz7ge] n small bunch of (usu sweet-smelling) flowers 花束（通常指香的）.

nosey
(also nosy)[5nEuzi; 5nozi] adj (-ier, -iest) (infmloften derog 口, 常作贬义) over-curious; rudely inquisitive过分好奇的; 爱管闲事的: * I've always found her unbearably nosey. 我发觉她总爱管闲事真让人受不了. > nosily adv. nosiness n [U]. 复合： ,Nosey `Parker n (Brit infml derog 口, 贬) over-inquisitive person; busybody 爱打听别人事情的人; 好管闲事的人: I caught that Nosey Parker reading my diary. 那个好事的家伙偷看我的日记, 让我给抓个正着.

nosh
[nCF; naF] n (sl esp Brit or Austral 俚, 尤用於英国或澳大利亚) 1 [U] food 食物: * There was lots of nosh at the party. 聚会上有很多吃的东西. 2 [sing] (quick) meal, snack, etc （快）餐; 小吃; 点心: * We'll have a (quick) nosh, then start out. 我们先吃些快餐再出门儿. 派生： nosh v (sl 俚 esp Brit) [I] eat 吃. 复合： `nosh-up n (sl 俚 esp Brit) meal, esp a large one 饭; （尤指）大餐: We had a great nosh-up at Bill's wedding. 我们在比尔的婚礼上大吃了一顿.

nostalgia
[nC'stAldVE; na'stAldVE] n [U] sentimental longing for things that are past 对往事的怀恋; 怀旧. 派生： nostalgic/nC'stAldVik; na'stAldVik] adj of, feeling or causing nostalgia 对往事怀恋的; 怀旧的; 感到或引起对往事怀恋的: * I get very nostalgic when I watch these old musicals on TV. 我从电视中看到这些旧音乐影片, 怀旧之情油然而生. * a nostalgic song, poem, etc 令人怀念往事的歌曲、 诗等. nostalgically[-kli; -kli] adv.

nostril
[5nCstrEl; 5nastrEl] n either of the two external openings in the nose through which the breath passes 鼻孔. =>illus at head 见head插图.

nostrum
[5nCstrEm; 5nastrEm] n (fml derog 文, 贬) 1 medicine falsely recommended as effective; quack remedy 江湖药; 骗人的疗法. 2 over-simple measure put forward as a solution to political or social problems （解决政治或社会问题的）绝招, 妙计: * Some nostrum peddled as a cure for unemployment. 鼓吹可解决失业问题的妙策.

not
[nCt; nat] adv 1 (a) (used with aux vs and modal vs to form the negative; often contracted to -n't/nt; nt] in speech and informal writing 与助动词和情态动词连用 构成否定式; 在口语或语体文中常略作-n't): * She did not see him. 她没见他. * You may not be chosen. 可能挑不上你. * They aren't here. 他们没在这儿. * I mustn't forget. 我决不能忘记. * Wouldn't you like to go home? 你不愿意回家吗? (b) (used with non-finite vs to formthe negative 与非限定动词连用构成否定式): * He warned me not to be late. 他提醒我别迟到. * The difficulty was in not laughing out loud. 难就难在没笑出声来. 2 (a) (used after believe, expect, hope, trust, etc instead of a clause beginning with that and containing a negative v 用於believe、 expect、 hope、 trust等动词之後, 代替that引导的否定从句): * `Will it rain?’ `I hope not (ie that it will not rain).’ ‘这种天会下雨吗?’‘我希望别下雨.’ * `Does he know?’ `I believe not.’ ‘他知道吗?’‘我认为他不知道.’ * `Can I come in?’ `I'm afraid not.’ ‘我可以进来吗?’‘很抱歉, 不可以.’ (b) (used to indicate the negative alternative after questions with Are you, Can he, Shall we, etc 用於含有Are you、 Can he、 Shall we等的疑问句之後, 构成选择疑问句): * Is she ready or not? 她准备好了没有? * Can you mend it or not? 你能不能修理它? * I don't know if/whether he's telling the truth or not. 我不知道他说的是否是实话. 3 (a) (used to reply in the negative to part or all of a question 用於对疑问句做部分的或全部的否定回答): * `Are you hungry?’ `Not hungry, just very tired.’ ‘你饿吗?’‘不饿, 只是很累.’ * `Would you like some more?’ `Not for me, thank you.’ ‘你再要点儿吗?’‘别给我了, 谢谢.’ * `Do you go in the sea every day?’ `Not in the winter.’ ‘你每天都下海吗?’‘冬天不下海.’ (b) (used to deny the significance of the following word or phrase 用以否定紧跟其後的词或短语的意义):

not1
* It was not greed but ambition that drove him to crime. 驱使他犯罪的并非贪婪而是野心. * Not all the students have read the book. 不是所有的学生都读过那本书. * `Who will do the washing-up?’ `Not me.’ ‘谁管刷锅洗碗?’‘我不管.’ (c) (used to show that the opposite of the following word or phrase is intended 用以表示与紧跟其後的词或短语相反的意思): * a town that is not a million miles from here, ie very close 距此地并非十万八千里的一座城市（很近） * She argued, and not without reason (ie reasonably), that no one could afford to pay. 她辩称没人能付得起钱, 这也不无道理. * We plan to meet again in the not too distant future, ie quite soon. 我们打算不久以後再次见面. 4 (idm 习语) not only... (but) also (used to emphasize the addition of sb/sth 用以强调递进关系的某人[某事物]): * Not only the grandparents were there but also the aunts, uncles and cousins. 不光是祖父母, 连姑母、 叔父及其子女也在那里. * He not only writes his own plays, he also acts in them. 他不仅是自编剧本, 还饰演其中的角色. `not that though one is not suggesting that 并不是说: * She hasn't written to me yet not that she ever said she would. 她还没给我来信--倒不是她说过要给我写信.

notable
[5nEutEbl; 5notEbl] adj deserving to be noticed; remarkable 值得注意的; 显着的; 着名的: * a notable success, event, discovery 令人瞩目的成功、 事件、 发现 * a notable artist, writer, etc 着名的艺术家、 作家等. 派生：notable n famous or important person 名人; 要人. notability[7nEutE'bilEti; 7notE'bilEti] n [C] famous or important person 名人; 要人. notably[5nEutEbli; 5notEbli] adv noticeably; remarkably显而易见地; 明显地; 显着地: * notably successful 显着地成功.

notary
[5nEutEri; 5notEri] n (also ,notary `public) person with official authority to witness the signing of legal documents and perform certain other legal functions公证人.

notation
[nEu'teiFn; no'teFEn] n 1 [C] system of signs, symbols, etc used to represent numbers, amounts, musical notes, etc （代表数字、 数量等的）一套符号; （音乐的）乐谱, 记谱法: * develop a new and simpler notation 形成一套新的、 更简单的符号. 2 [U] representing of numbers, etc by such signs, symbols, etc （有系统的）符号, 数字, 音符: * musical notation 音乐符号 * scientific notation 科学符号.

notch
[nCtF; natF] n 1 ~ (in/on sth) V-shaped cut in an edge or surface （边缘或表面上的）V型切口, 刻痕: * cut/make a notch in a stick 在棍上刻一V型痕记. =>illus at groove 见groove插图. 2 level or grade of excellence 水平; 等级: * Acting and direction are several notches up on the standards we are used to. 表演和导演水平远在我们熟知的标准之上. 3 (US) narrow mountain pass 山间小径; 隘路. 派生： notch v [Tn] 1 make a notch or notches in (sth) 在（某物）上刻V形痕. 2 (phr v) notch sth up (infml 口) score sth; achieve sth 获得某分数; 完成某事: notch up a win, record, etc 获胜、 创纪录 * With this performance, she has notched up her third championship title. 她因这一成绩而获得第叁个冠军称号.

note
1[nEut; not] n 1 [C] short written record (of facts, etc) to aid the memory 笔记; 摘记: * make a note (of sth) 做（某事的）摘记 * She lectured without notes. 她讲演不用演稿. * He sat taking notes of everything that was said. 他坐在那里把说的每件事都记录下来. 2 [C] (a) short letter 短信; 短简: * a note of thanks 谢函 * He wrote me a note asking if I would come. 他给我写了个便条, 问我是否能来. (b) official diplomatic letter 照会; 通牒: * an exchange of notes between governments 两国政府互致照会. 3 [C] short comment on or explanation of a word or passage in a book, etc 评注; 注释: * a new edition of `Hamlet', with copious notes 新版《哈姆雷特》, 附详细注释 * See the editor's comments, page 259, note 3. 见编者按语, 第259页之注释3. Cf 参看 footnote (foot1). 4 [C] (also `banknote, US usu 美式英语通常作 bill) piece of paper money issued by a bank 纸币: * a ￡5 note5英镑的纸币 * Do you want the money in notes or coins? 你要纸币要硬币? 5 [C] (a) single sound of a certain pitch and duration, made by a musical instrument, voice, etc （乐器、 嗓子等发出的）单音, 鸣声, 音调, 调: * the first few notes of a tune 曲子的头几个音 * (arch 古) the blackbird's merry note, ie song 黑鹂轻快的鸣声. (b) sign used to represent such a sound in a manuscript or in printed music （乐谱上的）音符: * Quavers, crotchets and minims are three of the different lengths of note in written music. 八分音符、 四分音符和二分音符在乐谱上是不同长度的叁个音符. =>illus at music 见music插图. (c) any one of the keys of a piano, organ, etc （钢琴、 风琴等的）键: * the black notes and the white notes 黑键和白键. 6 [sing] ~ (of sth) a quality (of sth); hint or suggestion (of sth) （某事物的）特徵; （某事的）暗示, 含义, 表示: * There was a note of self-satisfaction in his speech. 他的言谈中流露着自满的口气.

note1
* The book ended on an optimistic note. 该书的结尾寓意乐观. 7 [U] notice; attention 注意: * worthy of note 值得注意 * Take note of what he says, ie pay attention to it. 要注意他说的话. 8 (idm 习语) compare notes => compare. of `note that is important, distinguished, well-known, etc 重要的; 非凡的; 着名的: * a singer, writer, etc of some note 有些名气的歌唱家、 作家等 * Nothing of particular note happened.没发生特别值得注意的事. make a mental note (of sth/to do sth) => mental. hit/strike the right/wrong note => hit1. strike/sound a `note (of sth) express feelings, views, etc of the stated kind 表示某种感情、 观点等: * She sounded a note of warning in her speech. 她在讲话中表示要引起警惕. * The article struck a pessimistic note; it suggested there would be no improvement. 那篇文章不甚乐观, 暗示将无改进. strike/sound a false note => false. 派生： notelet[5nEutlit; 5notlit] n sheet of paper, often decorated, for writing short letters on 便笺. 复合： `notebook n small book for writing notes (note 1) in 笔记本; 记事本. `notecase n wallet for banknotes 钱夹; 钱包. `notepad n block of sheets of paper for taking notes (note 1) on 便条本. `notepaper n [U] paper for writing letters on 信纸; 信笺.

nothing
[5nQWiN; 5nQWiN] neg pron 1 not anything; no single thing 没什麽; 没什麽东西; 无物; 一个也没有: * Nothing gives me more pleasure than listening to Mozart. 再没有比听莫扎特的乐曲更让我高兴的事了. * There's nothing interesting in the newspaper. 报纸上没什麽有趣的新闻. * I've had nothing to eat since lunchtime. 从午饭时间到现在我什麽都没吃. * There's nothing you can do to help. 你帮不上忙. * He's five foot nothing, ie exactly five feet tall. 他整整五英尺高. * It used to cost nothing to visit a museum. 过去参观博物馆是不收分文的. * What's the matter? Nothing serious, I hope. 怎麽了? 我希望没什麽大不了的事. * There is nothing as refreshing as lemon tea. 什麽都不如柠檬茶那样提神. * I had nothing stronger than orange juice to drink. 我只喝了橙汁, 没喝酒. =>Usage at nought 用法见nought. 2 (idm 习语) be nothing to sb be a person for whom sb has no feelings 对某人来说无所谓的人: * `What is she to you?’ `She's nothing to me.’ ‘她在你心目中如何?’‘她对我来说无所谓.’ for `nothing (a) without payment; free 不要钱; 免费: * Children under 5 can travel for nothing. 5岁以下儿童可免付旅费. * We could have got in for nothing nobody was collecting tickets. 我们本可以不买票就进去--根本没人收票. (b) with no reward or result; to no purpose 无酬劳; 无结果; 徒劳: * All that preparation was for nothing because the visit was cancelled. 因为访问取消了, 一切准备工作都白费了. have nothing on sb (infml 口) (a) not be as clever, capable, etc as sb 不如某人聪明、 有能力等; 比不上某人: * Sherlock Holmes has nothing on you you're a real detective. 福尔摩斯也没有你本事大--你是真的侦探. (b) (of the police) have no information that could lead to sb's arrest （指警方）没有逮捕某人的罪证: * They've got nothing on me I've got an alibi. 他们没抓我的罪证--我有不在现场的证据. have nothing to `do with sb/sth not concern oneself with sb/sth; avoid sb/sth 自己与某人[某事]无关; 避开某人[某事]:

nothing1
* He's a thief and a liar; I'd have nothing to do with him, if I were you. 他又偷东西又说谎; 我要是你的话, 就不跟他来往. `nothing but only 仅仅; 只不过; 只: * Nothing but a miracle can save her now. 现在只有出现奇迹她才能得救. * I want nothing but the best for my children. 我要把最好的给我的孩子. nothing if not (infml 口) extremely; very 极; 非常; 很: * The holiday was nothing if not varied. 假日活动极其丰富多彩. nothing less than completely; totally 完全; 全部: * His negligence was nothing less than criminal. 他的粗心大意无异於犯罪. nothing like (infml 口) (a) not at all like 丝毫不像; 完全不像: * It looks nothing like a horse. 这完全看不出像马. (b) absolutely not 绝对不: * Her cooking is nothing like as good as yours. 她做饭的手艺绝比不上你. nothing more than only 仅仅; 只不过: * It was nothing more than a shower. 只不过下了场阵雨. ,nothing `muchnot a great amount (of sth); nothing of great value or importance 非大量（的某物）; 少量; 价值不大; 不重要: * There's nothing much in the post. 邮件中没什麽要紧的东西. * I got up late and did nothing much all day. 我起晚了, 一整天也没做什麽事. (there's) nothing `to it (it's) very simple （这）非常简单: * I did the crossword in half an hour there was nothing to it. 我用了半小时就把纵横字谜填好了--容易极了. there is/was nothing (else) `for it (but to do sth) there is no other action to take (except the one specified) （除去指出的办法外）别无他法: * There was nothing else for it but to resign. 除了辞职别无他法. 派生： nothingness n [U] state of not being; state of being nothing 不存在; 无; 空: pass into nothingness 化为乌有.

notice
[5nEutis; 5notis] n 1 [C] (sheet of paper, etc giving) written or printed news or information, usu displayed publicly 布告; 公告; 告示; 启事: * put up a notice 张贴布告 * notices of births, deaths and marriages in the newspapers 报上登的出生喜报、 讣告、 结婚启事. 2 [U] (a) warning (of what will happen) 通知; 预告; 警告: * receive two months' notice to leave (a house, job, etc) 收到两个月後搬家、 解雇等的通知 * at short notice, ie with little warning, little time for preparation, etc 在短时间内（突如其来、 无充分准备时间等） * leave at (only) ten days' notice, ie with a warning given only ten days beforehand （仅）提前十天通知离去 * You must give notice (ie tell people beforehand) of changes in the arrangements. 你要改变计画必须事先通知大家. * The bar is closed until further notice. 酒吧现已歇业, 开业时间另行通知. (b) formal letter, etc stating that sb is to leave a job at a specified time 辞职书; 辞职报告; 辞呈: * He handed in his notice (ie left his job) last week. 他上星期递了辞呈. * He gave her a month's notice, ie told her that she had to leave her job in a month's time. 他通知她一个月内离职. * leave without notice, ie without giving the agreed amount of warning 擅自离去（未履行应预先通知之约）. 3 [C] short review of a book, play, etc in a newspaper, etc （报刊上对书、 戏剧等的）短评, 评介: * The play received good notices. 那个剧受到好评. 4 (idm 习语) be beneath one's notice (fml 文) be sth one should ignore 不为某人理会; 不值一顾: * He regarded all these administrative details as beneath his notice. 他认为行政管理上的这些琐事都不值一顾. bring sth to sb's `notice (fml 文) tell sb about sth, show sb sth, etc 将某事知会某人; 使某人注意某事物: * It was Susan who brought the problem to our notice. 是苏珊提醒我们注意那个问题的. come to sb's notice

notice1
(fml 文) be seen, heard, etc by sb 被某人看到、 听到等: * It has come to my notice that you have been stealing. 我察觉到了你经常偷窃. escape notice => escape1. sit up and take notice => sit. take no `notice/not take any notice (of sb/sth) pay no attention (to sb/sth) 不注意（某人[某事物]）; 不理会: * Take no notice/Don't take any notice (of what he says)! 别理会（他的话）! 派生： notice v 1 [I, Tn, Tf, Tw, Tng, Tni] become aware of (sb/sth); observe 注意到（某人[某事物]）; 留心; 看到: Didn't you notice? He has dyed his hair. 你没注意? 他染头发了. * Sorry, I didn't notice you. 对不起, 我没看见你. * I noticed (that) he left early. 我注意到他走得很早. * I noticed how she did it. 我看见她怎麽做了. * Did you notice him coming in/come in? 你看见他进来了吗? 2 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] pay attention to (sb) 注意（某人）: a young actor trying desperately to be noticed by the critics 极力想引起评论家注意的青年演员 * She just wants to be noticed, that's why she dresses so strangely. 她就是想引人注意才穿得那麽稀奇古怪的. noticeable[-Ebl; -Ebl] adj easily seen or noticed 易见的; 显明的; 显着的: * There's been a noticeable improvement in her handwriting. 她的书法有了明显的进步. noticeably[-EblI; -EblI/ adv. 复合： `notice-board n (US `bulletin board) board for notices (notice1) to be pinned on 布告牌.

notify
[5nEutifai; 5notE7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.pr, Dn.f] ~ sb (of sth); ~ sth to sb (fml 文) inform sb (of sth); report sth to sb 通知某人（某事）; 将某事报告某人: * Have the authorities been notified (of this)? 当局是否已得知（此事）? * notify the police (of a loss)[notify a loss to the police 向警方报（失窃）案 * He notified us that he was going to leave. 他通知我们说他要辞职. 派生： notifiable[5nEutifaiEbl; 5notE7faiEbl] adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] (of diseases) which must by law be reported to the public health authorities because they are so dangerous （指疾病）（因危险）依法须报告卫生当局的: * Typhoid is an example of a notifiable disease. 伤寒是必须报告卫生当局的病例. notification[7nEutifi'keiFn; 7notEfE'keFEn] n [C, U] (fml 文) (act of) notifying (a birth, death, case of infectious disease, etc) （对出生、 死亡、 传染病例等的）通知, 报告: * There have been no more notifications of cholera cases in the last week. 上星期已没有霍乱病例的报告.

notion
[5nEuFn; 5noFEn] n 1 [C] ~ (that...) (a) idea or belief; concept 观念; 信念; 概念: * a system based on the notions of personal equality and liberty 基於人的平等、 自由等观念的制度. (b) idea or belief that is odd, vague or possibly incorrect （奇怪的、 模糊的或可能不正确的）观念, 想法, 信念: * I had a notion that she originally came from Poland. 我有个想法认为她的原籍是波兰. * Your head is full of silly notions. 你满脑子都是糊涂思想. * He has a notion that I'm cheating him. 他以为我欺骗他. 2 [sing] ~ (of sth) (used esp after no, any, some 尤用於 no、 any、 some之後) understanding 懂得; 明白; 理解; 了解: * Do you have the slightest notion of what this means? 你能明白一点儿这是什麽意思吗? * She has no notion of the difficulty of this problem. 她不了解这个问题的难处. 3 notions [pl] (US) small items used for sewing, eg pins, buttons, reels of thread, etc （缝纫用的）零碎东西（如针、 纽扣、 线轴等）; 针头线脑. 派生： notional[-FEnl; -FEnl] adj assumed to be actual or real for a particular purpose; based on guesses or estimates 假定的; 猜测的; 想像的; 估计的: * My calculation is based on notional figures, since the actual figures are not yet available. 因尚无实际数字, 我是根据估计的数字计算的.

notorious
[nEu'tC:riEs; no'tCriEs] adj ~ (for/as sth) (derog 贬) well-known for some bad quality, deed, etc 臭名昭着的; 声名狼藉的: * a notorious criminal, area, bend in the road 天怒人怨的罪犯、 地区、 急转弯 * She's notorious for her wild behaviour. 她因行为野蛮而知名. * He was notorious as a gambler and rake. 他是声名狼藉的赌徒、 浪荡子. 派生：notoriety[7nEutE'raiEti; 7notE'raiEti] n [U] (derog 贬) fame for being bad in some way 恶名; 臭名: * achieve a certain notoriety 落得恶名 * His crimes earned him considerable notoriety. 他因犯罪而声名狼藉. notoriously adv.

notwithstanding
[7nCtwiW'stAndiN; 7natwiW'stAndiN] prep (fml 文) (can also follow the n to which it refers 亦可用於其所指名词之後) without being affected by (sth); in spite of 尽管; 虽然: * Notwithstanding a steady decline in numbers, the school has had a very successful year. 尽管学生人数持续减少, 但该校这一年仍很成功. * Language difficulties notwithstanding, he soon grew to love the country and its people. 虽然言语不通, 他还是很快就爱上了这个国家及该国人民. 派生： notwithstanding adv (fml 文) in spite of this; however; nevertheless 尽管如此; 然而; 仍然: Many people told her not to try, but she went ahead notwithstanding.很多人劝她不要尝试, 她仍立意去做了.

nougat
[5nu:ga:, also 'nQgEt; - 'nu:gEt; 5nugEt] n [U] type of hard sweet made with nuts, sugar or honey, and egg-white 牛轧糖（用果仁、 糖或蜂蜜及蛋白制的硬糖）.

nought
[nC:t; nCt] n 1 the figure 0 零; 0: * write three noughts on the blackboard 在黑板上写叁个0 * nought point one (0.1) 零点一（0.1）. =>App 4 见附录4. 2 (also naught) (arch 古) nothing 无; 无物: * His crime has gained him naught. 他既犯了罪又一无所获. 复合： ,noughts and `crosses (US ,tick-tack-`toe) game played by writing 0s and Xs on a grid of nine squares, attempting to complete a row of three 0s or three Xs 圈叉游戏（在井字形九格中各画0或X, 先将叁个连成一行者胜）. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: The figure 0 has several different names in British English. 在英式英语中0这一数字有几个名称. 1 In speaking about temperature and in the language of science zero is used 说到温度时以及在科学术语中用zero: The temperature rarely falls below zero here. 这里的温度很少降到0度以下. 2 Nought is commonly used when referring to the figure 0 as part of a number *nought一般用作数字中的0: A million is 1 followed by six noughts (1000000). 一百万是1後面有六个0（1000000）. 3 When reading a telephone or bank account number (ie when the number does not represent a quantity) we say the letter `O'/Eu; o] 读电话号码或银行帐号（即该数字不表示量）时, 将0读作字母O的名称: * The account number is 0-two-0-four-three-eight-one(0204381). 该帐号是/ EU-tu: * -EU-fR: * -Wri:-eIt-wQn; o-tu-o-fRr-Wri-et-wQn/ (0204381). * Their phone number is four-seven-double 0-five (47005). 他们的电话号码是/ fR:-`sevn-`dQbl EU-faIv; fRr-`sZvn-`dQblo-faIv/ (47005). 4 In reporting the score in a team game we use nil or nothing 说分队比赛项目的比分时, 用nil或nothing表示0: * The final score was three nil/nothing (3-0). 最後比分是叁比零（3-0）. * Wales won 28-nil. 威尔士队以28比0获胜. In US English zero is commonly used in all these cases. 在上述情况下, 美式英语一概用zero表示0.

noun
[naun; naun] n (grammar) word which can be the subject or object of a verb or the object of a preposition; word marked n in this dictionary 名词. Cf 参看 common noun (common1), proper name (proper). 复合： `noun phrase (grammar) phrase whose function in a sentence is equivalent to that of a noun, and which usu contains a noun or pronoun as its main part 名词词组; 名词短语.

nourish
[5nQriF; 5nQriF] v [Tn] 1 keep (a person, an animal or a plant) alive and well with food 养, 滋养（人、 动物、 植物）: * Most plants are nourished by water drawn up through their roots. 多数植物是靠着根吸收水分来维持生命的. * well-nourished/undernourished children 营养好的[不足的]儿童. 2 (fml fig 文, 比喻) maintain or increase (a feeling, etc) 保持, 增长（情绪等）: * nourish feelings of hatred 怀恨 * nourish hopes of a release from captivity 抱有囚禁获释的希望. 派生： nourishing adj: nourishing food 滋养的食物. nourishment n [U] food 食物: obtain nourishment from the soil 从泥土中获取食物.

nous
[naus; naus] n [U] (Brit infml approv 口, 褒) common sense; resourcefulness 常识; 机智: * None of them had the nous to shut the door when the fire broke out. 他们谁也不懂得失火时要关上门.

nouveau riche
[7nu:vEu 'ri:F; nuvo'riF] n (pl nouveaux riches[7nu:vEu 'ri:F; nuvo'riF] ) (usu pl 通常作复数) (derog贬) person who has recently, and often suddenly, become rich, esp one who displays his wealth ostentatiously 暴发户.

Nov
abbr 缩写 = November: 21 Nov 1983 1983年11月21日.

nova
[5nEuvE; 5novE] n (pl ~s or -vae[-vi:; -vi] ) (astronomy天) star that suddenly becomes much brighter for a short period 新星（在短时期内亮度突然增大者）. Cf 参看 supernova.

novel
1[5nCvl; 5navl] adj (esp approv 尤作褒义) new and strange; of a kind not known before 新奇的; 新颖的; 新的: * a novel idea, fashion, design, experience 新的观念、 风尚、 设计、 经验.

novelty
[5nCvlti; 5navlti] n 1 [U] quality of being novel; newness; strangeness 新奇; 新颖; 奇异: * The novelty of his surroundings soon wore off, ie He grew accustomed to them. 他对环境的新鲜感很快就消失了. * [attrib 作定语] There's a certain novelty value in this approach. 这种方法含有某种创新的意义. 2 [C] previously unknown thing, experience, etc; new or strange thing or person新鲜的事物、 经验等; 新奇的事物或人: * A British businessman who can speak a foreign language is still something of a novelty. 能说某种外国语的英国商人仍可算是新奇人物. 3 [C] small toy, ornament, etc of low value （廉价的）小玩具、 小装饰品等: * a chocolate egg with a plastic novelty inside 内藏塑料小玩意儿的蛋形巧克力.

November
[nEu'vembE(r); no'vembl] n [U, C] (abbr 缩写 Nov) the eleventh month of the year, next after October 十一月. For the uses of November see the examples at April. 关於November的用法见April词条中的示例.

novice
[5nCvis; 5navis] n 1 person who is new and inexperienced in a job, situation, etc; beginner 新手; 生手; 初学者: * She's a complete novice as a reporter. 她初任记者, 完全是个生手. * [attrib 作定语] a novice writer, salesman, cook, etc 新的作家、 售货员、 厨师等. 2 person who is to become a monk or a nun but has not yet taken the final vows 见习修士或修女. Cf 参看 postulant. 派生： noviciate (also novitiate)[nE'viFiEt; nE'viFiit] n period or state of being a novice(2) 修士或修女的见习期.

now
[nau; nau] adv 1 (a) at the present time 现在; 目前: * Where are you living now? 你现在住在哪里? * It is now possible to put a man on the moon. 目前已能将人送到月球上. * Now (eg After all these interruptions) I can get on with my work. 现在我可以继续工作了（如受多次 打扰之後）. * Now is the best time to visit the gardens. 现在是最适合逛花园的时候. (b) immediately; at once 马上; 立刻: * Start writing now. 立刻开始写. * You've got to ask her. It's now or never. 你得去问她. 马上就去否则就没机会了. (c) (used after a prep 用於介词之後) the present time 现在: * I never realized I loved you until now. 我至今才意识到我爱你. * He should have arrived by now. 此时他本该到了. Cf 参看 then. 2 (used by the speaker, without reference to time, to continue a narrative, request, warning, etc 说话者用以表示继续进行叙述、 请求、 警告等, 不表示时间): * Now the next thing he did was to light a cigarette. 然後他点了一枝烟. * Now be quiet for a few moments and listen to this. 请安静一会儿, 注意听着. * No cheating, now. 不许作弊. 3 (idm 习语) (every) now and again/then at irregular intervals; occasionally 时而; 偶尔; 有时: * I like to go to the opera now and then. 我喜欢偶尔去看歌剧. * Every now and again she went upstairs to see if he was still asleep. 她时而到楼上看看他是否还在睡着. ,now, `now; `now then (used before expressing disapproval or admonishment 用於表示不赞成或劝慰的话语之前): * Now, now, stop quarrelling. 行了, 行了, 别再吵了. * Now then, that's enough noise. 可以啦, 别再闹了. * Now, now, cheer up and forget about it. 好啦, 好啦, 振作起来,别再想它了. now...now/then at one time...at another time 时而...时而...: * Her moods kept changing now happy, now filled with despair. 她的情绪多变--时而高兴, 时而感到绝望. `now then (a) => now, now.

now1
(b) (used to introduce a statement that makes a suggestion or invites a response 用以引出要说的话, 以提出建议或徵询回应): * Now then, why don't you volunteer? 那你为什麽不自告奋勇呢? * Now then, are there any comments on this report? 喂, 对这个报告有什麽意见吗? (c) (used to fill a pause when one is thinking what to do or say next 考虑下一步要做的事或要说的话时, 用以填补暂时的停顿): * I must say I enjoyed that. Now then, what's next? 我的确很喜欢这个. 那麽, 下一个呢? now for sb/sth (used when turning to a fresh task or subject 用以转折, 以提出新任务或新话题): * Now for a spot of gardening. 现在来弄弄花草. * And now for some travel news. 下面报告旅游新闻. 派生： now conj ~ (that)... because of the fact (that)... 由於...; 既然...: Now (that) you mention it, I do remember the incident. 经你一提, 我想起那件事了. * Now you've passed your test you can drive on your own. 你驾驶考试既已合格, 就可以独自开车了.

nowadays
[5nauEdeiz; 5nauE7dez] adv at the present time (in contrast with the past) 时下, 现今（与过去相对）: * Nowadays, children often prefer watching TV to reading. 如今, 儿童常爱看电视而不爱看书.

nowhere
[5nEuweE(r); - -hweEr; 5no7hwer] adv 1 not anywhere 无处: * `Where are you going at the weekend?’ `Nowhere special (ie Not to any special place).’ ‘你打算到哪儿去度周末?’‘无处可去.’ * He was getting nowhere (ie making no progress) with his homework until his sister helped him. 他在姐姐的帮助之下作业才有些进步. * 20 goes nowhere (ie does not buy much) when you're feeding a family these days. 如今要养家的话, 20英镑到不了哪儿（买不了多少东西）. * One of the horses I backed came second; the rest were/came nowhere, ie were not among the first three to finish the race. 我下赌注的几匹马中有一匹跑第二; 其馀的没上名（没进前叁名）. 2 (idm 习语) in the middle of nowhere => middle. nowhere near => near2. ,nowhere to be `found/`seen impossible for anyone to find or see 任何人都找不到或看不见: * The children were nowhere to be seen. 孩子们都没影儿了. * The money was nowhere to be found. 哪儿也找不到那笔钱.

noxious
[5nCkFEs; 5nakFEs] adj (fml 文) harmful; poisonous有害的; 有毒的: * noxious fumes, gases, etc 有毒的烟雾、 气体等. > noxiously adv. noxiousness n [U].

nozzle
[5nCzl; 5nazl] n spout or end-piece of a pipe, etc through which a stream of air or liquid is directed （管子等的）喷嘴, 管嘴.

nr
abbr 缩写 = near (eg in the address of a small village 如用於小村庄的地址中): Warpsgrove, nr Chalgrove, Oxfordshire 牛津郡查尔格罗夫附近沃普斯格罗夫.

NSB
[7en es 'bi:; 7en es 'bi] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) National Savings Bank (operated by the Post Office) 国家储蓄银行.

NSPCC
[7en es 7pi: si: 'si:; 7en es 7pi si 'si] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children 全国防止虐待儿童协会.

NT
abbr 缩写 = (Brit) 1 National Trust (land), eg on a map 国立托拉斯（土地）（如地图上的标记）. 2 New Testament (of the Bible) （《圣经》的）《新约全书》. Cf 参看 OT.

nth
[enW; enW] adj (infml 口) 1 [attrib 作定语] latest or last in a long series （一系列中的）最新的, 最後的: * You're the nth person to ask me that, ie Many others have asked me the same thing. 你是又一个问我这件事的人（已有很多人问过这件事了）. * For the nth time, you can't go! 再说最後一次, 你不能去! 2 (idm 习语) to the ,nth de`gree in a very extreme way 到极点; 极度; 极端: * He's methodical to the nth degree. 他做事有条不紊算是到家了.

nuance
[5nju:a:ns; - 'nu:-; 5nuans] n subtle difference in meaning, colour, feeling, etc （意义、 颜色、 感觉等的）细微差异: * be able to react to nuances of meaning 能够对意义上的细微差异做出反应.

nub
[nQb; nQb] n [sing] the ~ of sth central or essential point of a problem, matter, etc （问题、 事情等的）中心,要点: * The nub of the problem is our poor export performance.问题的关键是我们出口贸易方面太差.

nubile
[5nju:bail; - 'nu:bl; 5nubl] adj (of girls or young women 指姑娘或少女) 1 old enough to marry 到结婚年龄的. 2 sexually attractive 性感的: * a photograph of a nubile young woman 妙龄女郎的艳照.

nuclear
[5nju:kliE(r); - 'nu:-; 5nuklil] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] 1 of a nucleus, esp of an atom 核的; （尤指）原子核的: * a nuclear particle 核微粒 * nuclear physics 核物理学. 2 using or producing nuclear energy 使用或生产核能的: * a nuclear missile, power-station, reactor 核导弹、 电站、 反应堆 * nuclear-powered submarines 核动力潜艇. 复合： ,nuclear dis`armament removal or dismantling of nuclear weapons 核裁军. ,nuclear `energy (also ,nuclear `power) extremely powerful form of energy produced by the splitting of the nuclei of atoms 核动力. ,nuclear `family (sociology 社) the family considered as mother, father and children only, and not including any less close relations 核心家庭, 小家庭（仅由父母和子女组成, 不包括关系较远的亲属）. ,nuclear-`free adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] (of an area, etc) not having or allowing any nuclear weapons or materials （指地区等）无核的: They have declared their country a ,nuclear-free `zone. 他们宣布本国为无核区. ,nuclear `war war waged with weapons using nuclear energy as their explosive force 核战争. ,nuclear `winter period without light, heat or growth which would follow a nuclear war 核冬天（核战争带来的无光、 无热或无生长物的时期）.

nucleic
acid/nju:7kli:ik 'sid; - nu:-; nu'kliik 'Asid] either of two acids (DNA and RNA) occurring in all living cells 核酸.

nucleus
[5nju:kliEs; - 'nu:-; 5nukliEs] n (pl nuclei[-klIaI; -klI9aI/) 1 central part, around which other parts are grouped or collected 中心; 核心: * The fortress was the nucleus of the ancient city. 这城堡是这座古城的中心. * These paintings will form the nucleus of a new collection, ie Others will be added to them. 这些画将构成新的收藏品的主要部分（还将增加其他收藏品）. 2 (a) (physics物) central part of an atom, consisting of protons and neutrons 核, 原子核（包括质子和中子）. (b) (biology 生) central part of a living cell 细胞核.

nude
[nju:d; - nu:d; nud] adj (esp of a human figure in art) naked （尤指艺术人像）裸体的: * the nude torso 裸露的躯干. 派生： nude n 1 naked human figure, esp in painting, photography, etc 裸体人像（尤指绘画、 摄影等）. 2 (idm 习语) in the `nude having no clothes on; naked 未穿衣的; 裸露的: swimming in the nude 裸体游泳. nudism[-izEm; -izEm] (also naturism) n [U] practice of not wearing clothes, esp for health reasons 裸体主义（尤指因於健康有益）. nudist[-ist; -ist] (also naturist) n person who practises nudism 裸体主义者. nudity[5nju:dEti; - 'nu:-; 5nudEti] n [U] nakedness 裸体; 裸露: * Some people regard nudity as offensive. 有些人认为裸体有伤风化. 复合： `nudist camp (also `nudist colony) place where nudists can live and move about naked 天体营（裸体主义者可以裸体生活及活动的场所）.

nudge
[nQdV; nQdV] v [Tn] 1 touch or push (sb) with one's elbow to draw his attention to sth 以肘碰或推（某人）（使其注意某事物）: * I nudged her and pointed to the man across the street. 我用肘碰了她一下并指了指街对面的那个男的. 2 push (sb/sth) gently or gradually 轻推或渐渐触到（某人[某物]）: * The horse nudged my pocket with its nose. 马用鼻子轻轻地拱我的衣袋. * He accidentally nudged the gatepost with the front of the car. 他一不留神汽车的头部碰上了门柱. 派生： nudge n push given in this way （此种）轻碰或轻推: She gave me a nudge in the ribs. 她以肘轻触我肋部一下. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Nudge, prod, poke, jab and stab indicate the action of pushing a hard or sharp object (eg a finger or stick) into a person or thing and are shown here in increasing order of force or violence. *nudge、 prod、 poke、 jab、 stab等动词表示的动作是以坚硬或尖锐的物体（如手指或棍棒）触及人或物, 其力量大小或猛烈程度按由弱到强的顺序排列如下. Nudge = push or touch gently, especially with one's elbow, in order to catch somebody's attention *nudge是轻推或轻触, 尤指用肘部, 为使某人注意: She nudged him with her elbow. 她用肘轻触了他一下. Prod (at) = push, especially with a finger or stick, in order, for example, to make something move *prod (at)是推, 尤指用手指或棍棒, 如为使物体移动: He prodded at the pig with his walking-stick. 他用手杖推那口猪. The three remaining verbs can be used in two constructions 馀下的叁个动词可用於以下两种结构: poke/jab/stab somebody or something with a sharp object OR poke/jab/stab a sharp object into somebody or something. Poke (at) = push sharply *poke (at)是戳或捅: He poked (at) the fire with a stick. 他用棍拨火. He poked a stick into the fire. 他把棍子插进火里. Jab (at) = strike forcefully and roughly with a sharp object *jab (at)是用锋利的物体猛刺或乱戳: The vet jabbed (at) the dog with a needle/jabbed a needle into the dog. 兽医给狗扎针. Stab = strike forcefully into somebody or something with a pointed object, especially a knife, in order to wound *stab是用尖锐的物体用力刺入某人或某物, 尤指用刀刺伤: The killer stabbed him with a knife/stabbed a knife into him. 凶手用刀刺他.

nugatory
[5nju:gEtEri; - 'nu:gEtC:ri; 5nugE7tCri] adj (fml 文) worthless; pointless; not valid 无价值的; 无意义的; 无效的: * a nugatory idea, argument, proposal, etc 无意义的想法、 争论、 建议等.

nugget
[5nQgit; 5nQgit] n 1 lump of (esp valuable) metal, eg gold, found in the earth （尤指贵重的）金属块（如天然金块）. 2 (fig 比喻) small thing that is regarded as valuable （有价值的）小东西: * a book full of nuggets of useful information 有很多有用的零碎资料的书.

nuisance
[5nju:sns; - 'nu:-; 5nusns] n thing, person or behaviour that is troublesome or annoying 令人讨厌的事物、 人、 行为: * You are a confounded nuisance. Stop pestering me. 你这个可恶的东西. 别再缠着我了. * The noise was so loud that it was a nuisance to the neighbours. 那声音大得让邻居讨厌.

null
[nQl; nQl] adj (idm 习语) null and void (law 律) having no legal force; not valid 无法律约束力的; 无效的: * This contract is null and void. 此合同无效. 派生： nullify[5nQlifai; 5nQlE7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn] 1 make (an agreement, etc) lose its legal force 使（协议等）失去法律约束力. 2 make (sth) ineffective; counteract 使（某事物）无效; 销: * How can we nullify the enemy's propaganda? 怎样才能抵销敌人的宣传? nullification[7nQlifi'keiFn; 7nQlEfE'keFEn] n [U]. nullity[5nQlEti; 5nQlEti] n [U] lack of legal force; lack of validity 无法律约束力; 无效: * the nullity of a marriage 婚姻无效 * [attrib 作定语] a nullity suit, ie legal action that asks for a marriage to be declared null and void 要求宣判婚姻无效的诉讼.

numb
[nQm; nQm] adj without the power to feel or move 失去感觉的; 麻木的: * fingers numb with cold 冻僵了的手指 * (fig 比喻) The shock left me numb. 我惊呆了. * She was numb with terror. 她吓得不能动了. 派生： numb v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] 1 make(sb/sth) numb 使（某人[某物]）失去感觉, 麻木: Her fingers were numbed by the cold. 她的手指冻僵了. * His leg was numbed by the intense pain. 他的腿因剧痛而麻木. 2 (fig 比喻) make (sb) emotionally incapable of thinkingor acting 使（某人）麻木不仁: She was completely numbed by the shock of her father's death. 她父亲去世造成的打击使她目瞪神呆. numbly adv. numbness n [U].

number
[5nQmbE(r); 5nQmbl] n 1 [C] symbol or word indicating a quantity of units; numeral 号码; 数字; 数目: * 3, 13, 33 and 103 are numbers. 3、 13、 33、 103等都是数字. * Three and thirteen are also numbers. 叁和十叁也是数字. * My telephone number is 622998. 我的电话号码是622998. * What's the number of your car? 你的汽车多少号儿? =>App 4 见附录4, Cf 参看 cardinal number (cardinal1), ordinal number (ordinal). 2 (sing or pl in form; always with pl v when the subject is preceded by an adj 可用单数或复数形式; 主语前有形容词时, 动词一定用复数) quantity or amount 数量; 数额: * A large number of people have applied. 很多人都已申请. * Considerable numbers of (ie very many) animals have died. 有大量动物死亡. * The enemy won by force of numbers, ie because there were so many of them. 敌人以人多获胜. * A number of (ie some) problems have arisen. 已经出现了一些问题. * A large number of books have been stolen from the library. 图书馆遗失了很多书. * The number of books stolen from the library is large. 图书馆遗失的书很多. * We were fifteen in number, ie there were fifteen of us. 我们共计十五个人. 3 [sing] (fml 文) group; collection 组; 集体: * one of our number, ie one of us 我们中的一员 * among their number, ie among them 在他们之中. 4 [C] (abbrs 缩写 No, no; US symb 美式的符号为 #) (used before a figure to indicate the place of sth in a series 用於数字前表示某物在某一系列中的位置): * Room number 145 is on the third floor of the hotel. 145号房间在旅馆的四楼. * He's living at No 4, ie house number four. 他住在4号. * No 10 (Downing Street) is the official residence of the British Prime Minister. （唐宁街）10号是英国首相府. 5 [C] issue of a periodical, newspaper, etc （期刊、 报纸等的）一期: * the current number of `Punch' 最近一期的《庞奇》杂志

number1
* back numbers (ie earlier issues) of `Nature' 过期的《自然》杂志. 6 [C] (music 音) song, dance, etc, esp in a theatrical performance 一首歌, 一段舞蹈（尤指在剧场演出的）: * sing a slow, romantic number 唱缓慢的浪漫的歌曲. 7 [U] (grammar) variation in the form of nouns and verbs to show whether one or more than one thing or person is being spoken of （名词和动词的）数（表示所叙述的事物或人是一个或是不止一个）: * `Men' is plural in number. men是复数形式. * The subject of a sentence and its verb must agree in number. 句子的主语和动词的数必须一致. 8 [sing] (preceded by an adj or adjs 用於形容词之後) (sl 俚) item (eg a dress, car, etc) that is admired 喜爱的物品（如连衣裙、 汽车等）: * She was wearing a snappy little red number. 她身着一款时髦的红色连衣裙. * That new Fiat is a fast little number. 那辆新的菲亚特是速度很快的汽车. 9 numbers [pl] (infml 口) arithmetic 算术; 计算: * He's not good at numbers. 他的算术不怎麽样. 10 (idm 习语) by `numbers following a sequence of instructions identified by numbers 根据数字顺序的指示: * drill movement by numbers 按口令的操练动作 * painting by numbers 按数字顺序着色. a cushy number => cushy. have got sb's `number (sl 俚) know what sb is really like, what his intentions really are, etc 了解某人的真面目、 动机等; 知道某人的底: * She pretends to be friendly but I've got her number; she just likes to know everything. 她装得挺亲热, 可我了解她的底; 她就是什麽事都爱打听. in round figures/numbers => round1.sb's `number is up (sl 俚) the time has come when sb will die, be ruined, etc 某人的死期、 劫数等已到: * When the wheel came off the car I thought my number was up! 汽车轮一脱落, 我就想我算完了. number `one (infml 口) (a) oneself 自己: * You can depend on it that she'll always look after number one. 她总是关心自身的利益, 对这一点可以打包票.

number2
(b) the most important (person or thing) 最重要的（人或事物）; 头号的: * This company is number one in the oil business. 这家公司在石油业中首屈一指. * [attrib 作定语] the number one problem, project, etc 最重要的问题、 计画等. sb's opposite number => opposite. there's safety in numbers => safety. times without number => time1. weight of numbers => weight. 派生： number v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] give a number to (sth) 给（某事物）编号: The doors were numbered 2, 4, 6 and 8. 这些门编为2、 4、 6、 8号. * We'll number them from one to ten. 我们将给这些东西编为一至十号. 2 [In/pr] amount to (sth); add up to 计有; 总共: We numbered 20 (ie There were 20 of us) in all. 我们共计20人. 3 (idm 习语) sb's/sth's days are numbered => day. 4 (phr v) number sb/sth among sth include sb/sth in a particular group 将某人[某事物]包括於某群体内: I number her among my closest friends. 我把她归为挚友之列. * I number that crash among the most frightening experiences of my life. 我认为那次事故是我一生中最可怕的遭遇. number off (military 军) call out one's number in a sequence 报数: The soldiers numbered off, starting from the right-hand man. 士兵从右至左报数. numberless adj (fml 文) too many to be counted; innumerable 多得数不清的; 无数的: numberless stars, bacteria, grains of sand 无数的星星、 细菌、 沙粒. =>Usage at invaluable 用法见invaluable. 复合： `number-plate (also esp US licence plate, license plate) n plate on a motor vehicle bearing its registration number （车辆的）牌照. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xii.

numeral
[5nju:mErEl; - 'nu:-; 5numErEl] n word or figurerepresenting a number 数字. Cf 参看 arabic numerals (Arabic), Roman numerals (Roman). =>App 4 见附录4.

numerate
[5nju:mErEt; - 'nu:-; 5numErEt] adj having a good basic knowledge of arithmetic or mathematics in general 识数的; 有数学基本功的: * the importance of making children numerate 使儿童打下良好的数学基础的重要性. Cf 参看 literate 1. > numeracy[5nju:mErEsi;- 'nu:-; 5numErEsi] n [U].

numeration
[7nju:mE'reiFn; - 7nu:-; 7numE'reFEn] n[U] (mathematics 数) 1 method or process of numbering计算; 计算法; 运算过程. 2 expression in words of numbers written in figures 命数法; 读数法.

numerator
[5nju:mEreitE(r); - 'nu:-; 5numE7retl] n number above the line in a vulgar fraction, eg 3 in （分数中的）分子（如numerical /// /nju:'merikl; - nu:-; nu'merikl] adj of, expressed in or representing numbers 数字的; 以数字表示的; 表示数字的: * in numerical order 按数字顺序 * numerical symbols 表示数字的符号. 派生： numerically[-kli; -kli] adv in terms of numbers 在数量上: * The enemy were numerically superior, ie There were more of them. 敌人在数量上占优势.

numerous
[5nju:mErEs; - 'nu:-; 5numErEs] adj (fml 文) very many 很多: * her numerous friends 她的许多朋友 * on numerous occasions 无数次.

numinous
[5nju:minEs; - 'nu:-; 5numEnEs] adj (religion 宗) inspiring awe; divine 令人敬畏的; 神圣的.

numismatics
[7nju:miz'mAtiks; - 7nu:-; 7numiz'mAtiks] n [sing v] study of coins, coinage and medals 钱币学; 奖章的研究. 派生： numismatist/nju:'mizmEtist; - nu:-; nu'mizmEtist] n expert in numismatics; collector of coins and medals 钱币学家; 钱币及奖章收藏家.

numskull
(also numbskull)[5nQmskQl; 5nQm7skQl] n (infml derog 口, 贬) stupid person 笨蛋; 傻瓜.

nun
[nQn; nQn] n woman living in a convent, usu after taking religious vows 修女; 尼姑. Cf 参看 monk. 派生： nunnery[5nQnEri; 5nQnEri] n house where an order of nuns lives; convent 女修道院; 尼姑庵. Cf 参看 monastery.

nuncio
[5nQnsiEu; 5nQnsi7o] n (pl ~s) Pope's ambassadoror representative in a foreign country 罗马教皇的驻外使节.

nuptial
[5nQpFl; 5nQpFEl] adj [attrib 作定语] (fml or joc 文或谑) of marriage or of a wedding 婚姻的; 婚礼的: * the nuptial ceremony 婚礼 * nuptial bliss 婚姻美满. 派生： nuptials n [pl] (fml or joc 文或谑) wedding 结婚; 婚礼: the day of his nuptials 他结婚的日子.

nurse
1[nE:s; nEs] n 1 person, usu female, trained to help a doctor to look after the sick or injured 护士: * Red Cross nurses 红十字会护士 * Male nurses are often employed in hospitals for the mentally ill. 精神病院常雇用男护士护理精神病人. * a psychiatric nurse, ie one who works in a mental hospital 精神病院的护士. 2 (also `nursemaid) woman or girl employed to look after babies or small children 保育员; 保姆; 照顾小孩的女用人. Cf 参看 nanny 1. 3 (also `wet nurse) woman employed to breast-feed a baby who is not her own 奶妈; 奶母.

nursery
[5nE:sEri; 5nEsEri] n 1 place where young children are cared for, usu while their parents are at work, etc 托儿所; 保育院; 育儿室: * a day nursery 日间托儿所. Cf 参看 creche. 2 room in a (usu large) house for the special use of children 幼儿室: * We've turned the smallest bedroom into a nursery for our new baby. 我们已将最小的那间卧室改成新生婴儿的幼儿室. 3 (often pl though referring to a single place 常作复数表示单一处所) place where young plants and trees are grown for transplanting later and usu for sale 苗圃; 育苗场: * I'm going to the nursery/nurseries in Hampton to buy some plants. 我准备到汉普敦的苗圃去买些花草. 复合： `nurseryman[-mEn; -mEn] n (pl -men) man who works in a plant nursery 花圃工; 苗木培育工. `nursery nurse nurse trained to look after small children 保育员. `nursery rhyme (usu traditional) poem or song for children （通常为传统的）儿歌, 童谣. `nursery school school for children aged from 2 or 3 to 5 幼儿园. Cf 参看 playgroup (play1). `nursery slope slope suitable for inexperienced skiers, ie not steep 适合初学滑雪者的坡地. `nursery stakes race for two-year-old horses 两岁口的马参加的比赛.

nurture
[5nE:tFE(r); 5nEtFl] v [Tn] 1 care for and educate (a child) 养育, 教养, 教育（儿童）: * children nurtured by loving parents 受慈爱的双亲养育的孩子. 2 (a) encourage the growth of (sth); nourish 培育, 培养（某物）; 滋养: * nurture delicate plants 培育幼嫩的植物. (b) (fig 比喻) help the development of (sth); support 扶植（某物）; 支持: * We want to nurture the new project, not destroy it. 我们要支持这个新工程, 不要破坏它. 派生： nurture n [U] care; encouragement; support 照顾; 鼓励; 支持: the nurture of a delicate child, plant 对纤弱的孩子、 植物的照料 * the nurture of new talent 对新人 才的扶植.

nut
[nQt; nQt] n 1 [C] (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) fruit consisting of a hard shell with a kernel inside it that can be eaten 坚果: * chocolate with fruit and nuts 果料巧克力 * a Brazil-nut 巴西果 * a hazelnut 榛子. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page i. =>illus 见插图. 2 [C] small (usu six-sided) piece of metal with a hole through the centre, used for screwing onto a bolt to secure it 螺母; 螺帽. =>illus at bolt 见bolt插图. 3 [C] (sl 俚) head (of a person) （人的）头: * He cracked his nut on the ceiling. 他的头让天花板碰破了. 4 nuts [pl] small lumps of coal 小煤块. 5 nuts [pl] ( sl 讳, 俚 esp US) testicles 睾丸: * kick sb in the nuts 踢某人的睾丸. 6 [C] (sl derog 俚, 贬) (a) (Brit also nutter) foolish, eccentric or mad person 傻子; 怪人; 疯子: * He drives like a nut he'll kill himself one day. 他开汽车像个疯子--不定哪天就得撞死. (b) (preceded by a n 用於名词之後) person very interested in sth; fanatic 迷恋於某事物的人; 入迷的人; 迷: * a movie, fitness, health, soccer nut 影迷、 健美迷、 健康迷、 足球迷. 7 (idm 习语) do one's `nut (Brit sl 俚) be very angry 发怒; 气炸: * She'll do her nut when she sees the broken window. 她要是看见窗户破了准得气炸了. for `nuts/`peanuts (Brit sl derog 俚, 贬) (used with a negative 与否定词连用) at all 根本; 全然; 一点都: * He can't play football for nuts! 他对踢足球一点儿不摸门儿. a hard/tough `nut (to crack) (infml 口) (a) difficult problem or situation (to deal with) 难以应付的问题或情况: * The final exam was a tough nut. 毕业考试不好对付. (b) person who is difficult to persuade, influence, etc 难以说服、 影响等的人: * She's a tough nut to crack; I don't think she'll give us permission. 她这个人不好说话, 我想她不会答应我们的. the ,nuts and `bolts (infml 口) basic practical details 基本要点:

nut1
* dealing with the nuts and bolts of the project 处理该计画的基本要点. ,off one's `nut (sl 俚) mad 疯狂的: * You must be off your nut! 你准是疯了! 派生： nutty adj (-ier, -iest) 1 tasting of or containing nuts 坚果味的; 含果仁的: a nutty flavour 坚果的味道 * nuttycake, chocolate, etc 果仁蛋糕、 巧克力等. 2 (sl 俚) crazy; eccentric 发狂的; 古怪的: I love her nutty behaviour! 我倒喜爱她那古怪的举止. 3 (idm 习语) (as) nutty as a `fruitcake (sl 俚) very crazy or eccentric 极疯狂的; 极古怪的. 复合： ,nut-`brown adj (eg of ale) having the dark rich brown colour of ripe hazelnuts （如麦芽啤酒）深棕色的, 栗色的. `nut-case n (sl 俚) mad or eccentric person 疯狂的或古怪的人. `nutcrackers n [pl] pincers for cracking open the shells of nuts 坚果钳. =>illus 见插图. `nut-house n (sl offensive 俚, 蔑) mental hospital 疯人院. `nutshell[-Fel; -Fel] n 1 hard covering around the kernel of a nut 坚果的外壳. 2 (idm 习语) (put sth) in a nutshell (say sth) in very few words 用很少的言语（说明某事物）: * To put it in a nutshell, we're bankrupt. 简断截说, 我们破产了.

nutmeg
[5nQtmeg; 5nQtmeg] n 1 [C] hard fragrant seed of an E Indian tree 肉豆蔻. 2 [U] this seed grated to powder, used as a flavouring in food 肉豆蔻末（用作食物中的香料）.

nutrient
[5nju:triEnt; - 'nu:-; 5nutriEnt] n, adj (fml 文) (substance) serving as or providing nourishment, esp for plants or animals 营养的, 滋养的（物质）: * Plants draw minerals and other nutrients from the soil. 植物从泥土中吸收矿物质和其他养料.

nutriment
[5nju:trimEnt; - 'nu:-; 5nutrEmEnt] n [C, U] (fml 文) nourishing food 营养品; 食物: * essential nutriments for a growing child 儿童成长中必需的营养品.

nutrition
[nju:'triFn; - nu:-; nu'triFEn] n [U] 1 (process of giving and receiving) nourishment; food 营养; 滋养; 食物: * adequate nutrition of the body 身体需要的充足的营养 * This food provides all the nutrition your dog needs. 本食品含有狗所必需的一切营养. 2 the study of human diet 营养学: * a number of books on nutrition 若干本营养学的书. 派生： nutritional[-FEnl; -FEnEl] adj: * the nutritional value of a food 某种食物的营养价值. nutritionally[-FEnEli;-FEnEli] adv. nutritionist[-FEnist; -FEnist] n expert in nutrition 营养学家. nutritious/nju:'triFEs; - nu:-; nu'triFEs] adj (fml 文) of (high) value as food; nourishing 有营养价值的; 营养价值高的; 滋养的: * a nutritious meal, snack, etc 有营养的饭菜、 小吃等. nutritive[5nju:trEtiv; - 'nu:-; 5nutrEtiv] adj (fml 文) 1 serving as food 用作食物的; 有营养的: * a nutritive substance 营养物. 2 of nutrition(1) 营养的: * the nutritive process 营养作用.

nutter
[5nQtE(r); 5nQtl] n (Brit infml 口) = nut 6.

nuzzle
[5nQzl; 5nQzl] v 1 [Tn] press or rub (sb/sth) gently with the nose 以鼻子轻触或轻擦（某人[某物]）: * The horse nuzzled my shoulder 马用鼻子蹭我的肩膀. 2 (phr v) nuzzle up to sb/sth; nuzzle (up) against sb/sth press close to sb/sth, esp by pushing gently with the head or nose 紧挨, 紧贴某人[某物]（尤指用头或鼻子轻拱）: * The dog nuzzled up to/against me on the sofa. 狗在沙发上依偎着我.

NW
abbr 缩写 = North-West (ern): NW Australia 澳大利亚的西北部 * London NW6 2PS, ie as a postal code 伦敦NW6 2PS.

NY
abbr 缩写 = New York 纽约.

NYC
abbr 缩写 = New York City 纽约市.

nylon
[5nailCn; 5nailan] n 1 [U] very strong man-made fibre used for hosiery, rope, brushes, etc 尼龙: * This dress is 80% nylon. 这件连衣裙的料子含80%尼龙. * [attrib 作定语] nylon tights, blouses, etc 尼龙裤袜、 女衬衫等. 2 nylons [pl] women's stockings 女长袜: * a pair of nylons 一双女长袜.

nymph
[nimf; nimf] n 1 (in Greek and Roman mythology) minor goddess living in rivers, trees, hills, etc （希腊与罗马神话）（居住在河里、 林中、 山上等的）小仙女. 2 (esp in poetry 尤用於诗中) young woman, esp a beautiful one 少女; （尤指）妙龄美女. Cf 参看 sylph. 3 young insect (eg a young dragonfly) that has a similar form to the adult （与成虫形状相似的）昆虫的幼虫（如蜻蜓的幼虫）.

nymphet
[nim'fet; nim'fet] n (infml or joc 口或谑) young girl regarded as sexually desirable 性感的少女.

nympho
[5nimfEu; 5nimfo] n (pl ~s) (infml often derog sexist 口, 常作贬义, 性别偏见) nymphomaniac 患色情狂的女子.

nymphomania
[7nimfE'meiniE; 7nimfE'meniE] n [U] excessive and uncontrollable sexual desire in women （女性的）色情狂. 派生： nymphomaniac[-'meiniAk; -'meniAk] n, adj (often derog 常作贬义) (woman) suffering from nymphomania 患色情狂的（女子）.

NZ
abbr 缩写 = New Zealand 新西兰.

o'clock
[E'klCk; E'klak] adv (used with the numbers 1 to 12 when stating the time, to specify an hour 说钟点时与1至12数字连用): * He left between five and six o'clock. 他在五点与六点之间离开的. * go to bed at/after/before eleven o'clock 十一点[之後/之前]睡觉.

o'er
[C:(r); Cr] adv, prep (arch 古) over: * o'er valleys and hills 越过溪谷与山丘.

O, oh
[Eu; o] interj 1 cry of surprise, fear, pain, sudden pleasure, etc 啊, 哎呀, 哎哟, （表示惊讶、 恐惧、 痛苦、 突然的欣喜等）: * Oh look! 瞧哇! 2 expression used when addressing a person, thing, etc （用以称呼人或事物等）（汉语用於词语後）啊, 呀, 哇, 哪: * O God our help in ages past 上帝呀, 自古以来帮助我们的主 * O Zeus! 宙斯啊!

oaf
[Euf; of] n (pl ~s) stupid, clumsy and awkward person (usu male) 傻瓜, 笨蛋（通常指男性）: * Why did she marry that great oaf? 她怎麽会嫁给那个大笨蛋了呢? 派生： oafish adj like an oaf; roughly behaved 蠢笨的; 笨拙的; 粗鲁的: oafish behaviour 愚蠢的行为.

oak
[Euk; ok] n 1 (a) (also `oak-tree) [C] type of tree with tough hard wood, common in many parts of the world 栎树; 橡树; 柞树: * a forest of oaks 栎树林 * [attrib 作定语] an oak forest 栎树林. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page i. (b) [U] wood of this tree 栎木; 橡木; 柞木: * The table is (of) solid oak. 这桌子是纯粹栎木的. * [attrib 作定语] oak panels 栎木板 * an oak table 栎木桌. 2 the Oaks [sing v] name of a horse-race run at Epsom, near London, every year 欧克斯赛（在伦敦附近的埃普瑟姆一年一度的赛马会）. 3 (idm 习语) big/tall/great/large oaks from little `acorns grow (saying 谚) great things may come from small or modest beginnings 大橡树生自小橡实; 合抱之木, 生於毫末; 大事 自小事始. 派生： oaken[5EukEn; 5okEn] adj [attrib 作定语] (dated fml 旧, 文) made of oak 栎木制的; 橡木制的. 复合： `oak-apple n growth on an oak leaf or stem, caused by an insect 栎瘿; 栎五倍子. Cf 参看 gall3.

OAP
[7Eu ei 'pi:; 7o e 'pi] abbr 缩写 = (Brit infml 口) old-age pensioner 领养老金的人.

oar
[C:(r); Cr] n 1 long pole with a flat blade, pulled by hand in order to drive a boat through the water 桨. =>illus at row 见row插图. 2 (idm 习语) put/shove/stick one's `oar in; put/shove/stick in one's `oar (infml 口) give an opinion, some advice, etc without being asked; interfere 干涉; 干预: * I know how to mend a fuse and I don't need you shoving your oar in! 我知道怎麽弄保险丝, 用不着你管! 复合： `oarlock n (US) = rowlock. oarsman[5C:zmEn; 5CrzmEn] n (pl -men), `oarswomann (pl -women) person who rows a boat; rower 划桨人.

OAS
[7Eu ei 'es; 7o e 'es] abbr 缩写 = (US) Organization of American States 美洲国家组织.

oasis
[Eu'eisis; o'esis] n (pl oases[-si:z; -siz] ) 1 fertile place, with water and trees, in a desert （沙漠中的）绿洲. 2 (fig 比喻) experience, place, etc which is pleasant in the middle of sth unpleasant, dull, etc （在枯燥、 厌恶等事物中）使人感到愉快的事、 地方等: * The study was an oasis of calm in a noisy household. 在喧闹的家中, 书房可谓宁静之一隅.

oast
[Eust; ost] n kiln for drying hops 忽布（啤酒花）烘乾. 复合： `oasthouse n building containing an oast 忽布烘乾房.

oats
[Euts; ots] n 1 [pl, sometimes sing v 有时用单数动词] (grain from a) type of cereal plant grown in cool climates as food 燕麦: * Give the horse some oats. 给马喂些燕麦. * fields of ripe barley and oats 成熟的大麦和燕麦田 * Oats is a crop grown widely in Europe. 燕麦是欧洲广泛种植的作物. 2 [sing or pl v] oatmeal porridge 燕麦粥: * Is/Are porridge oats on the breakfast menu? 早餐的食谱上有燕麦粥吗? 3 (idm 习语) feel one's oats => feel1. be getting one's `oats (infml 口) have sex regularly 有正常的性生活. (be) off one's `oats (infml 口) (be) lacking appetite for food 胃口不好: * He's been a bit off his oats since his illness. 他生病以来胃口就不大好. sow one's wild oats => sow2. 复合： `oatcake n [U, C] (esp in Scotland and N England) thin flat cake made of oatmeal （尤指苏格兰和英格兰北部的）燕麦饼: oatcake served with butter and cheese 带黄油和乾酪的燕麦饼. `oatmeal n [U] meal made from crushed oats, used in porridge, oatcakes, etc 燕麦片（用以煮粥、 做燕麦饼等）.

OAU
[7Eu ei 'ju:; 7o e 'ju] abbr 缩写 = Organization of African Unity 非洲统一组织.

ob
abbr 缩写 = died (Latin obiit) 死（源自拉丁文obiit）. Cf 参看 d 2.

obbligato
[7Cbli'ga:tEu; 7abli'gato] n (pl ~s or -ti[-ti:; -ti/) (music 音) accompanying part forming an essential part of a composition 助奏; 助唱: * with piano obbligato 钢琴助奏. 派生： obbligato adj to be included in a performance （演奏或演唱中）不可缺的, 必需的.

obdurate
[5CbdjuErEt; - -dEr-; 5abdErit] adj (fml 文) impossible to change; stubborn 固执的; 执拗的: * an obdurate refusal 坚决的拒绝 * He remained obdurate, refusing to alter his decision. 他依然固执己见, 拒不改变决定. > obduracy[5CbdjuErEsi; - -dEr-; 5abdErEsi] n [U]. obdurately adv: * obdurately refusing to go 坚决不去.

OBE
[7Eu bi: 'i:; 7o bi 'i] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Officer (of the Order) of the British Empire （第四等的）大英帝国最高勋爵; 英帝国官佐勋章: * be (made) an OBE 受封（第四等的）大英帝国最高勋爵位 * Matthew Silkin OBE （第四等的）大英帝国最高勋爵士马修．西尔金.

obedient
[E'bi:diEnt; E'bidiEnt] adj 1 doing what one is told to do; willing to obey 服从的; 顺从的; 听话的: * obedient children 听话的孩子 * His dog is very obedient. 他的狗很顺从. Cf 参看 disobedient. 2 (idm 习语) your obedient `servant (dated fml 旧, 文) (used as a very formal ending to an official letter, before the signature 用作公函的结尾套语, 置於签名之前). 派生： obedience[-Ens; -Ens] n [U] action of obeying; being obedient 服从; 顺从; 听话: * The commanding officer expected unquestioning obedience from his men. 指挥官要下属绝对服从. obediently adv: He whistled, and the dog came obediently. 他一吹口哨, 那狗就乖乖地来了.

obeisance
[Eu'beisns; o'besns] n (dated fml 旧, 文) 1 deep bow (of respect or obedience) 深深的鞠躬（表示尊敬或服从）. 2 (idm 习语) do/pay/make obeisanceto sb show respectful obedience or submission to sb 表示尊从或屈服於某人: * He made obeisance to the king. 他向国王表示臣服.

obelisk
[5CbElisk; 5abl7isk] n tall pointed stone pillar with four sides, set up as a monument or landmark 方尖碑（用作纪念碑或地标）.

obese
[Eu'bi:s; o'bis] adj (fml or medical 文或医) (of people) very fat （指人）过度肥胖的: * Obese patients are advised to change their diet. 建议肥胖病人改变饮食. =>Usage at fat1 用法见fat1. 派生： obesity/Eu'bi:sEti; o'bisEti] n [U] being obese 过度肥胖: * Obesity is a problem for many people in western countries. 西方国家很多人都有过度肥胖的问题.

obey
[E'bei; E'be] v [I, Tn] do what one is told or obliged to do by (sb); carry out (a command ) 服从; 顺从; 执行（命令）: * Soldiers are trained to obey without question. 士兵已训练得绝对服从命令. * obey orders 服从命令 * obey the law 遵守法律.

obfuscate
[5CbfEskeit; 5abfEs7ket] v [Tn] (fml 文) (deliberately) make (sth) confused or difficult to understand （故意）使（某事物）混乱或艰涩难懂: * The writer often obfuscates the real issues with petty details. 那作家常以细枝末节来混淆实质问题.

obiter dictum
[7CbitE 'diktEm; 5abitl'diktEm] n (pl dicta[5diktE; 5diktE] ) (Latin law or fml 拉, 律或文) incidental remark or statement not essential to the main argument 附带意见; 附言.

obituary
[E'bitFuEri; - -tFueri; E'bitFu7eri] (infml 口语作 obit) n printed notice (eg in a newspaper) of a person's death, often with a short account of his life and achievements 讣闻; 讣告: * [attrib 作定语] obituary notices讣闻 * He writes obits for the local newspaper. 他为当地报纸撰写讣文.

object
1[5CbdVikt; 5abdVikt] n 1 solid thing that can be seen and touched 可见到及可触摸的实物; 物体: * glass, wooden and plastic objects 玻璃、 木质和塑料的物体 * There were several objects on the floor of the room. 房间的地板上有几样东西. 2 ~ of sth person or thing to which sth is done or some feeling or thought is directed 对象, 客体（行为、 感觉或思想所及的人或物）: * an object of attention, pity, admiration, etc 注意、 怜悯、 欣赏等的对象 * This church is the main object of his interest. 他最感兴趣的是这座教堂. * The sole object of all the child's affection was a soft toy. 那孩子最心爱的东西是个柔软的玩具. 3 thing aimed at; intention; purpose 目标; 意向; 目的: * with the object of going into business 有打入工商业的意向 * with no object in life 无生活目标 * fail/succeed in one's object 在追求个人目的方面失败[成功] * His one object in life is to earn as much money as possible. 他生活的目标就是尽可能多挣钱. 4 (infml 口 esp Brit) person or thing of strange appearance, esp if ridiculous 怪模怪样的人或物（尤指可笑者）: * What an object you look in that old hat! 你戴着那顶帽子, 样子可真怪! 5 (grammar) noun, noun phrase or noun clause which refers to a person, thing, etc affected by the action of a verb, or which depends on a preposition, eg in He took the money and He took what he wanted, `the money' and `what he wanted' are direct objects; in I gave him the money, `him' is an indirect object; and in I received the money from her, `her' is a prepositional object 宾语（受动词影响的或受介词限制的人或事物, 由名词、 名词词组或名词从句充任, 如在He took the money和He took what he wanted两句中, the money和what he wanted是直接宾语; 在I gave him the money句中, him是间接宾语; 在I received the money from her句中, her是介词宾语）. Cf 参看 subject1 4.

object1
6 (idm 习语) expense, money, etc no `object expense, etc is not important, not a limiting factor, etc 费用、 钱等并不重要、 不是限制因素等: * He always travels first class expense is no object. 他出门总是用头等票--费用不成问题. 复合： object glass, object lens = objective2. `object lesson practical illustration of some principle, often given or used as a warning 实际教训: Let this accident be an object lesson in the dangers of drinking and driving. 这一事故可以作为醉酒驾驶危害的实际教训.

objection
[Eb'dVekFn; Eb'dVekFEn] n 1 [C, U] ~ (to sth/doing sth) (expression of a) feeling of dislike, disapproval or opposition 厌恶; 不赞成; 反对; 异议: * raise/lodge/voice an objection 提出异议 * He has a strong objection to getting up so early. 他十分反感这麽早起床. * I'd like to come too, if you've no objection. 你要不反对的话, 我也愿意来. * Objections to the plan will be listened to sympathetically. 欢迎对该计画提出反对意见. 2 [C] ~ (to/against sb/sth) reason for objecting 反对的理由: * My main objection to the plan is that it would be too expensive. 我反对该计画的主要理由是代价太高. 派生： objectionable[-FEnEbl; -FEnEbl] adj causing opposition or disapproval; unpleasant 引起反对的; 令人反感的; 令人不快的: * an objectionable smell 难闻的气味 * objectionable remarks 令人反感的言语 * His drunken behaviour was extremely objectionable. 他醉後的举动极为讨厌. * I find him most objectionable. 我对他十分厌恶. objectionably[-FEnEbli; -FEnEbli] adv.

objective
[Eb'dVektiv; Eb'dVektiv] adj 1 not influenced by personal feelings or opinions; unbiased; fair 客观的; 不受个人的感情或意见影响的; 无偏见的: * an objective report, account, assessment, etc 客观的报道、 叙述、 评估等 * A jury's decision in a court case must be absolutely objective. 陪审团裁定案件必须绝无偏见. * It's hard for nurses to be objective about their patients, if they become too emotionally involved with them. 护士对病人太动感情就难以客观地处理问题. * He finds it difficult to remain objective where his son is concerned. 他觉得事关自己的儿子就很难保持客观态度了. 2 (philosophy 哲) having existence outside the mind; real 客观存在的; 真实的. Cf 参看 subjective. 3 (grammar) of the object1(5) 宾语的: * the objective case, ie (in Latin and other inflected languages) the form of a word used when it is the object of a verb or a preposition 宾格（词的一种形式, 在拉丁语和其他屈折语中作动词或介词的宾语）. 派生： objective n 1 (a) thing aimed at or wished for; purpose 目标; 目的: Her principal objective was international fame as a scientist. 她的主要目标是当个有国际声誉的科学家. * Everest is the climber's next objective. 埃佛勒斯峰（即珠穆朗玛峰）是这个登山者的下一个目标. * Let justice be our objective. 让正义作我们奋斗的目标吧. (b) (in war) position that soldiers are aiming to capture （战争中要夺取的）军事目标: All our objectives were gained. 我们要夺取的军事目标均已拿下. 2 (also `object glass, `object lens) lens of a microscope or telescope closest to the object being viewed （显微镜或望远镜的）物镜. objectively adv in an objective(1) manner; impartially 客观地; 无偏见地: see/view/judge things objectively 客观地看[观察/判断]事物. objectivity[7CbdVek'tivEti; 7abdVek'tivEti] n state of being objective(1); ability to free oneself from personal prejudice; impartiality 客观（性）; 无偏见:

objective1
* The judge had a reputation for complete objectivity. 那法官素以大公无私着称.

objet d'art
[7CbVei 'da:; 7Cb7Ve'dar] n (pl objets d'art 9CbVeI 5dB:; 9Rb9Ve`dBr) (French 法) small decorative or artistic object 小饰物; 小艺术品: * a house full of antique furniture and objets d'art 摆满古老家具和小艺术品的房子.

oblate
[5Cbleit; 5ablet] adj (geometry 几) (of a sphere) flattened at the top and bottom （指球面）扁圆的, 横椭圆的: * The earth is an oblate sphere. 地球是一扁圆球体.

obligate
[5Cbligeit; 5ablE7get] v [Cn.t usu passive 通常用於被动语态] (fml 文) compel (sb) legally or morally (to do sth) （在法律上或道义上）强迫（某人）（做某事）: * He felt obligated to help. 他觉得有责任予以帮助. * We were obligated to attend the opening ceremony. 我们有必要参加开幕式.

obligation
[7Cbli'geiFn; 7ablE'geFEn] n 1 [C] law, moral pressure, promise, etc that forces one to do sth （法律、 道义、 承诺等的）义务, 职责, 责任: * the obligations of conscience 良心上的责任 * the obligations imposed by parenthood 为人父母者的义务 * repay/fulfil an obligation, eg by returning hospitality that one has received 报恩[尽义务]（如还人情）. 2 [C, U] being forced or required to do sth （被迫或被要求做某事的）责任, 义务: * We attended the party more out of a sense of obligation than anything else. 我们参加那个聚会是迫於人情, 而并无别的原因. 3 (idm 习语) be under an/no obligation (to sb/to do sth) (not) be compelled by law, etc; (not) have a moral duty （没）有义务; （没）有道义责任: * You're under no obligation to pay for goods which you did not order. 没有订购的货物就无须付款. * She's under an obligation to him because he lent her money. 因为他把钱借给她了, 所以她有偿还他的义务. place/put sb under an/no obli`gation (to sb/to do sth) (not) compel sb by law, etc (to do sth); (not) make sb indebted or grateful (to sb) （不）使某人有义务（做某事物）; （不）使某人欠（某人的）人情或受（某人的）恩惠: * Damaging the goods puts you under an obligation to buy them. 你损坏了这些商品, 你就得都买下来. * His kindness places us under an obligation to him. 他待我们很好, 我们觉得欠着他一份人情.

obligatory
[E'bligEtri; - -tC:ri; E'bligE7tCri] adj (fml 文) required by rule, law or custom; compulsory （按规则、 法律或习俗）必须的, 强制的: * Attendance at school is obligatory. 上学是强制性的. * It is obligatory to remove your shoes before entering. 入室必须脱鞋.

oblique
[E'bli:k; E'blik] adj 1 not horizontal or vertical; sloping; slanting 斜的; 倾斜的; 歪斜的: * an oblique line 斜线. 2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (fig 比喻) not going straight to the point; indirect 拐弯抹角的; 间接的: * He made oblique references to her lack of experience. 他拐弯抹角地说她缺乏经验. 派生： oblique n (also oblique stroke, slash) mark (/) used in maths or punctuation to separate numbers, words, etc 用於数学或分隔数字、 文字等的符号（/）, 如 4/5 people, male/female, 25[7/1949. obliquely adv. obliquity/E'blikwEti; E'blikwEti] (also obliqueness)[C, U] (instance of the) state of being oblique 倾斜; 歪斜; 间接. 复合： oblique `angle any angle that is not a right angle (ie not 90); acute or obtuse angle 斜角（非90的角, 即锐角或钝角）.

obliterate
[E'blitEreit; E'blitE7ret] v [Tn] (fml 文) 1 remove all signs of (sth); rub or blot out 除去（某物）的痕迹; 涂去; 擦掉: * obliterate all fingerprints 擦去全部指印 * (fig 比喻) She tried to obliterate all memory of her father. 她想忘却对父亲的一切记忆. * The view was obliterated by the fog. 景色被浓雾遮住了. 2 destroy (sth) completely 彻底破坏或毁灭（某事物）: * The entire village was obliterated by the tornado. 整个村庄被龙卷风摧毁了. > obliteration/E7blitE'reiFn; E7blitE'reFEn] n [U].

oblivion
[E'bliviEn; E'bliviEn] n [U] 1 state of forgetting; state of being unaware or unconscious 遗忘; 忘却; 无感觉; 无知觉: * Alcoholics often suffer from periods of oblivion. 饮酒过度的人常阵阵失去记忆力. * The pain made him long for oblivion. 他疼得恨不得能失去知觉才好. 2 state of being forgotten 被遗忘; 被忘却: * His work fell/sank into oblivion after his death. 他死後, 他的作品便被淡忘了.

oblivious
[E'bliviEs; E'bliviEs] adj [usu pred 通常作表语] ~ of/to sth unaware of or not noticing sth; having no memory of sth 未觉察; 不注意; 忘记: * oblivious of one's surroundings 不注意周围事物 * oblivious to what was happening 对发生的事情无记忆 * oblivious to danger 未觉察到危险. > obliviousness n [U].

oblong
[5CblCN; - -lC:N; 5ablCN] n, adj (figure) with four straight sides and angles of 90, longer than it is wide 长方形; 长方形的: * an oblong table 长方桌 * an oblong bar of chocolate 长方形的巧克力.

obloquy
[5CblEkwi; 5ablEkwi] n [U] (fml 文) public shame or disgrace; abuse; discredit 公开的羞辱; 辱骂; 败坏名誉.

obnoxious
[Eb'nCkFEs; Eb'nakFEs] adj very unpleasant; nasty; offensive 极不愉快的; 讨厌的; 可憎的: * obnoxious behaviour 讨厌的品行 * He is the most obnoxious man I know. 他是我认识的最可憎的人. > obnoxiously adv:obnoxiously drunk 醉得令人讨厌. obnoxiousness n [U].

oboe
[5EubEu; 5obo] n (music 音) woodwind instrument of treble pitch, played through a double reed 双簧管. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page x. 派生： oboist[-ist; -ist] n person who plays the oboe 双簧管吹奏者.

obscene
[Eb'si:n; Eb'sin] adj (of words, thoughts, books, pictures, etc) indecent, esp sexually; disgusting and offensive; likely to corrupt （指词语、 思想、 书画等）下流的, （尤指）淫秽的, 猥亵的, 可憎的, 伤风败俗的: * obscene phone calls 下流的电话 * obscene suggestions, gestures, etc 猥亵的暗示、 姿势等 * obscene literature, language, etc 淫秽的文学、 语言等. 派生： obscenely adv. obscenity/Eb'senEti; Eb'senEti] n 1 [U] being obscene淫秽; 猥亵; 下流: * laws against obscenity on the television禁止在电视上出现有伤风化事物的法令. 2 [C] obscene word or act 淫秽的词语或行为: * He shouted obscenities at the woman. 他用下流话大骂那女子.

obscure
[Eb'skjuE(r); Eb'skjur] adj 1 not easily or clearly seen or understood; indistinct; hidden 不易看清的; 费解的; 不分明的; 隐藏的: * an obscure corner of the garden 花园里偏僻的一角 * Is the meaning still obscure to you? 你觉得意思仍然不清楚吗? * His real motive for the crime remains obscure. 他犯罪的真正动机仍不清楚. 2 not well-known 不着名的: * an obscure poet 名不见经传的诗人 * an obscure village in the country 在乡下的一个不出名的村子. 派生： obscure v [Tn] make (sth) obscure(1); hide (sb/sth) from view 使（某事物）不分明; 遮掩（某人[某事物]）: The moon was obscured by clouds. 月亮被云遮住了. * Mist obscured the view. 薄雾笼罩着周围的景色. * The main theme of the book is obscured by frequent digressions. 该书文字枝蔓, 主题不明. obscurely adv. obscurity/Eb'skjuErEti; Eb'skjurEti] n 1 [U] state of being obscure 不明; 费解; 隐晦; 无闻: * content to live in obscurity 安於默默无闻的生活. 2 [C] (fml 文) thing that is obscure or indistinct 晦涩或不明的事物: * a philosophical essay full of obscurities 充满晦涩文字的哲学文章.

obsequies
[5Cbsikwiz; 5absikwiz] n [pl] (fml 文) funeral ceremonies 葬礼.

obsequious
[Eb'si:kwiEs; Eb'sikwiEs] adj (derog 贬) ~ (to sb) too willing to obey or serve; too respectful (esp in the hope of getting a reward or favour from sb) 逢迎的; 巴结的; 卑躬的: * an obsequious shop owner 善於讨好顾客的店主 * a worker who is obsequious to the boss 对老板卑躬屈膝的人. > obsequiously adv: * obsequiously flattering 阿谀奉承. obsequiousness n [U].

observable
[Eb'zE:vEbl; Eb'zEvEbl] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] that can be seen or noticed 看得见的; 觉察得到的: * an observable lack of enthusiasm 觉察到缺乏热情 * an observable improvement 看得出的改进.

observance
[Eb'zE:vEns; Eb'zEvEns] n 1 [U] ~ (of sth) keeping or observing (observe 2b) a law, custom, festival, holiday, etc （法律、 习俗等的）遵守, 奉行; （节日等的）纪念: * the observance of school rules 对校规的遵守 * the observance of New Year's Day as a public holiday 把元旦当作公众节日的习俗. 2 [C] (fml 文) act performed as part of a religious or traditional ceremony 宗教仪式; 传统庆典: * religious observances 宗教仪式.

observant
[Eb'zE:vEnt; Eb'zEvEnt] adj 1 quick at noticing things 善於观察的; 机警的; 注意的: * An observant shop assistant had remembered exactly what the man was wearing. 有个机警的店员准确记得那个男子的穿着. * Journalists are trained to be observant. 新闻记者都要训练成有敏锐观察力的人. 2 (fml 文) careful to observe(2a) laws, customs, traditions, etc （对法律、 习俗、 传统等）谨慎遵守的: * observant of the rules 遵守规则. > observantly adv.

observation
[7CbzE'veiFn; 7abzl'veFEn] n 1 [U] action of observing; (state of) being observed 观察; 注意: * observation of an animal's behaviour 观察动物的习性 *observation of a patient 观察病人 * We escaped observation,ie were not seen. 我们避开了人们的注意. 2 [U] ability to observe things 观察力: * powers of observation 观察力 * A scientist's observation should be very good. 科学家的观察力应该很敏锐. 3 [C] remark or comment 言语; 评论: * She made one or two observations about the weather. 她说了一两句关於天气的话. 4 observations [pl] (fml 文) (recording of) collected information 观察资料; 观察记录; 观察报告: * He's just published his observations on British bird life. 他刚发表了英国鸟类生活观察报告. 5 (idm 习语) be under obser`vation be carefully and closely watched 受严密监视: * He was under observation by the police. 他受到警方严密监视. keep sb under obser`vation watch sb carefully (esp a suspected criminal or a hospital patient) 严密监视或细心观察某人（尤指嫌疑犯或医院病人）: * The patient is seriously ill and is being kept under continuous observation. 病人病情严重, 现接受持续观察. take an obser`vation observe the position of the sun or another heavenly body in order to find one's exact geographical position 测天（观测太阳或另一天体的位置以确定自己的确切位置）. 复合： obser`vation car special railway carriage in a train, with wide windows for watching the scenery （列车中的）观赏车厢（车窗宽大供观赏风景者）. obser`vation post position from which the enemy's movements can be watched 观察所; 观察哨; 了望哨: an observation post in a border fortress 边界要塞上的观察所.

observatory
[Eb'zE:vEtri; - -tC:ri; Eb'zEvE7tCri] n building from which the stars, the weather, etc can be observed by scientists 天文台; 气象台; 观象台.

observe
[Eb'zE:v; Eb'zEv] v 1 [I, Tn, Tf, Tw, Tnt only passive 只用於被动语态, Tng, Tni] see and notice (sb/sth); watch carefully 看到, 注意到（某人[某事物]）; 观察; 监视: * He observes keenly, but says little. 他观察敏锐, 但是很少说话. * observe the behaviour of birds 观察鸟类的行为 * She observed that he'd left but made no comment. 她看见他离去, 但未置一词. * They observed how the tiny wings were fitted to the body. 他们观看了微型翼的安装情况. * The woman was observed to follow him closely. 有人看到那女子紧跟着他. * The police observed the man entering/enter the bank. 警方监视着那男子进入银行的情况. 2 [Tn] (fml 文) (a) obey (rules, laws, etc) 遵守, 奉行（规则、 法令等）: * observe the speed limit 遵守速度限制规定 * observe the laws of the land 遵守该国法律. (b) celebrate (festivals, birthdays, anniversaries, etc) 庆祝, 过（节日、 生日、 周年等）: * Do they observe Christmas Day in that country? 那个国家的人过圣诞节吗? 3 [Tn, Tf] (fml 文) say by way of comment; remark 评说; 评论: * He observed that it would probably rain. 他说很可能下雨. * `It may rain,’ he observed. ‘可能要下雨, ’他说. 派生： observer n 1 person who observes 观察者; 遵守者; 评论者: an observer of nature 自然界的观察家 * a poor observer of speed restrictions 不遵守速度限制的人. 2 person who attends a conference, lesson, etc to listen and watch but not to take part （会议、 课堂等的）观察员, 旁听者: an observer at a summit conference 高峰会议上的观察员 * send sb along as an observer 派某人作观察员.

obsess
[Eb'ses; Eb'ses] v [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] fill the mind of (sb) continually 使（某人）牵挂、 惦念、 着迷或困扰: * The fear of death obsessed her throughout her old age. 她晚年一直受着死亡恐惧的困扰. * obsessed by/with the fear of unemployment 老是害怕失业 * She was obsessed with the idea that she was being watched. 她总觉得受人监视而心神不宁. 派生： obsession/Eb'seFn; Eb'seFEn] n ~ (with/about sth/sb) 1 [U] state of being obsessed 牵挂; 惦念; 着迷; 困扰: * His obsession with computers began six months ago. 他半年前就迷上了计算机了. 2 [C] thing or person that obsesses; fixed idea that fills the mind 萦绕於心的事物或人; 强迫观念: * He has many obsessions. 他有许多事耿耿於怀. obsessional/Eb'seFEnl; Eb'seFEnl] adj (derog 贬) of, having or causing obsession(s) 困扰於心的; 着迷的; 引起执着想法的: * obsessional thoughts 令人困扰的想法 * an obsessional character 执拗的性格. obsessive/Eb'sesiv; Eb'sesiv] adj (derog 贬) of or having an obsession 萦绕於心的; 有执着想法的: * an obsessive concern for neatness 好整洁癖 * She's obsessive about punctuality. 她对守时十分固执. n (medical 医) person who has an obsession or obsessions 强迫（观念）症患者: * hysterics and obsessives 科病患者与强迫观念症患者 * The psychiatrist has done a lot of work with obsessives. 该精神病学家对强迫症患者做了大量工作. obsessively adv in an obsessive manner 着迷地; 着魔似地; 念念不忘地: * obsessively concerned with her appearance 对她的外貌念念在心.

obsolescent
[7CbsE'lesnt; 7absE'lesnt] adj becoming out of date; going out of use 即将过时的; 逐步废弃或淘汰的: * obsolescent technology 行将过时的技术 * Electronic equipment quickly becomes obsolescent. 电子设备淘汰得很快. 派生： obsolescence[-'lesns; -'lesns] n [U] being obsolescent 过时; 废弃; 淘汰: * a product with built-in/planned obsolescence, ie deliberately designed by the manufacturer not to last long, so that consumers are encouraged to buy again 内设[计画]淘汰的产品（制造商故意设计成不耐久者, 以期消费者再购买）.

obsolete
[5CbsEli:t; 5absE7lit] adj no longer used; out of date 不再使用的; 过时的: * obsolete words found in old texts 在旧文本中发现的不再使用的词语 * The horse-drawn plough is now obsolete in most European countries. 马拉的睱现在欧洲多数国家均已不再使用.

obstacle
[5CbstEkl; 5abstEkl] n (usu fig 通常作比喻) thing in the way that either stops progress or makes it difficult 障碍; 妨害物: * obstacles on the race-course 赛马跑道上设置的障碍物 * obstacles to world peace 世界和平的障碍 * Not being able to pass his mathematics exam proved an obstacle to his career. 他数学考试不及格是他前途上的一大障碍. 复合： `obstacle race race in which the runners have to climb over, under, through, etc various natural or artificial obstacles, such as hedges, ditches, tyres, etc 障碍赛跑.

obstetrics
[Eb'stetriks; Eb'stetriks] n [sing v] (medical 医) branch of medicine and surgery concerned with childbirth 产科学: * gynaecology and obstetrics 妇产科 * She specializes in obstetrics. 她是产科专家. 派生： obstetric/Eb'stetrik; Eb'stetrik] (also obstetrical[-ikl; -kl] ) of obstetrics 产科的: * the obstetric ward 产科病房 * obstetrical complications 产科并发症. obstetrician[7CbstE'triFn; 7abste'triFEn] n doctor who specializes in obstetrics 产科医生: * Her obstetrician could not be present at the birth. 产科医生不能前来为她接生.

obstinacy
[5CbstEnEsi; 5abstEnEsi] n [U] being obstinate; stubbornness 固执; 倔强; 顽固: * His obstinacy was irritating. 他那顽固劲真气人. * Sheer obstinacy prevented her from apologizing. 她固执得就是不道歉.

obstinate
[5CbstEnEt; 5abstEnit] adj 1 refusing to change one's opinion or chosen course of action; stubborn 固执的; 倔强的; 顽固的: * The obstinate old man refused to go to hospital. 那个顽固老头就是不肯进医院. * There's a very obstinate streak in that child, ie Some of his behaviour is very obstinate. 那孩子有的方面非常倔强. 2 not easily overcome or removed 难克服的; 不易去除的: * obstinate resistance 顽强的抵抗 * an obstinate rash on his face 他脸上的顽疹 * an obstinate stain on the carpet 地毯上除不掉的污斑. 3 (idm 习语) obstinate/stubborn as a mule => mule1. > obstinately adv.

obstreperous
[Eb'strepErEs; Eb'strepErEs] adj (fml 文) noisy and uncontrolled; unruly 喧闹失控的;不守秩序的: * obstreperous behaviour, children 难以管束的行为、 儿童 * He becomes obstreperous when he's had a few drinks. 他喝了些酒就爱撒酒疯. > obstreperously adv: * obstreperously drunk 醉得疯疯癫癫的. obstreperousness n [U].

obstruct
[Eb'strQkt; Eb'strQkt] v (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) be or get in the way of (sb/sth); block (a road, passage, etc) 阻碍, 阻挡（某人[某事物]）; 遮断, 阻塞（道路、 通道等）: * Tall trees obstructed his view of the road. 有大树遮挡着, 他看不见道路. * He was charged with obstructing the highway. 他因阻碍公路交通而受控告. (b) [Tn] deliberately prevent (sb/sth) from making progress; put difficulties in the way of (sb/sth) （故意）妨碍（某人[某事物]）; 在（某人[某事物]）的途中设置障碍: * obstruct the police in the course of their duty 妨碍警方执行任务 * obstruct a player on the football field 在足球场上阻挡球员 * obstruct the passage of a bill through Parliament, ie try to prevent a law being passed 阻碍议会通过某法案.

obstruction
[Eb'strQkFn; Eb'strQkFEn] n 1 [U] action of obstructing; being obstructed 阻碍; 障碍; 妨碍: * obstruction of the factory gates 工厂大门的障碍 * a policy of obstruction 阻遏政策. 2 [C] thing that obstructs; obstacle 障碍物; 阻塞物: * an operation to remove an obstruction in the throat, intestine, stomach, etc 去除咽喉、 肠、 胃等梗阻的手术 * obstructions on the road, eg fallen trees 公路上的障碍物（如倒下的树木） * Your car is causing an obstruction, ie getting in the way of others. 你的汽车挡道了. 3 [C, U] (sport 体) (act of) unfairly stopping the movement of a player in the other team 违例阻挡: * commit an obstruction 违例阻挡犯规 * be found guilty of obstruction 被判违例阻挡犯规. 派生： obstructionism[-FEnizEm; -FEn7izEm] n [U] (fml 文) deliberate and systematic obstruction of plans, legislation, etc （对计画、 立法等的）阻挠: * The government were defeated by the obstructionism of their opponents. 政府受到反对派阻挠而挫败. obstructionist[-ist; -ist] n (fml 文) person who uses or favours obstructionism 进行或主张阻挠的人: * a political obstructionist 政治上的阻挠者 * an obstructionist policy 阻挠者的政策.

obstructive
[Eb'strQktiv; Eb'strQktiv] adj obstructing or likely or intended to obstruct 阻碍的; 妨碍的; 阻挠的: * deliberately obstructive 故意妨碍的 * a policy obstructive to our plans 阻挠我们计画的政策. > obstructively adv.

obtain
[Eb'tein; Eb'ten] v 1 [Tn, Dn.pr] ~ sth (for sb)get sth; come to own or possess sth (by buying, borrowing, taking, etc) 取得某物; （经买、 借、 拿等）获得, 得到某物: * Where can I obtain a copy of her latest book? 在哪里能买到她最新出版的书? * He always manages to obtain what he wants. 他总是有办法得到他想要的东西. * I obtained this record for you with difficulty. 我好不容易为你弄到了这张唱片. 2 [I] (fml 文) (of rules, customs, etc) be in use; exist （指规则、 风俗等）通行, 流行: * The practice still obtains in some areas of England. 这种做法在英格兰一些地区仍很流行. 派生： obtainable adj that can be obtained 能得到的; 可获得的: no longer obtainable 再也得不到的 * Are his records still obtainable? 他的唱片还能买到吗?

obtrude
[Eb'tru:d; Eb'trud] v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~(oneself/sth) (on/upon sb/sth) (fml 文) force (oneself, one's opinions, ideas, etc) upon sb/sth, esp when unwanted 强使（自己、 自己的意见、 想法等）加入某人处[某事物中]; 闯入: * I've no wish to obtrude, but... 我无意多管闲事, 但是... * obtrude on sb's grief 硬要过问某人的伤心事 * He persisted in obtruding himself despite our efforts to get rid of him. 尽管我们设法避开他, 他还是硬要插进来. 派生： obtrusion/Eb'tru:Vn; Eb'truVEn] n 1 [U] (fml 文) action of obtruding 强行加入; 闯入: * the obtrusion of unwelcome guests 不速之客的闯入. 2 [C] thing that obtrudes 强加的事物: * unwelcome obtrusions 强加的令人不快的事物. obtrusive/Eb'tru:siv; Eb'trusiv] adj very noticeable or obvious; inclined to obtrude 显着的; 突出的; 强加的; 闯入的: * I find the music in the bar very obtrusive. 我觉得酒吧里的音乐太吵人了. * Try to wear a colour that is less obtrusive. 尽量穿得颜色别太显眼. obtrusively adv. obtrusive-ness n [U].

obtuse
[Eb'tju:s; - -'tu:s; Eb'tus] adj (fml derog 文, 贬) slow to understand; stupid 迟钝的; 愚笨的: * He's being deliberately obtuse. 他装糊涂. * She cannot possibly be so obtuse. 她不可能如此迟钝. > obtusely adv. obtuseness n [U]. 复合： obtuse `angle (geometry 几) angle between 90 and 180 钝角（90-180之间者）. =>illus at angle 见angle插图.

obverse
[5CbvE:s; 5abvEs] n (fml 文) 1 face, side, or part of a thing that is most noticeable or intended to be seen or shown 正面; 前面; 主要的一面: * [attrib 作定语] the obverse side 正面. 2 side of a coin or medal that has the head or main design on it （货币或奖章的）正面: * The head of the Queen appears on the obverse of British coins. 英国硬币的正面有女王的头像. Cf 参看reverse2 2. 3 counterpart; opposite 对应部分; 对立面: * The obverse of love is hate. 与爱相对的是恨.

obviate
[5Cbvieit; 5abvi7et] v [Tn] (fml 文) remove (sth); get rid of 排除, 消除（某事物）: * obviate dangers, difficulties, etc 排除危险、 困难等 * The new road obviates the need to drive through the town. 有了新路, 车辆不必再穿行市区了.

obvious
[5CbviEs; 5abviEs] adj easily seen, recognized or understood; clear 显然的; 明显的; 明白的; 清楚的: * His nervousness was obvious right from the start. 他从一开始就显然十分紧张. * It was obvious to everyone that the child had been badly treated. 大家都清楚那孩子受过虐待. * Spending less money is the obvious answer to his financial problems. 他经济困难, 明摆着的出路是少花钱. 派生： obviously adv as can be clearly seen; plainly 显然; 明白地: Obviously, she needs help. 她显然需要帮助. * He was obviously drunk. 他显然是醉了. =>Usage at hopeful 用法见hopeful. obviousness n [U]: The obviousness of the lie was embarrassing. 那是明摆着的谎话, 真叫人难为情.

ocarina
[7CkE'ri:nE; 7akE'rinE] n small high-pitched musical instrument, shaped like an egg, with holes for the fingertips, played by blowing and made of clay, metal or plastic , 洋 （高音小笛, 形如卵, 用陶土、 金属或塑料制成）.

occasion
[E'keiVn; E'keVEn] n 1 [C] particular time (at which an event takes place) （事情发生的）时刻, 时候, 场合: * on this/that occasion 此时[彼时] * on the present/last occasion 在这次[上次] * on one occasion, ie once 有一次 * on rare occasions 偶尔 * I've met him on several occasions. 我见过他几次. 2 [sing] ~ (for sth) suitable or right time (for sth); opportunity 时机; 机会: * This is not an occasion for laughter. 这不是笑的时候. * I'll buy one if the occasion arises, ie if I get the chance. 有机会我就买一个. * He used the occasion to express all his old grievances against the chairman. 他利用那机会表达了对主席积压已久的怨气. 3 [U] (fml 文) reason; need 原因; 理由; 需要: * I've had no occasion to visit him recently. 我最近无需去看他. * You have no occasion to be angry. 你没有理由生气. * She's not had much occasion to speak French. 她没有多少说法语的需要. 4 [C] special event or celebration 特殊的事件或庆典: * The wedding was quite an occasion. 该婚礼是一盛会. 5 [C] (fml 文) immediate but incidental or subordinate cause (of sth) （偶然的或次要的）直接事因, 近因: * The real cause of the riot was unclear, but the occasion was the arrest of two men. 骚乱的真正原因不明, 但起因是由於逮捕了两名男子. 6 (idm 习语) on oc`casion (fml 文) now and then; whenever there is need 不时; 必要时. on the occasion of sth (fml 文) at the time of (a certain event) 在（某事件）的时候: * on the occasion of his daughter's wedding 在他女儿的婚礼上. (have) a sense of oc`casion (have a) natural feeling for what is right or fitting for a particular event, etc （有）场合意识或应景观念: * He wore his shabbiest clothes to the party: * he has no sense of occasion! 他穿着最寒酸的衣服去参加聚会, 毫无场合意识! 派生： occasion v [Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb)

occasion1
(fml 文) be the cause of sth 引起或招致某事物; 为某事物的原因: What occasioned such an angry response? 何故引起如此愤怒的反应? * Stephen's behaviour occasioned his parents much anxiety. 斯蒂芬的行为使其父母十分担心. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Occasion, opportunity and chance all indicate a time when it is possible to do something. *occasion、 opportunity、 chance都表示有可能做某事的时候. Occasion suggests that the time is socially suitable for the activity *occasion指社交上从事某活动的合适时机: A wedding is an occasion for celebration. 婚礼是欢庆的时刻. * I'll speak to him if the occasion arises. 有机会我跟他说说. Opportunity and chance suggest that the necessary physical circumstances for doing something are present *opportunity和chance指有做某事所必需的实际环境: I took the opportunity of visiting my aunt while I was in Birmingham. 我利用在伯明翰的机会探望了我的姨母. * I hope you get a chance to relax. 希望你有机会松弛一下. Chance can also indicate a degree of probability *chance还可以指可能性的程度: What are your chances of being promoted? 你晋升的可能性如何? Occasion may refer to the particular time when something happens *occasion可指某事发生的时刻: I've met her on several occasions recently. 我最近见到过她好几次.

occasional
[E'keiVEnl; E'keVEnl] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] 1 happening, coming, done, etc from time to time; not regular 偶然的; 偶尔的; 非定时的: * He pays me occasional visits. 他偶尔来看看我. * There will be occasional showers during the day. 白天将偶有阵雨. * I drink an occasional cup of coffee; but usually I take tea. 我偶尔喝杯咖啡, 但平常都喝茶. * He reads the occasional book, but mostly just magazines. 他偶尔也看书, 但大多只看杂志. 2 (fml 文) used, meant, written, etc for a special event 应时的; 应景的; 为某场合的: * occasional verses, eg written to celebrate an anniversary 应景诗 * occasional music for a royal wedding 皇家婚礼上的应制音乐. 派生： occasionally[-nEli; -nEli] adv now and then; at times 偶然地; 不时地; 有时: * He visits me occasionally. 他偶尔来看我. 复合： oc`casional table small table for use as required 备用小桌: The coffee cups were placed on an antique occasional table. 咖啡杯放在一张古色古香的备用小桌上.

Occident
[5CksidEnt; 5aksEdEnt] n the Occident [sing] (fml 文) the countries of the West, ie Europe and America 西方国家. Cf 参看 orient1. 派生： Occidental[7Cksi'dentl; 7aksE'dentl] n (fml 文) person from the Occident 西方人; 西洋人. occidental adj of or from the Occident 西方的; 西洋的.

occult
[C'kQlt; - E'kQlt; E'kQlt] adj (a) only for those with special knowledge or powers; hidden, secret 玄奥的; 神秘的; 隐秘的; 秘密的: * occult practices 神秘的习俗. (b) involving supernatural or magical powers 超自然的; 有魔力的: * occult arts, eg witchcraft 秘术（如魔法）. 派生： the occult n supernatural practices, ceremonies, powers, etc 神秘学（超自然的习俗、 仪式、 力量等）: He's interested in the occult. 他对神秘学很感兴趣. occultist n (fml 文) person involved in or believing in the occult 神秘学者; 术士.

occupant
[5CkjupEnt; 5akjEpEnt] n person who occupies a house, room or position, or who possesses and occupies land （房屋的）居住者; （职位的）占据者; （土地的）占有者: * The previous occupants had left the house in a terrible mess. 前房客走後房里凌乱不堪. * the next occupant of the post 该职位的下一任. 派生： occupancy[-pEnsi; -pEnsi] n 1 [U] action or fact of occupying a house, land, etc （房屋、 土地等）占有, 占领, 占用, 占据: * a change of occupancy 占有权的更换 * sole occupancy of the house 这所房子的唯一占有权. 2 [C] period of occupying a house, etc as an owner or a tenant （房子等的）占有期, 占用期: * an occupancy of six months 六个月的占有期 * During her occupancy the garden was transformed. 在她居住期间花园改观了.

occupation
[7Ckju'peiFn; 7akjE'peFEn] n 1 [U] (a) action of occupying; state of being occupied (occupy 1) 居住; 占据: * the occupation of a house by a family 某家庭在某房子中的居住. (b) taking and keeping possession 占领; 领有: * a country under enemy occupation 被敌人占领的国家 * an army of occupation 占领军. 2 [C] period of time during which a house, country, etc is occupied (occupy 1,2) 居住期; 占据期; 占有期; 占领期: * their four-year occupation of the farm, that country 他们对该农场四年的占用期、 对该国四年的占领期. 3 [C] (a) (fml 文) job; employment 工作; 职业: * `What's your occupation?’ `I'm a dancer.’ ‘你的职业是什麽?’‘我是跳舞的.’ * Please state your name, age and occupation. 请说明姓名、 年龄和职业. (b) activity that occupies a person's (esp spare) time; pastime 占据某人时间的活动; （尤指）业馀活动; 消遣: * She has many occupations including gardening and wine-making. 她有许多消遣, 包括园艺和酿酒. * His favourite occupation is reading. 他的业馀爱好是看书. =>Usage at trade1 用法见trade1. 4 [U, C] action of occupying a building, factory, etc as part of a political or other demonstration （对建 物、 工厂等的）占领, 占据（作为政治等示威行动）. 派生： occupational[-FEnl; -FEnl] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of, caused by or connected with a person's job 职业的; 职业造成的: * an occupational advice service 职业谘询服务. occupational di`sease disease connected with a particular job 职业病: * Skin disorders are common occupational diseases among factory workers. 皮肤病是工人中常见的职业病. occupational `hazard risk or danger connected with a particular job 职业性危害: * Explosions, though infrequent, are an occupational hazard for coal-miners. 矿井爆炸虽然不常发生, 但却是煤矿工人职业中的危险. occupational `therapy way of treating people with certain physical or mental illnesses by giving them creative or productive work to do 职业疗法（给患者创造性或生产性工作以治疗其身心某些疾病的方法）. occupational `therapist specialist in this 职业疗法专家.

occupier
[5CkjupaiE(r); 5akjE7pail] n person who has (esp temporary) possession of land or a building; occupant （土地或建 物的, 尤指临时的）占有者, 占用者, 居住人: * The letter was addressed to the occupier of the house. 这封信是寄给房子的居住人的.

occupy
[5Ckjupai; 5akjE7pai] v (pt, pp -pied) 1 [Tn] live in or have possession of (a house, land, etc) 占用, 占有（房屋、 土地等）: * They occupy the house next door. 他们住在隔壁. * The family have occupied the farm for many years. 这一家在农场已居住多年. 2 [Tn] take possession of and establish troops in (a country, position, etc) （军事）占领（国家、 阵地等）: * The army occupied the enemy's capital. 军队占领了敌国首都. 3 [Tn] take up or fill (time, space, sb's mind, etc) 占据, 充满（时间、 空间、 某人的头脑等）: * The speeches occupied three hours. 发言共占去叁小时. * A bed occupied the corner of the room. 一张床占去了房间的一角. * Her time is fully occupied with her three children. 她的时间全部用在她的叁个孩子身上了. * Many problems occupied his mind. 他脑子里装着许多问题. 4 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ oneself (in doing sth/with sth) fill one's time or keep oneself busy (doing sth/ with sth) 忙着（做某事物）; 忙（於某事物）: * How does he occupy himself now he's retired? 他既已退休, 那如何打发日子呢? * The child occupied himself in playing his flute. 那孩子只顾着吹笛子. 5 [Tn] hold or fill (an official position) 担任（某职）; 居（某地位）: * My sister occupies an important position in the Department of the Environment. 我姐姐在环境部担任要职. 6 [Tn] place oneself in (a building, etc) as a political or other demonstration （作政治等方面示威）占领, 占据（某建 物等）: * The terrorists have occupied the Embassy. 恐怖分子占领了大使馆. * The striking office workers have occupied the whole building. 罢工的办公室人员占据了整座建 物. 派生： occupied adj [pred 作表语] 1 in use; filled 在使用中; 已占用; 不空闲: This table is already occupied. 这桌位已经有主儿了. =>Usage at empty1 用法见empty1. 2 ~ (in doing sth/with sth) involved or busy 无暇; 忙碌: She's occupied at the moment; she cannot speak to you. 她这会儿很忙, 无法和你谈话.

occupy1
* He's fully occupied in looking after/with three small children. 他忙於照料叁个小孩儿.

occur
[E'kE:(r); E'kE] v (-rr-) 1 (a) [I] come into being as an event or a process; happen 发生: * When did the accident occur? 事故是什麽时候发生的? * Death occurred about midnight, the doctor says. 医生说大约是在半夜死的. (b) [I, Ipr] (fml 文) exist; be found 存在; 被发现: * Misprints occur on every page. 每页都有印刷错误. * The disease occurs most frequently in rural areas. 那疾病多见於农村地区. =>Usage at happen 用法见happen. 2 [Ipr] ~ to sb come into (a person's mind) 想到; 想起: * An idea has occurred to me. 我有主意了. * Did it ever occur to you that...? ie Did you ever think that...? 你可曾想到...? * It never occurred to her to ask anyone. 她从未想到问问他人.

occurrence
[E'kQrEns; E'kQrEns] n 1 [C] event; incident; happening 事件; 事情; 发生的事: * Robbery is now an everyday occurrence. 抢劫的事现在每天都有. * an unfortunate occurrence 不幸事件. 2 [U] (fml 文) fact, frequency, etc of sth happening 事情发生的事实或频繁: * He's studying the occurrence of accidents on this piece of road, ie how often, etc they take place. 他在研究这段路上发生事故的情形. 3 (idm 习语) be of frequent, rare, common, etc oc`currence (fml 文) happen or take place frequently, rarely, etc 经常、 很少...发生: * Riots are of frequent occurrence in this province. 这省经常发生骚乱. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Compare event, occurrenceand incident. 试比较event、 occurrence、 incident叁词. Occurrence is the most neutral and does not indicate a particular type of happening *occurrence为中性词, 并不特指某类型的事: Divorce has become an everyday occurrence. 离婚已成为每天都有的事了. An event is often a happening of importance *event常指重大事件: Their wedding will be quite an event, ie a large number of people will attend. 他们的婚礼将是件大事（即将有许多人参加）. * The events of 1968 changed Western society. 1968年的事件改变了西方社会. An incident is usually of less importance, often occurring in a narrative *incident通常指不太重要的事情, 经常出现於叙述中: You don't have to write down every little incident in your life. 你不必把生活中每一件事都记录下来. It can also refer to a conflict or disagreement, often involving violence 这个词还可指冲突或不和, 常涉及暴力行动: The kidnapping caused an international incident. 这一绑架事件引起了国际纠纷.

ocean
[5EuFn; 5oFEn] n 1 [U] mass of salt water that covers most of the earth's surface 洋; 海洋; 大海: * [attrib 作定语] an ocean voyage 海洋航行 * the ocean waves 海浪. 2 Ocean [C] one of the main areas into which this is divided （地球上划分出的）洋: * the Atlantic/Pacific/Indian/Arctic/Antarctic Ocean 大西洋[太平洋/印度洋/北冰洋/南冰洋]. 3 (idm 习语) a drop in the bucket/ocean => drop1. oceans of sth (infml 口) very many or much; lots of sth 很多; 大量: * oceans of food and drink 大量的食物和饮料 * Don't worry we've got oceans of time. 别担心--我们有的是时间. 派生： oceanic[7EuFi'Anik; 7oFi'Anik] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (fml 文) of, like or found in the ocean （似）海洋的; 见於海洋的: * an oceanic survey 海洋调查 * oceanic plant life 海洋植物. oceanography[7EuFE'nCgrEfi; 7oFE'nagrEfi] n [U] scientific study of the oceans 海洋学. oceanographer n specialist in this 海洋学家. 复合： `ocean-going adj (of ships) made for crossing the sea, not for coastal or river journeys （指船）远洋的, 越洋的. ocean `lane one of the routes regularly used by ships 远洋航线; 远洋航路: The ocean lanes are always busy. 远洋航路总是很繁忙.

ocelot
[5EusilCt; - 'CsElEt; 5asE7lEt] n type of Central and S American wild cat, similar to a leopard 小豹猫（产於中南美）.

ochre
(US also ocher)[5EukE(r); 5okl] n [U] 1 (any of various types of) light yellow or red earth used for making colourings, eg in paints 赭石（用作颜料）. 2 light yellowish-brown colour 赭色; 暗棕色; 土黄色; 红褐色: * He painted the walls ochre. 他把墙壁涂成赭色了.

Oct
abbr 缩写 = October: 6 Oct 1931 1931年10月6日.

octagon
[5CktEgEn; - -gCn; 5aktE7gan] n (geometry 几) flat figure with eight sides and eight angles 八边形; 八角形. 派生： octagonal/Ck'tAgEnl; ak'tAgEnl] adj having eight sides 八边形的; 八角形的: * an octagonal coin, table, building 八角形硬币、 桌子、 建 物 * The room is octagonal. 这个房间是八角形的.

octane
[5Cktein; 5akten] n hydrocarbon compound present in petrol and used as a measure of its quality and efficiency 辛烷. 复合： `octane number (also `octane rating) measure of the efficiency and quality of a petrol in comparison with those of a fuel taken as standard (the highest number indicating the highest quality) 辛烷值.

octave
[5Cktiv; 5aktiv] n 1 (music 音) (a) note that is six whole tones above or below a given note 第八音. (b) space between two such notes 八度: * These notes are an octave apart. 这些音相距八度. (c) note and its octave played together 八度和音: * The child's hands are too small to stretch to an octave on the piano. 这孩子的手太小, 按不到钢琴上八度和音的键. (d) note and its octave with the six notes in between 八度音程（包括两个八度音之间的六个音）. Cf 参看 scale2 6. 2 (also octet) (in poetry) first eight lines of a sonnet; verse of eight lines （诗）十四行诗的前八行, 八行诗.

octavo
[Ck'teivEu; ak'tevo] n (pl ~s) (abbrs 缩写 oct, 8vo) (size of a) book or page produced by folding a piece of paper of standard size three times to give eight sheets 八开; 八开的纸; 八开本的书.

octet
(also octette)[Ck'tet; ak'tet] n 1 (piece of music for) eight singers or players 八重唱; 八重奏; 八重演唱或演奏者: * an octet by a modern composer 现代作曲家创作的八重奏乐曲 * a jazz octet 爵士乐八重奏. 2 = octave 2.

October
[Ck'tEubE(r); ak'tobl] n [U, C] (abbr 缩写 Oct) the tenth month of the year, next after September 十月. For the uses of October see the examples at April. 关於October的用法见April词条中的示例.

octogenarian
[7CktEdVi'neEriEn; 7aktEdVE'neriEn] n person between 80 and 89 years of age 八旬老人（80至89岁之间）: * She is very active for an octogenarian. 她已经是八旬老人了, 还很精神.

octopus
[5CktEpEs; 5aktEpEs] n (pl ~es) sea-animal with a soft body and eight long arms with suckers on them 章鱼: * Have you ever tasted octopus? 你吃过章鱼吗? Cf 参看 squid.

ocular
[5CkjulE(r); 5akjEll] adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] (fml 文) 1 of, for, by, the eyes 眼睛的; 适於眼睛的; 用眼睛的: * ocular defects 视力缺陷. 2 that can be seen; visual 可见的; 视觉的: * ocular proof/demonstration 可见到的证实.

oculist
[5Ckjulist; 5akjElist] n specialist in treating diseases and defects of the eye 眼科医生.

odd
[Cd; ad] adj (-er, -est) 1 strange; unusual; peculiar 奇怪的; 不寻常的; 古怪的: * What an odd man! 多古怪的男人哪! * How odd! 多奇怪呀! * She wears rather odd clothes. 她穿的衣服很怪. * She gets odder as she grows older. 她越老越古怪. 2 (no comparative or superlative 无比较级或最高级) (of numbers) that cannot be divided by two; not even （指数目）奇数的: * 1, 3, 5 and 7 are odd numbers. 1、 3、 5、 7是奇数. 3 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (no comparative or superlative 无比较级或最高级) (a) of one of a pair, set, series, etc when the other(s) is/are missing 单的（指一双、 一套、 一组...中的单个）: * an odd shoe/sock/glove 单只的鞋[袜子/手套] * two odd volumes of an encyclopedia 百科全书中的两个单本 * You're wearing odd socks, ie two that do not form a pair. 你穿的两只袜子不是一双. (b) left over; extra; surplus 剩馀的; 多馀的; 多出的: * She made a cushion out of odd bits of material. 她用碎布头做了个靠垫. 4 (no comparative or superlative; usu placed directly after a number 无比较级或最高级, 通常直接置於数字之後) a little more than 稍多於: * five hundred odd, ie slightly more than 500 五百多 * thirty-odd (ie between 30 and 40) years later 叁十多年後 * twelve pounds odd, ie 12 and some pence extra 十二英镑多. 5 [attrib 作定语] (no comparative or superlative 无比较级或最高级) not regular or fixed; occasional 不规则的; 非固定的; 临时的: * weed the garden at odd times/moments, ie at various irregular moments 用零星时间给花园除草 * I take the odd bit of exercise, but nothing regular. 我偶尔稍微锻炼一下, 但无规律. * The landscape was bare except for the odd cactus. 那片地上除了偶见的仙人掌以外, 什麽都没有. * Do you have an odd minute (ie a little spare time) to help me with this? 你有空儿帮我做这件事吗? 6 (idm 习语) an odd/a queer fish => fish1. the/an odd man/one `out (a) person or thing left over when the others have been put into pairs or groups 配对或分组时多出的人或物:

odd1
* There's always an odd one out when I sort out my socks. 我给袜子配对时, 总是有单只的剩下. * That boy is always the odd man out when the children are divided into teams. 孩子分组时, 那男孩总是单个儿. (b) person or thing that is different from the others 与众不同的人或物: * Banana, grape, apple, daisy which of these is the odd one out? 香蕉、 葡萄、 苹果、 雏菊--这几样东西哪一样与众不同? (c) (infml 口) person who cannot fit easily into the society, community, etc of which he is a member 与集体不融洽的人; 不合群者: * At school she always felt the odd one out. 她上学时总觉得和大家格格不入. * His formal clothes made him the odd one out in the club. 他衣冠楚楚, 在俱乐部中如鹤立鸡群. 派生： oddly adv in a strange or peculiar manner 奇怪地; 古怪地: behave oddly 行为怪异 * be oddly dressed 衣着奇特 * She looked at him very oddly. 她怪模怪样地看着他. * Oddly enough, we were just talking about the same thing. 说也奇怪, 我们刚谈的正是这件事. oddness n [U] quality of being odd(1); strangeness 奇怪; 古怪; 怪异; 与众不同: the oddness of her appearance 她的怪模怪样 * His oddness frightened her. 他那古怪的样子把她吓了一跳. 复合： `oddball n (infml 口) strange or eccentric person 古怪的人: The new boss is a bit of an oddball. 新老板有点古怪. ,odd `jobs small jobs of various types, usu done for other people 零工; 零活儿: He did odd jobs around the house during his holiday. 假日中他在家做些零活儿. * The man does odd jobs in my father's garden. 那人在我父亲的花园里打零工. odd `job man/mn; mAn] person paid to do such jobs 打短工者; 做散工者. `odd-looking adj of strange or unusual appearance 外观奇特的; 样子异常的: an odd-looking house 样子奇特的房子 * She's rather odd-looking. 她的样子很怪.

oddity
[5Cditi; 5adEti] n 1 [U] (also oddness) quality of being odd(1); strangeness 奇特; 古怪; 奇怪: * I was puzzled by the oddity of her behaviour. 她行为古怪我感到莫名其妙. 2 [C] unusual act, event, person or thing 异常的行为、 事情、 人或东西: * a grammatical oddity 语法上的怪异 * He's something of an oddity in the neighbourhood, ie unusual in some ways. 左邻右舍的人觉得他有些古怪.

oddment
[5CdmEnt; 5admEnt] n (usu pl通常作复数) piece left over or remaining; remnant 剩馀物; 零头: * a chair sold as an oddment at the end of the sale 减价销售最後, 作为剩馀货物售出的椅子 * a patchwork quilt made out of oddments 用布头拼成的被. Cf 参看 odds and ends (odds).

ode
[Eud; od] n (usu long) poem expressing noble feeling, often written to a person or thing, or celebrating some special event （通常为长篇的）颂诗: * Keats's `Ode to Autumn' 济慈的《秋颂》.

odious
[5EudiEs; 5odiEs] adj (fml 文) 1 disgusting; hateful 可憎的; 可恨的: * What an odious man! 多可恨的男子! * I find his flattery odious. 我觉得他的谀词十分讨厌. 2 (idm 习语) comparisons are odious => comparison. > odiousness n [U].

odium
[5EudiEm; 5odiEm] n [U] (fml 文) general or widespread hatred or disgust felt towards a person or his actions 憎恨; 厌恶: * behaviour that exposed him to odium 他那招人憎恶的行为 * He incurred the odium of everyone by sacking the old caretaker. 他因解雇老管理员而激起公愤.

odometer
[C'dCmitE(r), Eu'-; o'damEtl] n (US) = milometer.

odorous
[5EudErEs; 5odErEs] adj (dated fml 旧, 文) having a (pleasant or unpleasant) smell 有（香的或臭的）气味的.

odour
(US odor)[5EudE(r); 5odl] n (fml 文) 1 [C] (pleasant or unpleasant) smell （香的或臭的）气味: * the delicious odour of freshly-made coffee 新煮的咖啡的香味 * the unpleasant odour of over-ripe cheese 乾酪过熟的臭味 * emit, give off a pungent odour 发出辛辣的气味 * (fig 比喻) An odour of corruption hangs about him. 他浑身散发着腐化堕落的气味. 2 (idm 习语) be in good/bad `odour (with sb) be well/badly thought of (by sb); have a good/bad reputation (with sb) 受[不受]（某人）欢迎; 声誉好[坏]: * I'm in rather bad odour with my boss at the moment. 现在老板对我很反感. 派生： odourless adj without a smell 无气味的: an odourless liquid 无气味的液体 * Our new product will keep your bathroom clean and odourless. 我厂新产品能保持您的浴室洁净无味.

odyssey
[5Cdisi; 5adEsi] n long adventurous journey 长途的冒险行程: * (fig 比喻) a spiritual odyssey 精神上的长征.

OECD
[7Eu i: si: 'di:; 7o i si 'di] abbr 缩写 = Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development 经济合作与发展组织.

oecumenical
= ecumenical.

Oedipus complex
[5i:dipEs kCmpleks; - 'ed-;'edEpEs 'kampleks] (psychology 心) unconscious sexual desire of a child for the parent of the opposite sex (esp of a boy for his mother), and jealousy of the other parent 俄狄浦斯情结（儿童对异性生身亲长的性欲望, 对同性生身亲长的忌妒）; （女）恋父情结; （尤指）（子）恋母情结.

oesophagus
(also esp US esophagus)[i'sCfEgEs; i'safEgEs] n (pl ~es or -gi/dVai; 7dVai] ) (medical 医) tube through which food, etc passes from the mouth to the stomach; gullet 食道; 食管: * cancer of the oesophagus 食道癌. =>illus at digestive, throat 见digestive、 throat插图.

oestrogen
[5i:strEdVEn; 5estrEdVEn] (also esp US estrogen[5es-; 5es-] ) n [U, C] any of a group of female sex hormones, produced by the ovaries, which develop and maintain the characteristic features of the female body, eg large breasts, and prepare the body for pregnancy 雌激素: * an oestrogen deficiency 雌激素缺乏. Cf 参看 progesterone.

off
stage

offal
[5Cfl; - 'C:fl; 5Cfl] n [U] internal parts of an animal (eg heart, kidneys, liver, brains, etc) used as food; once considered to be less valuable than its flesh （食用的）动物内脏, 下水: * Offal is now thought to be very nutritious. 现在认为下水很有营养.

offence
(US offense)[E'fens; E'fens] n 1 [C] ~ (against sth) breaking of a rule or law; illegal act; crime 犯规; 犯法; 违法行为; 罪行: commit an offence 犯过错 * an offence against society, humanity, the state, etc 违反社会、 人性、 国家等的罪行 * a capital offence, ie one punishable by death 死罪 * sexual offences 性犯罪 * be charged with a serious offence 被控犯重罪 * Because it was his first offence (ie the first crime of which he'd been found guilty), the punishment wasn't too severe. 他因属初犯而获从轻惩处. 2 [U] ~ (to sb/sth) (act or cause of) upsetting or annoying (sb); insult 使（某人）不悦, 恼怒（的行为或原因）; 冒犯: I'm sorry; I intended no offence when I said that. 对不起, 我说那事并无恶意. * I'm sure he didn't mean to cause offence (to you). 我肯定他并非有意得罪你. * The anti-British propaganda gave (ie caused) much offence. 反英宣传触犯了众怒. 3 [C] ~ (to sb/sth) (fml 文) thing that causes displeasure, annoyance or anger 使人不悦、 讨厌或生气的事物: The new shopping centre is an offence to the eye, ie unpleasant to look at. 新购物中心很不顺眼. 4 [U] (fml 文) attack 攻击: weapons of offence rather than defence 攻击型的而不是防御型的武器. 5 (idm 习语) no of`fence (to sb) (used to explain that one does/did not intend to upset or annoy sb 用以解释自己无意冒犯或触怒某人): I'm moving out no offence to you or the people who live here, but I just don't like the atmosphere. 我要搬出去了--请你或住在这里的人不要见怪, 我只不过是不喜欢这里的空气罢了. take of`fence (at sth) feel hurt, upset or offended (by sth) 觉得受到（某事物的）伤害、 烦扰或招惹: She's quick to take offence, ie easily offended. 她动不动就生气.

offend
[E'fend; E'fend] v 1 (a) [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] cause (sb) to feel upset or angry; hurt the feelings of 触怒, 冒犯（某人）; 伤（某人）的感情: * She was offended at/by his sexist remarks. 他那些性别歧视的话把她惹恼了. * She may be offended if you don't reply to her invitation. 她请你, 你要是不回个信儿就可能把她得罪了. (b) [Tn] cause displeasure or annoyance to (sb/sth) 使（某人）不快, 恼怒; 使（某物）不适: * sounds that offend the ear 刺耳的声音 * an ugly building that offends the eye 一座难看的建 物. 2 [Ipr] ~ against sb/sth (fml 文) do wrong to sb/sth; commit an offence against sb/sth 触犯、 冒犯或得罪某人; 触犯、 侵犯或违犯某事物:offend against humanity 违反人性 * His conduct offended against the rules of decent behaviour. 他的行为已经离格儿了. 派生： offender n (a) person who offends, esp by breaking a law 冒犯者; 犯规者; （尤指）犯法者, 犯罪者, 犯人: an offender against society 为害社会的人. (b) person found guilty of a crime 罪犯; 有罪者: a persistent offender 惯犯. Cf 参看 first offender (first1).

offense
[E'fens; E'fens] n 1 [Gp, U] (US sport 体) attacking team or section; method of attack 攻方; 进攻的方法: * Their team had a poor offense. 他们队进攻不力. * They deserved to lose; their offense was badly planned. 他们也该输, 进攻全无章法. Cf 参看 defence 3. 2 [C, U] (US) = offence.

offensive
[E'fensiv; E'fensiv] adj 1 upsetting or annoying; insulting 烦扰人的; 使人恼怒的; 冒犯的; 得罪人的: * offensive remarks, language, behaviour 无礼的言语、 语言、 行为 * I find your attitude most offensive. 我觉得你十分失态. Cf 参看 inoffensive. 2 disgusting; repulsive 讨厌的; 使人反感的: * an offensive smell 难闻的气味 * She finds tobacco smoke offensive. 她对烟草的烟很反感. 3 (fml 文) used for, or connected with, attack; aggressive 用於进攻的; 与进攻有关的; 侵犯的: * offensive weapons 进攻性武器 * an offensive style of play in rugby 橄榄球赛的进攻型风格. Cf 参看 defensive. 派生： offensive n 1 aggressive action, campaign or attitude; attack 进攻的行动; 进攻; 攻势; 攻击: The new general immediately launched an offensive against the enemy. 新任命的将军立即向敌人发起攻击. * (fig 比喻) The company has launched a strong marketing offensive to try to increase sales. 公司已发动争取市场的强大攻势以期增加销售量. 2 (idm 习语) be on the offensive be making an attack; act aggressively 采取攻势; 主动出击: (fig 比喻) He's always expecting criticism of his work, so he's always on the offensive. 他料到自己的作品总归要受到批判, 所以总是以攻为守. * It's difficult to make friends with her; she's constantly on the offensive. 跟她交朋友十分困难; 她这个人口角尖酸、 咄咄逼人. go on/take the of`fensive begin to attack 开始攻击: In meetings she always takes the offensive before she can be criticized. 在会上, 她不等别人批评她而总是先发制人. offensively adv: offensively loud music 喧闹已极的音乐 * offensively ugly buildings 丑陋不堪的建 物. offensiveness n [U].

offer
[5CfE(r); - 'C:f-; 5Cfl] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) (for sth) put forward sth (to sb) to be considered and accepted or refused; present （向某人）提出某事物供考虑、 接受或拒绝; 提供: * The company has offered a high salary. 公司已提出高薪相聘. * She offered a reward for the return of her lost bracelet. 她为寻回遗失的手镯提出以酬金答谢. * I've been offered a job in Japan. 日本有份工作要聘请我去做. * He offered her a cigarette. 他敬她一枝烟. * We offered him the house for ￡35000. 这所房子我们向他索价35000英镑. * He offered ￡30000 for the house. 他还价30000英镑买这所房子. 2 [I, Tn, Tt, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) show or express the willingness or intention to do, give, etc sth 表示愿意或有意做、 给...某事物: * I don't think they need help, but I think I should offer anyway. 我认为他们无须帮助, 不过我想我应有所表示. * They offered no resistance. 他们没有抵抗. * We offered to leave. 我们表示要走了. * We offered him a lift, but he didn't accept. 我们建议他搭我们的车, 但他没有接受. * The company offered the job to someone else. 公司把这工作给别人了. 3 [I] (fml 文) occur; arise 发生; 出现; 呈现: * Take the first opportunity that offers, ie that there is. 有机会切勿放过. 4 [Tn] (fml 文) give opportunity for (sth); provide 为（某事物）提供机会; 给予: * The job offers prospects of promotion. 这份工作有晋升的机会. * The trees offered welcome shade from the sun. 这些树凉儿十分宜人. 5 [Tn, Tn.p, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth/sb (up) (to sb) (for sth) (fml 文) present or give sth/sb, usu to God or a god and esp as a sacrifice 奉献, （通常指向上帝或其他神）祭献（某事物[某人]）（尤指作为牺牲）: * She offered (up) a prayer to God for her husband's safe return. 她向上帝祷告保佑她丈夫平安回来. * A calf was offered up as a sacrifice to the goddess. 向女神祭献了一头牺牲小牛.

offer1
6 (idm 习语) `offer itself/themselves (fml 文) be present; happen 有; 出现; 发生: * Ask her about it when a suitable moment offers itself. 这个问题你在适当的时候问问她吧. offer (sb) one's `hand (fml 文) hold out one's hand (in order to shake hands with sb) 伸出手（为和某人握手）: * He came towards me, smiled and offered his hand. 他向我走来, 微笑着伸出手来和我握手. offer one's hand (in `marriage) (fml 文) propose marriage to a woman 向女子求婚. 派生： offer n 1 [C] ~ (to sb/to do sth) statement offering to do or give sth to sb （为某人做某事物或给某人某事物的）提议, 建议: an offer of help from the community 社区提出的帮助建议 * your kind offer to help 你愿意帮忙的好意 * an offer of marriage (ie proposal) to the youngest sister 向最小的妹妹的求婚. 2 [C] ~ (for sth) amount offered 提供考虑的数量; 出价: a firm offer, ie one which was genuinely meant and not likely to be withdrawn 实盘 * I've had an offer of ￡1200 for the car. 有人向我出价1200英镑买这辆汽车. * They made an offer which I couldn't refuse. 他们出的价我十分满意. 3 (idm 习语) be open to (an) offer/offers => open1. on `offer for sale at a reduced price 削价出售: Baked beans are on offer this week at the local supermarket. 当地超级市场本周烘豆罐头大减价. or nearest offer => near1. under `offer (Brit) (of a building for sale) having a prospective buyer who has made an offer （指待售房屋）已有人出价要买: The office block is under offer. 办公大楼已有人出价购买. offering[5CfEriN; - 'C:f-; 5CfEriN] n 1 [U] action of presenting sth (to be accepted or refused) 提供, 给予（以备对方接受或拒绝）: * the offering of bribes 行贿 * the offering of financial assistance 提供财务帮助. 2 [C] (fml 文) thing offered, esp as a gift or contribution 提供之物; （尤指）礼物, 奉献物: * a church offering 给教堂的捐献

offer2
* He gave her a box of chocolates as a peace offering, ie in the hope of restoring peace after an argument, etc. 他送她一盒巧克力以示和解之意.

offertory
[5CfEtri; - -tC:ri; 5Cfl7tCri] n [C] (fml 文) money collected during or at the end of a religious service （礼拜时的）献金: * [attrib 作定语] Money should be put in the offertory box. 献金应放进奉献箱里.

offhand
[7Cf'hAnd; - 7C:f-; 5Cf'hAnd] adj (of behaviour,speech, etc) too casual; abrupt （指行为、 言语等）过於随便的, 唐突的: * He was rather offhand with me. 他对我未免太随便了. * I don't like his offhand manner. 我不喜欢他那粗鲁的态度. 派生： offhand adv without previous thought 未假思索地; 不经考虑地: I can't say offhand how much money I earn. 我一下子说不上来我挣多少钱. * Offhand I can't quote you an exact price. 我无法立即给你报个准价. offhanded adj: an ,offhanded `attitude 过於随便的态度. off-handedly adv.

office
[5Cfis; - 'C:f-; 5Cfis] n 1 [C] (a) [C often pl 常作复数] room(s) or building used as a place of business, esp for clerical or administrative work 办公室; 办公楼: * our London offices 我们在伦敦的办事处 * Our office is in the centre of the town. 我们的办公楼在市中心. * [attrib 作定语] an `office job 办公室的工作 * `office equipment, ie stationery, typewriters, etc 办公设备 * `office workers 办公室工作人员. (b) (usu small) room in which a particular person works （通常指小的）办公室, 事务所, 办事处: * a lawyer's office 律师事务所 * the school secretary's office 学校秘书办公室 * The editors have to share an office. 编辑须合用一间办公室. (c) (US) doctor's surgery 诊所: * the pediatrician's office 小儿科诊所. 2 [C] (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) room or building used for a particular purpose (esp to provide a service) 有特定用途的房间或建 物（尤指服务性的）: * the lost `property office 失物招领处 * a `ticket office at a station 火车站售票处 * the local `tax office 地方税务所. 3 Office [sing] (esp in compounds尤用以构成复合词) (buildings of a) government department, including the staff, their work and duties （政府部门的）部, 局, 厅（的建 物）: * the `Foreign Office 外交部 * the`Home Office 内政部. 4 [C, U] (work and duties connected with a) (public) position of trust and authority, esp as (part of) the government 公职; 官职; 公务: * He has held the office of chairman for many years. 他当主席已经很多年了. * seek/accept/leave/resign office as a cabinet minister 谋求[接受/放弃/辞退]内阁阁员的职务 * the office of mayor 市长职位 * His political party has been out of office (ie has not formed a government) for many years. 他们政党已在野多年. * Which political party is in office in your country? 贵国是哪一个政党执政?

office1
5 Office [sing] (religion 宗) authorized form of Christian worship （基督教徒的）仪式, 祷告: * Divine `Office, ie daily service in the Roman Catholic church 日课（天主教的每日礼拜） * the Office for the dead 为死者举行的宗教仪式. 6 (idm 习语) ,lay down `office (fml 文) resign a position of authority 辞职. through sb's good `offices (fml 文) with sb's kind help 承某人的好意协助. 复合： `office-block n (usu large) building containing offices (office 1b), usu belonging to more than one company 办公大楼（通常为数公司合用的）: ugly concrete office-blocks 丑陋的混凝土办公楼群 * The bank and the building society are in the same office-block. 银行和房屋建 协会在同一座办公大楼里. `office boy (fem 阴性作 `office girl) young person employed to do less important duties in an office 办公室的年轻工友: The office boy will deliver the package. 工友将把这个包送去. `office holder (also `office bearer) person who holds an office 公务员; 官员: All the office bearers have to be elected. 这些官员均需选举产生. `office hours hours during which business is regularly conducted 办公时间: Office hours vary from company to company and country to country. 因公司、 国家不同, 办公时间也有所不同.

officer
[5CfisE(r); - 'C:f-; 5CfEsl] n 1 person appointed to command others in the army, navy, air force, etc 军官: * All the officers and ratings were invited. 全体海军官兵都受到邀请. * Both commissioned and non-commissioned officers attended. 有军衔的和无军衔的军官都出席了. 2 (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) person with a position of authority or trust, eg in the government or a society （政府的）官员; （会社的）高级职员: * executive and clerical officers, eg in the Civil Service 行政的主管人员和办事员 * a customs officer 海关官员 * officers of state, ie ministers in the government 政府部长 * the Medical Officer of Health 卫生官员 * We had to vote to appoint all three officers: * President, Secretary and Treasurer.我们要用投票方式决定叁大任命: * 会长、 秘书、 财务主管. 3 (a) = police officer (police). (b) (used as a form of address to a policeman or policewoman 警察（用作对男女警察的称呼）): * `Yes, officer, I saw the man approach the girl.’ ‘是的, 警察先生, 我看见那男子向那姑娘走去.’

official
[E'fiFl; E'fiFEl] adj 1 of or concerning a position of authority or trust 公务的; 公职的; 职权的: * official responsibilities, powers, records 公务、 职权、 公认的记录 * in his official capacity as mayor 以其市长的官方身分. 2 said, done, etc with authority; recognized by authority 官方的; 正式的; 官方认可的: * an official announcement, statement, decision, etc 官方公告、 声明、 决定等 * the official biography of the princess 官方发表的公主传记 * The news is almost certainly true although it is not official. 尽管消息是非官方的, 但是几乎确凿无疑. 3 for, suitable for or characteristic of persons holding office(4); formal 为公职人员的; 适合官员的; 有官员特点的: * an official reception, dinner, etc 官式的接待、 宴会等 * written in an official style 以官式文体写的. 派生： official n person who holds a public office (eg in national or local government) 官员: government officials 政府官员 * the officials of a political party 政党官员. officialdom[-dEm; -dEm] n (fml often derog 文, 常作贬义) 1 [Gp] officials as a group 官员（总称）: * Officialdom will no doubt decide our future. 当官的无疑将决定我们的未来. 2 [U] the ways of doing the business of bureaucracy 官僚作风; 官场: * We suffer from too much officialdom. 我们深受官僚作风之害. officialese/E7fiFE'li:z; E7fiFE'liz] n [U] (derog 贬) language characteristic of official documents (and thought to be too formal or complicated) 公文体的文字: * the incomprehensible officialese of income tax documents 所得税公文上的晦涩文字. Cf 参看 journalese (journal). officially/E'fiFEli; E'fiFEli] adv 1 in an official manner; formally 公务或公职上; 正式地: * I've been officially invited to the wedding. 我正式获得邀请去参加婚礼. * We already know who's got the job but we haven't yet been informed officially. 我们已经知道是谁得到这份工作了, 但是尚未得到正式通知.

official1
2 as announced publicly (esp by officials) though not necessarily true in fact 据称（尤指官员所称, 但未必属实）: * Officially, the director is in a meeting, though actually he's playing golf. 据说主任正在开会, 可他实际上正打高尔夫球呢.

officiate
[E'fiFieit; E'fiFi7et] v [I, Ipr] ~ (at sth) perform the duties of an office(4) or position 执行职务; 主持: * The Reverend Mr Smith will officiate at the wedding, ie perform the marriage ceremony. 史密斯牧师将主持婚礼.

officious
[E'fiFEs; E'fiFEs] adj too ready or willing to give orders, offer advice or help, or use one's authority; bossy and interfering 爱发号施令的; 好管闲事的; 好用权威的: * We were tired of being pushed around by officious civil servants. 我们厌恶那些把我们支来支去的公务员. > officiously adv. officiousness n [U].

offing
[5CfiN; - 'C:f-; 5CfiN] n (idm 习语) in the offing (infml 口) likely to appear or happen soon; not far away 即将来临; 将发生; 不远: * The smell of cooking told them there was a meal in the offing. 他们闻到做菜的味儿, 知道眼看要吃饭了.

offprint
[5Cfprint; - 'C:f-; 5Cf7print] n separate printed copy of an article that is part of a larger publication （书刊中选文的）单行本.

offset
1[5Cfset; - 'C:f-; Cf'set] v (-tt-; pt, pp offset) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (by sth/doing sth) compensate for sth; balance sth 补偿或抵销某事物: * He put up his prices to offset the increased cost of materials. 他提高了售价以补偿材料成本的增加. * Higher mortgage rates are partly offset by increased tax allowances. 抵押款高了, 其中一部分可因免税额增加而相抵销.

offshoot
[5CfFu:t; - 'C:f-; 5Cf7Fut] n stem or branch growing from a main stem 枝子; 枝条; 枝杈: * remove offshoots from a plant 修剪植物的枝桠 * (fig 比喻) the offshoot of a wealthy family 富家的旁系.

offshore
[7Cf'FC:(r); - 7C:f-; 5Cf'FCr] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] 1 at sea not far from the land 近海的: * an,offshore `oil rig, `island, `anchorage 近海的石油钻塔、 岛、 锚地 * ,offshore `fishing 近海捕鱼. 2 (of winds) blowing from the land towards the sea （指风）向海的, 离岸的: * ,offshore `breezes 离岸微风.

offside
1[7Cf'said; - 7C:f-; 5Cf'said] adj, adv (sport 体) 1 (of a player in football, hockey, etc) in a position where the ball may not be legally played, between the ball and the opponents' goal 越位的; 越位: * The forwards are all offside. 前锋都越位了. 2 of or about such a position 越位的: * be in an ,offside po`sition 处於越位位置 * the ,offside `rule 越位规则. Cf 参看 onside.

offspring
[5CfspriN; - 'C:f-; 5Cf7spriN] n (pl unchanged 复数不变) (fml 文) (a) child or children of a particular person or couple （某人或某夫妇的）孩子, 子女: * She's the offspring of a scientist and a musician. 她是一位科学家和一位音乐家的女儿. * Their offspring are all very clever. 他们的子女都很聪明. (b) young of an animal 崽儿: * How many offspring does a cat usually have? 一只猫通常能产多少小猫?

oft
[Cft; - C:ft; Cft] adv (arch 古) (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) often 常: * an oft-told tale 常讲的故事 * an oft-repeated warning 常重复的警告. 复合： `oft-times adv (arch 古) often 常; 屡.

often
[5Cfn, also 'CftEn; - 'C:fn; 5CfEn] adv 1 many times; at short intervals; frequently 常常; 经常; 时常: * We often go there. 我们常去那儿. * We have often been there. 我们常在那里. * We've been there quite often. 我们经常在那里. * It very often rains here in April. 这儿四月份常下雨. * He writes to me often. 他经常给我写信. * How often (ie At what intervals) do the buses run? 公共汽车隔多长时间一班? 2 in many instances 在很多情况下: * These types of dog often have eye problems. 这种狗的眼睛很多都有毛病. * Old houses are often damp. 旧房大都潮湿. 3 (idm 习语) as often as each time that; as many times as 每次; 每当: * As often as I tried to phone him the line was engaged. 每次我给他打电话都占线. as ,often as `not; more ,often than `not very frequently 往往; 大抵: * When it's foggy the trains are late more often than not. 雾大时火车往往误点. ,every so `often occasionally; from time to time 偶尔; 有时; 不时. once too often => once.

ogle
[5Eugl; 5ogl] v [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ at sb (derog 贬) look or stare at (esp a woman) in a way that suggests sexual interest 色迷迷地看（尤指看女子）: * Most women dislike being ogled (at). 多数女子都讨厌让人色迷迷地盯着.

ogre
[5EugE(r); 5ogl] n (fem ogress[5Eugres;'ogres] ) 1 (in legends and fairy stories) cruel and frightening giant who eats people （传说和童话中的）吃人巨妖. 2 (fig 比喻) very frightening person 极可怕的人: * My boss is a real ogre. 我的老板是个十足的恶魔. 派生： ogrish[5EugEriF; 5ogEriF] adj of or like an ogre （似）吃人巨妖的; 极可怕的.

ohm
[Eum; om] n unit of electrical resistance 欧姆（电阻单位）.

oho
[Eu'hEu; o'ho] interj (expressing surprise or triumph 表示惊奇或胜利).

oily
[5Cili; 5Cili] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 of or like oil （似）油的: * an oily liquid 油状液体. 2 covered or soaked with oil; containing much oil 涂有油的; 浸透油的; 含油多的: * oily fingers 沾有油的手指 * an oily skin 油性皮肤 * an oily old pair of jeans 一条沾满油污的旧牛仔裤 * oily food 油腻的食物. 3 (derog 贬) trying too hard to win favour by flattery; fawning 过於奉承的; 油滑的; 谄媚的: * I don't like oily shop assistants. 我不喜欢过分殷勤的店员. > oiliness n.

ointment
[5CintmEnt; 5CintmEnt] n [C, U] 1 smooth greasy paste rubbed on the skin to heal injuries or roughness, or as a cosmetic 软膏; 油膏. Cf 参看 salve 1. 2 (idm 习语) a/the fly in the ointment => fly1.

okapi
[Eu'ka:pi; o'kapi] n animal of Central Africa, similar to a giraffe but with a shorter neck and a striped body 豁霍加豁皮 （产於中非, 类似长颈鹿, 但颈短身有条斑）.

okay
(also OK)[7Eu'kei; 5o'ke] adj, adv (infml 口) all right; satisfactory or satisfactorily 好; 不错: * I hope the children are okay. 希望孩子们都好. * I think I did OK in the exam. 我认为我考得不错. * We'll go to the cinema tomorrow, OK? ie is that agreed? 咱们明天去看电影好吗? 派生： okay (also OK) interj (infml 口) all right; yes 好的; 是; 行: `Will you help me?’ `OK, I will'. ‘你来帮帮我好吗?’‘好, 我来帮你.’ * Okay children, we'll clear up the room now. 好啦, 孩子们, 咱们现在打扫房间吧. okay (also OK) v [Tn] (infml 口) agree to (sth); approve of 同意（某事）; 认可: He okayed/OK'd my idea. 他同意我的主意. okay (also OK) n (infml 口) agreement; permission 同意; 允许: Have they given you their okay? 他们准许你了吗? * We've got the OK from the council at last. 我们终於获得了委员会的同意. Cf 参看 A-OK (A1).

okra
[5EukrE; 5okrE] n [U] (tropical plant with) green seed pods eaten as a vegetable 秋葵（荚）（可作蔬菜）.

old
[Euld; old] adj (-er, -est) =>Usage at elder1 用法见elder1. 1 (with a period of time or with how 与表示一段时间的词或how连用) of (a particular) age （某）年龄的: * He's forty years old. 他四十岁了. * At fifteen years old he left school. 他十五岁时中学毕业了. * How old are you? 你多大岁数了? * A seven-year-old (ie A child who is seven years of age) should be able to read. 七岁的儿童应当识字了. 2 having lived a long time; advanced in age; no longer young 老的; 年老的: * Old people cannot be so active as young people. 老年人无法像年轻人那样活跃. * He's too old for you to marry. 他比你大得多, 你不宜嫁给他. * What will she do when she is/gets/grows old? 她年老时要做什麽呢? 3 (a) having been in existence or use for a long time （存在或使用）很久的, 陈旧的: * old customs, beliefs, habits, etc 一贯的风俗、 信仰、 习惯等 * old clothes, cars, houses 旧衣物、 汽车、 房子 * This carpet's getting rather old now. 这块地毯现在很旧了. (b) [attrib 作定语] belonging to past times; not recent or modern 古老的; 古代的; 旧时的: * old religious practices 古老的宗教活动 * Things were different in the`old days. 在过去情况就不同了. 4 [attrib 作定语] known for a long time; familiar 早已认识的; 熟悉的: * an old friend of mine, ie one I've known for a long time, but not necessarily old in years 我的老朋友（不一定年纪大） * We're old rivals, ie We've been rivals for a long time. 我们是老对手了. 5 former; previous (but not necessarily old in years) 以前的, 从前的（不一定年代久远）: * in my old job 在我以前的那份工作中 * at my old school 在我从前的学校里 * I prefer the chair in its old place. 我觉得这把椅子还是放在老地方好. * We had a larger garden at our old house. 我们以前住的房子花园大. =>Usage 见所附用法. 6 [attrib 作定语] (infml or joc 口或谑) (used as a term of affection or intimacy 用作表示亲昵或亲密关系的用语):

old1
* Dear old John! 亲爱的约翰! * Good old Angela! 可爱的安杰拉! * You're a funny old thing! 你真是个活宝! 7 [attrib 作定语] (infml 口) (used for emphasis 用以加强语气): * Any old thing (ie Anything whatever) will do. 什麽东西都行. 8 (fml 文) having much experience or practice 有经验的; 老练的: * old in diplomacy 擅长外交事务的 * an old trooper 老练的装甲兵. 9 (idm 习语) `any old how (infml 口) carelessly; untidily 随便地; 胡乱地: * The books were scattered round the room any old how. 屋里到处乱放着书. a chip off the old block => chip1. a dirty old man => dirty1. for old times' `sake because of tender or sentimental memories of one's past 看在旧日情分上. the `good/`bad old days an earlier period of time (in one's life or in history) seen as better/worse than the present 过去的好[坏]日子: * The friends met occasionally to chat about the good old days at school. 朋友偶尔相聚畅谈上学时的大好时光. the grand old man => grand. have/give sb a high old time => high. money for jam/old rope => money. no fool like an old fool => fool1. of `old of, in or since former times 从前的; 过去; 自古以来: * in days of old 在古时 * We know him of old, ie have known him for a long time and so know him well. 我们老早就认识他. (as) old as the `hills very old; ancient 很老的; 古老的: * This dress is as old as the hills. 这件连衣裙算是老古董了. ,old beyond one's `years more mature or wise than is usual or expected for one's age 超常的成熟或聪明. old `boy, `chap, `man, etc (dated infml 旧, 口) (used esp by older men of the middle and upper classes as a familiar form of address when talking to another man 尤作中上阶层年长男子称呼另一男子的用语): * `Excuse me, old man, can I borrow your newspaper?’ 老兄, 请问能借你的报纸看看吗? (be) old enough to be sb's `father/`mother

old2
(be) significantly older than sb 比某人年龄大很多: * You can't marry him! He's old enough to be your father! 你可不能嫁给他! 他那岁数都能当你父亲了! (be) old enough to know `better (be) old enough to act in a more sensible way than one did 已经长大该懂好歹了: * Have you been drawing on the walls? I thought you were old enough to know better. 墙上是你画的吧? 我还以为你都懂事了呢. old `hat (infml derog 口, 贬) not new or original; old-fashioned 不新; 非独创的; 老式的: * His ideas are all terribly old hat. 他的想法都老掉牙了. (have) an ,old head on young `shoulders (be) a more mature person than is expected for one's age 少年老成. an old `trout (infml 口) bad-tempered or unpleasant old person, esp a woman 脾气坏的或讨人厌的老人（尤指女人）. an old `wives' tale old and usu foolish idea or belief 陈腐的且多为愚蠢的想法或观念. one of the `old school old-fashioned or conservative person 老派人物; 保守人物. pay/settle an old `score have one's revenge for a wrong done to one in the past 算旧帐; 报仇. rake over old ashes => rake1. ring out the old year and ring in the new => ring2. the same old story => same1. teach an old dog new tricks => teach. tough as old boots => tough. young and old => young. 派生： the old n [pl v] old people 老人（总称）: The old feel the cold weather more than the young. 老年人比年轻人怕冷. oldie n (infml 口) old person or thing 老人; 陈旧之物: This record is a real oldie. 这张唱片真是老古董了. oldish adj rather old 颇老的; 颇旧的. 复合： ,old `age the later part of life; state of being old 晚年; 老年: Old age can bring many problems. 人老了有时麻烦事就多了. ,old-age `pension pension paid by the State to people above a certain age 养老金. old3 /// `old boy (fem 阴性作 `old girl) 1 former pupil of a particular school 校友: an old boys' reunion 男校友聚会. 2 old `boy, old `girl (infml 口) old person 老人: the old `girl who lives next door 住在隔壁的老太太. 3 (idm 习语) the old-boy network the tendency among old boys, esp of British private schools, to help each other in later life （男的）老同学关系网. the `old country one's country of birth (esp when one has left it to live elsewhere) 故国; 祖国. Old English = Anglo-Saxon 3. ,old-`fashioned adj (often derog 常作贬义) 1 out of date 过时的; 老式的: ,old-fashioned `clothes, `styles 老式的衣物、 式样. 2 believing in old ways, ideas, customs, etc 守旧的; 保守的: My aunt is very old-fashioned. 我的姑姑非常守旧. * She gave me an ,old-fashioned `look, ie one expressing disapproval. 她用古板的眼光看着我（表示不以为然）. n (US) type of cocktail made with whisky 以威士忌调成的鸡尾酒. old fogey (US old fogy)[7Euld 'fEugi; 7old 'fogi] person (esp a man) with old-fashioned ideas which he is unwilling to change 老顽固, 守旧的人（尤指男子）. old `folks' home (infml 口) type of hospital in which old people live and are cared for 养老院: His mother is in an old folks' home. 他母亲住在养老院里. old girl => old boy. Old `Glory (US) the American flag 美国国旗. the old `guard original or conservative members of a group （集团的）元老派, 保守派. Old `Harry (also Old `Nick, Old `Scratch) (dated infml joc 旧, 口, 谑) the devil 撒旦; 魔王. old `lady (infml 口) one's mother or wife 母亲; 妻子. old `lag (infml 口) person who has been in prison many times 多次入狱的人. old `maid (infml derog 口, 贬) unmarried woman who is thought to be too old for marriage 老小姐; 老处女. old-`maidish adj (derog 贬) fussy; prim 大惊小怪的; 矜持的.

old4
old `man (infml 口) one's father or husband or employer, etc 父亲; 丈夫; 老板: How's your old man (eg your husband) these days? 你丈夫近来好吗? old man's `beard type of wild flowering plant with grey fluffy hairs around the seeds 铁线莲. old `master (picture painted by an) important painter of the past (esp the 13th-17th centuries in Europe) 大画家, 大画家的画（尤指13-17世纪欧洲的）. old `school school one attended as a boy or girl （中小学的）母校. old school `tie (esp Brit) 1 tie worn by former pupils of a particular school （某中学的）校友领带. 2 (fig 比喻) symbol of excessive or sentimental loyalty to traditional values, ideas, etc （对传统价值观、 思想等极度忠诚的）守旧标志. old `stager (infml 口) person with long experience in a particular activity 有经验的人; 老手. old `sweat (Brit infml 口) person (esp a soldier) with many years' experience 经验丰富的人; （尤指）老兵. the Old `Testament first of the two main divisions of the Bible, telling the history of the Jews and their beliefs （《圣经》中的）《旧约全书》. `old-time adj belonging to or typical of former times 从前的; 古老的: old-time dancing 古老的舞蹈. old-`timer n person who has lived in a place or been associated with a club, job, etc for a long time 老居民; 老前辈; 老手. old `woman (infml 口) 1 one's wife or mother 妻子或母亲. 2 (derog 贬) fussy or timid man 大惊小怪的或胆怯的男子. old-`womanish adj (derog 贬) (esp of a man) fussy or timid （尤指男子）大惊小怪的, 胆怯的, 婆婆妈妈的. `old-world adj belonging to past times; not modern 古时的; 旧式的: a cottage with old-world charm 古色古香的村舍. the Old `World Europe, Asia and Africa 旧世界（欧洲、 亚洲和非洲）. Cf 参看 the New World (new). NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Compare old, aged, elderly, ancient and antique. 试比较old、 aged、 elderly、 ancient、 antique. *Old has the widest use and can be applied to people, animals and things. *old使用最广, 可用於人、 动物和事物. It usually indicates that somebody or something has lived or existed for a long time 这个词通常指生活或存在已久的人或事物: an old woman, dog, church 老的妇人、 狗、 教堂. It may describe a person who has been known for a long time but is not necessarily old in years 也可用以指早已认识的人, 但不一定年老: She's an old friend of ours. 她是我们的老朋友. Old can also mean `former' or `previous'*old还可表示‘先前的’或‘早先的’: I was much happier in my old job. 我做我原先的那份工作要带劲得多. Aged is more formal than old and is used of very old people who have possibly become physically weak.*aged比old文些, 用以指年老的人, 可能身体亦衰弱. If one wishes to be polite and respectful, one can describe old people as elderly. 若想客气些、 尊敬些, 可用elderly来形容老人. Ancient and antique are usually only applied to things. *ancient和antique通常仅用於事物. We call ancient something that existed a long time ago *ancient用以形容经历了久远年代的事物: an ancient civilization 古老的文明

old5
* ancient history, customs, etc 古代的历史、 习俗等. Antique describes an object which has survived from the past and is therefore valuable today *antique用以形容古代留传下来的器物, 因而如今十分宝贵: antique furniture, silver, etc 古董家具、 银币等.

olden
[5EuldEn; 5oldn] adj [attrib 作定语] (arch 古) of a past age 往昔的; 古时的: * in olden times/days 曩时[日].

oldster
[5EuldstE(r); 5oldstl] n (infml joc 口, 谑) old person 老人.

oleaginous
[7Euli'AdVinEs; 7oli'AdVEnEs] adj (fml 文) like oil or producing oil; oily; fatty 似油的; 产油的; 油质的; 肥的: * oleaginous seeds 多油的种子.

oleander
[7Euli'AndE(r); 7oli'Andl] n [C, U] evergreen Mediterranean shrub with red, white or pink flowers and tough leaves 夹竹桃.

olfactory
[Cl'fAktEri; al'fAktEri] adj (fml 文) of or concerned with the sense of smell 嗅觉的: * the olfactory nerves/organs 嗅觉神经[器官].

oligarchy
[5Cliga:ki; 5ali7garki] n (politics 政) 1 (a) [U] form of government in which a small group of people hold all the power 寡头政治; 寡头统治. (b) [C] these people as a group 寡头统治集团. 2 [C] country governed by an oligarchy 寡头统治的国家. 派生： oligarch[5Cliga:k; 5ali7gark] n member of an oligarchy(1) 寡头政治家; 寡头统治集团成员.

olive
[5Cliv; 5aliv] n 1 (a) [C] small bitter oval fruit, green when unripe and black when ripe, used for food and for oil 橄榄: * stuffed olives 有填充料的橄榄 * put olives in a salad 在色拉中加入橄榄. (b) (also `olive-tree) [C] evergreen tree on which this fruit grows 橄榄树: * a grove of olives 橄榄树园. 2 (also olive-green) [U] yellowish-green colour of an unripe olive 橄榄色. 派生： olive adj 1 yellowish-green 橄榄色的: olive paint 橄榄色颜料. 2 (of the complexion) yellowish-brown （指面色）黄褐色的: an olive skin 黄褐色的皮肤. 复合： `olive-branch n 1 emblem of peace 橄榄枝（和平的象徵）. 2 (fig 比喻) thing said or done to show that one wishes to make peace with sb 与某人和解的言行: After years of quarrelling we at last sent our cousins a Christmas card as an olive-branch. 我们与堂兄弟多年不和, 最後我们送给他们一张圣诞卡, 算是化干戈为玉帛. ,olive `oil oil extracted from olives 橄榄油.

Olympiad
[E'limpiAd; E'limpi7Ad] n 1 celebration of the modern Olympic Games （现代的）奥林匹克运动会: * The 21st Olympiad took place in Montreal. 第21届奥林匹克运动会是在蒙特利尔举行的. 2 period of four years between celebrations of the Olympic Games 两届奥林匹克运动会之间的四年期间.

Olympian
[E'limpiEn; E'limpiEn] adj (fml 文) (of manners, etc) majestic; superior; god-like （指举止等）威严的, 高傲的, 似神的: * Even when those around her panic she always maintains an Olympian calm. 即使周围的人都惊惶不已, 她也总是保持着超然的镇静.

Olympic
[E'limpik; E'limpik] adj [attrib 作定语] of or connected with the Olympic Games 奥林匹克运动会的: * an Olympic athlete 奥林匹克运动员 * She has broken the Olympic 5000 metres record. 她打破了奥林匹克运动会5000米长跑纪录. 复合： the Olympic `Games 1 the sports contests held at Olympia in Greece in ancient times （在古希腊奥林匹亚举行的）奥林匹克运动会. 2 (also the Olympics) the international athletic competitions held in modern times every four years in a different country （现代）奥林匹克运动会, 奥运会.

OM
[7Eu 'em; 7o 'em] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) (member of the) Order of Merit 功绩勋章（获得者）: * be awarded the OM 被授予功绩勋章 * John Field OM 功绩勋章获得者约翰．菲尔德.

ombudsman
[5CmbudzmEn, also -mAn; 5ambudzmEn, -7mAn] n (pl ombudsmen[-mEn; -mEn] ) official appointed by a government to investigate and report on complaints made by citizens against public authorities 巡视官（调查公民对政府提出陈诉的特派员）.

omega
[5EumigE; - Eu'megE; o'megE] n 1 the last letter of the Greek alphabet (, ) 希腊字母表的最後一个字母（, ）. 2 (idm 习语) Alpha and Omega => alpha.

omelette
(also omelet)[5Cmlit; 5amlit] n 1 eggs beaten together and fried, often with cheese, herbs, vegetables, etc or with a sweet filling 煎蛋（常加入乾酪、 作料、 蔬菜等）; 煎蛋卷（有甜馅）: * a cheese and mushroom omelette 乾酪蘑菇煎蛋卷. 2 (idm 习语) (one can't) make an omelette without breaking eggs (saying 谚) (one can't) achieve a desired aim without some loss or damage 不打破鸡蛋就做不成煎蛋卷; 不破不立.

omen
[5Eumen; 5omin] n [C, U] ~ (of sth) (event regarded as a) sign that sth good or bad will happen in the future 预兆; 徵兆: * a good/bad omen 好[坏]兆头 * an omen of victory 胜利的预兆 * a bird of ill omen 不祥的鸟.

ominous
[5CminEs; 5amEnEs] adj suggesting that sth bad is about to happen; threatening 不祥的; 不吉的; 险恶的: * an ominous silence 不祥的静寂 * Those black clouds are/look a bit ominous. 乌云压顶, 来势不妙.

omission
[E'miFn; E'miFEn] n 1 [U] action of omitting or leaving out sb/sth 忽略; 疏忽; 省略; 删除; 遗漏; 排除: * The play was shortened by the omission of two scenes. 该剧经删去两场而缩短了. * His omission from the team is rather surprising. 队里没有他, 令人惊奇. * (fml 文) sins of omission, ie not doing things that should be done 疏忽罪. 2 [C] thing that is omitted 省略、 删除、 遗漏或排除之事物: * This list of names has a few omissions. 这名单有若干缺漏.

omit
[E'mit; E'mit] v (-tt-) 1 [Tt, Tg] fail or neglect to do sth; leave sth not done 未做某事物; 忘记做某事物; 不做某事物; 忽略; 疏忽: * omit to do/doing a piece of work 未做一件工作. 2 [Tn] not include (sth); leave out 未包括, 不包括（某事物）; 省略; 删除; 遗漏; 排除: * This chapter may be omitted. 这一章可以删除.

omni-
comb form 构词成分 all or everywhere 全; 总; 遍及: omnipotence * omniscience * omnivorous.

omnibus
[5CmnibEs; 5amnEbEs] n (pl ~es) 1 (dated fml 旧, 文) (esp in names) bus （尤用於名称中）公共汽车. 2 large book containing a number of books or stories, eg by the same author 汇编; 选集: * an omnibus volume/edition 选本[选集] * a George Orwell omnibus 乔治．奥威尔选集. 3 (idm 习语) the man on the Clapham omnibus => man.

omnipotent
[Cm'nipEtEnt; am'nipEtEnt] adj (fml 文) having unlimited or very great power 有无限权力的; 全能的: * the omnipotent officials, bureaucrats, state police, etc有极大权力的官员、 官僚、 州警察等. > omnipotence[-tEns; -tEns/ n [U]: * the omnipotence of God 上帝的全能.

omnipresent
[7Cmni'preznt; 7amni'preznt] adj (fml 文) present everywhere 无处不在的; 普遍存在的: * the omnipresent squalor, dread 普遍存在的污秽、 恐惧.

omniscient
[Cm'nisiEnt; am'niFEnt] adj (fml 文) knowing everything 无所不知的; 全知的: * Christians believe that God is omniscient. 基督教徒相信上帝是无所不知的. > omniscience[-siEns; -FEns] n [U].

omnivorous
[Cm'nivErEs; am'nivErEs] adj (fml 文) 1 (of animals) eating both plants and animal flesh （指动物）杂食的: * the omnivorous domestic pig 杂食的驯养猪. 2 (fig 比喻) reading all types of books, etc; watching all types of TV programmes, etc 各种书、 电视节目等都看的: * an omnivorous reader 读书无类的人.

on
stage

on1
* I can smell gas -- is the oven on? 我闻到煤气味了--烤箱开着呢吧? * leave the handbrake on 手闸要拉上. (b) available or connected 可用的; 接通的: * We were without electricity for three hours but it's on again now. 我们的电停了叁小时, 现在又有了. * Is the water on? 自来水接通了吗? Cf 参看 off2 5. 5 (of a performance, play, etc) in progress （指演出、 戏剧等）在进行中: * The film was already on when we arrived. 我们到时, 电影已经开演了. * The strike has been on now for six weeks. 罢工至今已进行六个星期了. 6 planned to take place in the future 按计画将发生: * Is the match on at 2 pm or 3 pm? 比赛是下午2时还是3时开始? * The postal strike is still on, ie has not been cancelled. 邮政工人罢工仍要举行. Cf 参看 off2 4. 7 (of programmes, films, entertainments, etc) that can be seen; showing; being performed （指节目、 电影、 娱乐等）在上演, 在放映, 在演出: * Look in the TV guide to see what's on. 看看电视节目表上有什麽节目? * What's on at the cinema tonight? 今晚电影院演什麽? * There's a good play on at the local theatre. 本地剧院正在上演一出好剧. * What time is the news on? 新闻节目什麽时候开始? 8 arranged to take place; happening安排; 事情; 活动: * Have we got anything (ie any engagements, plans, etc) on for this evening? 今天晚上我们有什麽安排吗? 9 (a) (of a performer) on the stage; performing （指演员）在台上, 在演出: * I'm on in five minutes. 我五分钟後就要上场. * What time is the group on? 这一组什麽时候演出? Cf 参看 off2 8. (b) (of a worker) on duty; working （指工作人员）在班上, 值班, 工作: * The night nurse is/goes on at 7pm. 晚班护士7点钟上班. Cf 参看 off2 6. 10 in or into a vehicle; inside 进入车辆里; 在里面: * The coach-driver waited until everybody was on. 大轿车司机等着大家都上了车. * Four people got on. 四个人上了车.

on2
11 with the specified part in front or at the point of contact 以某部分在前面或在接触点上: * enter the harbour broadside on 船侧向前进港 * crash head on with a car 迎头与汽车相撞 * place it end on with the others 将末端与其他的相连接. 12 (idm 习语) be `on (infml 口) be practical, right or acceptable 行得通的; 对头的; 认可的: * That just isn't on. 那样不行. * You're on/not on! ie I accept/don't accept the proposition, bet, etc. 我接受[不接受]! （指你的建议、 赌注等）. be on (for sth) (infml 口) take part (in sth) 参加（某事）: * Are you on for this game? 这场有你参加吗? be/go/keep on about sth (infml derog 口, 贬) talk in a boring, tedious or complaining way about sth唠叨; 抱怨: * What's he on about now? 他在絮叨什麽? be/go/keep on at sb (to do sth) (infml derog 口, 贬) nag or pester sb (to do sth) 责怪或纠缠某人（做某事物）: * He was on at me again to lend him money. 他又来缠着我借钱了. Cf 参看 be onto sb (onto). later on => late. on and off => off2. ,on and `on without stopping; continuously 不停地; 不断地: * He kept moaning on and on. 他呻吟不已. 复合： on to prep = onto.

once
[wQns; wQns] adv 1 on one occasion only; (for) one time 仅仅一次; （作为）一次: * I've only been there once. 我只去过那里一次. * He cleans the car once a week, a fortnight, etc, ie every week, every fortnight, etc. 他一星期、 半月等擦一次车. * She goes to see her parents in Wales once every six months. 她每半年回威尔士看父母一次. 2 (a) at some (indefinite) time in the past 一度; 曾经: * I once met your mother. 我曾经见过你的母亲. * He once lived in Zambia. 他一度住在赞比亚. (b) formerly 从前; 过去; 往日: * This book was once famous, but nobody reads it today. 这本书从前很出名, 现在没人看了. 3 (in negative sentences or questions 用於否定句或疑问句) ever; at all; even for one time 根本; 即使一次: * He never once/He didn't once offer to help. 他从未[根本没]主动提出帮忙. * Did she once show any sympathy? 她表示过同情吗? 4 (idm 习语) ,all at `once suddenly 突然: * All at once the door opened. 门突然打开了. * All at once she lost her temper. 她突然大发雷霆. at `once (a) immediately; without delay 立刻; 马上; 立即: * Come here at once! 立刻到这里来! * I'm leaving for Rome almost at once. 我马上就要去罗马. (b) at the same time 同时: * Don't all speak at once! 不要大家一齐说! * I can't do two things at once. 我无法同时做两件事. * The film is at once humorous and moving. 这部电影既幽默又动人. (just) for `once; just this `once on this occasion only, as an exception 仅此一次; 作为例外: * Just for once he arrived on time. 只有这次他是按时到了. * Be pleasant to each other just this once. 彼此要和睦些--就只为这一次吧. get/give sb/sth the `once-over (infml 口) get/give sb/sth a quick inspection or examination 粗略检查或察看某人[某事物]: * Before buying the car he gave it the once-over. 他买那辆车前曾草草看了一下. * She felt his parents were giving her the once-over. 她感到他父母打量着她. once `again; once `more one more time as before 再一次:

once1
* I'll tell you how to do it once again. 我再告诉你一次怎麽做. * Amanda is home from college once again. 阿曼达又从学校回到家中. ,once and for `all now and for the last (and only) time 这一次且为最後一次: * I'm warning you once and for all. 我给你最後一次警告. * He's travelled a lot but he's now come back to Britain once and for all. 他游历了许多地方, 现在落叶归根又回到了英国. ,once `bitten, ,twice `shy (saying 谚) after an unpleasant experience one is careful to avoid sth similar 一次被咬, 下次胆小; 一次上当, 下次小心: * She certainly won't marry again once bitten, twice shy. 她肯定不再结婚了--所谓一朝被蛇咬, 十年怕井绳. ,once in a blue `moon (infml 口) very rarely or never 极少; 从不: * I see her once in a blue moon. 我难得看到她. (every) ,once in a `while occasionally 偶尔; 间或: * Once in a while we go to a restaurant but usually we eat at home. 我们偶尔下馆子--但一般都在家吃. once `more (a) one more time; again 再一次; 又一次: * Let's sing it once more. 咱们再唱一次吧. (b) = once again. ,once or `twice a few times 一两次: * I don't know the place well, I've only been there once or twice. 我对那地方不大熟悉, 只去过一两次. ,once too `often once more than is sensible or safe 这一次却未能幸免: * He had driven home drunk once too often -- this time he got stopped by the police. 他多次醉酒开车回家, 上得山多终遇虎--这回让警察截住了. ,once upon a `time (used as the beginning of a fairy-tale 用於童话开头) at some indefinite time in the past 从前; 古时候: * Once upon a time there was a beautiful princess... 从前有个美丽的公主.... you're only young once => only2. 派生： once conj as soon as; when 一旦; 一...就...: Once you understand this rule, you'll have no further difficulty. 一旦明白了这条规则, 就再也没有困难了. * How would we cope once the money had gone? 钱一用完, 我们怎麽办?

once2
the once n [sing] (infml 口) the one time; on one occasion 这一次; 一次: She's only done it the once so don't be too angry. 她只做了这一次, 不要太生气.

oncoming
[5CnkQmiN; 5an7kQmiN] adj [attrib 作定语] advancing; approaching 即将来临的; 接近的: * oncoming traffic 迎面驶来的车辆. 派生： oncoming n [U] (fml 文) approach 来临; 接近: the oncoming of winter 冬天的来临.

one
1[wQn; wQn] pron, det 1 1; one less than two; a single 1, 一（个）; 单个: * I've got two brothers and one sister. 我有两个弟弟和一个妹妹. * There's only one piece of cake left. 只剩下一块饼了. * Book One, Chapter One, ie the first chapter of the first book 第一册, 第一章 * One of my friends lives in Brighton. 我有个朋友住在布赖顿. * One of the girls brought her sister. 那些姑娘有一个把妹妹带来了. 2 (a) (esp of periods of time) a particular but unspecified （尤指时间的段）某一（但非特指某时间）: * one day/morning/afternoon/evening/night last week 上星期的一天[一个上午/一个下午/一个晚上/一夜] * One day (ie At an indefinite time in the future) you'll be glad she left you. 有朝一日你就庆幸她离开了你. * One morning in June... 六月的一个早晨.... (b) (used for emphasis and always stressed 用以加强语气, 必须重读) a particular (person or thing) 某（人或物）: * The `one way to succeed is to work hard and live a healthy life. 成功的唯一途径是勤奋及过健康的生活. * No `one of you could lift that piano, ie Two or more of you would be needed. 你们一个人谁也抬不动那架钢琴. 3 (usu fml 通常作文雅语) (used with somebody's name to show that the speaker does not know the person 用於姓名之前表示说话者不知其人) a certain(5) 某; 某个; 某位: * One Tim Smith (Cf 参看 A Mr Smith) called to see you but you were out. 有个叫蒂姆．史密斯的来过电话找你, 你不在. * The author of the anonymous article turned out to be one Stanley Carter. 那篇匿名文章的作者原来是个叫作斯坦利．卡特的人. 4 (used with the other, another or other(s) to show a contrast 与the other、 another或other(s)连用表示对比、 对照或区别): * The two girls are so alike that strangers find it difficult to tell (the) one from the other. 那两个女孩儿像极了, 外人难以分清她们谁是谁. * I see you add the egg before the milk. That's `one way of doing it, ie suggesting there are other and possibly better ways. 我看见你先加鸡蛋後放牛奶. 这是一种做法（言外之意, 可能有别的、 更好的做法）.

one1
* I'm sorry I can't help you. For one thing (ie As a first reason) I'm in a hurry, and for another I have a bad back. 对不起, 我帮不了忙. 一来我有急事, 二来我後背有毛病. 5 the same 同一: * They all went off in one direction. 他们都往同一方向走了. * After the union meeting the workers were all of one mind, ie all had the same opinion. 工会开过会後, 工人们都心齐了（获得共识）. 6 (infml 口 esp US) (used instead of a or an to emphasize the n or phrase that follows it 代替a或an以强调其後的名词或词组): * That's one handsome guy. 那是个漂亮的小伙子. * It was one hell of a match, ie a very good and exciting match. 那场比赛精彩极了. 7 (idm 习语) be all one to sb => all3. be at `one (with sb/sth) be in agreement (with sb/sth) （与某人[某事物]）相同, 一致: * I'm at one with you/We are at one on this subject, ie Our opinions are the same. 在这个问题上我和你[我们]意见一致. get one over sb/sth (infml 口) gain an advantage over sb/sth 胜於或优於某人[某事物]: * They got one over us in the end by deciding to speak in German. 他们决定说德语, 终於略胜我们一筹. get sth in `one (infml 口) immediately be able to give an explanation, solve a problem, etc 马上能作出解释、 解决问题等: * `We have to attract younger customers.’ `Exactly, you've got it in one!’ ‘我们得设法吸引年轻顾客.’‘太对了, 你真是一语中的!’ I, you, etc/sb for `one certainly I, you, etc/sb 我[你/某人]就是: * I for one have no doubt that he's lying. 起码我就深信不疑他撒谎. * Lots of people would like to come -- your mother for one. 很多人都愿意来--你母亲就是其中之一. (,all) in `one combined 合在一起: * He's President, Treasurer and Secretary in one. 他身兼会长、 司库和秘书叁职. * [attrib 作定语] the ,all-in-one first-`aid kit for everyday use 日用综合急救包. ,one after a`nother/the `other first one person or thing, and then another, and then another up to any number or amount 一个接一个; 相继; 陆续. ,one and `all

one2
(dated infml 旧, 口) everyone 人人; 每人; 大家: * A Happy New Year to one and all! 祝大家新年快乐! ,one and `only (used for emphasis 用以加强语气) only; sole 唯一的; 仅有的: * You have always been my one and only true love. 你一向是我唯一的真正的爱人. * Here he is the one and only Frank Sinatra! 这就是他--独一无二的弗兰克．西纳特拉! ,one and the `same (used for emphasis 用以加强语气) the same 同一个; 完全一样; 完全一回事: * One and the same idea occurred to each of them. 他们都产生同样的想法. `one by `one individually in order 一个一个地; 逐一: * go through the items on a list one by one 逐个处理单子上的项目. ,one or `two a few 几个; 一两个: * One or two people can't come. 有一两个人不能来. one `up (on/over sb) having an advantage over sb; one step ahead of sb 略胜某人一筹; 领先某人一步: * Your experience as a sales assistant puts you one up on the other candidates. 你当过推销员, 这一经历就比其他申请人强. For the uses of one see the examples at five. 关於one的用法见five词条中的示例. 派生： one n 1 the number 1 *1; 一. 2 (idm 习语) number one => number. one- (in compounds 用以构成复合词) having one of the thing specified 有一...的: a one-act play 独幕剧 * a one-piece swimsuit 一件式泳装 * a one-parent family 单亲家庭. 复合： ,one-armed `bandit = fruit machine (fruit). ,one-`horse adj [attrib 作定语] 1 using a single horse 用一匹马的: a ,one-horse `cart 一匹马拉的车. 2 (fig joc 比喻, 谑) badly equipped; small and uninteresting 装备差的; 小而乏味的: a ,one-horse `town, ie a quiet town without much business, entertainment, etc 冷清的小镇. ,one-`liner n (infml 口) short joke or remark in a play, comedy programme, etc （戏剧、 喜剧节目等的）短小的笑话或妙语: deliver some good one-liners 讲几句俏皮话. ,one-man `band musician, usu in the street, playing two or three instruments at the same time 单人乐队（通常在街上一人同时演奏两叁种乐器者）:

one3
(fig 比喻) I run the business as a one-man band just me and no one else. 我是单干户--只有我一人, 没有别人. ,one-man `show 1 public performance by one person of dramatic or musical items normally requiring more performers 单人演出（通常应有合演者的戏剧或音乐节目）. 2 person doing by himself things that are usually done by several people 做通常需几人做的事情的人. ,one-night `stand 1 single performance in one place of a play, concert, etc as part of a tour of different places （戏剧、 音乐会等巡回表演时）在某地的一次演出. 2 (infml 口) (person involved in a) (usu) sexual relationship that lasts for a very short time, usu a single night （通常指）短暂的性关系（通常指一夜）; 有这种行为的人: I was hoping for a lasting affair, not just a one-night stand. 我希望的是长久恩爱, 而不是一夜露水之欢. ,one-`off n, adj (thing) made or happening only once 一次性的; 一次性的事物: Her novel was just a one-off -- she never wrote anything as good as that again. 她的小说是她绝无仅有的作品--後来她再也没写出那样好的东西. ,one `p (also 1p) (Brit) (coin worth) one new penny （新币）一便士, 一便士硬币: [attrib 作定语] Two one p stamps, please. 劳驾, 买两张一便士的邮票. ,one-`sided adj 1 (esp of ideas, opinions, etc) unfair; prejudiced （尤指思想、 意见等）不公正的, 偏颇的: a ,one-sided `argument 片面的论点 * His attitude towards the unemployed is very one-sided. 他对於失业者的态度很不公正. 2 (esp in sport, etc) with opposing players of unequal abilities （尤指体育运动等）彼此实力悬殊的: It was a very one-sided game: our team won easily. 那场比赛双方水平悬殊: 我队轻易获胜. ,one-`sidedly adv. ,one-`sidedness n [U]. `one-time adj [attrib 作定语] former 过去的; 从前的: a ,one-time poli`tician 昔日的政治家. ,one-to-`one adj, adv with one member of one group corresponding to one of another 一对一（的）; 一比一（的）: a ,one-to-one `ratio between teachers and pupils 师生比例一比一

one4
* teaching one-to-one 一对一地教授. ,one-track `mind mind that can think only of a single subject, interest, etc 只能想着一件事的头脑: He's got a one-track mind -- all he ever thinks about is sex! 他只有一个心思--想的都是性事! ,one-`upmanship n (infml 口) [U] art of getting (and keeping) the advantage over other people 能超越别人的本事. ,one-`way adv, adj [attrib 作定语] (allowing movement) in one direction only 单行（的）; 单程（的）: I'll go by boat one way. 我单程坐船去. * ,one-way `traffic 单行车辆 * a ,one-way `street 单行道 * a ,one-way (ie not a return) `ticket 单程票.

onerous
[5CnErEs; 5anErEs] adj (fml 文) needing effort; burdensome 艰巨的; 繁重的: * onerous duties 繁重的职务 * This is the most onerous task I have ever undertaken. 这是我承担过的最艰巨的任务.

oneself
[wQn'self; wQn'self] reflex, emph pron 反身、 强调代词 (only taking the main stress in sentences when used emphatically 只在加强语气时於句中作重读) 1 (reflex 反身) (used when people in general cause and are also affected by an action 用於主体的动作反及自身时): * one's ability to wash and `dress oneself 洗澡和穿衣的能力. 2 (emph 强调) (used to emphasize one 用以强调one): * One could easily arrange it all one`self. 谁都能自己安排好. 3 (idm 习语) (all) by one`self (a) alone 单独; 独自. (b) without help 靠自己; 无他人帮助.

ongoing
[5CngEuiN; 5an7goiN] adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] continuing to exist or progress 继续存在的; 进行中的: * an ongoing debate 持续的辩论 * an ongoing programme of research 正在进行的研究计画.

onion
[5QniEn; 5QnjEn] n 1 (a) [C] type of vegetable plant with a round bulb that has a strong smell and flavour, used in cooking 洋葱; 葱头: * Spanish onions 西班牙葱 * a crop of onions 洋葱的收获 * spring onions 春葱. (b) [C, U] this plant as food 洋葱, 葱头（食物）: * chop onions to make a sauce 剁洋葱作沙司 * too much onion in the salad 色拉中洋葱太多 * [attrib 作定语] French onion soup 法式洋葱汤. 2 (idm 习语) know one's onions/stuff => know.

onlooker
[5CnlukE(r); 5an7lukl] n person who watches sth happening (without taking part); spectator 旁观者: * By the time the ambulance had arrived, a crowd of onlookers had gathered. 救护车赶到时, 围观的人已经很多了.

only
1[5Eunli; 5onli] adj [attrib 作定语] 1 with no other(s) of the same group, style, etc existing or present; sole 唯一的; 仅有的: * She was the only person able to do it. 她是唯一能做那事的人. * His only answer was a grunt. 他只咕哝了一声算是回答了. * This is the only painting in this style that we have. 这种风格的画我们仅有这一幅. * We were the only people there. 只有我们在那里. 2 (infml 口) most worth considering; best 最值得考虑的; 最好的: * She's the only woman for the job. 她是最适合做这一工作的人. * She says Italy is the only place to go for a holiday. 她说意大利是度假的最佳去处. 3 (idm 习语) one and only => one1. an only `child child having no brothers or sisters 独生子女: * My mother was an only child. 我母亲是独生女. * Only children are sometimes spoilt. 独生子女有时被宠坏了.

ono
[7Eu en 'Eu; 7o en 'o] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) (esp in classified advertisements) or near offer （尤指分类广告中）或略低於此价, 可还价: * lady's bike 25 ono, ie the seller might accept 20 坤车25英镑, 可还价.

onomatopoeia
[7CnE7mAtE'piE; 7anE7mAtE'piE] n [U] combination of sounds in a word that imitates or suggests what the word refers to eg hiss, cuckoo, thud 拟声; 象声词（如hiss、 cuckoo、 thud）. > onomatopoeic[- 5pi:Ik; -`piIk/ adj: * `Sizzle' and `hush' are onomatopoeic words. sizzle和hush是象声词.

onrush
[5CnrQF; 5an7rQF] n [sing] (fml 文) strong forward rush or flow 猛冲; 急流: * an onrush of water 水的奔流 * the onrush of powerful feelings 强烈感情的抒发.

onset
[5Cnset; 5an7set] n [sing] vigorous beginning (esp of sth unpleasant) （爆发性的）开始（尤指不愉快的事）: * the onset of winter 冬天的突然降临 * the onset of glandular fever 腺热病的发作.

onshore
[5CnFC:(r); 5an7FCr] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语], adv (a) (of wind) blowing from the sea towards the land （指风）向岸（的）, 向陆（的）: * an onshore breeze 向岸微风. (b) on or near the shore 在岸上（的）; 近岸（的）: * an onshore development 近海的开发.

onside
[7Cn'said; 7an'said] adj [usu pred 通常作表语], adv (sport 体) (of a player in football, hockey, etc) in a position where the ball may legally be played (ie behind the ball or with the necessary number of opponents between the player and the goal) （指足球、 曲棍球等运动中的球员）不越位, 非越位: * He was definitely onside when he scored that goal. 他射门得分时, 显然并未越位. * The referee declared him onside. 裁判宣布他没有越位. Cf 参看 offside1.

onslaught
[5CnslC:t; 5an7slCt] n ~ (on sb/sth) fierce attack 猛攻: * They survived an onslaught by tribesmen. 他们承受住了部落人发起的一次猛攻. * (fig 比喻) an onslaught on government housing policies 对政府住房政策的猛烈抨击.

onto
(also on to)[ 5CntE; `BntE, before vowels and finally 於元音前及末尾处读作 5Cntu:; `Bntu] prep 1 moving to a position on (a surface) 移到（某物表面）上: * move the books onto the second shelf 把书挪到第二格 * step out of the train onto the platform 从火车上下到月台上 * Water was dripping onto the floor. 水正滴到地板上. * The crowd ran onto the pitch. 群众都跑到球场上去了. * The child climbed up onto his father's shoulders. 孩子爬到他爸爸的肩膀上了. Cf 参看 off3 1. 2 (phr v) be onto sb (a) (infml 口) pursue sb in order to find out about his illegal activities 追查某人的违法活动: * The police are onto him about the stolen paintings. 警方正在追查他与被盗画的事. (b) be talking to sb in order to inform him of sth or persuade him to do sth 与某人谈话告知某事或劝其做某事物: * Have you been onto the solicitor yet? 你跟律师谈过了吗? * My mother's been onto me for ages about the mess in my room. 我母亲早就怪我把自己的房间搞得乌七八糟. Cf 参看 get onto sb (get). be onto sth have some information or evidence that could lead to an important discovery 有潜在重大发现的信息或证据: * When did you realize you were onto something really big? 你什麽时候知道你已掌握了重大线索?

ontology
[Cn'tClEdVi; an'talEdVi] n [U] (philosophy 哲) branch of metaphysics that deals with the nature ofexistence 本体论; 实体论. > ontological[7CntE'lCdVikl;7antE'ladVikEl] adj: * ontological speculation 本体论的演绎.

onus
[5EunEs; 5onEs] n the onus [sing] (fml 文) duty or responsibility (for doing sth); burden 职责; 责任; 负担: * the onus of bringing up five children 抚养五个孩子的责任 * The onus of proof rests/lies with you, ie You must prove what you say. 证明你所言属实的责任在你.

onward
[5CnwEd; 5anwld] adj [attrib 作定语] (esp fml 较文) directed or moving forward 向前的; 前进的: * an onward march, movement, etc 前进、 前移 * the onward march of time 时间的流逝. > onward (also onwards/ 5CnwEdz; `BnwLdz/) adv: * The shop is open from lunchtimeonwards. 该店午後开始营业. * move steadily onwards 稳定前移. =>Usage at forward2 用法见forward2.

onyx
[5Cniks; 5aniks] n [U] stone like marble that has different coloured layers in it, used for ornaments, etc 缟玛瑙: * [attrib 作定语] an onyx paperweight 缟玛瑙镇纸.

oodles
[5u:dlz; 5udlz] n [pl] ~ (of sth) (infml 口) great amounts (of sth); lots (of sth) 大量; 很多: * oodles of hot water 大量的热水 * oodles of money 很多钱.

oomph
[umf; umf] n (infml 口) energy; enthusiasm; sex-appeal 精力; 热情; 性感: * Marilyn Monroe had lots of oomph. 玛丽莲．梦露十分性感.

ooze
[u:z; uz] v 1 [Ipr, Ip] ~ from/out of sth; ~ out/away (of thick liquids) come or flow out slowly （指浓稠液体）慢慢流出: * All the toothpaste had oozed out. 牙膏全都慢慢流了出来. * Black oil was oozing out of the engine. 发动机渗出了黑油. * Blood was still oozing from the wound. 伤口仍在渗血. * (fig 比喻) Their courage was oozing away. 他们的勇气慢慢消失. 2 [Ipr, Tn] ~ (with sth) allow (sth) to come out in this way 使（某物）慢慢流出: * toast oozing with butter 渗着黄油的烤面包片 * The wound was oozing pus. 伤口在流脓. * (fig 比喻) She was simply oozing (with) charm. 她浑身散发着魅力. * They oozed confidence, ie showed it freely. 他们充满了信心. =>Usage at drip1 用法见drip1. 派生： ooze/u:z; uz] n 1 [U] soft liquid mud, esp at the bottom of a river, lake, pond, etc 泥浆, 软泥（尤指河、 湖、 塘...底的）. 2 [sing] (fml 文) slow flow 缓慢的流动: * the ooze of pus from a wound 脓自伤口之渗出.

opacity
[Eu'pAsEti; o'pAsEti] (also opaqueness) n [U]quality of being opaque 不透明性: * the opacity of frosted glass 磨砂玻璃的不透明性.

opal
[5Eupl; 5opl] n bluish-white or milky-white semi-precious stone, often used in jewellery, in which changes of colour are seen 蛋白石: * a bracelet made of opals 蛋白石手镯 * [attrib 作定语] an opal ring 蛋白石戒指. 派生： opalescent[7EupE'lesnt; 7opl'esnt] adj (fml 文) changing colour like an opal; iridescent 色彩变幻的; 似彩虹的: * an opalescent silky material 色彩变幻的丝织物.

opaque
[Eu'peik; o'pek] adj 1 not allowing light to pass through; not transparent 不透明的; 不透光的: * opaque glass 不透明的玻璃 * an opaque lens 不透光的镜片. 2 (of a statement, piece of writing, etc) not clear; difficult to understand （指言语、 写作等）不清晰的, 难懂的, 意义不明的: * I felt his report was deliberately opaque. 我觉得他的报告故意含糊其辞. > opaquely adv. opaqueness (also opacity) n [U]: * the opaqueness of her reasoning 她推理上的含混.

OPEC
[5Eupek; 5o7pek] abbr 缩写 = Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries 石油输出国组织.

open
1[5EupEn; 5opEn] adj 1 allowing things or people to go or be taken in, out or through; not closed 开着的: * leave the door open 让门开着 * The door burst open and the children rushed in. 门突然撞开了, 孩子们闯了进来. * sleep in a room with the windows open 在窗户敞开的屋里睡觉 * with both eyes open 睁着双眼 * The dog escaped through the open gate. 那狗穿过敞着的大门逃走了. 2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] not enclosed, fenced in or blocked 敞开的; 未围起的; 未堵塞的; 开阔的; 空旷的: * He prefers open fires to stoves or radiators. 他喜欢用明火取暖, 不喜欢炉子或暖气. * open country, ie without forests, buildings, etc 空旷的郊野 * open fields 田野 * an open stretch of moor 一片空旷的沼泽 * crack open a nut 弄开坚果 * break open a safe 破开保险柜. 3 [usupred 通常作表语] ready for business; admitting customers or visitors 营业; 办公; （顾客或观众等）可进入: * The banks aren't open yet. 银行尚未开始营业. * The shop isn't open on Sundays. 这个商店星期日休息. * Doors open (eg of a theatre) at 7.00 pm. 下午7时开门（如剧院）. * Is the new school open yet? 那所新校开学了吗? * She declared the festival open. 她宣布庆祝会开始. * He kept two bank accounts open. 他有两个银行户头可用. 4 (a) spread out; unfolded 伸开的; 展开的; 开放的: * The flowers are all open now. 现在花儿都开了. * The book lay open on the table. 那本书在桌上摊开放着. (b) not fastened; undone 未系住的; 解开的; 松开的: * an open shirt 没系钮扣的衬衫 * a blouse open at the neck 敞领口的女衬衫 * His coat was open. 他的大衣敞开着. 5 [attrib 作定语] not covered in or over 没覆盖的; 没遮掩的; 裸露着的: * an open car, ie one with no roof or with a roof that is folded back 敞篷汽车 * an open wound, ie one in which the skin is broken or damaged 开放性创伤 * He has open sores all over his arms. 他的胳膊上长着烂疮.

open1
* an open drain/sewer 排水[污水]明沟. 6 ~ (to sb/sth) that anyone can enter, visit, etc; public 公开的;任何人都可以（进入、 参观等）的; 公共的: an open competition, championship, scholarship 公开的比赛、 冠军赛、 奖学金 * This garden is open to the public. 这座花园向公众开放. * She was tried in open court, ie with the public being freely admitted to hear the trial. 她受法庭公开审讯. 7 (a) not kept hidden or secret; known to all 不隐秘的; 不保密的; 众所周知的: an open quarrel, scandal, etc 公开的争吵、 丑闻等 * the lovers' open display of affection 情人的坦诚示爱. (b) willing to talk; honest; frank 愿意谈话的; 诚实的; 坦率的: an open character 直爽的性格 * He was quite open about his reasons for leaving. 他毫不隐瞒自己离去的原因. 8 not finally decided or settled 未做最後决定的; 尚未解决的:Let's leave the matter open. 这件事先悬着吧. * Is the job/vacancy/position still open (ie available, unfilled)? 那工作[空缺/位置]还接受申请吗? 9 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of cloth, etc) with wide spaces between the threads （指布等）稀疏的, 稀松的: an open texture/weave 稀松织法. 10 (idm 习语) be an open `secret be known tomany people, though not publicly or officially acknowledged已是公开的秘密: Their love affair is an open secret. 他们的风流韵事是公开的秘密. be/lay oneself (wide) open to sth behave so that one is likely to receive (esp) criticism, etc 使自己易受（尤指）批评等: Don't lay yourself open to attack. 不要让自己轻易受人攻击. * You're laying yourself wide open to accusations of dishonesty. 你这样做就是让人指责你不诚实. be ,open to `offer/`offers be willing to consider a price to be offered by a buyer 欢迎开价: We haven't decided on a price but we're open to offers. 价钱未定, 欢迎顾主开价. have/keep an open `mind (about/on sth) be willing to listen to or accept new ideas, consider other people's suggestions, etc 愿听取、 接受或考虑别人的意见、 想法等: I'm not convinced your idea will work, but I'll keep an open mind for the moment. 我还没想通是否你的意见可行, 不过我先考虑一下. in the open `air not inside a house or building; outside 在户外; 在露天: picnics in the open air 露天野餐

open2
* sleeping in the open air 露宿. keep one's `ears/`eyes open be alert and quick to hear or notice things 留心听[看]; 密切注意. keep an eye open/out => eye1. keep one's eyes open/ peeled/ skinned => eye1. keep open `house offer hospitality to visitors at all times 好客; 随时接待来宾. keep/leave one's options open => option. keep a weather eye open => weather1. leave the door open => leave1. an open `book person who is easily understood and very frank 直爽而容易了解的人: His mind is an open book. 他胸无城府. open `Sesame (magic words used in one of the Arabian Nights stories to cause a door to open 《天方夜谭》故事中用以叫开门的咒语). an open sesame (to sth) an easier way of gaining sth that is usu difficult to obtain 可得到（通常指难以得到的）某事物的捷径或窍门: Being the boss's daughter is not an open sesame to every well-paid job in the firm. 作为老板的女儿并不是获得本公司任何优薪职位的包票. open to sb possible for or available to sb ...可供某人取舍; 某人可有...: It seems to me that there are only two options open to her. 我觉得她只有两种选择. open to sth willing to receive sth 乐於接受某事物: open to suggestions 乐於听取建议 * open to conviction, ie willing to be persuaded about sth 愿听取有说服力的不同意见. throw sth open (to sb) make sth available to everybody 使大家可接触或获得某事物: throw the debate open to the audience 让听众参予辩论 * throw one's house open to the public 敞开家门接待公众. wide open => wide. with one's eyes open => eye1. with open `arms with great affection or enthusiasm 热烈地; 热情地: He welcomed us with open arms. 他热情地欢迎我们. 派生： the open n [sing] 1 open space or country; the open air 户外; 野外; 露天: The children love playing out in the open. 孩子们喜欢在户外玩耍. Cf 参看 in the open air. 2 (idm 习语) bring sth/be/come (out) in(to) the `open make

open3
(esp secret plans, ideas, etc) known publicly; be/become known publicly 公开（尤指秘密计画、 想法等）; 人人皆知: Now the scandal is out in the open, the President will have a lot of questions to answer. 由於丑事已公开, 总统有许多问题要答覆. openly adv without secrecy; honestly; publicly 公然地; 坦率地; 公开地: discuss a subject openly 坦率讨论某题目 * go somewhere openly, ie where one might be expected to go secretly 公开到某处. openness n [U] honesty; frankness 真诚; 坦率: They were surprised by her openness when talking about her private life. 她谈起私生活时非常坦率, 大家都很吃惊. 复合： ,open-`air adj [attrib 作定语] (taking place) in the open air; outside 露天的; 户外的: an ,open-air `swimming-pool 室外游泳池 * an ,open-air `party 露天聚会. ,open-and-`shut adj completely straightforward and obvious 显然的; 明显的: As far as I can see the whole matter is open-and-shut. 我看整件事是一清二楚. * He's obviously guilty it's an open-and-shut case. 他显然有罪--此案昭然若揭. `opencast adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of mines or mining) at or from a level near the earth's surface （指矿或采矿）露天开采的: opencast coal-mining 露天采煤. Cf 参看 deep-mined (deep2). ,open `cheque one that may be cashed at the bank on which it is drawn; cheque that is not crossed (cross2 4) 普通支票; 非划线支票. `open day day when the public may visit a place normally closed to them 开放日（接待公众参观之日, 平时该处不对外开放）: an open day at the village school 该乡村学校的开放日. ,open-`ended adj without any limits, restrictions or aims set in advance 无限制的; 无预期目标的: an ,open-ended `contract 敞口合同 * an ,open-ended di`scussion 自由讨论. ,open-`eyed adj (a) with open eyes, as in surprise 睁大眼睛的（表示惊讶）: open-eyed in terror 吓得目瞪口呆. (b) watchful; alert 警觉的; 机警的; 警惕的.

open4
,open-`handed adj giving freely; generous 慷慨的; 大方的. ,open-`handedly adv. ,open-`handedness n [U]. ,open-`hearted adj sincere; kind 真诚的; 善良的. ,open-heart `surgery (medical 医) surgical operation on the heart while blood is kept flowing by machine 体外循环心脏手术. ,open `letter letter, usu of protest or comment, addressed to a person or group, but intended to be made public, esp by being printed in a newspaper 公开信: The students wrote an open letter to the Minister of Education. 学生们给教育部长写了一封公开信. ,open-`minded adj willing to consider new ideas; unprejudiced 愿接受新思想的; 无偏见的: He wished his parents were more open-minded on political issues. 他希望父母在政治问题上开通一些. ,open-`mouthed[-mauTd; -'mauTd] showing great surprise, etc 目瞪口呆的; 吃惊的: * The child stared open-mouthed at the huge cake. 那孩子惊奇地瞪 大蛋糕. ,open-`plan adj (of a building) with few interior walls （指建 物）开敞布置的: the lack of privacy in an ,open-plan `office 在开敞布置的办公室里私人环境之不足. ,open `prison prison with fewer restrictions than usual on prisoners' movements, etc 开放式监狱（对犯人行动限制较少者）. ,open `question matter on which different views are possible; question that is not yet decided or answered 可自由发表意见的问题; 尚未解决的问题: How many people will lose their jobs is an open question. 有多少人将要失业, 这一问题尚无定论. ,open `sandwich slice of bread with meat, cheese, etc on top 单片叁明治（一片面包上有肉、 乾酪等）: a Danish open sandwich 丹麦式单片叁明治. the ,open `sea area of sea that is not closed in by land 外海; 公海: Sail in and out of the bays not on the open sea. 在港湾内外航行--不在公海上. the `open season period of the year when certain fish and animals may be legally killed or hunted for sport （渔猎）开放季节: October to February is the open season for pheasants in Britain. 在英国十月至二月是猎雉的开放季节.

open5
the ,Open Uni`versity (Brit) university whose students study chiefly from home through correspondence and special TV and radio programmes 开放大学（学生通过 函授和电视及电台节目学习）. ,open `verdict jury's verdict that does not specify what action or crime caused a person's death 存疑裁决（陪审团对死因不详案的裁决）. ,open `vowel (phonetics 语音) vowel made with the tongue lowered considerably from the roof of the mouth, eg / B:/, / C/ 开元音（发音时舌位较低）如/ B:/、 / C/. `open-work n [U] pattern (in metal, lace, etc) with spaces between threads or strips （金属, 饰边等）透雕细工, 网状细工: [attrib 作定语] open-work lace 网眼饰边 * open-work wrought iron 透雕细工锻铁.

opening
[5EupniN; 5opEniN] n 1 [C] way in or out; open space; gap （进出的）通路; 开口; 孔; 洞: * an opening in a hedge, fence, etc 树篱、 篱笆等上的豁口 * an opening in the clouds 云中的缝隙. 2 [C esp sing 尤作单数] beginning 开始; 开端: * the opening of a book, speech, film, etc 书、 演说、 影片等的开头. 3 [sing] process of becoming or making open 开; 张开: * the opening of a flower 花的开放 * the opening of a new library 新图书馆的开幕. 4 [C] ceremony to celebrate (a public building, etc) being ready for use 庆祝（公共建 物等）开始使用的仪式: * Many attended the opening of the new sports centre. 很多人参加了新体育中心的开始使用典礼. 5 [C] (a) position (in a business or firm) which is open or vacant （公司等的）空缺: * an opening in an advertising agency 广告公司的空缺 * There are few openings in publishing for new graduates. 出版业中几乎没有给新毕业生的空缺. (b) good opportunity to do or talk about sth; favourable conditions 良机; 有利的环境: * excellent openings for trade 做生意的大好机会 * The last speaker gave me the opening I was waiting for. 最後的发言者给了我等待已久的讲话机会. 派生： opening adj [attrib 作定语] first 首先的; 第一个的; 开头的: his opening remarks 他的开场白 * the opening scene of a film 电影开始的镜头. 复合： ,opening `night night on which a new play/film is performed/shown to the public for the first time and to which critics are invited （戏剧或电影的）首次夜场或晚场（邀请评论界人士参加）: The princess attended the opening night of the opera. 公主观看了那歌剧首次演出的夜场. `opening-time n time at which public houses open and begin to serve drinks （酒店的）开始营业时间.

opera
[5CprE; 5apErE] n 1 [C] play in which words are sung to a musical accompaniment 歌剧（剧本）: * an opera by Wagner 瓦格纳的歌剧 * Verdi's later operas 威尔地的後期歌剧. 2 [U] dramatic works of this kind as entertainment, an art form, etc （演出的）歌剧作品; 歌剧艺术: * We're very fond of opera. 我们很喜爱歌剧. * sing in comic opera 演唱喜歌剧 * grand (ie serious) opera 大歌剧 * light (ie not serious) opera 轻歌剧 * tickets for the opera 歌剧票 * [attrib 作定语] the operaseason 歌剧演出季节. 3 [C] company performing opera歌剧团: * The Vienna State Opera 维也纳国家歌剧院. 派生： operatic[7CpE'rtik; 7apE'rAtik] adj of or for anopera 歌剧的; 适於歌剧的: * operatic music, singers, scores,arias 歌剧音乐、 演员、 总谱、 叹调. operatically[-klI; -klI/ adv. 复合： `opera-glasses n [pl] small binoculars for use in the theatre （观剧用的）小型双筒望远镜. `opera-house n theatre for performances of operas 歌剧院.

operate
[5CpEreit; 5apE7ret] v 1 (a) [I] (fml 文) work; be in action 工作; 运转: * This machine operates night and day. 这台机器日夜运转. * The lift was not operating properly. 电梯有些失灵了. (b) [Tn] cause (a machine, etc) to work; control 开动（机器等）; 操纵; 操作: * operate machinery 操纵机器 * He operates the lift. 他是开电梯的. * The kettle is operated by electricity. 这水壶是电热的. 2 [I, Ipr, It] have or produce an effect; be in action 有效; 起作用; 发生影响: * The system operates in five countries. 有五个国家实施这种体制. * The new law operates to our advantage. 新法规对我们有利. * Several causes operated to bring about the war. 那场战争的起因有几个. 3 [Ipr, Tn] ~ (from sth) do business; manageor direct (sth) 经营; 管理或掌管（某事物）: * The company operates from offices in London. 那公司由设在伦敦的办事处管理. * They operate three factories and a huge warehouse. 他们管着叁家工厂和一个大仓库. 4 [I, Ipr] ~ (on sb) (for sth) perform a surgical operation 动手术: * The doctors decided to operate (on her) immediately. 医生决定马上（给她）动手术. 5 [I, Ipr] (of soldiers, the police, etc) carry out raids, patrols, etc （指士兵、 警方等）出击、 巡逻等: * bombers operating from bases in the North 从北方各空军基地起飞的轰炸机 * Police speed traps are operating on this motorway. 这条高速公路上有超速监测器. 派生： operable[5CpErEbl; 5apErEbl] adj that can be treated by means of an operation 可动手术的: * operable diseases of the chest 可用手术治疗的胸部疾病 * The tumour is operable. 这肿瘤可动手术割除. 复合： `operating system controlling computer program that organizes the running of a number of other programs at the same time 操作系统. `operating-table n table on which surgical operations are performed 手术台: The patient died on the operating table. 病人死在手术台上了.

operate1
`operating-theatre n (also `theatre, esp US `operatingroom) room in a hospital used for surgical operations 手术室.

operation
[7CpE'reiFn; 7apE'reFEn] n 1 [U] way in which sth works; working 运转; 操作; 工作: * I can use a word processor but I don't understand its operation. 我能使用文字处理机, 但不了解其运转机制. 2 [C] activity, often involving several people and/or spread over a period of time 行动: * mount a rescue operation 发起营救行动 * at each stage of the massive police operation 在警方大规模行动的每一阶段上 * The entire operation will take about five days. 整个行动约需时五日. 3 (also op) [C] ~ (on sb) (for sth); ~ (to do sth) (medical 医) action performed by a surgeon on any part of the body, to treat or remove by cutting a diseased or an injured part 手术: * undergo an operation for appendicitis 接受阑尾切除手术 * perform an operation to amputate his leg 把他的一条腿截除 * a liver transplant operation 肝脏移植手术. 4 [C] business company 公司: * a huge multinational electronics operation 一家大规模的跨国电子公司. 5 (a) [C usu pl 通常作复数] (also ops) movement of ships, troops, aircraft, etc in war or during training （作战或训练中的）军事行动, 作战行动: * the officer in charge of operations 军事行动指挥官. (b) Operation [sing] (used as part of a code name for military campaigns 用作军事行动代号的一部分): * Operation Overlord 领主行动. (c) [C usu pl 通常作复数] planned campaign in industry, business, etc （工商业等的）有计画的业务活动: * involved in building, banking, business operations 经营建 业、 银行业、 商业 * operations research, ie study of business operations to improve efficiency in industry运筹学. 6 [C] (mathematics 数) addition, multiplication, subtraction, division, etc 运算. 7 (idm 习语) be in operation; bring sth/come into operation (cause sth to) be/become effective （使某事物）生效, 起作用: * When does the plan come into operation? 这项计画什麽时候实施?

operation1
* Is this rule in operation yet? 这条规则生效了吗? 派生： operational[-FEnl; -FEnl] adj (fml 文) 1 of, for or used in operations 操作的; 行动的; 手术的; 公司的; 军事行动的; 交易上的; 运算上的: * early operational problems行动初期的问题 * operational costs/expenditure, ie money needed for operating (machines, etc) 操作成本[费用]. 2 ready for use; ready to act 即可使用的; 即可行动的: * The telephone is fully operational again. 电话又完全可以使用了. * The squadron is not yet operational. 飞行中队尚未能马上行动. 复合： ope`rations room room from which military operations are controlled 作战指挥室.

operative
[5CpErEtiv; - -reit-; 5apE7retiv] adj (fml 文) 1 [usu pred 通常作表语] operating; effective; in use 操作; 有效; 使用中: * This law becomes operative on 12 May. 此法令自5月12日起生效. * The station will be operative again in January. 该车站将於一月份恢复使用. * The oil rig is now fully operative. 石油钻塔现全面开工. 2 (idm 习语) the operative word the most significant word (in a phrase, etc that has just been used) （刚用过的）最重要的词, 最关键的词: * The boss is hopping mad about it and `mad' is the operative word. 老板对此事暴跳如雷--‘暴跳如雷’这个成语在句中最重要. 派生： operative n (fml 文) 1 worker, esp a manual one 工作者; （尤指）体力劳动者, 工人: factory operatives 工厂工人. 2 secret agent; spy 特务; 间谍: undercover operatives 密探.

operator
[5CpEreitE(r); 5apE7retl] n 1 person who operates equipment, a machine, etc （设备、 机器等的）操作者: * a lift operator 电梯操作员 * a computer operator 计算机操作员. 2 person who operates a telephone switchboard at the exchange 电话接线员: * Dial 100 for the operator. 拨100找接线员. 3 person who operates or owns a business or an industry (esp a private one) 经营者（尤指私人工商业的）: * a private operator in civil aviation 私营民航企业家 * Our holiday was cancelled when the travel operator went bankrupt. 旅行社破产了, 我们度假的事取消了. 4 (infml esp derog 口, 尤作贬义) person acting in the specified (esp cunning) way 有某种（尤指狡滑的）行为的人: * He's a smooth/slick/shrewd/clever operator. 他是个圆滑的[狡滑的/精明的/聪明的]人.

operetta
[7CpE'retE; 7apE'retE] n short light musical comedy 轻歌剧.

ophthalmic
[Cf'WAlmik; af'WAlmik] adj (medical 医) of or for the eye （为）眼睛的: * ophthalmic surgery 眼外科. 复合： oph,thalmic op`tician = optician 2.

ophthalmology
[7CfWAl'mClEdVi; 7afWAl'malEdVi] n [U] (medical 医) scientific study of the eye and its diseases 眼科学. 派生： ophthalmologist[-lEdVist; -lEdVist] n person specializing in ophthalmology 眼科学家; 眼科医生: * the ophthalmologist at our local eye clinic 我们地方眼科诊所的眼科医生.

ophthalmoscope
[Cf'WAlmEskEup; af'WAlmE7skop] n (medical 医) instrument for examining the eye closely, having a mirror with a hole in the centre 检眼镜; 眼底镜.

opiate
[5EupiEt; 5opi7Et] n (fml 文) drug containing opium, used to relieve pain or to help sb sleep 鸦片制剂; 麻醉剂: * become addicted to opiates 对鸦片制剂上瘾 * (fig derog 比喻, 贬) the opiate of all-day television 终日对电视的沉迷.

opinion
[E'piniEn; E'pinjEn] n 1 [C] ~ (of/about sb/sth) belief or judgement (about sb/sth) not necessarily based on fact or knowledge 意见; 看法; 主张: * political opinions 政见 * What's your opinion of the new President? 你对新总统有什麽看法? * The chairman's opinion should be sought. 应该徵求主席的意见. * He was asked to give his honest opinion. 已请他直言不讳发表意见. 2 [U] beliefs or views of a group; what people in general feel 集体的意见或看法; 舆论: * Opinion is shifting in favour of the new scheme. 舆论正逐渐转向支持新计画. * The project seems excellent, but local opinion is against it. 该项目极佳, 但地方舆论却表示反对. 3 [C] professional estimate or advice 专业性的评估或意见: * get a lawyer's opinion on the question 请教律师对这问题的意见 * You'd better get a second opinion before you let that man take out all your teeth. 先别让那个人把你的牙都拔掉, 最好再徵求一下别人的意见. 4 (idm 习语) be of the opinion that... (fml 文) believe or think that... 主张...; 认为...: * I'm of the opinion that he is right. 我认为他对. one's considered opinion => consider. have a good, bad, high, low, etc opinion of sb/sth think well, badly, etc of sb/sth 对某人[某事物]有好感、 恶感、 高的或低的评价等: * The boss has a very high opinion of her. 老板很器重她. * She has a rather poor opinion of your written work. 她认为你的书面作业不太好. in my, your, etc opinion it is my, your, etc view or feeling that 按照我的、 你的...看法: * In my opinion and in the opinion of most people, it is a very sound investment. 照我的和大多数人的看法, 这是很可靠的投资. a matter of opinion => matter1. 派生： opinionated[-eitid; -etid] (also ,self-o`pinionated)adj (derog 贬) holding very strong views which one is not willing to change 固执己见的; 武断的: * a self-opinionated young fool 固执而愚蠢的年轻人

opinion1
* He is the most opinionated man I know. 他是我所认识的最固执己见的人. 复合： o`pinion poll = poll1 2.

opium
[5EupiEm; 5opiEm] n [U] drug made from poppy seeds, used to relieve pain or to help sb sleep 鸦片: * opium smuggling 鸦片走私.

opossum
[E'pCsEm; E'pasEm] (US also possum/ 5pCsEm; `pBsEm/) n type of small American or Australian animal that lives in trees and carries its young in a pouch 负鼠（产於美洲或澳洲）.

opp
abbr 缩写 = opposite.

opponent
[E'pEunEnt; E'ponEnt] n (a) ~ (at/in sth) person who is against another person in a fight, a struggle, a game or an argument 对手; 敌手; （争论的）对方: * our opponents in Saturday's game 我们星期六的比赛对手 * a political opponent 政敌 * Her opponent left the tennis court in tears. 她的对手含泪离开了网球场. (b) ~ (of sth) person who is against sth and tries to change or destroy it 反对者: * a fierce opponent of nuclear arms 强烈反对核武器的人 * opponents of abortion 反对堕胎的人.

opportune
[5CpEtju:n; - -tu:n; 7apl'tun] adj (fml 文) 1 (of time) suitable or favourable for a purpose （指时间）合适的, 恰好的, 适宜的: * arrive at an opportune moment 来得正好. 2 (of an action or event) done or coming at the right time （指行动或事情）适时的, 及时的: * an opportune remark, statement, intervention, etc 合时宜的言词、 言语、 干预等 * Your arrival was most opportune. 你来得真是时候. > opportunely adv.

opportunism
[7CpE'tju:nizEm; - -'tu:n-; 7apl'tunizEm] n [U] (esp derog 尤作贬义) looking for and using opportunities to gain an advantage for oneself, without considering if this is fair or right 机会主义: * political opportunism 政治上的机会主义 * a record of shameless opportunism 空前无耻的机会主义历史. 派生： opportunist[-ist; -ist] n (esp derog 尤作贬义) person who acts like this 机会主义者: * There were many opportunists and few men of principle. 机会主义者多, 坚持原则的人绝无仅有.

opportunity
[7CpE'tju:nEti; - -'tu:n-; 7apl'tunEti] n[C, U] 1 ~ (for/of doing sth); ~ (to do sth) favourabletime, occasion or set of circumstances 良机; 机会: * have/get/find/create an opportunity 有[得到/找到/创造]机会 * have few opportunities of meeting interesting people 难得遇上有趣的人 * have no/little/not much opportunity for hearing good music 没有[很少有/不大有]机会听到好的音乐 * a great, golden, marvellous, etc opportunity to travel 旅游的大好、 极好、 绝妙等时机 * I had no opportunity to discuss it with her. 我没有机会和她谈这件事. * Don't miss this opportunity: * it may never come again. 良机莫失, 失不再来. =>Usage at occasion 用法见occasion. 2 (idm 习语) take the opportunity to do sth/of doing sth recognize and use a good or suitable time to do sth 趁机; 藉此机会: * Let me take this opportunity to say a few words. 请让我趁此机会讲几句话. * We took the opportunity of visiting the palace. 我们趁便参观了皇宫.

oppose
[E'pEuz; E'poz] v 1 [Tn] (a) express strong disapproval of or disagreement with (sth/sb), esp with the aim of preventing or changing a course of action 反对（某事[某人]）; （尤指）反抗, 抵制: * oppose the building of a motorway 反对修 高速公路 * oppose a scheme 反对某计画 * oppose the Government 反政府 * He opposed the proposal to build a new hall. 他反对修建新礼堂的建议. (b) (fml 文) compete against (sb) 对抗（某人）; 与（某人）较量: * Who is opposing you in the match? 你和谁比赛? 2 [Tn.pr] ~ sth to/against sth (fml 文) present sth as a contrast or opposite to sth else 使某事物与另一事物对照或对抗: * Do not oppose your will against mine. 不要用你的意愿和我的抗衡. 派生： opposed adj 1 ~ to sth strongly against sth 强烈反对某事物: She seems very much opposed to your going abroad. 她好像很反对你出国. 2 (idm 习语) as opposed to in contrast to 与...对照; 与...对比: I am here on business as opposed to a holiday. 我在这里是办公事而不是度假.

opposite
[5CpEzit; 5apEzit] adj 1 [usu attrib 通常作定语] ~ (to sb/sth) having a position on the other side (of sb/sth); facing 另一侧的; 相对着的: * on the opposite page 对面一页上 * In England you must drive on the opposite side of the road to the rest of Europe. 在英国路上开车, 要与欧洲其他国家方向相反. * John and Mary sat at opposite ends of the table (to each other). 约翰和玛丽（面对面地）坐在桌子两端. * This is Number 6, so Number 13 must be on the opposite side of the street. 这是6号, 那麽13号一定在街的对面. 2 (used after the n 用於名词之後) facing the speaker or a specified person or thing 面对着的; 对面的: * I asked the man opposite if he would open the door. 我问对面的人他愿意不愿意开门. * I could see smoke coming out of the windows of the house opposite. 我可以看见有烟从对面房子的窗户冒出来. * Can you see where the grammar books are? The dictionaries are on the shelf directly opposite. 你看见语法书在哪儿呢吗? 词典都在正对着的书架上. 3 [attrib 作定语] entirely different; contrary 完全不同的; 相反的: * travelling in opposite directions 朝相反的方向行进 * contact with the opposite sex, ie of men with women or women with men 与异性接触 * The opposite approach is to use a bilingual dictionary. 另一种方法截然不同就是使用双语词典. 派生： opposite adv: There's a couple with a dog who live opposite. 对面住着一对夫妇养着一条狗. * The woman sitting opposite is a detective. 坐在对面的那个女子是侦探. opposite prep ~ (to) sb/sth 1 on the other side of a specific area from (sb/sth); facing (sb/sth) 在（某人[某物]）另侧; 面对（某人[某物]）: I sat opposite to him during the meal. 吃饭的时候我坐在他的对面. * The bank is opposite the supermarket. 银行在超级市场对面. * Put the wardrobe in the corner opposite the door. 把衣柜放在对着门的那个角落里.

opposite1
2 (of actors) taking a part in a play, film, etc as the partner of (sb) （指演员）与（某人）配戏, 合演: She had always dreamed of appearingopposite Olivier. 她一直梦想着能与奥利维尔配戏. opposite n ~ (of sth) word or thing that is as different as possible (from sth) 反义词; 对立的事物: Hot and cold are opposites. 热和冷是一对反义词. * Light is the opposite of heavy. 轻是重的反义词. * I thought she would be small and pretty but she's completely the opposite. 我以为她娇小而漂亮, 结果完全相反. 复合： one's ,opposite `number person with a similar job or position to one's own in another group or organization （在另一部门或组织中工作或职位）与自己相当的人: talks with her opposite number in the White House 和与她职位相当的白宫官员的会谈.

opposition
[7CpE'ziFn; 7apE'ziFEn] n 1 [U] ~ (to sb/sth) state or action of opposing (sb/sth); resistance 反对; 敌对; 相反; 相对; 抵抗; 对抗: * violent opposition to the new committee 对新委员会的强烈反对 * There's not much opposition to the scheme. 反对该规划的意见不太多. * Her proposal met with strong opposition. 她的建议遭到强烈反对. * The army came up against fierce opposition in every town. 军队在各个城镇都遇到顽强抵抗. 2 [Gp] people who oppose (sb); competitors; rivals 反对派; 竞争者; 对手; 敌手: * The opposition have a strong defence. 对方防卫力量很强. * Before setting up in business, she wanted to get to know the opposition. 她开业之前想了解一下竞争者的情形. 3 the Opposition [Gp] (politics 政 esp Brit) (MPs of the) political party or parties opposing the Government 反对党; 反对党议员: * We need an effective Opposition. 我们需要一个能起作用的反对党. * the leader of the Opposition 反对党领袖 * [attrib 作定语] the Opposition benches, ie seats where MPs of the Opposition sit in Parliament 反对党议席 * [attrib 作定语] Opposition MPs are few in number. 反对党议员人数很少. 4 (idm 习语) in opposition (to sb/sth) (a) opposing 相对; 面对: * We found ourselves in opposition to several colleagues on this issue. 我们在这一问题上与几个同事意见相左. (b) forming the Opposition形成反对党: * The Conservative party was in opposition for the first time in years. 多年以来保守党第一次处於反对党的地位.

oppress
[E'pres; E'pres] v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] 1 rule or treat (sb) with continual injustice or cruelty 压迫, 压制（某人）: * The people are oppressed by the military goverment. 人民受军政府的压迫. * Women are often oppressed by men. 女人经常受男人压迫. 2 make (sb) feel worried, uncomfortable or unhappy 使（某人）担心、 烦恼或不幸: * oppressed with anxiety, worry, poverty, etc 因焦虑、 忧虑、 贫穷等而烦恼 * The heat oppressed him and made him ill. 他热得病了. 派生： oppressed adj unjustly or cruelly treated 受压迫的; 受压制的: an oppressed people, group, class, etc 被压迫的人民、 团体、 阶级等. the oppressed n [pl v] oppressed people 被压迫的人民: the oppressed of the world 世界上被压迫的人民. oppression/E'preFn; E'preFEn] n [U] oppressing or being oppressed 压迫; 压制: * a tyrant's oppression of his people 暴君对人民的压迫 * a history of oppression 一部压迫史 * victims of oppression 受迫害者. oppressive/E'presiv; E'presiv] adj 1 unjust; cruel 不正义的; 暴虐的: * oppressive laws, rules, measures, etc 不公正的法规、 规则、 措施等. 2 hard to bear; causing distress 难以忍受的; 令人苦恼的: * oppressive weather 令人难受的天气 * The heat in the tropics can be oppressive. 热带气候热得难受. oppress-ively adv: * oppressively hot 热得难受. oppressor n person or group that oppresses; cruel or unjust ruler 压迫人的人或集团; 暴虐的统治者; 暴君: suffer at the hands of an oppressor 在暴君的统治下受苦.

opprobrious
[E'prEubriEs; E'probriEs] adj (fml 文) (of words, etc) showing scorn or reproach; abusive （指词语等）表示轻蔑的, 申斥的, 辱骂的: * opprobrious language, remarks, deeds 辱骂的语言、 言语、 行为. 派生： opprobriously adv (fml 文). opprobrium[-briEm; -briEm] n [U] (fml 文) public disgrace and shame 羞辱; 耻辱; 不名誉: * excite/incur opprobrium 招致羞辱.

ops
[Cps; aps] n [pl] (infml 口) = operations (operation 5a).

opt
[Cpt; apt] v 1 [Tt] decide to do sth; choose 决定做某事物; 选择: * He opted to go to Paris rather than London 他决定去巴黎, 不去伦敦. 2 (phr v) opt for sth decide on sth; choose sth 决定某事物; 选择某事物: * Fewer students are opting for science courses nowadays. 现在选修理科的学生少了. =>Usage at choose 用法见choose. opt out (of sth) choose not to take part (in sth) 决定不参加（某事）: * I think I'll opt out of this game. 我不想参加这场比赛.

optic
[5Cptik; 5aptik] adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] (fml 文) of or concerned with the eye or the sense of sight 眼睛的; 视觉的: * the optic nerve, ie from the eye to the brain 视神经. 派生： optics n [sing v] scientific study of sight and of light in relation to it 光学.

optical
[5Cptikl; 5aptikl] adj [esp attrib尤作定语] 1 of the sense of sight 视觉的; 视力的: * optical effects and sound effects 视觉效果与声音效果. 2 for looking through; to help the eyes 供视力透过的; 有助於眼睛的: * optical instruments, eg microscopes and telescopes 光学仪器（如显微镜和望远镜）. > optically[-kli; -kli] adv. 复合： ,optical `art = op art. ,optical il`lusion thing by which the eye is deceived 视错觉; 光错视; 光幻视: A mirage is an optical illusion. 海市蜃楼是一种视错觉. * I thought I saw a ghost but it was just an optical illusion. 我以为我看见鬼了, 其实只是一种幻觉.

optician
[Cp'tiFn; ap'tiFEn] n 1 person who makes and sells optical instruments, esp contact lenses and glasses （兼营制造与销售的）光学仪器商; （尤指）眼镜商. 2 (also oph,thalmic op`tician) person qualified to examine the eyes and prescribe glasses, etc as well as issue them （兼配制眼镜的）验光师: * The optician said I needed new glasses. 验光师说我需要配新眼镜. * I've just been to the optician's, ie the optician's practice. 我刚去眼镜店验过光.

optimism
[5CptimizEm; 5aptE7mizEm] n [U] tendency to expect the best in all things; confidence in success; belief that good will triumph over evil in the end 乐观; 乐观主义: * He was still full of optimism for the future despite his many problems. 他尽管有许多问题, 但对未来仍十分乐观. * There was a feeling of optimism in the country when the new government was elected. 经选举产生新政府, 举国上下对前景十分乐观. Cf 参看 pessimism. 派生： optimist[-mist; -mist] n person who is always hopeful and expects the best in all things 乐观的人; 乐观主义者: * He's such an optimist that he's sure he'll soon find a job. 他很乐观, 认为自己一定很快就能找到工作. Cf 参看 pessimist (pessimism). optimistic[7Cpti'mistik; 7aptE'mistik] adj ~ (about sth) expecting the best; confident 乐观的; 有信心的: * an optimistic view of events 对事情的乐观看法 * She's not optimistic about the outcome. 她对结果不很乐观. optimistically[-kli; -kli] adv.

optimum
[5CptimEm; 5aptEmEm] (also optimal/ 5CptImEl; `BptEmEl/) adj [attrib 作定语] (fml 文) best or most favourable 最佳的; 最适宜的; 最有利的: * the optimum temperature for the growth of plants 植物生长的最佳温度 * enjoy optimum economic conditions 处於最佳经济状况.

option
[5CpFn; 5apFEn] n 1 [U] power or freedom of choosing; choice 选择权; 选择自由; 选择: * have little option, ie not much choice 没有多少选择的馀地 * I haven't much option in the matter, ie I cannot choose. 在这件事情上我无可选择. * I have little option but to go, ie I have to go. 我别无选择只好走. * He did it because he had no other option, ie no other choice. 他这样做是因为他没有其他办法. * He was given one month's imprisonment without the option (ie alternative) of a fine. 他被判监禁一个月, 不得以罚款相抵. 2 [C] thing that is or may be chosen; choice 可供选择的事物; 选择: * Make a list of the various options. 列出可供选择的项目. * There weren't many options open to him, ie there was little choice available. 他没有什麽选择馀地. 3 [C] ~ (on sth) (commerce 商) right to buy or sell sth at a certain price within a certain time （按其价格在规定期限内买或卖某物的）选择权: * an option on a package holiday 包价旅游选择权 * have an option on a piece of land 有买卖一地皮的选择权 * We have a 12-day option on the house. 我们是否购买那所房子有12天的选择权. 4 (idm 习语) keep/leave one's `options open avoid making a decision now, so that one still has a choice later 暂不作决定; 留有选择馀地: * Don't take the job now keep your options open until you leave university. 先别接受这份工作--暂时保留选择权, 到离开这所大学再说. 派生： optional[-FEnl; -FEnl] adj that may be chosen or not, as one wishes; not compulsory 可选择的; 随意的; 非强迫的: * optional subjects at school 学校的选修课 * Formal dress is optional. 是否穿礼服自便. * The cassette player is an optional extra in this make of car, ie It will cost extra if one chooses to have it. 这种型号汽车如需盒式磁带唱机费用另计.

opulent
[5CpjulEnt; 5apjElEnt] adj (fml 文) 1 having or showing signs of great wealth 富裕的; 富有的; 砰气的: * opulent furnishings 华丽的陈设 * an opulent suburb 富裕的市郊 * opulent tastes in cars 对汽车豪华装饰的讲究. 2 abundant 丰富的; 大量的: * opulent vegetation 茂盛的草木. > opulence[-lEns; -lEns] n [U]. opulently adv: * opulently furnished rooms 陈设豪华的房间.

or
[C:(r); Cr] conj 1 (introducing an alternative 表示选择关系) （用於陈述句中）或, 或者; （用於疑问句中）还是: * Answer yes or no. 回答是或者不是. * Is it green or blue? 是绿的还是蓝的? * Are you coming or not? 你来不来? * Is the baby a boy or a girl? 是男孩儿还是女孩儿? Cf 参看 either...or (either). 2 (introducing all but the first of a series of alternatives 表示除首项事物外的选择关系) （用於陈述句中）或, 或者; （用於疑问句中）还是: * I'd like it to be black, (or) white or grey. 那个东西我喜欢黑 的、 （或）白的或灰的. * Will you have tea, (or) coffee or lemonade? 你喝茶、 （还是）咖啡还是汽水? 3 if not; otherwise 否则; 要不然: * Turn the heat down or your cake will burn. 把热度调低吧, 要不蛋糕就要猵胡了. Cf 参看or else. 4 (after a negative 用於否定词之後) and neither也不: * He can't read or write. 他不会看书也不会写字. * They never dance or sing. 他们从不跳舞, 也不唱歌. Cf 参看 neither...nor. 5 (a) (introducing a word or phrase that explains, or means the same as, another 表示一词语对另一词语的解释关系或为其同义词语) 即, 亦即: * an increase of 50p, or 10 shillings in old money 增加50便士, 合旧币10先令 * a kilo, or two pounds 一公斤, 亦即两磅 * geology, or the science of the earth's crust 地质学, 即研究地壳的科学. (b) (introducing an afterthought表示事後想到而添加的关系): * He was obviously lying or was he? 他显然在撒谎--是不是呢? * I need a new coat or do I? 我需要一件新大衣了--需要不需要呢? 6 (idm 习语) either...or => either. or `else (a) otherwise; because if not; or(3) 否则; 要不然: * Hurry up or ,else you'll be `late. 快点吧, 要不就迟到了. * You must go to work or ,else you'll lose your `job. 你得去上班了, 要不然就要失去这份工作了. (b) (infml 口) (used as a threat) or something bad will happen （用以表示威胁）否则後果不妙:

or1
* Pay up or else! 快付钱, 要是不付! * You'd better give me that book or else! 你最好把那本书给我--不给的话! or rather (used when making a statement more accurate or correct 说得更确切些或加以更正): * We stayed at my friend's house, or rather at my friend's parents' house. 我们住在我朋友家里, 说得确切些是在我朋友的父母家. * He is my cousin or rather my `father's cousin. 他是我表弟--我是说是我父亲的表弟. or so (suggesting vagueness or uncertainty about quantity 表示含糊的或不确定的量): * There were `twenty or so, ie about twenty. 大约有二十个. * We stayed for an `hour or so. 我们停留了一小时左右. or somebody/something/somewhere; somebody/something/somewhere or other (infml 口) (expressing uncertainty or vagueness about a person, thing or place 表示人、 物或地点的不确定的或含糊的情形): * He's a bank manager or something. 他是银行经理这类的人. * I put it in the cupboard or somewhere. 我把它放在柜橱之类的地方了. * `Who told you?’ `Oh, somebody or other, I've forgotten who.’ ‘谁告诉你的?’‘啊, 有个人, 我忘了是谁了.’ * It's somewhere or other in the kitchen. 就在厨房的什麽地方. or two (after a singular n 用於单数名词之後) or more; about 或更多; 大约: * After a `minute or two we saw him. 一两分钟後我们看见他了. * I haven't seen him for a `year or two. 我有一两年没见他了. whether...or; whether or not => whether.

oracle
[5CrEkl; - 'C:r-; 5CrEkl] n 1 (a) (in ancient Greece) holy place where the gods could be asked about the future （古希腊的）神示所: * the oracle at Delphi 在德尔斐的神示所. (b) the answer given (which was often ambiguous or obscure) 神谕（常含糊费解）. (c) priest (ess) giving the answers 传达神谕的（女）祭司: * consult the oracle 请示神谕. 2 (fig 比喻) person considered able to give reliable advice 能提供可靠意见的人: * My sister's the oracle on beauty matters. 我妹妹是美容方面的大行家. 派生： oracular/E'rkjulE(r); E'rAkjEll] adj (fml or joc 文或谑) of or like an oracle; with hidden meaning （似）神谕的; 有隐意的: * oracular utterances from the headmaster校长的金口玉言.

oral
[5C:rEl; 5CrEl] adj 1 not written; spoken 口头的; 口述的: * an oral examination 口试 * stories passed on by oral tradition, ie from one generation to the next without being written down 口头流传的故事. 2 of, by or for the mouth 口的; 用口的; 口用的: * oral hygiene 口腔卫生 * oral contraceptives 口服避孕药. 派生： oral n oral examination 口试: He failed the oral. 他口试不及格. orally[5C:rEli; 5CrEli] adv 1 through the spoken word 经口述: * Tribal lore and custom have been passed down orally. 部落的知识和风俗口耳相传保存下来. 2 of, byor for the mouth 口中; 用口; 适用於口: * orally administereddrugs 口服药 * not to be taken orally, eg of medicines, not to be swallowed 不可口服.

orang
utan

orange
[5CrindV; - 'C:r-; 5CrindV] n 1 [C] round thick-skinned juicy edible fruit that is a reddish-yellow colour when ripe 柑橘; 橙: * oranges, lemons and other citrus fruits 橙子、 柠檬和其他柑橘属水果 * [attrib 作定语]orange juice 橙子汁. =>illus at fruit 见fruit插图. 2 [C](usu 通常作 orange tree) evergreen tree on which this fruit grows 柑橘树: * an orange grove 柑橘园. 3 [U] reddish-yellow colour of this fruit 橘红色; 橙黄色: * a pale shade of orange 淡橘红色. =>illus at spectrum 见spectrum插图. 4 [U, C] (glass of a) drink made from oranges （一杯）柑橘饮料: * Would you like some orange? 你要橘子水吗? * A fresh orange, please, ie real orange juice as opposed to orangeade or orange squash. 请来一杯鲜橙汁. * I'd like a gin and orange please. 请来一杯橙汁杜松子酒. 派生： orange adj of the colour orange 橘红色的; 橙黄色的: an orange hat 橘红色的帽子 * an orange light 橙黄色的光. orangeade[7CrindV'eid; - 7C:r-; 7CrindV'ed] n [C, U] (glass of a) fizzy orange-flavoured soft drink （一杯）橙子汽水. 复合： `orange-blossom n white sweet-scented flower of the orange tree 橙花: Orange-blossom is associated with weddings. 看到橙花可以使人联想到婚礼. ,orange `squash (Brit) still, orange-flavoured soft drink made from juice or syrup diluted with water 橙子水.

oration
[C:'reiFn; C'reFEn] n (fml 文) formal speech made on a public occasion, esp as part of a ceremony 演讲, 演说（尤指作为仪式的一部分）: * a funeral oration 悼词.

orator
[5CrEtE(r); - 'C:r-; 5CrEtl] n (fml 文) (a) person who makes formal speeches in public 演说者. (b) person who is good at public speaking 演说家: * a fine political orator 优秀的政治演说家. 派生： oratorical[7CrE'tCrikl; - 7C:rE'tC:r-; 7CrE'tCrikl] adj (fml sometimes derog 文, 有时作贬义) of speech-making or orators 演说的; 演说家的; 高谈阔论的: * oratorical phrases, gestures, etc 演说家的辞令、 姿势等 * an oratorical contest 演讲比赛.

oratorio
[7CrE'tC:riEu; - 7C:r-; 7CrE'tCrio] n (pl ~s) musical composition for solo voices, chorus and orchestra,usu with a Biblical theme （通常以《圣经》内容为主题的）清唱剧, 神剧: * Handel's oratorios 韩德尔的清唱剧. Cf 参看 cantata.

oratory
1[5CrEtri; - 'C:rEtC:ri; 5CrE7tCri] n small chapel for private prayer or worship 私人礼拜堂.

orb
[C:b; Crb] n 1 (fml or arch 文或古) globe, esp the sun, the moon or one of the planets 球体; 星球; 天体; （尤指）日, 月, 行星: * an orb of golden light 发金光的星球. 2 jewelled ball with a cross on top carried by a king or queen as part of ceremonial dress 王权宝球（球顶饰有十字架, 为国王礼服的一部分）.

orbit
[5C:bit; 5Crbit] n 1 (a) path followed by a planet, star, moon, etc round another body （天体运行的）轨道: * the earth's orbit round the sun 地球绕行太阳的轨道. (b) path of a man-made object, eg a satellite or space-craft, round a planet, star, etc （人造物体如卫星、 航天器等飞行的）轨道: * The spacecraft is in orbit (ie moving in orbit) round the moon. 该航天器在绕月球轨道上飞行. * How many satellites have been put into orbit round the earth? 有多少颗人造卫星已送入绕地球轨道? 2 area of power or influence; scope 势力范围: * Marketing does not come within the orbit of his department. 市场推销业务不归他这一部门管. 派生： orbit v [I, Tn] move in orbit round (sth) 在绕（某 物）的轨道上运行; 环绕轨道运行: orbit in space 在太空中沿轨道运行 * How many spacecraft have orbited the moon? 有多少航天器绕月球轨道运行? orbital[5C:bitl; 5Crbitl] adj of an orbit （星体的或人造飞行物体的）轨道的; 势力范围的: * a spacecraft's orbital distance from the earth 航天器的远地轨道距离 * an orbital motorway, ie round the outside of a city 外环高速公路. -- n road passing round the outside of a city （城市的）外环路: * Take the London orbital. 走伦敦外环路.

orch
abbr 缩写 = orchestra(l); orchestrated (by).

orchard
[5C:tFEd; 5CrtFld] n (usu enclosed) piece of land in which fruit trees are grown （通常指围起来的）果园: * apple orchards 苹果园.

orchestra
[5C:kistrE; 5CrkistrE] n [CGp] (usu large) group of people playing various musical instruments together （通常为大型的）管弦乐队: * a dance, string, symphony orchestra 舞蹈乐队、 弦乐队、 交响乐团 * She plays the flute in an orchestra. 她在管弦乐队中吹奏笛子. * He conducts the London Symphony Orchestra. 他指挥伦敦交响乐团. Cf 参看 band 3. 派生： orchestral/C:'kestrEl; Cr'kestrEl] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of, for or by an orchestra 管弦乐队的; 为管弦乐队的; 管弦乐队演奏的: * orchestral instruments, music, performances 管弦乐队的乐器、 音乐、 演出 * an orchestral concert 管弦乐演奏会. 复合： `orchestra pit = pit1 7. `orchestra stalls (US orchestra) front seats on the floor of a theatre （剧场的）正厅前座.

orchestrate
[5C:kistreit; 5Crkis7tret] v [Tn] 1 arrange (a piece of music) for an orchestra to play 将（一音乐作品）编成管弦乐曲: * a set of piano pieces orchestrated by the composer 由作曲家谱写成管弦乐的一套钢琴曲. 2 carefully (and sometimes unfairly) arrange (sth) in order to bring about a desired result 精心安排（某事物）（有时指手段不正当）: * The demonstration was carefully orchestrated to attract maximum publicity. 该示威经过精心策画以尽量吸引公众注意. > orchestration/ 9R:kI5streIFn; 9RrkIs`treFEn/ n [C, U].

orchid
[5C:kid; 5Crkid] (also orchis[5C:kis; 5Crkis] ) n 1 plant, usu with flowers of unusual shapes and brilliant colours, having one petal larger than the other two 兰科植物: * Many kinds of wild orchid are becoming rare. 很多种野生兰越来越罕见了. 2 one of these flowers (usu expensive to buy) 兰花: * She wore a single orchid on her evening dress. 她在晚礼服上缀着一朵兰花.

ordain
[C:'dein; Cr'den] v 1 [Tn, Cn.n] make (sb) a priest or minister 任命（某人）为司铎、 神父或牧师: * He was ordained priest last year. 去年授予他司铎一职. 2 [Tn, Tf] (fml 文) (of God, law, authority, fate, etc) order or command; decide in advance （指上帝、 法律、 权威、 命运等）命令, 规定, 注定: * Fate had ordained that he should die in poverty. 命中注定他得死於贫困. =>Usage at decree 用法见decree.

ordeal
[C:'di:l, 'C:di:l; Cr'dil, 'Crdil] n difficult or painful experience (esp one that tests a person's character or powers of endurance) 苦难经历; （尤指对品格、 耐力的）严峻考验: * the ordeal of divorce 离婚的痛苦 * The hostages went through a dreadful ordeal. 个个人质都经历了可怕的折磨.

order
1[5C:dE(r); 5Crdl] n 1 [U] way in which people or things are placed or arranged in relation to one another 次序; 顺序: * names in alphabetical order 按字母顺序排列的名字 * events in chronological order, ie according to times, dates, etc 按时间先後排列的事件 * arranged in order of size, merit, importance, etc, ie according to size, etc 按大小、 功绩、 重要性等排列的. 2 condition in which everything is carefully and neatly arranged 整齐; 有条理: * put/leave/set one's affairs, papers, accounts in order 把个人的事务、 文件、 帐目整理得井井有条 * Get your ideas into some kind of order before beginning to write. 把思绪理清再写. Cf 参看 disorder. 3 [U] (condition brought about by) obedience to laws, rules, authority 治安; 秩序; 规矩: * Some teachers find it difficult to keep order in their classes/to keep their classes in order. 有些教师觉得课堂秩序很难维持. * The police must try to restore order. 警方必须努力恢复治安. Cf 参看 disorder. 4 [C] ~ (for sb to do sth); ~ (that...) command or instruction given by sb in authority 命令; 指挥; 指示: * Soldiers must obey orders. 军人必须服从命令. * He gave orders for the work to be started/that the work should be started immediately. 他发出指示要立即开始工作. * My orders prevent me from doing that, ie I have been instructed not to do it. 我接到指示不可做此事. 5 [C] ~ (for sth) (a) request to make or supply (goods) 定购; 定单; 定货: * fill an order, ie supply the goods asked for 交付定货 * He gave his order to the waiter. 他把他点的东西告诉服务员了. * We've received an order for two tons of coal. 我们已收到两吨煤的定单. (b) goods supplied 交付的货: * A delivery van has brought the grocery order. 送货车已把定购的杂货送来了. * Your order has arrived. 您的货已到. 6 [C] written instruction that allows the holder to be paid money or to do sth 汇票; 授权凭证:

order1
* a `banker's/`postal order, ie an order to a bank/post office to pay money 银行[邮政]汇票 * obtain a court order to allow a divorced man to visit his children 获得法院授权书以使某离婚男子可探视子女. 7 [U] system of rules or procedures (at public or committee meetings, or in Parliament, lawcourts, etc) （会议、 国会、 法庭等的）规则, 规程, 程序, 秩序: * rules of order 议事规程 * speak to order, ie according to rules laid down by the meeting 按会议规定的程序发言 * the order of business 议程 * (on) a point of order, ie (on) a question of procedure （在）程序问题（上） * I wish to raise a point of order. 我想提个议程的问题. 8 (a) [C] (fml 文) (arrangement of) groups, classes, etc in society (in relation to one another) 集团; 阶级; 阶层: * The social order of ants is very interesting. 蚂蚁的社会结构非常有趣. (b) [C esp pl 尤作复数] (derog or joc 贬或谑) members of such a group, class, etc 集团、 阶级、 阶层等的成员: * the lower orders 下层社会. 9 [CGp] (biology 生) group of related animals or plants below a class(7) and above a family(4) 目: * the order of primates 灵长目 * The rose and the bean families belong to the same order. 蔷薇科和豆科同属一目. Cf 参看 phylum, genus 1, species 1. 10 (a) [CGp] group of people appointed to a special class as an honour or reward （荣誉的）勋位: * The Order of the Garter is an ancient order of chivalry. 嘉德勋位是古老的骑士勋位. (b) [C] badge, sign, etc worn by members of such a group 勋章: * wear all one's orders and medals 佩带全部的勋章和奖章. 11 [CGp] group of people who have been ordained as clergymen （神职的）级别: * the Order of Priests/Deacons/Bishops 牧师[执事/主教]级别. 12 [CGp] group of people, esp monks, living under religious rules 宗教团体; （尤指）修道会: * the monastic orders 修士会

order2
* the Order of DominicanFriars 多明我会. 13 [C] style of ancient Greek or Roman architecture characterized by the type of column used （古希腊或罗马建 的）柱型, 柱式: * the five classical orders of architecture 建 学上的五种古典柱式 * the Doric order 多利斯柱式. 14 [U] (fml 文) kind; sort 种类: * skills of the highest order 最高技巧. 15 [sing] ~ of sth exact form of a religious service 宗教礼仪: * the order of service as laid down in the Prayer Book 祈祷书上规定的礼仪. 16 (idm 习语) be in/take (holy) `ordersbe/become a priest 是[成为]司铎. be under orders (to do sth) have been instructed or commanded (to do sth) 受命（做某事物）: * I'm under strict orders not to let any strangers in. 我奉命严禁外人入内. by order of sb/sth according to directions given by a person in authority 奉某人之命; 按某人的指示: * by order of the Governor 奉总督之命 * by order of the court 依据法庭指令. call sb/sth to order => call2. get one's/give sb his marching orders => march1. in apple-pie order=> apple. in running/working order (esp of machines) working well, smoothly, etc （尤指机器）运转良好、 正常等: * This lift is hardly ever in working order. 这个电梯从来就不大好用. * The engine has been tuned and is now in perfect working order. 发动机已经调好, 现在运转状况极佳. in `order as it should be; able to be used 妥当的; 能用的: * Is your passport in order (ie still valid)? 你的护照仍然有效吗? in order (to do sth) (fml 文) according to the rules, etc of a meeting, etc 根据会议等的规定等: * It is not in order to interrupt. 打断别人发言是违反会议规则的. * Is it in order to speak now? 按规定现在可以发言吗? in order that (fml 文) with the intention that; so that 目的在於; 为了; 以便: * He left early in order that he should/would/might arrive on time. 他早早动身好按时到达. in order to do sth with the purpose or intention of doing sth 目的在於做某事物:

order3
* She arrived early in order to get a good seat. 她到得很早, 图的是得个好座位. in/into reverse order => reverse. in short order => short 1. law and order => law. of/in the order of sth (fml 文) about (the same quality, quantity or number as) 大约（同样的质量、 数量或数目）: * Her salary is of the order of ￡150 a week. 她的薪金约为每周150英镑. on `order requested but not yet received 定购中的; 定制中的: * I've got two books on order at the bookshop. 我在书店订购了两本书. the ,order of the `day programme of business to be discussed in Parliament, or at a formal meeting （议会的或其他正式会议的）议程: * (fig joc 比喻, 谑) Good behaviour must be the order of the day when the school inspector comes. 督学一来, 品行良好问题必在议事之列. Order! Order! (used to call attention to the fact that a person is not observing the usual rules or procedures at a debate, meeting, etc 用以提请与会者注意遵守规则的用语). an ,order to `view written authority from an estate agent to look over a house, etc with the idea of buying it 看房许可证（房地产经纪人签发给有意买房者的）. ,out of `order (a) (of a machine, etc) not working properly （指机器等）工作不正常, 出故障: * The phone is out of order. 电话坏了. (b) (fml 文) not allowed by the rules of a formal meeting, etc 违反会议规则: * His objection was ruled to be out of order. 他提出的异议被裁定为有违会议规则. the pecking order => peck. a point of order => point1. put/set one's (own) house in order => house. take orders from sb do as sb instructs 受命於某人; 按某人之命做: * She said she wouldn't take orders from a junior clerk. 她说她不能听低级职员的指挥. a tall order =>tall. (made) to order (made) according to a customer'sspecial requirements 按顾客要求（做）: * This company will tailor a suit to order. 这家公司可定制套服. under the orders of sb commanded or instructed by sb 受某人的指挥; 在某人的指令下:

order4
* serve under the orders of a new general 在新将军麾下. under starter's orders => starter. 复合： `order-book n book in which a business records orders from customers 定货簿: have a full order-book 记满定货项目的定货簿. `order-form n printed form to be filled in by a customer ordering goods 定货单: It will speed up delivery if you complete the official order-form. 填妥定单便於尽早送货. `order-paper n written or printed programme of business for a committee, Parliament, etc on a particular day 议事日程表.

orderly
1[5C:dEli; 5Crdlli] adj 1 well-arranged; in good order; tidy 安排好的; 有秩序的; 有顺序的; 有条理的; 整齐的: * an orderly room, desk, etc 整洁的房间、 书桌等 * (fig 比喻) an orderly mind 有条理的头脑. 2 well-behaved; peaceful 品行良好的; 守秩序的: * an orderly football crowd 守秩序的足球观众. > orderliness/ 5R:dElInIs; `RrdLlInIs/ n [U].

ordinal
[5C:dinl; - -dEnl; 5CrdnEl] adj (of a number) showing order or position in a series （指数字）序数的. > ordinal n (also ,ordinal `number): * `First', `second' and `third' are ordinals. 第一、 第二、 第叁都是序数词. =>App 4 见附录4. Cf 参看 cardinal1.

ordinance
[5C:dinEns; 5CrdnEns] n [C, U] (fml 文) order, rule or law made by a government or an authority 法令; 法规; 条例: * the ordinances of the City Council 市议会的法令 * by ordinance of the mayor 奉市长指令.

ordinary
[5C:dEnri; - 'C:rdEneri; 5Crdneri] adj 1 normal; usual 平常的; 正常的; 通常的; 普通的: * an ordinary sort of day 平常的一天 * in the ordinary course of events 按照事情的正常发展 * ordinary people like you and me 你我之类的老百姓 * We were dressed up for the party but she was still in her ordinary clothes. 我们都盛装赴会, 而她却依然日常装束. * (derog 贬) a very ordinary meal, ie nothing special 很平常的饭菜. Cf 参看 extraordinary. 2 (idm 习语) in the `ordinary way if the circumstances were usual 如果情况如常; 就通常情况而言: * In the ordinary way he would have come with us, but he's not feeling well. 在一般情况下他都和我们一起来, 只是他现在身体不太好. out of the `ordinary unusual; exceptional 不正常的; 例外的; 特殊的: * Her new house is certainly out of the ordinary. 她的新居真是不同凡响. * His behaviour is nothing out of the ordinary, ie not unusual. 他举止没有任何反常之处. 派生： ordinarily[5C:dEnrEli; - 7C:rdn'erEli; 7Crdn'erEli] adv 1 in an ordinary way 平常地; 正常地; 通常地; 普通地: * behave quite ordinarily 表现得很平常. 2 as a general rule; usually 一般地; 如常地; 照例地: * Ordinarily, I find this job easy, but today I'm having problems. 平时我认为这工作很容易, 岂知今日却有了问题. 复合： `ordinary level (also O level) (formerly in British education) examination of basic standard in the General Certificate of Education （旧时英国普通教育文凭的）普通级考试. ,ordinary `seaman sailor of the lowest rank on a ship 二等水兵. =>App 9 见附录9.

ordination
[7C:di'neiFn; - -dn'eiFn; 7Crdn'eFEn] n (a) [U] ceremony of ordaining (a priest or minister) （司铎、 神父或牧师等的）任命仪式. (b) [C] example of this 授圣职礼.

ordnance
[5C:dnEns; 5CrdnEns] n [U] 1 military supplies and materials 军需品和军用器材. 2 government service dealing with these 军械署. 复合： ,Ordnance `Survey (Brit) (government department that prepares) accurate and detailed maps of Great Britain （英国的）全国地形测量（局）: [attrib 作定语] an Ordnance Survey map 英国全国地形测量局绘制的地图.

ordure
[5C:djuE(r); - -dVEr; 5CrdVl] n [U] (fml or euph 文或婉) excrement; dung; filth 排泄物; 粪; 污物.

ore
[C:(r); Cr] n [U, C] rock, earth, mineral, etc from which metal can be obtained 矿石: * iron ore 铁矿石 * an area rich in ores 矿产丰富的地区.

organ
1[5C:gEn; 5CrgEn] n 1 part of an animal body or plant serving a particular purpose 器官: * the organs of speech, ie the tongue, teeth, lips, etc 发音器官 * The eye is the organ of sight. 眼睛是视觉器官. * the reproductive organs 生殖器官 * The surgeon removed the infected organ. 医生切除了受感染的器官. 2 (fml 文) (official) organization that serves a special purpose; means of getting work done （官方的）机关, 机构: * Parliament is the chief organ of government. 议会是政府的主要机关. 3 (fml 文) means for communicating the views of a particular group or party （集团或党派的）宣传工具, 机关报刊, 新闻媒介: * organs of public opinion, ie newspapers, TV, radio, etc 舆论工具 * This paper is the official organ of the Communist Party. 这份报纸是共产党的官方喉舌.

organdie
(US also organdy)[C:'gAndi; - 'C:rgEndi;'CrgEndi] n [U] type of fine, slightly stiff cotton material 奥甘迪; 蝉翼纱: * a blouse made of white organdie 用白色奥甘迪制的女衬衫 * [attrib 作定语] an organdie dress 蝉翼纱连衣裙.

organic
[C:'gAnik; Cr'gAnik] adj 1 (fml 文) of or affecting an organ or organs of the body 器官的; 器质性的: * The illness is organic in origin. 该病起初是器质性疾患. * organic diseases, disorders, etc 器官疾病、 器官功能紊乱. 2 [esp attrib 尤作定语] of, found in, or formed by living things 生物的; 有机体的; 有机物的: * organic substances, compounds, matter, etc 有机物质、 有机化合物、 有机物 * rich organic soil 肥沃的有机质土壤. Cf 参看 inorganic. 3 [esp attrib 尤作定语] (of food, farmingmethods, etc) produced or practised without artificial fertilizers or pesticides （指食物、 耕作法等）施用有机肥料或有机农药的: * organic vegetables 施有机肥料的蔬菜 * organic horticulture 有机物施用园艺学. 4 (fml 文) made of related parts; arranged as a system 有机的;建制的; 有组织的; 有系统的: * an organic part of our business 我公司的一个组成部分. > organically[-klI; -klI/ adv: * The doctor said there was nothing organically wrong with me. 医生说我没有器质性的毛病. * organically grown tomatoes 用有机肥料培植的蕃茄. 复合： or,ganic `chemistry chemistry of carbon compounds有机化学. Cf 参看 inorganic chemistry (inorganic).

organism
[5C:gEnizEm; 5CrgEn7izEm] n 1 (a) (usu small) living being with parts that work together （通常指微小的）生物, 有机体: * study the minute organisms in water 研究水中的微生物. (b) individual plant or animal 生物体. 2 (fml 文) system made up of parts which are dependent on each other 有机体系; 有机组织: * The business is a large, complicated organism. 该企业是一个大而复杂的组织.

organization, organisation
[7C:gEnai'zeiFn; - -ni'z-;7CrgEnE'zeFEn] n 1 [U] (a) activity of organizing 组织的活动: * He's involved in the organization of a new club. 他参与了新俱乐部的组织工作. (b) condition or state of being organized 组织性; 系统性; 条理性: * She is brilliant but her work lacks organization. 她很有才华,但工作缺乏条理. 2 [C] organized group of people; system 组织; 机构; 系统: * all the local leisure organizations所有的地方康乐组织 * The human body has a very complex organization. 人体是个非常复杂的机体. > organizational, -isational[-FEnl; -FEnl] adj [esp attrib 尤作定语]: * excellent organizational skills 高超的组织艺术.

organize, organise
[5C:gEnaiz; 5CrgEn7aiz] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (into sth) put sb/sth into working order; arrange (parts, people) into an efficient system 组织某人[某事物]; 将（部件、 人）编入组织或系统: * organize a political party, a government, a club, an army, etc 组织政党、 政府、 俱乐部、 军队等 * She loves to organize people. 她喜欢做组织工作. * She organized the class into four groups. 她把全班分成四组. 2 [Tn] make arrangements or preparations for (sth) 为（某事物）作安排或准备: * organize a picnic 筹备野餐活动 * organize a protest meeting 组织抗议集会 * They organized an expedition to Everest. 他们组织了埃佛勒斯峰（即珠穆朗玛峰）之行. =>Usage at arrange 用法见arrange. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (into sth) form (workers) into a trade union, etc 组织（工人）成立工会等: * organize the work force 把工人组织起来 * organize peasant farmers into a co-operative 把农民组织起来成立合作社. 派生： organized, -ised adj 1 ordered; orderly; efficient 有组织的; 有秩序的; 效率高的: a highly organized person 很有条理的人 * a well-organized office 工作效率高的办事处. 2 arranged or prepared 有组织的; 安排的; 有准备的: a badly organized event 组织得不好的事情 * organized crime 有组织的犯罪活动. 3 (of workers) in a trade union （指工人）在工会的: organized labour 工会工人. organizer, -iser n person who organizes sth 组织者: The organizer of the event, function, party, etc 事件、 宴会、 聚会等的组织者.

orgasm
[5C:gAzEm; 5CrgAzEm] n climax of sexual excitement 性高潮: * failure to achieve (an) orgasm 未达到性高潮.

orgiastic
[7C:dVi'Astik; 7CrdVi'Astik] adj (fml 文) of or like an orgy; frenzied 狂欢的; 纵欲的; 狂乱的: * orgiastic revels 狂欢活动.

orgy
[5C:dVi; 5CrdVi] n 1 (often derog 常作贬义) wild party, usu with a lot of drinking and/or sexual activity 狂欢（通常伴有纵酒、 淫乐的行为）: * a drunken orgy 纵酒狂欢. 2 ~(of sth) (infml 口) great indulgence in one or more activity 放纵: * an orgy of killing and destruction 大肆杀戮和破坏 * an orgy of spending before Christmas 圣诞节前的大笔花费.

oriel
[5C:riEl; 5CriEl] n (also ,oriel `window) window projecting from the upper storey of a house, etc 凸肚窗.

orient
1[5C:riEnt; 5Cri7Ent] n the Orient [sing] (fml or rhet 文或修辞) countries of the (Far) East (eg Japan, China) 东方国家（如日本、 中国）: * perfumes and spices from the Orient 东方的香水和香料. Cf 参看 Occident.

oriental
[7C:ri5entl; 7Cri5entl] adj of or from the Orient 东方国家的; 来自东方国家的: * oriental art 东方艺术 * a department of oriental studies 东方问题研究部. 派生： Oriental n (sometimes offensive 有时作轻蔑语) person from the Orient, esp Japan or China 东方人; （尤指）日本人, 中国人. orientalist[-tElist; -tlist] n person who studies the language, arts, etc of oriental countries 研究东方国家语言、 艺术等的人; 东方学学者.

orientate
[5C:riEnteit; 5Crien7tet] (also esp US orient/ 5R:rIent; `RrI9Znt/) v 1 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (towards sb/sth) (a) direct the interest of sb (to sth) 对某人的兴趣（朝向某事物）进行引导: * Try to orientate your students towards the science subjects. 把学生的兴趣尽力引导到理科方面. * Our firm is orientated towards the export side of the business. 我公司业务已转向出口方面. (b) direct or aim sth (at sb); specially design sth (for sb) 使某物朝向或瞄准（某人）; （为某人）专门设计某物: * The course was orientated towards foreign students. 该课程是专为外国学生开的. 2 [Tn] ~ oneself (a) find out how one stands in relation to points of the compass, one's surroundings, etc 确定自己的方位: * The mountaineers found it difficult to orientate themselves in the fog. 登山的人在浓雾中难以确定自己的方位. (b) make oneself familiar with (a new situation) 使自己熟悉（新情况）: * It took him some time to orientate himself in his new school. 他花了一些时间才了解了新学校的情况. 派生： orientation[7C:riEn'teiFn; 7Crien'teFEn] n [U] activity of orientating oneself; state of being orientated 熟悉情况; 认识环境; 确定方位: * the orientation of new employees 新雇员对环境的了解. -orientated (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) directed towards 朝某方向的: a `sports-orientated course 以体育为宗旨的课程.

orienteering
[7C:riEn'tiEriN; 7CriEn'tiriN] n [U] sport of finding one's way across country on foot using a map and compass 越野识途比赛（靠地图和罗盘徒步寻找目的地）: * He has taken up orienteering. 他参加过越野识途赛.

orifice
[5Crifis; 5arEfis] n (fml 文) outer opening in the body, etc （身体等的）外孔, 外口: * the nasal orifices, ie nostrils 鼻孔 * at the dark orifice of the cave 在黑暗的洞口.

origin
[5CridVin; 5arEdVin] n 1 [C, U] starting-point; source 起点; 开端; 来源: * the origins of life on earth 地球上生命的起源 * words of Latin origin 拉丁语源的词 * The origins of the custom are unknown. 该风俗起源不详. 2 [C esp pl 尤作复数] person's parentage, background, etc 血统; 背景; 出身: * He never forgot his humble origins. 他从未忘记过自己出身卑微.

original
[E'ridVEnl; E'ridVEnl] adj 1 [attrib 作定语] existing from the beginning; first or earliest 原始的; 最初的; 原先的; 最早的: * The Indians were the original inhabitants of North America. 印第安人是北美最早的居民. * I prefer your original plan to this one. 我认为你原来的计画比这个好. 2 (usu approv 通常作褒义) (a) newly created or formed; fresh 新创的; 新颖的; 创新的: * an original idea 创见 * His designs are highly original.他的设计独树一帜. (b) able to produce new ideas; creative 有创见的; 创造性的: * an original thinker, writer, painter, etc 有创见的思想家、 作家、 画家等 * an original mind 有创造力的头脑. 3 painted, written, etc by the artist; not copied 创作的; 非抄袭的; 非模仿的: * The original manuscript has been lost; this is a copy. 原稿已失, 这是副本. 派生： original n 1 the original [C] the earliest form of sth (from which copies can be made) 原作; 原稿; 原型; 原物: This painting is a copy; the original is in Madrid. 这幅画是复制品, 原作在马德里. * This is a translation; the original is in French. 这是译文, 原文是法文的. 2 the original [sing] language in which sth was first written 原文（最初写作时所用的文字）: read Homer in the original, ie in ancient Greek 读荷马的（古希腊文）原作. 3 (infml esp joc 口, 尤作戏谑语) person who thinks, behaves, dresses, etc unusually; eccentric person （思考、 行为、 衣着等）与众不同的人, 古怪的人: Her Aunt Effie is certainly an original. 她的姨妈埃菲真是个怪人. originality/E7ridVE'nAlEti; E7ridVE'nAlEti] n [U] state or quality of being original(2) 创新; 独创性; 创造力; 独特: * Her designs have great originality. 她的设计十分新颖. * The work lacks originality, ie is copied or imitated. 那作品缺乏创造性. originally[-nEli; -nli] adv 1 in an original(2) way 独创地; 独特地:

original1
* speak, think, write, etc originally 说得、 想得、 写得...富有创见. 2 from or in the beginning 最初; 起先; 本来: * The school was originally quite small. 这所学校原先很小. 复合： o,riginal `sin (religion 宗) (in Christianity) conditionof wickedness thought to be present in everybody since Adam and Eve first sinned in the garden of Eden （基督教义中的）原罪（人与生俱来的罪, 始於亚当夏娃在伊甸园中犯的罪）.

originate
[E'ridVineit; E'ridVE7net] v (fml 文) 1 [Ipr] ~ in sth; ~ from/with sb have sth/sb as a cause or beginning 始自某事物[某人]; 起因; 发端: * The quarrel originated in rivalry between the two families. 这次争吵是两家不和引起的. * The style of architecture originated from/with the ancient Greeks. 这种建 风格起源於古希腊. 2 [Tn] be the creator or author of (sth) 创作, 发明（某事物）: * originate a new style of dancing 创作一种新的舞步 * Who originated the concept of stereo sound? 立体声是谁设想出来的? 派生： originator n person who originates sth 创始者; 创作者; 发明人.

oriole
[5C:riEul; 5Cri7ol] n 1 (also ,golden `oriole) type of European bird with black and yellow feathers 黄鹂. 2 similar type of N American bird of which the male has black and yellow feathers （北美）金莺.

ormolu
[5C:mElu:; 5CrmE7lu] n [U, C] (article made of or decorated with) gilded bronze or a gold-coloured alloy of copper, zinc and tin 金色铜（铜、 锌、 锡的合金）; 金色铜物件: * [attrib 作定语] an ormolu clock 金色铜的时钟.

ornament
[5C:nEmEnt; 5CrnEmEnt] n 1 [U] (fml 文) decoration; adornment 装饰; 点缀: * The palace was rich in ornament. 宫廷装饰琳琅满目. * The clock is simply for ornament, it doesn't actually work. 那时钟纯粹是为了装饰, 其实不能走. 2 [C] thing designed to add beauty to sth, but usu without practical use 装饰物; 点缀品; 摆设: * a shelf crowded with ornaments, ie vases, pieces of china, etc 摆满装饰物的架子（花瓶、 瓷器等） * I've just dropped one of your china ornaments. 我刚才把你的一件瓷器的摆设给弄掉了. 3 (dated fml 旧, 文) person, act, quality, etc that adds beauty, charm, etc 增添美感、 魅力等的人、 行为、 品质等: * He is an ornament to his profession. 他为同业增了光. 派生： ornament[5C:nEment; 5CrnE7ment] [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: * Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) add ornament to sth; decorate sth 装饰、 点缀或美化某物:a dress ornamented with lace 带花边的连衣裙 * a Christmas tree ornamented with tinsel 饰有金银箔的圣诞树. ornamental[7C:nE'mentl; 7CrnE'mentl] adj of or for ornament 装饰的; 为装饰的: * Ornamental copper pans hung on the wall. 墙上挂着装饰性的铜盘. ornamentation[7C:nEmen'teiFn; 7CrnEmen'teFEn] n [U] that which ornaments; decoration 装饰物; 装饰: * a church with no ornamentation 没有装饰的教堂.

ornate
[C:'neit; Cr'net] adj (often derog 常作贬义) (a) richly decorated 装饰华丽的: * ornate carvings in a church 教堂中华丽的雕刻饰物 * That style of architecture is too ornate for my taste. 那种建 风格太华丽了, 不对我的口味. (b) (of prose, verse, etc) using complicated language and figures of speech; not simple in style or vocabulary （指散文、 韵文等）词藻华丽的, 词句繁复的: * ornate descriptions 堆砌词藻的描述 * an ornate style 雕章琢句的风格. > ornately adv. ornateness n [U].

ornithology
[7C:ni'WClEdVi; 7CrnE'WalEdVi] n [U] scientific study of birds 鸟类学. 派生： ornithological[7C:niWE'lCdVikl; 7CrniWE'ladVikl] adj [esp attrib 尤作定语]: * an ornithological survey 鸟类考察. ornithologist[7C:ni'WClEdVist; 7Crni'WalEdVist] n expert in ornithology 鸟类学家.

orotund
[5CrEutQnd; 5arE7tQnd] adj (fml sometimes joc 文, 有时作戏谑语) 1 (of the voice) dignified; grand （指嗓音）洪亮的, 高亢的: * the orotund tones of the priest 牧师朗朗的语调. 2 boastful; pompous 夸张的; 夸大的; 浮夸的.

orphan
[5C:fn; 5CrfEn] n person (esp a child) whose parents are dead 父母双亡的人; （尤指）孤儿: * He has been an orphan since he was five. 他五岁时即沦为孤儿. * [attrib 作定语] an orphan nephew 双亲亡故的侄儿. 派生： orphan v [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] make (a child) an orphan 使（儿童）沦为孤儿: She was orphaned in the war. 她在战争中沦为孤儿. orphanage[5C:fEnidV; 5CrfEnidV] n home for children who are orphans 孤儿院.

orris
root

orth(o)-
comb form 构词成分 correct; standard 正确; 正统; 标准: orthography * orthopaedic.

orthodontics
[7C:WE'dCntiks; 7CrWE'dantiks] n [sing v] (medical 医) (branch of dentistry that deals with) preventing and correcting irregularities in the position of the teeth and jaws 正牙（学）. 派生： orthodontic adj of orthodontics 正牙（学）的: orthodontic surgery 正牙外科. orthodontist[-'dCntist; -'dantist] n specialist in orthodontics 正牙医师; 正牙学家.

orthodox
[5C:WEdCks; 5CrWE7daks] adj 1 (having beliefs, opinions, etc that are) generally accepted or approved 持普遍赞同的信仰、 见解等的; 规范的; 公认的; 普遍赞同的: * orthodox behaviour 合乎传统的行为 * Her ideas are very orthodox. 她的思想非常合乎规范. Cf 参看 heterodox, unorthodox. 2 (esp religion 尤用於宗教) following the older, more traditional, practices strictly 正统的; 传统的; 循规蹈矩的: * orthodox Jews 正统的犹太教徒. 派生： orthodoxy[5C:WEdCksi; 5CrWE7daksi] n 1 [U] state of being orthodox or holding orthodox beliefs 规范性; 正统性; 持传统信仰. 2 [C esp pl 尤作复数] (fml 文) orthodox belief, character, practice, etc 正统; 正统的信仰、 特性、 做法等: * a firm supporter of Catholic orthodoxies 坚决拥护天主教正统观念的人. 复合： the `Orthodox Church (also The Eastern `Orthodox Church) branch of the Christian church, found esp in eastern Europe and Greece, which recognizes the Patriarch of Constantinople (ie Istanbul) as its head bishop 正教; 正教会; 东正教会.

orthography
[C:'WCgrEfi; Cr'WagrEfi] n [U] (fml 文) 1 (study or system of) spelling 正字; 正字法; 拼字法: * Indictionaries, words are listed according to their orthography.在词典中, 词是按照字母拼写顺序排列的. 2 correct or conventional spelling 正确的或传统的拼写形式. > orthographic (also orthographical)[7C:WE'grAfik, -fikl; 7CrWE'grAfik, -fikl] adj. orthographically[-kEli; -kEli] adv.

orthopaedics
(also orthopedics)[7C:WE'pi:diks;7CrWE'pidiks] n [sing v] (medical 医) (branch of surgery that deals with) correction of bone deformities and diseases 矫形（外科学）: * [attrib 作定语] the orthopaedics department in the hospital 医院中的矫形外科. 派生： orthopaedic (also orthopedic)[7C:WE'pi:dik;7CrWE'pidik] adj of or concerning orthopaedics 矫形的: * orthopaedic surgery on his spine 为他的脊椎骨做的矫形外科手术. orthopaedist (also orthopedist)[-'pi:dist; -'pidist] n specialist in orthopaedics 矫形外科医生.

ortolan
[5C:tElEn; 5CrtElEn] n [U, C] (meat of a) small wild European bird eaten as a delicacy 圃巫稧（欧洲产）; 圃巫稧肉（可食）.

oryx
[5Criks; - 'C:r-; 5Criks] n large African antelope with long straight horns （非洲）大羚羊.

OS
[7Eu 'es; 7o 'es] abbr 缩写 = 1 ordinary seaman. 2 (Brit) Ordnance Survey: * an OS map 英国全国地形测量局绘制的地图. 3 (esp on clothing, etc) outsize （尤指衣物等上之标志）超大号.

Oscar
[5CskE(r); 5Cskl] n (statuette presented as an) annual award in the US for excellence in cinema directing, acting, composing, etc 奥斯卡金像（奖）（在美国为优秀电影导演、 演员、 编剧等颁发的年奖）: * be nominated for/win an Oscar 被提名候选[获得]奥斯卡金像奖 * He received an Oscar for his performance. 他获得奥斯卡金像奖. * This film is the winner of four Oscars. 这部影片获得四项奥斯卡金像奖. Cf 参看 Academy Award (academy).

oscillate
[5Csileit; 5asl7et] v 1 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) move repeatedly and regularly from one position to another and back again （使某物）摆动: * A pendulum oscillates. 摆锤能摆动. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (between sth and sth) (fml fig 文, 比喻) keep moving backwards and forwards between extremes of feeling, behaviour, opinion, etc; waver （感情、 行为、 想法等）波动, 动摇, 犹豫: * He oscillates between political extremes. 他的政治观点在两个极端之间摇摆不定. * Manic depressives oscillate between depression and elation. 躁狂抑郁症患者抑郁与躁狂交替发作. Cf 参看 vacillate. 3 [I] (physics 物) (of electrical current, radio waves, etc) change in strength or direction at regular intervals （指电流、 无线电波等）振荡, 振动. 派生： oscillation[7Csi'leiFn; 7asl'eFEn] n (fml 文) 1 [U] action of oscillating or being oscillated 摆动; 动摇; 振荡: * the oscillation of the compass needle 罗盘指针的摆动 * the oscillation of radio waves 无线电波的振荡. 2 [C] single swing or movement of a thing or person that is oscillating （物或人的）一次摆动, 动摇: * Her oscillations in mood are maddening. 她喜怒无常能把人气疯. oscillator[-tE(r); -tl] n (physics 物) instrument for producing electrical oscillations 振荡器.

oscillograph
[E'silEgra:f; - -grAf; E'silE7grAf] n(physics 物) instrument for recording electrical oscillations示波器; 示波仪.

oscilloscope
[E'silEskEup; E'silE7skop] n (physics 物) instrument that shows variations in electrical current as a wavy line on the screen of a cathode ray tube 示波管; 示波器.

osier
[5EuziE(r); - 'EuVEr; 5oVl] n type of willow tree, the twigs of which are used to make baskets 杞柳（柳条可编筐篮）: * [attrib 作定语] an osier basket 柳条筐.

osmosis
[Cz'mEusis; az'mosis] n [U] 1 (biology or chemistry 生或化) gradual passing of a liquid through a porous partition 渗透: * Blood can be cleaned by osmosis if the kidneys have failed. 若肾功能衰退, 可通过渗透作用使血液净化. 2 gradual, and often hardly noticeable,acceptance of ideas, etc （思想、 观念等）潜移默化: * Childrenseem to learn about computers by osmosis. 儿童似乎不知不觉地就了解了计算机. > osmotic/Cz'mCtik; az'matik] adj.

osprey
[5Csprei; 5aspri] n (type of) large fish-eating bird with a dark back and whitish head 鹗.

osseous
[5CsiEs; 5asiEs] adj (fml 文) of bone; having bones; bony 骨的; 有骨的; 多骨的.

ossify
[5Csifai; 5asE7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) [I, Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (fml 文) 1 (cause sth to) become hard like bone; change into bone （使某物）骨化; 变成骨. 2 (fml derog 文, 贬) (cause sth to) become rigid and unable to change （使某事物）僵化, 不能更动: * Beliefs have ossified into rigid dogma. 信仰已僵化为不可更动的教条. 派生： ossification[7Csifi'keiFn; 7asEfE'keFEn] n [U] (fml 文) process or action of ossifying 骨化; 僵化: * the ossification of traditional practices 习俗的僵化.

oste(o)-
comb form 构词成分 of or concerning bone or the bones 骨的: osteopath * osteo-arthritis.

ostensible
[C'stensEbl; as'tensEbl] adj [attrib 作定语] stated (as a reason, etc) though perhaps not true; apparent 声称（为理由等）的; 表面的: * The ostensible reason for his absence was illness, but everyone knew he'd gone to a football match. 他称病缺席, 但谁都知道他去看足球赛了. > ostensibly[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv: * Ostensibly he was on a business trip, but he spent most of the time on the beach. 表面上他是因公外出, 实际上大部分的时间都是在海滨.

ostentation
[7Csten'teiFn; 7asten'teFEn] n [U] (derog 贬) exaggerated display (of wealth, knowledge, skill, etc) intended to impress people or make them envious （对财富、 知识、 技巧等的）夸耀, 炫示, 夸示, 卖弄: * the vulgar ostentation of the newly rich 暴发户庸俗的摆阔 * Their daughter's wedding reception was sheer ostentation. 他们女儿大办婚事纯然是为了炫耀.

ostentatious
[7Csten'teiFEs; 7asten'teFEs] adj (derog 贬) showing or liking ostentation 夸耀的; 炫示的;夸示的; 卖弄的: * ostentatious jewellery 招眼的珠宝 * dress in a very ostentatious manner 穿着非常显眼. > ostentatiously adv: * ostentatiously dressed 衣着引人注目.

osteo
arthritis

osteopathy
[7Csti'CpEWi; 7asti'apEWi] n [U] (medical 医) treatment of certain diseases by manipulation of the bones and muscles 按骨术; 整骨术. 派生： osteopath[5CstiEpAW; 5astiE7pAW] n person who practices osteopathy 按骨医士; 整骨医士: * An osteopath has been treating her injured back. 整骨医士正给她治疗受伤的背部.

ostler
[5CslE(r); 5asll] n (formerly) man looking after horses at an inn; stableman （旧时）客栈的马夫.

ostracize, ostracise
[5CstrEsaiz; 5astrE7saiz] v [Tn] (fml 文) exclude (sb) from a group, club, etc; refuse to meet, talk to, etc 将（某人）排除出某团体、 俱乐部等; 拒绝会晤、 交谈等: * He was ostracized by his colleagues for refusing to support the strike. 他因不支持罢工而受同事排斥. 派生： ostracism[-sizEm; -7sizEm] n [U] (fml 文) action of ostracizing; state of being ostracized （对人的）排除, 排斥, 不理睬: * suffer ostracism 受排斥.

ostrich
[5CstritF; 5CstritF] n 1 very large African bird with a long neck, unable to fly, but fast-running 鸵鸟: * [attrib 作定语] Her dress was trimmed with ostrich feathers. 她的衣边饰有鸵鸟的羽毛. * an ostrich-egg 鸵鸟蛋. 2 (infml fig 口, 比喻) person who refuses to face unpleasant realities 不正视不利现实的人: * He's such an ostrich he doesn't want to know about his wife's love affairs. 他真是自己骗自己--对妻子有外遇不闻不问.

OT
abbr 缩写 = Old Testament. Cf 参看 NT 2.

other
[5QTE(r); 5QTl] indef det 1 (person or thing) additional to that or those previously mentioned or implied 其他的, 另外的, 别的（人或事物）: * Mr Smith and Mrs Jones and three other teachers were there. 史密斯先生和琼斯太太以及另外叁位老师都在那儿. * Other people may disagree but I feel the whole thing has gone far enough. 尽管别人不同意, 但我觉得整个事情已经够可以的了. * She's engaged to Peter but she often goes out with other men. 她已经和彼得订了婚, 但她还常跟其他男子约会. * Did you see any other films? 你看过别的电影吗? * Not now, some other time (ie at an unspecified time in the future), perhaps. 现在不行, 改天再说吧. Cf 参看 another. 2 (used after the, my, your, his, etc with a singular n 用於the、 my、 your、 his等之後与一单数名词连用) the second of two （两个中的）另一个: * Hold the bottle and pull the cork out with the other hand. 握住瓶子, 用另一只手拔瓶塞. * Those trousers are dirty you'd better wear your other pair. 这条裤子脏了--你最好穿另一条. * You may continue on the other side of the paper. 可在纸的背面接着写. 3 (used after the or a possessive with a plural n 用於the或物主代词之後与一复数名词连用) the remaining (people or things) in a group 其馀的, 剩下的（人或事物）: * The other students in my class are from Italy. 我班其馀同学都是意大利人.* Mary is older than me but my other sisters are younger. 玛丽比我大, 其馀都是我的妹妹. * I haven't read `Cymbeline' but I've read all the other plays by Shakespeare/all Shakespeare's other plays. 莎士比亚的剧作除了《辛白林》, 别的我都读过了. 4 (idm 习语) every other => every. none other than => none. one after the other => one1. the other `day, `morning, `week, `month, etc recently 不久前的一天、 一个上午、 一个星期、 一个月等: * I saw him in town the other day. 我最近有一天在伦敦见过他. somebody/something/somewhere or other => or. this, that and the other => this.

other1
派生： other adj [attrib 作定语] ~...than... (fml 文) different (people, things, etc) from... （人、 物等）不同於...: You will have time to visit other places than those on the itinerary. 你能有时间参观计画行程之外的一些地方. * Other women than Sally would have said nothing. 除了萨莉, 别的女子就都什麽也不说了. others pron 1 people or things that are additional to or different from those already mentioned or implied 其他的、 另外的或别的人或事物: Some people came by car, others came on foot. 有些人是坐汽车来的, 其他人是走着来的. * These shoes don't fit haven't you got any others? 这双鞋不合脚--还有别的鞋吗? * We must help others less fortunate than ourselves. 我们要帮助那些不那麽幸运的人. 2 (used after the or a possess det 用於the或一表示所属关系的限定词之後) the remaining persons or things in a group 其馀的或剩下的人或事物: I went swimming while the others played tennis. 我去游泳, 其馀的人都打网球去了. * I can't do the fourth and fifth questions but I've done all the others. 第四题和第五题我不会, 但是剩下的我都答了. * She was the only person who replied to the invitation none of the others bothered. 她是唯一对邀请做了回应的人--其馀的人谁也没理会. 复合： other than prep (esp after a negative 尤用於否定词之後) 1 except 除了（表示所说的不包括在内）: He never speaks to me other than to ask for something. 他除了向我要东西, 从不跟我说话. * She has no close friends other than him. 她除了他以外没有好朋友. 2 different(ly) from; not 不同於; 而不: I have never known him behave other than selfishly. 我只知道他一向自私自利. * She seldom appears other than happy. 她很少有不高兴的时候. other-worldly[7QTE'wE:ldli; 5QTl'wEldli] adj concerned with or thinking about spiritual (rather than mundane) matters 专心於心灵问题的; 超脱世俗的.

otherwise
[5QTEwaiz; 5QTl7waiz] adv 1 (fml 文) in another or a different way 用别的方法; 不同地: * You obviously think otherwise. 显然你的想法不同. * He should have been working, but he was otherwise engaged, ie doing something else. 他应该在工作, 可他却干别的事. 2 in other or different respects; apart from that 在其他方面; 除此以外: * The rent is high, (but) otherwise the house is fine. 租金贵是贵, （但）房子倒很好. 派生： otherwise conj if conditions were different; if not 不然; 否则: Put the cap back on the bottle, otherwise the juice will spill. 把瓶盖儿盖好, 要不汁液就 出来了. * We must run, otherwise we'll be too late. 我们得跑着去, 要不就太晚了. * Do as you're told, otherwise you'll be in trouble. 叫你怎麽做就怎麽做, 否则有麻烦. otherwise adj [pred 作表语] in a different state; not as supposed 不这样; 并非如此: The truth is quite otherwise. 实情大有出入.

otiose
[5EutiEus; - 'EuFiEus; 5oFi7os] adj (fml 文) (of language, ideas, etc) serving no useful purpose; unnecessary （指语言、 想法等）无用的, 多馀的: * long, otiose passages of description 冗长而多馀的描写段落.

otter
[5CtE(r); 5atl] n (a) [C] small fish-eating river animal with four webbed feet, a flat tail and thick brown fur 水獭. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page iii. (b) [U] its fur 水獭毛皮: * [attrib 作定语] a jacket made of otter skins 水獭皮甲克.

ottoman
[5CtEmEn; 5atEmEn] n long cushioned seat without a back or arms, often used as a box for storing things (eg sheets and blankets) （有垫的）长凳（常兼作放床单、 毯子之物的箱子）.

OU
[7Eu 'ju:; 7o 'ju] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Open University 开放大学: * an OU degree in maths 开放大学数学学位.

oubliette
[7u:bli'et; 7ubli'et] n (esp formerly) secret dungeon or underground prison with an entrance only by a trapdoor in the roof （尤指旧时）地下密牢（出入口在顶部）.

ouch
[autF; autF] interj (expressing sudden pain 表示突然疼痛): * Ouch! That hurts! 哎哟! 疼!

ought to
[ 5R:t tE; `Rt tE before vowels and finally 於元音前及末尾处读作 5R:t tu:; `Rt tu] modal v (neg 否定式 ought not to; contracted form 缩约式 oughtn't to/ 5R:tnt; `Rtnt/) 1 (a) (indicating obligation 表示责任或义务): * We ought to start at once. 我们应当马上动身. * You ought to say you're sorry. 你应该说声对不起. * Such things ought not to be allowed. 这类事不该容许. * They oughtn't to let their dog run on the road. 他们不该把狗放出来满街跑. * `Ought I to write to say thank you?’ `Yes, I think you ought (to).’ ‘我应该写封感谢信吗?’‘对, 我看应该写.’ * She ought to have been more careful. 她本该小心些. =>Usage 1 at must 见must所附用法第1项. (b) (indicating advice or recommendation 表示劝告或推荐): * You ought to improve your English before going to work in America. 你应该把英语学好些再去美国工作. * There ought to be more buses during the rush hour. 高峰期间应该多开几趟公共汽车. * You ought to see her new film. 你应当看看她新拍的电影. * She ought to have been a teacher, ie She would probably have been a good one. 她本该当教师（很可能是个好教师）. =>Usage 2 at must 见must所附用法第2项. 2 (drawing a tentative conclusion 作推测性的结论): * If he started at nine, he ought to be here by now. 要是他九点出发, 现在该到这儿了. * That ought to be enough food for all of us. 那些该够我们大家吃的了. * Look at the sky it ought to be a fine afternoon. 看看天--下午一定很晴朗. =>Usage 3 at must 见must所附用法第3项.

Ouija
[5wi:dVE; 5widVE] (also `Ouija-board) n (propr 专利名) board marked with letters of the alphabet and other signs, used in seances to receive messages said to come from the dead 灵应牌（上有字母等符号, 用於降神会中接收亡魂传来的信息）.

ounce
[auns; auns] n 1 [C] (abbr 缩写 oz) unit of weight, one sixteenth of a pound, equal to 28.35 grams 盎司（-our /// /a:(r), 'auE(r); ar, aur] possess det 1 of or belonging to us 我们的: * Our youngest child is six. 我们最小的孩子六岁. * Our main export is rice. 我们主要的出口货是大米. * Has anybody seen our two dogs? 谁看见我们家那两只狗了吗? * They want us to show some of our colour slides. 他们想看看我们的彩色幻灯片. 2 Our (used to refer to or address God, etc 用以直接或间接称呼上帝等): * Our Father, ie God 天父（上帝） * Our Lady, ie the Virgin Mary 圣母马利亚. 派生： ours/a:z, 'auEz; arz, aurz] possess pron of or belonging to us 我们的: * Their house is similar to ours, but ours has a bigger garden. 他们的房子和我们的差不多, 只是我们的花园大些. * Your photos are lovely do you want to see some of ours? 你们的照片很漂亮--想看看我们的吗?

ourselves
[a:'selvz, auE'selvz; ar'selvz, aur'selvz] reflex, emph pron 反身、 强调代词 (only taking the main stress in sentences when used emphatically 只在强调时重读) 1 (reflex 反身) (used when I and another or others, or I and you, cause and are affected by an action 用於复数第一人称施动而自身受该行动触及时): * We try and ,keep ourselves in`formed about current trends. 我们设法随时了解形势的发展. * Let's `sign our`selves `Your affectionate students'. 咱们签上‘爱戴您的学生’吧. * We'd like to see it for ourselves. 我们想亲眼看看. 2 (emph 强调) (used to emphasize we or us 用以强调we或us): * We've often thought of going there our`selves. 我们常想亲自到那里去. 3 (idm 习语) by our`selves (a) alone 我们单独地. (b) without help 靠我们自己; 我们独自地.

oust
[aust; aust] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from sth) (fml 文) remove sb (from a position, job, etc) sometimes in order to take his place 免某人（职）; 罢黜; 剥夺; 取代: * oust a rival from office 把竞争者从其职位上挤走 * He was ousted from his position as chairman. 他的主席职位被罢免了.

out
patient

out1
* Out with it! ie Say what you know. 说出来呀! 5 (used with superlative adjs 与形容词的最高级连用) in existence; among known examples 存在着; 在已知者中: * It's the best game out. 这是上策. 6 not in power, in office or in a position 无权力; 不在其位: * The Labour party went out in 1980. 工党於1980年下野. Cf 参看 in1 10. 7 not fashionable 不再流行; 不时兴: * Flared trousers are out this year. 今年喇叭裤不时兴了. Cf 参看 in1 8. 8 unconscious 失去知觉; 无知觉: * He's been out (cold) for ten minutes. 他昏迷已有十分钟. 9 (of a tide) away from the shore; low （指潮汐）落潮, 退潮: * We couldn't swim the tide was too far out. 我们不能游泳了--潮水退得太远了. Cf 参看 in1 6. 10 on strike 在罢工中: * The dockers in Liverpool are out. 利物浦的码头工人罢工了. 11 (infml 口) not possible or desirable 不可能; 不可取: * Swimming in the sea is out until the weather gets warmer. 在海里游泳还不是时候, 等天暖些再游. 12 (of fire, lights, burning materials, etc) extinguished; not burning （指火、 灯、 燃烧物等）熄灭: * The fire, gas, candle, etc is out. 火、 煤气、 蜡烛等熄灭了. * The fire has gone/burnt out. 火灭了. (Cf 参看 The fire is still in. ) * All the lights were out in the streets. 街上的灯光都熄灭了. * Put that cigarette out! 把香烟熄灭! * The wind blew the candles out. 风把蜡烛吹灭了. 13 to the end; completely 到尽头; 到底; 全部; 彻底: * hear sb out 听某人说完 * work out a problem 解决一难题 * Supplies are running out, ie becoming low. 供应品快用完了. * fight it out, ie settle a dispute by fighting 武力解决争端 * I'm tired out, ie exhausted. 我筋疲力尽了. * before the week is out, ie finished 不出这一星期. 14 clearly and loudly; without hesitation 清晰而响亮地; 毫不犹豫地: * call/cry/shout out 大声叫[嚷/喊]

out2
* the need to speak out about sth 就某事物大胆发表意见的必要 * say sth out loud 大声说某事 * tell sb sth right/straight out 直截了当告诉某人某事物. 15 (indicating a mistake) more or less than the correct amount （表示误差）有差错, 或多或少: * be out in one's calculations, reckoning, etc 自己的计算、 估计等稍有误差 * We're ten pounds out in our accounts. 我们的帐算错了十镑. * Your guess was a long way out, ie completely wrong. 你猜得差得太远了. * My watch is five minutes out, ie showing a time five minutes earlier or later than the correct time. 我的手表差了五分钟. 16 (sport 体) (a) (in cricket, baseball, etc) no longer batting, having been dismissed （板球、 棒球等中）出局, 退场: * The captain was out for three, ie after having made only 3 runs in cricket. 队长仅跑垒叁次後出局. * Kent were all out for 137. 肯特队共得137分. (b) (in tennis, badminton, etc) (of a ball, etc) having landed outside the line （网球、 羽毛球等）（指球）出界, 界外: * He lost the point because the ball was out. 他丢了那分是因为球出界了. Cf 参看 in1 10. 17 (idm 习语) all out => all. be out for sth be trying to get or eager to obtain sth 企求; 力图获得某事物: * I'm not out for compliments. 我并不是想要得到称赞. * He's out for your blood, ie seeking to attack you. 他要打你. be out to do sth be trying, aiming or hoping to do sth 力求、 旨在或希望做某事物: * I'm not out to change the world. 我并不想要改革世界. * The company is out to capture the Canadian market. 该公司希望占据加拿大市场. ,out and a`bout able to get up, go outdoors, etc after being in bed through illness, injury, etc （病、 伤等卧床後）能下床, 能到户外: * It's good to see old Mr Jenkins out and about again. 看见詹金斯老先生又能起床出来走动了, 可真高兴. ,out and a`way (with superlatives 与形容词的最高级连用) by far 远远地:

out3
* She was out and away the most intelligent student in the class. 她是班上最最聪明的学生. 派生： out n 1 (US) (in baseball) act, fact or instance of being out(16a) （棒球中）出局. 2 (idm 习语) the ins and outs => in3. 复合： ,out-and-`out adj [attrib 作定语] thorough; complete彻底的; 完全的: an ,out-and-out `crook, pro`fessional 十足的无赖、 内行人. `out-tray n tray for holding letters, etc that have been dealt with and are ready to be dispatched 发文盘.

outback
[5autbAk; 5autbAk] n [sing] (esp in Australia) remote inland area where few people live （尤指澳大利亚的）内地: * lost in the outback 在内地迷失.

outbid
[7aut'bid; aut'bid] v (-dd-; pt, pp outbid) offer more money than (another person at an auction, etc); bid higher than 出价高於（拍卖场的另一人）: * She outbid me for the vase. 那个花瓶她出价比我高.

outboard motor
[7autbC:d 'mEutE(r); 7autbCrd 'motl] removable engine that is attached to the outside of the back (stern) of a boat （装在船尾外可拆卸的）船外发动机. =>illus at dinghy 见dinghy插图.

outbreak
[5autbreik; 5aut7brek] n sudden appearance or start (esp of disease or violence) 爆发, 突然发生, 发作（尤指疾病或暴力行为）: * an outbreak of typhoid, hostilities, rioting 伤寒的发作、 战争的爆发、 暴乱的发生.

outbuilding
[5autbildiN; 5aut7bildiN] n building, eg a shed or stable, separate from the main building （与主建 物分开的）附属建 物（如棚或厩）: * a large farmhouse with useful outbuildings 带有实用附属建 物的大型农舍. Cf 参看 outhouse.

outburst
[5autbE:st; 5aut7bEst] n (a) bursting out; explosion爆发; 爆炸: * an outburst of steam from the pressure-cooker 从压力锅中喷发出来的一股蒸汽. (b) sudden violent expression, esp of strong emotion 迸发, 发作（尤指感情的）: * an outburst of laughter, anger, etc 一阵大笑、 勃然大怒 * outbursts of vandalism 对公物的大破坏.

outcast
[5autka:st; - -kAst; 5aut7kAst] n, adj ~ (from...) (person) driven away from home, friends, society, etc; homeless and friendless (person) 被（家庭、 朋友、 社会等）抛弃的（人）; 既无家又无亲友的（人）: * be treated as an outcast 遭到被人赶出似的对待.

outcaste
[5autka:st; - -kAst; 5aut7kAst] n, adj (esp in India) (person) expelled from or not belonging to a fixed social class or caste （尤指印度的）被驱逐出或不属於某阶级或种姓的（人）, 贱民.

outclass
[7aut'kla:s; - -'klAs; aut'klAs] v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] be much better than (sb/sth); surpass 大大优於, 超过（某人[某事物]）: * I was outclassedfrom the start of the race. 比赛一开始我就大大落後. * In design and quality of manufacture they were outclassed by the Italians. 在产品设计和质量上, 意大利人大大超过了他们.

outcome
[5autkQm; 5aut7kQm] n (usu sing 通常作单数) effect or result (of an event, circumstances, etc) 结果; 效果: * What was the outcome of your meeting? 你们会晤的结果如何?

outcrop
[5autkrCp; 5aut7krap] n (geology 地质) part of a layer (of rock, etc) that can be seen above the surface of the ground （岩层等的）露头（露出地表的部分）.

outcry
[5autkrai; 5aut7krai] n (esp sing 尤作单数) ~ (about/against sth) strong public protest 公开的强烈抗议: * There was a public outcry about the building of a new airport. 公众强烈反对修建新机场.

outdated
[7aut'deitid; aut'detid] adj (made) out of date (by the passing of time); old-fashioned 过时的; 老式的: * ,outdated `clothing 老式衣物 * Her ideas on education are rather outdated now. 她的教育思想现在看来很陈腐.

outdistance
[aut'distEns; aut'distEns] v [Tn] move faster than (another person or animal) and leave him/it behind 超越（人或动物）; 将（人或动物）抛在後面: * The favourite soon outdistanced the other horses in the race.那匹热门马很快就跑到最前面去了. * His wife has outdistanced (ie has been promoted more often than) him in her career. 他的妻子在事业上比他进展快.

outdo
[7aut'du:; aut'du] v (3rd pers sing pres t -does[- 5dQz; -`dQz/, pt -did[-'did; -'did] , pp -done[-'dQn;-'dQn] ) [Tn] do more or better than (sb) 比（某人）做得多或做得好; 超过; 胜过: * determined to outdo her brother at work and games 决心在工作和体育活动中胜过她的哥哥 * Not to be outdone (ie Not wanting to let sb else do better) she tried again. 她很好强, 又试了一次.

outdoor
[5autdC:(r); 5aut7dCr] adj [attrib 作定语] 1 of, used in, done in or existing in the open air (ie outside a building or house) 户外的; 户外用的; 露天的: * outdoor activities 户外活动 * outdoor clothing 户外穿的衣服 * outdoor sports 户外运动. Cf 参看 indoor. 2 fond of activities done in the open air 喜欢户外活动的: * He's not really an outdoor type. 他算不上是喜爱户外活动的人.

outer
[5autE(r); 5autl] adj [attrib 作定语] (a) of or for the outside 外面的; 外部的; 为外边的: * the outer layer of wallpaper 壁纸的外层 * outer garments 外衣 * the outer walls of a house 房子的外墙. (b) farther from the inside or centre 远离内部或中心的: * the outer hall 外厅 * the outer suburbs of the city 城市的远郊. Cf 参看 inner. 派生： outermost[5autEmEust; 5autl7most] adj farthest from the inside or centre; most remote 最外面的; 远离中心的: * the outermost planet from the sun 离太阳最远的行星 * the outermost districts of the city 城市的偏远地区. 复合：,outer `space = space 5: journeys to outer space 太空旅行.

outface
[7aut'feis; aut'fes] v [Tn] make (sb) feel uncomfortable or embarrassed by staring at him boldly 将（某人）盯得局促不安: * outface one's opponent without flinching 直视对手而无惧色.

outfall
[5autfC:l; 5aut7fCl] n place where water falls or flows out (of a lake, river, etc); outlet （湖、 河等的）出水口.

outfield
[5autfi:ld; 5aut7fild] n 1 the outfield (in cricket and baseball) part of the field furthest from the batsmen or batter （板球和棒球的）外场, 外野. 2 [Gp] players in this part of the field as a group 外场手, 外野手（总称）: * [attrib 作定语] Their outfield play is weak. 他们的外场手截击力不强. Cf 参看 infield. 派生： outfielder n player in the outfield 外场手; 外野手.

outfight
[7aut'fait; aut'fait] v (pt, pp outfought[-'fC:t;-'fCt] ) [Tn] fight better than (an opponent) in battle or in a sports match （在战斗或比赛中）比（对手）出色;赛过; 胜过: * We were outmanoeuvred and outfought throughout the winter campaign. 我们在整个冬季战役中始终不如对手.

outfit
[5autfit; 5aut7fit] n 1 [C] all the equipment or articles needed for a particular purpose; kit 全套装备; 全套工具; 全部用品: * a complete car repair outfit 修理汽车用的整套工具. 2 [C] set of clothes worn together (esp for a particular occasion or purpose) 一套衣服（尤指用於某场合的）: * a white tennis outfit 一套白色网球装 * She bought a new outfit for her daughter's wedding. 她为女儿买了一套婚礼新装. 3 [CGp] (infml 口) group of people working together; organization （协同工作的）集体, 组织: * a small publishing outfit 小型出版单位. 派生： outfitter n supplier of equipment or of men's or children's clothes （设备、 男服或童服的）供应商, 商店: He bought a jacket at the gentleman's outfitters. 他在那间男服店买了一件甲克. * They are the official school outfitters. 他们是指定的校服供应商.

outflank
[7aut'flANk; aut'flANk] v [Tn] (fml 文) (a) pass round the side of (an enemy force) 包围（敌人）的侧翼: * an outflanking movement 侧翼包围的调动. (b) gain an advantage over (sb) esp by taking an unexpected action 胜过（某人）; （尤指）出奇制胜: * He was totally outflanked in the debate. 他在那场辩论中一败涂地.

outflow
[5autflEu; 5aut7flo] n [C usu sing 通常作单数] ~ (from sth) flowing out; amount that flows out 流出; 外流; 流出量: * a steady outflow from the tank 从箱中不断的流出 * an illegal outflow of currency 货币的非法外流.

outfox
[7aut'fCks; aut'faks] v [Tn] (infml 口) gain an advantage over (sb) by being more cunning; outwit 智胜（某人）; 比（某人）精明: * He always outfoxes his opponents at chess. 他下国际象棋总是胜人一筹.

outgoing
[5autgEuiN; 5aut7goiN] adj 1 [attrib 作定语] (a) going out; leaving 外出的; 离开的: * an outgoing ship, tide 离岸的船、 退落的潮水 * the outgoing tenant, ie the one who is leaving the house 即将迁出的房客. (b) leaving office, a political post, etc 将离任、 离职等的: * the outgoing government 即行交班的政府 * the outgoing president 将卸任的总统. 2 friendly and sociable 友好而好交际的; 外向的: * She's very outgoing. 她很外向. * an outgoing personality 外向的个性 * He's never been an outgoing type. 他可不是那种好交际的人.

outgrow
[7aut'grEu; aut'gro] v (pt outgrew[-'gru:;-'gru] , pp outgrown[-'grEun; -'gron] ) [Tn] 1 grow too big for (esp one's clothes) 长大而穿不下（尤指原有的衣服）. 2 grow faster or taller than (another person) 长得比（某人）快或高: * He's already outgrown his older brother. 他已长得比哥哥还高. 3 leave (sth) behind or grow weary of (sth) as one grows older; grow out of 年长而不再要（某事物）; 长大而厌倦（某事物）: * outgrow bad habits, childish interests, etc 年长而放弃坏习惯、 儿时的兴趣等 * He has outgrown his passion for pop music. 他已长大不再热衷於流行音乐了. 4 (idm 习语) outgrow one's `strength grow too quickly (during childhood) so that one easily becomes weak or ill （儿童时期）生长过快而体弱或易病.

outgrowth
[5autgrEuW; 5aut7groW] n (fml 文) 1 naturaldevelopment or result 自然的发展或结果: * The manufactureof this material is an outgrowth of the space industry. 这种材料的生产是航天工业发展的结果. 2 that which grows out of another thing （某物上的）生长物: * an outgrowth on a beech tree 山毛榉上的瘤 * an outgrowth of hair from the nostrils 鼻孔的毛.

outhouse
[5authaus; 5aut7haus] n 1 small building (eg a shed or stable) outside the main building （在主建 物外面的）附属建 物（如棚或厩）: * She did her washing in one of the outhouses. 她在户外的一间小屋里洗衣服. Cf 参看 outbuilding. 2 (US) outside lavatory (enclosed, but separate from the main building) 户外厕所.

outing
[5autiN; 5autiN] n short pleasure trip; excursion 短途旅行; 远足: * go on an outing 去远足 * an outing to the seaside 到海滨游玩 * the firm's annual outing to the theatre 公司一年一度的外出观剧活动.

outlandish
[aut'lAndiF; aut'lAndiF] adj (esp derog 尤作贬义) looking or sounding strange （样子或声音）怪异的, 奇特的: * outlandish clothes, behaviour 奇装异服、 怪异行为 * Her views on children are rather outlandish. 她对儿童的看法很奇怪. > outlandishly adv. outlandishness n [U].

outlast
[7aut'la:st; - -'lAst; aut'lAst] v [Tn] last or live longer than (sth/sb) 比（某物）耐久; 比（某人[某物]）命长: * This clock has outlasted several owners. 这座时钟的寿命比它的几个主人的寿命都长. * The political system will outlast most of us. 我们大多数人将看不到这一政治制度的消亡. Cf 参看 outlive.

outlaw
[5autlC:; 5aut7lC] n (esp formerly) person who has broken the law and is hiding to avoid being caught （尤指旧时）犯法後躲藏起来的人: * Bands of outlaws lived in the forest. 成群的歹徒犯法後栖身於树林中. 派生： outlaw v [Tn] 1 (formerly) make or declare (sb) an outlaw （旧时）使（某人）或宣布（某人）成为犯法後躲藏起来的人. 2 declare (sth) to be illegal 宣布（某事物）非法: outlaw certain addictive drugs 宣布某些致瘾药物为禁品.

outlay
[5autlei; 5aut7le] n ~ (on sth) (a) [U] spending, esp to help future developments in a business, etc 花费, 开支（尤指有助於公司等进一步发展的）: * There was very little outlay on new machinery. 添置新机器的开支微乎其微. (b) [sing] sum spent in this way （作上述用途的）费用, 款项: * a considerable outlay on basic research 发展基础研究的一大笔费用.

outlet
[5autlet; 5aut7let] n 1 ~ (for sth) way out (for water, steam, etc) （水蒸汽等的）出口, 出路, 排放孔: * an outlet for water 排水孔 * the outlet of a lake 湖的出水口 * [attrib 作定语] an outlet valve 排气阀. 2 ~ (for sth) (fig 比喻) means of releasing (energy, strong feelings, etc) （精力、 强烈情感等的）发泄的出路: * Children need an outlet for their energy. 儿童的精力需要发泄出来. * He needs an outlet for all that pent-up anger. 他那积愤需要有机会倾吐. 3 (commerce 商) shop, etc that sells goods made by a particular company 经销店: * This cosmetics firm has 34 outlets in Britain. 这家化妆品公司在英国有34个经销店.

outline
[5autlain; 5aut7lain] n 1 line(s) showing the shape or outer edge (of sth) 轮廓; 外形: * She could see only the outline(s) of the trees in the dim light. 朦胧中她只看见树木的轮廓. * [attrib 作定语] He drew an outline map of Italy. 他画了一张意大利的略图. 2 statement of the main facts or points 要点; 大纲; 纲要: * an outline for an essay, a lecture, etc 文章、 讲演等的要点 * an outline of European History, eg as the title of a book which summarizes the most important historical events, etc 欧洲历史纲要. 3 (idm 习语) in `outline giving only the main points 扼要地: * describe a plan in (broad) outline 概述一计画. 派生： outline v [Tn] 1 draw or mark the outer edge of (sth) 画出或标出（某物）的轮廓、 外形: He outlined the triangle in red. 他用红笔画出叁角形. 2 give a short general description of (sth) 概述（某事物）: We outlined our main objections to the proposal. 我们扼要地说明了反对该建议的意见.

outlive
[7aut'liv; aut'liv] v [Tn] live longer than (sb) 比（某人）活得久: * He outlived his wife by three years. 他比妻子多活了叁年. * (fig 比喻) When he retired he felt that he had outlived his usefulness, ie was no longer useful. 他退休时方觉得自己年老无用了. Cf 参看 outlast.

outlook
[5autluk; 5aut7luk] n 1 ~ (onto/over sth) view on which one looks out 景色; 景致: * The house has a pleasant outlook over the valley. 从这所房子可以看到山谷景色优美. 2 ~ (on sth) person's way of looking at life, etc; mental attitude （对生活等的）看法, 观点, 态度: * a narrow outlook on life 狭隘的人生观 * a tolerant, forgiving, pessimistic, etc outlook 宽容的、 宽恕的、 悲观的...态度. 3 ~ (for sth) what seems likely to happen; future prospects 展望; 前景: * a bright outlook for trade 商业的光明展望 * a bleak outlook for the unemployed 失业者惨淡的前景 * further outlook, dry and sunny, eg as a weather forecast 天气预测, 乾燥而晴朗.

outlying
[5autlaiiN; 5aut7laiiN] adj [attrib 作定语] far from a centre or a city; remote 远离中心的; 远离城市的; 偏远的: * outlying regions 边远地区 * outlying villages, with poor communications 与外界联系不便的偏僻村落.

outmanoeuvre
(US outmaneuver)[7autmE'nu:vE(r);7autmE'nuvl] v [Tn] do better than (an opponent, etc) by acting more skilfully and cleverly 比（对手等）技高一着, 智胜一筹: * He was completely outmanoeuvred in his campaign to win the support of other ministers. 他为赢得其他大臣的支持而竭尽全力, 却因失算而彻底受挫.

outmoded
[7aut'mEudid; aut'modid] adj (often derog 常作贬义) no longer fashionable 过时的; 不流行的: * outmoded ideas, styles, views, etc 陈旧的观念、 款式、看法等.

outnumber
[7aut'nQmbE(r); aut'nQmbl] v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] be more in number than (sb)在数量上超过（某人）: * The demonstrators were outnumbered by the police. 示威者没有警方的人数多. * We were outnumbered two to one by the enemy, ie There were twice as many of them. 我们的人数只及敌人的一半.

outplay
[7aut'plei; aut'ple] v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] play much better than (an opponent) 远胜, 大败（对手）: * The English team were totally outplayed by the Brazilians. 英国队被巴西队打得一败涂地.

outpoint
[7aut'pCint; aut'pCint] v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (in boxing, etc) defeat (sb) by scoring more points （拳击等中）以得分多而胜（某人）: * He was outpointed by the champion. 他以点数输给了冠军.

outpost
[5autpEust; 5aut7post] n 1 (group of soldiers at an) observation point some distance away from the main army 前哨（站）. 2 any distant settlement 偏远居民区: * a missionary outpost in the jungle 丛林区传教居民点 * (joc 谑) You'd better get petrol here where we're going is the last outpost of civilization. 你最好在这儿加足汽油--咱们要去的算是人类文明的边缘地区.

outpouring
[5autpC:riN; 5aut7pCriN] n (usu pl 通常作复数) uncontrolled expression of strong feeling （强烈感情的）流露, 洋溢: * outpourings of the heart 倾吐衷曲 * an outpouring of frenzied grief 悲愤的倾吐 * the outpourings of a madman 疯子的癫狂发作.

output
[5autput; 5aut7put] n [sing] 1 quantity of goods, etc produced (by a machine, worker, etc) （机器、 工人等的）产量: * The average output of the factory is 20 cars a day. 该工厂的平均产量是每天20辆汽车. * We must increase our output to meet demand. 我们必须提高产量以满足需求. * the literary output of the year, ie all the books, etc published in a year 一年的出版物数量. 2 power, energy, etc produced (by a generator, etc) （发电机等的）输出功率: * an output of 100 watts 功率100瓦. 3 (computing 计) information produced from a computer （信息的）输出. Cf 参看 input 3. 派生： output v (-tt-; pt, pp output or outputted) [Tn] (computing 计) supply (information, results, etc) 输出（信息、 结果等）. Cf 参看 input v. 复合： `output device machine by which information is received from a computer 输出设备.

outrage
[5autreidV; 5aut7redV] n (derog 贬) 1 [C, U] (act of) great violence or cruelty 暴虐; 残忍; 暴行: * outrages committed by armed mobs 武装暴民的肆虐 * never safe from outrage 永受暴行威胁. 2 [C] act or event that shocks or angers the public 骇人事件; 激起民愤的行为或事情: * `The building of the new shopping centre is an outrage,’ she protested. ‘修建新购物中心是践踏民意,’她抗议道. 3 [U] strong resentment or anger 义愤; 愤慨: * When he heard the news he reacted with a sense of outrage. 他得悉此事义愤填膺. * He leapt up and down in sheer outrage. 他气得暴跳如雷. 派生： outrage v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] shock or offend (sb); upset greatly 震骇或触犯（某人）; 大大激怒（某人）: outrage public opinion 违反民意 * They were outraged by the announcement of massive price increases. 物价大幅上涨的消息一公布, 他们气愤填膺.

outrageous
[aut'reidVEs; aut'redVEs] adj 1 very offensive or immoral; shocking 蛮横无礼的; 无道德的; 骇人的: * His treatment of his wife is outrageous. 他待妻子十分蛮横. * The price is outrageous, ie much too high.价钱高得吓人. 2 very unusual and unconventional不寻常的; 不依惯例的: * outrageous hats at Ascot 阿斯科特赛马会上千奇百怪的帽子 * outrageous remarks designed to shock listeners 故意耸人听闻的言论. > outrageously adv: * outrageously expensive clothes 极昂贵的衣物 * outrageously pornographic magazines 露骨的色情杂志.

outrank
[7aut'rANk; aut'rANk] v [Tn] (fml 文) be of higher rank than (sb) 级别高於（某人）: * Colonel Jones outranks everyone here. 琼斯上校比这里所有人的级别都高.

outre
[5u:trei; - u:'trei; u'tre] adj (French derog or joc 法, 贬或谑) (esp of behaviour, ideas, tastes, etc) not conventional; very unusual or peculiar; eccentric （尤指行为、 思想、 情趣等）非传统的, 异常的, 奇特的, 古怪的: * an outre style of dress 奇装异服 * She likes to shock people with her outre remarks. 她爱出语惊人.

outrider
[5autraidE(r); 5aut7raidl] n person on a motor cycle (or, esp formerly, on horseback) escorting the vehicle of an important person （重要人物乘坐车辆的）摩托车警卫（或尤指旧时的骑马护卫）: * The President's car was flanked by motor-cycle outriders. 总统的汽车由摩托车警卫护行.

outrigger
[5autrigE(r); 5aut7rigl] n 1 structure projectingover the side of a boat or ship, eg for the rowlocks in a racing boat or to give stability to a canoe 舷外撑架. 2 boat fitted with one of these structures 有舷外撑架的船.

outright
[5autrait; 5aut7rait] adv 1 openly and honestly, with nothing held back 坦率地; 率直地; 诚实地; 无保留 地: * I told him outright what I thought of his behaviour. 我把我对他所作所为的看法直率地告诉了他. 2 not gradually; instantly 一下子; 立即: * be killed outright by a single gunshot 一枪击毙 * buy a house outright, ie not by instalments 以一次付款方式买房. 3 clearly and completely 完全彻底地: * He won outright. 他赢得乾脆. 派生： outright adj [attrib 作定语] 1 without any doubt or reservation 毫无疑义的; 毫无保留的: an outright denial, refusal, etc 矢口否认、 断然拒绝. 2 clear; unmistakable 清楚的; 无疑的: She was the outright winner. 毫无疑问她是优胜者.

outrival
[7aut'raivl; aut'raivl] v (-ll-; US also -l-) [Tn] (fml 文) be or do better than (sb) in competition with him （竞争中）胜过（某人）: * She outrivals him at all board games. 她下什麽棋都比他强.

outrun
[7aut'rQn; aut'rQn] v (pt outran[-'rn; -'rAn] , pp outrun) [Tn] run faster or better than (sb/sth) 比（某人[某物]）跑得快, 善跑: * The favourite easily outran the other horses in the field. 那匹热门马一下子就把其他的马甩在了後边. * (fig 比喻) His ambition outran his ability, ie He was ambitious to do more than he was able. 他志大才疏.

outsell
[7aut'sel; aut'sel] v (pt, pp outsold[-'sEuld;-'sold] ) [Tn] 1 sell more (quickly) than (sb) 比（某人）销售得快或多: * The Japanese can outsell any competitor in the market. 日本人比谁都会搞市场推销. 2 be sold in greater quantities than (sth) 销售数量大於（某物）: * This model outsells all others on the market. 这种型号在市场上较其他型号畅销.

outset
[5autset; 5aut7set] n (idm 习语) at/from the outset (of sth) at/from the beginning (of sth) 开端; 开始: * At the outset of her career she was full of optimism but not now. 她事业伊始十分乐观, 但现在已今非昔比了. * From the outset it was clear that he was guilty. 一开始就很清楚: * 他有罪.

outshine
[7aut'Fain; aut'Fain] v (pt, pp outshone[-'FCn; -'Fon] ) [Tn] (usu fig 通常作比喻) shine more brightly than (sb/sth) 比（某人[某事物]）光亮, 出色, 优异: * The young girl violinist outshone (ie was much better than) all the other competitors. 那年轻姑娘演奏小提琴使所有的竞争者相形见绌.

outside
1[7aut'said; 5aut'said] n 1 [C usu sing 通常作单数] outer side or surface 外面; 外部: * The outside of the house needs painting. 房子的外部需要粉刷. * a fruit with a prickly outside 外皮多刺的水果 * Lower the window and open the door from the outside. 落下窗户, 从外面打开门. * Make sure the contents are clearly labelled on the outside. 外面的标签一定要注明里面的内容. * (fig 比喻) She seems calm on the outside but I know how worried she really is. 她表面很镇静, 但我知道她实际上很不安. 2 [sing] area that is close to but not part of the specified building, etc 与某建 物等接近的地方: * walk round the outside of the building 在楼房周围散步 * I only saw it from the outside. 我只是从外面看见那个东西了. Cf 参看 inside1. 3 (idm 习语) at the outside estimated or calculated as the highest possible figure; at the most 至多; 充其量: * room for 75 people at the outside 至多能容75人的地方 * With tips I can earn 150 a week, at the very outside. 连小费在内我每星期最多能挣150英镑. on the outside (of motorists, motor vehicles, etc) using the lane that is nearest to the middle of the road or motorway （指机动车辆或驾驶员）使用外侧行车道: * overtake sb on the outside 使用外侧行车道超越某人. 派生： outside[5autsaid; 5aut'said] adj [attrib 作定语] 1 of, on or facing the outer side 外部的; 在外面的; 对着外面的: * outside repairs, measurements, appearance 外部的修理、 外部的量度、 外观 * a house with only two outside walls 只有两面外墙的房子. 2 (a) not in the main building; not internal 不在主建 物内的; 外面的: * an outside toilet 户外厕所. (b) not included in or connected with a group, an organization, etc 集团外的; 组织外的; 外界的; 局外的: * We'll need outside help before we can finish. 我们需要外界援助才能完成. * We may have to use an outside firm of consultants. 我们可能得请教外面的谘询公司.

outside1
* She has a lot of outside interests, ie not connected with her job or main subject of study. 她有许多业馀爱好. 3 (of choice, possibility, etc) very small （指选择馀地、 可能性等）非常小的: * an outside chance of winning the game 微乎其微的获胜可能. 4 greatest possible or probable 可能性最大的; 最可能的: * My outside price is 100000. 我出的价最高是100000英镑. * 150 is an outside estimate. 150是最高的估计. 复合： ,outside `broadcast programme filmed or recorded in a place other than the main studio 实况广播（不在主播音室内摄制或录制的节目）. ,outside `lane section of a road or motorway nearest the middle, where traffic moves fastest 外侧行车道. ,outside `left, ,outside `right player (in football, etc) in the forward line who is furthest to the left/right of the centre-forward （足球等中的）左[右]翼, 左[右]边锋. ,outside `line connection by telephone to a place that is outside the building or organization （电话）外线.

outsider
[7aut'saidE(r); aut'saidl] n 1 person who is not (or is not accepted as) a member of a society, group, etc 外人; 局外人; 组织之外的人: * Although she's lived there for ten years, the villagers still treat her as an outsider. 她虽然在那儿住了十年, 村里人仍视她如外人. * Women feel like outsiders in that club. 女子在那个俱乐部里感觉是外人. 2 competitor thought to have little chance of winning a race or contest 不大可能获胜的竞争者: * That horse is a complete outsider; I wouldn't waste your money on it. 那匹马绝无获胜可能, 我要是你可不把钱压在它身上. * Amazingly, the job went to a rank outsider. 真怪, 那工作竟然交给了一个万万想不到的人.

outsize
[5autsaiz; 5aut7saiz] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) (of clothing or people) larger than the standard sizes （指衣物或人）大於标准大小的, 特大的: * outsize dresses for larger ladies 适合特大体型女士的特号连衣裙 * She's not really outsize just well-built. 她不算真正的特大体型--只是魁梧罢了.

outskirts
[5autskE:ts; 5aut7skEts] n [pl] outlying districts (esp of a city or large town); outer areas 外围地区; （尤指）市郊: * They live on the outskirts (ie in an outlying district) of Paris. 他们住在巴黎市郊.

outsmart
[7aut'sma:t; aut'smart] v [Tn] be cleverer or more cunning than (sb); outwit 比（某人）精明, 狡猾; 智胜（某人）: * We outsmarted them and got there first by taking a shorter route. 我们比他们机灵, 抄近道先到了.

outspoken
[7aut'spEukEn; aut'spokEn] adj ~ (in sth/doing sth) saying openly exactly what one thinks; frank 直言的; 坦率的: * an outspoken critic of the government 直言批评政府的人 * be outspoken in one's remarks 直言不讳. > outspokenly adv: * outspokenly critical 坦率批评的. outspokenness n [U].

outspread
[7aut'spred; aut'spred] adj spread or stretched out 展开的; 伸展的; 张开的: * She ran towards him with ,outspread `arms/with ,arms out`spread. 她伸开双臂朝他奔去.

outstanding
[7aut'stAndiN; 5aut'stAndiN] adj 1 exceptionally good; excellent 杰出的; 优秀的: * an outstanding student, piece of work, performance 优秀的学生、 作品、 表演. 2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] in a position to be easily noticed; conspicuous 地位显着的; 为人瞩目 的; 突出的: * the outstanding features of the landscape 景色的显着特点 * an outstanding landmark 突出的地面标志. 3 (of payment, work, problems, etc) not yet paid, done, resolved, etc （指报酬、 工作、 问题等）未偿付的, 未完成的, 未解决的: * outstanding debts 未偿清的债务 * A good deal of work is still outstanding. 不少工作尚未完成. 派生： outstandingly adv exceptionally 非常: outstandinglygood 非常好的 * play outstandingly (well) 演得非常好.

outstation
[5autsteiFn; 5aut7steFEn] n remote station(1); outpost 设在边远地区的分站; 前哨站.

outstay
[7aut'stei; aut'ste] v [Tn] 1 stay longer than (sb) 比（某人）停留的时间长: * outstay all the other guests 停留的时间比其他客人长久. 2 (idm 习语) outstay/overstay one's welcome => welcome.

outstretched
[7aut'stretFt; aut'stretFt] adj (with limbs) stretched or spread out as far as possible （四肢）伸开的, 展开的: * He lay outstretched on the grass. 他手脚摊开躺在草地上. * with ,arms out`stretched/with ,outstretched `arms 张开双臂.

outstrip
[7aut'strip; aut'strip] v (-pp-) [Tn] 1 run faster than (sb in a race) and leave him behind （赛跑中）超越（某人）: * We soon outstripped the slower runners. 我们很快就超过那些跑得慢的人. 2 become larger, more important, etc than (sb/sth) 胜过, 超过（某人[某事物]）: * Demand is outstripping current production. 现在需求逐渐超过了生产能力.

outvote
[7aut'vEut; aut'vot] v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] defeat (sb) by a majority of votes; win more votes than 以多数票击败（某人）; 得票多於: * Richard and David tried to get the question put on the agenda but they were heavily outvoted. 理查德和戴维极力想把问题列入议程, 但遭多数票否决.

outward
[5autwEd; 5autwld] adj [attrib 作定语] 1 (of a journey) going out or away from (a place that one is going to return to) （指旅行）外出的, 出外的: * He got lost on the outward journey. 他外出旅行不知所终. 2 of oron the outside 外面的; 在外面的: * the outward appearance of things 东西的外表 * To (all) outward appearances (ie As far as one can judge from the outside) the child seems very happy. 这孩子从外表看似乎很高兴. 3 in, or relating to, one's expressions or actions (in contrast to one's mental state or emotions) 表情或行动中的, 言行表露的（与心态和内心感受相对）: * She gives no outward sign of the sadness she must feel. 她一定很难过, 但毫不形之於色. * An outward show of confidence concealed his nervousness. 他表现出很有信心的样子以掩盖内心的紧张. 派生： outwardly adv on the surface; apparently 表面上; 外表上: Though badly frightened, she appeared outwardly calm. 她虽然非常害怕, 但表面上还是显得很镇静. outwards[-wEdz; -wldz] ( Brit) (also esp US outward)adv. =>Usage at forward2 用法见forward 2. 1 towards the outside 向外: The two ends of the wire must be bent outward(s). 铁丝的两端须向外弯. * Her feet turn outwards. 她双足外翻. 2 away from home or from the point from which one started 离家; 离出发地: a train travelling outwards from London 从伦敦向外开行的火车. outward `bound going away from home, etc 离开家、 国等: The ship is outward bound. 那船是开往外地的. * [attrib 作定语] the outward bound train 开往外地的火车. Outward `Bound Movement scheme designed to provide adventure training outdoors for young people （培养年轻人冒险精神的）户外训练活动: [attrib 作定语] an Outward Bound (Movement) School 户外训练（活动）学校.

outweigh
[7aut'wei; aut'we] v [Tn] be greater in weight, value or importance than (sth) 在重量、 价值或重要性上超过（某事物）: * This outweighs all other considerations. 这一点是首要考虑的. * The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages. 利远大於弊.

outwit
[7aut'wit; aut'wit] v (-tt-) [Tn] win or defeat (sb) by being cleverer or more cunning than him 以智胜过, 以计击败（某人）: * Two prisoners outwitted their guards and got away. 有两个囚犯设计欺骗了警卫而逃走了.

outwork
[5autwE:k; 5aut7wEk] n [U] sewing, assembly work, etc supplied by a factory or shop to an individual to be done at home 外包活（工厂或商店供给个人在家做的）: * do outwork for a clothing factory 为一制衣厂做外包活. 派生： outworker n person who does outwork 外包工: Outworkers in the clothing industry are usually badly paid. 服装业中的外包工通常工酬菲薄.

outworn
[7aut'wC:n; 5aut'wCrn] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] no longer useful; outdated; old-fashioned 不能再用的; 过时的; 旧式的: * outworn practices in industry 工业中过时的做法 * outworn scientific theories 落伍的科学理论.

ouzel
[5u:zl; 5uzl] n any of various types of small songbird of the thrush family 黑鸫: * a ring ouzel 环颈鸫.

ouzo
[5u:zEu; 5uzo] n [U] Greek alcoholic drink flavoured with aniseed, usu drunk with water 茴香烈酒（希腊产, 通常搀水饮用）.

ova
[5EuvE; 5ovE] pl of ovum.

oval
[5Euvl; 5ovl] n, adj (flat shape or outline that is) shaped like an egg 卵形的; 椭圆形（的）: * The playing-field is a large oval. 球场很大, 呈椭圆形. * an oval brooch 椭圆形胸针 * an oval-shaped face 鸭蛋脸 * The mirror is oval. 镜子是椭圆的.

ovary
[5EuvEri; 5ovEri] n 1 either of the two organs in female animals that produce egg-cells (ova) 卵巢: * an operation to remove diseased ovaries 卵巢切除手术. =>illus at female 见female插图. Cf 参看 ovum. 2 (botany 植) part of a plant that produces seeds 子房. 派生： ovarian/Eu'veEriEn; o'veriEn] adj [attrib 作定语] of the ovary 卵巢的; 子房的: * an ovarian cyst 卵巢囊肿.

ovation
[Eu'veiFn; o'veFEn] n great applause or cheering expressing welcome or approval 热烈鼓掌或欢呼: * She received an enthusiastic ovation from the audience. 她获得观众热烈的欢迎. * The speaker was given a standing ovation, ie The audience stood to clap, etc. 听众起立向演讲人热烈鼓掌欢呼.

oven
[5Qvn; 5QvEn] n 1 enclosed box-like space (usu part of a cooker) in which things are cooked or heated 烤炉; 烤箱: * Bread is baked in an oven. 面包是在烤炉里烤制的. * a gas oven 煤气烤箱 * a microwave oven 微波炉 * [attrib 作定语] You've left the oven door open. 你没把烤箱的门关上. Cf 参看 stove 1. 2 (idm 习语) have a bun in the oven => bun. like an `oven very hot 非常热: * Open the window, it's like an oven in here! 打开窗户吧, 这里热得像火炉! 复合： ,oven-`ready adj prepared and ready for cooking 已加工即可入炉烤制的: ,oven-ready `chickens 已加工即可烤制的鸡. ovenware[5QvnweE(r); 5QvEn7wer] n [U] heatproof dishes that can be used for cooking food in an oven （烤箱用）耐热盘碟: * [attrib 作定语] ovenware pottery 耐热陶器.

over
compensate

over1
* 10 metres and a bit over 10米多一点. Cf 参看 under 4. 5 ended 结束; 完结: * Their relationship is over. 他们的关系已经吹了. * By the time we arrived the meeting was over. 我们到达时, 会议已结束了. * `It's all over with him (ie He is going to die),’ the doctor said gently. ‘他不行了,’医生轻声地说. 6 (a) (indicating transfer or change from one person, group, place, etc to another 表示转移或更换): * He's gone over to the enemy, ie joined them. 他已投敌. * Please change the plates over, ie exchange their positions. 请把盘子调一下. (b) (used when communicating by radio 用於无线电通话): * Message received. Over, ie It is your turn to speak. 信息收到. 完毕. （该你说了. ） 7 so as to cover (sb/sth) entirely 全部遮盖（某人[某物]）: * paint sth over 把某物全部涂上颜料 * The lake is completely frozen over. 湖面全部封冻. * Cover her over with a blanket. 给她盖好毯子. 8 (idm 习语) (all) over a`gain a second time (from the beginning) （从头）再一次: * He did the work so badly that I had to do it all over again myself. 他干的太差劲了, 我只好亲自重做. over against sth (fml 文) in contrast with sth 与某事物对比: * the benefits of private education over against state education 私人办学比起国家教育的好处. ,over and ,over (a`gain) many times; repeatedly 一再; 多次; 反覆: * I've warned you over and over (again) not to do that. 我已多次告诫过你不要做那件事. * Say the words over and over to yourself. 把这些话自己重复几遍吧.

overact
[7EuvEr'Akt; 5ovl'Akt] v [I, Tn] (derog 贬) act2(2a) (one's part) in an exaggerated way; overplay 表演（角色）夸张; 演得过火: * Amateur actors often overact. 业馀演员往往表演过火. * He overacts the part of the loving husband. 他扮演一个体贴的丈夫的角色, 演得肉麻. Cf 参看 underact.

overall
1[7EuvEr'C:l; 7ovl'Cl] adj [attrib 作定语] (a) including everything; total 包括一切的; 全部的; 总计的: * the overall measurements of a room 一个房间的总面积 * the overall cost of the carpet including sales tax and fitting 地毯的总值, 包括营业税及附件在内. (b) taking everything into account; general 全面考虑的; 总的: * There's been an overall improvement recently. 近来各方面都有所改进. 派生： overall adv 1 including everything 一切包括在内; 总共: How much will it cost overall? 一共多少钱? 2 on the whole; generally 大致上; 大体上; 总体上: Overall it's been a good match. 总的来说, 那场比赛很好.

overarm
[5EuvEra:m; 5ovl7arm] adj, adv (of bowling in cricket) with the arm swung over the shoulder （板球中投球时）挥臂过肩（的）: * an overarm bowler 投球时挥臂过肩的投球手 * bowl overarm 挥臂过肩投球. Cf 参看 underarm.

overawe
[7EuvEr'C:; 7ovl'C] v [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] cause (sb) to feel a great deal of fear and respect 使（某人）大感敬畏: * overawed into submission by senior colleagues 被高职同事慑服 * He was overawed by rather grand surroundings. 周围景象十分壮丽, 他为之惊叹不已.

overbalance
[7EuvE'bAlEns; 7ovl'bAlEns] v [I, Tn] (cause sb/sth to) lose balance and fall over （使某人[某物]）失去平衡而倒下: * He overbalanced and fell into the water. 他失去平衡跌入水中. * If you stand up you'll overbalance the canoe. 要是站起来, 能把独木舟弄翻.

overbearing
[7EuvE'beEriN; 7ovl'beriN] adj (derog 贬) forcing others to do what one wants (without caring about their feelings); domineering 专横的; 跋扈的; 横行霸道的: * an overbearing manner 专横的态度. > overbearingly adv: * overbearingly proud 盛气凌人.

overbid
[7EuvE'bid; 7ovl'bid] v (-tt-; pt, pp overbid) 1 [Tn] offer more money than (sb) at an auction; outbid （拍卖时）出价高於（某人）; 出高价压倒（他人）. 2 [I, Tn] (in the game of bridge) make a higher bid than (one's partner) or than one's cards are worth （桥牌中）叫牌压过（对方）或超过自己的实力. Cf 参看 underbid. 派生： overbid[5EuvEbid; 5ovl7bid] n act of overbidding 高於别人的出价; （桥牌中压过对方或超过自己实力的）叫牌.

overblown
[7EuvE'blEun; 7ovl'blon] adj 1 (of flowers) past their best; too fully open （指花）盛期已过的, 开得过盛的: * ,overblown `roses 盛极而衰的玫瑰 * (fig 比喻) ,overblown `beauty 迟暮美人. 2 (fml 文) overdone; pretentious 做得过分的; 做作的: * an overblown style of writing 华而不实的文体.

overboard
[5EuvEbC:d; 5ovl7bCrd] adv 1 over the side of a ship or boat into the water 越过船舷进入水中: * fall, jump, be washed overboard 经船舷跌入、 跳入、 被冲入水中. 2 (idm 习语) go overboard (about sb/sth)(infml often derog 口, 常作贬义) be very or too enthusiastic(about sth/sb) （对某事物[某人]）极感兴趣或过分感兴趣: * He goes overboard about every young woman he meets. 他对年轻的女子见一个爱一个. throw sth/sb overboard abandon sth; get rid of or stop supporting sb 抛弃某事物; 除掉或不再支持某人: * After heavily losing the election the party threw their leader overboard. 该党惨败落选後罢免了党魁.

overbook
[7EuvE'buk; 7ovl'buk] v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] make reservations for too many passengers or visitors for (an aircraft flight, a hotel, etc) 使（航班、 旅馆等）订位超员: * The flight was heavily overbooked. 该班机订位已超员.

overburden
[7EuvE'bE:dn; 5ovl'bEdn] v [usu passive 通常用於被动语态: * Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (with sth) load sb with too much weight, work, worry, etc 使某人负担过重: * overburdened with committee meetings 因委员会会议繁多而不胜重负 * overburdened with guilt, remorse, debt 罪过深重、 追悔无及、 负债累累.

overcapitalize, overcapitalise
[7EuvE'kpitElaiz; 5ovl'kApEtl7aiz] v [Tn] fix or estimate the money supply of (a company, business, etc) too high 将（公司、 企业等）的资本定得或估价过高. > overcapitalization, -isation/ 9EUvE9kpItElaI5zeIFn; ?@ -lI5z; `ovL9kApEtlI`zeFEn] n [U].

overcast
[7EuvE'ka:st; - -'kst; 7ovl'kAst] adj (of the sky) covered with cloud （指天空）阴的, 多云的: * a dark, overcast day 阴暗的一天 * It's a bit overcast it might rain. 天有点阴--可能有雨. * (fig 比喻) a gloomy, overcast (ie unhappy) expression on his face 他愁眉苦脸.

overcharge
[7EuvE'tFa:dV; 5ovl'tFardV] v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.n] ~ (sb) (for sth) charge (sb) too high a price (for sth) （为某事物）（向某人）索价或索费过高: * That grocer never overcharges. 那杂货商从不多要价. * We were overcharged for the eggs. 我们的鸡蛋买贵了. * They overcharged me (by) 1 for the shopping. 我买东西他们多要了我1英镑. Cf 参看 undercharge. 2 fill or load (sth) too full or too heavily 将（某物）装得过满或过重: * overcharge an electric circuit 使电路超负荷 * (fig 比喻) a poem overcharged with emotion 感情过於丰富的诗.

overcoat
[5EuvEkEut; 5ovl7kot] n (also dated 旧作 `topcoat) long warm coat worn over other clothes (when going outdoors in cold weather) 大衣: * He wore a hat, gloves and an overcoat. 他戴着帽子、 手套, 还穿着大衣.

overcome
[7EuvE'kQm; 7ovl'kQm] v (pt overcame[- 5keIm; -`kem/, pp overcome) 1 [Tn] succeed in a struggle against (sth); defeat 战胜, 克服（某事物）: * overcome a bad habit 改掉坏习惯 * He overcame a strong temptation to run away. 他抵制了要逃跑的强烈诱惑. 2 [I] (fml 文) be victorious; triumph 得胜; 获胜: * We shall overcome! 我们一定胜利! 3 [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] make (sb) weak or ill; cause (sb) to become faint or lose control 使（某人）软弱或不适; 使（某人）昏厥或失去控制力: * be overcome by gas fumes 被煤气熏倒 * be overcome by/with grief, anger, despair, etc 因悲哀、 气恼、 绝望等而不能自持. 4 [Tn] find a way of dealing with or solving (a problem, etc) 找到处理或解决（问题等）的办法: * We'll overcome that difficulty when we get to it. 那种困难到时候我们自有办法解决.

overcrop
[7EuvE'krCp; 7ovl'krap] v (-pp-) [Tn] take too many crops from (farmland) so that it loses fertility 过度使用（耕地）而使之贫瘠.

overcrowded
[7EuvE'kraudid; 7ovl'kraudid] adj with too many people in (a place); crowded too much 过度拥挤的: * Shops are very overcrowded before Christmas. 商店在圣诞节前非常拥挤. * ,overcrowded `buses, `trains, etc 拥挤不堪的公共汽车、 火车等. 派生： overcrowding[7EuvE'kraudiN; 7ovl'kraudiN] n [U] state of having too many people in one place 拥挤: * the serious overcrowding in the poorer areas of the city 城市贫困区的严重拥挤状况.

overdo
[7EuvE'du:; 5ovl'du] v (pt overdid[-'did; -'did] , pp overdone[-'dQn; -'dQn] ) [Tn] 1 do, perform or express (sth) too fully or for too long; exaggerate 将（某事物）做得、 表现得或表达得过火: * She rather overdid the sympathy, ie was so sympathetic that she did not seem sincere. 她同情得有些过分了（显得缺乏诚意）. 2 overact (sth) 将（某事物）演得过火: * The comic scenes in the play were overdone. 这剧的滑稽场面太夸张了. 3 use too much of (sth) 过多使用（某事物）; 滥用: * Don't overdo the garlic in the food not everyone likes it. 蒜别放太多--不是人人都喜欢的. * I think they've rather overdone the red in this room, ie used too much red paint, wallpaper, etc. 我认为他们把这房间弄得太红了. 4 cook (sth) for too long 把（某物）煮得过久: * The fish was overdone and very dry. 鱼烧得过火了, 太乾了. 5 (idm 习语) over`do it/things (a) work, study, exercise, etc too hard 工作、 学习、 运动等过分努力: * He's been overdoing things recently. 近来他做事过分努力. * You must stop overdoing it you'll make yourself ill. 不要过劳了--你要生病的. (b) behave in an exaggerated way (in order to achieve one's aim) （为达到目的）做得过分: * He was trying to be helpful, but he rather overdid it. 他想尽力帮忙, 但做得有些过分了.

overdose
[5EuvEdEus; 5ovl7dos] n too great an amount (of a drug) taken at one time （药物一次使用的）过量: * take a massive overdose of sleeping tablets 服用过量的安眠药 * die of a heroin overdose 死於使用过量海洛因 * (fig 比喻) I've had rather an overdose of T. V. this week, ie watched too much. 这个星期我看电视看得太多了. 派生： overdose v 1[7EuvE'dEus; 5ovl'dos] [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (with sth) give sb an overdose (of sth) 给某人（药物的）过量: * He's been overdosing himself. 他用药一直过量. * She overdosed the old woman with pain-killers. 她给那老太太使用过量的止痛药. 2[5EuvEdEus; 5ovl7dos] [I, Ipr] ~ (on sth) take an overdose (of sth) 使用（药物的）过量: * He overdosed (on sleeping-pills) and died. 他服用安眠药过量致死.

overdraft
[5EuvEdra:ft; - -drAft; 5ovl7drAft] n amountof money by which a bank account is overdrawn 透支; 透支额: * He has a huge overdraft to pay off. 他有一大笔透支要偿还. * I took out an overdraft to pay for my new car. 我用透支来付新汽车的钱. * [attrib 作定语] an overdraft arrangement 透支安排.

overdraw
[7EuvE'drC:; 5ovl'drC] v (pt overdrew[- 5dru:; -`dru/, pp overdrawn[-'drC:n; -'drCn] ) 1 [I, Tn] draw more money from (a bank account) than the amount that is in it 从（银行帐户）透支. 2 [Tn] give an exaggerated account of (sth) 夸张（某事物）: * The characters in this novel are overdrawn, ie not true to life. 这部小说人物都太夸张了. 派生： overdrawn[7EuvE'drC:n; 5ovl'drCn] adj (a) [pred 作表语] (of a person) having an overdraft （指人）有透支: * I am overdrawn by 500. 我透支了500英镑. (b) (of an account) with more money drawn out than paid or left in （指帐户）透支的: * a heavily overdrawn account 巨额透支的帐户.

overdress
[7EuvE'dres; 5ovl'dres] v [I, Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] (usu derog 通常作贬义) dress (oneself or another person) more formally, richly, etc than is suitable for the occasion 过分打扮（自己或某人）（不适於某场合）: * I feel rather overdressed in this suit everyone else is wearing jeans! 我觉得穿这身西服太讲究了--别人全都穿牛仔裤!

overdrive
[5EuvEdraiv; 5ovl7draiv] n 1 [U] mechanism providing an extra gear above the normal top gear in a vehicle （车辆中的）加速传动装置, 加速挡. 2 (idm 习语) go into `overdrive use the overdrive mechanism 使用加速挡: * (fig 比喻) She always goes into overdrive (ie starts working very hard) before the holidays. 她总是在放假前特别努力.

overdue
[7EuvE'dju:; - -'du:; 5ovl'du] adj [usu pred 通常作表语] not paid, completed, arrived, etc by the due or expected time （到期或到时）未付款, 未完成, 未到达: * These bills are overdue, ie should have been paid before now. 这些帐单已逾期未付. * The baby is two weeks overdue, ie still not born two weeks after the expected date of birth. 那胎儿已超过预产期两个星期了. * The train is overdue, ie late. 火车误点了.

overeat
[7EuvEr'i:t; 5ovl'it] v (pt overate[-'et; -'et] , pp overeaten[-'i:tn; -'itn] ) [I] eat more than one needs or more than is healthy 吃得过多: * I overate at the party last night and got violent indigestion. 昨日晚宴我吃多了, 严重消化不良. * Obese people find it difficult to stop overeating. 胖人觉得一吃就过量, 难以控制.

overestimate
[7EuvEr'estimeit; 5ovl'estE7met] v [Tn] estimate (sth) to be bigger, higher, better, etc than it is 过高估计（某事物）: * I overestimated the amount of milk we'd need for the weekend. 我过高估计了我们周末的用奶量. * I overestimated his abilities he's finding the job very difficult. 我过高估计了他的能力--现在他觉得工作非常困难. Cf 参看 underestimate.

overexpose
[7EuvErik'spEuz; 5ovErik'spoz] v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] expose (a film, etc) for too long or in too bright a light （胶片等）曝光过度. Cf 参看 underexpose. > overexposure n [U].

overflow
[7EuvE'flEu; 7ovl'flo] v 1 [I, Tn] flow over the edges or limits of (sth) 从（某物）中溢出: * Your bath is overflowing. 你澡盆里的水都溢出来了. * The river overflowed (its banks). 河水泛滥（溢过堤岸）了. =>illus at overlap 见overlap插图. 2 [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (into sth) spread beyond the limits of (a room, etc) 扩展到（房间等）的范围以外: * The meeting overflowed into the streets. 与会者太多, 会场扩大到街上了. * The audience easily overflowed the small theatre. 这小剧院很快就已经盛不下观众了. 3 [Ipr] ~ with sth be more than filled with sth; be very full of sth 充满或洋溢某事物: * overflowing with happiness, kindness, gratitude, etc 充满幸福、 善意、 感激等 * a heart overflowing with love 充满爱的心. 派生： overflow[5EuvEflEu; 5ovl7flo] n 1 [U] (a) flowing over of liquid 溢出: * stop the overflow from the cistern 止住水使之不再从水箱溢出. (b) that which overflows 溢出物: * Put a bowl underneath to catch the overflow. 把盆放在下面接住溢出物. * [attrib 作定语] an overflow canal 泛滥的运河. 2 [U, sing] something that is too much for the space available 容纳不下的人或事物: * a large overflow of population from the cities 从城市外流的大批人 * find a smaller hall for the overflow from the main meeting 找个小礼堂容纳主会场盛不下的人. 3 [C] (also `overflow pipe) outlet that allows excess liquid to escape 溢流管: * The overflow from the bath is blocked. 浴盆的溢流管堵塞了.

overfly
[7EuvE'flai; 7ovl'flai] v (pt overflew[-'flu:; -'flu] ,pp overflown[-'flEun; -'flon] ) [Tn] fly over (a city, country, etc) 飞越, 飞过（一城市、 国家等）: * The journey back took longer than normal, because the plane could not overfly the war zone. 回程用的时间比平时长, 因为飞机不能飞越战区.

overgrown
[7EuvE'grEun; 5ovl'gron] adj 1 [usu attrib 通常作定语] having grown too large or too fast 长得太大或太快的: * That man behaves like an ,overgrown `child. 那男子一举一动像个大孩子. 2 [pred 作表语] ~ (with sth) covered with (plants, weeds, etc that have grown too thickly in an uncontrolled way) （野草等）蔓生: * walls overgrown with ivy 爬满长春藤的墙 * The garden's completely overgrown (with nettles). 花园里长满了（ 麻科）植物.

overgrowth
[5EuvEgrEuW; 5ovl7groW] n 1 [U, C] plants, weeds, etc growing in an uncontrolled way 滋蔓生长物: * an overgrowth of nettles 蔓生的 麻. 2[7EuvE'grEuW;'ovl7groW] [U] growth that is too fast or too much 生长太快; 生长过度: * Overgrowth is common in adolescents. 青少年成长过快是普遍现象.

overhang
[7EuvE'hAN; 7ovl'hAN] v (pt, pp overhung[- 5hQN; -`hQN/) [I, Tn] hang over or stand out over (sth) like a shelf 悬於或突出於（某物）之上: * The ledge overhangs by several feet. 壁架凌空伸出几英尺. * The cliff overhangs the beach. 悬崖俯临着海滩. 派生： overhang[5EuvEhAN; 5ovl7hAN] n part that overhangs 悬垂的部分: * a bird's nest under the overhang of the roof 房檐下的鸟巢.

overhaul
[7EuvE'hC:l; 7ovl'hCl] v [Tn] 1 examine (sth) carefully and thoroughly and make any necessary repairs 彻底检修（某物）: * have the engine of a car overhauled 检修汽车的发动机 * (fig 比喻) The language syllabus needs to be completely overhauled. 那个语言教学大纲需全面修订. 2 catch up with and overtake (sth) 追上并超过（某事物）: * The fast cruiser soon overhauled the old cargo boat. 快速巡逻艇迅即赶上那艘旧货船. 派生： overhaul[5EuvEhC:l; 5ovl7hCl] n thorough examinationfollowed by any necessary repairs 彻底检修; 大修: * I've taken my typewriter in for an overhaul. 我已把打字机拿去彻底检修了. * The engine is due for an overhaul. 那台发动机该大修了. * (infml joc 口, 谑) I'm going to the doctor for my annual overhaul, ie physical examination. 我要到医生那里作年度身体检查.

overhead
[5EuvEhed; 5ovl7hed] adj 1 raised above the ground; above one's head 离地面的; 头顶上的; 上空的: * overhead wires, cables, etc 架空线、 缆等 * an overhead railway, ie built on a level higher than the street 高架铁路. 2 of or relating to overheads （企业的）经费的: * overhead expenses, charges, etc 经费的开支、 应付款项等. 派生： overhead[7EuvE'hed; 5ovl'hed] adv above one's head; in the sky 在头顶上; 在空中: * the stars overhead 天上的星星 * birds flying overhead 空中的飞鸟.

overhear
[7EuvE'hiE(r); 7ovl'hir] v (pt, pp overheard[- 5h\:d; -`h[d/) [Tn, Tng, Tni] hear (sb, a conversation, etc) without the knowledge of the speaker(s); hear by chance 偷听到（某人说话、 谈话等）; 无意中听到: * I overheard their argument/them. 我偷听到他们争论[他们说话]. * I overheard them quarrelling. 我无意中听到他们吵架. * I overheard him say/saying he was going to France. 我偶然听到他说他要到法国去.

overjoyed
[7EuvE'dVCid; 5ovl'dVCid] adj [usu pred 通常作表语] ~ (at sth/to do sth) filled with great happiness 极欣喜; 极高兴: * He'll be overjoyed at your news. 他一定对你的消息大喜过望. * She was overjoyed to hear about the arrival of the baby. 她听说婴儿出生而欣喜若狂.

overkill
[5EuvEkil; 5ovl7kil] n [U] (usu fig 通常作比喻) much greater amount than is needed to defeat sb/sth or achieve sth （为战胜某人[某事物]或达到某目的之）过火行动: * It was surely overkill to screen three interviews on the same subject in one evening. 一晚放映叁个同一主题的访问记实, 真是小题大做.

overland
[5EuvElAnd; 5ovl7lAnd] adj across the land; by land (not by sea or air) 横越陆地的; 经由陆路的（非航海或航空）: * an overland route, journey, etc 陆上的路线、 旅行等. > overland adv: * travel overland 陆上旅行.

overlap
[7EuvE'lAp; 7ovl'lAp] v (-pp-) [I, Tn] 1 partly cover (sth) by extending over its edge （与某物）部分重叠: * a boat made of overlapping boards 用鱼鳞板材造的船 * The tiles on the roof overlap one another. 房上的瓦是一块搭着一块的. 2 (fig 比喻) partly coincide (with sth) 部分（和某事物）巧合、 一致: * Our visits to the town overlapped. 我们彼此都恰巧到那小城观光. * His duties and mine overlap, ie cover part of the same area of interest. 他的职责和我的有部分重叠. 派生： overlap[5EuvElAp; 5ovl7lAp] n 1 [C] overlapping part or amount 重叠的部分或程度: * an overlap of 50 cm 50厘米的重叠部分 * a large overlap 大部分重合. 2 [U] fact or process of overlapping 重叠; 重合; 重复: * There is no question of overlap between the two courses. 这两门课程之间不存在重叠的问题. =>illus 见插图.

overlay
[7EuvE'lei; 7ovl'le] v (pt, pp overlaid[-'leid;-'led] ) [usu passive 通常用於被动语态: * Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) put a thin layer over the surface of (sth) 在（某物）表面上铺一薄层: * wood overlaid with gold 敷金箔的木 * He overlaid the walls with hessian. 他在墙上贴了一层麻布. 派生： overlay[5EuvElei; 5ovl7le] n thing laid over sth 覆盖物: * a table covered with a copper overlay 包铜桌子.

overleaf
[7EuvE'li:f; 5ovl'lif] adv on the other side of the page (of a book, etc) 在（书等的）某页的另一面、 後面、 背面或下一页: * see picture overleaf, ie as an instruction to the reader 见次页图.

overload
[7EuvE'lEud; 7ovl'lod] v [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: * Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) 1 put too great a load on or into (sth) 使（某物）装载过重: * The donkey was so overloaded, it could hardly climb the hill. 那驴负载过重, 几乎爬不过岗. 2 put too great an electric charge into (a circuit, etc) 使（电路等）超负荷: * The lights fused because the system was overloaded with electrical appliances. 电灯灭了, 因线路上用电器超负荷把保险丝烧断了.

overlook
[7EuvE'luk; 7ovl'luk] v [Tn] 1 have or give a view of (a place) from above 俯瞰, 俯视（某处）: * My room overlooks the sea. 从我的房间可眺望大海. * We overlook the church from our house. 我们可从家中俯瞰教堂. * Our garden is overlooked by our neighbours' windows, ie They can see into our garden from their windows. 从邻居的窗户可看到我家的花园. 2 (a) fail to see or notice (sth); miss 未看到, 未注意到（某事物）: * He overlooked a spelling error on the first page. 他没有看出第一页中有个拼写错误. (b) take no (official) notice of (sb/sth); ignore 忽视, 忽略（某人[某事物]）; 不理会: * He was overlooked (ie He was not considered for the job) when they set about choosing a new manager. 选任新经理时没有考虑他. * We can afford to overlook minor offences. 我们可以不计较小过. * She overlooked his rudeness and tried to pretend nothing had happened. 她没有理会他的粗鲁举动, 竭力装作若无其事的样子.

overlord
[5EuvElC:d; 5ovl7lCrd] n (formerly) nobleman on whose land people of lower rank worked （旧时的）领主, 大地主: * a feudal overlord 封建领主 * The peasants owed service and obedience to their overlord. 农民要俯首贴耳为地主效劳.

overly
[5EuvEli; 5ovlli] adv (fml esp Scot or US 文, 尤用於苏格兰或美国) (before an adj or a v 用於形容词或动词之前) too; excessively 太; 过度: * overly cautious 过於谨慎 * I am not overly impressed by his work. 我认为他的作品不太出色. Cf 参看 over-.

overmanned
[7EuvE'mAnd; 7ovl'mAnd] adj (of a factory, etc) having more workers than are needed to do the work that needs to be done （指工厂等）人手过多的, 人浮於事的: * Management decided the office was overmanned and sacked three junior typists. 管理部门认为办公室人浮於事, 於是裁去了叁名级别低的打字员.Cf 参看 overstaffed, undermanned. > overmanning/ 9EUvE5mAnIN; 9ovL`mAnIN/ n [U]: * Overmanning can be a serious problem in industry. 工业中人员超编可产生严重问题.

overmastering
[7EuvE'ma:stEriN; - -'mAs-; 7ovl'mAstEriN] adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] (fml or rhet 文或修辞) overpowering; overwhelming 压倒; 征服: * an overmastering passion, ie one that is difficult to control 难以抑制的热情.

overnight
[7EuvE'nait; 5ovl'nait] adv 1 during or for the night 在晚上; 在夜里: * stay overnight at a friend's house, ie sleep there for the night 在朋友家过夜. 2 (infml 口) suddenly or very quickly 突然; 很快: * She became a celebrity overnight. 她一下子成了名人了. 派生： overnight[5EuvEnait; 5ovl'nait] adj [attrib 作定语] 1 during or for the night 晚上的; 夜里的: * an overnight journey 夜间旅行 * an overnight bag 装过夜用品的旅行袋 * an overnight stop in Rome 在罗马停留一夜. 2 (infml 口) suddenly; very quickly 突然的; 很快的: * an overnight success 突然间的成功.

overpass
[5EuvEpa:s; - -pAs; 5ovl7pAs] n (esp US) (Brit also flyover[5flaiEuvE(r); 5flai7ovl] ) bridge that carries a road over a motorway 立体交叉桥; 立交桥. Cf 参看 underpass.

overpay
[7EuvE'pei; 5ovl'pe] v (pt, pp overpaid[-'peid;-'ped] ) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth) pay sb too much or too highly 付给某人太多或太高: * They don't exactly overpay their work-force. 他们给工人的报酬并非过高. * I think he's overpaid for the little he does. 我认为他干得很少而所得过多. Cf 参看 underpay.

overplay
[7EuvE'plei; 7ovl'ple] v 1 [Tn] give too much importance to (sth) 过分重视（某事物）: * overplay certain factors 过分看重某些因素 * You must not overplay his part in the negotiations. 你不可过高估计他在谈判中的作用. Cf 参看 underplay. 2 (idm 习语) overplay one's `hand take too great or too many risks (by overestimating one's own strength) （因过高估计自己的力量）冒风险: * The union is in danger of overplaying its hand in the current dispute. 工会在目前纠纷中高估自己实力有失败之虞.

overpower
[7EuvE'pauE(r); 7ovl'paul] v [Tn] be too strong or powerful for (sb); defeat (sb) by greater strength or numbers 强得使（某人）承受不住; 以力量或数量胜（某人）: * The burglars were easily overpowered by the police. 警方轻而易举制服了窃贼. * He was overpowered by the heat. 他热得受不了了. 派生： overpowering[7EuvE'pauEriN; 7ovl'pauEriN] adj too strong; very powerful 太强的; 力量极大的: * find the smell overpowering 觉得气味难忍 * overpowering grief 难以承受的悲伤.

overprint
[7EuvE'print; 7ovl'print] v (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) print additional matter on (an already printed surface, eg a postage stamp) 在（印刷品, 如邮票）上加印: * overprint stamps with a new price 在邮票上加印新值. (b) [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (on sth) print (additional matter) in this way 加印; 加盖: * Additional material is overprinted in red. 附加材料是用红色加印上的. * overprint a grid on a map 在地图上加印座标格. 派生： overprint[5EuvEprint; 5ovl7print] n (fml 文) thing overprinted 加印的图文.

overrate
[7EuvE'reit; 5ovl'ret] v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] have too high an opinion of (sb/sth); put too high a value on 对（某人[某事物]）评价过高: * I think I overrated him; he can't handle a senior job. 我看我对他估计过高了, 他胜任不了高职位的工作. * He overrated his abilities as a salesman. 他对自己当推销员的能力评价过高. Cf 参看 underrate. 派生： overrated adj (derog 贬) having too high a value placed on it 评价过高的: I think his work is extremely overrated. 我认为对他的工作评价实在太高了. * an overrated film 评价过高的影片.

overreach
[7EuvE'ri:tF; 7ovl'ritF] v [Tn no passive 不用於被动语态] ~ oneself (esp derog 尤作贬义) fail by trying to achieve more than is possible 做不可能做到的事而失败: * Don't apply for that job: * you're in danger of overreaching yourself. 不要申请那份工作, 以免有不自量力之嫌.

override
[7EuvE'raid; 7ovl'raid] v (pt overrode[-'rEud; -'rod] , pp overridden[-'ridn; -'ridn] ) [Tn] 1 disregard or set aside (sb's opinions, etc) 不顾, 不理会（某人意见等）: * override sb's views, decisions, wishes, etc 无视某人的看法、 决定、 愿望等 * They overrode my protest and continued with the meeting. 他们不顾我的抗议仍继续开会. 2 be more important than (sth) 比（某事物）更重要: * Considerations of safety override all other concerns. 对安全的考虑压倒一切. 派生： overriding[7EuvE'raidiN; 7ovl'raidiN] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] more important than any other considerations 首要的: * It is of overriding importance to finish the project this week. 最重要的是本星期要完成这一项目.

overrule
[7EuvE'ru:l; 7ovl'rul] v [Tn] decide against (something already decided, etc) by exercising one's higher authority 否决, 驳回（某决定）: * overrule a claim, objection, etc 驳回某项要求、 异议等 * The judge overruled the previous decision. 法官宣布撤销原判. * We were overruled by the majority. 我们的意见被多数人否决了.

overrun
[7EuvE'rQn; 7ovl'rQn] v (pt overran[-'rn;-'rAn] , pp overrun) 1 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] spread over and occupy (a place) in great numbers 扩展并占领（一地）: * a country overrun by enemy troops 被敌军占领的国家 * a warehouse overrun by rats 老鼠肆虐的货栈. 2 [I, Tn] continue beyond or exceed (a time allowed, etc) 超过, 超越（时限等）: * The lecturer overran by ten minutes. 演讲人超过规定时间十分钟. * The news programme overran the allotted time. 新闻节目超出了规定的时间.

overseas
[7EuvE'si:z; 5ovl'siz] adj (at, to, from, etc places or countries) across the sea; foreign （在、 向、 来自等）海外的, 国外的: * ,overseas `trade 海外贸易 * an,overseas `broadcast 对外广播 * overseas students in Britain 在英国的外国留学生. 派生： overseas adv across the sea; abroad 到海外; 在国外: go, live, travel, etc overseas 到海外去、 生活、 旅行等.

oversee
[7EuvE'si:; 7ovl'si] v (pt oversaw[-'sC:; -'sC] , pp overseen[-'si:n; -'sin] ) [Tn] watch over and control (sb/sth); supervise 监督, 监视（某人[某事物]）: * You must employ someone to oversee the project. 你得雇个人监督这一工程. 派生： overseer[5EuvEsiE(r); 5ovl7sir] n person whose job is to take charge of work and see that it is properly done 监工; 监督者: * the production overseer 生产监督 * The overseer was explaining the job to young trainees. 监工向年轻的实习工讲解工作情况.

overshadow
[7EuvE'FAdEu; 7ovl'FAdo] v [Tn] 1 cause (sth) to be shaded or to have little light 使（某物）被遮暗; 使阴暗: * a village overshadowed by mountains 被山影笼罩的村庄 * Large oak trees overshadow the garden. 高大的栎树把花园遮得很暗. 2 (fig 比喻) cause (sth) to be unhappy or less happy 使（某事物）令人不快或减少乐趣: * His recent death overshadowed the family gathering. 他最近去世了, 这给家庭聚会蒙上了阴影. 3 (fig 比喻) cause (sb) to seem less important or noticeable 使（某人）相形见绌或黯然失色: * Despite her professional success, she was always overshadowed by her husband. 尽管她事业有成, 但和丈夫相比总觉逊色.

overshoe
[5EuvEFu:; 5ovl7Fu] n rubber or plastic shoe worn over an ordinary shoe for protection against wet, mud, etc 套鞋: * a pair of overshoes 一双套鞋 * She removed her overshoes at the front door. 她在前门脱下了套鞋. Cf 参看 galoshes.

overshoot
[7EuvE'Fu:t; 7ovl'Fut] v (pt, pp overshot[- 5FCt; -`FBt/) [Tn] 1 go further or beyond (a point aimed at) 超过（目标）: * The aircraft overshot the runway. 飞机冲出了跑道. * We overshot the exit for Manchester on the motorway. 我们错过了通往曼彻斯特的高速公路路口. 2 (idm 习语) overshoot the `mark make a mistake as a result of misjudging a person, situation, etc 对某人、 情况等判断错误.

oversight
[5EuvEsait; 5ovl7sait] n (a) [U] unintentional failure to notice sth 疏忽; 失察: * Many errors are caused by oversight. 有很多错误都是因疏忽造成的. (b) [C] example of this 疏忽; 失察: * Through an unfortunate oversight your letter was left unanswered. 因不慎疏忽未能给你覆信.

oversleep
[7EuvE'sli:p; 5ovl'slip] v (pt, pp overslept[- 5slept; -`slZpt/) [I] sleep longer or later than one intended 睡得太久; 睡过头: * I'm afraid I overslept and missed my usual bus. 很遗憾我睡过头了, 误了我通常坐的那班公共汽车.

overspill
[5EuvEspil; 5ovl7spil] n [U] (esp Brit) people from the overcrowded parts of a city, etc who are provided with housing, usu of a better standard, in the surrounding areas 迁出市区的过剩人口（通常为他们提供附近较好的住房）: * build new houses for London's overspill 为伦敦市过剩人口建新居 * [attrib 作定语] an overspill housing development 城市过剩人口住房开发.

overstaffed
[7EuvE'sta:ft; - -stAft; 7ovl'stAft] adj (of an office, etc) having more members of staff than are needed for the work to be done （指办公室等）超编的, 人浮於事的: * No wonder the firm makes a loss; the office is terribly overstaffed. 难怪公司亏损, 办公室严重超编. Cf 参看 overmanned, understaffed.

overstate
[7EuvE'steit; 5ovl'stet] v [Tn] express or state (sth) too strongly; exaggerate 夸大（某事）; 言过其实: * Don't overstate your case or no one will believe you. 不要夸大自己的情况, 要不没人相信你的话. * The problems have been greatly overstated. 问题过於夸大了. 派生： overstatement[5EuvEsteitmEnt; 5ovl'stetmEnt] n 1 [U] action of overstating; exaggeration 夸大; 言过其实. 2 [C] exaggerated statement 夸张的叙述: * a wild overstatement of the facts 对事实过分夸张的叙述.

overstay
[7EuvE'stei; 5ovl'ste] v 1 [Tn] stay longer than (a period of time) 呆得超过（某期限）: * We've already overstayed our visit to Aunt Sophie. 我们看望索菲姨妈逗留的时间太长了. 2 (idm 习语) outstay/overstay one's welcome => welcome.

overstep
[7EuvE'step; 7ovl'step] v (-pp-) [Tn] 1 go beyond (what is normal or permitted) 超越（正常或容许的范围）: * overstep one's authority 越权. * overstep the bounds of modesty 谦逊过头. 2 (idm 习语) overstep the `mark do or say more than one should or more than is wise or acceptable; go too far 做得或说得过分; 超出限度: * It's surely overstepping the mark to behave so rudely to your guests. 你对客人如此粗鲁真太离谱了.

overstock
[7EuvE'stCk; 7ovl'stak] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) supply sth with too large a stock 向某处供给过多的存货: * a shop overstocked with out-of-date furniture 存有过多过时家具的商店 * overstock a farm with cattle, ie with more cattle than there is food or space for 使农场的牛存栏过多（饲料或空间不足）.

overstrung
adj 1[7EuvE'strQN; 5ovl'strQN] (of a person) too sensitive and nervous; easily excited（指人）太敏感而紧张的, 易激动的 : * She was tense and overstrung before the performance. 她在演出前过於紧张. 2[5EuvEstrQN; 5ovl'strQN] (of a piano) with strings in sets crossing each other at an oblique angle （指钢琴）琴弦斜向交叉的.

overt
[5EuvE:t; - Eu'vE:rt; o'vEt] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (fml 文) done or shown openly or publicly; not secret or hidden 公开的; 不隐秘的: * overt hostility 公开的敌意. Cf 参看 covert. > overtly adv (fml 文): * overtly critical of his work 公开批评他的作品.

overtake
[7EuvE'teik; 7ovl'tek] v (pt overtook[-'tuk;-'tuk] pp overtaken[-'teikEn; -'tekEn] ) 1 [I, Tn] come level with and pass (esp a moving person or vehicle) 追上, 超越（尤指运动着的人或车）: * It's dangerous to overtake on a bend. 在转弯处超车十分危险. * overtake other cars on the road 在路上超越其他汽车 * ( fig 比喻) Supply will soon overtake demand, ie There will soon be more of sth than is needed. 供很快就要过於求. *Italy's economy has overtaken that of its nearest competitors.意大利的经济已超过其最接近的几个竞争者. 2 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (of unpleasant events) come to (sb/sth) suddenly and unexpectedly（指不愉快的事情）突然降临（某人[某事物]）: * be overtaken by/with fear, surprise, etc 不胜恐惧、 惊奇等 * be overtaken by events, ie by circumstances changing so rapidly that plans, etc become out of date 受意外事情影响（情况剧变以致计画过时等） * Disaster overtook the project. 工程为突发灾难所阻. * On his way home he was overtaken by a storm. 他在回家的路上遭遇暴风雨.

overtax
[7EuvE'tAks; 5ovl'tAks] v [Tn] 1 (fml 文) put too great a strain on (sb/sth)使（某人[某事物]）负担过重、 受过重压力 : * overtax one's strength 用力过度 * overtax sb's patience 使某人失去耐性. 2 make (sb) pay too much tax; tax too heavily 对（某人）课税过重: * If you have been overtaxed you will get a tax rebate, ie money will be paid back to you. 若被课税过重, 可得到退还的税款.

overthrow
[7EuvE'WrEu; 7ovl'Wro] v (pt overthrew[- 5Wru:; -`Wru/, pp overthrown[-'WrEun; -'Wron] ) [Tn] cause the downfall or defeat of (sb/sth); put an end to 推翻, 打倒（某人[某事物]）; 使终止或结束: * The rebels tried to overthrow the government. 叛乱者企图推翻政府. overthrow[5EuvEWrEu; 5ovl7Wro] n 1 [C usu sing 通常作单数] act of overthrowing; defeat推翻; 打倒; 终止; 结束: * the overthrow of the monarchy 君主政体的覆灭 * the attempted overthrow of the tyrant 推翻暴君的尝试. 2 [C] (in cricket) throw of the ball by a fielder which goes too far, esp when this results in an extra score for the batsman （板球中）守场员掷球过远（尤指导致击球员得分者）.

overtime
[5EuvEtaim; 5ovl7taim] n [U] adv (time spent at work) after the usual working hours 加班; 加班时间; 在加班时间内; 超时地: * working overtime 加班工作 * be paid extra for overtime 因加班获额外付酬 * [attrib 作定语] overtime payments 加班费 * be on overtime, ie working overtime 加班工作.

overtone
[5EuvEtEun; 5ovl7ton] n (usu pl 通常作复数) something suggested or implied in addition to what is actually stated; hint 暗示; 含义; 弦外之音: * overtones ofdespair in a letter 信中字里行间的绝望之意 * threatening overtones in his comments 他在评论中的威胁意味. Cf 参看 undertone.

overture
[5EuvEtjuE(r); 5ovl7tFur] n 1 [C usu pl 通常作复数] ~ (to sb) (fml 文) friendly approach, proposalor offer made (to sb) with the aim of starting discussions（向某人做出的）友好表示、 姿态或提议: * overtures of peace to the enemy 向敌方提议和谈 * make overtures of friendship to the new neighbours 对新邻居表示友好. 2 [C] piece of music written as an introduction to an opera, a ballet, a musical play, etc （歌剧、 芭蕾舞、 音乐剧等的）序曲, 前奏曲: * The audience must be in their seats before the overture. 观众务必於序曲演奏前入座.

overturn
[7EuvE'tE:n; 7ovl'tEn] v 1 [I, Tn] (cause sb/sth to) turn over or upside-down; upset （使某人[某物]）翻转, 颠倒, 倾覆, 翻倒: * The boat overturned. 船翻了. * He overturned the boat. 他把船弄翻了. * (fig 比喻)The Labour candidate overturned the previous Conservativemajority of 4000. 工党候选人击败了保守党人前次多获4000票的优势而获胜. * (fig 比喻) The House of Lords overturned (ie reversed) the decision by the House of Commons. 上议院撤销了下议院的决定. 2 [Tn] cause the downfall of (esp a government); overthrow 使垮台（尤指政府）; 推翻: * overturn the military regime 推翻军政权.

overview
[5EuvEvju:; 5ovl7vju] n (fml 文) short general description (without unnecessary details); survey综览; 概观; 概述: * an overview of the company's plans for the next year 公司下年度计画概述.

overweening
[7EuvE'wi:niN; 5ovl'winiN] adj [attrib 作定语] (fml 文) showing too much self-confidence or conceit 过於自信的; 自负的; 傲慢的: * overweening ambition, vanity, pride etc 自负的雄心、 虚荣、 骄傲等.

overweight
[7EuvE'weit; 5ovl'wet] adj 1 heavier than is usual or allowed 超重的; 过重的: * If your luggage is overweight you'll have to pay extra. 行李超重需额外付费. * Your suitcase is five kilograms overweight. 你的衣箱超重五公斤. 2 (of people) too heavy; fat （指人）体重超常的, 肥胖的: * an ,overweight `child 过胖的孩子 * I'm overweight by 2kg according to my doctor. 据医生说, 我超重2公斤. * He's very overweight. 他很胖. Cf 参看 underweight. =>Usage at fat1 用法见fat1. 派生： overweighted[7EuvE'weitid; 5ovl'wetid] adj ~ (with sth) ( fml 文) carrying too much (of sth) 超载的; 载物太多的: * overweighted with packages 因包裹过重而超载的 * (fig 比喻) Her lecture was overweighted with quotations. 她的演讲引文太多.

overwhelm
[7EuvE'welm; - -'hwelm; 7ovl'hwelm] v [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] (a) cover (sth/sb) completely by flowing over or pouring down on it/him; submerge suddenly （以浇或灌的方式）淹没（某物[某人]）; 使突然没入或浸入: * overwhelmed by a flood 被洪水淹没的 * A great mass of water overwhelmed the village. 大水淹没了村庄. * (fig 比喻) be overwhelmed with grief, sorrow, despair, etc 陷入悲哀、 悲痛、 绝望等之中 * (fig 比喻) Overwhelmed with gratitude, he fell to his knees. 他感激万分, 跪倒地上. (b) overpower (sb/sth), esp by force of numbers; defeat 压倒, 制服（某人[某事物]）（尤指以数量胜）; 击败: * be overwhelmed by the enemy/by superior forces 被敌军[优势兵力]击溃. 派生：overwhelming adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] too great to resist or overcome; very great 压倒一切的; 势不可挡的; 无法抗拒的; 巨大的: an overwhelming urge to smoke 不可遏止的吸烟冲动 * an overwhelming victory 极大的胜利 * the overwhelming majority of people, ie themajority by a great number 压倒性多数. overwhelminglyadv: overwhelmingly successful, generous 极为成功、 慷慨.

overwork
[7EuvE'wE:k; 5ovl'wEk] v 1 [I, Tn] (cause a person or an animal to) work too hard or too long （使人或动物）工作过劳或时间过长: * You'll become ill if you continue to overwork. 你这样劳累下去就要病了. * overwork a horse 使马疲劳过度. 2 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] use (a word, etc) too much (and so weaken its importance or effectiveness) 滥用（词等）（因而削弱词义的力量）: * an overworked phrase, metaphor, expression, etc 因使用频繁而失去原有力量的短语、 比喻、 固定词组等 * `Situation' is a word that is greatly overworked. ‘情况’一词因使用过多而失去了准确性. 派生： overwork[5EuvEwE:k; 5ovl'wEk] n [U] working too hard or too long 工作过劳或时间过长: * ill through overwork 积劳成疾 * stress caused by overwork 工作过累造成的紧张.

overwrought
[7EuvE'rC:t; 5ovl'rCt] adj in a state of nervous excitement, anxiety, etc; tense and upset 神经紧张的; 忧虑的; 烦恼的: * She was in a very overwrought state after the accident. 事故发生後她精神十分紧张. * She didn't mean to offend you; she was overwrought. 她无意得罪你, 她是情绪不好.

oviduct
[5EuvidQkt; 5ovi7dQkt] n = Fallopian tube.

oviparous
[Eu'vipErEs; o'vipErEs] adj (biology 生) (of fish, birds, reptiles, etc) producing eggs that hatch outside the body （指鱼、 鸟、 爬虫等）卵生的.

ovoid
[5EuvCid; 5ovCid] adj, n (fml 文) egg-shaped (object)卵形的; 卵形物 : * large ovoid pebbles 大鹅卵石.

ovulate
[5Cvjuleit; 5avjE7let] v [I] (medical or biology 医或生) produce or discharge an ovum from an ovary 排卵; 产卵: * Women who do not ovulate regularly have difficulty in becoming pregnant. 妇女排卵期不正常就不易受孕. > ovulation[7Cvju'leiFn; 7avjE'leFEn] n [U]: * She is taking a drug to stimulate ovulation. 她现正服药使排卵正常.

ovum
[5EuvEm; 5ovEm] n (pl ova[5EuvE; 5ovE] ) (biology 生) female egg-cell capable of developing into a new individual when fertilized by male sperm 卵; 卵子; 卵细胞. =>illus at female 见female插图. Cf 参看 ovary.

owe
[Eu; o] v 1 (a) [Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.n Dn.pr] ~ (sb) for sth; ~ sth (to sb) (for sth) be in debt to (sb) (for goods, etc) 欠（某人）债（因货物等）: * He still owes (us) for the goods he received last month. 他上月收到货物, 现在还欠着（我们）款呢. * He owes (his father) 50. 他欠（他父亲）50英镑. * He owes 50 to his father. 他欠他父亲50英镑. (b) [Dn.pr] ~ sth to sb/sth recognize sb/sth as the cause or source of sth; be indebted to sb/sth for sth 将某事物归因、 归源或归功於某人[某事物]: * He owes his success more to luck than to ability. 他认为他的成功是靠运气而不是因为自己有能力. * We owe this discovery to Newton. 我们的这一发现归功於牛顿. 2 [Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth to sb (a) be under an obligation to sb; give sth as a duty to sb 对某人有义务; 对某人尽责: * owe loyalty to a political party, one's union, the company, etc 对某政党、 联盟、 公司等效忠. (b) feel gratitude (to sb) in return for a service, favour, etc （对某人）感激, 感恩: * I owe my teachers and parents a great deal. 我深深感激师长与父母. * I owe a lot to my wife and children. 我很感激我的妻子和孩子. 3 (idm 习语) the world owes one a living =>world.

owing
[5EuiN; 5oiN] adj [pred 作表语] (esp of money that has been earned, lent or promised) not yet paid （尤指挣的、 借的或允诺的钱）未付, 欠着: * 5 is still owing. 仍欠5英镑. 复合： owing to prep because of or on account of (sth) 由於; 因为: Owing to the rain, the match was cancelled. 比赛因雨取消了. =>Usage at due1 用法见due1.

owl
[aul; aul] n 1 bird of prey that flies at night and feeds on small animals, eg mice, and is traditionally regarded as a symbol of wisdom , 猫头鹰（传统上认为是聪明的象徵）. 2 (idm 习语) wise as an owl =>wise. 派生： owlet[5aulit; 5aulit] n young owl 幼 ; 小猫头鹰. owlish adj of or like an owl; (trying to look) solemn and wise （似）猫头鹰的; （装得）严肃而聪明的: Her new glasses make her look rather owlish. 她戴着新眼镜看上去很文气. owlishly adv: owlishly earnest 严肃认真的.

own
1[Eun; on] det, pron 1 (used after possessives to emphasize the idea of personal possession or the individual character of sth 用於所有格後, 强调某事物的个人所有或私人性质) belonging to oneself, itself, ourselves, etc 属於自己的: * I saw it with my own eyes, ie I didn't hear about it from someone else. 那是我亲眼所见. * It was her own idea. 那是她自己的想法. * This is my own house/This house is my own, ie not rented, etc. 这是我的房子[这房子是我的]. * Use your own pen; I need mine. 用你自己的钢笔吧, 我的笔我还要用呢. * Our children have grown up and have children of their own. 我们的孩子都大了, 而且也有了自己的孩子了. * I wish I had my (very) own room, ie didn't have to share one, borrow one, etc. 但愿我有自己的房间. * Your day off is your own, ie You can spend it as you wish. 你的假日是你自己的（可以自由支配）. * For reasons of his own (ie particular reasons that perhaps only he knew about), he refused to join the club. 他因个人原因拒不参加那个俱乐部. 2 (used to indicate the idea of personal activity) done or produced by and for oneself （用以表示个人活动的概念）自己做的, 为自己的: * She makes all her own clothes. 她的衣服都是自己做的. * I can cook my own meals. 我能做自己的饭. * It's unwise to try to be your own lawyer. 自己给自己当律师是不明智的. 3 (idm 习语) come into one's own receive the credit, recognition, fame, etc one deserves获得应有的荣誉、 承认、 名声等: * This car really comes into its own on rough ground. 这辆汽车在颠簸的路上才真正显示出它独特的性能. * She really comes into her own when someone is ill. 有人生病时才真正看出她的为人. hold one's `own (against sb/sth) (in sth) (a) maintain one's position against attack, etc; not be defeated坚守立场（抵抗攻击等）; 不被击败: * She can certainly hold her own against anybody in an argument. 她在辩论中决不会输给任何人.

own1
(b) not lose strength 支撑得住: * The patient is holding her own although she is still very ill. 她虽然病重, 却仍在支撑着. of one's `own belonging to oneself and no one else 属於自己的: * He'd like a car of his own. 他喜欢有辆自己的汽车. * Children need toys of their own. 儿童需要有自己的玩具. (all) on one's `own (a) alone 独自: * I'm all on my own today. 今天我是独自一人. * She liveson her own. 她独自过日子. (b) without help or supervision; alone 独力地; 单独地: * He can be left to work on his own. 工作可交给他一个人去做. * Although her father is in the firm she got the job on her own. 尽管她父亲在公司里, 但她那份工作却是靠自己得到的. (c) (infml 口) excellent; exceptional 出色的; 非凡的; 卓越的: * When it comes to craftsmanship, Sally is on her own, ie is better than anyone. 说到手艺, 萨莉是独一无二的. =>Usage at alone 用法见alone. get/have one's `own back (on sb) (infml 口) have one's revenge 报复: * After the fight the defeated boxer swore he'd get his own back (on his rival). 那场拳赛後败北者发誓要（向对手）报仇雪恨. 复合： ,own `brand class of goods in a shop marked with the name of the shop or store instead of that of the manufacturer 本店商标货物（以自己店名代替厂家商标者）: [attrib 作定语] Own brand goods are often cheaper. 有本店商标的货物往往比较便宜. ,own `goal goal scored by a member of a team against his own side 本队队员射入己方的球（对方得分）.

owner
[5EunE(r); 5onl] n person who owns sth 物主; 某物的所有者: * the owner of a black Mercedes 一辆黑色奔驰（亦称平治）牌汽车车主 * the dog's owner 狗的主人 * Who's the owner of this house? 谁是这房子的房主? 派生： ownerless adj having no owner or no known owner 无主的: ownerless dogs 无主的狗 * wrecked ownerless cars 毁坏的无主的汽车. ownership n [U] state of being an owner; (right of) possession 物主的身分; 所有权: The ownership of the land is disputed. 那土地的所有权有争议. * Ownership of property involves great expense. 有房地产就要有很大开销. * The restaurant is under new ownership. 那餐馆已易新主. 复合： ,owner-`driver n person who owns the car he drives 自己开车的车主. ,owner-`occupied adj (of a house, etc) lived in by the owner (not rented to sb else) （指房子等）主人自住的: Most of the houses in this street are owner-occupied. 这条街上多数房子都是自用的. ,owner-`occupier n person who owns the house he lives in 住自己房子的房主.

ox
[Cks; aks] n (pl oxen[5Cksn; 5aksn] ) 1 fully grown bullock used (esp formerly) for pulling carts, farm machinery, etc or for food （去势的）大公牛（尤指旧时供役使或食用的）. Cf 参看 bull, steer2. 2 (esp pl 尤作复数) (dated 旧) any domestic cow or bull （饲养的）牛（母牛或未阉割的公牛）. Cf 参看 cattle. 复合： `oxtail n tail of an ox, used for making soup, etc 牛尾（用以做汤等）: [attrib 作定语] oxtail soup 牛尾汤.

Oxbridge
[5CksbridV; 5aks7bridV] n (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) (invented name for) Oxford and/or Cambridge (contrasted with newer British universities) （创造的名词）牛津剑桥（牛津大学和[或]剑桥大学, 以别於英国其他大学）: * You don't have to go to Oxbridge to receive a good university education. 不上牛津剑桥也可获得良好的大学教育. Cf 参看 redbrick (red).

Oxfam
[5CksfAm; 5aks7fAm] abbr 缩写 = Oxford Committee for Famine Relief 牛津 荒救济委员会（也译乐施会）: * a concert in aid of Oxfam 赞助牛津 救会的音乐会.

oxide
[5Cksaid; 5aksaid] n [C, U] (chemistry 化) compoundof oxygen and one other substance 氧化物: * iron oxide 氧化铁 * oxide of tin 氧化锡. 派生：oxidation[7Cksi'deiFEn; 7aksE'deFEn] (also oxidization,-isation[7Cksidai'zeiFn; - -di'z-; 7aksEdi'zeFEn] ) n action or process of oxidizing 氧化. oxidize, -ise[5Cksidaiz; 5aksE7daiz] v [I, Tn] (a) (cause sth to) combine with oxygen （使某物）氧化. Cf 参看 reduce 6. (b) (cause sth to) become rusty （使某物）生.

Oxon
[5Cksn; 5aksan] abbr 缩写 = 1 (esp in addresses) Oxfordshire (Latin Oxonia) （尤用於地址中）牛津郡（源自拉丁文Oxonia）. 2 (esp in degree titles) of Oxford University (Latin Oxoniensis) （尤用於学衔中）牛津大学的（源自拉丁文Oxoniensis）: * Alice Tolley MA (Oxon) 艾丽斯喹托利（牛津大学）文学硕士. Cf 参看 Cantab.

oxy
acetylene

oxygen
[5CksidVEn; 5aksEdVEn] n [U] chemical element, a gas without colour, taste or smell, present in the air and necessary for all forms of life on earth氧; 氧气: * There was a shortage of oxygen at the top of the mountain. 该山顶上缺氧. * She died from lack of oxygen. 她缺氧致死. =>App 10 见附录10. 派生： oxygenate[-eit; -7et] (also oxygenize, -ise[-aiz; -7aiz] ) v [Tn] supply, treat or mix (sth) with oxygen 供（某物）氧; 用氧处理（某物）; 使（某物）与氧混合. 复合： `oxygen mask mask placed over the nose and mouth through which a person can breathe oxygen, eg in an aircraft or hospital 氧气面具; 氧气罩: Oxygen masks are used in aircraft only in emergencies. 飞机上的氧气面具只用於紧急情况. `oxygen tent small tent or canopy placed over the head and shoulders of a sick person who needs an extra supply of oxygen 氧幕; 氧气帐: They placed the child in an oxygen tent when he had difficulty in breathing. 那孩子呼吸困难时, 他们把他放进氧幕里.

oyez
[Eu'jez; 5ojez] (also oyes/Eu'jes; 5ojes] ) interj (cry meaning `listen' shouted three times (esp formerly) by a town crier or by an official in a lawcourt to demand silence and attention ‘肃静’的喊声（连喊叁次）, （尤指旧时）街头公告员或法庭中的官员的呼喊).

oyster
[5CistE(r); 5Cistl] n 1 shellfish (used as food and usu eaten uncooked) some types of which produce pearls inside their shells 牡蛎, （常生吃）: * fresh oysters 新鲜牡蛎 * [attrib 作定语] oyster stew 炖牡蛎. =>illus at shellfish 见shellfish插图. 2 (idm 习语) the world is one's/sb's oyster => world. 复合： `oyster bed place on the bottom of the sea where oysters breed or are bred for food or for producing pearls 牡蛎养殖场. `oyster-catcher n type of black and white wading sea-bird which catches and eats oysters 蛎鹬.

ozone
[5EuzEun; 5ozon] n [U] (a) form of oxygen with a sharp and refreshing smell 臭氧. (b) (infml 口) pure refreshing air as at the seaside （海边等的）清新空气: * Just breathe in that ozone! 吸吸那种新鲜空气吧! 复合： `ozone layer layer of ozone high above the earth's surface that helps to protect the earth from harmful ultraviolet rays from the sun 臭氧层.

P, p
[pi:; pi] n (pl P's, p's/pi:z; piz] ) 1 the sixteenth letter of the English alphabet 英语字母表的第十六个字母: * `Philip' begins with (a) P/`P'. Philip一字以P字母开始. 2 (idm 习语) mind one's p's and q's => mind2.

pa
[pa:; pa] n (infml 口) father 爸; 爸爸.

pace
1[peis; pes] n 1 [C] (length of a) single step in walking or running （走或跑的）一步, 一步的距离: * only a few paces away 仅数步之外 * She took two paces forward/She advanced two paces. 她向前走了两步. 2 [sing] (a) speed, esp of walking or running 速度（尤指走或跑的）: * at a good, fast, slow, walking, etc pace 以很快的、 快的、 慢的、 步行的...速度 * quicken one's pace 加速步伐 * She slowed down her pace so I could keep up with her. 她放慢脚步好让我跟上她. * (fig 比喻) He gave up his job in advertising because he couldn't stand the pace, ie found the pressure of work too great. 他放弃了做广告的工作, 因为工作节奏太快, 他受不了. (b) [U] rate of progress or development, esp of an activity 进步或发展的速度; （尤指）活动的速度: * the pace of change in the electronics industry 电子工业的发展速度 * This novel lacks pace, ie Its plot develops too slowly. 这部小说的节奏太慢. 3 (idm 习语) at a snail's pace => snail. force the pace => force2. keep pace (with sb/sth) move forward, develop or increase at the same rate (as sb/sth) （与某人[某事物]）并驾齐驱, 齐头并进: * He was so unfit he couldn't keep pace (with us). 他身体很不好, 跟不上（我们）. * It's important for a firm to keep pace with changes in the market. 对一个公司来说, 能跟上市场的发展是很重要的. * Are wages keeping pace with inflation? 工资的增长跟得上通货膨涨的速度吗? put sb/sth through his/its `paces test the ability or quality of sb/sth 考验、 试验某人[某事物]的能力或质量: * The new recruits were put through their paces. 新兵正接受考验. * put a new car through its paces 试验新汽车的性能. ,set the `pace run, walk, etc at a (usu fast) speed which others try to follow 定速度（使他人跟从）: * (fig 比喻) This company is setting the pace (ie is the most successful) in the home computer market. 这家公司在国内计算机市场上是先行者.

pace1
复合： `pacemaker n (a) (also `pace-setter) runner, rider or driver in a race who moves at a (usu fast) speed which others try to follow （速度赛中）定速度者（使其他参赛者跟从）: (fig 比喻) That firm was the pace-setter in car design for many years, ie introduced new ideas which were copied by others. 那家公司在汽车设计上多年来一直领先. (b) electronic device placed on the heart to make weak or irregular heartbeats stronger or more regular （心脏）起搏器.

pachyderm
[5pAkidE:m; 5pAkE7dEm'] n any of varioustypes of thick-skinned, four-footed animal, eg an elephant or a rhinoceros 厚皮兽（如象或犀牛）.

pacific
[pE'sifik; pE'sifik] adj (fml 文) making or loving peace; peaceful 和解的; 求和的; 爱和平的; 和平的. > pacifically[-kli; -kli] adv.

pacifism
[5pAsifizEm; 5pAsE7fizEm] n [U] belief that all war is morally wrong and that disputes should be settled by peaceful means 和平主义; 反战主义. 派生： pacifist[-ist; -ist] n person who believes in pacifism (and who therefore refuses to fight in a war) 和平主义者; 反战主义者. Cf 参看 conscientious objector (conscientious).

pacify
[5pAsifai; 5pAsE7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn] 1 calm or soothe the anger or distress of (sb) 使（某人）安静,息怒; 抚慰: * He tried to pacify his creditors by repaying part of the money. 他为安抚债权人偿还了部分借款. 2 establish peace in (an area, a country, etc where there is war) 在（有战争的地区、 国家等）实现和平. 派生： pacification[7pAsifi'keiFn; 7pAsEfE'keFEn] n [U] pacifying or being pacified 平定; 平息; 安抚; 绥靖: * the pacification of the rebel states 对发动叛乱的州的平定. pacifier n (US) = dummy 3.

pack
1[pAk; pAk] n 1 [C] (a) number of things wrapped or tied together for carrying, esp on the back 包, 包裹（尤指背负的）: * The tramp carried his belongings in a pack on his back. 那个流浪者把所有的东西捆成一包背在背上. (b) bag, usu of canvas or leather, fitted with straps for carrying on the back 背包. Cf 参看 backpack, haversack, rucksack. 2 [C] small paper or cardboard container in which goods are packed for selling; packet 小纸盒; 小硬纸板箱; 小纸包: * a six-pack of beer, ie six cans of beer wrapped and sold together 半打装啤酒 * (esp US) a pack of cigarettes 一包香烟. =>Usage at packet 用法见packet. 3 [CGp] (a) group of wild animals that hunt together （野兽的）一群: * Wolves hunt in packs. 狼总是成群猎食. (b) group of dogs kept for hunting, esp with horses （猎狗的）一群（尤指骑马狩猎用者）: * a pack of hounds 一群猎狗. (c) organized group of Cub Scouts or Brownies （童子军的）一队: * a `Brownie pack 一队女童子军. (d) the forwards of a Rugby football team （一支橄榄球队的）全体前锋. 4 [CGp] ~ (of sb/sth) (derog 贬) number of people or things (used esp in the expressions shown) （指人、 物的）一帮, 一伙, 一堆（尤用於以下示例）: * a pack of fools/thieves 一伙傻瓜[小偷] * a pack of lies 一派谎言. 5 [C] (US deck) complete set of 52 playing-cards （纸牌的）一副（为52张）. 6 [C] (only in compounds 仅用以构成复合词) thing placed on a part of the body for a period of time, such as a layer of cream or paste for cleansing the skin of the face or a bag of ice for soothing a burn 一时敷於身体之物（如润面霜、 冰袋）: * a `face-pack * an `ice-pack. 复合： `pack-animal n animal used for carrying things, eg a horse, mule or camel 力畜, 役畜（如马、 骡、 骆驼）. `pack-ice n [U] large mass of ice floating in the sea, formed from smaller pieces which have frozen together 海上的大堆浮冰.

pack1
`pack-saddle n saddle with straps for holding packs驮鞍. `packthread n [U] strong thread for sewing or tying up packs （缝包或打包用的）捆扎线, 粗线, 打包绳.

package
[5pAkidV; 5pAkidV] n 1 (a) object or objects wrapped in paper or packed in a box; parcel 用纸包裹或用箱、 盒所盛之物; 包裹: * The postman brought me a large package. 邮递员给我送来了一个大包裹. (b) box, etc in which things are packed 盒、 箱等包装用物. 2 (US) = packet. =>Usage at packet 用法见packet. 3 (also `package deal) set of proposals offered or accepted as a whole 整批交易; 一揽子交易: * Ministers are trying to put together a package that will end the dispute. 大臣们力图搞个一揽子交易结束这场争论. 派生： package v [Tn] make (sth) into or put (sth) in a package, eg for selling 将（某物）包装（如为出售）: Their products are always attractively packaged. 他们的产品总是包装得非常精美. packaging n [U] (design and manufacture of) materials for packing goods 包装材料; 包装材料的设计与生产. =>Usage at packet 用法见packet. 复合： `package store (US) = off-licence. `package holiday, `package tour holiday/tour organized by a travel agent, for which one pays a fixed price that includes the cost of transport, accommodation, etc 一切由旅行社代办而费用固定的假日旅游.

packet
[5pAkit; 5pAkit] n 1 [C] (a) (US usu 美式英语通常作 package) small paper or cardboard container in which goods are packed for selling （包装商品的）小包, 小盒, 小袋: * a packet of biscuits, cigarettes, tea, etc 一小包饼乾、 香烟、 茶叶等. (b) small package or parcel 用小包、 小箱、 小盒所盛之物; 小包裹. 2 [sing] (infml 口) large amount of money (used esp in the expressions shown) 大笔款项（尤用於以下示例）: * make (ie earn) a packet 挣一大笔钱 * cost (sb) a packet 花（某人）一大笔钱. 3 [C] (also `packet-boat) boat that carries mail and passengers on a fixed short route （短途）定期邮船, 班轮. 4 (idm 习语) cop a packet => cop2. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Some things in shops are sold in packets (US pack) 商店中某些商品以packet（小包装）形式出售（美式英语用pack）: a packet of sweets, crisps, cigarettes 小包的糖果、 炸土豆片、 香烟 * a six-pack of beer 半打装啤酒. Note that a packet/pack of cigarettes contains some cigarettes but a cigarette packet/pack may be empty. 注意a packet/pack of cigarettes（一盒香烟）有一定数量的香烟, 而a cigarette packet/pack（一个香烟盒）可能是空的. A parcel (US also package) is something wrapped, often in brown paper, so that it can be sent by post. *parcel（美式英语亦作package）指包起来（常指用牛皮纸包裹）邮寄的物品: The postman rang the bell because he had a parcel/package to deliver. 邮递员按门铃叫门投递包裹. A package in British English is usually carried and not sent. 英式英语中package通常指携带的而不是寄送的包裹. Packaging is the material used to wrap and protect products sold in shops or sent through the post. *packaging是指商店售出商品或邮递物品的包装材料.

packing
[5pAkiN; 5pAkiN] n [U] 1 process of packing goods （货物）包装, 包装法. 2 material used for packing (esp fragile objects) 包装材料; （尤指）包装易碎物品的材料: * pay extra for postage and packing, ie when ordering goods by post 另付邮费和包装费. 复合： `packing-case n wooden box or case used for storing or transporting goods 装货木箱.

pact
[pAkt; pAkt] n agreement (between people, groups,countries, etc); treaty （人、 团体、 国家等间的）契约, 协议, 条约, 公约: * They made a pact not to tell anyone. 他们 约定好绝不告诉任何人. * a non-aggression pact 互不侵犯条约.

pad
1[pAd; pAd] n 1 thick piece of soft material used to protect sth from rubbing, jarring or blows, to improve the shape or increase the size of sth, or to absorb liquid 垫料; 垫块: * put a pad of cotton wool and gauze over a wound 在伤口上敷脱脂棉和纱布 * `shoulder pads, ie to give shape to a jacket or dress 垫肩（衣服的）. 2 (usu pl 通常作复数) piece of flexible padded material worn in certain sports (esp cricket) to protect the legs and ankles （在某些运动中保护胫和踝的）护垫（尤指板球运动用的）: * `shin pads, ie worn by footballers, etc to protect the shins 护腿（足球运动员的）. =>illus at cricket见cricket插图. 3 number of sheets of writing-paper or drawing-paper fastened together at one edge 便笺本; 拍纸簿: * a `writing pad 拍纸簿. 4 = `ink-pad. 5 soft fleshy under-part of the foot of certain animals, eg dogs, foxes （某些动物的）肉趾（如狗、 狐的）. 6 flat surface from which spacecraft are launched or helicopters take off 航天器发射台; 直升飞机升降处: * a `launching pad 发射台. 7 (sl 俚) place where sb lives 住处: * Come back to my pad. 回到我的住处.

paddle
1[5pAdl; 5pAdl] n 1 [C] short oar with a broad blade at one end or both ends, used to move a canoe through the water 短桨, 双叶桨（划独木舟的）. =>illus at canoe 见canoe插图. 2 [sing] act or period of paddling (paddle 1) 划桨; 荡桨. 3 [C] instrument shaped like a paddle, esp one used for beating, mixing or stirring food 桨形工具（尤指用於击打、 混合或搅拌食物的）. 派生： paddle v [Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] 1 (a) move (a canoe) through the water using a paddle 用桨划（独木舟）: We paddled (the canoe) slowly upstream. 我们慢慢地划着（独木舟）逆流而上. (b) row (a boat) with light easy strokes 轻轻地划（船）; 荡桨. 2 (idm 习语) ,paddle one's ,own `canoe (infml 口) depend on oneself and no one else; be independent 自力更生; 独立自主. 复合： `paddle-boat n boat moved by a paddle-wheel 明轮船. `paddle-steamer n steam vessel moved by paddle-wheels 明轮汽船. `paddle-wheel n wheel with boards round its rim which make a boat move forwards by pressing against the water as the wheel revolves 明轮; 桨轮.

paddock
[5pAdEk; 5pAdEk] n 1 small field where horses are kept or exercised （放牧和驯马用的）小围场. 2 enclosure at a racecourse or race-track where horses or racing-cars are brought together and paraded before a race （准备参赛的马或车的）检阅场.

paddy
1[5pAdi; 5pAdi] n 1 (also `paddy-field) [C] field where rice is grown 稻田. 2 [U] rice that is still growing or in the husk 稻; 稻谷.

padlock
[5pAdlCk; 5pAd7lak] n detachable lock with a U-shaped bar or chain that fastens through the loop of a staple or ring 挂锁; 扣锁. =>illus at chain 见chain插图. 派生： padlock v [Tn, Tn.pr] fasten (sth) with a padlock 用挂锁锁（某物）: The gate was padlocked. 大门用挂锁锁着. * She padlocked her bike to the railings. 她用挂锁把自行车和栏杆锁在一起.

padre
[5pa:drei; 5padre] n (infml 口) (used esp as a form of address 尤用作称呼语) 1 clergyman in the armed forces 随军牧师: * Good morning, padre! 牧师, 早上好! Cf 参看 chaplain. 2 (Brit) priest or parson 神父; 牧师.

paean
(US pean)[5pi:En; 5piEn] n (fml 文) song of praise or triumph 赞歌; 凯歌: * a paean of praise 赞歌.

paed(o)-
(US ped(o)-) comb form 构词成分 child or children 儿童: paediatrics.

paederasty
= pederasty.

paediatrics
(US pediatrics)[7pi:di'Atriks; 7pidi'Atriks] n [sing v] branch of medicine concerned with children and their illnesses 儿科学. 派生： paediatric (US pediatric) adj relating to paediatrics 儿科学的: a paediatric ward, ie for sick children 儿科病房. paediatrician (US pedi-)[7pi:diE'triFn; 7pidiE'triFEn] n doctor who specializes in paediatrics 儿科医师; 儿科学家.

paedophilia
(US pedo-)[7pi:dE'filiE; 7pidE'filiE] n [U] condition of being sexually attracted to children 恋童癖.

paella
[pai'elE; pa'elE] n [U] Spanish dish of rice, chicken, seafood, vegetables, etc cooked and served in a large shallow pan 西班牙什锦饭（有米、 鸡肉、 海味、 菜蔬等）.

pagan
[5peigEn; 5pegEn] n 1 person who is not a believer in any of the world's chief religions, esp one who is neither a Christian, a Jew nor a Moslem 异教徒（尤指非基督教、 犹太教或回教教徒）. 2 (formerly) person who did not believe in Christianity; heathen （旧时）非基督教徒, 异教徒. Cf 参看 atheist (atheism). 派生： pagan adj of or relating to pagans 异教徒的; 无宗教信仰者的: pagan worship of the sun 异教徒对太阳的崇拜. paganism[-izEm; -izEm] n [U] beliefs and practices of pagans 异教信仰.

page
1[peidV; pedV] n 1 (a) (abbr 缩写 p) one side of a sheet of paper in a book, magazine, etc （书、 杂志等的）页: * read a few pages of a book 看几页书 * You'll find the quotation on page 35. 引文见第35页. (b) this sheet of paper itself （纸的）张: * Several pages have been torn out of the book. 书中有几页撕掉了. 2 episode or period of history that might be written about in a book 可写入书中的历史事件或时期: * a glorious page of English history 英国历史上光荣的一页. 派生： page v [Tn] number the pages of (sth) 标明（某物）的页数.

pageant
[5pAdVEnt; 5pAdVEnt] n 1 public entertainmentconsisting of a procession of people in costume, or an outdoor performance of scenes from history 盛装的游行; 露天演出的历史剧: * (fig 比喻) the pageant of history, ie history as a succession of colourful events 丰富多彩的历史. 2 brilliant display or spectacle 壮丽的场面; 伟观. 派生： pageantry[5pAdVEntri; 5pAdVEntri] n [U] spectacular display 壮丽的展示; 盛况: * all the pageantry of a coronation 加冕盛典.

paginate
[5pAdVineit; 5pAdVE7net] v [Tn] number the pages of (a book, etc) 标明（书等）的页码. 派生： pagination[7pAdVi'neiFn; 7pAdVE'neFEn] n [U] (figures used in) numbering the pages of a book, etc 标记页数（的数字）; 页码.

pagoda
[pE'gEudE; pE'godE] n religious building in India and E Asia, usu a tall tower with several storeys each of which has its own overhanging roof （印度和东亚的）塔, 宝塔.

paid
pt, pp of pay2.

pail
[peil; pel] n (a) bucket 桶: * a pail of water 一桶水. (b) amount contained in this 一桶的量. 派生： pailful[5peilful; 5pel7ful] n amount a pail contains 一桶的量.

paillasse
= palliasse.

pain
[pein; pen] n 1 (a) [U] physical suffering or discomfort caused by injury or disease （肉体上的）疼, 痛, 疼痛: * be in (great) pain （剧）痛 * feel some, no, not much, a lot of, etc pain 感到有些、 不、 不很、 非常...疼 * a cry of pain 疼痛的叫喊 * scream with pain 疼得尖叫 * suffer from acute back pain 患剧烈的背痛 * Her back causes/gives her a lot of pain. 她背痛得厉害. (b) [C] feeling of suffering or discomfort in a particular part of the body 身体某部分的疼痛或不适: * have a pain in one's back, chest, shoulder, etc 背痛、 胸痛、 肩痛 * stomach pains 胃痛. (c) [U] mental suffering or distress （精神上的）痛苦, 苦痛: * His harsh words caused her much pain. 他说话很刺耳, 她听了很不舒服. * the pain of separation 分离的苦痛. 2 [C] (infml 口) annoying or boring person or thing 令人厌烦的人或事物: * She's been complaining again she's a real pain! 她又发牢骚了--真烦人! * We've missed the last bus what a pain! 我们没赶上末班公共汽车--真倒霉! 3 (idm 习语) a pain in the neck (infml 口) annoying or boring person or thing; pain (2) 令人厌烦的人或事物. on/under pain/penalty of sth (fml 文) with the risk of incurring a particular punishment 违则受某种惩罚: * Prisoners were forbidden to approach the fence under pain of death. 犯人严禁接近围栏, 违者格杀勿论. 派生： pain v [Tn no passive 不用於被动语态] cause pain to (sb) 使（某人）痛苦: My foot is still paining me. 我的脚还痛. * It pains me to have to tell you that... 我以沉痛的心情告诉你.... pained adj showing pain or distress 显示痛苦的或难过的: a pained look, expression, glance, etc 痛苦的样子、 表情、 目光等. painful[-fl; -fEl] adj 1 causing or suffering pain 令人疼痛的; 痛苦的; 疼的: * a painful blow on the shoulder 肩上挨的一击很疼 * Her shoulder is still painful. 她的肩还很痛.

pain1
2 causing distress or embarrassment 令人痛苦的; 令人难堪的: * a painful experience, memory 痛苦的经历、 记忆 * His incompetence was painful to witness. 他很无能, 让人看着难受. * It was my painful duty to tell him he was dying. 要我把他即将去世的事告诉他, 这使我十分为难. * Her performance was painful, ie very bad. 她的表演拙劣得令人难堪. 3 difficult or tedious 困难的; 麻烦的; 费事的: * the painful process of stripping the paint off the wall 剥除墙壁漆皮的麻烦事. painfully[-fEli; -fEli] adv: * Her thumb is painfully swollen. 她的大拇指肿痛难忍. * become painfully aware of sth 意识到某事而感到痛苦. painfulness n [U]. painless adj not causing pain or distress 无痛的; 不引起痛苦的: a painless injection 无痛注射. painlessly adv. painlessness n [U]. 复合： `pain-killer n drug that reduces pain 止痛药: She's on (ie taking) pain-killers. 她在服用止痛药.

paint
1[peint; pent] n 1 (a) [U] substance applied to a surface in liquid form to give it colour 涂料: * red, green, yellow, etc paint 红的、 绿的、 黄的等涂料 * give the door two coats of paint, ie put two layers of paint on it 给门油两层漆 * wet paint, eg written on a notice to warn people not to touch it 油漆未乾 * [attrib 作定语] paint marks 带颜色的记号. (b) [U] layer of dried paint on a surface （已乾燥的）涂层, 漆层. 2 paints [pl] (set of) tubes or blocks of paint （一套）管装或块状的颜料: * The artist brought his paints with him. 那画家自带颜料. * a set of oil-paints 一套油画颜料. 3 [U] (usu derog 通常作贬义) cosmetics for applying to the face 化妆品: * She wears far too much paint. 她化妆太浓. 复合： `paintbox n box containing a set of paints 颜料盒. `paintbrush n brush used for applying paint 画笔; 漆刷. `paintwork n [U] painted surface or surfaces 已涂颜料或油漆的表面: The paintwork is in good condition. 漆面良好. * A stone hit the car and damaged the paintwork. 有个石子击到汽车上, 打坏了漆面.

painter
1[5peintE(r); 5pentl] n 1 person whose job is painting buildings, walls, etc 粉刷工; 油漆工: * He is a painter and decorator. 他是油漆装饰工. 2 artist who paints pictures 画家: * a famous painter 名画家.

painting
[5peintiN; 5pentiN] n 1 [U] action or skill of painting sth 涂色; 上油漆; 粉刷; 油漆技巧; 绘画. 2 [C] picture that has been painted 图画: * a painting by Rembrandt 伦勃朗的画 * famous paintings 名画.

Paisley
[5peizli; 5pezli] adj having a detailed pattern of curved petal-shaped figures 佩斯利涡旋纹图案的: * a Paisley tie, dressing-gown, etc 佩斯利涡旋花纹领带、 晨衣等.

pajamas
(esp US) = pyjamas.

pal
[pAl; pAl] n (infml 口) 1 friend 朋友: * We've been pals for years. 我们是多年的朋友. 2 (sometimes ironic 有时作反语) (used as a form of address 用作称呼语) man; fellow 老兄; 老弟; 兄弟: * Now look here, pal, you're asking for trouble! 我说, 兄弟, 你是自找麻烦哪! 派生： pal v (-ll-) (phr v) pal up (with sb) (infml 口) become friendly (with sb) （与某人）结交, 为友. pally[5pAli; 5pAli] adj ~ (with sb) (infml 口) friendly 友好的: * She's become very pally with the boss/They've become very pally (with each other). 她和老板关系非常好了[他们（彼此）非常要好了].

palace
[5pAlis; 5pAlis] n 1 official home of a sovereign, an archbishop or a bishop 宫殿; 皇宫; （大主教的）宅第: * Buckingham Palace 白金汉宫 * The palace (ie A spokesman for the king, queen, etc) has just issued a statement. 王宫发言人刚宣布了一项声明. * [attrib 作定语] a palace spokesman 王宫发言人. 2 any large splendid house 豪华住宅: * Compared to ours their house is a palace. 他们的房子和我们的相比简直太豪华了. 复合： ,palace revo`lution overthrow of a monarch, president, etc by people in positions of power working closely with him 宫廷革命.

palae(o)-
(also esp US pale(o)-) comb form 构词成分 of ancient times; very old 古代的; 非常古老的: palaeolithic * palaeontology.

palaeography
[7pAli'CgrEfi; 7peli'agrEfi] (also esp US paleography[7peil-; 7pel-] ) n [U] study ofancient writing and documents 古文学; 古文书学. > palaeographer (also esp US paleo-)[-grEfE(r);-grEfl] n. palaeographic[7pAliEu'grAfik; 7peliE'grAfik] (also esp US paleo-[7peil-; 7pel-] ) adj.

palaeolithic
[7pAliEu'liWik; 7peliE'liWik] (also esp US paleo-[7peil-; 5pel-] ) adj of or relating to the early part of the Stone Age 旧石器时代的.

palaeontology
[7pAliCn'tClEdVi; 7pelian'talEdVi] (also esp US paleon-[7peil-; 7pel-] ) n [U] study of fossils as a guide to the history of life on earth 古生物学. > palaeontologist (also esp US paleon-)[-EdVIst; -EdVIst/ n.

palatable
[5pAlEtEbl; 5pAlEtEbl] adj (a) pleasant to taste 可口的; 美味的. (b) (fig 比喻) pleasant or acceptable to the mind 合意的; 认可的; 认同的: * The truth is not always very palatable. 事实真相并非尽如人意. > palatably[-bli; -bli] adv.

palatal
[5pAlEtl or, rarely, 罕读作 pE'leitl; 5pAlEtl] adj 1 of the palate 风的. 2 (phonetics 语音) (of a speech sound) made by placing the tongue against or near the palate (usu the hard palate) （指语音）风音的. 派生： palatal n (phonetics 语音) palatal speech sound (eg / j, V, F, dV/) 风音（如/ j/、 /V/、 /F/、 /dV/）.

palate
[5pAlEt; 5pAlit] n 1 roof of the mouth 风: * the hard/soft palate, ie its front/back part 硬风[软风]. =>illus at throat 见throat插图. 2 (usu sing 通常作单数) sense of taste; ability to distinguish one taste from another 味觉; 品味的能力: * a refined palate 精於品味 * have a good palate for fine wine 善於品尝好酒.

palatial
[pE'leiFl; pE'leFEl] adj (a) like a palace 像宫殿的. (b) extremely large or splendid 极大的; 富丽的: * a palatial dining room, hotel, residence 富丽堂皇的餐厅、 旅馆、 居所.

palatinate
[pE'lAtinEt; - -tEnEt; pE'lAtnEt] n area (formerly) ruled over by an earl or a count having some of the privileges of a sovereign 巴拉丁领地（旧时指欧洲享有特权的伯爵的领地）.

palaver
[pE'la:vE(r); --'lv-; pE'lAvl] n [U, sing] 1 (infml derog 口, 贬) fuss or bother, often with a lot of talking 忙乱, 烦恼, 麻烦（常指交涉）: * What a palaver there was about paying the bill! 付帐的事真费口舌呀! 2 (often joc 常作戏谑语) discussion 商量; 商议.

pale
1[peil; pel] adj (-r, -est) 1 (of a person, his face, etc) having little colour; having less colour than usual （指人、 面色等）苍白的, 气色不如平时的: * She has a pale complexion. 她面色苍白. * Are you feeling all right? You look rather pale. 你身体好吗? 你气色不太好. * He went/turned deathly pale at the news. 他得知这一消息後, 吓得面如土色. * pale with anger, fear, shock, etc 气得、 吓得、 震惊得...脸色发白. 2 (a) (of colours) not bright or vivid （指颜色）浅的, 淡的, 暗淡的: * pale blue eyes 淡蓝色的眼睛 * a pale sky 灰蒙蒙的天空. (b) (of light) dim; faint （指光）微弱的, 暗淡的: * the pale light of dawn 晨曦的微光. 派生： pale v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) (at sth) become pale 变苍白: She paled with shock at the news. 她听到那消息大惊失色. 2 (phr v) pale before, beside, etc sth become less important in comparison with sth 相形见绌; 相形失色: Her beauty pales beside her mother's. 她的美貌和她母亲相比就逊色了. * Their other problems paled into insignificance beside this latest catastrophe. 最近发生这一灾祸後, 他们其他的问题都显得无关重要了. palely[5peilli; 5pelli] adv. paleness n [U]. 复合： `pale-face n (derog 贬) (said to have been used by N American Indians 据说为北美印第安人用语) white man 白脸（白种人）.

palette
[5pAlEt; 5pAlit] n thin board on which an artist mixes colours when painting, with a hole for the thumb to hold it by 调色板. 复合： `palette-knife n (a) thin flexible knife used by artists for mixing (and sometimes spreading) oil-paints 调色刀; 画刀. (b) knife with a long flexible round-ended blade used for spreading and smoothing soft substances in cooking 软铲（摊平软食物的炊具）.

palimpsest
[5pAlimpsest; 5pAlimp7sest] n (usu old) manuscript from which the original writing has been removed in order to create space for new writing （通常指旧的）手稿（已除去原文以供书写新内容）.

palindrome
[5pAlindrEum; 5pAlin7drom] n word or phrase that reads the same backwards as forwards, eg madam or nurses run 回文（正读反读皆同的词或词组, 如madam或nurses run）.

paling
[5peiliN; 5peliN] n fence made of pales (pale2 1a) 栅栏; 木栅.

palisade
[7pAli'seid; 7pAlE'sed] n 1 [C] strong fence made of pointed wooden stakes or iron poles, esp one used to defend a building 尖木栅, 铁栅栏（尤指护围建 物的）. 2 palisades [pl] (US) line of steep high cliffs, esp along a river 峭壁（尤指河边的）. 派生： palisade v [Tn] enclose (sth) with a palisade, esp in order to defend it 设栅栏护卫（某物）.

palish
[5peiliF; 5peliF] adj rather pale 稍苍白的.

pall
1[pC:l; pCl] v [I, Ipr] ~ (on sb) become uninterestingor boring by being experienced too often （因过多或过久）生厌, 感到乏味, 厌烦: * The pleasures of sunbathing began to pall (on us) after a week on the beach. 我们在沙滩待了一周之後, 对日光浴已兴致大减.

pallet
1[5pAlit; 5pAlit] n large wooden or metal tray or platform for carrying goods, esp one that can be raised using a fork-lift truck （木或金属的）托盘或平台; （尤指可用铲运车叉起的）货板. =>illus at box 见box插图.

palliasse
(also paillasse)[5pAliAs; - 7pAli'As;7pAl'jAs] n mattress filled with straw; pallet 草荐; 草垫.

palliate
[5pAlieit; 5pAli7et] v [Tn] (fml 文) 1 make (esp a pain or disease) less severe or unpleasant, withoutremoving its cause; alleviate 减轻, 缓和（尤指疼痛或疾病）. 2 make (a crime, an offence, etc) seem less serious; excuse or extenuate 减轻, 掩饰（罪行、 过失等）; 为（罪行、 过失等）辩解. 派生： palliation[7pAli'eiFn; 7pAli'eFEn] n [U] palliating or being palliated 减轻; 缓和; 掩饰; 辩解.

palliative
[5pAliEtiv; 5pAli7etiv] n, adj 1 (medicine) that reduces pain without removing its cause 减轻的; 缓和的; 姑息剂; 治标剂: * Aspirin is a palliative (drug). 阿斯匹林是一种缓解剂. 2 (thing) that reduces the harmful effects of sth without removing its cause 缓和物; 减轻的; 缓和的: * Security checks are only a palliative (measure) in the fight against terrorism. 安全检查仅是反恐怖主义的一种消极措施.

pallid
[5pAlid; 5pAlid] adj (of a person, his face, etc) pale, esp because of illness （指人、 面色等）苍白的（尤指因病）: * a pallid complexion 苍白的面色 * You look a bit pallid do you feel all right? 你脸色有点苍白--你没事儿吧? > pallidly adv. pallidness n [U].

pallor
[5pAlE(r); 5pAll] n [U] (esp unhealthy) paleness of the face （尤指不健康所致的）脸色苍白: * Her cheeks have a sickly pallor. 她面色苍白带有病容.

pally
=> pal.

palm
1[pa:m; pam] n 1 (a) inner surface of the hand between the wrist and the fingers 掌; 手掌; 掌心; 手心: * sweaty palms 有汗的手掌 * read sb's palm, ie tell sb's fortune by looking at the lines on his palm 看某人的手相 * He held the mouse in the palm of his hand. 他把那老鼠放在手心上. =>illus at hand 见hand插图. (b) part of a glove that covers this （手套的）掌部: * gloves with leather palms 掌部为皮革的手套. 2 (idm 习语) cross sb's palm with silver => cross2. grease sb's palm => grease v. have sb in the ,palm of one's `hand have complete power or control over sb 完全掌握某人; 完全控制某人. have an itching palm => itch v. 派生： palm v 1 [Tn] hide (a coin, card, etc) in the hand when performing a conjuring trick （变戏法时）将（硬币、 纸牌等）藏於手中. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] hit (a ball) with the palm of the hand 用手掌击（球）: The goalkeeper just managed to palm the ball over the crossbar. 守门员用手掌勉强把球挡过球门横木. 3 (phr v) palm sb off (with sth) (infml 口) dishonestly persuade sb to accept sth 诓骗某人接受某事物: He tried to palm me off with some excuse about the bus being late. 他托词公共汽车晚点骗我原谅他. palm sb/sth off (on sb) (infml 口) get rid of (an unwanted person or thing) by persuading sb else to accept him/it 将（自己不想要的人或物）劝说别人接受: They palmed their unwelcome guests off on the neighbours. 他们花言巧语哄得邻居同意, 便把不喜欢的客人打发到他们那里去了.

palmetto
[pAl'metEu; pAl'meto] n (pl ~s) type of small palm-tree with fan-shaped leaves 矮棕榈.

palmist
[5pa:mist; 5pamist] n person who claims to be able to interpret sb's character or tell sb's future by looking at the lines on the palm of his hand 看手相者. 派生： palmistry[5pa:mistri; 5pamistri] n [U] (skill of) doing this 手相术.

palpable
[5pAlpEbl; 5pAlpEbl] adj 1 that can be felt or touched 可触知的; 摸得出的. 2 (fml 文) clear to the mind; obvious 明显的; 明白的: * a palpable lie, error 明显的谎言、 错误. > palpably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv.

palpate
[5pAlpeit; 5pAlpet] v [Tn] (medical 医) examine (sth) by feeling with the hands, esp as part of a medical examination 触摸检查（某物）; （尤指）触诊. > palpation/pl'peiFn; pAl'peFEn] n [U].

palpitate
[5pAlpiteit; 5pAlpE7tet] v 1 [I] (of the heart) beat rapidly （指心脏）急速跳动. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) (of a person or a part of his body) tremble or quiver because of fear, excitement, etc （指人或身体某部分）颤抖, 颤动（因恐惧、 激动等）: * palpitating with terror 吓得发抖. 派生： palpitation[7pAlpi'teiFn; 7pAlpE'teFEn] n 1 [U] act of palpilating 心悸; 颤动. 2 palpitations [pl] (periodof) rapid beating of the heart 心悸（期）: * I get palpitationsif I run too fast. 我跑得太快时就心悸. * (fig 比喻) The thought of flying gives me palpitations, ie makes me very nervous. 一想到飞行我心情就紧张.

palsy
[5pC:lzi; 5pClzi] n [U] paralysis, esp with trembling of the limbs 麻 , 瘫痪（尤指伴有四肢颤动者）: * cerebral palsy 大脑性麻 . 派生： palsied[5pC:lzid; 5pClzid] adj affected with palsy 麻 的; 瘫痪的.

paltry
[5pC:ltri; 5pCltri] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 very small; unimportant 微小的; 不重要的: * a paltry amount, sum,etc 微不足道的数量、 金额等. 2 worthless; contemptible无价值的; 可鄙的: * a paltry excuse 可鄙的藉口.

pampas
[5pAmpEs; - -Ez; 5pAmpEz] n the pampas [pl] extensive grassy treeless plains in S America 南美无树木的大草原. Cf 参看 prairie, savannah, steppe, veld. 复合： `pampas-grass n [U] type of tall ornamental grass with a silver-white feathery flower 蒲苇.

pamper
[5pAmpE(r); 5pAmpl] v [Tn] (often derog 常作贬义) treat (a person or an animal) with too much kindness or indulgence; spoil 纵容（某人或动物）; 宠; 娇养: * the pampered children of the rich 有钱人家娇生惯养的子女 * pamper oneself after a hard day at work 劳累工作一日之後放纵自己.

pamphlet
[5pAmflit; 5pAmflit] n small book with a paper cover, usu containing information on a subject of public interest or expressing a political opinion 小册子（通常指有关时事或政治见解的）. 派生： pamphleteer[7pAmflE'tiE(r); 7pAmfli'tir] n person who writes pamphlets （上述的）小册子作者.

pan
pipes

panacea
[7pAnE'siE; 7pAnE'siE] n ~ (for sth) remedy for all diseases or troubles 治百病的药; 万灵药: * There's no single panacea for the country's economic ills. 国家经济弊病百出, 并无万灵药可以医治.

panache
[pA'nAF; - pE-; pE'nAF] n [U] confident stylish manner 神气十足; 炫耀自负: * She dresses with great panache. 她穿着十分浮华.

panama
[5pAnEma:; 5pAnE7ma] n (also ,panama `hat) hat made of fine woven straw-like material 巴拿马草帽. =>illus at hat 见hat插图.

panatella
[7pAnE'telE; 7pAnE'telE] n long thin cigar 细长的雪茄烟.

pancake
[5pANkeik; 5pAN7kek] n 1 [C] thin cake of batter fried on both sides and (usu) eaten hot, sometimes rolled up with a filling 烙饼; 薄饼. 2 [U] make-up for the face consisting of powder pressed into a flat solid cake （化妆品的）粉饼. 3 (idm 习语) flat as a pancake => flat2. 复合： `Pancake Day Shrove Tuesday, when pancakes are traditionally eaten 薄饼日（忏悔节前一日, 按传统吃薄饼）. ,pancake `landing landing (usu made in an emergency) in which an aircraft descends vertically in a level position （飞机的）平坠着陆（通常为紧急降落）.

panchromatic
[7pAnkrEu'mAtik; 7pAnkro'mAtik] adj (of photographic film) sensitive to all colours and able to reproduce them accurately （指摄影胶片）全色的.

pancreas
[5pANkriEs; 5pANkriEs] n gland near the stomach that produces substances which help in the digestion of food 胰; 胰腺. =>illus at digestive 见digestive插图. 派生： pancreatic[7pANkri5Atik; 7pANkri5Atik] adj of or relating to the pancreas 胰脏的; 胰腺的: * ,pancreatic `juice 胰液.

panda
[5pAndE; 5pAndE] n 1 (also ,giant `panda) large rare bear-like black and white animal living in the mountains of SW China 大猫熊, 大熊猫（产於中国西南山区）. 2 Indian animal like a raccoon, with brown fur and a long bushy tail 小猫熊, 小熊猫（产於印度, 似浣熊, 毛棕色, 尾长蓬松）. 复合： `panda car (Brit) police patrol car 警察巡逻车.

pandemic
[pAn'demik; pAn'demik] n, adj disease occurring over a whole country or the whole world 全国或全世界流行的（疾病）. Cf 参看 endemic, epidemic.

pandemonium
[7pAndi'mEuniEm; 7pAndi'moniEm] n [U] wild and noisy disorder or confusion 大混乱; 喧闹: * There was pandemonium when the news was announced. 消息宣布後一片混乱. * Pandemonium reigned in the classroom until the teacher arrived. 教师来到之前教室里乱哄哄的.

pander
[5pAndE(r); 5pAndl] v (phr v) pander to sth/sb (derog 贬) try to satisfy (a vulgar, weak or immoral desire, or sb having this); gratify sth/sb 迎合（他人的低级趣味或淫欲）; 纵容某人; 迁就某事物: * newspapers pandering to the public love of scandal 迎合公众喜好而报道丑闻的报纸. > pander n = pimp.

pane
[pein; pen] n single sheet of glass in a window窗户上的单块玻璃: * a pane of glass 一块窗玻璃 * a `window-pane 一块窗玻璃. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page vi.

panegyric
[7pAni'dVirik; 7pAnE'dVirik] n (fml 文) speech or piece of writing praising sb/sth 颂词; 颂文.

panel
[5pAnl; 5pAnl] n 1 [C] separate, usu rectangular, part of the surface of a door, wall, ceiling, etc, usu raised above or sunk below the surrounding area （门、 墙、 天花板等的）镶板, 嵌板（通常为矩形, 高出或低於周围部分）: * a ceiling with carved panels 带刻花镶板的天花板. =>illus 见插图. 2 [C] piece of metal forming a section of the bodywork of a vehicle （车身的）金属板. 3 [C] strip of material inserted into a garment （衣服上的）镶条, 饰片, 嵌料. 4 [C] vertical board on which the controls and instruments of an aircraft, a car, etc are mounted （飞行器、 汽车等的）控制面板, 仪表板: * an `instrument panel 仪表板 * a con`trol panel 控制板. 5 [CGp] group of people chosen to take part in a quiz, discussion, etc with an audience (esp of listeners to a radio or TV programme) （广播、 电视中）与观众或听众一起进行智力竞赛、 讨论等的一组人: * a panel of experts 专家小组 * [attrib 作定语] a `panel game 小组智力竞赛节目. 6 (a) [C] list of people chosen to serve on a jury 陪审团成员名单. (b) [CGp] jury 陪审团. 7 [C] (Brit) list of doctors who treat patients in a certain area as part of the National Health Service 国民保健署医生名单. 派生： panel v (-ll-; US -l-) [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] cover or decorate (sth) with panels （用镶板）镶嵌（某物）; （用饰条）镶饰（衣服）: a panelled room, ceiling, wall, etc 有镶板的房间、 天花板、 墙壁等. panelling (US paneling) n [U] 1 series of panels, eg on a wall 镶板细工; 镶板饰面: a room with fine oak panelling 带栎木细工镶板的房间. 2 wood used for making panels 镶板木料. panellist (US panelist)[5pAnElist; 5pAnlist] n member of a panel(5) （电台、 电视台的）智力竞赛、 专题讨论等的参加者. 复合： `panel-beater n person whose job is removing dents from the bodywork of motor vehicles with a hammer 汽车板金工.

panel1
`panel truck (US) small enclosed van for delivering goods, etc 小型货车.

pang
[pAN; pAN] n (usu pl 通常作复数) (a) sudden sharp feeling of pain 突然的剧痛: * pangs of hunger/hunger pangs 饥饿引起的胃疼. (b) feeling of painfulemotion 悲痛: * pangs of jealousy, remorse, guilt, conscience,etc 一阵阵忌妒、 悔恨、 负咎、 自责等的痛苦.

panhandle
[5pAnhAndl; 5pAn7hAndl] n (US) narrow piece of land projecting from a larger area （从一大片地向外伸出的）狭长地带. 派生： panhandle v [I, Tn] (infml 口) beg for money from (sb) in the street 在街上行乞; 向（路人）乞讨.

panic
[5pAnik; 5pAnik] n [C, U] 1 (a) sudden irrational feeling of great fear 恐慌; 惊惶: * be in a (state of) panic (about sth) （对某事）惊惶失措 * I got into a panic when I found the door was locked. 我发觉门锁上了, 十分惊慌. * The thought of flying fills me with panic. 我一想到飞行便吓得战战兢兢. * [attrib 作定语] a panic decision, ie one resulting from panic 慌乱中作出的决定. (b) fear that spreads quickly through a group of people （迅速传开的）大恐慌: * There was (an) immediate panic when the alarm sounded. 警报响起时立刻引起一片恐慌. * The collapse of the bank caused (a) panic on the Stock Exchange, ie the value of shares fell quickly. 那银行倒闭, 证券市场上惶恐万状. 2 (idm 习语) `panic stations (infml 口) state of alarm or panic 惶惶不安; 惊慌: * It was panic stations when the police arrived to search the building. 警方来搜查大楼时, 大家都很惊慌. 派生： panic v (-ck-) [I, Tn] 1 (cause a person or an animal to) be affected with panic （使人或动物）受惊: Don't panic! 别慌! * The gunfire panicked the horses. 枪声惊吓了马. 2 (phr v) panic sb into doing sth (often passive 常用於被动语态) make sb do (sth unwise or hasty) because of panic 使某人（因惊惶）仓促做（蠢事）: The banks were panicked into selling sterling. 银行因恐慌而抛售英国货币. panicky[5pAniki; 5pAniki] adj (infml 口) affected or caused by panic 受惊吓的; 由惊慌引起的: * Don't get panicky! 不要惊慌! * a panicky reaction, feeling, etc 惊慌的反应、 感觉等. 复合： `panic-stricken adj in a state of panic; terrified 惊慌失措的; 万分恐慌的: You look panic-stricken! 看你惊惶失措的样子!

panjandrum
[pAn'dVAndrEm; pAn'dVAndrEm] n (joc 谑) pompous self-important person 自命不凡的人.

pannier
[5pAniE(r); 5pAnil] n 1 one of a pair of bags on either side of the back wheel of a bicycle or motor cycle （挂在自行车或摩托车後轮两侧的）挂篮, 挂包. 2 one of a pair of baskets carried on either side of its back by a horse or donkey （挂在马或驴两侧的）驮篮.

pannikin
[5pAnikin; 5pAnEkin] n (Brit) (a) small metal cup 小金属杯. (b) its contents 小杯中之物.

panoply
[5pAnEpli; 5pAnEpli] n (fml 文) 1 complete or splendid display of sth （某物的）全部的或华丽的展示; 气派; 盛况. 2 (formerly) complete suit of armour （旧时的）全副甲 . 派生： panoplied[5pAnEplid; 5pAnEplid] adj (fml 文) having a panoply 华丽的; 盛装的; 披挂甲 的.

panorama
[7pAnE'ra:mE; - -'rAmE; 7pAnE'rAmE] n 1 (a) view of a wide area 全景: * From the summit there is a superb panorama of the Alps. 从峰巅俯瞰, 阿尔卑斯山壮丽的景色尽收眼底. (b) picture or photograph of this 全景画; 全景照片. 2 view of a constantly changing scene or series of events （不断变化的）一连串景象或事情: * The book presents a panorama of British history since the Middle Ages. 该书概述了中世纪以来的英国历史. > panoramic[7pAnE'rAmik; 7pAnE'rAmik] adj: * a panoramic view from the top of the tower 自塔顶俯瞰的全景.

pansy
[5pAnzi; 5pAnzi] n 1 garden plant with a short stem and broad flat brightly-coloured petals 叁色堇. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page ii. 2 (infml derog 口, 贬) effeminate man; homosexual 女性化的男子; 同性恋男子.

pant
[pAnt; pAnt] v [I, Ipr] 1 breathe with short quick breaths 喘; 喘息; 气喘: * He was panting heavily as he ran. 他气喘吁吁地跑着. 2 (phr v) pant along, down, etc walk or run in the specified direction while panting 气喘吁吁地走或跑: * The dog panted along (the road) beside me. 那狗一路跟在我身旁边喘边跑. pant for sth (used only in the continuous tenses 只用於进行时态) (a) show by one's rapid breathing that one needs to drink, catch one's breath, etc 呼吸急促显示渴、 喘不过气来等: * panting for breath, a cool drink 喘不过气来、 喘着要冷饮. (b) have or show a strong desire for sth 渴望某事物: * panting for revenge 渴望复仇 * He was panting with desire for her. 他拼命地追求她. pant sth out say sth with difficulty, while panting 气喘吁吁地说出某事: * He panted out the message. 他上气不接下气地说出此事. 派生： pant n short quick breath 喘; 喘息; 气喘: breathe in short pants 气喘吁吁. pantingly adv.

pantaloon
[7pAntE'lu:n; 7pAntl'un] n 1 pantaloons[pl] (US; Brit joc 谑) trousers 裤子. 2 (also Pantaloon)(in pantomime) foolish old man on whom the dame plays tricks （童话剧中的）傻老头（常遭滑稽老太婆捉弄）.

pantechnicon
[pAn'teknikEn; pAn'tekni7kEn] n (Brit) large van used for moving furniture from one house to another 家具搬运车.

pantheism
[5pAnWiizEm; 5pAnWi7izEm'] n [U] 1 belief that God is everything and everything is God 泛神论. 2 belief in and worship of all gods 泛神信仰和崇拜. 派生： pantheist[-Wiist; -Wiist] n believer in pantheism 泛神论者. pantheistic[7pAnWi'istik; 7pAnWi'istik] adj of, like or relating to pantheism （似）泛神论的; 关於泛神论的.

pantheon
[5pAnWiEn; - -WiCn; 5pAnWi7an] n 1 (esp in ancient Greece and Rome) temple dedicated to all the gods （尤指古希腊和罗马的）万神庙. 2 all the gods of a nation or people （一国或一民族信奉的）众神: * the ancient Egyptian pantheon 古埃及众神. 3 building in which the famous dead of a nation are buried or have memorials 先贤祠; 伟人祠.

panther
[5pAnWE(r); 5pAnWl] n 1 leopard, esp a black one 豹; （尤指）黑豹: * a black panther 黑豹. 2 (US) puma 美洲狮.

panties
[5pAntiz; 5pAntiz] n [pl] (infml 口) short close-fitting knickers worn by women （女用）紧身短衬裤.

pantihose
(also pantyhose)[5pAntihEuz; 5pAnti7hoz] n [pl v] (US) = tights.

pantile
[5pAntail; 5pAn7tail] n curved roof-tile 波形瓦: * [attrib 作定语] a pantile roof 波形瓦屋顶.

panto
[5pAntEu; 5pAnto] n (pl pantos[5pntEuz; 5pAntoz] ) (infml 口) =pantomime 1.

pantograph
[5pAntEgra:f; - -grAf; 5pAntE7grAF] n 1 instrument used to draw an exact copy of a plan, map, etc on any scale 缩放仪; 比例绘图仪. 2 device for carrying an electric current from overhead wires to a train （电气列车顶上的）导电弓架.

pantomime
[5pAntEmaim; 5pAntE7maim] n 1 (a) [C] type of play with music, dancing and clowning, based on a traditional story or fairy-tale and usu performed at Christmas 童话剧（通常於圣诞节期间演出）: * Let's take the children to the pantomime! 咱们带孩子去看童话剧吧! * [attrib 作定语] a pantomime dame, horse 童话剧中的滑稽老太婆、 马. (b) [U] plays of this type 童话剧（总称）: * She's acted in a lot of pantomime. 她演过很多童话剧. 2 [U] expressive movements of the face and body used to tell a story （讲故事时）面部和身体的表意动作.

pantry
[5pAntri; 5pAntri] n 1 small room in a house where food is kept; larder 食品储藏室或柜. 2 (in a hotel, ship, large house, etc) room where glass, silver, table-linen, etc are kept （旅馆、 轮船、 大宅第等的）餐具室.

pap
[pAp; pAp] n [U] 1 soft or semi-liquid food suitable for babies or invalids （幼儿或病人的）软食, 半流质食物. 2 undemanding, trivial or worthless reading-matter 浅显的、 无聊的或无价值的读物: * How can you bear to read such pap! 这样无聊的读物你怎能看得下去!

papa
[pE'pa:; - 'pa:pE; 5papE] n (dated infml 旧, 口) (esp used by children 尤作儿语) father 爸爸. Cf 参看 pop2, poppa.

papacy
[5peipEsi; 5pepEsi] n 1 the Papacy [sing] position or authority of the Pope 教皇的职位或权力. 2 (a) [U] system of government of the Roman Catholic Church by popes 罗马教廷. (b) [C] period of time when a pope is in office 教皇的任期: * during the papacy of John Paul II 约翰．保罗二世在位期间. 派生： papal[5peipl; 5pepl] adj of the Pope or the Papacy 教皇的; 教皇的职位或权力的; 罗马教廷的; 教皇任期的: * papal authority 教皇的权力.

papaw
(also pawpaw)[pE'pC:; - 'pC:pC:; 5pCpC] n 1 (a) (also papaya / pE5paIE; pE`paIE) [C] tropical American tree similar to a palm tree 番木瓜树（似棕榈的热带美洲树）. (b) [C, U] its edible oblong orange-coloured fruit 木瓜. 2 (a) [C] small N American evergreen tree 北美产矮小的常绿树. (b) [C, U] its small fleshy edible fruit 上述树结的可食小果.

paper
[5peipE(r); 5pepl] n 1 (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) [U] substance made in thin sheets from wood pulp or rags and used for writing, printing or drawing on, or for wrapping and packing things 纸:a piece/sheet of paper 一张纸 * `writing paper 书写用纸* `tissue paper 薄棉纸 * [attrib 作定语] a paper bag, handkerchief, towel, etc 纸袋、 纸巾、 纸面巾等. 2 [C] newspaper 报纸: * Where's today's paper? 今天的报纸在哪儿? * a daily, an evening, a Sunday paper 日报、 晚报、 星期日报. 3 [C, U] wallpaper 壁纸; 墙纸: * a pretty striped paper for the bedroom 卧室用的精美的条纹壁纸. 4 papers [pl] (a) official documents, esp showing sb's identity, nationality, etc 文件（尤指身分、 国籍等证明材料）: * Immigration officials will ask to see your papers. 移民局的官员将要求你出示证件. (b) pieces of paper which have been written on 写有字的纸: * His desk is always covered with papers. 他的办公桌上老是堆满写着字的纸. 5 [C] (a) set of examination questions on a particular subject 试卷（试题）: * The geography paper was difficult. 地理试题很难. * The French paper was set by our form teacher. 法语试卷是我们的班主任出的. (b) written answers to examination questions 试卷（答卷）: * She spent the evening marking examination papers. 她一晚上都在批试卷. 6 article or essay, esp one read to an audience of academics or specialists 文章; （尤指）论文: * He read a paper at a medical conference on the results of his research. 他在医学会议上宣读了他的研究论文. 7 (idm 习语) on paper (a) in writing 以书面形式: * Could you put a few ideas down on paper? 把你的一些想法写出来可以吗? (b) when judged from written or printed evidence; in theory 据书面材料; 在理论上; 从道理上说: * It's a fine scheme on paper, but will it work in practice? 那计画不错, 不过实践上是否可行?

paper1
* She looks good on paper, ie has good qualifications. 她看来资历很好. a ,paper `tiger person or thing that is less powerful or threatening than he/it seems or claims to be 纸老虎（外强中乾的人或事物）. put pen to paper => pen. 派生： paper v 1 [Tn] put wallpaper on (the walls of a room) 用壁纸裱糊（墙壁）: We're papering the bathroom. 我们正给浴室贴壁纸. 2 (idm 习语) paper over the cracks (in sth) hide a disagreement, fault or difficulty, esp quickly or imperfectly 隐瞒或掩饰分歧、 错误或困难（尤指仓促或有漏洞）: Critics of government policy argue that the new measures introduced to fight crime are simply papering over the cracks. 批评政府政策的人指责反犯罪活动新措施, 认为纯粹是为掩盖过错而制定的. 3 (phr v) paper sth over (a) cover sth with wall paper 用壁纸覆盖某物: We papered over the stains on the wall. 我们贴上壁纸盖住了墙上的污斑. (b) hide (a disagreement, fault or difficulty), esp quickly or imperfectly 隐瞒或掩饰（分歧、 错误或困难）（尤指仓促或有漏洞）. papery[5peipEri; 5pepEri] adj like paper in texture （质地）像纸的: * wrinkled, papery skin 像皱纹纸似的皮肤. 复合： `paperback n [C, U] book bound in a flexible paper cover 简装书; 平装书: a cheap paperback 廉价简装书 * When is the novel coming out in paperback? 那部小说的平装本什麽时候出版? * [attrib 作定语] a paperback book, edition 平装的书、 版本. Cf 参看 hardback (hard1). `paper-boy (fem 阴性作 `paper-girl) n boy/girl who delivers newspapers to people's houses 送报的男孩[女孩]. `paper-chase n cross-country run in which the leader drops a trail of pieces of paper for the other runners to follow 追纸游戏（领头者作越野跑, 沿途撒纸屑供他人循踪追逐）. `paper-clip n piece of bent wire or plastic used for holding sheets of paper together 回形针. `paper-knife n knife used for cutting the pages of books, opening envelopes, etc 裁纸刀.

paper2
`paper-mill n factory where paper is made 造纸厂. ,paper `money money in the form of banknotes 纸币. `paperweight n small heavy object placed on top of loose papers to keep them in place 镇纸. `paperwork n [U] written work in an office, such as filling in forms, writing letters and reports, etc 文书工作: She's good at paperwork. 她善做文书工作.

papier mache
[7pApiei 'mAFei; - 7peipEr mE'Fei;'peplmE'Fe] (French 法) moulded paper pulp used for making boxes, trays, ornaments, etc 制型纸浆（用以制纸盒、 纸盘、 纸装饰物等的）.

papist
[5peipist; 5pepist] n (derog 贬) (used esp by Protestants 尤为新教徒用语) Roman Catholic 天主教徒.

papoose
[pE'pu:s; - pA'pu:s; pA'pus] n 1 type of bag fixed to a frame, used for carrying a young baby onthe back （背负幼儿用的）有框架的背袋. 2 N AmericanIndian baby 北美印第安人的幼儿.

paprika
[5pAprikE; - pE'pri:kE; pE'prikE] n (a) [C] type of sweet pepper 一种甜辣椒. (b) [U] red powder made from this and used as a spice 辣椒粉.

papyrus
[pE'paiErEs; pE'pairEs] n 1 [U] tall reed-like water-plant with thick fibrous stems used by the Ancient Egyptians to make paper 纸莎草（古埃及人用以制纸的）. 2 [U] this paper 纸莎草纸. 3 [C] (pl papyri/pE'paiEri:; pE'pairai] ) manuscript written on this paper （纸莎草纸上的）文献, 手稿.

par
[pa:(r); par] n 1 [sing] (also par value) price that is printed on stocks and shares; face value （证券与股票的）票面价值, 面值: * sell shares above/at/below par 以高於[等於/低於]面值的价值出售股票. 2 [sing] (also par of exchange) recognized value of one country's currency in terms of another's 汇兑平价; 外汇牌价. 3 [sing] (in golf) number of strokes considered necessary for a first-class player to complete a hole or course （高尔夫球的）（一洞或一场球的）标准杆数: * Par for the course is 72. 该球场规定的标准杆数是72. * She went round the course in three below (ie three strokes less than) par. 她用比标准杆数少叁杆打完该场. Cf 参看 birdie 2, bogey 1, eagle 2. 4 (idm 习语) below `par (infml 口) less well, alert, etc than usual 一般水平以下; 不大好: * I'm feeling a bit below par today. 我今天不大舒服. be ,par for the `course (infml 口) be what one would expect to happen or expect sb to do 不出所料;料到某人要做某事: * She was an hour late, was she? That's about par for the course for her. 她晚了一个钟头了吧? 她就是这样. on a par with sb/sth equal in importance, quality, etc to sb/sth 与某人[某事物]同等重要、 同水平等: * As a writer she was on a par with the great novelists. 她是与伟大小说家齐名的作家. up to `par (infml 口) as good/well as usual 达到平常的高水平: * I didn't think her performance was up to par. 我认为她表现得不及平时.

para-
1 pref 前缀 (forming ns 用以构成名词) 1 beside; near 旁; 侧; 近: parameter * paramilitary. 2 beyond 外; 超: parapsychology * paranormal.

parable
[5pArEbl; 5pArEbl] n (esp in the Bible) story told to illustrate a moral or spiritual truth （尤指《圣经》中）寓言故事: * Jesus taught in parables. 耶稣以寓言讲道. * the parable of the prodigal son 浪子回头的故事.

parabola
[pE'rAbElE; pE'rAbElE] n (geometry 几) plane curve formed by cutting a cone on a plane parallel to its side 抛物线. =>illus at hyperbola 见hyperbola插图.

parabolic
[7pArE'bClik; 7pArE'balik] adj 1 of or expressed in a parable 寓言的; 以寓言故事表达的. 2 of or like a parabola （似）抛物线的.

parachute
[5pArEFu:t; 5pArE7Fut] n device for making people or objects fall slowly and safely when dropped from an aeroplane, consisting of an umbrella-shaped canopy attached to a harness 降落伞: * land by parachute 跳伞着陆 * [attrib 作定语] a parachute jump/drop 跳伞[空投]. 派生： parachute v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] (cause sb/sth to) drop by parachute from an aircraft （使某人）跳伞; 用降落伞空投（某物）: She enjoys parachuting. 她喜爱跳伞运动. * We parachuted into enemy territory. 我们跳伞空降到敌占区. * Supplies were parachuted into the earthquake zone. 救援物资已空投到地震区. parachutist[-ist; -ist] n person who drops from an aircraft using a parachute 跳伞者.

parade
[pE'reid; pE'red] n [C] 1 formal gathering of troops for inspection, a roll-call, etc （部队的）检阅、 点名等: * a drill parade 阅兵训练 * ceremonial parades 阅兵式. 2 = parade-ground. 3 procession of people or things （人的）游行, 行进; （物的）展示: * a parade of players before a football match 足球赛前队员列队出场 * a fashion parade, ie one in which models display new clothes to an audience 时装表演. 4 (esp in names) public promenade or street of shops （尤指用於名称中的）广场, 商业街: * He lives in North Parade. 他住在伦敦北街. 5 (idm 习语) make a parade of sth (esp derog 尤作贬义) display sth in order to impress people 炫示; 卖弄: * He's always making a parade of his knowledge. 他老爱炫耀知识. on parade taking part in a parade; being paraded 接受检阅; 参加游行; 展示: * The regiment is on parade. 该团正接受检阅. * A number of new hats were on parade at the wedding. 在婚礼上见到有些人戴着新式的帽子. 派生： parade v 1 [I, Tn] (cause sb to) gather together for inspection, a roll-call, etc （使某些人）集合接受检阅、 点名等: The colonel paraded his troops. 上校检阅自己的部队. 2 [I, Ipr, Ip] march or walk in a procession or in order to display sth 游行; 列队行进; 为展示某事物而行进或行走: The strikers paraded through the city centre. 罢工者游行通过市中心. * She paraded up and down in her new hat. 她戴着新帽子在人前走来走去. 3 [Tn] display (sth); show (sth) off 展示, 炫耀（某事物）: She was parading her new fur coat yesterday, ie wearing it to show it off to others. 昨天她向人炫耀她那件新的毛皮大衣. 复合： pa`rade-ground n place where soldiers gather for inspection, a roll-call, etc 阅兵场.

paradigm
[5pArEdaim; 5pArE7daim] n 1 set of all the different forms of a word （一词的）词形变化表: * verb paradigms 动词的词形变化表. 2 type of sth; pattern; model 范例; 样式; 模范: * a paradigm for others to copy 供他人效法的范例. > paradigmatic[7pArEdig'mAtik; 7pArEdig'mAtik] adj.

paradise
[5pArEdais; 5pArE7dais] n 1 [sing, without a or the 不用冠词a或the] heaven 天堂; 天国. 2 (a) [C] ideal or perfect place 理想的或完美的地方; 乐园; 乐土: * This island is a paradise for bird-watchers. 这个岛是鸟类观察者的理想去处. (b) [U] state of perfect happiness 完美快乐的境界; 至福; 极乐: * Being alone is his idea of paradise. 他认为一人独处最美. 3 Paradise [sing, without a or the 不用冠词a或the] (in the Bible) the Garden of Eden, where Adam and Eve lived in a state of innocence. （《圣经》中的）伊甸园. 4 (idm 习语) a fool's paradise => fool1. 派生： paradisaical[7pArEdi'zaiEkl; 7pArEdi'seikl] adj of or like (a) paradise （似）天堂的, 极乐的, 乐园的.

paradox
[5pArEdCks; 5pArE7daks] n 1 (a) [C] statement that seems to be absurd or contradictory but is or may be true 似非而是的隽语; 看似矛盾而实际（或可能）正确的说法: * `More haste, less speed' is a well-known paradox. ‘欲速不达’是人所熟知的隽语. (b) [U] use of this in talking or writing 用於语言文字中的上述隽语或说法: * Paradox and irony are characteristics of her style. 她善於运用似非而是的隽语和反语. 2 [C] person, thing or situation displaying contradictory features 有矛盾特点的人、 事物或情况: * It is a paradox that such a rich country should have so many poor people living in it. 如此富足的国家竟有如此多的穷人, 这是个矛盾的现实.> paradoxical[7pArE'dCksikl; 7pArE'daksikl] adj. paradoxically[-kli; -kli] adv.

paraffin
[5pArEfin; 5pArEfin] n [U] 1 (also `paraffin oil) (Brit) (US `coal oil, kerosene) oil obtained from petroleum, coal, etc and used as a fuel in heaters and lamps and as a solvent 煤油: * [attrib 作定语] a paraffin lamp, stove 煤油灯、 炉. 2 (also `paraffin wax) wax-like substance obtained from petroleum, used esp for making candles 石蜡.

paragon
[5pArEgEn; - -gCn; 5pArE7gan] n (a) ~ of sth person who is a perfect example of a quality (used esp in the expression shown) 有某品质的典范人物（尤用於以下示例）: * a paragon of virtue 美德的典范. (b) completely perfect person 完人: * I make no claim to be a paragon. 我绝不认为自己是完人.

paragraph
[5pArEgrAa:f; - -grf; 5pArE7grAf] n 1 distinct section of a written or printed text, usu consisting of several sentences dealing with a single theme and starting on a new (usu indented) line 段落: * begin a new paragraph 开始一个新段落. 2 (also `paragraph mark) sign () used to show where a new paragraph is to begin or as a reference mark 段落号 （表示新段落开始处）. 3 short report in a newspaper （报纸上的）短篇报道: * There's a paragraph on the accident in the local paper. 当地报纸对该事故有一短篇报道. 派生： paragraph v [Tn] divide (sth) into paragraphs 将（某篇文字）分成段落.

parakeet
[5pArEki:t; 5pArE7kit] n any of various types of small long-tailed parrot 长尾鹦鹉.

parallel
[5pArElel; 5pArE7lel] adj 1 (a) (of two or more lines) having the same distance between each other at every point （指至少两条线）平行的: * parallel lines 平行线. =>illus at converge 见converge插图. (b) [pred 作表语] ~ to/with sth (of a line) having this relationship with another one （指一条线）与另一条线平行: * The road runs parallel with the railway. 该公路与铁路平行.* The road and the railway are parallel to each other. 该公路与铁路相互平行. 2 exactly corresponding; similar 相对应的; 相同的; 类似的: * a parallel case, career, development 相同的事例、 职业、 发展. 派生： parallel n 1 [C] (also ,parallel `line) line that is parallel to another 平行线. 2 (also ,parallel of `latitude) [C] imaginary line on the earth's surface, or a corresponding line on a map, parallel to and passing through all points the same distance north or south of the equator （地球或地图的）纬线, 纬度圈: the 49th parallel 第49纬度线. 3 [C, U] person, situation, event, etc that is exactly similar to another 极相似的人、 情况、 事情等: a career without parallel in modern times 当代无匹的业迹. 4 [C] (a) comparison (used esp in the expression shown) 对比, 比较（尤用於以下示例）:draw a parallel between A and B 把A和B相比较. (b) similarity 相似处: I see parallels between the two cases. 我看这两种情况有相似处. 5 (idm 习语) in parallel (of an electric current) having the negative terminals attached to one conductor and the positive ones to another （指电流）并联. Cf 参看 series 2. parallel v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] 1 be equal to (sth); match (sth) 与（某事物）相当, 相匹敌:His performance has never been paralleled. 他的表演举世无匹. 2 be comparable or similar to (sth) 可与（某事物）相比; 与（某事物）相似: Her experiences parallel mine in many instances. 她的经历多与我的相似.

parallel1
parallelism[-izEm; -7izEm] n [U] state of being parallel; similarity 平行; 相同; 相似; 类似; 对应: * Don't exaggerate the parallelism between the two cases. 不要夸大那两件事的相似性. 复合： ,parallel `bars pair of bars on posts, used for gymnastic exercises 双 .

parallelogram
[7pArE'lelEgrAm; 7pArE'lelE7grAm] n (geometry 几) four-sided plane figure with its opposite sides parellel to each other 平行四边形. =>illus at quadrilateral 见quadrilateral插图.

paralyse
(US paralyze)[5pArElaiz; 5pArE7laiz] v 1 [Tn] affect (sb) with paralysis 使（某人）瘫痪或麻 : * The accident left her paralyzed from the waist down. 事故後她腰部以下瘫痪了. * She is paralysed in both legs. 她两腿麻 . 2 [Tn.pr esp passive 尤用於被动语态] ~ sb (with sth) prevent sb from moving or acting normally 使某人不能正常活动: * be paralysed with fear, horror, shock, etc 恐惧、 恐怖、 惊骇...得不知所措.

paralysis
[pE'rAlEsis; pE'rAlEsis] n (pl -ses[-si:z; -7siz] )1 [C, U] loss of feeling in or control of a part of the body, caused by a disease of or an injury to the nerves 麻 ; 瘫痪: * suffer from paralysis of the right leg 右腿麻 * The paralysis affects his right leg and he can only walk with difficulty. 他右腿瘫痪步履维艰. 2 [U] (fig 比喻) total inability to move, act, operate, etc （活动、 运行等）瘫痪: * the complete paralysis of industry caused by the electricians' strike 电气工人罢工造成的工业完全瘫痪.

paralytic
[7pArE'litik; 7pArE'litik] adj 1 suffering from paralysis(1) 患麻 的; 瘫痪的. 2 (Brit infml 口) very drunk 烂醉如泥的: * She was/got completely paralytic last night. 她昨天晚上喝得酩酊大醉. 派生： paralytic n person suffering from paralysis 麻 症患者; 瘫痪病人.

paramedical
[7pArE'medikl; 7pArE'medikl] adj (of services) supporting and supplementing the work of doctors （指服务）辅助医务的, 护理的.

parameter
[pE'rAmitE(r); pE'rAmEtl] n 1 (mathematics数) quantity that does not vary in a particular case but does vary in other cases 参量; 参数. 2 characteristic or feature, esp one that can be measured or quantified 特点, 特性（尤指可以衡量或计量的）. 3 (usu pl 通常作复数) limiting factor or characteristic; limit （限定性的）因素, 特性; 界限: * We have to work within the parameters of time and budget. 我们工作受时间和财力所限.

paramilitary
[7pArE'militri; - -teri; 7pArE'mili7teri] adj (relating or belonging to a military force that is) organized like but not part of the official armed forces 准军事的; 辅助军事的: * a paramilitary organization 准军事组织 * paramilitary activity 辅助性军事行动. 派生： paramilitary n member of a paramilitary group or organization 准军事部队或组织的成员.

paramount
[5pArEmaunt; 5pArE7maunt] adj (fml 文) having the greatest importance or significance; supreme最重要的; 最重大的; 至上的: * This matter is of paramountimportance. 此事至关重大. * The reduction of unemployment should be paramount in the government's economic policy. 降低失业率应是政府经济政策的头等大事. 派生： paramountcy[-tsi; -tsi] n [U] (fml 文) (state of) being paramount 至关重要; 至关重大; 至上.

paranoia
[7pArE'nCiE; 7pArE'nCiE] n [U] 1 mental illness in which a person is obsessed by mistaken beliefs, esp that he is being badly treated by others or that he is somebody very important 偏执狂; 妄想狂. 2 (infml 口) abnormal tendency to suspect and mistrust other people 多疑. > paranoiac[7prE'nCik; 7pArE'nCiAk] n, adj = paranoid.

paranoid
[5pArEnCid; 5pArE7nCid] (also paranoiac) adj of, like, suffering from or showing paranoia （似） （患）有偏执狂或妄想狂的; 多疑的: * paranoid fears 偏执恐惧症 * paranoid schizophrenia 妄想型精神分裂症 * She's getting paranoid about what other people think of her. 她越来越怀疑别人对自己有什麽看法. * I don't think she likes me or am I just being paranoid? 我认为她不喜欢我--难道只是我多心吗? 派生： paranoid n paranoid person （似）（患）有偏执狂或妄想狂的人; 多疑的人.

paranormal
[7pArE'nC:ml; 7pArE'nCrmEl] adj unable to be explained scientifically or rationally 超常的（无法用科学或常理解释的）: * paranormal phenomena 超常现象.

parapet
[5pArEpit, -pet; 5pArEpit, -7pet] n 1 low protective wall along the edge of a balcony, bridge, roof, etc 矮护墙; 女（儿）墙. 2 (in war) protective bank of earth, stones, etc along the front edge of a trench 胸墙.

paraphernalia
[7pArEfE'neiliE; 7pArEfE'neliE] n [U] numerous small articles or personal belongings, esp the equipment needed for a hobby or sport 零星物品, 个人随身物品（尤指业馀爱好或体育活动所需的）: * skiing, climbing, jogging, etc paraphernalia 滑雪、 登山、 慢跑等用的随身物品. =>Usage at data 用法见data.

paraphrase
[5pArEfreiz; 5pArE7frez] n re-wording of a piece of writing, statement, etc, esp in order to make it easier to understand （对一段文字等的）释义, 意译（尤指为易於理解）: * a paraphrase of the sonnet 该十四行诗的意译. 派生： paraphrase v [Tn] express the meaning of (a piece of writing, statement, etc) in different words, esp in order to make it easier to understand 将（一段文字等）释义或意译（尤指为易於理解）: paraphrase a speech in colloquial English 用通俗英语意译一篇讲稿.

paraplegia
[7pArE'pli:dVE; 7pArE'plidVE] n [U] paralysisof the legs and part or all of the trunk(2) 截瘫; 下身麻 . 派生： paraplegic[7pArE'pli:dVik; 7pArE'plidVik] n, adj (person) suffering from paraplegia 患截瘫或下身麻 的（人）: * She's (a) paraplegic. 她下身麻 . * [attrib 作定语] ,paraplegic `sports, ie of or for paraplegics 截瘫患者体育运动会.

paraquat
[5pArEkwCt; 5pArE7kwat] n [U] (propr 专利名) extremely poisonous weed-killer 百草枯, 对草快（除草剂, 极毒）.

parasite
[5pArEsait; 5pArE7sait] n 1 animal (eg a flea, louse) or plant (eg mistletoe) that lives on or in another and gets its food from it 寄生物（如寄生虫或寄生植物）. 2 (derog 贬) person who lives off others and gives nothing in return 靠他人为生的人: * live as a parasite on society 像寄生虫似的靠社会为生. 派生： parasitic[7pArE'sitik; 7pArE'sitik] , parasitical/ 9pArE5sItIkl; 9pArE`sItIkl/ adjs (a) living as a parasite; like a parasite 寄生的; 似寄生物的; 靠他人为生的: * a parasitic plant, worm 寄生的植物、 蠕形动物 * (fig 比喻) He lives a parasitic existence, borrowing money from his friends. 他靠向友人借贷过寄生生活. (b) caused by a parasite 寄生物引起的: * a parasitic disease 寄生性病害. parasitically[-kli; -kli] adv.

parasol
[5pArEsCl; - -sC:l; 5pArE7sCl] n light umbrella used to give shade from the sun 阳伞. Cf 参看 sunshade (sun). =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page vii.

paratroops
[5pArEtru:ps; 5pArE7trups] n [pl] soldiers trained to drop from an aircraft by parachute 伞兵部队. 派生： paratrooper[5pArEtru:pE(r); 5pArE7trupl] n one of these soldiers 伞兵.

paratyphoid
[7pArE'taifCid; 7pArE'taifCid] n [U] type of fever similar to typhoid, but less dangerous 副伤寒.

parboil
[5pa:bCil; 5par7bCil] v [Tn] boil (food) until it is partly cooked 将（食物）煮到半熟: * Potatoes can be parboiled before roasting. 土豆可先煮至半熟再烤.

parcel
[5pa:sl; 5parsl] n 1 (US also package) thing or things wrapped up for carrying or sending by post 包裹: * The postman has brought a parcel for you. 邮递员给你送来了一个包裹. * She was carrying a parcel of books under her arm. 她胳膊下夹着一包书. =>Usage at packet 用法见packet. 2 piece of land, esp on an estate (used esp in the expression shown) 一块地（尤指产业之一部分）（尤用於以下示例）: * a parcel of land 属产业上的一片地. 3 (idm 习语) part and parcel of sth => part1. 派生： parcel v (-ll-; US -l-) (phr v) parcel sth out divide sth into parts or portions 将某物分成若干部分: He parcelled out the land into small plots. 他把那片土地分成小块. parcel sth up make sth into a parcel; wrap sth up 将某物打包; 包起某物: She parcelled up the books. 她把书包了起来. 复合： `parcel bomb bomb wrapped up to look like a normal parcel and sent by post 邮包炸弹. `parcel post system of sending parcels by post 包裹邮递: send sth (by) parcel post 用包裹邮寄某物.

parch
[pa:tF; partF] v [Tn esp passive尤用於被动语态] 1 make (sth) very dry and hot 使（某物）极乾极热: * earth parched by the sun 被太阳晒得乾热的土地 * the parched deserts of N Africa 北非乾热的沙漠 * parched lips, eg of a person with a fever 乾裂的嘴唇（如发烧病人的）. 2 make (sb) very thirsty 使（某人）极渴: * Give me a drink I'm parched. 给我点喝的--我渴死了.

parchment
[5pa:tFmEnt; 5partFmEnt] n 1 (a) [U] heavy paper-like material made from the skin of sheep or goats and used for writing on 羊皮纸. (b) [C] piece of this material which has been written on 羊皮纸文稿. 2 [U] type of paper similar to parchment 仿羊皮纸.

pardon
1[5pa:dn; 5pardn] n 1 [U] ~ (for sth) forgiveness 原谅; 宽恕: * ask/seek sb's pardon for sth就某事请求某人原谅. 2 [C] (a) cancellation of a punishment incurred for a crime 赦免: * He was granted a pardon after new evidence had proved his innocence. 有新证据证明他无辜, 因而他获得赦免. (b) document on which this is written 赦免令; 赦免状. 3 (idm 习语) beg sb's pardon => beg. I beg your pardon => beg.

pare
[peE(r); per] v [Tn] 1 trim (sth) by cutting away the edges 修剪（某物）边缘: * pare one's finger-nails 修剪指甲. 2 cut away the skin or outer covering from (sth); peel 剥或削（某物）的皮: * pare an apple 削苹果. 3 (phr v) pare sth down reduce sth considerably 大量削减某物: * We have pared down our expenses to a bare minimum. 我们已最大限度地削减了开支. pare sth off (sth) remove (skin, peel, etc) from sth in thin strips 一条条地剥去或削掉（外皮）: * She pared off the thick peel with a sharp knife. 她用一把锋利的刀削去厚厚的果皮. =>Usage at clip2 用法见clip2. 派生： parings[5peEriNz; 5periNz] n [pl] pieces that have been pared off 修剪、 剥或削下之物: * `nail parings 剪下的指甲.

parent
[5peErEnt; 5perEnt] n 1 (usu pl 通常作复数) father or mother 父或母: * May I introduce you to my parents (ie my father and mother)? 我把你介绍给我的父母行吗? * Denise and Martin have recently become parents. 丹尼斯和马丁最近当爸爸妈妈了. * Do you get on with your parents? 你和父母合得来吗? * the duties of a parent 为人父母者的责任. =>App 8 见附录8. 2 animal or plant from which others are produced （动植物的）亲代, 亲本, 父本, 母本: * [attrib 作定语] the parent bird, tree 亲代的鸟、 树. 派生： parentage[-idV; -idV] n [U] descent from parents; origin; ancestry 父母的身分; 家世; 世系; 出身: * a person of unknown parentage, ie having parents whose identity is not known 家世不明的人 * of humble parentage 出身卑贱. parental/pE'rentl; pE'rentl] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of or relating to a parent or parents 父的; 母的; 父母的: * parental affection, love, support, etc 父母的疼爱、 爱、 养育等 * children lacking parental care 缺乏父母关怀的儿童. parentally/pE'rentEli; pE'rentli] adv. parenthood[5peErEnthud; 5perEnt7hud] n [U] (state of) being a parent 做父母的身分: * the responsibilities of parenthood 父母的责任. 复合： ,parent `company commercial company that owns or controls one or more other companies 母公司; 总公司. ,parent-`teacher association (abbr 缩写 PTA) organization of teachers and schoolchildren's parents, formed to improve relations and understanding between them 家长教师联谊会.

parenthesis
[pE'renWEsis; pE'renWEsis] n (pl -eses[-Esi:z; -E9siz/) 1 [C] additional word, phrase or sentence inserted into a passage which would be complete without it, and usu separated from it by brackets, dashes or commas 插入成分, 插入词语, 插入句（通常置於括号内或以破折号或逗号隔开）. 2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] either of a pair of round brackets (like these) used to enclose an additional word, phrase, etc （圆）括号（一边或一对）. =>App 3 见附录3. 3 in parenthesis enclosed between parentheses 在（圆）括号里: * The statistics were given in parenthesis. 统计数字在括号里. * (fig 比喻) Let me add, in parenthesis, ..., ie as an aside... 让我加一句题外话.... 派生：parenthetic[7pArEn'Wetik; 7pArEn'Wetik] , parenthetical[-ikl; -ikl] adjs of, relating to or inserted as a parenthesis （有关）插入词语的, 括号的, 括号里的: * parenthetical remarks 插入的词语. parenthetically[-kli; -kli] adv.

pariah
[pE'raiE, 'priE; pE'raiE, 'pAriE] n 1 social outcast 社会的遗弃者; 贱民: * be treated as a pariah 被待作贱民. 2 (in India) person of no caste or of very low caste （印度的）贱民, 帕利亚（洁净种姓以外的社会阶层的人）.

parietal
[pE'raiEtl; pE'raiEtl] adj (anatomy 解) of either of the bones (parietal bones) forming part of the sides and top of the skull 颅腔壁的; 顶骨的.

parish
[5pAriF; 5pAriF] n 1 [C] area within a diocese, having its own church and clergyman 牧区: * He is vicar of a large rural parish. 他是农村一大牧区的牧师. * [attrib 作定语] a parish church 牧区教堂 * a parish priest 牧区牧师 * parish boundaries 牧区范围. 2 (also civil `parish) [C] (in England) area within a county, having its own local government （英国）郡以下的行政区. Cf 参看 borough 1. 3 [CGp] people living in a parish, esp those who attend church regularly 牧区的居民; （尤指）牧区内按时上教堂的教徒: * The parish objected to some of the vicar's reforms. 牧区教徒反对牧师的某些改革措施. 4 (idm 习语) ,parish `pump [attrib 作定语] of or relating to local affairs 地方事务的; 区域性的: * parish-pump affairs, politics, gossip 区域性的事务、 政治、 流言蜚语. 派生： parishioner/pE'riFEnE(r); pE'riFEnl] n inhabitant of a parish, esp one who attends church regularly 牧区居民; （尤指）牧区内按时上教堂的教徒. 复合： ,parish `clerk official with various duties in connection with a parish church 牧区执事. ,parish `council administrative body in a parish(1) 牧区管理委员会. ,parish `register book recording the christenings, marriages and burials that have taken place at the parish church 牧区记事录（记载牧区居民的洗礼、 婚丧等事）.

Parisian
[pE'riziEn; - -iVn; pE'riVEn] adj of or relating to Paris 巴黎的; 关於巴黎的. 派生： Parisian n native or inhabitant of Paris 巴黎人; 巴黎居民.

parity
[5pArEti; 5pArEti] n [U] (fml 文) 1 state of being equal; equality 同等; 相等; 平等: * parity of status, pay, treatment 地位、 工资、 待遇的平等 * Primary school teachers are demanding parity with (ie as much pay as) those in secondary schools. 小学教师要求与中学教师同酬. 2 (finance 财) equivalence of one currency inanother; being at par 平价; 价值对等: * The two currencieshave now reached parity, ie are at par. 这两种货币现已达到同等价值. 复合： ,parity of ex`change official rate of currency exchange agreed by governments 平价汇率.

park
1[pa:k; park] n 1 public garden or recreation ground in a town 公园: * The children have gone to play in the park. 孩子们到公园玩耍去了. 2 enclosed area of grassland, usu planted with trees, attached to a large country house （乡间巨宅的）庭园, （通常指）园林. 3 (US) sports ground or playing-field 运动或游戏场地. 4 (in compounds 用以构成复合词) (large) area of land used for recreation by the public 公共游乐场地: * a,national `park 国家公园 * a sa`fari park 野生动物园 * an a`musement park 游乐场. 复合： `parkland[-lnd; -lAnd] n [U] open grassland with clumps of trees 有树丛的开阔草地: * The house stands in 500 acres of rolling parkland. 那所房子周围有500英亩起伏不平的草地. `parkway n (US) wide road with trees, shrubs, etc along the sides and/or the central strip 林荫大道.

parka
[5pa:kE; 5parkE] n 1 jacket made from skin and with a hood, worn by Eskimos （爱斯基摩人穿的）带风帽的皮外套. 2 jacket or coat shaped like this and worn by mountaineers, etc （登山者穿的类似上述式样的）外套, 大衣, 皮猴儿.

parkin
[5pa:kin; 5parkin] n [U] type of cake made with ginger, oatmeal and treacle 麦片糖姜饼.

parking
[5pa:kiN; 5parkiN] n [U] (a) stopping a motor vehicle at a place and leaving it there for a time 机动车停放: * There is no parking between 9 am and 6 pm. 上午9时至下午6时禁止停放机动车辆. * [attrib 作定语] a parking fine, ie one incurred for parking illegally 违章停车罚款. (b) space or area for leaving vehicles 停车场: * Is there any parking near the theatre? 剧院附近有停车场吗? 复合： `parking-lot n (US) = car-park (car). `parking-meter n meter into which one inserts coins to pay for parking a car beside it for a certain time 停车计时收费器. `parking-ticket n notice of a fine imposed for parking illegally 违章停车罚款通知单: I got a parking-ticket today! 今天我接到一张违章停车罚款通知单!

Parkinson's disease
[5pa:kinsnz dizi:z; 5parkinsEnz di7ziz] (also Parkinsonism[5pa:kinsEnizEm; 7parkinsEn7izm] n [U]) chronic disease of the nervous system causing tremors and weakness of the muscles 帕金森（氏）病; 震颤性麻 .

parky
[5pa:ki; 5parki] adj [usu pred 通常作表语] (Brit dialect infml 方, 口) (of the air, weather, etc) cold; chilly （指空气、 天气等）冷, 寒冷.

parlance
[5pa:lEns; 5parlEns] n [U] (fml 文) particular way of speaking or use of words; phraseology 说法; 用语; 措辞; 术语: * in common parlance 用普通的说法 * in legal parlance 用法律术语.

parley
[5pa:li; 5parli] n (pl ~s) (esp formerly) meeting between enemies or opponents to discuss terms for peace, etc （尤指旧时）敌对双方的和谈: * arrange/hold a parley with sb 安排和某人讲和. 派生： parley v [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb) have a parley 与某人谈判.

parliament
[5pa:lEmEnt; 5parlEmEnt] n 1 [CGp] assembly that makes the laws of a country 议会; 国会: * the French, Spanish, etc parliament 法国、 西班牙等的议会. 2 Parliament chief law-making assembly of the United Kingdom, consisting of the House of Commons, the House of Lords and the sovereign 英国国会（包括下议院、 上议院和英王）: * the ,Houses of `Parliament 国会两院 * a ,Member of `Parliament 国会议员 * The issue was debated in Parliament. 这问题在国会中辩论过. * get into (ie be elected a Member of) Parliament 被选为议员 * adjourn, dissolve (a) Parliament 国会休会、 解散国会 * the State Opening of Parliament, ie the ceremony in which the sovereign opens a new session of Parliament （君主参加的新的一届）国会会议开幕式. 3 [C] Parliament as it exists during the period of time between one General Election and the next 两次大选之间的一届议会或国会: * The government is unlikely to get the bill through within (the lifetime of) this Parliament. 政府不大可能在本届国会（会期）内通过该项法案. 4 [C] building where a parliament meets 议会或国会的大厦. 派生： parliamentarian[7pa:lEmEn'teEriEn; 7parlEmen'teriEn] n person who is skilled at debating in parliament议会中的雄辩家: * one of our most eminent parliamentarians我国议会中数一数二的雄辩家. parliamentary[7pa:lE'mentri; 7parlE'mentEri] adj 1 [usu attrib 通常作定语] of or relating to parliament 国会的; 议会的; 关於议会或国会的: * parliamentary debates 议会辩论 * parliamentary procedure 议会程序 * a parliamentary recess 国会休会期. 2 (of behaviour, language, etc) polite enough and suitable for parliament （指举止、 语言等）符合议会礼节的.

parlour
(US parlor)[5pa:lE(r); 5parll] n 1 (formerly) sitting-room in a private house, esp one where people may receive visitors or talk privately （旧时）起居室, 客厅, 会客室. 2 (in compounds 用以构成复合词) (esp US) shop providing certain goods or services （出售商品或提供服务的）店, 馆: * a `beauty/an ice-`cream/a `funeral parlor 美容院、 冷食店、 殡仪馆. 复合： `parlour car = Pullman. `parlour game game played in the home, eg a word-game 家中玩的游戏（如填字游戏）.

parlous
[5pa:lEs; 5parlEs] adj (fml or rhet 文或修辞) full of danger or uncertainty; dangerous; very bad 充满危险或不定因素的; 危险的; 恶劣的: * the parlous state of international relations 国际关系危机四伏 * English tennis is in a parlous condition. 英国网球运动不堪设想.

Parmesan
[5pa:mizAn; - 7pa:rmi'zAn; 7parmE'zAn] n [U] (also ,Parmesan `cheese) type of hard cheese made in Italy, usu grated and served on pasta dishes 帕尔马乾酪（意大利产的硬乾酪, 通常磨碎佐面食用）.

parochial
[pE'rEukiEl; pE'rokiEl] adj 1 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (fml 文) of or relating to a church parish 牧区的; 关於牧区的: * parochial matters 牧区事务. 2 (derog 贬) showing interest in a limited area only; narrow 偏狭的; 狭隘的: * a parochial person, attitude, event 心胸狭隘的人、 偏狭的态度、 地方事件 * He is rather too parochial in his outlook. 他的眼界未免过於狭隘了. > parochialism[-izEm; -7izm] n [U] parochially[-kIElI; -kIElI/ adv.

parody
[5pArEdi; 5pArEdi] n 1 [C, U] ~ (of sth) (piece of) speech, writing or music that imitates the style of an author, composer, etc in an amusing and often exaggerated way; comic imitation 诙谐模仿的言语、 文字或音乐（作品）: * a parody of a Shakespearian sonnet, an operatic aria, a well-known politician 对莎士比亚十四行诗、 歌剧咏叹调、 着名政治家演说的滑稽模仿 * She has a gift for parody. 她有模仿他人风格的天才. 2 [C] thing that is done so badly that it seems to be an intentional mockery of what it should be; travesty 做得极糟的事物（迹近荒谬）; 拙劣的模仿: * The trial was a parody of justice. 那场审判是对正义的嘲弄. 派生：parodist[-ist; -ist] n person who writes parodies 滑稽模仿作品作者: * a gifted parodist 有才华的滑稽模仿作品作者. parody v (pt, pp -died) [Tn] make a parody(1) of (sb/sth); imitate comically 滑稽地模仿（某人[某事物]）: parody an author, a style, a poem 滑稽地模仿一作家、 一种风格、 一首诗.

parole
[pE'rEul; pE'rol] n 1 [C, U] promise made by a prisoner that he will not try to escape if released for a limited time, or commit another crime if released before the end of his sentence (used esp in the expressions shown) （为获假释而作刑满前不逃跑或不犯罪的）誓言（尤用於以下示例）: * be on parole, ie have been released after making this promise 宣誓後获假释 * let sb out/release sb on parole 让某人宣誓後出狱[获假释] * break (one's) parole, ie commit a crime after being released from prison or fail to return to prison at the specified time 违誓（假释期间犯新罪或逾期不返监狱）. 2 [sing] release of a prisoner after he has made this promise of good behaviour 假释: * He's hoping to get parole. 他希望获得假释. 派生： parole v [Tn] release (a prisoner) on parole 准许（犯人）宣誓後获假释.

paroxysm
[5pArEksizEm; 5pArEks7izEm] n sudden attack or outburst (of anger, laughter, pain, etc) （愤怒、 大笑、 疼痛等的）发作: * He went into a paroxysm of rage, ie became very angry. 他勃然大怒. * paroxysms of coughing, giggling, etc 一阵咳嗽、 傻笑等.

parquet
[5pa:kei; - pa:r'kei; par'ke] n [U] flooring made of wooden blocks arranged in a pattern 拼花地板: * [attrib 作定语] a parquet floor 拼花地板.

parr
[pa:(r); par] n (pl unchanged or ~s 复数或不变或作 parrs) young salmon 幼 .

parricide
[5pArisaid; 5pArE7said] n 1 [C, U] (act of) killing one's father or a close relative 杀父或杀近亲（的行为）. 2 [C] person guilty of this 杀父者; 杀近亲者. Cf参看 patricide. > parricidal[7pri5saidl; 5pArE7saidl] adj .

parrot
[5pArEt; 5pArEt] n 1 any of various types of tropical bird with hooked beaks and brightly-coloured feathers, some of which can be trained to imitate human speech 鹦鹉. =>illus 见插图. 2 (esp derog 尤作贬义) person who repeats sb else's words or imitates his actions without thinking 盲目重复他人的话或模仿他人行为的人. 3 (idm 习语) sick as a parrot => sick. 派生： parrot v [Tn] repeat (the words or actions of sb else) without thinking 盲目重复（某人的话）; 盲目模仿（某人的行为）. 复合： `parrot-fashion adv (derog 贬) without thinking about or understanding the meaning of sth 鹦鹉学舌般地: learn/repeat sth parrot-fashion 机械地学习[重复]某事物.

parry
[5pri; 5pAri] v (pt, pp parried) [Tn] 1 turn aside or ward off (a blow or an attack) by using one's own weapon or one's hand to block it （用手中武器或徒手）格开, 挡开（打击）. =>illus at fencing (fence) 见fencing插图. 2 (fig 比喻) avoid having to answer (sth) 对（某事）避而不答, 支吾搪塞: * parry an awkward question 回避一令人尴尬的问题. 派生： parry n act of parrying, esp in fencing and boxing 挡开, 闪避（尤指击剑和拳击中）.

parse
[pa:z; - pa:rs; pars] v [Tn] (grammar) 1 describe the grammatical form and function of (a word), giving its part of speech, case1(8), etc 对（一词）作语法分析. 2 divide (a sentence) into parts and describe them grammatically 对（句子）作语法分析.

Parsee
[7pa:'si:; par'si] n member of a religious sect in India whose ancestors originally came from Persia; believer in Zoroastrianism 琐罗亚斯德教教徒（祖先来自波斯的印度教派）.

parsimony
[5pa:simEni; - -mEuni; 5parsE7moni] n [U] (fml 文) excessive carefulness in spending money or using resources; meanness 吝啬; 小气; 过分节俭. 派生： parsimonious[7pa:si'mEuniEs; 7parsE'moniEs] adj (fml 文) very careful in spending money or using resources; mean 吝啬的; 小气的; 非常节俭的: * aparsimonious old man 非常节俭的老头. parsimoniouslyadv. parsimoniousness n [U] = parsimony.

parsley
[5pa:sli; 5parsli] n [U] herb with crinkled green leaves used for flavouring and decorating food 欧芹: * [attrib 作定语] parsley sauce 欧芹沙司.

parsnip
[5pa:snip; 5parsnip] n (a) [C] plant with along, pale yellow, edible root 欧洲防风（根长, 淡黄色, 可食）. =>illus at turnip 见turnip插图. (b) [C, U] this root cooked as a vegetable 欧洲防风根: * [attrib 作定语] parsnip soup 欧洲防风根汤.

parson
[5pa:sn; 5parsn] n 1 (in the Church of England) parish priest; vicar or rector （英国国教的）牧区牧师, 牧区教堂牧师. 2 (infml 口) any Protestant clergyman 新教教士. 派生： parsonage[-idV; -idV] n parson's house; vicarage or rectory 牧区牧师住宅; 牧区教堂牧师的住所. 复合： parson's `nose (US pope's `nose) (infml 口) piece of flesh at the tail end of a cooked bird, esp a chicken （烹调过的禽类的）屁股肉（尤指鸡的）.

part
1[pa:t; part] n (often without a when singular 用作单数时, 常不用冠词a) 1 [C] ~ (of sth) some but not all of a thing or number of things 部分: * We spent (a) part of our holiday in France. 我们假期一段时间是在法国度过的. * The early part of her life was spent in Paris. 她早年住在巴黎. * She had a miserable holiday she was ill for part of the time. 她假日过得很不痛快--因为病了一段时间. * The film is good in parts. 这部影片有些部分还不错. * Parts of the book are interesting. 这部书有些地方写得很有趣. * We've done the difficult part of the job. 我们已把工作中的困难部分做完了. * The police only recovered part of the stolen money. 警方只追回了部分赃款. * Part of the building was destroyed in the fire. 建 物有一部分已烧毁. 2 [C] ~ (of sth) (a) distinct portion of a human or animal body or of a plant （人或动植物可区分的）部分: * the parts of the body 身体各部 * Which part of your leg hurts? 你腿上哪儿痛? (b) (usu essential) piece or component of a machine or structure （机器或结构的）部件, （通常指）组成部分: * lose one of the parts of the lawn-mower 丢失刈草机上的一个零件 * the working parts of a machine 机器的操作部件 * spare parts 备件. (c) area or region of a country, town, etc （国家、 市镇等的）地区, 区域: * Which parts of France have you visited? 你去过法国哪些地方? * Which part of London do you come from? 你是伦敦什麽地方的人? * Do come and visit us if you're ever in our part of the world. 什麽时候到我们这一带来, 一定来和我们见见面. (d) member of sth 成员: * We'd like you to feel you're part of the family. 希望你能感到像一家人一样. * work as part of a team 作为小组中一员进行工作. 3 [C] division of a book, broadcast serial, etc, esp as much as is published or broadcast at one time （书、 广播连续节目等）部, 集（尤指长短适合於一次出版或播出者）:

part1
* a TV serial in 10 parts, ie instalments 十集电视连续剧 * an encyclopaedia published in 25 weekly parts 每周出一次, 分25个星期出齐的一套百科全书 * Henry IV, Part II 《亨利四世．第二部分》. 4 [C] each of several equal portions of a whole （整体的若干等份中的）一部分: * a sixtieth part of a minute 一分钟的六十分之一 * She divided the cake into three parts. 她把饼分成叁份. 5 [C usu sing 通常作单数] ~ (in sth) person's share in an activity; role （活动中的）个人部分, 作用, 本分: * Everyone must do his part. 大家都要做好分内的事. * He had no part in the decision. 他并未参予那一决定. * I want no part in this sordid business. 我不想和这一肮脏勾当有任何瓜葛. 6 [C] (a) role played by an actor in a play, film, etc （戏剧、 电影等中的）人物, 角色: * He took/played the part of Hamlet. 他去哈姆雷特这个角色. * He was very good in the part. 这个角色他扮演得十分出色.* (fig 比喻) He's always acting/playing a part, ie pretending to be what he is not. 他老是装模作样. (b) words spoken by an actor playing a particular role 角色的台词: * Have you learnt your part yet? 你的台词背熟了吗? 7 [C] (music 音) melody or other line of music given to a particular voice or instrument 部; 声部; 段: * sing in three parts 叁部合唱 * the piano, violin, cello, etc part 钢琴、 小提琴、 大提琴等部. 8 parts [pl] region or area 地区; 地域: * She's not from these parts. 她不是这一带的人. * He's just arrived back from foreign parts. 他刚从国外归来. 9 [C] (US) =parting 2. 10 (idm 习语) the best part of sth most of sth (esp a period of time) （某事物的）绝大部分（尤指一段时间）: * I spent the best part of an hour trying to find my car keys. 我花了近一个小时找汽车钥匙. * You must have drunk the best part of a bottle of wine last night. 你昨天晚上喝了准有一瓶葡萄酒. the better part of sth more than half of sth （某事物的）大半, 多半:

part2
* We've lived here for the better part of a year. 我们在这里住了多半年了. discretion is the better part of valour => discretion. for the `most part on the whole; usually; mostly 整体上; 通常; 多半: * Japanese TV sets are, for the most part, of excellent quality. 日本电视机大多质量优良. for `my part as far as I am concerned 就我来说: * For my part, I don't mind where we eat. 对我来说, 到哪儿吃饭都无所谓. the greater part of sth => great. in `part to a certain extent; partly 在某种程度上; 部分地: * His success was due in part to luck. 他成功的部分原因是运气好. look the part wear clothes or have an appearance suitable for a job, role, position, etc 在什麽场合就有什麽扮相: * At her wedding the new princess certainly looked the part. 王妃在婚礼上还挺是那麽回事. a man/woman of (many) `parts person with many skills or talents 多面手; 多才多艺的人. on the part of sb/on sb's part made or done by sb 由某人做出: * It was an error on my part. 那是我的过失. * The agreement has been kept on my part but not on his, ie by me but not by him. 我一直遵守协议, 但他并不遵守. part and parcel of sth an essential part of sth 主要部分; 重要部分: * Keeping the accounts is part and parcel of my job. 我的工作主要是记帐. play a part (in sth) (a) be involved in an activity 参加某活动: * She plays an active part in local politics. 她积极参与地方政治活动. (b) make a contribution to sth; have a share in sth 对某事起作用、 有贡献; 参与: * She played a major part in the success of the scheme. 她对该计画的成功起了重要作用. * We all have a part to play in the fight against crime. 在与犯罪活动的斗争中人人有责. * Economic factors have played a significant part in Britain's decline as a world power. 英国在世界强国中的地位逐渐衰弱, 主要是经济因素造成的. take sth in good `part react to sth in a good-natured way; not be offended by sth 对某事物往好处想; 不计较; 不介意:

part3
* He took the teasing in good part. 他认为逗弄他并无恶意. take part (in sth) have a share or role in sth with others; be involved in sth; participate in sth 参加, 参与（某事物）: * take part in a discussion, demonstration, game, fight, celebration 参加讨论、 游行、 比赛、 战斗、 庆祝 * How many countries will be taking part (in the World Cup)? 有多少国家要参加（世界杯赛）? take sb's `part support sb (eg in an argument) 支持某人（如在辩论中）: * His mother always takes his part. 他母亲总是站在他一边. > part adv partly 部分地: * She is part French, part English. 她有法国血统, 也有英国血统. * The dress is part silk, part wool. 这件连衣裙是丝毛混纺的. * Her feelings were part anger, part relief. 她既感愤怒又觉宽慰. partly adv to some extent 在一定程度上: She was only partly responsible for the accident. 这次事故她只有几分责任. * It was partly her fault. 有一部分是她的错. 复合： ,part-ex`change n [U] method of buying sth in which an article (eg a car) is given as part of the payment for a more expensive one 部分抵价交易法（用旧物抵一部分价款购买较昂贵同类物品的方法, 如将旧汽车作价）: offer/take sth in part-exchange 以部分抵价交易法出售[购买]某物. ,part of `speech (grammar) one of the classes into which words are divided in grammar, eg noun, adjective, verb, etc 词类（如名词、 形容词、 动词等）. ,part-`owner n person who shares the ownership of sth with sb else 共有者（与他人共同所有某事物者）: Tim is part-owner of the flat. 蒂姆有该居住单位的部分产权. ,part-`ownership n [U]. `part-singing n [U] singing part-songs 多声部合唱. `part-song n song with three or more parts (part1 7) 合唱曲. ,part-`time adj, adv for only a part of the working day or week （一天或一星期中）部分时间工作的; 兼职的:,part-time `work/em`ployment 兼职工作[非全职雇 ]

part4
* She's looking for a ,part-time `job. 她在寻找兼职工作. * ,part-time `workers 兼职工作人员 * work part-`time 兼职工作. ,part-`timer n part-time worker 兼职工作者. Cf 参看 full-time (full).

partake
[pa:'teik; par'tek] v (pt partook[-'tuk; -'tuk] , pp partaken[-'teikEn; -'tekEn] ) [I, Ipr] ~ (of sth) (fml or rhet 文或修辞) eat or drink a part or portion of sth 吃; 喝: * They invited us to partake of their simple meal. 他们邀请我们吃便饭. * Will you partake of a glass of sherry? 你要喝杯雪利酒吗?

parterre
[pa:'teE(r); par'ter] n level space in a large garden, with ornamental flower beds separated by lawns or paths （花园中的）花坛区.

parthenogenesis
[7pa:WinEu'dVenEsis; 7parWEno'dVenEsis] n [U] (biology 生) type of reproduction in some insects and plants, in which the ovum develops without being fertilized by the male 单性生殖; 孤雌生殖.

Parthian shot
[7pa:WiEn 'FCt; 7parWiEn 'Fat] sharp or telling remark made by sb as he leaves 临别所说的刻薄话. Cf 参看 a parting shot (parting).

partial
[5pa:Fl; 5parFEl] adj 1 of or forming a part; not complete 部分的; 不完全的: * a partial recovery, eg after an illness 部分复原 * Our holiday was only a partial success. 我们的假日过得只能说是差强人意. * a partial eclipse of the sun 日偏食. 2 [usu pred 通常作表语] ~ (towards sb/sth) showing too much favour to one person or side; biased 偏心; 偏向; 偏袒: * The referee was accused of being partial (towards the home team). 裁判受指责（对本地队）偏心. Cf 参看 impartial. 3 [pred 作表语] ~ to sb/sth having a strong liking for sb/sth 偏爱某人[某事物]的: * He's (rather) partial to a glass of brandyafter dinner. 他（很）爱饭後喝一杯白兰地. 派生： partiality[7pa:Fi'AlEti; 7parFi'AlEti] n 1 [U] ~ (towards sb/sth) being partial(2); bias; favouritism 偏向; 偏见; 偏袒: * He judged the case without partiality. 他判决该案十分公正. 2 [C] ~ for sb/sth liking or fondness for sb/sth 偏爱、 爱好某人[某事物]: * She has a partiality for French cheese. 她偏爱法国乾酪. partially[5pa:FEli; 5parFEli] adv 1 not completely; partly 不完全地; 部分地: * He is partially paralysed. 他身体有一部分瘫痪了. 2 in a partial(2) manner 偏心地; 偏向地; 偏袒地.

participate
[pa:'tisipeit; par'tisE7pet] v [I, Ipr] ~ (in sth) take part or become involved (in an activity) 参加, 参与（某活动）: * participate in a competition, discussion, meeting 参加竞赛、 讨论、 会议 * She actively participates in local politics. 她积极参与本地政治活动. * How many countries will be participating (in the Olympic Games)? 有多少国家要参加（奥林匹克运动会）? 派生： participant/pa:'tisipEnt; par'tisEpEnt] n ~ (in sth) person or group of people who participate in sth 参加者: * All the participants in the debate had an opportunity to speak. 所有参加辩论的人都有机会发言. participation/pa:7tisi'peiFn; par7tisE'peFEn] n [U] ~ (in sth) (action of) participating in sth 参加: * Union leaders called for the active participation of all members in the day of protest. 工会领袖号召抗议那天全体会员积极参加.

participle
[5pa:tisipl; 5partE7sipl] n (grammar) word formed from a verb, ending in -ing (present participle) or -ed, -en, etc (past participle) and used in verb phrases (eg She is going or She has gone) or as an adjective (eg a fascinating story) 分词: * `Hurrying' and `hurried' are the present and past participles of `hurry'. hurrying和hurried是hurry的现在分词和过去分词. 派生： participial[7pa:ti'sipiEl; 7partE'sipiEl] adj consistingof or being a participle 由分词组成的; 分词的: * `Loving' in `a loving mother' and `polished' in `polished wood'are participial adjectives. *loving mother中的loving和polished wood中的polished是分词形容词.

particle
[5pa:tikl; 5partikl] n 1 very small bit or piece (of sth) 微粒; 粒子: * particles of dust/dust particles 尘埃 * He choked on a particle of food. 他让一小粒食物噎住了. 2 smallest possible amount 极少量: * There's not a particle of truth in her story. 她讲的没有一句实话. 3 (also ad,verbial `particle) (grammar) word (eg away, back, down) used esp after a verb to show position, direction of movement, etc 副词小词（如away、 back、 down, 尤用於动词後, 表示位置、 运动方向等）: * In `break down' and `tell sb off', `down' and `off' are adverbial particles. 在break down和tell sb off两词组中, down和off都是副词小词.

particoloured
[5pa:tikQlEd; 5parti7kQlld] (US -colored)adj having different colours in different parts 杂色的; 斑驳的.

particular
[pE'tikjulE(r); pl'tikjEll] adj 1 [attrib 作定语] relating to one person or thing rather than others; individual 个别的; 个人的: * in this particular case 在此个别情况中 * his particular problems 他个人的问题 * Is there any particular colour you would prefer? 你有什麽特别喜欢的颜色吗? 2 [attrib 作定语] more than usual; special; exceptional 非一般的; 特别的; 特殊的: * a matter of particular importance 特别重要的事情 * for no particular reason 无特殊原因 * She took particular care not to overcook the meat. 她特别小心不把肉烹调过火. * He is a particular friend of mine. 他是我的特殊朋友. 3 ~ (about/over sth) giving close attention to detail; difficult to please; fussy 非常讲究的; 难以满足的; 挑剔的; 吹毛求疵的: * She's very particular about what she wears. 她对衣着很讲究. * She's a very particular person. 她这个人很挑剔. * particular about cleanliness, money matters, one's appearance 对清洁、 钱财、 个人仪表很认真. 4 (idm 习语) in par`ticular especially or specifically尤其; 特别: * The whole meal was good but the wine in particular was excellent. 整顿饭都很好, 尤其是葡萄酒更好. * `Is there anything in particular you'd like for dinner?’ `No, nothing in particular.’ ‘正餐你有什麽特别喜欢的菜吗?‘没有, 什麽都行. ’ 派生： particular n (often pl 常作复数) piece of information; detail; fact 信息; 细节; 事项: Her account is correct in every particular/all particulars. 她的帐目笔笔无误. * He gave full particulars of the stolen property. 他详细列出全部被盗的财物. * The policewoman wrote down his particulars, ie his name, address, etc. 女警记下了他的个人资料. particularity/pE7tikju'lArEti; pl7tikjE'lArEti] n [U] (a) quality of being individual or particular(1) 个别的特性; 个性. (b) attention to detail; exactness 仔细; 精细; 详细; 精确.

particular1
particularize, -ise/pE'tikjulEraiz; pl'tikjElE7raiz] v [I, Tn] name or state (sth) specially or one by one; specify (items) 逐一列举或具体说明（某事物）. particularization, -isation/pE7tikjulErai'zeiFn; pl7tikjElErE'zeFEn] n [U]. particularly adv especially 尤其; 特别地; 特殊地: I like all her novels, but her latest is particularly good. 她的小说我都喜欢, 最新的一部尤其好. * Be particularly careful when driving at night. 晚上开车要特别小心. * I particularly want to see that film. 我特别想看那部电影.

parting
[5pa:tiN; 5partiN] n 1 [C, U] (act of) leaving sb; departure 离开某人; 分别; 分手: * a tearful parting 泪而别 * [attrib 作定语] a parting kiss 离别一吻. 2 [C] (US part) line where the hair is combed away in different directions （头发的）分缝. =>illus at hair 见hair插图. 3 (idm 习语) a/the ,parting of the `ways (a) place where a road, etc divides into two （道路等的）一分为二的地方; 叁岔路口; 丁字街. (b) point at which one has to decide between two courses of action 须在两者间做出抉择之点. a ,parting `shot action or comment, esp an unfriendly or unkind one, made by a person as he departs 临别的言行（尤指不友好的或恶意的）. Cf 参看 Parthian shot.

partisan
[7pa:ti'zAn, 'pa:tizAn; - 'pa:rtizn; 5partEzn] n 1 enthusiastic and often uncritical supporter of a person, group or cause （对某人、 团体或事业）热心的而常为盲目的拥护者. 2 member of an armed resistance movement in a country occupied by enemy forces 沦陷区内的武装抗敌分子; 游击队员: * [attrib 作定语] partisan warfare 游击战. 派生： partisan adj uncritically supporting a person, group or cause; biased 盲从的; 帮派性强的; 偏袒的: partisan attitudes, feelings, thinking, etc 朋党的看法、 情绪、 见解等 * You must listen to both points of view and try not to be partisan. 你必须兼听双方观点, 尽量做到不偏不倚. partisanship[-Fip; -7Fip] n [U].

partition
[pa:'tiFn; par'tiFEn] n 1 (a) [U] action of dividing or state of being divided into parts, esp the division of one country into two or more nations 分割, 划分, 分裂（尤指国家）: * the partition of India in 1947 1947年印度的分裂. (b) [C] part formed in this way; section （以上述方式形成的）部分. 2 [C] structure that divides a room or space into two parts, esp a thin wall in a house 将房间或空间分成两部分的结构; （尤指房子中的）隔断, 板壁, 隔扇. 派生： partition v 1 [Tn] divide (sth) into parts 将（某事物）分成部分; 分割: India was partitioned in 1947. 印度於1947年分裂. 2 (phr v) partition sth off separate (one area, part of a room, etc) from another with a partition （用分隔物）分隔, 隔开（某处）; 打隔断: We've partitioned off one end of the kitchen to make a breakfast room. 我们已把厨房的一头隔开作吃早饭的房间.

partitive
[5pa:titiv; 5partEtiv] adj (grammar) (of a word or phrase) referring to or indicating a part or quantity of sth （指词或词组）表示部分的. 派生： partitive n (grammar) partitive word or phrase 表示部分的词或词组: `Some' and `any' are partitives. some和any是表示部分的词.

partner
[5pa:tnE(r); 5partnl] n 1 person who takes part in an activity with another or others, esp one of several owners of a business 伙伴; 同伙; （尤指）合伙人, 股东: * She was made a partner in the firm. 她当上了该商行的股东. * a senior/junior partner in a firm of solicitors 律师事务所中资深[资浅]的合伙人 * They were partners in crime. 他们是共犯. 2 either of two people dancing together or playing tennis, cards, etc on the same side （跳舞、 打网球、 玩纸牌等的）同伴, 搭档: * dancing partners 舞伴 * Take your partners for the next dance. 现在开始下一舞曲, 请找好舞伴. * be sb's partner at bridge, badminton, etc 作某人的搭档打桥牌、 羽毛球等. 3 either of two people who are married to one another or having a sexual relationship with one another 配偶; 性伴侣; 情人: * He doesn't have a regular (sexual) partner at the moment. 他现在没有固定的（性）伴侣. 派生： partner v 1 [Tn] act as or be the partner of (sb) 做（某人的）同伴或搭档: partner sb at bridge, tennis, etc 在桥牌、 网球等中做某人的搭档 * partner sb in a tango 和某人共跳探戈舞. 2 (phr v) partner (sb) off (with sb) (cause two people to) become partners (partner 2) （使两人）配成对, 作搭档: We (were) partnered off for the next dance. 下一舞曲我们两人一起跳. partnership[-Fip; -Fip] n ~ (with sb) (a) [U] state of being a partner or partners, esp in business 合伙人身分; 合股; 合伙经营: * She worked in partnership with her sister/They worked in partnership. 她和妹妹合股经营[他们合伙经营]. * He went/entered into partnership with his brother. 他和弟弟合伙做生意. * He and his brother went/entered into partnership. 他和弟弟合伙做生意. (b) [C] two or more people working, playing, etc together as partners （在一起工作、 游戏等的）两人, 一伙人: * a successful partnership 配合默契的人.

partook
pt of partake.

partridge
[5pa:tridV; 5partridV] n (a) [C] (pl unchanged or ~s 复数或不变或作 partridges) any of various types of game-bird with brown feathers, plump bodies and short tails 山鹑. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page v. (b) [U] its flesh eaten as food 山鹑肉.

parturition
[7pa:tju'riFn; - -tFu-; 7partFu'riFEn] n [U] (medical 医) process of giving birth; childbirth 分娩.

party
[5pa:ti; 5parti] n 1 [C] (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) social gathering to which people are invited, esp in order to celebrate sth 社交集会; （尤指）庆祝会, 纪念会: * a `birthday party 生日庆祝会 * a `dinner party 宴会 * a `garden party 游园会 * I'm giving/having/holding a party next Saturday night. 星期六我举行晚会. * [attrib 作定语] a `party dress 宴会服. 2 [CGp] (used esp in compounds or attributively with ns 尤用以构成复合词或用以修饰名词) group of people working or travelling together （一起工作、 同行的）群, 组, 团, 队: * a `search party 搜索组 * The Government set up a working party to look into the problem. 政府成立了工作组调查那个问题. * a party of schoolchildren, tourists, etc 一群小学生、 游客等. 3 [CGp] (used esp in compounds or attributively with ns 尤用以构成复合词或用以修饰名词) political organization with stated aims and policies that puts forward candidates in elections 党; 政党; 党派: * The main political parties in the United States are the Democrats and the Republicans. 美国的主要政党是民主党和共和党. * She's a member of the `Communist Party. 她是共产党员. * [attrib 作定语] the party `leader, `policy, mani`festo 党的领袖、 政策、 宣言 * party `interests, `funds, `members 党的利益、 基金、 成员 * the `party system, ie government based on political parties 政党制度（即政党统治）. 4 [C] (law 律) person or people forming one side in a legal agreement or dispute （契约或争论中的）一方, 当事人: * the guilty party, ie the person who is to blame for sth 有罪过的一方 * Is this solution acceptable to all parties concerned? 这个解决办法有关各方是否都能接受? 5 [C] (dated infml 旧, 口) person 人. 6 (idm 习语) be (a) party to sth participate in, knowabout or support (an action, a plan, etc) 参与、 了解或支持（某行动、 计画等）:

party1
* be party to an agreement, a crime, a decision parvenu /// [5pa:vEnju:; - -nu:; 5parvE7nu] n (derog 贬) person who has suddenly risen from a low social or economic position to one of wealth or power 暴发户; 新贵.

paschal
[5pAskl, also 'pa:skl; 5pAskl] adj (religion 宗) 1 of the Jewish Passover 逾越节的. 2 of Easter 复活节的.

pass
1[pa:s; - pAs; pAs] n 1 success in an examination 及格: * get a pass in French 法语及格 * 2 passes and 3 fails 两门及格, 叁门不及格. 2 (a) paper or card giving sb permission, eg to enter, leave or be absent from a place 通行证; 许可证: * All visitors must show their passes before entering the building. 参观者须出示许可证方可进入该建 物. * There is no admittance without a pass. 无通行证者不得入内. (b) any of various types of bus ticket or train ticket, esp one allowing sb to travel regularly along a particular route over a specified period of time or to travel at a reduced fare or free of charge （公共汽车或火车的）乘车券（尤指在某期间在某固定路线上使用的或优待或免费搭乘的票据）: * a monthly bus pass, ie one that is valid for a month 公共汽车月票. 3 ~ (to sb) (in football, hockey, Rugby, etc) act of kicking, hitting or throwing the ball to a player of one's own side （足球、 曲棍球、 橄榄球等中的）传球: * a long pass to the striker 给前锋的长传. 4 (route through a) gap or low point in a range of mountains 关隘; 山口; 山道; 山路. 5 (in card-games) act of not playing a card or making a bid when it is one's turn （纸牌戏中）不出牌, 不叫牌, 弃权. 6 (esp in conjuring) movement of the hand or of sth held in the hand over or in front of sth （尤指变戏法时）用手或手中物对某物施遮眼法的动作, 手法: * The conjuror made a few passes with his hand over the hat. 魔术师用手在帽子上方来回移动了几下. 7 (in fencing) thrust or lunge （击剑中的）戳刺, 滑刺, 滑剑. 8 (idm 习语) bring sth to `pass (fml 文) cause sth to happen 使某事发生. come to `pass (fml 文) actually occur as predicted, planned or hoped for 实现; 发生: * Many people would like the electoral system to be reformed but I don't believe this will ever come to pass. 很多人都想要改革选举制度, 但我认为不可能实现. come to such a `pass/a pretty `pass reach a sad or critical state 处境不妙; 情况危急:

pass1
* Things have come to a pretty pass when the children have to prepare their own meals. 要孩子自己动手做饭, 事情就一塌糊涂了. make a pass at sb (infml 口) try to attract sb sexually 向某人调情. sell the pass => sell. 复合： `passbook n (a) book recording the amounts of money a customer pays into or takes out of an account with a bank or building society 银行存摺; 房屋建 协会借贷簿. Cf 参看 bank-book (bank3). (b) (in S Africa) official document giving details of one's race, residence and employment, which must be carried at all times by non-Whites （南非的）有色人种身分证明书. `pass degree (in British universities) degree awarded to a student whose work is thought to be acceptable but not of a good enough standard to qualify for honours (honour1 6) （英国大学的）普通学士学位. `passkey n (a) key to a door or gate given to people who have a right to enter 专用钥匙（给予有权进入某处者持有）. (b) =master-key (master1). `pass law (in S Africa) any of a group of laws restricting the movement of non-Whites and requiring them to carry identification at all times （南非的）有色人种旅行法. `password (also watchword) n secret word or phrase used by sb to indicate to sb else (eg a sentry) that he is a friend rather than an enemy 口令: give the password 答口令.

passable
[5pa:sEbl; - 'pAs-; 5pAsEbl] adj 1 [usu pred 通常作表语] (a) (of roads) clear of obstructions (esp snow) and therefore able to be driven on （指道路）可通行（尤指清除积雪後）: * The mountain roads are not passable until late spring. 山路要到春季末期才能通行. (b) (of a river) that can be crossed （指河流）可以横渡. 2 fairly good but not excellent; adequate 还好的; 尚可的; 过得去的: * a passable knowledge of German 粗通德语. 派生： passably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv adequately or acceptably 还好; 尚可; 过得去.

passage
[5pAsidV; 5pAsidV] n 1 [U] (a) process of passing 过; 经过: * the passage of time 时间的推移. (b) action of going past, through or across sth 通过; 穿过; 横过: * The passage of motor vehicles is forbidden. 机动车禁止通行. (c) freedom or right to go through or across sth 通行权; 通行自由: * They were denied passage through the occupied territory. 他们被禁止穿越占领区. 2 [C usu sing 通常作单数] way through sth 通路; 通道: * force a passage through the crowd 在人群中挤出一条通路. 3[C] (cost of a ticket for a) journey from one place to another by ship or plane; voyage （乘船或飞机的）航程, 旅行, 旅费: * book one's passage to New York 订购去纽约的票 * He worked his passage to Australia, eg paid for the journey by doing jobs on the ship he was travelling on. 他在去澳大利亚旅行的船上做工偿付船费. 4 (also `passageway) [C] narrow way through sth, esp with walls on both sides; corridor 通道; （尤指）走廊. 5 [C] tube-like structure in the human body, through which air, secretions, etc pass （人体内的）管道（如气管、 分泌管道等）: * the nasal passages 鼻腔通道 * (infml 口) the back passage, ie the anus 肛门. 6 [C] short section from a book, speech, piece of music, etc quoted or considered on its own （书、 讲话、 音乐等的）一段, 一节: * a passage from the Bible 《圣经》的一段经文. 7 [U] passing of a bill1(4) by a parliament so that it becomes law （法案的）通过.

passe
[5pAsei; - pA'sei; pA'se] adj [usu pred 通常作表语] (French 法) (a) out of date; old-fashioned 过时; 陈旧; 旧式: * I'm beginning to find her novels rather passe. 我逐渐觉得她的小说格调陈旧. (b) past his/her/its best 全盛期已过: * He was a fine actor but he's a bit passe now. 他曾是优秀演员, 但现在最红时期已过.

passenger
[5pAsindVE(r); 5pAsndVl] n 1 person travelling in a car, bus, train, plane, ship, etc, other than the driver, the pilot or a member of the crew 乘客: * The driver of the car was killed in the crash but both passengers escaped unhurt. 事故中汽车司机丧生, 但两名乘客幸未受伤. * [attrib 作定语] the passenger seat, ie the seat next to the driver's seat in a motor vehicle （司机座旁的）客座 * a passenger train, ie one carrying passengers rather than goods 铁路的客车. 2 (infml 口 esp Brit) member of a team, crew, etc who does not do as much work as the others （团体中的）闲散人员: * This firm can't afford (to carry) passengers. 这家商行养不起闲散人员.

passim
[5pAsim; 5pAsim] adv (Latin 拉) (of phrases, etc) occurring throughout or at several points in a book, an article, etc （指词语等）（在某书、 某文章等中出现於）各处, 到处, 多处.

passing
[5pa:siN; - 'pAs-; 5pAsiN] adj 1 lasting for a short time; brief; fleeting 短暂的; 短促的; 飞逝的: * a passing thought, fancy 闪现的念头、 幻想. 2 casual; cursory 随便的; 不经意的; 粗略的: * a passing glance, reference, remark 顺便的看一眼、 一提、 一说. 派生： passing n [U] 1 process of going by 经过: the passing of time, the years 时间、 年月的流逝. 2 (fml 文) (a) end 末尾; 尽头: the passing of the old year, ie on New Year's Eve 除夕. (b) (euph 婉) death 去世: They all mourned his passing. 大家都对他的逝世表示悲痛. 3 (idm 习语) in passing casually; incidentally 随便地; 碰巧地; 顺便地: mention sth in passing 顺便提某事.

passion
[5pAFn; 5pAFEn] n 1 (a) [U, C] strong feeling, eg of hate, love or anger 强烈的情感（如恨、 爱、 怒）: * She argued with great passion. 她争论时情绪很激动. * Passions were running high at the meeting, ie people were in an angry or emotional state. 会上群情鼎沸. (b) [sing] angry state; rage (used esp in the expressions shown) 愤怒, 盛怒（尤用於以下示例）: * be in a passion 在盛怒中 * get/fly into a passion, ie become very angry 勃然大怒. 2 [U] ~ (for sb) intense, esp sexual, love 强烈的爱（尤指性爱）: * His passion for her made him blind to everything else. 他强烈地爱着她, 对其他一切都已熟视无睹. 3 [sing] (a) ~ for sth strong liking or enthusiasm for sth 酷爱; 热爱: * a passion for chocolate, detective stories, tennis 很喜欢巧克力、 侦探小说、 网球. (b) thing for which sb has a strong liking or enthusiasm 酷爱或热中的事物: * Horse-racing is her passion. 赛马是她最喜爱的运动. * Music is a passion with him. 他酷爱音乐. 4 the Passion [sing] (religion 宗) the suffering and death of Christ 耶稣的受难. 复合： `passion-flower n any of several types of climbing plant with brightly-coloured flowers 西番莲. `passion-fruit n [C, U] edible fruit of certain types of passion-flower 西番莲果实: [attrib 作定语] passion-fruit ice-cream 西番莲果冰激凌. `passion-play n play in which the Passion of Christ is re-enacted 耶稣受难复活剧. ,Passion `Sunday (in the Christian Church) the fifth Sunday in Lent （基督教的）受难主日（大斋期中的第五个星期日）. `Passion Week (in the Christian Church) the week between Passion Sunday and Palm Sunday （基督教的）受难周（从受难主日到棕枝主日的一周）.

passionate
[5pAFEnEt; 5pAFEnit] adj 1 (a) caused by or showing intense sexual love 出於或表现强烈性爱的: * a passionate kiss, lover, relationship 热恋的吻、 情人、 关系. (b) caused by or showing strong feelings 出於或表现强烈感情的: * a passionate plea for mercy 恳切的求情 * her passionate support for our cause 她对我们事业的热情支持 * a passionate defender of civil liberties 公民自由权利的积极捍卫者. 2 dominated or easily affected by strong feelings 受强烈感情支配的; 易受强烈感情影响的: * a passionate nature, temperament, woman 易动感情的天性、 脾气、 女子. 派生： passionately adv (a) in a passionate(1a) way （指性爱）强烈地: He loved her passionately. 他热烈地爱着她. (b) (used before adjs 用於形容词之前) intensely; very 非常; 极度地: She is passionately fond of tennis.她热爱网球. * He is passionately opposed to racial discrimination. 他极端反对种族歧视.

passive
[5pAsiv; 5pAsiv] adj 1 not active; submissive 被动的; 消极的: * play a passive role in a marriage 在婚姻中扮演被动的角色 * passive obedience, acceptance 消极的服从、 接受 * passive smoking, ie breathing in fumes from tobacco being smoked by others 被动吸烟（吸进他人喷出的烟）. 2 showing no interest, initiative or forceful qualities 冷淡的; 不主动的: * a passive audience 无精打采的听众 * He had a passive expression on his face. 他脸上有一种漠然的表情. 3 of the form of a verb used when the grammatical subject is affected by the action of the verb, as in Her leg was broken and He was bitten by a dog 被动的, 被动语态的（如Her leg was broken和He was bitten by a dog两句中的动词形式）: * a passive sentence 被动句. Cf 参看 active. 派生： passive n [sing] (also ,passive `voice) (grammar) passive(3) form of a verb (phrase) or sentence 动词被动形式; 被动句; 被动语态: In the sentence `He was seen there', `was seen' is in the passive. 在He was seen there句中的was seen是被动形式. Cf 参看 active voice (active). passively adv. passiveness (also passivity/pA'sivEti; pA'sivEti] ) n [U] state or quality of being passive(1,2) 消极; 被动; 无兴趣; 冷淡. 复合： ,passive re`sistance resistance to an enemy who has occupied one's country, or to a government, by refusing to co-operate or obey orders 消极抵抗.

Passover
[5pa:sEuvE(r); - 'pAs-; 5pAs7ovl] n Jewish religious festival commemorating the freeing of the Jews from their slavery in Egypt 逾越节（犹太教节日）.

passport
[5pa:spC:t; - 'pAs-; 5pAs7pCrt] n 1 official document issued by the government of a particular country, identifying the holder as a citizen of that country and entitling him to travel abroad under its protection 护照: * a British passport 英国护照. 2 ~ to sth thing that enables one to achieve sth （获得某事物的）手段, 保障: * The only passport to success is hard work. 通往成功的唯一途径是努力奋斗.

past
1[pa:st; - pAst; pAst] adj 1 gone by in time 过去的; 以前的: * in past years, centuries, ages 在过去的年月、 世纪、 年代里 * The time for discussion is past. 讨论的时间已经过去. * in times past 在过去. 2 gone by recently; just finished or ended 刚过去的; 刚完成的; 刚结束的: * The past month has been a difficult one for him. 上个月他很困难. * I've seen little of her in the past few weeks. 近几周我很少见到她. 3 belonging to an earlier time 先前的; 前期的; 以往的: * past happiness 昔日的快乐 * past and present students of the college 该学院的校友和在校学生 * past achievements, failures, generations, presidents 以前的成就、 失败、 世代、 总统. 4 (grammar) (of a verb form) indicating a state or an action in the past （指动词形式）过去式的: * The past tense of `take' is `took'. take的过去式是took. * a past participle, eg passed, taken, gone 过去分词（如passed、 taken、 gone）. 派生： past n 1 the past (a) [sing] time that has gone by 往时; 昔时; 过去: I've been there many times in the past.我从前去过那儿很多次. (b) [sing] things that happenedin an earlier time; past events 往事: memories of the past 对往事的记忆 * look back on, remember, regret the past 回顾、 缅怀、 追悔往事 * We cannot change the past. 往事无可改变. 2 [C] person's past life or career, esp one that is discreditable 过去的生活或职业经历（尤指不名誉的）: We know nothing of his past. 我们对他的经历一无所知. * She's a woman with a `past'. 她早年生活放荡. 3 [sing] (also past tense) (form of a verb) used to describe actions in the past 过去式的（动词形式）: The past of the verb `take' is `took'. take的过去式是took. 4 (idm 习语) a thing of the past => thing. live in the past => live2. 复合： ,past `master ~ (in/of sth); ~ (at sth/doing sth) person who is very skilled or experienced in a particular activity; expert 能手; 老手; 专家: She's a past master at the art of getting what she wants. 她想要什麽就能得到什麽, 堪称一绝.

pasta
[5pAstE; - 'pa:stE; 5pastE] n [U] dried paste made from flour, eggs and water and cut into various shapes, eg macaroni, spaghetti, ravioli 意大利面食（如通心粉、 细面条、 方形饺）: * [attrib 作定语] a pasta dish, eg lasagne 一盘面食（如宽面）. Cf 参看 noodle.

paste
1[peist; pest] n 1 [sing] moist soft mixture, esp of a powdery substance and a liquid 面团: * a smooth, thin, thick, etc paste 一块光滑的、 薄的、 厚的...面团 * She mixed the flour and water to a paste. 她用水和面做成面团. 2 [U] mixture of flour and water used to stick things together, esp to stick paper to a wall 妩强糊. 3 [U] (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) mixture of ground meat or fish for spreading on bread 肉酱; 鱼酱: * anchovy paste 鱼酱 * liver paste 肝酱. 4 [U] hard glass-like substance used to make artificial gems （制人造宝石的）铅玻璃: * [attrib 作定语] paste jewellery 人造宝石.

pasteboard
[5peistbC:d; 5pest7bCrd] n [U] type of thin board made by pasting thin sheets of paper together （用多层纸粘合的）纸板.

pastel
[5pAstl; - pA'stel; pAs'tel] n 1 type of crayon made from coloured chalk 彩色粉笔; 蜡笔: * She works in (ie uses) pastels. 她用彩色粉笔作画. 2 picture drawn with this 彩色粉笔画; 蜡笔画. 3 pale delicate colour 清淡柔和的颜色: * [attrib 作定语] pastel shades/colours 清淡柔和的色彩.

pastern
[5pAstEn; 5pAstln] n part of a horse's foot between the fetlock and the hoof （马的）系部. =>illus at horse 见horse插图.

pasteurize, pasteurise
[5pa:stFEraiz; - 'pAs-; 5pAstE7raiz] v [Tn] heat (a liquid, esp milk) to a certain temperature and then chill it, in order to kill harmful bacteria 用巴氏杀菌法将（液体, 尤指乳）消毒. 派生： pasteurization, -isation/ 9pB:stFEraI5zeIFn; ?@9pAstFErI5zeIFn; 9pAstErE`zeFEn] n [U] process of pasteurizing sth 巴氏杀菌（法）.

pastiche
[pA'sti:F; pAs'tiF] n 1 [C] literary, musical or artistic work in the style of another author, composer, etc （文学、 音乐或艺术的）风格模仿作品. 2 [C] musical, literary or artistic work consisting of elements from various sources （音乐、 文学或艺术的）拼凑品, 混成物, 集锦. 3 [U] art of composing pastiches 模仿艺术: * He has a gift for pastiche. 他有模仿他人作品的天赋.

pastille
[5pAstEl; - pA'sti:l; pAs'til] n small flavoured sweet for sucking, esp one containing medicine for a sore throat; lozenge （药的）锭剂, 糖锭: * throat pastilles 喉片.

pastime
[5pa:staim; - 'pAs-; 5pAs7taim] n thing done to pass the time pleasantly 消遣; 娱乐: * Photography is her favourite pastime. 摄影是她喜爱的消遣.

pastor
[5pa:stE(r); - 'pAs-; 5pAstl] n minister, esp of a Nonconformist church 牧师（尤指不从国教者）.

pastoral
[5pa:stErEl; - 'pAs-; 5pAstErEl] adj 1 relatingto or portraying country life, the countryside or shepherds, esp in an idealized way 乡村生活的, 田园风光的, 牧人的, 田园式的（尤指理想化描述的）: * a pastoral scene, poem, painting 田园风光、 诗、 画 * pastoral poetry/verse 田园诗 * Beethoven's `Pastoral' Symphony 贝多芬的《田园交响曲》. 2 (of land) used for pasture; grassy （指土地）供放牧的, 长满草的. 3 of or relating to a clergyman or his work (esp the spiritual guidance he gives to his congregation) 牧师的, 牧师工作的（尤指对会众心灵上的指引）: * pastoral care, duties, responsibilities, etc 牧师对会众的关顾、 职责、 责任等. 派生： pastoral n 1 pastoral(1) poem, picture, etc 田园诗、 画等. 2 (also pastoral `letter) letter from a clergyman to his congregation, esp one from a bishop to the members of his diocese 教牧书信, （尤指）主教教书（牧师或主教给会众或神职人员的公开信）; 牧函.

pastrami
[pA'stra:mi; pE'strami] n [U] highly seasoned smoked beef 五香熏牛肉.

pastry
[5peistri; 5pestri] n 1 [U] mixture of flour, fat and water baked in an oven and used as a base or covering for tarts, pies, etc 酥皮糕点; 油酥面团: * You eat too much pastry, ie food made with pastry. 你吃油酥点心吃得太多了. 2 [C] item of food in which pastry is used, eg a pie or tart 酥皮糕点: * Danish pastries 丹麦点心. 复合： `pastry-cook n person who makes pastry 制作酥皮糕点的人.

pasture
[5pa:stFE(r); - 'pAs-; 5pAstFl] n 1 [C, U] (piece of) land covered with grass and similar plants, suitable for grazing animals 牧场; 牧地; 草原: * acres of rich pasture 广阔富饶的牧场. 2 [U] grass, etc growing on this land 牧草. 派生： pasture v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] put (animals) to graze in a pasture 放, 牧（牛、 羊等）: pasture one's sheep on the village common 在村庄的公地上放羊. 2 [I, Ipr] (of animals) graze （指牛、 羊等）（在草地上）吃草. pasturage[5pa:stFEridV; - 'pAs-; 5pAstFEridV] n [U] 1 land where animals can graze 牧场. 2 right to graze animals on this land 放牧权.

pasty
1[5peisti; 5pesti] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 of or like paste 妩强糊的; 糊状的: * a pasty substance 糊状物质 * mix to a pasty consistency 混合至糊状的浓度. 2 pale and unhealthy-looking 苍白的; 不健康的: * a pasty face, complexion 苍白的面孔、 脸色. 复合： ,pasty-`faced adj having a pasty complexion 脸色苍白的: a ,pasty-faced `youth 脸色苍白的青年.

pat
1[pAt; pAt] adv 1 at once and without hesitation 立刻而不犹豫地: * Her answer came pat. 她回答得很乾脆. 2 (idm 习语) have/know sth off `pat have memorized or know sth perfectly 对某事物记得或了解得很清楚: * He had all the answers off pat. 他把所有答案都记得很清楚. * She knows the rules off pat. 她对规则了如指掌. stand pat (esp US) refuse to change a decision one has made, an opinion one holds, etc 坚持自己的决定、 意见等. 派生： pat adj 1 exactly right; appropriate 恰好的; 适当的; 适时的. 2 (derog 贬) too quick; glib 过於快的; 伶牙俐齿的; 油嘴滑舌的: It's a complex question and her answer was too pat. 那问题很复杂, 但她的回答简直是脱口而出.

patch
1[pAtF; pAtF] n 1 piece of material placed over a hole or a damaged or worn place to cover or strengthen it 补丁; 补片; 补块: * a jacket with leather patches on the elbows 肘部有皮补丁的外套 * She sewed a patch onto the knee of the trousers. 她在裤子的膝部打了个补丁. * a patch on the inner tube of a tyre 车轮内胎上的补丁. 2 pad worn over an injured eye to protect it （保护受伤的眼睛的）眼罩: * He wears a black patch over his right eye. 他右眼上戴着黑色的眼罩. 3 part of a surface that is different in colour, texture, etc from the surrounding area （与周围颜色、 材料等不同的）斑, 块: * a black dog with a white patch on its neck 脖子上有块白斑的黑狗 * a worn patch on the elbow of a sweater 毛衣肘部的磨损处 * damp patches on a wall 墙上一块块的潮斑. 4 ~ (of sth) small area of sth 小块; 小片: * patches of fog, ice, sunlight 片片的雾、 块块的冰、 斑斑的阳光 * patches of blue in a cloudy sky 云海中露出的几块蓝天 * The ground is wet in patches. 地上湿处片片. 5 small piece of land, esp one used for growing vegetables 小块土地（尤指种菜用的）: * a `cabbage, an `onion, a po`tato, etc patch 洋白菜、 洋葱、 马铃薯等菜地. 6 (Brit infml 口) area in which sb (esp a policeman) works or which he knows well 地区, 地段（尤指警察巡视的）: * He knows every house in his patch. 他熟悉自己管辖区中每所房子. 7 (idm 习语) (go through, hit, strike, etc) a bad `patch (be in, reach, etc) a particularly difficult or unhappy period of time （处於、 遭遇等）困难、 不幸或倒霉的时期: * Their marriage has been going through a bad patch. 他们的婚姻正处在困难时期. * Our firm has just struck a bad patch. 我公司刚遭厄运. not be a patch on sb/sth (infml 口) not be nearly as good as sb/sth 远不如某人[某事物]: * Her latest novel isn't a patch on her others. 她这部新小说比以前所写的差得远.

patch1
复合： ,patch-`pocket n pocket made by sewing a piece of material onto the outside of a garment （衣服上的）贴口袋, 贴兜.

patchouli
[5pAtFuli, pE'tFu:li; 5pAtFuli, pE'tFuli] n 1 [C] fragrant plant grown in the Far East 广藿香（产自远东）. 2 [U] perfume made from this plant 广藿香水.

patchwork
[5pAtFwE:k; 5pAtF7wEk] n 1 [U] type of needlework in which small pieces of cloth with different designs are sewn together 花布拼缝物: * [attrib 作定语] a patchwork bedcover, cushion, quilt, etc 杂拼花布床罩、 垫子、 棉被等. 2 [sing] thing made of various small pieces or parts 拼凑的东西: * a patchwork of fields seen from an aeroplane 从飞机上俯瞰的块块田地.

patchy
[5pAtFi; 5pAtFi] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 existing in or having patches 有补丁的; 有斑或块的: * patchy fog, mist, cloud, etc 团团的雾、 霭、 云等. 2 (fig 比喻) not of the same quality throughout; uneven 东拼西凑的; 质量不一致的; 不均匀的: * a patchy essay, novel, performance 拼凑的文章、 小说、 演出 * His work is rather patchy. 他的作品瑕瑜互见. * My knowledge of German is patchy, ie not complete. 我对德语一知半解. > patchily adv. patchiness n [U].

pate
[peit; pet] n (arch or joc infml 古或谑, 口) head or skull 头; 脑袋: * a shiny bald pate 亮光光的秃顶.

patella
[pE'telE; pE'telE] n (pl -lae[-li:; -li] ) (anatomy 解) kneecap 髌骨; 膝盖骨. =>illus at skeleton 见skeleton插图.

patent
1[5peitnt, also 'pAtnt; - 'pAtnt; 5pAtnt] adj ~ (to sb) obvious; clear; evident 显着的; 清楚的; 明显的: * a patent lie 明显的谎言 * his patent dislike of the plan 他对该计画明显的不喜欢 * a patent disregard for the truth 公然无视事实 * It was patent to anyone that she disliked the idea. 谁都知道她不喜欢那个主意. 派生： patently adv unmistakably; obviously 明白无误地; 明显地: It was patently obvious that he was lying. 显然他在撒谎.

paterfamilias
[7peitEfE'miliAs; 5petlfE'mili7As] n (pl patresfamilias[7pa:treizfE'miliAs; 7patrezfE'miliAs] ) (fml or joc 文或谑) head of a family; father 家长; 户主; 父亲.

paternal
[pE'tE:nl; pE'tEnl;] adj 1 of a father; fatherly 父亲的; 父亲般的: * paternal affection, authority 父爱、 父亲的威信 * He has a paternal concern for your welfare, ie like that of a father for his child. 他像慈父般关怀你. 2 related through one's father 父系的: * her paternal grandmother, ie her father's mother 她的祖母. Cf 参看 maternal. > paternally[-nEli; -nli] adv.

paternalism
[pE'tE:nElizEm; pE'tEnl7izEm] n [U] policy (of governments or employers) of controlling people in a paternal way by providing them with what they need but giving them no responsibility or freedom of choice 家长式的统治、 管理或作风; 家长主义. > paternalistic/pE7tE:nE'listik; pE7tEnl'istik] adj. paternalistically[-kli; -kli] adv.

paternity
[pE'tE:nEti; pE'tEnEti] n [U] 1 state of beinga father; fatherhood 父亲的身分; 父亲的地位: * He deniedpaternity of the child, ie denied that he was its father. 他不承认是那孩子的父亲. 2 descent from a father 父系: * a child of unknown paternity 生父不明的孩子.

paternoster
[7pAtE'nCstE(r); 5pAtl'nastl] n the Lord's Prayer, esp when said in Latin 主祷文（尤指用拉丁文的）.

path
[pa:W; - pAW; pAW] n (pl ~s/pa:Tz; - pATz; pATz] ) 1 (also `pathway, `footpath) way or track made for or by people walking 小路; 小径: * Keep to the path or you'll lose your way. 沿着这条小道走, 否则就要迷路. * The path follows the river and then goes through the woods. 这条小径与河并排, 而後穿过林子. * We took the path across the fields. 我们顺着横越田地的小路走. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page vi. 2 line along which sb/sth moves （人或事物移动的）路线, 轨道: * the moon's path round the earth 月亮绕地球的轨道 * the path of a tornado 龙卷风经过的路线 *She threw herself in the path of (ie in front of) an oncoming vehicle. 她一下子朝对面来车扑去. * (fig 比喻) She has had a difficult path through life. 她生活中有过一段困难的历程. 3 course of action 行动步骤; 办事程序; 做法: * I strongly advised him not to take that path. 我极力劝他不要采取那种做法. 4 (usu sing 通常作单数) ~ to sth way to reach or achieve sth （达到或成就某事的）途径, 方式: * the path to success, victory, riches, power, ruin 通往成功、 胜利、 富裕、 权力、 毁灭的道路. 5 (idm 习语) cross sb's path => cross2. lead sb up the garden path => lead3. the primrose path => primrose. smooth sb's path => smooth2. 复合： pathfinder[5pa:WfaindE(r); - 'pW-; 5pAW7faindl] n 1 person who discovers new places or new ways of doing things 探险者; 开路人; 探索者; 开拓者. 2 pilot of an aircraft guiding other aircraft to a target which they are going to bomb 导航飞机驾驶员. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: A lane is a narrow country road. *lane是乡间小径. A path or footpath is a way marked out for people to walk along, between houses in a town or across fields, beside rivers, etc in the country. *path或footpath是市镇中住宅之间或郊野中穿越田地、 沿河等有标志的人行道path1 /// * a double-track railway line 双轨铁路线. Runners in an athletics stadium run in individual lanes. 在田径运动场上赛跑的人有各自的lane. *The whole area they run on is called the track. 进行赛跑的整个地段称为track.

pathetic
[pE'Wetik; pE'Wetik] adj 1 causing one to feel pity or sadness 招人怜悯的; 可悲的: * pathetic cries for help 求助的哀怜呼号 * the pathetic sight of starving children 饥童悲惨可悯的样子 * His tears were pathetic to witness. 他的眼泪引起在场人的怜悯. 2 (infml 口) extremely inadequate; contemptible 极不足的; 可鄙的: * a pathetic attempt, performance, excuse 极不充分的尝试、 表现、 藉口 * You're pathetic! Can't you even boil an egg? 你可真没用! 连鸡蛋都不会煮吗? > pathetically[-kli; -kli] adv: * pathetically thin 瘦得怪可怜的 * His answers were pathetically inadequate. 他的回答太不充分. 复合： pa,thetic `fallacy (in literature) describing inanimate objects as if they are living things with feelings （文学中）拟人谬想（将无生命物体作拟人化处理）.

pathological
[7pAWE'lCdVikl; 7pAWE'ladVikl] adj 1 of or relating to pathology 病理学的; 与病理学有关的. 2 of or caused by a physical or mental illness 疾病的; 由疾病引起的. 3 (infml 口) unreasonable; irrational 无道理的; 非理智的; 病态的: * a pathological fear of spiders, obsession with death, hatred of sb 对蜘蛛无端的恐惧、受死亡强迫观念的困扰、 对某人病态的憎恨 * a pathological (ie compulsive) liar 病态说谎者. > pathologically[-kli; -kli] adv: * pathologically jealous, mean, etc 忌妒狂的、 吝啬狂的.

pathology
[pE'WClEdVi; pE'WalEdVi] n [U] scientific study of diseases of the body 病理学. 派生： pathologist/pE'WClEdVist; pE'WalEdVist] n expert in pathology 病理学家.

pathos
[5peiWCs; 5peWas] n [U] quality, esp in speech, writing, acting, etc that causes a feeling of pity or sadness 激起怜悯、 悲伤的性质（尤指演讲、 写作、 表演等中的）: * the pathos of Hamlet's death 哈姆雷特之死使人产生的哀怜.

patience
[5peiFns; 5peFEns] n [U] 1 ~ (with sb/sth) ability to accept delay, annoyance or suffering without complaining 耐性; 忍耐力; 耐心: * I warn you, I'm beginning to lose (my) patience (with you), ie become impatient. 我警告你, 我（对你）已经渐渐失去耐性了. * After three hours of waiting for the train, our patience was finally exhausted. 我们等了叁个小时的火车, 最後再也没有耐性了. * She has no patience with (ie cannot tolerate) people who are always grumbling. 她腻烦那些总发牢骚的人. * (saying 谚) Patience is a virtue. 忍耐是美德. 2 ~ (for sth/to do sth) ability to persevere with sth; perseverance 坚忍; 坚持; 毅力: * Learning to walk again after his accident required great patience. 他出事後重新学习走路要有极大的毅力. * She hasn't the patience to do embroidery. 她没有做剌绣的常性. 3 (Brit) (US solitaire) type of card-game, usu for one player 一种纸牌戏（通常为单人玩的）. 4 (idm 习语) the ,patience of `Job very great patience(1) 极大的耐性: * His behaviour would try (ie test) the patience of Job. 无论耐性多大的人也无法忍受他的行为.

patient
1[5peiFnt; 5peFEnt] adj ~ (with sb/sth) having or showing patience 有耐性的; 忍耐的; 容忍的: * You'll have to be patient with my mother she's going rather deaf. 你对我母亲得有耐心--她的耳朵越来越背了. * patient research, questioning, listening 耐心的研究、 询问、 听 * She's a patient (ie persevering) worker. 她工作很有耐心. > patiently adv: * wait, sit, listen patiently 耐心地等着、 坐着、 听着.

patina
[5pAtinE; 5pAtinE] n [sing] 1 green coating that forms on the surface of old bronze or copper 铜绿. 2 glossy surface on old wood （古木器上的）光泽.

patio
[5pAtiEu; 5pati7o] n (pl ~s[-Euz; -oz] ) 1 paved area next to a house where people can sit, eat, etc outdoors （与房子相连有铺砌面的）露台, 平台（作户外歇息、 用餐处）. Cf 参看 veranda. 2 roofless courtyard within the walls of a Spanish or Spanish-American house （西班牙式或拉丁美洲式住宅的）院子, 天井. Cf 参看 terrace 3.

patisserie
[pE'ti:sEri; pE'tisEri] n 1 [C] shop selling French pastries and cakes 出售法式糕点的商店. 2 [U] pastries and cakes sold in such a shop 法式糕点.

patois
[5pAtwa:; 5pAtwa] n (pl unchanged 复数不变/ -twB:z; -twBz/) dialect spoken by the common people of a region and differing from the standard language of the country 方言; 土语; 土话: * He speaks the local patois. 他会说当地方言.

patri-
comb form 构词成分 of a father 父亲的: patricide * patriarch. Cf 参看 matri-.

patriarch
[5peitria:k; 5petri7ark] n 1 male head of a family or tribe （男性）家长, 族长. Cf 参看 matriarch. 2 Patriarch (in the Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic Churches) high-ranking bishop （东正教和天主教的）牧首, 宗主教. 3 old man who is greatly respected 极受尊敬的年老男子. 派生： patriarchal[7peitri5a:kl; 7petri5arkl] adj 1 of or like a patriarch （似）（男性）家长的, 族长的, 牧首的, 宗主教的, 长者的. 2 ruled or controlled by men 由男性统治或控制的: * a patriarchal society 父权社会. patriarchate[-eit; -et] n position or period of office of a Patriarch of the Church 牧首或宗主教的职位或任期. patriarchy[-ki; -ki] n [C, U] (society, country, etc with a) patriarchal(2) system of control or government 父权制（的社会或国家）.

patrician
[pE'triFn; pE'triFEn] n member of the aristocracy (esp in ancient Rome) 贵族（尤指古罗马的）. Cf 参看 plebeiann. 派生： patrician adj of or like a patrician; aristocratic（似）贵族的; 出身高贵的: patrician arrogance, haughtiness, good looks 贵族的高傲、 傲慢、 气派.

patricide
[5pAtrisaid; 5pAtri7said] n (a) [C, U] (act of) killing one's own father 弑父（行为）. (b) [C] person who does this 弑父者. Cf 参看 matricide, parricide.

patrimony
[5pAtrimEni; - -mEuni; 5pAtrE7moni] n[U] 1 property inherited from one's father or ancestors 祖传财产. 2 income or property that a church receives from endowments （得自捐赠的）教会收入或财产. 派生： patrimonial[7pAtri5mEuniEl; 7pAtrE'moniEl] adj of or relating to a patrimony 祖传财产的; 教会收入的; 教会财产的.

patriot
[5pAtriEt; - 'peit-; 5petriEt] n person who loves his country, esp one who is ready to defend it against an enemy 爱国者（尤指随时为捍卫国家抵抗外敌的）: * a true patriot 真正的爱国者. 派生： patriotic[7pAtri5Ctik; - 7peit-; 7petri5atik] adj having or showing love of one's country 爱国的; 有爱国心的: * patriotic members of the public 公众中的爱国分子 * patriotic support, fervour 表现爱国的支持、 热情 * patriotic songs 爱国歌曲. patriotically[-kli; -kli] adv. patriotism[-izEm; -7izEm] n [U] love of one's country and readiness to defend it 爱国心; 爱国主义; 爱国精神.

patrol
[pE'trEul; pE'trol] v (-ll-) [I, Tn] go round (a town, an area, etc) to check that all is secure and orderly or to look for wrongdoers, an enemy or people who need help 在（某城、 地带等）巡逻; 巡查: * The army regularly patrol (along) the border. 军队按时沿边界巡逻. * Police patrol the streets at night. 警察晚间在街道上巡逻. 派生： patrol n 1 action of patrolling 巡逻; 巡查: carry out a patrol 执行巡逻任务 * The army make hourly patrols of the area. 军队在该地带每小时巡逻一次. * The navy are maintaining a 24-hour air and sea patrol, eg in order to find survivors from a ship that has sunk. 海军正在进行24小时海空巡逻（如寻找遇难船只上的幸存者）. 2 person, group of people, vehicle, ship or aircraft that patrols an area 巡逻者; 巡逻队; 巡逻车; 巡逻艇; 巡逻机: a naval, army, police patrol 海军、 陆军、 警察的巡逻人员 * [attrib 作定语] a police pa`trol car 警察巡逻车. 3 group of (usu) 6 members of a Scout troop or a Girl Guide company 童子军小队（通常为6人）. 4 (idm 习语) on patrol patrolling a particular area 在巡逻中: Terrorists attacked two soldiers on patrol. 恐怖分子袭击了两名正在巡逻的士兵. 复合： pa`trolman[-mEn; -mEn] n (pl -men[-mEn; -mEn] ) 1 person employed by a motorists' organization to patrol roads and help motorists who are in difficulty （汽车协会的）公路巡查员（帮助遇到困难的司机）. 2 (US) policeman who patrols a particular area 巡警. pa`trol wagon (US) = Black Maria (black1).

patron
[5peitrEn; 5petrEn] n 1 person who gives money or other support to a person, cause, activity, etc 资助人; 赞助人: * a wealthy patron of the arts 艺术方面的富有的赞助人. 2 (fml 文) (regular) customer of a shop, restaurant, theatre, etc （老）主顾, 顾客: * Patrons are requested to leave their bags in the cloakroom. 顾客请将手提包留在衣帽间. ,patron `saint saint regarded as protecting a particular person, place, etc 守护神: St Christopher is the patron saint of travellers. 圣．克里斯托弗是旅行者的守护神.

patronage
[5pAtrEnidV; - 'peit-; 5petrEnidV] n [U] 1 support and encouragement given by a patron 资助; 赞助; 支持: * patronage of the arts 对艺术方面的赞助 * Without the patronage of several large firms, the festival could not take place. 没有几大公司的赞助, 就没有这一庆典. * The theatre is under the patronage of the Arts Council. 那剧院得到了艺术委员会的赞助. 2 (fml 文) customer's support for a shop, restaurant, etc; custom1(2) 光顾; 惠顾: * We thank you for your patronage. 谢谢您的惠顾. 3 right or power to appoint sb to or recommend sb for an important position （重要职务的）任命权, 举荐权. 4 (dated 旧) patronizing (patronize 1) manner 施恩的态度.

patronize, patronise
[5pAtrEnaiz; - 'peit-; 5petrEn7aiz] v[Tn] 1 treat (sb) as an inferior; treat (sb) in a condescending way 以高人一等的态度对待（某人）; 屈尊俯就对待（某人）: * He resented the way she patronized him. 她待他那种屈尊纡贵的样子, 他十分愤恨. 2 (fml 文) be a regular customer of (a shop, etc) 作为老主顾经常去（某商店等）; 经常光顾、 惠顾: * The restaurant is patronized by politicians and journalists. 这家饭馆常有政治家和记者光顾. 3 act as a patron(1) to (sb/sth); support or encourage (sb/sth) 做（某人[某事物]）的赞助人; 资助、 赞助或支持（某人[某事物]）. 派生： patronizing, -ising adj condescending 屈尊俯就的: a patronizing person, manner, attitude, smile, tone of voice 高人一等的人、 派头、 态度、 笑容、 腔调. patronizingly, -isingly adv.

patronymic
[7pAtrE'nimik; 7pAtrE'nimik] n, adj (name) derived from the name of one's father or some other male ancestor 从父名或父系祖先之名衍生出的（名字）.

patsy
[5pAtsi; 5pAtsi] n (US infml derog 口, 贬) person who is easily cheated or fooled 易上当或易受愚弄的人.

patter
1[5pAtE(r); 5pAtl] n [U] rapid and often glib speech used by a comedian, conjuror or salesman （滑稽演员、 变戏法者或推销员的）顺口溜: * You have to learn to resist the sales patter. 你可得学乖点, 不要轻信推销员的那套话. 派生： patter v 1 [Tn] say or repeat (prayers, etc) in a rapid mechanical way 喋喋地重复（祷告等）. 2 [I] talk quickly or glibly 快速地说; 喋喋不休地说.

pattern
[5pAtn; 5pAtln] n 1 arrangement of lines, shapes, colours, etc, esp as a decorative design on clothes, carpets, wallpaper, etc 图案, 花样, 式样（尤指衣物、 地毯、 壁纸等的）: * a checked, flowery, Paisley pattern 格子的、 花卉的、 佩斯利涡旋纹的图案 * What a pretty pattern! 多漂亮的图案哪! * She wore a dress with a pattern of roses on it. 她穿着有玫瑰花图案的连衣裙. =>illus 见插图. 2 (a) (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) model, design or instructions from which sth is to be made （据以制作某物的）模型, 样式, 说明: * a knitting/sewing pattern 编织[缝纫]样式 * a paper pattern, ie a set of pieces of paper that show the shapes of the various parts of a garment 纸样（缝制衣服用的）. (b) piece of wood used to make a mould for casting metal （用以制造铸模的）木模, 模型. 3 sample of cloth or some other material （布等的）样品: * a book of tweed patterns 粗花呢样品簿. 4 way in which sth happens, moves, develops or is arranged 模式; 方式; 形式: * patterns of behaviour/behaviour patterns 行为模式 * the pattern of economic decline in Britain 英国经济衰退的形式 * the pattern of events which led up to the war 导致战争的事件发展状况 * These sentences all have the same grammatical pattern. 这些句子的语法模式都相同. * The murders all seem to follow a set pattern, ie occur in a similar way. 这些谋杀案似乎都为同一手法. 5 excellent example; model 模范; 典范; 榜样: * This company's profit-sharing scheme set a pattern which others followed. 这家公司的利润分成计画已成为各公司的样板. 派生： pattern v [Tn.pr] ~ oneself/sth on sb/sth imitate sb/sth; model sth on sth 模仿某人[某事物]; 按某模型仿造某物: He patterns himself upon his father. 他模仿父亲. * Her ideas are patterned on Trotsky's. 她的思想是仿效托洛茨基的. patterned adj decorated with a pattern 有图案装饰的; 带花样的: patterned china, fabric, wallpaper 有图案的瓷器、 织物、 壁纸.

pattern1
复合： `pattern-maker n person who makes patterns in an engineering factory 制模工; 翻砂工. `pattern-shop n room in a factory where patterns (pattern 2b) are made 制模车间.

paucity
[5pC:sEti; 5pCsEti] n [sing] ~ (of sth) (fml 文) smallness of number or quantity 少量; 少许; 少数: * a paucity of evidence 少量证据.

paunch
[pC:ntF; pCntF] n fat stomach, esp a man's 大肚子（尤指男子的）: * You're getting quite a paunch, eg from drinking a lot of beer. 你的肚子越来越大了（如因喝大量啤酒）. 派生： paunchy adj (-ier, -iest) having a paunch 肚子大的（尤指男子）. paunchiness n [U].

pauper
[5pC:pE(r); 5pCpl] n very poor person 贫民; 穷人: * He died a pauper. 他死时身无分文. 派生： pauperism[5pC:pErizEm; 5pCpl7izEm] n [U] state of being a pauper 贫穷; 贫困.

pause
[pC:z; pCz] n 1 ~ (in sth) temporary stop in action or speech （行为、 讲话中的）暂停, 临时中止: * a moment's pause 短暂的停顿 * He slipped out during a pause in the conversation. 谈话中稍一停顿他就溜了出去. * After a short pause, they continued walking. 他们稍稍停了停, 然後继续走路. * She spoke for an hour without a pause. 她不停地讲了一小时. =>Usage at break2 用法见break2. 2 (music 音) sign (┌┐) over a note(5b) or rest2(3) to show that it should be longer than usual 延长记号┌┐（标在音符或休止符上表示该符应比通常所示为长）. 3 (idm 习语) give pause to sb/give sb pause make sb hesitate before doing sth 使某人做某事前犹豫: * Weather conditions were bad enough to give pause to even the most experienced climbers. 天气十分恶劣, 即使最有经验的登山者也犹豫不决. a pregnant pause/silence => pregnant. 派生： pause v [I, Ipr] ~ (for sth) make a pause 中止; 暂停; 停顿: He paused for a moment, and then continued his speech. 他停顿了一下然後继续讲话. * Let's pause for a cup of coffee. 我们歇歇喝杯咖啡吧. * speak without pausing for breath, ie very quickly 一口气说下去.

pave
[peiv; pev] v 1 [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: * Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) cover (a surface) with flat stones or bricks 用石或砖铺（路）: * The path is paved with concrete slabs. 这条路是用混凝土板铺成的. 2 (idm 习语) ,pave the `way (for sb/sth) create a situation in which sth specified is possible or can happen （为某人[某事物]）创造条件, 做准备: * His economic policies paved the way for industrial expansion. 他的经济政策为工业的扩展铺平了道路. the road to hell is paved with good intentions => road. 复合： `paving stone slab of stone used for paving 铺路石板.

pavement
[5peivmEnt; 5pevmEnt] n 1 [C] (Brit) (US sidewalk) path with a paved surface at the side of a road for people to walk on 人行道: * Don't ride your bicycle on the pavement. 不要在人行道上骑自行车. 2 [U] (US) hard surface of a road, street, etc （道路等的）硬路面. 3 [C] paved area or surface 用石或砖铺的面. 复合： `pavement artist person who draws on the pavement with coloured chalks, esp in order to be given money by passers-by 马路画家（用彩色粉笔在街上作画, 尤指向行人讨钱的）.

pavilion
[pE'viliEn; pE'viljEn] n 1 (Brit) building next to a sports ground, esp a cricket field, used by players and spectators （运动场旁, 尤指板球场旁供运动员和观众用的）建 物: * a cricket pavilion 板球队员更衣室. 2 light building used as a shelter, eg in a park 亭子, 阁（如公园中的）. 3 ornamental building used for concerts, dances, etc （音乐会、 舞会等用的）装饰华美的建 物: * the Royal Pavilion in Brighton 布赖顿皇家剧场. 4 temporary building, esp a large tent used to display items at an exhibition （展览会陈列物品用的）临时建 物, （尤指）大帐篷.

paving
[5peiviN; 5peviN] n [U] (a) paved surface 用石或砖铺的面. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page vii. (b) material used for this （石、 砖等）铺面材料.

pavlova
[5pAvlEvE; pAv'lovE] n [C, U] (also pavlova cake) dessert consisting of a layer of meringue topped with cream and fruit 蛋白奶油酥.

paw
[pC:; pC] n 1 foot of an animal with claws or nails 爪子: * a dog's paw 狗爪子. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page iii. 2 (infml joc or derog 口, 谑或贬) person's hand 手: * Take your dirty little paws off me! 别用你的小黑爪子抓着我! 派生： paw v 1 [Ipr, Tn] ~ (at) sth (of an animal) feel or scratch sth with the paws （指动物）用爪子触或抓挠（某物）. 2 [Tn] (of a horse or bull) scrape (the ground) with a hoof （指马或牛）用蹄子刨或扒（地）. 3 [Tn] touch (sb/sth) with the hands roughly, awkwardly or in a sexually improper manner 用手胡乱地或猥亵地摸（某人[某物]）: He can't be near a woman without pawing her. 他一接近女人就忍不住动手动脚.

pawky
[5pC:ki; 5pCki] adj (-ier, -iest) (Brit dialect 方) drily humorous 木然幽默的. > pawkily adv. pawkinessn [U].

pawl
[pC:l; pCl] n 1 lever with a catch that fits between the teeth (tooth 2) of a ratchet to prevent slipping or movement in a particular direction （防逆转的）棘爪, 掣爪. 2 (nautical 海) short bar used to prevent a capstan or windlass from recoiling （防止绞盘或起锚机逆转的）掣转 .

pawn
1[pC:n; pCn] n 1 one of the eight chess-men of the smallest size and value （国际象棋中的）卒. =>illus at chess 见chess插图. 2 (fig 比喻) person or group whose actions are controlled by others 被人利用的人: * We are mere pawns in the struggle for power. 在权力斗争中我们只是一批小卒.

pawpaw
= papaw.

pay
1[pei; pe] n [U] 1 money paid for regular work 工资; 薪金: * an increase in pay/a pay increase 加薪 * He doesn't like the job, but the pay is good. 他不喜欢那工作, 但薪水很高. * (infml 口) What's the pay like (ie How much are you paid) in your job? 你挣多少钱? * [attrib 作定语] pay negotiations 工资谈判. =>Usage at income 用法见 income. 2 (idm 习语) in the pay of sb/sth (derog 贬) employed by sb/sth, esp secretly 受雇於某人[某事物]（尤指秘密工作）: * a spy in the pay of the enemy 敌人收买的间谍. 复合： `pay-claim n demand for an increase in pay made by a union for its members （工会为其会员提出的）加薪要求. `pay-day n 1 day of the week or month on which wages or salaries are paid 发薪日. 2 (in the Stock Exchange) day when stock that has been transferred has to be paid for （证券交易所的）过户结帐日. `pay dirt (US) earth containing enough ore to make mining profitable （有开采价值的）矿石, 矿砂. `payload n 1 part of the load of a ship, an aircraft, etc for which payment is received, eg passengers and cargo, but not fuel 收费载重, 酬载（船舶、 飞机等的收费运载量, 如乘客、 货物而不包括燃料）. 2 explosive power of a bomb or warhead carried in an aircraft or a missile （飞行器或导弹所携的炸弹或弹头的）炸药量. 3 equipment carried by a satellite or spacecraft 有效荷载（卫星或航天器携带的仪器设备）. `paymaster n 1 official who pays troops, workers, etc 负责发薪饷的军需官; 工薪出纳员. 2 (usu pl 通常作复数) (derog 贬) person who pays another person or group to do sth for him and who therefore controls his/their actions 雇用并操纵他人的人: The paymasters of these petty crooks are the big crime syndicates. 操纵这帮小流氓的就是那个大犯罪集团. ,Paymaster `General (Brit) minister in charge of the department of the Treasury through which payments are made （财政部）主计长.

pay1
`pay-packet n envelope containing an employee's wages 薪水袋. `pay phone (US `pay station) coin-operated telephone（投币式）公用电话. `payroll n (a) list of people employed by a company and the amount of money to be paid to each of them （公司员工的）薪水名册: a firm with 500 employees on the payroll, ie one that employs 500 people 有500名雇员的公司. (b) total amount of wages and salaries to be paid to the employees of a company （公司员工的）薪水总额. `pay-slip n piece of paper that gives details of an employee's pay, including deductions for tax, insurance, etc 薪水单.

PAYE
[7pi: ei wai 'i:; 7pi e wai 'i] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) (of income tax) pay-as-you-earn.

payment
[5peimEnt; 5pemEnt] n ~ (for sth) 1 [U] paying or being paid 支付; 付款; 缴纳; 报酬: * We would be grateful for prompt payment of your account. 如即付款无任感激. * Payment of subscriptions should be made to the club secretary. 会费应交给俱乐部秘书. 2 [C] sum of money (to be) paid 付出的或要付的款项: * The television can be paid for in ten monthly payments of 50. 这电视机可月付50英镑10次付清. * Would you accept 50 as payment (for the work)? （这工作）给你50英镑你愿意做吗? 3 [U, sing] reward for sth 报答; 报偿: * We'd like you to accept this book in payment for your kindness. 我们奉送此书聊表谢忱. * (ironic 反语) Personal abuse was the only payment he got for his efforts. 他努力所得只是一顿臭骂.

payola
[pei'EulE; pe'olE] n (esp US) 1 [C] sum of money offered to sb to use his position or influence to promote the sales of a commercial product 为利用某人的地位或影响以推销商品而向其行贿的钱. 2 [U] practice of paying money in this way 上述情况的行贿.

PC
[7pi: 'si:; 7pi 'si] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) 1 personal computer 个人用计算机; 个人电脑. 2 (pl PCs) police constable: * PC (Tom) Marsh （汤姆．）马什警察. Cf 参看 WPC. 3 Privy Councillor.

pd
abbr 缩写 = paid (eg on a bill) 已付, 付讫（如帐单上的标记）.

Pde
abbr 缩写 = (in street names) parade （用作街名）街: 29 North Pde 北街29号.

PDSA
[7pi: di: es 'ei; 7pi di es 'e] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) People's Dispensary for Sick Animals 人民兽医诊所.

PDT
[7pi: di: 'ti:; 7pi di 'ti] abbr 缩写 = (US) Pacific Daylight Time 太平洋夏季时间.

PE
[7pi: 'i:; 7pi 'i] abbr 缩写 = physical education 体育（课）: * do PE at school 在学校上体育课 * a PE lesson 体育课. Cf 参看 PT.

pea
[pi:; pi] n 1 (a) climbing plant with long green pods containing edible green seeds that are eaten as a vegetable 豌豆. (b) one of these seeds 豌豆（粒）. 2 (idm 习语) like as two peas/as peas in a pod => like3. 复合： ,pea-`green adj, n (having a) bright green colour like that of peas 青豆色（的）; 浅绿色（的）. `pea-shooter n small tube from which dried peas are shot by blowing through the tube 射豆枪. ,pea `soup soup made from dried peas 豌豆汤. ,pea-`souper n (dated Brit infml 旧, 口) very thick yellow fog 黄色浓雾.

peace
[pi:s; pis] n 1 (a) [U] state of freedom from war or violence 和平; 太平: * The two communities live together in peace (with one another). 这两个社区和平相处. * After years of fighting the people longed for peace.经过多年的战斗, 人民渴望和平. * [attrib 作定语] a peace treaty 和平条约 * peace studies, negotiations 和平研究、 和谈 * the Peace Movement, ie the movement campaigning for nuclear disarmament 和平运动（争取核裁军的）. (b) [sing] period of this 和平时期: * a lasting peace 持久和平 * After a brief peace, fighting broke out again. 经暂短的和平时期, 战事又起. 2 (often 常作 Peace) [U, sing] treaty ending a war 和约: * Peace/A Peace was signed between the two countries. 两国签定了和约. * The Peace of Versailles 凡尔赛和约. 3 [U] (state of) calm or quiet 安静; 平静: * break/disturb the peace 打破[搅扰]宁静 * the peace of a summer evening, the countryside 夏日傍晚的、 郊野的寂静 * I would work better if I had a bit of peace and quiet. 要是再静一些我就能工作得更好了. * He just wants to be left in peace, ie not to be disturbed. 他只是希望别打扰他. * peace of mind, ie freedom from worry 心态平静 * May he rest in peace, eg carved as an inscription on sb's tombstone. 愿他安息（如刻於墓碑上的字样）. 4 [U] (state of) harmony and friendship 和睦; 友好. 5 (idm 习语) (be) at peace (with oneself/sb/sth) in a state of friendship or harmony (with oneself/sb/sth) 让（自己）平静; 与（某人[某事物]）和好、 和睦: * She's never at peace with herself, ie is always restless. 她总是静不下来. ,hold one's `peace/`tongue (dated 旧) remain silent or keep quiet although one would like to say sth 保持缄默; 忍住不说. ,keep the `peace (a) not create a disturbance in public 维持治安. (b) prevent people from quarrelling, fighting or creating a disturbance in public 维持秩序:

peace1
* a peace-keeping force, ie armed troops sent to a country where there is civil war, to prevent more fighting 维持和平部队. make one's peace with sb end a quarrel with sb, esp by apologizing 与某人和解（尤指主动道歉）. make peace (of two people, countries, etc) agree to end a war or a quarrel （指两人、 两国等）媾和, 和解. 复合： `Peace Corps (US) organization that sends young volunteers to work in other countries 和平队. `peace-loving adj peaceable(1); peaceful(2) 爱好和平的; 和平的; 安宁的: a peace-loving nation, people, tribe, etc 爱好和平的民族、 人民、 部落等. `peacemaker n person who persuades people or countries to make peace 调解人; 调停人. `peace offering present offered to show that one is willing to make peace or in order to apologize for sth 为求和解而赠送的礼物: I bought her some flowers as a peace offering. 我买了一些花送给她表示歉意. `peace-pipe n (also ,pipe of `peace) tobacco pipe smoked by N American Indians when they have made peace with an enemy 和平烟斗（北美印第安人与敌人和解时吸用的）. `peacetime n [U] period when a country is not at war 和平时期.

peaceable
[5pi:sEbl; 5pisEbl] adj 1 not quarrelsome; wishing to live in peace with others 不争吵的; 愿与别人和睦相处的: * a peaceable temperament, person 温和的脾气、 人. 2 without fighting or disturbance; peaceful 安宁的; 和平的: * a peaceable settlement, discussion 心平气和的解决、 商讨 * peaceable methods 和平的方法. > peaceably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv: * live peaceably with one's neighbours 与邻居和睦相处.

peaceful
[5pi:sfl; 5pisfEl] adj 1 not involving war or violence 不诉诸战争或暴力的; 和平的: * a peaceful demonstration, reign, period of history 和平示威、 太平盛世、 历史上的和平时期 * peaceful uses of atomic energy 原子能的和平利用 * peaceful co-existence, eg of countries with opposing political systems 和平共处. 2 loving or seeking peace 爱好和平的; 寻求和平的: * peaceful nations 爱好和平的国家 * peaceful aims 追求和平的目的. 3 quiet; calm; tranquil 安静的; 安宁的; 宁静的: * a peaceful evening, scene, death 宁静的黄昏、 静谧 的景色、 安祥的死亡 * peaceful sleep 安宁的睡眠 * It's so peaceful out here in the country. 郊区这地方多麽恬静. > peacefully[-fEli; -fEli] adv: * die, sleep peacefully 死、 睡得安祥. peacefulness n [U].

peach
[pi:tF; pitF] n 1 [C] round juicy fruit with downy yellowish-red skin and a rough stone 桃: * tinned peaches 桃罐头 * [attrib 作定语] a `peach stone 桃核. =>illus at fruit 见fruit插图. 2 [C] (also `peach tree) tree on which this grows 桃树. 3 [U] yellowish-red colour of a peach 桃红色. 4 (infml 口) (a) [C] very attractive young woman 美人儿; 漂亮妞儿: * She's a real peach. 她真是个美人儿. (b) [sing] ~ (of a sth) thing that is exceptionally good or attractive of its kind （同类事物中）极好的或极吸引人的事物: * That was a peach of a shot! 射得真棒! 派生： peachy adj (-ier, -iest) like a peach in colour or texture 像桃的; 颜色像桃的. 复合： ,peaches and `cream (approv 褒) having an attractive pink colour 漂亮的粉红色: a peaches-and-cream complexion 白里透红的面容. ,peach `Melba desert made with ice-cream, peaches and raspberry sauce 冰激凌、 桃加悬钩子沙司的甜品.

peacock
[5pi:kCk; 5pi7kak] n 1 large male bird with long blue and green tail feathers which can be spread out like a fan 孔雀: * [attrib 作定语] peacock feathers 孔雀羽毛. 2 (idm 习语) proud as a peacock => proud. 复合： ,peacock `blue adj, n (having a) bright blue-green colour 孔雀蓝（的）.

peahen
[5pi:hen; 5pi7hen] n female of a peacock 雌孔雀.

peak
1[pi:k; pik] n 1 (a) pointed top, esp of a mountain 尖顶; （尤指）山峰: * The plane flew over the snow-covered peaks. 飞机在积雪的山峰上飞过. =>illus at mountain 见mountain插图. (b) the mountain itself 山: * The climbers made camp half-way up the peak. 登山队员在半山腰扎营. 2 any shape, edge or part of sth that narrows to a point 尖顶; 尖头; 尖端: * the peak of a roof 屋的尖顶 * hair combed into a peak 梳起尖儿的头发 * widow's peak, ie hair-style or growth that slopes back on each side from a point in the centre of the forehead 前额上的v形发尖. 3 pointed front part of a cap 帽舌. =>illus at hat 见hat插图. 4 (a) point of highest intensity, value, achievement, etc （强度、 价值、 成就等的）最高点, 顶峰: * Traffic reaches a peak between 8 and 9 in the morning. 早晨八九点钟是交通的高峰时刻. * She's at the peak of her career. 她正处於她事业的顶峰. (b) [attrib 作定语] maximum, most busy or intense, etc 最大的; 最忙的; 最紧张的: * peak periods, production, load 高峰时期、 最高产量、 最高负荷 * the peak hour, ie when the greatest number of people are travelling to or from work 高峰时间（上下班交通繁忙时间） * peak hours, ie when demand for sth, eg electricity, is highest 高峰时期（如用电的） * peak time, eg when the greatest number of people are watching television 黄金时间（如看电视的） * peak rate, ie highest prices charged at the busiest periods by hotels, airlines, etc 高峰价（旅馆、 班机等在最繁忙时期的收费）. Cf 参看 off-peak (off). 派生： peaked adj having a peak 带尖顶的; 带帽舌的: a peaked cap, roof 带帽舌的帽子、 尖的屋顶. 复合： the `Peak District area in Derbyshire, England where there are many peaks (peak 1) 皮克区（英格兰德比郡北部行政区, 该处多高峰）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, pages xiv, xv.

peal
[pi:l; pil] n 1 (a) loud ringing of a bell or a set of bells with different notes 响亮的铃声或钟声. (b) one of a number of musical patterns that can be rung on a set of bells （可用编锺演奏的）钟乐. 2 set of bells with different notes tuned to each other 编钟. 3 loud burst of sound 洪亮的响声: * a peal of thunder 雷声隆隆 * break into peals of laughter 哈哈大笑. 派生： peal v 1 [I, Ip] ~ (out) sound in a peal 发出响亮的声音; 发出钟乐声: The bells pealed (out) over the countryside. 钟声响彻郊野. 2 [Tn] cause (bells) to ring or sound loudly 使（钟或铃）声音大作: peal the bells to celebrate victory 让钟声齐鸣齐祝胜利.

pean
(US) = paean.

peanut
[5pi:nQt; 5pi7nQt] n 1 [C] (a) plant of the pea family bearing edible seeds in pods which ripen underground 落花生; 花生. (b) (also `ground-nut) one of these seeds 花生米; 花生仁. =>illus at nut 见nut插图. 2 peanuts [pl] (sl 俚) very small amount (esp of money) 极少的量（尤指钱）: * He gets paid peanuts for doing that job. 他那份工作报酬甚微. 复合： ,peanut `butter paste made from roasted ground peanuts, used as a food 花生酱. ,peanut `oil oil made from peanuts, used in cooking 花生油.

pear
[peE(r); per] n 1 sweet juicy yellow or green fruit with a rounded shape that becomes narrower towards the stalk 梨. =>illus at fruit 见fruit插图. 2 (also `pear tree) tree on which this grows 梨树.

pearl
[pE:l; pEl] n 1 (a) small, hard, round, silvery-white or bluish-grey lustrous mass that forms inside the shells of some oysters and is of great value as a gem 珍珠: * a string of pearls 一串珍珠 * [attrib 作定语] a pearl necklace 珍珠项 . (b) man-made imitation of this 人造珍珠: * cultivated pearls 人工养殖的珍珠. 2 thing resembling a pearl in shape or colour （形状或颜色）似珍珠之物: * pearls of dew on the grass 草上的露珠. 3 very precious or highly valued person or thing (used esp in the expressions shown) 极宝贵或极有价值的人或事物（尤用於以下示例）: * a pearl among women 女子中的杰出者 * pearls of wisdom 智慧的结晶. 4 (idm 习语) cast pearls before swine => cast1. 派生： pearly adj (-lier, -liest) of or like a pearl （似）珍珠的: a pearly sheen 珍珠的光泽 * (joc 谑) the Pearly Gates, ie the gates of Heaven 珍珠之门（天国的门）. pearlies n [pl] (Brit) traditional costume of some London costermongers, decorated with pearl buttons 伦敦某些小贩在节日穿的缀有珠母钮扣的传统服装. ,pearly `king, ,pearly `queen, (Brit) costermonger/costermonger's wife wearing pearlies 穿着缀有珠母钮扣的节日服装的小贩或小贩的妻子. 复合： ,pearl `barley barley ground into small round grains 珍珠麦（磨成小圆粒的大麦）. ,pearl `button button made from mother-of-pearl 珠母钮扣. `pearl-diver (also `pearl-fisher, pearler) n person who dives or fishes for pearl-oysters 潜水采珠母贝的人. `pearl-oyster n type of oyster in which pearls are found 珠母贝; 珍珠贝.

pearmain
[5peEmein; 5permen] n any of several types of apple with a red skin and firm white flesh 一种红皮苹果.

peasant
[5peznt; 5peznt] n 1 (in the rural areas of some countries) farmer owning or renting a (usu small) piece of land which he cultivates himself （某些国家的）农民（自己有或租有通常为小片土地的耕作者）: * [attrib 作定语] peasant farming 农作. 2 (formerly) poor agriculturalworker （旧时）贫穷的雇农. 3 (infml derog 口, 贬) person with rough unrefined manners 举止粗鲁的人: * He's an absolute peasant. 他是个大老粗. 派生： peasantry[5pezntri; 5pezntri] n [Gp] (a) all the peasants (of a country) （一国的）农民. (b) peasants as a social group or class 农民阶级.

pease
pudding

peat
[pi:t; pit] n [U] plant material partly decomposed by the action of water, esp in marshy places (peat bogs) and used in horticulture or as a fuel 泥煤; 泥炭: * a bag, bale of peat 一袋、 一桶泥煤 * [attrib 作定语] a peat fire, ie one in which cut pieces of peat are burned 泥煤火. 派生： peaty adj of, like or containing peat （似）泥煤的; 含泥煤的: peaty soil 泥炭土.

pebble
[5pebl; 5pebl] n 1 small stone made smooth and round by the action of water, eg in a stream or on the seashore 卵石; 砾石. 2 (idm 习语) not the only pebble on the beach not the only person who matters or who has to be considered 并非唯一要紧的或要考虑的人. 派生： pebbly adj covered with pebbles 多卵石的: a pebbly beach 遍布卵石的海滩. 复合： `pebble-dash n [U] (Brit) cement mixed with small pebbles used as a coating for the outside walls of a house （房子外墙的）灰泥卵石涂层.

pecan
[5pi:kEn, pi'kn; - pi'ka:n; pi'kan] n 1 pinkish-brown smooth nut with an edible kernel 美洲山核桃. 2 tree on which this grows, a type of hickory from the southern USA 美洲山核桃树.

peccadillo
[7pekE'dilEu; 7pekE'dilo] n (pl ~es or ~s[-lEuz; -loz] ) small unimportant offence or sin 小过失; 轻罪: * guilty of some mild peccadillo 有某种小过失.

peccary
[5pekEri; 5pekEri] n type of wild pig-like animal found in Central and S America 西 的动物）.

peck
1[pek; pek] v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (at sth) (try to) strike (sth) with the beak 啄或 稧（某物）: * Hens feed by pecking. 母鸡啄食. * birds pecking at the window 啄玻璃窗的鸟儿 * The lamb had been pecked by crows. 那只小羊被乌鸦 稧着. * (fig 比喻) peck at one's food, ie (of people) eat very small pieces or eat without appetite （指人）一点一点地吃（或因无食欲而没精打彩地吃）. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] get or make (sth) by striking with the beak 啄到或 稧成（某物）: * peck corn 啄粟粒 * The birds pecked a hole in the sack. 鸟儿把袋子啄出一个洞. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (on sth) (infml 口) kiss sb lightly and hurriedly 匆匆轻吻某人: * peck sb on the cheek 在某人脸颊上匆匆一吻. 4 (idm 习语) a/the `pecking order (infml 口) system of grading that exists in a group of people, so that some are more important, powerful, etc than others 集体中重要性或势力等的强弱顺序: * Newcomers have to accept their position at the bottom of the pecking order. 新来的人论资排辈只好屈居於最底层. 5 (phr v) peck sth out remove sth by pecking 啄出或 稧出某物: * Vultures had pecked out the dead sheep's eyes. 秃鹫啄出了那只死羊的眼睛. 派生： peck n 1 (a) stroke made by pecking 啄; 稧. (b) mark or wound made by pecking 啄痕; 稧痕; 啄伤; 稧伤: The parrot gave me a sharp peck on the finger. 鹦鹉把我的手指 稧得很疼. 2 (infml 口) hurried kiss 匆匆一吻: She gave her aunt a quick peck on the cheek. 她在姑姑的脸颊上匆匆吻了一下.

pecker
[5pekE(r); 5pekl] n 1 (US sl 俚) penis 阴茎. 2 (idm 习语) ,keep one's `pecker up (Brit infml 口) remain cheerful, esp in spite of difficulties 保持乐观（尤指不惧所处的困难）.

peckish
[5pekiF; 5pekiF] adj (infml 口) hungry 饿的: * feel a bit peckish 觉得有点饿.

pectin
[5pektin; 5pektin] n [U] (chemistry 化) substance similar to sugar that forms in some fruit when ripe and causes jam to set 果胶. 派生： pectic[5pektik; 5pektik] adj (a) of or from pectin 果胶的; 得自果胶的. (b) producing pectin 产生果胶的.

pectoral
[5pektErEl; 5pektErEl] adj 1 of the chest or breast 胸的; 胸部的: * pectoral muscles 胸肌 * a pectoral fin 胸鳍. 2 worn on the chest or breast 戴於胸前的: * a pectoral cross, ie worn by a bishop 戴在胸前的十字架（主教戴的）. 派生： pectorals n [pl] (often joc 常作戏谑语) chest muscles 胸肌.

peculate
[5pekjuleit; 5pekjE7let] v [I, Tn] (fml 文) take (money) dishonestly, esp from public funds; embezzle 盗用（钱财）; （尤指）侵吞, 挪用（公款）. 派生： peculation[7pekju'leiFn; 7pekjE'leFEn] n (a) [U] peculating 盗用; 侵吞; 挪用. (b) [C] instance of this 盗用; 侵吞; 挪用.

peculiar
[pi'kju:liE(r); pi'kjuljl] adj 1 (a) odd or strange 奇怪的; 奇异的; 罕有的: * a peculiar taste, smell, noise, etc 怪异的口味、 气味、 噪音等 * a peculiar feeling that one has been here before 似曾来过这里的奇怪感觉 * My keys have disappeared it's most peculiar! 我的钥匙不见了--这可太奇怪了! Cf 参看 funny peculiar (funny). (b) (of people) eccentric （指人）怪僻的, 古怪的: * He's a bit peculiar! 他有点怪! * her rather peculiar behaviour 她那颇古怪的行为. 2 (infml 口) unwell 不舒服的: * I'm feeling rather peculiar I think I'll lie down for a while. 我觉得不太舒服--我想躺一会儿. 3 [pred 作表语] ~ to sb/sth (a) belonging only to sb/sth 独有; 独特: * an accent peculiar to the north of the region 该地北部独特的口音 * a flavour peculiar to food cooked on an open fire 明火炙烤食物独有的味道 * a species of bird peculiar to Asia 亚洲独有的鸟种. (b) used or practised only by sb/sth 专用的; 特有的: * customs peculiar to the 18th century 18世纪特有的风俗习惯 * slang peculiar to medical students 医学院学生的专用俚语. 4 [attrib 作定语] special or particular 专门的; 特别的: * a matter of peculiar interest 特别使人感兴趣的事 * his own peculiar way of doing things 他自己专门的做事方法. 派生： peculiarity/pi7kju:li'ArEti; pi7kjuli'ArEti] n 1 [U] quality of being peculiar(1a) 独特性; 特质. 2 [C] distinctive feature; characteristic 特点; 特色; 特性: * These small spiced cakes are a peculiarity of the region. 这些别有风味的小蛋糕是该地的特产. 3 [C] odd or eccentric thing, quality, habit, etc 怪异的事物、 性质、 怪癖等: * peculiarities of dress, behaviour, diet, etc 衣着、 行为、 在饮食习惯方面...的怪癖. peculiarly adv (a) in a peculiar(1b) manner 古怪地; 怪僻地: behave peculiarly 举动古怪. (b) more than usually; especially 异常地; 特殊地; 特别地: a peculiarly annoying noise 特别讨厌的噪音.

pecuniary
[pi'kju:niEri; - -ieri; pi'kjuni7eri] adj (fml 文) of or concerning money 金钱的; 关系钱财的: * pecuniary advantage, aid, difficulties 钱财上的好处、 帮助、 困难 * work without pecuniary reward 无偿劳动.

ped
, pedo-

pedagogue
(US -gog)[5pedEgCg; 5pedE7gag] n 1 (arch or fml 古或文) teacher 教师. 2 (derog 贬) strict or formal teacher 严厉的教师; 学究式教师. 派生： pedagogy[5pedEgCdVi; 5pedE7gadVi] n [U] study or science of ways and methods of teaching 教育学; 教学法. pedagogic[7pedE'gCdVik; 7pedE'gadVik] (also pedagogical[-ikl; -ikl] ) adj of or concerning teaching methods 教学法的. pedagogically[-kli; -kli] adv: * apedagogically accepted method of testing students' knowledge符合教学法的测验学生知识的方法.

pedal
1[5pedl; 5pedl] n 1 lever that drives a machine (eg a bicycle or sewing-machine) when pressed down by the foot or feet （自行车、 缝纫机等的）踏板, 脚蹬子: * [attrib 作定语] a pedal cyclist 骑自行车的人 * a pedal boat, ie one propelled by pedals 用脚踏驱动的船. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xiii. 2 lever or key on a musical instrument (eg a piano, a harp or an organ) operated by the foot （钢琴等的）踏板; （风琴等的）踏瓣: * the loud/soft pedal, ie on a piano 钢琴的强音[弱音]踏板. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xi. 派生： pedal v (-ll-; US also -l-) 1 [I] use a pedal or pedals 踩踏板: pedal rapidly to make the machine run smoothly 快速踩踏板好让机器转得平稳. 2 [I, Ipr, Ip] move by pedalling; ride 踩踏板驱动行进; 骑车: pedal fast 踏板踏得快 * pedal down the hill 骑车下山 * pedal along 踩动踏板行进. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] move or operate (a machine) by pedalling 踩动踏板驱动或操纵（机器）: pedal a bicycle across the field 骑自行车越过田野. 复合： `pedal bin rubbish bin (usu in a kitchen) with a lid that opens when a pedal is pressed 踏板垃圾桶（踩踏板 开盖式, 通常用於厨房）.

pedant
[5pednt; 5pednt] n (derog 贬) 1 person who attaches too much importance to detail or to rules, esp when learning or teaching 学究; 书呆子. 2 person who values academic knowledge and likes to display his learning 卖弄学问的人. 派生： pedantic/pi'dAntik; pi'dAntik] adj of or like a pedant 学究式的; 书呆子气的; 卖弄学问的: * a pedantic insistence on the rules 墨守成规. pedantically[-kli; -kli] adv. pedantry[5pedntri; 5pedntri] n (a) [U] too much emphasis on formal rules or detail 迂腐; 拘泥. (b) [U] boastful and unnecessary display of learning 卖弄学问; 炫耀知识. (c) [C] instance of this 迂腐; 拘泥; 卖弄学问.

peddle
[5pedl; 5pedl] v 1 [I] go from house to house to sell goods; be a pedlar 挨家兜售; 沿街叫卖; 做小贩. 2 [Tn, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) try to sell (goods) by going from house to house or by offering them to individual people （挨家）兜售（货物）: * peddle one's wares 上门推销货物 * be arrested for peddling illegal drugs 因贩毒被捕. =>Usage at sell 用法见sell. 3 [Tn, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) offer (ideas, gossip, etc) to individual people 宣扬, 散播（主张、 流言等）: * peddle malicious gossip 散播恶毒的流言蜚语 * peddling his crazy plan to other party members 向其他党员宣传他那疯狂的计画. 派生： peddler[5pedlE(r); 5pedll] n 1 (US) = pedlar. 2 person who sells illegal drugs 贩毒者: * dope addicts exploited by peddlers 受毒品贩子盘剥的那些吸毒者.

pederasty
(also paederasty)[5pedErAsti; 5pedE7rAsti] n [U] practice of a man having sexual relations with a boy （男人与男童间的）鸡奸. 派生： pederast[5pedErAst; 5pedE7rAst] n man who practisespederasty 鸡奸男童的人.

pedestal
[5pedistl; 5pedistl] n 1 base of a column 柱脚; 柱基. 2 base on which a statue or some other piece of sculpture stands （雕像等的）基座. =>illus 见插图. 3(idm 习语) knock sb off his pedestal/perch => knock2.place, etc sb on a `pedestal admire sb greatly, esp without noticing his faults 崇拜某人（尤指盲目地）. 复合： `pedestal table table supported on a central column独腿桌（只中间有一支柱）.

pedestrian
[pi'destriEn; pE'destriEn] n person walking in the street (contrasted with people in vehicles) 行人: * Two pedestrians and a cyclist were injured when the car skidded. 汽车打滑时伤了两个行人和一个骑自行车的. Cf 参看 motorist (motor). 派生： pedestrian adj 1 lacking imagination or inspiration; dull 缺乏想像力或灵感的; 平淡的; 沉闷的: a pedestrian description of events that were actually very exciting 对极激动人心的事所作的乏味描叙 * Life in the suburbs can be pretty pedestrian. 郊区生活有时相当沉闷. 2 [attrib 作定语] of or for pedestrians 行人的; 为行人而设的: a pedestrian walkway 人行道. 复合： pe,destrian `crossing (Brit) (US crosswalk) part of a road specially marked with studs, white lines, etc, where vehicles must stop to allow pedestrians to cross 人行横道. Cf 参看 pelican crossing (pelican), zebra crossing (zebra). pe,destrian `precinct part of a town, esp a shopping area, where vehicles may not enter （禁止车辆通行的）行人区（尤指商业区）.

pedi-
comb form 构词成分 of the feet 足的; 脚的: pedicure.

pedicel
[5pedisel; 5pedEsl] (also pedicle[5pedikl;'pedikl] ) n (biology 生) small stalk-like structure in a plant or an animal （植物的）柄; 蒂; 花梗; （动物的）肉茎, 梗节.

pedicure
[5pedikjuE(r); 5pedik7jur] n [C, U] treatment of the feet, esp corns, bunions, etc, and care of the toe-nails, for medical or cosmetic reasons 足部治疗; 修脚. Cf 参看 manicure.

pedigree
[5pedigri:; 5pedE7gri] n 1 (a) [C] line of ancestors 世系: * proud of his long pedigree 为其源远流长的世系而骄傲. (b) [U] quality of having this 门第; 出身: * people without pedigree 非名门出身的人. 2 [C] (a) table or list of a person's ancestors; family tree 家谱; 系谱. (b) official record of the animals from which an animal has been bred 动物纯种系谱. 派生： pedigree adj [attrib 作定语] (of an animal) descended from a known line of (usu specially chosen) animals of the same breed; pure bred （指动物的）纯种的: [attrib 作定语] pedigree cattle, dogs, horses, etc 纯种的牛、 狗、 马等.

pediment
[5pedimEnt; 5pedEmEnt] n (architecture 建) (usu) triangular part above the entrance of a building, first used in the buildings of ancient Greece （通常为）叁角楣饰（最初用於古希腊的建 物上）. =>illus at column见column插图.

pedlar
(US peddler)[5pedlE(r); 5pedll] n (esp formerly) person who travels from place to place selling goods at fairs, etc （尤指旧时的）流动小贩.

pedometer
[pi'dCmitE(r); pi'damEtl] n instrument that measures the distance a person walks by recording the number of steps taken 计步器; 步程计.

pee
[pi:; pi] v [I, Ipr] (infml 口) urinate 撒尿: * a dog peeing against a fence 对着篱笆撒尿的狗. 派生： pee n (infml 口) (a) [U] urine 尿. (b) [sing] act of urinating 撒尿: go for/have a quick pee 去小便.

peek
[pi:k; pik] v [I, Ipr] ~ (at sth) look quickly and often secretively (at sth) 匆匆地（常为秘密地）看（某物）; 偷看; 窥视: * No peeking! 禁止窥视! * peek over the fence 向篱笆那边瞥一眼 * peek at sb's diary 偷看某人的日记. Cf 参看 peep1 1, peer2. 派生： peek n [sing] quick (often sly) glance 匆匆的（常为诡秘的）一瞥; 偷看; 窥视: take a peek at what was hidden in the cupboard 偷眼看了一下柜子里藏着的东西.

peekaboo
[7pi:kE'bu:; 5pikE7bu] (Brit also peepbo/ 5pi:pbEU; `pipbo/) interj, n [U] (exclamation used in a) game played to amuse young children, in which one hides one's face and then uncovers it 躲躲猫（把脸一隐一现逗乐小儿的游戏）; 做这种游戏时发出的声音.

peel
[pi:l; pil] v 1 (a) [Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (for sb) take the skin off (fruit, etc) 除掉（水果等）的皮: * peel a banana, an apple, a potato, etc 剥香蕉皮、 削苹果皮、 刮土豆皮 * Would you peel me an orange? 给我剥个橙子行吗? (b) [Ip, Tn.p] ~ (sth) away/off (cause skin, etc on a surface to) be removed （使外皮等）剥落: * peel away the outer layer 剥掉外层 * The label will peel off if you soak it in water. 那标签用水浸湿即可脱落. (c) [I] have a skin or outer layer which comes off 脱皮; 外层脱落: * These oranges peel easily. 这些橙子的皮好剥. 2 (a) [I, Ip] ~ (off) (of a covering) come off in strips or flakes （指覆盖层）剥落, 脱落: * The wallpaper is peeling (off). 壁纸正在剥落. * After sunbathing, my skin began to peel. 我作了日光浴後, 皮肤有些脱落了. * The bark of plane trees peels off regularly. 悬铃木的树皮到时候就脱落. (b) [I] (of a surface) lose its covering in strips or flakes （指表面）脱皮, 剥落: * My face is peeling. 我的脸脱皮了. * The walls have begun to peel. 墙皮已开始剥落了. 3 (idm 习语) keep one's eyes peeled/skinned =>eye1. 4 (phr v) peel off (of cars, aircraft, etc) leave a group and turn to one side （指汽车、 飞行器等）离队转向一侧: * One squadron peeled off to attack enemy bombers. 一中队战机脱离编队攻击敌轰炸机群. peel (sth) off (infml 口) remove (one's clothes), esp when one is hot or before exercise 脱掉（衣服）（尤指因热或於运动前）: * peel off and dive into the sea 脱掉衣服跳进大海 * peel off one's jumper 脱下毛衣. 派生： peel n [U] outer covering or skin of fruit, vegetables, etc （蔬菜、 水果等的）皮: lemon peel 柠檬皮 * candied peel, ie peel of oranges, lemons, etc coated in sugar 蜜饯果皮. Cf 参看 rind, skin 4, zest 3. peeler n (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) device for peeling

peel1
(fruit, etc) （水果等的）剥皮机, 削皮器: a po`tato peeler 马铃薯削皮器. peelings[5pi:liNz; 5piliNz] n [pl] (esp of fruit and vegetables) parts peeled off （尤指水果和蔬菜）削下或剥下的皮.

peep
1[pi:p; pip] v [I, Ipr, Ip] 1 ~ (at sth) look quickly and slyly or cautiously (at sth) 匆匆地（且诡秘地或小心地）看（某物）; 偷看; 窥视: * peep at a secret document 偷看秘密文件 * be caught peeping through the keyhole 贴近锁眼窥视被当场抓住. Cf 参看 peek, peer2. 2 (of light) appear through a narrow opening （指光）通过细孔透入: * daylight peeping through the curtains 穿过窗 的阳光. 3 appear slowly or partly 慢慢露出; 部分出现: * The moon peeped out from behind the clouds. 月亮从云层中隐现. * green shoots peeping up through the soil 慢慢破土而出的绿芽. 派生： peep n 1 (esp sing 尤作单数) short quick look, esp a secret or sly one 一瞥（尤指秘密的或诡秘的）; 偷看; 窥视: have a peep through the window 隔着窗户偷看 * take a peep at the baby asleep in her cot 悄悄地看看小床里熟睡的孩子. 2 (idm 习语) peep of `day first light of day; dawn 晨曦; 破晓. peeper n (usu pl 通常作复数) (sl 俚) eye 眼睛. 复合： `peep-hole n small opening in a wall, door, curtain, etc through which one may peep at sth 窥孔. ,Peeping `Tom (derog 贬) person who likes to spy on people when they do not know they are being watched; voyeur 爱偷看他人活动的人; 有窥淫癖的人. `peep-show n exhibition of small pictures in a box, which are viewed through a magnifying lens placed in a small opening 西洋景; 西洋镜.

peepul
= pipal.

peer
1[piE(r); pir] n 1 (a) [C] person who is equal to another in rank, status or merit （官阶、 等级、 地位或功绩）同等的人: * It will not be easy to find his peer. 很不容易找到像他那样的人. * be judged by one's peers 受到与自己地位相同的人的评价. (b) [C usu pl 通常作复数] person who is the same age as another 同龄人: * He doesn't spend enough time with his peers. 他不大与其同龄人交往. 2 [C] (in Britain) male member of one of the ranks of nobility (eg duke, marquis, earl, viscount, baron) （在英国）有爵位的男子（如公、 侯、 伯、 子、 男等贵族）: * a `life peer 终身为贵族的男子. 派生： peerage[5piEridV; 5piridV] n 1 [Gp] the whole body of peers 贵族（总称）: * elevate/raise sb to the peerage, ie make sb a peer or peeress 封某人为贵族. 2 [C] rank of a peer 贵族的爵位: * inherit a peerage 承袭贵族的爵位. 3 [C] book containing a list of the peers and details of their ancestry 贵族名册（记载所有贵族家谱的）. peeress[5piEres; 5piris] n (a) female peer 女贵族. (b) wife or widow of a peer 贵族的夫人或遗孀. peerless adj superior to all others; without equal 无与匹敌的; 无双的. 复合： `peer group group of people of approximately the same age or status 年龄或地位相近的人: mix with one's peer group 与自己类似的人交往. ,peer of the `realm (in Britain) hereditary peer with the right to sit in the House of Lords （在英国）可成为上议院议员的世袭贵族.

peeve
[pi:v; piv] v [Tn] (infml 口) annoy (sb); put (sb) in a bad temper 惹恼（某人）; 惹（某人）发脾气: * It peeves me to be ordered out of my own house. 命令我从自己的家中出去, 真太气人了. 派生： peeved adj ~ (about sth) (infml 口) annoyed 生气的; 恼怒的: He looks very peeved about something. 他好像对什麽事很生气. peevish[5pi:viF; 5piviF] adj easily annoyed (esp by unimportant things); irritable 易怒的（尤指对小事）; 急躁的. peevishly adj. peevishness n [U].

peewit
(also pewit)[5pi:wit; 5piwit] n = lapwing.

peg
1[peg; peg] n 1 wooden, metal or plastic pin or bolt, usu narrower at one end than the other, used to hold things together, to hang things on, to mark a position, etc （木、 金属或塑料的）钉, 栓, 销, 挂钉, 短桩. 2 (a) pin fastened to a wall or door, on which hats and coats may be hung 挂衣帽的钩或钉: * a hat/coat peg 挂帽钉[挂衣钩]. (b) (also `tent-peg) pin hammered into the ground to hold one of the ropes of a tent in place 系帐篷的桩. =>illus 见插图. (c) pin used to mark a position, eg on a piece of land 界桩（如在地界上的）: * a surveyor's peg 测标. 3 small wooden or metal pin or bolt used to fasten together esp pieces of wood （木或金属的）小钉,小栓. 4 = clothes-peg (clothes). 5 (also `tuning peg) any of several wooden screws for tightening or loosening tension in the strings of a violin, etc （提琴等上的）琴轸, 琴栓. 6 piece of wood used to seal the vent in a barrel, etc （桶等的）孔塞. 7 (also peg-leg) (infml 口) (a) artificial leg, usu wooden 假腿（通常为木制的）. (b) person with an artificial leg 装有假腿的人. 8 (idm习语) a peg to hang sth on reason, excuse or opportunity for (doing) sth （做）某事的理由、 藉口或机会: * a minor offence which provided a peg to hang their attack on 给人以攻击口实的小过失. off the `peg (of clothes) not made to measure; ready-made （指衣服）现成的: * buy a suit off the peg 买一套成衣 * [attrib 作定语] an off-the-peg suit 一套成衣. a square peg => square1. ,take sb `down a peg (or two) make (a proud or conceited person) more humble 煞（傲慢或自负者）的傲气、 锐气或威风. 复合： `peg-board n (a) [C, U] (type of) board with holes in, on which things may be fastened or hung with pegs or hooks for display, etc （有孔的）展览板（可供挂物或展示物品用）. (b) [C] board with holes in, into which pegs may be inserted, esp for a game or as a toy 插孔游戏板.

pejorative
[ pI5dVCrEtIv; ?@ -5dVR:r- or, rarely, 罕读作5pi:dVErEtIv; pI`dVRrEtIv] adj (fml 文) expressing criticismor scorn; derogatory; disparaging 贬抑的; 贬损的; 轻蔑的: * pejorative remarks, comments, words, etc 贬抑的言语、 评语、 词语等. > pejoratively adv.

peke
[pi:k; pik] n (infml 口) Pekinese 北京狗; 狮子狗; 哈叭狗.

Pekinese
(also Pekingese)[7pi:ki'ni:z; 7pikin'iz] n (pl unchanged or ~s 复数或不变或作 Pekineses) small dog with short legs and long silky hair, originally from China 北京狗, 狮子狗, 哈叭狗（原产中国）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page iii.

pekoe
[5pi:kEu; 5piko] n [U] type of high-quality tea made from the young buds of the tea plant 白毫（用茶树嫩叶制的高级茶）.

pelagic
[pE'lAdVik; pE'lAdVik] adj (fml 文) (a) (of fishing, whaling, etc) carried out on the open sea （指捕鱼、 捕鲸等）在公海进行的, 远洋的. (b) (of fish, etc) living near the surface of the open sea （指鱼等）栖居於海洋上层的, 浮游的.

pelican
[5pelikEn; 5pelikEn] n large water-bird with a pouch under its long bill for storing food 鹈胡鸟; 淘河. 复合： ,pelican `crossing pedestrian crossing with traffic lights that are operated by pedestrians 交通指挥灯由行人控制的人行横道. Cf 参看 pedestrian crossing (pedestrian), zebra crossing (zebra).

pell
mell

pellagra
[pE'lAgrE, -'leig-; pE'lAgrE, -'leg-] n [U] (medical 医) disease that causes cracking of the skin and often leads to insanity 糙皮病.

pellet
[5pelit; 5pelit] n 1 small tightly-packed ball of a soft material such as bread or wet paper, made eg by rolling it between the fingers （面包或湿纸等的）小团, 小球, 小丸（如用手指捻成的）: * paper pellets 纸团. 2 small pill 小药丸. 3 small piece of shot1(5), esp for firing from an airgun 小弹丸（尤指气枪的）.

pellucid
[pe'lu:sid; pE'lusid] adj (fml 文) 1 transparentor translucent; very clear 透明的, 半透明的; 清澈的. 2 (fig 比喻) (of style, meaning, etc) very clear （指文体、 意义等）清晰的, 清通的.

pelmet
[5pelmit; 5pelmit] (also esp US valance) n strip of wood, cloth, etc placed above a window to hide a curtain rail 窗 盒; 窗 短帷.

pelota
[pE'lEutE; pE'lotE] n [U] game played in Spain, Latin America and the Philippines, in which the players use a long basket strapped to the wrist to hit a ball against a wall 回力球（西班牙、 拉丁美洲和菲律宾的一种球类运动）.

pelt
1[pelt; pelt] n skin of an animal, esp with the fur or hair still on it 动物的皮; （尤指）毛皮: * beaver pelts 海狸皮.

pelvis
[5pelvis; 5pelvis] n (pl ~es[5pelvisiz; 5pelvisiz] or pelves[5pelvi:z; 5pelviz] ) (anatomy 解) basin-shaped framework of bones at the lower end of the body, containing the bladder, rectum, etc 骨盆. =>illus at skeleton 见skeleton

pemmican
[5pemikEn; 5pemikEn] n [U] dried meat beaten and made into cakes (originally by N American Indians) 乾肉饼（源於北美印第安人制法）.

pen
1[pen; pen] n 1 [C] (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) instrument for writing with ink, consisting of a pointed piece of split metal, a metal ball, etc, fixed into a metal or plastic holder （用有颜色液体书写的）笔; 钢笔; 圆珠笔: * fountain pen 自来水笔 * ball-point pen 圆珠笔 * felt-tip pen 毡头笔. 2 [sing] writing, esp as a profession 写作（尤指职业性的）: * He lives by his pen. 他靠写作为生. 3 (idm 习语) the ,pen is ,mightier than the `sword (saying 谚) poets, thinkers, etc, affect human affairs more than soldiers do 笔墨胜刀剑. put ,pen to `paper (fml 文) (start to) write sth, eg a letter （开始）写（信等）. a slip of the pen/tongue => slip1. 派生： pen v (-nn-) [Tn] (fml 文) write (a letter, etc) 写（信等）: She penned a few words of thanks. 她写了几句致谢的话. 复合： ,pen-and-`ink adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] drawnwith a pen 用钢笔画的: pen-and-ink drawings, sketches, illustrations, etc 钢笔画的画、 素描、 插图等. `pen-friend (also esp US `pen-pal) n person with whom one builds a friendship by exchanging letters, esp sb in a foreign country whom one has never met 笔友. `penknife (also `pocket-knife) n (pl -knives) small knife with one or more blades that fold down into the handle, usu carried in the pocket 小摺刀. =>illus at knife 见knife插图. `pen-name n name used by a writer instead of his real name; pseudonym 笔名. `pen-pusher n (infml derog 口, 贬) person (esp a clerk) whose job involves a lot of boring paperwork 做大量单调文书工作的人（如文员）. `pen-pushing n [U] (infml derog 口, 贬) boring paperwork 乏味的文书工作.

penal
[5pi:nl; 5pinl] adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] 1 of, relating to or used for punishment, esp by law （有关或用作）处罚的, （尤指）刑罚的: * penal laws, reforms 刑法、 刑法改革 * a `penal colony/settlement, ie a place where criminals are sent as a punishment 罪犯流放地 * penal taxation, ie taxation which is so heavy that it seems like a punishment 繁重的课税（重如惩罚）. 2 punishable by law 应受刑罚的: * a penal offence 刑事罪. > penally/ 5pi:nElI; `pinlI/ adv. 复合： `penal code system of laws relating to crime and its punishment 刑法典. ,penal `servitude (Brit law 律) (formerly) punishment in which sb is sent to prison and forced to do hard physical work （旧时）劳役刑, 劳役监禁.

penalize, penalise
[5pi:nElaiz; 5pinl7aiz] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr esp passive 尤用於被动语态] ~ sb (for sth) punish sb for breaking a rule or law, esp (in games and sports) by giving an advantage to his opponent （因犯规或违法）处罚某人; （尤指比赛中）判罚: * People who drive when they are drunk should be heavily penalized. 对酒醉开车者应予重罚. * He was penalized for a foul on the striker, eg A free kick was awarded to the striker's team. 他因对前锋犯规而受罚（如对方球队获踢任意球）. 2 [Tn] put (sb) at a disadvantage; handicap (sb) unfairly 使（某人）处不利地位; 不正当地妨碍（某人）: * The new law penalizes the poorest members of society. 新法规对社会中最贫困者不 利. 3 [Tn] make (sth) punishable by law 使（某事）可以刑法论处. > penalization[7pi:nElai'zeiFn; - -li'z-;7pinli'zeFEn] n [U].

penalty
[5penlti; 5penlti] n 1 ~ (for sth) (a) punishment for breaking a law, rule or contract 刑罚; 处罚; 惩罚: * It is part of the contract that there is a penalty for late delivery. 合同中有延迟交货的惩罚规定. (b) thing imposed as a punishment, eg imprisonment or a fine施加的惩罚（如监禁、 罚款）: * the `death penalty 死刑 * It is an offence to travel without a valid ticket penalty 100. 无有效票证乘搭交通工具--违章罚款100英镑. * The maximum penalty for this crime is 10 years' imprisonment. 这种罪行的最高刑罚是10年监禁. 2 disadvantage, suffering or inconvenience caused by an action or a circumstance （行为或处境造成的）不利、 苦恼或不便: * One of the penalties of fame is loss of privacy. 成名的弊端之一是失去了私人活动自由. 3 (a) (in sports and games) disadvantage imposed on a player or team as a punishment for breaking a rule, esp (in football) a free shot at goal by the opposing team （运动和竞赛等的）处罚（尤指足球中罚任意球）: * The referee awarded a penalty to the home team. 裁判判给主队罚对方任意球. (b) (in football) goal scored with a penalty kick （足球）罚球得分. 4 (idm 习语) on/under pain/penalty of sth => pain. pay the penalty => pay2. 复合： `penalty area (in football) area in front of the goal within which a foul by the defenders is punished by the award of a penalty kick to the attacking team （足球）罚球区. =>illus at Association football (association) 见Association football (association)插图. `penalty clause part of a contract stating that money must be paid if sb breaks the contract 合同中违约罚款的规定. `penalty kick (in football) free kick at the goal awarded to the attacking team for a foul committed in the penalty area （足球）罚点球.

penance
[5penEns; 5penEns] n 1 [C, U] ~ (for sth) punishment that one imposes on oneself to show that one is sorry for having done wrong （表示忏悔的）自我惩罚: * an act of penance 自惩 * do penance (ie perform an act that shows one is sorry) for one's sins 为赎罪进行自我惩罚 * (joc 谑) She made him do the washing-up as (a) penance for forgetting her birthday. 因为他把她生日忘了, 所以她罚他洗碗. 2 [U] (in the Roman Catholic and Orthodox Churches) sacrament that includes confession, absolution and an act of penance imposed by the priest （天主教和东正教的）补赎圣事, 告解圣事, 修和圣事.

pence
pl of penny.

penchant
[5pa:nFa:n; - 'pentFEnt; 5pentFEnt] n (French 法) ~ for sth liking or taste for sth 爱好; 嗜好: * She has a penchant for Indian food. 她爱吃印度食物.

pencil
[5pensl; 5pensl] n 1 (a) [C] instrument for drawing or writing with, consisting of a thin stick of graphite or coloured chalk enclosed in a cylinder of wood or fixed in a metal case 铅笔: * [attrib 作定语] a pencil drawing 铅笔画. (b) [U] writing done with a pencil 铅笔字: * Should I sign my name in pencil or ink? 我用铅笔还是用钢笔签字? * Pencil rubs out easily. 铅笔写的容易擦掉. 2 [C] (usu in compounds 通常用以构成复合词) thing used or shaped like a pencil 用途或形状似笔之物: * an `eyebrow pencil, ie a stick of cosmetic material used by women to darken the eyebrows 眉笔. 派生： pencil v (-ll-; US -l-) 1 [Tn] write, draw or mark (sth) with a pencil 用铅笔写、 画或标记（某物）: She pencilled the rough outline of a house. 她用铅笔画出房子的轮廓图. * pencilled eyebrows 描过的眉毛. 2 (phr v) pencil sth in write (a suggested date, arrangement, etc) provisionally in a diary 在日志中临时记下（建议的日期、 安排等）: Let's pencil in 3 May for the meeting. 我们把会议日期暂定为5月3日吧. 复合： `pencil-case n small bag, box, etc for holding pencils and pens 铅笔盒; 铅笔袋. `pencil-sharpener n device for sharpening pencils 削铅笔器.

pendant
[5pendEnt; 5pendEnt] n 1 ornament that hangs from a chain worn round the neck （项 上的）垂饰. 2 piece of decorated glass hanging from a chandelier （枝形吊灯的）玻璃垂饰物. 3 = pennant.

pendent
[5pendEnt; 5pendEnt] adj (fml 文) hanging from sth 下垂的; 悬挂着的.

pending
[5pendiN; 5pendiN] adj [pred 作表语] (fml 文) (a) waiting to be decided or settled 待决; 未决: * The lawsuit was then pending. 那件讼案因而尚未解决. (b) about to happen; imminent 即将发生; 逼近: * A decision on this matter is pending. 此事即将作出决定. 派生： pending prep (fml 文) (a) while waiting for (sth); until 在等待（某事物）之际; 直至: She was held in custody pending trial. 她被拘留候审. (b) during (sth) 在（某事）期间: pending the negotiations 谈判期间.

pendulous
[5pendjulEs; - -dVulEs; 5pendVElEs] adj (fml 文) hanging down loosely so as to swing from side to side 下垂的; 悬垂而摇摆不定的: * pendulous breasts 松垂的乳房.

pendulum
[5pendjulEm; - -dVulEm; 5pendVElEm] n 1 weight hung on a cord from a fixed point so that it can swing freely 摆; 摆锤. 2 rod with a weight at the bottom that regulates the mechanism of a clock 钟摆. =>illus 见插图. 3 (idm 习语) the swing of the pendulum => swing2.

penetrable
[5penitrEbl; 5penEtrEbl] adj (fml 文) that can be penetrated 可被穿过的; 可被充满的; 可被看穿的; 可深刻理解的. > penetrability[7penitrE'bilEti;7penEtrE'bilEti] n [U].

penetrate
[5penitreit; 5penE7tret] v 1 [Ipr, Tn] ~ (into/through) sth make a way into or through sth 进入或穿过某物: * Our troops have penetrated (into) enemy territory. 我部队已深入到敌占区. * The mist penetrated (into) the room. 雾已渗入室内. * The heavy rain had penetrated right through her coat. 大雨湿透了她的大衣. * (fig 比喻) The cat's sharp claws penetrated (ie pierced) my skin. 猫的尖爪刺进了我的皮层. * The party has been penetrated (ie infiltrated) by extremists. 有些极端分子已打入该党. * A shrill cry penetrated the silence. 一声尖叫划破了寂静. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr esp passive 尤用於被动语态] ~ sb/sth (with sth) fill or spread through sb/sth 充满; 遍布: * Cold horror penetrated her whole being. 她吓得浑身发凉. 3 [Tn] see or show a way into or through (sth) 看穿或透过（某事物）: * Our eyes could not penetrate the darkness. 我们的眼睛在黑暗中看不见东西. * The headlamps penetrated the fog. 车的前灯的光射进雾中.* (fig 比喻) We soon penetrated his disguise, ie saw who he really was. 我们很快看穿了他的伪装. 4 [Tn] understand or discover (sth) 洞察或发现（某事物）: * It was impossible to penetrate the mystery. 那奥秘无法揭穿. * He penetrated their thoughts. 他了解他们的想法. 5 [I, Tn] be fully understood or realized (by sb) 被（他人）充分理解或领悟: * I explained the problem to him several times but it didn't seem to penetrate. 那问题我向他解释多次, 他似无所悟. * Nothing we say penetrates his thick skull! 无论我们说什麽他都不懂! 派生： penetrating adj 1 having or showing the ability to think and understand quickly and deeply 思想敏锐的; 有洞察力的: a penetrating mind, question, thinker 敏捷的头脑、 尖锐的问题、 有洞察力的思想家 * a penetrating look, glance, stare, etc 深明其意的目光、 一瞥、 注视等. 2 (of a voice or sound) loud and carrying; piercing （指声音）响亮的, 尖锐的: a penetrating cry, shriek, yell, etc 刺耳的哭喊、 尖叫、 叫喊等. penetratingly adv.

penetration
[7peni'treiFn; 7penE'treFEn] n [U] 1 (action or process of) penetrating 进入; 穿过; 充满; 看穿; 洞察; 领悟: * our penetration of the enemy's defences我军对敌人防线的突破. 2 ability to think and understandquickly and deeply 洞察力; 领悟力: * the penetration of her mind/her powers of penetration 她的悟性.

penetrative
[5penitrEtiv; - -treitiv; 5penE7tretiv] adj 1 that can penetrate 有穿透力的; 能将他物充满的; 有看穿能力的; 有洞察力的; 有领悟力的. 2 (of sb's mind, thoughts, etc) astute （指人的头脑、 想法等）精明的, 敏锐的: * a penetrative analysis 精辟的分析.

penguin
[5peNgwin; 5peNgwin] n black and white sea-bird living in the Antarctic, with webbed feet and wings like flippers that are used for swimming 企鹅.

penicillin
[7peni'silin; 7peni'silin] n [U] substance obtained from mould fungi, used as an antibiotic drug to prevent or treat infections caused by bacteria 青霉素; 盘尼西林.

peninsula
[pE'ninsjulE; - -nsElE; pE'ninsElE] n area of land almost surrounded by water or projecting far into the sea 半岛: * the Iberian peninsula, ie Spain and Portugal 伊比利亚半岛（即西班牙和葡萄牙所在地）. 派生： peninsular[-lE(r); -ll] adj of or like a peninsula （似）半岛的.

penis
[5pi:nis; 5pinis] n organ with which a male animal copulates and (in mammals) urinates 阴茎. =>illus at male 见male插图.

penitence
[5penitEns; 5penEtEns] n [U] ~ (for sth) sorrow or regret for having done sth wrong 悔过; 悔罪; 忏悔: * show penitence for one's sins 对罪过表示忏悔.

penitent
[5penitEnt; 5penEtEnt] adj feeling or showing regret or remorse for having done sth wrong 後悔的; 悔罪的; 忏悔的: * a penitent sinner 悔悟的罪人. 派生： penitent n (religion 宗) penitent person, esp one who is doing penance(2) 悔罪者; 忏悔者; （尤指）告解者. penitently adv.

penitential
[7peni'tenFl; 7penE'tenFEl] adj of or relatingto penitence or penance 忏悔的; 悔过的; 悔罪的; 苦行赎罪的. > penitentially[-FEli; -FEli] adv.

penitentiary
[7peni'tenFEri; 7penE'tenFEri] n (US) federalor state prison for people who have committed serious crimes （联邦或州的）监狱. 派生： penitentiary adj (a) of or relating to penance 自我惩罚的; 赎罪的. (b) of or relating to treatment intendedto reform offenders 感化的.

penmanship
[5penmEnFip; 5penmEn7Fip] n [U] skill or style in writing or in handwriting 书写的技巧或风格; 书法.

penn'orth
[5penEW; 5penlW] n [sing] (infml 口) = pennyworth (penny).

pennant
[5penEnt; 5penEnt] (also pendant, pennon) n (a) long narrow flag tapering to a point, used on a ship for signalling or as identification （船上用作信号或识别标志的）长叁角旗. =>illus at flag 见flag插图. (b) (US) flag of this shape used as a school banner or as the symbol of a sports championship （长叁角形的）校旗, 锦标旗.

penniless
[5penilis; 5penilis] adj having no money; very poor; destitute 一文不名的; 赤贫如洗的: * a penniless old man 穷老头.

pennon
[5penEn; 5penEn] n 1 long narrow triangular or swallow-tailed flag, originally used by a knight on his lance 狭长叁角旗, 燕尾旗（原为骑士所执长矛上的饰物）. 2 = pennant.

penny
[5peni; 5peni] n (pl pence/pens; pens] or pennies[5peniz; 5peniz] ) 1 (abbr 缩写 p) (since decimal coinage was introduced in 1971) British bronze coin worth one hundredth of a pound 便士（英国黄铜硬币, 自1971年实行十进位制後, 其值为一英镑的百分之一）: * Potatoes are 20 pence a pound. 土豆每磅20便士. * These pencils cost 40p each. 这些铅笔每枝40便士. 2 (abbr 缩写 d) former British bronze coin worth one twelfth of a shilling, in use until 1971 便士（为英国黄铜硬币, 1971年以前其值为一先令的十二分之一）. 3 (US infml 口) cent 分（钱币单位）. 4 (idm 习语) be two/ten a `penny (a) be very cheap 非常便宜. (b) be numerous and easy to obtain 多而易得. earn/turn an honest penny => honest. ,in for a `penny, ,in for a `pound (saying 谚) having started to do sth, it is worth spending as much time or money as is necessary to complete it 既已开始, 应该完成; 一不做, 二不休. the `penny drops (infml 口 esp Brit) sb now understands or realizes sth that he had not understood or realized before 原来如此; 恍然大悟: * I had to explain the problem to her several times before the penny finally dropped. 那问题我给她解释了好几次, 最後她才明白. a ,penny for your `thoughts (catchphrase 警语) (used to ask sb what he is thinking about 用以问某人在想什麽). ,penny `wise (and) ,pound `foolish careful about spending small amounts of money but reckless about spending large sums of money 小处节约, 大处浪费. a pretty penny => pretty. spend a penny => spend. turn up like a bad `penny (infml 口) (habitually) appear when one is unwelcome or unwanted （不受欢迎的或讨厌的人）又来了. 复合： ,penny `farthing old type of bicycle with a large front wheel and a small back wheel 旧式的前轮大後轮小的自行车. `penny-pincher (infml 口) mean person; miser 小气鬼; 吝啬鬼. `penny-pinching adj miserly 吝啬的; 小气的. n [U] miserliness 吝啬; 小气.

penny1
`pennyweight n unit of weight equal to 24 grains 本尼威特（金衡单位, 等於24格令）. ,penny `whistle = tin whistle (tin). `pennyworth[5peniwEW; 5peni7wEW] (also penn'orth) n [sing] as much as can be bought for a penny 一便士之值; 值一便士之物.

penology
[pi:'nClEdVi; pi'nalEdVi] n [U] study of crime and its punishment, and the management of prisons 刑罚学; 监狱管理学.

pension
1[5penFn; 5penFEn] n [C, U] sum of money paid regularly by the State to people above a certain age and to widowed or disabled people, or by an employer to a retired employee 养老金; 抚恤金; 退休金: * an old-age `pension 养老金 * a retirement pension 退休金 * an army pension 军队发放的抚恤金 * draw one's pension, eg obtain it regularly from a Post Office 领取退休金（如定期到邮局领取） * live on a pension 靠退休金生活. 派生： pension v 1 [Tn] pay a pension to (sb) 发给（某人）养老金、 退休金或抚恤金. 2 (phr v) pension sb off (often passive 常用於被动语态) allow or force sb to retire, and pay him a pension 准予或迫使某人退休并发给退休金: He was pensioned off and replaced with a younger man. 他被迫退休, 由一年轻人接替其职务. pension sth off (often passive 常用於被动语态) (infml 口) no longer use sth, because it is old and worn 因破旧不堪再用: The old printing press will have to be pensioned off. 那个旧印刷机得报销了. pensionable adj giving sb the right to receive apension 可领取退休金、 养老金或抚恤金的: a pensionablejob, position, post, etc 可领取养老金的工作、 职位等 * She is of pensionable age. 她已到领取养老金的年纪了. pensioner[5penFEnE(r); 5penFEnl] n person who is receiving a pension (esp an old-age pension) 领退休金或抚恤金的人; （尤指）领养老金的人: * an old-age pensioner 领养老金的人.

pensive
[5pensiv; 5pensiv] adj thinking deeply about sth, esp in a sad or serious way 沉思的; （尤指）忧虑的: * a pensive expression, look, mood 忧虑的表情、 样子、 情绪 * She looked pensive when she heard the news. 她听到这消息时神情严肃. > pensively adv. pensiveness n [U].

pent up
[7pent 'Qp; 5pent'Qp] adj (of feelings) not expressed; repressed （指感情）不流露的, 被抑制的: * feelings that have been pent up for too long 压抑过久的感情 *,pent-up `anger, e`motion, fru`stration, etc 郁结的愤懑、 情感、 沮丧等.

penta-
comb form 构词成分 having or made up of five of sth 有五个某物; 由五个某物组成: a pentagon * the pentathlon.

pentagon
[5pentEgEn; - -gCn; 5pentE7gan] n 1 [C] geometric figure with five sides and angles 五角形; 五边形. 2 the Pentagon (a) [sing] the five-sided building near Washington that is the headquarters of the US Department of Defence and the US armed forces 五角大楼（美国国防部办公处）. (b) [Gp] the leaders of the US armed forces 美国叁军首脑: * a spokesman for the Pentagon 美国国防部发言人. 派生： pentagonal/pen'tAgEnl; pen'tAgEnl] adj having five sides 五边形的; 五角形的.

pentameter
[pen'tAmitE(r); pen'tAmEtl] n line of verse with five metrical feet 五音步诗行.

Pentateuch
[5pentEtju:k; 5pentE7tjuk] n the Pentateuch[sing] the first five books of the Bible 摩西五经（《圣经》的首五卷）.

pentathlon
[pen'tAWlEn, -lCn; pen'tAWlEn, -lCn] n athletic contest in which each competitor takes part in five events (running, riding, swimming, fencing and shooting) 五项全能运动（跑步、 骑马、 游泳、 击剑和射击）.

Pentecost
[5pentikCst; - -kC:st; 5penti7kCst] n [sing] 1 Jewish harvest festival that takes place fifty days after the second day of the Passover （犹太人的）五旬节（庆祝收获的节日, 为逾越节次日起之50日）. 2 (Brit alsoWhit Sunday) (in the Christian Church) seventh Sundayafter Easter, commemorating the descent of the Holy Ghost on the apostles （基督教的）圣灵降临节（复活节後第七个星期日）. 派生： pentecostal[7penti'kCstl; - -'kC:stl; 7penti'kCstl] adj 1 of or relating to Pentecost （犹太人）五旬节的; 圣灵降临节的. 2 Pentecostal (of a religious group) emphasizing the divine gifts, esp the power to heal the sick （指教派）五旬节派的（着重神的恩赐, 尤指治病能力）.

penthouse
[5penthaus; 5pent7haus] n 1 house or flat built on the roof of a tall building （高楼的）顶层房子: * [attrib 作定语] a luxury penthouse flat/apartment/suite 豪华的楼顶的公寓[单元房/一套房间]. 2 sloping roof (esp for a shelter or shed) attached to the wall of a building and supported by it 庇檐, 披屋（靠墙的单坡顶）.

penultimate
[pe'nQltimEt; pi'nQltEmit] adj [attrib 作定语] next to and before the last one; last but one 倒数第二的: * the penultimate letter of a word 一词的倒数第二个字母 * the penultimate day of the month 月底的前一日.

penumbra
[pi'nQmbrE; pi'nQmbrE] n (pl -brae[-bri:; -bri] or -bras[-brEz; -brEz] ) partly shaded area around the shadow of an opaque object (esp around the total shadow of the moon or earth in an eclipse) 半阴影; （尤指日、 月蚀的）半影. Cf 参看 umbra.

penurious
[pi'njuriEs; - -'nur-; pE'nuriEs] adj (fml 文) 1 very poor 贫穷的. 2 mean with money; stingy 吝啬的; 小气的. > penuriously adv. penuriousnessn [U] = penury.

penury
[5penjuri; 5penjEri] n [U] (fml 文) extreme poverty 贫穷: * living in penury 过着贫穷的生活 * reduced to penury 陷於贫困之中.

peon
[5pi:En; 5piEn] n 1 (in India, etc) person employedas a messenger （印度等国的）信差. 2 (in Latin America) farm labourer （拉丁美洲的）农场工人.

peony
[5pi:Eni; 5piEni] n garden plant with large round pink, red or white flowers 芍药; 牡丹.

people
[5pi:pl; 5pipl] n 1 [pl v] persons 人: * Were there many people at the party? 聚会上的人多吗? * Some people are very inquisitive. 有些人好管闲事. * streets crowded with people 挤满人的街道 * He meets a lot of famous people in his job. 他在工作中常能见到许多名人. * Many old people live alone. 不少老年人都独自生活. =>Usage at man1 用法见man1. 2 (a) [C] (all the persons belonging to a) nation, race, tribe or community 民族; 种族; 部落; 人民: * the English-speaking peoples 说英语的民族 * The Spartans were a warlike people. 斯巴达人是尚武的民族. (b) [pl v] those persons who live in a particular place or have a particular nationality 生活在某地或有某国籍的人们: * the people (ie inhabitants) of London 伦敦居民 * the British, French, Russian, etc people 英国人、 法国人、 俄国人. =>Usage 见所附用法. 3 the people [pl v] the citizens of a country, esp those with the right to vote 国民, 公民（尤指有选举权者）: * The President no longer has the support of the people. 总统已失去国民的支持. 4 the people [pl v] ordinary persons who do not have a special rank or position in society 普通人; 平民; 民众: * the common people 老百姓 * a man of the people, eg a politician who is popular with ordinary people 受民众欢迎的人（如受欢迎的政治家）. 5 [pl v] subjects (of a king) or supporters (of a leader) （国王的）臣民; （领袖的）拥护者: * a king loved by his people 受臣民爱戴的国王 * His people worked hard to get him elected. 拥护他的人都为使他当选而努力.6 [pl v] (infml 口) person's parents or other relatives 父母或亲戚: * She's spending Christmas with her people. 她与亲人一起过圣诞节. 7 (idm 习语) people (who live) in glass houses shouldn't throw stones (saying 谚) one should not criticize others for faults similar to one's own 住在玻璃房子里, 不要向人扔石头; 自己有错就不要批评别人.

people1
派生： people v [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] fill (a place, an area, etc) with people; populate 使（某地）住满人; 居住於: He believes the world is peopled with idiots. 他认为世上多白痴. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Compare person, persons, people and peoples. 试比较person、 persons、 people、 peoples的用法. 1 People is the most usual plural of person. *people是person最通用的复数形式. Persons is formal and mostly used in legal language. *persons较文, 主要作法律用语. 2 Person can also sound formal and is often avoided. *person有时也较文, 通常避免使用. In general statements, the sentence can be made plural 在泛指时, 此词在句中可用其复数形式: A person has the right to defend himself/People have the right to defend themselves. 人人均有自卫权. When referring to a particular situation, we can say I saw someone/a man/a woman riding a horse instead of I saw a person riding a horse. 在特指时, 可以说‘我看见有个人[男的/女的]骑着马’（英文句中可以不用person, 用someone/a man/a woman）. 3 People is also a singular noun (plural peoples) meaning `nation', `tribe' or `race' *people作‘民族’、 ‘部落’或‘种族’解时, 是单数名词（复数是peoples）: The Ancient Egyptians were a fascinating people. 古埃及人是个令人神往的民族. * the French-speaking peoples of the world 世界上说法语的民族.

pep
[pep; pep] n [U] (infml 口) feeling of liveliness; vigour 精力; 精神; 活力: * full of pep and running around like a puppy 生龙活虎般跑来跑去. 派生： pep v (-pp-) (phr v) pep sb/sth up make sb/sth (feel) more lively or energetic; stimulate sb/sth 使某人活跃或精力充沛; 使某事物振奋: A walk in the fresh air will pep me up. 我在空气新鲜的地方散步就感到精神饱满. * lively music to pep up the party 活跃聚会气氛的欢快的音乐. 复合： `pep pill pill containing a drug (usu amphetamine) that stimulates the nervous system 兴奋药丸; （通常指）安非他明. `pep talk talk intended to improve morale, esp by encouraging the listener(s) to work harder, try to win, etc 鼓励的话; 激励的话: The team was given a pep talk on the morning of the big match. 运动队在大赛当天早晨听了一次鼓舞士气的讲话.

pepper
[5pepE(r); 5pepl] n 1 [U] hot-tasting powder made from the dried berries of certain plants and used for flavouring food 胡椒粉: * a dash of pepper 少许胡椒粉. 2 [C] (a) garden plant with large green, yellow or red hollow seed pods; capsicum 辣椒; 番椒. (b) one of these pods used as a vegetable 辣椒（蔬菜）: * peppers stuffed with meat and rice 肉末大米填充的辣椒. 派生： pepper v 1 [Tn] put pepper on (food) 在（食物）上撒胡椒粉. 2 [Tn.pr] ~sb/sth with sth hit sb/sth repeatedly with small objects 用小物体不断打击某人 [某物]: The wall had been peppered with bullets. 墙上有密集的子弹痕迹. * a batsman peppering the field with shots 击球手把球连续不断地击向场地 * (fig 比喻) pepper sb with questions 像开连珠炮般向某人提出许多问题. peppery[5pepEri; 5pepEri] adj 1 tasting of or likepepper （似）胡椒味的, 辣椒味的; 辣的. 2 easily angered; hot-tempered 暴躁的; 易怒的; 性子急的: * a peppery old colonel 脾气暴躁的老上校. 复合： ,pepper-and-`salt adj 1 (of cloth) having dark and light wools woven together to show a mixture of dark and light spots （指布料）黑白毛混纺的. 2 (of hair) white and brown together （指毛发）花白的, 灰褐色的. `peppercorn n dried berry that is ground to make pepper 胡椒粒. ,peppercorn `rent very low rent 极低的租金. `pepper-mill n container in which peppercorns are ground to powder for sprinkling on food （用手碾的）胡椒磨. `pepper-pot n small container with holes in the top, used for sprinkling pepper on food 胡椒瓶. Cf 参看 salt-cellar (salt).

peppermint
[5pepEmint; 5pepl7mint] n (a) [U] type of mint grown for its strong-flavoured oil which is used in sweets and in medicine 胡椒薄荷: * oil of peppermint 胡椒薄荷油. (b) (also mint) [C] sweet flavoured with oil of peppermint 薄荷糖: * suck a peppermint 吃薄荷糖 * [attrib 作定语] peppermint creams 薄荷奶油. Cf 参看 spearmint.

pepsin
[5pepsin; 5pepsin] n [U] liquid produced in the stomach which helps food to be digested 胃蛋白 . 派生： peptic[5peptik; 5peptik] adj of digestion or the digestive system 消化的; 消化系统的: * a peptic ulcer, ie one in the digestive system 消化性バ疡.

per
[pE(r); pl; strong form 强读式 pE:(r); pE] prep (used to express rates, prices, etc 用以表示比率、 价格等) for each (unit of time, length, etc) 每, 每一（时间、 长度等单位）: * 60 per day 每天60英镑 * 2 per person 每人2英镑 * calculated per square yard 以每平方码计算的 * 45 revolutions per minute 每分钟45转 * 100 miles per hour 每小时100英里.

per annum
[pEr 'AnEm; pl'AnEm] adv for each year 每年: * earning 15000 per annum 每年挣15000英镑.

per capita
[pE 'kApitE; pl'kApitE] adv, adj [attrib 作定语] for each person 每人（的）骃人均（的）: * Per capita incomes rose sharply last year. 去岁人均收入剧增.

per pro
[7pE: 'prEu; 7pE 'pro] abbr 缩写 = pp 2.

per se
[7pE: 'sei; 5pE'si] (Latin 拉) by or of itself; intrinsically 本身; 本质上: * The drug is not harmful per se, but is dangerous when taken with alcohol. 该药本身并无害处, 但与酒类同服则有危险.

perambulate
[pE'rAmbjuleit; pl'AmbjE7let] v (fml or rhet 文或修辞) 1 [Tn] walk about, through or over (a place) 漫步於, 步行通过（某地）: * perambulate the boundaries of his estate 巡视他的庄园地界. 2 [I] walkaround or up and down 到处走; 漫步; 散步: * perambulateafter lunch 午饭後散步. > perambulation/pE7rmbju'leiFn; pl7AmbjE'leFEn] n [C, U]: * He saw many strange things during his perambulations in the old city. 他到那古老的城市里闲逛, 看见很多奇怪的事物.

perambulator
[pE'rAmbjuleitE(r); pl'AmbjE7letl] n (Brit fml 文) pram （手推的四轮的）幼儿车.

perceive
[pE'si:v; pl'siv] v 1 [Tn, Tf, Tw, Tnt, Tng] (fml 文) become aware of (sb/sth); notice; observe 意识到, 注意到, 观察到（某人[某事物]）: * I perceived a change in his behaviour/that his behaviour had changed. 我发觉他的行为有些变化. * We had already perceived how the temperature fluctuated. 我们已注意到温度的波动情形. * The patient was perceived to have difficulty in standing and walking. 据观察所见, 病人站立和行走都有困难. 2 [Cn.n/a] ~ sth as sth interpret sth in a certain way; view 理解或领悟某事物; 认为: * I perceived his comment as a challenge. 我认为他的批评是对我的激励. > perceivable adj.

percentage
[pE'sentidV; pl'sentidV] n 1 [C] rate, number or amount in each hundred 百分比; 百分率: * The figure is expressed as a percentage. 那数字是以百分比表示的. * The salesmen get a percentage (ie a commission) on everything they sell. 这些推销员可从推销的商品上获得一定百分比的佣金. * [attrib 作定语] a percentage increase in ticket prices 票价上涨的百分比. 2 [sing or pl v] proportion 比例; 部分: * What percentage of his income is taxable? 他的收入有多少需纳所得税? * An increasing percentage of the population own their own homes. 自己有房子的人占人口比例越来越大了.

percentile
[pE'sentail; pl'sentail] (US centile) n (a) (in statistics) any of 99 points at which a range of data is divided to make 100 groups of equal size （统计学上的）百分位数. (b) any of these groups 百分位数之一: * an examination score in the 85th percentile, ie a score higher than 85 per cent of all scores attained in an examination 第85百分位的考分（高於考试中总得分的85%的分数）.

perceptible
[pE'septEbl; pl'septEbl] adj ~ (to sb) (fml 文) 1 that can be observed with the senses 可感知的; 可觉察的: * perceptible movements, sounds, etc 可察觉的物体运动、 声响等. 2 great enough to be noticed orobserved 能感觉到的; 看得出的; 可观察到的: * perceptible change, deterioration, improvement, increase, loss of colour 看得出的变化、 恶化、 改善、 增长、 褪色. > perceptibility/pE7septE'bilEti; pl7septE'bilEti] n [U]. perceptibly[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv: * The patient has improved perceptibly. 已看出病人有好转.

perceptive
[pE'septiv; pl'septiv] adj (fml 文) 1 quick to notice and understand things 观察敏锐的; 善於理解的: * The most perceptive of the three, she was the first to realize the potential danger of their situation. 她在他们叁人中最敏感, 首先意识到他们处境的潜在危险. 2 having or showing understanding or insight; discerning 有理解力的; 有洞察力的; 有识别力的: * a perceptive analysis, comment, judgement, etc 富有见地的分析、 评论、 判断等. 3 [attrib 作定语] of or concerning perception 感知的; 有感知的; 有理解力的; 有洞察力的: * perceptive skills 理解的技巧. > perceptively adv.perceptiveness, perceptivity[7pE:sep'tivEti; 7pEsep'tivEti] ns [U]: * show rare perceptiveness 显示罕有的理解力.

perch
1[pE:tF; pEtF] n 1 (a) place where a bird rests, eg a branch 鸟类的栖息处（如树枝）. (b) bar or rod for this purpose, eg in a bird-cage or hen-roost （作此用途的）棍, 杆（如鸟笼或鸡窝中的）. 2 (infml 口) high seat or position 高座; 高位: * He watched the game from his perch on top of the wall. 他在墙头居高临下看比赛. 3 (also pole, rod) measure of length equal to 5 yds or 5.03 metres, used esp for land 杆（长度单位, 等於5码或5.03米, 尤用以丈量土地）. =>App 5 见附录5. 4 (idm 习语) knock sb off his pedestal/perch => knock. 派生： perch v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (on sth) (of a bird) come to rest or stay (on a branch, etc) （指鸟）栖息, 停留（枝上等）: The birds perched on the television aerial. 鸟停在电视天线上. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (on sth) (of a person) sit, esp on sth high or narrow （指人）坐着（尤指坐在高处或窄物上）: perch on high stools at the bar 坐在酒吧的高凳上 * perch dangerously on a narrow ledge 坐在狭窄的边缘上, 十分危险 * perch on the edge of one's seat 坐在座位的边上. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] place (sth), esp in a high or dangerous position 将（某物）置於尤指高处或危险处: a hut perched at the edge of the cliff 悬崖边上的小舍 * perch a beret on the side of one's head 歪戴贝雷帽 * a castle perched above the river 临河而建的城堡.

perchance
[pE'tFa:ns; - -'tFAns; pl'tFAns] adv (arch 古) 1 perhaps 也许; 可能. 2 by chance 偶然; 万一.

percipient
[pE'sipiEnt; pl'sipiEnt] adj (fml 文) 1 noticing or understanding things quickly or clearly; perceptive 感知或理解敏锐的; 观察深刻的: * a percipient onlooker 目光敏锐的旁观者. 2 having or showing insight; discerning 有洞察力的; 有识别力的: * a percipient comment 精辟的评论. > percipience/pE'sipiEns; pl'sipiEns] n [U].

percolate
[5pE:kEleit; 5pEkE7let] v 1 (infml 口语作 perk) (a) [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (through sth)[~ (through) (of water) pass slowly through (coffee); filter through （指水）经（咖啡）渗透, 过滤: * The coffee is percolating, ie Boiling water is passing through ground coffee beans. 正在用过滤法煮咖啡. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (through sth/through) cause (water) to pass slowly through (coffee) 使（水）经（咖啡）过滤: * coffee made by percolating boiling water through ground coffee beans 用过滤法煮的咖啡 * I'll percolate some coffee, ie make it by percolating. 我去用过滤法煮些咖啡. 2 (a) [Ipr, Ip] ~ through (sth) (of liquid) pass slowly through (sth) （指液体）渗透过（某物）: * water percolating through sand 渗过沙层的水. (b) [Ipr] ~ through sth (of an idea, a feeling, information) spread or become known gradually （指思想、 感情、 信息）逐渐传播或透露: * The rumour percolated through the firm. 那谣言在公司里慢慢流传开来. 派生： percolation[7pE:kE'leiFn; 7pEkE'leFEn] n [C, U]. percolator n (a) pot for making and serving coffee, in which boiling water is repeatedly forced up a central tube and filtered down through ground coffee 过滤式咖啡壶. (b) any other apparatus for percolating liquids 过滤器.

percussion
[pE'kQFn; pl'kQFEn] n 1 [U] (a) striking of two (usu hard) objects together 两物相撞（通常指硬物）. (b) sound or shock that is the result of this 碰撞发出的声音或震动. 2 [U] method of playing a musical instrument by striking it with another object （打击乐器的）演奏（法）, 打击. 3 the percussion [pl v] (alsoper`cussion section) (players of) percussion instrumentsin an orchestra （管弦乐队的）打击乐器（的演奏组）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xi. 4 [U] (medical 医) gentle tapping of the surface of the body as part of a medical examination 叩诊. 派生： percussionist[-FEnist; -FEnist] n person who plays percussion instruments 打击乐器演奏者. 复合： per`cussion cap (also cap) small metal or paper device containing explosive powder, which explodes when struck 发火帽; 雷管. per`cussion instrument musical instrument (eg drum, tambourine, xylophone) played by striking it with another object 打击乐器（如鼓、 铃鼓、 木琴）.

perdition
[pE'diFn; pl'diFEn] n [U] 1 (fml religion 文, 宗) everlasting punishment of the wicked after death （恶人死後的）永久惩罚: * damned to perdition 万劫不复. 2 (arch 古) total destruction 全部毁灭.

peregrination
[7perigri5neiFn; 7perEgri5neFEn] n (fml 文) 1 [U] travelling 旅行. 2 [C] journey 旅程; 游历: * his peregrinations in southern Europe 他在南欧的游历.

peregrine
[5perigrin; 5perEgrin] n (also peregrine falcon) large black and white bird of prey that can be trained to hunt and catch small birds and animals 游隼; 鸭鹰.

peremptory
[pE'remptEri; - 'perEmptC:ri; 5perEmp7tCri] adj (fml 文) 1 (esp derog 尤作贬义) (of a person, his manner, etc) insisting on immediate obedience or submission; domineering （指人、 举止等）专横的, 霸道的: * His peremptory tone of voice irritated everybody. 他那专横的口气激怒了大家. 2 (of commands) not to be disobeyed or questioned （指命令）不容抗拒的, 不容分说的, 强制的: * a peremptory dismissal, rebuke, shout 不容分说的解雇、 指责、 喊叫. > peremptorily[-trEli; - -tC:rEli; -tCrEli] adv. 复合： peremptory `writ (law 律) document in which a defendant is ordered to appear in court 传票.

perennial
[pE'reniEl; pE'reniEl] adj 1 lasting for a long time 长久的; 持久的: * a perennial subject of interest 永 的主题. 2 constantly recurring 一再的; 反覆出现的: * aperennial problem 反覆出现的问题 * perennial complaints一再的抱怨. 3 (of plants) living for more than two years （指植物）多年生的. 派生： perennial n perennial plant 多年生植物: hardy perennials, ie plants that can normally tolerate frost 耐寒的多年生植物. perennially[-niEli; -niEli] adv.

perestroika
[7pere'strCikE; 7perE'strCikE] n [U] (Russian俄) (formaly) restructuring of the Soviet economic and political system （旧时）（苏联经济与政治体制的）改革.

perfect
1[5pE:fikt; 5pEfikt] adj 1 (a) having everything needed; complete 完备的; 完全的: * in perfect condition 情况完好 * a perfect set of teeth 一副完整的牙齿. (b) without fault; excellent 完美的; 无瑕的; 优异的: * a perfect performance of the play 该剧完美的演出 * perfect weather, behaviour 美好的天气、 优秀的品行 * a perfect score, ie one in which no points have been lost; 100 per cent 满分（100分） * Nobody is perfect. 人无完人. * speak perfect English 英语说得地道. 2 the best of its kind; ideal 最佳的; 理想的: * the perfect meal 精美的饭食 * the perfect crime, ie one in which the criminal is never discovered 不露蛛丝马迹的罪行. 3 exact; precise 准确的; 精确的: * a perfect circle, square 正圆、 正方 * a perfect copy, match, fit 精确的副本、 匹配、 配合 * perfect accuracy, timing 极精确、 极合时机. 4 ~ for sb/sth highly suitable for sb/sth; exactly right for sb/sth 极适合於某人[某事物]; 对某人[某事物]正合适: * perfect for each other 最佳搭档 * perfect day for a picnic 最适合野餐的日子. 5 (grammar) (of verb tenses) composed of has/have or had + past participle （指动词时态）完成式的（由has/have或had+过去分词组成）: * the present and past perfect tenses, eg `I have eaten'/`I had eaten' 现在完成式和过去完成式（如I have eaten/I had eaten）. 6 [attrib 作定语] (infml 口) total; absolute 全部的; 绝对的: * perfect nonsense, rubbish, etc 纯粹胡说八道、 一派胡言 * a perfect fool, pest, stranger, etc 十足的傻瓜、 害人精、 异乡人等 * She's a perfect angel! 她是真正的好人! 7 (idm 习语) practice makes perfect => practice. 派生： perfect n the perfect [sing] perfect tense 完成时态: The verb is in the perfect. 那动词是完成式. * the present/past perfect 现在[过去]完成式. perfectly adv 1 in a perfect way 完美地; 完满地;极佳地: The trousers fit perfectly. 这条裤子非常合身.2 completely; quite 完全地; 十分: perfectly happy, satisfied, content, etc 十分快乐、 满意、 满足等

perfect1
* perfectly well 极好 * perfectly able to find her own way 完全能找到她自己的出路. 3 (infml 口) extremely; absolutely 极; 非常; 绝对地: a perfectly delicious cake 非常好吃的蛋糕 * perfectly awful weather 极坏的天气 * a perfectly foul headache 剧烈的头痛. 复合： ,perfect `pitch (also ,absolute `pitch) (music 音) ability to recognize or sing any musical note 完全音高（感）, 绝对音高（感）（对任何一个乐音的识别力或演唱力）: She has perfect/absolute pitch. 她有完全音高感.

perfection
[pE'fekFn; pl'fekFEn] n 1 [U] making perfect 完美, 完善, 完备, 圆满（指过程）: * They are working on the perfection of their new paint formula. 他们正在努力研制尽善尽美的新颜料配方. 2 [U] state of being perfect; faultlessness 完美, 完善, 完备, 圆满（指状况）: * Perfection is impossible to achieve in that kind of work. 那种工作不可能做到十全十美. * aim for perfection 力求完善 * bring sth to perfection 使某事十全十美. 3 [U] highest state or quality; ideal 尽善尽美的状况或质量; 理想: * Her singing was perfection. 她的歌唱得已是炉火纯青. 4 (idm 习语) a counsel of perfection => counsel. to per`fection exactly to the right degree; perfectly 恰到好处; 尽善尽美: * wine aged to perfection 陈年佳酿 * a dish cooked to perfection 烹调 至恰到好处的菜. 派生： perfectionist[-FEnist; -FEnist] n 1 person who is not satisfied with anything less than perfection 完美主义者; 至善论者. 2 (derog 贬) person who insists on perfection in every detail even when it is not necessary 过分的完美主义者. perfectionism/pE'fekFEnizEm; pl'fekFEnizEm] n [U].

perfidy
[5pE:fidi; 5pEfEdi] n ~ (to/towards sb) (fml 文) (a) [U] acting in a treacherous or disloyal way 背叛; 背信弃义; 不忠. (b) [C] instance of this 背叛; 背信弃义; 不忠. 派生： perfidious/pE'fidiEs; pl'fidiEs] adj ~ (to/towardssb) (fml 文) treacherous, deceitful or disloyal 背叛的; 背信弃义的; 不忠的: * betrayed by perfidious allies 遭背信弃义的盟友出卖. perfidiously adv. perfidiousnessn [U].

perforate
[5pE:fEreit; 5pEfE7ret] v [Tn] 1 make a hole or holes through (sth) 在（某物）上穿孔或打眼: * perforate the cover to let air in 在盖子上打眼让空气进入 * [attrib 作定语] a perforated ulcer 穿孔的バ疡. 2 make a row of small holes (esp in paper) so that it will tear easily 在（尤指纸）上打齿孔（以便撕开）: * [attrib 作定语] a perforated sheet of postage stamps 有齿孔的邮票联张. 派生： perforation[7pE:fE'reiFn; 7pEfE'reFEn] n 1 [U] perforating or being perforated （在某物上）穿孔; （在纸等上）打齿孔. 2 [C] series of small holes made in paper, etc （纸等上的）齿孔: * tear the sheet along the perforations 顺齿孔撕下该页.

perforce
[pE'fC:s; pl'fCrs] adv (arch or fml 古或文) because it is necessary or inevitable 必; 必然; 必定.

perform
[pE'fC:m; pl'fCrm] v 1 [Tn] do (a piece of work, sth one is ordered to do, sth one has agreed to do) 做, 执行, 履行（某事）: * perform a task, one's duty, a miracle 执行任务、 履行义务、 做出奇迹 * perform an operation to save his life 动手术挽救他的生命. 2 [I, Ipr, Tn] act (a play), play (a piece of music) or do (tricks) to entertain an audience 表演（戏剧）; 演奏（音乐）; 表演（戏法）: * They are performing his play/piano concerto tonight. 他们今晚演出他的剧[钢琴协奏曲]. * watch sb perform 看某人表演 * perform skilfully on the flute 熟练地吹奏横笛 * perform live on television 电视实况演出 *performing seals in a circus 在马戏团里表演驯海豹. 3 [I](with an adv 与副词连用) (of a machine, an invention, etc) work or function （指机器等）工作, 运转; （指发明等）运用, 使用: * How is the new car performing? 新汽车性能如何? * The new drug has performed well in tests. 那种新药试验效果不错. 4 [Tn] act in an official way (at sth) 正式进行, 施行（某事）: * perform a ceremony, rite, ritual, etc 举行典礼、 仪式等. 派生： performer n person who performs in front of an audience 表演者; 演出者: an accomplished performer 有造诣的表演者. 复合： per,forming `arts drama, music, dance, etc which are performed in front of an audience 表演艺术.

performance
[pE'fC:mEns; pl'fCrmEns] n 1 [sing] process or manner of performing 执行; 履行; 工作; 作用; 施行; 进行: * faithful in the performance of his duties 忠於（他的）职守. 2 (a) [C] performing of a play at the theatre or some other entertainment （在剧院等的）演出, 表演: * the evening performance 晚场演出 * give a performance of `Hamlet' 演出《哈姆雷特》. (b) [U] in ~ performing in a concert or other entertainment （在音乐会等的）演出, 演奏: * Come and see her in performance with the new band. 来看她在新乐队中的演奏吧. 3 (a) [C] (esp outstanding) action or achievement （尤指出色的）表现, 行为, 成就: * She won a gold medal for her fine performance in the contest. 她在竞赛中成绩优异获金牌. * His performance in the test was not good enough. 他在测验中做的不够好. (b) [U] ability to move quickly, operate efficiently, etc （良好的）性能, 工作情况: * The customer was impressed by the machine's performance. 客户对机器的良好性能很满意. * Performance is less important than reliability in a car. 汽车的可靠性比其机械性能更重要. 4 [C] (infml 口) (a) ridiculous or disgraceful behaviour （可笑的或丢脸的）行为, 举动: * What a performance the child made! 那孩子真丢人! (b) (esp unnecessary) fuss or trouble （尤指不必要的）忙乱, 麻烦: * He goes through the whole performance of checking the oil and water every time he drives the car. 他每次开汽车都总是不厌其烦地把油和水整个检查一遍.

perfume
[5pE:fju:m; - also pEr'fju:m; 5pEfjum,pl'fjum] n [C, U] 1 fragrant or pleasant smell 香味;芳香: * the perfume of the flowers 花的香味 * flowery perfumes 花的香味. 2 (any of several types of) sweet-smelling liquid, often made from flowers, used esp on the body 香水: * sell perfumes and toilet-waters 经售各种香水和化妆水 * French perfume 法国香水. 派生： perfume/pE'fju:m; pl'fjum] v [Tn] 1 (of flowers, etc) give a fragrant smell to (sth) （指花等）使（某物）带香味: * The roses perfumed the room. 玫瑰花熏得室内一片香. 2 put perfume on (sb/sth) 向（某人[某物]） 香水: * perfume a handkerchief 往手绢上 香水. perfumer/pE'fju:mE(r); pl'fjuml] (also perfumier/ pE5fju:mIeI; pL`fjumIe/) n person who makes and/or sells perfume 香水制造商; 售香水者. perfumery/pE'fju:mEri; pl'fjumEri] n 1 [C] place where perfumes are made or sold 香水制造厂; 香水商店. 2 [U] process of making perfume 香水的制造.

perfunctory
[pE'fQNktEri; pl'fQNktEri] adj (fml 文)(a) (of an action) done as a duty or routine, without care or interest （指行为）敷衍的, 马虎的, 例行的: * a perfunctory examination, greeting, salute 例行的考试、 问候、 致意. (b) (of a person) doing things in this way （指人）做事敷衍塞责的. > perfunctorily[-trEli; -tErEli] adv: * check the luggage perfunctorily 对行李作例行的检查. perfunctoriness n [U].

pergola
[5pE:gElE; 5pEgElE] n structure of posts for climbing plants, forming an arbour or a covered walk in a garden （花园中的）凉棚, 架.

perhaps
[pE'hps, also prps; pl'hAps, prAps] adv it may be (that); possibly 也许; 大概; 可能: * Perhaps the weather will change this evening. 今晚可能要变天. * Perhaps it will, perhaps it won't. 也许会, 也许不会. * It is, perhaps, the best known of his works. 大概那是他最着名的作品了. * Perhaps not/so, ie expressing half-heartedagreement with what a person says. 未必吧[也许如此]. * Perhaps you would be kind enough to..., ie a polite way of saying `Would you...?’ 是否可以请您....

peri-
pref 1 around 周围: periscope * periphrasis * perimeter. 2 near 近: perihelion * perigee.

perigee
[5peridVi:; 5perE7dVi] n point in the orbit of the moon, a planet or a spacecraft at which it is nearest to the earth 近地点（月球、 行星或航天器轨道上距地球最近的点）.

perihelion
[7peri5hi:liEn; 7peri5hiliEn] n (pl -lia[-liE;-liE] ) point in the orbit of a planet, comet, etc at which it is nearest to the sun 近日点（行星、 彗星等轨道上距太阳最近的点）.

peril
[5perEl; 5perEl] n 1 [U] serious danger (esp of death) 严重危险（尤指死亡的）: * in great, mortal, etc peril 在严重的、 致命的...危险中. 2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] dangerous thing or circumstance 危险的事物或环境: * face the perils of the ocean, ie storm, shipwreck, etc 面对海上的危险（风暴、 船只失事等） * These birds are able to survive the perils of the Arctic winter. 这些鸟能在北极的严冬中生存. 3 (idm 习语) at one's peril (used esp when advising sb not to do sth 尤用於劝某人不做某事) with a risk of harm to oneself 冒险: * The bicycle has no brakes you ride it at your peril. 这辆自行车没闸--你要骑可太危险了. * One ignores letters from the bank manager at one's peril. 忽视银行经理来函, 後果堪虑. in ,peril of one's `life in danger of death 冒生命危险. 派生： perilous[5perElEs; 5perElEs] adj full of risk; dangerous多险的; 危险的: * a perilous journey across the mountains 横越重山的艰险征途. perilously adv: * perilously hot, fast, steep, etc 热得、 快得、 陡得...易出危险 * They were perilously close to the edge of the precipice. 他们离悬崖边很近, 十分危险.

perimeter
[pE'rimitE(r); pE'rimEtl] n 1 (length of the) outer edge of a closed geometric shape 周; 周边; 边缘; 周长. 2 boundary of an area 周围的界限: * Guards patrolled the perimeter of the airfield. 卫兵沿机场四周巡逻. * [attrib 作定语] the perimeter fence 周围的篱笆. Cf 参看 circumference.

period
[5piEriEd; 5piriEd] n 1 length or portion of time 一段时间; 时期: * a period of three years 叁年的时间 * He has had several long periods of work abroad. 他在国外长期工作过几次. * a period of peace, recovery, uncertainty 和平、 恢复、 不稳定时期 * showers and sunny periods, eg in a weather forecast 阵雨间晴（如在天气预报所述） * The work must be completed within a two-month period. 工作须於两月内完成. * The incubation period (ie The delay between catching a disease and the symptoms appearing) is two weeks. 该疾病的潜伏期为两星期. 2 (a) portion of time in the life of a person, nation or civilization （人、 国家、 文明的）时期, 时代: * a painting belonging to the artist's early period 该画家早期的画 * the period of the French Revolution 法国大革命时期 * the post-war period 战後时期 * The house is 18th century and has furniture of the period, ie of the same century. 那房子是18世纪的, 而且还有那时代的家具. * The actors wore costumes of the period, ie of the time when the events of the play took place. 演员穿着剧中时代的服装. * [usu attrib 通常作定语] period dress, furniture, etc 某时代的服装、 家具等 * a period cottage, ie not modern 某时代的村舍. (b) (geology 地质) portion of time in the development of the earth's surface 纪: * the Jurassic period 侏罗纪. 3 (time allowed for a) lesson in school （学校的）课, 课时, 学时: * a teaching period of 45 minutes 45分钟的一堂课 * a free period 没课的一节 * three periods of geography a week 每周叁节地理课. 4 (a) monthly flow of blood from the womb of a woman; menstruation 月经: * have a period 来月经 * [attrib 作定语] period pains 月经痛. (b) time of this 月经期. 5 (esp US) (a) = full stop (full). (b) sign of punctuation (.) marking this in writing and print 句号. =>App 3 见附录3.

period1
(c) (periodic /// [7piEri5Cdik; 7piri5adik] adj occurring or appearing at (esp regular) intervals 定期的; 周期的: * periodic attacks of dizziness 眩晕的周期性发作 * a periodic review of expenditure 对支出的定期核查. 派生： periodical[-kl; -kl] n, adj (magazine or other publication) that is published at regular intervals, eg weekly or monthly 定期出版的; 期刊. periodically[-klI; -klI/ adv at (esp regular) intervals 定期地; 周期地. 复合： ,periodic `table (chemistry 化) arrangement of chemical elements according to their atomic weights 周期表. =>App 10 见附录10.

peripatetic
[7peripE'tetik; 7perEpE'tetik] adj 1 going from place to place 到处走的; 漫游的; 巡回的. 2 (Brit) (of teachers) employed at two or more schools and travelling between them （指教师）在多所学校兼课的: * Peripatetic music teachers visit the school regularly. 兼职音乐教师定期到校授课. > peripatetically[-kli; -kli] adv.

periphery
[pE'rifEri; pE'rifEri] n (fml 文) 1 (a) boundary of a surface or an area 外围; 边缘. (b) area near this on either side 外围或边缘的地方: * industrial development on the periphery (ie outskirts) of the town 郊区的工业发展. 2 (fig 比喻) (esp in social, political or intellectual life) position far away from the centre; the fringe （尤指社交、 政治或文化生活的）外围, 边缘: * The ideas are also expressed by minor poets on the periphery of the movement. 该运动外围一些不大出名的诗人也表达了这些观点. 3 (also pe,ripheral de`vice) (computing 计) device attached to a computer that transfers information into or out of the computer 外围设备: * display units, printers and other peripherals 显示装置、 打印机及其他外部设备. 派生： peripheral[-ErEl; -ErEl] adj 1 ~ (to sth) of secondary or minor importance (to sth) 次要的; 不重要的: * topics peripheral to the main theme 围绕中心议题的小题目. 2 of or on a periphery 外围的; 边缘的: * peripheral zones 边缘地带. peripherally[-ErEli; -ErEli] adv.

periphrasis
[pE'rifrEsis; pE'rifrEsis] n (pl -ases[-Esi:z; -E7siz] ) (fml 文) 1 (a) [U] roundabout way of expressing sth; circumlocution 折绕; 迂说法; 婉曲. (b) [C] roundabout expression in speaking or writing, eg `give expression to' instead of `express' 折绕语, 婉曲修辞（如用give expression to而不用express）. 2 (grammar) (a) [U] use of an auxiliary word or a syntactic pattern in place of an inflected form, eg `It does work' for `It works' or `the word of God' for `God's word' 迂说法（用助动词或句法形式而不用动词词尾变化形式, 如用It does work代替It works或用the word of God代替God's word）. (b) [C] example of this 迂说. 派生： periphrastic[7peri5frAstik; 7perE'frAstik] adj of, expressed in or using periphrasis 迂说法的; 用迂说法表达的. periphrastically[-kli; -kli] adv .

periscope
[5periskEup; 5perE7skop] n apparatus with mirrors and lenses arranged in a tube so that the user has a view of the surrounding area above, eg from a submarine when it is under water 潜望镜. 派生： periscopic[7peri5skCpik; 7perE'skapik] adj of or like a periscope （似）潜望镜的.

perish
[5periF; 5periF] v 1 [I] (fml 文) be destroyed; die 毁灭; 死亡: * Thousands of people perished in the earthquake. 那次地震死者数以千计. * We shall do it or perish in the attempt. 我们将拚死一试. 2 [I, Tn] (esp Brit) (cause sth to) rot; (cause rubber to) lose its elasticity （使某物）腐烂; （使橡胶）失去弹性, 老化: * The seal on the bottle has perished. 瓶子的封记已经腐烂. * If any oil gets on the car tyres, it will perish them. 汽车胎沾上油就会毁坏. 3 (idm 习语) ,perish the `thought (infml 口) may it never happen 但愿别这样: * The neighbours' children want to learn to play the trumpet, perish the thought! 邻居的孩子想学吹小号, 但愿他们别学! 派生： perishable adj (esp of food) likely to decay or go bad quickly （尤指食物）易腐的, 易坏的: Perishable food should be stored in a refrigerator. 易腐的食物应储存在冰箱里. perishables n [pl] goods (esp food) which go bad or decay quickly, such as fish or soft fruit 易腐物品（尤指食物, 如鱼或浆果）: Perishables need to be consumed as quickly as possible. 易腐烂的食物要尽快吃掉. perished adj [pred 作表语] (esp Brit) in extreme discomfort through cold, etc （因寒冷等）极不适, 极难受: We were perished with cold and hunger. 我们饥寒交迫. * The children were perished when they arrived home. 孩子们到家时难受已极. perisher n (dated Brit sl 旧, 俚) annoying person, esp a child 讨厌鬼（尤指孩子）: Wait till I catch the little perisher! 等着, 瞧我逮住那小淘气! perishing adj (esp Brit) 1 extremely cold 极冷的: I'm perishing! 我冷得要命! * It's perishing out there. 外面冷极了. * a period of perishing cold 极冷的一段时间. 2 (dated sl 旧, 俚) (used to express annoyance 用以表示恼怒) damned, etc 讨厌的; 该死的: I can't get in I've lost the perishing key! 我进不去--我把该死的钥匙丢了! perishing (also perishingly) adv (sl 俚 esp Brit) (used to emphasize sth bad 用以强调坏事) very 极; 很: It's perishing/perishingly cold out there. 外面冷极了.

perish1
* He's too perishing mean to pay his share. 他小气极了, 连自己的那份钱也不付.

peristyle
[5peristail; 5perE7stail] n (architecture 建) (a) row of columns around a temple, courtyard, etc （殿堂、庭院等的）周柱廊: * the imposing peristyle of the Parthenon帕台农神庙雄伟的柱廊. (b) area enclosed by this 周柱中庭.

peritonitis
[7peritE'naitis; 7perEtE'naitis] n [U] (medical医) painful inflammation of the membrane that covers the inside wall of the abdomen 腹膜炎.

periwinkle
1[5periwiNkl; 5perE7wiNkl] n any of several types of evergreen plant with trailing stems and blue or white flowers 蔓长春花: * [attrib 作定语] periwinkle blue 蔓长春花的蓝色.

perjure
[5pE:dVE(r); 5pEdVl] v [Tn] ~ oneself (law 律) tell a lie (esp in a court of law) after one has sworn an oath to tell the truth 发假誓, 作伪证（尤指在法庭上）: * Several witnesses at the trial were clearly prepared to perjure themselves in order to protect the accused. 在审判时几个证人显然已准备好为袒护被告而作伪证. 派生： perjurer[5pE:dVErE(r); 5pEdVErl] n (law 律) person who has perjured himself 发假誓者; 作伪证者. perjury[5pE:dVEri; 5pEdVEri] n (law 律) (a) [U] action of perjuring oneself 发假誓; 作伪证: * They tried to persuade her to commit perjury. 他们竭力说服她出庭作伪证. (b) [C] lie told after swearing to tell the truth, esp in a court of law 假誓, 伪证（尤指在法庭上的）.

perk
1[pE:k; pEk] v (phr v) perk up (infml 口) become more cheerful, lively or vigorous, esp after illness or depression 愉快、 活跃或振作起来（尤指病後或曾消沉）: * He looked depressed but perked up when his friends arrived. 他看上去无精打彩的, 但朋友一来就精神起来了. perk sb/sth up (infml 口) (a) make sb feel more cheerful or lively 使某人快活或活泼起来: * A holiday would perk you up. 一放假你就快活了. (b) make sb look smarter 打扮某人: * He had perked himself up for the occasion. 他为此事打扮了一番. (c) make (an outfit, aroom, a garden, etc) look smarter, better, more vigorous,etc 使（服装、 房间、 花园等）美观、 精神: * perk up the plants with a good watering 给花草浇足水使之精神 * You need a bright red scarf to perk up that grey suit. 你围上一条大红围巾能显得那套灰西装更漂亮. 3 lift up (one's head or ears) 昂起（头）; 竖起（耳朵）: * The horse perked up its head when I shouted. 我吆喝时那马扬起了头. 派生： perky adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) 1 full of energy; lively 精力充沛的; 活跃的: He's still in hospital, but he seems quite perky. 他虽然还住着院, 可是看上去倒挺精神. 2 (too) full of self-confidence; cheeky （太）自信的; 厚脸皮的: That child is a bit too perky! 那孩子有点太放肆了! perkily[-ili; -Eli] adv. perkiness n [U].

perm
[pE:m; pEm] n 1 (infml 口) = permanent wave (permanent). 2 (infml 口) = permutation 1. 派生： perm v [Tn] 1 give (sb's hair) a permanent wave 烫（发）: Her hair has been permed. 她的头发烫过了. 2 make a permutation of (numbers) in a football pool （足球普尔赌博中）选定（数字组合）.

permafrost
[5pE:mEfrCst; - -frC:st; 5pEmE7frCst] n [U] subsoil that is permanently frozen, eg in polar regions 永冻土, 永冻层（如在极地的）.

permanence
[5pE:mEnEns; 5pEmEnEns] n [U] state of continuing or remaining for a long time 永久; 永恒; 恒久: * Nothing threatens the permanence of the system. 该体系的永恒性不受任何事物的影响. 派生： permanency[-nEnsi; -nEnsi] n (fml 文) 1 [U] = permanence. 2 [C] permanent thing (esp a job) 永久性的事物（尤指工作）: * Is the new post a permanency? 这一新职位是长期的吗?

permanent
[5pE:mEnEnt; 5pEmEnEnt] adj (a) lasting or expected to last for a long time or for ever 永久的; 永恒的; 长久的; 长期的: * She is looking for permanent employment. 她正在找固定的工作. * The injury left him with a permanent limp. 他受伤後就一直瘸了. (b) not likely to change 不大可能改变的: * my permanent address 我的固定地址. Cf 参看 impermanent, temporary. > permanently adv. 复合： ,permanent `wave (fml 文) (abbr 缩写 perm) (US permanent) method of styling the hair in which it is treated with chemicals and set in waves or curls that last for several months （化学）烫发. ,permanent `way (Brit) railway track, ballast and sleepers on which the track is laid 铁路钢轨; 铁路路基.

permanganate
[pE'mNgEneit; pE'mANgE7net] (alsopo,tassium per`manganate, per,manganate of `potash) n [U] dark purple salt of an acid containing manganese, used as a disinfectant and antiseptic when dissolved in water 高锰酸钾.

permeate
[5pE:mieit; 5pEmi7et] v [Ipr, Tn] ~ (through) sth (fml 文) enter sth and spread to every part 弥漫; 散布; 充满; 遍布: * Water has permeated (through) the soil. 水已渗遍那片土壤. * The smell of cooking permeates (through) the flat. 整套房间都弥漫着做菜的气味. * (fig 比喻) A mood of defeat permeated the whole army. 失败的情绪感染了全军. 派生： permeable[5pE:miEbl; 5pEmiEbl] adj (fml 文) that can be permeated by fluids or gas; porous 可渗入的; 可渗透的. Cf 参看 impermeable. permeability[7pE:miE'bilEti; 7pEmiE'bilEti] n [U]. permeation[7pE:mi'eiFn; 7pEmi'eFEn] n [U] (fml 文) permeating or being permeated 弥漫; 散布; 充满; 遍布.

permissible
[pE'misEbl; pl'misEbl] adj (fml 文) that is or may be allowed 容许的; 可准许的: * Delay is not permissible, even for a single day. 不得延误, 即使一日亦不可. * driving with more than the permissible level of alcohol in the blood 在血液中酒精含量超过许可标准的情况下开车. > permissibly[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv.

permission
[pE'miFn; pl'miFEn] n [U] ~ (to do sth) act of allowing sb to do sth; consent 许可; 准许; 允许; 同意: * You have my permission to leave. 我准你离开. * She refused to give her permission. 她拒不同意. * They entered the area without permission. 他们未经许可擅入该地. * with your (kind) permission, ie if you will allow me 如蒙俯允.

permissive
[pE'misiv; pl'misiv] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (often derog 常作贬义) (a) allowing great freedomof behaviour, esp to children or in sexual matters 纵容的, 放任的（尤指对儿童或性关系）: * a permissive upbringing 放任的教养 * permissive parents 纵容子女的父母. (b) showing this freedom 显示纵容或放任的（尤指对儿童或性关系）: * permissive attitudes, behaviour 放任的态度、 行为 * the permissive society, ie the one resulting from social changes that began in the 1960s, with eg greater freedom of sexual behaviour, lessening of censorship, etc 放任的社会（60年代社会变化的产物, 如性解放、 放宽审查尺度等）. 派生： permissively adv: children who have been brought up permissively 娇生惯养的儿童. permissiveness n [U] being permissive in outlook or behaviour （看法或行为的）纵容, 放任.

permit
[pE'mit; pl'mit] v (-tt-) (fml 文) 1 [Tn, Tg, Dn.n, Dn.t] give permission for (sth); allow 允许, 许可, 容许（某事物）: * Dogs are not permitted in the building. 不得携狗进入楼内. * We do not permit smoking in the office. 在我们的办公室里不准吸烟. * The prisoners were permitted two hours' exercise a day. 允许犯人每天有两小时户外活动. * Permit me to explain. 容我解释一下. * The council will not permit you to build here. 委员会不会允许你们在这一带搞建 . 2 [I, Tn, Cn.t] make (sth) possible 使（某事物）有可能性: * I'll come tomorrow, weather permitting, ie if the weather doesn't prevent me. 要是天气许可, 我明天一定来. * The new road system permits the free flow of traffic at all times. 新的道路系统可使车辆在任何时候都畅通无阻. * The windows permit light and air to enter. 这些窗户采光及通风性能良好. 3[Ipr no passive 不用於被动语态] (esp in negative sentences尤用於否定句) ~ of sth admit sth as possible; tolerate 认可; 容忍: * The situation does not permit of any delay. 情势刻不容缓. 派生： permit[5pE:mit; 5pEmit] n official document that gives sb the right to do sth, esp to go somewhere 许可证; （尤指）通行证: * You cannot enter a military base without a permit. 无通行证者不得擅入军事基地.

permutation
[7pE:mju:'teiFn; 7pEmjE'teFEn] n (fml 文) 1 (esp mathematics 尤用於数学) (a) [U] variation in the order of a set of things 排列; 置换. (b) [C] any one of these arrangements 一组排列: * The permutations of x, y and z are xyz, xzy, yxz, yzx, zxy, zyx. x、 y、 z的排列是xyz、 xzy、 yxz、 yzx、 zxy、 zyx. 2 (infml 口语作 perm) (Brit) (esp in football pools) selection of items from a group, to be arranged in a number of combinations （尤指足球普尔赌博中的）选定组合.

permute
[pE'mju:t; pl'mjut] v [Tn] vary the order or arrangement of (sth) 改变（某事物）的次序或排列.

pernicious
[pE'niFEs; pl'niFEs] adj (fml 文) ~ (to sb/sth) having a very harmful or destructive effect (on sb/sth) 有害的; 恶性的; 破坏性的: * a pernicious influence on society 对社会有害的影响 * a pernicious campaign to blacken his character 旨在诋毁他的人格的恶意宣传活动 * Pollution of the water supply reached a level pernicious to the health of the population. 水源污染已达到危及居民健康的程度. > perniciously adv. perniciousness n [U]. 复合： per,nicious a`naemia (medical 医) severe form of anaemia that is sometimes fatal 恶性贫血.

pernickety
[pE'nikEti; pl'nikiti] adj (infml often derog 口, 常作贬义) worrying too much about details or unimportant things; fussy 吹毛求疵的; 爱挑剔的.

peroration
[7perE'reiFn; 7pero'reFEn] n (fml 文) 1 last part of a speech; summing up （演讲的）结尾, 总结, 结论. 2 (often derog 常作贬义) lengthy speech 冗长的演说: * We had to listen to a peroration on the evils of drink! 我们得听一个关於酗酒害处的冗长报告!

peroxide
[pE'rCksaid; pE'raksaid] n [U] 1 any of several compounds of oxygen with another element, containing the maximum proportion of oxygen 过氧化物. 2 (also ,hydrogen pe`roxide, pe,roxide of `hydrogen) colourless liquid used as an antiseptic and to bleach hair 过氧化氢: * [attrib 作定语] a peroxide blonde, ie a woman with hair that has been bleached with peroxide 假金发女子（头发经漂染处理的）. 派生： peroxide v [Tn] bleach (hair) with hydrogen peroxide 用过氧化氢漂白（头发）: peroxided curls 漂白过的鬈发.

perpendicular
[7pE:pEn'dikjulE(r); 7pEpEn'dikjEll] adj 1 ~ (to sth) at an angle of 90 (to another line or surface) 成直角的; 垂直的: * a line drawn perpendicular to another 向一线引一垂线. 2 at a right angle to the horizontal; upright 竖立的; 直立的: * the perpendicular marble columns of a Greek temple 希腊庙宇直立的大理石柱. 3 (of a cliff, rock-face, etc) rising very steeply （指悬崖、 石壁等）陡峭的, 壁立的: * The valley ended in a perpendicular rim of granite. 那山谷的尽头是花岗石的断崖. 4 (also Perpendicular) (architecture 建) of the style of English Gothic architecture in the 14th and 15th centuries, characterized by the use of vertical lines in its decoration 垂直式的（14-15世纪英国哥特式建 风格的）. 派生： perpendicular n 1 [C] perpendicular line 垂直线. 2 (also the perpendicular) [U] perpendicular position or direction 垂直; 垂直方向: The wall is a little out of (the) perpendicular. 那墙有点倾斜. perpendicularity[7pE:pEn7dikju'lArEti; 7pEpEn7dikjE'lArEti] n [U]. perpendicularly adv.

perpetrate
[5pE:pitreit; 5pEpE7tret] v [Tn] (fml or joc 文或谑) (a) commit (a crime, etc) 犯（罪等）: * perpetrate a dreadful outrage 犯下暴行. (b) be guilty of (a blunder, an error, etc) 做（错事）; 犯（过失）: * Who perpetrated that dreadful extension to the front of the building? 谁在那楼房正面加盖了那麽一截讨厌的建 物? 派生： perpetration[7pE:pi'treiFn; 7pEpE'treFEn] n [U]. perpetrator n person who commits a crime or does sth considered outrageous 犯罪者; 作恶者; 犯过者: the perpetrator of a hoax 诈骗犯.

perpetual
[pE'petFuEl; pl'petFuEl] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] 1 continuing indefinitely; permanent 永久的; 永 的: * the perpetual snow of the Arctic 北极终年不化的积雪. 2 without interruption; continuous 不间断的; 持续的: * the perpetual noise of traffic 不绝於耳的交通噪音. 3 (infml 口) frequently repeated; continual 反覆的; 不断的: * He was irritated by their perpetual complaints. 他们一再发牢骚把他惹火了. > perpetually[-tFuEli; -tFuEli] adv. 复合： per,petual `motion [U] movement (eg of an imagined machine) that would continue for ever without getting power from an outside source 永动（不需外加能量永久运转, 如假想的机器）.

perpetuate
[pE'petFueit; pl'petFu7et] v [Tn] cause (sth) to continue 使（某事物）永久、 永存或持续: * These measures will perpetuate the hostility between the two groups. 采取这些措施势必使那两集团永远对立. * They decided to perpetuate the memory of their leader by erecting a statue. 他们为永远纪念那位领袖决定建一座雕像. > perpetuation/pE7petFu'eiFn; pl7petFu'eFEn] n [U].

perpetuity
[7pE:pi'tju:Eti; - -'tu:-; 7pEpE'tuEti] n(idm 习语) in perpetuity (fml 文) for ever; permanently永久; 永 ; 永远: * The site of the memorial is granted in perpetuity to Canada. 纪念馆址已选定在加拿大作为永久的纪念.

perplex
[pE'pleks; pl'pleks] v [Tn] make (sb) feel puzzled or confused; bewilder 使（某人）困惑、 糊涂或迷惑: * The question perplexed me. 那问题把我难住了. * We were perplexed by his failure to answer the letter. 他何以不覆信, 我们大惑不解. * The whole affair is very perplexing. 整件事令人感到莫名其妙. 派生： perplexed adj puzzled or confused 困惑的; 糊涂的: The audience looked perplexed. 听众看样子都没听懂. * She had to explain her behaviour to her perplexed supporters. 她要向那些不明所以的拥护者解释自己的那种行为. * He gave her a perplexed look. 他茫然地看了她一眼. perplexedly[-idli; -idli] adv: * `What is this?’ he asked perplexedly. ‘这是什麽?’他困惑地问道. perplexity[-Eti; -Eti] n [U] 1 state of being perplexed; bewilderment 困惑; 混乱: * She looked at us in perplexity. 她茫然地望着我们. 2 state of being complicated or difficult 复杂; 困难: * a problem of such perplexity that it was impossible to solve 复杂得无法解决的问题.

perquisite
[5pE:kwizit; 5pEkwEzit] n (esp pl 尤作复数) (fml 文) 1 (infml 口语作 perk) money or goods given or regarded as a right in addition to one's pay （工资以外的）财物补贴, 额外收入, 津贴, 奖金, 小费: * Perquisites include the use of the company car. 福利包括可以使用公司的汽车. 2 special advantage or right enjoyed as a result of one's position （随职位而得到的）好处, 利益, 便利, 特权, 优待: * Politics in Britain used to be the perquisite of the property-owning classes. 英国的政治以往是有产阶级的特权.

perry
[5peri; 5peri] n (a) [U] drink made from the fermented juice of pears 梨酒. (b) [C] glass of this 一杯梨酒. Cf 参看 cider.

persecute
[5pE:sikju:t; 5pEsi7kjut] v 1 [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: * Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth) treat sb cruelly, esp because of his race, his political or religious beliefs, etc 迫害某人（尤指基於种族、 政治或宗教信仰等原因）: * Throughout history religious minorities have been persecuted (for their beliefs). 纵观历史, 宗教上的少数派始终（因其信仰关系）受迫害. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (with sth) allow no peace to sb; hound sb 烦扰、 困扰或骚扰某人: * Once the affair became public, he was persecuted by the press. 事情公开後, 他便受到新闻界的纠缠. 派生： persecution[7pE:si'kju:Fn; 7pEsi'kjuFEn] n (a) [U] persecuting or being persecuted 迫害; 烦扰; 困扰; 骚扰: * his persecution of his political opponents 他对政治反对派的迫害 * They suffered persecution for their beliefs. 他们因信仰问题受到迫害. (b) [C] instance of this 迫害; 烦扰; 困扰; 骚扰: * He is writing a history of the persecutions endured by his race. 他在写一部关於其种族所受迫害的历史书. perse`cution complex (also perse`cution mania) (psychology 心) insane belief that one is being persecuted 受迫害妄想狂. persecutor n person who persecutes others 迫害者: His persecutors were severely punished. 迫害他的人受到了严厉的惩处.

persevere
[7pE:si'viE(r); 7pEsE'vir] v [I, Ipr] ~ (at/in/ with sth); ~ (with sb) (usu approv 通常作褒义) continue trying to do sth, esp in spite of difficulty 坚持做某事（尤指不畏困难）: You'll need to persevere if you want the business to succeed. 要想事业成功, 就得持之以 . * She persevered in her efforts to win the championship.她为赢得冠军而不断努力. * It's difficult, but I'm going to persevere with it. 难是难, 但我一定坚持到底. * He was hopeless at French, but his teacher persevered with him. 他怎麽也学不会法语, 可是老师仍锲而不舍地帮助他. 派生： perseverance[7pE:si'viErEns; 7pEsE'virEns] n [U] continued steady effort to achieve an aim; steadfastness 坚持不懈; 不屈不挠: * After months of disappointment, his perseverance was finally rewarded. 数月来他经历挫折而不断努力, 终於有了收获. * perseverance in the face of extreme hardship 面对极端困苦而百折不挠. persevering[7pE:si'viEriN; 7pEsE'viriN] adj showing perseverance 坚持的; 不屈不挠的: * [attrib 作定语] persevering efforts 坚持不懈的努力 * A few persevering climbers finally reached the top. 少数几个攀登者坚忍不拔, 终於登上了顶峰. perseveringly adv.

Persian
[5pE:Fn; - 'pE:rVn; 5pEVEn] adj of Persia (now called Iran), its people or its language 波斯（现称伊朗）的; 波斯人的; 波斯语的. 派生： Persian n 1 [C] inhabitant of Persia 波斯人. 2 [U] language of Persia 波斯语. 复合： ,Persian `carpet (also ,Persian `rug) carpet of traditional design from the Near East, handmade from silk or wool 波斯地毯. ,Persian `cat (also Persian) type of pure-bred cat with long silky hair 波斯猫. ,Persian `lamb silky curled fur, usu black, of a type of Asian lamb, used for coats; astrakhan 波斯羔羊皮（通常为黑色）.

persiflage
[5pE:sifla:V; 5pEsi7flaV] n [U] (fml 文) light good-humoured teasing; banter 戏谑; 打趣; 玩笑.

persimmon
[pE'simEn; pl'simEn] n 1 large orange-red plum-like edible fruit 柿子. 2 any of several types of tropical tree on which this grows 柿子树.

persist
[pE'sist; pl'sist] v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (in sth/in doing sth) continue to do sth, esp in an obstinate and determined way and in spite of opposition, argument or failure 坚持; 执意: * If you persist, you will annoy them even more. 你若固执, 他们就更恼火了. * He will persist in riding that dreadful bicycle. 他执意要骑那辆破自行车. * She persists in the belief/in believing that she is being persecuted. 她认定自己受到了迫害. 2 [Ipr] ~ with sth continue doing sth in spite of difficulties 不畏困难继续做某事: * They persisted with the agricultural reforms, despite opposition from the farmers. 他们不顾农民反对, 仍继续进行农业改革. 3 [I] continue to exist 持续; 存留: * Fog will persist throughout the night. 雾将整夜不散. * Loyalty to the former king still persists in parts of the country. 该国一些地方仍有人忠於前国王. 派生： persistence[-Ens; -Ens] n [U] (a) being persistent坚持不懈; 执意; 持续; 存留: * His persistence was rewardedwhen they finally agreed to resume discussions. 他们终於同意继续谈判, 这是他坚持不懈的结果. (b) continuing existence 继续存在: * The doctor couldn't explain the persistence of the high temperature. 医生无法解释高烧何以持久不退. persistent[-Ent; -Ent] adj 1 refusing to give up 坚持的; 不屈不挠的: * She eventually married the most persistentof her admirers. 她终於嫁给了最执着追求她的人. 2 (a) continuing without interruption 持续不断的; 不间断的: * [attrib 作定语] persistent noise, rain, pain 持续的噪音、 雨水、 疼痛 * persistent questioning 无休止的讯问. (b) occurring frequently 反覆出现的; 一再发生的: * [attrib 作定语] persistent attacks of coughing 咳嗽的频繁发作 * Despite persistent denials, the rumour continued tospread. 尽管一再否认, 谣言还是不胫而走. persistentlyadv.

person
[5pE:sn; 5pEsn] n (pl 复数作 people[5pi:pl; 5pipl] or, in formal or derogatory use, 作郑重或贬抑用词时复数作 persons). =>Usage at people 用法见people. 1human being as an individual with distinct characteristics（有某种个性或特性的）人: * He's just the person we need for the job. 他正是我们需要的做那种工作的人. * Hereshe is the very person we were talking about! 就是她--我们刚刚谈到的那个人. * I had a letter from the people who used to own the corner shop. 我收到从前街角那家商店的老板寄来的一封信. 2 (fml or derog 文或贬) (esp known or unspecified) human being （尤指已知的或非特指的）人: * A certain person (ie somebody that I do not wish to name) told me everything. 有个人把一切都告诉我了. * Any person found leaving litter will be prosecuted. 禁扔垃圾, 违者必究. * (law 律) accused of conspiring with person or persons unknown, eg said when charging sb in court 被控与人合谋（如於法庭控告某人所说）. 3 (grammar) any of the three classes of personalpronouns, the first person `I/we' referring to the person(s) speaking, the second person `you' referring to the person(s) spoken to, and the third person `he, she, it, they' referring to the person(s) or thing(s) spoken about 人称（第一人称I/we指谈话者, 第二人称you指谈话的对象, 第叁人称he、 she、 it、 they指谈及的人或事物）. 4 (idm 习语) about/on one's `person carried about with one, eg in one's pocket 带在身上（如在口袋里）: * A gun was found on his person. 从他身上搜出一枝枪. be no/not be any respecter of persons => respecter (respect2). in `person physically present 亲身; 亲自; 本人: * The winner will be there in person to collect the prize. 奖金需获奖者本人领取. * You may apply for tickets in person or by letter. 需票者可亲自来申请亦可来信索取. in the person of sb (fml 文) in the form or shape of sb 即某人; 乃某人; 其人:

person1
* Help arrived in the person of his father. 前来帮忙的是他的父亲. * The firm has an important asset in the person of the director of research. 公司有一巨大财富, 就是研究部主任这个人. 复合： ,person-to-`person call n (esp US) telephone call made via the operator to a particular person and paid for from the time that person answers the phone 叫人电话（经接线员接通, 至指定受话人答话时起计费）.

persona
[pE'sEunE; pl'sonE] n (pl -nae[-ni:; -ni] ) (psychology 心) character of a person as presented to others or as others perceive it 面具人格; 伪装人格. 复合： per,sona `grata[5gra:tE; 5gratE] (Latin 拉) person who is acceptable to others, esp a diplomat acceptable to a foreign government 受欢迎的人（尤指受驻在国政府欢迎的外交官）. ,persona non `grata/nCn 'gra:tE; 7nan'gratE] (Latin 拉) person who is not acceptable to others, esp to a foreign government 不受欢迎的人（尤指不受外国政府欢迎的）: * He was declared persona non grata and forced to leave the country. 他被宣布为不受欢迎的人而被迫离开该国. * (joc 谑) He forgot to buy more coffee yesterday, so he was persona non grata at breakfast this morning! 他因昨日忘了多买些咖啡, 今晨早餐上遂成为家中众矢之的.

personable
[5pE:sEnEbl; 5pEsnEbl] adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] having a pleasant appearance or manner 英俊的; 有风度的: * The salesman was a very personable young man. 推销员是个风度翩翩的年轻人. > personably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv.

personage
[5pE:sEnidV; 5pEsnidV] n person, esp an important or distinguished one 人; （尤指）要人, 名人:Political and royal personages from many countries attended the funeral. 许多国家的政界要人和皇族人士参加了葬礼.

personal
[5pE:sEnl; 5pEsnl] adj 1 [attrib 作定语] of or belonging to a particular person rather than a group or an organization 个人的: * one's personal affairs, beliefs 私事、 个人信仰 * a car for your personal use only 仅供你个人用的汽车 * She made a personal donation to the fund. 她以个人名义向基金会捐款. * give sth the personal touch, ie make it individual or original 使某事物带有个人色彩. 2 not of one's public or professional life; private 私人的: * a letter marked `Personal' 注明‘亲收’字样的信件 * Please leave us alone we have something personal to discuss. 请让我们单独在一起--我们有点私事要谈. * His personal life is a mystery to his colleagues. 他的同事认为他的私生活是个谜. 3 [attrib 作定语] done or made by a particular person 本人所做的: * The Prime Minister made a personal appearance at the meeting. 首相亲临会议. * I shall give the matter my personal attention. 我将亲自过问此事. 4 [attrib 作定语] done or made for a particular person 为某个人所做的: * We offer a personal service to our customers. 我们为 顾客提供个人服务. * Will you do it for me as a personalfavour? 请你帮我个人一个忙行吗? * a personal account,ie a bank or building society account in a person's name （银行或房屋建 协会的）个人帐户. 5 critical of a person's faults 人身攻击: * The argument was becoming too personal. 那场争论已演变成过分的人身攻击了. * Try to avoid making personal comments. 尽量避免人身攻击. 6 [attrib 作定语] of the body 人身的; 身体的: * personal cleanliness, freshness, hygiene, etc 身体的清洁卫生、 活力、 卫生等. 派生： personally[-EnEli; -nli] adv 1 not represented by another; in person 亲身; 亲自: * She presented the prizes personally. 她亲自颁奖. * The plans were personally inspected by the minister. 这计画经部长亲自审阅过.

personal1
2 as a person 作为个人; 就个人而论: * I don't know him personally, but I've read his books. 我对他个人并不了解, 但我看过他的书. 3 (often at the beginning of a statement, followed by a comma 常用於一句话的开始, 後有逗号) as far as I am concerned; for myself 就我来说; 就自己而言: * Personally, I don't like him at all. 就我而言, 我一点都不喜欢他. * Personally speaking/Speakingpersonally, I'm in favour of the scheme. 就本人而言, 我赞成这个计画. =>Usage at hopeful 用法见hopeful. 4 (idm 习语) take sth `personally be offended by sth为某事所触怒: * I'm afraid he took your remarks personally.我看他对你的话很不高兴. 复合： ,personal as`sistant (abbr 缩写 PA) secretary who assists an official or a manager 私人秘书; 私人助理. `personal column column in a newspaper or some other periodical for private messages or short advertisements 个人启事栏; 私人广告栏. ,personal `pronoun (grammar) any of the pronouns 人称代词 I, me, she, her, he, him, we, us, you, they, them, etc. ,personal `property (also ,personal e`state) (law 律) property owned by a person, except land or income from land, that passes to his heir 动产. Cf 参看 real estate (real1).

personality
[7pE:sE'nAlEti; 7pEsn'AlEti] n 1 [C] characteristics and qualities of a person seen as a whole 人格; 个性: * a likeable personality 讨人喜欢的个性 * She has a very strong personality. 她个性很强. * influences which affect the development of a child's personality 影响儿童性格发展的因素. 2 [U, C] distinctive, esp socially attractive, qualities 特色（尤指社交上有吸引力的素质）: * We need someone with lots of personality to organize the party. 我们需要有个人见人爱的人来组织聚会. * His wife was very beautiful, but seemed to have no personality. 他的妻子很漂亮, 但似乎没有什麽特点. 3 [C] famous person, esp in the world of entertainment or sport 名人（尤指娱乐界或体育界的）: * personalities from the film world 影界名流 * a television personality 电视圈中的名人 * one of the best-known personalities in the world of tennis 网球界最着名的人物之一. 4 personalities [pl] critical or impolite remarks about a person 人身攻击; 诽谤: * indulge in personalities, ie make such remarks 一味进行人身攻击 * Let's keep personalities out of it, ie avoid criticizing individual people. 咱们不要进行人身攻击. 复合： perso`nality cult (often derog 常作贬义) excessive admiration of a famous person, esp a political leader （对名人的）个人崇拜（尤指对政治领袖的）.

personalize, personalise
[5pE:sEnElaiz; 5pEsnl7aiz] v 1 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] mark (sth) in order to show that it belongs to a person, esp by putting his address or initials on it 在某物上作物主标志（尤指标示物主的地址或姓名的首字母）: * handkerchiefs personalized with her initials 有她的姓名首字母的手帕 * [attrib 作定语] a personalized number-plate, ie one on a car, with personally selected letters 有个人选择字母标记的汽车号码牌. 2 [Tn] cause (sth) to become concerned with personal matters or feelings 使（某事物）针对个人、 带有个人感情或个人化: * We don't want to personalize the issue. 我们不想把问题搞得个人化了.

personify
[pE'sCnifai; pl'sanE7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn] 1 (a) treat (sth) as if it were a human being 将（某事物）人格化、 拟人化: * The sun and the moon are often personified in poetry. 诗歌中常把日、 月拟人化. (b) represent (an idea, a quality, etc) in human form; symbolize 以人的形象表现（思想、 品质等）; 象徵: * Justice is often personified as a blindfolded woman holding a pair of scales. 常把蒙着眼睛手持天平的女人当作正义的象徵. 2 be an example in human form of a quality or characteristic, esp one possessed to an extreme degree 为某品质或特点的化身（尤指极典型的）: * He personifies the worship of money. 他是拜金的化身. * He is kindness personified. 他是善良的化身. 派生： personification/pE7sCnifi'keiFn; pl7sanEfE'keFEn] n 1 (a) [U] treating sth that is without life as a human being or representing it in human form 人格化; 拟人化; 象徵; 化身: * The personification of evil as a devil is a feature of medieval painting. 用魔鬼象徵罪恶是中世纪绘画的特色. (b) [C] instance of this 人格化; 拟人化; 象徵; 化身. 2 [C usu sing 通常作单数] ~ of sth person who possesses a quality or characteristic to an extreme degree 极具某品质或特点的人; 典型: * He looked the personification of misery. 他那副样子可谓是苦难的典型. * She was the personification of elegance. 她是文雅的典范.

personnel
[7pE:sE'nel; 7pEsn'el] n 1 [pl v] people employed in one of the armed forces, a firm or a public office; staff 人员; 职员: * trained personnel 培训过的职员 * Army personnel are not allowed to leave the base. 军事人员不准离开基地. * Airline personnel can purchase flight tickets at reduced prices. 航空公司的职员可以优惠价购买飞机票. * [attrib 作定语] a personnel carrier, ie a ship or an aeroplane that carries troops 运兵的船（或飞机）. 2 [Gp] (also person`nel department) department in a firm which deals with employees, esp with their appointment and welfare 人事部门: * Personnel is/are organizing the training of the new members of staff. 人事部门正在组织新雇员的培训. * [attrib 作定语] person`nel manager/officer 人事部主任[负责人].

perspective
[pE'spektiv; pl'spektiv] n 1 (a) [U] art of drawing solid objects on a flat surface so as to give the right impression of their height, width, depth and position in relation to each other 透视法: * She drew a row of trees receding into the distance to demonstrate the laws of perspective. 她画了一排由近而远高度递减的树以演示透视法的规律. * [attrib 作定语] a perspective drawing 一幅透视画. (b) [C] drawing made this way 透视图. =>illus 见插图. 2 [C] view, esp one stretching into the distance 远景, 景（尤指由近而远的）: * get a perspective of the whole valley 取整个山谷的远景 * (fig 比喻) a personal perspective of the nation's history 国家历史之我见. 3 (idm 习语) in/out of perspective (a) showing the correct/incorrect relationship between visible objects 可见物体的位置或比例正确[不正确]; 按照[不按照]透视法: * draw the buildings in perspective 按比例画某建 物 * That tree on the left of the picture is out of perspective. 画中左边那棵树不合比例. (b) [U] ina way that does not exaggerate any aspect/that exaggerates some aspects 不夸大[夸大]; 恰当[不恰当]: * He sees things in their right perspective. 他观察事物很正确. * view/put/see sth in (its true/its proper) perspective 从实际的[恰当的]角度观察[处置/看待]某事物 * see the events in their historical perspective 用历史的观点看待这些事件 * get things badly out of perspective 处事极为失当.

Perspex
[5pE:speks; 5pE7speks] n [U] (propr 专利名) strong transparent plastic material that is often used instead of glass because it does not splinter 有机玻璃（一种高强度透明塑料）.

perspicacious
[7pE:spi'keiFEs; 7pEspi'keFEs] adj (fml 文) having or showing great insight or judgement; discerning 有洞察力的; 判断力强的; 有识别力的: * a perspicacious analysis of the problem 对问题的精辟分析 * It was very perspicacious of you to find the cause of the trouble so quickly. 你真是明察秋毫, 问题的原因这麽快就找出来了. > perspicaciously adv. perspicacity/ 9p:spI5kAsEtI; 9p[spI`kAsEtI/ n [U].

perspicuous
[pE'spikjuEs; pl'spikjuEs] adj (fml 文) (a) expressed clearly 表达得清楚的. (b) (of a person) expressing things clearly; lucid （指人）有表达力的, 表达清楚的. > perspicuously adv. perspicuousness,perspicuity[-'kju:Eti; -'kjuEti] ns [U].

perspire
[pE'spaiE(r); pl'spair] v [I] (fml 文) give off moisture through the skin; sweat 出汗; 流汗: * perspiring profusely after a game of squash 壁球赛後大汗淋漓. 派生： perspiration[7pE:spE'reiFn; 7pEspE'reFEn] n [U] (a) moisture given off by the body; sweat 汗; 汗水: * drops of perspiration rolling down one's forehead 从额头上滚落的汗珠. (b) process of giving off moisture through the skin 出汗; 流汗: * Perspiration cools the skin in hot weather. 天热时出汗可使皮肤降温.

persuade
[pE'sweid; pl'swed] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.t] ~ sb (into/out of sth) cause sb to do sth by arguing or reasoning with him 说服或劝说某人做某事: * You try and persuade her (to come out with us). 你去试试劝她（跟我们一起出去）吧. * He is easily persuaded. 他这人好说话. * How can we persuade him into joining us? 怎麽才能说服他参加我们的活动呢? * He persuaded his daughter to change her mind. 他说服女儿改变主意. 2 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态, Tn.pr esp passive 尤用於被动语态, Dn.f] ~ sb (of sth) (fml 文) cause sb to believe sth; convince sb 使某人相信某事物; 使某人信服: * I am not fully persuaded by the evidence. 这证据不足以使我充分信服. * We are persuaded of the justice of her case. 我们确信对她案件的审理是公正的. * How can I persuade you that I am sincere? 怎样才能使你相信我是真心实意的呢?

persuasion
[pE'sweiVn; pl'sweVEn] n 1 [U] persuading or being persuaded 说服; 劝说; 信服: * Defeated by her powers of persuasion, I accepted. 她的劝说很有力, 我完全接受. * After a lot of persuasion, he agreed to come.好说歹说, 他才同意来. * Gentle persuasion is more effective than force. 温和的说服胜於压服. 2 [C] (group who hold a) set of (esp religious or political) beliefs 持有（尤指宗教的或政治的）信仰（的宗派）: * people of all persuasions 持各种信仰的人们 * He is not of their (religious) persuasion. 他和他们的（宗教）信仰不同. 3 [sing] (fml 文) something that one believes; conviction 信念; 见解: * It is my persuasion that the decision was a mistake. 我认为那个决定是错误的.

persuasive
[pE'sweisiv; pl'swesiv] adj able to persuade; convincing 能说服人的; 有说服力的; 令人信服的: * apersuasive manner 晓人以理的态度 * persuasive arguments,reasons, excuses, etc 有说服力的论据、 理由、 藉口等. > persuasively adv. persuasiveness n [U]: * the persuasiveness of his argument 他的论据的说服力.

pert
[pE:t; pEt] adj 1 (esp of a girl or young woman) not showing respect; cheeky （尤指女孩或年轻女子）无礼的, 冒失的: * a pert child, reply 无礼的孩子、 回答 * Don't be so pert! 放庄重些! 2 (esp US) amusing; lively 好玩的; 别致的; 精神的: * a pert little red hat 一顶别致的小红帽. > pertly adv. pertness n [U].

pertain
[pE'tein; pl'ten] v [Ipr] ~ to sth (fml 文) (used esp in the continuous tenses 尤用於进行时态) 1 be connected with or relevant to sth 与某事物有关联: * evidence pertaining to the case 与案件有关的证据. 2 belong to sth as a part of it 依附於或从属於某事物: * (law 律) the manor and the land pertaining to it 庄园及其所属土地. 3 be appropriate to sth 符合於或适合於某事物: * the enthusiasm pertaining to youth 青年特有的热情.

pertinacious
[7pE:ti'neiFEs; - -tn'eiFEs; 7pEtn'eFEs] adj (fml 文) holding firmly to an opinion or a course of action; determined 坚持的; 固执的; 坚决的: * His style of argument in meetings is not so much aggressive as pertinacious. 他在会议上的辩论态度并非锋芒逼人而是坚持己见. > pertinaciously adv. pertinacity/ p\:tI5nsEtI; US -tn5-; 9p[tn`AsEtI/ n [U].

pertinent
[5pE:tinEnt; - -tEnEnt; 5pEtnEnt] adj ~ (to sth) (fml 文) relevant (to sth); to the point 有关的; 中肯的; 恰当的: * pertinent comments, points, questions, etc 中肯的意见、 观点、 问题等 * remarks not pertinent to the matter we are discussing 与我们正在讨论的事情不相干的话. > pertinently adv. pertinence[-Ens; -Ens] n [U].

perturb
[pE'tE:b; pl'tEb] v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (fml 文) make (sb) very worried; disturb 使（某人）烦恼、 不安: * perturbing rumours 令人不安的谣言 * We were perturbed to hear of his disappearance. 我们听说他失踪了, 都很不安. 派生： perturbation[7pE:tE'beiFn; 7pEtl'beFEn] n [U] (fml 文) state of being perturbed; anxiety 不安; 烦扰; 忧虑.

peruse
[pE'ru:z; pE'ruz] v [Tn] 1 (fml 文) read (sth), esp carefully or thoroughly 读（某篇文字）; （尤指）细阅, 审阅: * peruse a document 细阅一文件. 2 (joc 谑) read (sth) quickly and without concentrating 匆匆读或心不在焉地浏览（某篇文字）: * absent-mindedly perusing the notices on the waiting-room wall 漫不经心地看等候室墙上的布告. 派生： perusal/pE'ru:zl; pE'ruzl] n [C, U] (action of) reading carefully 细读.

pervade
[pE'veid; pl'ved] v [Tn] spread to and be perceived in every part of (sth) 弥漫, 渗遍, 遍布, 充满（某处）: * The smell of baked apples pervaded the house.房子里弥漫着烤苹果的香味. * a pervading sense of disaster 普遍有大祸临头的感觉 * Her work is pervaded by nostalgia for a past age. 她的作品充满怀旧之情. 派生： pervasion/pE'veiVn; pl'veVEn] n [U] (fml 文) pervading or being pervaded 弥漫; 渗透; 遍布; 充满.

pervasive
[pE'veisiv; pl'vesiv] adj present and perceived everywhere; pervading 无处不在的; 遍布的; 充斥各处的: * pervasive smell, dust, damp etc 到处都有的气味、 尘埃、 湿气等 * the pervasive mood of pessimism 普遍存在的悲观情绪. > pervasively adv. pervasiveness n [U].

perverse
[pE'vE:s; pl'vEs] adj (fml 文) 1 (of a person) deliberately continuing to behave in a way that is wrong, unreasonable or unacceptable （指人）固执错误的, 背理的, 不合常情的: * a perverse child 任性的孩子 * You are being unnecessarily perverse. 你无谓一意孤行. 2 [esp attrib 尤作定语] (of behaviour) stubbornly unreasonable （指行为）任性的, 蛮不讲理的: * his perverse refusal to see a doctor 他那拒不就医的固执态度 * It would be perverse to take a different view. 持异议之见未免不近情理. * a perverse decision, judgement, etc, ie one that ignores the facts or evidence 罔顾事实的决定、 裁决等. 3 [esp attrib 尤作定语] (of feelings) unreasonableor excessive （指感情）不近情理的, 过分的: * take a perverse pleasure in upsetting one's parents 以忤逆父母作反常之乐 * a perverse desire to shock 故意使人吃惊的反常心理. 派生： perversely adv: She continued, perversely, to wear shoes that damaged her feet. 她偏偏穿那双挤脚的鞋. perverseness, perversity ns [U].

perversion
[pE'vE:Fn; - -Vn; pl'vEVEn] n 1 (a) [U] changing sth from right to wrong; perverting 变错; 变坏; 反常: * the perversion of innocence 纯洁心灵的变坏 * the perversion of the evidence to suit powerful interests 因利欲熏心而颠倒是非. (b) [C] perverted form of sth; distortion 歪曲; 颠倒; 曲解: * Her account was a perversion of the truth. 她所讲的歪曲了事实. 2 [U] (a) (esp of sexual feelings) being or becoming unnatural or abnormal （尤指对性的情感）反常, 异常: * the perversion of normal desires 欲望的反常. (b) [C] (esp sexual) taste or desire which has been perverted （尤指性的）变态心理, 倒错: * the treatment of sexual perversion by psychotherapy 用心理疗法医治性变态 * His craving for publicity has become almost a perversion. 他渴望出风头已迹近病态.

pervert
[pE'vE:t; pl'vEt] v [Tn] 1 turn (sth) away from its proper nature or use 误用, 滥用（某事物）: * pervert the truth/the course of justice 歪曲事实[妨碍司法公正] * an expression whose meaning has been perverted by constant misuse 积非成是的说法. 2 cause (a person, his mind) to turn away from what is right or natural使（人、 心理）入邪路、 反常或堕落: * pervert (the mind of) a child 把儿童（的思想）教坏 * an idealist perverted by the desire for power 被权欲引入歧途的理想主义者 * Do pornographic books pervert those who read them? 看色情 书刊能诱人堕落吗? * a perverted desire to make others suffer 虐待他人的反常心理. 派生： pervert[5pE:vE:t; 5pEvEt] n (derog 贬) person whose (esp sexual) behaviour is considered abnormal or unacceptable 走上邪路者; 堕落者; 反常者; （尤指）性变态者, 性欲倒错者.

peseta
[pE'seitE; pE'setE] n (a) unit of money in Spain; 100 centimos 比塞塔（西班牙货币单位, 等於100分）. (b) coin of this value 一比塞塔硬币.

pesky
[5peski; 5peski] adj (-ier, -iest) (US infml 口) causing trouble; annoying 引起麻烦的; 恼人的: * pesky kids, mosquitoes, weeds 讨厌的孩子、 蚊子、 杂草.

peso
[5peisEu; 5peso] n (pl ~s) unit of money in many Latin American countries and the Philippines 比索（拉丁美洲国家和菲律宾的货币单位）.

pessary
[5pesEri; 5pesEri] n (medical 医) 1 small tablet placed in a woman's vagina and left to dissolve (to prevent conception or to cure an infection); vaginal suppository 阴道栓（避孕或治疗炎症的）. 2 device placed in a woman's vagina to prevent conception (also diaphragm pessary) or to support the womb 子宫帽（避孕用的）; 子宫托（治疗子宫下垂的）.

pessimism
[5pesimizEm; 5pesE7mizEm] n [U] 1 tendency to be gloomy and believe that the worst will happen 悲观: * His pessimism has the effect of depressing everyone. 他的悲观情绪感染得大家情绪低落. 2 (philosophy 哲) belief that evil will always triumph over good 悲观主义. Cf 参看 optimism. 派生： pessimist[-ist; -ist] n person who expects the worst to happen 悲观主义者: * It's easy to sell insurance to a pessimist. 向悲观的人推销保险很容易. Cf 参看 optimist (optimism). pessimistic[7pesi'mistik; 7pesE'mistik] adj ~ (about sth) influenced by or showing pessimism 悲观的; 悲观主义的: * a pessimistic view of the world 对世界的悲观主义看法 * After the pessimistic sales forecasts, production was halved. 在做了悲观销售预测之後, 产量降低了一半. pessimistically[-kli; -kli] adv.

pest
[pest; pest] n 1 [C] (infml 口) annoying person or thing 讨厌的人; 害人虫; 坑人的事物: * That child is an absolute pest he keeps ringing the doorbell and then running away! 那孩子讨厌极了--老是来按门铃, 按完就跑了! 2 [C] insect or animal that destroys plants, food, etc 害虫、 害兽、 害鸟等有害动物: * Stores of grain are frequently attacked by pests, especially rats. 储存的 物经常受损坏, 尤其是老鼠为患最甚. * garden pests, eg slugs, greenfly 花园中的害虫（如蛞蝓、 蚜虫）. Cf 参看 vermin 1. 3 [C, U] (arch 古) = pestilence. 复合： `pest control [U] destruction of pests, eg with poison, traps, etc 消灭有害动物（如用毒药、 诱捕装置等）.

pester
[5pestE(r); 5pestl] v [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.t] ~ sb (for sth); ~ sb (with sth) annoy or disturb sb, esp with frequent requests 打扰或纠缠某人（尤指不断提出要求）: * He told the photographers to stop pestering him. 他告诉照相的人别再缠着他. * The horses in the meadow were being pestered by flies. 牧场上的马不断受马蝇滋扰. * Beggars pestered him for money. 乞丐缠着向他讨钱. * He pestered her with requests for help. 他缠着她要她帮忙. * They pestered her to join in the scheme. 他们不断要求她参与那计画.

pesticide
[5pestisaid; 5pestE7said] n [C, U] chemical substance used to kill pests, esp insects 消灭有害动物的化学药物; （尤指）杀虫剂: * The flea-infested room had to be sprayed with a strong pesticide. 房间里有跳蚤, 得喷强力杀虫剂. Cf 参看 insecticide (insect).

pestilence
[5pestilEns; 5pestlEns] (also pest) n [C, U] (arch 古) (any of various types of) deadly infectious disease that spreads quickly through large numbers of people, esp bubonic plague 瘟疫; （尤指）腺鼠疫. 派生： pestilent[-Ent; -Ent] (also pestilential/ 9pestI5lenFl; 9pZstl`ZnFEl/) adj 1 of or like a pestilence （似）瘟疫的, 腺鼠疫的. 2 [attrib 作定语] (infml 口) very irritating 极讨厌的; 极恼人的; 极可恶的: * the pestilential noise of aeroplanes coming in to land 飞机着陆的讨厌噪音 * We must get rid of these pestilential flies. 我们得把这些可恶的苍蝇消灭掉.

pestle
[5pesl; 5pesl] n heavy round-ended tool used for crushing and grinding things to powder, esp in a special bowl (mortar) （捣碎或研磨用的）杵.

pet
1[pet; pet] n 1 tame animal or bird kept as a companion and treated with care and affection 玩赏动物; 宠物: * They have many pets, including three cats. 他们有很多宠物, 猫就有叁只. * [attrib 作定语] a pet mouse, snake, lamb, etc 作宠物的老鼠、 蛇、 羊羔等 * pet food 饲养宠物的食物. 2 (a) (often derog 常作贬义) (used esp in the expressions shown 尤用於以下示例) person treated as a favourite 宠儿; 宝贝: * (a/the) teacher's pet 老师的得意门生 * make a pet of sb 宠爱某人. (b) thing that is given special attention by sb 某人特别关心的事物: * [attrib 作定语] a pet project, theory, cause, etc 深受重视的工程、 理论、 事业等 * one's pet hate/aversion 耿耿於心的仇恨[反感]. 3 (infml 口) (a) kind or lovable person 善良的人; 讨人喜欢的人: * Their daughter is a perfect pet. 他们的女儿很可爱. * Be a pet and post this letter for me. 做件好事, 替我把信发了吧. (b) (used as a term of affection, esp for a child or young woman 用作亲 的称呼, 尤用於孩子或年轻女子): * That's kind of you, pet. 谢谢你, 小宝贝. 派生： pet v (-tt-) 1 [Tn] treat (esp an animal) with affection, esp by stroking it 宠爱（尤指动物）; （尤指）抚摸（动物）. 2 [I] (infml 口) (of a man and a woman) kiss and caress each other （指男女）亲吻和爱抚: heavy (ie passionate) petting 热烈亲吻和爱抚. 复合： `pet name name used affectionately, that is different from, or a short form of, a person's real name 爱称; 称. =>App 7 见附录7. `pet shop shop where animals, birds etc are sold as pets 宠物商店. pet `subject subject that obsesses one; hobby-horse 爱讲的话题: Once he starts talking about censorship you can't stop him it's his pet subject. 他一谈起新闻检查一类的事, 你就别想让他停--那是他最爱讲的话题.

petal
[5petl; 5petl] n any of the delicate, coloured, leaf-like divisions of a flower 花瓣: * yellow petals with black markings 带黑纹的黄色花瓣 * `rose petals 玫瑰花瓣. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page ii. 派生： petalled (US petaled)[5petld; 5petld] adj (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) having petals 有花瓣的: * a four-petalled flower 有四瓣的花 * blue-petalled flowers 蓝瓣的花.

petard
[pe'ta:d; pi'tard] n (idm 习语) hoist with one's own petard => hoist.

peter
[5pi:tE(r); 5pitl] v (phr v) peter out decrease or fade gradually before coming to an end 逐渐减少; 渐渐消失: * The path petered out deep in the forest. 小路漫漫消失在密林深处. * The story begins dramatically but the plot peters out before the end. 这故事有些虎头蛇尾.

petit bourgeois
[7peti 'bC:Vwa:; - -buErV-; 7peti'burVwa] n (pl unchanged 复数不变) (French 法) member of the lower middle class 小资产阶级: * [attrib 作定语] petit bourgeois interests, occupations, prejudices, etc 小资产阶级的情趣、 职业、 偏见等.

petite
[pE'ti:t; pE'tit] adj (approv 褒) (of a girl or a woman) having a small and dainty physique （指女孩或妇女）娇小的.

petition
[pE'tiFn; pE'tiFEn] n ~ (to sb) 1 formal written request, esp one signed by many people appealing to sb in authority 请愿书: * a petition against closing the swimming-pool signed by hundreds of local residents 数百名当地居民联合签名反对关闭游泳池的请愿书 * get up a petition about sth 就某事徵集签名请愿. 2 (law 律) formal application made to a court （向法院呈交的）诉状. 3 (fml 文) earnest request, esp to God; prayer 祈求; （尤指向上帝的）祈祷. 派生： petition v 1 [Dn.pr, Dn.t] ~ sb (for sth) make a formal request to sb (for sth) （为某事）向某人祈求或请愿: petition the government for a change in the immigration laws 向政府请愿要求修改移民法 * petition Parliament to allow shops to open on Sunday 向国会请愿要求准许商店星期日营业. 2 [Ipr] ~ for sth ask earnestly or humbly for sth 请求或恳求某事: (law 律) petition for divorce, ie ask a court of law to grant a divorce 请求批准离婚 * petition for a retrial in the light of new evidence 根据新证据请求重审. petitioner[-FEnE(r); -FEnL/ n person who petitions, esp in a court of law 请愿人; （尤指）原告, 上诉人.

petrel
[5petrEl; 5petrEl] n any of several types of black and white sea-bird that fly far from land 海燕. Cf 参看 stormy petrel (storm).

petrify
[5petrifai; 5petrE7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) 1 [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: * Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (with sth) make sb unable to think, move, act, etc because of fear, surprise, etc 使某人惊呆或吓呆: * The idea of making a speech in public petrified him. 一想到要在大庭广众面前讲演, 他就紧张得不知所措. * I was absolutely petrified (with fear). 我完全吓傻了. 2 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) change into stone （使某物）石化. 派生： petrifaction[7petri5fkFn; 7petrE'fAkFEn] n [U] petrifying or being petrified 惊呆; 吓呆; 石化.

petro-
comb form 构词成分 1 of petrol 石油的: petrochemical. 2 of rocks 岩石的: petrology.

petrochemical
[7petrEu'kemikl; 7petro'kemikEl] n [U, C] any of various chemical substances obtained from petroleum or natural gas 石油化学产品: * [attrib 作定语] the petrochemical industry 石油化学工业.

petrodollar
[5petrEudClE(r); 5petro7dall] n US dollar earned by a country that exports petroleum 石油美元（国家出口石油所得的美元）.

petrol
[5petrEl; 5petrEl] (US gasoline, gas) n [U] inflammable liquid obtained from petroleum by arefining process and used as a fuel in internal-combustionengines 汽油: * fill a car up with petrol 给汽车的油箱灌满汽油 * an increase in the price of petrol 汽油价格的提高. 复合： `petrol bomb device (often a bottle) filled with petrol that explodes when it hits something 汽油弹（常为瓶中注入汽油者）. `petrol station (also `filling station, `service station)(US `gas station) place beside a road where petrol and other goods are sold to motorists 汽车加油站. Cf 参看 garage 2. `petrol tank container for petrol in a motor vehicle （机动车的）汽油箱. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xii.

petroleum
[pE'trEuliEm; pE'troliEm] n [U] mineral oil that forms underground and is obtained from wells sunk into the ground, from which petrol, paraffin, diesel oil, etc are obtained by processing 石油. 复合： pe,troleum `jelly (US petrolatum[7petrE'leitEm;7petrE'letEm] ) greasy jelly-like substance obtained from petroleum, used in ointments 矿脂; 凡士林.

petrology
[pE'trClEdVi; pE'tralEdVi] n [U] scientific study of rocks 岩石学. 派生： petrologist[-dVist; -dVist] n person who specializesin petrology 岩石学家.

petticoat
[5petikEut; 5peti7kot] n woman's or girl's lightweight undergarment of dress length, worn hanging from the shoulders or the waist; slip 衬裙.

pettifogging
[5petifCgiN; 5peti7fagiN] adj (a) (of a person) paying too much attention to unimportant detail, esp in an argument （指人）吹毛求疵的, 挑剔的（尤指在争论中的）. (b) unimportant; trivial 不重要的; 琐碎的: * pettifogging details, objections, etc 无关宏旨的细节、 异议等.

pettish
[5petiF; 5petiF] adj (a) (of a person) childishly bad-tempered or impatient, esp about unimportant things （指人）爱发小孩脾气的, 任性的, 不耐烦的（尤指为小事）. (b) (of a remark or act) said or done in a bad-tempered, petulant way （指言行）发脾气时说的或做的. > pettishly adv. pettishness n [U]

petty
[5peti; 5peti] adj (-ier, -iest) (derog 贬) 1 small or trivial; unimportant 小的; 琐碎的; 不重要的: * petty details, petty queries, regulations, troubles 细节、 小问题、 琐碎的规章、 小麻烦. 2 (a) concerned with small and unimportant matters 注重琐事的: * petty observance of the regulations 遵守规章制度上的细节. (b) having or showing a small mind; mean 狭隘的; 器量小的; 小气的: * petty and childish behaviour 小心眼和孩子气的行为 * petty spite 心胸狭窄的怨恨 * a petty desire to have her revenge 她想要报复的狭隘念头 * petty about money 金钱上很小气. > pettily[5petili; 5petili] adv. pettiness n [U]: * The pettiness of their criticisms enraged him. 他们鸡毛蒜皮地挑剔, 他十分气愤. 复合： ,petty `cash (usu small) amount of money kept in an office from or for small payments （通常指小额的）零用现金. ,petty `larceny theft of articles of small value 小偷小摸. ,petty `officer (abbr 缩写 PO) senior non-commissionedofficer in the navy 海军士官. =>App 9 见附录9.

petulant
[5petjulEnt; - -tFu-; 5petFElEnt] adj unreasonably impatient or irritable 性急的; 暴躁的: * the petulant demands of spoilt children 宠坏的孩子提出的任性要求. > petulantly adv. petulance[-Ens; -Ens] n [U]: * He tore up the manuscript in a fit of petulance. 他一怒之下把手稿撕碎了.

petunia
[pE'tju:niE; - -'tu:-; pE'tunjE] n garden plant with funnel-shaped flowers in white, pink, purple or red 矮牵牛; 碧冬茄.

pew
[pju:; pju] n 1 any of the long bench-like seats with a back and (usu) sides, placed in rows in a church for people to sit on 教堂长椅. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page viii. 2 (infml joc 口, 谑) seat 座位 (used esp in the following expressions 尤用於以下示例): * Take/Grab a pew! ie Sit down. 坐下吧!

pewit
= peewit.

pewter
[5pju:tE(r); 5pjutl] n [U] (a) grey metal made by mixing tin with lead, used (esp formerly) for making mugs, dishes, etc 白 （锡、 铅合金, 尤於旧时用以制缸子、 碟等）: * [attrib 作定语] pewter goblets, bowls, tankards,etc 白 高脚杯、 碗、 带把啤酒杯等. (b) objects made of this 白 制品: * a fine collection of old pewter 一批古白 器皿.

peyote
[pei'Euti; pe'oti] n 1 [C] type of Mexican cactus; mescal 佩奥特掌（墨西哥仙人掌属植物）. 2 [U] drug made from this which causes hallucinations; mescaline 仙人球毒硷（取自佩奥特掌的致幻药）.

pfennig
[5fenig; 5fenig] n (German coin of the value of) 100th part of a mark 芬尼（德国硬币, 为一马克的百分之一）.

PG
[7pi: 'dVi:; 7pi 'dVi] abbr 缩写 = 1 (Brit) (of films) parental guidance, ie containing scenes unsuitable for young children （指电影）须有家长指导观看的（有儿童不宜的镜头）. 2 paying guest.

phagocyte
[5fAgEsait; 5fAgE7sait] n type of white blood cell capable of protecting the body against infection because it absorbs bacteria （吞）噬细胞.

phalanx
[5flANks; 5felANks] n (pl phalanges/ fE5lAndVi:z; fE`lAndViz/ or ~es) 1 (in ancient Greece) close formation, esp of infantry ready for battle （古希腊）方阵（尤指步兵作战时的）. 2 number of people standing together to form a compact mass 密集队形: * a phalanx of riot police 防暴警察的密集队伍. 3 (anatomy 解) any of the bones in a finger or toe 指骨; 趾骨. => illus at skeleton 见skeleton插图.

phallus
[5fAlEs; 5fAlEs] n (pl -li[-lai; -lai] or ~es) (esp in some religions) image of the erect penis as a symbol of the productive power of nature （尤指某些宗教的）视作生殖力象徵的勃起的阴茎像. 派生： phallic[5fAlik; 5fAlik] adj of or like a phallus （似）阴茎像的: * phallic imagery, symbolism, symbols, etc 阴茎的意象、 象徵、 象徵物等.

phantasm
[5fAntAzEm; 5fAntAzEm] n (fml 文) 1 thing seen in the imagination; illusion 幻象; 幻影; 幻觉; 幻想. 2 = phantom. 派生： phantasmal/fAn'tAzmEl; fAn'tAzmEl] adj (fml 文) of or like a phantasm （似）幻象的, 幻影的, 幻觉的, 幻想的: * phantasmal images, figures, etc 幻想的形象、 人物等. phantasmagoria[7fAntAzmE'gCriE; - -'gC:riE;7fAntAzmE'gCriE] n (fml 文) changing scene of real or imagined figures, etc, eg as seen in a dream or created as an effect in a film （真实的或想像的）变 幻情景（如梦中所见的）; 幻觉效应（如电影中的）. phantasmagoric[-'gCrik; - -'gC:rik; -'gCrik] adj (fml 文) of or like a phantasmagoria （似）变幻情景的, 幻觉效应的.

phantasy
= fantasy.

phantom
[5fAntEm; 5fAntEm] n 1 (a) (also phantasm) ghostly image or figure; ghost 幽灵; 鬼魂: * the phantom of his dead father 他亡父的幽灵 * [attrib 作定语] the legend of the phantom ship 鬼船的传说. (b) [esp attrib 尤作定语] (joc 谑) person whose actions are known about, but whose identity is (supposedly) not known 知其行为而不知其身分的人: * The phantom cake-eater has been here again! 那神出鬼没的偷吃蛋糕的人又来过这儿了! 2 unreal or imagined thing, as seen in a dream or vision; illusion 不真实的或想像的事物; 梦幻之物; 幻觉: * [attrib 作定语] the phantom visions created by a tormented mind 受折磨的心灵产生的幻觉 * phantom pregnancy, ie condition in which a woman wrongly believes she is pregnant and in which some of the symptoms of pregnancy may appear 精神性假妊娠.

Pharaoh
[5feErEu; 5fero] n (title of the) ruler of ancient Egypt 法老（古埃及国王或其称谓）.

pharmaceutical
[7fa:mE'sju:tikl; - -'su:-; 7farmE'sutikl] adj of or connected with the making and distribution of drugs and medicines 制药的; 配药的: * the pharmaceutical industry 制药工业. > pharmaceutics[-Iks; -Iks/ n [sing v] = pharmacy 1.

pharmacist
[5fa:mEsist; 5farmEsist] n (a) person who has been trained to prepare medicines; pharmaceutical chemist 药剂师. (b) person trained in this way, whose job is to sell medicines 药商. Cf 参看 chemist.

pharmacology
[7fa:mE'kClEdVi; 7farmE'kalEdVi] n [U] scientific study of drugs and their use in medicine 药理学; 药物学. 派生： pharmacological[5fa:mEkE'lCdVikl; 7farmEkE'ladVikEl] adj of or concerning pharmacology 药理学的; 药物学的: * pharmacological research 药理研究. pharmacologist[-'kClEdVist; -'kalEdVist] n person who specializes in pharmacology 药理学家; 药物学家.

pharmacopoeia
[7fa:mEkE'pi:E; 7farmEkE'piE] n book containing a list of medicinal drugs and directions for their use, esp one officially published for use in a particular country 药典: * the British Pharmacopoeia 英国药典.

pharmacy
[5fa:mEsi; 5farmEsi] n 1 [U] (study of the) preparation and giving out of medicines and drugs 药学; 药剂学; 制药; 配药. 2 [C] (a) place (eg in a hospital) where medicines are prepared and given out; dispensary 药房（如医院中的）. (b) (US drugstore) (part of a) shop where medicines and drugs are sold; chemist's shop 药店; 药房; 医药用品商店.

pharynx
[5fAriNks; 5fAriNks] n (pl pharynges/ fE5rIndVi:z; fE`rIn9dViz/ or ~es) (anatomy 解) cavity at the back of the mouth and nose, where the passages to the nose and to the mouth connect with the throat 咽. =>illus at throat 见throat插图. 派生： pharyngitis[7fArin'dVaitis; 7fArin'dVaitis] n [U] (medical 医) inflammation of the pharynx 咽炎.

phase
[feiz; fez] n 1 [C] stage in a process of change or development 阶段; 时期: * a phase of history 历史的一个阶段 * a critical phase of an illness 疾病的危险期 * the most exciting phase of one's career 事业上最得意的时期 * The child is going through a difficult phase. 那孩子正经历着困难的阶段. * (infml 口) It's just a phase (she's going through), eg in childhood or adolescence. 就是（她正在经历的）那麽一个阶段（如处於儿童时期或青春期）. 2 [C] amount of the bright surface of the moon that is visible at a given time (new moon, full moon, etc) （月球的）位相, 消长盈亏（新月、 满月等）: * the phases of the moon 月相. 3 (idm 习语) in/out of phase being/not being in the same state at the same time 同相[异相]; 同步[不同步]; 协调[不协调]: * The two sets of traffic lights were out of phase (ie did not show the same change at the same time) and several accidents occurred. 那两组交通灯不同步因而发生了几起事故. 派生： phase v 1 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] plan or carry out sth in stages 按阶段计画或进行某事: The modernization of the industry was phased over a 20-year period. 工业现代化分20年逐步实现. * a phased withdrawal of troops 分阶段撤军. 2 (phr v) phase sth in introduce sth gradually or in stages 逐步或分阶段引进某事物: The use of lead-free petrol is now being phased in. 无铅汽油的应用现正逐步推广. phase sth out withdraw or discontinue sth gradually or in stages 逐步或分阶段撤出或中止某事物: The old currency will have been phased out by 1990. 旧币分阶段至1990年将全部禁止流通.

PhD
[7pi: eitF 'di:; 7pi etF 'di] abbr 缩写 = Doctor of Philosophy 哲学博士学位; 博士学位: * have/be a PhD in History 有历史学博士学位[为历史学博士] * Bill Crofts PhD 比尔．克罗夫茨哲学博士. Cf 参看 DPhil.

pheasant
[5feznt; 5feznt] n (a) [C] (pl unchanged or ~s 复数或不变或作 pheasants) any of several types of long-tailed bird that are often shot for sport and food, the male of which usu has brightly-coloured feathers 雉; 野鸡: * a brace of pheasants 一对野鸡. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page v. (b) [U] its flesh prepared as food 野鸡肉: * roast pheasant 烧野鸡.

phenobarbitone
[7fi:nEu'ba:bitEun; 7fino'barbi7ton] n [U] medicinal drug that calms the nerves and helps one to sleep 苯巴比妥（用作镇静剂和催眠药）.

phenol
[5fi:nCl; 5finCl] n [U] = carbolic acid.

phenomenal
[fE'nCminl; fE'namEnl] adj 1 very remarkable; extraordinary 非凡的; 格外的; 了不起的: * the phenomenal success of the film 影片非常成功 * The rocket travels at phenomenal speed. 火箭以惊人的速度飞行. * The response to the appeal fund has been phenomenal. 对呼吁募集基金的反应格外热烈. 2 (fml 文) of (the nature of) a phenomenon 现象的; 现象性质的. 派生： phenomenally[-nEli; -nli] adv (infml 口) to an amazing degree 惊人地: * Interest in the subject has increased phenomenally. 人们对此事的兴趣激增.

phenomenon
[fE'nCminEn; - -nCn; fE'namE7nan] n (pl -ena[-inE; -EnE] ) 1 fact or occurrence, esp in nature or society, that can be perceived by the senses 现象: * natural, social, historical, etc phenomena 自然的、 社会的、 历史的...现象 * An eclipse of the moon is a rare phenomenon. 月蚀是罕见的现象. * Bankruptcy is a common phenomenon in an economic recession. 在经济衰退时破产是常见的现象. 2 remarkable person, thing or event 非凡的人、 物或事: * the phenomenon of their rapid rise to power 他们迅速掌权的奇迹.

phew
[fju:; fju] (also whew) interj (written representation of a short soft whistling sound made by blowing out or sucking in one's breath, and used to express relief, exhaustion or amazement 呼气或吸气发出的很短的口哨声, 用以表示松口气、 疲劳或惊奇): * Phew! That was a nasty moment -- that car nearly hit us. （发出口哨声）当时可真危险--那辆汽车差点撞上我们.

phial
[5faiEl; 5faiEl] (also vial) n small glass container, esp one for liquid medicine or perfume 玻璃的小容器; （尤指）小药水瓶, 小香水瓶.

philander
[fi'lAndE(r); fE'lAndl] v [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb) (usu derog 通常作贬义) (of a man) amuse oneself by flirting with women （指男子）挑逗女子, 与女子调情: * He spent his time philandering with the girls in the village. 他把时间花在和村子里的姑娘们调情上了. > philanderer[-dErE(r); -dErl] n (derog 贬) man who does this 挑逗女子或与女子调情的男子: * He's a bit of a philanderer -- don't take him too seriously! 他这个人有点轻薄--别跟他太认真!

philanthropy
[fi'lAnWrEpi; fE'lAnWrEpi] n [U] (a) concern for the welfare of mankind; benevolence 博爱; 慈善; 仁慈. (b) charitable actions inspired by this 慈善行为; 善事. 派生： philanthropic[7filEn'WrCpik; 7filEn'Wrapik] adj of or inspired by philanthropy 博爱的; 慈善的; 仁慈的: * philanthropic organizations, eg to help poor or disabled people 慈善机构 * philanthropic motives 仁慈的动机. philanthropically[-kli; -kli] adv. philanthropist/fi'lAnWrEpist; fE'lAnWrEpist] n person who helps others, esp through charitable work or donations of money 帮助他人的人; （尤指）慈善家, 捐款人: * The university was founded by a millionaire philanthropist. 这所大学的创建人是位腰缠万贯的慈善家. Cf 参看 misanthropist.

philately
[fi'lAtEli; fE'lAtli] n [U] (hobby of) collecting and studying postage stamps 集邮（的爱好）. 派生： philatelic[7filE'telik; 7filE'telik] adj. philatelist/fi'lAtElist; fE'lAtlist] n (a) person who collects postage stamps 集邮者. (b) person with expert knowledge of postage stamps 邮票专家.

philharmonic
[7fila:'mCnik; 7filar'manik] adj (esp in names of orchestras, music societies, etc) devoted to or loving music （尤用於管弦乐队、 音乐社团等名称中）爱好音乐的: * the London Philharmonic Orchestra 伦敦爱乐管弦乐团.

philhellene
[7fil'heli:n; fil'helin] n, adj (person) friendly to or admiring the Greeks and Greek civilization 爱希腊人及其文明的（人）. > philhellenic[7filhe'li:nik; - -'lenik; 7filhe'lenik] adj.

philippic
[fi'lipik; fi'lipik] n (fml 文) speech bitterly attacking sb; invective （抨击某人的）演说; 痛斥.

philistine
[5filistain; - -sti:n; 5filEs7tin] n person who has no interest in or understanding of the arts, or is hostile to them; uncultured person 对艺术无兴趣或无认识的人; 讨厌艺术的人; 无教养的人: * He accused those who criticized his work of being philistines. 他指责那些批评他的作品的人是对艺术一窍不通. 派生： philistine adj having no interest in or understanding of the arts, or being hostile to them 对艺术无兴趣的; 不懂艺术的; 讨厌艺术的: The philistine attitude of the public resulted in the work being abandoned. 由於公众对艺术不感兴趣, 那个作品备受冷遇. philistinism[-tinizEm; -tinizEm] n [U]: * the philistinismof the popular press 为大众服务的新闻界对艺术缺乏认识.

philology
[fi'lClEdVi; fi'lalEdVi] n [U] science or studyof the development of language or of a particular language语文学; 语文研究. Cf 参看 linguistics (linguistic). 派生： philological[7filE'lCdVikl; 7filE'ladVikl] adj of or concerning philology 语文学的; 语文研究的. philologist/fi'lClEdVist; fi'lalEdVist] n expert in or student of philology 语文学家; 研究语文学的人.

philosopher
[fi'lCsEfE(r); fE'lasEfl] n 1 (a) person who studies or teaches philosophy 研究或教授哲学的人; 哲学教师. (b) person who has developed a particular set of philosophical theories and beliefs 哲学家; 思想家: * the Greek philosophers 希腊哲学家. 2 (a) person whose mind is untroubled by passions and hardships 不受强烈感情和苦难左右的人; 豁达的人. (b) person whose life is governed by reason 哲人; 贤人. (c) (infml 口) person who thinks deeply about things 善於思考的人: * He's quite a philosopher. 他很爱动脑筋. 复合： philosopher's `stone imaginary substance which, it was formerly believed by alchemists, would change any metal into gold; elixir 点金石（旧时炼金术士认为能使金属变成黄金的物质）.

philosophy
[fi'lCsEfi; fE'lasEfi] n 1 (a) [U] search for knowledge and understanding of the nature and meaning of the universe and of human life 哲学: * moral philosophy, ie study of the principles on which human behaviour is based; ethics 伦理学. (b) [C] any particular set or system of beliefs resulting from this search for knowledge 哲学体系: * the philosophy of Aristotle 亚里士多德的哲学体系 * conflicting philosophies 互相矛盾的哲学体系. 2 [C] set of beliefs or an outlook on life that is a guiding principle for behaviour 人生哲学; 生活的信念或原则: * a man without a philosophy of life 没有生活信念的人 * Enjoy yourself today and don't worry about tomorrow that's my philosophy! 且享今朝乐, 莫管明朝愁--这就是我的人生哲学! 3 [U] calm quiet attitude towards life even in the face of suffering, danger, etc 即使面对困苦、 危险等, 对生活仍持冷静沉着的态度; 达观: * The philosophy of the prisoners during their worst sufferings impressed even their captors. 俘虏们在最困苦时仍处之泰然, 连捉住他们的人都深有感触. 派生： philosophical[7filE'sCfikl; 7filE'safikl] , philosophicadjs 1 of or according to philosophy 哲学的; 根据哲学的: * philosophical principles 哲学原则. 2 devoted to philosophy 研究哲学的: * philosophical works 哲学着作. 3 ~ (about sth) having or showing the calmness and courage of a philosopher(2); resigned 豁达的; 达观的; 处之泰然的: * She seemed fairly philosophical about the loss. 她对所受损失似乎很看得开. * He heard the news with a philosophical smile. 他听到那消息後若无其事地付之一笑. philosophically[-kli; -kli] adv: * He accepted the verdict philosophically. 他泰然自若地接受了那一裁决. philosophize, -ise/fi'lCsEfaiz; fE'lasE7faiz] v 1 [I] think or argue as or like a philosopher 像哲学家般思考或辩论. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (about/on sth) discuss orspeculate 讨论; 思考:

philosophy1
* They spend their time philosophizingabout the mysteries of life. 他们用很多时间探讨生命的奥秘.

phlebitis
[fli'baitis; fli'baitis] n [U] inflammation of a vein 静脉炎.

phlegm
[flem; flem] n [U] 1 thick semi-liquid substance which forms in the air passages, esp when one has a cold, and which can be removed by coughing 痰. 2 (dated or fml 旧或文) quality of being slow to act or react, or to show feeling; calmness 迟钝; 冷漠; 冷静: * show considerable phlegm in facing the crisis 面对危机表现得相当冷静. 派生： phlegmatic/fleg'mtik; fleg'mAtik] adj calm and even-tempered; showing the quality of phlegm(2) 冷静而温和的; 迟钝的; 冷漠的: * Commuting in the rush-hour requires a phlegmatic temperament. 在上下班交通高峰期间乘坐通勤车要有安之若素的心境. phlegmatically[-kli; -kli] adv.

phlox
[flCks; flaks] n [U] (pl unchanged or ~es 复数或不变或作 phloxes) any of several types of garden plant with clusters of reddish, purple or white flowers 福禄考（园艺植物, 花簇生, 呈红色、 紫色或白色）.

phobia
[5fEubiE; 5fobiE] n extreme or abnormal dislike or fear of sth; aversion （对某事物极端的或反常的）憎恶, 恐惧; 恐怖（症）: * learning to control one's phobia about flying 学会克服飞行的恐惧感 * Dislike of snakes or spiders is a common phobia. 害怕蛇或厌恶蜘蛛是很常见的事.

phoenix
[5fi:niks; 5finiks] n mythical bird of the Arabian desert, said to live for several hundred years before burning itself and then rising born again from its ashes 长生鸟（神话中的鸟, 在阿拉伯沙漠中, 可活数百年, 然後自焚为灰而再生）.

phon(o)-
comb form 构词成分 of sound or sounds 声的; 音的: phonetic * phonograph.

phone
1[fEun; fon] n 1 telephone 电话: * tell sb sth/order sth over the phone, ie instead of writing 用电话把某事告诉某人[订购某物] * The phone is ringing. 电话铃响了. communicating by phone 通电话 * [attrib 作定语] make a phone call 打电话. 2 (idm 习语) (be) on the `phone (a) (be) talking on the phone 用电话交谈; 在通话: * You can't see her now she's on the phone. 你现在不能见她--她正在打电话. * They've been on the phone for an hour. 他们已通话一小时了. (b) (of a person, business, etc) having a telephone （指人或公司等）有电话: * Are you on the phone yet? 你安电话了吗? 派生： phone v 1 [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (sb) (up) telephone (sb) 给（某人）打电话: Did anybody phone? 有人打电话来吗? * I'll phone them up now. 我现在给他们打电话. 2 (phr v) phone in telephone (esp one's place of work) 打电话（尤指打至自己的工作处）: phone in sick, ie telephone to say one is absent from work because of illness 打电话请病假. 复合： `phone book =telephone directory (telephone). `phone booth (also `phone box) telephone kiosk; call-box 电话亭. `phone-in (Brit) (US call-in) n radio or televisionprogramme in which telephoned questions and commentsfrom listeners or viewers are broadcast （电台或电视台的）听众可来电话的直播节目（向主持人提问和作评论）: [attrib 作定语] a phone-in show 有听众来电话的直播节目.

phoneme
[5fEuni:m; 5fonim] n (linguistics 语言) any one of the set of smallest distinctive speech sounds in a language that distinguish one word from another 音位; 音素: * English has 24 consonant phonemes. 英语有24个辅音音素. * In English, the `s' in `sip' and the `z' in `zip' represent two different phonemes. 英语中sip中的s和zip中的z为两个不同的音素. 派生： phonemic/fE'ni:mik; fE'nimik] adj of or concerning phonemes 音位的; 音素的. phonemically / -klI; -kl庄 adv. phonemics n [sing v] study of the phonemes of a language 音位学.

phonetic
[fE'netik; fE'netik] adj (linguistics 语言) 1 of or concerning the sounds of human speech 语音的. 2 (of a method of writing speech sounds) using a symbol for each distinct sound or sound unit （指标音法）使用音标的: * phonetic symbols, alphabet, transcription 音标、 语音字母、 标音. 3 (of spelling) corresponding closely to the sounds represented （指拼写）拼写与发音相似的: * Spanish spelling is phonetic. 西班牙语的拼写与发音相似. 派生： phonetically[-kli; -kli] adv. phonetician[7fEuni'tiFn; 7fonE'tiFEn] n expert in or student of phonetics 语音学家; 研究语音学的人. phonetics n [sing v] study of speech sounds and their production 语音学.

phonetic (Jones Vowels)
[fE'netik; fE'netik] The Jones phonetic symbols （音标） used in this dictionary contains the following vowels and diphthongs. Press the pronunciation button to hear the sounds they represent. 1. i: -- Example: see/ si:; si/ 2. I -- Example: sit/ sIt; sIt/ 3. e -- Example: ten/ ten; tZn/ 4. A -- Example: hat/ hAt; hAt/ 5. B: -- Example: arm/ B:m; Brm/ 6. C -- Example: watch/ wCtF; wBtF/ 7. R: -- Example: saw/ sR:; sR/ 8. U -- Example: put/ pUt; pJt/ 9. u: -- Example: too/ tu:; tu/ 10. Q -- Example: cup/ kQp; kQp/ 11. \: -- Example: fur/ f\:(r); f[/ 12. E -- Example: ago/ E5gEU; E`^o/ 13. eI -- Example: page/ peIdV; pedV/ 14. EU -- Example: home/ hEUm; hom/ 15. aI -- Example: five/ faIv; faIv/ 16. aU -- Example: now/ naU; naJ/ 17. RI -- Example: join/ dVRIn; dVRIn/ 18. IE -- Example: near/ nIE(r); nIE(r)[ 19. eE -- Example: hair/ heE(r); hZE(r)[ 20. UE -- Example: tour/ tUE(r); tJE(r)]

phoney
(also phony)[5fEuni; 5foni] adj (-ier -iest) (infml derog 口, 贬) (a) (of a person) pretending or claiming to be what one is not （指某人）假装的, 冒充的: * There's something very phoney about him. 他这人有些地方很假. * a phoney doctor, ie a quack doctor 冒牌医生. (b) (of a thing) false or faked （指事物）假的, 伪造的: * a phoney American accent 假装的美国腔 * phoney jewels, qualifications, mannerisms 假珠宝、 伪资格、 矫饰的风格 * some phoney excuse for the delay 因延误而找的假藉口 * The story sounds phoney to me. 我觉得这件事听起来有假. 派生： phoney (also phony) n (pl ~s) phoney person or thing 冒充者; 伪造物; 膺品: The man's a complete phoney. 这个男子的身分是冒充的. * This diamond is a phoney. 这钻石是假的. phoniness n [U].

phonic
[5fCnik; 5fanik] adj 1 of or concerning sound 声音的. 2 of or concerning the sounds of speech 语音的.

phonograph
[5fEunEgra:f; - -grAf; 5fonE7grAf] n (dated 旧) = record player (record).

phonology
[fE'nClEdVi; fE'nalEdVi] n [U] (linguistics 语言) 1 study of the system of speech sounds, esp in a particular language 音位学, 音韵学, 音系学（尤指某语言的）: * a course in phonology 音系学课程. 2 system of sounds in a particular language, esp at a particular pointin its development 语音体系（尤指历时的）: * the phonologyof Old English 古英语语音体系. 派生： phonological[7fEunE'lCdVikl; 7fonE'ladVikl] adj. phonologist/fE'nClEdVist; fE'nalEdVist] n expert in or student of phonology 音位学、 音韵学、 音系学的专家或研究者.

phooey
[5fu:i; 5fui] interj (infml 口) (expressing contempt, disappointment or a refusal to accept the truth of sth 表示对某事物轻视、 失望或不信的叹词).

phosgene
[5fCzdVi:n; 5fasdVin] n [U] poisonous colourless gas used in chemical warfare, and in industry to make dyes, fertilizers, etc 光气; 碳奶氯.

phosphate
[5fCsfeit; 5fasfet] n (a) [C, U] any salt or compound of phosphoric acid 磷酸盐; 磷酸酯. (b) [C often pl, U 作可数名词时常作复数, 亦作不可数名词] any artificial fertilizer composed of or containing these 磷肥.

phosphorescence
[7fCsfE'resns; 7fasfE'resns] n [U] (a) giving out of light without heat or with so little heat that it cannot be felt 磷光; 磷火; 鬼火. (b) giving out of a faint glow in the dark, eg by certain insects or sea creatures （黑暗中的）微光（如某些昆虫或海洋生物的）. Cf 参看 fluorescence. 派生： phosphorescent[-snt; -snt] adj (a) giving out light without heat 发磷光的. (b) glowing in the dark 在黑暗中发光的.

phosphorus
[5fCsfErEs; 5fasfErEs] n [U] (chemistry 化) (a) pale yellow waxlike poisonous substance that glows in the dark and catches fire easily 磷. (b) red non-poisonous form of this, used for the coating on match heads 红磷. =>App 10 见附录10. 派生： phosphoric/fCs'fCrik; - -'fC:r; fas'fCrik] (also phosphorous[5fCsfErEs; 5fasfErEs] ) adj concerning or containing phosphorus 磷的; 含磷的.

photo
[5fEutEu; 5foto] n (pl ~s[-tEuz; -toz] ) (infml 口) = photograph. 复合： ,photo `finish (in horse racing) finish of a race where the leading horses are so close together that only a photograph of them passing the winning-post can show which is the winner （马赛中的）摄影定名次（参赛者到达终点时需藉照片判断名次者）.

photocell
[5fEutEusel; 5foto7sel] n = photoelectric cell (photoelectric).

photocopy
[5fEutEukCpi; 5foto7kapi] n photographic copy of (written, printed or graphic work) 照相复制本; 影印本. Cf 参看 Xerox, Photostat. 派生： photocopy v (pt, pp -pied) (a) [Tn] make a photographic copy of (written, printed or graphic work)照相复印, 影印（文字、 图表等）. (b) [I] make photographic copies of documents, etc 照相复制; 影印: do some photocopying 影印. photocopier[-piE(r); -pil] n machine for photocopying documents 照相复印机; 影印机.

photoelectric
[7fEutEui'lektrik; 7fotoi'lektrik] adj of or using the electrical effects produced by light 光电的. 复合： ,photoelectric `cell (also `photocell, e,lectric `eye) electronic device that uses the effect of light to produce electric current (used eg in photographic light meters and burglar alarms) 光电管; 电眼.

photogenic
[7fEutEu'dVenik; 7foto'dVenik] adj (a) being a good subject for photography 适於拍照的: * a photogenic sunset, village, kitten 适於拍照的日落、 村子、小猫. (b) (of a person) looking attractive in photographs（指人）上相的, 上镜的: * I'm not very photogenic. 我这人不大上相.

photograph
[5fEutEgra:f; - -grAf; 5fotE7grAf] (also infml 口语作 photo) n 1 picture formed by means of the chemical action of light on a specially prepared surface, eg film or a glass plate, and then transferred to specially prepared paper 照片; 相片: * take a photograph (of sb/sth) 给（某人[某物]）拍照. 2 (idm 习语) take a good `photograph look attractive in photographs; be photogenic 照出像来好看; 上相; 上镜. 派生： photograph v 1 [Tn] take a photograph of (sb/sth) 给（某人[某物]）拍照: photograph the bride, the wedding, a flower 给新娘、 婚礼、 花拍照. 2 [I] (followed by an adv 後接副词) appear in a certain way in photographs 在照片上显出的某种样子: photograph well/badly 照出来好看[不好看]. photographer/ fE5tCgrEfE(r); fE`tB^rEfL/ n person who takes photographs, esp as a job 摄影者; （尤指）摄影师: The competition is open to both amateur and professional photographers. 业馀的和职业的摄影者均可参赛. * a newspaper photographer 报社摄影记者 * one of the best photographers in the world 世界上最优秀的摄影师之一. Cf 参看 cameraman (camera). photographic[7fEutE'grAfik; 7fotE'grAfik] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] 1 of, used in or produced byphotography 摄影（术）的; 摄影用的; 摄制的: * photographic equipment, images, records, reproduction 摄影设备、 摄影影像、 摄制的纪录、 照相复制. 2 (of sb's memory) able to remember things in great detail, exactly as they were seen （指某人的记忆）记得详细准确的. photographically[-kli; -kli] adv. photography/fE'tCgrEfi; fE'tagrEfi] n [U] art or process of taking photographs 摄影术; 摄影: * black and white/colour/still photography 黑白[彩色/静物]摄影 * Her hobby is photography. 她的业馀爱好是摄影. * The photography in the film about arctic wildlife was superb. 那部影片中拍摄的极地野生动物好看极了.

photolithography
[7fEutEuli'WCgrEfi; 7fotoli'WagrEfi] n [U] process of transferring an image onto a metal plate by a photographic method, and printing from it 照相平版印刷（术）.

photon
[5fEutCn; 5fotan] n (physics 物) indivisible unit of electromagnetic radiation 光子; 光量子.

photosensitive
[7fEutEu'sensEtiv; 7foto'sensEtiv] adj reacting when exposed to light, esp by changing colour 光敏的; （尤指）感光的: * photosensitive paper 感光纸. 派生： photosensitize, -ise[-taiz; -taiz] v [Tn] make (sth) photosensitive 使（某物）具感光性; 使光敏.

Photostat
(also photostat)[5fEutEstAt; 5fotE7stAt] n (propr 专利名) photocopy 照相复印件; 影印本: * [attrib 作定语] a Photostat copy 影印件. 派生： photostat v [Tn] make a photocopy of (sth) 照相复印, 影印（文字、 图表等）.

photosynthesis
[7fEutEu'sinWEsis; 7foto'sinWEsis] n [U] process by which green plants convert carbon dioxide and water into food using the energy in sunlight 光合作用. Cf 参看 chlorophyll. 派生： photosynthesize, -ise[-Esaiz; -E7saiz] v [Tn] change (eg carbon dioxide or water) into food by photosynthesis 对（如二氧化碳或水）进行光合作用. photosynthetic[-sin'Wetik; -sin'Wetik] adj.

phrase
[freiz; frez] n 1 [C] (a) (grammar) group of words without a verb, esp one that forms part of a sentence 词组; 短语; 片语: * `The green car' and `at half past four' are phrases. the green car（绿色的汽车）和at half past four（在四点半）都是词组. (b) group of words forming a short expression, esp an idiom or a clever, striking way of saying sth 固定词组; （尤指）习语, 成语, 警语, 隽语: * an apt, a memorable, a well-chosen, etc phrase 恰当的、 值得记住的、 选用得切当的...习语 * That's exactly the phrase I was looking for myself. 这就是我一直找的那个成语. 2 [U] way of expressing oneself; style 个人的表达方式; 风格: * the poet's beauty of phrase 该诗人表达风格之美. 3 [C] (music 音) short distinct passage forming part of a longer passage 乐句; 分句. 4 (idm 习语) to coin a phrase => coin v. turn a `phrase express oneself in an amusing and witty way 诙谐地表达; 作妙语. a turn of `phrase way of expressing or describing sth 表达方式; 措词: * an interesting, unusual, unpleasant, etc turn of phrase 有趣的、 不寻常的、 令人不快的...措词. 派生： phrasal[5freizl; 5frezl] adj (a) of or concerning a phrase 词组的; 短语的; 片语的. (b) in the form of a phrase 词组形式的; 短语形式的: * phrasal verbs such as `go in for', `fall over', `blow up' 短语动词, 如go in for、 fall over、 blow up. phrase v [Tn] 1 express (sth) in words (in the specified way) （以某种方式）措词表达（某事）: phrase one's criticism very carefully 对批评用语字斟句酌 * How shall I phrase it? 我用什麽词语表达呢? * an elegantly phrased compliment 措词优雅的赞语. 2 divide (music) into phrases, esp in performance 将（乐曲）分成乐句（尤指演奏时）. phrasing n [U] 1 (music 音) action or manner of dividing a line into phrases, in composing or performing 乐句划分; 分句法: The singer was criticized for her poor phrasing. 她演唱歌曲时乐句划分失当受到批评.

phrase1
2 = phraseology a. phraseology[7freizi'ClEdVi; 7frezi'alEdVi] n [U] (a) choice or arrangement of words; wording 措词; 用词; 遣词. (b) study of fixed phrases and idioms 成语学. 复合： `phrase-book n book listing common expressions and their equivalents in another language, esp for use by travellers in a foreign country 外语常用语手册（尤指供到国外旅游用的）: a Spanish phrase-book 西班牙语常用语手册.

phrenetic
= frenetic.

phrenology
[frE'nClEdVi; fri5nalEdVi] n [U] (esp formerly) study of the shape of a person's skull, esp the natural bumps on it, in order to determine his character and abilities （尤指旧时）颅相学. 派生： phrenological[7frenE'lCdVikl; 7frenE'ladVikEl] adj. phrenologist/frE'nClEdVist; fri5nalEdVist] n person who practises phrenology 颅相学家.

phut
[fQt; fQt] adv (idm 习语) go `phut (infml 口) (a) (esp of electrical or mechanical things) stop functioning; break down （尤指电器或机械用具）停止运转, 出故障: * The washing machine has gone phut. 洗衣机坏了. (b) be ruined; collapse 毁掉; 垮掉: * The business went phut. 公司倒闭了. * Our holiday plans have gone phut. 我们的假日计画已经吹了.

phylum
[5failEm; 5failEm] n (pl -la[-lE; -lE] ) (biology 生) major division in the animal or plant kingdom （动物或植物分类上的）门: * The mollusc phylum includes all soft-bodied animals without backbones. 软体动物门包括所有无脊椎的软体动物. Cf 参看 class 7, order1 9, family 4, genus 1, species 1.

physi(o)-
comb form 构词成分 1 of or relating to nature or natural forces or functions 自然的; 自然力的;自然功能的: physiology. 2 physical 物理的: physiotherapy.

physical
[5fizikl; 5fizikl] adj 1 of or concerning material things (contrasted with moral or spiritual matters) 物质的（与道德的或精神的相对）: * the physical world, universe, etc 物质世界、 宇宙等. 2 (a) of the body 身体的; 肉体的: * physical fitness, well-being, strength, etc 健康、 安康、 体力 * physical exercise, eg walking, running, playing sports 体育活动 * physical education, eg athletics, gymnastics, games, etc 体育 * (Brit infml 口) physical jerks, ie gymnastics 体操. (b) bodily 身体的: * physical presence 亲临. 3 of or according to the laws of nature 自然规律的; 按自然法则的: * It is a physical impossibility to be in two places at once. 同时身处两地在自然法则上是不可能的. * physical necessity 自然法则的必然性. 4 [attrib 作定语] of the natural features of the material world 物质世界的自然特徵的: * physical geography, ie geography of the earth's structure 自然地理学 * a physical map, ie one showing mountains, rivers, etc 自然地理图. 5 [attrib 作定语] of or concerning physics 物理的; 物理学的: * physical chemistry, ie use of physics in the study of chemistry 物理化学 * physical science 物理学. 6 (infml euph 口, 婉) using violence; treating roughly 使用暴力的; 粗暴对待的: * Are you going to co-operate or do we have to get physical? 你是跟我们合作呢还是要我们动武? 派生： physical n (infml 口) medical examination to see if one is fit 体格检查. physically[-kli; -kli] adv (a) bodily 身体上: * physically exhausted, fit, handicapped 身体疲劳、 健康、 残疾 * attack sb physically 攻击某人身体. (b) according to the laws of nature 根据自然法则: * physically impossible 按照自然法则不可能.

physician
[fi'ziFn; fE'ziFEn] n doctor, esp one specializing in areas of treatment other than surgery 医生; （尤指）内科医生. Cf 参看 surgeon.

physicist
[5fizisist; 5fizEsist] n expert in or student of physics 物理学家; 物理学研究者.

physics
[5fiziks; 5fiziks] n [sing v] (scientific study of the) properties of matter and energy (eg heat, light, sound, magnetism, gravity) and the relationship between them 物理（学）: * Physics has made enormous progress in this century. 本世纪物理学的发展突飞猛进. * nuclear physics 原子核物理学 * the laws of physics 物理学定律 * [attrib 作定语] a physics textbook 物理学教科书 * the physics of the electron 电子物理学.

physiognomy
[7fizi'CnEmi; - -'CgnEumi; 7fizi'agnEmi] n (fml 文) 1 [C] (a) features of a person's face 相貌; 容貌. (b) facial type 脸型: * a typical North European physiognomy 典型的北欧人脸型. 2 [U] art of judging a person's character from the features of his face 相面术. 3 [C] physical features of a country or area （一国或一地的）地势, 地貌, 地理特徵.

physiology
[7fizi'ClEdVi; fizi'alEdVi] n [U] (a) scientific study of the normal functions of living things 生理学: * reproductive physiology 生殖生理学. (b) way in which the body of a particular living thing functions 生理机能: * the physiology of the snake 蛇的生理机能. 派生： physiological[7fiziE'lCdVikl; 7fiziE'ladVikl] adj (a) of or concerning physiology 生理学的: * physiological research 生理学研究. (b) of or concerning the bodily functions 生理的; 生理机能的: * the physiological effects of space travel 宇宙航行的生理影响. physiologist[7fizi'ClEdVist; 7fizi'alEdVist] n expert in or student of physiology 生理学家; 生理学研究者.

physiotherapy
[7fiziEu'WerEpi; 7fizio'WerEpi] n [U] treatment of disease, injury or weakness in the joints or muscles by exercises, massage and the use of light, heat, etc 物理治疗; 理疗. 派生： physiotherapist[-pist; -pist] n (also infml 口语作 physio[5fiziEu; 5fizio] ) person trained to give such treatment 理疗医生; 物理治疗师.

physique
[fi'zi:k; fi'zik] n [C] general appearance and size of a person's body, esp of the muscles 体格, 体形（尤指肌肉方面）: * a well-developed physique 发育匀称的体格 * build up one's physique 长身体 * a fine/poor physique 健壮的[羸弱的]体格 * He doesn't have the physique for such heavy work. 干这样的重活他的体格不行.

pi
[pai; pai] n 1 the sixteenth letter of the Greek alphabet (, ), represented in English spelling by `p' 希腊字母表的第十六个字母（piano /// 1[5pja:nEu; pi'ano] adv, adj (music 音) (abbr 缩写 p) soft(ly) 柔和（的）; 弱（的）. Cf 参看 forte2. 派生： pianissimo/piE'nisimEu; 7piE'nisE7mo] adv, adj (abbr 缩写 pp) very soft(ly) 极弱（的）.

piastre
(US piaster)[pi'AstE(r); pi'Astl] n (a) 100th part of the unit of money in several Middle Eastern countries 皮阿斯特（中东几国的货币单位）. (b) coin or banknote of this value （硬币或纸币的）一皮阿斯特.

piazza
[pi'AtsE; - also pi:'a:zE; pi'AzE] n public square or marketplace, esp in an Italian town; plaza 广场, 市场（尤指意大利城镇中的）.

pibroch
[5pi:brCk; 5pibrak] n piece of music to be played on the bagpipes, consisting of a theme and variations 风笛变奏曲.

pica
[5paikE; 5paikE] n 1 one of the sizes of letters used in typewriting (ten letters per inch) 英文打字机上相当於12点活字的字型（每英寸10个字母）. 2 (in printing) unit of measurement for type2(1) （印刷）12点活字.

picador
[5pikEdC:(r); 5pikE7dCr] n (in bullfighting) man mounted on a horse who attacks the bull with a lance in order to make it angry and weaken it 骑马斗牛士.

picaresque
[7pikE'resk; 7pikE'resk] adj (of a style or type of literature) dealing with the adventures of (often likeable) rogues and vagabonds （指文学的风格或体裁）以（常为讨人喜欢的）无赖和流浪汉的冒险事迹为题材的.

piccalilli
[7pikE'lili; 7pikE'lili] n [U] yellow hot-tasting pickle made from chopped vegetables, mustard and spices 辣泡菜.

piccaninny
[7pikE'nini; 5pikE7nini] n ( dated offensive讳, 旧, 蔑) young Negro or Aboriginal child 黑人小孩儿; 澳洲土着小孩儿.

piccolo
[5pikElEu; 5pikE7lo] n (pl ~s) small musical instrument like the flute but producing notes an octave higher than those of the flute 短笛. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page x.

pick
1[pik; pik] n [sing] 1 (right of) selecting; choice 挑选; 选择; 选择权: * Of course I'll lend you a pen. Take your pick, ie whichever one you choose. 我当然可以借给你钢笔用. 自己挑吧. * The winner has first pick of the prizes. 胜者有选择奖品的优先权. 2 the ~ of sth the best (example) of sth 最佳选择（的事物）; 精华: * Only the pick of the crop is good enough for us, eg in food advertising. 本公司原料皆为精选作物（如见於食品广告）. * the pick of the new season's fashions 新款精选 * (infml 口) the pick of the bunch, ie the best of a number of things or people 出类拔萃者.

picket
[5pikit; 5pikit] n 1 worker or group of workers stationed outside the entrance to a place of work during a strike to try to persuade others not to enter （罢工时守在工作地点门口阻拦他人上班的）纠察队员, 纠察队: * Five pickets were injured in the scuffle. 在混战中有五名罢工纠察队员受伤. * [attrib 作定语] a `picket line, ie a line of pickets, eg outside a factory 罢工纠察线. 2 small group of people on police duty or of soldiers sent out to watch the enemy 警察或士兵的警戒队. 3 pointed stake set into the ground, eg as part of a fence or to tether a horse to 尖板条（作篱笆或栓马用的）: * [attrib 作定语] a picket fence 尖板条栅栏. 派生： picket v 1 (a) [Tn] place pickets at (a place of work) （在工作地点）设置罢工纠察队: picket all the company's offices 在公司所有的办公室附近设置罢工纠察队. (b) [I, Tn] act as a picket at (a place of work) 担任罢工纠察员: Some of the union members did not want to picket. 工会的一些会员不想担任罢工纠察员. 2 [Tn] place (guards) in position 布置（警卫）警戒. 3 [Tn] enclose (a place) with stakes or make secure with a stake 用尖板条围住（某地）; 用尖板条围护.

pickings
[5pikiNz; 5pikiNz] n [pl] 1 profits or gains that are easily or dishonestly earned or obtained 轻易挣得的或来路不正的财物、 好处、 利益等: * He promised us rich pickings if we bought the shares immediately. 他向我们保证假若我们立刻买进股票, 很容易赚大钱. 2 left over scraps of food, etc 残留的食物等.

pickle
[5pikl; 5pikl] n 1 (a) [U] food (esp vegetables) preserved in vinegar or salt water 腌菜（尤指蔬菜）: * red cabbage pickle 红卷心菜泡菜. (b) [C usu pl 通常作复数] particular vegetable preserved in this way 泡菜: * The dish was accompanied by a variety of pickles. 这盘菜配有什锦泡菜. * cheese and pickles 奶酪加泡菜. (c) [U] liquid used to preserve food in this way 泡菜水; 腌菜的汁: * leave an ox tongue in salt pickle 把牛口条放在腌菜汁里腌制. Cf 参看 relish 3, sauce 1. 2 [C] (Brit infml 口) mischievous child 调皮孩子: * She's a real little pickle! 她真是个小调皮! 3 (idm 习语) (in) a sad, sorry, nice, pretty, etc `pickle (in) a difficult or unpleasant situation; (in) a mess 处境困难或不愉快; 又脏又乱. 派生： pickle v [Tn] preserve (vegetables, etc) in pickle （用腌菜汁）腌渍（蔬菜等）: pickled cabbage, onions, walnuts, etc 腌洋白菜、 洋葱、 胡桃等. pickled adj (infml 口) drunk 醉的: By this time, he was hopelessly pickled. 到这时他已经烂醉如泥了.

picky
[5piki; 5piki] adj (-ier, iest) (infml derog 口, 贬 esp US) fussy; choosy 挑剔的; 难以取悦的.

picnic
[5piknik; 5piknik] n 1 (a) (esp Brit) meal eaten out of doors, esp as part of a pleasure trip 野餐（尤指旅游中的）: * We'll go to the river and take a picnic with us. 我们要到河边玩耍并带着野餐. * [attrib 作定语] a picnic table, hamper, lunch 野餐桌、 食篮、 盒饭. (b) pleasure trip that includes a picnic 带有野餐的旅游: * It's a nice day let's go for a picnic. 天气真好--咱们去野餐游玩吧. 2 (idm 习语) be no `picnic (infml 口) be difficult or troublesome 有困难或麻烦: * Bringing up a family when you are unemployed is no picnic. 失了业又要养家, 这可不是玩儿的. 派生： picnic v (-ck-) [I, Ipr] take part in or have a picnic 参加野餐; 去野餐: They were picnicking in the woods. 他们正在林子里野餐. picnicker n person who picnics 野餐者: Picnickers are requested not to leave litter behind, eg on a notice. 野餐者不得随地丢弃垃圾（如告示牌上所示者）.

picric acid
[7pikrik 'Asid; 7pikrik 'Asid] n [U] bitteryellow substance used in dyeing and in making explosives苦味酸.

pictorial
[pik'tC:riEl; pik'tCriEl] adj (a) represented in a picture or pictures 用图片、 照片等表示的: * a pictorial record of the wedding 婚礼的照片集. (b) having pictures; illustrated 有图片、 照片等的; 用图片、 照片等说明的: * a pictorial calendar, magazine, etc 带画的日历、 杂志等. 派生： pictorial n newspaper or magazine in which pictures are the most important feature 画报. pictorially[-Eli; -Eli] adv.

picture
[5piktFE(r); 5piktFl] n 1 [C] (a) painting, drawing, sketch, etc, esp as a work of art 绘画, 图画, 素描（尤指作为艺术作品）: * His picture of cows won a prize. 他画的牛的作品获了奖. * Draw a picture of the house so we know what it looks like. 画出房子的图来让我们看看是什麽样子的. (b) photograph 照片; 相片: * They showed us the pictures of their wedding. 他们给我们看结婚照片. * She's taking a picture of the children. 她正给孩子们拍照. (c) portrait (of sb) （某人的）肖像画: * Will you paint my picture? 您给我画像行吗? 2 [C usu sing 通常作单数] beautiful object, scene, person etc 美丽的物、 景、 人等: * The park is a picture when the daffodils are in bloom. 水仙花开时公园非常漂亮. * The children were a picture in their pretty dresses. 孩子们穿上漂亮的衣服好看极了. 3 [C usu sing 通常作单数] (a) account or description of sth that enables one to form a mental picture or impression of it 形象的叙述: * The book gives a good picture of everyday life in ancient Rome. 那部书对古罗马人的日常生活描写得很生动. (b) this mental picture 心目中的情景: * Her careful description enabled us to form an accurate picture of what had happened. 她描述得十分细致, 使我们对所发生的事历历如见. 4 [C] (quality of the) image on a television screen 电视图像（的清晰度）: * The picture is much clearer with the new aerial. 装上新天线後画面清晰多了. 5 (Brit dated 旧) (a) [C] cinema film 影片; 电影: * Have you seen her latest picture? 你看过她新拍的电影吗? (b) the pictures [pl] cinema 电影院: * We don't often go to the pictures. 我们不常到电影院看电影. 6 (idm 习语) be/put sb in the `picture be/cause sb to be fully informed about sth 了解[使某人了解]实情: * Are you in the picture now? 你现在知道怎麽回事了吗? * Members of Parliament insisted on being put in the picture about the government's plans. 议员坚持要充分了解政府计画的详情. be the picture of health, happiness, etc look very healthy, happy, etc 看上去很健康、 愉快等. get the `picture (infml 口) understand 明白; 理解:

picture1
* I get the picture you two want to be left alone together. 我现在明白了--你们俩想单独在一起. pretty as a picture => pretty. 派生： picture v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to oneself) form a mental image of sth; imagine sth 想像或设想某事物: He pictured to himself what it might be like to live in Java. 他想像要是生活在爪哇的情形. * I can't picture the village without the old church. 我无法设想村子里没有那座旧教堂像什麽样子. 2 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] make a picture of (sth/sb) 画（某物[某人]）的画; 给（某物[某人]）拍照: They were pictured against a backgroundof flowers. 他们在画中背景有很多花. 复合： `picture-book n book with many pictures, esp one for children 图画书（尤指为儿童阅读的）. `picture-card n (in a pack of playing-cards) card with a picture on it, ie the king, queen or knave; court-card （纸牌中的）人像牌（即K、 Q、 J）. `picture-gallery room or building in which paintings are exhibited 绘画陈列室; 画廊. ,picture `postcard postcard with a picture on one side 美术明信片.

picturesque
[7piktFE'resk; 7piktFE'resk] adj 1 forming a pretty scene; charming or quaint 美如画的; 迷人的; 奇特有趣的: * a picturesque fishing village in the bay 风景如画的海湾渔村 * a picturesque setting 别致有趣的背景. 2 (of language) strikingly expressive; vivid （指语言）绘声绘色的, 生动的. 3 (of a person, his appearance,his manner, etc) strange or unusual; eccentric （指人、 外貌、 举止等）奇持的, 异常的, 古怪的: * a picturesque figure in her flowery hat and dungarees 她戴着花帽子穿着粗蓝布工作服的怪样子. > picturesquely adv. picturesqueness n [U].

piddle
[5pidl; 5pidl] v [I] (infml 口) urinate 撒尿. 派生： piddle n [U, C] (infml 口) urine 尿: dog piddle 狗尿 * The puppy has done a piddle on the carpet. 小狗在地毯上撒了一泡尿.

piddling
[5pidliN; 5pidliN] adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] (infml derog 口, 贬) (a) unimportant; trivial 不重要的; 琐碎的: * I don't want to hear all the piddling little details! 我不想听那些琐碎的事! (b) small 小的: * It's annoying to have to get authorization for spending such piddling amounts of money. 花这麽一点钱也要去请示, 真烦人.

pidgin
[5pidVin; 5pidVin] n any of several languages resulting from contact between European traders and local peoples, eg in W Africa and SE Asia, containing elements of the local language(s) and esp English,French or Dutch, and still used for internal communication洋泾眤语: * speak in pidgin 讲洋泾眤话 * [attrib 作定语] pidgin English, ie language derived from English and another language 洋泾眤英语. Cf 参看 creole.

pie
[pai; pai] n [C, U] 1 (a) (Brit) meat or fruit encased in pastry and baked in a (usu deep) dish 排; 肉馅排; 果馅排: * an apple pie 苹果排 * Have some more pie. 再吃点排吧. (b) (US) meat or fruit cooked in a pastry-lined dish, with or without a covering of pastry （有盖或无盖的）肉馅排, 果馅排. Cf 参看 flan, tart2. 2 (idm 习语) easy as pie => easy1. eat humble pie => eat. have a finger in every pie => finger. ,pie in the `sky (infml 口) hoped-for or planned event that is very unlikely to happen 希望中的或计画中的事情（不大可能实现的）: * Their ideas about reforming the prison system are just pie in the sky. 他们打算改革监狱制度的想法纯粹是空中楼阁. 复合： `pie chart diagram consisting of a circle divided into sections that represent specific proportions of the whole, eg in order to show spending in various areas as part of total expenditure 圆形统计图; 饼分图. =>illus at chart 见chart插图. piecrust[5paikrQst; 5pai7krQst] n [U] baked pastry covering on a pie 排的盖或皮. ,pie-`eyed adj (infml 口) drunk 醉的.

piebald
[5paibC:ld; 5pai7bCld] adj (of a horse) covered with irregularly-shaped patches of two colours, usu black and white （指马）有花斑的, （通常指）有黑白斑的. Cf 参看 skewbald. 派生： piebald n piebald horse or pony （黑白）花斑马.

piece
1[pi:s; pis] n 1 [C usu pl 通常作复数] (used esp after the preps in, into, to 尤用於介词in、 into、 to之後) (a) any of the parts of which sth is made 部件; 部分: * He lost one of the pieces of his model engine. 他的火车头模型缺了一个零件. * The table is made in five pieces. 这桌子是五部分组成的. * pull sth/take sth/come to pieces 拆散某物[散成碎块] * The furniture is delivered in pieces and you have to assemble it yourself. 家具送货时是散件的, 得自己装配. (b) any of the portions into which sth breaks 碎片; 碎块; 断片: * The vase shattered into a thousand pieces. 花瓶已经粉碎了. * The cup lay in pieces on the floor. 地上是那杯子的碎片. * break, hack, pull, smash, tear sth to pieces 打碎、 劈碎、 扯碎、 砸碎、 撕碎某物 * The boat (was) smashed to pieces on the rocks. 船触礁而撞碎了. 2 [C] ~ (of sth) (a) amount of a substance (separated or broken from a larger piece) （从大物体上分离下来的）块, 片, 段, 截: * buy a piece of glass to fit the window frame 买块玻璃安窗户 * put a piece of wood on the fire 向火里添块木头 * get a piece of grit in one's eye 眼里迷进一粒沙子 * a piece (ie a slice) of bread, cake, meat, etc 一块面包、 蛋糕、 肉等. (b) amount or area of sth, esp for a particular purpose （某物质的）块, 片, 段, 截（尤指有某用途的）: * a piece of chalk, ie for writing with 一枝粉笔 * a piece of land, ie for farming or building on 一块地（耕地或建 用地） * a piece (ie a sheet) of paper 一张纸. =>Usage 见所附用法. 3 [C] ~ of sth (a) single instance or example of sth （事情的）项, 桩, 条: * a piece of advice, information, luck, news, treachery 一个忠告、 一项信息、 一件幸事、 一则新闻、 一宗背叛事件 * a fine piece of work 一部好作品. (b) single article; item 件; 个: * a piece of furniture, jewellery, luggage, porcelain 一件家具、 珠宝、 行李、 瓷器.

piece de resistance
[ 9pjes dE re5zIstB:ns; ?@ -9rezI5stB:ns; pi9ZsdErE9zi`stBns] n (pl pieces de resistance/,pjes dE-; pi9ZsdE-/) (French 法) (a) (esp of creative work) the most important or impressive item （尤指创造性的工作）主要项目, 得意之作: * The architect's piece de resistance was the City Opera House. 这位建 师的最得意之作是市歌剧院. (b) (at a meal) the most impressive (usu the main) dish1(2) （一餐中的）主菜.

piece1
4 [C] (a) (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) any of the parts of a set 一套中的任何一件、 一部分:a jigsaw with 1000 pieces 有一千块板片的拼图玩具 * a three-piece suite, ie a sofa and two armchairs 叁件一套的沙发（一张长沙发及两张单座沙发） * a 50-piece orchestra, ie with 50 players 50人的管弦乐队. (b) any of the small objects or figures used in board games, esp in chess 棋子. 5 [C] standard length of cloth, wallpaper, etc as an item for sale （按标准长度整件出售的布、 壁纸等的）匹, 卷, 条: * cloth sold by the piece 按匹发售的布. 6 [C] ~ (of sth) (a) (in art, music, etc) single work or composition （艺术品、 音乐等的）幅, 篇, 首: * a piece of music, poetry, sculpture 一支乐曲、 一首诗、 一件雕刻. (b) essay or newspaper article 文章; 报道: * Did you read her piece in today's paper? 你看过今天报纸上她那篇文章吗? 7 [C] coin 硬币: * a ten-pence piece 十便士硬币 * a five-cent piece 五分硬币 * a piece of eight, ie an old Spanish silver coin 一个西班牙旧时银币. 8 [C usu sing 通常作单数] (infml becoming dated derog 口, 渐旧, 贬) woman or girl 女人; 丫头: * a nice little piece 小乖妞儿 * Do you know the piece he was with last night? 你认识昨晚和他一起的那个女人吗? 9 [C] (dated 旧) (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) gun 枪; 炮: * a `fowling-piece, ie a gun for shooting wildfowl 鸟枪. 10 [sing] (US infml 口) distance 距离: * His house is over there a piece. 他的房子在那边, 离这儿有一段距离. 11 (idm 习语) a bit/piece of tail => tail. bits and pieces => bit1. give sb a piece of one's `mind (infml 口) tell sb frankly what one thinks, esp when one disapproves of his behaviour 坦诚相告（尤指不满对方行为）. go (all) to `pieces (of a person) have a breakdown; lose control of oneself （指人）（精神、 身体方面）崩溃, 失去自制力:

piece2
* After the car accident, she seemed to go to pieces. 撞车事故後, 她好像精神崩溃了. * He went to pieces when they told him the tragic news. 人们告诉他那悲惨的消息後, 他已六神无主了. in one `piece (of a person) unharmed, esp after a dangerous experience （指人）无恙, 平安, （尤指）脱险: * They were lucky to get back in one piece. 他们安全返回, 十分幸运. a nasty piece of work => nasty. (all) of a piece with sth (a) consistent with sth 与某事物一致: * The new measures are all of a piece with the government's policy. 新措施和政府的政策完全一致. (b) of the same substance or character as sth 与某物同一物质或同一性质. pick/pull sb to `pieces criticize sb, esp when they are absent 批评, 痛斥某人（尤指背後）. pick/pull sth to `pieces argue against sth; find fault with sth 批驳某事; 吹毛求疵. pick up the pieces/threads => pick3. ,piece by `piece one part at a time 一块一块地: * The bridge was moved piece by piece to a new site. 把那桥一段一段地运到了新址. a piece/slice of the action => action. a ,piece of `cake (infml 口) thing that is very easy 容易的事: * The exam paper was a piece of cake. 那份试卷十分容易. * Persuading him to give us the day off won't be a piece of cake. 要说通他放我们假可不是容易事. a piece of goods => goods. say one's piece => say. take a piece out of sb reprimand sb severely 痛斥某人. the villain of the piece => villain. 复合： `piece-work n [U] work paid for by the amount done and not by the hours worked 计件工作. `piece-worker n. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: The word piece can often be replaced by a more specific word *piece一词常可用较具体的词替换: a slice of bread 一片面包 * a bar of soap 一块肥皂. Please consult the relevant entry to find the correct word for the item concerned. 查阅与物品搭配用的确切量词, 请参考有关词条.

piecemeal
[5pi:smi:l; 5pis7mil] adv piece by piece; a part at a time 一块一块地; 一件一件地; 零碎地: * work done piecemeal 一部分一部分做完的工作. 派生： piecemeal adj arriving, done, etc piecemeal 一块一块的; 一件一件的; 零碎的: I've only had a piecemeal account of what happened. 我对发生的事情只有支离破碎的了解.

pied
a-terre

pier
[piE(r); pir] n 1 (a) structure of wood, iron, etc built out into the sea, a lake, etc so that boats can stop and take on or put down passengers or goods （伸入海、 湖等的）码头; 突码头. Cf 参看 jetty. (b) similar structure built as a promenade at a seaside resort, often with a restaurant and places of entertainment on it （供散步游乐的）突堤（常设有餐厅及娱乐场所）. =>illus 见插图. 2 one of the pillars supporting an arch or a span of a bridge 桥墩. 3 wall between two windows or other openings 窗间壁; 户间壁; 扶壁.

pierce
[piEs; pirs] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] (a) (of sharp-pointed instruments) go into or through (sth) （指尖物）刺入, 刺透（某物）: * The arrow pierced his shoulder. 那枝箭刺入他的肩膀. * (fig 比喻) Her suffering pierced their hearts, ie moved them deeply. 她遭受的苦难使他们心如刀绞. (b) make a hole in or through (sth), esp with a sharp-pointed instrument 在（某物）上扎眼、 穿孔: * pierce holes in leather before sewing it 先在皮子上扎眼然後再缝 * pierce the skin of cooking sausages with a fork 用叉子在要烹调的香肠上扎孔 * She had her ears pierced so that she could wear ear-rings. 她已扎了耳朵眼好戴耳环. 2 [Tn] (of light, sound, etc) penetrate (sth) （指光、 声等）透入, 进入（某处）: * Her shrieks pierced the air. 她尖锐的叫声直刺云天. * The beam of the searchlight pierced the darkness. 探照灯的光柱射入黑暗中. 3 [Ipr] ~ through sth force a way into sth; penetrate sth 穿入、穿过或进入某处: * Earth-moving equipment pierced through the jungle. 推土机穿过丛林. 派生： piercing adj (a) (of voices, sounds, etc) shrill; penetrating （指声音等）尖锐的, 刺耳的: a piercing shriek 尖锐的叫声. (b) (of wind, cold, etc) bitter; penetrating （指风、 寒冷等）刺骨的, 穿透的: a piercing chill, breeze 透心的寒冷、 沁人心脾的微风. piercingly adv: a piercingly cold wind 刺骨寒风.

pierrot
[5piErEu; 7piE'ro] n (fem 阴性作 pierrette/ pIE5ret; pi`rZt/) 1 (also Pierrot) character in French pantomime 法国童话剧中的角色. 2 (esp formerly) member of a group of entertainers performing esp at seaside resorts, dressed in loose white clothes and with whitened faces （尤指旧时）穿肥大的白衣涂白脸的表演者（尤指在海滨娱乐场的）.

pieta
[7pi:e'ta:; pie'ta] n (Italian 意) painting or sculpture of the Virgin Mary holding the dead body of Christ on her lap 圣母怜子（圣母马利亚抱耶稣遗体於膝上的画像或雕像）.

piety
[5paiEti; 5paiEti] n (a) [U] devotion to God and respect for religious principles; being pious （对上帝的）虔敬, 虔诚: * filial piety, ie respect for and obedience to a parent 孝顺. (b) [C] act showing this 虔敬; 虔诚.

piezo
electric

piffle
[5pifl; 5pifl] n [U] (infml derog 口, 贬) meaningless or worthless talk; nonsense 废话; 无聊的话: * You're talking piffle! 你胡说八道! 派生： piffling[5pifliN; 5pifliN] adj (infml derog 口, 贬) (a) trivial 琐碎的: * piffling complaints 无谓的牢骚. (b) very small; worthless 极小的; 无价值的: * He got paid a piffling sum after weeks of work. 他工作数周所得甚微.

pig
[pig; pig] n 1 (a) [C] domestic or wild animal with short legs, cloven hooves and a broad blunt snout 猪;野猪. Cf 参看 boar, hog 1, sow1, swine. (b) (also `pig-meat) [U] its flesh as meat, ie bacon, ham or pork 猪肉. 2 [C] (infml derog 口, 贬) (a) dirty, greedy, inconsiderate or ill-mannered person 肮脏的、 贪婪的、 不顾别人的或粗野的人: * Don't be such a pig! 别这麽贪心! * You pig! 你可真脏! * Some drivers are real pigs. 有些人开车真粗野. (b) difficult or unpleasant thing, task, etc 困难的或讨厌的事情: * a pig of a job, day, exam 讨厌的工作、 日子、 考试. 3 (a) [C] oblong mass of metal (esp iron or lead) from a smelting furnace 金属锭; （尤指）铁锭, 铅锭. (b) [U] = pig-iron. 4 [C] (dated sl 旧, 俚) policeman （男）警察. 5 (idm 习语) buy a pig in a poke => buy. make a `pig of oneself (infml 口) eat or drink too much 吃得或喝得过多. make a `pig's ear (out) of sth (infml 口) do sth badly; make a mess of it 弄糟或弄乱某事物. pig/piggy in the `middle person who is caught eg between two people who are fighting or arguing, and suffers because of it 夹在打架或争吵双方之间的人; 受夹板气的人. ,pigs might `fly (saying 谚) (used to express disbelief 用以表示对某事不相信) miracles may happen but they are extremely unlikely 即使能有奇迹也不太可能出现: * Tom give up smoking? Yes, and pigs might fly! 汤姆戒烟? 嘿, 能有这种事儿! 派生： pig v (-gg-) 1 [Tn] ~ oneself (infml 口) overeat greedily 贪食过量. 2 (idm 习语) `pig it/pig to`gether live or behave in a dirty or untidy way 生活或行为方面邋遢. piggery[5pigEri; 5pigEri] n (a) place where pigs are bred 猪圈; 养猪场. (b) pig-farm 养猪场. (c) pigsty 猪圈. piggish[5pigiF; 5pigiF] adj (a) like a pig 像猪的. (b) dirty or greedy 肮脏的; 贪婪的. piggishly adv. piggishness n [U].

pig1
piggy[5pigi; 5pigi] n (infml 口) little pig 小猪. adj (infml 口) piggish 像猪的; 肮脏的; 贪婪的: * He has piggy eyes! 他的眼睛像猪的眼睛似的! `piggyback adv, n = pick-a-back. `piggy bank money-box, usu shaped like a pig, with a slot for putting in coins 扑满, 储蓄罐（通常为猪形）. 复合： ,pig`headed adj stubborn 顽固的; 固执的. ,pig`headedly adv. ,pig`headedness n [U]. `pig-iron n [U] impure form of iron from a smelting furnace 生铁. `pigskin[-skin; -7skin] n [U] (leather made from a) pig's skin 猪皮革: * [attrib 作定语] a ,pigskin `briefcase 猪 皮公事包. `pigsty[-stai; -stai] (also sty) n 1 (US `pigpen) building in which pigs are kept 猪圈. =>illus 见插图. 2 (infml 口) very dirty or untidy place 肮脏或邋遢的地方: * He makes a pigsty of the kitchen whenever he does the cooking. 他一做饭就把厨房弄得很脏. `pigswill[-swil; -7swil] n [U] = swill n 2.

pigeon
[5pidVin; 5pidVEn] n 1 (a) [C] any of several types of wild or tame bird of the dove family 鸽子: * a`carrier-/`homing-pigeon, ie one trained to carry messagesor to race as a sport 信鸽. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page iv. (b) [U] flesh of a wild pigeon eaten as food 野鸽肉: * [attrib 作定语] pigeon pie 鸽肉排. 2 (idm 习语) `one's pigeon (infml 口) one's responsibility or business 自己的责任或事情: * I don't care where the money comes from: * that's not `my pigeon. 我不管钱从哪儿来, 那不是我的事. put/set the cat among the pigeons => cat1. 复合： `pigeon-breasted adj (of a person) having a deformed chest with the breastbone curving outwards （指人）鸡胸的. `pigeon-hole n any one of a set of small open boxes, esp in a desk, for keeping papers in, or fixed on a wall for messages, letters, etc （文件或信件的）分类格架. v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] 1 put (papers, etc) in a pigeon-hole (and ignore or forget them) 将（文件等）放进分类架中（置之不理或搁置）: The scheme was pigeon-holed after a brief discussion. 那计画草议後就搁置一边了. 2 classify or categorize (sth) esp in a rigid manner 将（某事物）分类、 归档（尤指硬性地）: She felt her son had been pigeon-holed as a problem child. 她认为自己的儿子硬被划入了有问题儿童之列. `pigeon-toed adj (of a person) having toes that turn inwards （指人）足趾内翻的.

piglet
[5piglit; 5piglit] n young pig 小猪. =>illus at pig 见pig插图.

pigment
[5pigmEnt; 5pigmEnt] n 1 [U, C] colouring matter used for making dyes, paint, etc 颜料: * pigment in powder form 颜料粉 * mix pigment with oil 把颜料与油混合 * They used only natural pigments to dye the wool. 他们只用天然颜料染毛. 2 [U] colouring matter occurring naturally in the skin, hair, etc of living beings 色素. 派生： pigmentation[7pigmen'teiFn; 7pigmEn'teFEn] n [U] colouring of the skin, hair, etc by pigment 色素沉着: * The disease causes patches of pigmentation on the face. 这种疾病能引起面部色素斑沉着.

pigmy
= pygmy.

pigtail
[5pigteil; 5pig7tel] n plait of hair that hangs from the back of the head 辫子. =>illus at plait 见plait插图.

pike
1[paik; paik] n type of spear with a long wooden handle, formerly used as a weapon by soldiers on foot 矛. 复合： `pikestaff[-sta:f; -7stAf] n 1 wooden handle of a pike （木制的）矛柄. 2 (idm 习语) plain as a pikestaff => plain1.

pilaff
[pi'lAf; - -'la:f; pE'laf] (also pilaf, pilau/pi'lau; pi'lau] ) n [U, C] oriental dish of steamed rice, vegetables and spices, often with meat or fish 肉饭（有蔬菜和佐料的东方风味蒸饭, 常有肉或鱼）.

pilaster
[pi'lAstE(r); pE'lAstl] n rectangular column, esp an ornamental one set into a wall and partly projecting from it 长方柱; （尤指）壁柱, 半露柱.

pilchard
[5piltFEd; 5piltFld] n small sea-fish similar to a herring, eaten as food 沙丁鱼.

pile
1[pail; pail] n heavy column of wood, metal or concrete placed upright in the ground or the sea-bed as a foundation for a building, support for a bridge, etc （桥梁等的）桩. 复合： `pile-driver n machine for forcing piles into the ground 打桩机.

pilfer
[5pilfE(r); 5pilfl] v [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (sth) (from sb/sth) steal (sth, esp of small value or in small quantities) 偷窃（尤指价值低的或少量的东西）; 小偷小摸: * He was caught pilfering. 他行窃当场被抓住. * She had been pilfering from the petty cash for months. 她多月来一直从零用现金中偷钱. 派生： pilferer[5pilfErE(r); 5pilfErl] n. pilferage[5pilfEridV; 5pilfEridV] n [U] (a) action of pilfering 小偷小摸. (b) loss caused by pilfering, esp during transport or storage of goods 被窃的损失（尤指货物在运输或贮藏中发生的）: * Pilferage in the warehouse reduces profitability by about two per cent. 仓库中的失窃使利润损失了百分之二.

pilgrim
[5pilgrim; 5pilgrEm] n person who travels to a holy place as an act of religious devotion 朝圣者; 香客: * pilgrims on their way to Mecca 赴麦加的朝圣者 * pilgrims visiting the shrine 到圣徒墓地朝圣的人. 派生： pilgrimage[-idV; -idV] n 1 [C, U] journey made as a pilgrim 朝圣之行: * go on/make a pilgrimage to Benares 到贝拿勒斯朝圣 * Santiago de Compostela was an important place of pilgrimage in the Middle Ages. 中世纪圣地亚哥一德孔波斯特拉是朝圣的要地. 2 [C] journey made to a place associated with sb/sth one respects 到敬仰的某人[某事物]处之行: * a pilgrimage to Shakespeare's birthplace 到莎士比亚诞生地的参谒. 复合： the Pilgrim `Fathers (also the Pilgrims) name given to the English Puritans who went to America in1620 and founded the colony of Plymouth, Massachusetts1620年到美洲创立麻省普里茅斯殖民地的英国清教徒.

pill
[pil; pil] n 1 [C] small ball or flat round piece of medicine made to be swallowed whole 药丸; 药片: * a vitamin pill 维生素丸 * He has to take (ie swallow) six pills a day until he recovers. 他每天要服六粒药丸直到痊愈. 2 the pill (also the Pill) [sing] (infml 口) artificialhormone in pill form taken regularly to prevent conception; oral contraceptive 口服避孕药: * be/go on the pill, ie be/start taking contraceptive pills regularly 正[开始]按时服用避孕药 * do research on the side-effects of the pill 研究口服避孕药的副作用. 3 (idm 习语) a bitter pill => bitter. sugar/sweeten the pill make sth unpleasant seem less unpleasant 降低某事物令人厌恶的程度. 复合： `pillbox n 1 small round box used as a container for pills 药丸盒; 药片盒. 2 small concrete shelter for soldiers, often partly underground, from which a gun may be fired 混凝土射击掩体; 碉堡. 3 small round hat 小圆帽.

pillage
[5pilidV; 5pilidV] n [U] (fml 文) (esp formerly) stealing or damaging of property, esp by soldiers in war （尤指旧时）掠夺, 抢劫（尤指战时士兵所为）. Cf 参看 loot, plunder. 派生： pillage v [I, Tn] rob (sb/sth) of goods, crops, etc with violence, as in war 掠夺, 抢劫（某人[某处]的物品、 庄稼等）（如於战时）: The town was pillaged by the invading army. 入侵的军队将该市掠夺一空. pillager[-IdVE(r); -IdVL/ n person who pillages 掠夺者; 抢劫者.

pillar
[5pilE(r); 5pill] n 1 (a) upright column of stone, wood, metal, etc used as a support or an ornament, a monument, etc 柱子; 支柱. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page viii. (b) thing in the shape of this 柱形物: * a pillar of cloud, fire, smoke, etc 云柱、 火柱、 烟柱. 2 ~ of sth strong supporter of sth （某事物的）强大支持者: * a pillar of the Church, the establishment, the faith 教会、 统治集团、 该信仰的拥护者 * a scandal involving several pillars (ie respected members) of society 涉及几个社会要人的丑闻 * She was a pillar of strength to us (ie supported us strongly) when our situation seemed hopeless. 在我们近乎绝望之际, 她给了我们有力的支持. 3 (idm 习语) (go) from ,pillar to `post (go) from one person or thing to another (esp in an unsatisfactory or upsetting way) 到处奔走; （尤指）到处碰壁: * She was driven from pillar to post and each person she spoke to was more unhelpful than the last. 她被迫四处奔走求救於人, 但愿意帮她的人一个不如一个. 复合： `pillar-box n (Brit) public post-box in the shape of a pillar about five feet high and painted bright red 邮筒, 信筒（柱形, 约五英尺高, 大红色）: [attrib 作定语] pillar-box red 邮筒的红色.

pillion
[5piliEn; 5piljEn] n seat for a passenger behind the driver of a motor cycle 摩托车後座: * [attrib 作定语] pillion passenger/seat 摩托车後座坐着的人[座位]. > pillion adv: * ride pillion, ie ride on the pillion 坐在摩托车後座上.

pillory
[5pilEri; 5pilEri] n wooden framework with holes for the head and hands, into which wrongdoers were locked in former times, so that they could be publicly ridiculed 枷. =>illus 见插图. 派生： pillory v (pt, pp -ried[-lErid; -lErid] ) [Tn] attack or ridicule (sb) in public 公开攻击或嘲笑（某人）: * She was pilloried in the press for her extravagant parties. 她的聚会十分铺张, 新闻界对她大加揶揄.

pillow
[5pilEu; 5pilo] n (a) cushion used to support the head, esp in bed 枕头: * sit in bed propped up with pillows 靠着枕头坐在床上. (b) anything on which one rests one's head when sleeping 睡觉时枕着的任何物件: * He was found asleep on a pillow of leaves and moss. 有人看见他枕着树叶和苔藓睡着了. 派生： pillow v [Tn] rest or support (sth) on or as if on a pillow 将（某物）放在枕头等物上; 以枕头等支撑（某物）: He pillowed his head on her lap. 他把头枕在她的大腿上. 复合： `pillowcase (also `pillowslip) n removable washablecover made of cotton, linen, etc for a pillow 枕套. `pillow-fight n mock fight between children using pillows as weapons 儿童用枕头打闹的游戏.

pilot
[5pailEt; 5pailEt] n 1 person who operates the controls of an aircraft （飞行器的）驾驶员; 飞行员. 2 person with special knowledge of a canal, the entrance to a harbour, etc who is licensed to guide ships through them （船舶的）领航员, 领港员. 3 person or thing acting as a guide 作向导的人或事物. 派生： pilot adj [attrib 作定语] done as an experiment, esp on a small scale, to test sth before it is introduced on a large scale 试验性的; 试点的: a `pilot project, study, survey, etc 试验性工程、 研究、 勘察等 * a pilot edition of a new language course 新语言教程的试用版 * a pilot scheme to vaccinate children against German measles 为儿童接种抗风疹疫苗的试验计画. pilot v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (through sth) (a) act as a pilot of sth 驾驶（飞行器）; （为船）引航: pilot a plane 驾驶飞机 * pilot a ship through the Panama Canal 引领一船通过巴拿马运河. (b) guide sb/sth 带领、 指引或引导某人[某事物]: pilot sb through a crowd 带领某人穿过人群. (c) (in Parliament) make sure that sth (esp a bill) is successful （在议会中）使（尤指法案）顺利通过: pilot a bill through the House 使法案在议会中获得通过. 2 [Tn] test (sth) by means of a pilot scheme 试行, 试用（某事物）: Schools in this area are piloting the new maths course. 这一带的学校正试用新的数学教程. 复合： `pilot-boat n boat that takes a pilot to a ship at sea 领航船（送领航员到轮船上的小船）. `pilot-fish n type of small fish that accompanies ships or swims together with sharks, etc 引水鱼, 舟 （跟随船或鲨等的小鱼）. `pilot-light (also `pilot-burner) n small flame that burns continuously, eg on a gas cooker or boiler, and lights a larger burner when the gas is turned on 引火火苗（如为引燃煤气用具的常燃火苗）. `Pilot Officer (Brit) officer in the Royal Air Force below the rank of Flying Officer 英国皇家空军少尉. =>App 9 见附录9.

pimento
[pi'mentEu; pi'mento] n (pl ~s) 1 (a) (also allspice) [U] dried aromatic berries used as a spice 多香果（乾後用作香料）. (b) [C] West Indian tree on whichthese grow 多香果树（产自西印度）. 2 (also pimiento/ pI5mjentEU; pI`mjZnto/) [C] sweet pepper; capsicum 甜辣椒; 番椒.

pimp
[pimp; pimp] n (a) (also pander) man who finds customers for a prostitute or a brothel （为妓女、 男妓或妓院）拉皮条的男子. (b) man who controls prostitutesand lives on the money they earn 妓院男老板. 派生： pimp v [I, Ipr] ~ (for sb) find customers (for a prostitute or brothel); act as a pimp （指男子为妓女、 男妓或妓院）拉客, 拉皮条; 当拉皮条的.

pimpernel
[5pimpEnel; 5pimpl7nel] n wild plant with small, star-shaped, scarlet, blue or white flowers that close up in wet or cloudy weather 海绿（矮小野生植物, 花星形, 呈红、 蓝或白色, 阴雨天闭合）.

pimple
[5pimpl; 5pimpl] n small raised inflamed spot on the skin 丘疹; 小脓秙; 粉刺: * a pimple on one's chin 下巴上的小脓秙 * teenage pimples 青少年长的粉刺. 派生： pimpled adj having pimples 有丘疹、 小脓秙或粉刺的: a pimpled back 长丘疹的背. pimply[5pimpli; 5pimpli] adj 1 having pimples 有丘疹、 小脓秙或粉刺的: * a pimply face 长粉刺的脸 * pimply skin 有丘疹的皮肤. 2 (infml derog 口, 贬) (of a person) immature （指人）未成熟的: * I don't want to speak to some pimply youth, I want to see the manager! 我不想和小青年说话, 我要见经理!

pinafore
[5pinEfC:(r); 5pinE7fCr] n loose sleeveless garmentworn over clothes to keep them clean; apron 连胸围裙. =>illus at apron 见apron插图. 复合： `pinafore dress dress without sleeves or a collar, worn over a blouse or sweater 无袖或无领的连衣裙.

pince
nez

pincer
[5pinsE(r); 5pinsl] n 1 [C] either of the pair of curved claws of certain types of shellfish, eg lobsters,crabs, etc （甲壳动物的）螯（如龙虾、 蟹等的）. 2 pincers[pl] tool made of two crossed pieces of metal and used for pulling nails, etc out of wood 钳子: * a pair of pincers 一把钳子. =>illus 见插图. 复合： `pincer movement military attack on an enemy position by forces advancing from two sides 钳形攻势; 钳形突击.

pinch
[pintF; pintF] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] (a) take or hold (sth) in a tight grip between the thumb and finger 捏, 掐（某物）: * He pinched the child's cheek playfully. 他捏那孩子的脸颊玩. (b) hurt (sb) by holding his flesh in this way 掐, 捏, 拧（某人）: * The child was crying because somebody had pinched her. 那孩子哭了, 因为有人掐她. * I was so amazed I had to pinch myself in case it was all a dream. 我非常惊讶, 连忙掐了自己一把看是否这一切都是一场梦. (c) have (sth) in a tight grip between two hard things that are pressed together 夹紧（某物）: * The door pinched my finger as it shut. 关门时把我手指夹住了. 2 [I, Tn] (esp of shoes) hurt (sb) by being too tight （尤指鞋）夹痛（某人）, 夹脚: * These new boots pinch (me). （我 觉得）这双新靴子挤脚. 3 [Tn] ~ sth (from sb/sth) (infml 口) take sth without the owner's permission; steal sth 擅自拿走或偷窃某物: * He's been pinching money from the cashbox. 他一直在偷钱箱里的钱. * Who's pinched my dictionary? 谁把我的词典拿去了? 4 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (sl 俚) (of the police) catch and arrest (sb) （指警察）捉住, 逮捕（某人）: * He was still carrying the stolen goods when he was pinched. 抓住他的时候他身上还带着赃物. * get pinched for driving while drunk 因醉酒开车被逮住. 5 (idm 习语) pinch and `save/`scrape live in a very miserly way 省吃俭用: * Her parents pinched and scraped so that she could study singing abroad. 她父母省吃俭用好让她出国学习声乐. Cf 参看 scrimp and save (scrimp). 6 (phr v) pinch sth off/out remove sth by pinching 掐掉某物: * pinch out the weak shoots on a plant 掐掉植物上发育不良的芽 * pinch off the dead flowers 掐掉凋谢的花. 派生： pinch n 1 act of pinching; painful squeeze 捏; 掐; 拧; 夹; 挤: She gave him a pinch (on the arm) to wake him up. 她掐了他（胳膊）一下, 把他叫醒.

pinch1
2 as much as can be held between the tips of the thumb and forefinger 能捏住或掐住的量: a pinch of chilli powder 一捏辣椒粉 * Put another pinch of tea in the pot. 往茶 里再捏点茶叶. 3 (idm 习语) at a `pinch just possibly, in a case of necessity 必要时: We can get six people round this table at a pinch. 必要时这张桌子可以坐六个人. feel the pinch => feel1. if it ,comes to the `pinch in a case of necessity or in an emergency 必要时; 紧急时: If it comes to the pinch, we shall have to sell the house. 实在不行我们只好把房子卖了. take sth with a pinch of salt think that sth is not likely to be true; not wholly believe sth 认为某事物不大可能属实; 对某事物半信半疑. pinched adj (a) ~ (with sth) suffering (from sth); wretched （因某事物）受苦的, 受罪的, 痛苦的: be pinched with cold/poverty 受冻[穷] * look pinched/have a pinched look, ie drawn or haggard 愁眉苦脸. (b) [pred 作表语] ~ for sth not having enough of sth 不足; 缺乏: pinched for money, space, time 金钱、 空间、 时间不足.

pinchbeck
[5pintFbek; 5pintFbek] n [U] alloy of copper and zinc that looks like gold and is used in cheap jewellery, etc 金色铜, 铜锌合金（仿金合金, 用以制廉价首饰等）. 派生： pinchbeck adj imitation; sham 仿造的; 假的.

pine
1[pain; pain] n (a) [C] (also `pine tree) any of several types of evergreen tree that bear cones and have needle-shaped leaves growing in clusters 松树: * [attrib 作定语] pine-scented, ie (esp of a deodorant, disinfectant, soap, etc) smelling of pines 有松树香味的（尤指除臭剂、 消毒剂、 香皂等）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page i. (b) [U] its pale soft wood, used in making furniture, floors, window frames, etc 松木: * [attrib 作定语] a pine dresser 松木碗橱. 复合： `pine-cone n fruit of the pine 松球; 松果. `pine-needle n leaf of the pine 松针; 松叶.

pineal
[5painiEl; 5painiEl] adj shaped like a pine-cone 松球状的. 复合： ,pineal `gland cone-shaped gland in the brain 松果腺; 松果体.

pineapple
[5painApl; 5pain7Apl] n (a) [C, U] large juicy tropical fruit with sweet yellow flesh and a prickly skin 凤梨; 菠萝: * fresh/tinned pineapple 新鲜的[罐头的]菠萝 * [attrib 作定语] `pineapple juice 菠萝汁. =>illus at fruit 见fruit插图. (b) [C] tropical plant that bears this fruit 凤梨（植物）.

ping
pong

pinion
1[5piniEn; 5pinjEn] n (fml 文) 1 (a) outer segment of a bird's wing （鸟翼的）翼梢. (b) (dated 旧) bird's wing 鸟翼; 翅膀. 2 any of the stiff feathers which support a bird when it is flying; flight-feather 飞羽; 拨风羽. 派生： pinion v 1 [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sb/sth against/to sth; ~ sth together bind or hold (sb or sb's arms) to prevent him moving 绑住或固定住（某人或某人的胳膊）: They were pinioned against the wall by the lorry. 那辆卡车把他们挤到墙根动弹不得. * He was held with his arms pinioned together behind his back. 他被捉住反剪着双臂. 2 [Tn] cut off the pinions from (a bird or its wing) to prevent it from flying 剪去（鸟或鸟翼）的飞羽.

pink
1[piNk; piNk] adj 1 of a pale red colour 粉红色的; 淡红色的: * rose/salmon pink walls 淡玫瑰红的[浅橙色的]墙壁 * go/turn pink with confusion, embarrassment, etc 因困惑、 尴尬等而脸红. 2 (infml 口) having slightly left-wing political views 略带左翼政治观点的. Cf 参看 red2. 3 (idm 习语) be tickled pink/to death => tickle. 派生： pink n 1 [U] (clothes of a) pink colour 粉红色（的衣物）: Pink is her favourite colour. 她喜欢的颜色是粉红色. * dressed in pink 穿着粉红色的衣服. 2 [C] garden plant with sweet-smelling pink, crimson or variegated flowers 石竹. 3 (idm 习语) in the pink (of condition/health) extremely healthy; in perfect condition 极健康; 极佳状况: The children all looked in the pink after their holiday. 孩子度假後个个红光满面. pinkish adj fairly pink 略呈粉红色的: a pinkish glow 略带粉红色的光泽. 复合： `pink-eye n [U] infectious disease causing inflammation of the surface of the eye; conjunctivitis 红眼病; 传染性结膜炎. ,pink `gin drink of gin flavoured (and coloured slightly pink) with angostura bitters 苦味杜松子酒（含安古苦味汁, 略呈粉红色）.

pinkie
(also pinky)[5piNki; piNki] n (Scot or US 苏格兰或美) the smallest finger of the human hand; the little finger （手的）小指.

pinnace
[5pinis; 5pinis] n small motor boat carried on a ship for taking people ashore, loading goods, etc 船载艇, 舰载艇（用以载客上岸、 装运货物等）. Cf 参看 lighter2.

pinnacle
[5pinEkl; 5pinEkl] n 1 small pointed ornament built on to a roof or buttress （屋顶或扶壁上的）小尖塔, 尖顶. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page viii. 2 high pointed rock or mountain peak 尖锥形岩石; 山峰; 高峰. 3 (fig 比喻) highest point; peak 顶点; 顶峰: * the pinnacle of one's career, fame, success, etc 事业、 声誉、 成功等的顶峰.

pinnate
[5pineit; 5pinet] adj (botany 植) (of a leaf) formed of a stem with a row of small leaves on either side （指叶）羽状的.

pinny
[5pini; 5pini] n (infml 口) pinafore 连胸围裙: * Where's my kitchen pinny? 我厨房用的围裙在哪儿呢?

pint
[paint; paint] n 1 (abbr 缩写 pt) (a) (Brit) unit of measure for liquids and some dry goods, --- of a gallon (equal to 0.568 of a litre) 品脱（液量或某些乾量的计量单位, 等於---加仑, 或0.568升）: * a pint of beer, milk, shrimps 一品脱啤酒、 牛奶、 小虾. (b) (US) similar measure (equal to 0.473 of a litre) 品脱（等於0.473升）. =>App 5 见附录5. 2 this quantity of (esp) milk or beer 一品脱（尤指）牛奶或啤酒: * They stopped at the pub for a pint. 他们到酒店喝了一品脱的啤酒. 3 (idm 习语) put a quart into a pint pot => quart. 复合： `pint-sized adj (infml 口) very small 极小的.

pinto
[5pintEu; 5pinto] n (pl ~s) (US) horse with irregular markings of two or more colours; piebald 有花斑的马; （通常指）有黑白斑的马. 派生： pinto adj mottled 斑驳的; 杂色的: `pinto beans 斑豆.

pioneer
[7paiE'niE(r); 7paiE'nir] n 1 (a) person who is among the first to go into an area or country to settle or work there 拓荒者; 开发者: * land cleared by the pioneers 拓荒者开垦的土地 * [attrib 作定语] pioneer wagons 拓荒者的四轮大车. (b) person who goes into previously unknown regions; explorer 探险者: * pioneers in space 探索宇宙空间的人. 2 person who is the first to study a new area of knowledge 探索新知识领域的人: * They were pioneers in the field of microsurgery. 他们是显微外科学领域的创始人. * [attrib 作定语] pioneer work 探索新知识领域的工作. 3 any one of a group of soldiers who go into an area in advance of an army to clear paths, make roads, etc 工兵. 派生： pioneer v 1 [I] act as a pioneer(1a) 当拓荒者; 当开发者. 2 [Tn] open up (a way, etc) 开辟（道路等）: pioneer a new route to the coast 开辟通往海岸的新路线. 3 [Tn] be the first person to develop (new methods); help the early development of (sth) 倡导（新方法）; 促进（某事物）的初期发展: She pioneered the use of the drug. 是她最先使用的这种药品.

pious
[5paiEs; 5paiEs] adj 1 having or showing a deep devotion to religion （对宗教）虔诚的. 2 (derog 贬) hypocritically virtuous 假虔诚的; 虚伪的: * He dismissed his critics as pious do-gooders who were afraid to face the facts. 他把批评他的人斥之为不敢面对事实的假善人. > piously adv. piousness n [U].

pip
1[pip; pip] n seed, esp of a lemon, an orange, an apple, a pear or a grape 种子（尤指柠檬、 橙子、 苹果、 梨或葡萄的）.

pipal
(also peepul)[5pi:pEl; 5pipEl] n large Indian fig-tree 菩提树（印度产）.

pipe
1[paip; paip] n 1 [C] (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) tube through which liquids or gases can flow 管子: * a `water-pipe * a `gas-pipe * a `drain-pipe * the `windpipe, ie air-passage in the body. 2 [C] (a) (also to`bacco pipe) narrow tube with a bowl at one end, used for smoking tobacco 烟斗: * smoke a pipe 吸烟斗 * [attrib 作定语] `pipe tobacco 烟斗丝. (b) (also pipeful[-ful; -ful] ) amount of tobacco this can hold 一烟斗的烟丝. 3 [C] (music 音) (a) wind instrument consisting of a tube with holes that are covered and uncovered by the fingers to make musical notes 管乐器: * pipes of Pan, ie pan-pipes 排箫. (b) each of the tubes from which sound is produced in an organ （管风琴的）音管. (c) pipes [pl] = bagpipes. 4 [C] (sound of a) whistle used by a boatswain 水手长吹的哨子（声）. 5 [C] song or note of a bird 鸟鸣; 鸟鸣声. 6 [C] (contents of a) cask which can hold about 105 gallons of wine 大酒桶（约容105加仑）; 一大酒桶的量. 7 (idm 习语) put `that in your pipe and smoke it (infml 口) you have to accept what I have said, whether you like it or not 我说的话不管你喜欢不喜欢都得听: * I'm not giving up my holiday to suit you, so you can put that in your pipe and smoke it! 我不打算放弃我的假日来迁就你, 你不听也得听! 复合： `pipeclay n [U] fine white clay used (esp formerly) for making tobacco pipes and for whitening leather, etc 白陶土（尤於旧时用以制烟斗、 使皮革增白等）. `pipe-cleaner n flexible piece of wire covered with soft material, for cleaning inside a tobacco pipe 烟斗通条（清除烟垢用的）. `pipe-dream n hope or plan that is impossible or unworkable 不切实际的希望; 行不通的计画. `pipeline n 1 series of connected pipes, usu underground,for conveying oil, gas, etc to a distant place （长距离输送油、 气等的）管道（通常指地下的）.

pipe1
2 (fig 比喻) channel of information or supply, esp direct, privileged or confidential （信息或供应的）渠道, 途径（尤指直接的、 基於特权而获得的或秘密的）: a pipeline to head office, the Prime Minister, the manufacturer 联系总部、 首相、 厂商的渠道. 3 (idm 习语) in the `pipeline (a) (of goods, orders, etc) being dealt with; on the way （指货物、 定单等）在处理或运送中. (b) (of changes, laws, proposals, etc) being prepared or discussed; about to happen （指变化、 法令、 建议等）在准备、 讨论或酝酿中, 即将发生: New laws to deal with this abuse are in the pipeline. 正在制定处理这种弊端的新法令.

piper
[5paipE(r); 5paipl] n 1 person who plays on a pipe, esp the bagpipes 吹奏者; （尤指）风笛吹奏者. 2 (idm 习语) he who pays the piper calls the tune => pay.

pipette
[pi'pet; pi'pet] n (esp in chemistry) slender tube, usu filled by sucking, used in a laboratory for transferring or measuring small quantities of liquids （尤 指用於化学实验的）吸（量）管; 移液管.

piping
[5paipiN; 5paipiN] n [U] 1 (a) (system of) pipes, esp for water or drains 管道, 管道系统, 管道设备（尤指给水或排水的）: * The piping will need to be renewed. 这套管子该换了. (b) pipe of a certain length 一段管子: * ten feet of lead piping 十英尺长的铅管. 2 (a) folded strip of fabric, often enclosing a cord, used to decorate the edges or seams of a garment, cushion, etc 花饰边, 绲边（常包有绳）. (b) cord-like lines of icing or whipped cream used to decorate a cake, etc （巧克力、 奶油等的）线条（用以装饰蛋糕等）. 3 (sound made by) playing a pipe1(3a) 吹奏管乐器（的声音）: * We heard their piping in the distance. 我们听见他们在远处吹奏的笛声. 派生： piping adj 1 (esp of a person's voice) high-pitched （尤指人声）尖声的, 声调高的. 2 (idm 习语) piping `hot (of liquids, food) very hot （指液体、 食物）烫的: a bowl of soup served piping hot 滚烫的一碗汤.

pipit
[5pipit; 5pipit] n type of small songbird resembling a lark 鹨.

pippin
[5pipin; 5pipin] n type of apple that can be eaten raw 苹果.

piquant
[5pi:kEnt; 5pikEnt] adj 1 having a pleasantly sharp taste 辛辣而开胃的: * Bland vegetables are often served with a piquant sauce. 清淡的蔬菜常以辛辣的沙司调味. 2 pleasantly exciting and stimulating to the mind 令人兴奋的; 刺激的: * a piquant bit of gossip 有趣的闲谈. 派生： piquancy[-Ensi; -Ensi] n [U] quality or state of being piquant 辛辣; 刺激; 兴奋: * the delicate piquancy of the soup 那汤的香辣可口. piquantly adv.

pique
[pi:k; pik] v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] 1 hurt the pride or self-respect of (sb); offend 伤害（某人）的自尊心; 冒犯: * She seemed rather piqued. 她似乎很生气. * He was piqued to discover that he hadn't been invited. 他因未被邀请而觉受辱. 2 arouse (a person's interest or curiosity) 引起（兴趣）; 产生（好奇心）: * Her curiosity was piqued. 她产生了好奇心. 派生： pique n [U] feeling of annoyance or hurt, usu because one's pride has been offended; resentment 恼怒, 生气（通常指自尊心受到伤害）; 怨恨: When he realized nobody was listening to him, he left the room in a fit of pique. 他发觉谁也没听他讲话, 一气之下就走了. * Out of pique they refused to accept the compromise offered. 他们气得拒不接受对方提出的妥协建议.

piquet
[pi'ket; pi'ket] n [U] card-game for two players, played with a pack of 32 cards 皮克牌（用32张牌二人玩的牌戏）.

piranha
[pi'ra:njE; pi'ranjE] n any of various types of small tropical American freshwater fish which attack and eat live animals 锯脂鲤, 比拉鱼（南美淡水小鱼, 能掠食活动物）.

pirate
[5paiErEt; 5pairEt] n 1 (a) (esp formerly) person on a ship who attacks and robs other ships at sea （尤指旧时）海盗: * [attrib 作定语] a pirate crew, ship, flag 海盗团伙、 船、 旗. (b) (esp formerly) ship used for this purpose （尤指旧时）海盗船. Cf 参看 corsair. 2 person who copies illegally sth protected by copyright, esp in order to sell it 侵犯版权非法复印或复制者, 盗印者, 盗制者（尤指为出售）: * [attrib 作定语] a pirate edition, video, tape, etc 盗印版、 盗制的录像带、 盗制的录音带. 3 (a) (also pirate `radio) radio station that broadcasts without a licence (esp from a ship) 无执照电台（尤指从船上播音的）: * interference with radio reception caused by pirates 无执照电台造成的无线电接收干扰. (b) broadcaster on an illegal radio station 无执照电台的广播员. 派生：piracy[5paiErEsi; 5pairEsi] n (a) [U] robbery by pirates (pirate 1a) 海盗的掠夺. (b) [U] illegal copying or broadcasting 非法复制或广播. (c) [C] instance of either of these 非法复制或广播. pirate v [Tn] illegally use or reproduce (printed or recorded material which is protected by copyright), esp for profit 非法窃用或复制（有版权的印刷品或录制的材料）（尤指为牟利）: a pirated edition of the plays 戏剧集的盗印本. =>Usage at smuggle 用法见smuggle. piratical[7paiE'rtikl; pai'rAtikl] adj of or in the manner of a pirate 海盗的; 海盗式的; 盗印的; 盗制的. piratically[-kli; -kli] adv.

pirouette
[7piru'et; 7piru'et] n rapid turn or spin made by a ballet-dancer while balanced on the point of the toe or the ball of the foot （跳芭蕾舞者的）单足旋转. 派生： pirouette v [I] perform a pirouette or pirouettes （跳芭蕾舞时）用单足旋转.

piscatorial
[7piskE'tC:riEl; 7piskE'tCriEl] adj 1 of or concerning fishing or fishermen 渔业的; 渔民的. 2 (of a person) enthusiastic about fishing （指人）爱钓鱼的.

Pisces
[5paisi:z; 5paisiz] n 1 [pl] the twelfth sign of the zodiac, the Fishes 双鱼官（黄道第十二宫）. 2 [C] person born under the influence of this sign 属双鱼宫星座的人. > Piscean n, adj. =>Usage at zodiac 用法见zodiac. =>illus at zodiac 见zodiac插图.

piss
[pis; pis] v ( sl 讳, 俚) 1 (a) [I] pass urine; urinate撒尿. (b) [Tn] ~ oneself make oneself wet when doing this 尿湿自己: * (fig 比喻) piss oneself laughing, ie laugh uncontrollably 笑得止不住. (c) [Tn] pass (blood) with urine 尿（血）: * piss blood 尿血. 2 (phr v) piss (sb) about/around act (towards sb) in a foolish, time-wasting or deliberately unhelpful way （对某人）胡闹、 浪费时间或故意捣乱: * Stop pissing about and get on with your work. 别再胡闹了, 干你的事去吧. * We were pissed around for hours before they finally gave us the right form. 他们浪费了我们好几个小时, 最後才把那份表格给我们. piss down rain heavily 下大雨. piss off (esp Brit) (used esp as a command) go away （尤用作命令）滚开. piss sb off (esp passive 尤用於被动语态) annoy or bore sb 使某人恼怒或厌烦: * Everybody is pissed off (with all the changes of plan). 大家（对计画的诸多变动）均感厌烦. 派生： piss n ( sl 讳, 俚) 1 (a) [U] urine 尿. (b) [C esp sing 尤作单数] (act of) urination 撒尿: go for/have a piss 去撒尿. 2 (idm 习语) take the `piss (out of sb) make fun (of sb) 取笑（某人）. pissed adj ( Brit sl 讳, 俚) 1 drunk 醉. 2 (idm 习语) (as) pissed as a `newt very drunk 大醉.

pistachio
[pi'sta:FiEu; - -AFiEu; pis'tAFi7o] n (pl ~s) (a) (also pi`stachio nut) nut with a green edible kernel 阿月浑子, 开心果（其仁色绿, 可吃）: * [attrib 作定语] pistachio ice-cream 开心果冰激凌. (b) tree on whichthis nut grows 阿月浑子树. (c) (also pistachio `green) colour of this kernel 开心果绿; 淡草绿色.

piste
[pi:st; pist] n (French 法) track of firm snow for skiing on 滑雪道.

pistil
[5pistl; 5pistl] n female seed-producing part of a flower 雌蕊.

pistol
[5pistl; 5pistl] n 1 type of small gun, held and fired with one hand 手枪: * an automatic pistol 自动手枪. =>illus at gun 见gun插图. 2 (idm 习语) hold a pistol to sb's head (try to) force sb to do sth he does not want to do by using threats 胁迫某人做某事物.

piston
[5pistEn; 5pistn] n 1 round plate or short cylinder,usu made of metal or wood, that fits closely inside another cylinder or tube and moves up and down or backwards and forwards inside it; used eg in steam or internal combustion engines to cause other parts to move by means of a connecting rod (`piston-rod) 活塞. =>illus 见插图. 2 sliding valve in a trumpet or other brass wind instrument （铜管乐器上的）活门. 复合： `piston-engined adj (of an aircraft) having engines with pistons, not jet engines （指飞机）有活塞发动机的（非喷气式的）. `piston ring split metal ring that fits into a groove on the rim of a piston to make a gas-tight seal 活塞环.

pit
a-pat

pit1
10 the pit [sing] (Bible or rhet 《圣经》或修辞) hell 地狱. 11 [C] hole dug as a trap for wild animals; pitfall （捕猎野兽用的）陷阱. 12 (idm 习语) be the pits (infml 口 esp US) be very bad or the worst example of sth 极坏; 最糟糕: * The comedian's performance was the pits! 这喜剧演员的表演糟透了! * The food in this restaurant is the pits! 这家饭馆的东西难吃极了! 派生： pit v (-tt-) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr esp passive 尤用於被动语态] ~ sth (with sth) make pits (pit 5) or hollows in sth 使某物上有凹陷、 有麻点: Acid had pitted the surface of the silver. 酸把银器的表面腐蚀了. * a face pitted with smallpox 麻子脸 * The surface of the moon is pitted with craters. 月球表面有很多环形坑. 2 (phr v) pit sb/sth against sb/sth test sb/sth in a struggle or competition with sb/sth 使某人[某事物]与他人[他事物]较量: pit one's wits against the bureaucracy of the tax office 与税务局的官僚作风斗智 * pit oneself against the reigning champion 与本届冠军较量. 复合： `pit-head n entrance of a coal-mine and the offices, machinery, etc in the area around it 煤矿井口处及周围的办公室、 机械设备等: [attrib 作定语] a pit-head ballot,ie a vote, esp about union matters, taken by miners at the pit-head （矿工的）井口投票表决（尤指关於工会事宜）. `pit pony pony used (esp formerly) underground in a mine to pull heavy loads （尤指旧时的）矿井下运输用的小马. `pit-prop n prop used to support the roof of a part of a coal-mine from which coal has been removed （煤矿的）坑木, 支柱.

pitch
1[pitF; pitF] n [U] 1 black substance made from coal tar, turpentine or petroleum which is sticky and semi-liquid when hot, and hard when cold, and is used to fill in cracks or spaces, eg between the planks of a floor or of a ship's deck, to make roofs waterproof, etc 沥青. 2 (idm 习语) black as ink/pitch => black. 复合： ,pitch-`black adj completely black 乌黑的. ,pitch-`dark adj (a) with no light at all 黑暗无光的. (b) completely black 乌黑的. the ,pitch-`dark n [U] state of complete darkness 黑暗: We couldn't see our way in the pitch-dark. 我们在黑暗中看不见路. `pitch-pine n [U, C] (wood of a) type of pine-tree which gives off a lot of resin 刚松（木）.

pitchblende
[5pitFblend; 5pitF7blend] n [U] black shiny mineral ore which is the main source of uranium and radium 沥青铀矿.

pitcher
1[5pitFE(r); 5pitFl] n (a) (esp Brit) large (usu earthenware) container for liquids, with one or two handles and a lip for pouring （单柄或双柄, 带嘴的, 通常为陶制的）大罐, 大壶. (b) (US) jug 罐.

piteous
[5pitiEs; 5pitiEs] adj (fml 文) arousing or deservingpity 值得同情的; 可怜的: * a piteous cry, sight, story 值得同情的哭声、 情景、 事情 * in a piteous condition 可怜的境地. > piteously adv. piteousness n [U].

pitfall
[5pitfC:l; 5pit7fCl] n 1 unsuspected danger or difficulty 意想不到的危险或困难: * This text presents many pitfalls for the translator. 这篇文字有很多潜在的难点, 译者稍一不慎就要出错. 2 = pit1 11.

pith
[piW; piW] n 1 [U] (a) soft spongy substance that fills the stems of certain plants, eg reeds （木）髓（某些植物茎中的海绵样组织, 如芦苇的茎髓）. (b) similar substance inside the skin of oranges, etc （柑橘等果皮肉的）类似髓的组织. 2 [sing] (fig 比喻) the ~ of sth most important or essential part of sth; essence 最重要部分; 精髓: * That was the pith of his argument. 那就是他论据的重点. 派生： pithy adj (-ier, -iest) 1 concise and full of meaning; terse 精练的; 简洁的: a pithy description of the event 对事件的简明扼要的叙述 * a pithy comment, remark, saying, etc 简要的评论、 话、 谚语等. 2 of, like or full of pith(1) 有髓的; 似木髓的; 多髓的. pithily[-ili; -ili] adv in a pithy(1) manner 精简地; 简洁地. pithiness n [U] state of being pithy(1) 精练; 简洁: * Her work is known for pithiness of style. 她的作品以简洁着称. 复合： `pith hat (also `pith helmet) hat made of dried pith(1a) worn (esp formerly) to protect the head from the sun 木髓制的遮阳帽（尤指旧时用的）.

pitiable
[5pitiEbl; 5pitiEbl] adj 1 deserving or arousing pity 令人怜悯的; 可怜的: * in a pitiable state 处境可怜 * pitiable misery 令人哀怜的不幸. 2 deserving contempt 可鄙的: * a pitiable attempt to save himself from disgrace 他为保全面子的卑鄙做法 * a pitiable lack of talent 可鄙的无能. > pitiably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv.

pitiful
[5pitifl; 5pitifEl] adj 1 arousing pity 令人怜悯的; 可怜的: * a pitiful condition, invalid, sight 可怜的情形、 病人、 情景 * Their suffering was pitiful to see. 他们受的苦让人见了感到同情. 2 deserving contempt 可鄙的: * pitiful efforts, excuses, lies 卑劣的做法、 藉口、 谎言 * a pitiful coward 可鄙的胆小鬼. 派生： pitifully[-fEli; -fli] adv 1 in a pitiful(1) manner 令人怜悯地: * pitifully injured 伤得很惨 * The child was pitifully thin. 那孩子瘦得可怜. 2 in a pitiful(2) manner 可鄙地: * a pitifully bad performance 可鄙的拙劣表演.

pitiless
[5pitilis; 5pitilis] adj 1 showing no pity or mercy; cruel 无怜悯心的; 无情的; 残酷的: * a pitiless killer, bandit, tyrant, etc 残酷的杀手、 匪徒、 暴君等 * pitiless retribution, revenge, etc 无情的报应、 复仇等. 2 (fig 比喻) very harsh or severe; unrelenting 严酷的; 严厉的; 冷酷的: * a scorching, pitiless sun 灼人烈日 * the pitiless winds of a Siberian winter 西伯利亚冬天凛冽的寒风. > pitilessly adv. pitilessness n [U].

piton
[5pi:tCn; 5pitan] n (sport 体) metal spike or peg, with a ring at one end to hold a rope, that is hammered into a rock or a crack between rocks to support a rope or climber （登山者用的）钢锥（顶端有环可穿绳索）.

Pitot tube
[5pi:tEu tju:b; - -tu:b; 5pito 7tub] n (propr 专利名) small tube, open at one end, used in instruments that measure fluid pressure or velocity 皮托管（用以测量流体压力或速度的管）.

pitta
[5pitE; 5pitE] n [U] (also pita, `pitta bread) type of bread in flat loaves, eaten esp in Greece and the Middle East 希腊人和中东人食用的一种扁平的面包.

pittance
[5pitns; 5pitns] n (usu sing 通常作单数) very small or insufficient amount of money paid or received as wages or an allowance 微薄的工资或津贴: * work all day for a mere pittance 为菲薄的报酬整天工作 * She could barely survive on the pittance she received as a widow's pension. 她靠着极少的孤寡抚恤金仅够 口.

pitter-patter
= pit-a-pat.

pituitary
[pi'tju:itEri; - -tu:Eteri; pi'tuE7teri] n (also pi`tuitary gland) small gland at the base of the brain which secretes hormones that influence growth and development 垂体; 脑下垂体.

pity
[5piti; 5piti] n 1 [U] ~ (for sb/sth) feeling of sorrow caused by the suffering, troubles, etc of others 同情; 怜悯: * be full of/filled with pity for sb 十分同情某人 * be moved to pity by sb's suffering 受某人的痛苦所感动而产生同情 * do sth out of pity for sb, ie because one feels pity for him 出於怜悯为某人做某事 * feel very little pity for sb 不太可怜某人. 2 [sing] ~ (that...) cause for mild regret or sorrow (but not a real disaster) 遗憾的事; 可悲的事: * It's a pity the weather isn't better for our outing today. 我们今天出去游玩天气不见好, 真遗憾. * What a pity that you can't come to the theatre with us tonight. 你今晚不能和我们一起去看戏, 真可惜. * The pity (of it) is that..., ie The regrettable thing is that... 遗憾的是.... 3 (idm 习语) have pity on sb show mercy towards sb 对某人表示同情或怜悯. ,more's the `pity (infml 口) unfortunately 真不幸: * `Did you insure the jewels before they were stolen?’ `No, more's the pity!’ ‘你那些被窃的珠宝买保险了吗?’‘没有, 真倒霉!’ take pity on sb help sb because one feels pity for him 出於同情或怜悯而帮助某人. 派生： pity v (pt, pp pitied) [Tn] 1 feel pity for (sb) 对（某人）感到同情或怜悯: Pity the poor sailors at sea in this storm! 可怜可怜在这场风暴中在海上航行的那些倒霉的水手吧! * Survivors of the disaster who lost their relatives are much to be pitied. 灾难中丧失亲人的幸存者很值得同情. 2 feel contempt for (sb) 觉得（某人）可鄙: I pity you if you think this is an acceptable way to behave. 你要是认为这种行为可以原谅, 那你就太可鄙了. * I pity you (ie I am threatening you) if you can't pay me the money by tomorrow. 你明天不把钱还给我, 我就不客气了. pitying adj (a) expressing pity 同情的; 怜悯的: He lay helpless in the street under the pitying gaze of the bystanders. 他零零地躺在路边, 旁观的人都投以怜悯的目光.

pity1
(b) showing pity and some contempt 表示同情或怜悯并带有一些鄙夷的: The performer received only pitying looks from his audience. 从观众的表情看, 那表演者得到的只是同情和怜悯. pityingly adv.

pivot
[5pivEt; 5pivEt] n 1 central point, pin or shaft on which sth turns 中心点; 支点; 枢; 枢轴. 2 (fig 比喻) central or most important person or thing 中心的或最重要的人或事物: * Because her job had been the pivot of her life, retirement was very difficult. 因为她的工作一向是她生命的支柱, 所以退休後的日子很不好过. * That is the pivot of the whole argument. 这是整个论据的关键. =>illus at scale 见scale插图. 派生： pivot v 1 (a) [I, Ipr] ~ (on sth) turn (as) on a pivot （似）在枢轴上转动: The doll pivots at the waist and neck. 那洋娃娃的腰和颈可以转动. * She pivoted on her heels and swept out. 她一转身, 匆匆走了出去. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] provide (sth) with a pivot; mount on a pivot 给（某物）安枢轴; 装於枢轴上. 2 (phr v) pivot on sth(no passive 不用於被动语态) (of an argument, etc) dependon sth central or essential; hinge on sth （指论证等）取决於某中心或要点, 随某事物而转移: The whole discussion pivots on this one point. 整个讨论内容均以此点为准. pivotal[-tl; -tl] adj 1 of or forming a pivot 轴的; 作为旋轴的. 2 (fig 比喻) of great importance because other things depend on it; central （因受其他事物的依附）极重要的, 关键的, 中心的: * a pivotal decision 重要的决策.

pixie
(also pixy)[5piksi; 5piksi] n small elf or fairy (eg in children's fairy-tales) 小精灵, 小仙子（如童话中的）.

pizza
[5pi:tsE; 5pitsE] n [C, U] Italian dish consisting of a flat (usu round) piece of dough covered with tomatoes, cheese, anchovies, etc and baked in an oven 意大利饼（饼上覆蕃茄、 奶酪、 等, 在烤箱中烘制）.

pizzicato
[7pitsi'ka:tEu; 7pitsi'kato] adj, adv (music 音) (played) by plucking the strings of a violin, etc instead of using the bow （提琴等）用指弹拨（的）, 拨奏（的）. 派生： pizzicato n (pl ~s) note or passage (of music) (to be) played in this way 拨奏的音符或（乐曲的）片段.

Pk
abbr 缩写 = (esp on a map 尤用作地图上的标记) Park: St (ie Saint) James' Pk 圣．詹姆斯公园.

pkg
abbr 缩写 = package.

pkt
abbr 缩写 = packet: 1 pkt cigarettes 一包香烟.

Pl
abbr 缩写 = (esp on a map 尤用作地图上的标记) Place: St (ie Saint) James' Pl 圣．詹姆斯街.

placard
[5plAka:d; 5plAkard] n written or printed notice (designed to be) publicly displayed, eg by being fixed to a wall or carried on a stick 布告; 招贴; 海报; 标语牌; 告示牌: * The placards condemned the government's action. 那些标语牌上写着谴责政府措施的词句. =>illus at flag 见fla插图. 派生： placard v [Tn] 1 stick placards on (sth) 将布告、 海报或标语张贴於（某处）. 2 announce (sth) by using placards （用布告、 海报等）公布（某事）.

placate
[plE'keit; - 'pleikeit; 5pleket] v [Tn] make (sb) less angry; soothe or pacify 安慰, 抚慰（某人）; 使（某人）平静、 息怒. 派生： placatory/plE'keitEri; - 'pleikEtC:ri; 5plekE7tCri] adj designed to placate or having this effect 安慰的; 抚慰的; 和解的: * placatory remarks 安抚的话.

place
1[pleis; ples] n 1 [C] particular area or position in space occupied by sb/sth 地方; 场所; 所在地: * Is this the place where it happened? 这就是事发地点吗? * This place seems familiar to me I think I've been here before. 这地方好像很熟悉--大概我从前来过这里. * I can't be in two places at once. 我分身乏术. * He loves to be seen in all the right places, ie at all the important social events. 他喜欢在所有重大的社交场合上出头露面. 2 [C] city, town, village, etc 城、 镇、 村等: * We saw so many places on the tour I can't remember them all. 我们旅行到过很多地方, 我记都记不清. * This town is the coldest place in Britain. 这镇子是英国最寒冷的地方. * Australia is a big place. 澳大利亚这个地方很大. 3 [C] ~ (of sth) (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) building or area of land used for a particular purpose or where sth occurs （作某用途或发生某事的）建 物或场所: * a `meeting-place, `birthplace, `hiding-place, etc 会面地点、 出生地、 隐蔽所 * places of amusement/entertainment,ie theatres, cinemas, etc 娱乐场所（戏院、 影院等） * a place of worship, ie a church 礼拜的场所（教堂） * He can usually be contacted at his place of business/work. 通常可在他的办公[工作]地点和他联系. * a place of learning, eg a university 做学问的地方（如大学） * one's place of birth/death 出生[死亡]之地. 4 [C] particular spot or area on a surface 物体表面的某点或某处: * a sore place on my foot 脚的痛处 * The wall was marked with damp in several places. 那堵墙有几处潮斑. 5 [C] particular passage or point in a book, play, etc （书、 戏剧等的）某段落或某点: * The audience laughed in all the right places, eg in a play. 观众看到有趣处无不大笑不已（如在观剧时）. * Put a piece of paper in (ie in your book) to mark your place. 在你读到的地方夹上张纸条. 6 [C] seat or position, esp one reserved for or occupied by a person, vehicle, etc 座位或位置（尤指某人、 车等保留或占据的）:

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* Come and sit here I've kept you a place. 到这儿来坐--我给你占了一个座位. * There's only one place left in the car park. 停车场里只剩一个位置了. * the place of honour at the head of the table 餐桌上首的贵宾席 * There will always be a place for you here if you decide to come back. 只要你决定回来, 这里永远给你保留位置. * Return to your places and get on with your work. 各回各位去干自己的工作吧. * (fig 比喻) have an assured place in history 在历史上占有一定的地位 * I went to buy a newspaper and lost my place in the queue. 我去买了份报纸, 回来就找不到我排队中的位置了. =>Usage at space 用法见space. 7 [sing] rank, position or role in society (used esp with the vs shown) （社会的）等级, 地位, 身分（尤与所示动词连用）: * keep/know one's place 保持个人的地位[知道自己的身分] * forget one's place, ie not behave according to one's social position 举止与身分不合 * not be one's place (ie one's proper role) to give advice 无资格进言. 8 [C] (a) position or office, esp as an employee 职位或职务（尤指雇员的）: * She hopes to get a place in the Civil Service. 她希望获得一份公职. (b) opportunity to study at a school or university （在学校）学习或研究的机会: * She was awarded a place at the Royal College of Music. 她获得皇家音乐学院的学籍. * The ballet school offers free places to children who are exceptionally talented. 该芭蕾舞蹈学校给有特殊天赋的儿童提供免费学习的机会. (c) membership of a sports team 运动队员的资格或身分: * She worked hard for her place in the Olympic team. 她为进入奥林匹克运动队而努力. 9 [C] (a) natural or suitable position (for sth) （某物的）自然的或恰当的位置: * Put everything away in its correct place. 把东西放到该放的地方去. * (saying 谚) A place for everything and everything in its place. 物各有其位, 物各在其位.

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* The dustbin is the only place for most of these clothes. 这些衣服大都只配进垃圾箱. (b)(usu negative 通常用否定式) suitable or proper location (for sb to be) （某人的）相宜的或应在的地方: * A railway station is no place for a child to be left alone at night. 火车站可不是让儿童在晚上独自呆的地方. * City streets are no place to be if you don't like noise or crowds. 要是怕吵、 怕人多就别上街. 10 [C] (mathematics 数) position of a figure after a decimal point, etc （小数点後的）位:calculated/correct to 5 decimal places/5 places of decimals,eg 6.57132 计算[精确]到小数点後5位数（如6.57132）. 11 [C usu sing 通常作单数] (a) (in a competition) position among the winning competitors （竞赛中）获胜者的名次: * He finished in third place. 他得了第叁名. (b) (in horse-racing) position among the first three, esp second or third （赛马的）位置（获胜的前叁名, 尤指第二名或第叁名）: * Did you back the horse for a place or to win? 那匹马你买的是位置还是独赢? 12 [C] (a) house, esp a large one in the country 房子; （尤指）乡间巨宅: * They have a flat in town as well as a place in the country. 他们在城里有一套公寓, 在乡村还有一所房子. (b) (infml 口) home 家: * We're having the party at my place. 我们的聚会在我家举行. 13 Place [sing] (esp Brit) (a) (as part of a name for a short street, square etc 用於短街、 广场等名称中): * Langham Place 兰厄姆广场. (b) (as part of a name for a large country house 用於乡村巨宅的名称中): * Wakehurst Place 韦克赫斯特山庄. 14 (idm 习语) all `over the place (infml 口) (a) everywhere 到处: * Firms are going bankrupt all over the place. 各地的商行都纷纷破产了. (b) in an untidy state; disordered 凌乱; 紊乱; 杂乱: * The contents of the drawers were strewn all over the place. 抽屉里的东西乱七八糟.* Your hair is all over the place. 你的头发乱蓬蓬的. change/swap `places (with sb) (a) take sb's position, seat, etc and let him take one's own 与某人交换位置、 座位等:

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* Let's change places you'll be able to see better from here. 咱们换一下位置吧--你从这儿看清楚些. (b) be in sb else's situation or circumstances 在他人的处境或环境: * I'm perfectly happy I wouldn't change places with anyone. 我十分愉快--这种幸福我跟谁都不换. fall, fit, slot, etc into `place (of a set of facts or series of events) begin to make sense in relationship to each other （指一系列事实或事件）开始有头绪: * It all begins to fall into place. 一切开始明朗了. give place to sb/sth be replaced by sb/sth; give way to sb/sth 为某人[某事物]所取代; 让位给某人[某事物]: * Houses and factories gave place to open fields as the train gathered speed. 火车越开越快, 把房子和工厂抛在後面进入了一片开阔的田野. `go places (infml 口) be increasingly successful, esp in one's career 不断进展（尤指在个人事业上）: * two young people who are really going places 两个事业顺利的年轻人. have one's heart in the right place => heart. in the `first, `second, etc place (used eg when making points in an argument 用於如列举理由时) firstly, secondly, etc 第一点、 第二点等. in high places => high1. in `my, `your, etc place in my, your, etc situation or circumstances 处於我的、 你的等情况、 处境: * What would you do in my place? 你要是处於我的地位, 你怎样做? * In her place I'd sell the lot. 我要是她就全部卖掉. in `place (a) in the usual or proper position 在平常的或应在的地方: * She likes everything to be in place before she starts work. 她喜欢东西都摆好再开始工作. (b) suitable or appropriate 合适的; 恰当的: * A little gratitude would be in place. 应当略表谢意. in place of sb/sth; in sb's/sth's place instead of sb/sth 代替某人[某事物]: * The chairman was ill so his deputy spoke in his place. 主席有病, 所以由副主席代为致词. lay/set a `place put cutlery, dishes, etc for one person in position on the table 在餐桌上摆上一份一人用的餐具:

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* Set a place for him when you lay the table he may come after all. 铺桌子时给他摆上一份餐具--毕竟他有可能来. lightning never strikes in the same place twice => lightning. lose one's place => lose. out of `place (a) not in the usual or a correct or suitable place 不在平常的或应在的或适当的地方. (b) unsuitable; improper 不适合的; 不适当的: * Her criticisms were quite out of place. 她的批评太不相宜了. * Modern furniture would be out of place in a Victorian house. 在维多利亚时代式的房子里摆设现代家具很不谐调. a place in the `sun situation of equal or shared privilege 平等的或均等的有利地位或处境: * Nations that had been oppressed for centuries were now fighting for a place in the sun. 多少世纪以来受压迫的国家现在都在争取平等. pride of place => pride. put oneself in sb else's/sb's `place imagine oneself in sb else's situation or circumstances 设想自己处於他人的地位或处境. put sb in his (proper) `place humiliate sb who has been impertinent or boastful 对无礼的或自夸的人加以羞辱: * He tried to kiss her but she quickly puthim in his place. 他想要吻她, 她顿时让他自讨没趣. take`place occur; happen 发生: * When does the ceremony take place? 仪式什麽时候举行? * We have never discovered what took place (between them) that night. 我们从未发觉那天晚上（他们之间）发生了什麽事情. =>Usage at happen 用法见happen. take sb's/sth's place; take the place of sb/sth replace sb/sth 代替某人[某事物]: * She couldn't attend the meeting so her assistant took her place. 她不能出席会议, 所以由助手替她. * Nothing could take the place of the family he had lost. 他失去了家庭, 这一损失是无法弥补的. there's ,no place like `home (saying 谚) one's home is the best place to be 哪里也不如自己的家. 复合： `place-bet n (in horse-racing) bet that a horse will be one of the first three past the winning-post （赛马的）位置赌（赌某匹马可跑得第一、 第二或第叁名）.

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`place-kick n (in Rugby football) kick made after the ball has been placed on the ground for that purpose （橄榄球的）定位踢（将球放在地上踢出者）. `place-mat n mat on a table on which a person's plates are laid （餐桌上用餐人的）餐具垫. `place-name n name of a city, town, hill, etc （城、 镇、 山等的）地名: an expert on the origin of place-names 地名考源专家. `place-setting n set of cutlery, dishes, etc for one person （供一人使用的）一套餐具.

placebo
[plE'si:bEu; plE'sibo] n (pl ~s) 1 (medical 医) harmless substance given as if it were medicine to calm a patient who mistakenly believes he is ill 安慰剂: * [attrib 作定语] placebo effect, ie beneficial effect of taking a placebo 宽慰作用（服安慰剂後的）. 2 thing done or said only to please or humour sb 使人宽慰的事物; 安慰话.

placenta
[plE'sentE; plE'sentE] n (pl -tae[-ti:; -ti] or ~s) (anatomy 解) organ lining the womb during pregnancy by which the foetus is nourished through the umbilical cord, and which is expelled after birth 胎盘. > placental[-tl; -tl] adj: * a placental mammal 有胎盘哺乳动物.

placid
[5plAsid; 5plAsid] adj (a) calm and peaceful; undisturbed 安静的; 平静的; 宁静的: * the placid watersof the lake 平静的湖水. (b) (of a person, his temperament,etc) not easily excited or irritated （指人、 性情等）温和的, 文静的: * a placid smile 恬静的微笑. > placidly adv: * cows placidly chewing grass 静静地吃着青草的母牛. placidity/plE'sidEti; plE'sidEti] n [U]: * the placidity of his temperament 他温和的性情.

placket
[5plAkit; 5plAkit] n opening in a woman's skirt to make it easier to put on and take off （裙子的）开口.

plagiarize, plagiarise
[5pleidVEraiz; 5pledVE7raiz] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sb/sth) take (sb else's ideas, words, etc) and use them as if they were one's own 剽窃, 抄袭（他人的意念、 言词等）: * Whole passages of the work are plagiarized. 那作品整段整段都是剽窃的. * He has plagiarized most of the book from earlier studies of the period. 他那本书大部分都是从研究那个时期的着作中剽窃的内容. 派生： plagiarism[-rizEm; -rizEm] n (a) [U] action of plagiarizing 剽窃; 抄袭: * be accused of plagiarism 被控剽窃. (b) [C] instance of this 剽窃; 抄袭. plagiarist[-rist; -rist] n person who plagiarizes 剽窃者; 抄袭者.

plaice
[pleis; ples] n (pl unchanged 复数不变) type of flat-fish with reddish spots, eaten as food 鲽（有红斑的比目鱼, 可食）.

plaid
[plAd; plAd] n (a) [C] long piece of woollen cloth, worn over the shoulders by Scottish Highlanders （苏格兰高地人用的毛呢的）长披肩. (b) [U] cloth (usu with a tartan pattern) used for this, and for kilts, etc （用作长披肩、 男子短裙等的）毛呢, （通常为）格子呢: * [attrib 作定语] a plaid kilt （苏格兰男子穿的）格子呢短裙. (c) [C] tartan pattern for cloth 布料的格子图案.

plain
1[plein; plen] adj (-er, -est) 1 easy to see, hear or understand; clear 清楚的; 明白的; 易懂的; 清晰的: * The markings along the route are quite plain. 路线沿途的标志都十分清楚. * in plain English 用浅近的英语 * He made it plain (to us) that he did not wish to continue. 他向我们明白表示他不想继续下去. * She made her annoyance plain. 她已怒形於色. 2 (of people or their actions, thoughts, etc) not trying to deceive; frank and direct （指人、 其行为、 思想等）率直的, 坦率的, 直接的: * in plain words, ie frankly 明言 * a plain answer 直截了当的回答 * the plain truth 明显的事实 * Let me be plain with you, ie speak openly and frankly: * There will have to be some plain speaking. 让我开诚布公跟你说吧. 得公开而明白地谈一谈. 3 (a) not decorated or luxurious; ordinary and simple 不矫饰的; 素的; 普通的; 平凡的; 简单的: * a plain but very elegant dress 素而极雅致的连衣裙 * plain food/cooking, ie not spicy or rich 清淡的食物[烹调风味] * plain cake, ie without fruit, etc 纯蛋糕（无水果等配料的） * plain chocolate, ie made without adding milk 纯巧克力. (b) without a pattern or marking on it 没有图案或花纹的: * plain paper, ie without lines 无格纸 * plain fabric, ie without a pattern or design 素的织物 * under plain cover, ie in an envelope without any special marking 在普通信封中（无特殊标记）. 4 not beautiful or good-looking 不漂亮的; 不好看的: * a few rather plain bits of furniture 几件很不起眼的家具 * From a rather plain child she had grown into a beautiful woman. 她从一个相貌平平的女孩成长为一个漂亮的妇人. 5 (idm 习语) in plain `English bluntly or simply expressed 用直率的或简单明了的英语: * If you wanted me to go why didn't you say so in plain English instead of making vague hints? 你想叫我走, 为什麽拐弯抹角而不直说? make oneself plain make one's meaning clear 表达清楚:

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* There is no more money do I make myself plain? 再也没钱了--我的意思清楚吗? (as) plain as a pikestaff/the nose on one's face very obvious or clearly visible 一清二楚; 显然易见; 明摆着的事. (all) ,plain `sailing course of action that is simple and free from trouble 十分顺利; 一帆风顺: * Once the design problems were solved, it was all/everything was plain sailing. 设计问题一经解决, 就容易办了. 派生： plain adv (esp US) (a) clearly 清楚地: speak plain 清楚地说. (b) absolutely; simply 绝对地; 简直: That is just plain stupid. 那简直是愚不可及. plainly adv (a) clearly 清楚地: The mountain tops are plainly visible from the village. 自该村望去, 群山之巅清晰可见. * Try to express yourself more plainly. 尽量表达得清楚些. (b) obviously 显然: That is plainly wrong. 那显然不对. * You are plainly unwilling to co-operate. 你显然不愿合作. * He was plainly unwelcome. 他显然不受欢迎. plainness n [U]. 复合： ,plain `clothes (esp of police officers) ordinary clothes, not uniform （尤指警察的）普通衣服, 便衣: The detectives were in plain clothes. 警探穿着便衣. `plain-clothes adj wearing plain clothes 穿便衣的: a plain-clothes detective 便衣侦探. ,plain `dealing honesty; straightforwardness 诚实; 直率. ,plain `flour flour that does not contain baking powder 不含发酵粉的普通白面. Cf 参看 self-raising flour. ,plain-`spoken adj frank in speech, often to the point of rudeness; outspoken 说话坦率的（常近於粗俗的）; 直言的.

plainchant
[5pleintFa:nt; - 'pleintFAnt; 5plen7tFAnt] (also `plainsong[-sCN; -7sCN] ) n [U] medieval type of church music for a number of voices singing together, used in the Anglican and Roman Catholic Churches 素歌（中世纪的宗教合唱曲, 为圣公会及天主教所采用）.

plaint
[pleint; plent] n (law 律) charge made against sb in court; accusation 起诉; 诉状.

plaintiff
[5pleintif; 5plentif] (also complainant) n person who brings a legal action against sb 原告. Cf 参看 defendant.

plaintive
[5pleintiv; 5plentiv] adj sounding sad; sorrowful（听起来）哀伤的; 悲哀的: * a plaintive cry, melody, voice, etc 悲伤的哭泣、 曲调、 声音等. > plaintively adv. plaintiveness n [U].

plait
[plAt; plAt] (US braid) v [Tn] (a) weave or twist (three or more lengths of hair, straw, etc) under and over one another to make one rope-like length 将（发、 草等）编成辫: * plait one's hair 编辫子. (b) make (sth) by doing this 编（某物）: * plait a basket, cord, rope 编篮子、 绳、 索. 派生： plait n form made by plaiting 编成的东西; 辫子: wear one's hair in plaits/a plait 把头发编成辫子. =>illus 见插图.

plan
[plAn; plAn] n 1 ~ (for sth/doing sth); ~ (to do sth) arrangement for doing or using sth, considered or worked out in advance 计画; 规画; 方案: * make plans (for sth) （为某事）定计画 * a plan to produce energy from waste material 利用废物作能源的计画 * What are your plans for the holidays? 你假期打算做什麽? * a carefully worked-out plan 精心设计的方案 * a change of plan, ie deciding not to do what was planned 计画的变动 * a development plan, eg for an industry, a town or an area 发展规画（如工业、 城镇或地区的） * The best plan (ie The best thing to do) would be to ignore it completely. 上策是完全不予理睬. * a plan of attack/campaign, ie a way of doing sth, esp sth difficult 攻坚[攻关]方案. 2 (a) detailed, large-scale diagram of part of a town, district, group of buildings, etc （城市、 区、 建 群等的）详图: * a plan of the royal palace and its surroundings 皇宫及其环境详图 * a plan of the inner city 市中心详图. (b) (esp pl 尤作复数) outline drawing (of a building or structure) showing the position and size of the various parts in relation to each other （建 或结构的）平面图, 设计图: * draw up plans for an extension 绘制扩建图 * The architect submitted the plans for approval. 建 师将设计图表交付审批. * The plans of the new development are on show at the Town Hall. 镇公所大厅展出了新开发平面图. (c) diagram (of the parts of a machine) （机器部件的）图解, 说明图: * plans of early flying machines 早期飞行器的说明图. Cf 参看 chart, map. 3 way of arranging sth, esp when shown on a drawing; scheme 安排, 方式, 方法（尤指图示）; 示意图: * a seating plan, ie one showing where people are to sit at a table 座位示意图. 4 (idm 习语) go according to plan (of events, etc) take place successfully （指事情等）顺利进行, 按计画实现:

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* If everything goes according to plan, I shall be back before dark. 假若一切顺利, 我天黑之前就回来. 派生： plan v (-nn-) 1 [Tn] make a plan of or for (sth) 为（某事物）定计画或绘设计图、 平面图等: plan a garden 设计花园 * a well-planned city 精心设计的城市 * a planned economy, ie controlled by the government 计画经济. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (for/on/sb/sth) make preparations （为某事物）做准备: plan for the future, one's retirement, etc 为将来、 退休等做准备 * I had planned for 20 guests, but only 10 arrived. 我做好了招待20位客人的准备, 可是只来了10位. * We hadn't planned on twins! 我们没有生双胞胎的准备! =>Usage at arrange 用法见arrange. 3 [Tt] make plans (to do sth); intend 计画, 打算（做某事）; 意欲: When do you plan to take your holiday? 你打算什麽时候休假? * We're planning to visit France this summer. 我们正计画今年夏天到法国旅行. 4 (phr v) plan sth out consider sth in detail and arrange it in advance 策画、 筹画或详细安排某事物: plan out one's annual expenditure 做出全年的开支预算 * plan out atraffic system for the town 为该镇筹画交通系统. plannern (a) person who makes plans 设计者; 策画者. (b) (also ,town `planner) person who works in or studies town planning 城市规画的工作者或研究者. planning n [U] (a) making plans (for sth) （做某事物的）计画: family planning, ie using birth control to limit the number of children a couple have 计画生育. (b) = town planning (town). planning permission (esp Brit) licence to build a new building or change an existing one, granted by a local authority （兴建或改建建 物前当局授予的）建 许可证.

plane
1[plein; plen] n 1 (a) (geometry 几) surfacesuch that a straight line joining any two points in it touches it at all points 几何平面. (b) any flat or level surface 平面. 2 (fig 比喻) level of thought, existence or development （思想、 存在或发展的）水平, 水准, 程度, 阶段: * They seem to exist on a different spiritual plane. 他们似乎生活在不同的精神境界. * This species has reached a higher plane of development. 这一种属已达到更高的发展阶段. 派生： plane adj completely flat; level 平的; 平面的: a plane surface 平面. plane v [I, Ip] (of an aeroplane) move through the air,esp without an engine; glide （指飞机）航行, （尤指）滑行. 复合： ,plane ge`ometry geometry of two-dimensional or plane figures 平面几何学. ,plane `sailing method of calculating a ship's position as though the ship were on a plane surface instead of the curved surface of the earth 平面航法（将地球曲面视作平面测定船的位置）. `plane-table n instrument used by surveyors for drawing plans in fieldwork, consisting of a circular table with a pivoted sighting-device 平板仪.

planet
[5plAnit; 5plAnit] n any of the bodies in space that move around a star (such as the sun) and are illuminated by it 行星: * The planets of our solar system are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto. 我们太阳系的行星是水星、 金星、 地球、 火星、 木星、 土星、 天王星、 海王星、 冥王星. 派生： planetarium[7plAni'teEriEm; 7plAnE'teriEm] n (pl~s or -ia[-iE; -iE] ) (building with a) device for representingthe positions and movements of the planets and stars by projecting spots of light on a dome which represents the sky 天象仪; 天象馆; 天文馆. planetary[5plAnitri; - -teri; 5plAnE7teri] adj of orlike a planet or planets （似）行星的: * planetary movements行星的运动.

plangent
[5plAndVEnt; 5plAndVEnt] adj (fml 文) 1 (of sounds) throbbing loudly; reverberating （指声音）震荡的, 回响的. 2 (of sounds) expressing sadness; mournful （指声音）凄切的, 悲戚的. > plangency[-dVEnsi;-dVEnsi] n [U]. plangently adv.

plank
[plANk; plANk] n 1 long flat piece of sawn timber, 50-150mm thick and at least 200mm wide, used for making floors, etc 木板（厚50-150毫米, 宽至少200毫米, 用以铺地面等）. 2 (esp politics 尤用於政治) any of the main principles of the policy or programme of a political party （政党的）政策或政纲的准则: * the main planks of their disarmament platform 他们的裁军政纲准则. 3 (idm 习语) thick as two planks => thick. walk the plank => walk1. 派生： plank v (phr v) plank sth down (infml 口) (a) put (sth) down heavily 重重地放下（某物）: plank down one's luggage 重重地放下行李. (b) pay (money) at once 立即付（钱）. Cf 参看 plonk1 v. planking n [U] planks used esp to make a floor; structure made of planks 板材; （尤指）地板: Are you going to cover the planking with carpet? 你打算在地板上铺地毯吗?

plankton
[5plANktEn; 5plANktEn] n [U] any of the (mainly microscopic) forms of plant and animal life that drift in or float on the water of seas, rivers, lakes, etc 浮游生物.

plant
1[pla:nt; - plAnt; plAnt] n 1 [C] (a) living organism that is not an animal, which grows in the earth and usu has a stem, leaves and roots 植物: * Plants need light and water. 植物需要光和水. * [attrib 作定语] `plant life 植物. (b) any of the smaller kinds of these as distinct from shrubs or trees 花草: * garden plants * a `strawberry plant 一株草莓 * plants flowering in the window-box 窗口花坛中开着花的花草. 2 (a) [U] machinery, equipment, etc used in an industrial or a manufacturing process （用於工业生产中的）机器、 设备等: * The firm has made a huge investment in new plant. 该公司投入巨资购置新设备. * [attrib 作定语] `plant hire, ie renting of machines or equipment 机器租赁. (b) [C] piece of machinery or equipment 机器; 设备: * The farm has its own `power plant. 这家农场自己有发电设备. 3[C] (esp US) place where an industrial or a manufacturingprocess takes place; factory 工厂: * a `chemical plant 化工厂 * a nuclear re`processing plant 核燃料後处理工厂. =>Usage at factory 用法见factory. 4 [C] (infml 口) (a) thing placed deliberately so that its discovery willmake an innocent person appear guilty; false or misleadingevidence 栽赃物; 伪证: * He claimed that the stolen jewellery found in his house was a plant. 他声称在他家中发现的那些失窃的珠宝是有人给他栽赃. (b) person who joins a group of criminals, conspirators, etc in order to spy on them for others （在犯罪、 阴谋等集团中卧底的）眼线, 坐探: * They discovered that he was a police plant. 他们发现他是警方的眼线.

plantain
1[5plAntin; 5plAntin] n (a) [C, U] tropical fruit, similar to a banana but usu cooked before being eaten 大蕉（果实）. (b) [C] tree-like plant that bears this 大蕉（植物）.

plantation
[ plAn5teIFn, also, in British use, 英式英语亦读作 plB:n-; plAn`teFEn] n 1 large piece of land, esp in a tropical country, where tea, cotton, sugar, tobacco, etc are grown （茶、 棉、 甘蔗、 烟草等的）大种植园, 大农场（尤指热带国家的）: * [attrib 作定语] a plantation manager种植园经管者. 2 (a) area of land planted with trees 造林地: * plantations of fir and pine 枞树及松树林地. (b) group of trees or plants planted together 人工林; 人工植物带.

plaque
1[pla:k; - plAk; plAk] n flat (usu round) piece of stone, metal or porcelain fixed on a wall as an ornament or a memorial （装於墙上作饰物或纪念物的石质、 金属或瓷制的）饰板（通常为圆形）: * A simple plaque marks the spot where the martyr died. 有一块 素的饰板用以纪念该烈士的殉难处.

plasma
[5plAzmE; 5plAzmE] (also plasm[5plzEm;'plAzEm] ) n [U] (anatomy 解) 1 (a) clear yellowish liquid part of blood, in which the corpuscles float 血浆. (b) (medical 医) (also `blood plasma) this fluid taken from the blood and specially treated for use in bloodtransfusions （输血用的）血浆. 2 = protoplasm. 3 (physics物) type of gas containing positively and negatively charged particles in approximately equal numbers, and present in the sun and most stars 等离子体.

plaster
[5pla:stE(r); - 'plAs-; 5plAstl] n 1 [U] soft mixture of lime, sand, water, etc that becomes hard when dry and is used for making a smooth surface on walls and ceilings 灰泥（涂平墙壁和天花板用的）: * The plaster will have to dry out before you can paint the room. 待房间的灰泥乾後才可粉刷. 2 [U] (also ,plaster of `Paris) white paste made from gypsum that becomes very hard when dry, used for making moulds, holding broken bones in place, etc 烧石膏; 熟石膏: * She broke her ankle weeks ago and it's still in plaster. 她的踝关节数周前骨折, 至今仍打着石膏. 3 [C, U] = sticking plaster (stick2). 派生： plaster v 1 (a) [Tn] cover (a wall, etc) with plaster(1) 用灰泥涂抹（墙壁等）. (b) [Tn.pr] ~ A with B/~ B on(to) A cover sth with sth thickly, as one puts plaster on a wall 用黏稠物涂抹某物: hair plastered with oil 抹油的头发 * an artist who plasters the paint on the canvas 在画布上涂颜料的画家 * plaster the town with posters 把海报贴遍市镇. 2 [Tn] cover (a wound, etc) with a plaster(2) 给（受伤处等）打石膏. 3 (phr v) plaster sth down make sth lie flat by putting a wet or sticky substance on it （敷湿或黏之物）使某物平贴: plaster one's hair down 用发蜡把头发梳平. plastered adj (sl 俚) drunk 醉的: be/get plastered 醉了. plasterer/ 5plAB:stErE(r); `plAstErL/ n person whose job is to put plaster on walls and ceilings 粉刷匠; 泥水匠. 复合： `plasterboard n [U] board made of sheets of cardboard with plaster(1) between them, used for inside walls and ceilings 灰泥板（以灰泥夹心, 作内墙壁及天花板用的）. `plaster cast (a) mould made with gauze and plaster of Paris to hold a broken or dislocated bone in place 石膏 带（作折断或脱位之骨复位固定用者）. (b) mould (eg for a small statue) made of plaster of Paris 石膏模型（如做小塑像的）.

plastic
[5plAstik; 5plAstik] n 1 (a) [C usu pl 通常作复数] any of several chemically produced substances that can be formed into shapes when heated or made into thin threads and used in textiles 塑料: * the use of plastics in industry 塑料在工业中的应用. (b) [U] substance made in this way 可塑性物质: * Many items in daily use are made out of plastic. 有很多日常生活用品是塑料制的. * Plastic is sometimes used instead of leather. 塑料有时可以代替皮革. 2 plastics [sing v] science of making plastics (plastic 1a) 塑料学. 3 [U] (also plastic money) (infml 口) credit card(s) 信用卡: * `Have you got any cash or shall we use plastic?’ `Put it on the plastic.’ ‘你有没有现金? 还是我们用信用卡呢?’‘用信用卡吧.’ 派生： plastic adj 1 (of goods) made of plastic(1b) （指物品）塑料的: a plastic cup, raincoat, spoon, toy, wrist-watch 塑料杯、 雨衣、 羹匙、 玩具、 手表 * fabric with a plastic coating 塑料涂层纤维织物 * a plastic bag, ie made from very thin soft plastic material 塑料袋. 2 (of materials or substances) easily shaped or moulded （指材料或物质）可塑的: Clay is a plastic substance. 黏土是可塑物质. * (fig 比喻) The mind of a young child is quite plastic. 儿童的思想很有可塑性. 3 of the art of modelling eg clay or wax 制造模型的艺术的（如用黏土或蜡等）: the plastic arts, ie sculpture, ceramics, etc 制造模型的艺术. plasticity/ pl5AstIsEtI; plAs`tIsEtI/ n [U] state or quality of being able to be moulded or shaped 可塑性. 复合： ,plastic `bomb bomb that contains plastic explosive 塑料炸弹. ,plastic ex`plosive explosive material that can easily be formed into different shapes or moulded around the object it is used to destroy 塑料炸药. ,plastic `surgery repairing or replacing injured or damaged tissue on the surface of the body, eg after a person has been badly burned 整形外科.

plasticine
(also Plasticine)[5plAstisi:n; 5plAstE7sin] n [U] (propr 专利名 esp Brit) substance similar to clay but which does not harden like clay, used for modelling, esp by children 橡皮泥.

plate
1[pleit; plet] n 1 [C] (a) (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) shallow (usu round) dish made usu of earthenware or china, from which food is served or eaten 盘子; 碟子: * a `dinner, `meat, `soup, etc plate 餐盘、 肉盘、 汤盘 * paper/plastic `plates, eg at a picnic 纸[塑料]盘（如野餐用的）. =>illus 见插图. (b) contents of this 一盘所盛之物: * a plate of soup, stew, etc 一盘汤、 炖肉等. (c) similar dish, usu made of metal or wood, used to collect money from the congregation in church （教会的）捐款盘, 奉献盘: * pass round the plate 传递捐献盘 * put ￡5 in the plate 把5英镑放入捐献盘中. 2 [U] (a) spoons, forks, dishes, bowls, etc made of gold or silver, esp for use at meals 金的或银的餐具: * a fine piece of plate, ie one of these articles 一件精致的贵金属餐具. (b) dishes, bowls, chalices, etc made of gold or silver for use in church 教会的金的或银的圣餐具: * The plate is kept in a locked cupboard. 圣餐具放在有锁的橱里. 3 [U] (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) metal other than silver or gold that has been covered with a thin coating of silver or gold 镀金或镀银的金属: * electroplate, ie object(s) coated with a thin layer of metal 电镀物品 * gold/silver plate 镀金[镀银] * I thought the teapot was silver, but it's only plate. 我以为那把茶壶是银的, 原来只是电镀的. 4 [C] (a) thin flat sheet of metal, glass, etc （金属、 玻璃等的）薄板材: * steel plates, eg used in shipbuilding 钢板（如造船用的）. (b) (biology 生) thin flat piece of horn, bone, etc （骨质、 角质等的）盾片, 鳞片: * The armadillo has a protective shell of bony plates. 犰狳有角质鳞片的护甲. 5 [C] (geology 地质) any of the large rigid sheets of rock that make up the earth's surface 板岩; 页岩: * [attrib 作定语] plate tectonics, ie study of the structure and formation of the earth's surface through the movements of its plates 板块构造学.

plate1
6 [C] oblong piece of metal with sth stamped or engraved on it （印或刻有名号等的）金属牌: * a brass `plate, eg on the door of a doctor, solicitor, etc with his name on it 黄铜牌（如医生、 律师等门上的名牌） * a `licence-/`number-plate, eg on a car 牌照[号码牌]（如汽车上的）. 7 [C] (a) sheet of metal, plastic, rubber, etc treated so that words or pictures can be printed from it （金属、 塑料、 橡胶等制的印刷用的）版, 印版. (b) (esp photographic) book illustration, esp one that is printed separately from the rest of the text 书籍插图（尤指照片版插页, 与正文分开印刷的）: * `colour plate 彩色插图. 8 [C, U] (in photography) sheet of (esp) glass coated with a film sensitive to light （照相用的）感光底片, （尤指）玻璃感光片: * `whole-/`half-/`quarter-plate, ie the usual sizes 整张[半张/四分之一张]感光片. 9 (also `dental plate, denture) [C] thin piece of plastic material moulded to the shape of the gums or roof of the mouth for holding artificial teeth 托牙板. 10 [C] (a) silver or gold cup as a prize for a horse-race （作赛马奖品的）金杯, 银杯. (b) the race itself （以金杯或银杯作奖品的）赛马. 11 [C] (in baseball) home base of the batting side （棒球中的）本垒. 12 (idm 习语) hand/give sb sth on a `plate (infml 口) give sb sth or allow sb to obtain sth without any effort on his part 把某事物奉送某人; 让某人轻易获得某事物: * You can't expect promotion to be handed to you on a plate. 晋升的事休想会给你送货上门. on one's `plate to occupy one's time or energy 花个人的时间或精力: * have enough/a lot/too much on one's plate 有够多[很多/太多]的事要做 * I can't help you at the moment -- I've far too much on my plate already. 我现在无法帮助你--我自己的事已经太多了. 派生： `plateful[-ful; -7ful] n amount that a plate1(1a) holds 一盘的量:

plate2
* The child has eaten three platefuls of porridge! 这孩子已经喝了叁盘粥了! 复合： ,plate `glass very clear glass of fine quality made in thick sheets, used eg for doors, mirrors, shop windows, etc 厚玻璃板（如门、 镜子、 商店橱窗等用的）: [attrib 作定语] a plate-glass window 厚玻璃板的窗户. `plate-rack n rack in which food plates are stored or left to drain after being washed 餐具架（供储放或控乾餐具用的）. =>illus at rack 见rack插图.

plateau
[5plAtEu; - plA'tEu; plA'to] n (pl ~s or -eaux[-tEuz; -'toz] ) 1 large area of fairly level land high above sea-level 高原. Cf 参看 ridge 2. 2 state of little or no change following a period of rapid growth or development （迅速增长或发展後的）稳定状态: * After a period of rapid inflation, prices have now reached a plateau. 经急剧通货膨胀之後物价现已趋於平稳.

platelayer
[5pleitleiE(r); 5plet7lel] n (Brit) person whose job is to lay and repair railway tracks （铺设及维修钢轨的）路工.

platelet
[5pleitlit; 5pletlit] n any of the numerous tiny discs in the blood that help it to clot 血小板.

platform
[5plAtfC:m; 5plAt7fCrm] n 1 level surface raised above the surrounding ground or floor, esp one from which public speakers, performers, etc can be seen by their audience 台; 平台; （尤指）讲台, 舞台, 戏台: * the concert platform, ie place where a pianist performs 钢琴演奏台 * Your questions will be answered from the platform. 你的问题将由台上的人作答. * appear on the same platform/share a platform with sb, ie make speeches, etc at the same public meeting 与某人在同一公众集会上发表演说. 2 (at a railway station) flat surface built next to and at a higher level than the track, where passengers get on and off trains （火车站的）站台, 月台: * Which platform does the Brighton train leave from? 开往布赖顿市的火车在第几站台? * Your train is waiting at platform 5. 你要坐的那趟火车在第5站台. * He came running along the platform just as the train was leaving. 火车刚开就见他沿月台跑过来. 3 (Brit) floor area at the entrance to a bus where passengers get on and off （公共汽车供乘客上下车的）入口平台. 4 (politics 政) main policies and aims of a political party, esp as stated before an election; manifesto （政党的）纲领; （尤指选举前发表的）政纲; 宣言: * fight the election/come to power on a platform of economic reform 以经济改革为政纲竞选[掌权].

plating
[5pleitiN; 5pletiN] n [U] 1 thin covering of metal, esp silver or gold, on another metal 极薄的金属（尤指 金或银）的镀层或包层: * The plating is beginning to wear off in places. 镀层有的地方已经磨掉了. 2 layer or covering esp of metal plates 层, 外层（尤指金属板）: * protected with steel plating 用钢板防护的.

platinum
[5plAtinEm; 5plAtnEm] n [U] (chemistry 化) greyish-white metallic element that does not tarnish, used to make jewellery and, esp in alloys with other metals, in industry 铂; 白金: * a sapphire in a platinum setting 白金托镶着的蓝宝石. =>App 10 见附录10. 复合： ,platinum `blonde (infml 口) (woman) having hair that is very fair or silvery white (but not white with age) 有浅色或银白色头发的（女子）（非因年老所致）.

platitude
[5plAtitju:d; - -tu:d; 5plAtE7tud] n [C] (fml derog 文, 贬) commonplace remark or statement, esp when it is said as if it were new or interesting 陈词滥调; （尤指当作新内容或津津乐道的）老调重弹: * We shall have to listen to more platitudes about the dangers of overspending. 我们又得再听一通超支危害的陈词滥调了. 派生： platitudinous[7plAti'tju:dinEs; - -'tu:dEnEs;7plAtE'tudnEs] adj (fml derog 文, 贬) commonplace or banal 平凡的; 陈腐的; 乏味的: * platitudinous remarks 老生常谈 * The whole speech was platitudinous nonsense. 整篇讲话都是陈谷子烂芝麻.

platonic
[plE'tCnik; plE'tanik] adj 1 Platonic of or concerning the Greek philosopher Plato or his teachings 柏拉图的; 柏拉图哲学的. 2 (of love or a friendship between two people) close and deep but not sexual （指两人的爱或友谊）亲密（但无性欲）的, 纯友谊的, 柏拉图式的: * He said that his feelings for her were entirely platonic. 他说他对她的感情完全是友谊. * They'd had a close platonic relationship for more than thirty years. 他们之间的柏拉图式的亲密关系已有叁十多年了.

platoon
[plE'tu:n; plE'tun] n group of soldiers, a subdivision of a company, acting as a unit under the command of a lieutenant 排（军队中连的下一级）.

platter
[5plAtE(r); 5plAtl] n 1 (a) large shallow dish for serving food, esp meat or fish 大浅盘（尤指盛肉或鱼的）. (b) (arch 古 Brit) flat dish usu made of wood （通常为木制的）盘, 碟. 2 (US infml 口) gramophone record 唱片.

platypus
[5plAtipEs; 5plAtEpEs] n (pl ~es) (also,duck-billed `platypus) small Australian furred animalwith a duck-like beak, webbed feet and a flat tail, that lays eggs but gives milk to its young 鸭嘴兽（产於澳洲）.

plaudit
[5plC:dit; 5plCdit] n (usu pl 通常作复数) (fml 文) applause, praise or some other sign of approval 鼓掌; 喝采; 称赞: * She won plaudits for the way she presented her case. 她妙语陈情博得众口交赞.

plausible
[5plC:zEbl; 5plCzEbl] adj 1 (of a statement, an excuse, etc) seeming to be right or reasonable; believable （指陈述、 藉口等）似乎正确的, 似有道理的, 可信的: * She could find no plausible explanation for its disappearance. 她无法解释清楚何以不翼而飞. * His story was/sounded perfectly plausible. 他的话[听起来]言之成理. 2 (derog 贬) (of a person) skilled in producing convincing arguments, esp in order to deceive （指人）能说会道的（尤指为行骗）: * a plausible trickster, rogue, liar, etc 花言巧语的骗子、 无赖、 说谎大王等 * She was so plausible she would have deceived anyone. 她鼓舌如簧--把谁都能骗倒. Cf 参看 implausible. 派生： plausibility[7plC:zE'bilEti; 7plCzE'bilEti] n [U] state of being plausible 似正确或有理; 可信; 能言善辩:the plausibility of her alibi 她申辩不在现场言之凿凿 * Beware of the plausibility of salesmen! 要警惕推销员的花言巧语! plausibly[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv: * The case was presented very plausibly. 案情的申述似很可信. * He argued very plausibly for its acceptance. 他为使之认可辩解得头头是道.

play
1[plei; ple] n 1 [U] activity done for amusement, esp by children; recreation 游戏, 玩耍（尤指儿童的）; 娱乐: * the happy sounds of children at play 儿童游戏时欢乐的声音 * the advantages of learning through play 寄学习於娱乐的优点 * His life is all work and no play. 他的生活是只知工作没有娱乐. 2 (sport 体) (a) [U] playing of a game 比赛; 竞赛; 运动: * There was no play/Rain stopped play yesterday. 昨天没有[因雨停止]比赛. * The tennis players need total concentration during play. 网球运动员在比赛中需要全神贯注. (b) [U] manner of playing a game 比赛、 竞赛或运动的表现或作风: * There was some excellent play in yesterday's match. 昨天的比赛有些出色的表现. * They were penalized for too much rough play. 他们因在比赛中过於粗野而受罚. (c) [C] (esp US) action or manoeuvre in a game 比赛中的动作或技巧: * a good play 漂亮的动作 * a fine defensive/passing play 精彩的防守[传递]动作. 3 [C] work (written to be) performed by actors; drama 戏剧; 剧本: * a radio play 电台广播剧 * a fine edition of Shakespeare's plays 莎士比亚戏剧集锦 * She has just written a new play. 她刚写完一部新剧. * act/take part in a play 在一剧中[参加一剧的]演出 * We are going to see the new play at the Playhouse. 我们要到大剧院看新剧. 4 [U] (scope for) free and easy movement 自由活动（的范围）: * Give the line more play, eg in fishing. 把线放松些（如钓鱼线）. * a knot with too much play, ie one that is not tight enough 松的结（系得不紧的） * We need more play on the rope. 绳子要松些. 5 [U] activity; operation; interaction 活动; 作用; 相互的影响: * the play of supernatural forces in human destiny 超自然的力量对人类命运的影响. 6 [U] light, quick, constantly shifting movement 轻的、 快的、 不断转换的动作: * the play of sunlight on water 阳光在水面上的闪烁.

play1
7 [U] taking part in card-games, or board games, roulette, etc when playing for money; gambling 赌博: * lose 500 in one evening's play 一晚上赌博输掉500英镑. 8 [sing] turn or move in cards, chess, etc （纸牌、 下棋等游戏中）轮到的机会: * It's your play, ie You are the next to make a move. 轮到你了. 9 (idm 习语) bring sth into `play cause sth to have an influence 使某事物发生作用或影响: * This financial crisis has brought new factors into play. 这次金融危机引发新的因素起了作用. call sth into play => call2. child's play => child. come into `play (begin to) be active or have an influence （开始）积极活动或起作用: * Personal feelings should not come into play when one has to make business decisions. 为公事作决策不应搀杂个人情感. fair play => fair1. give, etc free play/rein to sb/sth => free2. give sb/sth full play => full. in full play => full. in `play as a joke; not seriously 开玩笑地; 打趣地: * The remark was only made in play. 那话只是说着玩的. in/out of `play (sport 体) (of the ball in football, cricket, etc) in/not in a position where the rules allow it to be played （指足球、 板球等的球）按规则处於可[不可]比赛状态中. make a play for sb/sth (esp US) perform actions that are designed to achieve a desired result 为得到意想的结果而采取行动: * She was making a big play for the leadership of the party. 她千方百计要当党的领导. * He was making a play for the prettiest girl in the college. 他挖空心思想勾引那所学院中最漂亮的女生. a play on `words pun 双关语: * The advertising slogan was a play on words. 那条广告口号是双关语. the state of play => state1. 派生： playlet[5pleilit; 5plelit] n short play1(3) 短剧. 复合： `play-act v [I] make a show of feelings one does not really have; pretend 做作; 假装. `play-acting n [U] (a) performing in a play1(3) 演戏.

play2
(b) pretence, esp of feelings 假装（尤指感情的）. `playbill n poster announcing the performance of a play1(3) 戏剧海报. `playboy n rich (esp young) man who spends his time enjoying himself 寻欢作乐的男子（尤指年轻的）; 花花公子. ,play-by-`play n (US sport 体) detailed commentary on a game, broadcast as it happens （比赛的）实况详细述评. `playfellow (also `playmate) n companion with whom (esp) a child plays 游戏伙伴（尤指儿童的）. `playgoer[-gEuE(r); -7gol] n person who (often) goes to the theatre （常）看戏的人. `playground n (a) area of land where children play, eg as part of a school 游戏场, 运动场（如学校的操场）. (b) (fig 比喻) area where people like to go on holiday 度假胜地: The island has become a playground for the rich businessmen of the city. 那个岛已成为城里富商的度假胜地. `playgroup (also `playschool) n [CGp] group of children below school age who meet regularly and play together under the supervision of adults （学龄前的）幼儿学校. Cf 参看 nursery school (nursery). `playhouse n 1 theatre 剧院. 2 (also `Wendy house) model of a house large enough for a child to play in 游戏房（儿童可进入的模型房子）. `play-pen n small portable enclosure with wooden bars or netting where a baby or small child can play 游戏围栏（供幼儿在其中玩耍的便携式围栏）. `play-room n room in a house for children to play in （家庭中的）儿童游戏室. `plaything n (a) toy 玩具. (b) person treated as an unimportant object of amusement by sb else 被玩弄的人: She seemed content with her life as a rich man's plaything. 她似乎满足於做有钱男子的玩物. `playtime n [C, U] (period of) time for recreation and relaxation, esp in school 游戏或娱乐的时间（尤指学校中的）: The children have three playtimes during the day. 那些学生一天有叁次游戏时间. * The children are outside during playtime. 在娱乐时间学生都在室外活动.

play3
playwright[5pleirait; 5ple7rait] n person who writes plays; dramatist 剧作家.

player
[5pleiE(r); 5plel] n 1 person who plays a game 游戏者; 选手; 运动员: * a game for four players 四人玩的游戏 * She's an excellent `tennis player. 她是优秀的网球选手. * Two players were injured during the match. 有两名运动员在比赛中受伤. 2 actor 演员. 3 person who plays a musical instrument 演奏者: * a `trumpet player 吹奏小号的人. 4 = record-player (record1). 复合： `player-piano n piano fitted with a mechanism that allows it to be played automatically 自动钢琴（有自动演奏装置的）.

playful
[5pleifl; 5plefEl] adj 1 fond of playing; full of fun 爱玩的; 爱游戏的; 有趣的: * as playful as a kitten 像小猫一样顽皮 * a playful mood 快活的心情. 2 done in fun; not serious 闹着玩的; 取乐的: * a playful slap on the hand 闹着玩打一下手 * playful remarks 开玩笑的话. > playfully[-fEli; -fli] adv. playfulness n [U].

playing
card

plaza
[5pla:zE; - 'plAzE; 5plAzE] n 1 open square or market-place (esp in a Spanish town) 广场, 集市（尤指西班牙城镇中的）. 2 (esp US) shopping centre 购物中心.

PLC
(also plc)[7pi: el 'si:; 7pi el 'si] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Public Limited (ie limited liability) Company 股份公开有限公司: * Lloyd's Bank PLC 劳埃德银行（亦译劳合银行）. Cf 参看 Inc, Ltd.

plea
[pli:; pli] n 1 (fml 文) ~ (for sth) earnest request; appeal 恳求; 请求: * a plea for forgiveness, money, more time 恳求原谅、 给予金钱、 多给些时间 * He was deaf to (ie refused to listen to) her pleas. 他对她的请求充耳不闻. 2 (law 律) statement made by or for a person charged with an offence in court （法庭中被告一方的）抗辩, 答辩, 辩护: * enter a plea of guilty/not guilty 承认有罪[不承认有罪]. 3 (idm 习语) on the plea of sth/that... (fml 文) giving sth as the reason or excuse for not doing sth or for having done sth wrong （为未做某事或做错某事而作的）辩解, 托词, 藉口: * withdraw on the plea of ill health 藉口健康不佳而退出 * He refused to contribute, on the plea that he couldn't afford it. 他藉口无能为力拒不捐献.

pleach
[pli:tF; plitF] v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] make or repair (a hedge) by weaving branches together 用枝条编 或修理（篱笆）: * pleached hedges 用枝条编的篱笆.

plead
[pli:d; plid] v (pt, pp pleaded; US pled/pled; pled] ) 1 [Ipr, It] ~ (with sb) (for sth) make repeated urgent requests (to sb) (for sth) 再叁恳求或请求（某人）（做某事）: * plead for mercy 祈求发慈悲 * He pleaded with his parents for a more understanding attitude. 他求父母多加谅解. * She pleaded with him not to leave her alone. 她恳求他不要留下她一个人. * The boy pleaded to be allowed to ride on the tractor. 那男孩请求让他坐坐拖拉机. 2 [Tn] offer (sth) as an explanation or excuse, esp for failing to do sth or for doing sth wrong 提出（理由或藉口）（尤指因未做某事或做错某事）: * They asked him to pay for the damage but he pleaded poverty. 他们要他付损害赔偿金, 但他藉口贫穷而不偿还. * He apologized for not coming to the party, pleading pressure of work. 他为不能到会而道歉, 推说是工作太忙. * Pleading ignorance of the law won't help you if you are caught. 假若因犯法被抓住, 藉口不知是犯法亦无济於事. 3 [Ipr] ~ for/against sb (law 律) (of a lawyer) speak to a lawcourt (on behalf of the plaintiff/defendant)（指律师）（在法庭上为原告[被告]）提出申诉、 答辩或辩护. 4 [Tn] (law 律) present (a case) to a court of law 向法庭陈述（案情）: * They employed the best lawyer they could get to plead their case. 他们聘请了能请到的最好的律师为他们陈述案情. 5 [Tn] (law 律) put (sth) forward as the basis of a case in a court of law (on behalf of sb) （代表某人）向法庭提出（某事）（作为案件的基础）: * Counsel for the accused said that he intended to plead insanity, ie that his client was insane and therefore not responsible for his actions. 被告的律师说他想提出 案发时被告精神失常这一理由, 为被告不需负法律责任进行辩护. * plead guilty/not guilty, ie declare that one is guilty/not guilty of the crime one has been accused of 承认有罪[不承认有罪].

plead1
6 [Ipr, Tn] ~ (for) sth argue in support of sth; support (a cause) by argument 极力主张; 以辩论支持（某事业）: * plead the cause of politicalprisoners 声援政治犯的事业 * plead for the modernizationof the city's public transport 力主城市公共交通现代化. 派生： pleadingly adv in a begging or an imploring manner 恳求地; 乞求地. pleadings n [pl] (law 律) formal (usu written) statements, replies to accusations, etc made by each side in a legal action （原告的）诉状; （被告的）答辩状.

pleasant
[5pleznt; 5pleznt] adj (-er, -est) (a) ~ (to sth) giving pleasure to the mind, feelings or senses; enjoyable 使人愉快的; 合意的; 可喜的: * a pleasant surprise, smell, wine 惊喜、 令人舒服的气味、 可口的葡萄酒 * a pleasant breeze, temperature, climate 宜人的微风、 温度、 气候 * pleasant to the taste 可口的. (b) ~ (to sb) polite and friendly 礼貌而友好的: * a pleasant smile, voice, manner 友好的微笑、 声音、 举止 * make oneself pleasant to visitors 亲切和蔼地待客 * What a pleasant girl! 多麽讨人喜欢的姑娘啊! * Do try to be more pleasant! 尽量亲切友好一些! > pleasantly adv: * smile pleasantly 亲切地微笑 * We were pleasantly surprised at the profit we made. 我们获得了利润而惊喜交加. pleasantness n [U].

pleasantry
[5plezntri; 5plezntri] n (fml 文) (a) humorous remark; joke 幽默的话; 笑话: * The children smiled politely at the visitor's pleasantries. 孩子听了客人说的幽默话, 都斯文地笑了. (b) polite remarks 有礼貌的话; 客气话: * After an exchange of pleasantries, the leaders started their negotiations. 领导人互相寒暄一番, 然後开始谈判.

please
[pli:z; pliz] v 1 [Tn] be agreeable to (sb); make (sb) happy 使（某人）满意或愉快: * It's difficult to please everybody. 很难做到人人满意. * Our main aim is to please the customers. 我们的目的是让顾客满意. * He's a very hard/difficult man to please. 他是个很难让人讨好的人. * I shall have nothing to do on holiday but please myself, ie do as I like. 我在假日只图快乐, 别的什麽事都不做. 2 [I] (in subordinate clauses beginning with as or what 用於以as或what开头的从句中) (fml 文) (a) think desirable or appropriate; choose 认为满意或合适; 愿意: * You may stay as long as you please. 你爱呆多久就呆多久. * Take as many as you please. 你要拿多少就拿多少. (b) want; like 想要; 喜欢: * That child behaves just as he pleases. 那孩子想干什麽就干什麽. * I shall do as I please. 我喜欢怎麽做就怎麽做. * Do what you please. 你想做什麽都行. 3 (idm 习语) ,if you `please (a) (fml 文) (used when making a polite request 用於客气的请求): * Come this way, if you please. 请您这边走. (b) (used to express annoyance or outrage when reporting sth 用於转述某事时表示恼怒或愤恨): * And now, if you please, I've been told I'm to get nothing for my work! 嘿, 真岂有此理, 听说我是白干工作毫无报酬! * He says the food isn't hot enough, if you please! 他竟然说吃的东西不够热, 你听听这话! ,please `God may God let it happen; if it is pleasing to God 但愿上帝让它实现; 若天意如愿: * Please God, things will start to improve soon. 但愿事情很快开始好转. * She'll get better one day, please God. 她总有一天会好起来的, 愿上帝开恩. ,please your`self (ironic 反语) do as you like; I don't care what you do 请便; 我才不在乎你做什麽呢: * `I don't want to come with you today. ’ `Oh, please yourself then!’ ‘我今天不想和你一起去.’‘哦, 请便吧!’ 派生： please interj 1 (a) (used as a polite way of making a request or giving an order 用於客气的请求或吩咐): Please come in. 请进.

please1
* Come in, please. 请进. * Two cups of tea, please. 请来两杯茶. * Tickets, please! 请把票拿出来! * Would you go now, please! 请您现在走吧! (b) (used to add emphasis or urgency to a request or statement 用以加强请求或陈述的语气或迫切性): Please don't leave me here alone! 请别把我一个人留在这里! * Please, please, don't be late! 可千万别迟到! * Please, I don't understand what I have to do! 真是的, 我不明白该做什麽好! 2 (infml 口) (used when accepting an offer emphatically 在接受别人好意时用以加强语气) yes, please 那太好了: `Shall I help you carry that load?’ `Please!’ ‘我帮你拿那个重东西好吗?’‘那太好了!’ 3 (idm 习语) yes, please (used as a polite way of accepting the offer of sth 用作接受好意时的客气话) I accept and am grateful 我接受并且感谢: `Would you like some coffee?’ `Yes, please. ’ ‘你要点咖啡吗?’‘好的, 谢谢.’ * `Would you like a lift into town?’ `Yes, please. ’ ‘你愿意顺便坐我的汽车去伦敦吗?’‘好哇, 谢谢你.’pleased adj 1 ~ (with sb/sth) feeling or showing satisfaction or pleasure (with sb/sth) （对某人[某事物]）欣喜的, 满意的, 高兴的, 愉快的: Your mother will be very pleased with you. 你母亲将对你十分满意. * They were all very pleased with the news. 他们听到那消息都很高兴. * Are you pleased with the new flat? 你对这套新公寓满意吗? * He looks rather pleased with himself, ie pleased with what he has done. 他看起来对自己做的事颇为得意. 2 ~ to do sth happy to do sth 乐意做某事: I was very pleased to be able to help. 我能够帮上忙感到很高兴. * We were pleased to hear the news. 我们听到那消息非常高兴. * (fml 文) The Governor is pleased to accept the invitation. 总督欣然接受邀请. 3 (idm 习语) (as) ,pleased as `Punch very pleased 非常快乐. pleasing adj ~ (to sb/sth) giving pleasure (to sb/sth); pleasant 使人愉快的; 合意的; 可爱的: a pleasing colour scheme, singing voice 协调的颜色、 悦耳的歌喉

please2
* The news was very pleasing to us. 那消息使我们非常愉快. * sounds that are pleasing to the ear 悦耳的声音. pleasingly adv: everything pleasingly arranged for the guests 为客人安排得称心如意的一切.

pleasure
[5pleVE(r); 5pleVl] n 1 (a) [U] state or feeling of being happy or satisfied 愉快; 快乐; 高兴; 满足: * a work of art that has given pleasure to millions of people 给上百万人带来乐趣的艺术品 * It gives me great pleasure to welcome our speaker. 我很高兴去迎接我们的演讲人. * Has she gone to Paris on business or for pleasure (ie for work or for fun)? 她到巴黎是办公事还是游玩去了? (b) [C] thing that gives happiness or satisfaction 乐事; 快事: * the pleasures of living in the country 乡居的乐趣 * She has few pleasures left in life. 她生活中已没有什麽乐趣了. * It's been a pleasure meeting you. 认识你是十分高兴的事. * `Thank you for doing that!’ `It's a pleasure. ’ ‘多谢你做了那件事!’‘不客气.’ * Remembering the past was his only pleasure. 他唯一的乐趣是回忆往事. 2 [U] sensual enjoyment 感官的享受; 声色之乐; 肉体之乐（常指肉欲）: * His life is spent in the pursuit of pleasure. 他一生都在寻欢作乐. 3 [U] (fml 文) what a person wants; desire 意愿; 愿望: * We await your pleasure. 我们听您的意思. * You are free to come and go at your pleasure, ie as you wish. 来去自由, 悉听尊便. * Is it your pleasure that I cancel the arrangements? 您的意思是否要我取消这些安排? 4 (idm 习语) have the pleasure of sth/doing sth (used to make polite requests, issue invitations, etc 用於客气的请求、 邀请等): * May I have the pleasure of this dance? 我可以邀请您跳这个舞吗? * (fml or joc 文或谑) Are we to have the pleasure of seeing you again? 我们是不是有福气再见到你? take (no/great) pleasure in sth/doing sth enjoy/not enjoy (doing) sth 以[不以]（做）某事为乐; 喜欢[不喜欢]（做）某事: * She seemed to take pleasure in our suffering. 她似乎对我们的痛苦幸灾乐祸. * They take great pleasure in reminding us of our poverty. 他们特别喜欢向我们提到我们穷.

pleasure1
* She took no pleasure in her work. 她觉得自己的工作毫无乐趣.with `pleasure one is pleased to accept, agree, etc 愉快地接受、 同意等: * `Will you join us?’ `Thank you, with pleasure.’ ‘你愿意和我们在一起吗?’‘谢谢, 非常愿意.’ * `May I borrow your car?’ `Yes, with pleasure. ’ ‘我可以借用你的汽车吗?’‘可以, 很愿意借给你.’ 派生： pleasurable[5pleVErEbl; 5pleVErEbl] adj givingpleasure; enjoyable 令人愉快的; 使人快乐的: * a pleasurablesensation 快感 * pleasurable companionship 令人愉快的友谊. pleasurably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv. 复合： `pleasure-boat n boat used for pleasure only 游艇. `pleasure-craft n (pl unchanged 复数不变) boat used for pleasure only 游艇: Fishing boats and pleasure-craft followed the great liner into the harbour. 渔船和游艇跟随着大型班轮进入了港口. `pleasure-ground n area used for public amusement or recreation 游乐场; 娱乐场. `pleasure-seeking adj devoted to pleasure(2) 寻欢作 乐的.

pleat
[pli:t; plit] n pressed or stitched fold made in a piece of cloth （布料上压的或缝的）褶: * a shirt with pleats in the front 前面有褶的衬衫. 派生： pleat v [Tn] make pleats in (sth) 在（某物）上打褶: pleat a skirt 在裙子上打褶 * pleated curtains 有褶的 .

pleb
[pleb; pleb] n (infml derog 口, 贬) 1 [C] = plebeian. 2 the plebs [pl] the masses 群众; 百姓.

plebeian
[pli'bi:En; pli'biEn] adj 1 (fml or derog 文或贬) of the lower social classes 下层社会的; 平民的:of plebeian origins 平民出身的. 2 (derog 贬) lacking refinement; vulgar 平庸的; 粗俗的: * plebeian tastes 庸俗的趣味. > plebeian (also pleb) n (derog 贬) person belonging to the lower social classes (esp in ancient Rome) 下层人; （尤指古罗马时的）平民, 庶民. Cf 参看 patrician.

plebiscite
[5plebisit; - -sait; 5plebE7sait] n (politics 政) (decision made by a) direct vote by all qualified citizens on an important political matter 公民投票（的表决）: * A plebiscite was held to decide the fate of the country. 举行了公民投票以决定国家的命运. * The question of which state the minority group should belong to was decided by (a) plebiscite. 该少数民族应归属哪一州的问题已由公民投票表决. Cf 参看 referendum.

plectrum
[5plektrEm; 5plektrEm] n (pl -tra[-trE; -trE] ) (music 音) small piece of metal, wood, plastic or bone that is attached to the finger and used for plucking the strings of certain musical instruments, eg the guitar, mandolin, etc （戴在手指上弹奏弦乐器用的）拨子, 琴拨.

pled
pt, pp of plead.

pledge
[pledV; pledV] n 1 solemn promise; vow 誓言; 誓约; 保证: * give a pledge never to reveal the secret 保证决不泄密. 2 (a) thing left with a person to be kept until the giver has done sth promised, eg paid a debt 保证物（如为还债的）. (b) article left with a pawnbroker in exchange for sth, esp money 典当物. 3 thing given to sb as a sign of friendship, love, etc （表示友情、 爱情等的）信物, 象徵物: * gifts exchanged as a pledge of friendship 交换的象徵友谊的礼物. 4 (idm 习语) in/out of pledge left with sb until the giver has paid a debt, etc/no longer left on these conditions 在抵押中[已不在抵押中]: * put/hold sth in pledge 以[收下]某物作抵押 * take sth out of pledge 赎回抵押的某物. sign/take the `pledge (esp joc 尤作戏谑语) make a solemn promise never to drink alcohol 发誓戒酒. under pledge of sth in the state of having agreed to or promised sth 在誓约或承诺某事的约束下: * You are under pledge of secrecy. 你已发过誓要保密. 派生： pledge v 1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.n, Dn.t] ~ sth (to sb/sth) (fml 文) promise solemnly to give (support,etc); give (one's word, honour, etc) as a pledge 保证给予（支持等）; 以（誓言、 名誉等）作担保: pledge allegiance(ie loyalty) to the king 发誓效忠国王 * pledge a donation (to a charity) 承诺（向慈善机构）捐献 * be pledged to secrecy/to keeping a secret 誓守秘密. (b)[Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.t] ~ sb/oneself (to sth/to do sth) promise solemnly that sb/one will do sth or support a cause, etc保证某人[自己]做某事或支持某事业等: The Government has pledged itself to send aid to the famine victims. 政府已承诺赈济 民. 2 [Tn] leave (sth) with sb as a pledge (2b) 典当（某物）: He's pledged (ie pawned) his mother's wedding ring. 他把母亲的结婚戒指典当了. 3 [Tn] (fml 文) drink to the health of (sb); toast (sb) 为（某人）的健康祝酒; 向（某人）祝酒: pledge the bride and bridegroom 向新娘和新郎祝酒.

Pleistocene
[5plaistEsi:n; 5plaistE7sin] adj (geology 地质) of the epoch in the earth's history that started about a million years ago and lasted for about 800000 years, when glaciers covered most of the northern hemisphere 更新世的. 派生： the Pleistocene n the Pleistocene epoch 更新世.

plenary
[5pli:nEri; 5plinEri] adj 1 (of meetings, etc) attended by all who have the right to attend （指会议等）全体出席的: * a plenary session of the assembly 大会的全体会议. 2 (of powers, authority, etc) without limits; absolute （指权力、 权威等）无限的, 绝对的, 全权的: * assume plenary authority 掌握绝对权威.

plenipotentiary
[7plenipE'tenFEri; 7plenEpE'tenFEri] n person (esp an ambassador) with full powers to act on behalf of his government (esp in a foreign country) （代表政府的）全权代表（尤指在外国）; （尤指）全权大使. 派生： plenipotentiary adj of or like a plenipotentiary （似）全权代表的, 全权大使的: The minister was given plenipotentiary powers in the trade negotiations. 该部长获有全权进行贸易谈判.

plenteous
[5plentiEs; 5plentiEs] adj (fml 文) plentiful 大量的; 丰富的. > plenteously adv.

plentiful
[5plentifl; 5plentifEl] adj in large quantities ornumbers; abundant 大量的; 丰富的: * find plentiful supplies of fresh fruit and vegetables 得到大量新鲜水果和蔬菜的供应 * Eggs are plentiful at the moment. 现在鸡蛋很多. Cf 参看 scarce. > plentifully[-fEli; -fli] adv: * The visitors were plentifully supplied with food and drink. 给来宾准备了丰富的食物和饮料.

plenty
[5plenti; 5plenti] pron 1 number or amount that is sufficient for sb or more than sb needs 充裕; 大量: * plenty of eggs, money, time 很多的鸡蛋、 金钱、 时间 * `Do you need more milk?’ `No thanks, there's plenty in the fridge. ’ ‘你还要牛奶吗?’‘不要, 谢谢. 冰箱里还有很多呢.’ * `Have we got enough plates?’ `Yes, there are plenty in the cupboard. ’ ‘咱们的盘子够用吗?’‘够, 碗橱里有很多.’ * They always gave us plenty to eat. 他们总是给我们很多东西吃. 2 (idm 习语) days, years, etc of `plenty (fml or rhet 文或修辞) time when very many necessities, esp food and money, are available 富裕（尤指食物和钱）的日子、 年月: * looking back on the years of plenty 回顾富足的年月. in `plenty (fml 文) in a large quantity; in abundance 大量; 丰富; 充裕: * food and drink in plenty 大量的食物和饮料. > plenty adv 1 (used with more to indicate an excess 与more连用表示超过的量): * We've got plenty more (of it/them) in the shop. 我们店里还有很多（那种货物）. * There's plenty more paper if you need it. 你需要纸的话, 有的是. 2 (infml 口) (used with big, long, tall, etc followed by enough 与big long tall等连用, 後接enough): * The rope was plenty long enough to reach the ground. 绳子长可及地.

pleonasm
[5pliEnzEm; 5pliE7nAzEm] n (a) [U] use of more words than are necessary to express the meaning 冗笔, 赘述（的运用）. (b) [C] instance of this 冗笔; 赘述: * `Hear with one's ears' and `divide into four quarters' are pleonasms. ‘用耳朵听’和‘分成四个四分之一’是赘述. Cf 参看 tautology. > pleonastic[7pliE'nstik;7pliE'nAstik] adj.

plethora
[5pleWErE; 5pleWErE] n [sing] (fml 文) quantity greater than what is needed; over-abundance 过量; 过剩: * The report contained a plethora of detail. 报告中细节过多.

pleurisy
[5pluErEsi; 5plurEsi] n [U] (medical 医) serious illness, with inflammation of the delicate membrane of the thorax and the lungs, causing severe pain in the chest or sides 胸膜炎.

plexus
[5pleksEs; 5pleksEs] n (pl unchanged or ~es 复数或不变或作 plexuses) (anatomy 解) network of fibres or vessels in the body （纤维或血管的）丛: * the solar plexus, ie the network of nerves in the abdomen 太阳神经丛（腹腔丛）.

pliable
[5plaiEbl; 5plaiEbl] adj 1 easily bent, shaped or twisted; flexible 易弯的; 可塑的; 可扭曲的; 柔韧的: * Cane is pliable when wet. 藤条潮湿时易弯曲. 2 (of a person or a person's mind) easily influenced （指人或思想）易受影响的: * the pliable minds of children 儿童容易受影响的头脑. > pliability[7plaiE'bilEti; 7plaiE'bilEti] n [U].

pliant
[5plaiEnt; 5plaiEnt] adj 1 bending easily; supple 易弯的; 柔韧的: * the pliant branches of young trees 小树柔软的枝条. 2 adapting easily; yielding 易适应的; 顺从的. > pliancy[5plaiEnsi; 5plaiEnsi] n [U]. pliantly adv.

pliers
[5plaiEz; 5plailz] n [pl] tool with long jaws which have flat surfaces that can be brought together for holding, bending, twisting or cutting wire, etc 钳子; 老虎钳: * a pair of pliers 一把钳子.

plight
1[plait; plait] n [sing] serious and difficult situation or condition 严重和困难的境况; 困境; 苦境: * the plight of the homeless 无家可归的人的苦境 * The crew were in a sorry plight by the time they reached shore. 船员们抵达岸边时境况已十分悲惨. * I was in a dreadful plight I had lost my money and missed the last train home. 我身陷困境--钱丢了, 又没赶上回家的末班火车.

plimsoll
[5plimsEl; 5plimsl] (also pump) n (Brit) (US sneaker) rubber-soled canvas sports shoe; gym-shoe 橡皮底帆布鞋: * a pair of plimsolls 一双体操鞋.

plinth
[plinW; plinW] n square block or slab on which a column or statue stands （柱或雕像的）底座, 基底. =>illus at column 见column插图.

Pliocene
[5plaiEusi:n; 5plaio7sin] adj (geology 地质) of the last epoch of the Tertiary period in the earth's history (when many modern mammals appeared) 上新世的. 派生： the Pliocene n the Pliocene epoch 上新世.

plod
[plCd; plad] v (-dd-) 1 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (along/on) walk with heavy steps or with difficulty; trudge 迈着沉重的脚步行走; 艰难地行走: * Labourers plodded home through the muddy fields. 工人们穿过泥泞的田地吃力地走回家去. * (fig 比喻) We plodded on through the rain for several hours. 我们在雨中跋涉了几小时. =>Usage at stump 用法见stump. 2 (phr v) plod along move slowly (at some task) 缓慢地进行（某工作）: * `How's the book?’ `Oh, I'm plodding along. ’ ‘那本书怎麽样?’‘哦, 我正在磨蹭呢.’ plod away (at sth) work steadily but slowly (and with difficulty) 持续而缓慢地（并艰难地）工作: * He plodded away all night at the accounts but didn't finish them in time. 他彻夜不眠地清理帐目, 却未能按时完成. 派生： plodder n (usu derog 通常作贬义) person who works slowly and with determination, but without inspiration 不动脑筋慢慢苦干的人. plodding adj. ploddingly adv.

plonk
1[plCNk; plaNk] (also plunk/plQNk; plQNk] ) n (usu sing 通常作单数) (infml 口) sound (as) of sth dropping heavily （似）物体沉重坠落的声音; 砰的一声: * to hear a plonk 听到砰的一声. 派生： plonk adv (infml 口) with a plonk 砰的一声: The lamp fell plonk on the table. 台灯砰的一声倒在桌上了. plonk v (phr v) plonk sth down; plonk sth (down) on sth (infml 口) drop sth or put sth down heavily or with a plonking sound 扔下某物; 重重放下某物（并发出砰的声音）: He plonked the groceries on the kitchen floor. 他把买的食物杂货砰的一声扔到厨房的地板上了. * (fig 比喻) We plonked ourselves (down) by the fire. 我们猛地一下子坐在了炉火旁.

plop
[plCp; plap] n (usu sing 通常作单数) sound (as) of a smooth object dropping into water without making a splash （光滑物体落入水中而不溅泼的）落水声, 扑通声: * He dropped a pebble from the bridge and waited for the plop. 他从桥上扔下一颗卵石, 然後等着听那扑通的一声. 派生： plop adv with a plop 扑通一声: The stone fell plop into the water. 那石头扑通一声落入水中. plop v (-pp-) 1 [I] make a plop 发出落水声; 发出扑通声: Did you hear it plop? 你听到它落入水中的声音了吗? 2 [Ipr, Ip] fall with a plop 扑通一声落下: The jelly plopped into the dish. 果冻噗的一声落到碟里. * The fish plopped back into the river. 那鱼扑通一声跃回河中.

plosive
[5plEusiv; 5plosiv] n, adj (phonetics 语音) (consonant sound) made by closing the air passage and then audibly releasing the air, eg / t/ and / p/ in top 爆破音（的）（如top中的/t/和/p/）.

plot
1[plCt; plat] n small marked or measured piece of land, esp for a special purpose （有标记的或测量出的）小块土地（尤指有某用途的）: * a building plot 一块建 用地 * a vegetable plot 一块菜地 * a small plot of land 一小块地皮. 派生： plot v (-tt-) 1 [Tn] (a) make a plan or map of (sth) 绘制（某事物）的图: plot an escape route 画出逃跑路线. (b) mark (sth) on a chart or diagram （在图表上）标绘（某物）: plot the ship's course 标绘该船的航线. (c) make(a curve, etc) by connecting points on a graph （在图上连接标定的点）绘制（曲线等）: plot a temperature curve 绘制温度曲线图. 2 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (out) divide sth into plots 将（某大片土地）分成小块.

plough
(US plow)[plau; plau] n 1 (a) [C] implement with a curved blade, used for digging furrows in the soil, esp before seeds are planted, pulled by animals or by a tractor 睱. (b) (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) implement resembling this 似睱的工具: * a `snow-plough, ie one for clearing snow from roads and railways 雪睱（清除路面或铁道积雪的）. 2 the Plough [sing] (also Charles's Wain) (Brit) (US also the Big Dipper) (astronomy 天) group of the seven brightest stars in the constellation of the Great Bear, visible only from the Northern hemisphere 北斗七星. 3 [U] land that has been ploughed 睱过的地; 耕地: * 100 acres of plough 100英亩耕地. 4 (idm 习语) under the `plough (of land) used for growing grain and not for pasture （指土地）用於种庄稼的（非牧用的）. 派生： plough (US plow) v 1 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) break up the surface of (land) with a plough 睱（地）; 耕（地）: plough a field 耕田 * The meadow's been ploughed up. 那片草地已用睱翻过. 2 [I, Tn] (dated Brit sl 旧, 俚) (cause sb to) fail (an examination) （使某人）考（试）不及格: I ploughed my finals. 我期末考试不及格. * The examiners ploughed half the candidates. 主考人员刷掉了一半应试者. 3 (idm 习语) plough a lonely `furrow work without help or support 孤独无援地工作. 4 (phr v) plough sth back (a) put (a crop or grass) back in the soil by ploughing in order to enrich the soil 将（作物或草）睱入土中作肥料. (b) (fig 比喻) re-invest (profits) in the business that produced them 将（利润）作为资本再投资於原企业中. plough into sth/sb crash violently into sth/sb 猛力撞某物[某人]: The car went out of control and ploughed into the side of a bus. 那汽车失控拦腰撞上了一辆公共汽车. plough (one's way) through sth (a) force a way through sth 费力穿过某处: plough one's way through the mud 在泥泞中艰难跋涉

plough1
* The ship ploughed through the waves. 那轮船破浪前进. (b) make progress slowly or with difficulty through sth 缓慢或费力地在某方面取得进展: plough through legal text books, a pile of documents, mountains of work, etc 吃力地钻研法律教科书、 缓慢地阅读一堆文件、 费力地处理堆积如山的工作. 复合： `ploughman (US plow-)[-mEn; -mEn] n (-men[-mEn; -mEn/) man who guides a plough(1a), esp one pulled by animals 把睱人（尤指用力畜拉的睱）. ,ploughman's `lunch (Brit) meal of bread, cheese and pickles, often served with beer in a pub 农夫午餐（有面包、 乾酪、 泡菜, 常有啤酒, 多在小酒店中供应）. `ploughshare (US plow-) (also share) n broad blade of a plough(1a) 睱铧; 铧. =>illus 见插图.

plover
[5plQvE(r); 5plQvl] n any of various types of long-legged short-tailed land bird that live on marshy ground near the sea 硚（腿长、 尾短, 栖於近海的沼泽地）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page v.

ploy
[plCi; plCi] n words or actions, eg in a game, intended to win an advantage over one's opponent （克敌制胜的）策略, 手法（如在比赛中的）: * It was all a ploy to distract attention from his real aims. 那纯粹是障眼法, 用以分散人们对他真正意图的注意力.

pluck
[plQk; plQk] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (off/out) gather or remove sth by pulling; pick sth 拔除或摘除某物; 采某物: * pluck a rose from the garden 从花园里摘一朵玫瑰花 * pluck one's eyebrows, ie use tweezers to remove unwanted hairs 拔眉毛 * pluck off the dead flowers 掐掉凋谢的花 * pluck out a grey hair 拔下一根灰白的头发. 2 [Tn] pull the feathers off (a goose, chicken, etc) in order to prepare it for cooking 拔去（鹅、 鸡等）的毛（以备烹调）: * Have the turkeys been plucked? 火鸡的毛都拔了吗? 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (at sth) take hold of (sth) and pull it; snatch at (sth) 拉住或抓住（某物）: * The child was plucking at her mother's skirt. 那孩子揪住母亲的裙子. * A stranger plucked at my sleeve as I was leaving. 我刚要离去, 一个陌生人拽我的袖子. 4 (US pick) [Tn] sound (the strings of a musical instrument) by pulling and releasing them 弹或拨（乐器的弦）: * pluck the strings of a guitar 弹吉他的弦. 5 (idm 习语) pluck up `courage (to do sth) make an effort to be brave 鼓起勇气: * I shall have to pluck up courage and speak to her about it. 我得鼓起勇气跟她谈这件事. * He can't pluck up the courage to leave home. 他鼓不起离开家的勇气. 派生： pluck n 1 [U] (infml 口) courage, esp in the face of a stronger opponent or of hardship; bravery 勇气, 胆量（尤指面对强敌或困难的）: She showed a lot of pluck in dealing with the intruders. 她对付那些闯入的歹徒表现得十分勇敢. 2 [C usu sing 通常作单数] short sharp pull 快而猛的拉: feel a pluck at one's sleeve 觉得袖子被人猛拉了一下. 3 [U] heart, liver and lungs of an animal, as food （动物的）心, 肝, 肺（作食物者）. plucky adj (-ier, -iest) having or showing pluck; brave 勇敢的; 有胆量的. pluckily adv.

plug
[plQg; plQg] n 1 (a) piece of metal, rubber or plastic that fits tightly into a hole (eg in a barrel, wash-basin, bath, etc) 塞子（如用以塞大桶、 洗脸池、 浴缸等的）: * Pull (out) the plug and let the water drain away. 拔掉塞子, 把水放掉. * He put plugs in his ears because the noise was too loud. 因为太吵闹了, 他用耳塞堵住了耳朵. (b) (US) = stopper. 2 (a) device with metal pins that fit into holes in a socket to make an electrical connection 插头; 插塞: * a three-/two-pin plug 叁线[双线]插头 * Put the plug in the socket. 把插头插入插座里. * I'll have to change the plug on the hair drier. 我得更换吹风机的插头了. =>illus at socket 见socket插图. (b) (infml 口) electric socket 插座. 3 = sparking plug (spark). 4 (infml 口) piece of favourable publicity in the media for a commercial product, eg a record or book （在传播媒介中插入宣传商品的）推销广告（如宣传唱片或书的）. 5 (a) cake or stick of pressed or twisted tobacco 板烟. (b) piece of this cut off for chewing 口嚼烟（切成小块的板烟）. 6 (idm 习语) pull the plug on sb/sth => pull2. 派生： plug v (-gg-) 1 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) fill (a hole) or stop up sth with a plug 用塞子堵（洞）: plug a leak in the barrel 用塞子堵住大桶的漏洞. 2 [Tn] (infml 口) mention (sth) favourably in the media, esp repeatedly （在传播媒介中）宣传（某事物）（尤指反覆地）: They've been plugging his new show on the radio. 他们一直在电台上宣传他的新节目. 3 [Tn] (infml 口 esp US) shoot or hit (sb) 射击或打（某人）. 4 (phr v) plug away (at sth) work hard and steadily (at sth) （对某事物）努力不懈地干: She's been plugging away at her French lessons for months. 她已刻苦攻读法语数月. plug sth in connect (sth) to the electricity supply with a plug(2a) 用插头将（某物）与电源接通: Plug in the radio, please. 请把收音机的插头插上.

plug1
* The recorder wasn't plugged in. 录音机的插头没插上. 复合： `plug-hole n (Brit) (US drain) hole into which a plug(1) fits, esp in a basin, sink or wash-basin 排水孔（尤指洗脸池、 洗物池等的）.

plum
[plQm; plQm] n 1 (a) [C] soft round smooth-skinned fruit with sweet flesh and a flattish pointed stone 李子; 梅子. =>illus at fruit 见fruit插图. (b) [C] (also `plum tree) tree on which this grows 李树; 梅树. 2 [U] dark reddish-purple colour 紫红色. 3 (infml 口) thing considered good or worth having, esp a well-paid job 好的事物; （尤指）报酬高的工作: * She's got a plum of a job. 她得到一份高薪的工作. * [attrib 作定语] a plum job 报酬高的工作. 复合： ,plum `pudding rich boiled suet pudding with dried fruits and spices, traditionally eaten at Christmas 乾果布丁（圣诞节传统食物）.

plumage
[5plu:midV; 5plumidV] n [U] feathers covering a bird's body 羽衣（鸟体的全部羽毛）: * the brightly coloured plumage of tropical birds 热带鸟类色彩斑斓的羽毛.

plumb
[plQm; plQm] n 1 piece of lead that is tied to a cord and used to find the depth of water or test whether a wall, etc is vertical 测深锤, 铅锤（悬挂於绳上的铅块, 用以测水深或墙等是否垂直）. 2 (idm 习语) out of `plumb not vertical 不垂直的. 派生： plumb adv 1 exactly 恰恰; 正: plumb in the centre 在正中. 2 (US infml 口) quite; absolutely 十分; 完全; 绝对: He's plumb crazy. 他真是疯了. plumb v 1 [Tn] (a) test (sth) by using a plumb-line 用铅垂线测（某物）. (b) (fig 比喻) (try to) understand(sth) thoroughly 探索, 探究（某事物）: plumb the mysteries of the universe 探索宇宙的奥秘. 2 (idm 习语) plumb the depths of sth reach the lowest point of sth 到达某事物的最低点: plumb the depths of despair 绝望已极 * a film that really plumbs the depths of bad taste 趣味低级得真正到了极点的一部影片. 3 (phr v) plumb sth in attach (eg a washing-machine) to water-pipes 将（如洗衣机）与水管接通: We've plumbed in the dishwasher. 我们已给洗碟机接上水管了. 复合： `plumb-line n line with a plumb(1) attached to one end 铅垂线.

plumber
[5plQmE(r); 5plQml] n person whose job is to fit and repair water-pipes, water-tanks, cisterns, etc in buildings 铅管工; 管子工; 水暖工.

plumbing
[5plQmiN; 5plQmiN] n [U] 1 system of water-pipes, water-tanks, cisterns, etc in a building （建 物的）管道装置: * There is something wrong with the plumbing.水管设备出毛病了. 2 work of a plumber 铅管工的工作: * We employed a local man to do the plumbing. 我们雇了一个当地人做管道装修工作.

plummet
[5plQmit; 5plQmit] n 1 (weight attached to a) plumb-line 测深锤; 铅锤; 铅垂线. 2 weight attached to a fishing-line to keep the float upright （钓丝上的）铅坠, 坠子（用以使鱼漂竖起）. 派生： plummet v [I, Ipr, Ip] fall steeply or rapidly 大坡度或快速落下: House prices have plummeted in this area. 此地房价大跌. * Pieces of rock plummeted down the mountainside to the ground below. 岩石一块块顺着山的陡坡滚落到地面.

plummy
[5plQmi; 5plQmi] adj (-mier, -miest) 1 (infml 口) desirable; good 合意的; 很好的: * a plummy job 顺心的工作. 2 (esp derog 尤作贬义) (of a voice) affectedly upper-class; sounding as if one is speaking with sth (eg a plum) in one's mouth （指嗓音）拿腔拿调的, 像嘴里含着东西似的: * a plummy accent/voice 拿腔捏调的口音[嗓音].

plump
1[plQmp; plQmp] adj (a) (esp of an animal, a person, parts of the body) having a full rounded shape; fleshy （尤指动物、 人、 身体的局部）肥胖的, 丰满的: * a plump baby, chicken, face 胖乎乎的婴儿、 肥肥的小鸡、 圆圆的脸蛋 * a baby with plump cheeks 双颊胖乎乎的婴儿. (b) (euph 婉) overweight; fat 过胖的: * You're getting a bit plump you need to diet! 你有点发胖了--得节食了! =>Usage at fat1 用法见fat1. 派生： plump v (phr v) plump (sth) out/up (cause sth to) become rounded （使某物）变圆, 变丰满: His cheeks are beginning to plump out/up. 他的脸颊胖起来了. * She plumped up the pillows. 她把枕头弄得鼓鼓的. plumpness n [U].

plunder
[5plQndE(r); 5plQndl] v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (from sth) steal (goods) from a place, esp during a time of war or civil disorder; pillage 掠夺或抢劫某地的（货物）（尤指战时或内乱时）: * The conquerors advanced, killing and plundering as they went. 征服者一路上杀人越货无所不为. * The invaders plundered food and valuables from coastal towns and villages. 侵略者在沿海城乡抢劫食物和贵重物品. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (of sth) steal goods from (a place), esp during a time of war, etc 掠夺或抢劫（某地）的货物（尤指战时等）: * plunder a palace of its treasures 劫掠宫殿财宝 * Tourists have plundered all the archaeological sites. 游客简直是洗劫了考古场地. Cf 参看 loot, pillage. 派生： plunder n [U] 1 (action of) plundering 掠夺; 抢劫: be guilty of plunder 犯抢劫罪 * goods obtained by plunder 掠夺的财物. 2 goods that have been plundered 抢夺物; 赃物: They loaded the carts with plunder. 他们把掠夺来的东西装进大车里. plunderer[5plQndErE(r); 5plQndErl] n person who plunders 掠夺者; 抢劫者.

plunge
[plQndV; plQndV] v 1 [Ipr, Ip, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ (sth) into sth; ~ (sth) in (a) (cause sth to) fall into sth suddenly and with force （使某物）突然而猛力投入、 穿入、 进入等: * plunge (one's hand) into cold water （把手）一下子伸进冷水中 * They plunged in, ie dived intothe water. 他们跳进了水中. * plunge a rod into a blockeddrain to clear it 用棍通下水道使之畅通. (b) (cause sth to) enter a specified state or condition （使某事物）进入或陷入某状态: * The country (was) plunged into civil war after the death of the President. 总统死後全国陷入了内战. * The news plunged us into despair. 我们听到那消息後就陷入了绝望. * events which plunged the world into war 把世界推入战争的事件 * Their extravagant life-style plunged them into debt. 他们生活方式奢侈, 背上了很多债. 2 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (cause sb/sth to) move suddenly forwards and/or downwards （使某人[某物]）突然前移或跌落: * The horse plunged and she fell off. 马一个前失, 把她摔了下来. * Share prices plunged as a result of the gloomy economic forecast. 该项预测展望经济前景暗淡, 因而股票价格大跌. * The car plunged over the cliff. 汽车冲下了悬崖. * The sudden jolt plunged her forward. 突然颠了一下, 她向前打了个趔趄. (b) [I] (of a ship) move with the bows going violently up and down in the water （指船）剧烈颠簸. 派生： plunge n 1 (a) [C esp sing 尤作单数] plunging movement, esp a steep fall （向前或向下的）冲, 投, 落; （尤指）骤降, 猛跌: a plunge into debt, chaos 背债、 陷入混乱. (b) [C] act of diving or bathing in water 跳水; 游泳: a plunge into the sea from the rocks 从岩石上跳入海中 * a refreshing plunge in the lake 在湖中游泳焕发精神. 2 (idm 习语) take the `plunge take a bold decisive step, esp after thinking about it for some time 采取大胆果断措施（尤指曾经一番考虑）: They have finally decided to take the plunge and get married. 他们最後毅然决定结婚.

plunge1
plunger n 1 part of a mechanism that moves up and down 柱塞; 活塞. 2 (in plumbing) rubber cup fixed on a handle, used for clearing a blocked pipe by means of suction （疏通管道的）搋子.

plunk
= plonk1.

pluperfect
[7plu:'pE:fikt; 7plu'pEfikt] adj (also past perfect) (grammar) (of the form of the verb phrase) expressing an action completed before a particular pointin the past （指动词词组形式）过去完成式的: * a pluperfect (form of a) verb phrase 过去完成式动词词组. 派生： pluperfect n (also past perfect) such a form (in English had and a past participle, as in `As he had not received my letter, he did not come') 过去完成式（在英语中had加过去分词, 如此处例句中的had加received）.

plural
[5pluErEl; 5plurEl] n (grammar) form of a noun or verb which refers to more than one person or thing（名词的或动词的）复数, 复数形式: * The plural of `child' is `children'. child的复数形式是children. * The verb should be in the plural, eg `have' in `they have'. 这个动词应用复数形式（如they have中的have）. Cf 参看 singular 1. 派生： plural adj (grammar) 1 of or having this form 复数的; 有复数形式的: Most plural nouns in English end in `s'. 英语的复数名词多以s结尾. 2 of more than one 不止一个的: a plural society, ie one with more than one ethnic group 多元社会（由不止一个种族组成的）.

pluralism
[5pluErElizEm; 5plurElizm] n [U] 1 (a) existence in one society of a number of groups that belong to different races or have different political or religious beliefs 多元性（一社会中有不同民族或有不同政治或宗教信仰的群体共同生活的状态）. (b) principle that these different groups can live together peacefully in one society 多元主义（一社会中多民族或有不同政治、 宗教信仰的人和平共处的原则）. 2 (usu derog 通常作贬义) holding of more than one office at one time, esp in the Church 兼任, 兼职（尤指神职）. 派生： pluralist[5pluErElist; 5plurElist] n supporter ofpluralism (1b) 多元主义者. pluralist (also pluralistic)[ 9plUErE5lIstIk; 9plJrE`lIstIk/ adj: * a pluralist society 多元主义社会.

plurality
[pluE'rAlEti; plu'rAlEti] n 1 [U] (grammar) state of being plural 复数; 复数形式. 2 [C] large number 大量; 多数: * a plurality of influences, interests 极大的影响、 利益. 3 [C] (US politics 政) majority of less than 50%; relative majority （未超过半数的）多数; 相对多数. Cf 参看 majority 2. 4 (a) [U] = pluralism 2. (b) [C] office held jointly with another 兼任的职务.

plus
[plQs; plQs] prep (a) with the addition of 加; 加上: * Two plus five is seven. 二加五等於七. * The bill was 10, plus 1 for postage. 帐款是10英镑, 再加上1英镑邮费. (b) (infml 口) as well as 和: * We've got to fit five people plus all their luggage in the car. 我们得在汽车里挤下五个人和全部行李. Cf 参看 minus. 派生： plus adj 1 more than the amount or number indicated 比所示数量多的: The work will cost 10000plus. 那作品可值10000英镑以上. 2 above zero; positive零上的; 正的: 5 is a plus quantity. 5是正数. * The temperature is plus four degrees. 温度零上四度. plus n 1 the sign + 加号, 正号（+）: He seems to have mistaken a plus for a minus. 他似乎把正号误作负号了.=>App 4 见附录4. 2 (infml 口) positive quality; advantage正面因素; 好处: Her knowledge of French is a plus in her job. 她会法语, 这对她工作很有好处. Cf 参看 minus. 复合： ,plus-`fours n [pl] wide loose knickerbockers, worn esp by golfers : a pair of plus-fours 一条灯笼裤.

plush
[plQF; plQF] n [U] type of silk or cotton cloth with a surface like velvet （丝或棉的）长毛绒. 派生： plush adj 1 (also plushy) (infml 口) luxuriously smart 豪华的; 漂亮的: a plush hotel, restaurant, etc 豪华的旅馆、 餐厅等. 2 made of plush 长毛绒的: plush curtains 长毛绒的 子.

plushy
[5plQFi; 5plQFi] adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) = plush 1.> plushiness n [U].

Pluto
[5plu:tEu; 5pluto] n (astronomy 天) the planet ninth in order and furthest from the sun 冥王星.

plutocracy
[plu:'tCkrEsi; plu'takrEsi] n 1 (a) [U] government by a rich and powerful class 富豪统治; 财阀统治. (b) [C] state governed in this way 富豪或财阀统治的国家. 2 [CGp] group or class of rich and powerful people; wealthy elite 富豪阶级; 财阀阶级. 派生： plutocrat[5plu:tEkrAt; 5plutE7krAt] n (often derog 常作贬义) person who is powerful because of his wealth 有钱有势的人. plutocratic[7plu:tE'krAtik; 7plutE'krAtik] adj (a) of plutocracy 富豪或财阀统治的国家或阶级的. (b) of or like a plutocrat （似）有钱有势的人的: * plutocratic control of a media empire 财阀势力对传播媒介的控制.

plutonium
[plu:'tEuniEm; plu'toniEm] n [U] (chemistry 化) artificially produced radioactive metallic element, derived from uranium and used in nuclear reactors and nuclear weapons ℅. =>App 10 见附录10.

ply
1[plai; plai] n [U] (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) 1 layer of wood or thickness of cloth （木的）层; （布的）厚度: * three-ply wood 叁层胶合板. 2 strand of rope or yarn （绳或纱的）股: * three-/four-ply knitting wool 叁[四]股毛线. 复合： plywood[5plaiwud; 5plai7wud] n [U] board(s) made by gluing thin layers of wood on top of each other 胶合板: * sheets of plywood 一张一张的胶合板 * [attrib 作定语] plywood furniture 胶合板家具.

PM
[7pi: 'em; 7pi 'em] abbr 缩写 = (infml 口 esp Brit) Prime Minister: * an interview with the PM 与首相会晤.

PMT
[7pi: em 'ti:; 7pi em 'ti] abbr 缩写 = (infml 口) premenstrual tension.

pneumatic
[nju:'mAtik; - nu:-; nu'mAtik] adj (a) filled with air 充气的: * a pneumatic tyre 充气轮胎. (b) worked by compressed air 由压缩空气操作或推动的; 风动的: * a pneumatic drill 风钻. > pneumatically[-klI; -klI/ adv.

pneumonia
[nju:'mEuniE; - nu:-; nu'monjE] n [U] serious illness with inflammation of one or both lungs, causing difficulty in breathing 肺炎.

PO
[7pi: 'Eu; 7pi 'o] abbr 缩写 = 1 Petty Officer. 2 (also po) postal order. 3 Post Office: * PO Box 920, eg in an address 邮政信箱920号.

po
faced

poach
1[pEutF; potF] v [Tn, Tn.pr] (a) cook (fish, fruit, etc) by simmering it gently in a small amount of liquid （用少量水）炖, 煨（鱼、 水果等）: * apricots poached in syrup 糖水煨杏. (b) cook (an egg without its shell) by putting it in (or in a container over) simmering water 煮（荷包蛋）. 派生： poacher n pan with one or more cup-shaped containers in which eggs may be poached 荷包蛋锅（锅中有杯形煮蛋容器）.

POB
[7pi: Eu 'bi:; 7pi o 'bi] abbr 缩写 = Post Office Box (number) 邮政信箱（号码）: * POB 63 邮政信箱63号.

pock
[pCk; pak] n (a) any of the swellings on the skin caused by certain diseases, esp smallpox 痘秙; （尤指天花的）秙疹, 脓秙. (b) (also `pock-mark) hollow mark left on the skin by this 麻子（天花的疤痕）. 派生： pocked adj ~ (with sth) having holes or depressions in the surface 有洞的; 有坑的: The moon's surface is pocked with small craters. 月球表面有许多月坑. 复合： `pock-marked adj having marks left after (esp) smallpox 有麻子的: The man's face was badly pock-marked. 那个男的脸上有许多麻子.

pocket
[5pCkit; 5pakit] n 1 (a) small bag sewn into or onto a garment and forming part of it, for carrying things in （衣服上的）口袋, 袋子, 兜儿; 衣袋: * a coat, jacket, trouser, etc pocket 大衣、 外衣、 裤子等的口袋 * stand with one's hands in one's pockets 双手插在口袋里站着 * [attrib 作定语] a pocket dictionary, edition, guide, etc ie small enough to fit in one's pocket 袖珍词典、 版本、 指南等. (b) container resembling this, eg on the inside of a car-door, suitcase, cardboard folder, etc; flap1(1) （汽车门、 衣箱、 文件夹等内侧的）口袋: * You will find information about safety procedures in the pocket in front of you, eg on an aircraft. 在您座位前方的袋子里有安全措施须知（如在飞机上）. 2 (usu sing 通常作单数) money that one has available for spending; financial means （现成的）钱; 财力: * luxury far beyond my pocket 远非我财力可及的奢侈品 * easy/hard on the pocket, ie easy/difficult to afford 手头充裕[拮 ] * The resort provides accommodation to suit every pocket. 这个度假地提供的食宿丰俭随意. * The expedition was a drain on her pocket. 这次探险耗尽了她的钱财. 3 small isolated group or area 孤立的小的群体或范围: * Pockets of opposition/resistance to the new regime still remained. 反对[抵制]新政权的某些势力仍然存在. * pockets of unemployment in an otherwise prosperous region 繁荣地区中个别的失业现象. 4 small cavity in the ground or in rock, containing gold or ore 矿穴; 矿囊; 矿袋: * pockets of coal 煤矿穴. 5 = air pocket (air1). 6 (sport 体) any of the six string pouches round a billiard-table into which balls are hit （台球的）球袋. =>illus at snooker 见snooker插图. 7 (idm 习语) be, etc in sb's `pocket be very close to or intimate with sb 与某人很亲密: * They live in each other's pockets. 他们两人十分密切. have sb in one's `pocket have influence or power over sb 可以影响或支配某人. ,in/,out of `pocket having gained/lost money as a result of sth 因某事赚[赔]钱:

pocket1
* Even after paying all the expenses, we'll still be 100 in pocket. 即使扣除所有费用, 我们仍能赚100英镑. * His mistake left us all out of pocket. 他这一错, 我们大家都跟着赔了钱. * [attrib 作定语] ,out-of-pocket ex`penses, ie money that one has spent (and which will be reimbursed, eg by one's employer) 已支付的开销（可报销的, 如由雇主发 还）. line one's/sb's pocket => line3. money burns a hole in sb's pocket => money. pick sb's pocket => pick3. put one's hand in one's pocket => hand1. put one's pride in one's pocket => pride. 派生： pocket v [Tn] 1 put (sth) into one's pocket 将（某物）放入衣袋: He pocketed the tickets. 他把票放进衣袋里了. * She quickly pocketed the note without reading it. 她很快把通知放进口袋里, 连看都没看. 2 keep or take (sth) for oneself (esp dishonestly) 将（某物）据为己有: She pays 2 for them, sells them for 4 and pockets the difference. 那些东西她2英镑买入、 4英镑卖出, 把赚头塞进了腰包. * He was given 20 for expenses, but pocketed most of it. 他得到20英镑的公款, 但大部分都进了自己的口袋了. 3 (eg in billiards) hit (a ball) into a pocket (6) （如在台球戏中）将（球）击入球袋. 4 (idm 习语) pocket one's `pride hide or suppress one's feelings of anger or shame 隐藏或压抑愤怒或羞耻感. pocketful[-ful; -7ful] n amount a pocket holds 一衣袋的量: * a pocketful of coins 一衣袋硬币. 复合： `pocket-book n 1 small notebook 小笔记本; 袖珍记事本. 2(a) (= wallet). (b) (US) purse or small handbag 钱包; （尤指女用）小手提包. `pocket-knife n (pl -knives) = penknife (pen1). =>illus at knife 见knife插图. `pocket-money n [U] (Brit) (a) small amount of money given to a child, esp weekly （给孩子的）零花钱（尤指每周给的）. (b) money for small expenses 零用钱: We've paid for our travel and accommodation, so we only need to take some pocket-money with us. 我们已付了旅费与食宿费, 所以只需带些零用钱.

pod
[pCd; pad] n 1 long seed-case of various plants, esp peas and beans 荚; （尤指）豆荚. 2 (idm 习语) like as peas in a pod => like1. 派生： pod v (-dd-) [Tn] take (peas, beans, etc) from their pods 剥掉（豌豆等）的荚.

podgy
[5pCdVi; 5padVi] adj (-ier, -iest) (infml usu derog 口, 通常作贬义) (of people or parts of the body) short and fat （指人或身体的部分）矮胖的, 短粗的: * podgy fingers 短粗的手指. =>Usage at fat1 用法见fat1. > podginess n [U].

podiatry
[pE'daiEtri; pE'daiEtri] n [U] (US) = chiropody (chiropodist).> podiatrist[-trist; -trist] n (US) = chiropodist.

podium
[5pEudiEm; 5podiEm] n small platform for the conductor of an orchestra, a lecturer, etc to stand on （乐队的）指挥台; 讲台.

poem
[5pEuim; 5poim] n piece of creative writing inverse, esp one expressing deep feelings or noble thoughts in beautiful language, written with the intention of communicating an experience 诗; 韵文; 诗体文: * write/compose poems 写[作]诗.

poet
[5pEuit; 5poit] n writer of poems 诗人. 派生： poetess[-es; -es] n woman poet 女诗人. 复合： ,Poet `Laureate (also Laureate) poet officially appointed to the Royal Household in Britain, to write poems for state occasions. 桂冠诗人（正式任命为英国王室成员, 为国家大典作诗者）.

poetic
[pEu'etik; po'etik] adj 1 (approv 褒) like or suggesting poetry, esp in being graceful and aesthetically leasing 像诗的, 有诗意的（尤指优美的）: * a poetic rendering of the piano sonata 富有诗意的钢琴奏鸣曲演奏. 2 [attrib 作定语] = poetical 1: * his entire poetic output 他的全部诗作. 派生： poetical[-kl; -kl] adj 1 [attrib 作定语] of or being poetry 诗的; 韵文的; 诗体文的: * the poetical works of Keats 济慈的诗作. 2 [attrib 作定语] = poetic 1. poetically[-kli; -kli] adv. 复合： po,etic `justice well-deserved punishment or reward应得的赏罚. po,etic `licence freedom to change the normal rules of language when writing verse (eg by reversing word order, changing meaning, etc) 诗的破格（如词序倒装、 词义变更等）: (ironic 反语) his garden shed which, with a certain amount of poetic licence, he calls his summer-house 他那美其名曰夏季别墅的花园棚.

poetry
[5pEuitri; 5poitri] n [U] 1 poems collectively or in general 诗（总称）: * epic, lyric, dramatic, pastoral, symbolist, etc poetry 史诗、 抒情诗、 戏剧诗、 田园诗、 象徵派的诗 * Dryden's poetry 德莱顿的诗 * [attrib 作定语] a poetry book 诗集 * a poetry reading 诗歌朗诵会. Cf 参看 prose, verse. 2 (approv 褒) aesthetically pleasing quality 诗意; 美感: * a ballet dancer with poetry in every movement 动作皆富诗意的芭蕾舞演员 * the poetry of motion, eg in ballet or some forms of athletics 动作的优美（如芭蕾舞或某些体育动作）.

pogo
[5pEugEu; 5pogo] n (pl ~s) (also `pogo stick) pole, with bars for standing on and a spring at the bottom end, used as a toy for jumping about on 弹簧单高跷（一种跳跃游戏器具）.

pogrom
[5pCgrEm; - pE'grCm; po'gram] n organized persecution or killing of a particular group or class of people, esp because of their race or religion （有组织的）集体迫害或杀戮（尤指因种族或宗教矛盾所致的）.

poignant
[5pCinjEnt; 5pCinjEnt] adj affecting one's feelings deeply, making one sad, full of pity, etc 痛切的; 伤心的; 心酸的: * poignant sorrow, regret, memories 深沉的悲哀、 痛悔、 辛酸的回忆 * a poignant moment 伤心的时候. 派生： poignancy[-jEnsi; -jEnsi] n [U] state or quality of being poignant 痛切; 伤心; 心酸. poignantly[-jEntli; -jEntli] adv.

poinsettia
[pCin'setiE; pCin'setiE] n tropical plant with large red leaves that form flower-like clusters, often grown indoors in pots 一品红; 猩猩木.

point
blank

point1
* At one point I thought she was going to refuse, but in the end she agreed. 当时我以为她要拒绝, 但最後她却同意了. * The film started to get very violent, at which point I left. 那部电影看着看着出现了极残暴的场面, 我立刻就走了. * at the point of death, ie about to die at any moment 在临死时. 7 [C] (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) stage or degree of progress, increase, temperature, etc （进展、 增进等的）阶段, 程度; （温度等的）度: * reach danger point, ie reach a dangerous level 达到危险的地步 * boiling/freezing/melting point 沸[冰/熔]点. 8 [C] any of the 32 marks on the circumference of a compass 罗经点（罗盘上的32个刻度）: * the cardinal points, ie the four main points: * N, E, S and W 基本方位（北、 东、 南、 西等四个主要方位） * (fig 比喻) Search-parties had been sent out to all points of the compass, ie in every direction. 已向四面八方派出了搜索队. 9 [C] unit of measurement, value, scoring, etc （作测量、 数值、 记分等单位的）点、 分等: * a point on a scale 刻度上的一点 * The pound fell several points on the Stock Market today. 今天证券市场上英镑下跌了好几点. * We need one more point to win the game. 我们再得一分就能胜这一 局. * [attrib 作定语] a points system 点数制. =>App 4 见附录4. 10 [C] individual idea of sth said, done or planned; single item or detail （说法、 做法或想法的）点; 项; 条: * the main points of a story, a discussion, an argument, etc 故事、 议论、 争论等的要点 * points of difference, similarity, agreement, disagreement, etc 差异、 相似、 一致、 分歧等之处 * One point in favour of her plan is its cheapness. 她的计画可取之处是花费少. * explain a theory point by point, ie explain each individual idea in it, in order 逐点阐释一理论. 11 [C] (a) thing said as part of a discussion 论点; 见解; 观点:

point2
* Various committee members made interesting points. 许多委员提出了使人关注的意见. (b) effective argument 有力的论据: * `But she might not agree. ’ `You've got a point there/That's a point (ie I had not thought of that.) ’. ‘可是她有可能不同意呀.’‘你说得对[有道理]（我没想到这一点）.’ 12 [C] distinctive feature or characteristic 特点; 特徵: * sb's good, strong, bad, weak, etc points 某人的优点、 长处、 缺点、 弱点 * I'm afraid tidiness is not his strong point, ie he is untidy. 我看他这个人不大讲究整洁. 13 the point [sing] the matter under discussion; the essential thing 谈论的事; 要点; 核心问题: * Let's stop discussing trivial details and come/get to the point. 咱们别再谈琐碎细节了, 说正事吧. * The speaker kept wandering off/away from the point. 讲演的那个人总是走题. * The point (at issue) is this.... 问题的要点是这样的.... 14 [U, sing] essential meaning, main feature (of a story, joke, remark, etc); reason; purpose; value （故事、 笑话、 意见等的）中心意思, 重点; 理由; 目的; 价值: * get, see, miss, understand the point of sth 明白、 了解、 不明白、 理解某事的中心意思 * a story, remark, etc with a/some/no/little point (to it) 有[有些/没有/没什麽]重点的故事、 意见等 * There's not much point in complaining; they never take any notice. 埋怨也没什麽用, 人家根本不理睬. 15 [U] (fml 文) effectiveness; urgency 效力; 鼓动力: * speech, words, remarks, etc that have/lack point 有[没有]分量的讲话、 词语、 话等. 16 [C] (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) electrical socket, into which a plug is put 插座: * a lighting, power, cooker point 照明、 电源、 电炊具插座 * a 13-amp point 13安培的插座. 17 points [pl] (in ballet) the tips of the toes （芭蕾舞用语）足尖, 脚尖: * dancing on points 用足尖跳舞. 18 points [pl] (Brit) (US switch) set of movable rails at a place where a railway line divides into two tracks, which can be altered to allow a train to use either track （铁路上的）转辙器, 道岔:

point3
* change/switch the points 转换道岔 * [attrib 作定语] a points lever, mechanism, etc 转辙器扳手、 装置等. 19 [sing, U] (in cricket) fielder near the batsman on the off side; his position （板球中的）（击球员右侧的）防守球员, 防守位置. 20 [U] (as a compound after a number 用於数词後构成复合词) unit of measurement of type-size in printing （作活字大小单位的）点: * 6-point is small and 18-point is large6点的活字小, 18点的活字大. 21 (idm 习语) at the ,point of a `sword, `gun, etc by threatening sb with death or wounding by a sword, gun, etc 以死威胁某人; 用剑、 枪等加害某人: * captured at the point of a sword 在武力威胁下被捕. beside the `point irrelevant 离题的; 不相干的. carry/gain one's `point persuade people to accept one's argument 说服别人接受自己的论点. a case in point => case1. the finer points => fine2. give sb points (at sth) offer sb advantages and still win 比赛中向某人让分而仍获胜: * He can give me points at golf, ie He plays better than I do. 打高尔夫球他让我几分还能赢. have one's `points have certain good qualities 有某些优点: * I suppose wine has its points, but I prefer beer. 葡萄酒固然有它的好处, 但我还是喜欢啤酒. if/when it ,comes to the `point if or when the moment for action or decision comes 到必须采取行动时; 到做决定时: * If it came to the point, would you sacrifice your job for your principles? 必要时你肯为坚持原则而牺牲工作吗? in ,point of `fact in reality; actually 事实上; 实际上: * He said he would pay, but in point of fact he has no money. 他说他付钱, 可实际上他并没有钱. labour the point => labour2. make one's `point explain fully what one is proposing 充分解释自己提出的事: * All right, you've made your point; now keep quiet and let the others say what they think. 好啦, 你已经把话说清楚了; 那就别说了, 让别人谈谈看法. make a point of doing sth do sth because one considers it important or necessary 认为做某事重要或有必要:

point4
* I always make a point of checking that all the windows are shut before I go out. 我出门前总是要检查所有的窗户, 看是否都关好了. a moot point/question => moot. not to put too fine a point on it => fine2. on the point of doing sth just about to do sth 正要做某事时: * I was on the point of going to bed when you rang. 你来电话时我正要睡觉. on `points (of a win in boxing) by the number of points scored without knocking out one'sopponent （指拳击取胜）靠点数. a ,point of de`parture(a) place or time at which a journey begins 启程的地点或时间. (b) (fig 比喻) starting point for a discussion or enterprise （讨论或事业的）起点: * Let's take `Das Kapital' as a point of departure for our survey of Marxism. 咱们以《资本论》为出发点来研究一下马克思主义. a ,point of `honour/`conscience thing of great importance to one's honour or conscience 关系到荣誉或良心的事: * I always pay my debts punctually; it's a point of honour with me. 我还债总是很准时, 这是我的名誉问题. the ,point of `no `return (a) point (on a long voyage, flight, etc) at which fuel supplies, etc will not be sufficient for a return to the starting point, so that one must continue the journey in order to survive 航线临界点（长途航行中之某处, 燃料等不敷返回原地之用只得继续前进）. (b) (fig 比喻) point at which one becomes committed to an action or a decision that cannot be reversed （行动或决定）已到欲罢不能的境地. a ,point of `order (in formal discussions, eg debates) matter of correct procedure according to the rules （正式讨论中, 如辩论时）（符合规定的）程序问题: * On a point of order, Mr Chairman, can associate members vote on this matter? 主席先生, 按规定准会员对这件事可以投票吗? a/one's ,point of `view attitude; opinion 态度; 观点; 看法: * This is unacceptable from my point of view. 依我看, 这事不能同意.

point5
* What's your point of view on nuclear power? 你对核动力有什麽看法? possession is nine points of the law => possession. prove one's/the case/point => prove. score a point/points => score2. a sore point => sore. stretch a point => stretch. one's/sb's strong point/suit => strong. take sb's `point understand and accept sb's argument 理解并接受某人的论点. to the `point (in a way that is) relevant and appropriate 中肯; 恰当: * remarks that were very much to the point 切中要害的评论 * His speech was short and to the point. 他的讲话简明中肯. to the point of sth to a degree that can be described as sth 达到某程度: * His manner was abrupt to the point of rudeness. 他举止唐突, 近乎粗鲁. up to a (certain) `point to some extent; in some degree 在某程度上: * I agree with you up to a (certain) point. 我在某种程度上同意你的看法. 复合： `point-duty n [U] (Brit) traffic control by a policeman standing typically in the middle of the road （警察在马路中间指挥交通的）岗位值勤. `pointsman n (pl -men) (Brit) (US `switchman) person in charge of railway points （铁路的）转辙工, 扳道工. ,point-to-`point n (Brit) race on horses across country from one point to another 定点越野赛马.

pointer
[5pCintE(r); 5pCintl] n 1 long thin piece of metal, plastic, etc which moves to indicate figures, positions, etc on a dial, scale, etc （仪表盘、 刻度等上的）指针. 2 rod or stick used to point to things on a map, blackboard, etc （作指示用的）棍、 教鞭等. 3 ~ (on sth) (infml 口) piece of advice 意见; 主意: * Could you give me a few pointers on how to tackle the job? 这工作怎麽做, 你能不能给我出点主意? 4 ~ (to sth) thing that shows likely future developments （预示事物发展的）暗示, 线索: * journalists studying the minister's speechfor pointers to the contents of next month's policy statement研究部长讲话以揣摩下月施政报告中的动向的新闻工作者. 5 large short-haired hunting dog trained to stand still with its nose pointing in the direction of hunted birds, etc which it smells （经训练可示意猎物方向的）短毛大猎犬.

pointillism
[ 5pRIntIlIzEm, also 5pwAnti:IzEm; `pRIntl9IzEm,`pwAnti9IzEm] n [U] technique of painting developed in France in the late 19th century in which the picture is built up from tiny dots of different colours which the eye sees as a blend of colour 点彩画法（19世纪末从法国发展起来的绘画方法）. 派生： pointillist[-list; -list] n person who paints in this way 点彩派画家.

pointless
[5pCintlis; 5pCintlis] adj with little or no sense, aim or purpose 无意义的; 无目标的: * make a pointless remark 说不相干的话 * It is pointless to have a car if you cannot drive it! 假若不会开汽车, 有辆汽车又有什麽用呢? > pointlessly adv. pointlessness n [U]: * the pointlessness of his existence 他生活毫无目标.

poise
[pCiz; pCiz] v [Ipr, Ip, Tn.pr, Tn.p] be or keep (sth) balanced or suspended 处於平衡或悬起状态; 使（某物）平衡或悬起: * The eagle poised in mid-air ready to swoop on its prey. 那鹰在半空中盘旋准备扑向猎物. * He poised the javelin in his hand before throwing it. 他把手中标枪握稳後掷了出去. 派生： poise n [U] 1 graceful and balanced (control of) bodily position or movement （身体的优美而平衡的）姿势, 动作（的控制）: poise of the body, head, etc 身体、 头部等优美的姿势 * moving with the assured poise of a ballet dancer 带有芭蕾舞演员那种稳健姿势的动作. 2 quiet dignified self-confidence and self-control （安然的）自信, 自制: a woman of great poise 极稳重的女子. poised adj 1 [pred 作表语] ~ (in, on, above, etc sth) in a state of balance, stillness 平衡; 平稳: poised on tiptoe, in mid-air, etc 用足尖、 在半空中...保持平衡 * sth poised on the edge of a table, ie likely to fall off if lightly touched 在桌子边上稍触即掉的东西. 2 [pred 作表语] ~ (in/on/above/for sth); ~ (to do sth) (of people, animals, etc) in a state of physical tension, ready for action （指人、 动物等）身体处於紧张状态, 准备行动: poised on the edge of the swimming-pool, ie ready to jump in 在游泳池边作出跳水的姿势 * (fig 比喻) The Allies were poised (ie ready) for their invasion of Europe. 同盟国准备随时入侵欧洲. * Combined Breweries arepoised to (ie about to) take over the British Beer Company.联合酿酒公司准备接管不列颠啤酒公司. 3 (fig 比喻) calmly self-controlled; full of poise (2) 泰然自若的; 自信的; 自制的: a poised young lady 文静自若的年轻女子 * a poised manner 沉着的态度.

poison
[5pCizn; 5pCizn] n [C, U] 1 substance causing death or harm if absorbed by a living thing (animal or plant) 毒药; 毒物: * rat poison 老鼠药 * poison for killing weeds 除草剂 * commit suicide by taking poison 服毒自杀 * [attrib 作定语] poison gas, ie esp as used to kill people in war 毒气（尤指战争中用的）. 2 (infml derog 口, 贬) extremely unpleasant food 极糟的食物: * I'm not eating that poison! 我可不吃那种猪食! 派生： poison v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (with sth) 1 (a) give poison to (a living thing); kill or harm sb/sth with poison 施毒於（某生物）; 用毒药毒死或毒害某人[某物]: His wife poisoned him with arsenic. 他妻子用砒霜把他毒死了. * Are our children being poisoned by lead in the atmosphere? 我们的儿童是否受着空气中铅的毒害? (b) put poison in sth 在某物中放毒: The chemical companies are poisoning our rivers with effluent. 这些化学公司排出废水污染着我们的河流. 2 (a) injure sth morally; corrupt sth （在道德上）败坏某事物; 腐化某事物: poison sb's mind with propaganda 通过宣传毒害某人的思想. (b) fill sth with suffering, bitterness, etc; spoil or ruin sth 使某事物受苦、 受难、 受罪等; 破坏或毁坏某事物: a quarrel which poisoned our friendship 有损我们友谊的争吵 * an experience that poisons sb's life 使某人一生受害的经历. 3 (idm 习语) poison A's mind against B (derog ) make A dislike B by telling A bad and usu untrue things about B 对A说B的坏话（通常指不实之词）. poisoned adj 1 inflamed because of an infected cut, scratch, etc （因伤口感染等）发炎的: a poisoned hand 发炎的手. 2 having poison applied to it 有毒的; 施过毒药的: a poisoned arrow 毒箭. poisoner/ 5pRIzEnE(r); `pRIzEnL/ n person who murders by means of poison 施毒者. poisoning[5pCizEniN; 5pCizEniN] n [C, U] (act or result of) giving or taking poison 施毒; 中毒: * blood poisoningpoison1 /// * lead poisoning, ie poisoning by lead 铅中毒. poisonous[5pCizEnEs; 5pCiznEs] adj 1 (a) using poison as a means of attacking enemies or prey 用毒物杀敌或猎物的: * poisonous snakes, insects, etc 毒蛇、 有毒 的昆虫. (b) causing death or illness if taken into the body 引起中毒的: * poisonous plants, chemicals 有毒的植物、 化学物质. 2 (fig derog 比喻, 贬) (a) morally harmful 败坏道德的: * the poisonous doctrine of racialsuperiority 毒害良知的种族优越论. (b) spiteful; malicious恶意的; 恶毒的: * sb with a poisonous tongue, ie who spreads malicious rumours about people 言语恶毒的人. poisonously adv. 复合： ,poison-`pen letter malicious letter sent deliberatelyto upset or offend the receiver 诽谤信.

poke
1[pEuk; pok] v 1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (with sth) push sb/sth sharply (with a stick, one's finger, etc); jab sb/sth （用棍棒、 手指等）捅、 拨或戳某人[某物]: * poke sb in the ribs, ie nudge him in a friendly way 轻触某人肋部（促其注意） * poke the fire (with a poker), ie to make it burn more strongly 用通条捅火（使之更旺）. (b) [Tn.pr] ~ sth in sth make (a hole) in sth by pushing one's finger, a sharp instrument, etc through it （用手指、 尖物等）在某物上扎（洞）: * Poke two holes in the sack so you can see through it. 在袋子上戳两个洞就能透过它看了. (c) [Ipr] ~ at sth make repeated small pushing movements at sth 反覆轻推某物: * She poked at her meal unenthusiastically. 她无精打采地拨弄着盘中的饭菜. 2 [Tn.pr, Tn.p] put or move sth in a specified direction, with a sharp push; thrust 猛推某物; 插; 刺: * She poked her finger into the hole. 她把手指插入那孔中. * poke food through the bars of a cage 把食物从笼子的栏杆间塞进去 * poke one's head out of a window 把头伸出窗外 * Mind you don't poke her eye out with that stick! 小心别让那杆子扎着她的眼睛! * He poked his head round the door to see if she was in the room. 他在门口探一下头, 看她是否在屋里. =>Usage at nudge 用法见nudge. 3 (idm 习语) poke `fun at sb/sth (usu derog 通常作贬义) make fun of sb/sth; mock or ridicule sb/sth 开某人[某事物]的玩笑; 嘲弄或嘲笑某人[某事物]: * He enjoys poking fun at others. 他好开别人的玩笑. poke/stick one's nose into sth => nose1. 4 (phr v) poke about/around (infml 口) search inquisitively 好奇地寻找或打听: * Why are you poking about among my papers? 你为什麽乱翻我的文件? poke out of/through sth; poke out/through/up be visible coming through (a hole, slit, etc); protrude （从洞、 缝等中）呈现, 显露; 伸出: * a pen poking out (of sb's pocket) （从某人口袋中）露出的钢笔

poke1
* I see a finger poking through (a hole in your glove). 我看见你的手指（从你手套的窟窿里）露出来了. * A few daffodils were already poking up, ie starting to grow. 有几棵水仙花已经开始抽芽. 派生： poke n act of poking; nudge 捅; 拨; 戳; 刺; 轻触: give the fire a poke 拨一拨火 * give sb a poke in the ribs 捅某人肋部一下.

poker
1[5pEukE(r); 5pokl] n strong metal rod or bar for moving or breaking up coal in a fire 拨火棒; 通条. 复合： `poker-work n [U] (a) art of making designs, pictures, etc on wood, leather, etc by burning the surface with a very hot tool 烙画术, 烫画术（用烙铁在木、 皮革等上烙出图案等）. (b) such designs 烙画; 烫画.

poky
[5pEuki; 5poki] adj (-ier, -iest) (infml derog 口, 贬) (of a place, house, flat, etc) small; limited in space （指地方、 房子、 公寓等）小的, 狭小的: * a poky little room 狭窄的小屋. > pokiness n [U].

polar
[5pEulE(r); 5poll] adj [attrib 作定语] 1 of or near the North or South Pole （南、 北）极的; 地极的; 近地极的: * polar ice 地极的冰 * the polar regions 极区. 2 of (one of) the poles of a magnet 磁极的: * polar attraction 极向引力. 3 (fml 文) (of opposites) complete; extreme （指相对的事物）完全相反的, 极端对立的. 派生： polarity/pE'lrEti; pE'lArEti] n 1 [U, C] (in a magnet) possession or location of negative and positive poles （磁体的）极性: * the polarity of a magnet 磁体的极性 * reversed polarity/polarities 反转极性. 2 [U] ~ (between A and B) (fig 比喻) difference or separation (between people or things) in condition, views, etc （人或物之间条件、 看法等的）分歧, 对立: * the growing polarity between the left and right wings of the party 党内左右翼间日益增大的分歧. 复合： `polar bear white bear living in the north polar regions 北极熊; 白熊. =>illus at bear 见bear插图.

polarize, polarise
[5pEulEraiz; 5polE7raiz] v 1 [Tn] (physics 物) cause (light-waves, etc) to vibrate in a single direction or plane 使（光波等）偏振. 2 [Tn] give magnetic polarity to (a body) 使（物体）极化; 使有极性. 3 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth/sb) (into sth) (cause people, views, etc to) form into two groups which conflict with or are completely opposite to each other （使人、 观点等）两极分化, 相冲突, 截然相反: * Public opinion has polarized on this issue. 在这个问题上公众的意见已两极分化. * an issue which has polarized public opinion 使舆论两极分化的问题. 派生： polarization, -isation[7pEulErai'zeiFn; - -ri5z-;7polErE'zeFEn] n [C, U] act of polarizing; state of being polarized 偏振（现象）; 极化（作用）; 两极分化.

Polaroid
[5pEulErCid; 5polE7rCid] n (propr 专利名) 1[U] thin transparent film put on sun-glasses, car windows, etc to lessen the brightness of sunlight （太阳眼镜、 汽车窗户等上的）偏光薄膜. 2 Polaroids [pl] sun-glasses treated with Polaroid 有偏光薄膜的太阳眼镜. 复合： ,Polaroid `camera camera that can produce photographs within seconds after the picture has been taken 拍立得（亦译宝丽莱）照相机（一次成像的）.

Pole
[pEul; pol] n native or inhabitant of Poland 波兰人.

pole
axe

polecat
[5pEulkAt; 5pol7kAt] n 1 small European animal of the weasel family which has dark brown fur and gives off an unpleasant smell 艾鼬. 2 (US) = skunk.

polemic
[pE'lemik; pE'lemik] n (fml 文) 1 (a) [C] ~ (against/in favour of sth/sb) speech, piece of writing, etc containing very forceful arguments (against or for sth/sb) （反对或赞成某事物[某人]的）慷慨陈词, 辩论文章: * He launched into a fierce polemic against the government's policies. 他猛烈地抨击政府的政策. (b) [U] such speeches, pieces of writing, etc 慷慨陈词; 辩论文章: * engage in polemic 进行辩论. 2 polemics [pl] art or practice of arguing a case formally and usu forcefully 辩论法; 争辩术. 派生： polemical[-ikl; -ikl] (also polemic) adj (fml 文) 1 [attrib 作定语] of polemics 辩论法的; 争辩术的: * polemic(al) skills 辩论的技巧. 2 arguing a case veryforcefully, often with the intention of being controversialor provocative 好辩的; 挑起争论的: * a polemic(al) article, speech, etc 挑起争论的文章、 讲话等. polemically[-klI; -klI/ adv. polemicist/pE'lemisist; pE'lemisist] n person skilled in polemics 善於辩论的人.

police
[pE'li:s; pE'lis] n (the) police [pl v] (members of an) official organization whose job is to keep public order, prevent and solve crime, etc 警方; 警察部门; 警察: * the local, state, national, etc police 地方、 州、 国家等的警察部门 * There were over 100 police on duty at the demonstration. 游行期间有100多名警察值勤. * The police have not made any arrests. 警方未逮捕任何人. * [attrib 作定语] a police car, enquiry, raid, report 警车、 警方的询问、 警方的突击搜查、 警方的报告. 派生： police v [Tn] keep order in (a place) with or as if with police; control 维持（某地）的治安; 监督: The teachers on duty are policing the school buildings during the lunch hour. 在午饭时间, 值班教师负责维持校内秩序. * (fig 比喻) a committee to police the new regulations, ie make sure they are obeyed 监督实施新规章的委员会. 复合： po,lice `constable (abbr 缩写 PC) (also constable)(in Britain and some other countries) policeman or policewoman of the lowest rank （英国及某些国家中的）普通警员. po`lice dog dog trained to track or attack suspected criminals 警犬. po`lice force body of police officers of a country, district or town （国家、 地区、 城镇全体的）警察. po`liceman[-mEn; -mEn] n (pl -men[-mEn; -mEn] ) male member of the police force （男）警察. po`lice-officer (also officer) n policeman or policewoman（男或女）警察. po`lice state (derog 贬) country controlled by political police, usu a totalitarian state 警察国家（通常为极权主义国家）. po`lice station office of a local police force 警察局; 警察分局; 派出所: The suspect was taken to the police station for questioning. 那个嫌疑犯被带到警察局问话. po`licewoman n (pl -women) (abbr 缩写 PW) female member of the police force （女）警察.

policy
1[5pClEsi; 5palEsi] n [U, C] ~ (on sth) plan of action, statement of ideals, etc proposed or adopted by a government, political party, business, etc （政府、 政党、 公司等的）方针, 政策: * according to our present policy 据我们的现行政策 * adopt fresh policies 采取新政策 * British foreign policy 英国的外交政策 * What is the Labour Party's policy on immigration? 工党在移民问题上的政策是怎样的? * (fig 比喻) Is honesty the best policy (ie the best principle for people to live by)? 诚实是不是处世的最佳原则? * [attrib 作定语] a policy maker 制定政策的人.

polio
[5pEuliEu; 5polio] (also fml 正规作 poliomyelitis/ 9pEUlIEU9maIE5laItIs; 9polIo9maIE`laItIs/) n [U] infectious disease caused by a virus in which the spinal cord becomes inflamed, often resulting in paralysis 脊髓灰质炎; 小儿麻痹症: * [attrib 作定语] polio vaccine 脊髓灰质炎疫苗 * ,anti-`polio injections 预防小儿麻痹症的注射.

Polish
[5pEuliF; 5poliF] adj of Poland or the Poles 波兰的; 波兰人的. 派生： Polish n [U] language of the Poles 波兰语: written in Polish 用波兰文写的.

politburo
[5pClitbjuErEu; 5palitbjuro] n (pl ~s) chiefparty decision-making committee in Communist countries（共产党国家中）党的政治局.

polite
[pE'lait; pE'lait] adj 1 having or showing that one has good manners and consideration for other people 有礼貌的; 客气的: * a polite child 有礼貌的孩子 * It wasn't very polite of you to serve yourself without asking. 你也不问一声就自己吃起来是不太礼貌的. * making a few polite remarks to keep the conversation going 说几句客气话以免谈话冷场. 2 [attrib 作定语] (fml 文) (typical) of a superior class in society; refined （典型的）上流社会的; 高雅的; 有教养的: * a rude word not mentioned in polite society 在上流社会中不说的粗话. 派生： politely adv. politeness n (a) [U] quality of being polite 有礼貌; 客气: He was noted for his politeness. 大家都知道他很有礼貌. (b) [C] polite act 有礼貌的表现: I recall his many politenesses over the years. 我还记得他多年来很多有礼貌的事情.

politic
[5pClEtik; 5palE7tik] adj (fml 文) (of actions) well judged; prudent （指行为）得当的, 审慎的: * When the fight began, he thought it politic to leave. 刚一打起来他就想到还是走为上策.

political
[pE'litikl; pE'litikl] adj 1 of the State; of government; of public affairs in general 政治的; 国家的; 政府的; 政权的; 行政的: * political rights, liberties, etc 政治的权利、 自由等 * a political system 政治制度. 2 of the conflict or rivalry between two or more parties 政党的; 党派的; 党派斗争的: * a political party, debate, crisis 政党、 政治论战、 政治危机 * political skill, know-how, opinions 为政之术、 为政之道、 政见 * a party political broadcast, eg to explain government policy 党的施政广播（如阐述政府的政策） 3 (of actions) considered to be harmful to the State or government （指行为）被认为有害於国家或政府的: * a political offence, crime, etc 政治上的违法行为、 政治罪 * imprisoned on political grounds 由於政治原因而被监禁. 4 (of people) interested in or active in politics （指人）关心政治的, 政治上活跃的: * sb who is very political (in outlook) 颇有政治头脑的人 * I'm not a political animal, ie person. 我不是搞政治的. 5 (euph derog 婉, 贬) concerned with power, status, etc within an organization rather than with the true merits of a case 互相倾轧的; 实际上与权位等利益有关的: * One suspects he was dismissed for political reasons. 有人 怀疑他是由於人事上的原因而被解职的. * It must have been a political decision. 这一决定准是和互相倾轧有关. 派生： politically[-kli; -kli] adv with regard to politics 政治上: * a politically active, astute, nave, etc person 政治上很活跃、 很精明、 很幼稚...的人 * politically useful, sound, disastrous, etc ideas 政治上有好处、 没问题、 祸害无穷等的意见 * a politically sensitive decision 政治上很敏感的决定. 复合： po,litical a`sylum protection given by a state to sb who has left his own country because he opposes its government （某国给予他国之流亡人士的）政治庇护: seek/ask for/be granted political asylum 寻求[申请/获得]政治庇护.

political1
po,litical ge`ography geography dealing with boundaries,communications, etc between countries 政治地理学（研究国与国之间的边界、 地域交往等）. po,litical `prisoner person who is imprisoned because he or she opposes the (system of) government 政治犯（因反对政府或其政治制度而遭关押者）. po,litical `science (also politics) academic study of government and political institutions 政治学.

politician
[7pCli'tiFn; 7palE'tiFEn] n 1 person actively (and usu professionally) concerned with politics 积极从事政治活动的人; （通常指职业的）政治家. 2 (often derog 常作贬义) person who is skilled at handling people or situations, or at getting people to do what he wants 政客; 玩弄权术者: * You need to be a bit of a politician to succeed in this company. 要想在这家公司步步登高, 就需要耍点手腕.

politicize, politicise
[pE'litisaiz; pE'litE7saiz] v [I, Tn] (cause sb/sth to) become politically conscious or organized（使某人[某事物]）具有政治性或政党化: * The strike has now been politicized. 这次罢工现已带有政治色彩.

politicking
[5pClEtikiN; 5palE7tikiN] n [U, C] (often derog 常作贬义) political activity, esp to win votes or support 政治活动（尤指拉选票或拉拢支持者）: * A lot of politicking preceded the choice of the new director. 在选新领导人之前进行了大量的拉拢活动.

polity
[5pClEti; 5palEti] n (fml 文) 1 [U] form or process of government 政权形式; 政体. 2 [C] society as an organized state 国家组织; 政府.

polka
[5pClkE; - 'pEulkE; 5polkE] n (piece of music for a) lively dance of E European origin 波尔卡舞（源自东欧的一种轻快舞蹈）; 波尔卡舞曲. 复合： `polka dots regular pattern of large dots on cloth （布料上的）圆点图案: [attrib 作定语] a polka-dot scarf 有圆点图案的围巾. =>illus at pattern 见pattern插图.

pollard
[5pClEd; 5palld] (also poll) v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] cut off the top of (a tree) so that many new thin branches will grow, forming a dense head of leaves 截去（树）的梢（以便长出繁茂的枝叶形成树冠）: * The willows need to be pollarded. 这些柳树需截去树梢. 派生： pollard n pollarded tree 截去了梢的树.

pollen
[5pClEn; 5palEn] n [U] fine (usu yellow) powder formed in flowers, which fertilizes other flowers when carried to them by the wind, insects, etc 花粉. 复合： `pollen count number indicating the amount of pollen in the atmosphere, used as a guide to possible attacks of hay fever, etc 花粉计数（指示空气中的花粉数量, 供预测枯草热等病症之参考）.

pollinate
[5pClEneit; 5palE7net] v [Tn] make (sth) fertile with pollen 给（某物）传授花粉. > pollination[7pClE'neiFn; 7palE'neFEn] n [U].

pollster
[5pEulstE(r); 5polstl] n (infml 口) person who conducts public-opinion polls 民意测验者; 民意调查者.

pollute
[pE'lu:t; pE'lut] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) 1 make sth dirty or impure, esp by adding harmful or unpleasant substances 污染或弄脏某物或使某物含有杂质（尤指因搀入有害的或不好的物质）: * rivers polluted with chemical waste from factories 受到工厂排放的化学废料污染的河流 * polluted water, ie unfit to drink 污染的水（不宜饮用）. 2 (fig 比喻) destroy the purity or sanctity of sth; corrupt 玷污或亵渎某事物; 败坏: * pollute the minds of the young with foul propaganda 宣传不良事物腐蚀青年人的思想. 派生： pollutant[-Ent; -Ent] n substance that pollutes, eg exhaust fumes from motor vehicles 污染物质（如机动车辆排出的废气）: * releasing pollutants into the atmosphere 将污染物质排放到空气里. pollution/pE'lu:Fn; pE'luFEn] n [U] (a) polluting or being polluted 污染; 弄脏; 玷污; 亵渎; 败坏: * the pollution of our beaches with oil 石油对我们海滩的污染. (b) substance that pollutes 污染物质.

polo
[5pEulEu; 5polo] n [U] game in which players onhorseback try to hit the ball into a goal using long-handledhammers 马球（体育运动, 骑马用长柄槌将球击入球门）. 复合： `polo neck (style of) high round turned-over collar 圆高翻领; 圆高翻领式样: [attrib 作定语] a ,polo-neck `sweater 套头高翻领毛衣. =>illus at neck 见neck插图.

polonaise
[7pClE'neiz; 7palE'nez] n (piece of music for a) slow dance of Polish origin 波洛内兹舞（源出波兰的慢步舞）; 波洛内兹舞曲.

poltergeist
[5pCltEgaist; 5poltl7gaist] n type of ghost that makes loud noises, throws objects about, etc （弄出噪声、 乱扔东西等的）鬼.

poly
[5pCli; 5pali] n (pl ~s) (infml 口) = polytechnic.

polyandry
[5pCliAndri; 5pali7Andri] n [U] custom of having more than one husband at the same time 一妻多夫（制）. 派生： polyandrous[7pCli'AndrEs; 7pali'AndrEs] adj 1 of or practising polyandry 一妻多夫的; 实行一妻多夫制的. 2 (botany 植) (of plants) having many stamens （指植物）多雄蕊的.

polyanthus
[7pCli'AnWEs; 7pali'AnWEs] n [U, C] garden plant of the primrose family, with several (usu multi-coloured) flowers on one stalk 西洋樱草; 多花水仙.

polyester
[7pCli'estE(r); - 'pCli:estEr; 7pali'estl] n [U, C] artificial fabric used for making clothes, etc 聚酯纤维: * [attrib 作定语] a polyester shirt 聚酯纤维衬衫.

polyethylene
[7pCli'eWEli:n; 7pali'eWE7lin] n [U] (US) = polythene.

polygamy
[pE'ligEmi; pE'ligEmi] n [U] custom of having more than one wife at the same time 一夫多妻（制）. Cf 参看 monogamy. 派生： polygamist[-gEmist; -gEmist] man who practices this 多配偶的男子. polygamous/pE'ligEmEs; pE'ligEmEs] adj of or practising polygamy 一夫多妻的; 实行一夫多妻制的.

polyglot
[5pCliglCt; 5pali7glat] adj (fml 文) knowing, using or written in many languages 通晓或使用多种语言的; 以多种语言写成的: * a polyglot edition 多语种对照的版本. 派生： polyglot n person who speaks many languages 操多种语言的人.

polygon
[5pCligEn; - -gCn; 5pali7gan] n (geometry 几) figure with many (usu five or more) straight sides 多边形, 多角形（通常指至少有五个直边）. > polygonal/ pE5lIgEnl; pE`lI^Enl/ adj.

polyhedron
[7pCli'hi:drEn; 7pali'hidrEn] n (pl ~s or -hedra[-'hi:drE; -'hidrE] ) solid figure with many (usu seven or more) faces 多面体（通常指至少有七面）.

polymath
[5pClimAW; 5palE7mAW] n (fml approv 文, 褒) person who knows a great deal about many different subjects 博学之士.

polymer
[5pClimE(r); 5palEml] n (chemistry 化) natural or artificial compound made up of large molecules which are themselves made from combinations of small simple molecules 聚合物; 聚合体.

polymorphous
[7pCli'mC:fEs; 7pali'mCrfEs] , polymorphic[-fIk; -fIk/ adjs (fml 文) having or passing through many stages (of development, growth, etc) （在发展或成长中）有多种形式或形态的.

polyp
[5pClip; 5palip] n 1 (biology 生) very simple form of animal (eg a sea anemone) found in water 水螅体（如海葵）: * Coral is formed by certain types of polyp. 珊瑚是由某些水螅体构成的. 2 (medical 医) any of several kinds of tumour (eg in the nose) 息肉（如鼻腔中的）. > polypous[-pEs; -pEs] adj.

polyphony
[pE'lifEni; pE'lifEni] n [U] combination of several different melodic patterns to form a single pieceof music; counterpoint 复音音乐; 对位法. > polyphonic/ 9pClI5fCnIk; 9pBlI`fBnIk/ adj.

polystyrene
[7pCli'stairi:n; 7pali'stairin] n [U] type of light firm plastic with good insulating properties, used esp for making containers 聚苯乙烯: * [attrib 作定语] a polystyrene box 聚苯乙烯塑料盒.

polysyllable
[5pClisilEbl; 5palE7silEbl] n word of several (usu more than three) syllables 多音节词（通常指多於叁个音节者）. > polysyllabic[7pClisi'lbik;7palEsi'lAbik] adj.

polytechnic
[7pCli'teknik; 7palE'teknik] (also infml 口语作 poly) n (esp in Britain) college for advanced full-time and part-time education, esp in scientific and technical subjects （尤指英国的）理工学院: * [attrib 作定语] polytechnic courses, students 理工学院的课程、 学生.

polytheism
[5pCliWi:izEm; 5palEWi7izEm] n [U] belief in or worship of more than one god 多神信仰; 多神论; 多神崇拜. Cf 参看 monotheism. > polytheistic[7pCliWi:'istik; 7palEWi'istik] adj.

polythene
[5pCliWi:n; 5palEWin] n [U] type of plastic widely used in the form of flexible, often transparent, sheets for waterproof packaging, insulation, etc 聚乙烯: * [attrib 作定语] a polythene bag, cover 聚乙烯塑料袋、 套.

polyunsaturated
[7pCliQn'sAtFEreitid; 7paliQn'sAtFE7retid] adj (of many vegetable and some animal fats) having a chemical structure which does not help the harmful formation of cholesterol in the blood （指许多植物脂肪和一些动物脂肪）含有多重不饱和化合物的: * Polyunsaturated margarine is very popular now. 含有多重不饱和化合物的人造黄油现已很受欢迎. Cf 参看 saturated 2.

polyurethane
[7pCli'juEriWein; 7pali'jurE7Wen] n [U] type of plastic used in making paints 聚氨酯（用以制造油漆）: * [attrib 作定语] polyurethane gloss, ie paint that dries with a hard shiny surface 聚氨酯亮光漆.

pom
[pCm; pam] n (infml 口) 1 = pommy. 2 = pomeranian.

pomander
[pE'mAndE(r); po'mAndl] n (round container for a) ball of mixed sweet-smelling substances (eg flowers, leaves, spices, etc) used to perfume cupboards,rooms, etc 香丸（混有香味物质, 如花、 叶、 香料等, 用以使橱柜、 房间等生香）; 盛香丸的圆形容器; 香盒.

pomegranate
[5pCmigrAnit; 5pam7grAnit] n (tree with a) thick-skinned round fruit which, when ripe, has a reddish centre full of large juicy seeds 石榴（树）: * [attrib 作定语] pomegranate juice, seeds 石榴汁、 子.

Pomeranian
[7pCmE'reiniEn; 7pamE'reniEn] (also infml口语作 pom) n type of small long-haired dog 波美拉尼亚狗（一种长毛小狗）.

pommel
[5pCml; 5paml] n 1 rounded part of a saddle which sticks up at the front （马鞍的）前桥（鞍前向上突起的圆形部分）; 鞍头. 2 rounded knob on the handle of a sword （剑柄上的）圆球. > pommel[5pQml; 5pQml] v (-ll-; US -l-) [Tn] = pummel.

pommy
[5pCmi; 5pami] n (Austral or NZ infml usu derog 澳或新西兰, 口, 通常作贬义) (also pom) British person 英国人.

pomp
[pCmp; pamp] n [U] 1 (a) splendid display or magnificence, esp at a public event 宏伟壮观的景象（尤指群众场面）; 盛况: * the pomp and ceremony of the State Opening of Parliament 国会揭幕的盛况. (b) (derog 贬) such display seen as trivial and meaningless 不必要和无意义的铺张和排场; 虚荣; 浮华: * forsaking worldly pomp for the life of a monk 摒弃世间的浮华而出家. 2 (idm 习语) pomp and circumstance magnificent and/or ceremonious display and procedure 盛大的和[或]隆重的场面和仪式.

pompous
[5pCmpEs; 5pampEs] adj (derog 贬) feeling, or showing that one feels, that one is much more important than other people 自大的; 自负的; 浮夸的: * a pompous official 自命不凡的官员 * pompous language, ie full of high-sounding words 浮夸的语言. 派生： pomposity/pCm'pCsEti; pam'pasEti] n (a) [U] being pompous 自大; 自负; 浮夸. (b) [C] instance of this 自大; 自负; 浮夸. pompously adv.

ponce
[pCns; pans] n (Brit) 1 man who lives with a prostitute and lives on her earnings 与妓女同居并靠其养活的男子. 2 (infml derog 口, 贬) man who acts in a showy, esp effeminate, way 爱炫耀的男子; （尤指）女人气的男子. 派生： ponce v (phr v) ponce about/around (Brit infml derog 口, 贬) (a) act in a showy, esp effeminate, way炫耀; （尤指）表现女子气. (b) act or behave in an ineffective or time-wasting way 游手好闲: Stop poncing about and get that job finished. 别闲逛了, 把那活儿干完了吧.

poncho
[5pCntFEu; 5pantFo] n (pl ~s) type of cloak made from a large piece of cloth with a slit in the middle for the head （大块布料正中开领口的）斗篷.

pond
[pCnd; pand] n small area of still water, esp one used or made as a drinking place for cattle or as an ornamental garden pool 池塘（尤指供牲畜饮水或作为花园之装饰者）: * a fish pond 养鱼池 * [attrib 作定语] pond life, ie animals living in a pond 在池塘中生活的动物.

ponder
[5pCndE(r); 5pandl] v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tw] ~ (on/over sth) think about (sth) carefully and for a long time, esp in trying to reach a decision; consider （长时间地仔细）考虑（某事物）（尤指以便作出决定）; 深思: * You have pondered long enough; it is time to decide. 你考虑的时间够长的了, 该作决定了. * I pondered (over) the incident, asking myself again and again how it could have happened. 我反覆思考那件事, 一再自问究竟是怎麽回事. * pondering on the meaning of life 深深地思索人生的意义 * I am pondering how to respond. 我在琢磨该怎样回答.

ponderous
[5pCndErEs; 5pandErEs] adj 1 slow and awkward because of great weight 笨重的: * a fat man's ponderous movements 胖男人的笨拙动作. 2 (derog 贬) (of speech, written style, etc) without vigour or inspiration; dull; laboured （指讲话、 文章风格等）沉闷的, 乏味的, 艰涩的. > ponderously adv. ponderousness n [U].

pone
[pEun; pon] n [U] = corn pone (corn1).

pong
[pCN; pCN] n (Brit infml often joc 口, 常作戏谑语) strong, usu unpleasant, smell 强烈的（通常为难闻的）气味: * What a horrible pong! 臭死了! 派生： pong v [I] smell strongly and usu unpleasantly 发生强烈的、 通常为难闻的气味. pongy[5pCNi; 5pCNi] adj (-ier, -iest): * Your feet are rather pongy! 你的脚真臭!

pontiff
[5pCntif; 5pantif] n 1 (arch 古) bishop; chief priest; high priest 主教; 大祭司. 2 the (Supreme) Pontiff the Pope 教皇; 教宗.

pontifical
[pCn'tifikl; pan'tifikl] adj 1 (a) of the Pope 教皇的; 教宗的. (b) [usu attrib 通常作定语] celebrated by a bishop, cardinal, etc 由主教、 红衣主教等主持的: * pontifical high mass 由主教、 红衣主教等主持的大弥撒. 2 (derog 贬) tending to pontificate; opinionated 独断专行的; 固执武断的.

pontificate
[pCn'tifikEt; pan'tifikEt] n office of a pontiff, esp of the Pope; period of this 主教或大祭司的职位或任期; （尤指）教皇的职位或任期. 派生： pontificate[-keit; -ket] v [I, Ipr] ~ (about/on sth) (derog 贬) speak as if one were the only person who knew the facts or had the right opinions about sth 武断地或自封为权威地谈论某事物: * He sat there pontificating about the legal system although it was clear that he knew very little about it. 他坐在那儿发表他对法制的高论, 虽然他对此一窍不通.

pontoon
1[pCn'tu:n; pan'tun] n any of a number of flat-bottomed boats or hollow metal structures joined together to support a temporary roadway over a river, an estuary, etc （作浮桥用的）平底船或金属空筒; 趸船: * [attrib 作定语] a pontoon bridge 浮桥.

pony
[5pEuni; 5poni] n 1 small type of horse 一种矮马; 小型马. 2 (dated Brit sl 旧, 俚) 25 25英镑. 3 (idm 习语) on Shanks's pony/mare => shank. 复合： `pony-tail n woman's or girl's long hair drawn back and tied at the back of the head so that it hangs like a horse's tail （女子的）马尾发型. =>illus at plait 见plait插图. `pony-trekking n [U] making a journey for pleasure by riding on ponies 骑小型马出游.

poodle
[5pu:dl; 5pudl] n type of small dog with thick curling hair which is often cut into an elaborate pattern 鬈毛小狗（其毛常经修剪）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page iii.

poof
[puf; puf] (pl ~s or pooves/pu:vz; puvz] ) n (also poofter[5puftE(r); 5puftl] ) (Brit sl derog 俚, 贬)(a) effeminate man 女人气的男子. (b) male homosexual男同性恋者.

pooh
[pu:; pu] interj (a) (used to express impatience orcontempt 用以表示不耐烦或轻蔑): * Pooh! What nonsense!呸! 胡说! (b) (used to express disgust at a bad smell 用以对难闻的气味表示厌恶): * Pooh! This meat is rotten. 嗳呀! 这肉臭啦.

pool
1[pu:l; pul] n 1 small area of still water, esp one that has formed naturally 水池, 水塘, 水坑（尤指自然形成者）: * After the rainstorm, there were pools on the roads. 暴雨过後路上有许多水洼儿. 2 shallow patch of water or other liquid lying on a surface 一滩水或其他液体: * The body was lying in a pool of blood. 体躺在血泊中. 3 place in a river where the water is deep and there isnot much current 河中水深甚少流动之处. 4 = swimming-pool (swim).

poop
[pu:p; pup] n (a) stern of a ship 船尾. (b) (also `poop deck) raised deck at the stern of a ship 船尾楼甲板.

pooped
[pu:pt; pupt] adj [pred 作表语] (also ,pooped `out) (infml 口 esp US) very tired; exhausted 很累; 筋疲力尽.

poor
[pC:(r); - puEr; pur] adj (-er, -est) 1 having very little money with which to buy one's basic needs 贫穷的; 贫困的: * She was too poor to buy clothes for her children. 她穷得没钱给孩子买衣服. * He came from a poor family. 他出身於穷苦人家. * the poorer countries of the world 世界上的贫穷国家. 2 [pred 作表语] ~ in sth having sth only in very small quantities; deficient in sth 缺乏某物; 某方面不足: * a country poor in minerals 缺乏矿产的国家 * soil poor in nutrients 缺少养分的土壤. 3 (a) not good; inadequate, esp in contrast with what is usual or expected 不好的, 不充分的, 不足的（尤与一般的或所期望的情况相比）: * We had a poor crop of raspberries this year. 今年我们的悬钩子歉收. * They received a poor return on their investment. 他们的投资获利甚微. * Attendance at the concert was very poor. 那次音乐会的上座率极低. * the party's poor performance in the election 该党在选举中的拙劣表现. (b) of low quality; deficient 劣质的; 不足的: * poor food, light, soil 劣质食品、 微弱的光线、 贫瘠的土壤 * a poor diet 粗劣的日常饮食 * be in poor health 健康欠佳 * Her remarks were in very poor taste. 她的话真没意思. (c) inferior; insignificant 差的; 无关紧要的: * Watching the event on television was a poor substitute for actually being there. 从电视上观看那个比赛比现场观看可差远了. * Getting third prize was poor consolation for all their hard work. 他们那麽努力才获得叁等奖, 真有点说不过去. * She came a poor second, ie a long way behind the winner. 她得了个第二名, 成绩很差（远远落在第一名的後面）. (d) (of a person) not good or skilled at sth （指人）在某方面不好的, 对某事物不熟练的: * a poor judge of character 对品性判断不准 * a poor loser, ie one who shows anger at losing in games or sport 输不起的人（输了就生气的人） * a poor sailor, ie sb who gets sea-sick easily 容易晕船的人.

poor1
4 (esp infml 尤作口语poorly /// [5pC:li; - 'puErli; 5purli] adv 1 in a poor(3) manner; badly 很糟地; 不充分地; 不足地: * poorly dressed 穿得不好的 * The street is poorly lit. 街上灯光暗淡. * She was poorly prepared for the examination. 她考试准备得不充分. 2 (idm 习语) poorly `off (infml 口) having very little money 贫困的; 没钱的: * The widow and children are very poorly off. 那寡妇和孩子们一贫如洗. 派生： poorly adj [esp pred 尤作表语] (infml 口) not well; ill 健康欠佳; 不舒服: The child has been poorly all week. 那孩子整个星期都病病歪歪的. * You look rather poorly to me. 我看你好像不大舒服. =>Usage at sick 用法见sick.

poorness
[5pC:nis; - 'puErnis; 5purnis] n [U] lack of a desirable quality or element; state of being poor(2) 贫乏; 不足: * the poorness of the soil 土壤的瘠薄. Cf 参看 poverty.

pop
1[pCp; pap] n 1 [C] short sharp explosive sound 短促清脆的爆破声: * The cork came out of the bottle with a loud pop. 瓶塞砰的一声拔出来了. 2 [U] (infml 口) (esp non-alcoholic) fizzy drink （尤指不含酒精的）起泡饮料; 汽水: * a bottle of pop 一瓶汽水. 3 (idm 习语) in pop; US in hock (sl 俚) in pawn 已典当; 在当铺里. 派生： pop adv with a pop 砰的一声: It came out pop. 那东西砰的一声就出来了. * go pop, ie make a pop 发出短促清脆的爆破声.

pope
[pEup; pop] n head of the Roman Catholic Church who is also the Bishop of Rome （天主教的）教皇, 教宗: * the election of a new pope 新教皇的选举 * Pope John Paul 约翰．保罗教皇（亦译若望．保禄教宗）. 派生： popery[5pEupEri; 5popEri] n [U] (derog 贬) (a) Roman Catholicism 天主教. (b) papal system 教皇制度. popish[5pEupiF; 5popiF] adj (derog 贬) (a) of or relating to Roman Catholicism 天主教的; 与天主教有关的: * popish forms of worship 天主教的崇拜仪式. (b) of or relating to the papal system 教皇制度的; 与教皇制度有关的. 复合： pope's `nose (US infml 口) = parson's nose (parson).

popinjay
[5pCpindVei; 5papin7dVe] n (dated derog 旧, 贬) conceited person, esp a man who is vain about his clothes; fop 骄矜的人; （尤指）衣着上追求虚荣的人; 花花公子; 纨爵子弟.

poplar
[5pCplE(r); 5papll] n (a) [C] any of several types of tall straight slender tree 杨树. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page i. (b) [U] its soft wood 杨木.

poplin
[5pCplin; 5paplin] n [U] 1 type of shiny (usu) cotton cloth used esp for making skirts 府绸. 2 (formerly) type of cloth with a ribbed surface, made from silk and wool （旧时）毛葛（丝与羊毛合织的一种起棱的布料）.

popover
[5pCpEuvE(r); 5pap7ovl] n (US) cake in the form of a thin hollow shell made of batter 酥脆饼（由面糊烤成的一种空心薄松饼）.

poppa
[5pCpE; 5papE] n (US infml 口) (used esp as a term of address 尤用作呼唤语) father 爸爸. Cf 参看 papa, pop2.

popper
[5pCpE(r); 5papl] n (Brit infml 口) = press-stud (press2).

poppet
[5pCpit; 5papit] n (Brit infml 口) (a) (used esp as an affectionate name for a child 尤用作对小孩的 称) darling 宝宝; 宝贝儿: * How's my little poppet today? 我的小乖乖今天好吗? * Don't cry, poppet. 宝宝, 别哭了. (b) small and dainty person 可爱的人儿: * Isn't she a poppet? 她多可爱呀!

poppy
[5pCpi; 5papi] n any of several types of wild or cultivated plant with showy (esp bright red) flowers, milky juice and small black seeds 罂粟: * the `opium poppy, ie the type from which opium is obtained 可制取鸦片的罂粟 * [attrib 作定语] poppy fields 罂粟田. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page ii.

poppycock
[5pCpikCk; 5papi7kak] n [U] (infml 口) nonsense 胡扯; 废话: * He dismissed the official explanationas complete poppycock. 他认为官方的解释是一派胡言, 不值一顾.

Popsicle
[5pCpsikl; 5papsikl] n (US propr 专利名) = ice lolly (ice).

populace
[5pCpjulEs; 5papjElEs] (usu 通常作 the populace)n [Gp] (fml 文) the general public; ordinary people 民众; 平民; 百姓; 人民大众: * He had the support of large sections of the populace. 他获得大多数民众的支持. * The populace at large is/are opposed to sudden change. 人民群众普遍反对突然实行的变革.

popular
[5pCpjulE(r); 5papjEll] adj 1 (a) liked, admired or enjoyed by many people 为众人所喜爱、 赞赏或欢迎的; 流行的: * a popular politician 深孚众望的政治家 * Jeans are popular among the young. 牛仔裤年轻人很喜爱. * Jogging is a popular form of exercise. 慢跑是一种十分普及的体育活动. (b) ~ with sb liked, admired or enjoyed by sb 某人所喜爱、 赞赏或欢迎的: * measures popular with the electorate 受选民欢迎的措施 * (infml 口) I'm not very popular with the boss (ie He is annoyed with me) at the moment. 我现在不称老板的心. 2 [attrib 作定语] (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) suited to the taste or the education level of the general public 适应大众口味或教育水平的; 普及的; 通俗的; 庸俗的: * popular music 流行音乐 * the popular press 通俗报刊 * novels with popular appeal 适合大众口味的小说 * popular (ie simplified) science 大众科学 * popular (ie low) prices 廉价. 3 [attrib 作定语] of or by the people 人民的; 依靠人民的: * the popular vote 人民的投票 * issues of popular concern 人民群众关心的问题 * by popular demand 根据人民群众的要求. 4 [attrib 作定语] (of beliefs, etc) held by a large number of people （指信念等）广大民众所持有的: * a popular myth, superstition, misconception, etc 民众的神话、 迷信、 错误观念等. 派生： popularly adv by many or most people （人们）普遍地, 广泛地; 由大多数人: a popularly held belief 一般人所持的看法 * It is popularly believed that... 人们普遍认为... * the European Economic Community, popularly known as the Common Market 欧洲经济共同体, 即众所周知的共同市场. 复合： ,popular `front political party representing left-wing groups 人民阵线（代表左翼团体的政党）.

popularity
[7pCpju'lArEti; 7papjE'lArEti] n [U] quality or state of being liked or admired by many people 受大家喜爱或赞赏的性质或状态; 普及; 流行; 通俗性; 声望: * win/gain/enjoy/command the popularity of the voters 获得广大选民的拥戴 * His popularity among working people remains as strong as ever. 他在劳动人民中一如既往声望很高. * Her books have grown in popularity recently. 她的书近来大受欢迎.

popularize, popularise
[5pCpjulEraiz; 5papjElE7raiz] v [Tn] 1 make (sth) generally liked 使（某事物）受大家欢迎. 2 make (sth) known or available to the general public, esp by presenting it in an easily understandable form 使（某事物）众所周知或普及（尤指以通俗易懂形式）: * popularize new theories in medicine 普及医学新理论 * popularize the use of personal computers 推广个人计算机的使用. > popularization, -isation[7pCpjulErai'zeiFn;- -ri5z-; 7papjElEri5zeFEn] n [U].

populate
[5pCpjuleit; 5papjE7let] v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (a) live in (an area) and form its population居住於（某地区）（而构成其人口成分）: * deserts populated by nomadic tribesmen 游牧部落居住的沙漠地区 * densely/thickly/sparsely/thinly populated regions 人口密度大[稠密/密度小/稀疏]的地区. (b) move to (an area) and fill it with people 落户於, 移居於（某地区）; 向（某地区）移民: * The islands were gradually populated by settlers from Europe. 岛上逐渐迁入很多欧洲移民.

population
[7pCpju'leiFn; 7papjE'leFEn] n 1 [CGp] (a) people who live in an area, a city, a country, etc （地区、 城市、 国家等的）全体居民: * the populations of Western European countries 西欧各国的全体人民 * The government did not have the support of the population. 政府不得人心. (b) particular group or type of people or animals inhabiting an area, etc （聚居於某地区的）一群或一类的人或动物: * the working population 全体劳动者 * the immigrant population 全体移民. (c) total number of these 人口; 区域内动物的总数: * What is the population of Ireland? 爱尔兰人口有多少? * a city with a population of over 10 million 人口超过1000万的城市. 2 [U] degree to which an area has been populated 人口密度; 动物聚居的密度: * areas of dense/sparse population 人口稠密[稀疏]的地区. 复合： popu,lation ex`plosion sudden increase in populationresulting from an increased birth-rate and/or a reduced death-rate 人口爆炸（由於出生率上升和[或]死亡率下降而引起的人口急剧增加）.

populism
[5pCpjulizEm; 5papjElizm] n [U] type of politics that claims to represent the interests of ordinary people 平民主义, 平民论（声言代表民众利益的政治主张）. 派生： populist[-ist; -ist] n supporter or representative ofpopulism 平民主义者; 平民论者. adj: * populist theories平民主义的理论.

populous
[5pCpjulEs; 5papjElEs] adj having a large population; densely populated 人口多的; 人口稠密的: * the populous areas near the coast 沿海人口稠密的地区.

porcelain
[5pC:sElin; 5pCrslin] n [U] (a) hard white translucent material made from china clay, used for making cups, plates, ornaments, etc 瓷: * [attrib 作定语] a porcelain figure 瓷像. (b) objects made of this 瓷器: * a valuable collection of antique porcelain 一批珍贵的古代瓷器收藏品.

porch
[pC:tF; pCrtF] n 1 covered entrance to a building, esp a church or house 门廊（尤指教堂或房子的）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, pages vi, viii. 2 (US) = veranda.

porcine
[5pC:sain; 5pCrsain] adj (fml 文) of or like a pig （似）猪的: * her rather porcine features 她那有点像猪的面貌.

porcupine
[5pC:kjupain; 5pCrkjE7pain] n animal related to the squirrel, with a body and tail covered with long spines which it can stick out to protect itself when attacked 豪猪; 箭猪.

pore
1[pC:(r); pCr] n any of the tiny openings in the surface of the skin or of a leaf, through which moisture can pass （皮肤上的）毛孔; （叶子上的）气孔: * He was sweating at every pore. 他汗流浃背.

pork
[pC:k; pCrk] n [U] (usu fresh, not salted or cured) flesh of a pig eaten as food （通常指未加盐或未加工处理的新鲜的）猪肉; 鲜猪肉: * roast pork 烤猪肉 * a leg of pork 猪腿肉 * [attrib 作定语] pork sausages 猪肉香肠. Cf 参看 bacon, gammon, ham 1. 派生： porker n pig raised for food, esp a young pig fattened for killing 食用猪; （尤指育肥待宰的）小猪. 复合： pork-barrel n (US sl 俚) government money spent on local projects in order to win votes 政府为争取选票而花费在地方项目上的款项. `pork-butcher n (Brit) butcher who sells pork, ham, bacon and food made from pork, eg sausages, pies, etc 出售猪肉制品的商人; 猪肉商. ,pork `pie pie made of pastry filled with minced pork, often eaten cold 猪肉馅饼（常冷吃）. ,pork-pie `hat hat with a flat top and a brim turned up all round 平顶卷边 圆帽.

porn
[pC:n; pCrn] n [U] (infml 口) = pornography.

porno
[5pC:nEu; 5pCrno] adj (infml 口) = pornographic (pornography).

pornography
[pC:'nCgrEfi; pCr'nagrEfi] n [U] (a) describing or showing sexual acts in order to cause sexualexcitement 色情描绘; 色情表演. (b) books, films, etc that do this 色情作品（书刊、 影片等）: * the trade in pornography 色情作品的交易. 派生： pornographer/pC:'nCgrEfE(r); pCr'nagrEfl] n person who produces or sells pornography 制作或贩卖色情作品的人. pornographic[7pC:nE'grAfik; 7pCrnE'grAfik] adj of or relating to pornography 色情的; 诲淫的: * pornographic films, magazines, subjects 色情电影、 刊物、 题材. pornographically[-kli; -kli] adv.

porous
[5pC:rEs; 5pCrEs] adj 1 allowing liquid or air to pass through, esp slowly 能使液体或气体（尤指缓慢地）穿透的; 能渗透的: * He added sand to the soil to make it more porous. 他往土里搀沙子以提高渗水性能. * In hot weather clothes made of a porous material like cotton are best. 热天穿棉布之类有渗透性的材料做的衣服最为适宜. Cf 参看 permeable (permeate). 2 containing pores 有毛孔或气孔的. 派生： porousness, porosity/pC:'rCsEti; pC'rasEti] ns [U] quality or state of being porous 渗透性.

porphyry
[5pC:firi; 5pCrfEri] n [U] type of hard red rock which contains red and white crystals, and may be polished and made into ornaments 斑岩（色红、 坚硬, 可制装饰品）.

porpoise
[5pC:pEs; 5pCrpEs] n sea mammal with a blunt rounded snout, similar to a dolphin or small whale 鼠海豚.

porridge
[5pCridV; - 'pC:r-; 5pCridV] n 1 [U] soft food made by boiling a cereal (esp crushed oats) in water or milk （谷类加水或牛奶煮成的）粥; （尤指）麦片粥: * a bowl of porridge with milk and sugar for breakfast 早餐吃的一碗甜奶粥. 2 (idm 习语) do porridge (Brit sl 俚) be in prison; serve a prison sentence 坐牢; 服刑.

port
1[pC:t; pCrt] n 1 [C, U] place where ships load and unload cargo or shelter from storms; harbour 港; 港口: * a naval/fishing port 军[渔]港 * The ship spent four days in port. 该船在港口里停泊了四天. * They reached port at last. 他们终於抵港了. 2 [C] town or city with a harbour, esp one where ships load and unload cargo and where customs officers are stationed 港口城市（尤指船只装卸货物并设有关卡者）; 港市; 口岸: * Rotterdam is a major port. 鹿特丹是个重要的港口城市. * [attrib 作定语] the port authorities 港务局. 3 (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) any place where goods or people enter or leave a country 货物或人员出入境的任何场所: * an airport 飞机场 * a port of entry 进口港. 4 (idm 习语) any port in a `storm (saying esp ironic 谚, 尤作反语) in times of trouble or difficulty one takes whatever help is available 危难之时任何解救方法均可一试; 慌不择路. 复合： ,port of `call 1 place where a ship stops during a voyage （途中）停靠港. 2 (infml 口) place where a person goes or stops, esp during a journey 前往或停留之处, 落脚处（尤指旅途中）: The visiting politician's first port of call was the new factory. 那位政界人士到访, 第一个地点是那座新工厂.

portable
[5pC:tEbl; 5pCrtEbl] adj that can be (easily) carried; not fixed permanently in place 便携式的; 手提式的; 轻便的: * a portable radio, television set, typewriter, etc 便携式收音机、 电视机、 打字机等. 派生： portability[7pC:tE'bilEti; 7pCrtE'bilEti] n [U]: * I bought it for its portability, not its appearance. 我是图其轻便才买的, 并不是因为样子好看. portable n that can be (easily) carried; not permanentlyin place 便携式物品; 轻便物品: The document had been typed on a small portable. 这份文件是用便携式打字机打的.

portage
[5pC:tidV; 5pCrtidV] n 1 [U] (cost of) carrying goods; carriage 搬运（费）; 运输. 2 (esp US) (a) [U] carrying boats or goods overland between two rivers, lakes, etc, eg on a canoeing trip （两水路间的）陆运（将小船或货物从一水域经陆地运至另一水域之作业, 如乘小划子途中所需的）. (b) [C] place where this is done （两水路间的）陆运区间.

portal
[5pC:tl; 5pCrtl] n (often pl 常作复数) (fml 文) doorway or gateway, esp a grand and imposing one 门; 入口; （尤指）壮观的大门: * temple portals of carved stone 寺院的石雕大门. 复合： portal `vein (anatomy 解) vein carrying blood to the liver or to any organ other than the heart 门静脉.

portcullis
[7pC:t'kQlis; pCrt'kQlis] n (formerly) strong heavy iron grating raised or lowered at the entrance to a castle （旧时）（城堡入口可升降的）铁闸门, 吊闸. =>illus at castle 见castle插图.

portend
[pC:'tend; pCr'tend] v [Tn] (fml 文) be a sign or warning of (sth in the future); foreshadow 预示; 预兆; 预告: * His silence portends trouble. 他沉默不语可不是好兆头.

portent
[5pC:tent; 5pCrtent] n ~ (of sth) (fml 文) sign or warning of a future (often unpleasant) event; omen 预示; 预兆; （常指）凶兆: * portents of disaster 凶兆 * I see it as a portent of things to come. 我把它看作是将要到来的事物的前兆. 派生： portentous/pC:'tentEs; pCr'tentEs] adj 1 of or like a portent; ominous （似）预示的, 预兆的; 不祥的: * portentous events, signs 不祥的事件、 徵兆. 2 (derog贬) pompously solemn 装腔作势的; 煞有介事的. portentously adv: * `No good will come of this,’ she announced portentously. ‘这绝好不了,’她煞有介事地说.

porter
1[5pC:tE(r); 5pCrtl] n 1 person whose job is carrying people's luggage and other loads, eg in railway stations, airports, hotels, markets, etc 搬运工, 脚夫（如於车站、 机场、 旅馆、 市场等处的）: * a hospital porter 医院中任搬运工作的勤杂工. 2 (US) attendant in a sleeping-car or parlour-car on a train （铁路之卧车或特等客车上的）列车员, 服务员. 派生： porterage[5pC:tEridV; 5pCrtlidV] n [U] (a) carrying of luggage or goods by a porter （行李或其他物品的）搬运, 搬运工作. (b) cost of this 搬运费.

porterhouse steak
[7pC:tEhaus 'steik; 7pCrtl7haus'stek] piece of top-quality beefsteak cut for grilling, etc （供炙烤等的）上等牛排.

portfolio
[pC:t'fEuliEu; pCrt'foli7o] n (pl ~s) 1 flat case (often made of leather) for carrying loose papers, documents, drawings, etc 公事包, 文件夹（常为皮制的）. 2 set of investments (eg stocks and shares) owned by a person, bank, etc （个人、 银行等所有的）投资组合（如债券和股票）: * My stockbroker manages my portfolio for me. 我的证券经纪人替我管理投资组合. * [attrib 作定语] portfolio management 投资组合管理. 3 position and duties of a minister of State 大臣或部长的职位或职责: * She resigned her portfolio. 她辞去了大臣职务. * Minister without portfolio, ie (in Britain) a Cabinet Minister without responsibility for a particular department （英国）不管部大臣（有职无责者）.

porthole
[5pC:thEul; 5pCrt7hol] (also port) n window- like structure in the side of a ship or an aircraft （船或飞行器的）舷窗.

portico
[5pC:tikEu; 5pCrti7ko] n (pl ~es or ~s) roof supported by columns, esp one forming an entrance to a large building 柱廊; （尤指高大建 物的）有柱的门廊.

portion
[5pC:Fn; 5pCrFEn] n 1 [C] part or share into which sth is divided 部分; （分事物时的）一份: * He divided up his property and gave a portion to each of his children. 他把财产分给子女, 每人一份. * You give this portion of the ticket to the inspector and keep the other.把票的这一部分交给检票员, 另一部分自己留着. * (dated 旧) a marriage portion, ie a dowry 嫁妆. 2 [C] amount of food suitable for or served to one person （食物的）一份, 一客: * a generous portion of roast duck 一大份烤鸭 * She cut the pie into six portions. 她把馅饼切成六份. * Do you serve children's (ie smaller) portions? 你们供应儿童量（小份）的餐食吗? 3 [sing] (fml 文) person's fate or destiny （人的）命运: * It seemed that suffering was to be his portion in life. 他好像命中注定了要受苦受难似的. 派生： portion v (phr v) portion sth out (among/between sb) divide sth into shares (share1 1) to give to several people 把某事物按份儿分给（若干人）: She portioned out the money equally between both children. 她把钱均分给两个孩子. * The work was portioned out fairly. 工作分配得很公平. Cf 参看 apportion.

Portland cement
[7pC:tlEnd si'ment; 7pCrtlEnd sE'ment] type of cement made from chalk and clay similar in colour to Portland stone 普通水泥; 波特兰水泥.

Portland stone
[7pC:tlEnd 'stEun; 7pCrtlEnd 'ston] type of yellowish-white limestone used for building 波特兰石（一种白中发黄的石灰石, 用於建 ）.

portly
[5pC:tli; 5pCrtli] adj (-ier, -iest) (esp of an older person) having a stout body; fat （尤指年长者）发福的, 胖的: * a portly old gentleman 胖胖的老绅士 * portly members of the city council 体形丰满的市议员们. > portliness n [U].

portmanteau
[pC:t'mAntEu; pCrt'mAnto] n (pl ~s or -teaux[-tEuz; -toz] ) (dated 旧) large oblong (usu leather) case for clothes that opens on a hinge into two equal parts 旅行衣箱（通常为皮制, 以合叶联接相同的两部分）. 复合： portmanteau `word (also blend) invented word that combines parts of two words and their meanings eg motel from motor and hotel or brunch from breakfast and lunch 紧缩词, 合并词（将两个词的词素合并构成一个新词, 如motel为motor和hotel的紧缩词, brunch为breakfast和lunch的紧缩词）.

portrait
[5pC:treit, also -trit; 5pCrtret, -trit] n 1 painted picture, drawing or photograph of (esp the face of) a person or an animal （人或动物的）画像, 照片; （尤指面部的）肖像: * paint sb's portrait 给某人画像 * She had her portrait painted. 她让人给自己画了像. =>illus at caricature 见caricature插图. Cf 参看 landscape. 2 description in words 文字描绘; 描写: * The book contains a fascinating portrait of life at the court of Henry VIII. 该书生动地描写了亨利八世的宫廷生活. 派生： `portraitist[-ist; -ist] n person who makes portraits 肖像画家; 画像者; 人像摄影师: * a skilled portraitist 擅长画像的人. `portraiture[-tFE(r); - -tFuEr; -tFur] n [U] (art of making) portraits (portrait 1) （人或动物的）画像, 照片; 画像或人像摄影的技法. 复合： `portrait painter person who paints portraits; portraitist 画像者; 肖像画家.

portray
[pC:'trei; pCr'tre] v [Tn, Cn.n/a] ~ sb (as sb/sth) 1 make a picture of sb 为某人画像; 画某人的像: * She is portrayed wearing her coronation robes. 给她画的是她穿着加冕礼服的像. * a picture of the general portraying him as a Greek hero 把这位将军画成希腊英雄的一幅画. 2 describe sb/sth in words 描述或描写某人[某事物]: * The diary portrays his family as quarrelsome and malicious. 日记中描述了他家反宅乱的事. 3 act the part of sb or represent sth in a play, etc （在戏剧等中）扮演某人或表现某事物: * She frowned and stamped her feet to portray anger, eg in a mime. 她又皱眉头又跺脚表示生气（如在哑剧中）. 派生： portrayal/pC:'treiEl; pCr'treEl] n 1 [U] action of portraying 画像; 描述; 描写; 扮演. 2 [C] description or representation 描摹; 表现: * a skilful portrayal of a lonely and embittered old man 对一个孤苦伶仃的老人惟妙惟肖的描绘.

pose
[pEuz; poz] v 1 (a) [I, Ipr] ~ (for sb) sit or stand in a particular position in order to be painted, drawn or photographed 摆好姿势（以便画像或拍照）: * He had to pose wearing a laurel wreath. 他得摆好戴着月桂花冠的姿势. * The artist asked her to pose for him. 那位画家要求她摆好姿势以便为她画像. (b) [Tn] put (sb) in a particular position in order to paint, draw or photograph him 使（某人）摆好姿势（以便画像或拍照）: * The artist posed his model carefully. 那位画家仔细摆好模特儿的姿势. * The subjects are well posed in these photographs. 这些照片中的人物姿势都挺好. 2 [I] (derog 贬) behave in an unnatural or affected way in order to impress people 装腔作势: * Stop posing and tell us what you really think. 别装蒜啦, 告诉我们你的真实想法吧. 3 [Ipr] ~ as sb/sth claim or pretend to be sb/sth 自称或装成某人[某事物]: * She poses as an expert in old coins. 她自诩为古钱币专家. * The detective posed as a mourner at the victim's funeral. 那侦探佯装成吊唁者参加了受害人的葬礼. 4 [Tn] cause (sth) to arise; create or present (followed esp by the ns shown) 引起（某事物）; 造成, 提出（尤接下列名词）: * Winter poses particular difficulties for the elderly. 冬天给上年纪的人带来特殊的困难. * Heavy traffic poses a problem in many old towns. 交通拥挤是许多旧城镇的难题. * His resignation poses the question of whether we now need a deputy leader. 他一辞职引出了一个问题, 即我们目前是否需要有人代理领导职务. 派生： pose n 1 position in which a person poses or is posed (pose 1b) （为画像或拍照而摆的）姿势, 姿态: a relaxed pose for the camera 为拍照摆成的自然的姿势 * She adopted an elegant pose. 她摆了一个优美的姿势. 2 (derog 贬) unnatural or affected way of behaving, intended to impress people 装腔作势的举动: His concern for the poor is only a pose. 他对穷人的关心只不过是做做样子罢了.

pose1
3 (idm 习语) strike an attitude/a pose => strike2. poser n 1 (infml 口) awkward or difficult question or problem 棘手的或困难的问题: That's quite a poser! 那事真伤脑筋! 2 =poseur.

poseur
[pEu'zE:(r); po'zE] n (fem 阴性作 poseuse/ pEU5z\:z; po`z\z/) (also poser) (derog 贬) person who behaves in an unnatural affected way in order to impress others 装腔作势的人: * Some people admired him greatly while others considered him a poseur. 有的人对他佩服得五体投地, 而有的人则认为他装腔作势.

posh
[pCF; paF] adj (-er, -est) (infml 口) (a) elegant or luxurious; smart 精美的; 豪华的; 漂亮的: * a posh car, hotel 豪华的轿车、 旅馆 * a posh wedding 隆重的婚礼 * You look very posh in your new suit. 你穿上新衣服漂亮极了. (b) (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) upper-class 上等阶层的: * a posh accent 上等人的腔调 * They live in the posh part of town. 他们住在高等住宅区.

posit
[5pCzit; 5pazit] v [Tn] (fml 文) suggest or assume (sth) as a fact; postulate 断定或假定（某事物）为实; 假设.

position
[pE'ziFn; pE'ziFEn] n 1 [C] place where sb/sth is 位置; 方位: * From his position on the cliff top, he had a good view of the harbour. 他位於悬崖顶上, 海湾看得清清楚楚. * fix a ship's position, ie by observing the sun or stars 确定船只的方位（藉观察太阳或星体） * We were sitting in a draughty position near the door. 我们坐在门边有穿堂风经过的地方. * The troops stormed the enemy position, ie where the enemy had placed soldiers and guns. 部队向敌人的阵地发起了猛攻. 2 [U] state of being advantageously placed (eg in a competition or a war) 有利的状况（如竞争中或战争中的）: * Several candidates had been manoeuvring for position long before the leadership became vacant. 领导职位尚未空缺, 几个竞争者早就在为向上爬而钩心斗角了. 3 [C, U] way in which sb/sth is placed or arranged; attitude or posture 某人[某物]所处的或被安置的方式; 姿态; 姿势: * sit/lie in a comfortable position 舒舒服服地坐[躺]着 * in an upright, a horizontal, etc position 以垂直、 水平等方式 * They had to stand for hours without changing position. 他们得一动不动地站几个小时. 4 [C] ~ (on sth) view or opinion held by sb 看法; 观点: * The candidates had to state their position on unilateral disarmament. 候选人须 表明他们对单方面裁军所持的立场. * She has made her position very clear. 她已明确阐述了自己的观点. 5 [C esp sing 尤作单数] situation or circumstances, esp when they affect one's power to act 处境, 情势（尤指影响自己的行动能力者）: * Their failure to come to a decision put her in an impossible position. 他们未能做出决定, 这使她进退无门. * He was in the unenviable position of having to choose between imprisonment or exile. 他已陷於进退维谷的地步, 不是坐牢就是流放, 必须在两者间做出抉择. * What would you do in my position? 你处在我的地位, 你怎样做呢? * I am not in a position (ie I am unable) to help you. 我没有能力帮助你.

position1
* The economic position of the country is disastrous. 国家的经济形势非常糟糕. 6 (a) [C] place or rank in relation to others （相对於他人的）地位, 等级: * a high/low position in society 高的[低的]社会地位 * `What is his position in class?’ `He's third from the top.’ ‘他在班上得第几名?’‘第叁名.’ (b) [U] high rank or status 高的等级或地位: * people of position 上层人士 * Wealth and position were not important to her. 财富和地位她都不放在心上. 7 [C] (fml 文) paid employment; job （有报酬的）职位; 工作: * a position in/with a big company 在一家大公司中的职务 * He applied for the position of assistant manager. 他申请副经理一职. * She had worked for the firm for twenty years and was in a position of trust. 她为这家公司工作了二十年, 因而被委以重任. 8 [C] (sport 体) (in team games) function and/or part of the playing area assigned to a player （队际竞技活动中）某一队员的职责和[或]位置: * `What position does he play?’ `Centre-forward.'‘他在比赛中在什麽位置?’‘中锋.’ 9 (idm 习语) in a false position => false. in/into position in/into the right or proper place 在[进入]适当的位置; 在位; 就位; 到位: * The orchestra were all in position, waiting for the conductor. 管弦乐队队员都已各就各位, 等待着指挥. * The runners got into position on the starting line. 赛跑运动员已进入起跑线上的位置. out of po`sition not at the right place 不在适当的位置上: * The chairs are all out of position. 椅子全都放得不是地方. 派生： position v [Tn] 1 place (sth) in (a certain) position 将（某物）放在（某一）位置上: position the aerial for the best reception 把天线安装在接收效果最好的位置上 * She positioned herself near the warm fire. 她待在温暖的炉子的旁边. 2 find or mark the position of (sth); locate 找出或标出（某物）的位置; 定位: They were able to position the yacht by means of radar. 他们能够用雷达测定快艇的方位.

position2
positional[-FEnEl; -FEnEl] adj.

positive
[5pCzEtiv; 5pazEtiv] adj 1 with no possibility of doubt; clear and definite 无可怀疑的; 明确的; 确定的: * positive instructions, orders, rules, etc 明确的指示、 命令、 规定等 * We have no positive proof of her guilt. 我们没有她犯罪的确切证据. 2 ~ (about sth/that...) (of a person) confidently holding an opinion; convinced （指人）有把握的, 确信的: * Are you absolutely positive that it was after midnight? 你是否有绝对把握认为那事是在午夜以後发生的? * She was quite positive about the amount of money involved. 她对所涉及的钱数十分肯定. 3 (a) providing help; constructive 有助益的; 建设性的: * make positive proposals, suggestions, etc 提出有益的建议、 意见等 * Try to be more positive in dealing with the problem. 对解决该问题再积极一些. (b) showing confidence and optimism 自信的; 乐观的: * a positive attitude, feeling, etc 乐观的态度、 情绪等 * positive thinking, ie a determined mental attitude that helps one achieve success 必胜的思想. 4 (infml 口) absolute; complete 彻底的; 绝对的; 完全的: * Her behaviour was a positive outrage. 她的行为残暴到了极点. * It was a positive miracle that we arrived on time. 我们能够及时赶到, 这简直是奇迹. 5 (of the results of a test or an experiment) indicating that a substance is present （指试验或实验的结果）表明存在某物质的, 阳性的: * a positive reaction 阳性反应 * The tests proved positive. 试验结果呈阳性. * They were hoping for a positive result from the experiment. 他们希望从实验中获得阳性结果. 6 (mathematics 数) (of a quantity) greater than zero （指数量）正的: * a positive number 正数 * the positive sign (+) 正号. 7 tending towards increase or improvement 倾向於增加或改善的: * Positive progress has been achieved during the negotiations. 谈判取得了良好的进展. * There have been positive developments in international relations. 国际关系已逐步改善.

positive1
* positive discrimination, ie deliberately favouring an underprivileged group, esp in employment policy 具有积极意义的区别对待（尤指在就业政策中所实施的偏向贫困阶层的做法）. 8 containing or producing the type of electrical charge produced by rubbing glass with silk 正电的; 正极的: * a positive charge 正电荷 * the positive terminal of a battery, ie the one through which electric current leaves the battery 电池的正极端子. 9 (of a photograph) showing light and shadows as in nature or in the object photographed, not reversed as in a negative （指照片）正片的: * a positive image 正片影像. Cf 参看 negative. 10 (grammar) (of an adjective or adverb) in the simple form, not the comparative or superlative （指形容词或副词）原级的（非比较级的或最高级的）. 派生： positive n 1 (grammar) positive adjective 原级形容词: `Silly' is the positive and `sillier' the comparative. *silly 是原级形容词, sillier是比较级形容词. 2 positive quality or quantity 确实; 正量; 正数. 3 photograph printed from a negative plate or film （照片的）正片. positively adv (a) (infml 口) extremely; absolutely 极其; 绝对地: He was positively furious when he saw the mess. 他看到混乱的情况, 气得不得了. * She was positively bursting to tell us the news. 她迫不及待地要把那消息告诉我们. (b) with complete certainty; firmly 十分肯定地; 坚定地: She positively assured me that it was true. 她向我明确地保证那是事实. * Are you positively convinced that he is not coming back? 你确信他不回来了吗? positiveness n [U]. 复合： ,positive `pole (a) positive terminal of an electric battery; anode （电池的）正极, 阳极. (b) north-seeking pole of a magnet （磁体的）北极.

positivism
[5pCzitivizEm; 5pazEtiv7izEm] n [U] system of philosophy based on things that can be seen or proved rather than on speculation 实证主义, 实证论（一种哲学体系, 以可眼见或证明之事物为基础, 忽视理性的作用）. 派生： positivist[-vist; -vist] n person who studies or teaches positivism 实证主义者; 实证论者.

positron
[5pCzitrCn; 5pazi7tran] n (physics 物) minute piece of matter (elementary particle) that has a positive electric charge and the same mass as an electron 正电子; 阳电子. Cf 参看 electron.

posse
[5pCsi; 5pasi] n [CGp] (esp US) group of people who can be summoned by an officer of the law, eg a sheriff, to find a criminal, maintain order, etc 地方武装团队（可由执法官员召集以查缉罪犯、 维持治安等）.

possess
[pE'zes; pE'zes] v 1 [Tn] (a) have (sth) as one's belongings; own 领有（某事物）; 持有: * He decided to give away everything he possessed and become a monk. 他决定放弃他所有的一切, 出家为僧. * They possess property all over the world. 他们在世界各地均拥有财产. * The family possessed documents that proved their right to ownership. 这家人持有可以证明他们享有所有权的文件. (b) have (sth) as a quality 具有（某品质）: * Does he possess the necessary patience and tact to do the job well? 他有做好这项工作必备的耐性和应变能力吗? 2 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态, Cn.t] control or dominate (a person's mind) 控制, 支配（人的思想）: * She seemed to be possessed (by the devil). 她好像着了魔似的. * She was possessed by jealousy. 她妒火中烧. * He is possessed with the idea that he is being followed. 他老是觉得有人跟踪他. * What possessed you to do that? 是什麽驱使你做出那种事的? 3 (idm 习语) be possessed of sth (fml 文) have (a quality) 具有（某品质）: * She is possessed of a wonderfully calm temperament. 她性情非常文静. like one possessed violently or with great energy, as if taken over by madness or a supernatural spirit 猛烈地, 拼命地（如同发疯或有妖魔附体一般）: * He fought like a man possessed. 他进行了殊死的战斗. 派生： possessor n person who possesses sth 所有人; 持有某物的人: He is at last the proud possessor of a driving-licence. 他终於获得了驾驶执照, 这使他颇为得意.

possession
[pE'zeFn; pE'zeFEn] n 1 [U] state of possessing; ownership 领有; 持有; 具有: * fight for/win/get possession of the ball 争球 * The possession of a passport is essential for foreign travel. 去国外旅行需持有护照. * On her father's death, she came into possession of a vast fortune. 她在父亲死後继承了大量财产. * She has valuable information in her possession. 她掌握了重要的信息. * The house is for sale with vacant possession, ie without tenants. 空房出售（无租户）. 2 [C esp pl 尤作复数] thing that is possessed; property 所有物; 财产: * He lost all his possessions in the fire. 他在火灾中损失了所有的财产. * He came here without friends or possessions and made his fortune. 他来时举目无亲、 身无长物, 全凭白手起家. 3 [C] country controlled or governed by another 属地; 殖民地: * The former colonial possessions are now independent states. 以前的许多殖民地现已成为独立的国家. 4 (idm 习语) in possession (of sth) (a) having or controlling (sth) so that others are prevented from using it 占有, 控制（某物）（致使他人无法使用）: * Their opponents were in possession of the ball for most of the match. 他们的对手在比赛的大部分时间里控制着球. (b) having or living in sth 占据某物; 住在某处所中: * He was caught in possession of stolen goods/with stolen goods in his possession. 他人赃并获. * While they are in possession we can't sell the house. 他们还住着这所房子, 我们无法出售. possession is nine points of the `law (saying 谚) a person who occupies or controls sth is in a better position to keep it than sb else whose claim to it may be greater 现实占有, 败一胜九（占有或控制某物者打起官司来总占上风）. take possession (of sth) (fml 文) become the owner or occupier (of sth) 成为（某物的）所有者; 占有（某物）.

possessive
[pE'zesiv; pE'zesiv] adj 1 ~ (with sth/sb)(a) showing a desire to own things and an unwillingness to share what one owns 显示占有欲的; 不愿与人分享的: * The child was very possessive with his toys. 那孩子把自己的玩具把得紧紧的. (b) treating sb as if one owns him, demanding total attention or love （视某人为己有而欲霸占其全部精力或感情）占有欲强的: * possessiveparents 让子女唯命是从的父母 * She found her boyfriend'spossessive behaviour intolerable. 她忍受不了男朋友控制她感情的行为. 2 (grammar) of or showing possession 表示所属关系的; 属有格的: * the possessive case 属有格 * `Anne's', `the boy's', `the boys'’ are possessive forms. Anne's、 the boy's、 the boys'都是属有格形式. * `Yours', `his', etc are possessive pronouns. *yours、 his等是物主代词. 派生： possessive n (grammar) 1 [C] possessive word or form 表示所属关系的词或词语形式: `Ours' is a possessive. ours是属有代词. 2 the possessive [sing] the possessive case 属有格. Cf 参看 genitive. possessively adv. possessiveness n [U].

posset
[5pCsit; 5pasit] n type of drink made with warm milk and ale or wine with spices, used formerly as a remedy for colds 牛奶酒（热牛奶加麦芽啤酒或葡萄酒以及香料而成之饮料, 旧时用以治感冒）.

possibility
[7pCsE'bilEti; 7pasE'bilEti] n 1 [U] ~ (of sth/doing sth); ~ (that...) state of being possible; likelihood 可能; 可能性: * within/beyond the bounds of possibility 在可能范围之内[之外] * The possibility of breaking the world record never occurred to him. 他从来没想到有可能打破世界记录. * Is there any possibility that we'll see you this weekend? 我们本周末能见到你吗? * What is the possibility of the weather improving? 天气有可能变好吗? 2 [C] event that may happen; prospect 可能的事; 想见中的事: * Changing jobs is one possibility. 换换工作是有可能的事. * Bankruptcy is a distinct possibility if sales don't improve. 倘若销售情况得不到改善, 保不住要破产. * She prepared for all possibilities by taking a sunhat, a raincoat and a woolly scarf. 她带了太阳帽、 雨衣和毛围巾, 一切有备无患. 3 [C esp pl 尤作复数] capability of being used or improved; potential可以利用或改善的馀地; 潜力: * The house is very dilapidated but it has possibilities. 这房子已破旧不堪, 但还有可利用的价值. * She saw the possibilities of the scheme from the beginning. 她从一开始就预见到这计画可能成功.

possible
[5pCsEbl; 5pasEbl] adj 1 (a) that can be done 可能的; 可能做到的: * It is not humanly possible (ie A human is not able) to lift the weight. 人举不起这样的重量. * Come as quickly as possible, ie as quickly as you can. 尽快来吧. (b) that can exist or happen 可能存在或发生的: * Frost is possible, although unlikely, at this time of year. 在一年中的这个时候, 下霜也是可能的, 虽然可能性并不大. * Are you insured against all possible risks?你对一切可能发生的危险都投保了吗? 2 that isreasonable or acceptable 合理的; 可以认可的: * a possiblesolution to the dispute, ie one that may be accepted, although not necessarily the best 行得通的解决争端的办法（但不见得是最好的办法） * There are several possible explanations. 存在着几种合乎情理的解释. 派生： possible n person who is suitable for selection, eg for a job or a sports team （工作、 运动队等的）适合候选的人: They interviewed 30 people of whom five were possibles. 他们对30人进行了面试, 其中有五人符合候选条件. * a Rugby trial between `probables' and `possibles' ‘预备队员’和‘候补队员’之间的橄榄球选拔赛. possibly[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv 1 perhaps 大概; 也许; 或许: * `Will you be leaving next week?’ `Possibly.’ 你打算下周离开吗?’‘有可能.’ * She was possibly the greatest writer of her generation. 她也许是她那时代最伟大的作家. 2 reasonably; conceivably 合理地; 可以想见地: * I can't possibly lend you so much money. 我没有可能借给你这麽多钱. * I will come as soon as I possibly can. 我尽可能早来. * You can't possibly take all that luggage with you. 你绝无可能把所有那些行李都带着.

possum
[5pCsEm; 5pasEm] n 1 = opossum. 2 (idm 习语) play `possum (infml 口) pretend to be unaware of sth in order to deceive sb (as a possum pretends to be dead when being attacked) 佯装不知以欺骗人（如负鼠受袭时装死状）; 装傻; 装糊涂.

post
date

postage
[5pEustidV; 5postidV] n [U] amount charged or paid for carrying letters, etc by post 邮费; 邮资: * What is the postage on this parcel? 寄这个包裹要多少钱? * How much is the postage for an airmail letter to Canada? 寄往加拿大的航空信要多少邮费? 复合： `postage stamp small stamp2(1) for sticking onletters, parcels, etc, showing the amount paid for postage邮票.

postal
[5pEustl; 5postl] adj (a) of the post3(1b) 邮政的; 邮务的; 邮递的: * postal charges, workers, districts 邮费、 邮政员工、 邮区. (b) sent by post3(1b) 邮寄的: * Postal applications must be received by 12 December. 邮寄的申请书须於12月12日以前寄达. * If you will be on holiday on election day, you may apply for a postal vote. 倘若选举那天你在休假, 可以申请用邮寄方法投票. 复合： `postal code = postcode (post3). `postal order (Brit) (US `money order) official piece of paper bought from a post office, representing a certain sum of money that can be posted to a specified person who then can exchange it for that sum 邮政汇票.

poste restante
[7pEust 'resta:nt; - re'stAnt; 7postres'tant] (US also general delivery) department in a post office where letters for a person may be sent and kept until he collects them （邮局的）邮件待领处.

poster
[5pEustE(r); 5postl] n (a) large placard displayed in a public place 招贴; 海报: * a poster advertising the circus 宣传马戏团的海报. (b) large printed picture 印成的大幅画: * Her bedroom is hung with posters. 她的卧室里挂着一些大画片. 复合： `poster paint (also `poster colour) type of artist's paint, in strong bright colours 广告色; 广告颜料.

posterior
[pC'stiEriE(r); pas'tiril] adj (fml 文) 1 ~ (to sth) later (than sth) in time or in a series （时间或次序）在（某事物）之後的. Cf 参看 prior1. 2 (in architecture, biology, medicine) placed behind or at the back; from the back （用於建 学、 生物学、 医学）後置的, 位於背面的, 自後面的: * a posterior view of the skull 颅骨背视图. Cf 参看 anterior. 派生： posterior n (infml joc 口, 谑) buttocks 屁股; 臀部: a large posterior 大屁股 * a slap on the posterior 打屁股.

posterity
[pC'sterEti; pas'terEti] n [U] 1 following or future generations 後代; 後世: * plant trees for the benefit of posterity 为造福後代而植树. 2 (fml 文) person's children, grandchildren, etc; descendants 子孙; 後裔: * recorded for posterity 为後人而记载下来的 * Posterity will remember him as a truly great man. 他的子孙永远不会忘记他是真正的伟人.

postern
[5pCstEn; 5pastln] n (arch 古) side or back entrance, esp a concealed entrance to a castle, etc 边门; 後门; 边道; 便道; （尤指城堡等的）暗道: * [attrib 作定语] a postern door/gate 後门.

postgraduate
[7pEust'grAdVuEt; post'grAdVuEt] (US graduate) adj (of studies, etc) done after taking a first degree （指学习或研究等）大学毕业後所进行的. 派生： postgraduate n person doing postgraduate studies 研究生. Cf 参看 graduate, undergraduate.

posthumous
[5pCstjumEs; - 'pCstFEmEs;'pastFEmEs] adj (a) happening or given after death 死後发生的; 死後获得的: * posthumous fame, earnings 死後获得的名声、 收入 * the posthumous award of a medal for bravery 死後获得的勇敢勋章. (b) (of a literary work) published after its author's death （指着作）作者死後出版的: * Forster's posthumous novel 福斯特身後出版的小说. (c) (of a child) born after its father's death （指小孩）父亲死後出生的, 遗腹的. > posthumously adv: * The prize was awarded posthumously. 该奖是在获奖人死後追赠的.

postilion
(also posttillion)[pC'stiliEn; pa'stiljEn] n (formerly) person whose job was to ride on one of the horses pulling a carriage （旧时）骑在多匹马驾辕的马车之一匹马上的御者.

postmaster
[5pEustma:stE(r); - -mAst-; 5post7mAstl] n (fem 阴性作 postmistress[-mistris; -7mistris] ) person in charge of a post office 邮政局长. 复合： ,Postmaster `General person in charge of the postal system of a country 邮政大臣; 邮政部长.

postnatal
[7pEust'neitl; 7post'netl] adj (a) occurring in the period after childbirth 分娩後的; 产後的: * ,postnatal de`pression 产後抑郁症. (b) concerning a newborn child 与初生婴儿有关的: * postnatal care 对初生婴儿的照料 * a postnatal nurse, unit 照料初生婴儿的护士、 部门. Cf 参看 antenatal, pre-natal.

postpone
[pE'spEun; pos'pon] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tg] ~ sth (to sth) arrange sth at a later time; defer sth 使某事物延期; 推迟某事物: * The match was postponed to the following Saturday because of bad weather. 比赛因天气不好而延期到下星期六进行. * Let's postpone making adecision until we have more information. 咱们在获取更多情报之後再做决定不迟. Cf 参看 advance 6, cancel 1. 2 (idm 习语) postpone the evil `hour/`day put off until a later time an unpleasant task, etc, that one will eventually have to do 缓做一终须做的厌恶事. 派生： postponement n (a) [U] act of postponing or delaying 延期; 推迟: Rain caused the postponement of several race-meetings. 几次赛马大会因雨延期. (b) [C] instance of this 延期的事: After many difficulties and postponements, the ship was ready for launching. 该船几经周折拖宕後, 已准备下水.

postprandial
[7pEust'prAndiEl; post'prAndiEl] adj (fml 文) happening immediately after a meal 饭後的: * postprandial speeches 餐後的演说 * (joc 谑) His postprandial nap was disturbed by the arrival of the boss. 老板一到, 惊扰了他餐後假寐.

postscript
[5pEusskript; 5posskript] n ~ (to sth) 1 (abbr 缩写 PS) extra message added at the end of a letter after the signature （信末签名後的）附笔, 又及: * She mentioned in a postscript to her letter that the parcel had arrived. 她在信末附笔中说包裹已寄到. 2 facts or information added to sth after it is completed 补遗; 补笔; 後话: * There was an interesting postscript to these events when her private diaries were published. 她的日记发表後, 补充了一些有关这些事件的趣闻.

postulant
[5pCstjulEnt; - -tFu-; 5pastFulEnt] n person who lives in a monastery or convent in preparation for entering a religious order 住在修道院里准备担任圣职的人. Cf 参看 novice 2.

postulate
[5pCstjuleit; - -tFu-; 5pastFu7let] v [Tn, Tf] (fml 文) put (sth) forward as a fact or accept (sth) as true, esp as a basis for reasoning or argument 假定, 假设（某事物）（尤指作推理或论证之出发点）: * The school building programme postulates an increase in educational investment. 修建校舍的计画是在增加教育经费的前提下拟定的. * He postulated that a cure for the disease will have been found by the year 2000. 他推断到2000年能研究出治愈该病的方法. 派生： postulate[5pCstjulEt; - -tFu-; 5pastFElEt] n thing assumed to be true, or accepted as a basis for reasoningor calculation 假定; 假设; 公设: * the postulates of Euclideangeometry 欧几里得几何学的公设. postulation[7pCstju'leiFn; - -tFu-; 7pastFE'leFEn] n [U, C].

posture
[5pCstFE(r); 5pastFl] n 1 (a) [C] attitude or position of the body 姿势; 姿态: * an awkward posture 笨拙的姿态 * The artist asked his model to take a reclining posture. 画家要求模特儿取斜倚着的姿势. (b) [U] way in which a person holds himself as he stands, walks or sits 坐立或行走的方式; 举止: * She has very good posture. 她举止很优雅. * Poor posture will give you backache.坐姿不好会使人腰背酸痛. 2 [C] way of looking at sth; attitude 看法; 态度: * The government adopted an uncompromising posture on the issue of independence. 政府在独立这一问题上采取了毫不妥协的态度. Cf 参看 stance. 派生： posture v 1 [I] stand, sit, etc in a self-conscious, exaggerated manner; pose 以不自然的、 装模作样的方式站着、 坐着等; 摆姿势: Stop posturing in front of that mirror and listen to me! 别对着那面镜子摆样子了, 听我的吧! 2 [Tn] put or arrange (sb) in a certain posture(1a) 摆（某人）的姿势: posture a model 摆模特儿的姿势. posturing[5pCstFEriN; 5pastFEriN] n [U, C esp pl 作不可数名词或可数名词, 後者尤作复数] (a) standing, sitting, etc in a self-conscious, exaggerated manner 不自然的、 装模作样的站姿、 坐姿等; 摆出的姿势. (b) behaving in an insincere or artificial manner, esp expressingviews one does not really hold 装模作样或故作姿态的行为; （尤指）言不由衷: * Her liberal views were soon revealed as mere posturing. 她那些开明的观点很快地就暴露出只不过是做做样子而已. * The electorate is growing tired of his posturings. 选民对他的口是心非逐渐生厌.

posy
[5pEuzi; 5pozi] n small bunch of flowers; bouquet （小的）花束.

pot
pourri

pot1
* We seldom book hotels when travelling, we usually just take pot luck. 我们旅游时很少预定旅馆的房间, 通常都是赶上什麽算什麽. the ,pot calling the `kettle black (saying 谚) the accuser having the same fault as the person he is accusing 锅笑壶黑; 乌鸦笑猪黑: * She accused us of being extravagant talk about the pot calling the kettle black! 她指责我们铺张浪费--老鸹别嫌猪黑! 复合： `pot-belly n (a) (also pot) large protruding belly 大肚子. (b) person who has this 肚子大的人. ,pot-`bellied adj (a) (of a person) having a pot-belly （指人）肚子大的. (b) (fig 比喻) (of a container) curving out below the middle （指容器）下部向外鼓的: a pot-bellied stove, ie one with a pot-bellied container in which the fuel burns 炉膛大的火炉. `pot-boiler n book, picture, etc written or painted only to earn money 仅为赚钱而创作的书、 画等: She produced regular pot-boilers while also working on her masterpiece. 她一面不断发表为 口的作品, 一面搞她的大作. `pot-bound adj (of a plant) having roots that fill its pot1(1b) completely （指植物）根生满花盆的. `pot-herb n any plant whose leaves, stems or roots are used in cooking to add flavour, esp to soups and stews （调味用的）植物性香料. `pot-hole n 1 deep hole worn in rock, eg in limestone caves by water 瓯穴（石灰石洞穴等内之岩石上被水侵蚀成的深洞）. 2 rough hole in a road surface made by rain and traffic （路面上因下雨和行车而形成的）坑洼. `pot-holer n. `pot-holing n [U] (sport 体) exploring pot-holes in rocks and caves 瓯穴探测. `pot-hunter n (a) (in shooting) person who shoots every bird or animal he sees and thinks only of profit rather than sport （射击活动）纯为牟利而非以运动为目的的行猎者. (b) person who takes part in a contest only for the sake of the prize 只为获奖而参加比赛的人. `pot plant plant grown in a flowerpot 盆栽植物.

pot2
`pot-roast n piece of meat browned in a pot1(1a) and cooked slowly with very little water 炖肉. `pot-shot (also pot) n (a) shot made without taking careful aim 胡乱射击. (b) (fig 比喻) random attempt at sth （对某事物的）随便一试.

potable
[5pEutEbl; 5potEbl] adj (fml 文) fit for drinking; drinkable 适於饮用的; 可喝的.

potash
[5pCtAF; 5pat7AF] n [U] any of various salts of potassium (esp potassium carbonate) used to make fertilizers, soap and various chemicals 钾瞏; （尤指）碳酸钾, 氢氧化钾.

potassium
[pE'tAsiEm; pE'tAsiEm] n [U] chemical element, a soft shiny silvery-white metal occurring in rocks and in the form of mineral salts and essential for all living things 钾. =>App 10 见附录10.

potation
[pEu'teiFn; po'teFEn] n (fml or joc 文或谑) (a) [U] act of drinking 喝; 饮. (b) [C] drink, esp an alcoholic one 饮料; （尤指）酒.

potato
[pE'teitEu; pE'teto] n (pl ~es) 1 (a) [C] plant grown for its rounded starchy tubers which are eaten cooked as a vegetable 马铃薯: * The potato is vulnerable to several pests. 马铃薯易受几种害虫的侵害. (b) [C] one of these tubers 马铃薯的块茎; 土豆: * The potatoes are ready to be dug up. 快要收获土豆了. * Would you like another potato? 你要不要再来个土豆? (c) [U] this served as food （熟的）马铃薯: * a dish of meat topped with mashed potato 一盘土豆泥盖浇肉 * [attrib 作定语]potato soup 土豆汤. 2 (idm 习语) a hot potato => hot. 复合： potato `crisp (Brit) (US potato `chip) = crisp. `potato beetle pest that destroys the leaves of potato plants 叁带负泥虫（伤害马铃薯叶子的害虫）.

poteen
[pC'ti:n; po'tin] n [U] (in Ireland) whisky made in an illicit still3 （爱尔兰）私酿的威士忌酒.

potent
[5pEutnt; 5potnt] adj 1 (a) (of drugs, etc) having a strong effect （指药物等）效力大的: * a potent charm,cure, medicine 很有效的符咒、 治疗法、 药物. (b) havinggreat power 威力大的: * potent weapons 威力大的武器. (c) strongly persuasive; convincing 说服力强的; 令人信服的: * potent arguments, reasoning, etc 有说服力的论据、推理等. 2 (of males) capable of having sexual intercourse; not impotent （指男性）有性交能力的; 无阳痿的. > potency[-nsi; -nsi] n [U]. potently adv.

potentate
[5pEutnteit; 5potn7tet] n (esp formerly) ruler with direct power over his people; autocratic monarch （尤指旧时）统治者, 君主: * the splendid court of an Eastern potentate 东方君主的豪华宫廷.

potential
[pE'tenFl; pE'tenFEl] adj [attrib 作定语] (a) that can or may come into existence; possible 可能存在或出现的; 可能的: * a potential source of conflict 可能引起冲突的根源 * a potential leader 可能成为领导者的人 * The book is arguably a potential best seller. 该书或可成为一部畅销书. (b) in existence and capable of being developed or used 潜在的; 有潜力的: * potential energy, power, resources, etc 潜力、 潜能、 潜在的资源 * a machine with several potential uses 具有多种潜在功能的机器. 派生： potential n [U] 1 (a) ~ (for sth) possibility of being developed or used 潜在性; 可能性: She recognized the potential for error in the method being used. 她意识到在所采用的方法中可能出错. * He studied the German market to find the potential there for profitable investment. 他对德国的市场进行了研究以寻求投资获利的可能性. (b) qualities that exist and can be developed 潜力; 潜能: exploit/fulfil/realize one's potential 发掘[发挥/认识]自己的潜力 * She has artistic potential/potential as an artist. 她有做艺术家的潜质. * The product has even more potential in export markets. 这种产品在出口市场上甚至会有更大的销售潜力. 2 energy of an electric charge expressed in volts; voltage 电势; 电位; 电压: a current of high potential 高压电. potentiality/pE7tenFi'AlEti; pE7tenFi'AlEti] n (esp pl 尤作复数) (fml 文) power or quality that exists but has not been developed 潜力; 潜在性: * a country with great potentialities 具有很大潜力的国家. potentially[-FEli; -FEli] adv: * a potentially rich country, ie one with many natural resources that could be developed 潜力大的国家（有丰富自然资源可开发者） * a potentially catastrophic situation 可能引发严重灾难的形势.

potion
[5pEuFn; 5poFEn] n (formerly) drink of medicine, poison or a liquid used in magic （旧时）（药物、 毒物或有魔力的）饮料: * a `love potion 春药饮剂 * The magician displayed his charms and potions. 魔术师展示了咒符和有魔力的饮品.

potsherd
[5pCt-FE:d; 5pat7FEd] n (esp in archaeology) broken piece of pottery （尤指考古学）陶器碎片. Cf 参看 shard.

potted
[5pCtid; 5patid] adj 1 grown or preserved in a pot 盆栽的; 罐装的. =>pot1 1,6. 2 (often derog 常作贬义) (of a book, etc) in a short simplified form （指书等）简写的, 节略的: * a potted history of England 英国简史 * a potted version of `Hamlet' 《哈姆雷特》的节本 * (fig 比喻) She gave her parents a potted version of the night's events, ie an account that omitted anything disturbing. 她把夜间发生的事向父母粗略地讲了一遍（略去了一些令人担心的内容）.

potter
1[5pCtE(r); 5patl] (US putter[5pQtEr; 5pQtl] ) v 1 [I] work or move in a leisurely aimless way 懒散地工作; 漫无目的地走动: * He loves to potter in the garden. 他喜欢在花园里随便走走. 2 (phr v) potter about/around (sth) (a) move from one place or thing to another in aleisurely way 游逛; 闲逛; 闲荡: * potter about the exhibition慢悠悠地参观展览. (b) work in an unhurried relaxed way, doing small or trivial tasks 磨磨蹭蹭地做琐碎的事情: * We spent the weekend pottering around (in) the house. 我们周末做一些琐碎的家务事. 派生： potterer[5pCtErE(r); 5patErl] n (often derog 常作贬义) person who potters, esp one who never finishes a task 懒散的人; （尤指）磨洋工的人.

potty
1[5pCti; 5pati] adj (-ier, -iest) (Brit infml 口) 1 (a) (of a person or his behaviour) foolish or mad （指人或其行为）傻气的, 疯癫的: * Surely you don't expect me to take your potty suggestions seriously? 你肯定不会指望我认真考虑你那些荒谬的建议吧? * He seems to have gone/to be quite potty. 他好像疯疯癫癫的了. * That noise is driving me potty! 那噪声要把我吵疯了! (b) ~ about sb/sth extremely enthusiastic about sb/sth 对某人[某事物]着迷的: * She's potty about jazz. 她迷上了爵士音乐. 2 (derog 贬) small or unimportant 微小的; 不重要的: * A person with his ambition won't stay long in a potty little firm like this. 一个有雄心大志的人在这样一个不起眼的小公司里是待不长的.

pouch
[pautF; pautF] n 1 (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) small (esp leather) bag carried in the pocket or attached to a belt （放在衣袋里或连在腰带上的）小袋（尤指皮制的）: * a to`bacco-pouch 烟袋 * an,ammu`nition-pouch 子弹袋. 2 area of baggy loose skin, eg under the eyes of a sick person 皮肤的松弛下垂处（如病人眼下的）. 3 (a) bag-like pocket of skin in which a female marsupial, eg a kangaroo, carries her young 育儿袋（袋鼠等雌性有袋动物的袋）. (b) bag-like pocket of skin in the cheeks of some rodents, eg hamsters, in which they store and carry food 颊囊, 颊 （某些啮齿类动物如仓鼠等口腔内两侧的）袋囊（用以储存和携带食物）. 派生： pouch v 1 [I, Tn, Tn.pr] (cause sth to) form a pouch （使某物）成为袋状: wear a dress pouched over a belt 穿着腰带上方蓬松的连衣裙. 2 [Tn] put (sth) into a pouch; pocket 将（某物）装入袋内: to pouch a ball, ie catch it, eg in cricket 接住球（如板球戏中）.

pouffe
(also pouf)[pu:f; puf] n 1 large thick cushion used as a seat or for resting the feet on （大而厚的）坐垫, 脚垫. 2 = poof.

poulterer
[5pEultErE(r); 5poltErl] n (Brit) person who sells poultry and game 贩卖家禽和野味的人.

poultice
[5pEultis; 5poltis] n soft heated mass spread on a cloth and put on a sore place on the body to soothe pain, reduce swelling, etc 泥罨剂; 泥敷剂; 膏药: * a kaolin, mustard, etc poultice 高岭土、 芥子末等泥罨剂. 派生： poultice v [Tn] put a poultice on (sth) 敷泥罨剂於（某处）.

poultry
[5pEultri; 5poltri] n (a) [pl v] hens, ducks, geese, turkeys, etc kept for eating or for their eggs; domestic fowls 家禽: * The poultry have been fed. 家禽已经 过饲料了. * [attrib 作定语] poultry farming 家禽饲养业. (b) [U] meat of these eaten as food 家禽肉: * Poultry is expensive at this time of year. 一年中的这个时候禽肉很贵. * There's not much poultry in the shops. 商店里禽肉不太多.

pounce
[pauns; pauns] v [I, Ipr] ~ (on sb/sth) make a sudden attack by swooping or springing down 突然袭击; 猛扑: * We saw the tiger about to pounce (on the goat). 我们看见老虎要（向那只山羊）扑过去. * The hawk pounced on its prey and carried it off. 那只鹰向那小动物猛扑过去把它叼走了. * We hid behind the bushes, ready to pounce on the intruder. 我们藏在灌木丛後面, 准备向来犯者发起突然袭击. * (fig 比喻) pounce on a mistake, ie spot it very quickly 一眼就看到错误. 派生： pounce n [sing] sudden attack by pouncing 突然的袭击; 猛扑的举动.

pound
1[paund; paund] n 1 [C] (a) (abbr 缩写 lb) standard measure of weight, 16 ounces in the avoirdupoissystem, equal to 0.454 kg （常衡）磅（重量单位, 合16盎司或0.454千克）: * Apples are sold by the pound. 苹果按磅出售. * The luggage weighs 40 lbs. 这行李重40磅. * He's eaten a whole pound of plums! 他吃了整整一磅李子. (b) standard measure of weight, 12 ounces in the troy system, equal to 0.373 kg. （金衡）磅（重量单位, 合12盎司或0.373千克）. =>App 4, 5 见附录4、 5. 2 [C] (symb 符号为 ) (a) (also ,pound `sterling) unit of British money; 100 pence （英）镑（英国货币单位, 合100便士）: * The ticket will cost about a pound. 该票价约为一英镑. * I've spent 5 on food today. 今天我买食物花了5英镑. * [attrib 作定语] a five-pound note, ie a banknote for 5 一张五英镑的钞票 * a pound coin, ie a coin worth 1 一枚一英镑的硬币. =>App 4 见附录4. Cf 参看 sterling n. (b) unit of money of various other countries, eg Cyprus, Egypt, Ireland, Israel and Malta 镑（其他一些国家如塞浦路斯、 埃及、 爱尔兰、 以色列以及马尔他等的货币单位）. (c) the pound [sing] value of the British pound on international moneymarkets 英国货币在外汇市场上的比价: * The Governmentis worried about the weakness of the pound (against other currencies). 英国政府忧虑货币（较之其他货币）疲软. 3 (idm 习语) (have, want, demand, etc) one's pound of `flesh (insist on) receiving the full amount that is legally due to one even when it is morally offensive to do so （坚持）要讨回全部数额（尽管合法但不合理）: * Their distress had no effect on him he was determined to have his pound of flesh. 他对他们的不幸无动於衷--坚持向他们讨债. in for a penny, in for a pound => penny. penny wise pound foolish => penny.

poundage
[5paundidV; 5paundidV] n [U] 1 charge of a certain sum (eg 5p) per pound in value (1) 按每英镑价值所付的费用（如5便士）; 每英镑收费. 2 (a) charge of a certain sum (eg 5p) per pound in weight (1 lb) 按每磅重量所付的费用（如5便士）; 每磅收费. (b) charge of a certain amount (eg 3 oz) per pound in weight (1 lb) 按每磅重量之定量（如3盎司）所付的费用.

pounder
[5paundE(r); 5paundl] n 1 thing that weighs a pound (1 lb) 一磅重的东西. 2 (in compounds 用以构成复合词) (a) thing that weighs a specified number of pounds ...磅重的东西: * a three-pounder, eg a fish weighing 3 lb 叁磅重的东西（如3磅重的一条鱼）. (b) gun that fires a shell of the specified number of pounds 发射...磅重炮弹的炮: * an eighteen-pounder, ie a gun that fires shells weighing 18 lb each 发射18磅重炮弹的炮.

pour
[pC:(r); pCr] v 1 (a) [Ipr, Ip] (of a liquid or substance that flows like liquid) flow, esp downwards, in a continuous stream （指液体或液体般流动之物）不断流动（尤指自上而下）: * Blood was pouring from the wound. 血从伤口中涌出. * I knocked over the bucket and the water poured (out) all over the floor. 我打翻了水桶, 水流了一地. * Sweat was pouring down his face. 他满头大汗. * The ceiling collapsed and rubble poured into the room. 天花板坍塌了, 碎砖破瓦掉落到了屋里. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] cause (a liquid or substance that flows like liquid) to flow in a continuous stream 使（液体或液体般流动之物）不断流动; 倒; 灌; 注: * Although I poured it carefully, I spilt some of the oil. 虽然我倒油时很小心, 但还是 了一些. * Pour the milk into a jug. 把牛奶灌进壶里. * Pour out the water left in the bucket. 把桶里的剩水倒出来. =>illus 见插图. (c) [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (for sb) serve (esp tea or coffee) (to sb) by putting it into a cup （为某人）斟, 倒（尤指茶或咖啡）: * This teapot doesn't pour well. 这个茶壶不好倒. * Shall I pour (out) (the tea)? 我来倒（茶）好吗? * I've poured two cups of coffee. 我倒了两杯咖啡. * I've poured coffee into your cup by mistake. 我错把咖啡倒在你的杯子里了. * Shall I pour you some tea? 我给你斟点茶好吗? * Let me pour you a glass of wine. 让我给你倒杯酒吧. * I've poured a glass of wine for you. 我给你斟了一杯酒. 2 [I, Ipr, Ip] (of rain) fall heavily （指雨）倾盆而下: * It's pouring (down). 大雨如注. * She watched the rain pouring down the windows. 她注视着顺着窗户往下流的大雨. * (infml 口) a pouring wet day 大雨天. 3 [Ipr, Ip, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (cause people or things to) come or go in a continuous stream （使人或事物）不断地涌来或涌现: * Commuters were pouring into the station. 通勤者涌入车站.

pour1
* The fans poured out of the stadium cheering wildly. 体育爱好者们欣喜若狂地从体育场中蜂涌而出. * The shops and offices pour millions of workers into the street at this time of day. 一天的这段时间有数以百万计的职工从工厂和办公场所涌向街头. * Letters of complaint poured in (to head office). 投诉信件源源不断地寄到（总部）. 4 (idm 习语) it never rains but it pours => rain2. pour oil on the `flames make a bad situation worse 使情况变得更糟; 火上加油. pour oil on troubled `waters (try to) calm a disagreement, violent dispute, etc （试图）调解争端、 平息风波等. pour scorn on sb/sth speak of sb/sth with contempt 以鄙夷的口气说到某人[某事物]: * She poured scorn on the suggestion that he might never return. 她鄙弃有人暗示他一去不复返之意. pour/throw cold water on sth => cold1. 5 (phr v) pour (sth) out (cause sth to) be expressed freely (and fully) （将某事物）尽情表达出来: * When he realized we knew the truth, the whole story came pouring out. 他意识到我们已了解真相, 便把事情的原委和盘托出. * She poured out her troubles to me over a cup of coffee. 她边喝咖啡边向我倾诉她的苦恼.

pout
[paut; paut] v (a) [I] push the lips or the lower lip forward, esp as a sign of annoyance or sulking 撅嘴（尤指表示烦恼或生气）: * Tell that child to stop pouting! 叫那孩子别撅着嘴撒娇! * She pouted to show off her new lipstick. 她撅着嘴炫耀她的新口红. (b) [Tn] push (thelips) forward in this way 撅（嘴）: * pout one's lips provocatively挑 地撅着嘴. 派生： pout n (esp sing 尤作单数) pouting expression of the face 撅嘴的面部表情. poutingly adv with a pout; sulkily 撅着嘴地; 板着脸地; 生气地.

poverty
[5pCvEti; 5pavlti] n [U] 1 state of being poor 贫穷; 贫困: * live in poverty 过着穷困的生活 * She had been worn down by poverty and illness. 她贫病交加, 受尽折磨. 2 existing in too small amounts; scarcity or lack 贫乏; 缺乏: * His work was criticized for its poverty of imagination. 他的作品因缺乏想像力而受到批评. * They were handicapped by (a) poverty of resources. 他们因资源短缺处境窘迫. 3 state of being inferior; poor quality 低劣; 劣质: * the poverty of the soil 土地的贫瘠 * They were recognizable by the poverty of their dress. 根据衣着寒酸这一点可以把他们认出来. 4 (idm 习语) grinding poverty => grinding (grind). Cf 参看 poorness. 复合： `poverty line minimum level of income needed to buy the basic necessities of life 贫困线（购买基本的生活必需品所需之收入的最低水平）: There are still too many people living below the poverty line. 生活在贫困线以下的人数仍然过多. `poverty-stricken adj affected by poverty(1); extremely poor 贫困不堪的; 极度贫穷的: poverty-stricken families, homes, housing 一贫如洗的家庭、 缺衣乏食的家、 四壁萧然的房屋. `poverty trap situation in which one is unable to improve one's income because one depends on state benefits that are reduced as one's earnings increase 贫困陷阱（受政府津贴者因工资增加而津贴减少, 无法改善经济状况）.

POW
[7pi: Eu 'dQblju:; 7pi o 'dQblju] abbr 缩写 = prisonerof war: * a POW camp 战俘营.

powder
[5paudE(r); 5paudl] n 1 (a) [U] (substance in the form of a) mass of fine dry particles 粉; 粉末; 粉状物质: * crush lumps of sugar to powder 把成块的糖压成粉末 * The snow was as dry as powder. 雪乾得像粉一样. (b) [C, U] (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) substance in this form, esp one for a special use, eg as a cosmetic or medicine 粉状物质（尤指有某种用途者, 如作化妆品或药剂的）: * `face-powder 扑面粉 * `talcum powder 爽身粉 * take a powder (ie powdered medicine) to cure indigestion 服用药粉以治消化不良 * a special powder for cleaning fur 一种可清洗毛皮衣服的皂粉 * `soap powder 肥皂粉 * `baking-powder 发酵粉. 2 [U] = gunpowder (gun). 3 (idm 习语) keep one's `powderdry keep in a state of readiness to cope with a possible emergency 作好准备以对付可能出现的紧急情况: * The problem may not arise, but there's no harm in keeping our powder dry. 问题不一定会发生, 但有备无患并无害处. 派生： powder v [Tn] put powder on (sth) 施粉於（某物）: powder one's face/nose 在脸上[鼻子上]搽粉 * powder a baby after her bath, ie with talcum powder 给幼儿洗澡後再给她扑爽身粉 * the fashion for powdered hair 在头发上施以粉末装饰的流行发型. powdered adj (of a substance that is naturally liquid) dried and made into powder （指原为液体之物质）经乾燥而成粉的: The paint is sold in powdered form. 该油漆以粉制品形式出售. * powdered milk, eggs, etc 奶粉、 蛋粉. powdery[5paudEri; 5paudEri] adj 1 like powder 粉状的: * a light fall of powdery snow 细雪的轻轻飘落. 2 covered with powder 布满粉状物的: * a powdery nose 敷粉的鼻子. 复合： ,powder `blue (of a) pale blue 淡蓝色（的）. `powder-keg n 1 small metal barrel for holdinggunpowder （金属的）小型火药桶. 2 (fig 比喻) potentiallydangerous or explosive situation 具有潜在危险的或爆炸性的情势: Rising tensions have turned the area into a powder-keg and any incident could set off a riot. 形势越来越紧张, 该地区已成了火药桶, 任何小事均能激起一场动乱.

powder1
`powder-magazine n place where gunpowder is stored 火药库. `powder-puff (also puff) n soft fluffy pad used for applying face-powder 粉扑. `powder-room n (euph 婉) ladies' lavatory in a department store, hotel, theatre, etc （百货商店、 旅馆、 剧院等的）女厕所.

power
[5pauE(r); 5paul] n 1 [U] (in people) ability to do or act （人的）能力: * It is beyond/outside/not within my power (ie I am unable or am not in a position) to help you. 我没有能力帮助你. * I will do everything in my power to help you. 我愿尽我的力量帮助你. 2 (a) [U] (also powers [pl]) particular faculty of the body or mind （生理上或精神上）某方面的能力: * He has lost the power of speech. 他丧失了言语能力. * The drug affects one's power(s) of concentration. 这种药影响人精神不能集中. * He had to use all his powers of persuasion. 他只好尽力进行说服. (b) powers [pl] all the faculties of aperson's body or mind 体力; 智力: * a woman of impressive intellectual powers 智力超群的女人 * His powers are failing, ie He is becoming weak. 他的体力正在衰退. 3 [U] strength or energy behind or contained in sth 力; 力量: * There was a lot of power behind that blow. 那一击的力量很大. * The ship was helpless against the power of the storm. 那船抵挡不住风暴的力量. * (fig 比喻) They were defeated by the power of her oratory. 她靠能言善辩战胜了他们. =>Usage at strength 用法见strength. 4 [U] (a) control over others 操纵力; 影响力: * the power of the law 法律的力量 * have sb in one's power, ie be able to do what one wishes with sb 对某人具有影响力（能操纵某人） * have power over sb/sb's fate 能决定某人的命运 * fall into sb's power 落入某人的手心中 * He made the mistake of underestimating the power of the press. 他犯的错误是低估了新闻界的力量. (b) political control; rule 政权; 统治: * seize power, ie in a political coup 夺取政权 * This government came (in)to power at the last election. 这一届政府是经最近大选後上台执政的. 5 [C esp pl 尤作复数] right possessed by or given to a person or group; authority （个人或团体所掌握或获得的）职权; 权势:

power1
* The powers of the police need to be clearly defined. 必须对警方的权限作出明确的规定. * The President has exceeded his powers, ie has done more than he is allowed or has the right to do. 总统已逾越了自己的职权. * (law 律) power of attorney, ie the right to act on sb's behalf in business or financial matters 委任权（在商务或财务中代表某人之权利）. 6 [C] person, group or state with great authority or influence 很有权力或影响力的人、 团体或国家: * world powers, ie countries with the most influence in international affairs 世界大国（在国际事务中最具影响力的国家） * `Is the press a great power in your country?’ `Yes, it's far more important than the Church.’ ‘贵国的新闻界有很大的影响力吗?’‘有, 新闻界比起教会来要重要得多.’ * The country was a great naval power in past centuries, ie had great international influence because it had a large navy. 该国在前几个世纪是海上强国. * No power on earth could force me to do it. 谁也不能强迫我做这事. 7 [U] (a) energy that can be harnessed and used to do work 动力: * wind, nuclear, hydroelectric power 风力、 核动力、 水电动力 * We need to provide industry with power it can afford. 我们需向工业界提供他们负担得起的电力. * [attrib 作定语] the power supply 电源. (b) [attrib 作定语] operated by mechanical or electrical energy 机动的; 电动的: * power brakes/steering 动力制动器[转向装置] * power tools 电动工具. (c) (of an engine, etc) capacity or performance （发动机等的）功率, 性能: * a car's power of acceleration 汽车的加速性能 * the terrifying power of the huge machine 巨型机器的巨大功率. 8 [C esp sing 尤作单数] (mathematics 数) result obtained by multiplying a number by itself a certain number of times 乘方; 幂: * the third power of 2 (= 2 x 2 x 2 = 8) 2的叁次幂（= 2 x 2 x 2 = 8） * the second, third, fourth, etc power of x (= x2, x3, x4, etc) x的二次、 叁次、 四次等幂（= x2、 x3、 x4power2 /// * to the power of sth, ie multiplied by itself a certain number of times 某数的自乘 * 44 represents four to the power of four, ie 4 x 4 x 4 x 4 = 256 44表示4自乘4次. 9 [U] (of a lens) capacity for magnifying （指透镜）放大率, 放大倍数: * the power of a microscope, telescope, etc 显微镜、 望远镜等的放大倍数. 10 [C] good or evil spirit 神灵; 鬼怪: * She believed in the existence of a benevolent power. 她相信有大慈大悲的神仙. * the powers of darkness, ie the forces of evil or of the Devil 邪恶的势力. 11 (idm 习语) the corridors of power => corridor. do sb a `power of good (infml 口) be very beneficial to sb 对某人大有好处: * Her holiday has done her a power of good. 她度过了这一假期对她大有好处. * A long cool drink would do us all a power of good! 我们要是能喝上一大杯清凉饮料, 那多好哇! in `power having control or authority 掌握权力: * the party in power 执政党 * The Government has been in power for two years. 这届政府已执政两年. more power to sb's `elbow (infml 口) (used to express encouragement to sb doing sth 用以鼓励某人做某事): * She is campaigning for an improved bus service more power to her elbow! 她正在发起一项改进公共汽车运营服务的活动--祝她成功! the (real) power behind the `throne the person who really controls an organization, a country, etc, in contrast to the person who is legally in charge （组织、 国家等中）幕後实际掌握权力的人: * The President's wife was suspected of being the real power behind the throne. 总统夫人有充当幕後掌权者之嫌. the ,powers that `be (often ironic 常作反语) people who control an organization, a country, etc （组织、 国家等之）当权者, 当权派: * He was waiting for the powers that be to decide what his next job would be. 他在等待当权派给他分派下一工作. 派生： powered adj equipped with or operated by mechanical energy 有动力装置的; 用动力推动的: a new aircraft

power3
powered by Rolls Royce engines 一架装备有罗尔斯喹罗伊斯（亦译劳斯喹莱斯）发动机的新飞机 * a high-powered car 马力大的小汽车 * (fig 比喻) rather low-powered political discussions 显得有点没精打采的政治讨论. 复合： `power-boat n boat with an engine, esp a very powerful one, for racing or towing water-skiers 汽艇; 快艇. `power cut interruption in the supply of electricity 电力供应的中断; 停电: the violent storms caused several power cuts 造成几处停电的狂风暴雨. `power-dive n steep dive made by an aircraft with its engines working （飞机的）动力俯冲, 开油门俯冲. v [I] (of an aircraft) make such a dive （指飞机）开油门俯冲. `power house 1 = power-station. 2 (fig 比喻) (a) very powerful group, organization, etc 强大的团体、 组织等. (b) very strong or energetic person 身强力壮的人; 精力充沛的人. `power-point n socket on a wall, etc where electrical appliances can be plugged in to an electric circuit （墙上等处的）电源插座. `power politics political action or diplomacy based on the threat of using force 强权政治. `power-station (US `power plant) n building where electricity is generated 发电站; 发电厂: a coal-fired power-station 燃煤火力发电站 * a nuclear power-station 核电站.

powerful
[5pauEfl; 5paulfEl] adj (a) of or having great power 强有力的; 力量大的: * a powerful blow 有力的一击 * a powerful machine, motor bike, engine, etc 大功率的机器、 摩托车、 发动机等. (b) having a strong effect 很有效力的; 作用大的: * a powerful image, remedy, speech 清晰的影像、 特效的药品、 有力的讲话 * a powerful appeal to the public's sense of justice 要求公众主持正义的强烈呼吁. (c) physically strong 强健的: * powerful legs 强健的腿部 * a man with a powerful physique 身强力壮的男子. (d) having great control or influence 权力大的; 有势力的: * a powerful enemy, nation, ruler, trade union强敌、 强国、 强有力的统治者、 有势力的工会. > powerfully[-fEli; -fEli] adv: * He is very powerfully built, ie has a large strong physique. 他身强力壮.

powerless
[5pauElis; 5paullis] adj 1 without power or strength 无权力的; 无力量的: * render sb powerless 使某人失去权力. 2 ~ to do sth completely unable to do sth 对做某事无能为力的: * I am powerless to intervene in the matter. 我对调停此事无能为力. * They were powerless to resist. 他们无力抵抗. > powerlessly adv. powerlessness n [U].

powwow
[5pauwau; 5pau7wau] n 1 meeting or conference of N American Indians （北美印第安人的）会议. 2 (infml 口) meeting to discuss sth 讨论会: * hold a powwow 举行讨论会. 派生： powwow v [I, Ipr] ~ (about sth) (infml 口) have a discussion (about sth) 讨论（某事物）.

pox
[pCks; paks] n 1 the pox [sing] = syphilis. 2 [U] (in compounds 用以构成复合词) disease that causes pock-marks 痘: * `smallpox * `chicken-pox.

pp
abbr 缩写 = 1 pages. 2[7pi: 'pi:; 7pi 'pi] (also per pro/pE: * 'prEu; 7pE 'pro] ) (before a signature) on behalf of (Latin per procurationem) （签字前）代表...（源自拉丁文per procurationem）: * pp J E Symonds, eg signed by his secretary in his absence 代表J．E．西蒙兹（例如本人不在场而由秘书代签者）. 3 (music 音) very softly; very quietly (Italian pianissimo) 极柔和, 极轻（源自意大利文pianissimo）. Cf 参看 ff 2.

PPE
[7pi: pi: 'i:; 7pi pi 'i] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) (esp at Oxford University) philosophy, politics and economics （尤用於牛津大学）哲学、 政治学和经济学: * a degree in PPE 哲学、 政治学和经济学学位.

PPS
(also pps)[7pi: pi: 'es; 7pi pi 'es] abbr 缩写 = (esp at the end of a letter) additional postscript (Latin post postscriptum) （尤用於信末）再附言（源自拉丁文post postscriptum）. Cf 参看 PS 2.

PR
[7pi: 'a:(r); 7pi 'ar] abbr 缩写 = 1 proportional representation. 2 (infml 口) public relations: * a PR exercise, ie one that tries to create good will while not solving problems or achieving results 公关活动.

practicable
[5prAktikEbl; 5prAktikEbl] adj 1 that can be put into practice; workable 可以实施的; 行得通的: * a practicable scheme, solution, suggestion, etc 切实可行的计画、 解决办法、 建议等. 2 (of roads, etc) fit to be used by traffic; passable （指道路等）适於车辆往来的, 可通行的: * the mountain route that is practicable only in summer 只有在夏季才可以通行的山路. Cf 参看 impracticable. > practicability[7prAktikE'bilEti;7prAktikE'bilEti] n [U]. practicably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv.

practical
[5prktikl; 5prAktikl] adj 1 concerned with practice(1) and action rather than theory 实践的; 实际的: * practical experience, skills 实践经验、 实际技能 * It's an interesting idea but there are many practical difficulties. 这是一个很有意思的想法, 然而却存在着许多实际困难. Cf 参看 theoretical 1. 2 suitable for the purpose for which it was made; useful 切合实际的; 实用的: * a practical device with many different uses 一种多用途的实用器械 * practical clothing for outdoor sports 适於室外运动穿的衣服 * Your invention is ingenious, but not very practical. 你所发明的东西巧是巧, 但不太实用. 3 (a) (of a person) clever at doing and making things （指人）心灵手巧的: * She's very practical. 她心灵手巧. * He has a practical partner who organizes everything for him. 他有个很能干的伙伴, 替他把一切弄得井井有条. (b) sensible and realistic 讲求实际的; 实事求是的: * We must be practical and work out the cost before we make a decision. 我们应该实事求是地先把费用算出来, 然後再做决定. 4 that is so in effect; virtual 事实上的; 实际上的: * The owner's brother has been in practical control of the firm for years. 业主的弟弟实际控制该商行已有多年. 5 (idm 习语) for (all) `practical purposes as far as really matters; in reality 事实上; 实际上: * The sale was supposed to last for a week, but for all practical purposes it's over. 减价销售原来预料要持续一周, 然而实际上现在已经结束了. Cf 参看 impractical. 派生： practical n (infml 口) practical(1) examination or lesson, eg in a scientific subject 实验课考试, 实习课（如某一学科的）: a physics practical 物理实验. practicality[7prAkti'kAlEti; 7prAkti'kAlEti] n 1 [U] quality or state of being sensible and realistic 实际性; 现实性; 实用性: * He questioned the practicality of the proposal. 他对该项建议的可行性表示怀疑.

practical1
2 practicalities [pl] practical(1) matters rather thanideas 实际的事务: * We need to start discussing practicalities.我们需要着手讨论实际问题. practically[-kli; -kli] adv 1 almost; virtually 几乎; 实际上: * It rained practically every day. 几乎天天下雨. * His work is practically unknown here. 他的作品在这里实际上不为人知. 2 in a practical manner 实际地; 实事求是地: * She solved the problem very practically. 她很实事求是地解决了这个问题. 复合： ,practical `joke trick played on sb for amusement, usu involving some physical action 恶作剧: The children put salt in the sugar bowl as a practical joke. 孩子们玩恶作剧把盐放进了糖罐里. ,practical `joker person who plays practical jokes 玩恶作剧的人.

practice
[5prAktis; 5prAktis] n 1 [U] actual doing of sth; action as contrasted with theory 实践; 实际: * put a plan into practice 实行某计画 * The idea would never work in practice, ie It seems good in theory but would be useless if carried out. 那种设想永远也实现不了. 2 (a)[U] regularly repeated exercise done in order to improveone's skill （经常反覆的）练习: * an hour's practice every day 每天一小时的练习 * Playing the piano well requires a lot of practice. 要弹好钢琴就得多练习. * [attrib 作定语] a practice game 练习赛. (b) [C] period of time spent doing this 进行练习的一段时间; 练习期间: * The players will meet for a practice in the morning. 运动员们在早上一起训练. 3 (a) [U] way of doing sth that is common or habitual 惯例; 常规: * It is accepted/standard practice to pay a deposit with one's order. 在预订时交付定金是一般的[普遍遵守的]惯例. * Paying bills promptly is good financial practice. 及时付帐是理财的好习惯. * It is the practice in Britain to drive on the left. 车辆靠左行驶是英国的制度. (b) [C] thing done regularly; habit or custom 惯常做的事; 习惯; 习俗: * the practice of closing shops on Sundays 星期天店铺休业的惯例 * I had coffee after dinner, as is my usual practice. 我饭後喝咖啡, 这是我的习惯. 4 (a) [U] work of a doctor or lawyer （医生或律师的）工作: * a doctor working in general practice, ie as a family doctor 全科医生（如家庭医生） * She has retired from practice/is no longer in practice. 她已退休[已不再执业]. (b) [C] (place of) business of a doctor or lawyer （医生或律师的）业务; 诊所; 律师事务所: * a medical/legal practice 诊所[法律事务所] * a group practice, ie a partnership of several doctors 联合诊所（由几位医生联合执业） * His practice is in the centre of the city. 他的事务所位於市中心. * She has just bought (into) a very profitable practice. 她刚买下一个赢利很高的事务所（的股票）.

practice1
5 [U] (a) (esp of a doctor or lawyer) practising one's profession （尤指医生或律师的）执业, 生意: * the practice of law/medicine 律师的业务[医生的行医]. (b) exercising one's faith, etc 修养: * the practice of one's religion 修道. 6 (idm 习语) ,in/,out of `practice having/not having spent time doing practice 勤於[疏於]实践或练习: * It's important to keep in practice. 经常练习很重要. * If you don't play, you'll get out of practice. 不练习就会荒疏. make a habit/practice of sth => habit. ,practice makes `perfect (saying 谚) doing sth (eg a skill or craft) repeatedly is the only way to become very good at it 熟能生巧. sharp practice => sharp.

practician
[prAk'tiFn; prAk'tiFEn] n = practitioner.

practise
(US practice)[5prAktis; 5prAktis] v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Tg] ~ (sth) (on sth) do sth repeatedly or regularly in order to improve one's skill 练习; 实习: * I haven't been practising enough. 我练习得还不够. * She's practising (a new piece) on the piano. 她在练习弹奏（一支新曲子）. * I need to practise my Italian before my business trip. 我出差以前需要练习一下意大利语. * Practise throwing the ball into the net. 练习投篮. 2 [Tn] make (sth) part of one's behaviour by doing it regularly 经常做（某事）养成习惯: * practise economy, patience, self-control, etc 厉行节约、 锻炼耐性、 锻炼自制力. 3 [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (as sth) work as a doctor or lawyer 执业为医生或律师: * Does he still practise? 他还在执业吗? * She practised as a solicitor for many years. 她当了许多年事务律师. * practise homoeopathic medicine 施行顺势疗法. 4 [I, Tn] do (sth) actively 积极从事（某事物）: * He was a Catholic but didn't practise (his religion). 他那时是天主教徒, 但并不实践信仰. * a practising Anglican 实践信仰的圣公会教徒. 5 (idm 习语) ,practise what one `preaches do habitually oneself what one tells others to do 躬行实践; 身体力行. 派生： practised (US -ticed) adj ~ (in sth) expert, esp as a result of much practice; experienced 熟练的; 内行的; 有经验的: He performed the job with practised skill. 他干这工作很熟练. * practised in the art of deception 善使手腕骗人的.

practitioner
[prAk'tiFEnE(r); prAk'tiFEnl] (also practician)n 1 person who practises a skill or an art 习艺者; 实习者. 2 person who practises a profession, esp medicine 从业者; （尤指）行医者: * a general practitioner 全科医生.

praesidium
= presidium.

pragmatic
[prAg'mAtik; prAg'mAtik] adj 1 treating things in a sensible and realistic way; concerned with practical results 务实的; 实事求是的; 注重实效的: * a politician valued for his pragmatic approach 因讲求实际而受人尊重的政治家 * a pragmatic solution to the problem 实事求是地解决问题的方法. 2 of or concerning pragmatism(2) 实用主义的; 实用主义观点的. > pragmatically[-kli; -kli] adv.

pragmatism
[5prAgmEtizEm; 5prAgmE7tizEm] n [U] (fml 文) 1 thinking about or treating things in a practical way 实用的观点或思想方法. 2 (in philosophy) belief that the truth or value of a theory can only be judged by its practical results （哲学）实用主义. 派生： pragmatist[-tist; -tist] n 1 person who acts in a practical way 做事从实际出发的人. 2 believer in pragmatism(2) 实用主义者.

prairie
[5preEri; 5preri] n wide area of level grassland, esp in N America; plain2 大草原（尤指北美洲的）. Cf 参看 pampas, savannah, steppe, veld. 复合： ,prairie-`dog n small N American burrowing animal with a bark like a dog's 草原犬鼠（产自北美洲, 穴居, 叫声似犬吠）.

praise
1[preiz; prez] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.n/a] ~ sb/sth (for sth); ~ sb/sth as sth express approval or admiration for sb/sth 称赞或赞赏某人[某事物]: * The guests praised the meal. 客人们称赞这顿饭做得好. * He was obviously expecting to be praised. 他显然想要得到表扬. * He praised her for her courage. 他赞扬她很勇敢. * Critics praised the work as highly original. 评论家们称赞该作品独树一帜. 2 [Tn] honour or glorify (God) in prayer; worship 赞美, 颂扬（上帝）; 崇拜. 3 (idm 习语) praise, etc sb to the skies => sky.

praline
[5pra:li:n; 5pra7lin] n sweet2(1) made by browning nuts in boiling sugar, used esp as a flavouring or filling for chocolate confectionery 果仁糖（尤用作巧克力点心的加料或夹馅）.

pram
[prAm; prAm] n (Brit) (US `baby buggy, baby carriage, buggy) four-wheeled carriage, pushed by hand, for a baby （手推的）幼儿车（有四轮）.

prance
[pra:ns; - prAns; prAns] v 1 [I] (of a horse) move jerkily by raising the forelegs and springing forward from the hind legs （指马）腾跃. 2 (phr v) prance about, along, around, in, out, etc move in the specified direction in a high-spirited or arrogant way 手舞足蹈地或神气活现地朝某方向移动: * She was prancing along in her new outfit. 她穿着全套新衣服神气活现地走着. * He pranced out of the room in a fury. 他盛怒之下大摇大摆走出了房间. * They were prancing about (ie jumping or dancing happily) to the music. 他们跟着音乐欢蹦乱跳. 派生： prance n [sing] prancing movement （马的）腾跃; 欢蹦乱跳; 昂首阔步.

prang
[prAN; prAN] v [Tn] (sl 俚 esp Brit) damage (a vehicle) in a crash 撞毁, 撞坏（车辆）: * He's pranged his new bike. 他把他那辆新自行车撞坏了. 派生： prang n (damage caused to a vehicle in a) crash （车辆等的）撞毁, 碰撞: He's had a bit of a prang. 他出了严重的撞车事故.

prank
[prANk; prANk] n playful or mischievous trick 玩笑; 恶作剧: * a childish prank 像孩子般的胡闹 * play a prank on sb 戏弄某人. 派生： prankster[5prANkstE(r); 5prANkstl] n person who plays pranks 开玩笑者; 搞恶作剧的人.

prate
[preit; pret] v (derog 贬) (a) [I, Ip] ~ (on about sth) talk or chatter too much (about sth) （对某事物）喋喋不休, 唠唠叨叨: * Listen to him prating on about nothing. 听他瞎唠叨. (b) [I] talk (foolishly) 胡扯: * a prating idiot 胡说八道的笨蛋.

prattle
[5prAtl; 5prAtl] v [I, Ip] (a) ~ (away) (of a child) talk in a simple way; babble （指儿童）说简单的话, 牙牙学语: * The baby is prattling (away) happily in her cot. 那幼儿在小床上牙牙自语, 快活得很. (b) (often derog 常作贬义) ~ (on about sth) (of an adult) talk at length, esp about unimportant things （指成人）絮絮叨叨地说; （尤指）闲聊: * prattle on about the village gossip 闲扯些村里的事. 派生： prattle n [U] unimportant chatter; gossip 闲聊; 闲话. prattler[5prAtlE(r); 5prAtll] n (often derog 常作贬义) person who prattles (prattle b) 说话絮叨的人.

prawn
[prC:n; prCn] n type of edible shellfish like a large shrimp 大虾; 对虾; 明虾: * [attrib 作定语] a ,prawn `cocktail, ie a dish of prawns served with mayonnaise 一盘浇有蛋黄酱的大虾.

pray
[prei; pre] v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn.pr, Tf, Tt] ~ (to sb) (for sb/sth); ~ sb (for sth) offer thanks, make requests known, etc (to God) 祈祷; 祷告: * The priest prayed for the dying man. 牧师为死者做祷告. * They prayed (to God) for an end to their sufferings/for their sufferings to end. 他们为早日结束苦难而祈祷. * They prayed that she would recover. 他们为她尽快康复而祈祷. * She prayed to be forgiven/(to) God for forgiveness. 她祈求宽恕[上帝宽恕]. 2 [Tn.pr, Dn.t] ~ sb (for sth) (dated fml 旧, 文) ask sb (for sth/to do sth) as a favour; beg （为某事物）恳求某人; 乞求某人（做某事物）: * We pray you for mercy/to show mercy. 我们恳求你发慈悲. * We pray you to set the prisoner free. 我们恳求你释放这个囚犯.

prayer
[preE(r); prer] n 1 (a) [C] ~ (for sth) solemn request to God or to an object of worship 祈祷; 祷告: * say one's prayers 做祷告 * a prayer for forgiveness, rain, success 为获得宽恕、 雨水、 成功而做的祷告 * He arrived, as if in answer to her prayers. 他终於来了, 好像她祷告很灵验. (b) fixed form of words used for this祈祷文: * the Lord's Prayer 主祷文 * prayers he had learnt as a child 他儿时念过的祈祷文. 2 [U] action of praying 祈祷; 祷告: * spend time in prayer 做祷告 * Let us kneel in prayer. 我们跪下祈祷吧. * She believed in the power of prayer. 她相信祈祷的力量. 3 (a) [sing] form of religious service consisting mainly of prayers （宗教的）祈祷式: * Evening/Morning Prayer 晚[早]祷. (b) prayers[pl] informal meeting in order to pray （非正式的）祷告会: * family/morning/evening/daily prayers 家庭的[早晨的/晚上的/每天的]祷告会. 复合： `prayer-book n (a) book containing prayers, for use in church, etc （教堂等使用的）祈祷书. (b) the `Prayer Book (also the ,Book of ,Common `Prayer) prayer-book used in Anglican services （圣公会的）祈祷书, 公祷书. `prayer-mat (also `prayer-rug) n small carpet on which Muslims kneel when praying （穆斯林做祷告时用的）跪毯. `prayer-meeting n (esp in Protestant churches) meeting where people say personal prayers aloud to God （尤指新教教会的）祷告会. `prayer-wheel n revolving drum-shaped box inscribedwith or containing prayers, used esp by Tibetan Buddhists（西藏喇嘛教徒用的刻有或带有祈祷文的）祈祷轮, 地藏车.

Pre
Raphaelite

pre
ordain

pre-
pref 前缀 (used fairly widely with vs, ns, adjs and advs 与大量动词、 名词、 形容词、 副词连用) before 在...前; 先於: pre-cook * prefabricate * pre-medication * pre-Christian * prematurely. Cf 参看 ante-, post-.

preach
[pri:tF; pritF] v 1 (a) [I, Ipr] ~ (to sb) (about/against/on sth) give a sermon, esp in church 讲道, 布道（尤指在教堂中）: * The vicar preached to the congregation for half an hour. 那位教区牧师向会众讲道半个小时. * He preaches well. 他讲道讲得好. * What did he preachabout/on? 他宣讲了什麽? * He preached against violence.他讲道中宣讲反对暴力的道理. (b) [Tn, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) give (a sermon) 讲（道）; 布（道）: * He preaches the same sermon every Christmas. 他每逢圣诞节都宣讲同一教旨. (c) [Tn, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) make (a religion or teaching) known by talking about it publicly; teach (sth) 宣扬（教义或教条）; 教导（某事物）: * preach the Gospel/the word of God 传布福音[上帝的道] * They preached the new doctrines throughout Europe. 他们在全欧洲宣讲这一新学说. 2 [Tn] try to persuade people to accept or support (sth); advocate 劝说人们赞成或支持（某事物）; 说教; 鼓吹: * She preached economy as the best means of solving the crisis. 她大力鼓吹节约是解决危机的关键. * He was always preaching the virtues of capitalism. 他总是宣传资本主义的长处. 3 [I, Ipr] ~ (at/to sb) (often derog 常作贬义) give unwanted advice on morals, behaviour, etc, esp in a persistent, annoying manner 进行道德、 操守等方面的说教（尤指唠叨、 令人厌烦）: * I am tired of listening to you preach (at me). 我懒得听你（对我讲）的大道理. * You are in no position to preach to me about efficiency! 你没有资格对我大谈什麽效率问题! 4 (idm 习语) practisewhat one preaches => practise. preach to the con`verted speak to people in support of views that they already hold 对人们宣传他们早已持有的观点: * Telling conservationists that we need to preserve the natural heritage really is preaching to the converted! 向自然资源保护论者宣讲需要保护自然界遗产的道理, 真是多此一举. 派生： preacher n person who preaches, esp a clergyman who preaches sermons: 说教者; 鼓吹者; （尤指）传道人, 讲道的教士

preach1
* a good preacher 善於说教的人 * a preacher famous for his inspiring sermons 以讲道能激励人心见称的传道人.

preamble
[pri:'Ambl; 5priAmbl] n [C, U] ~ (to sth) opening statement explaining the purpose of the book, document, lecture, etc that follows （书籍、 文件、 讲演等的）前言, 序言, 开场白: * He launched into his statement without any preamble. 他开门见山地发表言论.

prebend
[5prebEnd; 5prebEnd] n (religion 宗) income paid to a priest from the revenue of a church, esp a cathedral 牧师的薪俸. 派生： prebendary[5prebEndri; - -deri; 5prebEnd7eri] n priest who receives a prebend 受俸牧师.

precarious
[pri5keEriEs; pri5keriEs] adj 1 depending on chance; uncertain 依靠机会的; 不确定的: * She makes a rather precarious living as a novelist. 她当小说家, 过着不太稳定的生活. 2 unsteady; unsafe 不稳固的; 不安全的: * He was unable to get down from his precarious position on the rocks. 他无法从岩石危险的位置上下来. > precariously adv: * to perch precariously 摇摇欲坠 * They lived precariously on the income from a few small investments. 他们依靠些微投资中的收入, 过着朝不保夕的生活. precariousness n [U].

precaution
[pri5kC:Fn; pri5kCFEn] n ~ (against sth) thing done in advance to avoid danger, prevent problems, etc 预防措施或方法: * take an umbrella just as a precaution 带把伞, 有备无患 * fire precautions/precautions against fire 防火措施 * I took the precaution of locking everything in the safe. 我把一切东西都锁在保险箱里以防万一. 派生： precautionary/pri5kC:FEnEri; - -neri; pri5kCFEn7eri] adj done as a precaution; preventive 防备的; 预防的: * precautionary measures 预防措施.

precede
[pri5si:d; pri5sid] v 1 [I, Tn] come or go before (sth) in time, order, rank, etc （在时间、 顺序、 行列等上）在（某事物）之前; 先於（某事物）: * The Mayor entered, preceded by members of the council. 市政会的委员们入场後, 市长也入场了. * This point has been dealt with in the preceding paragraph. 这一点在前面一段里已经交代过了. * the days that preceded the final catastrophe 大祸即将临头的那些日子. 2 [Tn.pr] ~ sth with sth say sth before sth 在讲某话之前先讲某话; 在讲...前加上...: * She preceded her speech with a vote of thanks to the committee. 她发表讲话以前先提议向全体委员表示感谢.

precedence
[5presidEns; 5presEdEns] n [U] ~ (over sb/sth) right to come before sb/sth in time, order, rank, etc （在时间、 顺序、 行列等上）领先於某人[某事物]的权利; 优先权: * The longest-serving officer always takes precedence. 任职时间最长的官员事事优先. * The elder son has precedence over the younger one. 长子较之非长子享有优先权. * The needs of the community must take precedence over (ie must be met before) individual requirements. 公众的利益高於个人的利益. * a list of the English aristocracy in order of precedence, ie in order of social rank 按社会等级排列的英国贵族名单.

precedent
[5presidEnt; 5presEdEnt] n (a) [C] earlier decision, case, event, etc that is regarded as an example or rule for what comes later 可援为先例的判决、 事例、 事件等: * create/establish/set a precedent (for sth) （为某事物）开创先例 * serve as a precedent for sth 为某事物提供范例 * There is no precedent for such an action. 这种行动没有先例可循. (b) [U] existing precedents (used esp in the expressions shown) 先例（尤用於下列示例）: * without precedent 没有先例 * break with precedent, ie not act according to precedents 打破先例（不按先例行事）. 派生： precedented adj having or supported by a precedent 有先例的; 有前例可援的: a decision not precedented in English law 在英国法律中无前例可援的判决.

precentor
[pri5sentE(r); pri5sentl] n clergyman who is in charge of the music in a cathedral and (often) leads the singers （教堂歌咏班的）领唱者.

precept
[5pri:sept; 5prisept] n 1 [C] rule or guide, esp for behaviour 规范; 准则; （尤指）格言, 箴言: * follow the precepts of one's religion 遵循自己的宗教戒律 * He lived by the precept `practise what you preach'. 他奉行‘言行一致’的准则. 2 [U] moral instruction 道德箴言; 教训: * Example is better than precept. 身教胜於言教. 派生： preceptor/pri5septE(r); pri5septl] n (fml 文) teacher 教师; 导师.

precession
[pri5seFn; pri5seFEn] n [U] (also pre,cessionof the `equinoxes) gradual change in the angle at which the earth revolves daily, causing the equinoxes to occur slightly earlier in each successive year 岁差（地球自转角度的渐次变化, 使每年的春分点及秋分点比上年略为提前）.

precinct
[5pri:siNkt; 5prisiNkt] n 1 [C] area enclosed by definite boundaries, esp the walls of a cathedral, church or college （有界限围成的）区域; （尤指）教堂或大学墙以内的境域: * a sacred precinct 教堂的地界范围 * these hallowed precincts 这些神圣的境域. 2 [C] (Brit) area in a town for specific or restricted use, esp one where vehicles may not enter 城镇中有某用途的或受限制的地区; （尤指禁止机动车通行的）行人专用区: * a shopping precinct 购物区 * a pedestrian precinct 行人专用区. 3 [C] (US) subdivision of a county, city, etc （县、 市等的）分区: * an election precinct 选区 * a police precinct 警察分管区. 4 precincts [pl] (a) boundaries; limits 界限; 范围: * No parking within the hospital precincts. 医院范围内禁止停放车辆. (b) area around a place; environs 周围地区; 附近: * the old city and its precincts 旧城市及其郊区 * the airport and precincts 机场及周围地区.

preciosity
[7preFi'CsEti; 7preFi'asEti] n (fml 文) (a) [U]over-refinement in language and art; being precious(3) （语言和艺术的）过於讲究; 矫揉造作. (b) [C often pl 常作复数] instance of this 过於讲究.

precious
[5preFEs; 5preFEs] adj 1 of great value (and beauty) 贵重的; 宝贵的: * the precious metals, ie gold, silver and platinum 贵金属（金、 银、 白金） * precious gems/stones, ie diamonds, rubies, emeralds, etc 宝石（钻石、 红宝石、 绿宝石等）. 2 ~ (to sb) highly valued; dearly loved 珍贵的; 受到珍爱的: * precious moments together 相处在一起的珍贵时刻 * Each life is precious. 生命都是非常宝贵的. * a precious memento of happier times 幸福时日的珍贵纪念品 * She is very precious to him. 她在他心中占着非常重要的地位. * (infml ironic 口, 反语) She talks about nothing except her precious car! 她说话离不开她那宝贝汽车! 3 (derog 贬) (of language, style, etc) over-refined; unnatural （指语言、 风格等）过於讲究的, 矫揉造作的: * poetry full of precious images 尽是挖空心思的意象的诗篇 * a rather precious young man 惺惺作态的年轻男子. 4 (infml often ironic 口, 常作反语) considerable 可观的: * A precious lot of good that will do! 那样做大有好处! 派生： precious adv (used before little, few 用於little、 few之前) (infml 口) very 很; 非常: Precious few people can afford prices like that. 没有什麽人出得起那个价钱. * She has precious little to be cheerful about. 她几乎毫无乐趣. precious n (infml 口) (used as an affectionate name when speaking to sb 用作表示亲 的称呼语) dear 亲爱的: What did you say, (my) precious? （我）亲爱的, 你说什麽呀? preciously adv in a precious(3) manner 过於考究地; 矫揉造作地. preciousness n [U] quality of being precious(1, 2) 贵重; 宝贵; 珍贵; 珍爱.

precipice
[5presipis; 5presEpis] n very steep or vertical face of a cliff, mountain or rock 悬崖; 峭壁: * (fig 比喻) The country's economy was on the edge of the precipice, ie in danger of collapsing. 该国的经济已处於崩溃的边缘.

precipitate
[pri5sipiteit; pri5sipE7tet] v 1 [Tn] (fml 文) cause (sth) to happen suddenly or soon (er); hasten 使（某事物）突然或迅速地发生; 加速: * events that precipitated his ruin 突然毁了他的事件 * One small error precipitated the disaster. 一个小小的错误酿成这一灾难. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] (fml 文) (a) throw (sb/sth) with force (as if) from a great height （似）自极高处将（某人[某物]）猛然扔下; 猛摔（某人[某物]）. (b) ~ sb/sth into sth (fig 比喻) throw sb/sth suddenly (into a state or condition) 使某人[某事物]突然陷入（某种状况）: * The assassination of the ambassador precipitated the country into war. 由於大使遇刺, 该国顿时进入了战争状态. 3 (chemistry 化) (a) [I] (of a substance) separate into solid form from the liquid in which it is held （指物质）沉淀, 淀析. (b) [Tn] cause (a substance) to do this 使（物质）沉淀; 析出（某种物质）. 4 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr esp passive 尤用於被动语态] ~ (sth) (as sth) (cause vapour to) condense and form rain, snow etc （使水气）冷凝成为雨、 雪等: * The clouds precipitate/are precipitatedas snow in winter. 在冬天云冷凝成为雪. 派生： precipitate n [C, U] (a) solid matter that has been precipitated (precipitate 3b) from a solution 沉淀物; （液体的）析出物; 冷凝物. (b) moisture condensed from vapour and deposited (as rain, dew, etc) （水气的）凝结物（如雨、 露等）. precipitate/pri5sipitEt; pri5sipE7tEt] adj (a) violently hurried 急促的; 迅猛的: * a precipitate dash 猛冲. (b) (of an action) done without care or thought; rash2 （指行动）鲁莽的, 未经考虑的, 仓促的: * his precipitate action in selling the property 他变卖财产的草率行为. (c) (of a person) acting without care or thought; impulsive （指人）鲁莽的, 仓促行事的, 感情用事的. precipitately adv.

precipitation
[pri7sipi'teiFn; pri7sipE'teFEn] n 1 [U] (fml 文) violent haste 迅急; 匆促; 仓促; 鲁莽: * to act with precipitation 仓促行事. 2 [U] separation of a solid substance from the liquid in which it is held 沉淀; 淀析. 3 (a) [C] fall of rain, sleet, snow or hail （雨、 雨夹雪、 雪、 雹子等的）降落: * a heavy precipitation 一场大雨（或雨夹雪、 雪、 雹子）. (b) [U] amount of rain, etc thatfalls in an area 某地区降雨等的量: * the annual precipitationof the region 该地区的年降雨量.

precipitous
[pri5sipitEs; pri5sipEtEs] adj (fml 文) dangerously high or steep 险峻的; 陡峭的: * From a precipitous height we looked at the town spread out below. 我们从险峻的高处眺望铺展在下面的城镇. * a precipitous path down the mountainside 沿山腰而下的一条陡峭的小路 * a precipitous climb to the peak 向着陡峭山顶的攀登. > precipitously adv: * perched precipitously on the edge of the cliff 位於峭壁上的.

precis
[5preisi:; - prei'si:; pre'si] n [U, C] (pl unchanged复数不变[-i:z; -iz] ) restatement in shortened form of the main points or ideas of a speech or written text; summary （演说或文章的）摘要, 大意, 梗慨, 大纲. 派生： precis v [Tn] make a precis of (sth) 作（某事）的摘要; 写（某事）的大纲: precising a scientific report 给一份科学报告写摘要.

precise
[pri5sais; pri5sais] adj 1 stated clearly andaccurately 叙述清楚而准确的: * precise details, instructions, measurements 准确的细节、 明确的指示、 精确的尺寸 * a precise record of events 对事件的准确的记载. 2 [attrib 作定语] exact; particular 精确的; 独特的: * at that precise moment 恰在那时 * It was found at the precise spot where she had left it. 那东西正好在她遗落的那个地点找到了. 3 (of a person, his mind, etc) taking care to be exact and accurate, esp about minor details （指人、 思想等）精细的, （尤指）一丝不苟的: * a precise mind, worker 一丝不苟的头脑、 工作者 * 100, or 99.8 to be precise100, 或准确说来是99.8 * (often derog 常作贬义) a man with a very prim and precise (ie too careful or fussy) manner 一个锱铢必较的男子. 派生： precisely adv 1 (a) exactly; just 精确地; 恰好: at 2 o'clock precisely 正好在两点钟 * I can't remember precisely what happened. 我记不准所发生的事情了. * That is precisely what I mean. 那正是我的意思. * The two accounts are precisely the same. 这两种说法如出一辙. (b) in a precise(2) manner; carefully 精确地; 细心地: He enunciated the words very precisely. 他吐字非常清楚. 2 (used to express agreement with a statement and often to suggest that it states the obvious 用以表示同意并常含有当然如此之意) you are right; quite so 对; 的确如此: `But if the delivery is late, we will lose the order!’ `Precisely.’ ‘可要是不能如期交货, 我们就要失去这笔生意!’‘的确如此.’ preciseness n [U] 1 quality of being precise (1) 准确; 精确; 明确. 2 = precision 1.

precision
[pri5siVn; pri5siVEn] n [U] 1 (also preciseness) exactness and clarity; quality of being precise(1) 准确（性）; 明确（性）; 精确（性）: * Your report lacks precision. 你的报告不够准确. * Aim for more precision in your style. 写东西时要力求准确. 2 accuracy 精密（度）: * clockwork precision 无比精确 * The diagram had been copied with great precision. 该图表的复制件极精确. * [attrib 作定语] precision timing 恰到好处的时机 * precision instruments/tools, ie those designed for very accurate work, measurements, etc 精密仪器[工具].

preclude
[pri5klu:d; pri5klud] v [Tn, Tn.pr, Tsg] ~ sb from doing sth (fml 文) prevent (sth, or sb doing sth); make (sth) impossible 妨碍（某事物）; 阻止（某人做某事）; 使（某事物）行不通: * That sale precludes further development on this site. 卖出以後妨碍了这一地点的进一步发展. * Their move does not preclude others from investing. 他们这一行动并不影响其他人进行投资. *These conditions preclude our taking part in the negotiations.这些条件使我们无法参加谈判. > preclusion/ prI5klu:Vn; prI`kluVEn/ n [U].

precocious
[pri5kEuFEs; pri5koFEs] adj (a) (of a child) having developed certain abilities at an earlier age than usual （指儿童）在某方面早熟的, 较早具备某种能力的, 超常的: * a precocious child who could play the piano at the age of three 叁岁就能弹奏钢琴的早慧儿童. (b) (of behaviour, ability, etc) showing this development （指行为、 能力等）较早显出的, 超常的: * a precocious talent for mimicry 超常的模仿才能 * He shows a precocious interest in the opposite sex. 他年纪轻轻就表现出对异性的兴趣. (c) (derog 贬) (of a child) behaving in a manner more suited to an older person （指儿童）老气的: * That child is far too precocious! 那孩子过於老成! 派生： precociously adv. precociousness, precocity/pri5kCsEti; pri5kasEti] ns [U] being precocious （指儿童）早熟, 早慧, 老气.

precognition
[7pri:kCg'niFn; 7prikag'niFEn] n [U] (fml or psychology 文或心) knowledge of sth before it occurs 早知; 预知; 预见.

preconceived
[7pri:kEn5si:vd; 7prikEn5sivd] adj [attrib 作定语] (of an idea, opinion, etc) formed in advance and not based on knowledge or experience （指思想、 观点等）事先形成的: * Tourists forget their preconceived ideas as soon as they visit our country. 游客访问了我国之後立刻消除了他们的先入之见.

preconception
[7pri:kEn5sepFn; 7prikEn5sepFEn] n ~ (about sb/sth) opinion or idea formed in advance and not based on experience or knowledge 事先形成的观点或思想; 先入之见: * Common preconceptions about life in this district are increasingly being challenged. 原先普遍存在着对那一地区生活的成见越来越站不住脚了. Cf 参看 misconception (misconceive).

precursor
[7pri:'kE:sE(r); pri5kEsl] n (fml 文) ~(of sth) 1 person or thing that comes before sth; forerunner 先驱; 先行者; 先兆; 前兆: * small disturbances that were precursors of the revolution to come 预示革命将爆发的小规模动乱. 2 machine or invention that is later developed further （机器或发明物的）初期形式: * Thefirst telephone was the precursor of modern communications networks. 最早出现的电话是现代通讯网的雏型.

predator
[5predEtE(r); 5predE7tl] n 1 animal that kills and eats other animals 捕食其他动物的动物; 食肉动物: * predators of the African grasslands 非洲草原的食肉动物. 2 (derog or joc 贬或谑) person who exploits others, esp financially or sexually 奴役他人者（尤指在财务或性关系方面）: * He denounced all landlords and money-lenders as evil predators. 他痛斥所有地主和放债者都是罪恶的剥削者.

predatory
[5predEtri; - -tC:ri; 5predE7tCri] adj 1 (of animals) (living by) killing other animals for food （指动物）捕食其他动物的, 食肉的: * predatory birds 捕食动物的鸟 * The domesticated cat retains its predatory instincts. 猫依然保持着捕食动物的天性. 2 (a) (for the purpose of) plundering 掠夺的; 以掠夺为目的的: * predatory groups of bandits 抢劫财物的匪帮 * a predatory attack 掠夺性的攻击. (b) (derog or joc 贬或谑) (of a person) wishing to exploit others for financial or sexual reasons（指人）（在财务或性关系方面）企图奴役他人的: * predatory advances, attentions, etc 好色者的勾引、 勤等 * We were pestered by predatory salesmen. 贪心的商人敲了我们竹 .

predecease
[7pri:di'si:s; 7pridi'sis] v [Tn] (law 律) die before (sb) 死於（某人）之前: * He left all his money to his wife without thinking that she might predecease him. 他把全部金钱都交给了妻子, 而没有考虑到妻子可能死得比他早.

predecessor
[5pri:disesE(r); - 'predE-; 7predi'sesl] n 1 person who held an office or position before sb else （职务或职位的）前任者: * The decision was made by my predecessor. 那一决定是我的前任作出的. 2 thing that has been followed or replaced by sth else 被接继或被取代的事物: * Will the new plan be any more acceptable than its predecessors? 新计画比原先的计画更能令人满意吗? Cf 参看 successor.

predestination
[7pri:desti'neiFn; 7pridestE'neFEn] n [U]1 (a) theory or belief that everything that happens has been predetermined by God and that man cannot change it 宿命论. (b) destiny that cannot be changed; fate 命运; 造化. 2 doctrine or belief that God has decreed in advance that certain souls will be saved and others will not 得救预定论（认为上帝已预先选定某些灵魂得救, 馀者受咒诅）.

predestine
[7pri:'destin; pri5destin] v [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: * Tn, Cn.t] (fml 文) decide or determine sth (as if) by fate （仿佛）命中注定某事物: * It seemed that his failure was predestined. 他的失败似乎是命中注定的. * She was obviously predestined to succeed. 她显然注定了能成功. * They both felt that they were predestined to spend their lives together. 他们俩都觉得他们注定了要在一起生活一辈子.

predetermine
[7pri:di'tE:min; 7pridi'tEmin] v (fml 文) [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] decide or fix (sth) in advance; prearrange 预先决定或确定（某事物）; 事先安排: * predetermined behaviour, strategies, responses 既定的行为、 策略、 答覆 * A person's health is often genetically predetermined. 人的体质通常是由遗传决定的. > predetermination[7pri:di7tE:mi'neiFn; 7pridi7tEmE'neFEn] n [U].

predicament
[pri5dikEmEnt; pri5dikEmEnt] n difficult or unpleasant situation, esp one in which sb is uncertain what to do （困难的或为难的）处境, 窘况（尤指不知所措者）: * Your refusal puts me in an awkward predicament. 你一拒绝让我感到十分为难. * A loan of money would help me out of my predicament. 只需一笔贷款就能帮我摆脱困境.

predicate
1[5predikEt; 5predikEt] n (grammar) part of a statement that says sth about the subject, eg `is short' in `Life is short' 谓语（话中对主语进行陈述的部分, 如Life is short中的is short）. Cf 参看 subject1 4.

predicative
[pri5dikEtiv; - 'predikeitiv; 5predi7ketiv] adj (grammar) (of an adjective or a noun) coming after a verb such as be, become, get, seem, look （指形容词或名词）用作表语的（即用在诸如be、 become、 get、 seem、 look等动词後面的）. Cf 参看 attributive. > predicatively adv. 复合： predicative `adjective adjective used only after be, etc, eg `asleep' as in `She is asleep' 表语形容词（即只能用在be等之後的形容词, 如She is asleep中的asleep）.

predict
[pri5dikt; pri5dikt] v [Tn, Tf, Tw] say in advance that (sth) will happen; forecast 预言（某事物）将发生; 预报; 预告: * The earthquake had been predicted several months before. 这次地震早在几个月以前就发布了预报. * She predicted that the improvement would continue. 她预测情况将继续好转. * It is impossible to predict who will win. 要预测出谁将获胜是不可能的. 派生： predictable[-Ebl; -Ebl] adj (a) that can be predicted可预言的; 可预报的: * predictable behaviour, results, weather 可预料的行为、 结果、 天气. (b) (often derog 常作贬义) (of a person) behaving in a way that can be predicted （指人）举动可以料到的: * I knew you'd say that you're so predictable! 我早就知道你会这样说--果不其然! * Opposition to the proposal came from predictablequarters. 对这项提案的反对意见来自那些早经料到会持反对态度的人. predictability/pri7diktE'bilEti; pri7diktE'bilEti] n [U]. predictably adv. prediction/pri5dikFn; pri5dikFEn] n 1 [U] (action of) predicting 预言; 预报; 预告. 2 [C] forecast or prophesy 预言; 预报; 预告: * Do you take seriously his prediction of a government defeat? 他预料政府要受挫, 你认为这话靠得住吗? predictor n person, instrument, etc that predicts 进行预测或预报的人、 仪器等; 预言者; 预测器.

predigest
[7pri:dai'dVest; 7pridai'dVest] v [Tn esp passive尤用於被动语态] treat (food) so that it is easy to digest 预先处理（食物）（以易於消化）: * special predigested food for babies 经特殊处理而易於消化的幼儿食品 * (fig 比喻) predigested reading matter 经过简写的阅读材料.

predilection
[7pri:di'lekFn; - 7predl'ek-; 7predl'ekFEn] n (fml 文) ~ (for sth) special liking (for sth); preference（对某事物的）特殊爱好, 偏爱: * a predilection for Japanesefood 对日本食物的偏爱.

predispose
[7pri:di'spEuz; 7pridis'poz] v (fml 文) 1 [Tn.pr esp passive 尤用於被动语态, Tnt] ~ sb to/towards sth influence sb (in a specified way) in advance 事先（在某方面）影响某人: * His early training predisposed him to a life of adventure. 他早年所受的教养使他热衷於冒险活动. * be predisposed in sb's favour, ie be inclined to favour him 偏向某人（因事先受到影响）. 2 [Tn.pr esp passive 尤用於被动语态] ~ sb to sth cause sb to be liable to sth 使某人倾向於某事物; 使某人易患某病: * The inhabitants are predisposed to rheumatism by the damp climate. 因气候潮湿, 居民易患风湿症.

predisposition
[7pri:dispE'ziFn; 7pridispE'ziFEn] n [U, C] ~ (to/towards sth); ~ (to do sth) state of mind or body that makes sb liable to act in a certain way or to suffer from a certain disease 性向; 癖性; 易患某病之身心素质: * a predisposition towards melancholia 易患忧郁症的精神倾向 * a predisposition to rheumatism 易患风湿症的体质 * a predisposition to criticize others 喜欢挑人毛病的癖性.

predominant
[pri5dCminEnt; pri5damEnEnt] adj 1 having more power or influence than others 有势力的; 占优势的: * Which country is the predominant member of the alliance? 哪个国家在联盟中居於支配地位? * The Socialists were predominant in the last Parliament. 在上届国会中社会党人占优势. 2 most noticeable; prevailing 极其显着的; 盛行的: * Her predominant characteristic is honesty. 她最为突出的特点是诚实. 派生： predominance[-Ens; -Ens] n 1 [U, sing] ~ (of sth) state of being greater in strength, numbers, etc （力量、 数量等的）优势: * the predominance of blue in the colour scheme 在色彩设计中以蓝色为主 * There is a predominance of men in the club. 该俱乐部男人居多. 2 [U] ~ (over sb/sth) state of being more powerful or influential (than sb/sth) 主导或支配（他人[他事物]）的地位: * The policy is designed to prevent the predominance of one group over another. 该政策旨在防止一些人压制另一些人. predominantly adv for the most part; mainly 大多; 主要地: * a predominantly English-speaking population 以操英语者为主的居民.

predominate
[pri5dCmineit; pri5damE7net] v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (over sb/sth) have control, power or influence(over sb/sth) 支配, 统治, 左右（某人[某事物]）: * A smallgroup has begun to predominate in policy-making. 一小撮人在制定政策中已开始起主导作用. 2 [I] be superior in numbers, strength, etc （在数量、 力量等上）占优势: * a colour scheme in which red predominates 以红色为主的色彩设计 * Oak-trees predominate in this forest. 这片森林以橡树居多.

preen
[pri:n; prin] v [Tn] 1 (of a bird) clean or smooth (its feathers or itself) with its beak （指鸟）用喙整理（羽毛）. 2 ~ oneself (often derog 常作贬义) (a) (of a person) make oneself look tidy by combing one's hair, etc （指人）（以梳头等动作）打扮自己: * preen oneself in front of the mirror 对着镜子梳妆打扮. (b) congratulate oneself; be pleased with oneself 自我欣赏; 沾沾自喜.

prefab
[5pri:fAb; - 7pri:'fAb; 7pri5fAb] n (infml 口) prefabricated house 预制房屋.

prefabricate
[7pri:'fAbrikeit; pri5fAbrE7ket] v [Tn] manufacture (a building, ship, etc) in sections that can be assembled later on a building site, in a shipyard, etc （以预制构件）组装（建 物、 船舶等）: * prefabricated kitchens, houses, schools, etc 由预制构件组装的厨房、房屋、 校舍等. > prefabrication[7pri:fAbri5keiFn;7pri7fAbri5keFEn] n [U].

preface
[5prefis; 5prefis] n 1 introductory statement atthe beginning of a book, esp one that explains the author'saims 序言; 前言. Cf 参看 foreword, introduction 2. 2 preliminary part of a speech 开场白; 引语. 派生： preface v [Tn.pr] 1 ~ sth with sth provide sth with a preface(1) 给某书作序: He prefaced the diaries with a short account of how they were discovered. 他给这本日记写了序言, 简述日记发现的经过. 2 ~ sth with sth/by doing sth begin or introduce (a speech, etc) 开始（讲话等）; 作（讲话等的）开场白: She prefaced her talk with an apology/by apologizing for being late. 她先为迟到表示歉意, 然後开始讲话. prefatory[5prefEtri; - -tC:ri; 5prefE7tCri] adj acting as a preface; introductory 作为开场白的; 作为开端的: * after a few prefatory remarks, comments, etc 在几句开场白之後.

prefect
[5pri:fekt; 5prifekt] n 1 (esp Brit) any of a group of older pupils in a school who have authority over younger pupils and certain responsibilities for discipline, etc 学生长（中学的校级负有管理或维持纪律等责任的年长的学生）. 2 (also Prefect) (a) (title of the) chief administrative officer of an area in certain countries, eg France and Japan 某些国家中的地区最高行政长官（如法国的省长和日本的县长）或其官衔. (b) head of the Paris police 巴黎警察局的局长. 派生： prefecture[5pri:fektjuE(r); - -tFEr; 5prifektFl] n 1 area administrated by a prefect (2) in certain countries, eg France and Japan 某些国家中最高地方官管辖的行政区（如法国的省和日本的县）. 2 (in France) prefect's official place of work or residence （法国的）省长或巴黎 警察局长的官署或官邸. 3 position or period of office of a prefect 法国的省长、 日本的县长等地区最高行政长官或巴黎警察局长的职位或任期. prefectural/ pri:5fektFErEl; prI`fZktFErEl/ adj of a prefect(2) 最高地方官的; 巴黎警察局长的: * the prefectural offices 省长等最高地方官的官府.

prefer
[pri5fE:(r); pri5fE] v (-rr-) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tf, Tt, Tnt, Tg, Cn.a] ~ sth (to sth) choose sth rather than sth else; like sth better 选择某事物（而不选择他事物）; 更喜欢某事物: * There's coffee or tea. Which would you prefer? 有咖啡或茶. 你喜欢哪样? * I prefer walking to cycling. 我愿意步行, 不愿意骑自行车. * (fml 文) I should prefer that/prefer it if you did not go there alone. 我倒希望你不要一个人去那里. * She prefers to be alone. 她宁愿独自一人. * Their father prefers them to be homeearly. 他们的父亲希望他们早点儿回家. * I prefer walkingalone. 我比较喜欢一个人溜达. * I prefer my coffee black. 我爱喝不加奶的咖啡. 2 (idm 习语) prefer a `charge/`charges (against sb) (law 律) make an accusation (against sb) for consideration in a lawcourt （对某人）提出控告: * prefer a charge against a motorist 对一个驾驶机动车的人提出控告 * We haven't enough evidence to prefer charges. 我们没有进行起诉的充分证据. 派生： preferable[5prefrEbl; 5prefrEbl] adj (not used with more 不可与more连用) ~ (to sth/doing sth) to be preferred (to sth); more desirable or suitable （对某事物来说）更可取的, 更称心的, 更适宜的: * Cold food would be preferable in this heat. 在这样的热天吃冷食更好. * He finds country life preferable to living in the city. 他感到在乡村生活比在城市生活要好些. * Anything was preferable to that dreadful din in the house. 这屋子里乱七八糟的声音叫人难受得无以复加. preferably/ 5prefrEblI; `prZfrEblI/ adv rather than anything, anywhere,etc else （较之其他任何事物、 处所等）更可取: * She wanteda cake, preferably one with chocolate icing. 她想吃蛋糕, 最好是有巧克力糖衣的. * They want to buy a new house, near the sea preferably. 他们要购买一所新房子, 最好在海边.

preference
[5prefrEns; 5prefrEns] n 1 (a) [U, sing] ~ (for sth) liking for sth (more than sth else) （与他物相较之）喜爱; 偏爱: * There is milk and cream do you have a preference? 有牛奶也有奶油--你喜欢哪样? * It's entirely a matter of preference. 这完全是个见仁见智的问题. * She has a preference for blue. 她特别喜欢蓝色. (b) [C] thing that is liked better or best 偏爱的事物; 特别爱好的事物: * What are your preferences? 你最喜欢什麽? 2 [U] ~ (to/towards sb) favour shown to one person, group, etc rather than another 优待; 优惠; 优先权: * Employees who have worked here for many years will be given preference over newcomers. 与新来乍到者不同, 对那些工作多年的雇员将予以优待. * She tried not to show preference in her treatment of the children in her care. 她对待她所照顾的孩子尽可能不厚此薄彼. 3 (idm 习语) in preference to sb/sth rather than sb/sth 而不取某人[某事物]: * She chose to learn the violin in preference to the piano. 她愿学小提琴而不学钢琴. 复合： `preference shares, `preference stock (US `preferred shares/stock) (finance 财) shares/stockon which a firm must pay the dividend before distributing profits to holders of ordinary shares 优先股（可比普通股之持有者优先分得股息）.

preferential
[7prefE'renFl; 7prefE'renFEl] adj 1 of, giving, receiving or showing preference(2) 优先的; 给予优先的; 得到优先的; 优待的: * preferential import duties, tariffs, etc, ie favouring a particular group, country, etc 特惠关税（优待某团体、 国家等）. 2 (idm 习语) give sb/get preferential `treatment treat sb/be treated more favourably than sb else 偏向某人[得到优待]: * Nobody gets preferential treatment in this office! 本办事处无论对谁均一视同仁! > preferentially[-FEli; -FEli] adv: * be treated preferentially 得到优先.

preferment
[pri5fE:mEnt; pri5fEmEnt] n [C, U] (fml 文) promotion to a higher position or rank 晋升: * His preferment pleased his many admirers. 他获晋升, 喜欢他的许多人都感到高兴. * He was hoping for preferment. 他希望获得提升.

prefigure
[7pri:'figE(r); - -gjEr; pri5figjl] v (fml 文) 1 [Tn] represent beforehand (sth that will happen in the future); foreshadow 预示（某事物将发生）; 预兆: * worrying events that may prefigure a period of economic recession 可能显示要出现一段经济衰退时期的令人担心的情况. 2 [Tn, Tf, Tw] picture (sth) to oneself beforehand; imagine 设想（某事物）; 想像.

prefix
[5pri:fiks; 5pri7fiks] n 1 (abbreviated as pref in this dictionary 本词典中略为pref) word or syllable (eg co-, ex-, non-, pre-, re-) placed in front of a word to add to or change the meaning of that word, eg un- in unhappy 前缀（置於单词之前, 以增加或改变其意义的词或音节, 如co-、 ex-、 non-、 pre-、 re-, 又如unhappy中的un-）. 2 word (eg Dr, Mrs, etc) placed before a person's name as a title （人名前的）称谓（如Dr、 Mrs等）. Cf 参看 suffix. 派生： prefix[7pri:'fiks; pri5fiks] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sth) 1 add sth at the beginning or as an introduction 将某事物加在前面: * The official prefixed an explanatory note to the list of statistics. 那官员在统计表前加了一段说明文字. 2 add sth as a prefix (to a word, name, etc) （在单词上）加前缀; （在人名前）加称谓.

pregnant
[5pregnEnt; 5pregnEnt] adj 1 (of a woman or female animal) having a baby or young animal developing in the womb （指妇女或雌性动物）怀孕的, 妊娠的: * She was six months pregnant, ie had been pregnant for six months. 她那时已怀有六个月的身孕. * She is/got pregnant by another man. 是另一个男子使她怀孕的. 2 ~ with sth (a) full of sth 充满着某事物的; 富於某事物的: * pregnant with joy, meaning, possibilities 洋溢着喜悦之情的、 富有意义的、 具有各种可能性的. (b) likely to cause sth 可能产生某事物的: * pregnant with consequences, danger 可能产生重大影响的、 造成危险的. 3 (idm 习语) a pregnant `pause/`silence pause/silence full of unexpressed meaning or significance 耐人寻味的或意味深长的停顿[沉默]: * There was a pregnant pause before she answered my question. 她耐人寻味地停顿了一下才回答我的问题. * His only reaction was a pregnant silence. 他唯一的反应是一阵意味深长的沉默. 派生： pregnancy[-nEnsi; -nEnsi] n (a) [U] state or period of being pregnant(1) 怀孕; 孕期; 妊娠期: * discomfort caused by pregnancy 因怀孕而引起的不适 * These drugs should not be taken during pregnancy. 这些药物在孕期内不得服用. * [attrib 作定语] a pregnancy test 妊娠试验. (b) [C] instance of being pregnant(1) 怀孕: * She's had three pregnancies in four years. 她在四年中怀孕叁次.

prehensile
[7pri:'hensail; - -sl; pri5hensl] adj (of an animal's foot or tail) able to grasp and hold things （指动物的足或尾）能抓物的, 能缠绕东西的: * the monkey's prehensile tail 猴子那能缠住东西的尾巴 * the prehensile claws of an eagle 老鹰那能抓住东西的爪.

prehistoric
[7pri:hi'stCrik; - -tC:rik; 7prihis'tCrik] adj of or concerning the time before recorded history 史前的: * prehistoric man, monuments, cave paintings 史前的人类、 遗迹、 洞穴壁画 * (joc or derog 谑或贬) His ideas on the education of girls are positively prehistoric, ie extremely old-fashioned. 他在女子教育问题上所持的观点是老掉牙的.

prehistory
[7pri:'histri; pri5histri] n 1 [U] (study of the) period before recorded history 史前; 史前学: * European, Mexican, Aboriginal prehistory 欧洲、 墨西哥、 澳洲土着居民的史前史. 2 [sing] earliest stages ofthe development of sth 某事物的最早发展阶段: * the prehistory of Western art 西方艺术的肇端.

prejudge
[7pri:'dVQdV; pri5dVQdV] v [Tn] 1 make a judgement about (a person or case) before a proper inquiry has been held 对（人或事）未经详察而预作判断: * prejudge a matter, issue, client 未充分了解情况而判断某事、 问题、 当事人. 2 form an opinion about (sb/sth) without having the necessary information （在缺乏了解的情况下）形成对（某人[某事物]）的看法: * He felt he had been prejudged by his colleagues. 他觉得同事们对他怀有成见. > prejudgement n [U, C].

prejudice
[5predVudis; 5predVEdis] n 1 (a) [U] opinion, or like or dislike of sb/sth, that is not founded on experience or reason 偏见; 成见: * colour/racial prejudice, ie prejudice felt or shown against members of other races 种族偏见 * Her friendliness soon overcame the prejudice of her stepchildren. 她很热情, 因而丈夫前妻的孩子很快就消除了对她的偏见. * The selectors were accused of showing prejudice in failing to include him in the team. 有人指责遴选者怀有成见才未吸收他加入该队. (b) [C] ~ (against/in favour of sb/sth) instance of this 偏见; 成见: * In order to succeed here you will need to overcome your prejudices. 你需要消除偏见, 才能在这里获得成功. * She has a prejudice against modern music. 她对现代音乐怀有偏见. * The anthology reveals a prejudice in favour of lyric poets. 这部选集显示出对抒情诗人有所偏爱. 2 (idm 习语) to the prejudice of sth (esp law 尤用於法律) with the result that sb's interests are harmed 损及某人的利益: * to theprejudice of sb's rights 有损於某人的权利 * The newspaper reported his remarks, to the prejudice of his chances of being elected. 该报报道了他说的话, 这可能对他参加竞选产生不利影响. without `prejudice (to sth) (law 律) without having an effect on an existing right or claim 无损於现有的权益: * The firm agreed to pay compensation without prejudice, ie without admitting liability. 公司在未承认负有责任的情况下同意付给赔偿金. * The offer was accepted without prejudice to the current pay negotiations. 该提议获得接纳, 但对目前正在进行的工资谈判并无影响. 派生： prejudice v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (against/in favour of sb/sth) cause sb to have a prejudice; influence sb 使某人抱偏见; 影响某人: The judge told the jury that they must not allow their feelings to prejudice them. 法官对陪审团说他们不应该感情用事. * Newspaper gossip had prejudiced her against him. 报上那些不叁不四的文章使她对他抱有偏见.

prejudice1
* Her charm prejudiced the judges in her favour. 她姿色迷人, 因而评委都偏向她. 2 [Tn] cause harm to (a case, claim, etc); weaken 使（事情、 权益等）受到损害; 削弱: He prejudiced his claim by demanding too much compensation. 他索赔过高反而使他的要求无法实现. * Lack of self-discipline prejudiced her chances of success. 她缺乏自制力对她获得成功有所影响. prejudiced adj (usu derog 通常作贬义) having or showing prejudice 有偏见的; 有成见的; 偏颇的; 偏心的: Try not to be prejudiced in your judgements. 你作判断时要尽量做到不存偏见. * She regarded her critics as ignorant and prejudiced. 她认为那些批评她的人既无知又存有偏见. * Since I am his mother, my opinion of him is naturally a prejudiced one. 因为我是他的母亲, 对他的看法自然是带有偏向的. prejudicial[7predVu'diFl; 7predVE'diFEl] adj ~ (to sth) (fml 文) causing harm (to a person's rights, interests,etc) （对某人的权利、 利益等）造成损害的: * developmentsprejudicial to the company's future 对公司的未来有不利影响的一些新情况.

prelacy
[5prelEsi; 5prelEsi] n 1 [C] office, rank or see of a prelate 高级教士的职务、 级别或地位. 2 the prelacy [Gp] the whole body of prelates 主教或高级教士（总称）; 主教或高级教士团.

prelate
[5prelEt; 5prelEt] n high-ranking clergyman, eg a bishop or an archbishop 高级教士（如主教或大主教）.

prelim
[ 5pri:lIm; `pri9lIm/ n (infml 口) 1 [C usu pl ] preliminary examination 初试; 预考. 2 prelims [pl] pages of a book (with the title, contents, etc) that come before the text 正文前的书页（包括书名、 目录等）.

preliminary
[pri5liminEri; - -neri; pri5limE7neri] adj ~ (to sth) coming before a more important action or event; preparatory （作为某一重要行动或事情的）开端的; 预备性的: * after a few preliminary remarks 在几句开场白之後 * preliminary inquiries, experiments, negotiations初步的调查、 实验、 谈判 * (sport 体) a preliminary contest, heat, round, etc, ie held before a main contest in order to eliminate weaker players or teams 预赛、 初赛、 选拔赛 * All this is preliminary to the main election struggle. 这一切都只是进行大选较量的预选活动. 派生： preliminary n (usu pl 通常作复数) preliminary action, event, measure, etc 初步的行动、 事件、 措施等: the necessary preliminaries to a peace conference, eg the discussions about agenda and procedures 为召开和平会议而举行的必要的筹备会.

prelude
[5prelju:d; 5preljud] n 1 ~ (to sth) (a) action or event that happens before another larger or more important one and forms an introduction to it （行动或事件的）序幕, 前奏: * His frequent depressions were the prelude to a complete mental breakdown. 他经常抑郁寡欢, 後来精神完全崩溃了. * The bankruptcy of several small firms was the prelude to general economic collapse. 几家小商行倒闭了, 随之而来的是经济大萧条. * I'm afraid that these troubles are just a prelude, ie to worse ones. 我看这些为难事只是个引子（大问题在後面）. (b) introductory part of a poem, etc （诗等的）序: * The lines form a prelude to his long narrative poem. 这几行诗是他那长篇叙事诗的序诗. 2 (music 音) (a) introductory movement coming before a fugue or forming the first part of a suite 前奏曲. (b) short piece of music of a similar type 类似上述乐曲之小段.

premarital
[7pri:'mAritl; pri5mArEtl] adj happening before marriage 婚前的: * premarital sex, affairs, etc 婚前的性行为、 风流韵事等.

premature
[5premEtjuE(r); - 7pri:mE'tuEr; 7primE'tur] adj 1 (a) happening before the proper or expected time 提前的; 过早的; 未到期的: * premature baldness, senility 早秃、 早衰 * A fire in the gallery caused the premature closing of the exhibition. 在美术陈列室里发生的火灾迫使展览会提前结束. (b) (of a baby, its birth, etc) born or occurring at least three weeks before the expected time （指婴儿、 其出生等）早产的（比预产期至少提前叁周）: * the special care of premature babies 对早产婴儿的特别护理 * The baby was five weeks premature. 这个婴儿是提早五周生下来的. 2 ~ (in doing sth) (derog 贬) acting or done too soon; hasty 赶做的; 仓促的: * a premature conclusion, decision, judgement, etc 草率作出的结论、 决定、 判决等 * Let's not be premature in closing this case, eg in a police investigation. 咱们先别急於结案（如刑事调查）. > prematurely adv: * born prematurely 早产的 * prematurely bald, grey, wrinkled, etc 早秃的、 早白的、 过早起皱纹的.

premeditate
[7pri:'mediteit; pri5medE7tet] v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] plan (sth) in advance 预先计画（某事物）; 预谋: * a premeditated attack, murder, insult, etc 有预谋的攻击、 凶杀、 冒犯行为等 * We needed to know whether the crime had been premeditated. 我们需要知道的是这一犯罪行为是否经过事先策画. >premeditation[7pri:medi'teiFn; 7primedE'teFEn] n [U].

premenstrual tension
[7pri:7menstruEl 'tenFn; pri5menstruEl 'tenFEn] (abbr 缩写 PMT) mental and physiologicalupset caused by hormonal changes occurring before menstruation 月经之前的紧张.

premier
[5premiE(r); - 'pri:miEr; 5primil] adj [attrib 作定语] first in importance, position, etc （重要性、 位置等方面）第一的, 首位的: * Britain's premier exporter of drilling equipment 英国全国最大钻机出口商 * The company has achieved a premier position in the electronics field. 该公司执电子行业之牛耳. 派生： premier n head of a government; prime minister 首相; （政府）总理. premiership [U] position or period of office of a premier 首相或总理的职位或任期: during her premiership 在她担任首相期间 * He was offered the premiership. 他被任命为总理.

premiere
[5premieE(r); - pri5miEr; pri5mir] n first public performance of (a production of) a play or showing of a film; first night （戏剧或电影的）首次公演, 首次公演之夜场. 派生： premiere v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] perform (a play) or show (a film) to the public for the first time 首次公演（戏剧或电影）: The film was premiered at the Cannes festival. 该影片是在戛纳电影节上首次放映的.

premise
(also premiss)[5premis; 5premis] n 1 statement or idea on which reasoning is based; hypothesis （推理所依据的）前提; 假定: * Advice to investors was based on the premise that interest rates would continue to fall. 给予投资者的建议是以利率将继续下降这一点为前提的. 2 (in logic) each of the first two parts (major premise and minor premise) of a forward argument （逻辑学中的）（大小）前提: * If the major premise is `Boys like fruit' and the minor premise is `You are a boy', then the conclusion is `Therefore you like fruit'. 设若大前提为‘男孩儿爱吃水果’, 小前提为‘你是男孩儿’, 则结论为‘所以你爱吃水果’. Cf 参看 syllogism.

premium
[5pri:miEm; 5primiEm] n 1 amount or instalment (to be) regularly paid for an insurance policy 保险费: * Your first premium is now due. 你的第一期保险费现已到期. 2 additional payment, eg one added to wages or interest payments; bonus 额外费用; 津贴; 奖金; 花红: * A premium of 2 per cent is paid on long-term investments. 对投资期限较长者可获百分之二的奖励. * You have to pay a premium for express delivery. 你得支付特快投递的补加费用. * [attrib 作定语] Premium rents are charged in the city centre. 市中心要收取额外的租金. 3 (idm 习语) at a `premium (a) (finance 财) (of stocks and shares) above the normal or usual value （指公债和股票）超过正常或市面的价值; 溢价: * Shares are selling at a premium. 股票溢价出售. (b) rare or difficult to obtain, and therefore more expensive or more highly valued than usual 因稀少或难得而较之一般昂贵或宝贵: * Space is at a premium in this building. 在这个建 物里场地面积十分昂贵. * Honesty is at a premium in this profession, I'm afraid! 依我看, 干这一行诚实的人实在难得! put a premium on sb/sth (a) make (sb/sth) seem important 使（某人[某事物]）受到重视: * The high risk of infection puts a premium on the use of sterile needles. 由於受感染的风险很大, 无菌注射针的使用受到了重视. (b) attach special value or importance to sb/sth 高度评价某人[某事物]: * The examiners put a premium on rational argument. 评委们对以理服人的论据给以高度评价. 复合： `Premium Bond (Brit) government savings bond that pays no interest1(7) but offers instead the chance of winning money as a prize in a monthly draw1(1b) 有奖储蓄公债（以每月进行抽奖代替付息）.

premonition
[7pri:mE'niFn, 7prem-; 7primE'niFEn, 7prem-] n ~ (of sth/that...) feeling that sth unpleasant is going to happen （不祥的）预感: * a premonition of disaster 大祸临头的预感 * My premonition was right. 我的预感应验了. * As we approached the house, I had a premonition that something terrible had happened. 我们走近这所房子时, 我预感到出事了. 派生： premonitory/pri5mCnitEri; - -tC:ri; pri5manE7tCri] adj (fml 文) giving a warning 给予警告的: * premonitory signs 警告的信号.

preoccupation
[7pri:Ckju'peiFn; pri7akjE'peFEn] n 1 [U] (a) state of being preoccupied; absent-mindedness 占据思想; 心不在焉. (b) ~ (with sth) state of constantly thinking or worrying about sth; obsession 全神贯注; 苦思苦想; 缠在心头; 如痴如迷: * She found his preoccupation with money irritating. 她发觉他心里只有钱, 感到很生气. 2 [C] thing that a person thinks about all the time 心里总想着的事物; 耿耿於怀的事物: * His main preoccupation at that time was getting enough to eat. 他那时盘算的是如何填饱肚子. * A pension is not usually one of the preoccupations of an eighteen year-old! 一个十八岁的人通常是不会老惦着养老金的!

preoccupy
[pri:'Ckjupai; pri5akjE7pai] v (pt, pp -pied) [Tn] engage (sb or his mind, thoughts, etc) so that he cannot think of other things; obsess 占据（某人）思想; 使（某人）心无二用; 迷住: * Something seems to be preoccupying her at the moment. 她此刻若有所思. * Health worries preoccupied him for the whole holiday. 整个假期里他一直为健康状况而担忧. 派生： preoccupied adj inattentive because one is thinking of or worrying about sth else 心不在焉的; 心事重重的: She seemed preoccupied all the time I was talking to her. 我跟她讲话时她始终显得心事重重. * He answered me in a rather preoccupied manner. 他心不在焉地回答我.

prep
[prep; prep] n (infml 口) 1 [C, U] (Brit) (esp in private boarding schools 尤用於私立寄宿学校) (a) school work (to be) done after lessons; homework 课外作业; 家庭作业. (b) time when this is (to be) done 做课外作业的时间: * He felt ill during prep. 他在做课外作业时觉得身体不舒服. 2 (US) student in a preparatory school 预科学校的学生. 复合： `prep school = preparatory school (preparatory).

preparation
[7prepE'reiFn; 7prepE'reFEn] n 1 [U] preparing or being prepared 预备; 准备: * You can't pass an exam without preparation. 不准备就考不及格. * The preparation of the meals is your job. 做饭是你分内之事. * [attrib 作定语] Food preparation areas must be kept clean. 制作食物的场所应保持清洁. 2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] ~ (for sth/to do sth) thing done to prepare for sth 准备工作; 准备措施: * The country is making preparations for war/to go to war. 该国正进行备战[准备打仗]. * Was your education a good preparation for your career? 你所受的教育是否为你的事业打下了良好的基础? 3 [C] substance that has been specially prepared for use as a cosmetic, medicine, etc 适合於某一用途如化妆、 医药等的）配制品: * a pharmaceutical preparation 药剂 * a preparation for hiding/to hide skin blemishes 肤斑遮盖霜. 4 [C, U] (Brit) = prep 1. 5 (idm 习语) in preparation (for sth) being prepared (for sth) （为某事物）作好准备: * The advertising campaign is still in preparation. 广告宣传攻势仍在准备中. * They've sold their house and car in preparation for leaving the country. 他们卖掉了房子和汽车准备出国.

preparatory
[pri5pArEtri; - -tC:ri; pri5pArE7tCri] adj preparing for sth; introductory 准备的; 预备的; 筹备的: * preparatory investigations, measures, training 为准备做某事而进行的调查、 而采取的措施、 而进行的训练. 复合： pre`paratory school (also infml 口语作 `prepschool) 1 (Brit) private school for pupils aged between7 and 13 whose parents pay fees for their education 私立小学. Cf 参看 public school (public). 2 (US) (usu private) school that prepares students for college （通常为私立的）大学预科学校.

prepare
[pri5peE(r); pri5per] v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.t] ~ (sb/sth) (for sb/sth) get or make (sb/sth) ready 使（某人）有准备; 把（某事物）准备好; 预备: * I had no time in which to prepare. 我已来不及做准备了. * prepare for trouble 准备应付麻烦事 * prepare a meal, ie get food ready to be eaten 预备饭菜 * have everything prepared beforehand 事先把一切都准备好 * prepare children for an examination 指导儿童准备考试 * The troops were being prepared for battle/to go into battle. 部队已作好战斗准备[已准备好投入战斗]. 2 (idm 习语) be prepared for sth be ready for sth (esp sth unpleasant) 对某事物（尤指令人不愉快者）作好准备: * I knew there were problems, but I was not prepared for this! 我知道有些问题, 却未料到这一点! * She was prepared for anything to happen. 她已准备好应付一切. be prepared to do sth be able and willing to do sth 能够 并愿意做某事: * I am prepared to lend you the money if you promise to pay it back. 我愿意把钱借给你, 你得答应还给我. * I am not prepared to stay and listen to these outrageous insults. 我可不愿意在这儿受这种奇耻大辱. prepare the ground (for sth) make it possible or easier to develop sth 为发展某事物准备了条件: * Early experiments with military rockets prepared the ground for space travel. 早期进行的军用火箭试验为宇航事业的发展打下了基础. 3 (phr v) prepare sb for sth cause sb to expect sth (esp sth unpleasant) 使某人对某事物（尤指令人不愉快者）有所准备: * Prepare yourself for a nasty shock! 有件令人十分震惊的事, 你要有所准备! 派生： preparedness/pri5peEridnis; pri5peridnis] n [U] being prepared 有所准备: * a state of preparedness 有准备的状态.

prepay
[7pri:'pei; pri5pe] v (pt, pp prepaid[-'peid;-'ped] ) [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] pay (sth) in advance 预先支付（某费用）; 预付: * a prepaid envelope, ie one on which the postage has already been paid 邮资已付的信封 * The telegram was sent reply prepaid. 电报已发出并已预付覆电费用. > prepayment n [C, U].

preponderant
[pri5pCndErEnt; pri5pandErEnt] adj (fml 文) greater in influence, importance, quantity, etc （影响力、 重要性、 数量等方面）处於上风的, 占优势的: * Melancholy is the preponderant mood of the poem.忧郁的感情是该诗的基调. > preponderance[-Ens; -Ens/ n [sing]: * a preponderance of blue-eyed people in the population 蓝眼睛的人占居民的大多数. preponderantly adv: * preponderantly optimistic 乐观主义占了上风的.

preponderate
[pri5pCndEreit; pri5pandE7ret] v [I, Ipr] ~ (over sth) (fml 文) be greater in influence, importance, quantity, etc (than sth else) （在影响力、 重要性、 数量等方面较其他事物）处於上风, 占优势: * Christians preponderate in the population of that part of the country. 基督教徒在该国那一地区的人口中居多.

preposition
[7prepE'ziFn; 7prepE'ziFEn] n (grammar) (abbreviated as prep in this dictionary 本词典中略作prep) word or group of words (eg in, from, to, out of, on behalf of) used esp before a noun or pronoun to show place, position, time, method, etc 介词（包括复合介词, 尤用於名词或代词前, 表示处所、 位置、 时间、 方法等, 如in、 from、 to、 out of、 on behalf of）. 派生： prepositional[-FEnl; -FEnl] adj of or containing a preposition 介词的; 含介词的. 复合： ,prepositional `phrase preposition and the noun or noun phrase that follows it, eg in the night, after breakfast 介词词组（介词连同其後的名词或名词词组, 如in the night、 after breakfast）.

prepossessing
[7pri:pE'zesiN; 7pripE'zesiN] adj makinga good impression; attractive 给人良好印象的; 有吸引力的: * a prepossessing smile, manner, child 讨人喜欢的微笑、 举止、 孩子 * He/His appearance is not at all prepossessing. 他[他的外表]毫无吸引力.

preposterous
[pri5pCstErEs; pri5pastErEs] adj completely contrary to reason or common sense; absurd or outrageous 完全违背理性或常识的; 荒谬的; 反常的; 愚蠢的; 无法容忍的: * That is a preposterous accusation! 那样的指责简直荒谬可笑! * They are asking a preposterous price for the work. 他们为该作品漫天要价. > preposterously adv: * That is a preposterously high price! 那价格高得出奇!

prepuce
[5pri:pju:s; 5pripjus] n (anatomy 解) 1 foreskin （阴茎的）包皮. =>illus at male 见male插图. 2 similar fold of skin at the tip of the clitoris （阴蒂的）包皮.

prerequisite
[7pri:'rekwizit; pri5rekwEzit] adj ~ (for/to sth) (infml 口) required as a condition (for sth) 必备的; 作为先决条件的: * A degree is prerequisite for employment at this level. 必须具备大专院校的学位才能从事这一级的工作. * A sense of humour is prerequisite to understanding her work. 要理解她的作品就必须具有幽默感. 派生： prerequisite (also pre-condition) n ~ (for/of sth) thing required as a condition for sth to happen or exist 必备条件; 先决条件; 前提: Careful study of the market is a prerequisite for success. 仔细研究市场情况是取得成功的先决条件. * Good muscles are one of the prerequisites of physical fitness. 肌肉发达是身体健康的一个必备条件.

prerogative
[pri5rCgEtiv; pri5ragEtiv] n right or privilege, esp one belonging to a particular person or group 权利; （尤指）特权: * It is the Prime Minister's prerogative to decide when to call an election. 决定大选的日期是首相的职权. * A monarch has the prerogative of pardoning criminals. 君主享有对罪犯的赦免权. * the,royal prerogative, ie (in Britain), the (theoretical) right of the sovereign to act without the approval of Parliament 皇家的特权（在英国, 指国君名义上享有的不经议会认可而采取行动的权利）.

presage
[5presidV; 5presidV] n (fml 文) (a) sign that sth (esp sth unpleasant) will happen; omen 预兆; 兆头; （尤指）恶兆, 凶兆. (b) feeling that sth unpleasant will happen; presentiment （不祥的）预感; 预知. 派生： presage[5presidV, rarely 罕读作 pri5seidV; pri5sedV] v [Tn] be a sign of (sth that will happen); foretell 预示; 预言: * Those clouds presage a storm. 那样的密云预示着暴风雨将要来临.

Presbyterian
[7prezbi'tiEriEn; 7prezbE'tiriEn] adj (of a Church, esp of the national Church of Scotland) governed by elders (`presbyters) who are all equal in rank （指基督教教会, 尤指苏格兰国立教会）长老制的. Cf 参看 episcopal. 派生： Presbyterian n person who is a member of the Presbyterian Church 长老会教友. Presbyterianism[-izEm; -7izEm] n [U] 1 beliefs of Presbyterians 长老会教义. 2 Presbyterian system of church government 长老制.

presbytery
[5prezbitri; - -teri; 5prezbE7teri] n 1 (regional) administrative court of the Presbyterian Church （基督教长老会的）教务评议会; 长老区会. 2 house where a Roman Catholic parish priest lives 天主教堂区神甫的居所. 3 (in a church) eastern part of the chancel beyond the choir; sanctuary （教堂内的）司祭席, 内殿.

prescient
[5presiEnt; 5presiEnt] adj (fml 文) knowing about things before they take place; able to see into the future 有先见之明的; 能预知未来的. > prescience[-Ens; -Ens/ n [U].

prescribe
[pri5skraib; pri5skraib] v (fml 文) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (for sth) advise or order the use of (esp a medicine, remedy, etc) 建议或吩咐采用（尤指药物、 疗法等）; 开（药方）: * She prescribed some pills to help me to sleep. 她让我吃些药片以利睡眠. * Do not exceed the prescribed dose, ie quantity of medicine to be taken at one time. 勿超过规定剂量（药物的一次用量）. * Ask the doctor to prescribe something for that cough. 请医生开点咳嗽药. * (fig 比喻) The doctor prescribed a holiday as the best cure for his depression. 医生认为要治好他的抑郁症最好是去度假. * a prescribed text, ie one that has to be studied, eg for an examination 指定学习的课文（如为应试）. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tf, Tw] declare with authority that (sth) should be done or is a rule to be followed 规定做（某事）; 指定遵守（某事物）: * The law prescribes heavy penalties for this offence. 法律规定对这种不法行为从严惩处. * Police regulations prescribe that an officer's number must be clearly visible. 警员条例要求执行职务者的号码标志必须清楚易见. * Army regulations prescribe how rifles must be carried. 军规中对持枪方式有明文规定. =>Usage at decree 用法见decree.

prescript
[5pri:skript; 5priskript] n (fml 文) law, rule or command 法律; 规章; 命令.

prescription
[pri5skripFn; pri5skripFEn] n 1 [C] (a) doctor's written instruction for the composition and use of a medicine 处方; 药方: * The doctor gave me a prescription for pain-killers. 医生给我开了个止痛药方. * (fig 比喻) His prescription for economic recovery was not well received. 他为使经济复苏提出的对策反应不佳. (b) medicine prescribed in this way 处方上开的药: * The chemist made a mistake when making up the prescription. 药剂师配错了药. * [attrib 作定语] prescription charges, ie (in Britain) money to be paid by the patient for drugs supplied on the National Health Service 处方收费（在英国指病人为获得国民保健署所提供的药品而缴纳的费用）. 2 [U] action of prescribing 开处方: * The prescription of drugs is a doctor's responsibility. 开药方是医生的职责.

prescriptive
[pri5skriptiv; pri5skriptiv] adj (fml 文)1 (a) making rules or giving orders or directions 规定的; 指定的; 规范的: * prescriptive teaching methods 规定的教学法. (b) (grammar) telling people how they ought to use a language （在指导语言运用方面）规定性的, 规范性的: * a prescriptive grammar of the English language 英语规范语法. Cf 参看 descriptive 2. 2 made legal or acceptable by long-standing custom 因长期使用而合法或认可的; 约定俗成的: * prescriptive rights 因时效而获得的权利. > prescriptively adv.

presence
[5prezns; 5prezns] n 1 [U] being present in a place 出席; 在场; 存在: * The dogs were trained to detect the presence of explosives. 那些狗是训练来查寻爆炸物的. * Your presence is requested at the shareholders' meeting. 敬请您出席股东会议. * Her presence during the crisis had a calming effect. 在危难中有了她就稳定了人心. Cf 参看 absence. 2 [U, sing] (approv 褒) person's way of standing, moving, etc, esp as it affects other people 仪态; （尤指）风度: * a man of great presence 潇 的男子 * The power of his stage presence could never be forgotten. 他的舞台表演才能令人难忘. 3 [C] person or thing that is or seems to be present in a place （似乎）在场的人或事物: * There seemed to be a ghostly presence in the room. 屋里像是有个鬼似的. 4 [sing] number of eg soldiers or policemen in a place for a special purpose （执行某种使命的）一群在场人员（如军警等）: * a massive police presence at the meeting 大会期间在场的大批警察 * The United Nations maintains a military presence in the area. 联合国在该地区驻有军队. 5 (idm 习语)be admitted to sb's presence => admit. in the presence of sb/in sb's presence in the place where sb is; with sb there 当着某人; 有某人在场: * He made the accusation in the presence of witnesses. 他在有见证人在场的情况下提出了控告. * She asked them not to discuss the matter in her presence. 她请求他们不要当着她讨论这个问题. make one's `presence felt make others aware of one's presence or existence by the strength of one's personality, one's superior ability, etc 凭本身的实力、 长处等使别人注意自己: * The new chairman is certainly making his presence felt! 那位新任主席确是在突出自己! ,presence of `mind ability to remain calm and act quickly and sensibly in a crisis 危难中镇定自若; 遇事不慌: * The child showed great presence of mind by grabbing the falling baby. 那孩子毫不慌张一把抓住了摔下的婴儿.

present
1[5preznt; 5preznt] adj 1 [pred 作表语] ~ (at sth) (a) (of a person) being in the place in question （指人）出席, 在场: * Were you present when the news was announced? 宣布那消息时你在场吗? * The mistake was obvious to all (those) present. 所有（那些）在场者一眼就看出那个错误. * Everybody present welcomed the decision. 出席的人都欢迎那个决议. * There were 200 people present at the meeting. 有200人到会. (b) ~ (in sth) being in a place, substance, etc 存在的; 含有的: * He suspected that a leak was present somewhere along the pipe. 他猜疑管道里什麽地方漏了. * Analysis showed that cocaine was present in the mixture. 分析的结果表明混合物中含有可卡因. Cf 参看 absent1. 2 [attrib 作定语] existing or happening now 现存的; 现有的: * the present difficulties, problems, uncertainties, etc 目前存在的困难、 问题、 不稳定性等 * the present administration, government, council, etc 现在的行政当局、 政府、 政务委员会等 * the present climate of opinion 当前的舆论 * You can't use it in its present condition. 照它目前这种情形, 是无法使用的. 3 [attrib 作定语] now being considered, dealt with or discussed 正在考虑、 处理或讨论中的: * the present proposal for increasing taxation 正在讨论中的增税提案. 4 (idm 习语) present company ex`cepted/excepting present `company (used as a polite comment when making a critical remark 用作发表批评性言论时的礼貌用语) what I am saying does not apply to you 我不是指在座的诸位: * People seem to have drunk far too much tonight, present company excepted of course. 今晚大家似乎喝酒喝得太多了, 当然在座的各位除外. the ,present `day the present age; modern times 当今; 现今: * After being taken back 200 years, we were suddenly returned to the present day. 我们刚才还处在200年前的历史场景之中, 一下子又回到了现在.* [attrib 作定语] ,present-day `attitudes, con`ditions, `fashions 现时的态度、 条件、 流行款式. on `present form (of a judgement) based on sb/sth's previous and/or current actions, behaviour, progress, etc （指评价）基於某人[某事物]先前的和[或]现时的行动、 行为、 进步等的:

present1
* He would not be elected on present form. 鉴於他的现时表现, 他不可能当选. 派生： present n 1 the present [sing] (a) the time nowpassing; the present time 当前; 目前: the past, the presentand the future 过去、 现在和未来 * Historical romances offer an escape from the present. 沉浸於历史传奇故事藉以逃避现实. (b) (grammar) = present tense. 2 (idm 习语) at `present at this time; now 此刻; 现在: I'm afraid I can't help you just at present I'm too busy.很抱歉, 我现在帮不了你--实在太忙了. ,by these `presents (law 律) by this document 根据此文件. for the moment/present => moment. no time like the present => time1. 复合： ,present `participle (grammar) form of the verb that ends in -ing, eg going, having, swimming 现在分词（以-ing结尾的动词形式, 如going、 having、 swimming）.,present `tense (grammar) one of the verb tenses (eg present, present continuous, present perfect) that express an action or state in the present at the time of speaking 现在时态（动词时态之一, 表示说话此时的动作或状态, 如一般现在时态、 现在进行时态、 现在完成时态）: The verb is in the present tense. 这个动词使用的是现在时态. Cf 参看 past1 4.

presentable
[pri5zentEbl; pri5zentEbl] adj fit to appear or be shown in public 拿得出去的; 像样的; 体面的: * He's got dozens of suits but not one of them is presentable. 他有几十套衣服, 却没有一套像样的. * I must go and make myself presentable before the guests arrive. 趁客人没到, 我得去打扮得像点样子. * (approv 褒) She was seen at the opera with an extremely presentable escort. 她出现在歌剧院里, 有个十分体面的人陪伴着她. > presentably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv: * He was dressed quite presentably for a change. 他为了变化变化, 穿得相当体面.

presentation
[7prezn'teiFn; - 7pri:zen-; 7prizen'teFEn] n 1 [U] (a) presenting or being presented 赠送; 引见; 提出; 出席; 显示; 演出; 举枪致敬: * They are preparing for the presentation of a new musical. 他们正准备上演新的歌舞喜剧. * The cheque is payable on presentation, ie at the bank. 本支票见票即付. (b) way in which sth is presented 赠送、 引见、 提出、 出席、 显示、 演出等的方式: * The presentation of the material was untidy. 所提交的资料缺乏条理. * She needs to improve her presentation of the arguments. 她需要改进阐述其论点的方式. 2 [C] (a) thing presented 所赠送、 引见、 提出、 显示、 演出等的事物: * We went to the premiere of their new presentation. 我们去观看了他们的新剧目的首场演出. (b) gift, esp one given at a formal ceremony 赠品; 礼物; （尤指经仪式）授予之物: * We want to make her a presentation to celebrate her jubilee. 我们想送她一件礼物以庆贺她的纪念日. * The Queen will make the presentation (ie will hand over the gift) herself. 女王将亲自授予礼品. * [attrib 作定语] a presentation ceremony, ie one at which a presentation is made 赠礼仪式 * a presentation copy, ie a free book presented by the publisher or by the author （出版者或作者免费提供的）赠阅本. 3 [C, U] position of a baby in the mother's body just before birth 胎位.

presentiment
[pri5zentimEnt; pri5zentEmEnt] n (fml 文) vague feeling that sth (esp sth unpleasant) will happen; foreboding 预感（尤指不祥的）; 凶兆: * a presentiment of trouble ahead 要出乱子的预感.

presently
[5prezntli; 5prezntli] adv 1 after a short time; soon 不久; 立刻: * I'll be with you presently. 我马上就来. 2 (esp US) at the present time; now 现在; 目前: * The Secretary of State is presently considering the proposal. 国务卿目前正在考虑该项建议. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: When presently means `soon' it usually comes at the end of the sentence *presently作‘立即’解时通常位於句末: She'll be here presently. 她马上就来. When it means `after a short time' it sometimes comes at the beginning 作‘很短时间之後’解时有时位於句首: Presently I heard her leave the house. 不一会儿我就听到了她离开屋子的声音. Increasingly in British as well as US English it means `now' or `currently' and is placed with the verb 不仅在美式英语中, 而且在英式英语中也逐渐广泛用以指‘现在’或‘当前’, 位置紧靠动词: She's presently working on her PhD. 她目前在攻读哲学博士学位.

preservation
[7prezE'veiFn; 7prezl'veFEn] n [U] 1 action of preserving 保护; 维护; 保存; 保留; 保持: * the preservation and conservation of wildlife 对野生动物的保护 * the preservation of food, one's health, works of art 食物的保鲜、 健康的保持、 艺术作品的保存 * The aim of the policy is the preservation of peace. 这一政策旨在维护和平. * [attrib 作定语] a preser`vation order, ie (in Britain) one that makes it illegal to destroy a building, etc because of its historical value （英国的）文物保护法令. 2 degree to which sth has been unaffected by age, weather etc 保存完好之程度: * The paintings were in an excellent state of preservation. 这些画保存得非常好.

preservative
[pri5zE:vEtiv; pri5zEvEtiv] adj (used for) preserving （用来）保护的, 保存的: * He painted the posts with a preservative liquid. 他在柱子上涂上了起保护作用的液体. * Salt has a preservative effect on food. 盐对食物有防腐作用. 派生： preservative n [C, U] (type of) substance usedfor preserving 保护剂; 防腐剂: food free from preservatives不含防腐剂的食品 * Alcohol is used as a preservative in certain foods. 酒精用作某些食物的保护剂. * Preservative is usually added to tinned meat. 防腐剂通常加在肉类罐头里.

preserve
[pri5zE:v; pri5zEv] v 1 (a) [Tn] keep or maintain (sth) in an unchanged or perfect condition 保护, 维护（某事物）: * preserve one's eyesight 保护视力 * a very well-preserved man of eighty 一个保养得很好的八十老翁 * Wax polish preserves wood and leather. 上光蜡可以保护木料和皮革. * Efforts to preserve the peace have failed. 维护和平的努力已经失败了. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (for sth) keep sth safe or alive for the future 保存或保留某事物: * Few of the early manuscripts have been preserved. 早期的手稿保存下来的不多. * His work must be preserved for posterity. 他的作品当传诸後世. (c) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from sb/sth) keep sb safe from harm or danger 保护某人: * The calm courage of the pilot preserved the lives of the passengers. 飞行员临危不惧的勇气保住了乘客们的生命. * God preserve us! 上帝保佑我们吧! 2 [Tn] avoid losing (sth); retain 使（某事物）不受损失; 保持: * She managed despite everything to preserve her sense of humour. 她不管遇到什麽情况都竭力保持着幽默感. * It is difficult to preserve one's self-respect in that job. 做那样的工作很难保持自尊. 3 [Tn] keep (food) from decay (by bottling, drying, freezing, etc) （用装瓶装罐、 乾燥、 冷冻等法）保存（食物）: * Salt and spices help to preserve meat. 盐和调味品有助於保藏肉类. * In the summer, large crops of fruit may be preserved by freezing or bottling. 夏天收获的大量水果可冷藏或装瓶装罐加以保存. 4 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] keep (fishing, game, land, part of a river, etc) for private use 禁止外人（捕猎等）; 将（土地、 河流区段等）保留以供私用: * The fishing in this stretch of the river is strictly preserved. 此段河流严禁外人捕鱼. Cf 参看 conserve. 派生： preserve n 1 (a) [C usu pl 通常作复数] preserved fruit 经加工保存的水果: apricot preserves 杏脯. (b) [U] jam 果酱: strawberry preserve 草莓酱. Cf 参看 conserve n.

preserve1
2 [C] area where game or fish are preserved (preserve 4) for private hunting or fishing 专供私人行猎或捕鱼的保留区. 3 [sing] activities, interests, etc regarded as belonging to a particular person 被认为某人所专有的活动、 爱好等: She regards negotiating prices with customers as her special preserve. 她把与顾客讨价还价看作自己的专长. preserver n person or thing that preserves 保护者;维护者; 保藏食品者; 防护用品; 私人保留地: a `life-preserver 救生用品.

preside
[pri5zaid; pri5zaid] v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (at sth) be chairman (at a conference, meeting, etc) （在会上）担任主席; 主持（会议等）: * the presiding officer 主持会议的官员 * Whoever presides will need patience and tact. 无论谁作主席, 都需既要有耐性, 又要机敏老练. * The Prime Minister presides at meetings of the Cabinet. 首相主持内阁会议. 2 (phr v) preside over sth (a) be head or director of sth 掌管或领导某事物: * The city council is presided over by the mayor. 市政委员会由市长领导. (b) control or be responsible for sth 管理某事物; 对某事物负有责任: * The present director has presided over a rapid decline in the firm's profitability. 现任领导对公司利润的急剧下降负有责任.

presidency
[5prezidEnsi; 5prezEdEnsi] n (a) the presidency (also the Presidency) [sing] office(4) of a president 总统、 主席、 行政部门首长、 院长、 会长、 行长、 总经理、 董事长等的职位: * She hopes to win the presidency. 她希望争取到会长职位. (b) [C] term of office as a president 上述各职位的任期: * the last days of his presidency 他当主席的最後几天 * He was elected to a second presidency. 他获选连任总统.

president
[5prezidEnt; 5prezEdEnt] n 1 President elected head of state in the US and many modern republics 总统; 国家主席: * the President of the United States 美国总统 * President De Gaulle 戴高乐总统. 2 (also President) head of some colleges, government bodies or departments, societies, etc （学院的）院长、 （政府部门或机构的）首长、 （社会团体等的）会长等: * the President of the Board of Trade 贸易委员会主席 * He was made president of the cricket club. 他被任命为板球俱乐部会长. 3 (US) head of a bank, business firm, etc （银行的）行长、 （公司等的）总经理、 总裁、 董事长等. 派生： presidential[7prezi'denFl; 7prezE'denFEl] adj of a president or presidency 总统（职位）的; 最高领导者（职位）的: * a presidential candidate, election, policy 总统候选人、 选举、 政策 * (US) a presidential year, ie one in which an election for president is held 总统选举年.

presidium
(also praesidium)[pri5sidiEm; pri5sidiEm] n (pl ~s) permanent executive committee of the administration, esp in Communist countries 常务委员会, 主席团（尤指共产党国家政府的）: * the presidium of the Supreme Soviet 最高苏维埃主席团.

press
1[pres; pres] n 1 [C usu sing 通常作单数] act of pushing steadily with (sth held in) the hand 用手（持物）按、 压、 挤、 榨、 捏等: * Flatten the dough with a press of the hand. 用手把生面团压平. * Those trousers need a press, ie with a hot iron. 那条裤子该熨一熨. 2 [C] (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) any of various devices or machines used for compressing or shaping things, extracting juice, etc 任何压榨或挤压成形之器具或机器: * a `winepress （制酒的）葡萄榨汁机 * a `cider-press 苹果榨汁机 * an `olive-press 橄榄榨油机 * keep one's tennis racket in a press 把网球拍放在球拍夹中 * a hydraulic press 水压机. 3 (a) (also `printing-press) [C] machine for printing 印刷机: * He took a copy of the newspaper as it came off the press. 报纸在印刷机上印出来後他拿了一份. (b) [U] printing or being printed (used esp as in the following phrases) 印刷（尤用於以下词组中）: * pass sth for press, ie give final approval for sth before it goes to be printed 核准稿件以备付印 * go to press, ie start to be printed 付印（开始印刷） * Prices are correct at the time of going to press, but may be changed. 付印前价目无误, 之後或有变化. * stop press 停印. 4 (often 常作 the Press) [Gp] (journalists who work for) newspapers, periodicals and the news sections of radio and television 报刊; 定期刊物; 广播和电视的新闻节目; 报界; 新闻界; 记者们: * The Press were not allowed to attend the trial. 新闻界人士不得出庭旁听. * The majority of the press support the Government's foreign policy. 舆论界多数支持政府的外交政策. * the local/national/provincial press 地方[全国性/省级]报刊 * the gutter press, ie newspapers that concentrate on sensational stories about people's personal lives 低级报纸（专门宣扬别人隐私者） * The freedom of the press (ie right of journalists to report events, express opinions, etc freely) must be protected. 新闻报道的自由（记者自由报道新闻、 表达观点等的权利）应该得到保障.

press1
* [attrib 作定语] press advertising, comment, freedom 报刊上的广告、 报刊评论、 出版自由. 5 [sing] treatment given to a person, a group, an event, etc in radio, newspaper, etc reports （广播、 报刊等对个人、 团体、 事件等的）报道, 评论: * be given/have a good/bad press 受到舆论界的好评[批评]. 6 [C] business for printing (and publishing) books or periodicals 印刷业; 出版业; 出版社: * Oxford University Press 牛津大学出版社 * a small press specializing in illustrated books 专印有插图的书的小出版社. 7 [sing] (a) crowd or crowding of people 人群; 人群拥挤: * The child got lost in the press of people leaving the match. 在看完比赛後散场的人群中把孩子挤丢了. (b) pressure of affairs; hurry or stress 事务的压力; 匆忙; 紧迫: * the press of modern life 现代生活的压力. 8 [C] large cupboard, usu with shelves, for clothes, books, etc 大柜橱（通常有架以放置衣物、 书籍等）: * a linen press 衣物柜. 复合： `press agent person employed by a theatre, etc to organize advertising and publicity in the press （剧院等雇用在报刊等上做宣传和登广告的）宣传员. `press agency 1 office or business of a press agent 剧院等的宣传员的办事处或业务. 2 business firm that gathers news and supplies it to journalists 通讯社. the `Press Association (abbr 缩写 PA) (Brit) press agency that gathers home news and supplies it to the British press1(4) 新闻协会（英国负责采集国内新闻并向本国新闻媒介供稿的通讯社）. `press baron (infml 口) powerful newspaper proprietor报业大王. `press-box n place reserved for reporters, eg at a football or cricket match 记者席（如足球或板球比赛时设置的）. `press conference interview given to journalists in order to announce a decision, an achievement, etc 记者招待会: The Minister called a press conference as soon as the results were known. 结果一见分晓, 部长立即举行了记者招待会.

press2
`press cutting (also esp US `press clipping) paragraph,article, etc cut out from a newspaper or periodical 剪报. `press-gallery n place reserved for reporters, esp in Parliament or in a lawcourt 记者席（尤指议会里或法庭上的）. pressman[5presmEn, -mAn; 5presmEn, -7mAn] n (pl -men[5presmEn, -men; 5presmEn] ) 1 (Brit) journalist 记者. 2 (US) person who operates a printing-press 印刷工人. `press officer person employed by a business firm, political party, etc to provide information to the press and to answer journalists' questions （企业、 政党等雇用向新闻界发布消息并回答记者问题的）新闻代言人, 新闻发布官. `press photographer newspaper photographer 摄影记者. `press release official announcement or account of sth given to the press by a government department, political party, etc （政府机构、 政党等发布的）新闻稿:The company issued a press release to try to stop speculationin its shares. 公司发布了新闻稿以期遏止对其股票的投机活动.

pressure
[5preFE(r); 5preFl] n 1 [U] (a) force or weight of sth pressing continuously on or against sth that it touches 压力; 挤压: * the pressure of the crowd against the barriers 人群推挤栅栏的力量 * The pressure of the water caused the wall of the dam to crack. 水的压力使堤坝决口. (b) amount of this 压力之量; 压强: * The tyre is too hard reduce the pressure a bit. 这轮胎太硬, 要减少一点压力. * Your blood pressure (ie force of the blood in the veins and arteries) is too high. 你的血压过高. * a pressure of 6 lb to the square inch 每平方英寸6磅的压力 * [attrib 作定语] a pressure gauge, ie an instrument for measuring the pressure of liquid, gas, air, etc 压力计 * (fig 比喻) work at high pressure 在很大压力下工作. 2 [U] weight of the air in the atmosphere 大气的压力: * atmospheric pressure 气压 * A band of low pressure is moving across the country. 一个低压带正横越该国. 3 [U, C] ~ (of sth); ~ (to do sth) strong or oppressive influence 强大的影响; 压迫（感）: * She left home to escape the pressure to conform to her family's way of life. 她离家出走以求摆脱她家生活方式对她的束缚. * The pressures of city life forced him to move to the country. 都市生活的艰难迫使他迁往乡村. 4 (idm 习语) bring pressure to bear on sb (to do sth) use force or strong persuasion (to make sb do sth) 对某人施加压力（使之做某事）: * The bank will bring pressure to bear on you if you don't pay. 你要是不付款, 银行就对你施加压力. * The council brought pressure to bear on the landlord to improve his property. 市政会向房主施加了压力, 促使其改善房子的居住条件. put pressure on sb (to do sth) (try to) force sb (to do sth, esp quickly) （试图）迫使某人（做某事）; （尤指）催逼某人: * The birth of twins put pressure on them to find a bigger flat. 他们生了双胞胎, 不得不寻找一套较大的住房.

pressure1
* I don't want to put pressure on you to make a decision, but we haven't much time left. 我并不想催你做决定, 只是我们剩下的时间已经不多了. under `pressure (a) (of a liquid or gas held in a container) subject to pressure; compressed （指容器中所含的液体或气体）受有压力的, 压缩的: * The gas is stored under pressure in the tank. 该气体在压缩状态下贮存於罐中. * The beer comes out of the barrel under pressure. 啤酒受到压力从桶中流出. (b) influenced by urgency or compulsion 被催逼的; 被迫的: * work under pressure 在压力下工作 * put sb under pressure (to do sth) 迫使某人（做某事） * come under pressure (to do sth) 被迫（做某事）. (c) suffering stress 承受压力的: * She is constantly under pressure and it is affecting her health. 她经常负担很重, 因而影响了健康. 派生： pressure v = pressurize. 复合： `pressure-cooker n strong tightly-closed pot in which food can be cooked quickly by steam under high pressure 压力锅. =>illus at pan 见pan插图. `pressure group [CGp] (in politics, business, etc) organized group who try to influence policy, esp by intensive propaganda and campaigning; lobby 压力集团（尤指藉大力宣传及开展活动谋求对政策施加影响的政治、 工商业等组织）; （议院）院外活动集团.

pressurize, pressurise
[5preFEraiz; 5preFE7raiz] (also pressure)v 1 [Tn.pr, Cn.t] ~ sb into sth/doing sth use force, influence or strong persuasion to make sb do sth 强使某人做某事: * She was pressurized into agreeing to a merger. 她被迫同意将公司合并. * He felt that he was being pressurized to resign. 他感到有压力逼他辞职. 2 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] keep (the compartment of a submarine, the cabin of an aircraft, etc) at a constant atmospheric pressure 使（潜艇的水密舱、 飞机的座舱等）保持 定的气压: * a pressurized cabin 增压舱 * The compartments are fully pressurized. 水密舱均已增压完毕. > pressurization, -isation[7preFErai'zeiFn; --ri5z-; 7preFErE'zeFEn] n [U]. 复合： ,pressurized-`water reactor type of nuclear reactor that uses water under pressure as a coolant 压力水冷反应堆.

prestidigitator
[7presti'didViteitE(r); 7presti'didVi'tetl] n (fml or joc 文或谑) conjurer 变戏法的人; 耍把戏的人. 派生： prestidigitation[7presti7didVi'teiFn; 7presti7didVi'teFEn] n [U] (skill in) performing tricks by conjuring; sleight of hand （变）戏法.

prestige
[pre'sti:V; pres'tiV] n [U] 1 respect based on good reputation, past achievements, etc 威望; 威信: * lose/regain prestige 失去[恢复]威望 * He suffered a loss of prestige when the scandal was publicized. 这件丑事公开後他便威信扫地. 2 power to impress others, esp as a result of wealth, distinction, glamour, etc 影响力: * have, enjoy, earn prestige in the community 在社会上很有影响 * [attrib 作定语] the prestige value of owning a Rolls Royce 拥有劳斯．莱斯汽车的威风. 派生： prestigious/pre'stidVEs; pre'stidVEs] adj having or bringing prestige 有威望的; 有威信的; 有影响力的;带来声望的: * one of the world's most prestigious orchestras世界上最负盛名的管弦乐队之一.

presto
[5prestEu; 5presto] adj, adv 1 (music 音) quick(ly)以急板（的）. 2 (idm 习语) hey presto => hey. 派生： presto n (pl ~s) movement or passage of music (to be) played quickly 急板; 急板乐段.

presumable
[pri5zju:mEbl; - -'zu:-; pri5zumEbl] adj (fml 文) that may be presumed 可假定的; 可推测的: * the presumable result is an election defeat 推测结果可能竞选失败. 派生： presumably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv it may be presumed可假定; 可推测: * She is aware of the difficulties, presumably?她对这些困难大概了解吧? * He will presumably resign in view of the complete failure of his policy. 由於他所推行的政策彻底失败了, 他很可能辞职.

presume
[pri5zju:m; - -'zu:m; pri5zum] v 1 [Tf, Cn.a, Cn.t] suppose (sth) to be true; take (sth) for granted 假定（某事物）是事实; 认定（某事物）; 假设; 推测: * I presume that an agreement will eventually be reached. 我想最终是会达成协议的. * `Are the neighbours away on holiday?’ `I presume so.’ ‘邻居们去度假了吗?’‘我想是的.’ * In English law, an accused man is presumed (to be) innocent until he is proved guilty. 根据英国的法律, 被告未经证明有罪即认为是清白的. * Twelve passengers are missing, presumed dead. 十二名乘客失踪, 据信已经死亡. 2 [It] venture to do sth; be so bold as to do sth 冒昧地做某事; 胆敢做某事: * I won't presume to disturb you. 我不敢打扰你. * May I presume to advise you? 我可以冒昧向你进一言吗? 3 (phr v) presume on sth (fml 文) make a wrong use of sth; take unfair advantage of sth 不正当地利用某事物; 占某事物的便宜: * presume on sb's good nature, eg by asking for help 利用某人的好心肠（如请求帮助）.

presumption
[pri5zQmpFn; pri5zQmpFEn] n 1 (a) [U] ~ (of sth) presuming sth to be true or the case 假定; 认定; 假设; 推测: * presumption of her innocence by the court 法庭对她无罪的推定. (b) [C] thing presumed to be true or very probable 假定属实的事物; 被认定的事物; 极为可能的事物: * The article makes too many false presumptions. 这篇文章中凭空臆测的成分太多. * We're having the party in the garden on the presumption that it's not going to rain. 我们认为不会下雨, 所以在花园里举行宴会. 2 [U] behaviour that is too bold; arrogance 放肆; 傲慢: * She was infuriated by his presumption in making the travel arrangements without first consulting her. 他事先没和她商量便做好旅行安排, 她对他自作主张很生气.

presumptive
[pri5zQmptiv; pri5zQmptiv] adj (fml esp law 文, 尤用於法律) (a) based on reasonable belief 基於合理之推测的; 推定的: * presumptive evidence 推定的证据. (b) probable 可能的; 假定的: * the presumptive heir/the heir presumptive, ie the person who will inherit the throne unless sb with a stronger claim is born 假定继承人（除非有更具继承权资格的人出生, 否则即由其继承王位）.

presumptuous
[pri5zQmptFuEs; pri5zQmptFuEs] adj (a) (of a person or his behaviour) too bold or self-confident （指人或其行为）胆大妄为的, 放肆的, 冒失的, 专横的: * Would it be presumptuous of me to ask you to contribute? 可否冒昧请求你出一份力? (b) (of a person) acting without the necessary authority （指人）自行其是的, 自作主张的: * He was presumptuous in making the announcement before the decision had been approved. 决议尚未通过他已径自宣布. > presumptuously adv.

presuppose
[7pri:sE'pEuz; 7prisE'poz] v [Tn, Tf] (not used in the continuous tenses 不用於进行时态) 1 assume (sth) to be true beforehand 预先假定（某事物）属实; 预料: * We cannot presuppose the truth of his statements. 我们不能预先假定他的话属实. 2 require (sth) as a condition; imply 以（某事物）为先决条件; 意味着: * Effects presuppose causes. 有其果必有其因. * Approval of the plan presupposes that the money will be made available. 批准该计画先要有可用的资金. 派生： presupposition[7pri:sQpE'ziFn; 7prisQpE'ziFEn] n (fml 文) (a) [U] (action of) presupposing (presuppose1)预先假定; 预料: * Bail was refused on the presupposition of his guilt. 已料到他罪名成立而不准保释. (b) [C] thing that is presupposed 预先假定的事物; 预测之事; 先决条件: * You have made several unjustified presuppositions. 你作了一些毫无根据的假设.

pretence
(US pretense)[pri5tens; pri5tens] n 1 (a) [U] deception; make-believe 虚假; 虚伪; 虚饰; 假装; 做作: * Their friendliness was only pretence. 他们的友谊完全是虚假的. * Their way of life was all pretence. 他们的生活方式都很做作. (b) [sing] ~ of sth false show of sth 假象; 假相: * a pretence of strength, grief, sleep 有力量、 伤心、 睡觉的假象. 2 (a) [C] ~ to sth claim to (merit, honour, etc) 声称; 自称; 自诩; 标榜: * I have no pretence to being an expert on the subject. 我并不自命是这方面的专家. (b) [U] (fml 文) ostentation; pretentiousness 炫耀; 虚夸: * an honest, kindly man without pretence 诚实而不做作的好心人. 3 (idm 习语) on/under false pretences => false.

pretend
[pri5tend; pri5tend] v 1 [I, Tf, Tt] make oneself appear to be (doing) sth in order to deceive others or in play 假装; 佯作: * The time has come to stop pretending! 够了, 别再装蒜了! * She pretended (that) she was not at home when we rang the bell. 我们按门铃时, 她假装不在家. * The children pretended to eat the mud pies. 孩子们假装吃泥饼. 2 [Tn] claim (sth) falsely, esp as an excuse 伪称（某事物）（尤用作藉口）: * She pretended illness as an excuse. 她佯称有病以为藉口. * His pretended friendship was part of the deception. 他所谓的友谊是一种骗局. 3 [Ipr, Tt] ~ to sth (fml 文) make a claim to (do) sth 声称做某事; 自称为某事物: * Surely he doesn't pretend to any understanding of music! 谅他不会自以为懂得什麽音乐吧! * I don't pretend to know as much as he does about it. 我不敢说我对此事的了解有他那样多. 派生： pretender n person whose claim (to a throne, title, etc) is disputed 觊觎王位、 爵位等者.

pretension
[pri5tenFn; pri5tenFEn] n 1 [C usu pl 通常作复数] ~ (to sth/doing sth) (making of a) claim 声称; 自命; 主张; 要求; 权利: * a poet with serious pretensionsto literary greatness 完全有资格称作文学泰斗的诗人 * He has/makes no pretensions to being an expert on the subject. 他并不以这方面的专家自居. * (derog 贬) His social pretensions (ie behaving as if he was of a higher class) make him appear ridiculous. 他冒充上流社会人士而出尽洋相. 2 [U] being pretentious 自负; 狂妄; 炫耀; 标榜: * Readers may find the pretension and arrogance of her style irritating. 读者可以感觉到她文章中的狂妄自负令人反感.

pretentious
[pri5tenFEs; pri5tenFEs] adj claiming (esp without justification) merit or importance; pompous or showy 自负的; 自命不凡的; 炫耀的; 自我标榜的: * expressed in pretentious language 用狂妄的语言表达的 * a pretentious writer, book, style 自我炫耀的作家、 书、 文风. > pretentiousness n [U].

preterite
(US preterit)[5pretErEt; 5pretErEt] adj, n (grammar) (of the) past simple tense (of a verb) （动词的）过去式（的）: * `Ran' is the preterite of `run'. ran是run的过去式.

preternatural
[7pri:tE'nAtFrEl; 7pritl'nAtFrEl] adj (fml 文) beyond what is natural or normal; unusual 超自然的; 异乎寻常的; 不可思议的: * preternatural power, force, ability, etc 超乎一般的能量、 力量、 能力等 * a preternatural gift for knowing what others are thinking 知道别人在想什麽的特异禀赋. > preternaturally adv.

pretext
[5pri:tekst; 5pritekst] n ~ (for sth/doing sth) reason given (for doing sth) that is not the real reason; excuse 藉口; 托辞: * He came to see me on/under the pretext of asking my advice when he really wanted to borrow money. 他以请我指教为藉口前来看我, 其实是想借钱. * We'll have to find a pretext for not going to the party. 我们不去参加聚会得找个藉口才是.

prettify
[5pritifai; 5priti7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn] (usu derog 通常作贬义) make (sth) pretty in a superficial way 为（某物）装门面; 粉饰, 点缀（某物）: * The old farm workers' cottages are being prettified as holiday homes. 这些农场工人的旧房屋都装饰成了度假别墅. Cf 参看 beautify.

pretty
[5priti; 5priti] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 pleasing and attractive, without being beautiful or magnificent 漂亮的, 可爱的, 精致的（并非华丽的或堂皇的）: * a pretty child, pattern, tune 可爱的孩子、 好看的花样、 好听的曲调 * a pretty (ie effeminate-looking) boy 俊俏的男孩儿 * What a pretty dress! 多漂亮的连衣裙哪! * She looks very pretty in that hat. 她戴着那顶帽子真是漂亮极了. * The bodies of the victims were not a pretty sight. 这些受害者的 体惨不忍睹. =>Usage at beautiful 用法见beautiful. 2 (a) (esp dated 尤作旧) fine; good 美好的; 良好的: * a pretty wit, compliment, turn of phrase 敏捷的头脑、 动听的恭维话、 巧妙的措辞. (b) (ironic 反语) not pleasing 糟糕的: * You've got yourself into a pretty mess now! 你现在可惹了麻烦了! * This a pretty state of affairs! 事情糟透了! 3 (idm 习语) (as) ,pretty as a `picture very pretty 非常漂亮. come to such a pass/a pretty pass => pass1. not just a pretty `face not just sb who is superficially attractive without having other qualities or abilities 不仅相貌好（尚有其他优点）: * His good looks won him the election but he has still to prove that he's not just a pretty face. 他由於仪表堂堂而当选, 但他尚须证明决非徒有其表. a pretty `penny a lot of money 大量金钱: * Renovating that house will cost you a pretty penny. 为了整修那所房子, 你得花很多钱. 派生： pretty adv 1 fairly or moderately 相当; 颇: The situation seems pretty hopeless. 这情况似乎没有多大希望了. * She seemed pretty satisfied with the result. 她对那结果似乎相当满意. =>Usage at fairly 用法见fairly. 2 (idm 习语) pretty much/nearly/well almost 几乎; 差不多: The two are pretty much the same. 这两个简直一模一样. * The car is pretty nearly new. 那辆车跟新的差不多. * My patience is pretty well exhausted. 我几乎忍无可忍. sitting pretty => sit.

pretty1
prettily[5pritili; 5pritili] adv in a pretty or charming way 漂亮地; 可爱地; 精致地; 迷人地: * She decorated the room very prettily. 她把房间装饰得漂亮极了. * She smiled prettily as she accepted the flowers. 她在接受鲜花时, 笑得真迷人. prettiness n [U]: People commented on the prettiness of the cottage. 大家都夸那小屋很精致. 复合： `pretty-pretty adj (infml derog 口, 贬) too pretty 过分漂亮的: a pretty-pretty colour scheme of pale pinks and blues 浅的粉红色和蓝色过於漂亮的色彩设计 * a frilly, pretty-pretty dress 有褶边的十分华丽的连衣裙.

pretzel
[5pretsl; 5pretsl] n crisp salty biscuit made in the shape of a knot or stick 椒盐脆饼乾（做成纽结状或棒状）.

prevail
[pri5veil; pri5vel] v 1 [I] ~ (among/in sth/sb) exist or happen generally; be widespread 普遍存在; 普遍发生; 盛行; 流行: * conditions prevailing in the region 该地区的普遍状况 * The use of horses for ploughing still prevails among the poorer farmers. 用马耕作的现象在贫苦农民中仍然十分普遍. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (against/over sb/sth) (fml 文) fight successfully (against sb/sth); defeat 战胜（某人[某事物]）; 击败: * Virtue will prevail against evil. 美德定将战胜邪恶. * The invaders prevailed over the native population. 入侵者打败了土着居民. 3 (phr v) prevail on sb to do sth (fml 文) persuade sb to do sth 劝说某人做某事: * May I prevail on you to make a speech after dinner? 可以请你在用餐後讲几句话吗? 派生： prevailing adj [attrib 作定语] (a) most usual orwidespread 普遍的; 盛行的; 流行的: the prevailing customs,fashions, style, etc 流行的风俗、 式样、 款式等. (b) (of a wind) that blows in an area most frequently （指风）某一区域里最常刮的: The prevailing wind here is from the south-west. 这里最常刮的风是西南风.

prevalent
[5prevElEnt; 5prevElEnt] adj (fml 文) ~ (among/in sth/sb) existing or happening generally; widespread 普遍存在的; 普遍发生的; 盛行的; 流行的: * The prevalent opinion is in favour of reform. 一般舆论都支持改革. * Is malaria still prevalent among the populationhere? 疟疾是否仍为此地居民的多发病? 派生： prevalence[-Ens; -Ens] n [U] being prevalent 普遍; 盛行; 流行: * They were very surprised by the prevalence of anti-government sentiments. 他们对普遍存在的反政府情绪感到很吃惊.

prevaricate
[pri5vArikeit; pri5vArE7ket] v [I] (fml 文) try to avoid telling the (whole) truth by speaking in an evasive or a misleading way; equivocate 支吾; 搪塞; 闪 烁其辞: * Tell us exactly what happened and don't prevaricate.有什麽就原原本本地告诉我们吧, 别躲躲闪闪的. 派生： prevarication/pri7vAri5keiFn; 7privArE'keFEn] n (a) [U] prevaricating 支吾; 搪塞. (b) [C] instance ofthis 支吾; 搪塞: * The report was full of lies and prevarications.这篇报道不是颠倒黑白就是含糊其辞. prevaricator n person who prevaricates 支吾搪塞的人.

prevent
[pri5vent; pri5vent] v [Tn, Tn.pr, Tsg] ~ sb/sth (from doing sth) stop or hinder sb/sth 阻止或妨碍某人[某事物]: * prevent the spread of a disease/a disease from spreading 防止某种疾病的蔓延 * Nobody can prevent us/our getting married. 谁也阻止不了我们结婚. * Your prompt action prevented a serious accident. 你由於动作敏捷而防止了一次严重事故. 派生： preventable adj that can be prevented 可防止的; 可预防的: preventable accidents, deaths, diseases, etc 可避免的事故、 死亡、 疾病等.

prevention
[pri5venFn; pri5venFEn] n 1 [U] (action of) preventing 阻止; 防止; 妨碍; 预防: * the prevention of crime 防止犯罪行为 * the prevention of cruelty to animals 防止虐待动物. 2 (idm 习语) pre,vention is ,better than `cure (saying 谚) it is easier to prevent sth happening than to undo the damage or cure the disease later 预防胜於治疗; 宜未雨绸缪.

preventive
[pri5ventiv; pri5ventiv] (also preventative/ prI5ventEtIv; prI`vZntEtIv/) adj (a) preventing or intendedto prevent sth; precautionary 预防（性）的; 防备的: * preventive measures 预防性措施. (b) (of medicine) preventing or intended to prevent disease; prophylactic （医学上）预防疾病的, 预防性的: * research into preventive medicine, ie ways of preventing disease 研究防治学. 派生： preventive (also preventative) n thing (esp a medicine) used or designed to prevent sth 预防物; 预防性措施; （尤指）预防药. 复合： pre,ventive de`tention (law 律) imprisonment of sb because it is thought likely that he will commit a crime （对有可能犯罪者采取的）预防性拘留.

preview
[5pri:vju:; 5pri7vju] n (a) showing of a film, an exhibition, a play, etc before it is shown to the general public （电影、 戏剧、 展览会等的）预映, 预演, 预展: * a press preview, ie one for journalists only 为新闻界举办的预映 * We attended a sneak preview of the winter fashion collection. 我们参观了一次对内的冬季时装预展. (b) report or description of a film, performance of a play, etc before it is shown to the general public （电影、 戏剧表演等的）预告性述评: * a preview of next week's viewing/listening 下周节目预告述评. 派生： preview v [Tn] have or give a preview of (sth) 举行（某事物）的预演、 预映或预展等.

previous
[5pri:viEs; 5priviEs] adj 1 [attrib 作定语] coming before in time or order （时间或顺序上）先的, 前的: * We had met on a previous occasion. 我们上次见过面. * He was there the previous day. 他前一天还在那儿呢. * Who was the previous owner? 谁是以前的属有人? * I am unable to attend because of a previous engagement. 我因有约在先故不能出席. * The criminal had had four previous convictions. 这名罪犯有四次前科. * Applicants for the job must have previous experience. 申请这份工作的人须先前有过这种工作经验. 2 [pred 作表语] (infml 口) done or acting too hastily; presumptuous 操之过急; 自行其是: * Aren't you rather previous in assuming I am going to pay? 你以为我会付款未免太自作聪明了吧? >previously adv: * She had previously worked in television.她以前干过电视这一行.

prey
[prei; pre] n 1 [U] (a) animal, bird, etc hunted and killed by another for food 被捕食的动物; 捕获物: * a beast/bird of prey, ie one that kills and eats others, eg a tiger, an eagle 食肉猛兽[禽]（如虎、 鹰） * The lion stalked its prey through the long grass. 那狮子在很深的草丛里潜步逼近猎物. * Mice and other small creatures are the owl's prey. 老鼠以及其他小动物都是猫头鹰的捕食物. (b) (fig 比喻) person who is exploited or harmed by another; victim 被剥削者; 受损害者; 牺性品: * She was easy prey for dishonest salesmen. 她很容易地让奸商敲了竹 . 2 (idm 习语) be/fall prey to sth (a) (of an animal) be hunted and killed for food by another （指动物）被捕食, 成为其他动物的捕获物: * The zebra fell prey to the lion. 那斑马被狮子捕食. (b) (of a person) be greatly troubled or tormented by sth （指人）为某事物所苦, 受到某事物的折磨: * She was prey to irrational fears. 她遭受着无端恐惧的折磨. 派生： prey v 1 (idm 习语) prey on sb's `mind trouble sb greatly 烦扰某人: Fear of the consequences preyed on her mind. 她担心其後果而惴惴不安. * The thought that he was responsible for her death preyed on his mind. 他一想到自己对她的死负有责任就感到心如刀割. 2 (phr v) prey on sb/sth (a) hunt or catch (an animal, etc) as prey 捕食（动物等）: hawks preying on small birds 捕食小鸟的老鹰. (b) make sb one's victim; exploit or attack 使某人成为受害者; 剥削; 掠夺: a confidence trickster preying on rich widows 一个玩弄花招使一些阔寡妇上当的骗子 * The villagers were preyed on by bandits from the hills. 村民们受到山里强盗抢劫.

price
[prais; prais] n 1 amount of money for which sth is (to be) bought or sold 价格; 价钱: * What is the price of this table? 这张桌子多少钱? * a woollen sweater, price 19.95 毛衣, 定价19.95英镑 * Prices are rising, falling, going up, going down, shooting up, plummeting, etc. 物价在上涨、 下跌、 上升、 下落、 猛然上涨、 骤然下跌等. * I can't afford it at that price. 我可出不起那样的价钱. * charge high prices 要价高 * He sold the house at/for a good price. 他以很高的价钱卖了那所房子. * Ask the builder to give you a price (ie say how much he will charge) for the work. 请营造商就那工程给你开个价. * [attrib 作定语] the fixing of price levels 价格水准的制定. =>Usage 见所附用法. 2 what must be done, given orexperienced to get or keep sth 代价: * Loss of independencewas a high price to pay for peace. 以丧失独立来换取和平是极高的代价. * Being recognized wherever you go is the price you pay for being famous. 出名所付出的代价是不管你走到哪里, 都会被人认出来. * No price is too high for winning their support. 为了获得他们的支持, 任何代价均在所不惜. 3 the odds in betting 投注赔率: * Six to one is a good price for that horse. 那匹马有六比一的赔率很不错. * the starting price, ie odds offered by a bookmaker on a race just before it starts 赌马经纪人临赛前定的赔率. 4 (idm 习语) at a `price at a (fairly) high price 以（相当）高的价格: * Fresh strawberries are now available at a price! 鲜草莓现已上市--价钱很高! at `any price whatever the cost 不惜任何代价: * The people wanted peace at any price. 人民不惜付出任何代价也要争取和平. beyond/above/without `price (esp rhet 尤作修辞) extremely valuable; so valuable that it cannot be bought 极其贵重的; 无价的. cheap at the `price worth more than the price paid or quoted 物有所值: * `You're surely not asking 40 for this book?’ `Yes it's cheap at the price!’ ‘这本书你绝不会要价40英镑吧?’‘是40英镑--物有所值啊!’

price1
* (joc 谑) `It'll cost a fortune to go on holiday there!’ `It'll be cheap at the price if it keeps the family happy.’ ‘去那里度假可得要一大笔开销哇!’‘只要能让一家人快乐, 再贵也值得.’ everyone has his `price (saying 谚) everyone can be bribed in some way 人皆有价（都能以某种方式加以收买）. not at `any price in no circumstances, however favourable 无论如何; 即使有天大的好处: * I wouldn't have my sister's children to stay again not at any price! 我可不愿意再让我姐姐的孩子留下来住了--说什麽也不行! of great `price (rhet 修辞) extremely valuable 极其宝贵的. pay a/the price => pay2. a `price on sb's head reward offered for sb's capture or for killing him 悬赏缉拿或杀死某人所定之赏格: * The authorities put a price on the outlaw's head. 当局悬赏缉拿歹徒. * He knew it was dangerous to be seen there was a price on his head. 他知道被人发现是很危险的--正在悬赏要他的脑袋呢. put a price on sth value sth in terms of money 给某事物定价: * You can't put a price on that sort of loyalty. 那样的忠心是不能用金钱来衡量的. what price...? (Brit infml 口) (a) (used when sneering at the failure of sth 用於嘲笑失败) see how worthless it was 多麽不值得; 有什麽用: * What price peaceful protest now? 现在搞和平抗议有个屁用! * What price all your promises now? 你现在所答应的话又有什麽用呢? (b) what is the chance of...? ...的可能性如何? What price he'll offer to pay the fine for us? 他有可能为我们支付罚金吗? 派生： price v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (at sth) fix the price of sth (at a particular level) 给某物定价: The agent priced the house at the right level for the market. 代理商按市场价格给这所房子定了价. * These goods are priced too high. 这些货物定价过高. * Even the cheapest was priced at 5. 即使最便宜的也标价5英镑. 2 [Tn] find or estimate the price of (sth) 查明或估计出（某事物）的价钱: I don't know enough about porcelain to be able to price these plates. 我不太懂得瓷器, 估计不出这些盘子的价钱.

price2
3 [Tn] mark (goods) with a price 给（货物）标价: The assistant priced the garments before putting them on display. 营业员先给服装标好价格再摆出来卖. 4 (idm 习语) price oneself/sth out of the `market charge such a high price for one's goods, services, etc that nobody buys them 漫天要价以致无人问津. priceless adj 1 too valuable to be priced 无价的; 极其贵重的: priceless jewels, paintings, treasures, etc 极其贵重的首饰、 画、 珍宝等 * (fig 比喻) Her one priceless asset is her unflappability. 她有一点是非常难能可贵的, 就是她遇事冷静. =>Usage at invaluable 用法见invaluable. 2 (infml 口) very amusing or absurd 非常有趣的; 十分荒唐的: a priceless joke 非常有趣的笑话 * You look absolutely priceless in that hat! 你戴着那顶帽子很滑稽! pricey (also pricy)[5praisi; 5praisi] adj (-ier, -iest) [usu pred 通常作表语] (Brit infml 口) expensive 昂贵: * This restaurant is a bit pricey for me. 这家饭馆的价钱对我来说贵了些. 复合： `price control control of price levels, esp by a government 价格管制（尤指政府所实行的）. `price-fixing n [U] (a) (usu derog 通常作贬义) setting prices by agreement among producers, esp so as to keep them artificially high 价格垄断（制造商之间的协议定价, 尤指人为抬高价格者）. (b) = price control. `price-list n list of current prices for goods on sale 价目表; 价格单. `price-tag n (a) label showing the price of sth 价格标签. (b) ~ (on sth) (fig 比喻) cost of sth 价值; 费用: The price-tag on the new fighter plane was too high for the government. 新型战斗机的费用太高, 政府难以负担. `price war situation in which competing sellers repeatedlyreduce their prices in order to attract buyers 价格战（卖方在竞争中不断削价以吸引买主）. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: The price and cost of something is the amount of money needed to buy it. *price和cost均指购买某物需要的钱数. Price is generally used of objects which can be bought or sold; cost usually relates to services or processes *price一般指商品的售价; cost则通常指服务收费或进行某程序需要的费用: the price of vegetables, houses, land 蔬菜、 房屋、 土地的价格

price3
* the cost of growing vegetables, decorating the house, building on land 栽培蔬菜、 装修房子、 建 施工需要的费用 * the cost of a holiday in France 在法国度假需要的费用. Charge is the amount of money asked, usually for a service *charge指索取的费用, 通常用於服务收费: electricity charges 电费 * the charge for parking 存车费. Price, cost and charge can also be verbs *price、 cost、 charge这叁个词亦可用作动词: They've priced their house very high, ie They're asking a high price. 他们出售房子要价很高. * How much did your holiday cost? 你度假花了多少钱? * How much do they charge for advertising? 他们索取多少广告费?

prick
1[prik; prik] n 1 (a) act of pricking 刺; 戳: * I gave my finger a prick with a needle. 我的手指叫针给扎了一下. (b) small hole or mark caused by this 戳出的小孔或记号; 刺痕: * You can see the pricks where the stitches were. 你可以看见缝针扎出的小洞. 2 pain caused by pricking 刺痛（感）: * I can still feel the prick. 我还有那刺痛的感觉.* (fig 比喻) the pricks of conscience, ie mental uneasiness良心上的不安. 3 ("! sl 讳, 俚) (a) penis , 鸡巴（阴茎）. (b) (derog 贬) (stupid) man （蠢）人: * What a stupid prick you are! 你真是个大傻瓜! 4 (idm 习语) kick against the pricks => kick1.

prickle
[5prikl; 5prikl] n 1 (a) small pointed growth on the stem or leaf of a plant; thorn （植物的茎或叶上的）刺. (b) small pointed growth on the skin of certain animals, eg a hedgehog; spine （某些动物如刺碠等身上的）皮刺, 刺毛. 2 pricking sensation on the skin （皮肤上的）刺痛（感）. 派生： prickle v [I, Tn] (cause sb/sth to) have a feeling of being pricked 刺痛某人[某物]; （使某人[某物]）感到刺痛: The woollen cloth prickles (my skin). 穿毛料衣服（使我的皮肤）有被扎的感觉. * My scalp began to prickle as I realized the horrible truth. 我了解到了那令人恐惧的事实, 顿时感到不寒而栗. prickly[5prikli; 5prikli] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 (a) covered with prickles (prickle 1a) 多刺的: * prickly rose-bushes 多刺的玫瑰丛. (b) having or causing a sensation of prickling 刺痛的; 引起刺痛的: * My skin feels prickly. 我的皮肤有刺痛感 * a prickly feeling, sensation, etc 刺痛感. 2 (infml 口) (of a person) easily angered; irritable; touchy （指人）易怒的, 脾气暴躁的, 动辄发火的: * You're a bit prickly today! 你今天动不动就发火! prickliness n [U]. prickly `heat skin condition common in hot climates, with inflammation of the skin near the sweat glands which causes a prickly sensation 痱子. prickly `pear (a) type of cactus covered with prickles 仙人果（一种仙人掌, 多刺）. (b) its pear-shaped edible fruit 仙人果的果实（像梨, 可食）.

pride
[praid; praid] n 1 (a) [U] ~ (in sb/sth) feeling of pleasure or satisfaction which one gets from doing sth well, from owning sth excellent or widely admired, etc 得意; 自豪: * She looked with pride at the result of her work. 她自豪地看着自己的工作成果. * Her pride in her achievements is justified. 她为自己的成就而自豪, 这是理所当然的. * He felt a glow of pride as people admired his new car. 人们夸他的新汽车时, 他得意得很. * the pride of parenthood 身为父母的骄傲. (b) [sing] the ~ of sth person or thing that is an object or source of this 引以自豪的人或事物: * The new car was the pride of the whole family. 新汽车是全家人引以自豪之物. * He was the pride of the village after winning the championship. 他获得冠军之後成了全村的骄傲. 2 [U] (derog 贬) unjustifiably high opinion of oneself or one's achievements; arrogance 高傲; 倨傲; 骄傲; 傲慢: * the sin of pride 傲慢的过错 * He was puffed up with pride. 他傲气十足. 3 [U] knowledge of one's own worth or character; dignity and self-respect 自尊（心）: * Her pride was hurt. 她的自尊心受到了伤害. * He has no pride if he lets the children talk to him so rudely. 他要是允许孩子们对他说话这样无礼, 就会有失自己的尊严. * Having to accept the money was a blow to her pride. 她不得不接受这笔钱, 这是对她自尊心的打击. * He refused to accept help out of a false sense of pride. 他由於死要面子而不肯接受帮助. 4 [CGp] group of (esp) lions 一群（尤指狮子）. 5 (idm习语) pocket one's pride => pocket v. pride comes/goes before a `fall (saying 谚) if you behave arrogantly,sth will happen to make you look foolish 骄者必败. pride of `place the most prominent or important position, because of being the best or best-liked 最突出或最重要的位置: * The painting has pride of place in his collection. 这幅画在他的收藏品中最为珍贵. sb's pride and `joy person or thing that sb is very proud of 使某人感到无比骄傲的人或事物:

pride1
* Their baby is their pride and joy. 他们的婴儿是他们的快乐和骄傲. put one's pride in one's pocket do sth that would normally make one feel ashamed and humiliated 姑且忍辱含垢. take (a) pride in sb/sth be proud of sb/sth 对某人[某事物]感到自豪: * She takes great pride in her children's success. 她为自己的孩子取得的成绩感到无比骄傲. take pride in sth do sth carefully or well because it is important to one 认真做好某事物（因对自己很重要）: * He takes no pride in his work. 他对待工作马马虎虎. * You should take more pride in your appearance. 你应该多注意一点仪表. 派生： pride v (phr v) pride oneself on sth/doing sth be proud of sth 以某事物而自豪; 得意於某事物: She prides herself on her garden/on her skill as a gardener. 她对自己的花园[对自己的园艺]非常得意. * He prides himself on remaining calm in an emergency. 他在紧急关头十分镇静为此感到骄傲.

priest
[pri:st; prist] n 1 person appointed to perform religious duties and ceremonies in the Christian Church, esp one who is between a deacon and a bishop in the Roman Catholic, Orthodox or Anglican Church (more usu called a clergyman in the Anglican Church) 基督教会的神职人员（尤指助祭或会吏以上主教以下者）; 司铎, 司祭, 教士, 牧师, 神甫, 神父（英国国教通常多称为clergyman）: * a parish priest 牧区牧师 * the ordination ofwomen priests 女司铎的授圣职仪式. Cf 参看 minister1 3,vicar. 2 (fem 阴性作 priestess[5pri:stes; 5pristis] ) person who performs religious ceremonies in a non-Christian religion （基督教会以外的）神职人员. 派生： the priesthood[-hud; -hud] n (a) [sing] office or position of a priest 司铎、 司祭、 教士、 牧师或神甫的职务或职位: * enter the priesthood 任司铎之职. (b) [Gp] whole body of priests (esp of a particular Church or country) 全体神职人员（尤指某一教会或国家的）: * the Catholic priesthood 天主教全体神甫 * the Spanish priesthood 西班牙神职人员. priestlike adj like a priest 似神职人员的. priestly adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of, like or relating to a priest （似）神职人员的; 与神职人员有关的: his priestly duties 他作为神职人员的责任.

prig
[prig; prig] n (derog 贬) person who behaves as ifhe were morally superior to everyone else, and disapprovesof what others do; self-righteous person 自以为道德高尚的人; 道学先生. 派生： priggish adj of or (behaving) like a prig （似）道学先生的. priggishly adv. priggishness n [U].

prim
[prim; prim] adj (-mmer, -mmest) (usu derog 通常作贬义) 1 (of a person) disliking anything that is improper, rude or rough; prudish （指人）循规蹈矩的, 拘谨的, 古板的, 假正经的: * You can't tell that joke to her she's much too prim and proper. 可别给她讲那样的笑话--她这人过於古板和认真. 2 stiffly formal in appearance, behaviour or manner （外观、 行为或举止上）庄重的: * a prim little dress with a white collar 带有白色衣领的十分端庄的连衣裙. > primly adv: * He didn't reply, but just smiled primly. 他没回答, 只是拘谨地笑了笑. primness n [U].

prima ballerina
[7pri:mE 7bAlE'ri:nE; 5primE 7bAlE'rinE] leading woman dancer in (a) ballet 芭蕾舞中首席女演员.

prima donna
[7pri:mE 'dCnE; 7primE 'danE] 1 leading woman singer in (an) opera 歌剧中担任主角的女演员. 2 (derog 贬) person who easily gets into a bad temper when others do not do as he wants, when his idea of his own importance is challenged, etc （因气量狭小、 妄自尊大等）爱发脾气的人.

prima facie
[7praimE'feiFi:; 7praimE'feFi] adj [attrib 作定语], adv (esp law 尤用於法律) based on what seems to be so without further or deeper investigation 似乎如此（的）; 未作进一步或深入调查（的）: * prima facie evidence, ie sufficient to establish sth legally (unless it is disproved later) 初步证据 * Prima facie he would appear to be guilty. 初步证据表明他有罪.

primacy
[5praimEsi; 5praimEsi] n 1 [U] (fml 文) leadingposition; pre-eminence 首位; 至高无上: * the primacy of moral values, the monarchy, the Communist Party 道德价值的高於一切、 君权的凌驾一切、 共产党的领导一切. 2 [C] office or position of an archbishop 大主教的职务或职位.

primaeval
= primeval.

primal
[5praiml; 5praiml] adj [attrib 作定语] (fml 文) 1 first or original; primeval 最初的; 原始的: * the loss of their primal innocence 他们原有的天真素质之丧失. 2 chief or most important; fundamental; primary(2) 主要的; 首要的; 基础性的; 根本的: * of primal importance 至为重要的.

primary
[5praimEri; - -meri; 5prai7meri] adj 1 (a) [usuattrib 通常作定语] earliest in time or order of development（在时间或发展顺序上）初始的, 最早的, 开端的, 起步阶段的: * in the primary stage of development 在发展的最初阶段 * The disease is still in its primary stage. 此病尚处於初期阶段. * primary causes 始发原因. (b) (also Primary) of the lowest or earliest series of geological strata 最下面的或最早形成的岩层的; 原生的: * Primary rocks 原生岩石. 2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] most important; fundamental 首要的; 基础性的; 根本的: * The primary reason for advertising is to sell more goods. 做广告的根本目的是要多出售货物. * the primary (ie basic) meaning of a word 词的基本意义 * This is of primary importance. 这是最重要的. * primary stress/accent, ie the strongest stress given to a syllable in a word or compound (shown in this dictionary by the mark `) 主重音, 第一重音（标注於单词或复合结构的音节上的最强的重音, 本词典中以‘`’号表示）. Cf 参看 principal. 3 [attrib 作定语] of or for primary education 初等教育的: * primary teachers 小学教师. Cf 参看 secondary. 派生：primarily[5praimErEli; - prai'merEli; 5prai7merEli] adv mainly 主要地: * The purpose of the programme is primarily educational. 演出该节目的主要目的是为了进行教育. primary n (also primary e`lection) (in the US) election in which voters select party candidates for a coming election （美国）（为大选推举党内候选人而进行的）初选: the presidential primaries 提名总统候选人的初选. 复合： primary `colour any one of the colours from which all other colours can be obtained by mixing, ie (of dye or paint) red, yellow and blue and (of light) red, green and violet 原色, 基色（指能混合生成其他各种颜色的基本颜色之一, 染料或颜料中的原色是红、 黄、 蓝, 光的原色是红、 绿、 紫）. ,primary edu`cation education in the first years of school, for children of (usu) 5-11 years 初等教育（指通常为5至11岁儿童的小学教育）.

primary1
`primary school 1 (Brit) first school for children of (usu) 5-11 years 小学（儿童年龄通常为5至11岁）. 2 (US grade school, grammar school) part of an elementary school, for children of (usu) 6-9 years 初级学校（小学之初级阶段, 儿童年龄通常为6至9岁）.

primate
1[5praimeit; 5praimet] n archbishop 大主教; 主教长: * the Primate of all England, ie the Archbishop of Canterbury 全英主教长（坎特伯雷大主教）.

prime
1[praim; praim] adj [attrib 作定语] 1 most important; chief; fundamental 最重要的; 主要的; 基本的: * Her prime motive was personal ambition. 她的主要动机是为了实现个人的志向. * Her prime concern is to protect the property. 她最为关心的是保护财产. * It is a matter of prime importance. 此事至为重要. * The prime cause of the trouble was bad management. 造成麻烦的根本原因在於管理不善. 2 of the best quality; excellent 质量最好的; 第一流的: * prime (cuts of) beef 上等牛肉（块） * a prime site for development 最适於发展的场地. 3 having all the expected or typical qualities 最理想的; 最典型的: * That's a prime (ie very typical, excellent) example of what I was talking about. 这就是一个恰能印证我所谈的内容的极好的例子. 复合： ,prime `cost basic cost of producing or manufacturingsth (ie the cost of materials and labour) not including such additional items as rent and insurance for premises 主要成本（生产或制造所需的基本费用, 包括材料费和劳务费, 而不包括附加费用如场地的租金和保险金）. ,prime me`ridian line of longitude which passes through Greenwich near London, numbered zero, from which the other lines of longitude are calculated 本初子午线（通过伦敦附近之格林尼治的经线, 度数为零, 是计算东西经度的起点）. ,prime `minister chief minister in a government 首相; （政府）总理. ,prime `mover (a) fundamental source of power for providing movement, such as wind or water 原动力（产生动力的力, 如风力或水力）. (b) person who originates a plan, course of action, etc and has it put into practice （计画、 行动等的）发起者, 推动者: He was the prime mover in the revolt against the government. 他是这场反政府叛乱的煽动者. ,prime `number (mathematics 数) number which can be divided exactly only by itself and 1 (eg 7, 17, 41) 质数, 素数（只能被1和这个数本身整除的数, 如7、 17、 41）.

prime1
,prime `time (in broadcasting) time when the highest number of people are watching or listening （广播或电视的）黄金时间（观众或听众最多的时间）: [attrib 作定语] ,prime-time `advertising, `shows, `slots 安排在黄金时间播出的广告、 黄金时间的表演、 黄金时间.

primer
1[5praimE(r); 5priml] n (dated 旧) textbook for people just starting to study a subject 初级读本; 入门书: * a Latin primer 拉丁文入门.

primeval
(also primaeval)[prai'mi:vl; prai'mivl] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (a) of the earliest period of the history of the world 太古时代的: * primeval rocks 太古的岩石. (b) very ancient 远古的; 原始的: * primeval forests, ie natural forests, where trees have never been cut down 原始森林. (c) based on instinct rather than reason, as if from the earliest period of the human race 出於原始之天性的; 基於人类固有之本能的: * It aroused strange primeval yearnings in him. 这使他产生了奇怪的、 基於人类固有之本能的强烈欲望.

primitive
[5primitiv; 5primEtiv] adj 1 [usu attrib 通常作定语] of or at an early stage of social development 社会发展之早期的; 上古的; 原始的: * primitive culture, customs, tribes 原始文化、 习俗、 部落 * primitive man 原始人 * primitive weapons, eg bows and arrows, spears 原始的武器（如弓箭、 矛）. 2 (often derog 常作贬义) simple and unsophisticated, as if from an earlier period of history 简陋的; 原始性的: * They built a primitive shelter out of tree trunks. 他们用一些树干建造了一个简陋的棚子. * Living conditions in the camp were pretty primitive. 营地的生活条件甚为原始. 派生： primitive n (a) painter or sculptor of the period before the Renaissance 文艺复兴前的画家或雕刻家. (b) artist of the modern period who paints in a simple childlike style (as if) without any formal artistic training （现代的）原始派艺术家（绘画风格简单且带有稚气, 或似未经专业训练者）. (c) example of the work of a primitive 文艺复兴前的画家或雕刻家之作品; 现代的原始派艺术家之作品. primitively adv. primitiveness n [U].

primogeniture
[ 9praImEU5dVenItFE(r); ?@ -tFUEr;9praImo`dVZnEtFJr] n [U] 1 fact of being a first-born child 长嗣身分. 2 (also right of primogeniture) (law 律) system of inheritance by which an eldest son receives his parents' property 长子继承权.

primordial
[prai'mC:diEl; prai'mCrdiEl] adj [attrib 作定语] (fml 文) existing at or from the beginning, esp of the world or the universe; primeval （从）一开始便存在的（尤指世界或宇宙之始）; 原始的; 原生的: * The universe was created out of a primordial ball of matter. 宇宙是从一个本来就存在着的球体中产生出来的. > primordially[-diEli; -diEli] adv.

primp
[primp; primp] v (dated 旧) 1 [I, Tn] (derog 贬) tidy (oneself, one's hair, etc) in a fussy way 过於讲究地打扮（自己）、 整理（毛发等）: * primp and preen in front of a mirror 对着镜子精心打扮. 2 (phr v) primp oneself up make oneself look smart 把自己打扮得漂漂亮亮.

primrose
[5primrEuz; 5prim7roz] n 1 [C] (a) wild plant that has pale yellow flowers in spring 报春花. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page ii. (b) one of its flowers 一朵报春花. 2 [U] pale yellow colour 报春花色; 淡黄色. 3 (idm 习语) the primrose `path (rhet 修辞) the pursuit of pleasure or an easy life 对安乐或享受的追求: * the primrose path to ruin 因贪图享受而走向堕落的道路. 派生： primrose adj of a pale yellow colour 报春花色的; 淡黄色的.

primula
[5primjulE; 5primjulE] n any of various types of plant of the primrose family with clusters of flowers of various colours and sizes, commonly grown in gardens 报春花.

Primus
[5praimEs; 5praimEs] n (pl ~es) (also `primus stove) (propr 专利名) type of portable oil-burning stove for cooking on, used eg by campers 普赖默斯油炉（便携式燃油炉, 如野营使用的）.

prince
[prins; prins] n 1 (a) male member of a royal family who is not the king, esp (in Britain) a son or grandson of the sovereign 君王家族（除国王外）的男性成员; （在英国尤指）王子, 王孙: * the Prince of Wales, ie (in Britain, the title often given to the) heir to the throne 威尔士王储（英国常授予王位继承人的封号）. (b) hereditary royal ruler, esp of a small state 世袭的王室统治者（尤指小国的）: * Prince Rainier of Monaco 摩纳哥国王雷尼尔. (c) (in some countries) nobleman （某些国家的）贵族. 2 (fig 比喻) excellent or outstanding man in a particular field 某领域中的优秀的或杰出的人物: * Bocuse, a prince among chefs 博卡斯, 厨师中的佼佼者. 派生： princedom[-dEm; -dEm] n (a) [U] rank of a prince 君王家族男性成员的或小国君主的权位. (b) [C] area ruled by a prince(1b); principality 小国君主的领地; 公国; 候国; 封邑. princely adj (a) [usu attrib 通常作定语] of, like or ruled by a prince （似）王公贵族的; （似）王子王孙的; 王公贵族统治的: princely states 由王公贵族统治的小国. (b) (-ier, -iest) splendid or generous 豪华的; 慷慨的: a princely gift, sum 丰厚的礼物、 充裕的款项 * (ironic 反语) They paid me the princely sum of 50p. 他们付给我一笔50便士的巨款. princess/prin'ses; 5prin7ses] n (a) female member of a royal family who is not the queen, esp (in Britain) the daughter or granddaughter of the sovereign 君王家族（除女王或王后外）的女性成员; （在英国尤指）公主, 孙公主: * Princess Margaret 玛格丽特公主. (b) wife of a prince 王公贵族的夫人; 王妃. ,Princess `Royal (in Britain) (title often given to the) eldest daughter of the sovereign 大公主（英国常授予君主之长女的封号）. 复合： ,Prince `Consort (title often given to the) husband of a reigning queen 王夫（女王的丈夫）; 王夫的封号.

principal
[5prinsEpl; 5prinsEpl] adj [attrib 作定语] first in rank or importance; chief; main 级别最高的; 最重要的; 为首的; 主要的: * the principal members of the government 政府高级官员 * The Danube is one of the principal rivers of Europe. 多瑙河是欧洲的主要河流之一. * The principal aim of the policy is to bring peace to the area. 该政策的主要目的是为给这一地区带来和平. * The low salary is her principal reason for leaving the job. 工资太低是她辞去那工作的最重要的原因. * the principal beneficiaries of a will 遗嘱中继承遗产的主要受益人. Cf 参看 primary2. 派生： principal n 1 (title of the) person with the highest authority in an organization, esp in certain schools and colleges 某组织的最高领导人（之称号）; （尤指某些学校和学院的）校长, 院长: the Principal of St James' College 圣詹姆斯学院院长. 2 person who takes a leading part in a play, an opera, etc （话剧、 歌剧等中的）主角, 主要演员. 3 (usu sing 通常作单数) (finance 财) money lent or invested on which interest is paid; capital sum 本金; 资本: repay principal and interest 付还本金和利息. 4 person for whom another acts as his agent, eg in business or law 被代理人, 委托人（如於商务或法律事务等）: I must consult my prinicipals before agreeing to your proposal. 我得同委托人商量後才能接受你的建议. 5 (law 律) person directly responsible for a crime (contrasted with an accessory or abetter) 主犯. principally[-pli; -pli] adv for the most part; chiefly 多半; 主要地: * The dialect is spoken principally in the rural areas. 该方言主要通行於农村地区. * Weymouth is principally a holiday resort. 韦茅斯主要来说是个度假胜地. 复合： ,principal `boy leading male role in a pantomime, traditionally played by a woman 童话剧中的男主角（一向由女演员扮演）. ,principal `parts (in English) those forms of a verb (ie the infinitive, past tense and past participle) from which all other forms can be derived （英语中动词的）主要部分（即不定式、 过去式和过去分词）.

principal1
NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Note that principle is a noun relating to rules of behaviour 注意: principle是名词, 指行为的规范: She leads her life according to Christian principles. 她以基督教教义作为生活的准则. Principal is a (rather formal) adjective meaning `main' or `most important' *principal是（较文的）形容词, 意为‘主要的’或‘最重要的’: My principal concern is my family's welfare. 我至为关心的是我一家的幸福. * the principal objections to the proposal 对该项建议的主要反对意见. As a noun it is used for the director of certain educational institutions (usually in further education) 该词若用作名词则指某些教育机构（通常属继续教育性质）之领导人: The principal and the vice-principal of the college both attended the meeting. 学院的正副院长均出席了会议.

principality
[7prinsi'pAlEti; 7prinsE'pAlEti] n 1 country ruled by a prince 由王公贵族统治的小国; 公国; 侯国: * the principality of Monaco 摩纳哥公国. 2 the Principality [sing] (Brit) Wales 威尔士.

principle
[5prinsEpl; 5prinsEpl] n 1 [C] basic general truth that underlies sth (eg a subject or a system of morality) 原理; 原则: * a textbook which teaches the basic principles of geometry 讲解几何学基本原理的教科书 * the principle of equality of opportunity for all 人人机会均等的原则 * Discussing all these details will get us nowhere: * we must get back to first principles. 讨论这些枝节问题是毫无用处的, 我们必须回到基本原则上来. 2 (a) [C usu pl 通常作复数] guiding rule for personal behaviour （行为的）准则, 规范: * principles of conduct 行为的准则 * live according to/up to one's principles 按自己的标准行事 * She seems to have no principles at all (ie behaves immorally) when it is a question of making money. 一碰到赚钱的事, 她就好像完全不顾自己的人格了. * It would be against my principles to lie to you. 对你说假话是违背我的行为准则的. (b) [U] these rules 操守; 道义; 为人之道: * a woman of (high) principle 操守好的女人 * He is quite without principle, ie behaves immorally. 他完全没有道德观念（做的事不道德）. * It is a matter of principle with her to answer her children's questions honestly. 如实地答覆孩子们的询问对她来说是关系到做人的大问题. 3 [sing] general or scientific law shown in the way a thing works, or used as the basis for constructing a machine, etc （事物的）工作原理; （机器等的）构造原理: * These machines both work on the same principle. 这两台机器的工作原理是相同的. * The system works on the principle that heat rises. 该项装置是按照热力上升的原理运转的. =>Usage at principal 用法见principal. 4 (idm 习语) in principle (a) as far as basic principles are concerned 原则上: * There's no reason in principle why people couldn't travel to Mars, ie It is possible, though it has not yet been done. 从理论上讲, 没有理由认为人不能到火星上去（尽管目前还做不到, 但却是可能的）.

principle1
(b) in general but not in detail大体上; 基本上: * They have agreed to the proposal inprinciple but we still have to negotiate the terms. 他们基本上同意了那项提议, 但我们仍须商定条件. on principle because of one's (moral) principles or a fixed belief 依据自己的（道德）原则或所确定的信念: * Many people are opposed to the sale of arms on principle. 许多人根据自己的是非观反对出售武器. 派生： principled adj (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) based on or having (esp good) principles (principle 2) of behaviour 依据或有（尤指良好的）行为准则的; 按原则的; 有原则性的: a (high-)principled man 品格高尚的人 * low-principled behaviour 品格低下的行为 * I have no principled objection to it, ie no objection based on moral scruples. 从道德上来说, 我并不反对此事.

print
1[print; print] n 1 [U] letters, words, numbers, etc in printed form 印出的字母、 词、 数字等; 印刷字体: * Headlines are written in large print. 标题是用大号字体印刷的. * The print is too small for me to read without glasses. 印刷字体太小, 我不带眼镜就看不清. 2 [C] (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) mark left on a surface where sth has (been) pressed on it 印痕; 印记: * `fingerprints * `footprints. 3 [C] (a) picture or design made by printing from an inked surface （印成的）图画, 图案, 版画: * an old Japanese print 古老的日本版画 * a series of prints of London life 一组伦敦生活的画片. (b) photograph printed from a negative （由底片印出的）照片: * colour prints 彩色照片. 4 [U, C] printed cotton fabric 印花布: * She bought a/some flowery print to make a summer dress. 她买了一块[一些]有花卉图案的印花布做夏天的连衣裙. * [attrib 作定语] a print dress 印花布连衣裙. 5 (idm 习语) in print (a) (of a book) available for sale from the publisher （指书）已印好, 可买到: * Is that volume still in print? 那册书还能买到吗? (b) (of a person's work) printed in a book, newspaper, etc （指作品）已印出, 已出版: * It was the first time he had seen himself/his work in print. 这是他第一次看见自己的作品出版. ,out of `print (of a book) no longer available from the publisher （指书）已销售一空的, 绝版的: * Her first novel is out of print now but you may find a second-hand copy. 她的第一部小说现已绝版, 不过你可以找本旧的. rush into print => rush1. the small `print => small.

prior
1[5praiE(r); 5prail] adj [attrib 作定语] coming before in time, order or importance 较早的; 居先的; 较重要的: * They have a prior claim to the property, ie one which invalidates any other claim(s), eg because based on an earlier legal agreement. 他们有优先获得该房地产的权利（如根据先前的合法契约）. * My children have a prior claim on my time. 我的时间首先得用来照顾我的孩子. * I shall have to refuse your invitation because of a prior engagement. 我因有约在先, 所以只好谢绝你的邀请. * You need no prior knowledge to be able to do thistest. 不必预先学习, 就能做这项测试. Cf 参看 posterior 1. 复合： prior to prep (fml 文) before 在...之前: We received no notification prior to today's date, ie before today. 我们在今日之前未获通知.

priority
[prai'CrEti; - -'C:r-; prai'CrEti] n 1 [U] ~ (over sb/sth) (a) (state of) being more important (in rank) 居要位; 居领导地位: * Japan's priority (over other countries) in the field of microelectronics 日本在微电子学领域中的领先（於其他国家）. (b) right to have or do sth before others 优先权: * I have priority over you in my claim. 在要求此事方面, 我比你有优先权. (c) right to proceed ahead of other traffic （车辆的）优先通行权: * Vehicles coming from the right have priority. 从右边驶来的车辆享有优先通行权. 2 (a) [C] thing that is (regarded as) more important than others （被视为）优先的事物: * You must decide what your priorities are. 你应该分清轻重缓急. * Housework is low on her list of priorities. 在她那些非做不可的事情中, 家务活并不重要. * Rebuilding the area is a (top) priority. 重建这一地区是当务之急. (b) [U] ~ (over sth) high or top place among various things to be done （工作的）重点; 应优先解决的问题: * The Government gave (top) priority to reforming the legal system. 政府将改革法制列为工作的重点. * The search for a new vaccine took priority over all other medical research. 在各种医 研究中, 应首先解决寻找新疫苗的问题. * [attrib 作定语] Priority cases, such as homeless families, get dealt with first. 重点事项如缺房户问题, 要首先着手解决. 3 (idm 习语) get one's priorities right, wrong, etc know/not know what is most important and act accordingly 能[不能]按轻重缓急行事: * Your trouble is you've got your priorities back to front! 你因为本末倒置才出了麻烦!

prise
(also esp US prize)[praiz; praiz] v 1 [Tn.p, Cn.a] ~ sth off/up use force to open (a box, etc) or remove (a lid, etc) 强行打开（箱子等）或移去（盖等）: * She used a chisel to prise off the lid. 她用錾子来把盖子凿开. * The box had been prised open. 箱子撬开了. 2 (phr v) prise sth out of sb force sb to reveal sth 强迫某人披露某事物: * She'd promised not to talk, and nothing we could do could prise the information out of her. 她答应保守秘密, 无论我们用什麽方法她也不说出来. Cf 参看 pry2.

prism
[5prizEm; 5prizEm] n 1 solid geometric shape with ends that are parallel and of the same size and shape, and with sides that are parallelograms 柱（体）. 2 transparent object of this shape, usu triangular and made of glass, which breaks up ordinary light into the colours of the rainbow 柱体透明物; （通常指） 镜, 叁 镜. =>illus at spectrum 见spectrum插图.

prismatic
[priz'mAtik; priz'mAtik] adj 1 of, like or being a prism （似） 柱或 镜的; 柱形的. 2 (of colours) bright, clear and varied; rainbow-like （指色彩）光彩夺目的, 五光十色的. 3 that uses a prism 使用 镜的; 含 柱体的: * a prismatic compass 镜罗盘 * prismatic binoculars 镜式双目望远镜.

prison
[5prizn; 5prizn] n 1 [C] (a) place where people are kept locked up as a punishment for crimes they have committed or while awaiting trial 监狱; 看守所: * The prisons are overcrowded. 监狱人满为患. * A modern prison has replaced the Victorian one. 一所现代化的监狱取代了那所维多利亚时代的监狱. * [attrib 作定语] the prison population, ie the total number of prisoners in a country 监押人数（一个国家的囚犯总数）. (b) (derog 贬) place from which sb cannot escape 某人无法逃脱的地方; 牢笼: * Now that he was disabled, his house had become a prison to him. 因为他残废了, 他的房子就成了他的牢笼. * (fig 比喻) the prison of one's mind 思想上的束缚. 2 [U] being kept in a prison, esp as a punishment for crime; imprisonment 被监禁; （尤指）服刑; 坐牢: * She's gone to/is in prison. 她已入狱[在狱中]. * escape from, be released from, come out of prison 越狱、 释放、 出狱 * He was sent to prison for five years. 他判了五年监禁. * Does prison do anything to prevent crime? 采取关押方法对制止犯罪有作用吗? =>Usage at school1 用法见school1. 派生： prisoner n 1 (a) person kept in prison, as a punishment or awaiting trial 犯人; 囚犯; 被拘押的刑事被告: a prison built to hold 500 prisoners 可容纳500名囚犯的监狱 * political prisoners, ie those put in prison because of their political beliefs 政治犯（由於政治信仰而被监禁者） * Prisoner at the bar, do you plead guilty or not guilty? 接受审讯的刑事被告, 你认罪不认罪? (b) person, animal, etc that has been captured and is being kept in confinement; captive 被抓起来的人; 被捕获的动物等: You are our prisoner now and we won't release you until a ransom is paid. 你现已遭我们禁锢, 要到交出赎金以後, 才能放你走. * He spent two years as the prisoner of rebel soldiers in the mountains. 他被山里的叛军抓走有两年之久. *

prison1
(fig 比喻) The wretched man is the prisoner of (ie controlled by) his own greed. 这个坏家伙完全被贪心所支配. 2 (idm 习语) hold/take sbcaptive/prisoner => captive. ,prisoner of `conscienceperson kept in prison because of an act of social or political protest 政治犯（因从事社会或政治反抗活动而被监禁的人）. ,prisoner of `war (abbr 缩写 POW) person (usu a member of the armed forces) captured during a war by the enemy and kept in prison (usu a prison camp) until the end of the war 战俘. 复合： `prison camp guarded camp where prisoners, esp prisoners of war or political prisoners, are kept 集中营, 劳改营（尤指监禁战俘或政治犯的）.

prissy
[5prisi; 5prisi] adj (-ier, -iest) (derog 贬) annoyinglyprecise and fussy, and (claiming to be) easily shocked by improper things 谨小慎微的; 过於认真的; 大惊小怪的. > prissily adv. prissiness n [U].

pristine
[5pristi:n, also 'pristain; 5pristin] adj 1 (a) in its original condition; unspoilt 原始状态的; 未受损的: * a pristine copy of the book's first edition 保持第一版之原貌的一本书. (b) (approv 褒) fresh and clean, as if new 新鲜而纯净的; 清新的: * in pristine condition 处於全新的状况 * The ground was covered in a pristine layer of snow. 地上覆盖着一层皑皑积雪. 2 [attrib 作定语] (rhet 修辞) primitive; ancient 原始的; 远古的: * a remnant of some pristine era 某原始时期的残迹.

privacy
[5privEsi, 'praiv-; 5praivEsi] n [U] 1 state of being alone or undisturbed 独处或不受干扰的状况: * A high wall round the estate protected their privacy. 庄园周围有一堵高墙, 使他们不受外界打扰. * He preferred to read the documents in the privacy of his study. 他比较喜欢在书房里无干扰的情况下阅读文件. 2 freedom from interference or public attention 不受干扰或不受公众注目的自由; 私人权利; 个人自由: * Newspapers often don't respect the individual's right to privacy. 报纸的报道往往不尊重私人权利. * She complained that the questions were an invasion of (her) privacy. 她投诉这些问题侵犯了她的个人自由.

private
[5praivit; 5praivit] adj 1 [esp attrib 尤作定语] of, belonging to or for the use of one particular person or group only; personal 私人的; 私有的; 私用的; 个人的: * father's own private chair, which no one else is allowed to use 父亲专用的椅子, 别人一概不许使用 * a private letter, ie about personal matters 私人信件 * private property 私有财产 * a private income/private means, ie money not earned as a salary, etc but coming from personal property, investments, etc 私产所得（由个人财产、 投资等获得而非来自工资等之收入） * private fishing 私人捕鱼活动 * `Is this a hotel?’ `No, it's a private house.’ ‘这是旅馆吗?’‘不是, 这是私人住宅.’ 2 (a) not (to be) revealed to others; secret 不公开的; 秘密的: * I'm not going to tell you about it; it's private. 我不打算把此事告诉你; 这是私事. * That's my private opinion. 这是我私下持有的见解. (b) not liking to share thoughts and feelings with others 不喜欢与他人交流思想感情的: * He's a rather private person. 他不太喜欢和别人交流思想感情. 3 (of a conversation, meeting, etc) with only a small number of participants, esp two, and kept secret from others （指谈话、 会议等）只有少数人（尤指两人）参加并对其他人保密的: * I'd like a private chat with you. 我想跟你私下谈谈. 4 (a) (of a place) quiet and free from intruders （指场所）清静的, 不受侵扰的: * Let's find some private spot where we can discuss the matter. 咱们找个清静的地方谈谈这个问题吧. (b) [usu pred 通常作表语] (of people) undisturbed by others; alone together （指人们）不受他人打扰; 无外人: * Let's go upstairs where we can be a bit more private. 咱们上楼吧, 那里没什麽外人. 5 (a) [attrib 作定语] having no official job or position 无官方职务或职位的: * She is acting as a private individual in this matter. 她在这个问题上只代表她个人意见.

private1
* a private citizen 平民. (b) not connected with one's work or official position 与工作或官职无关的: * The Queen is making a private visit to Canada. 女王正对加拿大进行私人访问. * The public is fascinated by the private lives of public figures. 公众对社会名流的私生活具有浓厚的兴趣. 6 of, belonging to or carried out by an individual or an independent company rather than the State; not state-controlled 个体（经营）的; 私营的; 民办的; 不受国家控制的: * private industry 私营企业 * the private sector, ie of the economy 私营部门 * private education, medicine, medical treatment, etc 民办教育、 私人行医、 民间疗法 * a private school 私立学校 * a private patient, ie (in Britain) not on the National Health Service 自费病人（英国不享受国民保健署资助者） * a private pension plan 私营企业的养老金制 * a private detective/investigator, ie one not employed by the police 私人侦探. Cf 参看 public. 派生： private n 1 [C] soldier of the lowest rank 士兵; 列兵: He enlisted as a private. 他入伍当了士兵. * Private Smith 列兵史密斯. =>App 9 见附录9. 2 privates [pl] (infml 口) = private parts. 3 (idm 习语) in private with no one else present 无他人在场; 私下地: She asked to see him in private. 她请求单独与他见面. privately adv: The matter was arranged privately. 事情已私下作了安排. * He supported the official policy in public, but privately he knew it would fail. 他在公开的场合里拥护官方的政策, 而在私下里却明白那是行不通的. * a privately-owned firm 私有的公司. 复合： ,private `company business firm that does not issue shares to the general public 私人公司（不向公众发行股票者）; 股份不公开公司. ,private `enterprise management of business byindependent companies or private individuals, as opposedto state control 私营企业. ,private `eye (infml 口) private detective 私人侦探.

private2
,private `member (Brit) member of the House of Commons who is not a minister 普通议员（下议院中非内阁成员者）. ,private `member's bill bill presented to Parliament by a private member 普通议员向议会提交的法案. ,private `parts (euph 婉) genitals 私处, 阴部（生殖器）. ,private `soldier (fml 文) = private n 1.

privateer
[7praivE'tiE(r); 7praivE'tir] n (formerly) (captainof or sailor on a) ship used for attacking and robbing other ships; pirate (ship) （旧时）（用来攻击和劫掠其他船只的）私人武装船, 私掠船, 私掠船的船长或船员, 海盗（船）.

privation
[prai'veiFn; prai'veFEn] n (fml 文) 1 [C usu pl, U 作可数名词时通常作复数, 亦作不可数名词] lack of things necessary for life; deprivation （生活必需品的）匮乏; 贫困: * The survivors suffered many privations before they were rescued. 那些生还者在获救以前备尝艰辛. * a life of privation and misery 贫苦的生活. 2 [C] state of being deprived of sth (not necessarily sth essential) （某事物之）被剥夺（不一定为必需之事物）; 丧失: * She didn'tfind the lack of a car any great privation. 她觉得没有汽车并非重大缺憾. * It would be the greatest imaginable privation for her to have to leave London. 对她来说, 不得不离开伦敦大概是能想像到的最大的损失.

privatize, privatise
[5praivitaiz; 5praivEt7aiz] v [Tn] transfer (sth) from state ownership to private ownership; denationalize 将（某物）由国家所有转为私人所有; 使（某物）私有化. Cf 参看 nationalize 1. > privatization,-isation[7praivitai'zeiFn; - -ti'z-; 7praivEtE'zeFEn] n [U]: * the privatization of the steel industry 钢铁工业的私有化.

privet
[5privit; 5privit] n [U] evergreen bush with small leaves and small white flowers, often used for garden hedges 女贞（常绿灌木, 长有小叶子, 开小白花, 常用作园篱）: * [attrib 作定语] a privet hedge 女贞树篱.

privilege
[5privElidV; 5privlidV] n 1 (a) [C] special right or advantage available only to a particular person, class or rank, or to the holder of a certain position 特有的权利、 利益或好处: * Parking in this street is the privilege of the residents. 在这条街上停车是此处居民特有的权利. * the privileges of birth, eg the benefits of belonging to a wealthy family 与生俱来的优越（如生於富贵之家而有的利益）. (b) [U] (derog 贬) rights and advantages possessed by the rich and powerful people in a society （有钱有势者的）特权, 特别待遇: * They fought against privilege in order to create a fairer society. 他们进行反对特权的斗争以便建立较为公平的社会. * She had led a life of luxury and privilege. 她过着养尊处优的生活. 2 [C] (a) special benefit given to sb as a favour 特别给予的好处或待遇: * Older pupils enjoy special privileges. 岁数较大的学童受到优待. * `Thank you for showing us your collection of paintings.’ `It's my privilege (ie I am honoured to do so).’ ‘感谢你让我们观赏你所收藏的画.’‘同欢共赏, 不胜荣幸.’ * Use of the library is a privilege, not a right. 使用该图书馆是一项特殊的照顾,而不是一种权利. (b) thing that gives one great enjoymentand that most people do not have the opportunity to do 特别的荣幸: * It was a privilege to hear her sing/hearing her sing. 能听她唱歌十分荣幸. 3 [C, U] right to do or say things without risking punishment （无受惩之虞的）言行自由权: * an Act which granted the trade unions certain legal privileges 特准工会享有某些合法言行自由权的法案 * parliamentary privilege, ie the right of Members of Parliament to say things in the House of Commons which might result in an accusation of libel if said outside it 议会言论自由权（国会议员在下议院自由发言的特权, 若在国会以外发表则可能被控以诽谤罪） * a breach of privilege, ie breaking the rules of parliamentary behaviour 违反议会言论自由权.

privilege1
派生： privileged adj 1 (a) (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) having privilege(s) 享有特权的; 享受特殊待遇的; 获得优待的: She came from a privileged background. 她出身於特权阶层. * a policy of making higher education available to all and not just a privileged few 使高等教育面向全民而并非少数人的特权的一项政策. (b) [pred 作表语] honoured 荣幸: We are very privileged to have Senator Dobbs with us this evening. 今晚有多布斯参议员光临, 我们感到十分荣幸. 2 that need not be revealed; legally secret 无须公开的; 有权保守秘密的: a privileged communication 特许保密通讯 * This information is privileged. 这项消息无须公开.

privy
[5privi; 5privi] adj 1 [attrib 作定语] (arch 古) private; secret 个人的; 私人的; 秘密的: * a privy matter 私事. 2 [pred 作表语] ~ to sth (fml 文) sharing in the secret of sth 私下知情; 参与秘事: * They were accused of being privy to the plot against the king. 他们被控欺君谋反、 知情不举. * I wasn't privy to the negotiations. 我对那些谈判并不知情. 派生： privily adv (arch 古) privately; secretly 私下地; 秘密地. privy n primitive lavatory, esp out of doors 简陋厕所（尤指室外的）. 复合： ,Privy `Council body of statesmen, politicians, etc appointed by the sovereign formerly as advisers on affairs of State, but now (in Britain) more as a personal honour for its members 枢密院. ,Privy `Councillor (also ,Privy `Counsellor) member of the Privy Council 枢密院官员. ,privy `purse amount of money given by the British government for the Sovereign's private expenses （英国政府拨付给国君的）私用金. ,privy `seal British national seal formerly fixed to documents of minor importance （英国的）王玺（旧时用於次要的文件上）: Lord Privy Seal, ie the senior British government minister without official duties （英国）掌玺大臣（无正式职务的资深官员）.

pro forma
[7prEu 'fC:mE; pro'fCrmE] adj, adv as a matter of convention 作为惯例; 形式上（的）. 派生： pro forma (also pro forma invoice) invoice that gives details of goods that have been sent, but does not request payment 形式发票, 估价单（开列所发货物之清单, 但不要求付款）.

pro rata
[7prEu 'ra:tE; pro'ratE] adj, adv (fml 文) proportional(ly) 成比例（的）: * If production costs go up, there will be a pro rata increase in prices/prices will increase pro rata. 若生产成本增加, 则价格也要相应提高.

pro tem
[7prEu 'tem; pro'tem] abbr 缩写 = (infml 口) for the time being; temporarily (Latin pro tempore) 暂时, 临时（源自拉丁文pro tempore）: * This arrangement will have to do pro tem. 暂时只好这样安排.

probability
[7prCbE'bilEti; 7prabE'bilEti] n 1 [U] likelihood 可能性: * There is little probability of his succeeding/that he will succeed. 他不大可能成功. * What is the probability of its success? 其成功的可能性如何? 2 [C] thing that is (most) probable; probable event or result （很）可能有的事物; 可能发生的事; 可能出现的结果: * What are the probabilities? 可能发生什麽事? * A fall in interest rates is a probability in the present economic climate. 从目前的经济情势看, 很有可能降低利率. 3 [C] (mathematics 数) ratio expressing the chances that a certain event will occur 概率; 或然率. 4 (idm 习语)in ,all proba`bility very probably 极有可能: * In all probability he's already left. 他很可能已经离开了.

probable
[5prCbEbl; 5prabEbl] adj that may be expected to happen or to be so; likely 有望发生或实现的; 可能的: * With England leading 3-0, the probable result is an England victory/England are the probable winners. 由於英格兰队以3比0领先, 最後的结果可能是英格兰队获胜[英格兰队可能成为优胜者]. * Rain is possible but not probable this evening. 今晚可能有雨, 但不一定准下. * It seems probable that he will arrive before dusk. 他似乎有可能黄昏前到达. 派生： probable n ~ (for sth) person or thing most likely to be chosen, eg for a sports team or as the winner; probable candidate, winner, etc 很有可能被选中（如选拔运动队员）的人; 很有可能获胜的人; 大有希望的候选者、 竞争者等: He is a probable for the national team. 他很有可能被选入国家队. * The book is a probable for the prize. 该书很有希望获奖. probably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv almost certainly 几乎肯定; 很可能; 大概: * He's late he's probably stuck in a traffic jam. 他迟到了--很可能是由於交通阻塞耽误了. * `Will you be coming?’ `Probably.’ ‘你来吗?’‘很可能来.’ * `Can he hear us?’ `Probably not.’ ‘他听得见我们的话吗?’‘大概听不见.’

probate
[5prEubeit; 5probet] n (law 律) 1 [U] official process of proving that a will is correct 遗嘱检验; 遗嘱认证: * apply for/take out probate 申请检验遗嘱 * grant probate 通过对遗嘱的认证 * [attrib 作定语] a probate court 遗嘱检验法庭. 2 [C] copy of a will with an official certificate that it is correct 经认证的遗嘱. 派生： probate v [Tn] (US) = prove 2.

probation
[prE'beiFn; - prEu-; pro'beFEn] n [U] 1 (law 律) (system of) keeping an official check on the behaviour of (esp young) people found guilty of crime as an alternative to sending them to prison 缓刑（制）（尤指对年轻犯人施行的）: * sentenced to three years' probation被判处缓刑叁年. 2 testing of a person's abilities or behaviour to find out if he or she is suitable （对人的）试用（期）: * There's a three-month period of probation/probationperiod for new recruits. 新加入的人员有叁个月试用期. 3 (idm 习语) on probation (a) (of a law-breaker) undergoing a period of probation(1) （指违法者）服缓刑: * He's been released from prison on probation, ie If he does not behave satisfactorily he will be sent back. 他获释服缓刑（若表现不好则重新收监）. (b) being tested before being finally accepted in employment, etc （受雇者）在试用期中. 派生： probationary/prE'beiFnri; - prEu'beiFEneri; pro'beFEn7eri] adj of or for probation 缓刑的; （指人）试用的: * a probationary period 试用期. probationer[-FEnE(r); -FEnl] n 1 hospital nurse beingtrained and still on probation(2) 见习护士. 2 law-breakersentenced to a period of probation(1) or released from prison on probation 缓刑犯; 获释而服缓刑者. 复合： pro`bation officer person whose job is to supervise law-breakers who are on probation 监视缓刑犯的官员; 缓刑监督官.

probe
[prEub; prob] n 1 tool for examining a place whichcannot be reached otherwise, esp a thin implement with a blunt end used by a doctor for examining a wound 探查工具; 探测器; （尤指医生用的）探子, 探针. 2 (also `space probe) unmanned spacecraft which obtains information about space and transmits it back to earth 航天探测器（一种不载人的宇宙飞船, 用以搜集有关宇宙的资料, 并发送回地球）: * information about Venus obtained by Russian probes 由俄国航天探测器获得的有关金星的信息. 3 ~ (into sth) (esp in journalism) thorough and careful investigation of sth （尤作新闻用语）探究, 深入的调查: * a probe into the disappearance of government funds 对政府资金流失一事的调查. 4 act of probing 探查; 探测; 调查. 派生： probe v 1 [Tn] explore or examine (sth) with or as if with a probe(1) （用或似用探针等）探查, 探测: He probed the swelling anxiously with his finger. 他很担心地用手指触摸肿处. * Searchlights probed the night sky. 探照灯探查夜空. 2 [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (into sth) investigate or examine (sth) closely 细查, 探究（某事物）: The journalist was probing into several financial scandals. 那记者正在调查几起财务丑事. * She tried to probe his mind to find out what he was thinking. 她想深入了解他的思想, 好知道他在想什麽. probing adj intended to discover the truth; searching 追根究底的; 探索的: He was asking probing questions. 他提出了一些盘根究底的问题. probingly adv.

probity
[5prEubEti; 5probEti] n [U] (fml 文) quality of being honest and trustworthy; integrity 正直; 诚实; 刚正不阿.

problem
[5prCblEm; 5prablEm] n 1 thing that is difficult to deal with or understand 难以处理的事情; 难以了解的事物; 难题: * How do you cope with the problem of poor vision? 怎样解决视力不好这一难题呢? * a knotty problem 错综复杂的事情 * get to the root/heart of a problem 触及问题的根本[核心] * We've got a problem with the car it won't start! 我们的汽车出故障了--发动不起来! * You'll have to mend that leak or it will cause problems later. 你得修补那个裂缝, 不然以後会出问题. * the housing problem in the inner cities 城市中心区的住房问题 * (infml 口) `Will you be able to get me tickets for the match?’ `Of course, no problem (ie I shall easily be able to).’ ‘你能给我弄到比赛的票吗?’‘当然可以, 没问题.’ * `I can't come to the party.’ `Why, what's the problem?’ ‘我不能来参加聚会.’‘呦, 怎麽了?’ * [attrib 作定语] a problem novel, play, etc, ie one dealing with a social or moral problem 问题小说、 问题剧（探讨社会或道德问题的） * a newspaper's problem page, iewith readers' letters about their problems, and suggestedsolutions 报纸的读者问题专版. 2 question to be answered or solved （待答覆或待解决的）问题: * a mathematical problem 数学题 * She has found the answer to/solved the problem. 她找到了那问题的答案[解决了那个难题]. 派生： problematic[7prCblE'mAtik; 7prablE'mAtik] (also problematical) adj 1 difficult to deal with or to understand 难处理的; 难了解的; 成问题的; 疑难的. 2 (esp of a result) that cannot be foreseen; doubtful or questionable （尤指结果）难以预料的; 有疑问的; 令人不解的. problematically[-kli; -kli] adv. 复合： `problem child child who continually behaves badly, does not learn well, etc 有问题的儿童（一贯行为不端、 功课不佳等的）.

proboscis
[prE'bCsis; prE'basis] n (pl ~es[-sisi:z;-sisiz] ) 1 (a) elephant's trunk 象的鼻子. (b) long flexible nose of certain animals, eg the tapir 某些动物（如貘）的能弯曲的长鼻. 2 elongated part of the mouth of certain insects, used for sucking things 某些昆虫用以吸食的长嘴; 吻部.

procedure
[prE'si:dVE(r); prE'sidVl] n 1 [C, U] (regular) order or way of doing things, esp in business, law, politics, etc 程序（尤指工商、 法律、 政治等事务的）: * (the) agreed/correct/established/normal/usual procedure商定的[正确的/确定的/正常的/一般的]程序 * Stop arguing about (questions of) procedure and let's get down to business. 别再为程序（问题）争辩了, 咱们着手议正事吧. * parliamentary procedure 议会议事程序. 2 [C] ~ (for sth) action or series of actions (to be) completed in order to achieve sth 办事程序; 手续; 步骤: * Registering a birth or death is a straightforward procedure. 登记出生或死亡的手续很简单. * Obtaining a refund from the company is a complicated procedure. 向公司索取退款手续很复杂. * What's the procedure for opening a bank account? 在银行开个帐户要办什麽手续? 派生： procedural/prE'si:dVErEl; prE'sidVErEl] adj of procedure(s) 程序上的; 手续的: * The business of the committee was delayed by procedural difficulties. 委员会的事务因程序上有困难而耽搁了.

proceed
[prE'si:d, prEu-; prE'sid, pro-] v 1 (a) [I, Ipr, It] ~ (to sth) go to a further or the next stage; go on 继续前进; 继续进行; 继续下去: * Work is proceeding slowly. 工作正在慢慢地继续进行着. * What is the best way of proceeding? 最好采取什麽方式继续下去? * Let us proceed (to the next item on the agenda). 让我们继续进行（下一个议程）吧. * Having said how much she liked it, she then proceeded to criticize the way I'd done it. 她先表明她非常喜欢这个, 然後批评我方法不当. (b) [Ipr] (fml 文) make one's way; go 前进; 行进: * I was proceedingalong the High Street in a northerly direction when... 我那时正沿着大街向北去, 走着走着.... (c) [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) begin or continue (sth) 开始或继续做（某事物）: * Please proceed with your report. 请继续作你的报告吧. * Shall we proceed with the planned investment? 我们着手进行有计画的投资好吗? 2 [Ipr] ~ against sb (law 律) take legal action against sb; start a lawsuit against sb 起诉某人; 对某人提起诉讼. 3 [Ipr] ~ from sth (fml 文) arise or originate from sth 由某事物引起; 源於某事物: * the evils that proceed from war 战争所带来的灾祸. 4 [Ipr] ~ to sth (fml 文) go on to obtain a higher university degree after obtaining a first degree （获得学士学位後）攻读高级学位: * He was allowed to proceed to an MA. 他获准攻读文学硕士学位.

proceedings
[prE'si:diNz; prE'sidiNz] n [pl] 1 ~ (against sb/for sth) lawsuit 诉讼（程序）: * start proceedings (against sb) for divorce 提出（与某人）离婚的诉讼 * institute divorce proceedings 提出离婚诉讼. 2 what takes place, esp at a meeting, ceremony, etc 进程; 过程; （尤指会议、 仪式等的）议程: * The proceedings will begin with a speech to welcome the guests. 大会议程首先 是向来宾致欢迎辞. * The proceedings were interrupted by the fire alarm. 会议的进程被火灾警报打断了. 3 ~ (of sth) (published) report or record of a discussion, meeting, conference, etc; minutes （讨论会、 会议、 大会等的）报道, 记录, 公报, 纪要: * His paper was published in the proceedings of the Kent Archaeological Society. 他的论文已在肯特考古学会学报上发表.

process
1[5prEuses; - 'prCses; 5prases] n 1 [C] series of actions or operations performed in order to do, make or achieve sth 步骤; 程序; 过程: * Unloading the cargo was a slow process. 卸货的过程很缓慢. * Reforming the education system will be a difficult process. 改革教育制度将是一个艰难的过程. * Teaching him Greek was a painful (ie slow and difficult) process. 教他希腊文是很吃力的事. 2 [C] method, esp one used in industry to make sth 方法; （尤指）工艺流程: * the Bessemer process of steel production 贝塞麦炼钢法 * They have developed a new process for rustproofing car bodies. 他们研究出了车身抗的新方法. 3 [C] (series of) changes, esp ones that happen naturally and unconsciously 变化（过程）（尤指自然发生的和不知不觉的）: * the processes of digestion/the digestive processes 消化过程 * the process of growing old 逐渐变老的过程. 4 [C] (law 律) (a) legal action; lawsuit 诉讼. (b) summons; writ 传票; 法院令状. 5 [C] (biology 生) small projecting part of a plant or of the body of an animal （动植物体上的）小的凸起部分, 突, 突起. 6 (idm 习语) in the `process while doing sth previously mentioned 在进行中: * I started moving the china ornaments but dropped a vase in the process. 我动手搬那些瓷制饰物, 但在移动时摔了一只花瓶. in the process of sth/doing sth performing a particular task 在从事某任务的过程中: * We're still in the process of moving house. 我们还正在搬着家呢. 派生： process v [Tn] 1 put (a raw material, food, etc) through an industrial or manufacturing process in order to change it; treat 对（原材料、 食物等）进行加工; 处理: process leather to make it softer 鞣制皮革使其变得柔软 * processed cheese, ie specially treated to preserve it经加工的乾酪（以便保存） * process (ie develop) photographic film 冲洗摄影胶片. 2 deal with (a document, etc) officially 审查, 审阅, 处理（文件等）: It may take a few weeks for your application to be processed. 审查你的申请书也许要等几个星期.

process1
3 perform operations on (sth) in a computer 用计算机处理（某事物）: How fast does the new micro process the data? 这新微型计算机处理数据有多快? processor n machine that processes things 加工机械; 处理机: a food processor 食品加工机. Cf 参看 microprocessor.

procession
[prE'seFn; prE'seFEn] n 1 [C] (a) number of people, vehicles, etc moving along in an orderly way, esp as part of a ceremony or demonstration （人、 车等的）行列; （尤指仪式或游行之）队伍: * a `funeral procession送葬行列 * The procession moved slowly down the hill. 游行队伍缓慢地走下坡路. (b) (fig 比喻) large number of people who come one after the other 川流不息的人群: * A procession of visitors came to the house. 参观者川流不息地向这所房子走来. 2 [U] action of moving forward in this way 列队行进: * The congregation entered the church in procession. 教徒们排着队进入教堂. 派生： processional[-FEnl; -FEnl] adj of, for or used in a (religious) procession （宗教）行列的; 适於列队行进的; 列队行进时用的. processional n processional hymn 教徒列队行进时唱的圣诗.

proclaim
[prE'kleim; prE'klem] v 1 [Tn, Tf, Tw, Cn.n] make (sth) known officially or publicly; announce 宣告, 公布（某事物）; 声明: * proclaim the good news 宣布好消息 * proclaim a public holiday 宣布定某日为公众假日 * After its independence India was proclaimed (ie officially declared to be) a republic. 印度独立之後宣布成立共和国. 2 [Tf, Cn.n] (fml 文) show (sth) clearly; reveal 表明（某事物）; 显示: * His accent proclaimed him a Scot/that he was a Scot. 他的口音表明他是苏格兰人. 派生： proclamation[7prCklE'meiFn; 7praklE'meFEn] n 1 [U] action of proclaiming 宣告; 公布; 声明: * by public proclamation 公开声明. 2 [C] thing that is proclaimed 公告; 布告; 声明: * issue/make a proclamation 发布公告.

proclivity
[prE'klivEti; pro'klivEti] n ~ (for/to/towardssth/doing sth) (fml 文) natural inclination to do sth (esp sth bad); tendency 倾向性（尤指坏的）; 癖性: * a proclivity towards sudden violent outbursts 动不动就发火的癖性 * his unusual sexual proclivities 他对性方面的异常癖好.

procrastinate
[prEu'krAstineit; pro'krAstE7net] v [I] (fml derog 文, 贬) delay or postpone action 拖延; 耽搁; 因循: * He procrastinated until it was too late to do anything at all. 他因循坐误, 一事无成. 派生： procrastination/prEu7krAsti'neiFn; pro7krAstE'neFEn] n 1 [U] (fml derog 文, 贬) procrastinating 拖延; 耽搁; 因循. 2 (idm 习语) procrastination is the thief of `time (saying 谚) procrastinating wastes time 因循延宕是时间的窃贼（拖延就是浪费时间）.

procreate
[5prEukrieit; 5prokri7et] v [I] (fml 文) reproduce offspring sexually 生育; 生殖. > procreation/ 9prEUkrI5eIFn; 9prokrI`eFEn/ n [U].

proctor
[5prCktE(r); 5praktl] n 1 (Brit) (at the universities of Oxford and Cambridge) either of two officials with responsibility for discipline （牛津和剑桥大学的）学监（共两名, 主管纪律）. 2 (US) person responsible for supervising students in an examination, esp so that they do not cheat 监考人.

procurator fiscal
[7prCkjureitE 'fiskl; 7prakjE7retl'fiskEl] (in Scotland) public official whose job is to decide whether sb suspected of crime should be prosecuted （苏格兰）地方检察官.

procure
[prE'kjuE(r); prE'kjur] v 1 [Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (for sb) (fml 文) obtain sth, esp with care or effort; acquire 取得某事物（尤指费心或费力）; 获得: * The book is out of print and difficult to procure. 那书已绝版, 很难弄到手. * Can you procure some specimens for me/procure me some specimens? 你能替我弄到一些标本吗? * He was responsible for procuring supplies for the army. 他的职责是为部队采办军需品. 2 [I, Tn, Dn.pr] ~ sb (for sb) (derog 贬) find (prostitutes) for clients 为宿娼者介绍（娼妓）; 拉皮条: * He was accused of procuring women for his business associates. 他被指控为其生意合伙人招妓. 派生： procurement n [U] (fml 文) obtaining 获得: the procurement of goods, raw materials, supplies, weapons 货物、 原料、 供应品、 武器之获得. procurer[-'kjuErE(r); -'kjurl] (fem 阴性作 procuress[- 5kjUErIs; -`kjJrIs/) n (derog 贬) person who finds prostitutes for clients 拉皮条者.

prod
[prCd; prad] v (-dd-) 1 [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (at sb/sth) push or poke (sb/sth) with a finger or some other pointed object （用手指或其他尖物）刺, 戳, 捅（某人[某物]）: * They prodded (at) the animal through the bars of its cage. 他们隔着笼子的栏杆用尖东西捅那动物. =>Usage at nudge 用法见nudge. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.t] ~ sb (into/doing sth) (infml 口) (try to) make (a slow or unwilling person) do sth; urge （试图）促使或推动（某人）做某事; 激励: * She is a fairly good worker, but she needs prodding occasionally. 她干起活来倒是相当不错, 不过有时需要加以督促. * He needs a crisis to prod him into action. 他要事到临头才被迫采取行动. * I shall have to prod him to pay me what he owes. 我将不得不催促他把欠我的钱还给我. 派生： prod n 1 poke or thrust 刺; 戳; 捅: She gave the man a prod with her umbrella. 她用伞捅了那男子一下. 2 (infml 口) stimulus to action 激励; 激发; 促进; 推动: If you don't receive an answer quickly, give them a prod.你要是不能很快得到答覆, 不妨催他们一下. 3 instrument for prodding 刺或戳所用的工具. prodding n [U] action of prodding 刺; 戳; 捅; 激励; 促进: A little gentle prodding may be necessary at this stage. 在这一阶段或有必要稍微督促一下.

prodigal
[5prCdigl; 5pradigl] adj 1 (fml derog 文, 贬) spending money or resources too freely; extravagant 浪费的; 铺张的; 挥霍的: * a prodigal administration 铺张浪 费的行政机关 * prodigal housekeeping 大手大脚的持家之道. 2 ~ (of sth) (fml 文) generous or lavish (with sth) 慷慨的; 不吝惜的: * Nature is prodigal of her gifts. 大自然不吝惜其恩赐. 3 (idm 习语) the prodigal (son) person who leaves his home or community to lead a life of pleasure or extravagance, but who later regrets this and returns home 回头的浪子: * the return of the prodigal son 浪子的回头 * So, the prodigal has returned! 这麽说, 浪子回头了! 派生： prodigality[7prCdi'gAlEti; 7pradi'gAlEti] n [U] (fml 文) (a) (derog 贬) wasteful spending; extravagance 浪费; 铺张; 挥霍. (b) generosity; lavishness 慷慨; 大方: * the prodigality of the sea, ie in providing fish 海洋的富饶（大量鱼产）. prodigally[-gEli; -gli] adv: * use resources prodigally 浪费资源.

prodigious
[prE'didVEs; prE'didVEs] adj very great in size, amount or degree, so as to cause amazement or admiration; enormous （在体积、 数量或程度上）大得令人惊叹; 巨大的: * a prodigious achievement 巨大的成就 * It cost a prodigious amount (of money). 这用了一笔巨款. > prodigiously adv: * The costs are mounting prodigiously. 价格扶摇直上, 令人吃惊. * She is a prodigiously talented pianist. 她是才华横溢的钢琴家.

prodigy
[5prCdidVi; 5pradEdVi] n 1 person with unusual or remarkable qualities or abilities （在素质或能力上）了不起的人; 奇才; 天才: * a child/infant prodigy, ie one who is unusually talented for his age, eg in music or mathematics 天才儿童[神童]（如在音乐或数学方面早慧者）. 2 (rhet 修辞) (a) amazing or wonderful thing, esp a natural phenomenon 令人惊异的事物（尤指自然现象）; 奇观: * the prodigies of nature 大自然的奇观. (b) ~ of sth outstanding example of sth 某方面的出类拔萃者: * The man is a prodigy of learning, ie knows a lot. 此人学识渊博.

produce
[prE'dju:s; - -'du:s; prE'dus] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) create sth by making, manufacturing, growing, etc 制造、 生产、 出产或创造某事物: * America produced more cars this year than last year. 美国今年生产的汽车比去年多. * She has produced very little (work) recently. 她近来作品很少. * Linen is produced from flax. 亚麻布是以亚麻纤维为原料制造的. * He worked hard to produce good crops from poor soil. 他辛勤耕作, 为使瘠薄的土地上长出好庄稼. * a well-produced book, ie one that is printed, bound, etc well 印制得很好的书. 2 [Tn] cause (sth) to occur; create 引起（某事物）; 产生: * The medicine produced a violent reaction. 这药物引起了剧烈的反应. * His announcement produced gasps of amazement. 他宣布的消息引起了一片惊叹声. 3 [I, Tn] bear or yield (offspring or crops) 生育（子女）; 产（仔）; 出产（农产品）: * The silkworms are producing well. 这些蚕的吐丝量很大. * The cow has produced a calf. 这母牛生了一头小牛. * The soil produces good crops. 这种土壤能长出好庄稼来. * The cows are producing a lot of milk. 这些母牛的产奶量很大. 4 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from/out of sth) bring out or show sth so that it can be examined or used 拿出或出示某事物（以供检验或使用）: * produce a railway ticket for inspection 出示火车票以供查验 * The man produced a revolver from his pocket. 那人从衣袋里掏出一支左轮手枪. * He can produce evidence to support his allegations. 他能提出证据以表明他的指控属实. 5 [Tn] arrange the performance of (a play, an opera, etc) or the making of (a film, TV programme, record, etc) 安排上演（戏剧、 歌剧等）; 制作（影片、 电视节目、 唱片等）: * She is producing `Romeo and Juliet' at the local theatre. 她正在当地的剧院里安排演出《罗密欧与朱丽叶》. * He hopes to find the money to produce a film about Japan. 他希望筹集到资金以便拍一部关於日本的影片.

produce1
6 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sth) (mathematics 数) make (a line) longer (so that it reaches a particular point) 将（一线）延长（至某点）: * produce the line AB to C 把线段AB延长到C点. 派生： produce[5prCdju:s; - -du:s; 5pradus] n [U] things that have been produced (produce 1), esp by farming 产品; （尤指）农产品: * fresh produce 新鲜的农产品 * agricultural, farm, garden produce 农业的、 农场的、 园圃的产品 * It says on the bottle `Produce of France'. 瓶上标有‘法国制造’的字样.

producer
[prE'dju:sE(r); - -'du:-; prE'dusl] n1 person, company, country, etc that produces (produce1) goods or materials 生产者（可指个人、 公司、 国家等）; 制造者; 产地: * The firm is Britain's main producer of electronic equipment. 该公司为英国主要的电子设备制造厂家. * The producers of the radios could not find a market for them. 这些收音机制造厂产品打不开销路. * the conflicting interests of producers and consumers 生产者与消费者的利害冲突. Cf 参看 consumer. 2 (a) person in charge of a film or theatrical production, who obtains the money to make the film or put on the play, and arranges the schedules, publicity, etc （影片的）制片人; （戏剧的）主管人, 制作总监. Cf 参看 director 2. (b) person who arranges the making of a TV or radio programme, a record, etc （电视或广播节目、 唱片等的）制作人, 监制. (c) (esp in the amateur theatre) person who arranges the performance of a play, telling the actors what to do; director （尤指业馀剧团的）舞台监督, 导演. (d) director of an opera performance 歌剧导演.

product
[5prCdQkt; 5pradQkt] n 1 (a) [C, U] thing or substance produced by a natural or manufacturing process 产品, 产物（自然的或人工的）; 出品; 制品: * a firm known for its high-quality products 以产品优良而负盛名的公司 * the products of manufacturing industry 制造业的出品 * pharmaceutical products, eg drugs, medicines药品 * the finished product, ie one that has reached the end of the manufacturing process 制成品 * waste products, ie waste material produced by eg the body's digestive system 废物（如粪便）. (b) [U] (commerce 商) goods produced by a firm, country, etc 产品（总称）: * a campaign to increase sales of the firm's product 为促进公司产品的销售而开展的运动 * gross national product, ie the annual total value of goods produced and services provided in a country 国民生产总值 * [attrib 作定语] product development 产品开发. 2 [C] ~ of sth (a) state or thing that is the result of sth 产物: * Flower power was a product of the sixties. 戴花嬉皮士的信仰是六十年代的产物. * the products of genius, eg great works of art 天才的产物（如伟大的艺术作品） * Low morale among the work force is the product of bad management. 工人干劲不足是管理不善所致. (b) person who has been influenced by sth 在某事物影响下产生的人物; （某事物的）产儿: * She is the product of a broken home. 她是一个破裂家庭的产儿. * They are the products of post-war affluence. 他们是战後富裕生活的产物. 3 [C] (a) (mathematics 数) quantity obtained by multiplying one number by another （乘）积: * The product of 4 and 10 is 40. 4与10的乘积是40. (b) (chemistry 化) new chemical compound produced by chemical reaction （化学反应的）生成物. Cf 参看 reactant.

production
[prE'dQkFn; prE'dQkFEn] n 1 [U] action of manufacturing, extracting, etc, esp in large quantities 制造, 生产（尤指大批量）: * oil production 采油 * Production of the new aircraft will start next year. 明年开始制造新型的飞机. * Production must become more efficient. 必须提高生产效率. * mass (ie very large-scale) production 大量生产 * Defects in design cannot be put right during production. 设计上的缺陷是无法在生产过程中加以纠正的. * He has moved from acting to film production. 他由演员变成了制片人. * [attrib 作定语] production costs, managers, processes, schedules, difficulties 生产的成本、 生产经理、 生产过程、 生产计画、 生产的难题. 2 [U] quantity produced 产量: * increase production by using more efficient methods 采用更有效的方法提高产量 * a fall/increase in production 产量的减少[增加]. 3 [C] thing that has been produced, esp a play, film, etc 推出的作品（尤指戏剧、 影片等）: * They saw several National Theatre productions. 他们看了国家剧院上演的几出戏. * `King Lear' in a controversial new production 可能引起争论的新剧《李尔王》. 4 (idm 习语) go ,into/,out of pro`duction start/stop being manufactured 投产[停产]: * The system will have to be tested before it goes into production. 这套装置必须经过试验之後才能投产. * That car went out of production five years ago. 那种汽车已经停产五年了. in pro`duction being manufactured (in large quantities) 在（大量）生产中: * The device will be in production by the end of the year. 该装置将於年底投入生产. on production of sth by/when showing sth 通过[一经]出示某物: * On production of your membership card, you will receive a discount on purchases. 持会员证购物可享受折扣优待. 复合： pro`duction line sequence of groups of machines and workers, in which each group carries out part of the production process 生产线: Cars are checked as they come off the production line. 汽车经装配线组装完毕後即进行校验.

productive
[prE'dQktiv; prE'dQktiv] adj 1 producing or able to produce goods or crops, esp in large quantities 生产（性）的; 有生产能力的; （尤指）多产的: * They work hard, but their efforts are not very productive. 他们很努力, 但效率不太高. * productive farming land, manufacturing methods 肥沃的农田、 富有成效的生产方法 * a productive worker 多产的工作者. 2 achieving a lot; useful 富有成效的; 有益的: * It wasn't a very productivemeeting. 这个会议成效不太大. * I spent a very productivehour in the library. 我在图书馆里这一小时收获很大. 3 [pred 作表语] ~ of sth (fml 文) resulting in sth; causing sth 造成某种结果; 产生某事物: * The changes were not productive of better labour relations. 这些改变并未能使劳资关系获得改善. > productively adv: * spend one's time productively 时间用得有成效.

productivity
[7prCdQk'tivEti; 7pradQk'tivEti] n [U] 1 ability to produce (eg goods or crops); state of being productive 生产力; 生产能力; 多产性: * The size of the crop depends on the productivity of the soil. 作物的产量取决於土地的肥沃程度. 2 efficiency, esp in industry, measured by comparing the amount produced with the time taken or the resources used to produce it 生产率, 生产效率（尤指工业的）: * The management are looking for ways of improving productivity. 管理部门正在设法提高生产率. * [attrib 作定语] a productivity bonus for workers 发给工人的增产奖. 复合： produc`tivity agreement agreement between management and unions that the cost of higher wages will be paid for by an increase in productivity （资方与工会订立的）增产协议（生产率提高则工资亦提高）.

prof
[prCf; praf] n (infml 口) = professor.

profane
[prE'fein; - prEu-; pro'fen] adj (fml 文) 1 [attrib 作定语] not sacred; secular 世俗的（非宗教的）: * sacred and profane music 圣乐与世俗音乐 * profane (ie not biblical) literature 世俗的（非圣经的）文学作品. 2 (a) having or showing contempt for God or holy things; blasphemous 亵渎上帝或神圣事物的; 不敬神的: * profane behaviour in church 做礼拜时亵渎上帝的行为 * a profane oath 亵渎上帝的言语. (b) offensive; obscene 冒犯的; 无礼的; 下流的: * profane language 下流语言. 派生： profane v [Tn] (fml 文) (a) treat (a sacred thing) with irreverence or contempt 亵渎, 冒犯（神圣事物）:profane the name of God 亵渎上帝之名 * Their behaviour profaned the holy place. 他们的行为玷污了这处圣地. (b) treat or use (sth worthy of respect) disrespectfully 对（可敬之事物）无礼; 玷污; 滥用: His action profaned the honour of his country. 他的行为玷污了国家的荣誉. profanation[7prCfE'neiFn; 7prafE'neFEn] n [C, U] (fml 文) (instance of) profaning 亵渎; 冒犯; 玷污. profanely adv. profanity/prE'fAnEti; - prEu-; pro'fAnEti] n (fml 文) 1 [U] profane behaviour, esp the use of profane language 亵渎行为; （尤指）使用亵渎语言. 2 [C esp pl 尤作复数] profane word or phrase; obscenity 亵渎的话; 下流话: * He uttered a stream of profanities. 他说出了一连串下流话.

profess
[prE'fes; prE'fes] v (fml 文) 1 [Tn, Tf, Tt, Cn.a] claim (sth), often falsely 声称, 自称, 伪称, 妄称（某事物）: * I don't profess expert knowledge of/to be an expert in this subject. 我并不自诩对这一问题内行[是这一问题的专家]. * She professed total ignorance of the matter. 她自称对那事一无所知. * He professed that he knew nothing about the plot. 他声称对该阴谋毫不知情. 2 [Tn, Cn.a] state openly that one has (a belief, feeling, etc) 公开表明（信仰、 感情等）: * They professed optimism about the outcome. 他们对结果表示乐观. * He professed himself satisfied with the progress made. 他表明自己对所取得的进步感到满意. 3 [Tn] (a) publicly declare one's faith in (a religion) 宣布自己的（宗教）信仰: * Christians profess their faith when they say the Creed. 基督教徒在念信经时就表明了他们的宗教信仰. (b) have or belong to(the specified religion) 具有, 忠於（某宗教信仰）: * professIslam 信仰伊斯兰教. 派生： professed adj [attrib 作定语] 1 (falsely) claimed; alleged 声称的; 自称的; 伪称的; 妄称的; 靠不住的; 所谓的: her professed love of children 她所谓的对孩子们的爱 * She was betrayed by her professed friends and supporters. 她被那些自称是她的朋友和支持她的人出卖了. 2 openly acknowledged by oneself; declared 公开承认的; 公开表明的: a professed Christian 公开表明信仰的基督教徒 * a professed supporter of disarmament 倡言裁军的人. 3 having made religious vows （宗教上）已立誓的, 已受戒的: a professed nun 已立誓终生为修女者. professedly[-idli; -idli] adv (fml 文) according to one's own claim (whether true or false) or admission 自称; 自我表明; 自己承认: * She is professedly a feminist. 她自称是女权运动者.

profession
[prE'feFn; prE'feFEn] n 1 (a) [C] paid occupation, esp one that requires advanced education and training, eg architecture, law or medicine 职业（尤指须受高深教育及专业训练者, 如建 师、 律师或医师之职业）: * advising college leavers on their choice of profession 给予院校毕业生以择业上的指导 * the acting, legal, medical, etc profession 演员、 律师、 医师等职业. (b) the profession [CGp] body of people working in a particular profession （某）职业界; 同业: * The legal profession (ie lawyers) has/have always resisted change. 法律界人士对变革总是加以抵制. =>Usage at trade1 用法见trade1. 2 [C] ~ of sth public statement or claim of sth 表示; 表白; 宣言: * a profession of belief, faith, loyalty, etc 信念、 信仰、 忠诚等的表白 * His professions of concern did not seem sincere. 他所表示的关心看来并非出自内心. 3 (idm 习语) by profession as one's paid occupation 作为职业: * She is a lawyerby profession. 她的职业是律师. * The author of the guidebook is an architect by profession. 该手册的作者任职建 师.

professional
[prE'feFEnl; prE'feFEnl] adj 1 (a) [attrib 作定语] of or belonging to a profession 职业（上）的; 从事某职业的; 属於某专业的: * a professional man, woman, practitioner 从事某职业的男子、 女子、 开业者 * professional associations, codes of practice, conduct 专业协会、 职业道德规范、 职业道德 * You will need to seek professional advice about your claim for compensation. 你在索赔的问题上需要内行人士作指导. * The doctor was accused of professional misconduct. 那医生被控有违行医道德. (b) having or showing the skill or qualities of a professional person 具有专门知识的; 表现专门技能的; 内行的: * Many of the performers were of professional standard. 许多表演者都具有专业水平. * He was complimented on a very professional piece of work. 他由於一件表现出精湛技艺的作品而受到赞扬. * She is extremely professional in her approach to her job. 她对工作极为精通. Cf 参看 unprofessional. 2 (a) doing as a full-time job sth which others do as a hobby or as apart-time job 职业性的; 专业的; 非业馀的: * a professionalboxer, footballer, golfer, tennis player, etc 职业的拳击手、 足球运动员、 高尔夫球运动员、 网球运动员等 * a professional cook, dressmaker, musician, etc 职业厨师、 裁缝、 乐师等 * After he won the amateur championship he turned professional, ie began to earn money for his sport. 他获得业馀比赛的冠军後便转为职业运动员了. (b) (of sport, etc) practised as a full-time job （指运动等）职业性质的: * professional football, golf, tennis, etc 职业的足球赛、 高尔夫球赛、 网球赛等 * She had been on the professional stage (ie a professional actress) in her youth. 她年轻时当过职业演员. Cf 参看 amateur 1. 3[attrib 作定语] (derog 贬) repeatedly doing the specifiedannoying thing 不断制造麻烦的: * a professional complainer, gossip, moaner, trouble-maker, etc 专门发牢骚、 散布流言蜚语、 发泄不满情绪、 惹事生非等的人.

professional1
派生： professional n 1 person qualified or employed in one of the professions 具有某专业资格的人; 从事某专业的人; 专业人士: studio flats suitable for young professionals 年轻的专业人员适用的单间公寓 * You need a professional to sort out your finances. 你需要专业人士替你管理财务. 2 (also infml 口语作 pro) professional (2a) player or performer, esp a sportsman employed by a club to teach and advise its members 职业运动员; 职业演员; （尤指受雇於俱乐部的）职业教练, 职业顾问: a golf professional 高尔夫球职业运动员. 3 (also infml 口语作 pro) (approv 褒) highly skilled and experienced person 技术精湛经验丰富的人; 内行; 专家: She's a true professional! 她真不愧为专家! * This survey is the work of a real professional. 这份调查是真正内行人做的. professionalism[-FEnElizEm; -FEnElizm] n [U] 1 (approv 褒) (a) skill or qualities of a profession or its members 专业技能; 特长; 职业特性: * You can rely on your solicitor's professionalism in dealing with the house purchase. 你尽可依靠律师处理购房事宜. (b) great skill and competence 精湛的技艺; 熟的功夫: * They were impressed by the sheer professionalism of the performance. 他们赞佩表演炉火纯青. 2 practice of employing professionals (professional 2) in sport 在体育竞赛中雇用职业选手的做法. professionally[-FEnEli; -FEnli] adv (a) in a professional way 专业的; 有职业道德的: * A doctor who gives away confidential information about patients is not behaving professionally. 医生把病人的私人资料透露出来是违反职业道德的. (b) by a professional person 由专业人员; 由内行人: * The plans had been drawn professionally. 那计画是由专家制定的. * Her voice should be professionally trained. 她在运嗓上应接受专业训练. (c) as a paid occupation 作为职业; 职业性地: * He plays cricket professionally. 他以打板球为职业.

professional2
复合： pro,fessional `foul (euph 婉) (in sport, esp football) deliberate foul, esp one committed in order to stop the game when a member of the opposing team seems certain to score （体育竞赛, 尤指足球比赛中）故意犯规（尤指藉犯规动作中断比赛以避免对方得分之做法）.

professor
[prE'fesE(r); prE'fesl] n (abbr 缩写 Prof) 1 (US also full professor) (title of a) university teacher of the highest grade who holds a chair(3) in a subject（大学）教授（的头衔）: * He is Professor of Moral Philosophy at Oxford. 他是牛津大学伦理学教授. * She was madeprofessor at the age of 40. 她40岁就当了教授. * Professor Smith, may I introduce one of my students to you? 史密斯教授, 请让我介绍一下我的一个学生. 2 (US) teacher at a university or college （大学的）教师, 教员. 3 (joc 谑) title taken by instructors in various subjects 师傅（对各行业中传授技艺者的称呼）: * Professor Pate, the famous phrenologist. 着名的颅相学家佩特师傅. 派生： professorial[7prCfi'sC:riEl; 7prafE'sCriEl] adj of or like a professor （似）教授的: * a professorial post 教授的职位 * professorial duties 教授的职责. professorship n position of a university professor; chair (3) （大学）教授职位: The professorship of zoology is vacant and has been advertised. 动物学教授的职位空缺, 已登广告徵聘.

proffer
[5prCfE(r); 5prafl] v [Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth(to sb) (fml 文) offer sth 提供、 提出某事物: * He refused the proffered assistance. 他拒绝接受向他提供的帮助. * She proffered (him) her resignation. 她（向他）提交了辞呈. * May we proffer you our congratulations? 请让我们向你表示祝贺. 派生： proffer n (fml 文) offer 提供; 提议: a proffer of help 给予援助的建议.

proficient
[prE'fiFnt; prE'fiFEnt] adj ~ (in/at sth/doing sth) doing or able to do sth in a skilled or an expert way because of training and practice 精通的; 熟练的: * a proficient driver 开车的好手 * proficient in theuse of radar equipment 精通雷达设备之使用的 * proficientat operating a computer terminal 善於操作计算机终端设备的. 派生： proficiency[-nsi; -nsi] n [U] ~ (in sth/doing sth)being proficient (in sth) 精通; 熟练: * a test of proficiency (in English) （英语）水平测试 * show proficiency in operating a switchboard 操作配电板十分熟练. proficiently adv.

profile
[5prEufail; 5profail] n 1 side view, esp of the human face 侧面所见; （尤指人面部的）侧面（像）: * his handsome profile 他漂亮的侧面轮廓 * [attrib 作定语] a profile drawing 侧面图像. 2 edge or outline of sth seen against a background 轮廓; 外形: * the profile of the toweragainst the sky 天空衬托下的塔的轮廓. 3 brief biographyof sb or description of sth in a newspaper article, broadcastprogramme, etc （报刊文章、 广播节目等中的）人物或事物之简介, 概况, 传略: * The newspaper publishes a profile of a leading sportsman every week. 该报每周刊登一篇关於一个优秀运动员的简介. * The BBC are working on a profile of the British nuclear industry. 英国广播公司正在报道英国核工业概况. 4 (idm 习语) a ,high/,low `profile noticeable/inconspicuous way of behaving, so as to attract/avoid public attention 极力[避免]显示自己的做法; 高[低]姿态: * adopt/keep/maintain a low profile 采取[保持/维持]低姿态 * [attrib 作定语] high-profile politicians 引人注目的政治家们. in profile (seen) from the side 由侧面（看的）: * In profile she is very like her mother. 由侧面看她很像她母亲. * The Queen's head appears in profile on British stamps. 英国邮票上有女王的侧面头像. 派生： profile v 1 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] show (sth) in profile against a background 显出（某物）的轮廓: The huge trees were profiled against the night sky. 在夜空的映衬下显出大树的轮廓. 2 [Tn] write or make a profile(3) of (sb/sth) 写（某人[某事物]）的简介.

profit
1[5prCfit; 5prafit] n 1 (a) [C, U] financial gain （财务上的）收益; 利润; 赢利: * do sth for profit 为营利而做某事 * There's no profit in running a cinema in this town. 这个镇里电影院是无利可图的. * They're only interested in a quick profit. 他们急功近利. * [attrib 作定语] The capitalist system is based on the profit motive. 资本主义制度是以赢利动机为基础建立起来的. (b) [C] amount of money gained in business, esp the difference between the amount earned and the amount spent （企业等的）赢利; （尤指）盈馀, 纯利润: * They make a profit of ten pence on every copy they sell. 他们每售出一本获利十便士. * sell at a profit 销售获利 * operate at a profit, ie be profitable 经营获利 * The company has declared an increase in profits/increased profits. 该公司宣布利润增加. * a clear profit of 20 per cent 百分之二十的净利. 2 [U] (fml 文) advantage or benefit gained from sth 利益; 好处: * You could with profit spend some extra time studying the text. 你多花点时间学习课文是有好处的. 派生： profitless adj without profit1(2) 无利的; 无益的: Revising the procedure was an entirely profitless exercise. 对程序进行修改是徒劳无功的. profitlessly adv: I seem to have spent my day quite profitlessly. 我这一天过得好像没什麽收获. 复合： ,profit and `loss account (in bookkeeping) accountshowing income and expenditure for a particular period, with the profit or loss made （簿记）损益帐（反映某时期赢利或亏损的收支情况）. `profit-margin n difference between the cost of buying or producing sth and the price for which one sells it 利润率（购物本金或制造成本与售价之差额）: a gross profit-margin of 25% 25%的毛利率. `profit-sharing n [U] system of dividing a portion of a company's profits amongst its employees 分红制（将公司部分利润分配给雇员的制度）: [attrib 作定语] a profit-sharing scheme 利润分成办法.

profitable
[5prCfitEbl; 5prafitEbl] adj bringing profit or advantage; beneficial 可获利润或好处的; 有利可图的; 有益的: * profitable investments 有利的投资 * The deal was profitable to all of us. 这笔生意对我们大家都有利. * It would be more profitable to combine the two factories.把这两家工厂联合起来更能赚钱. * She spent a profitableafternoon in the library. 她一下午在图书馆里收获不小. > profitability[7prCfitE'bilEti; 7prafitE'bilEti] n [U]. profitably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv: * They invested the money very profitably. 他们的投资大有赚头. * She spent the weekend profitably. 她的周末过得很有益.

profiteer
[7prCfi'tiE(r); 7prafE'tir] v [I] (derog 贬) maketoo large a profit, esp by exploiting people in difficult times (eg in a war or famine) 牟取暴利; （尤指於困难时期, 如战争或 荒）剥削, 投机倒把: * Rent controls were introduced to prevent profiteering. 为了防止牟取暴利而 实行了租金管制. 派生： profiteer n person who does this 牟取暴利者; 大发不义之财者; 投机商人.

profiterole
[prC'fitErEul; prE'fitE7rol] n small hollow bun of light pastry with a sweet or savoury filling 一种甜馅或其他美味馅的酥皮空心小点心.

profligate
[5prCfligEt; 5praflEgit] adj (fml derog 文, 贬) 1 recklessly extravagant or wasteful 恣意挥霍的; 极其浪费的: * profligate spending 挥霍 * a profligate use of scarce resources 对稀少的资源的恣意挥霍. 2 (of a person or his behaviour) shamelessly immoral; dissolute （指人或其行为）无耻的, 放荡的. 派生： profligacy[5prCfligEsi; 5praflEgEsi] n [U] (fml derog 文, 贬) being profligate 恣意挥霍; 放荡. profligate n (fml derog 文, 贬) profligate(2) person 无耻的人; 放荡的人.

profound
[prE'faund; prE'faund] adj 1 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (fml 文) deep, intense or far-reaching; verygreat 深的; 深切的; 深远的; 极度的; 极大的: * a profoundsigh, silence, sleep, shock 一声长叹、 一片死寂、 一阵酣睡、 一次沉重的打击 * take a profound interest in sth 对某事物产生极大的兴趣 * profound ignorance 极度的无知 * profound changes 深刻的变化. 2 (a) [usu attrib 通常作定语] having or showing great knowledge or insight (into a subject) 知识渊博的; 见解深刻的: * a profoundawareness of the problem 对问题的深刻理解 * a profoundthinker 学识渊博的思想家 * a man of profound learning 博学的人. (b) needing much study or thought 需要研究或思考的; 深奥的: * profound mysteries 难解之谜. 派生： profoundly adv (a) deeply; extremely 深深地; 深刻地; 极度地: profoundly disturbed, grateful, shocked 极其不安的、 感激的、 震惊的. (b) in a profound(2a) manner渊博地; 见多识广地; 深奥地. profundity/prE'fQndEti; prE'fQndEti] n (fml 文) 1 [U] depth (esp of knowledge, thought, etc) 深度, 渊深, 深刻, 深奥（尤指知识、 思想等）: * He impressed his audience by the profundity of his knowledge. 他知识渊博给听众留下了深刻的印象. 2 [C esp pl 尤作复数] profound meaning, statement or thought 深刻的含义、 言语或思想: * a poem full of profundities 寓意深长的诗.

profuse
[prE'fju:s; prE'fjus] adj 1 in large amounts; abundant 大量的; 丰富的: * profuse blossoms, flowers, apologies, gratitude, thanks 大量的花朵、 数不清的鲜花、 再叁的道歉、 深深的感激、 千谢万谢 * profuse bleeding, sweating, tears 血流如注、 大汗淋漓、 泪如泉涌. 2 [pred 作表语] ~ in sth expressing or giving sth freely or generously; lavish with sth 对某事物一再表示或慷慨给予; 某事上滥施: * profuse in one's apologies, thanks 一再表示歉意、 谢意. 派生： profusely adv: bleed, sweat profusely 大出血、 出大汗 * thank sb profusely 一再感谢某人. profuseness n [U] state of being profuse 大量; 丰富: The profuseness of his thanks was embarrassing. 他再叁表示感谢使人很不好意思. profusion/prE'fju:Vn; prE'fjuVEn] n 1 [sing] ~ of sth abundant supply of sth 大量的某事物: * a profusion of colour, patterns, flowers, good wishes 许多的颜色、 花样、 鲜花、 美好祝愿. 2 (idm 习语) in profusion in large quantities or abundance 大量地; 丰富地: * Roses were growing in profusion against the old wall. 紧挨着旧墙长着很多玫瑰花.

progenitor
[prEu'dVenitE(r); pro'dVenEtl] n (fml 文) 1 ancestor (of a person, an animal or a plant) （人或动植物的）祖先. 2 (fig 比喻) originator (of an idea, an intellectual or political movement, etc) （思想、 学术或政治运动的）创始人, 前辈, 先驱: * Marx was the progenitorof Communism. 马克思是共产主义的创始人.

progeny
[5prCdVEni; 5pradVEni] n [pl v] (fml 文) (a) offspring 子女; 幼崽: * (joc 谑) He appeared, surrounded by his numerous progeny. 他出现时, 子女前呼後拥不计其数. (b) descendants 後代; 後裔.

progesterone
[prE'dVestErEun; pro'dVestE7ron] n [U] one of the sex hormones, that prepares and maintains the uterus for pregnancy and is used in the contraceptive pill because it prevents ovulation 孕酮; 黄体酮. Cf 参看 oestrogen.

prognosis
[prCg'nEusis; prag'nosis] n (pl -ses[-si:z; -siz] ) (a) (medical 医) forecast of the likely course of a disease or an illness （对病情的）预断, 预後: * make one's prognosis 预断病情 * The prognosis is not good. 预後不良. Cf 参看 diagnosis. (b) (fig 比喻) forecast of the probable development of sth; outlook （对发展情况的）预测; 展望: * The prognosis for the future of the electronics industry is encouraging. 预测电子工业的前途一片大好.

prognosticate
[prCg'nCstikeit; prag'nasti7ket] v (fml 文) 1 [I, Tn, Tf] tell (sth) in advance; predict 预言（某事物）; 预报: * prognosticate disaster 预言灾难. 2 [Tn, Tf] be a sign of (a future event) 成为（未来事件）的预兆; 预示. 派生： prognostication/prCg7nCsti'keiFn; prag7nasti'keFEn] n (fml 文) (a) [U] prognosticating 预言; 预报. (b) [C] thing that is prognosticated 预言或预报的事物; 预兆: * His gloomy prognostications proved to be false. 他那悲观的预测已证明是错误的.

program
[5prEugrAm; - -grEm; 5progrEm] n 1 (US) =programme. 2 (computing 计) series of coded instructionsto control the operations of a computer 程序; 编码指令: * write a program for producing a balance sheet 为编制资产负债表而编写程序. 派生： program v (-mm-; US also -m-) [Tn, Cn.t] (computing 计) instruct (a computer) (to do sth) by putting a program into it 用程序指令（计算机）（执行某任务）: The computer has been programmed (to calculate the gross profit margin on all sales). 计算机已输入了程序指令（以计算各项销售的毛利率）. programmer (US also programer) n person who writes programs for a computer （计算机）程序编制员, 程序设计师.

programme
(US program)[5prEugrAm; - -grEm;'progrEm] n 1 broadcast item (eg a play, discussion or documentary) （广播或电视）节目（如戏剧、 讨论或纪实）: * There is an interesting programme on television tonight. 今晚有个好看的电视节目. * They're putting on a programme about/on wine-making. 他们正推出一个介绍酿酒方法的节目. 2 plan of what is (intended) to be done 工作计画; 活动安排; 行动方案: * a political programme 政治纲领 * What's (on) the programme for (ie What are we going to do) tomorrow? 明天安排了什麽活动? * launch a programme to redevelop the inner cities 提出一项改建市中心区的方案. 3 (a) (notice or list of a) series of items in a concert, on a course of study, etc （音乐会等的）节目单, 节目表; 教学大纲; 课程: * The programme includes two Mozart sonatas. 节目单中有两首莫扎特的奏鸣曲. * plan a programme of lectures for first-year students 为大学一年级新生拟制教学大纲. (b) (booklet with a) list of the names of the actors in a play, singers in an opera, etc 戏剧演员、 歌剧歌唱演员等的名单; （载有演员阵容的）演出说明书. 派生： programme (US program) v (-mm-; US also -m-) 1 [usu passive 通常用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (for sth) make a programme of or for sth; put sth on a programme; plan or arrange sth 编排某事物的节目单; 将某事物编入节目单; 计画或安排某事物: programme a music festival 为音乐会演编排节目 * A trip to the museum is programmed for next Tuesday. 已计画下星期二去参观博物馆. 2 [usu passive 通常用於被动语态: Tn, Cn.t] cause (sb/sth) to do sth or behave in a particular way, esp automatically or in an unthinking way 使（某人[某事物]）按预定的步骤进行（尤指自动地或不假思索地）: Their early training programmes them to be obedient and submissive. 他们早先受过的教育已把他们训练得俯首帖耳、 唯命是从. * The video is programmed to switch itself on at ten o'clock. 这台录像机已调好在十点钟自动开机. ,programmed `course educational course in which the material to be learnt is presented in small, carefully graded, amounts 程序教程（一种以循序渐进的方法施教的课程）. ,programmed `learning self-instruction using a programmed course 程序学习（按程序教程循序渐进的自学方式）.

programme1
复合： `programme music music intended to suggest a story, picture, etc 标题音乐（旨在以音乐表现某情节、 图像等）. `programme note short description or explanation in a programme(3b) of a musical work, a play, an actor's career, etc （演出说明书中对音乐、 戏剧作品、 演员经历等的）简介.

progress
[5prEugres; - 'prCg-; 5pragres] n 1 [U] forward or onward movement 前进; 行进: * The walkers were making slow progress up the rocky path. 行人沿着岩石小道慢慢往上走. * The yacht made good progress with a following wind. 那小帆船顺风行驶得很快. 2 [U] advance or development, esp towards a better state进步, 进展, 发展（尤具改进之意）: * the progress of civilization 文明的进展 * There has been very little progress this term. 这学期没有什麽进步. * The patient is making good progress (ie is getting better) after her operation. 这个女病人动过手术後病情大为好转. * Strike leaders have reported some progress in the talks to settle the dispute. 罢工的领导人汇报了在解决争端的谈判中所取得的某些进展. * [attrib 作定语] a `progress report 进行情况的报告. 3 [C] (arch 古) journey made by a sovereign or ruler （帝王等的）巡行, 巡游: * a royal progress around the country 国王之全国巡游. 4 (idm 习语) in progress being done or made 进行中: * An inquiry is now in progress. 调查工作此刻正在进行中. * Please be quiet recording in progress. 正在录音--请勿喧哗. 派生： progress/prE'gres; prE'gres] v 1 [I] make progress 前进; 行进; 进步; 进展: * The work is progressing steadily. 工作在稳步地取得进展. * She is progressing in her studies. 她学习有进步. * In some ways, civilization does not seem to have progressed much in the last century. 在某些方面, 上个世纪文明似乎进展不大. 2 [Tn] cause(work, etc) to make regular progress towards completion使（工作等）正常进行、 有进步或取得进展.

progression
[prE'greFn; prE'greFEn] n 1 [U] ~ (fromsth) (to sth) (process of) moving forward or developing,esp in stages or gradually; progressing 进行, 进展, 进程, 进步（尤指按步骤的或渐次的）: * the team's progression to the first division 该队的晋级为甲级队 * Adolescence is the period of progression from childhood to adulthood. 青春期是由童年到成年的过渡期. 2 [C] sequence or series 连续; 一系列: * a long progression of sunny days 连续的晴天.

progressive
[prE'gresiv; prE'gresiv] adj 1 making a continuous forward movement 前进的; 进步的; 有进展的. 2 increasing steadily or in regular degrees 逐步增加的; 逐级上升的: * a progressive disease, ie one that gradually increases in its effect 进行性的疾病（逐渐严重） * progressive taxation, ie at rates that increase as the sum taxed increases 累进税 * Her condition is showing aprogressive improvement. 她的情况已逐步改进. 3 (approv褒) (a) advancing in social conditions or efficiency （社会状况）不断改善的; （效率）不断提高的: * a progressive firm, nation 发展中的企业、 国家. (b) favouring or showing rapid progress or reform （主张）进步或改革的; 先进的: * progressive schools, views 先进的学校、 进步的观点 * a progressive education policy 革新的教育政策 * a progressive political party 进步的政党. 派生： progressive n person who supports a progressive(3b) policy or adopts progressive methods 支持进步的政策或采用进步的方法的人; 进步人士; 改革派人士. progressively adv increasingly; by degrees 逐渐地; 逐步地: His eyesight is becoming progressively worse. 他的视力越来越差. progressiveness n [U]. 复合： progressive `tense (also continuous `tense) (grammar) any of the verb tenses which express action that continues over a period of time, using the -ing form, as in `I am/was/will be/have been writing' 进行时态（动词时态, 表示某一期间持续的动作, 使用-ing形式, 如I am/was/will be/have been writing中者）: the present progressive tense 现在进行时态.

prohibit
[prE'hibit; - prEu-; pro'hibit] v (fml 文) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth/sb (from doing sth) forbid sth or sb from doing sth esp by laws, rules or regulations 禁止某事物或某人做某事（尤指以法令、 规章或条例）: * Smoking is prohibited. 禁止吸烟. * a regulation to prohibit parking in the city centre 禁止在市中心区停车的规定 * The law prohibits tobacconists from selling cigarettes to children. 法律禁止烟贩向儿童出售香烟. 2 [Tn] make (sth) impossible; prevent 使（某事物）成为不可能; 阻止: * The high cost prohibits the widespread use of the drug. 该药昂贵而影响广泛应用.

prohibition
[7prEuhi'biFn; - 7prEuE'biFn; 7proE'biFEn] n 1 [U] forbidding or being forbidden 禁止; 阻止: * They voted in favour of the prohibition of smoking in public areas. 他们投票赞成禁止在公共场所吸烟. * Use of the drug has not declined since its prohibition. 自从禁用该药以来, 该药的使用并未减少. 2 [C] ~ (against sth) edict or order that forbids sth 禁令; 禁律: * a prohibition against the sale of firearms 禁止出售火器的法令. 3 Prohibition [U] period of time (1920-1933) when the making and selling of alcoholic drinks was forbidden by law in the US 禁酒时期（1920-1933年间美国以法律禁止酿酒及售酒的时期）. 派生： prohibitionist[-FEnist; -FEnist] n person who supports the prohibition of sth by law, esp the sale of alcoholic drinks 赞成以法律禁止某事物者; （尤指）赞成禁止售酒者.

prohibitive
[prE'hibEtiv; - prEu-; pro'hibitiv] adj 1 (a) intended to or tending to prevent the use or purchase of sth 禁止使用或购买的; 禁止性的: * a prohibitive tax on imported cars 对进口小汽车徵收的寓禁税. (b) (of prices, etc) so high that one cannot afford to buy （指价格等）高得买不起的: * The cost of property in the city is prohibitive. 城里房地产的价格高得使人望而却步. 2 that prohibits 禁止的: * prohibitive laws, road signs 禁律、 禁止通行的路标. > prohibitively adv: * prohibitively expensive 昂贵得买不起.

prohibitory
[prE'hibitEri; - prEu'hibEtC:ri; pro'hibE7tCri] adj (fml 文) intended to prohibit sth 意在禁止的: * regulations of a prohibitory nature 意在禁止的规定.

project
1[5prCdVekt; 5pradVekt] n 1 (plan for a) scheme or undertaking 计画; 规画; 工程; 事业: * a housing development project 住房建设方案 * a project to establish a new national park 建立一个新的国家公园的工程 * carry out, fail in, form a project 执行、 未能实施、 拟订一项计画. 2 task set as an educational exercise which requires students to do their own research and present the results （学校的）科研习作项目, 课题: * The class are doing a project on the Roman occupation of Britain. 这个班在进行一项关於古罗马人占领不列颠的研究.

projectile
[prE'dVektail; - -tl; prE'dVektl] n (a) object (to be) shot forward, esp from a gun 抛射物; 投掷物; 发射物; （尤指）子弹, 炮弹. (b) self-propelling missile, eg a rocket 自行推进的发射物; 导弹; 火箭. 派生： projectile adj that can send objects or be sent forward through air, water, etc 可投射物体的; 可通过大气、 水等发射的: projectile force 投掷力 * projectile missiles 可发射的导弹.

projector
[prE'dVektE(r); prE'dVektl] n apparatus for projecting photographs or films onto a screen 放映机: * a `cinema projector 电影放映机 * a `slide projector 幻灯机.

prolapse
[prEu'lAps; pro'lAps] v [I] (medical 医) (of an organ in the body, eg the bowel or uterus) slip forward or down so that it is out of place （指器官, 如直肠或子宫）脱垂, 脱出. 派生： prolapse[5prEulAps; 5prolAps] n (medical 医) (condition caused by) this movement 脱垂; 脱出.

prole
[prEul; prol] n (infml derog 口, 贬) member of the proletariat 无产者.

proletariat
[7prEuli'teEriEt; 7prolE'teriEt] n the proletariat[Gp] 1 (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) class of (esp industrial and manual) workers who do not own the means of production and earn their living by working for wages 无产阶级; （尤指）工人阶级: * The dictatorship of the proletariat is one of the aims of Communism. 无产阶级专政是共产主义的目标之一. Cf 参看 bourgeoisie (bourgeois). 2 (in ancient Rome) lowest class of citizen, owning no property （古罗马）民众中一无所有的最下层阶级.

proliferate
[prE'lifEreit; - prEu-; pro'lifE7ret] v 1 [I] produce new growth or offspring rapidly; multiply （迅速地）繁殖; 增殖; 增生. 2 [Tn] reproduce (cells, etc) 分裂, 繁殖（细胞等）. 3 [I] increase rapidly in numbers （数量）激增. 派生： proliferation/prE7lifE'reiFn; - prEu-; pro7lifE'reFEn] n 1 [U] proliferating or being proliferated （迅速的）繁殖; 增殖; 增生: * [attrib 作定语] a nuclear non-proliferation treaty, ie one aimed at preventing the spreadof nuclear weapons to countries that do not already possess them 禁止核扩散条约. 2 [C usu sing 通常作单数] rapid growth or increase 迅速的繁殖或增长.

prolific
[prE'lifik; prE'lifik] adj 1 (of plants, animals, etc) producing much fruit or many flowers or offspring （指动植物等）多产的, 多育的: * prolific growth 多产植物. 2 (of a writer, an artist, etc) producing many works （指作家、 艺术家等）多创作的: * a prolific author 多产的作者 * a prolific period in the composer's life 作曲家一生中创作丰收的时期. > prolifically[-kli; -kli] adv.

prolix
[5prEuliks; - prEu'liks; pro'liks] adj (fml 文) (of a speech, writer, etc) using too many words and so boring to listen to or read （指讲话、 作家等）冗长而乏味的, 罗唆的: * a prolix speaker 说话罗唆的人 * Her style is tediously prolix. 她的文章冗长而乏味. > prolixity/ prEU5lIksEtI; pro`lIksEtI/ n [U].

prologue
(US also prolog)[5prEulCg; - -lC:g; 5prolCg] n ~ (to sth) 1 introductory part of a poem or play 序诗; 开场白: * the `Prologue' to the `Canterbury Tales' 《坎特伯雷故事集》的《序诗》. Cf 参看 epilogue. 2 act or event that is an introduction to sth or leads up to sth; first in a series of events 引出或引致某事物的行动或事件; 一系列事件的开端; 序幕: * The signing of the agreement was a prologue to better relations between the two countries. 签订这一协定更促进了两国的关系.

prolong
[prE'lCN; - -'lC:N; prE'lCN] v 1 [Tn] make (sth) longer, esp in time; extend 延长（某事物）（尤指时间）; 使延伸: * drugs that help to prolong life 延年益寿的药物 * They prolonged their visit by a few days. 他们把访问时间延长了几天. 2 (idm 习语) prolong the `agonymake an unpleasant experience, a tense situation, etc last longer than necessary 延长痛苦; 将不愉快的经历、 紧张局势等拖长: * Don't prolong the agony just tell us the result! 别再让我们着急了--快告诉我们结果吧! 派生： prolongation[7prEulCN'geiFn; - -lC:N-; 7prolCN'geFEn] n 1 [U] prolonging or being prolonged 延长; 延伸. 2 [C] addition or extension that prolongs sth 增加或延长的部分. prolonged adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] continuing for a long time 持续很久的; 长时间的: After prolonged questioning, she finally confessed. 她受到长时间的盘问之後, 终於承认了. * There will be prolonged delays for rail travellers. 乘火车的旅客要长时间受阻.

prom
[prCm; pram] n (infml 口) 1 (Brit) = promenade1a.2 (Brit) = promenade concert (promenade). 3 (US) (often formal) dance, esp one held by a class in high school or college （通常为隆重的）舞会（尤指高中或大学班级举办的）.

promenade
[7prCmE'na:d; - -'neid; 7pramE'ned] n 1 (a) (also Brit infml 英式英语口语作 prom) public place for walking, esp a paved area along the waterfront at the seaside 公共散步场所（尤指海滨经铺 者）. (b) (fml 文) walk or ride taken in public for exercise or pleasure （为运动或消遣的）散步, 骑马, 开车兜风. 2 (US) formal dance or ball （隆重的）舞会. 派生： promenade v (dated or fml 旧或文) 1 [I] take a leisurely walk or ride in public (esp along a promenade) （在公共场所）散步, 骑马, 开车兜风（尤指於海滨区）. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] (a) take (sb) up and down a promenade for exercise 带着（某人）在散步场所走动: She promenaded the children along the sea front after lunch. 她午饭後领着孩子们沿着海滨区散步. (b) walk with (sb) in public, esp in order to show him off 带着（某人）散步（尤指为招摇）: He proudly promenaded his elegant companion in the park. 他得意地领着他那标致的伴侣遛公园. promenader n 1 person who promenades 在公共场所（尤指海滨区）散步、 骑马或开车兜风的人. 2 person who (regularly) attends a promenade concert （经常）参加逍遥音乐会的人. 复合： prome`nade concert (also infml 口语作 prom) (Brit) concert at which part of the audience is in an area without seats where they listen to the music standing up 逍遥音乐会（部分听众在不设座位的场区站着欣赏音乐）. prome`nade deck covered upper deck of a passenger ship, where passengers may walk （客轮的上层有篷顶的）散步甲板.

prominent
[5prCminEnt; 5pramEnEnt] adj 1 jutting out; projecting 突出的; 凸出的: * prominent cheek-bones 突出的颧骨. 2 easily seen; conspicuous 显着的; 惹人注目的: * the most prominent feature in the landscape 风景中最显着的特色 * The house is in a prominent position on the village green. 那房子坐落在村中草地最显眼的地方. 3 distinguished or important 杰出的; 卓越的; 重要的: * play a prominent part in public life 在公共事务中起重要的作用 * a prominent political figure 杰出的政治人物. 派生： prominence[-Ens; -Ens] n 1 [U] state of being prominent 突出; 明显; 卓越; 重要: * a young writer who has recently come to/into prominence 近来崭露头角的青年作家 * The newspapers are giving the affair considerable prominence. 各报都以相当显着的地位报道了那件事. 2 [C] (fml 文) prominent thing, esp part of a landscape or building 突出的事物; 惹人注目的事物; （尤指）风景或建 物之突出部分: a small prominence in the middle of the level plain 平坦的原野中央的一块小小的凸地. prominently adv: The notice was prominently displayed.通知已张贴在很醒目的地方.

promiscuous
[prE'miskjuEs; prE'miskjuEs] adj 1 (derog 贬) not carefully chosen; indiscriminate or casual 不加选择的; 不加区别的; 随便的: * promiscuous friendships, ie ones made without careful choice 滥交. 2 (derog 贬) having (esp casual) sexual relations with many people 与多人发生性行为的; （尤指）性关系随便的: * promiscuous behaviour 性乱行为 * a promiscuous lover 有性乱行为的人. 3 (dated fml 旧, 文) mixed and disorderly; unsorted 混杂的; 杂乱的; 一团糟的: * piled upin a promiscuous heap 杂乱地堆作一团. > promiscuity/ 9prCmI5skju:EtI; 9prBmIs`kjuEtI/ n [U]: * sexual promiscuity 性乱行为. promiscuously adv

promise
1[5prCmis; 5pramis] n 1 [C] ~ (of sth) written or spoken declaration that one will give or do or not do sth 承诺; 许诺; 诺言; 保证书: * We received manypromises of help. 许多人答应帮助我们. * break/carry out/fulfil/give/keep/make a promise 违背诺言[履行诺言/实现诺言/给予保证/遵守诺言/作出允诺] * I told him the truth under a promise of secrecy. 我在他答应保守秘密之後把真相告诉了他. * I shall keep you/hold you to your promise. 我得让你遵守诺言. * `I'll come and see you soon.’ `Is that a promise?’ ‘我不久再来看你.’‘这话算数吗?’ 2 [C, U] ~ of sth indication that sth may be expected to come or occur; likelihood or hope of sth 可指望出现或发生某事物的迹象; 可能性; 希望: * There is a promise of better weather tomorrow. 明天天气可能更好. * There seems little promise of success for the expedition. 看来这次探险的成功希望不大. 3 [U] indication of future success or good results 将获得成就、 成果或成绩的迹象: * Her work/She shows great promise. 她的作品[她]大有前途. * a scholarship for young musicians of promise 为有发展前途的青年音乐家提供的奖学金. 4 (idm 习语) a lick and a promise => lick n.

promissory
[5prCmisEri; - -sC:ri; 5pramE7sCri] adj (fml 文) conveying a promise 应允的; 约定的; 许诺的. 复合： `promissory note signed document containing a promise to pay a stated sum of money on demand or on a specified date 本票; 期票.

promontory
[5prCmEntri; - -tC:ri; 5pramEn7tCri] n area of high land jutting out into the sea or a lake; headland （伸入海中或湖中的）悬崖; 岬; 海角. =>illus at coast 见coast插图.

promote
[prE'mEut; prE'mot] v 1 (a) [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: * Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (to sth) raise sb to a higher position or rank 提升、 晋升或擢升某人: * She worked hard and was soon promoted. 她工作很努力, 很快便获得提升. * His assistant was promoted over his head, ie above him. 他的助手获得提升, 地位超过了他. * The football team was promoted to the first division. 该足球队已晋升为甲级队. (b) [Tn.pr, Cn.n esp passive 尤用於被动语态] ~ sb (from sth) (to sth) (esp Brit) raise sb to the rank of (sth) 提升某人至（某职位）: * He was promoted to sergeant. 他已提升为中士. Cf 参看 demote. 2 [Tn] help the progress of (sth); encourage orsupport 促进, 增进（某事物）; 鼓励; 支持: * The organizationworks to promote friendship between nations. 该组织旨在促进各国之间的友谊. * promote a bill in Parliament, ie take the necessary steps for it to be passed 促使某法案在议会通过. 3 [Tn] publicize (sth) in order to sell it 宣传（某物）以促进销售: * a publicity campaign to promote her new book 为推销她的新书而开展的宣传活动. 派生： promoter n (a) person who organizes or finances (esp a business company or a sporting event) 发起人, 创办人, 筹办人, 赞助人（尤指对企业或体育比赛）:a boxing promoter 拳击比赛的筹办人. (b) ~ of sthsupporter of sth 某事物的支持者、 倡导者: an enthusiasticpromoter of good causes 有益活动的热心支持者.

promotion
[prE'mEuFn; prE'moFEn] n 1 (a) [U] raising or being raised to a higher rank or position 提升; 晋级: * gain/win promotion 获得晋级 * If you are successful, you can expect promotion. 你只要做出成绩, 就能指望获得提升. * [attrib 作定语] promotion prospects 晋升的可能性. (b) [C] instance of this 提升; 晋升: * The new job is a promotion for her. 这份新工作对她来说是一次提升. 2 [U] ~ of sth encouragement or aid to the progress of (a cause) （对某事业的）促进, 提倡, 赞助: * They worked for the promotion of world peace. 他们为促进世界和平而努力. 3 (a) [U] advertising or other activity intended to increase the sales of a product （为推销商品而作的）广告宣传, 推销活动: * She is responsible for sales promotion.她负责推销工作. * Advertising is often the most effective method of promotion. 做广告往往是最有效的推销方法. (b) [C] advertising or publicity campaign for a particularproduct （某商品的）推销广告或宣传活动: * We are doing a special promotion of our paperback list. 我们正在搞推销平装书的特别宣传活动. 派生： promotional[-FEnl; -FEnl] adj of or relating topromotion(3b) 推销的; 推销广告或宣传的: * a promotionaltour by the author 作者以推销作品为目的的巡游.

prompt
1[prCmpt; prampt] adj 1 done without delay; punctual 及时的; 迅速的; 准时的: * a prompt reply 及时的答覆 * Prompt payment of the invoice would be appreciated. 即付发票款项则不胜感谢. 2 ~ (in doing sth/to do sth) (of a person) acting without delay （指人）敏捷的, 动作迅速的: * She was very prompt in answering my letter. 她给我写回信非常及时. * They were prompt to respond to our call for help. 他们对我们的求助迅即回应. 派生： prompt adv punctually 准时地: at 6 o'clock prompt 在6点正. promptitude[5prCmptitju:d; - -tu:d; 5pramptE7tud] n [U] (fml 文) quality of being prompt; readiness to act 迅速; 敏捷. promptly adv: She replied promptly to my letter. 她立即给我写了回信. promptness n [U].

promulgate
[5prCmlgeit; 5pramEl7get] v [Tn] (fml 文) 1 make (sth) widely known; disseminate 宣扬（某事物）; 传播: * promulgate a belief, an idea, a theory, etc 传播信仰、 思想、 理论等. 2 announce officially (a decree, new law etc); proclaim 公布, 颁布（法令、 新法律等）; 宣布.> promulgation[7prCml'geiFn; 7pramEl'geFEn] n [U]:the promulgation of a treaty 条约的公布.

prone
[prEun; pron] adj 1 (of a person or his position) lying flat, esp face downwards （指人或其姿势）平卧的, （尤指）俯卧的: * lying prone 俯卧的 * in a prone position 成卧倒姿势. Cf 参看 prostrate 1, supine 1. 2 (a) [pred 作表语] ~ to sth/to do sth liable to sth or likely to do sth; inclined to do sth 易於某事物; 很可能做某事; 有做某事的倾向: * prone to infection after a cut scratch 割伤之後易受感染 * prone to fall asleep on long car journeys 乘汽车走长路时容易打盹 * He is prone to lose his temper when people disagree with him. 人家一不同意他的意见,他就发脾气. (b) (in compounds 用以构成复合词) liableor susceptible to sth specified (esp sth undesirable) 对某事物（尤指厌恶的事）有倾向或可能性的: * The childis rather `accident-prone. 那个小孩很容易出事儿. * `strike-prone industries 易闹罢工的行业. > proneness[5prEunnis; 5pronnis] n [U]: * proneness to injury 易受伤的特性.

prong
[prCN; - prC:N; prCN] n each of the two or more long pointed parts of a fork （叉的）尖齿: * One of the prongs of the garden fork went through his foot. 园艺叉子的一个尖齿把他的脚扎了. =>illus at fork 见fork插图. 派生： -pronged (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having the number or type of prongs specified有某数量或类型的尖齿的: a ,four-pronged `fork * (fig 比喻) a three-pronged at`tack, ie one made by three separate forces, usu advancing from different directions.

pronominal
[prEu'nCminl; prE'namEnl] adj (grammar) of or like a pronoun 代词（性）的. 派生： pronominally[-nEli; -nli] adv (grammar) as a pronoun 作为代词: * a word used pronominally 用作代词的词.

pronoun
[5prEunaun; 5pronaun] n (grammar) word used in place of a noun or noun phrase, eg he, it, hers, me, them, etc 代词（代替名词或名词词组者, 如 he、 it、 hers、 me、 them等）: * demonstrative/ interrogative/ personal/ possessive/ relative pronouns 指示[疑问/人称/物主/关系]代词.

pronounce
[prE'nauns; prE'nauns] v 1 [Tn] make the sound of (a word or letter) (in a particular way) 发（词或字母）的音: * People pronounce the word differently in this part of the country. 在国内这一地区, 这个单词的发音不同. * How do you pronounce p-h-l-e-g-m? Look up `phlegm' in the dictionary if you don't know. 怎样念p-h-l-e-g-m这个词? 你要是不会念, 可查词典中phlegm的注音. * The `b' in `debt' is not pronounced. debt中的b不发音. 2 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tf, Cn.a] declare or announce (sth) esp formally, solemnly or officially 宣称, 宣布（某事物）（尤指正式地、 郑重地或以官方形式）: * pronounce judgement on the issue 宣布对这一问题的判决 * The doctors pronounced him to be/that he was no longer in danger. 医生宣称他已脱离危脸. (b) [Cn.a esp passive 尤用於被动语态] declare (sth) as a consideredopinion 断言（某事物）; 表示: * The dinner was pronounced excellent by all the guests. 所有的客人都说这顿饭好极了. * She pronounced herself satisfied with the results. 她对那结果表示满意. 3 [Ipr] (a) ~ for/against sb/sth(law 律) pass judgement in court in favour of/against sb/sth 判决有利於[不利於]某人[某事物]: * The judge pronounced against her appeal. 法官驳回了她的上诉请求. * The inquiry pronounced for the protesters against the scheme. 调查结果断定反对这一方案者获胜. (b) ~ on/upon sth express one's opinion on sth, esp formally 就某事物发表意见; （尤指）正式表态: * The minister was asked to pronounce on the proposed new legislation. 要求部长对提出的新法案表态. 派生： pronounceable[-Ebl; -Ebl] adj (of sounds or words) that can be pronounced （指声音）发得出的; （指词）可发音的: * I find some of the place-names barely pronounceable. 我发现有些地名简直没法念. pronounced adj 1 very noticeable 非常明显的: a pronounced limp 明显的跛行. 2 (of opinions, views, etc) strongly felt; definite （指意见、 观点等）被充分感知的, 明确的: She has very pronounced views on the importance of correct spelling. 她极力主张拼写正确是十分重要的. pronouncedly adv.

pronounce1
pronouncement n ~ (on sth) formal statement or declaration 公告; 声明: There has been no official pronouncement yet on the state of the president's health. 官方尚未就总统的健康状况发表公告.

pronto
[5prCntEu; 5pranto] adv (infml 口) at once; quickly 立刻; 马上; 很快地: * I want this rubbish cleared away pronto! 把这些垃圾立即给我弄走!

pronunciation
[prE7nQnsi'eiFn; prE7nQnsi'eFEn] n 1 (a)[U] way in which a language is spoken （一种语言的）发音（法）: * She had difficulty learning English pronunciation. 她学习英语发音有困难. (b) way a person speaks (the words of) a language （一个人的）发音, 发音方式: * Their English pronunciation is not good, but it is improving. 他们的英语发音不够好, 但正在改进. 2 [C] way in which a word is pronounced （一个字的）发音（法）, 读法: * Which of these three pronunciations is the most usual? 这叁种读法中, 哪一种最常用?

proof
1[pru:f; pruf] n 1 [C, U] (piece of) evidence that shows, or helps to show, that sth is true or is a fact 证据; 证物; 证言: * What proofs have you that the statement is correct? 你有什麽证据可以证明这种说法是正确的呢? * Have you any proof that you are the owner of the car? 你有证据证明这汽车是属於你的吗? * written proof 书面证明 * documentary proof of his ownership of the land 证明他领有该地的文件. 2 [U] testing of whether sth is true or a fact; demonstration or proving 验证; 证明; 证实: * Is the claim capable of proof? 这要求能证明是合理的吗? 3 [U] standard of strength in distilled alcoholic liquors on a scale in which proof spirit is 100% （酒的）标准酒精度: * The liquor is 80% proof. 这种酒为标准度数的80%. * The rum is 30% below proof. 朗姆酒低於标准度数30%. 4 (a) [C esp pl 尤作复数] trial copy of printed material produced so that corrections may be made 校样: * check/correct/read the proofs of a book 校对[修改/审阅]某书的校样 * pass the proofs for press, ie approve them, so that printing may begin 同意清样付印 * galley-/page-proofs 长条[分页]校样 * [attrib 作定语] a proof copy 校样稿. (b) [C] trial print of a photograph 照相样片: * proofs of the wedding photos 结婚照的样片. (c) [U] stage in book production when proofs have been made : * I read the book in proof. 我审阅了这书的样稿. 5 [C] (mathematics 数) sequence of steps or statements that shows the truth of a proposition 验算; 验证: * the proof of a theorem, ie in geometry （几何）定理的证明. 6 (idm 习语) be living proof of sth => living. the proof of the `pudding (is in the `eating) (saying 谚) the real value of sb/sth can be judged only from practical experience and not from appearance or theory 布丁好不好, 吃了才知道（评价人或事物只能凭 实际体验不能凭表象或理论）:

proof1
* The new machine is supposed to be the solution to all our production problems, but the proof of the pudding is in the eating. 新机器按说能够解决我们生产上的一切问题, 然而能否做到这一点还有待於实践的检验. put sb/sth to the `proof/`test test sb/sth; test the truth of sth 考验某人[某事物]; 对某事物的真实性加以检验: * Let's put his theory to the proof. 让我们来检验一下他的说法吧. * The crisis put his courage and skill to the test. 这次危难是对他的勇气和技能的考验. 复合： `proof-read v [I, Tn] read and correct (proofs) 校对: It is part of your duties to proof-read. 校对是你的分内之事. * proof-read twenty pages 校对二十页. `proof-reader n. ,proof `spirit mixture of alcohol and water at standard strength 标准烈度的酒.

prop
jet

propaganda
[7prCpE'gAndE; 7prapE'gAndE] n [U] (a) publicity that is intended to spread ideas or information which will persuade or convince people （观念的）宣传; （信息的）传播: * There has been so much propaganda against smoking that many people have given it up. 反对吸烟的宣传很多, 许多人因而戒了烟. (b) (derog 贬) ideas or statements that are intended as publicity for a particular (political) cause but are (often) presented as being unbiased 为某（政治）利益服务却（常作）貌似不含偏见的宣传: * The play is sheer political propaganda. 那出戏剧纯属政治宣传. * The people want information from the government, not propaganda. 人民要政府讲实话, 而不是玩弄宣传伎俩. * [attrib 作定语] propaganda films, plays, posters, etc 宣传的影片、 戏剧、 海报等. 派生： propagandist[-dist; -dist] n (often derog 常作贬义) person who creates or spreads propaganda 宣传者; 鼓吹者: * anti-smoking propagandists 宣传戒烟者 * political propagandists 政治宣传家. propagandize, -ise[-daiz; -daiz] v (fml often derog 文, 常作贬义) (a) [I] spread or organize propaganda （进行）宣传; 搞宣传活动. (b) [Tn] spread (sth) bypropaganda 宣传（某事物）: * propagandize political ideology宣传政治观点. (c) [Tn] spread propaganda to (a group, class, nation, etc) 向（某团体、 阶级、 国家等）宣传.

propagate
[5prCpEgeit; 5prapE7get] v 1 [Tn] increase the number of (plants, animals, etc) by a natural processfrom the parent stock 繁殖（动植物等）; 使增殖: * propagate plants from seeds and cuttings 由种子和枝条繁殖植物 * propagate plants by taking cuttings 藉插枝繁殖植物. 2 [I, Tn] (of plants) reproduce (themselves) （指植物）繁殖, 繁衍, 增殖: * Plants won't propagate in these conditions.植物在这种条件下不能繁殖. * Trees propagate themselves by seeds. 树木靠种子繁衍. 3 [Tn] (fml 文) spread (views, knowledge, beliefs, etc) more widely 传播（观点、 知识、 信仰等）: * Missionaries went far afield to propagate their faith. 传教士到远方去传播其信仰. 4 [Tn] (fml 文) cause or allow (sth) to pass through sth; transmit 促使或准许（某物）通过他物; 传导; 传送: * propagate vibrations through rock 通过岩石传导震动. 派生： propagation[7prCpE'geiFn; 7prapE'geFEn] n [U] propagating or being propagated 繁殖; 增殖; 传播; 传送: * the propagation of plants from cuttings 植物的插枝繁殖. propagator person or thing that propagates 繁殖者; 传播者: tomato plants growing in a propagator 在繁育场中栽培的西红柿植株.

propane
[5prEupein; 5propen] n [U] (chemistry 化) type of colourless gas, found in natural gas and petroleum and used as a fuel 丙烷.

propel
[prE'pel; prE'pel] v (-ll-) [Tn, Tn.pr] move, driveor push (sth) forward 推进, 驱动, 推（某物）: * mechanically propelled vehicles 机动车辆 * a boat propelled by oars 用桨划的船 * (fig 比喻) His addiction to drugs propelled him towards a life of crime. 他吸毒成瘾使他走上犯罪的道路. 派生： propellant (also propellent)[-Ent; -Ent] n [C, U] propelling agent, eg an explosive that propels a bullet from a weapon, a fuel that provides thrust for a rocket, or compressed gas that forces out the contents of an aerosol container 推进剂（如武器的发射火药、 火箭的燃料、 喷雾容器中用以产生压力的压缩气体等）. propellent[-Ent; -Ent] adj that propels 推进的; 起推动作用的: * a propellent agent 推进剂. propeller (also `screw-propeller, infml 口语作 prop) n two or more spiral blades fixed to a revolving shaft for propelling a ship or an aircraft （轮船或飞机的）推进器, 螺旋桨. 复合： pro,pelling `pencil pencil with a lead that can be moved forwards by turning the outer case 自动铅笔.

propensity
[prE'pensEti; prE'pensEti] n ~ (for/to/ towards sth); ~ (for doing/to do sth) (fml 文) inclination or tendency 倾向; 习性: a propensity to exaggerate/towards exaggeration 浮夸的倾向 * a propensity for getting into debt 借债的习性.

proper
[5prCpE(r); 5prapl] adj 1 (a) that fits, belongs or is suitable; fitting or appropriate 适合的; 适当的; 适宜的; 适用的; 恰当的: * clothes proper for the occasion 适於那种场合的衣服 * the proper tool for the job 适用於这种工作的工具 * The teapot has lost its proper lid but this one will do instead. 茶壶盖儿不见了, 但这个可代替使用. (b) [attrib 作定语] according to the rules; right or correct 遵守规则的; 正确的; 对的: * the proper way to hold the bat 正确的执拍方法 * The reels of film were not in the proper order. 电影胶片卷盘的顺序弄错了. 2according to or respecting social conventions; respectable遵照或尊重社会习俗的; 可敬的; 体面的: * After a very proper upbringing he chose to lead the Bohemian life of an artist. 他受过正统的教育, 却立意过着艺术家我行我素的生活. * She's not at all a proper person for you to know. 她可不是正派人, 你不应该结识她. Cf 参看 improper. 3 (a) [attrib 作定语] (infml 口) being in fact what it is called; genuine 名副其实的; 真正的: * She hadn't had a proper holiday for years. 多年来她都没有过真正的假期. * It was discovered that he was not a proper (ie qualified) doctor. 已经发现他并不是合格的医生. (b) (placed after the n 置於名词之後) strictly so called; itself 严格而言的; 本身的: * You have to wait in a large entrance hall before being shown into the court proper. 进入皇宫时先要在入口大厅等候, 由人带领进入正殿. * Students have to do a year's preparation before they start the degree course proper. 学生要先念一年预科, 然後才能开始攻读学位课程. 4 [attrib 作定语] (infml 口) thorough; complete 彻底的; 十足的: * We're in a proper mess now. 我们现在真是一团糟. * He gave the burglar a proper hiding, ie beat him thoroughly. 他给了那窃贼一顿痛打. 5 (idm 习语) do the proper/right thing (by sb) => thing. prim and proper => prim.

proper1
派生： properly adv 1 in a proper manner 适当地; 恰当地; 循规蹈矩地; 正确地; 可敬地; 真正地; 严格地: She will have to learn to behave properly. 她要懂得检点些. * Do it properly or don't do it at all. 要干就得好好干. * He is not properly (ie strictly) speaking a member of the staff. 严格说来, 他不算是职员. 2 (infml 口) thoroughly 彻底地: He got properly beaten by the world champion. 他被那个世界冠军打得惨败. 复合： ,proper `fraction (mathematics 数) fraction that has a lower number above the line than below 真分数: , , --- are proper fractions. property /// [5prCpEti; 5praplti] n 1 [U] thing or things owned; possession (s) 所有物; 财产; 资产: * Don't touch those tools they are not your property. 不要动那些工具--那不是你的东西. * The jewels were her personal property. 这些首饰是她的私人财产. 2 (a) [U] land and buildings; real estate 房地产; 不动产: * a man/woman of property, ie one who owns property 有房地产的男人[女人] * She invested her money in property. 她进行房地产投资. * [attrib 作定语] property development, management,speculation 房地产开发、 管理、 投机. (b) [C] (fml 文) piece of land and its buildings （一处）房地产: * He has a property in the West Country. 他在英格兰西南部有一处房地产. * A fence divides the two properties. 有一道栅栏隔着这两处房地产. 3 [U] (fml 文) owning or being owned; ownership 所有; 所有权: * Property brings duties and responsibilities. 有了财产也就有了义务和责任.4 [C esp pl 尤作复数] (fml 文) special quality or characteristic of a substance, etc （物质等的）特性, 性质: * Certain plants have medicinal (ie healing) properties. 某些植物具有药物效用. * the soothing properties of an ointment 一种油膏的止痛性能 * Paraffin has the property of dissolving grease. 石蜡具有溶解油脂的特性. 5 [C usu pl 通常作复数] (also infml 口语作 prop) (on a stage or a film set) movable object, eg a piece of furniture or a costume, used in a performance （舞台上或电影布景中）表演用的可移动物件（道具或服装）: * She was responsible for buying the properties for the television series. 她负责采购电视系列片所用的道具. 6 (idm 习语) public property => public. 派生： propertied[5prCpEtid; 5prapltid] adj (fml 文) owning property, esp land 有产的; （尤指）有地产的: * The tax will affect only the propertied classes. 该税项仅影响有房地产的阶层.

prophecy
[5prCfEsi; 5prafEsi] n 1 [U] (power of) saying what will happen in the future 预言（能力）: * He seemed to have the gift of prophecy. 他似乎有预言的天赋. * All these events had been revealed by prophecy. 所有这些事以前都有过预言. 2 [C] statement that tells what will happen in the future 预言: * prophecies of disaster 对灾祸的预言 * Her prophecy was proved to be correct. 她的预言都已实现.

prophesy
[5prCfEsai; 5prafE7sai] v (pt, pp -sied) 1 [I, Ip] ~ (of sth) foretell future events; speak as a prophet; make prophecies 预告未来; 作预言. 2 [Tn, Tf, Tw] say (what will happen in the future); foretell 预告（某事）; 预言: * He prophesied the strange events that were to come. 他预言要有怪事发生. * They prophesied correctly that the Conservatives would win the election. 他们预言保守党人在选举中获胜, 果然不出所料. * He refused to prophesy when the economy would begin to improve. 他不愿推测经济何时好转.

prophet
[5prCfit; 5prafit] n (fem 阴性作 prophetess/ 5prCfItes, also 9prCfI5tes; `prBfItIs/) 1 [C] person who tells, or claims to be able to tell, what will happen in the future 预言者; 预言家: * (joc 谑) I'm afraid I'm no weather prophet. 我可不会预测天气. 2 (a) (also Prophet) [C] (in the Christian, Jewish and Muslim religions) person who teaches religion and is, or claims to be, inspired by God （基督教、 犹太教及伊斯兰教的）先知（宣讲教义并称受到神灵启示者）: * the Prophets of the Old Testament 《旧约》中的先知. (b) the Prophet [sing] the founder of the Muslim religion, Mohammed 穆罕默德（伊斯兰教创立人）. (c) the Prophets [pl] the prophetical books of the Old Testament （《旧约》中的）先知书. 3 [C] ~ (of sth) spokesman or advocate of a new belief, cause, theory, etc （一种新的信仰、 事业、 理论等的）鼓吹者, 提倡者: * William Morris was one of the early prophets of socialism. 威廉．莫里斯是社会主义的早期鼓吹者之一. 4 (idm 习语) a ,prophet of `doom person who holds or expresses pessimistic views about sth, esp about the future of the world 对某事物（尤指对世界的未来）持悲观看法或散布悲观言论者: * If we had listened to the prophets of doom, we would never have started the project. 要是我们听信那些悲观者的论调, 那工程就永远不可能上马.

prophetic
[prE'fetik; prE'fetik] (also prophetical/ prE5fetIkl; prEfZtIkl/) adj (fml 文) 1 of or like a prophet or prophets （似）预言家的; （似）先知的. 2 ~ (of sth) predicting or containing a prediction 预言的; 预告的; 含预言成分的: * prophetic remarks 带有预言性质的话 * Her early achievements were prophetic of her future greatness. 她早期的成就预示了她日後卓尔不群. > prophetically[-kli; -kli] adv: * We were to realize years later how prophetically he spoke on that occasion. 若干年後我们就能体会他当时说的话多有预见.

prophylactic
[7prCfi'lAktik; 7prafE'lAktik] adj (fml 文) tending to prevent a disease or misfortune 预防（疾病或灾祸）的. 派生： prophylactic n (fml 文) 1 prophylactic medicine, device or course of action 有预防作用的药物、 器具、 措施或方法. 2 (esp US) = condom. prophylaxis[-'lAksis; -'lAksis] n [U] (fml 文) preventive treatment against disease, etc （疾病等的）预防.

propinquity
[prE'piNkwEti; prE'piNkwEti] n [U] (fml 文) (a) nearness in space or time （空间或时间上的）接近, 邻近: * The neighbours lived in close propinquity toeach other. 这些邻居住得很近. (b) close blood relationship; consanguinity 近亲关系; 血亲.

propitiate
[prE'piFieit; prE'piFi7et] v [Tn] (fml 文) win the favour or forgiveness of (sb) (esp when he is angry) by a pleasing act; appease or placate 讨好（某人）; 求得（某人）原谅; （尤指）哄（某人）息怒; 劝解; 抚慰: * They offered sacrifices to propitiate the gods. 他们供奉祭品以求神息怒. 派生： propitiation/prE7piFi'eiFn; prE7piFi'eFEn] n [U] ~ (of sb); ~ (for sth): * propitiation of the gods 求神饶恕 * in propitiation for their sins 以宽恕他们的罪过. propitiatory/prE'piFiEtri; - -tC:ri; prE'piFiE7tCri] adj (fml 文) serving or intended to propitiate 谋求好感的;请求原谅的; 哄人息怒的; 劝解的; 抚慰的: * a propitiatory gift, remark, smile 赔礼道歉的礼物、 言语、 微笑.

propitious
[prE'piFEs; prE'piFEs] adj ~ (for sth) (fml 文) giving or indicating a good chance of success; favourable 吉利的; 有利的: * It was not a propitious time to start a new business. 这时候开张不吉利. * The circumstances were not propitious for further expansion of the company. 这些情况不利於公司的进一步发展. > propitiously adv.

proponent
[prE'pEunEnt; prE'ponEnt] n ~ (of sth) person who supports a cause, theory, etc （某事业、 理论等的）支持者, 拥护者, 倡导者: * one of the leading proponents of the Channel Tunnel 修建英吉利海峡隧道的主要倡议者之一.

proportion
[prE'pC:Fn; prE'pCrFEn] n 1 [C] comparative part or share of a whole; fraction 部分; 份儿; 局部: * a large proportion of the earth's surface 地球表面的大部分 * The proportion of the population still speaking the dialect is very small. 只有少数居民仍使用这种方言. * A fixed proportion of the fund is invested in British firms. 资金中有一固定部分是投资於英国企业的. 2 [U] ~ (of sth to sth) relation of one thing to another in quantity, size, etc; ratio 一物与他物在数量、 大小等方面的关系; 比例; 比: * The proportion of imports to exports (ie excess of imports over exports) is worrying the government. 进口与出口的比例（入超）令政府担忧. * the proportion of passes to failures in the final examination 期末考试中及格者与不及格者的比例 * What is the proportion of men to women in the population? 人口中男女的比例是多少? 3 [U, C usu pl 作不可数名词或可数名词, 後者通常作复数] correct or ideal relation in size, degree, etc between one thing and another or between the parts of a whole 均衡; 匀称; 协调; 和谐: * the classical proportions of the room 这房间的匀称协调 * The two windows are in admirable proportion. 这两扇窗户十分相称. 4 proportions[pl] measurements or dimensions; size 面积; 体积; 规模; 程度; 大小: * a ship of impressive proportions 巨大的船 * a painting of huge proportions 一幅巨画. 5 [U] (mathematics 数) relationship between four numbers in which the ratio of the first two equals the ratio of the second two 比例: * `4 is to 8 as 6 is to 12' is a statement of proportion. ‘4比8与6比12的比例相等’是一种有关比例的陈述. 6 (idm 习语) ,in `proportion (a) in the correct relation to other things 相称; 符合比例: * Try to draw the figures in the foreground in proportion. 要把前景中的人物画得合比例. * Her features are in proportion, ie are of the correct size relative to each other. 她五官端正.

proportion1
* get/see things in proportion 办事情[看问题]恰如其分 * Try to see the problem in proportion -- it could be far worse. 看问题要恰如其分--事情有可能糟得多. (b) (mathematics 数) having equal ratios 有相同的比值: * 5/8 and 10/16 are in proportion. 5/8 和 10/16 比值相同. in proportion to sth relative to sth 相对於某事物来说; 与某物成比例: * The room is wide in proportion to its height. 这房间就其高度的比例而言是很宽的. * Payment will be in proportion to the work done, not to the time spent doing it. 报酬将与工作量成比例, 而不是与花费的时间成比例. ,out of `proportion (to sth) in the wrong relation (to other things) 不相称; 不成比例: * The figures of the horses in the foreground are out of proportion.前景中的马画得不成比例. * Her head is out of proportion to the size of her body. 她的头部与身体大小不成比例. out of (all) proportion to sth too large, serious, etc in relation to sth 对某事物来说过大、 过於严重等: * prices out of all proportion to income 与收入完全脱节的高价 * punishment that was out of all proportion to the offence committed 罚不当罪. 派生： proportioned adj (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) having the proportions (proportion 4) specified（面积、 体积、 规模、 程度、 大小）有某种比例关系的: a well-proportioned room 各方面都很匀称的房间.

proportional
[prE'pC:FEnl; prE'pCrFEnl] adj ~ (to sth) (fml 文) corresponding in size, amount or degree (to sth); in the correct proportion （与某事物在大小、 数量或程度上）相称的, 成比例的: * Payment will be proportional to the amount of work done. 酬金将与工作量成比例. > proportionally[-FEnEli; -FnEli] adv. 复合： pro,portional ,represen`tation (abbr 缩写 PR) electoral system that gives each party a number of seats in proportion to the number of votes its candidates receive 比例代表制（按各政党候选人所得票数之比例分配席位的选举制度）. Cf 参看 first past the post (first1).

proportionate
[prE'pC:FEnEt; prE'pCrFEnit] adj ~ (to sth) (fml 文) in proportion (to sth); corresponding to sth （与某事物）成比例的; 与某事物相称的: * The price increases are proportionate to the increases in the costs of production. 价格的上涨与生产成本的增加成比例. > proportionately adv: * Costs have risen, and prices will rise proportionately. 成本增加了, 价格也要相应提高.

proposal
[prE'pEuzl; prE'pozl] n 1 [U] action of suggesting or putting forward 提议; 建议: * the proposal of new terms for a peace treaty 缔结和平条约新条款的建议. 2 [C] ~ (for sth/doing sth); ~ (to do sth) thing that is suggested; plan or scheme 提案; 建议; 计画; 方案: * a proposal for uniting the two companies 将两公司联合起来的建议 * Various proposals were put forward for increasing sales. 为提高销售额而提出了各种的建议. * a proposal to offer a discount to regular customers 对经常性的主顾予以折扣优惠的方案. 3 [C] suggestion or request, esp from a man to a woman, that the two should marry 求婚（尤指男向女）: * She had had many proposals (of marriage) but preferred to remain single. 许多人向她求过婚, 但她愿过独身生活.

propose
[prE'pEuz; prE'poz] v 1 [Tn, Tf, Tg] offer or put forward (sth) for consideration; suggest 提议, 建议（某事物）: * The motion (ie for debate) was proposed by Mr X and seconded by Mrs Y. 那动议经X先生提出有Y夫人附议. * The committee proposed that new legislation should be drafted. 委员会建议着手起草新法规. Cf 参看 second3 2. 2 [Tn, Tt, Tg] have (sth) as one's plan or intention; intend 打算, 计画（某事物）; 意欲: * I propose an early start/to make an early start/making an early start tomorrow. 我打算明天早早出发. 3 [I, Ipr, Tn, Dn.pr] ~ (sth) (to sb) suggest or offer marriage (to sb), esp formally （向某人）求婚（尤指正式地）: * He was trying to decide whether he should propose (to her). 他反覆思量是否该（向她）求婚. * He had proposed marriage, unsuccessfully, twice already. 他已经两次求婚, 均未成功. 4 [Tn.pr, Cn.n/a] ~ sb for sth; ~ sb as sth put forward (sb/sb's name) for an office, membership of a club, etc; nominate sb 推荐（某人）（担任某职、 成为某俱乐部之成员等）; 提名某人: * propose him for membership of the society 推荐他为协会会员 * I propose Mary Davies as a candidate for the presidency. 我提名玛丽．戴维斯为总裁候选人. 5 (idm 习语) propose sb's `health/a `toast ask people to drink to sb's health and happiness 提议为某人的健康和幸福而乾杯: * I should like to propose a toast to the bride and bridegroom. 我提议为新娘新郎的幸福乾杯. 派生： proposer n person who proposes (esp a motion, a candidate for office, etc) 提议人; 建议人; （尤指）提出动议者, 推荐者. Cf 参看 seconder (second3).

proposition
[7prCpE'ziFn; 7prapE'ziFEn] n 1 ~ (that...)statement that expresses a judgement or an opinion; assertion 观点; 见解; 主张: * The proposition is so clear that it needs no explanation. 观点十分明确, 无须解释. 2 ~ (to do sth/that...) thing that is proposed, esp in business; suggestion 提议, 建议（尤指业务上的）: * I made what I hoped was an attractive proposition. 我希望我提的建议能吸引买家. * a proposition to merge the two firms/that the two firms should merge 将两家商行合并的提议. 3 (infml 口) matter to be dealt with; problem or task要处理的事; 问题; 任务: * It's a tough/not an easy proposition. 这是一件棘手的[不好办的]事. * Keeping a shop in this village is not a paying proposition, ie not profitable. 在这个村子里开设商店是一桩亏本的买卖. 4 (geometry 几) formal statement of a theorem or problem, usu containing its proof 定理; 命题. 派生： proposition v [Tn] propose sexual intercourse to (a woman), esp in a direct and offensive way 向（女方）提出性交要求（尤指直言而放肆）; 求欢: She was propositioned several times in the course of the evening. 整个晚上有人几次向她提出非分要求.

propound
[prE'paund; prE'paund] v [Tn] (fml 文) put (sth) forward for consideration or solution 将（某事物）提请考虑; 提出（某事物）以求解决: * propound an idea, a problem, a question, a theory, etc 提出一个主意、 一个问题、 一个疑问、 一种理论等.

proprietary
[prE'praiEtri; - -teri; prE'praiE7teri] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] 1 (a) (of goods) manufactured and sold by a particular firm, usu under patent （指货物）独家制造和销售的, （通常指）专利的: * proprietary medicines 专卖药品 * proprietary brands 专利商标. (b) (in this dictionary abbreviated as propr) (of a brand name) owned and used exclusively by a particular firm （本词典略作propr专利名）（指商标名称）专利的: * a proprietary name, eg Kodak for cameras and films 专利名称（如照相机及胶片所用的柯达牌商标） * `Xerox' is a proprietary name and may not be used by other makers of photocopiers. ‘施乐’为专利名称, 制造复印机的其他厂家不得采用. 2 of or relating to an owner or ownership 所有的; 所有权的: * proprietary rights 所有权.

proprietor
[prE'praiEtE(r); prE'praiEtl] n (fem 阴性作 proprietress/prE'praiEtris; prE'praiEtris] ) owner, esp of a business firm, hotel or patent 所有者, 业主, 老板（尤指商行、 旅馆或专利）: * Complaints about standards of service should be addressed to the proprietor. 对服务态度有意见者可向老板投诉. * a newspaper proprietor 报纸老板. 派生： proprietorial/prE7praiE'tC:riEl; prE7praiE'tCriEl] adj (often derog 常作贬义) of, like or relating to a proprietor 所有者的; 俨然如所有者的; 与所有者有关的: * She resented the proprietorial way he used her car for trips about town. 他把她的汽车当成自己的车在城里开着到处跑, 她对此十分不满.

propriety
[prE'praiEti; prE'praiEti] n (fml 文) 1 (a) [U] state of being correct in one's social or moral behaviour 合乎社交或道德规范的举止; 得体: * behave with perfect propriety 举止极为得体 * The way tourists dress offends local standards of propriety. 这些游客的穿着在当地人的眼中简直不成体统. (b) the proprieties [pl] details of the rules of correct behaviour 行为规范; 礼节; 规矩: * Her use of obscene language offends against the proprieties. 她使用下流的语言是很失礼的事. * Be careful to observe the proprieties. 注意遵守礼仪. 2 [U] ~ (of sth) rightness or suitability; fitness 正确; 适当; 合宜: * I am doubtful about the propriety of granting such a request, ie doubt whether it is right. 我怀疑答应这项要求是否合适.

propulsion
[prE'pQlFn; prE'pQlFEn] n [U] driving (sth) forward or being driven forward 推进: * changes in the fuel used for propulsion 用以产生推进力的燃料之改变 * jet propulsion, ie by means of jet engines 喷气推进（使用喷气式发动机）. 派生： propulsive/prE'pQlsiv; prE'pQlsiv] adj (fml 文) that drives sth (esp a vehicle) forward 对某物（尤指机动交通工具）起推进作用的, 推进的, 有推进力的: * propulsive power, forces, gases 起推进作用的动力、 力量、 气体.

prorogue
[prE'rEug; prE'rog] v [Tn] (fml 文) bring (a session of Parliament) to an end without dissolvingParliament (so that unfinished business may be continuedin the next session) 使（议会）休会. 派生： prorogation[7prEurE'geiFn; 7prorE'geFEn] n [C, U] (fml 文) (instance of) proroguing （议会的）休会.

prosaic
[prE'zeiik; pro'zeik] adj (a) uninspired; unimaginative 无灵感的; 无想像力的: * a prosaic metaphor, style, writer 平庸的比喻、 风格、 作家 * a prosaic description of the scene 枯燥无味的场景描写. (b) dull and commonplace; unromantic 无聊的; 平凡的; 乏味的: * her prosaic life as a housewife 她身为家庭妇女的平淡生活. > prosaically[-kli; -kli] adv.

proscenium
[prE'si:niEm; pro'siniEm] n (in a theatre) the part of the stage in front of the curtain （剧院）幕布前的舞台部分, 舞台前部. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page ix. 复合： pro,scenium `arch arch above this space, which forms a frame for the stage when the curtain is opened 舞台上的拱形框架; 台口.

proscribe
[prE'skraib; - prEu-; pro'skraib] v [Tn] (fml 文) 1 state officially that (sth) is dangerous or forbidden 正式宣布（某事物）有危险或被禁止: * The sale of narcotics is proscribed by law. 法律禁止贩卖毒品. 2 (formerly) place (sb) outside the protection of the law; outlaw （旧时）剥夺对（某人）的法律保护, 使失去法律保障. 派生： proscription/prE'skripFn; - prEu-; pro'skripFEn] n [C, U] (fml 文) (instance of) proscribing or beingproscribed 禁止; 剥夺权利: * the proscription of newspapers critical of the government 批评政府的报纸被禁.

prose
[prEuz; proz] n [U] written or spoken language that is not in verse form 散文（区别於韵文）: * a page of well-written prose 一篇写得很好的散文 * [attrib 作定语] the great prose writers of the 19th century 19世纪的伟大散文作家. Cf 参看 poetry1, verse.

prosecute
[5prCsikju:t; 5prasi7kjut] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth/doing sth) bring a criminal charge against sb in a court of law 检举、 告发某人; 对某人提起公诉: * Trespassers will be prosecuted. 闲人免进, 违者必究. * He was prosecuted for exceeding the speed limit. 他因超速行车而被起诉. * the prosecuting lawyer, ie the one representing the prosecution 代表原告的律师. 2 [Tn] (fml 文) continue to be occupied with (sth) 继续从事（某事物）: * prosecute a war, one's inquiries, one's studies 进行战争、 调查、 研究. 派生： prosecutor[5prCsikju:tE(r); 5prasi7kjutl] n person who prosecutes in a court of law 检举人; 告发人; 起诉人; 公诉人; 原告.

prosecution
[7prCsi'kju:Fn; 7prasi'kjuFEn] n 1 (a) [U] prosecuting (prosecute 1) or being prosecuted for acriminal offence （被）检举; （被）告发; （被）起诉: * Failureto pay your taxes will make you liable to prosecution. 不缴纳税款就可能被起诉. (b) [C] instance of this （被）检举; （被）告发; （被）起诉: * There have been several successfulprosecutions for drug smuggling recently. 近来有几起毒品走私活动被检举立案. 2 the prosecution [Gp] person or body that prosecutes in a lawcourt together with lawyers, advisers, etc 原告; 原告方面, 控方（包括律师、法律顾问等）: * Mr Smith acted as counsel for the prosecution.史密斯先生担任原告的律师. * The prosecution based their case on the evidence of two witnesses. 原告方面以两名证人所提供的证据提起诉讼. Cf 参看 defence 2. 3 [U] the ~ of sth (fml 文) carrying out or being occupied with sth 实行; 进行; 从事: * In the prosecution of his duties he had met with a good deal of resistance. 他在执行职务中遇到许多阻力.

proselyte
[5prCsElait; 5prasl7ait] n (fml 文) person who has been converted from one set of religious, political, etc beliefs to another 改变宗教、 政治等信仰的人. 派生： proselytize, -ise[5prCsElitaiz; 5prasElit7aiz] v [I, Tn] (fml 文) (try to) persuade (others) to accept one's own beliefs, religion, etc （尽量）劝诱（他人）接受自己的信仰、 宗教等: * going round the country proselytizing 到全国各地进行信仰宣传活动 * attempts to proselytize the younger generation 向年轻一代进行信仰方面的宣传.

prosody
[5prCsEdi; 5prasEdi] n [U] 1 science of verse forms and poetic metres 韵文学; 诗体学. 2 (study of the) rhythm, pause, tempo, stress and pitch features of alanguage （某语言的）韵律（学）. > prosodic/prE'sCdik; prE'sadik] adj.

prospect
1[5prCspekt; 5praspekt] n 1 [C] (a) (dated 旧) wide view of a landscape, etc 景象; 景色; 景观: * a magnificient prospect of mountain peaks and lakes 山峰和湖泊的壮丽景色. (b) picture in the mind or imagination, esp of a future event 意境; 想像; （尤指）前景, 展望: * She viewed the prospect of a week alone in the house without much enthusiasm. 她想像在那所房子里孤身一人百无聊赖地呆上一个星期的情景. 2 prospects [pl] chance of success; outlook 成功的机会; 前景; 前程: * The prospects for this year's wine harvest are poor. 今年的葡萄酒产量前景不佳. * The job has no prospects, ie offers little possibility of promotion. 这工作毫无前途 （晋升的机会很小）. 3 [U] ~ (of sth/doing sth) reasonable hope that sth will happen; expectation 有根据的希望; 期望: * I see little prospect of an improvement in his condition. 我看他的情况没有什麽改进的希望. * There is no prospect of a settlement of the dispute. 这场纠纷根本不可能获得解决. * have little prospect of succeeding 没有什麽成功的希望 * He is unemployed and has nothing in prospect (ie no expectation of finding work) at the moment. 他失业了, 此刻也没有找到工作的希望. 4 [C] (a) candidate or competitor likely to be successful 有望的候选人或竞赛者: * She's a good prospect for the British team. 她很有可能被选入英国队. (b) possible or likely customer or client 可能成为主顾或委托者的人: * He was an experienced car salesman and recognized an easy prospect when he saw one! 他是个很有经验的汽车推销员, 一眼就能看出谁是容易劝说的买主!

prospective
[prE'spektiv; prE'spektiv] adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] expected to be or to occur; future or possible 预期的; 未来的; 可能的: * prospective changes in the law 法律上将进行的一些更改 * his prospective mother-in-law 他未来的岳母 * the prospective Labour candidate at the next election 下届选举中英国工党可能推出的候选人 * showing the house to a prospective buyer 带领可能买房子的人看房子.

prospectus
[prE'spektEs; prE'spektEs] n printed document, leaflet, etc giving details of and advertising sth, eg a private school or a new business （私立学校、 新办企业等的）章程, 简章, 广告宣传资料: * prospectuses from several universities 几所大学的学校简介.

prosper
[5prCspE(r); 5praspl] v [I] be successful; thrive 成功; 兴旺: * The business is prospering. 生意兴隆.

prosperity
[prC'sperEti; pras'perEti] n [U] (a) state of being successful or rich; good fortune 成功; 富足; 幸运; 顺利: * He wished the young couple a life of happiness and prosperity. 他祝这对年轻人生活幸福、 万事如意. (b) state of being economically successful （经济的）繁荣: * The increase in the country's prosperity was due to the discovery of oil. 该国经济之日趋繁荣是由於发现了石油的缘故.

prosperous
[5prCspErEs; 5praspErEs] adj successful or thriving, esp financially 成功的, 兴旺的, 繁荣的（尤指经济上）: * a prosperous country, businessman, industry 繁荣昌盛的国家、 事业成功的实业家、 兴旺发达的工业 * a prosperous-looking businessman 看来事业有成的商人. > prosperously adv.

prostate
[5prCsteit; 5prastet] n (also ,prostate `gland) (anatomy 解) (in male mammals) gland at the neck of the bladder （雄性哺乳动物的）前列腺: * in hospital for an operation on his prostate 为做前列腺手术而住院. =>illus at male 见male插图.

prosthesis
[5prCsWisis, prCs'Wi:sis; 5prasWisis, 7pras'Wisis] n (pl -theses/ 5prCsWIsi:z, prCs5Wi:si:z; 5prBsWI9siz, prBs`Wi9siz] ) (medical 医) 1 [C] artificial part of the body, eg a limb, an eye or a tooth 假体（如假肢、 假眼或假牙等）: * A prosthesis was fitted after the amputation. 截肢之後安装了义肢. 2 [U] replacement of a missing part of the body, eg after surgery, by an artificial one 人体修复（术）. > prosthetic/prCs'Wetik; pras'Wetik] adj: * a prosthetic appliance 用作假体的器械.

prostitute
[5prCstitju:t; - -tu:t; 5prastE7tut] n person who offers herself/himself for sexual intercourse for money 卖淫者; 娼妓; 妓女; 男妓. 派生： prostitute v [Tn] (derog 贬) 1 ~ oneself act as a prostitute 卖淫; 为娼; 当男妓: She prostituted herself in order to support her children. 她为养活子女而操皮肉生涯. 2 use (oneself or one's abilities, etc) wrongly or unworthily, esp in order to earn money 作践（自己）, 滥用（自己的才能等）（尤指为图利）: poets prostituting their talent by writing jingles for advertisements 为广告写顺口溜而折辱才华的诗人. prostitution[7prCsti'tju:Fn; - -'tu:Fn; 7prastE'tuFEn] n 1 [U] (practice of) working as a prostitute 卖淫; 当男妓; 操皮肉生涯; 作践自己; 滥用才能: * Prostitution is on the increase in the city. 城里卖淫活动越来越多. 2 [C, U] ~ of sth unworthy use of sth 滥用某事物: * He refused the job, saying it would be (a) prostitution of his talents. 他拒不做那工作, 说那是大材小用.

prostrate
[5prCstreit; 5prastret] adj 1 (lying) stretched out on the ground face downward, esp because of exhaustion or in order to show submission, respect, etc 卧倒的, 俯卧的, 拜倒的（尤指因筋疲力尽或为表示顺从、 敬意等）: * The prisoners were forced to lie prostrate in front of their captors. 囚犯们被迫在逮捕他们的那些人面前卧倒. * She was found prostrate on the floor of the cell. 有人发现她趴在小屋的地板上. Cf 参看 prone 1, supine 1. 2 ~ (with sth) overcome by sth; defeated or helpless 被某事物所制服的; 瓦解的; 无能为力的: * She was prostrate with grief after his death. 她在他死後因悲伤而憔悴了. * The country, prostrate after years of war, began slowly to recover. 这个国家连年战争元气尽失後, 已开始慢慢恢复正常状态. * The illness left her prostrate for several weeks. 这场病把她拖倒了几个星期. 派生： prostrate/prC'streit; - 'prCstreit; 5prastret] v 1 [Tn] (a) ~ oneself throw oneself on the floor and lie face down, esp as a sign of submission or worship 俯伏在地; （尤指表示顺从或崇拜）拜倒: * The slaves prostrated themselves at their master's feet. 奴隶们拜倒在主子的脚下. * The pilgrims prostrated themselves before the altar. 朝圣者都匍伏在圣坛前. (b) (fml 文) force (sb/sth) to the ground; flatten 使（某人[某物]）倒下; 弄倒: * trees prostrated by the gales 被大风刮倒的树木. 2 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (of illness, weather, etc) make (sb) helpless （指疾病、 天气等）使（某人）无能为力: * The competitors were prostrated by the heat. 竞赛者们由於天气炎热而力不从心. prostration/prC'streiFn; pra'streFEn] n 1 [C, U] (act of) lying face downwards in submission or worship （为表示恭顺或崇拜）俯伏在地, 拜倒, 屈服. 2 [U] state of extreme physical weakness; total exhaustion 身体极度衰竭; 虚脱; 筋疲力尽: * Two of the runners collapsed in a state of prostration. 有两名赛跑选手因虚脱而倒下了.

prosy
[5prEuzi; 5prozi] adj (-ier, -iest) (of a writer, speaker, book, speech, style, etc) dull or commonplace; unimaginative （指作者、 演说者、 书、 讲话、 风格等）单调乏味的, 平淡无奇的; 无想像力的. > prosily adv. prosiness n [U].

Prot
abbr 缩写 = Protestant.

protagonist
[prE'tAgEnist; pro'tAgEnist] n 1 (a) (fml 文) chief character in a drama; hero （戏剧的）主角. (b) chief person in a story or chief participant in an actual event, esp a conflict or dispute （故事的）主人公; 现实事件（尤指冲突或争端的）主要参与者, 主要人物. 2 ~ (of sth) leader or advocate of a cause 领导者; 倡导者; 拥护者: * an outspoken protagonist of electoral reform 对改革选举制度直抒己见的鼓吹者 * a leading protagonist of the women's movement 妇女运动的领导者.

protean
[5prEutiEn, prEu'ti:En; 5protiEn, pro'tiEn] adj (fml 文) that can change quickly and easily; variable 多变的; 易变的; 变化多端的.

protect
[prE'tekt; prE'tekt] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (against/from sth) keep sb/sth safe from harm, injury, etc; defend sb/sth 保护、 保卫某人[某事物]: * You need warm clothes to protect you against the cold. 你需要穿暖些以免着凉. * The vaccine was used to protect the whole population against infection. 这种疫苗用以为全体居民预防传染病. * The union was formed to protect the rights and interests of miners. 建立起工会是为保护矿工的权利和利益. 2 [Tn] guard (one or more industries of a country) against competition by taxing foreign goods （以徵收进口税）保护（国内工业）: * The country's car industry is so strongly protected that foreign cars are rarely seen there. 该国对汽车工业严加保护, 外国汽车甚为罕见.

protection
[prE'tekFn; prE'tekFEn] n 1 ~ (for sb) (against sth) (a) [U] protecting or being protected 保护; 防卫: * appeal for protection from the police 请求警方给予保护 * The shady trees provide protection against the burning rays of the sun. 树木成荫可以遮挡炽热的阳光. * Our medical insurance offers protection (ie payment for medical treatment) for the whole family in the event of illness. 我们的医疗保险可为生病的任何家庭成员提供保障. (b) [C] thing that protects 防护物: * He wore a thick overcoat as a protection against the bitter cold. 他穿着厚实的大衣以抵御严寒. 2 [U] system of protecting (protect 2) home industries by taxing foreign goods 贸易保护措施（藉徵收进口税以保护国内工业）: * Textile workers favoured protection because they feared an influx of cheap cloth. 纺织工人拥护贸易保护措施, 因为他们担心涌入廉价纺织品. 3 [U] (a) (system of) paying money to gangsters so that one's business will not be attacked by them （为免生意受歹徒袭扰而向其）缴纳保护费（的做法）: * [attrib 作定语] The gang were running protection rackets in all the big cities. 这帮歹徒在各大城市里干着勒索保护费的勾当. (b) (also protection money) money paid to gangsters for this purpose （为免受袭扰而向歹徒缴纳的）保护费: * He was paying out half his profits as protection. 他把所得利润的一半交给歹徒作为保护费. 派生： protectionism[-FEnizEm; -FEnizm] n [U] principle or practice of protecting (protect 2) home industries （贸易上的）保护主义; 贸易保护制度: * accuse rival countries of protectionism 指责对方国家实行贸易保护主义. protectionist[-FEnist; -FEnist] n supporter of or believer in protectionism 贸易保护主义者.

protective
[prE'tektiv; prE'tektiv] adj 1 [esp attrib 尤作定语] that protects or is intended to protect 保护的; 防护的; 意在保护或防护的: * a protective layer of varnish 一层保护清漆 * Workers who handle asbestos need to wear protective clothing. 接触石棉的工人需穿防护衣. * wearing protective headgear on a motor cycle 骑摩托车时戴保护头盔 * pro,tective `colouring, ie on the bodies of birds, animals and insects, making it difficult for predators to see them （鸟、 兽及昆虫身上之）保护色 * protective duties/tariffs on imported goods 加於进口货物的保护性关税. 2 ~ (towards sb) having or showing a wish to protect 有保护之意愿的; 显示保护之意愿的: * A mother naturally feels protective towards her children. 母亲对自己的孩子自然会悉心保护. * He put his arm round her in a protective gesture. 他用一只手臂围住她做出保护的姿势. 派生： protective n (US) contraceptive sheath; condom 避孕套; 阴茎套. protectively adv. 复合： pro,tective `custody keeping a person in prison (supposedly) for his own safety 保护性监禁.

protector
[prE'tektE(r); prE'tektl] n 1 person who protects 保护者; 防御者: * their guardian and protector 他们的监护人和保护人. 2 thing made or designed to give protection 保护装置; 保护器; 防护物: * The swordsmen wore chest protectors. 那些剑客都披着护具.

protectorate
[prE'tektErEt; prE'tektErEt] n country that is controlled and protected by a more powerful country 受较强之国家支配和保护的国家或地区; 受保护国; 受保护领地: * He had been Governor of a British Protectorate. 他做过英国保护领地的总督. Cf 参看 colony1.

protege
(fem 阴性作 protegee)[5prCtiVei; - 7prEuti'Vei;7protE'Ve] n person whose welfare and career are looked after by an influential person, esp over a long period 受有权势人物提携或扶掖的人: * a young protege of a famous violinist 某着名小提琴家的年轻门生 * As the protege of the most powerful man in the country, his success was guaranteed. 他有该国最有势力的人作靠山, 准能成功.

protein
[5prEuti:n; 5protin] n [C, U] substance found in meat, eggs, fish, etc that is an important body-building part of the diet of humans and animals 蛋白质; 朊: * essential proteins and vitamins 必不可少的蛋白质和维生素 * They were weakened by a diet that was low in protein. 他们日常饮食中蛋白质含量不足, 因而身体虚弱. * [attrib 作定语] protein deficiency 蛋白质缺乏.

protest
1[5prEutest; 5protest] n 1 [C] statement or anaction that shows one's strong dispproval or disagreement抗议; 抗议书; 抗议活动: * enter/lodge/make/register a protest about/against sth 对某事物提出抗议 * Loud protests were heard when the decision was announced. 这决定一经宣布, 抗议之声不绝於耳. * stage a protest (ieorganize a demonstration) against management's handling of the dispute 举行抗议活动（组织示威游行）以反对资方对争端的处理办法. 2 [U] strong disapproval or disagreement that is expressed by a statement or an action 抗议; 异议; 反对: * The minister resigned in protest against the decision. 这位部长为反对那项决策而辞职. *[attrib 作定语] a protest demonstration, march, movement, etc, ie one organized by people who disagree with official policy 抗议示威、 游行、 运动等. 3 (idm 习语) under `protest unwillingly and after making protests （经抗议後）心有不甘地: * She paid the fine under protest. 她争执一番後, 无可奈何地缴纳了罚金.

Protestant
[5prCtistEnt; 5pratistEnt] n, adj (member) of any of the Christian bodies that separated from theChurch of Rome in the 16th century, or of their branchesformed later 新教徒（指16世纪脱离罗马天主教之基督教团体或後来由其形成的教派成员）; 新教（徒）的: * a Protestant church, minister, service 新教教会、 牧师、 礼拜式. Cf 参看 Roman Catholic (Roman). 派生： Protestantism[-izEm; -7izEm] n [U] (a) system of beliefs, teachings, etc of the Protestants 新教的信条、 教义等. (b) Protestants as a body 新教.

protestation
[7prCte'steiFn; 7prat7es'teFEn] n (fml 文) solemn declaration （严正的）声明: * protestations of friendship, innocence, loyalty, etc 关於友好、 无罪、 忠诚等的郑重声明 * Despite their protestations, they were glad to accept our help. 尽管他们严肃地表明了态度, 但他们仍乐於接受我们的援助.

protocol
[5prEutEkCl; - -kC:l; 5protE7kCl] n 1 [U] system of rules governing formal occasions, eg meetings between governments, diplomats, etc; official etiquette 礼仪; 外交礼节: * The organizer was familiar with the protocol of royal visits. 组织者熟悉国王出访的礼仪. * The delegates have to be seated according to protocol. 代表们须按礼仪要求就座. * a breach of protocol 违反礼仪的行为. 2 [C] (fml 文) first or original draft of a diplomatic agreement, esp of the agreed terms for a treaty （外交条约的）草案, 草约; （尤指）议定的条款, 议定书.

proton
[5prEutCn; 5protan] n elementary particle with a positive electric charge, which is present in the nuclei of all atoms 质子. Cf 参看 electron, neutron.

protoplasm
[5prEutEplAzEm; 5protE7plAzEm] (alsoplasma) n [U] (biology 生) colourless jelly-like substancethat forms the basis of all animal and plant cells and tissues 原生质.

prototype
[5prEutEtaip; 5protE7taip] n first or original example of sth that has been or will be copied or developed; model or preliminary version 事物之原始形态; 原型; 雏形; 模型; 蓝本: * the prototype for future school buildings 未来的学校建 的模型 * [attrib 作定语] a prototype supersonic aircraft 超音速飞机的样机.

protozoon
(also protozoan)[7prEutE'zEuEn; 7protE'zoan] n (pl -zoa[-'zEuE; -'zoE] ) any of a large group of very small, usu one-celled, living things, that can be seen only under a microscope 原生动物. 派生： protozoan[7prEutE'zEuEn; 7protE'zoEn] adj of or like a protozoon （似）原生动物的.

protract
[prE'trAkt; - prEu-; pro'trAkt] v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (often derog 常作贬义) make (sth) last a long time or longer; lengthen or prolong 延长, 拖延（某事物）: * Let's not protract the debate any further. 我们不要再继续争论下去了. * a protracted lunch break 延长了的午餐时间 * protracted delays, discussions, questioning 长时间的耽搁、 讨论、 询问. 派生： protraction/prE'trAkFn; - prEu-; pro'trAkFEn] n [C, U] (instance of) making sth last longer; extending 延长; 拖延; 伸展: * Further protraction of the discussion will not achieve anything. 继续讨论下去并不能解决任何问题.

protractor
[prE'trAktE(r); - prEu-; pro'trAktl] n instrument, usu in the form of a semi-circle with degrees (0 to 180) marked on it, used for measuring and drawing angles 量角器; 分度规.

protrude
[prE'tru:d; - prEu-; pro'trud] v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (from sth) (cause sth to) jut or stick out from a surface; (cause sth to) project （使某物）（自一表面）伸出; （使某物）突出: * He managed to hang on to a piece of rock protruding from the cliff face. 他设法抓住悬崖表面向外伸出的岩石. * protruding eyes, lips, teeth 凸出的眼睛、 嘴唇、 牙齿 * a protruding chin 尖突的下巴. 派生： protrusion/prE'tru:Vn; - prEu-; pro'truVEn] n (a) [U] protruding 伸出; 突出: * Thumb-sucking can cause protrusion of the teeth. 经常吮吸拇指能使牙齿向外突出. (b) [C] thing that protrudes 伸出物; 突出物; 隆起物: * rocky protrusions on the surface of the cliff 悬崖表面突出的岩石. protrusive/prE'tru:siv; - prEu-; pro'trusiv] adj (fml 文) protruding 伸出的; 突出的.

protuberant
[prE'tju:bErEnt; - prEu'tu:-; pro'tubErEnt] adj (fml 文) bulging, curving or swelling outwards from a surface; prominent 突出的; 凸出的; 隆起的: * a protuberant stomach 膨胀的肚子. 派生： protuberance[-Ens; -Ens] n (fml 文) (a) [U]being protuberant 突出; 凸出; 隆起. (b) [C] protuberantthing; bulge or swelling 突出物; 凸出物; 隆起物: * The diseased trees are marked by protuberances on their bark. 有病的树木可由其树皮上的结节看出.

proud
[praud; praud] adj (-er, -est) 1 (approv 褒) (a) ~ (of sb/sth); ~ (to do sth/that...) feeling or showing justifiable pride (1a) 感到得意的; 自豪的; 荣耀的: * proud of her new car 为她的新车而颇觉得意 * His proud parents congratulated him. 他的父母感到光彩向他表示祝贺. * They were proud of their success/of being so successful. 他们为自己的成功[为取得了这样的成功]而骄傲. * They were proud to belong/that they belonged to such a fine team. 他们为属於[为自己属於]这麽好的一个队而自豪. * She is a remarkable person I am proud (ie honoured) to know her. 她是位杰出人物--认识她我感到很荣幸. * (ironic 反语) I hope you feel proud of yourself you've ruined the game! 你可真露脸了--你把比赛搅得一塌糊涂! * the proud owners of a new house 得意洋洋的新宅主人. (b) having or showing self-respect, dignity or independence 有自尊心的; 自尊的; 自主的: * They were poor but proud. 他们虽然穷, 但很有骨气. * He had been too proud to ask for help. 他自尊心太强, 从不求助於人. * They are a proud and independent people. 他们是独立自主的民族. (c) causing justifiable pride (1a) 值得自豪的; 足以夸耀的; 引以为荣的: * It was a proud day for us when we won the trophy. 我们夺得奖杯那一天是值得我们骄傲的日子. * The portrait was his proudest possession. 那肖像是他最为珍贵的东西. 2 (derog 贬) self-important; haughty or arrogant 骄傲自大的; 自负的; 傲慢的: * He was too proud to join in our fun. 他很高傲, 不屑同我们一起玩儿. * He is too proud now to be seen with his former friends. 他现在忘乎所以了, 觉得跟以前的朋友在一起有失他的脸面. 3 (fml 文) imposing or splendid 壮观的; 辉煌的: * soldiers in proud array 雄赳赳的列队士兵. 4 ~ of sth jutting out from or extending above sth 凸出於某物之上的; 自某物上隆起的: * be, rise, stand proud of sth 自某物上隆起 * The cement should stand proud of the surface and then be smoothed down later. 施用水泥时应先高出於表面然後再将其抹平.

proud1
5 (idm 习语) (as) ,proud as a `peacock extremely proud 骄傲如孔雀（极骄傲）. 派生： proud adv (idm 习语) do sb `proud (infml 口) treat sb with great honour or hospitality; entertain sb lavishly 使某人受到隆重礼遇; 盛情款待某人: The college did us proud at the centenary dinner. 院方在一百周年校庆设宴款待我们. proudly adv in a proud(1a) manner 自豪地; 得意地: proudly displaying the trophy 自豪地展示奖杯.

Prov
abbr 缩写 = (esp on a map 尤作地图标记) Province.

prove
[pru:v; pruv] v (pp proved; US proven[5pru:vn;'pruvEn] ) =>Usage 见所附用法. 1 [Tn, Tf, Dn.pr, Dpr.f] ~ sth (to sb) show that sth is true or certain by means of argument or evidence 证明某事物属实; 证实某事物: * prove sb's guilt/(that) sb is guilty 证明某人有罪 * Can you prove it to me? 你能向我证实吗? * I shall prove to you that the witness is not speaking the truth. 我将向你证明, 证人说的不是真话. 2 (US probate) [Tn] establish that (a will) is genuine 认证（遗嘱）: * The will has to be proved before we can inherit. 遗嘱要先认证, 然後我们才能继承遗产. 3 [La, Ln, Cn.a, Cn.n, Cn.t] ~ (oneself) sth be seen or found to be sth; turn out to be sth 显现出是某事物; 被发现是某事物: * The old methods proved best after all. 采用老方法结果反而是某事物最好. * The task proved (to be) more difficult than we'd thought. 这项任务原来比我们预想的难得多. * He proved himself (to be) a better driver than the world champion. 他的表现说明他的驾驶技术胜过世界冠军. 4 [I] (of dough) rise because of the action of yeast （指面团）发酵: * leave the dough to prove for half an hour让面团发酵半小时. 5 (idm 习语) the exception proves the rule => exception. prove one's/the `case/`point demonstrate that one's/the statement, argument, criticism, etc is true or valid 表明自己的[该]言论、 论据、 批评等是符合事实的或确有根据的: * He quoted figures to prove his case. 他援引数字以表明自己的说法确有根据. * She claimed that money had been wasted and our financial difficulties seemed to prove her point. 她断定那笔钱用得不是地方, 而我们在经济上遇到的困难却也似乎说明她言之有理. 派生： provable[-Ebl; -Ebl] that can be proved 可证明的; 可证实的: * a provable case of negligence 证据确凿的玩忽职守事件. provably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Prove and shave have alternative past participle forms *prove和shave均有两种过去分词形式: proved/proven; shaved/shaven. The irregular forms are more common in US than in British English. 不规则形式在美式英语中比在英式英语中用得多. Shaven and proven are mostly used adjectivally *shaven和proven多用作形容词性的修饰成分: a well-proven method 充分证明行之有效的方法

prove1
* a shaven head 剃光的头.

proven
[5pru:vn; @cot 苏格兰英语读作 'prEuvn; 5pruvEn] adj 1 (approv 褒) that has been tested or demonstrated 经过验证或证实的: * a man of proven ability 已证明确有才干的人. 2 (idm 习语) not `proven (verdict in a criminal trial in Scottish law that) there is insufficient evidence to prove that the accused is innocent or guilty, and he must therefore be set free 证据不足（根据苏格兰法律在刑事审判中对没有充分证据证明被告有罪或无罪之案件所作的裁定, 据此被告应予开释）.

provenance
[5prCvEnEns; 5pravEnEns] n [U] (fml 文) (place of) origin 起源; 出处: * the provenance of the word 该词的来源 * antique furniture of doubtful provenance, eg that may not be genuinely antique 出处不明的古董家具（如可能是假古董）.

provender
[5prCvindE(r); 5pravEndl] n [U] 1 food for horses and cattle, eg hay or oats; fodder （牛马的）饲料. 2 (infml or joc 口或谑) food 食物: * enough provender for the party 足够会餐的食物.

proverb
[5prCvE:b; 5pravEb] n short well-known saying that states a general truth or gives advice, eg `It takes two to make a quarrel' or `Don't put all your eggs in one basket' 谚语, 格言（精练的俗语, 或为普遍道理或为劝戒语, 如‘一个巴掌拍不响’或‘不要把全部家当放在一处’）: * the Book of Proverbs, ie one of the books of the Old Testament containing the proverbs of Solomon 《箴言》（《圣经．旧约》中的一卷书）. 派生： proverbial/prE'vE:biEl; prE'vEbiEl] adj 1 of, like or expressed in a proverb 谚语的; 如同谚语的; 谚语所表达的: * proverbial sayings, wisdom 谚语、 谚语表达的智慧 * He is the proverbial square peg in a round hole. 他正是谚语中所说的那种方枘圆凿不得其所的人. 2 widely known and talked about 众所周知的: * His stupidity is proverbial. 他其蠢无比是人所共知的. * I decided not to ask her for a loan in view of her proverbial meanness. 因为她小气得出了名, 我决定不找她借钱. proverbially[-bIElI; -bIElI/ adv.

provide
[prE'vaid; prE'vaid] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.pr] ~ sb (with sth); ~ sth (for sb) (a) make sth available for sb to use by giving, lending or supplying it 向某人提供某事物; 供给; 供应: * The management will provide food and drink. 管理部门将供应饮食. * Please put your litter in the bin provided. 请你把废物扔到预备好的垃圾箱里. * The firm have provided me with a car. 公司供给我一辆汽车. * Can you provide accommodation for thirty people? 你能为叁十人提供住宿吗? (b) (fig 比喻) offer or present (an answer, example, opportunity, etc) 提供（答案、 范例、 机会等）: * Let us hope his research will provide the evidence we need. 但愿他作的研究能提供我们所需要的证据. * The painting provides us with one of the earliest examples of the use of perspective. 那幅画给我们提供了采用透视画法的最早的范例. 2 [Tf] (fml 文) give as a condition; stipulate 作为条件提出; 规定: * A clause in the agreement provides that the tenant shall pay for repairs to the building. 协议中有一条规定, 承租人负担建 物的修理费. 3 (phr v) provide against sth (fml 文) make preparations in case sth happens 防备发生某事物; 预防某事物: * The government has to provide against a possible oil shortage in the coming months. 政府须为未来几个月中可能出现的油荒作好准备. provide for sb supply sb with what he needs, esp the basic necessities of life 供应某人所需（尤指基本的生活必需品）: * They worked hard to provide for their large family. 他们努力工作以供养一大家子人. * He didn't provide for his wife and children in his will, ie didn't leave them money to live on. 他在遗嘱中没有给妻子儿女留下钱财. provide for sth (a) make arrangements or decisionswhich can be carried out if sth occurs 为某事物可能发生作准备: * provide for every eventuality in the budget 在预算中为可能出现的一切情况作好准备

provide1
* The planners had not provided for a failure of the power system. 计画制定者未对动力系统可能出现故障一事制定应变措施. (b) (of a bill, legal agreement, etc) establish the legal basis or authority for sth to be done later （指法案、 法律协议等）为其後之某事物提供法律依据: * The right of individuals to appeal to a higher court is provided for in the constitution. 个人可向上级法院提出上诉, 这是宪法所赋予的权利. 派生： provider n person who provides, esp one who supports a family 供应者; 提供者; （尤指）维持家庭生计者: The eldest son is the family's only provider. 那长子是唯一挣钱养家的人.

provided
[prE'vaidid; prE'vaidid] (also provided that, providing/prE'vaidiN; prE'vaidiN] , providing that) conj on the condition or understanding that 在...情况或条件下; 假若; 倘若; 除非: * I will agree to go provided/providing (that) my expenses are paid. 假如为我负担费用, 我就同意去. * Provided we get good weather it will be a succesful holiday. 如果天气良好, 我们的假日将过得非常好.

providence
[5prCvidEns; 5pravEdEns] n 1 [sing, U] (instance that shows the) way in which God or nature cares for and protects all creatures 天道; 天意; 天佑: * trusting in (a) divine providence 相信天命. 2 [U] (fml 文) being provident; foresight 远见; 卓识; 先见之明. 3 (idm 习语) tempt fate/providence => tempt.

provident
[5prCvidEnt; 5pravEdEnt] adj (fml approv 文, 褒) having or showing wisdom for future needs; thrifty 顾及未来的; 未雨绸缪的; 节俭的: * Some of the farmers had been provident in the good years but others were ruined by the bad harvests. 有些农民在丰年节衣缩食有备无患, 但也有些农民由於歉收而陷入绝境. 复合： `Provident Society = Friendly Society (friendly).

providential
[7prCvi'denFl; 7pravE'denFEl] adj (fml 文) occurring just at the right time when needed 正合时宜的; 及时的: * Their departure just before the floods was providential. 他们恰在发洪水之前离开, 走得真是时候. > providentially[-FEli; -Fli] adv.

providing
=> provided.

province
[5prCvins; 5pravins] n 1 [C] any of the main administrative divisions in certain countries （某些国家的）大行政区; 省份: * Canada has ten provinces. 加拿大有十个省. Cf 参看 county, state1 3. 2 the provinces [pl] all the parts of a country except the capital city 首都以外的地方: * The show will tour the provinces after it closes in London. 这一表演在伦敦结束以後, 还将在全国各地巡回举行. * (derog 贬) He found life in the provinces boring. 他觉得首都以外的生活很无聊. 3 [sing] (fml 文) area of learning, activity or responsibility （学问、 活动或责任的）范围: * The matter is outside my province, ie I cannot or need not deal with it. 那不是我分内之事. * Medieval painting is not his province. 中世纪的绘画不属於他的研究范围. 4 [C] group of dioceses for which an archbishop has overall responsibility 大主教辖区（由几个教区组成）.

provincial
[prE'vinFl; prE'vinFEl] adj 1 [attrib 作定语] (a) of a province (1) 大行政区的; 省的: * the provincial government 省政府 * provincial taxes 省的税收. (b) of the provinces (province 2) 首都以外的: * provincial newspapers, theatres, towns 首都以外的报纸、 剧院、 城镇. 2 (usu derog 通常作贬义) narrow-minded or old-fashioned; not modern or sophisticated 偏狭的; 守旧的; 过时的; 迂腐的: * display provincial attitudes to the theatre 以旧眼光看待戏剧界. 派生： provincial n (usu derog 通常作贬义) native or inhabitant of the provinces 首都以外的人; 地区居民: Whenever I go to London I feel like a provincial. 我一去伦敦, 就总是觉得自己像个乡巴佬. provincialism[-izEm; -7izEm] n (derog 贬) 1 [U] provincial (2) attitude or outlook, esp one that indicates an (excessive) attachment to one's own small area 狭隘的观念; 偏狭; （尤指）地方主义: * He wanted to escape from the provincialism of the small university where he taught. 他所执教是一所规模很小的大学, 他想摆脱存在於其中的地方主义桎梏. 2 [C] example of provincial(2) behaviour, manners, speech, etc 偏狭守旧的行为、 举止、 言语等: * embarrassed by his provincialisms 他偏狭守旧而使人感到难为情. provincially[-FEli; -FEli] adv.

provision
[prE'viVn; prE'viVEn] n 1 ~ of sth (a) [U] giving, lending, supplying or making sth available; providing sth 供应; 供给; 提供: * The government is responsible for the provision of medical services. 政府负责提供医疗服务. (b) [C usu sing 通常作单数] amount of sth that is provided 提供的量; 供应量: * The provision of specialist teachers is being increased. 配备专业教员的人数有所增加. 2 [U] ~ for/against sth (a) preparation that is made to meet future needs or in case sth happens （为将来或为防万一而做的）准备: * make provision for one's old age 为他日养老而预做准备 * provision for his wife and children 为妻子儿女的将来所做的安排 * provision against possible disaster 为防备可能发生的灾难而采取的措施. (b) ~ for sth dealing with sth (in advance) （预先采取的）对策: * The present law makes no provision for this. 现行的法律对此未作任何规定. 3 [C usu pl 通常作复数] (supply of) food and drink 食物和饮料; 饮食之供应: * She had a plentiful store of provisions.她贮存了大量的食物和饮料. * [attrib 作定语] a provisionmerchant 食品商人. 4 [C] condition or stipulation in a legal document （法律文件中的）规定, 条款: * under the provisions of the agreement 根据协议的条文 * She accepted the contract with the provision that it would be revised after a year. 她同意签订这合同, 其中规定一年之後得加以修订. 派生： provision v [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (with sth) (fml 文) supply sb/sth with provisions of food 向某人[某事物]供应食物: provisioned for a long voyage 为远航备足食粮.

provisional
[prE'viVEnl; prE'viVEnl] adj for the presenttime only, with the possibility of being changed, etc later; temporary 临时的; 暂时性的: * a provisional appointment, contract, government 暂定的职务、 暂时性的契约、 临时政府 * a provisional driving licence, ie (in Britain) one that has to be obtained before one can start to learn to drive 实习驾驶执照. > provisionally[-nEli; -nli] adv: * The meeting has been provisionally arranged for3.00 pm next Friday. 会议时间暂定为下星期五下午叁时.

proviso
[prE'vaizEu; prE'vaizo] n (pl ~s; US also ~es) clause, etc that is insisted on as a condition of an agreement 限制性条款; 附文; 但书: * He accepted, with one proviso, ie on one condition. 他同意了, 但有一个附带条件.

provisory
[prE'vaizEri; prE'vaizEri] adj (fml 文) containing a proviso; conditional 有附带条款的; 附有条件的: * a provisory clause 附有条件的条文.

provocation
[7prCvE'keiFn; 7pravE'keFEn] n 1 [U] making sb angry by deliberately doing sth annoying or offensive; provoking or being provoked 挑 ; 激怒; 刺激: * the incessant provocation of the hostile crowd 抱有对立情绪的群众受到接二连叁的煽动 * react with violence only under provocation, ie when provoked 只有受到挑 时才以暴力还击 * She loses her temper at/on the slightest provocation. 只要稍一惹她, 她就大发脾气. 2 [C] cause of annoyance; thing that provokes 恼怒的原因; 激怒人的事: * He hit her after repeated provocations. 她一次次招惹他, 他就打了她.

provocative
[prE'vCkEtiv; prE'vakEtiv] adj 1 tending or intended to arouse anger, annoyance, controversy, etc 激起愤怒、 恼恨、 争论等的; 挑 的; 煽动性的: * a provocative comment, remark, speech, etc 挑 性的评论、 言语、 讲话等. 2 tending or intended to arouse sexual desire 引起性欲的; 挑逗的: * a dress with a provocative slit at the side 开有撩人边缝的连衣裙 * She was sitting in a highly provocative pose. 她坐在那里姿势非常撩人. > provocatively adv.

provoke
[prE'vEuk; prE'vok] v 1 (a) [Tn] make (sb) angry or annoyed 激怒（某人）; 惹（某人）气恼: * I am not easily provoked, but this behaviour is intolerable! 我这人不爱生气, 但是这种行为使人忍无可忍! * If you provoke the dog, it will bite you. 你招惹那条狗, 它会咬你的. (b) [Tn.pr, Cn.t] ~ sb into doing sth/to do sth cause sb to react to sth esp by making him angry 使某人对某事物作出反应（尤指使用刺激手段）: * His behaviour finally provoked her into leaving him. 他把她气得终於离开了他. * He was provoked by their mockery to say more than he had intended. 他受到他们嘲笑恼羞成怒, 说了一些过头的话. 2 [Tn] cause (sth) to occur or arouse (a feeling, etc) 使（某事物）产生; 引起（某种感情等）: * provoke laughter, riots, smiles, violence 引起大笑、 暴乱、 微笑、 暴力行为. 派生： provoking adj (dated or fml 旧或文) annoying 气人的; 恼人的: It is very provoking of her to be so late. 她到得这麽晚真叫人生气.

provost
[5prCvEst; - 'prEu-; 5provEst] n 1 (a) (Brit) (title of the) head of certain university colleges （大学中某些学院的）院长（的称号）. (b) (US) senior administrator in certain universities （某些大学的）教务长. 2 (Scot 苏格兰) (title of the) head of a town council or burgh 市长（的称号）. 3 (Brit) (title of the) head of the chapter in certain cathedrals 座堂主任, 教区长（的称号）.

prow
[prau; prau] n (esp fml 尤作正规语) projecting front part of a ship or boat; bow 船首.

prowess
[5prauis; 5prauis] n [U] (fml 文) outstanding skill or ability; expertise 高超的技艺; 非凡的才能; 专长: * We had to admire his prowess as an oarsman/his rowing prowess. 我们不能不佩服他那了不起的划桨本领.

prowl
[praul; praul] v 1 (a) [I, Ip] ~ (about/around) move quietly and cautiously 小心地悄悄移动: * wild animals prowling in the forest 在森林里轻轻行走的野兽 * burglars prowling (around) in the grounds of the house 在房子的庭院里蹑足行走的窃贼. (b) [Tn] move about, through or in (a place) in this way 悄悄行经（某处）: * thieves prowling the streets at night 夜里在街上鬼鬼祟祟的小偷. 2 [I, Ip] ~ (about/around) walk or wander restlessly 徘徊; 逡巡: * I could hear him prowling around in his bedroom all night. 我听到他整夜在卧室里踱来踱去. 派生： prowl n (idm 习语) (be/go) on the `prowl (be/go) prowling 小心而悄悄的移动; 徘徊: There was a fox on the prowl near the chicken coop. 有只狐狸在鸡舍附近踅来踅去. * (joc 谑) The soldiers went on the prowl hoping to meet some girls. 这些大兵逛来逛去, 希望碰上花姑娘. prowler n person or animal that prowls 悄悄行走的人或动物. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: The following verbs indicate the slow, quiet movement of people or animals who do not want to be noticed by others. 下列动词均表示人或动物为免受注意而做出的缓慢而无声的动作. They suggest a variety of reasons for this secrecy. 这些动词暗示的行动隐秘原因不尽相同. Prowl (about, around, etc) suggests a wild animal or criminal looking for food or for something to steal *prowl (about、 around、 etc)指野兽觅食或罪犯伺机行窃: I saw someone prowling around among the trees. 我见有人在树林里鬼鬼祟祟地走动. * Wolves prowled the forest in search of prey. 狼在森林里潜行觅食. Skulk (about, around, etc) refers to someone angrily or guiltily waiting out of sight, possibly intending to do something bad *skulk (about、 around、 etc)指含怒或含罪恶目的窥伺可乘之机: He skulked around outside until the police had gone. 他窥探着四周, 直至见到警察走开. Lurk is usedwith similar meaning *lurk的意义大体相同: Somebody'slurking in the bushes. 有人在灌木丛里窥视动静. A person slinks (off, away, etc) when he or she feels ashamed or frightened. 因羞怯或恐惧而悄悄走开用slink (off、 away、 etc). *It usually suggests that the head is low 此字通常含有垂头之意: Don't slink away without apologizing. 不要不道歉就偷偷溜走.

prowl1
* The dog slunk off to lick its wounds. 那狗耷拉着脑袋溜掉, 去舔伤口去了. People sneak in, out, etc when they are doing something wrong but not seriously criminal 偷偷摸摸做坏事, 但还够不上犯罪, 用sneak in、 out、 etc: She was caught sneaking into the show without paying. 她不买票就想混进场内看演出, 被当场捉住. Sidle is to move furtively, especially if nervous about one's purpose *sidle指悄悄地移动, 尤含惴惴不安之意: He sidled up/over to her and asked her to dance. 他忸忸怩怩走到她跟前请她跳舞. * The boy sidled past the teacher and then ran out of the door. 那男孩怯生生地走过老师身边, 然後便一溜烟跑出门外. We steal, in, out, etc in great secrecy 偷偷地走动用steal in、 out、 etc: She stole out of the house in the middle of the night. 她在半夜里偷偷地走出那所房子. Creep also suggests secrecy and, in animals especially, indicates a crouching position *creep亦指偷偷地或悄悄地走动, 并有蜷身或爬行之意, 尤用於动物为然: The cat crept up on the bird and pounced. 那只猫悄悄地爬近那只鸟, 接着便猛扑过去. Tiptoe is the most neutral verb. *tiptoe最无褒贬区别. The purpose in tiptoeing may be to avoid disturbing other people 用这一动词可作为避免惊扰他人之意: They tiptoed upstairs so as not to wake the baby. 他们踮着脚上楼, 生怕把孩子吵醒.

proximate
[5prCksimEt; 5praksEmEt] adj (fml 文) next before or after (in time, order, etc); nearest （时间、 顺序等方面）紧邻的, 最接近的.

proximity
[prCk'simEti; prak'simEti] n [U] (fml 文) ~ (to sth) nearness in space or time; closeness （空间或时间上的）邻近, 接近: * in the proximity (ie neighbourhood) of the building 那座大楼附近 * houses built in close proximity to each other 紧挨在一起的房子 * The restaurant benefits from its proximity to several cinemas. 那家餐馆位於几家影院附近因而沾光.

proxy
[5prCksi; 5praksi] n 1 [C] person authorized to act on behalf of another 代理人; 代表: * act as sb's proxy 充当某人的代理人 * He made his wife his proxy. 他让妻子作他的代表. 2 (a) [U] authority to represent sb else (esp in voting at an election) 代理权; （尤指）代表他人投票之权利: * vote by proxy 由他人代为投票 * [attrib 作定语] a proxy vote 委托他人代理的投票. (b) [C] document that gives such authority 委托书; 委托他人投票的授权书.

prude
[pru:d; prud] n (derog 贬) person who behaves in an extremely or unnaturally proper manner, esp one who is (too) easily shocked by sexual matters 极端或过分拘谨的人; （尤指对性问题）大惊小怪的人: * She was such a prude that she was even embarrassed by the sight of naked children. 她正经得出了格, 甚至见了赤身露体的孩子也难为情. 派生： prudery[5pru:dEri; 5prudEri] n [U] behaviour or attitude of a prude 拘谨; （尤指对性问题）大惊小怪, 假正经. prudish[5pru:diF; 5prudiF] adj of or like a prude 过分拘谨的; （尤指对性问题）大惊小怪的, 假正经的: * a prudish refusal to enjoy rude jokes 拘谨得听不得粗俗的笑话. prudishly adv. prudishness n [U].

prudent
[5pru:dnt; 5prudnt] adj acting with or showing care and foresight; showing good judgement 审慎的; 有先见之明的; 判断力强的: * prudent housekeeping 精明的治家 * a prudent saver of money 很会精打细算的储蓄者 * It would be prudent to save some of the money. 存点钱是有远见的. * That was a prudent decision. 那是一个审慎的决定. 派生： prudence[-dns; -dns] n [U] (fml 文) (quality of) being prudent; forethought or wisdom 审慎; 远见; 智慧: * One can rely on the prudence of his decisions. 可以相信他所作的决定, 都是非常英明的.

prune
1[pru:n; prun] n dried plum 西梅脯; 西梅乾: * a dish of stewed prunes 一碟煮西梅脯.

prurient
[5pruEriEnt; 5pruriEnt] adj (fml derog 文, 贬) having or showing excessive interest in sexual matters 好色的; 迷恋淫欲的: * She showed a prurient interest in the details of the rape case. 她对那强奸案的细节津津乐道. 派生： prurience[-Ens; -Ens] n [U] (fml derog 文, 贬) quality or state of being prurient 好色; 迷恋淫欲. pruriently adv.

Prussian
[5prQFn; 5prQFEn] adj (esp formerly) of or relating to Prussia in Germany （尤指旧时）普鲁士的, 与普鲁士有关的: * the Prussian army 普鲁士军队. 派生： Prussian n (formerly) inhabitant or native of Prussia （旧时）普鲁士居民, 普鲁士人. 复合： ,Prussian `blue (of a) deep blue colour 普鲁士蓝（的）; 深蓝色（的）.

prussic acid
[7prQsik 'Asid; 7prQsik 'Asid] highly dangerous poison 氢氰酸.

pry
1[prai; prai] v (pt, pp pried/praid; praid] ) [I, Ipr] ~ (into sth) inquire too curiously or rudely about other people's private affairs 打听, 刺探（他人的私事）: * safe from prying eyes 闲人无从偷窥 * I don't want them prying into my affairs. 我不愿意他们打听我的私事.

PS
1 (Brit) police sergeant 警长; 巡佐: PS (Bill) Jones （比尔．）琼斯警长. Cf 参看 WPS. 2 (also ps)[7pi: 'es;7pi 'es] abbr 缩写 = (esp at the end of a letter 尤用於信末) postscript (Latin postscriptum 源自拉丁文postscriptum):Love from Tessa. PS I'll bring the car. 爱你的泰萨. 我把车开来. 又及. Cf 参看 PPS.

psalm
[sa:m; sam] n sacred song or hymn, esp one of those in the Book of Psalms in the Old Testament 圣歌; 圣诗; 赞美诗; （尤指）《旧约．诗篇》中之任何一篇: * The choir sang the 23rd Psalm. 唱诗班唱《旧约．诗篇》之第23篇. 派生： psalmist[-ist; -ist] writer of psalms 赞美诗作者; 《旧约．诗篇》作者.

psalter
[5sC:ltE(r); 5sCltl] n book containing a collection of psalms with their music, for use in public worship 诗篇集; （礼拜时用的）诗篇歌集.

psaltery
[5sC:ltEri; 5sCltEri] n musical instrument of ancient and medieval times, played by plucking strings that are stretched over a board 萨泰利琴（古代及中世纪使用的一种拨弦乐器）.

psephology
[se'fClEdVi; - si:'f-; si'falEdVi] n [U] study of the way in which people vote in elections, esp by means of opinion polls 选举学. 派生： psephological[7sefE'lCdVikl; - 7si:f-; 7sifE'ladVikEl] adj of or relating to psephology 选举学的; 与选举学有关的. psephologist/se'fClEdVist; - si:'f-; si'falEdVist] n expert in or student of psephology 选举学专家; 选举学的研究者.

pseud
[sju:d; - 'su:d; sud] n (infml derog 口, 贬) person who tries to appear more knowledgeable, fashionable or cultured than he really is; pretentious and affected person 假充有知识、 合乎潮流或有教养的人; 伪君子: * She's just a pseud; she knows nothing about art really. 她不过是假充内行罢了, 实际上对艺术一窍不通.

pseudo
[5sju:dEu; - 'su:-; 5sudo] adj (infml 口) not genuine; sham or insincere 假的; 虚伪的; 不真诚的: * This apparent interest of his in modern music is completely pseudo. 他对现代音乐显露出的雅兴纯属自欺欺人.

pseudonym
[5sju:dEnim; - 'su:dEnim; 5sudn7im] n (also `nom de plume) person's name that is not his real name, esp one used by an author; pen-name 假名; 化名; （尤指）笔名: * George Eliot was the pseudonym of Mary Ann Evans. 乔治．艾略特是玛丽．安．埃文斯的笔名. * She writes under a pseudonym. 她用笔名发表作品. 派生： pseudonymous/sju:'dCnimEs; - su:-; su'danEmEs] adj (fml 文) writing or written under a pseudonym 用假名的; 用笔名写作的; 署笔名的.

psi
abbr 缩写 = pounds (pressure) per square inch (eg on tyres) 磅/平方英寸（压力标志, 如轮胎上的字样）.

psittacosis
[7sitE'kEusis; 7sitE'kosis] n [U] serious viral disease causing fever and pneumonia in humans, who can catch it from parrots and other birds 鹦鹉热（由鹦鹉等传染给人的疾病）.

psoriasis
[sE'raiEsis; sE'raiEsis] n [U] skin disease that causes red scaly patches 牛皮癣; 银屑病.

psst
[pst; pst] interj (used to attract sb's attention secretly or furtively 用以暗中或悄悄提起他人注意): * `Psst! Let's get out now before they see us!’ ‘嘘! 趁着现在他们没看见, 咱们走吧!’

PST
[7pi: es 'ti:; 7pi es 'ti] abbr 缩写 = (US) Pacific Standard Time 太平洋标准时.

psych
(also psyche)[saik; saik] v (infml 口) 1 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sb (out) make sb nervous or less confident, etc, esp by psychological means 使某人精神紧张或丧失信心等（尤指用攻心方法）: * Her arrogant behaviour on court psyched her opponent (out) completely. 她在法庭上那盛气凌人的样子把对方完全镇慑住了. 2 (phr v) psych sb/oneself up prepare sb/oneself mentally for sth 使某人[自己]对某事物作好思想准备: * She had really psyched herself up for the big match. 她为大赛作了充分的心理准备. psych(o)-, psychocomb form 构词成分 of the mind 精神的; 心灵的; 心理的: psychiatry * psychology * psychotherapy.

psyche
[5saiki; 5saiki] n human soul or mind 灵魂; 心灵: * Is aggression an essential part of the human psyche? 损人利己是否是人心灵的主宰?

psychedelic
[7saiki'delik; 7saiki'delik] adj 1 (of drugs) producing hallucinations （指药物）引起幻觉的, 致幻觉的: * Mescalin and LSD are psychedelic drugs. 仙人球毒瞏和麦角酸二乙基奶胺都是迷幻药. 2 having intensely vivid colours, sounds, etc like those experienced whilehallucinating （色彩、 声音等）产生迷幻效果的: * psychedelicmusic 使人精神恍惚的音乐. > psychedelically[-kli; -kli] adv.

psychiatry
[sai'kaiEtri; - si-; sE'kaiEtri] n [U] study and treatment of mental illness 精神病学; 精神病治疗. Cf 参看 psychology 1. 派生： psychiatric[7saiki'Atrik; 7saiki'Atrik] adj of or concerning psychiatry 精神病学的; 治疗精神病的: * a psychiatric clinic 精神病诊所 * psychiatric treatment 精神病的治疗. psychiatrist[-ist; -ist] n specialist in psychiatry 精神病专家; 精神科医生.

psychic
[5saikik; 5saikik] adj 1 (also psychical[5saikikl;'saikikl] ) (a) concerned with processes and phenomena that seem to be outside physical or natural laws 关於通灵的; 超自然的: * psychical research, ie the study and investigation of psychical phenomena, eg telepathy 通灵研究（研究心灵现象, 如心灵感应）. (b) of the soul or mind 灵魂的; 心灵的. 2 (claiming to be) able to respond to or exercise supernatural or occult powers （自称）通灵的, 有特异功能的: * She claims to be psychic and to be able to foretell the future. 她自称有特异功能, 能预知未来. 派生： psychic n person claiming or appearing to be responsive to supernatural powers （自称）通灵的或有特异功能的人; 巫师.

psychoanalysis
[7saikEuE'nAlEsis; 7saikoE'nAlEsis] (also analysis) n [U] (method of treating mental disorders by) repeatedly interviewing a person in order to make him aware of experiences in his early life and trace the connection between them and his present behaviour or feelings 精神分析（治疗法）; 心理分析（治疗法）. 派生： psychoanalyst[7saikEu'AnElist; 7saiko'Anlist] (alsoanalyst) n person who practises psychoanalysis 采用精神分析治疗法的专家; 精神分析学家. psychoanalytic, psychoanalytical[7saikEu7AnE'litik, -ikl; 7saiko7Anl'itik, -ikl] adjs relating to psychoanalysis 精神分析（治疗法）的; 心理分析（治疗法）的. psychoanalytically[-ikli; -ikli] adv. psychoanalyse[7saikEu'AnElaiz; 7saiko'Anl7aiz] (alsoanalyse, US -lyze) v [Tn] treat or investigate (sb) by means of psychoanalysis 用精神分析法治疗（某人）; 给（某人）作精神分析.

psychology
[sai'kClEdVi; sai'kalEdVi] n 1 [U] science or study of the mind and how it functions 心理学: * child psychology 儿童心理学 * industrial psychology 工业心理学. Cf 参看 psychiatry. 2 [sing] (infml 口) mental characteristics of a person or group 心理; 心理特点: * the psychology of the adolescent 青春期心理特点. 派生： psychological[7saikE'lCdVikl; 7saikE'ladVikl] adj 1 of or affecting the mind 心理的; 精神上的: * the psychological development of a child 儿童的心理成长. 2 of or relating to psychology 心理学的; 关於心理学的: * psychological methods, research 心理学的方法、 研究. 3 (idm 习语) the ,psychological `moment the most appropriate time to do sth, in order to achieve success （做某事的）最适当的时机: * We're going to have to ask for more money it's just a question of finding the (right) psychological moment. 我们准备要求多加点钱--问题是得找个（最）适当的机会. psychologically[-kli; -kli] adv. ,psychological `warfare (waging war by) weakening an enemy's morale or by trying to change his attitudes, beliefs, etc 心理战. psychologist[-ist; -ist] n student of or expert in psychology 心理学研究者; 心理学家.

psychopath
[5saikEupAW; 5saikE7pAW] n person suffering from a severe mental or emotional disorder,esp one who behaves in a violently aggressive or antisocialway 精神变态者, 精神病患者（尤指行为有破坏性或危害社会者）. 派生： psychopathic[7saikEu'pAWik; 7saikE'pAWik] adj of or suffering from a severe emotional or mental disorder 精神变态的; 患精神病的.

psychosis
[sai'kEusis; sai'kosis] n (pl -choses[- 5kEUsi:z; -`kosiz/) [C, U] severe mental illness that affects the whole personality 精神病.

psychosomatic
[7saikEusE'mAtik; 7saikEsE'mAtik] adj 1 (of disease) caused or made worse by mental stress （指疾病）由精神压力引起的, 因有精神压力而恶化的. 2 dealing with the relationship between the mind and the body 治疗身心失调之疾病的: * psychosomaticmedicine 心身医学. > psychosomatically[-kli; -kli] adv.

psychotherapy
[7saikEu'WerEpi; 7saiko'WerEpi] n [U] treatment of mental disorders by psychological methods 精神疗法; 心理疗法. 派生： psychotherapist[-ist; -ist] n person who treats people by using psychotherapy 采用精神疗法的医生.

psychotic
[sai'kCtik; sai'katik] adj of or suffering from psychosis 精神病的; 患精神病的: * a psychotic disorder 精神错乱. 派生： psychotic n person suffering from psychosis 精神病患者.

PT
[7pi: 'ti:; 7pi 'ti] abbr 缩写 = physical training 体育锻炼: * do PT 进行体育锻炼 * a PT lesson 一堂体育课. Cf 参看 PE.

PTA
[7pi: ti: 'ei; 7pi ti 'e] abbr 缩写 = parent-teacher association (eg in schools) 家长教师联谊会（如中小学的）.

ptarmigan
[5ta:migEn; 5tarmEgEn] n bird of the grouse family, with black or grey feathers in summer and white feathers in winter 雷鸟（松鸡科鸟, 夏季羽毛呈黑色或灰色, 冬季呈白色）.

Pte
abbr 缩写 = (Brit) (US Pvt) Private (soldier): Pte (Jim) Hill 二等兵（吉姆．）希尔.

pterodactyl
[7terE'dAktil; 7terE'dAktil] n extinct flying reptile 翼指龙, 翼手龙（绝灭的飞行爬行动物）.

PTO
(also pto)[7pi: ti: 'Eu; 7pi ti 'o] abbr 缩写 = (eg at the bottom of a page) please turn over 见反面, 见下页（如页末字样）.

ptomaine
[5tEumein; 5tomen] n [C, U] any of a group of substances formed by decaying animal and vegetable matter 硷, 毒（动物和蔬菜腐烂後产生的物质）. 复合： `ptomaine poisoning (dated 旧) = food poisoning (food).

pub
[pQb; pQb] n (Brit infml 口) public house 酒店; 酒馆: * They've gone down/round to the pub for a drink. 他们到酒店喝酒去了. 复合： `pub crawl (Brit infml 口) tour of several pubs or bars with drinking at each of them 连着光顾几家酒店或酒吧: go on a pub crawl 接连到好几家酒店喝酒.

puberty
[5pju:bEti; 5pjublti] n [U] stage at which a person's sexual organs are maturing and he or she becomes capable of having children 青春期: * reach the age of puberty 到达青春期.

pubic
[5pju:bik; 5pjubik] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of or on the lower part of the abdomen, near the sexual organs 阴部的; 近阴部的; 性器官附近的: * pubic hair 阴毛 * the pubic bone 耻骨. =>illus at male 见male插图.

public
[5pQblik; 5pQblik] adj 1 (esp attrib 尤作定语) (a) of or concerning people in general 公众的; 与公众有关的: * a danger to public health 对公众健康的威胁 * The campaign was designed to increase public awareness of the problem. 这个运动目的在於提高公众对这一问题的认识. * public expenditure 公共事业开支. (b) provided, esp by central or local government, for the use of people in general 为公众的, 公用的, 公共的（尤指由中央或地方政府提供的）: * public education, libraries, parks 民众教育、 公共图书馆、 公园 * the public highway 公路. (c) of or engaged in the affairs, entertainment, service, etc of the people （从事）公共事务、 群众娱乐活动、 社会服务等的: * He is one of the most admired public figures/figures in public life today. 他是当今公众事务中最受大家爱戴的人. 2 open or known to people in general 向大众公开的; 众所周知的: * She decided to make her views public. 她决定把自己的观点公开. * a public admission of guilt 公开承认有罪 * a public place 公共场所. Cf 参看 private. 3 (idm 习语) be public knowledge be generally known 众所周知: * It's public knowledge she's expecting a baby. 大家都知道她已怀孕了. go `public (of a company) become a public company by selling shares to the public （指公司）向公众出售股份. in the public `eye well known to or often seen by the public (in newspapers, on television, etc) （报刊、 电视等上）公众熟悉的, 公众常见的. ,public `property (thing that is) known to everybody or anybody 人人皆知的（事物）: * Their financial problems are public property now. 他们在经济上出现的问题现已尽人皆知了. 派生： public n 1 [Gp] (a) the public (members of) the community in general 公众; 民众: the British public 英国公众 * The public is/are not allowed to enter the court room. 一般民众不准进入审判室. (b) part of the community having a particular interest in common （有共同爱好的）一群人: the theatre-going public 爱看戏的人

public1
* She knows how to keep her public (eg the readers of her books) satisfied. 她知道怎样迎合她那些读者的需要. 2 (idm 习语) in `public not in private; openly 公开地; 公然: She was appearing in public (ie in front of people in general) for the first time since her illness. 她自从患病以来第一次公开露面. wash one's dirty linen in public => wash2. publicly[-kli; -kli] adv. 复合： ,public-ad`dress system (abbr 缩写 P`A system) system of microphones and loudspeakers used at public meetings, sports events, etc 扩音系统. ,public `bar (Brit) bar in a public house with simpler or less comfortable furniture than other bars （酒店中的）酒吧（设备较其他酒吧简陋）. Cf 参看 lounge bar (lounge). ,public `company (also ,public ,limited `company) (abbrs 缩写 ,PL`C, plc) company that sells shares in itself to the public 向公众出售股份的公司: The pension fund owns shares in several major public companies. 该养老基金在几家主要出售股份给公众的公司中均有股份. ,public con`venience (Brit) toilet provided for the public to use 公共厕所. =>Usage at toilet 用法见toilet. ,public `house (Brit fml 文) building (not a club, hotel, etc but often serving meals) where alcoholic drinks are sold and drunk 酒店, 酒馆（常供应饭菜）: Public houses are licensed to sell alcoholic drinks for a certain number of hours per week. 酒店执有酒类经销许可证, 每周可按一定时数出售. Cf 参看 inn, tavern. ,public `lending right (abbr 缩写 ,PL`R) right of authors to receive payment when their books are borrowed from public libraries 作者对公共图书馆出借其着作所享有的获得报酬的权利. ,public `nuisance 1 (law 律) illegal act that is harmful to people in general 妨害公众利益的违法行为: charged with committing a public nuisance public2 /// ,public o`pinion opinions or views of the public in general 舆论; 民意: Public opinion was opposed to the war. 舆论是反对那场战争的. ,public o`pinion poll => poll1 2. ,public `ownership ownership and management of an industry by the State 公有（制）; 国家所有（制）: Socialist policy favours public ownership of the coal industry. 社会主义的政策有利於在煤炭工业中推行公有制. ,public `prosecutor (law 律) legal official who conducts prosecutions on behalf of the State or in the public interest 检察官; 公诉人. ,Public `Record Office (Brit) place where official records are kept and made available to the public 档案局（保存官方档案可供公众查阅）. ,public re`lations (abbr 缩写 ,P`R) 1 work ofpresenting a good image of an organization, a commercialfirm, etc to the public, esp by distributing information 公关工作; 公关活动: She works in public relations. 她从事公关工作. 2 relationship (esp a friendly one) between an organization, etc and the public 公共关系: We support local artistic events; it's good for public relations. 我们赞助本地的艺术活动; 这有利於促进公共关系. ,public re`lations officer (abbr 缩写 ,PR`O) person employed in public relations 公共关系人员. ,public `school 1 (in Britain, esp England) private school (usu a boarding-school) for pupils aged between 13 and 18 whose parents pay fees for their education 公学（英国, 尤指英格兰之私立付费学校, 通常实行寄宿制, 学生年龄为13岁至18岁）. Cf 参看 preparatory school (preparatory). 2 (esp in the US) local state school providing free education （尤指美国地方开办的免费的）公立学校. ,public `spirit readiness to do things that help the community 热心公益的精神. ,public-`spirited adj: It's very public-spirited of you to offer to take the old people to the shops each week. 你每星期都主动领老年人去商店购物, 真有助人为乐的精神.

public3
,public `transport buses, trains, etc available to the public according to a published timetable 公共交通工具（公共汽车、 火车等）: travel by public transport 乘公共车辆旅行. ,public u`tility (fml 文) public service such as the supply of water, electricity, gas or a bus or rail network 公用事业: [attrib 作定语] public utility companies 公用事业公司.

publican
[5pQblikEn; 5pQblikEn] n person who owns or manages a public house 酒店老板.

publication
[7pQbli'keiFn; 7pQbli'keFEn] n 1 (a) [U] action of making a book or periodical, available to the public 出版; 刊行: * the date of publication 出版日期 * It was clear, even before publication, that the book would be a success. 该书将驰誉天下, 这一点甚至在出版发行以前就已十分清楚. (b) [C] book, periodical, etc that is published 出版物: * There are many publications on the subject. 关於这一问题的出版物有很多. 2 [U] action of making sth known to the public 发表; 公布: * publication of the exam results 考试成绩的公布 * The government have delayed publication of the trade figures. 政府已将贸易统计数字延後公布.

publicist
[5pQblisist; 5pQblisist] n 1 person whose job is to make sth widely known; press or publicity agent 宣传人员; 宣传代理人. 2 writer or specialist in current affairs, eg a political journalist 政论家; 时事评论员.

publicity
[pQb'lisEti; pQb'lisEti] n [U] 1 state of being known to, seen by, etc the public 为公众所知、 所见等之状况: * avoid/shun/seek publicity 避免[不愿/一心要]引起公众注意 * Their marriage took place amid a blaze of publicity. 他们举行婚礼轰动一时. 2 (business of) providing information in order to attract public attention; advertising 宣传（业务）; 广告: * Her new play has attracted a lot of publicity. 她的新剧作获得广泛宣传. * The publicity for the book was poor and sales were low. 该书宣传工作没有做好, 所以销量不大. * [attrib 作定语] a publicity campaign, ie special effort to publicize and promote sth 宣传运动. 3 (idm 习语) the glare of publicity => glare2. 复合： pub`licity agent person whose job is to make a performer, book, play, product, etc successful by informing the public about him or it （推荐表演者、 书籍、 剧作、 产品等的）宣传代理人.

publicize, publicise
[5pQblisaiz; 5pQbli7saiz] v [Tn] inform the public about (sth), esp by advertising it 宣传（某事物）（尤指用广告）: * an advertising campaign to publicize the new train service 为新投入运营的铁路路线而开展的宣传活动 * a well-publicized attempt to break the world speed record 为打破世界速度纪录的尝试进行了充分的宣传.

publish
[5pQbliF; 5pQbliF] v 1 [Tn] (a) prepare, have printed and distribute to the public (a book, periodical, etc) 出版, 发行（书籍、 期刊等）: * This book is published by Oxford University Press. 这本书是牛津大学出版社出版的. * The journal is published monthly. 那本杂志是月刊. (b) (of an author) have (one's work) printed and distributed （指作者）使（作品）印行, 发表: * He publishes articles in various newspapers. 他在许多报纸上发表文章. * She is publishing a history of the war period. 她有一部战争时期的历史着作正在印行. 2 [Tn] make (sth) known to the public 公布, 宣布（某事物）: * The firm publishes its accounts in August. 该商行於八月份公布会计帐目. * publish the banns of marriage, ie announce formally (in church) the names of people who are soon to be married 公布结婚预告（教堂正式宣布即将结婚者的名单）. 3 (idm 习语) ,publish and be `damned (catchphrase 警语) (said eg to a blackmailer) make your accusation public if you like; I refuse to be blackmailed （对例如敲诈者说的话）你愿意宣扬就宣扬去吧, 我可不吃你那一套. 派生： publishing n [U] profession or business of publishing books 出版（业）: She chose publishing as a career. 她选择的职业是出版工作. publisher n person or firm that publishes (publish 1a) books, newspapers, etc 出版者; 出版商; 出版社: Several publishers are competing in the same market. 几家出版公司正在同一市场上进行竞争.

puce
[pju:s; pjus] adj, n [U] (of a) purple-brown colour 紫褐色（的）: * The man's face was puce with rage. 那人的脸都气紫了.

puck
[pQk; pQk] n hard rubber disc struck by players in ice hockey （冰球运动用的）冰球（饼状, 用硬橡胶做成）.

pucker
[5pQkE(r); 5pQkl] v [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (up) (cause sth to) form small folds or wrinkles （使某物）起褶子或皱纹: * The dress fitted badly and puckered at the waist. 这件连衣裙不合身, 腰部很皱. * The child's face puckered (up) and he began to cry. 那孩子脸一皱哭了起来. * pucker one's brows 皱起眉头. 派生： pucker n small wrinkle, esp an unwanted one, in a garment （衣服上的）皱纹, 褶子（尤指不应有的）: an obvious pucker in the seam of her dress 她衣缝上的一处明显的皱纹.

puckish
[5pQkiF; 5pQkiF] adj mischievous, esp in a playful way; impish 恶作剧的; 胡闹的; 顽皮的: * a puckish grin 调皮的一笑. > puckishly adv: * smiling puckishly 嬉笑.

pudding
[5pudiN; 5pudiN] n 1 [C, U] (also infml 口语作 pud/pud; pud] ) (Brit) (dish of) sweet food eaten at the end of a meal; dessert （一道）甜食（於餐末食用）; 甜点心: * There isn't a pudding today. 今天没有甜食. * What's for pudding? 甜点吃什麽? Cf 参看 afters. 2 (a) [C, U] (also Brit infml 英式口语作 pud) sweet or savoury dish usu made with flour and cooked by baking, boiling or steaming 布丁（通常用面粉经烘烤或蒸煮做成的美味甜食品）: * bread and butter pudding 面包黄油布丁 * rice pudding 大米布丁 * steak and kidney pudding 牛排腰子布丁 * Christmas/plum pudding 圣诞布丁. (b) [C] thing like this in texture or appearance; (person with a) large, fat face 材料或外观似布丁之物; 肥胖而大的脸; 面孔肥胖而大的人: * [attrib 作定语] pudding face 大胖脸. 3 [C, U] any of various types of sausage 香肠: * black pudding, ie a type of blood sausage made with oatmeal 黑香肠（用燕麦片与血制成）. 4 [C] (also `pudding head) (infml 口) fat and slow or stupid person 肥胖而迟钝的人; 笨蛋. 5 (idm 习语) the proof of the pudding =>proof1.

puddle
[5pQdl; 5pQdl] n [C] small pool of water, esp of rain-water on the road 水坑; （尤指道路上的）雨水坑. 派生： puddle v [Tn] stir (molten iron) in order to expel carbon and produce wrought iron 搅炼（熔铁）.

pudenda
[pju:'dendE; pju'dendE] n [pl] (fml 文) external genitals, esp of a woman 外生殖器（尤指女性的）.

pudgy
[5pQdVi; 5pQdVi] adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) short and fat; podgy 矮胖的; 短而粗的: * pudgy fingers 短而粗的手指 * a pudgy child 胖乎乎的小孩. > pudginess n [U].

puerile
[5pjuErail; - -rEl; 5pjuE7rEl] adj (derog 贬) showing immaturity; childish and silly 幼稚的; 孩子气的; 愚蠢的: * puerile behaviour, concerns, objections, tasks 幼稚的行为、 无谓的操心、 徒劳的反对、 无聊的工作 * She was tired of answering these puerile questions. 她回答这些幼稚的问题觉得不胜其烦. 派生： puerility/pjuE'rilEti; 7pjuE'rilEti] n (fml derog 文, 贬) (a) [U] puerile behaviour; childishness 幼稚; 愚蠢. (b) [C esp pl 尤作复数] (fml 文) childish and foolish act, idea, statement, etc 幼稚、 愚蠢的言行、 想法等.

puerperal
[pju:'E:pErEl; pju'EpErEl] adj [attrib 作定语] (medical 医) of or related to childbirth 分娩的; 与分娩有关的: * puerperal fever 产褥热.

puff
1[pQf; pQf] n 1 [C] (a) (sound of a) short light blowing of breath or wind （呼吸或风的）呼, 吹, 喷（之声）: * a puff of wind 一阵风 * She blew out the candles in one puff. 她噗的一声把蜡烛都吹灭了. (b) amount of smoke, steam, etc sent out at one time 一缕（烟、 蒸气等）: * There was a puff of steam from the engine before it stopped. 机车喷出一股蒸气後就停了下来. * (fig 比喻) puffs of cloud in the sky 天空中朵朵的浮云 * (joc 谑) vanish in a puff of smoke, ie disappear quickly 一溜烟就不见了. (c) (infml 口) short drawing in of breath when smoking a pipe or cigarette （烟斗或香烟的）一吸, 一口: * She stubbed out the cigarette after the first puff. 她只吸了一口就把香烟掐灭了. 2 [C] = powder-puff (powder). 3 [C] (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) hollow piece of pastry filled with cream, jam, etc （有奶油、 果酱等馅的）酥皮点心: * a cream puff 奶油酥. 4 [U] (infml 口) = breath1 1a: * out of puff, ie breathless 气喘吁吁的. 派生： puffy adj (-ier, -iest) forming or covered with a soft swelling or swellings 膨胀的; 肿胀的: Beat the mixture until it has a light, puffy texture. 把混合料搅拌到发起来为止. * Her skin is puffy round her eyes. 她眼圈浮肿. puffily adv. puffiness n [U] state of being puffy 膨胀; 肿胀: Puffiness round the eyes is a sign of poor health. 眼圈浮肿是不健康的样子. 复合： `puff-adder n large poisonous African viper that puffs out the upper part of its body when it is excited 鼓腹巨┹（非洲产的大毒蛇, 受刺激时身体上半部即膨胀）. `puff-ball n type of fungus with a ball-shaped spore-case that bursts open when it is ripe 马勃菌（有球状孢子囊, 成熟时即裂开）. ,puff `pastry type of light flaky pastry used for pies, cakes, etc （做馅饼、 糕饼等用的）油酥面团.

puffin
[5pQfin; 5pQfin] n type of N Atlantic sea-bird with a large brightly-coloured bill 海鹦（海鸟, 产於北大西洋,嘴大而颜色鲜艳）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page v.

pug
[pQg; pQg] (also `pug-dog) n small dog with a short flattish nose like that of a bulldog 哈巴狗. 复合： `pug-nose n short, squat or snub nose 短平的翘鼻子; 狮子鼻. `pug-nosed adj having a pug-nose 长有狮子鼻的.

pugilist
[5pju:dVilist; 5pjudVElist] n (fml 文) professionalboxer （职业的）拳击手. 派生： pugilism[-lizEm; -lizEm] n [U] (fml 文) professionalboxing （职业）拳击. pugilistic[7pju:dVi'listik; 7pjudVE'listik] adj (fml 文)(a) of or like a pugilist （似）职业拳击手的. (b) of pugilism（职业）拳击的.

pugnacious
[pQg'neiFEs; pQg'neFEs] adj (fml 文) inclined or eager to fight; aggressive 好战的; 好斗的; 好寻 的: * in a pugnacious mood 有好斗的情绪. >pugnaciously adj. pugnacity/pQg'nAsEti; pQg'nAsEti] n [U].

puke
[pju:k; pjuk] v [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (up) (sl 俚) vomit 呕吐: * The baby puked (up) all over me. 这小孩儿吐了我一身. * It makes me want to puke (ie It disgusts me)! 这真让人恶心（使我感到厌恶）! 派生： puke n [U] vomit 呕吐.

pull
1[pul; pul] n 1 [C] ~ (at/on sth) act of pulling; tug 拉; 拖; 扯; 拽; 牵: * A pull on the rope will make the bell ring. 一拉绳子钟就响. * I felt a pull at my sleeve and turned round. 我觉得有人扯我的袖子, 便转过身来. 2 [sing] the ~ of sth (a) physical force or magnetic attraction found in nature （自然界的）力, 磁力, 引力: * The tides depend on the pull of the moon. 潮汐是月亮引力作用的结果. * the pull of the current carrying us downstream 使我们顺流而下的冲力. (b) (fig 比喻) force that influences a person's behaviour, career, etc （对人的行为、 事业等的）影响（力）, 吸引（力）: * the pull of the wandering life 漫游生活之令人神往 * He felt the pull of the sea again. 他又感到了海上生活的吸引力. 3 [U] (infml 口) influence over other people （对他人的）影响（力）: * He has a lot of pull with the managing director. 他对总经理有很大的影响力. 4 [C] ~ (at sth) (a) action of drinking deeply 大口喝: * take a pull at a bottle 从瓶中喝一大口. (b) action of inhaling smoke from a cigarette, pipe, etc 吸, 抽（香烟、 烟斗等）: * She took a long pull at her cigarette. 她深深地吸了一口烟. 5 [sing] prolonged effort (in walking, rowing etc) （行走、 划船等）持续的努力: * It was a hard pull up to the mountain hut. 费了很大力气才到达山上的小屋. * It was a long pull to the shore. 费了半天劲才划到岸边. 6 [C] (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) handle for pulling sth 拉手; 拉线; 拉环: * a bell-pull. 7 [C] (in printing) single impression; proof （印刷）样张, 校样. 8 [C] (in cricket or golf) type of stroke （板球或高尔夫球的）一种击球方式. Cf 参看 pull2 11.

pullet
[5pulit; 5pulit] n young domestic hen, esp at the time she begins to lay eggs 小母鸡（尤指开始生蛋的）.

pulley
[5puli; 5puli] n 1 (apparatus consisting of a) wheel or wheels with grooves for ropes or chains, used for lifting things 滑轮（组）; 滑车. 2 wheel or drum fixed on a shaft and turned by a belt, used esp to increase speed or power 皮带轮. 复合： `pulley-block wooden block in which a pulley(1) is fixed 装有滑轮的木架.

Pullman
[5pulmEn; 5pulmEn] (also `Pullman car, US `parlor car) n (esp formerly) luxurious type of railway carriage without compartments, and with seats grouped at tables （尤指旧时）豪华型列车车厢（无隔间, 设有桌椅）.

pullover
[5pulEuvE(r); 5pul7ovl] n = jersey 1.

pulmonary
[5pQlmEnEri; - -neri; 5pQlmE7neri] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (medical 医) of, in or affecting the lungs 肺的; 肺部的; 侵袭肺部的: * pulmonary diseases 肺部疾病 * the pulmonary arteries, ie those that carry blood to the lungs 肺动脉.

pulp
[pQlp; pQlp] n 1 (a) [U] soft fleshy inner part of fruit; flesh 水果的肉质部分; 果肉: * Scoop out the pulp and serve it with sugar. 把果肉挖出来和糖一起食用. * tomato pulp 西红柿瓤. (b) [U] soft mass of wood fibre, used for making paper 纸浆: * `wood pulp 木浆. (c) [U, sing] substance with a soft texture similar to these 柔软似果肉或浆状之物质: * reduce the garlic to a pulp, ie beat or crush it until it becomes pulp 把蒜捣成蒜泥 * The beans need to be mashed into (a) pulp. 豆子需压成豆沙. * (fig 比喻) The gang threatened to beat him to a pulp (ie injure him badly) if he gave any more trouble. 匪徒威胁他说再不服就把他打个稀巴烂. 2 [U] (derog 贬) books, magazines that are of poor quality, esp popular sensational literature 低级书刊; （尤指）有刺激性的通俗读物: * She writes pulp. 她写低级趣味的书. * [attrib 作定语] pulp fiction, magazines 庸俗的小说、 杂志. 派生： pulp v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become pulp （使某物）成为浆状: pulp grapes, olives, raspberries, etc 把葡萄、 橄榄、 悬钩子...弄烂 * pulp (ie make pulp from) old books 把旧书制成纸浆. pulpy adj. (-ier, -iest) like or containing a lot of pulp(1c)像果肉或浆的; 多果肉的; 多汁的: a pulpy consistency 浆的黏稠度 * pulpy food 糊状食品.

pulpit
[5pulpit; 5pulpit] n 1 [C] (usu small) raised and enclosed platform in a church, where a clergyman stands when he is preaching （教堂中的）讲坛（通常指小型的）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page viii. 2 the pulpit [sing] (fml 文) (religious teaching of) the clergy 神职人员（的讲道）: * The policy was condemned (ie by clergymen) from the pulpit. 该项政策受到神职人员的谴责.

pulsar
[5pQlsa:(r); 5pQlsar] n star that cannot be seen but can be detected by pulsating radio signals 脉冲星; （快速）脉冲射电源.

pulsate
[pQl'seit; - 'pQlseit; 5pQlset] v 1 (also pulse) [I] expand and contract rhythmically; throb 有节奏地舒张及收缩; 跳动; 搏动; 脉动: * blood pulsating in the body 体内血脉搏动. 2 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) shake with regular movements or sounds; vibrate （使某物）有规律地振动; 颤动: * a pulsating rhythm 均匀的节奏 * The needle pulsates when the engine is running. 发动机开动时指针就颤动. 3 [Ipr] ~ with sth be moved by (strong emotion); be thrilled 受（激情）震动, 感动; 激动: * pulsate with desire, excitement, joy, etc 因满怀欲望、 激情、 喜悦等而激动. 派生： pulsation/pQl'seiFn; pQl'seFEn] n (a) [C] single beat or throb; heartbeat 一次跳动或搏动; 心跳: * a rate of 60 pulsations per minute 每分钟60次的脉率. (b) [U] pulsating; throbbing 有节奏的舒张及收缩; 跳动; 搏动; 脉动; 振动; 颤动: * the pulsation of the blood in the body 血液在体内的涌动.

pulse
1[pQls; pQls] n 1 (usu sing 通常作单数) (a) regular beating of the arteries as blood is pumped through them by the heart, esp as felt at the wrist 脉搏: * have a low, irregular, strong, weak, etc pulse 脉搏很慢、 不规则、 很强、 很弱等 * His pulse raced as he faced the armed intruder. 他面对携带武器的闯入者, 顿时血脉偾张. * [attrib 作定语] one's `pulse rate, ie the number of times per minute that one's heart beats, as felt at the wrist 脉率（按脉所得每分钟的心跳数）. (b) regular beat in music （音乐的）节拍: * the throbbing pulse of the drums 鼓的打击节拍. 2 (a) single vibration of sound, light, electric current, etc （声波、 光波、 电流等的）一次脉动: * The machine emits sound pulses. 这台机器可发出声脉冲信号. (b) (usu sing 通常作单数) series of these 连续的脉动; 脉冲波: * The machine is operated by an electronic pulse. 这台机器由电子脉冲信号操纵. 3 (idm 习语) feel/take sb's `pulse find out the speed of the heartbeat by feeling the pulse in the wrist and countingthe number of beats per minute 诊脉; 按脉; 把脉. have/keep one's finger on the pulse => finger. 派生： pulse v (a) [I, Ipr] ~ (through sth) move with strong regular movements; beat or throb 强烈而有规律地跳动; 搏动; 振动: The news sent the blood pulsing through his veins. 这消息使他的血液都沸腾起来了. * (fig 比喻) the life pulsing through a great city 大都市里紧张繁忙的生活. (b) [I] = pulsate 1.

pulverize, pulverise
[5pQlvEraiz; 5pQlvE7raiz] v 1 (fml 文) (a) [Tn] grind or smash (sth) to powder or dust 将（某物）磨成粉或捣成末; 粉碎, 摧毁（某物）: * a machine that pulverizes nuts, coffee beans, etc 研磨果仁、 咖啡豆等的机器. (b) [I] become powder or dust 成为粉状; 成末. 2 [Tn] (infml or joc 口或谑) destroy or defeat (sb/sth) completely 彻底粉碎或摧毁（某人[某事物]）: * He pulverized the opposition with the force of his oratory. 他能言善辩把对方驳得体无完肤. > pulverization, -isation[7pQlvErai'zeiFn; - -ri5z-; 7pQlvErE'zeFEn] n [U].

puma
[5pju:mE; 5pjumE] n (also cougar, ,mountain `lion) large brown American animal of the cat family 美洲狮.

pumice
[5pQmis; 5pQmis] (also `pumice-stone) n [C, U](piece of) light porous lava used for removing stains or rough patches of skin and (in powder form) for cleaning and polishing 浮岩, 浮石, 轻石（轻而多孔, 可用以去除皮肤污垢或使皮肤光滑, 其粉剂可作清洁剂或抛光剂）.

pummel
(also pommel)[5pQml; 5pQml] v (-ll-; US also -l-) [Tn] strike (sb/sth) repeatedly, esp with the fist(s); beat 连击（某人[某物]）（尤指用拳）; 打: * The child pummelled his mother angrily as she carried him home. 那孩子因其母带他回家而生气地捶打着母亲. 派生： pummelling[5pQmEliN; 5pQmEliN] n [sing] severe beating 沉重的打击: * The boxers gave each other a terrific pummelling. 那两名拳击手彼此都以重拳出击. * (fig 比喻) The team took a real pummelling in their last match. 这个队在最後的比赛中受到了沉重的打击.

pump
1[pQmp; pQmp] n 1 (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) machine or device for forcing liquid, gas or air into, out of or through sth, eg water from a well, petrol from a storage tank, air into a tyre or oil through a pipe-line 泵; 唧筒; 抽水机; 抽气机; 打气筒: * A pump in the boiler sends hot water round the central heating system. 热水器中的水泵将热水输送给集中供热设备. * a petrol pump 汽油泵 * She blew up the flat tyre with a bicycle pump. 她用自行车打气筒给瘪了的轮胎打气. * The doctor removed the contents of her stomach with a stomach pump. 医生用胃唧筒给她洗胃. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xiii. 2 pumping (pump1 v 1) action 泵的抽吸、 压送、 充气等动作: * After several pumps, the water began to flow. 用泵抽了几下之後, 水流出来了. * give sb's hand a pump, ie shake it energetically up and down 握住某人的手用力上下摇动. 3 (idm 习语) all hands to the pump => hand1. parish pump => parish. prime the pump => prime3. 派生： pump v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.a] cause (air, gas, water, etc) to move in a specified direction by using a pump1(1) 用泵等抽出或压入气体、 液体等: pump air into a tyre 给轮胎打气 * The heart pumps blood round the body. 心脏将血液压送到全身. 2 [I] (a) use a pump1(1) 使用泵等: You will need to pump hard for several minutes to fill the tank. 你需用泵着实抽吸几分钟, 才能把油箱灌满. (b) (of the heart or blood) beat （指心脏）跳动; （指血液）脉动: Her heart was pumping very fast. 她的心脏跳得很快. 3 [Tn, Tn.p] (infml 口) move (sb's hand) up and down like the handle of a pump 握住（某人的手）上下摇动（如唧筒的手柄）: He pumped my hand (up and down) vigorously. 他握住我的手用力地（上下）摇晃. 4 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth); ~ sth out of sb (infml 口) try to obtain (information) from sb by asking persistent questions 追问某人以探知（信息）: He tried to pump the secretary for information. 他极力向秘书打探消息.

pump1
* She succeeded in pumping the name of the winner out of him. 她从他的口中打听到了获胜者的名字. 5 (phr v) pump sth in; pump sth into sth/sb (a) invest much money (in sth) 将大量资金投入（某事物）: The firm pumped money into the development of the new product. 这家企业投入大量资金以开发这种新产品. (b) (infml 口) persuade or force sb to learn sth 劝说或驱使某人学习某事物: She tried to pump some facts into his head before the examination. 在考试前她极力向他灌输一些知识. pump sth up inflate (a tyre, etc) by pumping (pump1 v 1) air into it 给（轮胎等）充气. `pump-room n (esp formerly) room (at a spa) where mineral water is available for drinking （尤指旧时）（矿泉疗养地的）矿泉水饮用室.

pumpernickel
[5pQmpEnikl; 5pQmpl7nikl] n [U] type of (esp German) wholemeal rye bread （尤指德国的）全麦的黑麦面包.

pumpkin
[5pQmpkin; 5pQmpkin] n (a) [C] (plant that bears a) large round orange-coloured fruit with many seeds 南瓜; 倭瓜: * Some children make lanterns out of pumpkins at Hallowe'en. 有些儿童在万圣节前夕用南瓜做灯笼. (b) [U] flesh of this fruit, used as a vegetable and (esp in the US) as a filling for pies 南瓜的果肉, 南瓜瓤（用作蔬菜, 亦作饼馅, 尤其在美国）: * [attrib 作定语] pumpkin pie 南瓜馅饼.

pun
[pQn; pQn] n ~ (on sth) humorous use of a word that has two meanings or of different words that sound the same, eg `She told the child to try not to be so trying'; play on words 双关（语）（利用词的一词多义现象或同音异义现象产生出的词的诙谐用法）: * The slogan was a pun on the name of the product. 那广告用语与其产品名称一语双关. 派生： pun v (-nn-) [I, Ipr] ~ (on sth) make a pun or puns (on a word) 使用双关语: He's always punning and I don't find it funny. 他老是使用双关语, 我觉得很没意思.

Punch
[pQntF; pQntF] n 1 [sing] (name of a) grotesque humpbacked figure in a traditional puppet show called Punch and Judy 庞奇（传统木偶戏《庞奇和朱迪》中的驼背丑角）. 2 (idm 习语) as pleased as Punch => pleased (please).

punctilio
[pQNk'tiliEu; pQNk'tili7o] n (pl ~s) [C, U] (fml 文) (instance of) giving careful attention to every small point of ceremony, good conduct, honour, etc （对礼仪、 操守、 荣誉等的）谨慎, 一丝不苟, 拘泥, 拘谨, 拘礼.

punctilious
[pQNk'tiliEs; pQNk'tiliEs] adj (fml 文) very careful to carry out one's duties, etc correctly; very attentive to details of behaviour or ceremony （在履行职责等上）一丝不苟的; （在行为或礼节上）谨慎的: * a punctilious attention to detail 对细节一丝不苟 * a punctilious observance of the formalities 礼节上的拘谨. > punctiliously adv. punctiliousness n [U].

punctual
[5pQNktFuEl; 5pQNktFuEl] adj happening or doing sth at the agreed or proper time 按时的; 准时的; 守时的: * a punctual start to the meeting 会议准时开始 * be punctual for an appointment 准时赴约 * The tenants are punctual in paying the rent. 房客都能按时缴纳房租. 派生： punctuality[7pQNktFu'lEti; 7pQNktFu'AlEti] n [U] being punctual 及时; 准时; 守时. punctually[5pQNktFuEli; 5pQNktfuEli] adv: * arrive, depart,etc punctually 准时到达、 离去等.

punctuate
[5pQNktFueit; 5pQNktFu7et] v 1 [I, Tn] put full stops, commas, colons, question marks, etc into (a piece of writing) （在文字中）加标点符号, 加标点: * The children have not yet learned to punctuate correctly. 这些小学生尚未学会正确使用标点符号. * The transcription of his speech must be punctuated. 他的讲话文本得加上标点符号. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) interrupt sth (by/with sth) at intervals 不时打断某事物: * The announcement was punctuated by cheers from the crowd.在宣布过程中, 群众的欢呼声此起彼伏. * He punctuatedhis remarks with thumps on the table. 他讲话时不时地捶着桌子. 派生： punctuation[7pQNktFu'eiFn; 7pQNktFu'eFEn] n [U] (art, practice or system of) punctuating 标点符号的使用; 标点符号用法: * The children have never been taught punctuation. 这些孩子从未学过使用标点符号. 复合： punctu`ation mark any of the marks (eg full stop, comma, question mark, etc) used in a written or printed text to separate sentences, etc and to make the meaning clear 标点符号. =>App 3 见附录3.

puncture
[5pQNktFE(r); 5pQNktFl] n small hole made by a sharp point, esp one made accidentally in a tyre （尖物刺成的）小孔; （尤指）轮胎穿孔: * I got a puncture on the way and arrived late. 我在路上扎破了轮胎, 所以迟到了. 派生： puncture v 1 (a) [Tn] make a puncture in (sth) 在（某物）上穿孔; 刺穿（某物）: puncture a tyre, an abscess, a balloon 刺破轮胎、 脓肿、 气球 * She was taken to hospital with a punctured lung. 她因肺部被刺破而送进了医院. (b) [I] (of a tyre, etc) get a puncture （指轮胎等）被刺穿: Two of the tyres punctured on the stony road. 有两个车胎在碎石路上扎破了. 2 [Tn] reduce (sb's pride, confidence, etc); deflate 削弱（某人的傲气、 信心等）; 泄某人的气: I wish something would happen to puncture her ego, ie lessen her conceit. 她自以为是, 我希望让她碰个钉子.

pundit
[5pQndit; 5pQndit] n 1 very learned Hindu 博学的印度人. 2 (often joc 常作戏谑语) person who is an authority on a subject; expert 某一学科的权威; 专家: * The pundits disagree on the best way of dealing with the problem. 如何妥善处理这一问题, 专家众说纷纭. * a panel of well-known television pundits 由着名电视专家组成的专家小组.

pungent
[5pQndVEnt; 5pQndVEnt] n 1 having a sharp or strong taste or smell （味道或气味）有刺激味的, 辛辣的, 刺鼻的: * a pungent odour, sauce, spice, etc 刺鼻的气味、 辛辣的沙司、 有刺激味的香料. 2 (of remarks) sharply critical; biting or caustic （指言语）尖刻的, 刺人的, 刻薄的: * pungent comments, criticism, satire, etc 尖刻的评语、 批评、 讽刺等. 派生： pungency[-nsi; -nsi] n [U] quality or state of being pungent 刺激味; 辛辣; 尖刻. pungently adv.

punish
[5pQniF; 5pQniF] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] (a) ~ sb (for sth) (by/with sth) hurt, imprison, fine, etc sb for wrongdoing 罚、 处罚或惩罚某人: * punish those who break the law 惩罚违法者 * He punished the children for their carelessness by making them pay for the damage. 他让孩子赔偿损失, 惩罚他们粗心大意. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (by/with sth) hurt, imprison, fine, etc sb for (wrongdoing) 以（过错）为由处罚某人: * Serious crime must be punished by longer terms of imprisonment. 重罪须处以长期监禁. 2 [Tn] (infml 口) treat (sb) roughly, esp by giving hard blows 粗暴地对待（某人）; （尤指）痛打: * He punished his opponent with fierce punches to the body. 他猛击对手的身体. * Chapman punished the bowling, ie (in cricket) scored freely from weak bowling. 查普曼把投球手给治了（板球比赛中轻易得分, 因对方投球手技术差）. 派生： punishable adj ~ (by sth) that can be punished (esp by law) 可处罚的; 该处罚的; （尤指）该法办的:punishable by death 该处以死罪 * Giving false informationis a punishable offence. 谎报资料可以论罪. punishing adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] that makes one very tired or weak; severe 十分吃力的; 使人筋疲力尽的; 严厉的: a punishing climb up the hill 十分吃力的登山活动 * a punishing defeat 惨重的失败. n [sing] (infml 口) severe defeat or damage 极大的失败或损坏: My boots have taken quite a punishing recently I need a new pair. 我的靴子近来已经破得不得了了--我需要一双新的. punishingly adv. punishment n (a) [U] punishing or being punished处罚; 受罚: corporal punishment, ie punishment by physicalbeating, etc 体罚 * capital punishment, ie punishment by death 极刑（死刑）. (b) [C] penalty inflicted on sb who has done sth wrong 罚; 处罚; 惩罚: The punishments inflicted on the children were too severe. 对这些孩子的处罚过於严厉. * The punishment should fit (ie be appropriatefor) the crime. 罪与罚应相当.

punitive
[5pju:nEtiv; 5pjunEtiv] adj (fml 文) (a) intended as punishment 处罚的; 惩罚性的: * punitive action,measures, restrictions, etc 惩罚性的行动、 措施、 限定等 * a punitive expedition, ie a military one intended to punish rebels, etc 讨伐. (b) causing hardship; severe 令人受苦的; 严厉的: * punitive taxation 重税 * punitive increases in the cost of living 生活费用之急剧增加. > punitively adv.

punk
[pQNk; pQNk] n 1 (a) (also punk `rock) [U] type of loud violent rock3 music popular since the late 1970'sand associated with protest against conventional attitudes蓬克（一种摇滚乐, 自70年代末期起流行, 是对传统的反叛）: * [attrib 作定语] a punk band, concert, fan 蓬克摇滚乐队、 摇滚音乐会、 摇滚乐迷. (b) [C] (also punk `rocker) (esp young) person who likes punk music andimitates the appearance of punk musicians, eg by wearingmetal chains, clothes with holes in and brightly coloured hair 蓬克摇滚乐迷（喜爱蓬克摇滚乐、 模仿蓬克摇滚乐师打扮者, 尤指青年, 如佩带金属 、 穿破烂衣服、 将头发染成鲜艳的颜色等）: * [attrib 作定语] a punk hairstyle 蓬克发式. 2 (infml derog 口, 贬) (a) [C] (esp US) badly-behaved young man or boy; lout 行为不端的男性青少年; 小流氓. (b) [U] worthless stuff; rubbish 无用的东西; 废物: * [attrib 作定语] punk material 废料.

punnet
[5pQnit; 5pQnit] n (esp Brit) small basket made of very thin wood, plastic, etc and used as a container for fruit （用细木条、 塑料等制的很小的）水果篮子: * Strawberries cost 60p a punnet. 草莓60便士一小篮.

punster
[5pQnstE(r); 5pQnstl] n person who habitually makes puns 爱用双关语的人.

punt
1[pQnt; pQnt] n long shallow flat-bottomed boat with square ends that is moved by pushing the end of a long pole against the bottom of a river （用篙撑的）长而浅的方头平底船. 派生： punt v (a) [I, Ipr, Ip] move a punt with a pole (in the specified direction) 用篙撑方头平底船: She soon learned to punt. 她很快就学会了撑方头平底船. * They punted along the river. 他们撑着方头平底船沿河航行. (b) [I] (often 常作 go punting) go along a river in a punt, esp for pleasure 乘方头平底船沿河航行（尤指游览）.

puny
[5pju:ni; 5pjuni] adj (-ier, -iest) (usu derog 通常作贬义) (a) small, weak and underdeveloped 弱小的; 发育不良的; 未充分发展的: * puny limbs, muscles, stature 细弱的肢体、 不发达的肌肉、 瘦小的身材 * What a puny little creature! 多麽瘦小哇! (b) feeble or pathetic 虚弱的; 可怜的: * They laughed at my puny efforts at rock-climbing. 他们取笑我在攀岩活动中的那种可怜劲儿.

pup
[pQp; pQp] n 1 (a) = puppy 1. (b) young of various other animals, eg otters, seals 幼小动物（如小水獭、 小海豹）: * a mother seal and her pup 一只母海豹和一只小海豹. 2 = puppy 2. 3 (idm 习语) in pup (of a bitch) pregnant （指母狗）怀胎的. sell sb a pup => sell. 派生： pup v (-pp-) [I] give birth to a pup or pups 生小狗等小动物.

pupa
[5pju:pE; 5pjupE] n (pl ~s or pupae[5pju:pi:;'pjupi] ) insect in the stage of development between a larva and an adult insect 蛹. =>illus at butterfly 见butterfly插图. Cf 参看 chrysalis. 派生： pupal adj. pupate/pju:'peit; - 'pju:peit; 5pju7pet] v [I] (fml 文) (of an insect larva) develop into a pupa （指昆虫的幼虫）化蛹.

pupil
1[5pju:pl; 5pjupl] n (a) person, esp a child, who is taught in school or privately 学生; （尤指）小学生: * There are 30 pupils in the class. 这个班有30名学生. * She takes private pupils as well as teaching in school. 她除在学校任教外, 也私自教授学生. (b) person who is taught by an expert; follower 弟子; 门生; 追随者: * The painting is the work of a pupil of Rembrandt. 这幅画是伦勃朗的一位弟子的作品. * The tenor was a pupil of Caruso. 这位男高音歌手师承卡鲁索.

puppet
[5pQpit; 5pQpit] n 1 doll or small figure of an animal, etc, either a marionette that can be made to move by pulling wires or strings attached to its jointed limbs, or a glove puppet that fits one's hand so that one can move the head and arms with one's fingers 木偶: * [attrib 作定语] a puppet theatre 木偶剧院. =>illus 见插 图. 2 (usu derog 通常作贬义) person or group whose actions are controlled by another 傀儡: * The union representative was accused of being a puppet of the management. 那名工会代表受到了指责, 说他是资方的傀儡. * [attrib 作定语] a puppet government/state, ie one that is controlled by another power 傀儡政府[不能自主的国家]. 派生： puppeteer[7pQpi'tiE(r); 7pQpi'tir] n person who performs with or controls a puppet(1) or puppets 演木偶剧的人; 操纵木偶的人. puppetry[5pQpitri; 5pQpitri] n art of making and handling puppets (puppet 1) 制作木偶或演木偶剧的技艺. 复合： `puppet-play (also `puppet-show) n type of entertainment with puppets 木偶剧.

puppy
[5pQpi; 5pQpi] (also pup/pQp; pQp] ) n 1 young dog 小狗; 幼犬. 2 (infml derog 口, 贬) conceited or insolent young man 自负或傲慢的年轻人: * You insolent young puppy! 你这个目中无人的小子! 复合： `puppy-fat n [U] (infml 口) fatness, esp of a female child or adolescent, which disappears as the child grows up 儿童（尤指女性青少年）的肥胖（长大即消失）: After Jane lost her puppy-fat she became very slim. 简发育期间出现的肥胖消除之後, 显得十分苗条. `puppy-love (also `calf-love) n [U] (infml 口) immature infatuation of an adolescent 未成年男女不成熟的爱情: He's mad about his biology teacher, but it's only puppy-love. 他迷恋着生物学老师, 但那只不过是孩子的一片痴情罢了.

purchase
1[5pE:tFEs; 5pEtFEs] n 1 (fml 文) (a) [U] (action of) buying sth 购买: * the date of purchase 购买日期 * The receipt is your proof of purchase. 这张发票是你购物的凭据. * They began to regret the purchase of such a large house. 他们开始後悔不该买这麽大的房子. * hire-purchase 分期付款购买. (b) [C usu pl 通常作复数] thing bought 购买之物: * I have some purchases to make in town. 我要去城里买些东西. * It was the most extravagant purchase I have ever made. 这是我买过的最奢侈的东西. 2 [U, sing] (fml 文) firm hold or grip for pulling or raising sth, preventing it from slipping, etc; leverage （为拉动或升举某物、 防止滑落等的）紧握, 紧抓; 作用: * The climbers had difficulty getting a/any purchase on the rock face. 攀登者很难抓住岩石表面的什麽东西. 复合： `purchase price n price (to be) paid for sth 买价: The purchase price is less if you pay by cash. 付现金的话, 价钱便宜些. `purchase tax tax charged on several types of goods, at varying rates, collected by the retailer (and since 1973 replaced in Britain by VAT) 购买税（1973年以後在英国由增值税取代）. Cf 参看 sales tax (sale).

purdah
[5pE:dE; 5pEdE] n [U] (system in Muslim and Hindu societies of) keeping women from public view by means of a veil, curtain, etc 妇女用面纱、 幕等隔开公众视线的做法; 穆斯林社会和印度社会的深闺制度: * keep sb/be/live in purdah, ie concealed in this way 使某人身处於深闺之中[身居深闺] * (fig infml 比喻, 口) I've got a lot of urgent work to do at home and will have to go into purdah for a couple of weeks. 我有许多紧要的工作须在家里做, 因此要有几个星期足不出户.

pure
[pjuE(r); pjur] adj (in senses 1b, 1c, 2 and 4 用於下述第1b、 1c、 2、 4义时比较级作 -r, -st[5pjuErE(r),'pjuErist; 5pjurl, 'pjurist] ) 1 (a) not mixed with any other substance 纯的; 纯净的; 纯粹的: * pure cotton, gold, silk, wool, etc 纯棉、 纯金、 纯丝、 纯毛 * The room was painted pure white. 这房间漆成了纯白色. * (fig 比喻) pure bliss, happiness, etc 极乐、 至福. (b) without harmful substances; clean or unadulterated 无有害物质的; 洁净的; 不搀杂的: * pure water 洁净的水 * The air is so pure in these mountains. 这些山区里的空气格外清新. (c) [usu attrib 通常作定语] of unmixed origin or race 血统纯的; 纯种的: * She has pure gypsy blood in her veins. 她血管里流的是纯吉普赛人的血液. * He is a pure Red Indian. 他是血统纯正的北美印第安人. 2 without evil or sin, esp sexual sin; virtuous, chaste 无邪的; 清白的; 有操守的; （尤指）贞洁的: * (rhet 修辞) pure in body and mind 身心纯洁 * pure thoughts 纯洁的思想 * a pure young girl 纯真无邪的年轻姑娘 * keep oneself pure 洁身自好 * His motives were pure. 他的动机很单纯. 3 [attrib 作定语] nothing but; mere or sheer 单纯的; 仅仅的; 完全的: * They met by pure accident. 他们的相见纯属偶然. * pure folly, extravagance, nonsense 愚蠢透顶、 十足的浪费、 一派胡言 * do sth out of pure kindness, malice, mischief, etc 完全出於好意、 恶意、 戏弄人的动机等而做某事 * It was pure chance that I was there. 我刚巧在那儿. 4 (of sound) clear and unwavering （指声音）清晰的, 不发颤的: * a pure note, voice, etc 纯音、 纯正的嗓音. 5 [attrib 作定语] (fml 文) dealing with or studied for the sake of theory only; without practical application 纯理论的; 非实用的: * pure mathematics 理论数学 * pureart, ie art created for its own sake, and not for decoration,eg painting, sculpture, etc 纯艺术（为艺术而艺术而不以装饰为目的, 如绘画、 雕塑等）. Cf 参看 applied (apply).

pure1
6 (idm 习语) (as) pure as the driven snow extremely pure(2) 纯真无邪的; 玉洁冰清. ,pure and `simple (infml 口) (used after the n referred to 用於所指名词之後) and nothing else; sheer 纯粹的; 十足的: * It's laziness, pure and simple. 这纯粹是懒惰. * The reason for the change is lack of money, pure and simple. 进行更改的原因就是缺少经费. 派生： purely adv merely or entirely 纯粹地; 仅仅; 完全地: purely by accident 纯属偶然 * He bought it purely as an investment. 他纯粹是作为投资而购买的. pureness n [U] = purity. 复合： `pure-bred adj, n = thoroughbred.

puree
[5pjuErei; - pjuE'rei; pju're] n [U, C] (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) thick liquid made by pressing fruit or cooked vegetables through a sieve; pulp （水果或熟的蔬菜经挤压、 过滤後的）泥, 酱: * Make a puree of the vegetables. 做蔬菜泥吧. * apple, potato, raspberry, etc puree 苹果、 土豆、 悬钩子...泥. 派生： puree v [Tn] make (fruit or vegetables) into a puree 将（水果或蔬菜）做成泥: She fed the baby on pureed carrots. 她用胡萝卜泥喂养那婴儿. * a machine for pureeing vegetables 制作蔬菜泥的机器.

purgation
[pE:'geiFn; pE'geFEn] n [U] (fml 文) purging or purification 净化; 洗涤.

purgative
[5pE:gEtiv; 5pEgEtiv] n, adj (substance, esp a medicine) that causes the bowels to empty; strong(ly) laxative 通便的; 催泻的; 泻药: * This oil acts as a purgative/has a purgative effect. 这种油有催泻作用. * He was given a purgative before the operation. 他在手术前用了通便药.

purgatory
[5pE:gEtri; - -tC:ri; 5pEgE7tCri] n [U] 1 (usu 通常作 Purgatory) (in Roman Catholic teaching) place or condition in which the souls of the dead are purified by suffering in preparation for Heaven （天主教教义中的）炼狱: * a prayer for the souls in Purgatory 为炼狱中的灵魂作的祈祷. 2 (esp infml or joc 尤作口语或戏谑语) any place or condition of suffering 任何受难的处所或情况: * He's so impatient that waiting in a queue is sheer purgatory for him!他毫无耐性, 对他来说排队等候完全是活受罪! 派生： purgatorial[7pE:gE'tC:riEl; 7pEgE'tCriEl] adj (fml 文) of or like purgatory （似）炼狱的: * purgatorial agony, fires 炼狱般的痛苦、 大火.

purge
[pE:dV; pEdV] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sb (of/from sth); ~ sth (away) make sb clean or pure by removing (evil, sin, etc) 为某人（免罪、 赦罪等）: * Catholics go to confession to be purged of sin/purge (away) their sin/purge their souls of sin. 天主教徒透过告解以获得赦罪[净化灵魂]. 2 [Tn] (dated or joc 旧或谑) empty the bowels (of a person) 给（某人）通便: * A dose of this stuff will purge you! 这种药只须一剂就能让你通便! 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (of sb)[~ sb (from sth) rid (esp a political party) of (people thought to be undesirable); remove (such people) from (a party) 清除（尤指政党的）（异己分子）; 清洗（党员）: * So-called traitors were purged (from their ranks). 所谓的叛徒均已（从队伍中）清洗出去. * They promised that the party would be purged of racists/that racists would be purged from the party. 他们保证该党一定把种族主义分子清除掉[把种族主义分子从党内清洗出去]. 4 [Tn] (law 律) atone for (an offence, esp contempt of court) 弥补（罪过, 尤指藐视法庭罪）: * purge one's contempt 於藐视法庭後认错以求得免罪. 派生： purge n 1 action of ridding (a political party, state, etc) of people who are considered undesirable （政党、 国家等之）清洗行动; 整肃: a purge of disloyal members 对不忠诚分子的整肃行动 * the political purges that followed the change of government 随政权之改变而来的政治上的清洗. 2 (esp formerly) medicine that empties the bowels; purgative （尤指旧时的）泻药, 泻剂.

purify
[5pjuErifai; 5pjurE7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn, Tn.pr] (a) ~ sth (of sth) make sth pure by removing dirty, harmful or foreign substances 使某物纯净; 净化某物: * Water is purified by passing through rock. 水在穿透岩石的过程中获得了净化. * purified salts 精制的盐 * The soil has to be purified of all bacteria. 要消灭这土壤的所有细菌使之净化. * an air-purifying plant, eg for providing pure air in a factory 净化空气的设备（如在工厂中用以供给新鲜空气者）. (b) ~ sb (of sth) make sb pure by removing his sins, esp in a religious ceremony 洗刷某人的罪恶; （尤指在宗教仪式上）给某人涤罪. 派生： purification[7pjuErifi'keiFn; 7pjurEfE'keFEn] n [U] (action of) purifying 净化; 提纯; 涤罪: * purification of water 水的净化 * the purification of souls 心灵的净化.

purist
[5pjuErist; 5pjurist] n person who pays great attention to correctness, esp in the use of language or in the arts 纯粹主义者, 力求纯正的人（尤指在语言的运用或艺术方面）: * Purists were shocked by the changes made to the text of the play. 抱有纯粹主义观点的人对该剧语言中的更改感到震惊. > purism[5pjuErizEm; 5pjurizEm] n [U] (fml 文).

puritan
[5pjuEritEn; 5pjurEtn] n 1 Puritan member of the party of English Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries who wanted simpler forms of church ceremony 清教徒（16世纪和17世纪英国基督教新教徒之一派, 主张简化宗教仪式）: * [attrib 作定语] the Puritan settlers in New England 移民到新英格兰的英国清教徒. 2 (usu derog 通常作贬义) person who is extremely strict in morals and who tends to regard pleasure as sinful 道德上极拘谨, 视享乐为罪恶的人; 禁欲者; 苦行者: * the puritans who wish to clean up television 希望净化电视内容的道学先生. 派生： puritan adj 1 Puritan of or relating to a Puritan or Puritanism 清教徒的; 清教主义的; 禁欲的; 苦行的.2 = puritanical. puritanical[7pjuEri5tAnikl; 7pjurE'tAnikl] adj (derog 贬) very strict and severe in morals 清教徒式的; 道德上极拘谨的: * a puritanical attitude, conscience, upbringing清教徒式的态度、 良心、 教养 * pursue vice with puritanicalzeal 道学先生般地疾恶如仇. puritanically[-kli; -kli] adv: * puritanically opposed to pleasure 清教徒式地反对享乐. puritanism[5pjuEritEnizEm; 5pjurEtn7izEm] n [U] practices and beliefs of a Puritan or a puritan 清教徒的行为和教义; 清教主义.

purity
[5pjuErEti; 5pjurEti] (also pureness) n [U] state or quality of being pure 纯净; 纯洁; 纯粹; 纯正; 纯度: * test the purity of the water 检测水的纯度 * question the purity of their motives 对他们的动机是否纯洁存有疑问 * purity of colour, form, sound, etc 颜色、 形式、 声音等的纯正.

purl
[pE:l; pEl] n [C, U] (also `purl stitch) stitch in knitting that produces ridges on the upper side （编织的）反针: * knitted in purl 用反针编织 * Knit two plain, two purl. 两针平织, 两针反织. Cf 参看 plain3. 派生： purl v [I, Tn] knit (sth) in this stitch 用反针编织（某物）: Knit one (ie make one plain stitch), purl one. 平织一针, 反织一针.

purlieus
[5pE:lju:z; 5pEliuz] n [pl] (fml or rhet 文或修辞) outlying parts; outskirts 边缘部分; 外围部分; 郊区: * the purlieus of the capital 首都的郊区.

purloin
[pE:'lCin, 'pE:lCin; pE'lCin, 'pE7lCin] v [Tn] (fml or joc 文或谑) steal (sth) 偷窃（某物）: * food purloined from her employer's kitchen 从雇主的厨房里偷来的食物.

purple
[5pE:pl; 5pEpl] adj 1 having the colour of red and blue mixed together 紫的: * a purple flower, dress, sunset 紫色的花朵、 连衣裙、 晚霞 * go purple (in the face) with rage 气得脸色铁青. 2 (fml 文) (of literature) elaborate in style; overwritten （指文章）刻意雕琢的, 词藻华丽的: * purple passages/patches/prose 词藻华丽的段落[节段/散文]. 派生： purple n 1 [U] purple colour 紫色: dressed in purple 穿紫色衣服. 2 the purple [sing] the purple robes of a Roman emperor or the crimson robes of a cardinal （古罗马帝国皇帝的）紫袍; （红衣主教的）大红袍. purplish[5pE:pEliF; 5pEpliF] adj rather purple in colour 略带紫色的: * a purplish complexion 略微发紫的肤色. 复合： ,purple `heart 1 Purple Heart (US) medal awardedto a soldier who has been wounded in battle （授予作战负伤之军人的）紫心勋章. 2 (infml 口) heart-shaped pill containing amphetamine, used as a stimulant 紫心片（一种心形的含有苯丙胺的药片, 用作兴奋剂）.

purport
[5pE:pEt; 5pEpCrt] n [sing] ~ (of sth) (fml 文) general meaning or intention (of sth) 主要意义; 大意; 意图: * The purport of the statement is that the firm is bankrupt. 该项声明大意是该商行已破产. 派生： purport/pE'pC:t; pl'pCrt] v [Tt] (fml 文) be meant to seem (to be); claim or pretend 意思似乎是; 声称; 伪称: * The document purports to be an official statement. 该文件据称是一项正式声明.

purpose
[5pE:pEs; 5pEpEs] n 1 [C] thing that one intends to do, get, be, etc; intention 目的; 意图: * What is the purpose of the meeting? 这会议的目的是什麽? * What is your purpose in going to Canada? 你到加拿大干什麽去? * Getting rich seems to be her only purpose in life. 她生活的唯一目的似乎是发财. 2 [U] (fml 文) ability to form plans and carry them out; determination 意志; 毅力; 决心: * Her approach to the job lacks purpose. 她干这项工作缺乏毅力. 3 (idm 习语) for practical purposes => practical. on `purpose not by accident; intentionally 并非偶然地; 故意地: * `Did he break it accidentally?’ `No, on purpose.’ ‘他是无意中损坏的吗?’‘不, 是故意的.’ * She seems to do these things on purpose. 她似乎是有意地做这些事. serve one's/the `purpose (fml 文) do what is necessary or required: * be satisfactory 适合需要; 适合要求; 令人满意: * We have found a meeting-place that will serve our purpose. 我们找到了一个很合适的会址. to little/no/some `purpose (fml 文) with little/no/some result or effect 几乎徒劳地[毫无成效地/有一定效果地]: * Money has been invested in the scheme to very little purpose. 资金已投入那计画中却几无成效. 派生： purpose v [Tt, Tg] (dated 旧) intend 有意; 打算: They purpose making/to make a further attempt. 他们有意做进一步的尝试. purposeful[-fl; -fEl] adj having or showing determinationor will-power; resolute 有决心的; 有毅力的; 坚定的; 果 断的: * They dealt with the problem in a purposeful way. 他们处理这问题很果断. purposefully[-fEli; -fEli] adv: * He strode purposefully into the meeting. 他迈着坚定的步伐走进会场. purposeless adj without (a) purpose 毫无目的的; 缺乏毅力的; 没有决心的: a purposeless existence 毫无目的的生活. purposelessly adv. purposely adv on purpose; intentionally 故意地; 蓄意地: He was accused of purposely creating difficulties. 有人指责他故意制造麻烦.

purpose1
复合： ,purpose-`built adj (esp Brit) made for a particular purpose 特地建造的: a ,purpose-built `factory 特地兴建的工厂.

purr
[pE:(r); pE] v [I, Ipr] (a) (of a cat) make a low continuous vibrating sound （指猫）发低而连续的呼噜声: * purring happily 快活地呼噜作声. (b) (of machinery) make a similar smooth vibrating sound （指机器）发低沉而连续的呼隆声: * a car engine purring smoothly 汽车发动机平隐地呼隆作响. 派生： purr n purring sound （猫的）呼噜声; （机器的）呼隆声: the contented purrs of the cat 猫表示满足的呼噜声.

purse
1[pE:s; pEs] n 1 [C] small bag for money (formerlyclosed by drawing strings together and now usu with a clasp) 小钱袋, 小钱包（旧时用绳抽拢袋口, 现多用扣合起）: * a leather/plastic purse 皮的[塑料的]钱包 * Her purse was stolen from her handbag. 她的钱包放在手提包里被人偷走了. Cf 参看 wallet. 2 [sing] money available for spending; funds or resources 备用款; 资金; 财源: * the public purse 国库 * the privy Purse 国王私用金. 3 [C] sum of money collected and given as a gift or prize （为用作礼物或奖金而筹集的）款项: * a purse of 50000, eg for the winner of a boxing match 筹集得50000英镑的奖金（如为颁赠拳击赛获胜者）. 4 [C] (US) handbag 女用手提包. 5 (idm 习语) hold the `purse-strings have control of spending 控制开支: * I can't offer you any more money because I don't hold the purse-strings. 我不能再多给你钱了, 因为我在经济上做不了主. loosen/tighten the `purse-strings increase/reduce expenditure 增加[紧缩]开支.

purser
[5pE:sE(r); 5pEsl] n ship's officer responsible for the accounts, stores, passengers, etc （轮船上的）事务长.

pursuance
[pE'sju:Ens; - -'su:-; pl'suEns] n (idm 习语) in (the) pursuance of sth (fml 文) while performing sth; in the course of sth 在实行某事时; 在某过程中: * injuries suffered in the pursuance of one's duties 在执行任务时受的伤.

pursue
[pE'sju:; - -'su:; pl'su] v [Tn] (fml 文) 1 follow (sb/sth), esp in order to catch or kill; chase 追赶, 追逐（某人[某物]）; （尤指）追捕, 追杀; 追寻; 追求: * pursue a wild animal, one's prey, a thief 追捕野兽、 被捕食的动物、 窃贼 * The police pursued the stolen vehicle along the motorway. 警察在高速公路上追赶被盗的车辆. 2 (continue to) be occupied or busy with (sth); go on with （继续）从事或忙於（某事物）; 进行: * She decided to pursue her studies after obtaining her first degree. 她决定在获得学士学位之後继续深造. * I have decided not to pursue (ie investigate) the matter any further. 我决定不再追查那事. 派生： pursuer n person who pursues (pursue 1) 追赶者; 追捕者; 追击者: He managed to avoid his pursuers. 他设法甩掉了那些追捕者.

pursuit
[pE'sju:t; - -'su:t; pl'sut] n (fml 文) 1 [U] ~ of sth action of pursuing (pursue 2) sth 追求; 寻求; 从事; 进行: * The pursuit of profit was the main reason for the changes. 作出这些改变主要是为了追求利润. * She devoted her life to the pursuit of pleasure. 她一生都在寻求享乐. 2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] thing to which one gives one's time, energy, etc; occupation or activity 花时间、 精力等做的事; 职业: * artistic, literary, scientific pursuits 艺术的、 文学的、 科学的研究 * be engaged in/devote oneself to worthwhile pursuits 从事[献身於]有意义的活动. 3 (idm 习语) in pursuit (of sb/sth) with the aim of catching sb/sth 追捕某人[某物]: * thirty grown men in pursuit of a single fox 追猎一只狐狸的叁十名成年男子. in pursuit of sth with the aim of obtaining sth 追求某事物: * people travelling about the country in pursuit of work 到全国各地寻找工作的人们. in (hot) pur`suit pursuing (closely and with determination) 穷追不舍: * a fox with the hounds in hot pursuit 被猎犬穷追的狐狸.

purulent
[5pjuErElEnt; 5pjurElEnt] adj (medical 医) of, containing or discharging pus 脓的; 含脓的; 化脓的; 流脓的. > purulence[-Ens; -Ens] n [U].

purvey
[pE'vei; pl've] v [Tn, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) (fml 文) provide or supply (esp food, etc) to sb as atrader （商人）向某人提供或供应（尤指食品等）: * butcherswho have purveyed meat to the royal household for generations 世世代代向王室供应肉食品的肉商 * a bureau that purveys information about the stock market to potential investors 向可能投资的人提供股票市场信息的机构. 派生： purveyance[-Ens; -Ens] n [U]. purveyor n (fml 文) person or firm that supplies goods or services 供应货物或提供服务的人或公司: Brown and Son, purveyors of fine wines 布朗父子公司, 美酒供应商.

purview
[5pE:vju:; 5pEvju] n [U] (fml 文) range of operation or activity; scope （工作或活动的）范围: * These are questions that lie outside/that do not come within the purview of our inquiry. 这些问题不在我们的调查范围之内.

pus
[pQs; pQs] n [U] thick yellowish matter formed in and coming out from an infected wound 脓: * The doctor lanced the boil to let the pus out. 医生把皮下脓肿切开让脓流出.

push
1[puF; puF] n 1 [C] act of pushing; shove 推; 搡: * Give the door a hard push. 用力推那门. * He opened the gate with/at one push. 他一下子就把大门推开了. 2 [C] large-scale attack made to break through enemy positions 为突破敌人阵地而发起的大规模攻势: * The commander decided to postpone the big push until the spring. 指挥官决定把大规模的进攻推迟到春天进行. 3 [U] (infml 口) determination to succeed; drive 毅力; 推动力: * He hasn't enough push to be a successful salesman. 他缺乏优秀推销员应有的闯劲. 4 (idm 习语) at a `push (infml 口 esp Brit) if one is forced to do so 不得已时: * We can provide accommodation for six people at a push. 如情况需要, 我们可以安排六个人的住处. give sb/get the `push (esp Brit infml 口) (a) dismiss sb/be dismissed from one's job; give sb/get the sack 解雇某人[被解雇]; 开除某人[被开除]: * He got the push when the new manager came. 新经理到任後, 他被解雇了. (b) bring/have brought to an end one's relationship with sb 与某人断绝关系: * He gave his girl-friend the push. 他跟女朋友吹了. if/until/when it comes to the `push if/until/when a special effort is necessary or a special need arises 如[到/在]需作出特别努力或有特别需要时: * If it comes to the push, we shall have to use our savings. 遇有急用时, 我们只好动用积蓄. 复合： `push-start v [Tn] start (a motor vehicle) by pushing it along to make the engine turn 推车起动（机动车）. n: We'll have to give it a push-start, I'm afraid. 我看我们得用助推的办法起动这辆车了.

pushy
[5puFi; puFi] (-ier, -iest) (also pushing) adj (infml derog 口, 贬) trying constantly to draw attention to oneself and gain an advantage; self-assertive 爱出风头的; 爱讨便宜的; 坚持己见的: * He made himself unpopular by being so pushy. 他特别喜欢出风头, 所以人缘不好. > pushily[-ili; -ili] adv. pushiness n [U].

pusillanimous
[7pju:si'lnimEs; 7pjusl'AnEmEs] adj (fml derog 文, 贬) cowardly; timid 胆小的; 怯懦的. > pusillanimity[7pju:silE'nimEti; 7pjuslE'nimEti] n [U]. pusillanimously adv.

puss
[pus; pus] n 1 (word used to call a) cat 咪咪, 猫咪（呼唤用语）. 2 (infml 口) playful or coquettish girl 调皮的或卖俏的姑娘: * She's a sly puss. 她是个刁滑的姑娘. 派生： pussy[5pusi; 5pusi] n 1 (also `pussy-cat) (used by and to young children) cat （小儿语）猫咪. 2 ( sl 讳, 俚) female genitals; vulva ; 阴门. 复合： `pussyfoot v [I, Ip] ~ (about/around) (infml usu derog 口, 通常作贬义) act (too) cautiously or timidly （过於）谨慎或胆小地行事: Stop pussyfooting around and say what you mean. 别那麽缩手缩脚的, 说说你到底是什麽意思吧. `pussy willow willow tree with soft furry catkins 褪色柳.

pustule
[5pQstju:l; - -tFu:l; 5pQstFul] n (medical 医) pimple or blister, esp one containing pus 丘疹; 水秙; （尤指）脓秙.

put
[put; put] v (-tt-, pt, pp put) 1 (a) [Tn.pr, Tn.p] move (sth/sb), esp away from oneself, so that it/he is in the specified place or position 将（某物[某人]）置於某处所或位置; 放; 放置: * She put the book on the table. 她把书放在桌子上了. * `Where did you put the scissors?’ `I put them (back) in the drawer.’ ‘你把剪刀放在哪儿了?’‘我把它放（回）到抽屉里了.’ * Did you put sugar in my tea? 你在我的茶里加糖了吗? * He put his hands in his pockets. 他把双手插在口袋里. * She put her arm round his shoulders. 她的一只手臂搭在他的双肩上. * She put her hand to her mouth. 她用一只手捂住嘴. * You've put the picture too high up (on the wall). 你把这幅画挂得太高了. * The Americans put a man on the moon in 1969. 美国人於1969年把人送上了月球. * It's time to put the baby to bed. 该让那婴儿上床睡觉了. * Maradona put the ball in the net, ie scored a goal in a football match. 马拉多纳把球踢进了网内. (b) [Tn.pr] fit or fix (sth) to sth else 使（某物）与他物配合; 将（某物）固定於他物上: * Will you please put (ie sew) a patch on these trousers? 请你在这条裤子上缝个补丁好吗? * We must put a new lock on the front door. 我们得在前门上安一把新锁. (c) [Tn.pr] thrust (sth) in a specified direction 猛推（某物）; 使（某物）刺向...: * She put a knife between his ribs. 她举起一把刀子刺进了他的肋骨间. * He put his fist through a plate-glass door. 他挥拳打穿了一扇玻璃门. (d) [Tn.pr, Tn.p] write or mark (sth) on sth 在某物上书写或标上（某事物）: * put one's signature to a document 在文件上签字 * put a cross against sb's name 在某人的名字上打叉 * Put your name here. 把你的名字签在这里. 2 [Tn.pr] cause (sb/sth) to be in the specified state or condition 使（某人[某事物]）处於某状: * The incident put her in a bad mood. 这件事使她心情很不好. * Your decision puts me in an awkward position. 你的决定把我弄得很尴尬.

put1
* put10 /// * Don't put on that innocent look; we know you ate all the biscuits. 别装作没事的样子了, 我们知道你把饼乾都吃光了. * He seems very sincere, but it's all put on. 他看样子很诚恳, 但那都是假装的. put sth on sth (a) add (an amount of money) to the price or cost of sth 将某物提价（若干）: The government has put ten pence on the price of a gallon of petrol. 当局已将每加仑汽油涨价十便士. (b) impose or place (a tax, etc) on sth 对某事物徵收或确定（税等）: put a duty on wine 对酒徵税. (c) place (a bet) on sth 把（赌注）压在某事物上: I've put ￡10 on `Black Widow' in the 3.45 at Newmarket. 在纽马基特马场3时45分那场赛事中, 我在名叫‘黑寡妇’的马上压了10英镑. * I've never put money on a horse. 我从未赌过马. put sb on to sb/onto sb help sb to find, meet or see sb; put sb in touch with sb 帮助某人寻找、 会晤或晤见某人; 安排某人与某人接触: put sb onto a dentist, lawyer, plumber, etc 帮某人找牙医、 律师、 管子工等 * Could you put me on to a good accountant? 你能帮我找个好的会计师吗? (a) inform (the police, etc) where sb is, so he can be caught 向（警方等）提供某人的线索（以便追捕）: Detectives hunting the gang were put on to them by an anonymous telephone call. 缉捕歹徒的侦探接到向他们提供线索的匿名电话. put sb on to sth/onto sth inform sb of the existence of (sth interesting or advantageous); tell sb about sth 向某人提供（有趣或有利之事物）的信息; 将某事物告诉某人: `Who put you on to this restaurant? It's superb!’ `Friends put us on to it.’ ‘你是从谁那里知道有这家餐馆的? 这餐馆棒极了!’‘是朋友告诉我们的.’ put oneself `out (infml 口) do sth even though it is inconvenient for oneself 虽对自己不便而仍做某事: Please don't put yourself out on our account. 请你不要为了我们而难为你自己. * She's always ready to put herself out to help others. 她总是乐於舍己助人. put sb out (a) make sb unconscious

put11
(by striking him, with an anaesthetic, etc) 使某人失去知觉（予以打击、 使用麻醉剂等）: He put his opponent out in the fifth round. 他在第五个回合中将对手击昏. (b) cause inconvenience to sb 使某人感到不便: I hope our arriving late didn't put them out. 我希望我们迟到一事不致给他们带来麻烦. (c) upset or offend sb 使某人不安; 得罪某人: She was most put out by his rudeness. 她非常厌恶他行为粗鲁. * He looked rather put out. 他看来不太高兴. put sth out (a) take sth out of one's house and leave it, esp for sb to collect 将某物置於门外（尤指待人取走）: put out the dustbins, the empty milk bottles, etc 把垃圾箱、 空奶瓶等放到外面去 * Have you put the cat out yet? 你把猫赶出去了吗? (b) place sth where it will be noticed and used 把某物放在看得见用得着的地方: put out ashtrays, bowls of peanuts 摆出烟灰缸、 盛有花生的碗 * put out clean towels for a guest 为客人预备好乾净的毛巾. (c) (of a plant) sprout or display (leaves, buds, etc) （指植物）生长出（叶、 芽等）: The trees are beginning to put out shoots. 这些树正在发芽. (d) produce or generate sth 生产或产生某物: The plant puts out 500 new cars a week. 该厂每周生产500辆新汽车. (e) issue, publish or broadcast sth (usu for a particular purpose) 发布、 出版或广播某事物（通常为有某目的）: Police have put out a description of the man they wish to question. 警方公布了那男子的特徵, 希望找他问话. (f) cause sth to stop burning 使某物停止燃烧: Firemen soon put the fire out. 消防队员很快把火扑灭了. * put out a candle, cigarette, pipe 把蜡烛、 香烟、 烟斗熄灭. (g) switch sth off 关掉某物: put out the lamp, light, gas fire 关灯、 熄灯、 关掉煤气取暖器. (h) dislocate (a part of the body) 使（身体某部）脱位: She fell off her horse and put her shoulder out. 她从马上摔了下来, 肩关节脱臼了. (i) cause (a figure, result, calculation, etc) to be wrong 使（数字、 结果、 计算等）出错: The devaluation of the pound has put our estimates out by several thousands. 英镑一贬值使我们的估计数差了几千镑. put sth out (to sb) (a) give (a job, task, etc) to a worker or manufacturer who is not one's employee and will do the work in another place 把（工作、 活儿等）送出去请别人做: A lot of proof-reading is put out to freelancers. 校对工作有很多是请外人做的.

put12
* All repairs are done on the premises and not put out. 一切修理工作都在场址内进行, 不送到外面去做. (b) lend (money) to sb in order to get interest on it 贷（款）给某人: Banks are putting out more and more money to people buying their own homes. 银行向买房者放款越来越多了. put `out (to.../from...) (of a boat or its crew) move out to sea from a harbour, port, etc （指船只或全体船员）出海: put out to sea 出海 * We put out from Liverpool. 我们自利物浦起航. put oneself/sth over (to sb) => put oneself/sth across/over (to sb). put sth over on sb (infml 口) persuade sb to accept a claim, story, etc that is untrue or worthless 诱劝某人接受虚假的或无价值的事物: He's not the sort of man you can put one over on. 他可不是能用花言巧语打动的人. put13 /// * We've already been put to great inconvenience. 我们已很感不便. put sth to sb express, communicate or submit sth to sb 向某人表达、 传达或提交某事物: Your proposal will be put to the board of directors. 你的建议将呈交董事会. (a) ask sb (a question) 问某人（问题）: The audience are now invited to put questions to the speaker. 现在请听众向讲演者提问题. (b) ask sb to vote on (an issue, a proposal, etc) 请某人对（某问题、 提议等）进行表决: Let's put the resolution to the meeting. 咱们将此决议提请会议表决吧. * The question of strike action must be put to union members. 举行罢工这一问题须提请工会会员表决. put sth together construct or repair sth by fitting parts together; assemble sth 装配或修配某物; 把某物结合成一整体: put together a model aeroplane 装配模型飞机 * He took the machine to pieces and then put it together again. 他把机器拆开後又组装起来了. * (fig 比喻) put together an essay, a meal, a case for the defence 组织好一篇文章、 调配好一顿饭、 汇集起辩护理由. Cf 参看 put together (put1 6). put sth towards sth give (money) as a contribution to sth 凑（钱）做某事物: He puts half of his salary each month towards the skiing holiday he's planning. 他把每月工资的一半攒起来作计画中的滑雪度假之用. put up sth offer or present (resistance, a struggle, etc) in a battle, game, etc （在战斗、 比赛等中）进行（抵抗、 斗争等）: They surrendered without putting up much of a fight. 他们没怎麽抵抗就投降了. * The team put up a splendid performance, ie played very well. 这个队表现极佳. put sb up (a) provide food and accommodation for sb 向某人提供食宿: We can put you up for the night. 我们可以招待你过夜. (b) present sb as a candidate in an election 提名某人为候选人: The Green Party hopes to put up a number of candidates in the General Election. 绿党希望提出若干候选人参加大选. put sth up (a) raise or hoist sth 升起或举起某物: put up a flag 升旗

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* Put your hand up if you want to ask a question. 若要提问题就把手举起来. * She's put her hair up, ie She is wearing it coiled on top of her head. 她把头发挽在头上. (b) build or erect sth 建造或设立某物: put up a fence, memorial, shed, tent 起篱笆、 建立纪念碑、 搭起小棚、 支起帐篷 * Many ugly blocks of flats were put up in the 1960's. 许多难看的公寓式建 群都是六十年代建造的. (c) fix or fasten sth in a place where it will be seen; display sth 把某物固定或紧固於某处俾人注目; 展示某物: put up Christmas decorations, a notice, a poster 展出圣诞节装饰品、 发布通告、 张贴海报 * The team will be put up on the notice-board. 该队名单将张榜公布. (d) raise or increase sth 提高或增加某事物: My landlord's threatening to put the rent up by 10 a week. 我的房东要挟说要把每周租金提高10英镑. (e) provide or lend (money) 提供（资金）; 借给（款项）: A local businessman has put up the 500000 needed to save the football club. 当地的一位商人提供所需的500000英镑以助足球俱乐部度过难关. (f) present (an idea, etc) for discussion or consideration 提出（意见等）供讨论或考虑: put up an argument, a case, a proposal, etc 提出一论点、 事实、 建议等. put `up (at...) obtain food and lodging (at a place); stay （在某处）获得食宿安排; 暂住: They put up at an inn for the night. 他们在一家小客栈里过夜. put (oneself) up for sth offer oneself as a candidate for sth 自荐为某事物候选人; 参加竞选: She is putting (herself) up for election to the committee. 她参加委员竞选. put sb up (for sth) propose or nominate sb for a position 推荐或提名某人就任某职务: We want to put you up for club treasurer. 我们想请你担任俱乐部的司库. * To join the club you have to be put up by an existing member. 要加入俱乐部必须有一位会员做介绍人. put sb up to sth/doing sth (infml 口) urge or encourage sb to do sth mischievous or illegal 怂恿或唆使某人做坏事或干非法勾当: I can't believe he'd do a thing like that on his own. He must have been put up to it by some of the older boys. 我不相信他会主动干那种事, 一定是有些年龄大的男孩子叫他干的. put up with sb/sth tolerate or bear sb/sth 忍受或容忍某人[某事物]: I don't know how she puts up with him/his cruelty to her. 我不明白她怎麽能容忍他[忍受他的虐待].

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复合： `put-down n humiliating remark; snub 羞辱的言语; 怠慢. ,put-up `job (infml 口) scheme to cheat or deceive sb 骗局; 欺诈行为. `put-upon adj (of a person) badly treated; misused or exploited （指人）受到不良对待的, 受虐待的, 受剥削的: a much put-upon person 受尽虐待的人 * I'm beginningto feel just a little put-upon. 我开始感到有点受人利用了.

put2
* They really put you through it (ie ask you difficult questions, etc) at the interview. 他们在面试时提的问题的确够你受的. put to`gether (used after a n or ns referring to a group of people or things 用於名词之後, 指人或事物之群体) combined 加在一起; 汇总: * Your department spent more last year than all the other departments put together. 你们部门去年的花销比其他所有部门的加起来还多. (For other idioms containing put, see entries for ns, adjs, etc 查阅与put搭配的其他习语见有关名词、 形容词等的词条, 如 put one's foot in it => foot1; put sth right => right1.) 7 (phr v) put (sth) a`bout (nautical 海) (cause sth to) change direction （使某物）改变方向: The ship put slowly about. 那船慢慢改变了航向. * The captain put the ship about. 船长更改了船的航向. put sth about spread or circulate (false news, rumours, etc) 散布, 传播（假消息、 谣言等）: He's always putting about malicious rumours. 他老是散布别有用心的谣言. * It's being put about that the Prime Minister may resign. 有谣传说首相可能辞职. put sth above sth => put sth before/above sth. put sth across sb (infml 口) trick sb into accepting a claim, etc that is worthless or untrue 哄骗某人接受无谓的或虚假的说法等: Are you trying to put one across me? 你想蒙我吧? put oneself/sth a`cross/`over (to sb) communicate or convey (one's personality, an idea, etc) to sb 让某人认识（自己的个性）; 沟通或传达（思想等）: He doesn't know how to put himself across at interviews. 他不知道在面试时怎样把自己的意思讲清楚. * She's very good at putting her ideas across. 她非常善於表达思想. put sth a`side (a) place sth to one side 把某物放到一边: She put the newspaper aside and picked up a book. 她把报纸放下, 拿起了一本书. (b) save (a sum of money) to use later; reserve (an item) for a customer to collect later 储存（某钱数）以备他日之需; 为顾客保留（物品）: She's put aside a tidy sum for her retirement. 她存了一笔相当可观的钱以备退休之用.

put3
* We'll put the suit aside for you, Mr Parkinson. 帕金森先生, 我们暂时为你保留这套衣服. (c) disregard, ignore or forget sth 不顾、 忽视或不再想某事物: They decided to put aside their differences. 他们决定抛开彼此的分歧. put sth at sth calculate or estimate (the size, cost, etc of sth) to be (the specified weight, amount, etc) 计算, 估计（某物之大小、 价值等）: I would put his age at about sixty. 我估计他大概有六十岁. * `What would you put the price of this car at?’ `I'd put it at 15000.’ ‘你看这辆汽车值多少钱?’‘我看值15000英镑.’ put sb a`way (often passive 常用於被动语态) (infml 口) confine sb in a prison or mental hospital 把某人关进监狱或精神病院: He was put away for ten years for armed robbery. 他因持械抢劫而关押了十年. * She went a bit odd and had to be put away. 她有点不正常, 只好送进了疯人院. put sth a`way (a) put sth in a box, drawer, etc because one has finished using it （使用完毕）将某物收起或放入箱子、 抽屉等中: Put your toys away in the cupboard, when you've finished playing. 你把玩具玩儿完了以後放进柜子里去. * I'm just going to put the car away, ie in the garage. 我正要把车开进车库里去. (b) save (money) to use later 存（钱）以备他日之需: She's got a few thousand pounds put away for her retirement. 她已存了几千镑以备退休之用. (c) (infml 口) eat or drink (a large quantity of food or drink) 吃, 喝（大量食物或饮料）: He must have put away half a bottle of whisky last night. 昨晚他大概喝了半瓶威士忌酒. * I don't know how he manages to put it all away! 我真不知道他怎麽吃得这样多! put sth `back (a) return sth to its proper place; replace sth 把某物放回原处; 放回某物: Please put the dictionary back on the shelf when you've finished with it. 词典用完後请放回到书架上. (b) move (the hands of a clock) back to give the correct time 把（钟表指针）倒拨（校准）: My watch is fast; it needs putting back five minutes. 我的表快了, 需要拨回五分钟.

put4
(c) move sth to a later time or date; postpone sth 使某事物延期或延迟; 推迟某事物: This afternoon's meeting has been put back to next week. 今天下午的会议已延至下星期举行. (d) cause sth to be delayed 使某事物延误: The lorry drivers' strike has put back our deliveries by over a month. 因卡车司机罢工, 我们的交货日期延误了一个多月. (e) (infml 口) drink (a large quantity of alcohol) （大量地）喝（酒）: By midnight he had put back nearly two bottles of wine. 到半夜时分他已喝了近两瓶酒. put sth before/above sth treat or regard sth as more important than sth else 把某事物看得比其他事物重要:He puts his children's welfare before all other considerations.他把子女的幸福看得比什麽都重要. put sth `by save (money) to use in the future 存（钱）以备未来之需: She has a fair amount of money put by. 她存了不少钱. put (sth) `down (of an aeroplane or its pilot) land; land (an aeroplane, etc) （指飞机或飞行员）着陆; 将（飞机等）降落: He put (the glider) down in a field. 他（把滑翔机）降落在田地里了. put sb down (a) (of a bus, coach, etc) allow sb to get off （指公共汽车、 长途汽车等）让某人下车: The bus stopped to put down some passengers. 公共汽车停下来让一些旅客下车. (b) (infml 口) humiliate or snub sb 羞辱或怠慢某人: He's always putting his wife down in public. 他老是当众羞辱妻子. put sth down (a) place sth on a table, shelf, etc; set down sth that is dangerous or a nuisance to others 把某物放到桌子、 架子等上; 把对别人有危险或有妨碍之某物放下: Put down that knife before you hurt somebody! 把那刀子放下, 以免伤人! * I can't put this novel down, ie because I am enjoying it so much. 这本小说我实在撂不下（因为我读上了瘾）. (b) place sth in storage; place (wine) in a cellar to mature 把某物储藏起来; 窖（酒）: I put down a couple of cases of claret last year. 去年我把几箱红葡萄酒放进地窖使之香醇.

put5
(c) write sth down; make a note of sth 把某事物写下来; 记下某事物: I'm having a party next Saturday; put it down in your diary so you don't forget. 本星期六我有个聚会; 把这事记在你的日记里吧, 以免忘了. (d) stop, suppress or abolish sth by force or authority 使用力量或权威禁止、 压制或废止某事物: put down a rebellion, a revolt, an uprising, etc 镇压叛乱、 反叛、 起义等 * The military junta is determined to put down all political opposition. 这个军人集团决心镇压政治上的一切反对派. (e) (often passive 常用於被动语态) kill (an animal) because it is old or sick; destroy sth 宰杀（衰老或有病的动物）; 破坏某事物: The horse broke a leg in the fall and had to be put down. 这马跌断了一条腿, 不得不杀掉. * Our cat was getting so old and sick that we had her put down. 我们的老猫病成这个样子, 该把它杀掉了. (f) (esp in Parliament) include sth on the agenda for a meeting or debate （尤指议会中）将某事列入议程, 将某事提交会议辩论: The Opposition plan to put down a censure motion on the Government's handling of the affair. 反对党拟将谴责政府处理该事的动议提交议会辩论. put sb down as sb consider sb to be (the specified type of person); take sb to be sb 认为某人是（某种类型的人）; 把某人当作某种人: I put him down as a retired naval officer. 我看他是个退役的海军军官. put sb down for sth (a) write down that sb is willing or wishes to buy or contribute sth 登记某人预购或认捐某物: Put me down for three tickets for Saturday's performance. 给我登记购买叁张星期六的演出票. (b) put (sb's name) on the waiting-list for admission to a private school 为（某人）预约报名（进入私立学校）: They've put their son down for Eton. 他们已为儿子预约报名入伊顿公学. put sth down to sth (a) charge (an amount or item) to a particular account 把（数额或项目）记在某帐户上: Would you put these shoes down to my account, please? put6 /// (b) consider that sth is caused by sth; attribute sth to sth 认为某事物系由另事物所引起; 把某事物归因於另事物: What do you put her success down to? 你认为她成功的原因是什麽? * I put it all down to her hard work and initiative. 我把这一切归因於她工作又勤奋又主动. put sth forth (fml 文) (of trees and plants) send out or produce (buds, shoots, etc) （指花草树木）长出（花蕾）或发（芽等）: Spring has come and the hedges are putting forth new leaves. 春天到了, 树篱长出了新叶子. put oneself/sb forward present oneself or propose or recommend sb as a candidate for a job, position, etc 自荐或提名或推荐某人为某职务、 职位等的候选人: Two left-wingers have been put forward for the Labour Party's National Executive. 两名左翼成员被提名为工党全国执行委员会的委员. * Can I put you/your name forward for golf club secretary? 我推荐你[提名让你]担任高尔夫球俱乐部的秘书好吗? put sth forward (a) move (the hands of a clock) forward to give the correct time 把（钟表指针）顺拨（校准）: Put your watch forward; you're five minutes slow. 把你的表往前拨拨; 你的表慢了五分钟. (b) move sth to an earlier time or date 将某事物提前: We've put forward (the date of) our wedding by one week. 我们将婚礼（日期）提前了一周. (c) advance, propose or suggest sth for discussion 提出某事供讨论; 提请审议某事: put forward an argument, a plan, a suggestion, etc 提出一论据、 一计画、 一建议等 * She is putting forward radical proposals for electoral reform. 她为选举制度的改革提出极为激进的建议. put `in interrupt another speaker in order to say sth; interject 插话; 插嘴: `But what about us?’ he put in. ‘可是我们怎麽办呢?’他插嘴问道. put sb in (a) give duties to sb (eg in an office building) 指派某人担任职务（如在办公楼内）: put in a caretaker, a security man, etc 指派管理员、 保安员等. (b) elect (a political party) to govern a country 选举（某政党）执掌政权: The electorate put the Tories in with an increased majority in 1983. 1983年选民选举保守党执政, 其票数超过了上届的多数票.

put7
(c) (of the team that wins the toss in cricket) ask (the opposing team) to bat first （指板球戏於掷钱币中获胜的队）请（对方）首先击球: Australia won the toss and put England in (to bat). 澳大利亚队於掷币中获胜, 要求英格兰队首先击球. put sth in (a) install or fit sth 安装或设置某物: We put new central heating in when we moved here. 我们搬到这儿的时候安装了集中供暖设备. * We're having a new shower put in. 我们正在安装新的淋浴器. (b) include or insert sth in a story, narrative, etc （在故事、 叙述等中）包括或插入某事物: If you're writing to your mother, don't forget to put in something about her coming to stay. 你要是正在给你母亲写信, 可别忘了加上几句请她来住上几天. (c) present sth formally; submit sth 正式提出某事物; 呈交某事物: put in a claim for damages, higher wages 提出赔偿损失、 提高工资的要求. (d) manage to strike (a blow) or say sth 给予（打击）; 说某话: Tyson put in some telling blows to Tucker's chin. 泰森重击了塔克的下颚几拳. * Could I put in a word (ie say sth) at this point? 我现在说几句行吗? (e) spend (a period of time) working at sth 花费（一段时间）做某事物: She often puts in twelve hours' work a day. 她常常一天工作十二小时. * I must put in an hour's gardening this evening. 今晚我得用一个小时干些园艺活儿. put sth in; put sth into sth/doing sth devote (time, effort, etc) to sth 用（时间、 精力等）做某事: Thank you for all the hard work you've put in. 谢谢你的这一切努力. * We've put a great deal of time and effort into this project. 我们为这一项目付出了大量的时间和精力. * She's putting a lot of work into improving her French. 她正在下功夫进修法语. put in (at...)[putinto... (of a ship, its crew, etc) enter (a port or harbour)（指船、 全体船员等）进入（港口）: The boat put in at Lagos/put into Lagos for repairs. 那船进了拉各斯港进行检修. put in for sth apply formally for sth 申请某事物: Are you going to put in for that job? 你打算申请那份工作吗? put oneself/sb/sth in for sth enter oneself/sb/sth for (a competition) 使自己[某人/某物]参加（竞赛）: She's put herself in for the 100 metres and the long jump. 她参加了百米赛跑和跳远. put sb in for sth recommend sb for (a job, an award, etc) 推荐某人获（职位、 奖励等）: The commanding officer put Sergeant Williams in for a medal for bravery. 指挥官推荐威廉斯中士获勇敢勋章.

put8
put `off (of a boat, its crew, etc) move away from a pier, jetty, etc （指船、 全体船员等）驶离码头等: We put off from the quay. 我们驶离了码头. put sb off (a) (of a vehicle, boat, etc) stop in order to allow sb to get off （指车船等）停住让某人下去: I asked the bus driver to put me off near the town centre. 我请公共汽车司机在快到市中心时让我下车. (b) postpone or cancel a meeting or an engagement with sb 推迟或取消会议或与某人的约会: We've invited friends to supper and it's too late to put them off now, ie to tell them not to come. 我们已邀请朋友来吃晚饭, 现在取消已来不及了. * She put him off with the excuse that (ie said that she could not see him because) she had too much work to do. 她以工作太忙为藉口取消了跟他的约会. (c) make sb feel dislike; displease, repel or disgust sb 使某人不高兴; 惹某人不悦、 厌恶或反感: He's a good salesman, but his offhand manner does tend to put people off. 他是个很好的推销员, 可是他那随便的态度容易使人产生反感. * Don't beput off by his gruff exterior; he's really very kind underneath.别介意他表现粗野, 其实他心地很善良. put sb off (sth) disturb sb who is doing sth; distract sb 打搅某人; 使某人注意力不集中: Don't put me off when I'm trying to concentrate. 我正要集中注意力呢, 别打搅我. * The sudden noise put her off her game. 突如其来的嘈杂声分散了她比赛时的注意力. put sb off sth/doing sth cause sb to lose his interest in or liking or appetite for sth 使某人对某事物失去兴趣、 不再喜欢或倒了胃口: The accident put her off driving for life. 这次事故使她一辈子不愿意再开车了. * She was put off maths by a bullying and incompetent teacher. 她对数学失去了兴趣, 因为老师仗势欺人又没教学能力. put sth off switch sth off 关掉某物: Could you put the lights off before you leave? 你走的时候把灯关掉好吗? put sth off; put off doing sth postpone, delay or defer sth 推迟、 延缓或拖延某事物: We've had to put our wedding off until September. 我们得把婚礼延期到九月举行.

put9
* This afternoon's meeting will have to be put off. 今天下午的会议得延期. * She keeps putting off going to the dentist. 她老是拖延着不去看牙病. put it `on (esp in the continuous tenses 尤用於进行时态) pretend to be angry, sad, remorseful, etc 假装生气、 伤心、 悔恨等: She wasn't angry really; she was only putting it on. 她不是真的生气, 只不过故作姿态而已. put sth on (a) clothe oneself with (a garment) 穿上（衣服）: put on one's coat, gloves, hat, skirt, trousers, etc 穿上外套、 戴上手套、 戴上帽子、 穿上裙子、 穿上裤子 * What dress shall I put on for the party? 我穿什麽衣服去参加聚会呢? (b) apply sth to one's skin 在皮肤上涂某物: put on lipstick, hand-cream, etc 涂唇膏、 擦润手油脂 * She's just putting on her make-up. 她正在化篤. (c) switch sth on; operate sth 打开开关启动某物; 操作某物: put on the light, oven, radio, television, etc 打开灯、 烤箱、 收音机、 电视机等 * Let's put the kettle on and have a cup of tea. 咱们坐壶水沏杯茶吧. * She put on the brakes suddenly. 她突然刹住了车. (d) make sth begin to play 使（视听设备）开始播放: put on a record, tape, compact disc, etc 放唱片、 磁带、 激光唱片等 * Do you mind if I put some music on? 我放放音乐你不介意吧? (e) grow fatter or heavier (by the specified amount) 长胖或增加若干体重: put on a stone in weight 增加一揭石的重量 * How many pounds did you put on over Christmas? 你过完圣诞节後体重增加了多少磅? (f) add (a train, coach, etc) to an existing service 增加（运营的火车、 长途汽车等）: British Rail are putting on extra trains during the holiday period. 英国铁路公司於假期里额外增加火车投入运营. (g) produce or present (a play, an exhibition,etc) 演出（戏剧）; 举办（展览等）: The local drama group are putting on `Macbeth' at the Playhouse. 当地的剧团正在普赖豪斯剧院演出《麦克佩斯》. (h) move (the hands of a clock) forward to show a later time 把（钟表指针）向前拨. (i) pretend to have sth; assume or adopt sth 装作有某事物; 假装或采纳某事物: put on a silly face, a Liverpool accent, a wounded expression 装傻的面容、 假操利物浦的口音、 扮出受伤的样子

putative
[5pju:tEtiv; 5pjutEtiv] adj [attrib 作定语] (fml 文) generally supposed to be; reputed 公认的; 普遍认为的: * his putative father 公认是他父亲的那个人.

putrefy
[5pju:trifai; 5pjutrE7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) [I, Tn] (cause sth to) rot or decay; become or make putrid （使某物）腐烂, 腐败, 腐坏, 变质. 派生： putrefaction[7pju:tri5fAkFn; 7pjutrE'fAkFEn] n [U] 1 (process of) putrefying 腐烂; 腐败; 腐坏; 变质. 2 rotting matter 腐败之物.

putrescent
[pju:'tresnt; pju'tresnt] adj (fml 文) (a) inthe process of rotting 正在腐烂的; 正在变质的: * a putrescentcorpse 腐烂的 体. (b) of or accompanying this process 腐烂的; 因腐烂而产生的: * a putrescent smell 腐臭味. > putrescence[-sns; -sns] n [U].

putrid
[5pju:trid; 5pjutrid] adj 1 (a) (esp of animal or vegetable matter) that has become rotten; decomposed （尤指动物或蔬菜之机体）腐烂的, 腐败的. (b) (rotting and therefore) foul-smelling; noxious （因腐烂）发臭的, 有害的, 有毒的: * a pile of rotten, putrid fish 一堆腐烂、 发臭的鱼 * the putrid smell of rotting fish 腐烂的鱼发出的臭味. 2 (infml 口) very distasteful or unpleasant or of poor quality 令人厌恶的; 使人不愉快的; 不好的: * putrid weather 很坏的天气 * Why did you paint the room that putrid colour? 你怎麽把房间刷成那麽难看的颜色?

putsch
[putF; putF] n attempt to overthrow a governmentby force; political revolution 以武力推翻政府的企图; 武装起义; 造反; 政治革命.

putt
[pQt; pQt] v [I, Tn] (in golf) hit (the ball) with a light stroke so that it rolls across the ground into or nearer to the hole, usu from a position on the green2(5) （高尔夫球）轻击（球）: * You need to practise putting (the ball). 你需要练习轻击（球）. 派生： putt n putting stroke （高尔夫球）轻击: She took three putts (ie to get the ball into the hole) from the edge of the green. 她从球穴区的边缘轻击叁次（以图将球打入穴中）. putter n 1 golf club used for putting （高尔夫球的）轻击球棒. 2 person who putts 轻击高尔夫球者. 复合： `putting-green n area of smooth closely-cut grassfor putting on, esp one with several holes like a miniaturegolf course （高尔夫球的）轻击区; （尤指）如小型高尔夫球场有几个洞孔之处.

puttee
[5pQti; 5pQti] n (esp pl 尤作复数) long narrow strip of cloth that is wound round the leg from the ankle to the knee for protection and support, esp as part of an army uniform 绑腿, 裹腿（尤指军人的）.

putter
(US) = potter1.

putty
[5pQti; 5pQti] n 1 [U] soft paste, a mixture of chalk powder and linseed oil, which is used for fixing glass in window frames, etc and becomes hard when it has set 油灰; 泥子; 腻子. 2 (idm 习语) (be) putty in sb's `hands (be) easily influenced or controlled by sb 易受某人影响或操纵: * She was a woman of such beauty and charm that men were putty in her hands. 她美艳绝伦, 男人在她手心任其摆布. 派生： putty v (pt, pp puttied) 1 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) fill (a hole, gap etc) with putty 用油灰填塞（洞孔、 缝隙等）. 2 (phr v) putty sth in fix sth in place with putty 用油灰把某物固定住: putty a pane of glass in 用油灰镶玻璃.

puzzle
[5pQzl; 5pQzl] n 1 [C usu sing 通常作单数] questionthat is difficult to understand or answer; mystery 难题; 谜一般的事物: * Their reason for doing it is still a puzzle to me. 他们为什麽要做此事我仍莫名其妙. 2 [C] (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) problem or toy that is designed to test a person's knowledge, ingenuity, skill, etc 用以测验人的知识、 智力、 技巧等的问题或玩具; 谜: * crossword puzzles 纵横字谜 * a jigsaw puzzle 拼图玩具 * find the answer to/solve a puzzle 找到谜底[解开一个谜] * set a puzzle for sb/set sb a puzzle 出个谜叫某人猜. 派生： puzzle v 1 [Tn] make (sb) think hard; perplex 让（某人）动脑筋; 使困惑: Her reply puzzled me. 她的回答把我弄糊涂了. * I am puzzled by his failure to reply/that he hasn't replied to my letter. 他不给我回信使我百思不解. * He puzzled his brains (ie thought hard) to find the answer. 他绞尽脑汁以寻求答案. * The sudden fall in the value of the dollar has puzzled financial experts. 美元突然贬值, 财经专家无不大伤脑筋. * They are puzzled (about) what to do next/how to react. 他们不知道下一步怎麽办[如何作出反应]. 2 [Ipr] ~ over sth think deeply about sth in order to understand it 对某事物苦苦思索（以便理解）: She's been puzzling over his strange letter for weeks. 她几个星期也琢磨不透他那封奇怪的来信. 3 [Tn.p] ~ sth out (try to) find the answer or solution to sth by thinking hard 开动脑筋（试图）找出某事物的答案或解决方法: The teacher left the children to puzzle out the answer to the problem themselves. 老师让学生动脑筋自行寻找问题的答案. puzzled adj unable to understand; perplexed or confused 无法了解的; 困惑的; 茫然的: She listened with a puzzled expression on her face. 她脸上带着困惑的表情在倾听着. puzzler[5pQzlE(r); 5pQzll] n (infml 口) person or thing that puzzles 使人困惑的人或事物: * That question is a real puzzler! 那个问题真难! puzzlement[5pQzlmEnt; 5pQzlmEnt]

puzzle1
n [U] (state of) being puzzled; bewilderment 困惑; 大惑不解: * He stared at the words in complete puzzlement. 他注视着那些语句, 茫然不解. puzzling[5pQzliN; 5pQzliN] adj: * a puzzling statement, affair, attitude 令人费解的说法、 事情、 态度.

PVC
[7pi: vi: 'si:; 7pi vi 'si] abbr 缩写 = polyvinyl chloride (a type of plastic) 聚氯乙烯（一种塑料）: * The seat covers were (made of) PVC. 座椅的外罩是聚氯乙烯（做）的.

Pvt
abbr 缩写 (US) Pte.

PW
[7pi: 'dQblju:; 7pi 'dQblju] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Policewoman: * PW (Christine) Bell 女警察（克里斯廷．）贝尔. Cf 参看 WPC.

PX
[7pi: 'eks; 7pi 'eks] abbr 缩写 = (US) Post Exchange 军人消费合作社. Cf 参看 NAAFI.

pygmy
(also pigmy)[5pigmi; 5pigmi] n 1 Pygmy member of a tribal group of very short people living in equatorial Africa 俾格米人（赤道非洲部族的人, 属矮小人种）. 2 very small person or species of animal; dwarf 矮小的人或动物种类; 矮子; 侏儒: * [attrib 作定语] the pygmy shrew 小 .

pyjamas
(also esp US pajamas)[pE'dVa:mEz; --'dVAm-; pE'dVAmEz] n [pl] 1 loose-fitting jacket and trousers worn for sleeping in, esp by men 睡衣裤（尤指男人的）: * a pair of pyjamas 一套睡衣 * He was wearing striped pyjamas. 他穿着带条纹的睡衣裤. 2 loose trousers tied round the waist, worn by Muslims of both sexes in India and Pakistan （印度和巴基斯坦穆斯林男女穿的）肥大的裤子. 3 (idm 习语) be the cat'swhiskers/pyjamas => cat1. > pyjama (US pajama)adj [attrib 作定语]: * pyjama bottom(s)[top/trousers/jacket 睡衣下身[上身/裤子/上衣].

pylon
[5pailEn; - 'pailCn; 5pailan] n 1 tall steel framework used for carrying overhead high-voltage electric cables 电缆塔. 2 tall tower or post that marks a path for aircraft landing （机场的）标塔, 标 .

pyorrhoea
(also esp US pyorrhea)[7paiE'riE; 7paiE'riE] n [U] diseased condition of the gums that causes them to shrink and the teeth to become loose 齿槽脓溢.

pyramid
[5pirEmid; 5pirEmid] n 1 structure with a flat square or triangular base and sloping sides that meet in a point at the top, esp one of those built of stone by the ancient Egyptians as tombs 金字塔（尤指古埃及的）. 2 (esp in geometry) solid figure of this shape with a base of three or more sides （尤指几何学中的）锥体. =>illus at cube 见cube插图. 3 thing or pile of things that has the shape of a pyramid 金字塔形之物或一堆东西: * a pyramid of tins in a shop window 商店橱窗中摆成金字塔形的罐头. 派生： pyramidal/pi'rAmidl; pi'rAmEdl] adj having the shape of a pyramid 金字塔形的; 锥体形的. 复合： pyramid `selling (commerce 商) method of selling goods in which a distributor pays a premium for the right to sell a company's goods and then sells part of that right to other distributors 金字塔式销售（商品销售方法, 一经销商购得经销权後将部分转售给其他经销商）.

pyre
[5paiE(r); pair] n large pile of wood, etc for burning a dead body as part of a funeral ceremony （火葬用的）大堆供燃烧之木材等.

Pyrex
[5paireks; 5paireks] n [U] (propr 专利名) type of heat-resistant glass used esp for cooking and serving food in 耐热玻璃（尤用於制造烹炊具）: * [attrib 作定语] a Pyrex dish 耐热玻璃盘子.

pyrites
[pai'raiti:z; - pi'raiti:z; pE'raitiz] n [U] mineral that is a sulphide of iron (iron pyrites) or copper and iron (copper pyrites) 硫化矿类（黄铁矿或黄铜矿）.

pyromania
[7pairEu'meiniE; 7pairo'meniE] n [U] illness that causes an uncontrollable desire to start fires 放火狂; 纵火狂. 派生： pyromaniac[-niAk; -niAk] n person who suffers from pyromania 放火狂者; 纵火狂者.

pyrotechnics
[7pairE'tekniks; 7pairE'tekniks] n 1 [sing v] art of making fireworks 烟火制造术. 2 [pl] (fml 文) public display of fireworks as an entertainment 烟火的施放; 放烟火; 放烟花. 3 [pl] (fig sometimes derog 比喻, 有时作贬义) brilliant display of skill, eg by an orator, a musician, etc 技艺（如口才、 演奏技巧等）的出色表现; 炫耀技巧. > pyrotechnic adj [usu attrib 通常作定语].

Pyrrhic victory
[7pirik 'viktEri; 7pirik 'viktEri] victory that was not worth winning because the winner has lost so much in winning it 得不偿失的胜利.

python
[5paiWn; - 'paiWCn; 5paiWan] n large snake that crushes and kills its prey by twisting itself round it 巨蛇; 蟒蛇; 蚺蛇.

pyx
[piks; piks] n (in the Christian Church) container in which bread that has been consecrated for Holy Communion is kept （基督教）圣饼盒.

Q, q
[kju:; kju] n (pl Q's, q's/kju:z; kjuz] ) 1 the seventeenth letter of the English alphabet 英语字母表中的第十七个字母: * `Queen' starts with (a) Q/`Q'. Queen字以Q字母开始. 2 (idm 习语) mind one's p's and q's => mind2.

QB
[7kju: 'bi:; 7kju 'bi] abbr 缩写 = (Brit law 律) Queen's Bench. Cf 参看 KB.

QC
[7kju: 'si:; 7kju 'si] abbr 缩写 = (Brit law 律) Queen's Counsel: * Mr Justice Norman QC 王室法律顾问诺曼法官. Cf 参看 KC.

QE2
[7kju: i: 'tu:; 7kju i 'tu] abbr 缩写 = Queen Elizabeth the Second (a cruise liner) ‘伊丽莎白女王’2号（邮船）: * a holiday on the QE2 乘‘伊丽莎白女王’2号邮船度假.

QED
[7kju: i: 'di:; 7kju i 'di] abbr 缩写 = which was to be proved (Latin quod erat demonstrandum) 证明完毕（源自拉丁文quod erat demonstrandum）.

qr
abbr 缩写 = quarter(s).

qt
abbr 缩写 = quart(s).

qto
(also 4to) abbr 缩写 = quarto.

qty
abbr 缩写 = (commerce 商) (esp on order forms) quantity （尤用於订货单）.

qua
[kwei; kwe] prep (fml 文) in the capacity or characterof (sb/sth); as 以（某人[某事物]）的身分或特性; 作为: * I don't dislike sport qua sport I just think it's rather a waste of time. 我倒不是不喜欢运动本身--而是觉得有些浪费时间.

quack
1[kwAk; kwAk] interj, n harsh sound made by a duck （鸭叫的）嘎嘎声. 派生： quack v [I] make the sound of a duck 作鸭叫. 复合： `quack-quack n (used by and to small children 儿语) duck 鸭鸭; 鸭子.

quad
[kwCd; kwad] n (infml 口) 1 =quadrangle 2.2 = quadruplet.

quadr(i)-
comb form 构词成分 1 having four parts 有四部分的: quadrilateral * quadruped. 2 being one of four parts 四部分之一的: quadrant * quadruplet.

Quadragesima
[7kwCdrE'dVesimE; 7kwadrE'dVesimE] n the first Sunday in Lent 大斋期的第一个星期日.

quadrangle
[5kwCdrANgl; 5kwadrANgl] n 1 plane figurewith four sides, esp a square or rectangle 四边形; （尤指）正方形, 长方形. 2 (fml 文) four-sided courtyard surrounded by large buildings, eg in an Oxford college （四周由大型建 物围绕的）方形庭院（如於牛津大学学院的）. 派生： quadrangular/kwC'drANgjulE(r); kwad'rANgjull] adj having four sides 有四边的; 四边形的.

quadrant
[5kwCdrEnt; 5kwadrEnt] n 1 quarter of a circle or of its circumference 圆的或圆周的四分之一; 象限. =>illus at circle 见circle插图. 2 instrument with an arc of 90 marked off in degrees, for measuring angles 象限仪; 四分仪.

quadraphonic
(also quadrophonic)[7kwCdrE'fCnik;7kwadrE'fanik] adj (of sound-reproduction) using four transmission channels （指录音放音）四声道的. 派生： quadraphony (also quadrophony)[kwC'drCfEni; kwa'drafEni] n [U] system for recording and reproducing sound in this way 四声道录音放音系统或设备.

quadratic equation
[kwC7drAtik i'kweiVn; kwad'rAtiki'kweVEn] (algebra 代数) equation that uses the square (and no higher power) of an unknown quantity, egx2 + 2x 8 = 0 二次方程式（如x2 + 2x 8 = 0）.

quadrennial
[kwC'dreniEl; kwa'dreniEl] adj 1 lasting for four years 持续四年的. 2 happening every fourthyear 每四年一次的.

quadrilateral
[7kwCdri5lAtErEl; 7kwadrE'lAtErEl] n, adj (plane figure) with four sides 四边形（的）.

quadrille
[kwE'dril; kwE'dril] n (music for a) square dance for four couples 四对方舞（曲）: * play/dance a quadrille 演奏四对方舞曲[跳四对方舞].

quadrillion
[kwC'driliEn; kwad'riljEn] pron, det, n(pl unchanged or ~s 复数或不变或作 quadrillions) (after a or one, a number, or an indication of quantity 用於a或one之後或用於数目或表示数量的词语之後) 1 (Brit) number shown by 1 followed by 24 zeros; one million to the power of 4 *1後有24个0的数; 一百万的4次幂. 2 (US) number shown by 1 followed by 15 zeros; one thousand to the power of 5 *1後有15个0的数; 一千的5次幂.

quadrophonic, quadrophony
=> quadraphonic.

quadruped
[5kwCdruped; 5kwadrE7ped] n four-footed animal 四足动物.

quadruple
[5kwCdrupl; - kwC'dru:pl; kwad'rupl] adj consisting of four parts, individuals or groups 由四个部分、 四个个体或四个群体组成的: * a tune in quadruple time 四拍的曲调 * a quadruple alliance 四方联盟. 派生： quadruple n, adv (number or amount) four timesas great as (sth) 四倍; 四倍的数或量: 20 is the quadruple of 5. 20是5的四倍. * We need quadruple the number of players we've got for a full orchestra. 我们要组成完整的管弦乐队需要有四倍於现有的演奏人员. quadruple/kwC'dru:pl; kwad'rupl] v [I, Tn] become multiplied or multiply (sth) by four 变成四倍; 以四乘（某数）: * Their profits have quadrupled/They have quadrupled their profits in ten years. 他们的利润十年中增长至四倍[他们使利润在十年中增长至四倍].

quadruplet
[5kwCdru:plet; - kwC'dru:p-; kwad'ruplit] (also infml 口语作 quad) n (usu pl 通常作复数) one of four children born to the same mother at one birth 四胞胎中的一个孩子.

quadruplicate
[kwC'dru:plikEt; kwad'ruplikit] n (idm习语) in quadruplicate in four exactly similar examples or copies 一式四份: * Please submit your application form in quadruplicate. 请交申请表一式四份.

quaff
[kwCf; - kwAf; kwAf] v [Tn] (dated or rhet 旧或修辞) drink (sth) by swallowing large amounts at a time, not taking small sips 大口地喝（某物）: * quaffing his beer by the pint （他）论品脱地大喝啤酒.

quagmire
[5kwAgmaiE(r), also kwCg-; 5kwAg7mair, kwag-] n area of soft wet ground; bog or marsh 泥沼; 泥塘; 沼泽: * (fig 比喻) The heavy rain had turned the pitch into a quagmire. 大雨滂沱, 球场变成了泥沼.

quail
1[kweil; kwel] n (pl unchanged or ~s 复数或不变或作 quails) (a) [C] small bird, similar to a partridge 鹌鹑. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page v. (b) [U] its meat as food （食用的）鹌鹑肉.

quaint
[kweint; kwent] adj attractively odd or old-fashioned 离奇有趣的; 古色古香的: * quaint old customs 稀奇古怪的旧风俗 * quaint little cottages on the village green 在村中草地上的古 的小房子. > quaintly adv. quaintness n [U].

quake
[kweik; kwek] v [I] 1 (of the earth) shake （指地）震动, 颤动: * They felt the ground quake as the bomb exploded. 炸弹爆炸时, 他们觉得地都震动了. 2 (of persons) tremble （指人）颤抖, 哆嗦: * quaking with fear/cold 因恐惧[寒冷]而颤抖. > quake n (infml 口) =earthquake.

Quaker
[5kweikE(r); 5kwekl] n member of the Society of Friends, a religious sect that worships Christ without any formal ceremony or stated creed and is strongly opposed to violence and war 公谊会教徒, 贵格会教徒, 教友会教徒（基督教的教派, 既无任何正式仪式又无固定教义, 其信条为强烈反对暴力与战争）.

qualification
[7kwClifi'keiFn; 7kwalEfE'keFEn] n 1 [U] qualifying or becoming qualified 赋予资格; 获得资格. 2 [C] (a) training, examination or experience that qualifies (qualify 1) sb for work, further training, etc 资格; 资历. (b) degree, diploma, certificate, etc awarded for this （获得的）学位, 文凭, 证书, 执照等: * What sort of qualifications do you need for the job? 做这项工作需要什麽资格? * He's got all the right qualifications but is temperamentally unsuitable. 他具备所需要的一切合格证件, 惟独性情不适合. 3 [C, U] statement that modifies or restricts a previous statement （对前述言语或文字的）限定条件: * She gave her approval to the scheme but not without several qualifications. 她批准了这项计画,但附加了几项意见. * I can recommend him without qualification. 我可以毫无保留地推荐他.

qualify
[5kwClifai; 5kwalE7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.n/a, Cn.t] ~ (sb) (for/as sth) have or give (sb) the qualities, training, etc that are necessary or suitable (for sth) （使）（某人）具有资格; 给（某人）某种资格; （使）合格: * I won't qualify until next year. 我明年才具备资格. * Our team has qualified for the semi-final. 我队已有资格进入半决赛. * A stroll round the garden hardly qualifies as exercise! 在花园转转算不上锻炼! * The training course qualifies you to be/as a driving instructor. 参加了训练课程就有资格成为[当]驾驶教练. 2 [I, Ipr, It, Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.t] ~ (sb) (for sth) have or give (sb) a legal right (to sth/to do sth) 具有或给（某人）（某种）合法权利: * After three years here you'll qualify for a rise. 你在这里叁年就可获加薪. * Eighteen-year-olds qualify to vote. 年满十八岁者有选举权. * Residence in the area qualifies you for membership. 只要在本区居住就可入会. * Your passport qualifies you to receive free medical treatment. 你所持的护照可使你享有免费医疗. 3 [Tn] make (a statement, etc) less general or extreme 使（言语等）不过於笼统或极端: * I feel I must qualify my earlier remarks in case they are misinterpreted. 我觉得我得把我说的话改得具体些, 以免产生误解. 4 [Tn] (grammar) name the qualities of (sth); describe in a particular way 限定; 修饰: * In `the open door', `open' is an adjective qualifying `door'. 在the open door这一词组中, open是修饰door的形容词. 派生： qualified adj 1 having completed the relevant training or examination 经过训练或考试的; 有资格的; 合格的; 及格的: a qualified doctor 合格的医生 * She's extremely well qualified for the job. 她极胜任这一工作. * It takes three years to become qualified. 需时叁年才具备资格. 2 limited 有限制的; 有限度的: give the scheme only qualified approval 有所保留地批准此计画.

qualify1
qualifier[-faiE(r); -7fail] n 1 (grammar) word, esp an adjective or adverb, that qualifies another word 修饰词; （尤指）形容词, 副词. 2 person who becomes entitled to compete in the next round of a competition, etc （有资格进入下一轮竞赛等的）合格者: * The final brings together four qualifiers from each heat. 有四名初赛获胜者进入决赛.

qualitative
[5kwClitEtiv; - -teit-; 5kwalE7tetiv] adj of or concerned with quality 性质的; 质量的; 与性质或质量有关的: * qualitative analysis 定性分析 * little qualitative improvement in their work 他们的工作质量没什麽改进. Cf 参看 quantitative. > qualitatively adv.

quality
[5kwClEti; 5kwalEti] n 1 (a) [U, C] degree of goodness or worth 质量; 品质: * goods of the highest quality 质量最高的货物 * This material is very poor quality. 这种材料质量很差. * There are many different qualities of gold and silver. 金银的成色有很多种. (b)[U] general excellence 优质; 优点: * As an actor she shows real quality. 她表现出演员的真正才华. * This company is more concerned with quality than with quantity. 这家公司对质量比对产量更重视. * [attrib 作定语] We specialize in quality furniture. 我们专门经营优质家具. 2 [C] (a) attribute; characteristic 属性; 特徵; 特性: * He possesses the quality of inspiring confidence. 他有本事能让别人信任他. * She had many good qualities despite her apparent rudeness. 她粗鲁是粗鲁, 但还有许多优秀品质. (b) special or distinguishing feature 特点; 特色:One quality of this plastic is that it is almost unbreakable. 这种塑料有个特点是不易断裂. * His voice had a rich melodic quality. 他的音色浑厚而优美.

qualm
[kwa:m; kwam] n feeling of doubt, esp about whether what one is doing is right; misgiving 怀疑（尤指对自己正做的事是否正确）; 疑虑: * He had/felt no serious qualms about concealing the information from the police. 他向警方隐瞒实情而并未感到十分不妥.

quandary
[5kwCndEri; 5kwandEri] n state of not being able to decide what to do; awkward or difficult situation 困惑; 窘况: * I've been offered a better job but at a lower salary I'm in a quandary about what to do. 有人要给我一份更好的工作, 但薪水较低--我很为难, 不知如何是好.

quango
[5kwANgEu; 5kwANgo] n (pl ~s) administrative organization that operates independently but with support from the government (formed from the initials of `quasi-autonomous, non-governmental organization') （由政府赞助的）自治机构（此字由`quasi-autonomous, non-governmental organization'之首字母组成）.

quantify
[5kwCntifai; 5kwantE7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn] express or measure the quantity of (sth) 表示或测量（某事物）的数量: * The cost of the flood damage is impossible to quantify. 这次水灾的损失是无可估量的.> quantifiable adj. quantification[7kwCntifi'keiFn;7kwantEfE'keFEn] n [U].

quantitative
[5kwCntitEtiv; - -teit-; 5kwantE7tetiv] adj of or concerned with quantity 数量的; 关於数量的: * quantitative analysis 定量分析. Cf 参看 qualitative.

quantity
[5kwCntEti; 5kwantEti] n 1 [U] that which makes it possible to measure things through having number, size, weight, etc 量; 大小; 重量: * His reputation as a writer depends more on quantity than quality, ie He writes a lot but he doesn't write very well. 他获得作家的名气靠的是作品的数量而不是质量. * Mathematics is the science of pure quantity. 数学是研究纯数量的科学. 2 [C, U] number or amount, esp a large one 数目, 数量（尤指巨大的）: * What quantity (ie How many) do you require? 你要求多大的数量? * a small quantity of cutlery 少量的刀叉餐具 * It's cheaper to buy goods in quantity/in large quantities. 大批量购货较便宜. 3 (idm 习语) an unknown quantity => unknown. 复合： `quantity surveyor person who estimates the quantity of materials needed for constructing buildings, etc and how much they will cost 估算员（估算建 材料等用量及其成本者）.

quantum
[5kwCntEm; 5kwantEm] n (pl quanta[-tE;-tE] ) (fml 文) amount that is required or desired （需要的或想要的）数量. 复合： quantum `leap sudden progress; breakthrough 突飞猛进; 突破: This discovery marks a quantum leap forward in the fight against cancer. 这一发现标志着治疗癌症的 一大突破. `quantum theory (physics 物) theory based on the assumption that in radiation the energy of electrons exists in units that cannot be divided 量子论.

quarantine
[5kwCrEnti:n; - 'kwC:r-; 5kwCrEn7tin] n [C usu sing, U 作可数名词时通常作单数, 亦作不可数名词] (period of) isolation for people or animals that may carry an infectious disease, until it is known that there is no danger of the disease being passed on to others（对可能患传染病的人或动物的）隔离（期间）: * kept in quarantine for a week 接受一星期的检疫隔离 * be out of quarantine after five days 五天後解除检疫隔离 * [attrib 作定语] quarantine regulations, restrictions, etc 检疫隔离的规定、 限制等. 派生： quarantine v [Tn] put (sb/sth) into quarantine 对（某人[某物]）进行检疫隔离: quarantined because of rabies 因怀疑患狂犬病而被检疫隔离.

quark
[kwa:k; kwark] n (physics 物) any of several very small parts of which elementary particles are thought to consist 夸克（组成基本粒子的更小的粒子）.

quarrel
[5kwCrEl; - 'kwC:rEl; 5kwCrEl] n 1 ~ (with sb) (about/over sth) angry argument or disagreement 争吵; 吵架; 不和; 口角: * pick (ie provoke or seize the opportunity for) a quarrel with sb 向某人寻 （找茬儿） * I had a quarrel with my flat-mate about who should do the housework. 我与和我同住一单元的人关於谁应做家务事吵了一架. * Their quarrel wasn't serious. 他们吵架吵得不厉害. =>Usage at argument 用法见argument. 2 ~ with/against sb/sth reason for complaining about sb/sth 抱怨某人[某事物]的原因或理由: * I have no quarrel with him. 我没有理由责怪他. 派生： quarrel v (-ll-; US -l-) 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb) (about/over sth) break friendly relations; argue angrily 吵嘴; 吵架; 争吵; 口角: Stop quarrelling, children! 孩子们, 别吵架了! * She quarrelled with her brother about the terms of their father's will. 她和哥哥为父亲遗嘱条款一事争吵起来. 2 [Ipr] ~ with sth disagree with sth; find fault with sth 不同意或挑剔某事物: quarrel with a statement, an account, an estimate, etc 寻找结算、 帐目、 预算等的漏洞 * You can't quarrel with the court's decision it's very fair. 你不能反对法院的判决--判得很公平. quarrelsome[-sEm; -sEm] adj likely to start a quarrel; quick-tempered 爱争吵的; 急脾气的.

quarry
1[5kwCri; - 'kwC:ri; 5kwCri] n (a) animal or bird that is being hunted 正在被捕猎的鸟兽: * The hunters lost sight of their quarry in the forest. 猎人失去了在林中追捕的鸟兽踪影. (b) person or thing that is being looked for or pursued eagerly 被寻找或追逐的人或事物: * It took the police several days to track down their quarry. 警方用了几天时间追查到案中目标.

quart
[kwC:t; kwCrt] n 1 (abbr 缩写 qt) measure of capacity for liquids, equal to 2 pints or approximately 1.14 litres 夸脱（液体容量单位, 等於2品脱或约1.14升）. =>App 5 见附录5. 2 (idm 习语) put a quart into a pint `pot (try to) do sth that is impossible, esp to put sth into a space that is too small for it （试图）做不可能做到的事（尤指将某物置於容纳不下之处）.

quarter
[5kwC:tE(r); 5kwCrtl] n 1 [C] each of four equal or corresponding parts of sth 四分之一; 四等份: * a quarter of a mile 四分之一英里 * three and a quarter (ie 3) inches 叁又四分之一（3）英寸 * The programme lasted an hour and a quarter. 节目持续了一小时十五分钟. * Divide the apples into quarters. 把这些苹果分成四份. * Three quarters of the theatre was full. 剧院的座位坐满了四分之叁. * (infml 口) A quarter (ie of a pound) of coffee, please. 请给我四分之一磅的咖啡. =>App 4, 5 见附录4 5. =>Usage at half1 用法见half1. 2 [C] point of time fifteen minutes before or after every hour 每小时之前或之後的第十五分钟: * It's (a) quarter to (US of) four now I'll meet you at quarter past (US after). 现在是差一刻四点--我四点一刻见你. * The clock strikes the hours, the half-hours and the quarters. 这个钟在正点、 半点和一刻钟都打点. * The buses leave twice every hour on the quarter, eg at 10.15 and 10.45. 公共汽车在每小时的第一刻钟和第叁刻钟各开出一班车（如10时15分及10时45分）. =>App 4 见附录4. 3 [C] three months, esp as a period for which rent or other payment is made, or a firm's earnings are calculated 季度, 叁个月（尤指作为偿付租金或公司收益结算等的阶段）: * The rent is due at the end of each quarter. 缴纳租金以每季度末为期限. * Our gas bill for the last quarter was unusually high. 我们上季度的煤气费异常高. * Sales of the dictionary are twice what they were in the same quarter last year. 这部词典的销售量是去年同季度的两倍. 4 [C] (a) direction 方向: * The wind blew from all quarters. 风从四面八方吹来. * Her travels had taken her to every quarter of the globe. 她游遍了世界各地. (b) district; part of a town 地区; 城镇的一部分: * a residential quarter 住宅区 * the student quarter of the city, ie the part mainly inhabited by students 城里的学生居住区.

quarter1
5 [C] person or group of people, esp as a possible source of help, information, etc 人, 团体（尤指可能提供援助、 消息等的）: * As her mother was now very poor she could expect no help from that quarter. 她母亲已很贫困, 她无法指望得到母亲的帮助. * The minister's speech is interpreted in some quarters (ie by some people) as an admission that the Government was wrong. 部长的讲话有人认为是承认政府错了. 6 [C] (US) (coin worth) 25 cents; fourth part of a dollar 两角五分（的硬币）; 四分之一元: * It'llcost you a quarter. 你得花两角五分钱. =>App 4 见附录4.7 [C] one fourth of a lunar month; position of the moon at the end of the first and third of these 太阴月的四分之一; 月球上弦或下弦的位相: * The moon is in its last quarter. 月球现处於下弦. 8 [C usu sing 通常作单数] rear part of a ship's side 船舷的後部: * on the port/starboard quarter 在左舷[右舷]後部. 9 [C] fourth part of a hundredweight, ie (in UK) 28 lb or (in US) 25 lb 夸特（四分之一英担, 即英国为28磅, 美国为25磅）. =>App 4, 5 见附录4 5. 10 quarters [pl] accommodation,esp for soldiers 住处; （尤指）营房: * take up quarters in the nearest village 在最近的村中驻扎 * married/single quarters, ie place where a soldier with/without a family can lodge 已婚军人[单身军人]营房 * ordered to return to their quarters 被命令回营房. 11 [U] (dated or fml旧或文) mercy shown towards an enemy who has surrendered or to an opponent who is one's power （对降敌或对手的）慈悲, 宽恕: * His business rivals knew they could expect no quarter from such a ruthless adversary. 他的业务对手都知道不可指望他这样无情的人会手软. 12 (idm 习语) at close quarters => close1. 派生： quarter v 1 [Tn] divide (sb/sth) into four parts 将（人[事物]）分成四部分: quarter an apple 把苹果切成四瓣儿 * sentenced to be hung, drawn and quartered, ie executed by hanging, the body then being opened and cut up 被判处绞刑并剖 裂肢.

quarter2
2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (on sb) provide sb with lodgings 供某人住宿: troops quartered on the local villagers 驻扎在当地村民家中的部队. 复合： `quarter-day n first day of a quarter(3) when payments become due 季度结帐日（一季度的第一天, 为付款到期日）. `quarterdeck n part of the upper deck of a ship near the stern, usu reserved for officers 上层後甲板区（通常为高级船员专用处）. ,quarter-`final n (in sport, etc) any of four competitions or matches to choose the players or teams for the semifinals （运动等的）四分之一决赛. `quarter-light n small triangular section of a window in a car, which can be opened to admit air without opening the main section 边窗（汽车窗中的叁角形小窗）. `quartermaster n 1 (in the army) regimental officer in charge of stores and accommodation for a battalion（陆军的）军需官（负责营的物资及住宿的团级军官）.2 (in the navy) petty officer in charge of steering, signals, etc （海军的）航信士官（负责掌舵、 信号等）. ,Quartermaster-`General n staff officer in charge of supplies for an army 陆军军需总长. `quarter-note n (US) = crotchet. `quarter sessions (formerly) court of law with limited power to try criminal and civil cases, held every three months （旧时）（按季开庭的）初级法院. `quarterstaff n strong pole, 6 to 8 feet long, formerly used as a weapon （旧时用作武器的6至8英尺长的）棍棒.

quarterly
[5kwC:tEli; 5kwCrtlli] adj, adv produced or occurring once every three months 季度的, 按季度（每叁个月一次）: * I receive quarterly bank statements. 我每叁个月都收到一份银行结单. * Subscriptions should be paid quarterly. 订费按季度交付. 派生： quarterly n periodical published four times a year 季刊.

quartet
[kwC:'tet; kwCr'tet] n 1 (piece of music for) four players or singers 四重奏（曲）; 四重唱（曲）; 四重奏演奏者; 四重唱演唱者: * a string quartet, ie players of or music for two violins, a viola and a cello 弦乐四重奏（两个小提琴、 一个中提琴和一个大提琴的演奏者或其乐曲）. 2 set of four people or things 四人一组; 四件一套: * a quartet of novels with a linking theme 主题连贯的四部小说.

quarto
[5kwC:tEu; 5kwCrto] n (pl ~s) (a) (abbrs 缩写 4to, qto) size of page made by folding a standard sheet of paper twice to form eight pages 四开（标准纸张摺瞴两次而成八页的大小）. (b) book made of these folded sheets 四开本: * the first quarto of `Hamlet' 《哈姆雷特》的第一种四开本 * [attrib 作定语] Quarto volumes are too large to fit on this shelf. 这架子上放不下四开本的书.

quartz
[kwC:ts; kwCrts] n [U] any of various types of hard mineral (esp crystallized silica) 石英: * [attrib 作定语] a quartz clock/watch, ie one that is operated, very accurately, by the electric vibrations of a quartz crystal 石英钟[表].

quasar
[5kweiza:(r); 5kwezar] n (astronomy 天) very distant object like a star that is the source of intense electromagnetic radiation 类星体.

quash
[kwCF; kwaF] v [Tn] 1 reject (sth) (by legal procedure) as not valid; declare (sth) not to be enforceable by law （依法）撤销（某事物）; 宣布（某事物）无效: * quash a verdict 宣布裁决无效 * They had their sentence quashed by the appeal court judge. 上诉法院的法官撤销了对他们的判决. 2 put an end to (sth); suppress or crush 制止（某事物）; 镇压; 捣碎: * The rebellion was quickly quashed.叛乱被迅速平息.

quasi-
[5kweizai-, 'kweisai; 5kwezai, 'kwesai] pref 前缀 (forming adjs and ns 用以构成形容词和名词) 1 to a certain extent 达到某种程度: * a quasi-official body 半官方团体. 2 seemingly but not really 类似; 准; 半: * a quasi-scientific explanation 类似科学的解释 * a quasi-scholar 似学者的人.

quatercentenary
[ 9kwCtEsen5ti:nErI; ?@ -5sentEnerI; 9kwBtL`sZntE9nZrI] n 400th anniversary 第400周年: * celebrate the quatercentenary of Shakespeare's birth 纪念莎士比亚诞生四百周年.

quatrain
[5kwCtrein; 5kwatren] n poem, or verse of a poem, consisting of four lines 四行诗; 四行的诗节.

quaver
[5kweivE(r); 5kwevl] v 1 [I] (of a voice or a musical sound) shake; tremble （指嗓音或乐音）颤抖: * in a quavering voice 以颤抖的嗓音 * Her top notes quavered a little. 她唱的高音有些颤. 2 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (out) say or sing sth in a trembling voice （以颤抖的声音）说出, 唱出: * The children quavered out their little song. 孩子们颤悠悠地唱出了一支歌. 派生： quaver n 1 (usu sing 通常作单数) trembling sound 颤抖的声音: You could hear the quaver in her voice. 她的声音中能听出有些颤抖. 2 (US eighth note) note in music that lasts half as long as a crotchet 八分音符. =>illus at music 见music插图. quavery[5kweivEri; 5kwevEri] adj (of a voice) shaking; tremulous （指嗓音）颤抖的, 发颤的.

quay
[ki:; ki] n landing-place, usu built of stone or iron, for loading and unloading ships 码头. 复合： `quayside n [sing] land situated at the side or edge of a quay 码头边: crowds waiting at the quayside to welcome them 等候在码头边上欢迎他们的人群.

queasy
[5kwi:zi; 5kwizi] adj (-ier, -iest) having a tendency to feel sick; feeling sick 使人作呕的; 易呕吐的; 易眩晕的: * Travelling on a bus makes me feel queasy. 我坐公共汽车感到头晕. * She complained of a queasy stomach, ie a feeling in her stomach that made her want to be sick. 她说觉得反胃（要呕吐）. > queasily adv. queasiness n [U].

queen
[kwi:n; kwin] n 1 (title of the) female ruler of an independent state, usu inheriting the position by right of birth （独立政体的）女王, 女酋长, 女首领（的头衔）（通常为世袭的）: * Queen Elizabeth II 英女王伊丽莎白二世 * the Queen of the Netherlands 荷兰女王 * be made/crowned queen 被立[加冕]为女王. Cf 参看 king. 2 wife of a king 王后: * King George VI and Queen Elizabeth 英王乔治六世及王后伊丽莎白. 3 (a) woman, place or thing regarded as best or most important in some way 最好的或最重要的女子、 地方或事物: * Agatha Christie, the queen of detective-story writers 阿加莎．克里斯蒂, 侦探小说杰出女作家 * Marilyn Monroe is the most famous of all American movie queens, ie leading film actresses. 玛丽莲．梦露是全美最着名的影后. * Venice, the queen of the Adriatic 威尼斯, 亚得里亚海沿岸的名城. (b) woman or girl chosen to hold the most important position in a festival or celebration 节日或庆典中最重要的女子: * Queen of the May, ie girl chosen to lead a procession, dance, etc to celebrate spring 五朔节小姐（带领庆祝春季节日者） * a carnival queen 狂欢节小姐 * a beauty queen 选美赛的冠军. 4 fertile female insect (eg ant, bee or wasp) that produces eggs for the whole group （为群体产卵的雌性昆虫, 如蚂蚁、 蜜蜂、 黄蜂等的）王; 蚁王; 蜂王: * A hive cannot exist without a queen. 蜂房不可无蜂王. * [attrib 作定语] The queen bee never leaves the hive. 蜂王从不离开蜂房. 5 (a) (in chess) the most powerful piece on the board, used for attack and defence （国际象棋的）后. =>illus at chess 见chess插图. (b) (in a pack of playing-cards) any of the four cards with the picture of a queen on （纸牌中的）王后,Q: * the queen of hearts 红桃Q. 6 (sl derog 俚, 贬) effeminate male homosexual 女性化的男同性恋者. 7 (idm 习语)the King's/Queen's English => English. turn King's/Queen's evidence => evidence. the uncrowned king/queen of sth => uncrowned.

queen1
派生： queen v 1 (a) [Tn] (in chess) change (a pawn) into a queen by moving it across the board to the opponent's end （国际象棋中）使（卒）升变为后（至对方底线者）. (b) [I] (of a pawn) be changed in this way （指卒）升变为后. 2 (idm 习语) queen it (over sb) behave as if in a position of power (over sb) （对某人）似掌权者行事: Since her promotion she queens it over everyone else in the office. 她获提升後对办事处所有的人都发号施令. queenly adj of, like or suitable for a queen; majestic （似）女王的; 适合女王的; 堂皇的: her queenly duties 她的女王职权 * give a queenly wave 像女王那样挥手 * dressed in queenly robes 穿着华丽的（女装）礼服. 复合： queen `bee 1 => queen 4. 2 (fig 比喻) woman who behaves as if she is the most important person in a particular place or group （在某场合或某些人中, 举止宛如最重要人物的）女子. queen `consort wife of a king 王后. queen `dowager widow of a king 孀居的王后. queen `mother widow of a king and mother of a reigning king or queen 孀居的王后及执政王之母: The queen mother waved to the crowd. 王太后向人群挥手. Queen's `Bench (Division) => King's Bench (king). Queen's `Counsel => King's Counsel (king). the Queen's `English form of written and spoken English generally regarded as the most correct 标准英语.

queer
[kwiE(r); kwir] adj 1 (a) different from what is expected; strange, esp in an unpleasant way （与预期的）不同的; 奇怪的; （尤指）古怪的: * The fish had a queer taste. 那鱼有一股怪味道. * His behaviour seemed queer. 他的举动似乎有些古怪. * I think she's gone a bit queer in the head, ie slightly crazy. 我看她精神不太正常. (b) causing doubt or suspicion 使人生疑的; 可疑的: * I heard some very queer noises in the garden. 我听到花园里有些可疑的声音. * There's something queer about him. 他有些可疑. 2 (sl derog 俚, 贬) homosexual 同性恋的. 3 (dated infml 旧, 口) unwell; faint 不舒服的; 眩晕的: * I woke up feeling rather queer. 我醒来觉得有些头晕. 4 (idm 习语) be in `Queer Street (dated Brit sl 旧, 俚) be in (esp financial) trouble 处於（尤指财务）困境; 拮 : * He lost all his money gambling and now he's really in Queer Street. 他把钱都输光了, 现在可真狼狈了. an odd/a queer fish => fish1. 派生： queer n (sl derog 俚, 贬) homosexual man 男同性恋者. queer v (idm 习语) queer sb's `pitch (infml 口) cause sb's plans to go wrong 破坏或阻挠某人的计画: I think I'm likely to get the job, but if Bob applies for it too it/he could queer my pitch. 我想我很可能得到这份工作, 可是假设鲍勃也申请的话, 那[他]可能使我的计画落空. queerly adv. queerness n [U].

quell
[kwel; kwel] v [Tn] put an end to (sth); suppress制止（某事物）; 镇压; 压制: * quell the rebellion, opposition,uprising, etc 镇压叛乱、 反抗、 起义等 * quell sb's fears, anxieties, etc 消除某人的恐惧、 忧虑等.

quench
[kwentF; kwentF] v [Tn] 1 extinguish (fire, flames, etc), esp with water 扑灭（火焰等）（尤指用水）: * (fig 比喻) quench sb's ardent passion 使某人的热情冷却下来. 2 satisfy (sth) by drinking 解（渴）: * quench one's thirst with cold water 喝冷水止渴. 3 put an end to (sth) 终止（某事物）: * Nothing could quench her longing to return home again. 她重返家园的念头怎麽也打消不掉. 4 cool (a hot substance) rapidly by placing it in water 将（热物体）放入水中急速冷却; 淬火; 蘸火.

querulous
[5kwerulEs; 5kwerulEs] adj complaining; irritable 抱怨的; 易怒的: * in a querulous tone 以发牢骚的腔调. > querulously adv. querulousness n [U].

query
[5kwiEri; 5kwiri] n 1 question 疑问; 问题: * answer readers' queries 答读者问 * Your interesting report raises several important queries. 你的精彩报告引发出了几个重要问题. 2 question mark (?) 问号（?）: * Put a query against that. 在那儿加一个问号. 派生： query v (pt, pp queried) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~sb (about sth) ask sb a question or questions 向某人提出问题: `Will it be too late?’ she queried. ‘是否太晚呢?’她问道. * The minister was queried about his plans for the industry. 有人向部长提出了工业计画问题. 2 [Tn, Tw] express doubt about sth 对某事物表示怀疑: query a statement, suggestion, conclusion, etc 对一言论、 建议、 决议等表示怀疑 * query the amount charged, ie say that one thinks it is wrong 对索要的数额质疑（称认为有误） * I query whether he can be trusted. 我怀疑他是否可靠.

quest
[kwest; kwest] n (fml or rhet 文或修辞) 1 ~ (for sth) act of seeking sth; search or pursuit 寻求; 寻找; 搜索; 追求: * the quest for gold, knowledge, happiness 勘探黄金、 寻求知识、 追求幸福. 2 (idm 习语) in quest of sth trying to find sth; seeking sth 试图找到某事物; 寻求某事物: * She had come in quest of advice. 她曾来徵求意见. 派生： quest v [I, Ipr] ~ (for sth) (fml or rhet 文或修辞) try to find sth; search 试图找到某事物; 搜索: His questing fingers found the light switch. 他用手指摸到了灯的开关. * continue to quest for clues 继续寻找线索.

question
1[5kwestFEn; 5kwestFEn] n 1 [C] form of expression in speech or writing that requests an answer from sb 问题: * ask a lot of questions 问很多问题 * Question 3 is quite difficult. 第3个问题很难. * I will be happy to answer questions at the end. 我愿在最後回答一些问题. * I'd like to put a question to the speaker. 我想向发言者提一个问题. 2 [C] topic that is being or needs to be discussed; problem that needs to be solved 议题; 难题: * What about the question of security? 安全的问题怎麽办? * We have to consider the question of where to sleep. 我们得考虑在何处安歇的问题. * The question of choosing a successor has arisen. 挑选後继人的问题已经提出. 3 [U] raising of doubt 质疑: * There is no/some question about his honesty. 他的诚实没有[有些]问题. * Her sincerity is beyond question. 她态度诚恳, 毋庸置疑. * His suitability for the post is open to question. 对这一职位他是否适宜很成问题. 4 (idm 习语) beg the question=> beg. bring sth/come into `question (cause sth to) be discussed or considered as a matter of importance （使某事物）被讨论, 被考虑: * My promotion brings into question the status of certain other members of staff. 提升我後某些职员的地位就成了问题. call sth in/into `question express doubt about sth 对某事物表示怀疑: * His moral standards have been called into question. 他的道德标准令人生疑. a fair question => fair1. in `question being considered or discussed 正被考虑或讨论: * The woman in question is sitting over there. 提到的那个女的就在那里坐着呢. * The job in question is available for three months only. 所谈到的这一工作空缺为时仅叁个月. it is a question of what is really involved is 问题在於: * It isn't a question of whether we can afford a holiday I'm just too busy at the moment. 问题倒不是我们是否有钱度假--而是目前我实在太忙了.

question1
* She is so talented that her success can only be a question of time. 她才华横溢, 事业成功只是时间问题.a loaded question => load2. a moot point/question=> moot. out of the `question not worth discussing; impossible 不值得讨论的; 不可能的: * Missing school to watch the football match is out of the question. 为看足球比赛而旷课, 那可不行. * A new bicycle is out of the question we can't afford it. 买新自行车的事谈不到--我们买不起. pop the question => pop4. a/the sixty-four thousand dollar question => dollar.there is some/no question of there is a/no possibility of 有[没有]...的可能性: * There was some question of selling the business. 有可能将公司转让. * There will be no question of anyone being made redundant. 决不可能裁掉任何人. a vexed question => vex. 复合： `question mark the symbol (?) used in writing aftera question 问号（? ）. =>App 3 见附录3. Cf 参看 query 2.`question-master (also `quiz-master) n person who asks the questions in a quiz, esp on TV or radio 测试中问问题的人; （尤指电视或电台中）问答节目主持人. `question time (Brit) (in the House of Commons) period of time during which ministers answer questions from MPs （下议院中的）质询时间（大臣答覆议员提问的时间）.

questionnaire
[7kwestFE'neE(r); 7kwestFEn'er] n writtenor printed list of questions to be answered by a number of people, esp to collect statistics or as part of a survey 问卷; （尤指为作统计或调查用的）问题单, 调查表,徵求意见表: * Please complete and return the enclosed questionnaire. 所附问卷请填妥交回.

queue
[kju:; kju] n 1 line of people, vehicles, etc waiting for sth or to do sth （人或车辆等的）长列, 行列: * By 7 o'clock a long queue had formed outside the cinema. 到7点钟时, 电影院门外已经排成了长队. * People had to stand in a queue for hours to buy a ticket. 人们买票得排几小时的队. * Is this the queue for the bus? 这是等候公共汽车的队吗? * a queue of cars at the traffic-lights 交通灯前的一长列汽车. 2 (idm 习语) jump the queue => jump2. 派生： queue v [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (up) (for sth) wait in a queue 排队等候: We queued for an hour but didn't get in. 我们排队等候一小时也没进去. * Queue here for a taxi. 等候出租汽车在此排队. * They're queuing up to see a film. 他们排着队等候看电影.

qui vive
[7ki: 'vi:v; 7ki 'viv] (idm 习语) on the qui `vive watching for sth to happen; alert; watchful 注视某事物发生; 警惕着; 注意着.

quibble
[5kwibl; 5kwibl] n 1 objection or criticism, esp atrivial one 反对或批评的意见; （尤指）吹毛求疵: * quibbles over the exact amount 斤斤计较 * Basically it was a fine performance I have only minor quibbles to make about her technique. 表演基本上很精彩--我只对她的技巧稍有意见. 2 remark, etc made in order to evade the mainpoint of an argument 回避正题的话等; 遁词: * She's only introducing this as a quibble. 她提出此点, 纯属遁词. 派生： quibble v [I, Ipr] ~ (over/about sth) argue about small differences or disagreements （对小的差别或分歧）争论: Stop quibbling about the use of the comma. 别再争辩逗号的用法了. * 50p isn't worth quibbling about. 50便士不值一争.

quiche
[ki:F; kiF] n open pastry tart with a savoury filling, esp of eggs, bacon, cheese, etc 一种糕饼（上层多为鸡蛋、 腌肉、 乾酪等）.

quick
[kwik; kwik] adj (-er, -est) 1 (a) (capable of) moving fast or doing sth in a short time 快的; 迅速的: * a quick worker, reader 工作速度快的人、 阅读速度快的人 * quick to respond, react, learn 回应、 反应、 学得快的 * Taxis are quicker than buses. 计程车比公共汽车快. * Go and find the tickets and be quick about it, ie hurry. 去把票弄来, 快点儿. * The thief got away he was too quick for me. 小偷溜掉了--我没追上. * We must move at a quicker pace or we'll be late. 我们动作得快些, 不然就晚了. (b) done in a short time 短时间做成的: * have a quick meal 吃快餐 * We've just got time for a quick one, ie a quick (usu alcoholic) drink. 我们的时间不多, 只够匆匆喝上一口（通常指酒）. * with a quick flick of the wrist 用手腕急速一抖 * Are you sure this is the quickest way? 你肯定这条路最快吗? * He fired three shots in quick succession. 他快速连发叁枪. 2 (a) [attrib 作定语] lively; active; alert 灵活的; 灵敏的; 伶俐的; 机警的: * a quick ear for music 对音乐灵敏的耳朵 * a quick eye for imperfections 能挑毛病的锐利的眼睛 * Her quick wits saved the boy's life. 她靠急智救了那男孩一命. (b) easily roused; sensitive 易受激发的; 敏感的: * Be careful not to annoy him he's got a quick temper, ie he becomes angry very readily. 小心别惹他--他脾气急. * She's always very quick to take offence, ie easily offended. 她动不动就生气. (c) ~ (at sth) intelligent; competent 聪明的; 有能力的: * He's not as quick as his sister. 他没有妹妹那麽聪明. * His spelling's poor but he's very quick at figures. 他拼写差, 但算术好. 3 (idm 习语) the ,quick and the `dead (arch 古) all people alive or dead 活的或死的所有的人. (as) quick as a `flash; (as) quick as `lightning very quick(ly) 极快: * He got the answer to the riddle as quick as a flash. 他一下子就猜中了谜底.

quick1
* She's as quick as lightning on the tennis court. 她在网球场上疾如闪电. (be) ,quick off the `mark making a prompt start 迅速开始: * You have to be quick off the mark when you answer a newspaper advertisement. 回应报纸的广告得说办就办. quick/slow on the draw => draw1. quick/slow on the uptake => uptake. 派生： quick adv (-er, -est) quickly 快地; 迅速地: Come as quick as you can. 你要尽快来. * Everyone is trying to get rich quick nowadays. 现在每个人都想要尽快发财致富. * Who ran quickest? 谁跑得最快? * quick-drying paint 快乾漆. quick n 1 [sing] soft tender flesh, esp below the finger-nails 软而嫩的肉（尤指指甲下的）: She has bitten her nails (down) to the quick. 她咬指甲（一直）咬到肉. 2 (idm 习语) cut sb to the `quick hurt sb deeply by speaking or acting unkindly 用恶劣的语言或行动深深伤害某人: She was cut to the quick by his insults. 她受他侮辱而十分伤心. quickly adv: speak, write, run, learn very quickly 说得、 写得、 跑得、 学得很快. quickness n [U]: (saying 谚) The quickness of the hand deceives the eye. 手疾骗眼快. 复合： ,quick-`change adj [attrib 作定语] (of an actor, etc) quickly changing his costume or appearance to play another part （指演员等）瞬变的（迅速换装或改变相貌而演另一角色）: a quick-change artist 瞬变的演员. quick-`freeze v (pt -froze[-frEuz; -froz] , pp -frozen[-frEUzn; -frozEn/) [Tn] freeze (food) very quickly for storing so that it keeps its natural qualities 速冻（食物）. ,quick `march (used as a military command to march at the usual pace （用作军令）齐步行进). `quickstep n (music for a) ballroom dance with quick steps 快步舞（曲）: play/dance a quickstep 演奏快步舞曲[跳快步舞]. ,quick-`tempered adj likely to become angry very quickly 易怒的; 性情急躁的. ,quick-`witted adj able to think quickly; intelligent 机智的; 聪明的.

quicken
[5kwikEn; 5kwikEn] v [I, Tn] 1 (cause sth to) become quicker （使某事物）加快, 变快: * His pace quickened. 他的步伐加快了. * We quickened our steps. 我们加快了脚步. 2 (fml 文) (cause sth to) become more active （使某事物）变得更活跃, 更加活泼: * The child quickened in her womb, ie She felt the movements of the foetus. 她感到了胎动. * Her pulse quickened. 她的脉搏加快了. * His interest was quickened by an article he had read. 他读了一篇文章便兴趣大增了.

quickie
[5kwiki; 5kwiki] n (infml 口) thing that is made or done very quickly 迅速做成的事物: * I've just made some coffee have you time for a quickie? 我刚煮好咖啡--你能抽空儿喝点儿吗?

quicklime
[5kwiklaim; 5kwik7laim] n [U] = lime1 1.

quicksand
[5kwiksAnd; 5kwik7sAnd] n [C often pl, U 作可数名词时常作复数, 亦作不可数名词] (area of) loose wet deep sand into which people or things will sink 流沙（区）.

quicksilver
[5kwiksilvE(r); 5kwik7silvl] n [U] = mercury:like quicksilver, ie very quick(ly) 极快.

quid
1[kwid; kwid] n (pl unchanged 复数不变) (Brit infml 口) 1 one pound sterling 一英镑: * Can you lend me five quid? 你能借给我五英镑吗? * It costs a quid (ie 1) to get in. 进去要花一英镑（1）. 2 (idm 习语) quids `in in a position to profit from sth 处於从某事物中获利的地位: * Having sold the film and TV rights to his new best seller he's absolutely quids in. 他售出了最新畅销小说的电影和电视版权, 现在单等坐收厚利了.

quid pro quo
[7kwid prEu 'kwEu; 7kwidpro'kwo] n (pl quid pro quos) thing given in return for sth else 补偿物; 交换物: * Please accept the use of our cottage as a quid pro quo for lending us your car. 请尽管使用我们的村舍, 以酬谢借给我们汽车之事.

quiescent
[kwai'esnt, kwi'esnt; kwai'esnt, kwi'esnt] adj (fml 文) inactive; passive; quiet 不活动的; 被动的; 静止的: * It is unlikely that such an extremist organization will remain quiescent for long. 这种过激的组织是不太可能长期沉默的. > quiescence[-sns; -sns] n [U].

quiet
[5kwaiEt; 5kwaiEt] adj (-er, -est) 1 with little or no sound; not noisy or loud 轻声的; 无声的; 安静的: * her quiet voice, footsteps 她那轻轻的嗓音、 脚步声 * Be quiet (ie silent), please! 请安静! * Can't you keep the children quiet? I'm trying to concentrate. 你能不能让孩子们静一静? 我做事需要精神集中. 2 with little or no movement or disturbance （几乎）不动的; 静止的; 平静的; 安定的: * The roads are usually quiet in the afternoon. 下午路面通常很清静. * The sea looks quieter now. 现在海面看起来平静些了. * Business is quiet at this time of the year. 一年中的这个时候生意很淡. 3 without excitement, activity or interruption 无感情波动的; 无活动的; 不受干扰的: * lead a quiet life 过着平淡的生活 * have a quiet smoke 悠闲地吸着烟 * have a quiet evening at home 在家度过恬静的夜晚 * Their wedding was very quiet. 他们的婚礼很平淡. 4 gentle; not forceful 文静的; 温和的; 温顺的: * a lady of a quiet disposition 文静的女士. 5 (of colours) not bright; unobtrusive （指颜色）不鲜艳的, 暗淡的, 素净的: * a quiet shade of blue 暗淡的蓝色. 6 not expressed loudly; restrained 不大声表达的; 克制的: * have a quiet laugh about sth 轻声笑某事物 * Her manner concealed quiet resentment. 她心中怨恨而不形於色. =>Usage 见所附用法. 7 (idm 习语) keep quiet about sth; keep sth quiet say nothing about sth 对某事物缄默不语: * I've decided to resign but I'd prefer you to keep quiet about it. 我已决定辞职, 你先别声张. (as) quiet as a `mouse making very little sound 不出声; 无声响. 派生： quiet n [U] 1 state of being quiet; tranquillity 寂静; 平静: the quiet of the countryside 乡村的寂静 * live in peace and quiet 过着平静、 安定的生活. 2 (idm 习语) on the quiet secretly 秘密地; 私下; 暗地里: have a drink on the quiet 偷偷地喝酒. quiet v [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (sb/sth)

quiet1
(down) (esp US) become or make (sb/sth) quiet 安静下来; 使（某人[某事物]）安静, 平静: quiet a frightened horse 使受惊的马静下来. quieten[5kwaiEtn; 5kwaiEtn] v [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (sb/sth) (down) (esp Brit) (cause sb/sth to) become less disturbed, noisy, etc （使某人[某事物]）平静些, 安静些: * Quieten down and get on with your work. 静下心来继续工作吧. * quieten a screaming baby 哄着惊叫的小孩儿 * quieten (ie allay, calm) sb's fears/suspicions 消除某人的恐惧[怀疑]. quietly adv: This car engine runs very quietly. 这辆汽车的发动机噪音很小. * She died quietly in her bed. 她在床上安然去世. quietness n [U]: the quietness of the chapel 教堂中的寂静. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Quiet, silent and calm can all be applied to both people and things and generallyindicate the absence of a quality rather than the presence of something. *quiet, silent, calm叁词用於人和事物均可, 通常指不具有某种性质, 而不指具有某种性质. A silent film has no speech and a silent machine makes no noise. *silent影片没有言语, 而silent机器没有噪声. The opposite of reading silently (or to oneself) is reading aloud. 与reading silently（或to oneself）（默读）相对的是reading aloud（读出声来）. Quiet can mean silent *quiet可意为silent: Quiet! Don't make any noise! 静一静! 不要出声! It can also indicate a lack of disturbance 这个词还可指没有骚扰: a quiet road with few cars 没有什麽汽车经过的平静的道路. * Politicians must sometimes long for a quieter life. 政治家有时巴不得能过些清静日子. The opposite of quiet music is loudmusic. 与quiet music（轻柔的音乐）相对的是loud music（喧闹的音乐）. Still indicates the absence of movement *still意思是不动: Stand still! 站着别动! It may also suggest a lack of noise 这个词也可指没有噪声: a still night after a stormy day 白天风暴过後的寂静的夜晚. Acalm person shows no agitation in difficult circumstances.*calm形容人, 意为在困难情况下不慌里慌张. A calm sea has no, or only small, waves. *calm形容海洋, 意为没有波浪或只有波纹.

quietism
[5kwaiEtizEm; 5kwaiEtizm] n [U] form of religious devotion based on a calm and passive acceptance of life and the abandonment of all desires 寂静主义（主张清心寡欲的宗教形式）. 派生： quietist[-ist; -ist] n person who practises this 寂静主义者.

quietude
[5kwaiEtju:d; - -tu:d; 5kwaiE7tud] n (fml 文) stillness; calm 平静; 宁静; 寂静.

quietus
[kwai'i:tEs; kwai'itEs] n (usu sing 通常作单数) (fml 文) release from life; extinction 死亡; 灭绝: * give sb his quietus, ie put an end to his life 结束某人的生命 * The plan has finally got its quietus, ie been abandoned. 这一计画终於胎死腹中（遭放弃）.

quiff
[kwif; kwif] n (Brit) lock of hair, esp of a man, brushed up above the forehead 额前向上梳的一束头发（尤指男子的）.

quill
[kwil; kwil] n 1 (a) (also `quill-feather) large feather from the wing or tail （翅膀或尾部的）大羽毛. =>illus at feather 见feather插图. (b) (also quill-`pen) (formerly) pen made from the hollow stem of this （旧时）（用羽毛管做的）羽毛笔. 2 (usu pl 通常作复数) long sharp stiff spine of a porcupine （豪猪的长而硬的）刺.

quilt
[kwilt; kwilt] n thick covering for a bed, made of cloth padded with soft material 被褥; 被子; 褥子. Cf 参看 duvet, eiderdown. 派生： quilt v [Tn] line (a garment or coverlet) with padding held in place by lines of stitches （用线绗着絮好的材料）给（衣服或床罩）做衬里: a quilted anorak, dressing-gown, etc 用线绗着絮好的材料做衬里的皮猴儿、 晨衣等.

quin
[kwin; kwin] (US quint/kwint; kwint] ) n (infml 口) =quintuplet.

quince
[kwins; kwins] n 1 hard yellowish pear-shaped fruit used for making jam, etc  （梨状淡黄色坚硬水果, 可制果酱等）: * [attrib 作定语] quince jelly  果冻. 2 tree bearing this fruit  树.

quincentenary
[7kwinsen'ti:nEri; - -'sentEneri; kwin'sentneri] n 500th anniversary 第500周年: * [attrib 作定语] quincentenary celebrations 第五百周年庆典.

quinine
[kwi'ni:n; - 'kwainain; 5kwainain] n [U] bitter liquid made from the bark of a tree and used in drinks or as a medicine against fever 奎宁; 金鸡纳霜.

Quinquagesima
[7kwiNkwE'dVesimE; 7kwiNkwE'dVesEmE] n the Sunday before Lent (50 days before Easter) 大斋节前的星期日（复活节前50天）.

quinsy
[5kwinzi; 5kwinzi] n [U] inflammation of the throat, esp with an abscess on one of the tonsils 扁桃体周脓肿.

quintessence
[kwin'tesns; kwin'tesns] n [sing] the ~ of sth (fml 文) 1 essential part of (a theory, speech, condition, etc) （理论、 讲话、 条件等）的精髓, 精华: * Her book captures the quintessence of Renaissance humanism.她的书抓住了文艺复兴时期人文主义的精髓. 2 perfectexample of (a quality) 典范: * He is the quintessence oftact and politeness. 他处世谦恭得体. > quintessential/ 9kwIntI5senFl; 9kwIntE`sZnFEl/ adj. quintessentially[-FElI; -FElI/ adv: * a sense of humour that is quintessentially British 典型的英式幽默感.

quintet
[kwin'tet; kwin'tet] n (piece of music for) five players or singers 五重奏（曲）; 五重唱（曲）; 五重奏演奏者; 五重唱演唱者: * They're playing Schubert's `Trout' Quintet. 他们正演奏着舒伯特的《鳟鱼五重奏》.

quintuplet
[5kwintju:plet; - kwin'tu:plit; kwin'tuplit] (also quin, US quint) n (usu pl 通常作复数) any of five children born to the same mother at one birth 五胞胎中的一个孩子.

quip
[kwip; kwip] n witty or sarcastic remark 妙语; 讽刺话: * He ended his speech with a merry quip. 他以十分风趣的话结束了演讲. 派生： quip v (-pp-) [I] make a quip or quips 说风趣的或讽刺的话: `Who overslept this morning?’ She quipped. ‘今天早晨谁睡过头了?’她风趣地问.

quire
[5kwaiE(r); kwair] n 25 (formerly 24) sheets of paper （纸的）一刀（25张纸, 旧时为24张）: * buy/sell paper by the quire/in quires 按刀数买[卖]纸. Cf 参看 ream 1.

quirk
[kwE:k; kwEk] n 1 habit or action that is peculiar to sb/sth （某人[某事物]特有的）习惯, 举动: * He had a strange quirk of addressing his wife as Mrs Smith. 他很怪, 把自己的妻子称作史密斯夫人. 2 accident; coincidence 偶然的事; 巧合: * one of those odd historical quirks 偶发的历史事件 * By a quirk of fate they had booked into the same hotel. 由於命运的捉弄, 他们住进同一家旅馆.

quisling
[5kwizliN; 5kwizliN] n traitor, esp one who helps an enemy occupying his country 卖国贼, 内奸, 叛徒（尤指助敌侵占本国者）.

quit
[kwit; kwit] v (-tt-; pt, pp quit or, in British use, 英式英语作 quitted) 1 [I, Tn] go away from (a place); leave 从（某处）离开; 离去: * He got his present job when he quitted/quit the army. 他退伍後得到现在这份工作. * If I don't get a pay rise I'll quit. 若不给我加薪, 我就不干了. * I have received your notice to quit, ie to leave the accommodation I am renting. 我已收到你让我搬家的通知. 2 [Tn, Tg] (infml 口) stop (sth/doing sth) 停止（某事物[做某事物]）: * quit work for five minutes 停止工作五分钟 * Quit fooling around! 别胡闹了! 3 (idm 习语) be quit of sb/sth be rid of sb/sth; be released from the company or addition of sb/sth 摆脱某人[某事物]; 脱离某人[某事物]: * I'd like to be quit of the responsibility. 我很想摆脱这个责任. * You're well quit of him, ie fortunate because he has left. 你可摆脱他了（很幸运, 他已离去）. 派生： quitter n (often derog 常作贬义) person who does not finish a task he has started, esp one that is done as a duty 对工作半途而废的人; （尤指对职责）不善始善终的人: I've asked you to do this for me because I know you're not a quitter. 我要求你为我做这件事, 因为我知道你做事不虎头蛇尾.

quite
[kwait; kwait] adv 1 (not used with a negative 不与否定词连用) (a) (used esp with adjs or advs that refer to a gradable quality 尤与表示程度的形容词或副词连用) to some extent; not very; fairly 达到某种程度; 不很; 相当: * quite big, small, good, cold, warm, interesting, etc 相当大、 小、 好、 冷、 热、 有趣等 * The girl sang quite a long song. 这女孩儿唱了一首很长的歌. * He plays quite well. 他表演得挺不错. * I quite like some opera music. 我颇喜欢某些歌剧乐曲. =>Usage at fairly 用法见fairly. (b) (used as an intensifier with adjs or advs that express an extreme opinion 与表示极度的形容词或副词连用, 以加强语气): * quite awful, delicious, dazzling, amazing, unbelievable, etc 太糟糕、 好吃、 耀眼、 奇妙、 不可置信等 * a quite extraordinary experience 极不平凡的经历 * The view was quite breathtaking. 那景色美极了. * That was quite the nicest meal I've ever had. 那可真是我吃过的最好的一顿饭. * She performed quite brilliantly. 她表演得确实很优美. 2 (used with absolute measures 与表示绝对的词语连用) completely; entirely 完全地; 整体地; 十分地: * quite empty, perfect, unique, flawless, enough 完全空的、 完美的、 独特的、 无瑕的、 充足的 * The theatre was not quite (ie almost) full. 戏院尚未全满. * Cheer up, it's not quite hopeless yet. 振作起来, 并非毫无希望. * Are you sure you're quite satisfied? 你真十分满意吗? * He has quite recovered from his illness. 他已痊愈. * The answer is 62 quite right. 答案是62--完全正确. * I quite agree/understand. 我完全同意[理解]. * talking on the telephonefor quite 2 hours 打电话整整谈了两小时 * `I made myself a cup of tea while I was waiting.’ `Oh don't worry, that's quite all right.’ ‘我等候的时候, 自己沏了一杯茶.’‘噢, 没关系, 当然可以了.’ 3 (used as an interj to express agreement or understanding 用作叹词表示同意或理解):

quite1
* `It's not something we want to have talked about.’`Quite (so).’ ‘那不是我们要谈的事.’‘的确（如此）.’ * `He's bound to feel shaken after his accident.’ `Quite.’ ‘他出事之後一定心有馀悸.’‘不错.’ 4 (idm 习语) quite a `few; quite a `lot (of) a considerable number or amount 相当多: * Quite a few people came to the lecture. 有相当多的人来听讲. * We drank quite a lot of wine. 我们喝了不少葡萄酒. quite a; quite some/sQm; sQm] (approv 褒 esp US) (used to indicate that a person or thing is unusual 用以指某人或物不寻常): * It must be quite some car. 那辆汽车可不比寻常. * We had quite a party. 我们的聚会很不一般. ,quite some/sQm; sQm] `time a considerable length of time 相当长的时间: * It happened quite some time ago. 那是很久以前的事. 派生： quite det 1 (used before a/the + n or before a name, as an intensifier 用於a/the +名词前或用於名字前, 以加强语气): quite a beauty, hero, swimmer 真是个美女、 英雄、 游泳健将 * We found it quite a change when we moved to London. 我们搬到伦敦, 真有天壤之别. * It's not quite the Lake District but the countryside's very pretty. 这儿虽说比不上湖区, 但郊外的景色倒也十分漂亮. 2 (idm 习语) (not) ,quite the (done) `thing (not) that which is considered socially acceptable （不）得体: It wasn't quite the done thing for women to drink in pubs in those days. 那年月女的到酒店喝酒可不成体统. ,quitethe `fashion, `rage, etc extremely popular or fashionable极为流行或时髦: Black leather trousers seem to be quite the rage these days. 近来黑色皮裤似乎风靡一时. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: In British English quite can have different meanings partly depending on the intonation of the sentence. 在英式英语中, quite 一词有时靠句中的语调可表达不同的意思. 1 If quite carries the main stress when used with gradable words (ie those describing qualities which can be of different strengths or degrees) it has a negative meaning such as `not very' 若quite有主要重音, 与之连用的是表示程度的词（即其性质可有强弱或程度差别者）, 则quite有否定含义, 如‘不很’: He's `quite handsome. 他不太漂亮.

quite2
* She played `quite well. 她表演得不怎麽好. 2 If quite receives secondary or no stress the sentence expresses more approval and possibly surprise 如quite有次重音或无重音, 则全句较具褒义, 也可能表示惊奇: I was quite `pleased. 我挺高兴. * I think he's quite `handsome. 我认为他够漂亮的了. 3 When quite is used with aword expressing an absolute quality, it means `completely' and does not usually carry the main stress 若quite与表示绝对的词连用时, 其意为‘完全’, 通常不带主要重音: It was quite `wonderful. 那可太妙了. * She played quite `brilliantly. 她表演得优美极了. But compare 试比较 I ,quite a`gree with you (= I entirely agree with you). 我完全同意你的意见.

quiver
1[5kwivE(r); 5kwivl] v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) tremble slightly or vibrate （使某事物）轻微颤动, 抖动: * The moth quivered its wings. 蛾子抖动着翅膀. * a quivering leaf 颤动着的叶子 * Quivering with rage she slammed the door shut. 她气得浑身发抖, 砰的一声使劲把门关上了. 派生： quiver n quivering sound or movement 颤抖的声音或动作: A quiver of expectancy ran through the audience. 全场引颈以待, 群情鼎沸. * the quiver of an eyelid 眼跳.

quixotic
[kwik'sCtik; kwik'satik] adj noble, unselfish or gallant in an extravagant or impractical way 堂吉诃德式的; 空想而侠义的. > quixotically[-kli; -kli] adv.

quiz
[kwiz; kwiz] n (pl quizzes) competition, esp on TV or radio, in which people try to answer questions to test their knowledge 竞赛, 比赛（尤指电视或电台中人们竞相回答问题以测验其知识者）: * take part in a quiz 参加知识竞赛 * a sports, music, general knowledge, etc quiz 运动、 音乐、 一般知识等的竞赛 * [attrib 作定语] a quiz game/programme/show 问答竞赛[游戏/节目]. 派生： quiz v (-zz-) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (about sb/sth) ask sb questions 问某人问题: She quizzed him all night about the people he'd seen. 她整夜盘问他都见到谁了. 复合： `quiz-master n = question-master (question1).

quizzical
[5kwizikl; 5kwizikl] adj in a questioning manner, esp when amused 疑问的; （尤指）戏弄的, 揶揄的: * with a quizzical smile 带着嘲弄的微笑 * He continued in a quizzical tone. 他以揶揄的声调继续说. > quizzically[-kli; -kli] adv: * She looked at me quizzically. 她疑惑地看着我.

quod
[kwCd; kwad] n [U] (sl 俚 esp Brit) prison (used esp in the expressions shown) 监狱（尤用於以下示例）: * go to quod 进监狱 * in/out of quod 入[出]狱.

quoit
[kCit; - kwCit; kwCit] n (a) [C] ring, made of eg metal, rubber or rope, that is thrown onto an upright peg （掷向桩子用的）环（如用金属、 橡胶、 绳等制成的）. (b) quoits [sing v] game in which this is done, esp when on board a ship 掷环游戏（尤指在船上玩的）: * play deck quoits 在甲板上玩掷环游戏.

quorum
[5kwC:rEm; 5kwCrEm] n (usu sing 通常作单数) minimum number of people who must be present at a meeting (of a committee, etc) before it can proceed and its decisions, etc can be considered valid （会议的）法定人数: * have/form a quorum 具备[构成]法定人数.

quota
[5kwEutE; 5kwotE] n 1 fixed share that must be done or contributed or received 定额; 限额; 配额: * have one's full quota of rations 有自己全份的配给量 * I'm going home now I've done my quota of work for the day. 我现在回家了--我已经完成了今天的工作定额. 2 maximum number or amount of people or things allowed, eg to enter a country （人或事物的）最高限额（如准予入境者）: * Grain imports are controlled by strict quotas. 谷物进口量受最高限额的严格控制.

quotation
[kwEu'teiFn; kwo'teFEn] n 1 [U] quoting or being quoted （对他人语言或文字的）引用, 引述, 引证: * Support your argument by quotation. 引用他人的话来支持你的论点. 2 (also infml 口语作 quote) [C] group of words taken from a book, play, speech, etc and used again, usu by sb other than the original author 语录; 引文; 引用语: * a dictionary of quotations 语录汇编 * She finished her speech with a quotation from Shakespeare. 她讲话结束时引用了莎士比亚的语录. =>App 3 见附录3. 3 [C] (statement of the) current price of stocks or commodities 行情; 牌价: * the latest quotations from the Stock Exchange 股票交易所的最新行情. 4 (also infml 口语作 quote) [C] estimate of the likely cost of a piece of work 估价; 报价: * The insurance company requires three quotations for repairs to the car. 保险公司要叁家修理这辆汽车的报价单. Cf 参看 estimate1 2. 复合： quo`tation-marks (also quotes) n [pl] pair ofpunctuation marks (`’ or ``’’) used at the beginning andend of words that are being quoted 引号（‘’或鐯斤）.=>App 3 见附录3. Cf 参看 inverted commas (invert).

quote
[kwEut; kwot] v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (from sb/sth) repeat in speech or writing (words previously said or written by another person) 引用, 引述, 引证（他人的语言或文字）: * You said (and I quote): * `I have always loved her.’ 你曾说过（我引用你的原话）: * ‘我一直爱着她.’ * He's always quoting verses from the Bible. 他经常引用《圣经》中的章节. * She is quoted as saying she disagrees with the decision. 用她的话说, 她不同意这一决定. * I think he's going to resign, but please don't quote me, ie because I am not sure if it is true. 我想他要辞职了, 可请不要说是我说的（因为我没有把握是否确实）. 2 [Tn, Dn.n] mention (sb/sth) in support of a statement 提到（某人[某事物]）以支持某论点: * Can you quote (me) an example of what you mean? 你能否（给我）举个例子, 以说明你的意思? 3 [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.n] ~ sth (at sth) name (an amount) as the price of sth 报（价）; 开（价）: * The shares are currently being quoted at 54 pence a share. 该股票现在的报价是每股54便士.* This is the best price I can quote you. 这是我给你开出的对你最有利的价钱了. Cf 参看 estimate2 2. 派生： quote n (infml 口) 1 [C] =quotation 2. 2 quotes [pl] =quotation-marks (quotation): His words are in quotes. 他的话是加了引号的. 3 (idm 习语) `quote (...`unquote) (used when speaking to show the beginning (and end) of a passage being quoted, esp when the speaker disagrees with it 用於说话时表示一段引文的开始（和结尾）, 尤指说话人不以为然者): This quote startlingly original novel unquote is both boring and badly written. 这部所谓的‘不同凡响的小说’云云, 内容既枯燥、 文笔又拙劣. 4 (infml 口) = quotation 4. 派生： quotable adj that can be or that deserves to be quoted 可引用的; 值得引用的: full of quotable quotes 充满了值得引用的语录.

quoth
[kwEuW; kwoW] v [Tn] (1st and 3rd person singular past tense only 仅用於过去式单数第1及第3人称) (arch 古) said 说过: * quoth I/he/she 我[他/她]说过.

quotient
[5kwEuFnt; 5kwoFEnt] n (mathematics 数) number obtained when one number is divided by another 商（除数除以被除数的得数）.

qv
[7kju: 'vi:; 7kju 'vi] abbr 缩写 = (fml 文) which may be referred to (Latin quod vide), eg showing a cross-reference 见该项, 参看该条（源自拉丁文quod vide）（如表示相互参看条目）.

R, r
[a:(r); ar] n (pl R's, r's/a:z; arz] ) 1 the eighteenth letter of the English alphabet 英语字母表的第十八个字母: * `Rabbit' begins with (an) R/`R'. rabbit一字是以r字母开始的. 2 (idm 习语) roll one's r's => roll2. the three `R's reading, (w)riting and (a)rithmetic, as the basis of an elementary education 基本叁会（指作为初等教育基础的读、 写、 算）.

RA
[7a:r 'ei; 7ar 'e] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) 1 Royal Academy; Royal Academician 英国皇家艺术学会; 英国皇家艺术学会会员: * George Tophill RA 英国皇家艺术学会会员乔治．托普希尔 * be an RA 为英国皇家艺术学会会员. 2 Royal Artillery 英国皇家炮兵.

rabbi
[5rAbai; 5rAbai] n (pl ~s) (title of a) spiritual leader of a Jewish congregation; teacher of the Jewish law 拉比（犹太教教士及其头衔; 犹太教法学导师）: * the Chief Rabbi, eg of Jewish communities in Britain 首席拉比（例如英国犹太人社区的教会领袖）. 派生： rabbinical/rE'binikl; rE'binikl] adj of rabbis; of Jewish doctrine or law 犹太教教士的; 犹太教教义或法规的.

rabbit
[5rAbit; 5rAbit] n 1 [C] small burrowing animal of the hare family with long ears and a short furry tail 兔; 兔子. =>illus at App 1 见附录 1插图, page iii. Cf 参看 hare. 2 [U] (a) its fur 兔的毛皮: * gloves lined with rabbit 兔毛衬里的手套. (b) its flesh used as meat （食用的）兔肉: * [attrib 作定语] rabbit pie 兔肉馅饼. 3 [C] (Brit infml 口) poor player of a game, esp tennis 竞技活动（尤指网球）的蹩脚运动员. 派生： rabbit v 1 [Ipr, Ip] ~ on (about sb/sth) (infmlderog 口, 贬) talk lengthily or in a rambling and pointless way 冗长地或信口开河、 无针对性地谈: What are you rabbiting on about? 你在胡诌些什麽? 2 [I] (usu 通常作 go rabbiting) hunt rabbits 去猎兔. rabbity adj like a rabbit in appearance, smell or taste （外貌、 气味或味道）像兔子一般的. 复合： `rabbit-hutch n wooden cage for rabbits （木制）兔笼, 兔棚. `rabbit punch sharp blow made with the edge of the hand on the back of sb's neck （用掌边对某人颈背的）重击. `rabbit-warren n (a) area of land full of connected burrows made by wild rabbits 野兔繁殖区（有野兔挖的相接的洞穴）. (b) (fig usu derog 比喻, 通常作贬义) building or district full of narrow winding passages 有许多弯曲狭窄通道的建 物或地方.

rabble
[5rAbl; 5rAbl] n 1 [C] disorderly crowd; mob 乱纷纷的人群; 乌合之众; 暴民. 2 the rabble [sing] (derog 贬) the common people; the lowest social classes 平民百姓; 社会最低阶层: * speeches, etc appealing to the rabble 对民众很有吸引力的讲话等. 复合： `rabble-rouser n person who tries to rouse the passions of the mob, eg for political aims 煽动民众的人（如为达到政治目的）. `rabble-rousing adj, n [U]: a rabble-rousing speaker, speech 作煽动性宣传的演说者、 演说.

Rabelaisian
[7rAbE'leiziEn; 7rAbl'eziEn] adj full ofbawdy humour, in the style of the French writer Rabelais法国幽默讽刺作家拉伯雷风格的; 富有拉伯雷式的粗俗幽默情趣的: * Rabelaisian prose 具有拉伯雷风格的散文.

rabid
[5rAbid; - also 'reibid; 5rAbid, 'rebid] adj 1 suffering from rabies 患狂犬病的: * a rabid dog, fox, etc 发疯的狗、 狐狸等. 2 (fig 比喻) (of feelings or opinions) violent or extreme; fanatical （指情绪或见解）疯狂的, 极端的, 狂热的: * rabid hate, greed, etc 极其愤恨、 贪心等 * a rabid racist 极端的种族主义者.

rabies
[5reibi:z; 5rebiz] n [U] fatal virus disease causing madness in dogs, foxes and other animals, transmitted to humans usu by a bite 狂犬病, 恐水症, 咬病. Cf 参看 hydrophobia.

RAC
[7a:r ei 'si:; 7ar e 'si] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Royal Automobile Club 英国皇家汽车俱乐部.

raccoon
(esp US) (Brit also racoon)[rE'ku:n; - r-; rA'kun] (also US infml 美式口语作 coon) n 1 [C] small N American flesh-eating mammal with a pointed snout and a bushy black-ringed tail 浣熊（北美产的食肉的哺乳动物）. 2 [U] (US) its fur 浣熊的毛皮.

race
1[reis; res] n 1 ~ (against/with sb/sth); ~ (between A and B) (a) [C] contest of speed between runners, horses, vehicles, etc to see which reaches a certain place first, or does sth first （人、 马、 车等的）速度竞赛: * a `horse-race 赛马 * a `boat-race 划船比赛 * a half-`mile race 半英里赛跑 * run a race with sb 同某人赛跑 * We had a race (ie a great hurry) to repair the house before winter. 我们争取在冬季到来以前修好房子. (b) the races [pl] =race-meeting: * a day at the races 赛马大会的一天. =>Usage at sport 用法见sport. 2 competition or rivalry 比赛; 竞争: * the race for the presidency 总统竞选. 3 [C] strong fast current of water in a river, the sea, etc （河、 海等的）急流: * a tidal race 潮汐引起的急流 * a `mill-race, ie a channel taking water to the wheel of a water-mill 磨坊水磨的进水槽. 4 (idm 习语) a ,race against `time desperate effort to do or finish sth before a certain time 和时间赛跑: * It was a race against time to stop people dying from starvation. 为抢救那些即将饿死的人而分秒必争. the rat race => rat. 复合： `racecard n programme of the races, times and runners at a race-meeting 赛马项目单. `racecourse n (esp Brit) (US usu 美式英语通常作 `race-track) ground where horse-races are run 赛马跑道; 赛马场. `racegoer n person who regularly attends horse-races 经常观看赛马的人. `racehorse n horse bred or kept to run in races 赛马用的马. `race-meeting n (Brit) series of horse-races at one course held at fixed times on one or several days （一天或几天中时间固定的）赛马大会. `race-track n 1 (usu oval) track, esp for vehicle races （通常为椭圆形的）跑道（尤指赛车的）. 2 (US) = racecourse.

raceme
[5rAsi:m, also rE'si:m; - rei-; re'sim] n (botany 植) flower cluster having separate flowers on stalks evenly spaced along a central stem, with the lower flowers opening first (as in lupins, hyacinths, etc) 总状花序, 串状花（如羽扇豆属植物、 风信子等的花序）.

racial
[5reiFl; 5reFEl] adj characteristic of race3(1a); due to or resulting from race 人种的; 种族的; 由种族引起的: * a racial feature, type, difference, etc 人种特徵、 类型、 差异等 * racial conflict, harmony, hatred, pride 种族冲突、 和睦、 仇恨、 优越感 * racial discrimination 种族歧视. 派生： racialism[-FElizEm; -FEl7izEm] (also racism) n [U] 1 belief that human abilities, etc depend on race and that some races are superior to others 种族主义; 种族偏见; 种族优越感. 2 (aggressive behaviour, speech, etc showing) hostility between races 种族仇视; 表现种族仇视的挑 行为、 讲话等. racialist[-FElist; -FElist] (also racist) n, adj (of or like a) believer in racialism, esp one who is hostile to races thought to be inferior 种族主义者; （似）种族主义的: * a racialist theory, book, speech 宣扬种族主义的理论、 书、 讲话. racially[-FEli; -FEli] adv: * a racially diverse community 多种族的社区.

racily
=> racy.

raciness
=> racy.

racism
[5reisizEm; 5resizEm] n [U] =racialism. > racist[5reisist; 5resist] n, adj =racialist.

rack
1[rAk; rAk] n 1 (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) framework, usu with bars or pegs, for holding things or for hanging things on （放东西或挂东西用的）架子: * a `plate-rack 盘碟架 * a `wine-rack, ie for holding wine bottles 酒瓶架 * a `toast-rack 面包片架 * a `hat-rack 帽架. 2 type of shelf for light luggage, coats, etc over the seats of a bus, train, plane, etc （公共汽车、 火车、 飞机等座位上方放置轻便行李、 衣物等的）行李架: * a `luggage-rack 行李架. 3 rod, bar or rail with teeth or cogs, into which those of a wheel, gear, etc fit 齿条; 齿板; 齿轨: * a `steering rack, eg on a cable car 转向齿条（如缆车上的）. Cf 参看 pinion2. 复合： `rack-railway (also esp US cog-railway) n railway that has a cogged central rail with which a cogged wheel on the train engages to drive the train up a steep slope 齿轨铁道（设有带齿的中轨, 与列车带齿的车轮啮合, 将列车送上陡坡）.

racket
1 (also racquet)[5rAkit; 5rAkit] n 1 [C] bat with a round or oval stringed frame, used for hitting the ball in tennis, badminton, etc （网球、 羽毛球等的）球拍. =>illus at squash, tennis 见squash、 tennis插图. 2 rackets (also racquets) [sing v] ball-game for two or four people played with rackets and a small hard ball in a four-walled court 墙网球（二人或四人玩的球戏, 使用球拍和一质硬小球, 场地四面有围墙）: * [attrib 作定语] a rackets court, ball, match 墙网球的球场、 球、 比赛. Cf 参看 squash n 3. 复合： `racket-press n frame worked by a spring, used for holding a racket tightly when not in use, to prevent warping, etc 球拍夹（有弹簧的架框, 用以保存球拍）.

raconteur
[7rAkCn'tE:(r); 7rAkan'tE] n person who tells stories skilfully and wittily 善於讲故事的人: * She's a brilliant raconteur. 她是讲故事的高手.

racoon
=raccoon.

racy
[5reisi; 5resi] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 (of speech, writing, etc) lively or spirited; vivid （指语言、 文字等）生动的, 活泼的, 有活力的: * a racy account of his adventures 对他冒险经历的生动叙述. 2 (infml 口) slightly improper or indecent 有失体统的; 不雅的: * Her racy stories can be rather shocking. 她那些下流的故事讲起来有时很让人吃惊. 3 strong and distinctive in flavour 味浓而富有特色的: * a racy wine 醇厚的酒. > racily[-ili; -ili] adv. raciness n [U].

RADA
[5ra:dE; 5radE] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Royal Academy of Dramatic Art 英国皇家戏剧艺术学院: * a student at RADA 英国皇家戏剧艺术学院的学生.

radar
[5reida:(r); 5redar] n [U] (a) system for detecting the presence, position or movement of solid objects within its range by sending out short radio waves which they reflect 雷达: * locate an aircraft by radar 用雷达测定一飞机的位置. (b) equipment used for this 雷达装置: * Enemy ships were detected on the radar (screen). 敌舰的影像已显现在雷达（屏幕）上. * [attrib 作定语] a radar operator, installation, scanner 雷达手、 设备、 扫描天线. Cf 参看 sonar. 复合： `radar trap (also `speed trap) section of road where the police use a radar device to detect vehicles travelling faster than the speed limit 雷达监测路段（警方用雷达装置监测超速车辆的路段）.

radial
[5reidiEl; 5rediEl] adj of or arranged like rays or radii; having bars, lines, etc that radiate from a central point 放射（式）的; 辐射（状）的; 径向的; 星形的: * radial spokes, eg in a bicycle wheel 径向辐（如自行车的辐条） * a radial engine, ie one with cylinders pointing outwards from a central crankshaft 星形发动机. 派生： radial n (also radial-ply tyre) tyre with the cords in its outer casing arranged radially to the hub of the wheel, so making it stronger and able to grip better on wet road surfaces 径向 布轮胎; 子午（线轮）胎; 辐射状轮胎. Cf 参看 cross-ply. radially[-iEli; -iEli] adv.

radiant
[5reidiEnt; 5rediEnt] adj 1 [attrib 作定语] sending out rays of light; shining brightly 光芒四射的; 光辉灿烂的: * the radiant sun 光辉灿烂的太阳. 2 ~ (with sth) (of a person, his eyes, look, etc) bright with joy, hope or love （指人、 人的眼睛、 面容等）容光焕发的; 喜形於色的: * a radiant face, smile 容光焕发的脸、 喜气洋洋的微笑 * radiant beauty 解颐美人 * She was radiant with joy at her wedding. 她在举行婚礼时喜气洋洋. * You look absolutely radiant! 你看上去真是满面春风! 3 (physics 物) [attrib 作定语] (a) transmitting heat or energy by radiation 发出辐射热或能的: * a radiant heater 辐射加热器. (b) (of heat or energy) transmitted by radiation （指热或能）辐射的. 派生： radiance[-Ens; -Ens] n [U] quality of being radiant(1, 2) 发光; 灿烂; 容光焕发. radiantly adv: smiling radiantly 喜笑颜开.

radiate
[5reidieit; 5redi7et] v 1 (a) [Tn] send out rays of (light or heat) 发出（光或热）: * a stove that radiates warmth 发出热量的火炉. (b) [Ipr] ~ from sth (of light or heat) be sent out from sth by radiation （指光或热）从某物中发出: * warmth radiating from the stove 从火炉中散发出来的热量. 2 (a) [Tn] (fig 比喻) (of a person) give forth a feeling of (sth) （指人）显露（某种神情或样子）: * radiating confidence, enthusiasm, health, etc 显示出信心、 热情、 健康等. (b) [Ipr] ~ from sb/sth (fig 比喻) (of a feeling) be given forth by sb/sb's eyes, etc （指感情）自某人[某人的眼睛]等处流露出来. 3 (of lines, etc) spread out like radii from a central point （指线路等）自中心向各方伸展: * Five roads radiate from this roundabout. 有五条道路以这个环状交叉路为中心向各方伸展开.

radiation
[7reidi'eiFn; 7redi'eFEn] n 1 [U] (a) (the sending out of) heat, energy, etc in the form of rays （热、 能等的）放射; 辐射的热、 能等: * a combination of radiation and convection, eg in a gas fire 辐射和对流的结合（如在煤气炉中）. (b) (the sending out of) rays and atomic particles from radioactive substances （自放射性物质中放射出的）射线和原子粒子; 放射; 放射现象: * a low/high level of radiation 低[高]强度辐射 * [attrib 作定语] Some cancers are treated by radiation therapy. 有些癌症可用放射疗法治疗. 2 [C] thing that is radiated, esp radioactive particles 放射物; （尤指）放射性微粒, 放射线: * radiations emitted by an X-ray machine X射线机放射出来的放射线. 复合： radi`ation sickness illness caused when the body is exposed to high radiation, eg from radioactive material or X-rays 放射病; 辐射病.

radiator
[5reidieitE(r); 5redi7etl] n 1 apparatus for radiating heat into rooms, etc, esp a metal casing through which hot water or steam is circulated （取暖用的）散热器; （尤指以热水或蒸汽循环供热的）暖气装置. 2 device for cooling the engine of a vehicle or an aircraft （车辆或飞机之发动机的）冷却器: * This car has a fan-cooled radiator. 这辆汽车有一个风扇冷却器. =>illus at App 1 见附录 1插图, page xii.

radical
[5rAdikl; 5rAdikl] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] 1 of or from the root or base; fundamental 根本的; 基本的: * a radical flaw, error, fault, etc in the system 制度中的基本缺陷、 错误、 缺点等. 2 thorough or complete; drastic 彻底的; 完全的; 激烈的: * radical reforms, changes, etc 彻底的改革、 改变等. 3 favouring thorough political or social reform; holding extreme views 赞成实行彻底的政治或社会改革的; 持激进观点的: * a radical politician, thinker, writer, etc 思想激进的政治家、 思想家、 作家等 * She is radical in her demands. 她的要求十分偏激. 派生： radical n 1 person with radical(3) opinions 激进分子. 2 (mathematics 数) quantity forming or expressed as the root of another 根数; 根式; 根号. 3 (chemistry 化) group of atoms forming part of a compound and not changing during chemical reactions 基; 根; 原子团. radicalism[-kElizEm; -klizm] n [U] (belief in) radical(3) ideas and principles 激进主义; 激进的思想和原则. radically[-kli; -kli] adv: * radically altered, improved, etc 根本地改变、 改善等.

radicle
[5rAdikl; 5rAdikl] n part of a plant embryo that develops into the main root 幼根; 胚根.

radii
pl of radius.

radio
carbon

radio1
,radio-con`trolled adj controlled from a distance by radio signals 由无线电控制的: a ,radio-controlled `taxi 由无线电控制的计程车. ,radio-`frequency n frequency of electromagnetic waves used in radio and TV transmission, between 10kilocycles per second and 3000000 megacycles per second射频, 无线电频率（无线电传递和电视发送所用电磁波的频率, 其范围从每秒10千周到3000000兆周之间）. `radiogram n 1 telegram sent by radio 无线电报. 2 (Brit) (esp formerly) combined radio and record player （尤指旧时）收音电唱两用机. ,radio `telescope apparatus for finding stars, tracking spacecraft, etc by means of radio waves from outer space 射电望远镜（藉来自外层空间的无线电波发现星体、 追踪宇宙飞船等）.

radioactive
[7reidiEu'Aktiv; 7redio'Aktiv] adj having atoms that break up and send out radiation which canpenetrate opaque bodies and sometimes produce harmfulelectrical effects 放射性的; 有辐射能的: * Radium and uranium are radioactive elements. 镭和铀是放射性元素. * ,radioactive `fall-out, ie dust carried by winds around the earth after a nuclear explosion, etc 放射性微粒回降（核爆炸等之後放射性尘埃随风散落到地面） * radioactive waste, ie waste material from nuclear power-stations, etc 放射性废料（核电站等产生的核废料）. > radioactivity[7reidiEuAk'tivEti; 5redi7oAk'tivEti] n [U].

radiograph
[5reidiEugra:f; - -grAf; 5rediE7grAf] n = X-ray 2. 派生： radiographer[7reidi'CgrEfE(r); 7redi'agrEfl] n person who takes radiographs X射线摄影师. radiography[7reidi'CgrEfi; 7redi'agrEfi] n [U] production of X-ray photographs X射线照相（术）.

radioisotope
[7reidiEu'aisEtEup; 7redio'aisE7top] n radioactive form of an element, used in medicine, industry, etc to study the path and speed of substances through bodies and objects 放射性同位素.

radiology
[7reidi'ClEdVi; 7redi'alEdVi] n [U] scientific study of X-rays and other radiation, esp as used in medicine 放射学（尤指用於医学的）. 派生： radiologist[7reidi'ClEdVist; 7redi'alEdVist] n expert in radiology 放射学家.

radish
[5rAdiF; 5rAdiF] n (a) plant with a crisp hot-tasting root 萝卜. (b) this root, eaten raw in salads 萝卜（於色拉中生吃的）: * bunches of radishes 成捆的萝卜.

radium
[5reidiEm; 5rediEm] n [U] chemical element, a shining white radioactive metal used in the treatment of some diseases, eg cancer 镭: * [attrib 作定语] radium therapy 镭疗法. =>App 10 见附录10.

radius
[5reidiEs; 5rediEs] n (pl -dii[-diai; -di7ai] ) 1 (length of a) straight line from the centre of a circle or sphere to any point on its circumference or surface 半径（距离）. =>App 5 见附录 5. =>illus at circle 见circle插图. 2 circular area measured by its radius 用半径度量的圆形面积; 半径范围: * Police searched all the woods within a six-mile radius/within a radius of six miles. 警方搜索了在周围六英里以内的树林各处. 3 (anatomy 解) outer shorter bone in the human forearm; corresponding bone in an animal's foreleg or a bird's wing （人与兽的）桡骨; 鸟翼中相当於桡骨的骨. =>illus at skeleton 见skeleton插图. Cf 参看 ulna.

radon
[5reidCn; 5redan] n [U] chemical element, a radioactive gas produced by the decay of radium 氡. =>App 10 见附录10.

RAF
[ 9B:r eI 5ef, or, in infml use, 俗读作 rf; 9Br e `Zf, rAf] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Royal Air Force 皇家空军.

raffia
[5rAfiE; 5rAfiE] n [U] soft fibre from the leaves of a type of palm-tree, used for tying up plants, weaving table-mats, etc 酒椰叶纤维（由酒椰棕榈树叶制成, 质软, 用於捆扎植物、 编织桌席等）.

raffish
[5rAfiF; 5rAfiF] adj (esp of men, their appearance or behaviour) flashy or slightly disreputable; rakish （尤指男子、 其外表或行为）花里胡哨的, 有失体面的, 放荡不羁的: * He was drinking cheap champagne with a raffish air. 他喝着廉价的香槟酒, 样子十分放荡. > raffishly adv. raffishness n [U].

raffle
[5rAfl; 5rAfl] n lottery (esp for charity) with an article as the prize 抽彩（尤指为慈善捐款）: * win a video in a raffle 在抽彩中得了一台录像机 * [attrib 作定语] a raffle ticket 抽彩的彩券. Cf 参看 draw1 1. 派生： raffle v [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (off) offer (goods) as a prize in a raffle 在抽彩中奖给（货物）.

raft
1[ra:ft; - rAft; rAft] n (a) flat floating structure of logs, barrels, etc tied together, used esp as a substitute for a boat 筏; 筏子: * shipwrecked sailors on a makeshift raft 在临时代用的筏子上的遇难船员. (b) number of logs tied together to be floated down a river 木排. 派生： raft v (a) [Tn.pr, Tn.p] carry (people or goods) on a raft 用筏子载运（人或货物）: raft people across/over/up/down (a river) 用筏子载运人过河[到对岸/逆流而上/顺流而下]. (b) [Ipr, Ip] cross a river, etc on a raft 乘筏过河等.

rafter
[5ra:ftE(r); - 'rAf-; 5rAftl] n any of the parallel sloping beams supporting the tiles, slates, etc of a roof 椽: * hams hanging from the rafters, eg in an old inn 悬挂在椽子上的火腿（如在昔时酒店所见）. 派生： raftered[5ra:ftEd; - 'rAf-; 5rAftld] adj having rafters, esp ones that are exposed, eg because there is no ceiling 有椽的; （尤指）椽暴露在外面的（如因无天花板）.

rag
1[rAg; rAg] n 1 [C, U] odd (scrap of) cloth, usu torn, frayed, etc 碎布（通常指撕碎、 磨破的）: * I use an oily rag to clean my bike with. 我用沾满油污的碎布擦我的自行车. * Instead of a handkerchief he had an old (piece of) rag. 他拿一块旧布当作手绢用. * [attrib 作定语] a rag doll, ie one stuffed with rags 碎布娃娃（以碎布做填塞物的）. 2 rags [pl] (a) old, worn or torn clothes 破旧衣服: * a tramp dressed in rags and tatters 衣衫褴褛的流浪汉 * trade in rags and waste paper 做破旧衣服和废纸生意. (b) pieces of waste cloth used to make good quality paper 用以制造优质纸的废旧布片: * [attrib 作定语] `rag paper （以破布做原料的）优质纸. 3 [C] (infml usu derog 口, 通常作贬义) newspaper or journal 报纸; 杂志: * I read it in the local rag. 我从本地的报纸上看到了这条消息. 4 (idm 习语) chew the fat/rag => chew. from ,rags to `riches from extreme poverty to wealth 从赤贫到巨富: * [attrib 作定语] Hers was a rags-to-riches story. 她的经历可谓白手起家. glad rags => glad. like a wet rag => wet. lose one's rag => lose. a red rag to a bull => red1. 复合： rag-and-`bone man (Brit) person who goes round buying and selling old clothes, discarded furniture, etc 四处买卖旧衣物、 废弃家具等的人. `rag-bag n 1 [C] bag in which scraps of fabric are kept, eg to mend clothes 存放碎布的袋子（如供修补衣物用的）. 2 [sing] (fig 比喻) confused assortment; hotchpotch杂七杂八的东西; 杂凑: a rag-bag of strange ideas, theories, etc 奇思、 怪论等的大杂烩. the `rag trade (infml 口) business of designing, making and selling (esp women's) clothes 设计、 制造和销售服装的行业（尤指女装）: go into the rag trade 从事服装业.

ragamuffin
[5rAgEmQfin; 5rAgE7mQfin] n person, esp a small boy, in dirty untidy clothes 衣衫褴褛的人（尤指小男孩）.

rage
[reidV; redV] n 1 [U, C] (a) (fit of) violent anger （一阵）狂怒; 盛怒（之爆发）: * trembling with rage 气得直哆嗦 * white/livid with rage 气得脸色发白[发青] * be in/fly into a (towering) rage 勃然大怒 * Her rages don't last long. 她发脾气很快就消气. (b) (fig 比喻) (instance of) violence in nature 大自然的狂暴: * The storm's rage continued. 暴风雨肆虐不已. 2 (idm 习语) all the fashion/rage => fashion. 派生： rage v 1 (a) [I, Ipr] ~ (at/against sb/sth) show violent anger 大发脾气; 动怒: He raged against me for disagreeing. 他因我有异议对我大发雷霆. * I raged for hours at the decision. 我对这个决定几小时怒不可遏. (b) [I] (of storms, fires, battles, etc) continue violently （指暴风雨、 火势、 战斗等）猛烈地继续下去. 2 [I, Ipr] (esp of illnesses) spread rapidly （尤指疾病）迅速蔓延: A flu epidemic raged through the school for weeks. 流感在这所学校里蔓延了几个星期. raging adj [attrib 作定语] extreme or painful 极端的; 痛苦的: raging hunger, thirst, passion 极其饿、 渴、 热情 * have a raging headache, toothache, etc 头痛、 牙痛...已极.

ragged
[5rAgid; 5rAgid] adj 1 (a) (of clothes) badly worn or in rags; tattered （指衣服）破旧的; 褴褛的: * a ragged coat, suit, etc 破旧的大衣、 西服等 * His sleeves were ragged at the cuffs. 他的袖口磨破了. (b) (of people) wearing badly worn or torn clothes （指人）衣衫褴褛的: * a ragged old man 衣衫褴褛的老人. 2 (fig 比喻) having an uneven outline, edge or surface; jagged （外形）不规则的; （边缘）锯齿状的; （表面）凹凸不平的: * the ragged profile of the cliffs 参差不齐的峭壁 * ragged clouds driven by the wind 被风吹散的残云. 3 (fig 比喻) lacking smoothness or uniformity; imperfect 不流畅的;不一致的; 不完美的: * The choir gave a ragged performance,ie The singers were not following the conductor. 合唱队演唱得很不和谐（歌唱者不听从指挥）. * A ragged shout went up from the small crowd. 这一小群人发出了刺耳的喊叫. > raggedly adv. raggedness n [U].

raglan
[5rAglEn; 5rAglEn] n, adj [attrib 作定语] (a) (sleeve) that is joined to the body of a garment by sloping seams from the armpit to the neckline 插肩的（袖子）. (b) (coat, sweater, etc) having sleeves of this kind 插肩袖的（大衣、 毛衣等）.

ragout
[5rAgu:; - rA'gu:; rA'gu] n [C, U] (dish of) meat and vegetable stew （一道）蔬菜炖肉.

ragtag
[5rAgtAg; 5rAg7tAg] n (idm 习语) ,ragtag and `bobtail disreputable people; riff-raff 声名狼藉之辈; 流氓.

ragtime
[5rAgtaim; 5rAg7taim] n [U] type of popular 1920's jazz music first played by Blacks in the US, in which the beat of the melody just precedes the beat of the accompaniment 雷格泰姆音乐（二十世纪二十年代流行的美国黑人爵士音乐）: * [attrib 作定语] a ,ragtime `band 演奏雷格泰姆音乐的乐队.

ragweed
[5rAgwi:d; 5rAg7wid] n [U, C] N American weed producing large amounts of pollen which causes hay fever 豚草（产於北美, 其花粉能使人患枯草热）.

ragwort
[5rAgwE:t; 5rAg7wEt] n [C, U] wild plant with yellow daisy-like flowers and ragged leaves 千里光（野生植物, 开黄花似雏菊, 叶呈不规则齿形）.

raid
[reid; red] n ~ (on sth) 1 sudden surprise attack and withdrawal by troops, ships or aircraft （部队、 舰艇或飞机的）突袭, 突击: * make/launch a bombing raid (ie by aircraft) on enemy bases 对敌方基地进行突然的空袭. 2 sudden surprise attack in order to steal or do harm （突如其来的）抢劫, 行凶: * an armed raid 持械抢劫 * A security guard was killed in the bank raid. 这次银行劫案中有一名保安员遇害. 3 sudden surprise visit by the police, etc, eg to arrest people or seize illicit goods （警方等的）突然搜查或搜捕（如为捕人或搜寻违禁品）: * carry out a dawn raid 破晓时进行的搜捕 * a police drugs raid 警方进行的毒品搜查. 4 (finance 财) attempt by a group of people to lower eg share prices by selling at the same time （为使价格如股价下跌）集体抛售. 派生： raid v [Tn] make a raid on (a place) 对（某处）进行突然袭击、 抢劫或搜查: Customs men raided the house. 海关人员突然搜查了这所房子. * (fig 比喻) raid the larder, ie take food from it, usu between meals 翻柜橱找吃的（通常指两顿饭之间） * boys raiding an orchard, ieto steal fruit 在果园里偷水果的男孩子. raider n person, ship, aircraft, etc that makes a raid 进行袭击、 抢劫或搜捕的人; 进行突袭的舰艇、 飞机等.

rail
1[reil; rel] n 1 [C] (a) level or sloping bar or connected series of bars of wood or metal, eg forming part of a fence, the top of a banister, a protective barrier, etc （护栏等的）横条, 横挡, 扶手: * wooden rails in front of an altar 祭坛前的木栏杆 * the horses on the rails, ie those on the inside curve of a racecourse 挨近围栏的马（在跑道内圈一侧的） * Hold the `handrail for safety, eg while descending steps. 抓住扶手以防 倒（如下楼时）. * leaning on the ship's (guard-)rail looking out to sea 倚着船上的护栏眺望大海. (b) level bar fixed to a wall for hanging things on （固定在墙上用来挂东西的）横杆: * a `towel-rail, eg beside a wash-basin 挂毛巾的横杆（如脸盆旁的） * a `curtain rail 窗 横杆. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xvi. 2 (a) [C esp pl 尤作复数] steel bar or continuous line of steel bars fixed to the ground as one side of a track for trains or trams 铁轨; 轨道. =>illus at flange 见flange插图. (b) [U, often attrib 常作定语] railways as a means of transport 铁路（交通）; 铁路运输: * a rail strike 铁路员工罢工 * rail travel, freight, etc 乘火车的旅行、 铁路货运 * send sth by rail 由铁路运输某物 * British Rail 英国铁路. 3 (idm 习语) free on board/rail => free1. go off the `rails (Brit infml 口) (a) become disorganized or out of control 陷於混乱; 失去控制: * Our schedule went completely off the rails during the strike. 我们的预定计画在罢工期间完全被打乱了. (b) become mad or crazy 发疯; 发狂. jump the rails/track => jump2. 派生： rail v (phr v) rail sth in/off surround or separate sth with rails 用栏杆围住或隔开某物: rail off a field (from a road) 用栏杆把场地（与道路）隔开 * The winners' enclosure was railed in. 授奖区有栏杆围着. 复合： `railhead n (a) furthest point reached by a railway that is being built 修建中的铁路已到达的最远点.

rail1
(b) point on a railway at which road transport begins or ends 铁路运输的起点或终点. `railroad n (US) railway 铁路. v (phr v) railroad sb into (doing) sth (infml 口) force sb to do sth 强迫某人做某事: I won't be railroaded into buying a car I don't want! 谁也不能强迫我购买我根本不想要的汽车! railroad sth through (sth) (infml 口) get sth passed, accepted, etc quickly by applying pressure 施加压力促使某事物迅速通过、 获准等: railroad a bill through Congress 强使法案在国会中迅速通过.

railing
[5reiliN; 5reliN] n (often pl 常作复数) fence or barrier made of rails (rail1 1a), supported by upright bars （有立柱支撑的）横条的栏杆、 栅栏或扶手.

raillery
[5reilEri; 5relEri] n [U] good-humoured mockery or ridicule 善意的嘲讽或揶揄.

railway
[5reilwei; 5rel7we] (US railroad) n 1 track with rails (rail1 2a) for trains to run on 铁路; 铁道: * railways under construction 修建中的铁路. 2 (often pl 常作复数) system of such tracks, together with the trains, etc running on them, and the organization and people needed for their operation 铁路系统; 铁路部门: * work on/for the railway(s) 在铁路部门工作 * a network of railways run by the state 国营铁路网 * [attrib 作定语] a railway station, carriage, engineer 火车站、 火车车厢、 铁路工程师. 复合： `railwayman[-mEn; -mEn] n (pl -men/ -mEn; -mEn/) man who works for a railway company 铁路员工.

raiment
[5reimEnt; 5remEnt] n [U] (arch 古) clothing 衣物.

rain
1[rein; ren] n 1 [U] condensed moisture of the atmosphere falling as separate drops; fall of these drops 雨; 下雨: * heavy/light rain 大[小]雨 * Don't go out in the rain. 不要冒着雨出去. * Come in out of the rain. 快进来, 别让雨淋着. * It looks like (ie as if there will be a fall of) rain. 像是要下雨了. 2 the rains [pl] season of heavy continuous rain in tropical countries （热带地区 的）雨季: * The rains come in September. 雨季於九月到来. 3 [sing] (preceded by an adj 用於形容词之後) shower of rain of the specified type 某种类型的雨: * There was a heavy rain during the night. 夜间下了一场大雨. 4 [sing] ~ of sth (esp fig 尤作比喻) great number of things falling like rain 像雨点般降落的东西: * a rain of arrows, bullets, etc 箭、 子弹等如雨点一般 * a rain of ashes, eg from a volcano 如雨点般落下的灰尘（如从火山口中喷出者）. 5 (idm 习语) come ,rain, come `shine; (come) ,rain or `shine whether there is rain or sunshine; whatever happens 不论晴雨; 不管发生什麽事情: * The fete will take place on Sunday, rain or shine. 游园义卖会定於星期日举行, 风雨无阻. right as rain => right. > rainless adj: * a rainless day 无雨天. 复合： rainbow[5reinbEu; 5ren7bo] n arch containing the colours of the spectrum, formed in the sky when the sun shines through rain or spray 虹; 彩虹: * silks dyed in all (the) colours of the rainbow 染成彩虹那样七种颜色的丝绸服装. `rainbow trout black-spotted trout with two reddish bands from nose to tail 虹鳟鱼（身上有黑点, 从鼻到尾有两条红线）. `rain-check n (US) 1 ticket for later use when a match, show, etc is cancelled because of rain （比赛、 表演等）因雨延期有效票. 2 (idm 习语) take a rain-check (on sth) (infml 口) decline an offer, etc but promise to accept it later 谢绝一项好意, 但答应日後接受: Thanks for the invitation, but I'll have to take a rain-check on it. 你的邀请我心领了, 感谢盛意改日一定践约.

rain1
`raincoat n light waterproof or water-resistant coat 雨衣. `raindrop n single drop of rain 雨点. `rainfall n [U] total amount of rain falling within a given area in a given time 降雨量: an annual rainfall of 10 cm 年降雨量10厘米. =>App 4 见附录4. `rain forest thick evergreen forest in tropical regions with heavy rainfall 雨林（热带地区多雨的茂密常绿森林）. `rain-gauge n instrument for measuring rainfall 雨量计. `rainproof adj that can keep rain out 防雨的: a rainproof jacket 防雨短上衣. `rain-water n soft water that has fallen as rain, eg not taken from wells, etc 雨水（软水, 如并非井水等）.

rainy
[5reini; 5reni] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 (of a day, period, etc) on or in which much rain falls; (of sky, weather, etc) bringing much rain （指某日、 某段时间等）多雨的; （指天空、 天气等）下雨的: * a rainy afternoon, month, etc 多雨的下午、 月份等 * the `rainy season 雨季 * a rainy climate, sky 多雨的气候、 雨中阴沉的天空. 2 (idm 习语) save, keep, etc sth for a ,rainy `day save (esp money) for a time when one may need it 节省（尤指金钱）以备不时之需; 未雨绸缪.

raise
[reiz; rez] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (a) lift or move (sth) to a higher level; cause to rise 举起, 升起, 提起, 抬起（某物）: * raise one's hand 举手 * He raised his eyes from his work. 他停下工作举目观看. * raise a sunken ship (up) to the surface 把沉船打捞出水面 * raise one's hat to sb, ie as a sign of respect 向某人举帽致敬. (b) move (sth/sb) to an upright position 竖起, 立起, 扶起（某物[某人]）: * raise a man from his knees 把跪着的男子搀起来 * We raised the fence and fixed it in position. 我们把篱笆竖立起来并固定住. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sth) increase the amount or volume or heighten the level of sth 增加某物之数量或容量; 提高某事物的水平: * raise salaries, prices, profits, etc 增加薪水、 提高价格、 加大利润 * He raised his offer to 500. 他把出价提高到500英镑. * raise one's voice, ie speak more loudly 提高嗓门 * raise the temperature to 80 使温度升高到80 * raise standards of service 提高服务水平 * raise sb's hopes, ie make sb more hopeful 点燃某人的希望.3 [Tn] cause (sth) to arise or appear 引起, 激起（某事物）; 使（某事物）产生或出现: * raise doubts, fears, suspicions, etc in people's minds 引起人们的怀疑、 恐惧、 猜疑等 * The horses' hooves raised a cloud of dust. 马蹄扬起了一片尘土. * raise the spirits of the dead 使死者显灵 * The dirty joke raised a blush on her cheek. 这个下流笑话羞得她脸通红. 4 [Tn] (a) cause (sth) to be heard 使（某事）尽人皆知: * raise a commotion, fuss, protest, stink, etc 搞出骚乱、 纷扰、 抗议、 纠纷等 * raise the alarm/alert 发出警报 * The retort raised a cheer in support of the speaker. 发言人这一反驳博得了一片支持的欢呼声. (b) bring (sth) up for discussion or attention; put forward 将（某事物）提出讨论或引起注意: * The book raises many important issues (for our consideration). 该书提出了许多重要问题（值得考虑）.

raise1
* I'm glad you raised that point. 你能把那一点指出来, 我感到很高兴. 5 [Tn] bring or collect (sth) together; manage to obtain 召集或集结（某事物）; 筹措: * raise an army 招募军队 * raise a loan, a subscription, etc 借款、 募捐 * raise funds for charity, eg by holding a bazaar 筹集慈善基金（如藉助於举行义卖活动） * a fund-raising event 筹款活动. 6 [Tn] (a) (esp US) bring up (a child, etc) 养育（孩子等）: * I was raised by my aunt on a farm. 我是在农场由姨妈抚养大的. * It's difficult raising a family on a small income. 依靠微薄的收入是很难养家的. (b) breed (farm animals); grow or produce (crops) 饲养（家畜）; 种植或生产（作物）. Cf 参看 rear2. 7 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sb/sth) build or erect (a monument, statue, etc) 建造或树立（纪念碑、 雕像等）: * raise a memorial to those killed in war 立碑纪念战争中的死难者. 8 [Tn] end (a siege, etc) 解除（包围等）: * raise a blockade, a ban, an embargo 解除封锁、 禁令、 禁运. 9 [Tn] (infml 口) get in contact with (sb); find (sth) 与（某人）接触; 与（某人）建立联系; 找到（某人）: * I can't raise her on the phone. 我打电话找不到她. * I've been trying to raise this spare part everywhere. 我一直在到处寻找, 想弄到这种备件. 10 [Tn] (in card-games, esp poker) bet more than (another player) （纸牌戏, 尤指扑克牌戏中）下赌注超过（对手）: * I'll raise you! 我超过你（的赌注）! 11 (idm 习语) kick up/raise a dust => dust1. lift/raise a finger/hand => lift. raise `Cain/`hell/the `roof (infml 口) be very angry; cause an uproar 大怒; 大吵大闹: * He raised Cain when he found he had been cheated. 他发觉受骗而勃然大怒. raise one's `eyebrows (at sth) (esp passive 尤用於被动语态) show disdain or surprise 表示轻蔑或惊讶: * Eyebrows were raised/There were many raised eyebrows when he shaved all his hair off. 他把头发剃光了, 人人见了都大吃一惊. raise one's glass (to sb) drink a toast (to sb) 向（某人）祝酒. raise sb's hackles => hackles. raise/start a hare => hare. raise a `laugh/`smile amuse people enough to make them laugh/smile 逗得人大笑[发笑]. raise/lower one's sights => sight1. raise sb's `spirits make sb feel more cheerful or brave 使某人感到振奋或受到鼓舞; 鼓起某人的勇气:

raise2
* My win at chess raised my spirits a little. 我赢了这盘国际象棋才打起了一点精神. raise the `temperature increase tension, hostility, etc 加剧紧张气氛、 敌对情绪等: * This insult raised the temperature of the discussion. 这种侮辱的言语使讨论的气氛顿时紧张起来. raise one's voice a`gainst sb/sth speak firmly and boldly against sb/sth 坚决而勇敢地发言反对某人[某事物]. 派生： raise n (US) =rise1 3: get a raise of 200 获得加薪200英镑. -raiser (forming compound ns 用以构成复合名词) person or thing that raises (raise 5) 进行召集或筹措的人或事物: a `curtain-raiser, ie a short play before the main one * `fire-raisers, ie arsonists * a `fund-raiser.

raisin
[5reizn; 5rezn] n dried sweet grape, used in cakes, puddings, etc 葡萄乾. Cf 参看 sultana 1.

raison d'etre
[7reizCn 'detrE; 5rezCn'det] n [sing] (French 法) reason for or justification of sb's/sth's existence （某人[某事物]）存在的原因或理由: * Work seems to be her raison d'etre. 工作似乎就是她生活的目的.

raj
[ra:dV; radV] n [U] the raj (also the Raj, the British Raj) (period of) British rule in India 英国在印度的统治（时期）: * life under the Raj, ie before 1947 英国统治印度时期的生活（1947年之前）.

rajah
(also raja)[5ra:dVE; 5radVE] n (formerly) (title of an) Indian king or prince （旧时）印度的君主或王子（的称号）. Cf 参看 ranee.

rake
1[reik; rek] n 1 (a) long-handled tool with a row of prongs at the end for drawing together fallen leaves, smoothing soil, etc 耙子. (b) similar mechanical farm tool on wheels, usu for gathering hay, etc 耙机（有轮, 通常用以收集乾草等）. 2 similar implement, used eg by a croupier for drawing in money at a gambling table 钱耙（赌桌主持人收取钱用的）. 派生： rake v 1 [I, Tn, Cn.a] use a rake on (sth); level (sth) with a rake 用耙子耙（某物）; 用耙子耙平（某物）: I was busy raking. 我在忙着用耙子干活. * rake the soil (smooth), eg before planting seeds 把地耙平（如在播种以前）. 2 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (out) remove ashes from (a fire, kiln, etc) 将灰从（炉、 等）里耙出来. 3 [Tn] fire a gun at or point a camera, telescope, etc at (sth) while moving it from one side to the other （用枪、 照相机、 望远镜等）扫射, 扫拍, 扫视（某物）: rake the enemy lines with machine-gun fire 用机枪扫射敌人的防线 * The bird-watcher raked the trees with his binoculars. 观察野鸟的人用双筒望远镜扫视树木. 4 (idm 习语) rake over old `ashes revive (usu unpleasant) memories of the past 回想起（通常指不愉快的）往事. 5 (phr v) rake about/around (for sth) search carefully 仔细搜寻: We raked around in the files, but couldn't find the letter. 我们翻遍了文件夹, 怎麽也找不到那封信. rake sth/it in (infml 口) earn a lot of (money, etc) 挣大量的（钱等）: raking in the profits 挣得大量利润 * She gets tips as well as her wages, so she's really raking it in. 她又领工资又收小费, 真赚了不少钱. rake sth together, up, etc move sth together, up, etc with a rake 用耙把某物耙在一起、 耙成一堆等: rake together dead leaves (into a heap) 把枯叶耙到一起（聚成一堆） * rake hay up 把乾草耙成一堆 * rake the cut grass off the lawn 把刈下的草耙出草坪. rake sb/sth together/up (infml 口) collect (people or things) with difficulty 费力地凑集（人或物）: rake1 /// * I couldn't rake together enough money for a new bike. 我凑不够买一辆新自行车的钱. rake sth up (infml 口) remind people of (sth that it would be better to forget) 使人回想起（最好不再想起的事）: rake up old quarrels, grievances, etc 重新提起旧日的争吵事、 冤情等 * Don't rake up the past. 别再提那些往事了. 复合： `rake-off n (infml 口) share of profits or commission, esp from dishonest or illegal activity 利润的分成或回扣（尤指从不正当或非法活动中获取者）: She got a rake-off of 5 per cent from the deal. 她从这笔交易中获得百分之五的回扣.

rallentando
[7rAlEn'tAndEu; 7rAlEn'tAndo] adj, adv, n(pl -dos or -di[-di:; -di] ) (music 音) (passage performed) with gradually decreasing speed 渐慢; 渐慢的乐段. Cf 参看 accelerando.

rally
1[5rAli; 5rAli] v (pt, pp rallied) 1 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (round/to sb/sth); ~ (round) (of people) come together, esp to make new efforts, eg after a defeat or when there is danger, need, etc （指人）集合起来（尤指重新努力, 如失败後或有危险、 需要等时）: * The troops rallied (round their leader/the flag). 部队重新集结（在指挥官[旗帜]周围）. * They rallied to their leader's cause. 他们团结一致支持领袖的事业. * When their mother was ill, the children all rallied round. 母亲生病时, 孩子们都来到她身旁. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sb (round sb); ~ sb (together) bring (people) together in this way （重新）召集（人）: * The leader rallied his men (round him). 指挥官重新集结其部属. 2 [I, Tn] (cause sb/sth to) recover health, strength, etc; revive; rouse （使某人[某事物]）恢复健康、 力量等; 复苏; 振作: * rally from an illness 康复 * Her spirits rallied on hearing the good news. 她听到这好消息精神又振作起来. * The team rallied after the first half. 该队在上半场过後士气大增. 3 [I] (of share prices, etc) increase after a fall （指股票价格等）跌後回升. 派生： rally n 1 [sing] act of rallying 集合; 集结; 重整: Bugler, sound the rally! 司号兵, 吹集合号! 2 [C] large gathering of people with a common (usu political) purpose （具有共同目的的人们参加的, 通常为政治性的）群众大会: a party rally 政党集会 * hold/stage a`peace rally 举行拥护和平的群众大会. 3 [sing] recoveryof health, strength, etc, eg after an illness; revival （健康、 力量等的）恢复, 康复; 复苏: an unexpected rally (ie increase in the price) of tin shares on the Stock Market 股票市场上锡股价格的意外回升. 4 [C] (in tennis, squash, etc) series of strokes before a point is scored （网球、 壁球等）得分前的连续对打: a fifteen-stroke rally 连续对打了十五下. 5 [C] driving competition for motor vehicles over public roads 公路赛车.

ram
[rAm; rAm] n 1 uncastrated male sheep （未阉割的）公羊. =>illus at sheep 见sheep插图. Cf 参看 ewe, tup. 2 =battering ram (batter1). 3 any of several devices in machines for plunging or striking with great force, eg the falling weight of a pile-driver 撞击装置（如打桩机的夯锤）. 派生： ram v (-mm-) 1 (a) [Ipr, Tn] ~ (against/into) sth crash against sth; strike or push sth with great force 撞击某物; 猛击或猛推某物: The car rammed against/into the lorry. 小汽车撞了卡车. * The ice skater rammed into the barrier. 溜冰者撞到护栏上了. * They rammed the door to smash it down. 他们使劲把门撞破. (b) [Tn] (of a ship) strike or run into (another ship) in an attempt to sink it （指船）撞击（另一船）（企图撞沉）: The frigate rammed the submarine. 护卫舰撞击了潜艇. 2 [Tn.pr] ~ sth in, into, on, etc sth drive sth into place by ramming 将某物打入、 夯入、 压入或填入某物: rampiles into a river bed 把桩子打入河床 * (infml 口) ram clothes into a suitcase 把衣服塞进衣箱 * He rammed his hat on his head. 他把帽子扣在头上. 3 (phr v) ram sth down flatten (eg a surface) by ramming 夯平, 压平（如某物表面）: ram down the soil, eg when building roads 把地面夯实（如 路时）. ram sth home (a) force sth into place by ramming 填实; 塞满: ram a charge (ie of gunpowder) home 装好火药. (b) (fig 比喻) emphasize (eg a point, an argument) to make it more convincing 强调（如某论点、 论据）使之更具说服力. 复合： `ram-jet n (also ram-jet engine) type of jet engine that uses air forced in by the speed of flight to burn fuel 冲压式喷气发动机.

Ramadan
[7rAmE'dAn; arit also -'da:n; 7rAmE'dAn] n the ninth month of the Muslim year, when Muslims fast during the hours of daylight 赖买丹月（伊斯兰教历的第九月）; 斋月.

ramble
[5rAmbl; 5rAmbl] v 1 [I, Ip] walk for pleasure with no special destination 漫步; 闲逛: * I like rambling (around/about) in the country. 我喜欢在乡间漫步. Cf 参看 hike 1. 2 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (on) (about sb/sth) (fig 比喻) wander in one's talk or writing by not keeping to the subject 漫谈; 闲聊; 漫笔: * The old man rambled (on) about the past. 这位老者在聊过去的事情. 3 [I] (of plants) grow or climb over other plants, hedges, etc with long trailing shoots （指植物）蔓生, 攀缘生长. 派生： ramble n rambling walk 漫步: go for/on a ramble in the country 去乡间漫步. rambler[5rAmblE(r); 5rAmbll] n 1 person who rambles(ramble 1) 漫步者. 2 rambling plant 蔓生植物: * [attrib 作定语] rambler roses 攀缘蔷薇. rambling adj 1 (esp of buildings, streets, towns, etc) extending in various directions irregularly （尤指建 物、 街道、 城镇等）无规则地向各方延伸的, 布局凌乱的. 2 (of a plant) growing or climbing with long trailing shoots （指植物）蔓生的, 攀缘的. 3 (of a speech, essay, etc) not keeping to the subject; disconnected （指讲话、 文章等）不切题的, 不连贯的.

rambunctious
[rAm'bQNkFEs; rAm'bQNkFEs] adj (infml 口 esp US) =rumbustious.

ramekin
[5rAmEkin; 5rAmEkin] n (a) small mould for baking and serving an individual portion of food （烘烤一人分量的食物用的）小模子, 小烤盘: * [attrib 作定语] a `ramekin dish 一人分量的烤盘食物. (b) food served in this 小烤盘中的食物: * a cheese `ramekin 一烤盘有乾酪的食物.

ramify
[5rAmifai; 5rAmE7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) [I, Tn esppassive 尤用於被动语态] (fml 文) (cause sth to) branch out in many directions; make or become a network （使某物）向各方分枝; （使）成网状: * a ramified system, eg of railways 网状系统（如铁路的）. 派生： ramification[7rAmifi'keiFn; 7rAmEfE'keFEn] n (usu pl 通常作复数) part of a complex structure; secondary consequence, esp one that complicates 某复杂系统之部分; 分支（尤指形成复杂结构者）: * widespread ramifications of trade 广布各地的贸易分支机构 * I couldn't follow all the ramifications of the plot. 我并不完全明白故事的所有情节.

ramp
1[rAmp; rAmp] n 1 slope joining two levels of ground, a floor, a road, etc （地面、 地板、 道路等两水平面之间的）斜面, 斜坡, 斜道: * push a wheelchair up/down a ramp 把轮椅推上[下]坡道 * Beware ramp, eg seen on a road sign. 注意斜坡（如路标所示）. 2 movable set of steps for entering and leaving an aircraft （上下飞机用的）移动式舷梯.

rampage
[rAm'peidV; rAm'pedV] v [Ipr, Ip] rush around wildly or violently 狂暴地乱冲乱闯: * The mob rampaged through the village. 这夥暴徒在村中横冲直撞. 派生： rampage n (idm 习语) be/go on the `rampage go about behaving violently or destructively 到处进行暴力或破坏活动: drunken soldiers on the rampage 喝醉酒而到处闹事的大兵.

rampant
[5rAmpEnt; 5rAmpEnt] adj 1 (of disease, crime, etc) flourishing excessively; unrestrained （指疾病、 罪恶等）猖獗的, 遏制不住的: * Cholera was rampant in the district. 这个区里霍乱蔓延十分严重. * a city of rampant violence 暴力活动失去控制的城市. 2 (of plants) growing too luxuriantly or thickly （指植物）过於繁茂的: * Rampant ivy had covered the wall. 密密的常春藤遮住了这面墙. 3 (usu directly after a n 通常直接用於名词之後) (heraldry 纹) (of an animal on a coat of arms) standing on one hind leg with forelegs raised （指盾形纹章上的动物）用一只後腿站立前脚跃起的: * lions rampant 立狮纹章. Cf 参看 couchant. > rampantly adv.

rampart
[5rAmpa:t; 5rAmpart] n 1 (esp pl 尤作复数) defensive wall round a fort, etc consisting of a wide bank of earth with a path for walking along the top （城堡等周围宽阔的）防御土墙. 2 (esp sing 尤作单数) defence; protection 防御; 保护: * a rampart against infection 对传染病的预防.

ramrod
[5rAmrCd; 5rAm7rad] n 1 iron rod formerly used for ramming the charge into muzzle-loading guns 推弹杆（旧时前膛枪炮装火药用的铁棒）. 2 (idm 习语) (as) stiff/straight as a `ramrod (of a person) very erect （指人）挺立的: * The soldier stood stiff as a ramrod. 这士兵站得笔直.

ramshackle
[5rAmFAkl; 5rAmFAkl] adj (of houses, vehicles, etc) almost collapsing （指房屋、 车辆等）破烂不堪的: * a ramshackle old bus 快要报废的公共汽车 * (fig 比喻) a ramshackle organization 即将解体的组织.

ran
pt of run1.

ranch
[ra:ntF; - rAntF; rAntF] n (a) large farm, esp in the US or Canada, where cattle are bred; similar farm producing crops, fruit, chickens, etc 大牧牛场（尤指美国或加拿大的）; 农场、 果园、 养鸡场等: * [attrib 作定语] a ranch house 大农场主的住宅. (b) farm where certain other animals are bred 牧场; 饲养场: * a mink ranch 水貂饲养场. 派生： rancher n person who owns, manages or works on a ranch 大农场等的主人、 管理人或工人.

rancid
[5rAnsid; 5rAnsid] adj 1 (of fatty foods) tasting or smelling bad because of staleness （指含油脂食物）因变质而有陈腐味道或气味的: * The butter has gone/turned rancid. 这黄油已经哈喇了. 2 (of smells or tastes) like stale fat （指气味或味道）如陈腐脂肪味的: * the rancid stench of dirty drains 脏水沟发出的腐臭味. > rancidness n [U].

rancour
(US -cor)[5rANkE(r); 5rANkl] n [U] deep long-lasting bitterness or ill-will; spite 深仇; 积怨; 怨恨: * feel full of rancour against sb 对某人怀有深仇大恨. > rancorous[5rANkErEs; 5rANkErEs] adj. rancorously adv.

rand
[rAnd; rAnd] n unit of money in the Republic of South Africa; 100 cents 兰特（南非共和国货币单位, 等於100分）. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: The pronunciation of rand varies. *rand一字的读音有多种. In South Africa commonly heard variants are 在南非常可听到以下异读形式:/ra:nd, ra:nt, rCnt; rAnd, rand, rant] .

random
[5rAndEm; 5rAndEm] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] done, chosen, etc without method or conscious choice; haphazard 随便的; 任意的; 胡乱的: * a random sample, selection, etc 随意抽取的样品、 任意选择的东西 * a few random remarks 随便说的话. 派生： random n (idm 习语) at `random without method or conscious choice 随便; 任意: draw the winning numbers at random 任意抽出的中奖数字 * open a book at random, ie not at any particular page 打开一本书的 任何一页 * The terrorists fired into the crowd at random. 恐怖分子向人群胡乱射击. randomly adv: people randomly chosen, eg to carry out a survey 任意选择的人（如为进行抽样调查）. 复合： random `access (also direct `access) (computing 计) process that allows information in a computer to be stored or retrieved without reading through items storedpreviously 随机存取. Cf 参看 read only (read). ,random access `memory (abbr 缩写 RAM) computer memory used temporarily to store data (usu found by random access) that can be changed or removed 随机存取存储器. Cf 参看 read only memory (read).

randy
[5rAndi; 5rAndi] adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口 esp Brit) sexually excited; lustful 性欲冲动的; 好色的: * a randy tom-cat 闹春的雄猫 * I feel really randy. 我的确有些性冲动. > randily adv. randiness n [U].

ranee
(also rani)[5ra:ni:; 5rani] n (formerly) Hindu queen or princess; rajah's wife or widow （旧时）印度的女王或公主, 印度君主之妻或遗孀.

rang
pt of ring2.

range
1[reindV; rendV] n 1 [C] connected line or row of mountains, hills, etc （山、 丘等连贯而成的）脉, 排, 列, 行: * a mountain-range 山脉. 2 [C] group or series of similar things; selection or variety 成套或成系列的东西; 种类: * sell/stock a whole range of tools, dresses, foods 出售[备有]各种各样的工具、 服装、 食品 * The new model comes in an exciting range of colours. 这种新式样有各种鲜艳的颜色. * have a wide/narrow range of interests, hobbies, etc 兴趣、 爱好等甚广[不广]. 3 [C] limits between which sth varies; extent （种类或变化的）限度, 范围, 幅度, 程度: * a soprano's range, ie between her top and bottom notes 女高音的音域 * What is the salary range for the post? 这一职位的薪金幅度是多少? * The annual range of temperature is from -10C to 40C. 全年的温度较差为-10C至40C. * There's a wide range of ability in the class. 这班的水平差距很大. * That subject is outside my range, ie one I have not studied. 那个问题已超出了我的研究范围. 4 (a) [U] distance within which one can see or hear; distance over which sounds will travel 视力或听力所达到的距离; 声音所能传送的距离: * It came within my range of vision. 该物体进入了我的视野. * take a long-range shot, eg with a camera 进行远距离拍摄 * They live within range of the transmitter. 他们住在无线电发射机的有效范围以内. * She was out of range (of my voice). 她在那地方听不见（我的声音）. (b) [U, sing] distance to which a gun will shoot, or over which a missile, shell, etc will travel （枪炮、 导弹等的）射程: * The gun has a range of five miles. 这炮的射程为五英里. * in/within/out of/beyond (firing) range 在射程以内[以外] * He shot the lion at point-blank range, ie when it was so near that he could not miss. 他在近距离平射射程内向狮子射击. * fire at close/long range 进行近[远]距离射击.

range1
(c) [C] distance that a vehicle, aircraft, etc will travel before it needs to be refuelled （车辆、 飞行器等）不再次加油可抵达的距离. 5 [C] (a) area of ground with targets for soldiers, etc to practise shooting 射击场; 靶场: * an army range 军用射击场 * a `rifle-range 步枪靶场. (b) area within which rockets and missiles are fired （火箭和导弹的）发射场. 6 [C] area within which a particular plant, animal, etc may be found （某类植物、 动物等的）生长区, 分布区. 7 [sing] (US) large open area for hunting or grazing （大面积空旷的）狩猎场, 放牧场. 8 [C] (esp formerly) cooking stove with ovens and hotplates for pans, etc （尤指旧式的）炉: * a kitchen range 厨房中的炉. 复合： `range-finder n device for finding the distance of sb/sth to be shot at or photographed （射击或摄影用的）测距仪, 测远计.

ranger
[5reindVE(r); 5rendVl] n 1 (a) (Brit) keeper of a royal park, estate, etc who enforces forest laws 皇家园林、 地产等的管理员. (b) (esp US) guard who patrols and protects a forest, etc 担任巡逻和警戒任务的护林员. 2 (US) member of a body of armed mounted men acting as police, eg in thinly populated areas 武装骑警（如驻守人口稀少地区的）: * the Texas Rangers 得克萨斯州骑警. 3 (US) commando 突击队员. 4 Ranger (Brit) senior Girl Guide 高年级的女童子军.

rani
=ranee.

rank
1[rANk; rANk] n 1 [C, U] position in a scale of responsibility, quality, social status, etc （职务、 身分、 社会地位等的）等级: * ministers of Cabinet rank 内阁各大臣 * a painter of the first/top rank, ie one of the very best 第一流的画家 * people of (high) rank 地位高的人 * people of all ranks and classes 各阶层各阶级的人. 2 [C, U] position or grade in the armed forces 军阶; 军衔:promoted to the rank of captain 晋升到上尉军衔 * above/below a major in rank 军衔高於[低於]少校 * officers of high rank 高级军官 * reach the rank of colonel 高达上校军衔. 3 [C] line or row of things （物体的）行, 列, 排: * a `cab/`taxi rank 一排计程车 * Take the taxi at the head of the rank, ie the first in the line. 乘坐排在前头的那辆计程车. 4 (a) [C] line or row of soldiers, policemen, etc standing side by side （士兵、 警察等肩并肩站成的）行列, 横列: * ranks of marching infantry 横排行进的步兵 * keep/break ranks, ie remain/fail to remain in line 保持[打乱]队形. (b) the ranks [pl] (also `other ranks) ordinary soldiers, ie privates, corporals, etc, not officers 士兵（即二等兵、 下士等, 非军官）: * join, serve in, etc the ranks 当兵 * rise from the ranks, ie be made an officer after serving as an ordinary soldier 行伍出身（由士兵升为军官） * be reduced to the ranks, ie (of a sergeant, etc) be made an ordinary soldier as a punishment （指中士等）降级为士兵（作为处罚） * (fig 比喻) join the ranks of the unemployed, ie become unemployed 加入失业者大军（沦为失业者）. 5 (idm 习语) close ranks => close4. pull rank => pull2. 派生： rank v (not in the continuous tenses 不用於进行时态) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.n/a] ~ sb/sth (as sth) place sb/sth in a rank; grade sb/sth according to quality, achievement, etc 将某人[某事物]置入行列中; （按特性、 成就等）将某人[某事物]分等级: I rank her achievement very highly. 我对她的成就评价很高.

rank1
* Where/How do you rank Karpov as a chess player? 你把卡尔波夫列为哪一级的棋手? * I rank her among the country's best writers. 我认为她可属全国最优秀作家之列. 2 [Ipr] have a rank or place 属某等级; 居某地位: Does he rank among/with the failures? 他可以算作失败的那一类人吗? * A major ranks above a captain. 少校比上尉军衔高. * a high-ranking official, delegate, etc 高级官员、 代表等. 3 [Tn] (US) have a higher rank than (sb) 比（某人）级别高. 复合： the ,rank and `file 1 the ordinary soldiers, not officers 士兵（非军官）. 2 (fig 比喻) the ordinary members of an organization （某组织的）普通成员: the rank and file of the party 普通党员 * [attrib 作定语] rank-and-file workers 普通工作者. `ranking officer (US) officer of the highest rank present 在场的最高级军官.

rankle
[5rANkl; 5rANkl] v [I] cause lasting bitterness or resentment 使痛苦不已; 使怨恨不已: * The insult still rankled in his mind. 他对那次受辱仍耿耿於怀.

ransack
[5rAnsAk; - rAn'sAk; rAn'sAk] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (for sth) search (a place) thoroughly 彻底搜索（某处）: * I've ransacked the house for those papers, but I can't find them. 我满房子各处寻找那些文件, 但却找不到. 2 [Tn] plunder (sth); pillage 抢劫（某物）; 掠夺: * Burglars ransacked the stately home. 盗贼洗劫了这所富丽堂皇的住宅.

ransom
[5rAnsEm; 5rAnsEm] n 1 [U] release of a captive in return for money, etc demanded by his captors （劫持者要求）付赎金等使被劫持者获释; 赎身: * [attrib 作定语] ransom money 赎金. 2 [U, C] money, etc paid for this 赎金; 用以赎身之物: * pay ransom to the kidnappers 付给绑架者赎金 * The kidnappers demanded a ransom of 10000 for his release. 绑架者要10000英镑赎金才释放他. 3 (idm 习语) hold sb to `ransom (a) keep sb captive and demand ransom for him 禁锢被绑架者以勒索赎金. (b) (fig 比喻) demand concessions from sb by using threats 以威胁手段逼某人让步: * The unions are holding the country to ransom, eg by a national strike. 工会正在挟制国家以逼迫政府让步（如否则采取全国大罢工）. a king's ransom => king. 派生： ransom v [Tn] (a) obtain the release of (a captive) in return for payment 以赎金赎回（被劫持者）. (b) hold (a captive) and demand ransom for him 禁锢（被劫持者）以勒索赎金.

rant
[rAnt; rAnt] v [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn] ~ (at sb/sth) (derog 贬) 1 speak loudly, violently or theatrically 大声地、 激昂地或拿腔拿调地说话: * He ranted (on) at me about my mistakes. 他大声数落我. * This actor rants his lines. 这演员背台词拿腔拿调. 2 (idm 习语) ,rant and `rave (at sb/sth) condemn or censure sb/sth loudly and forcefully 大声地、 狠狠地责备或训斥某人[某事物]: * You can rant and rave at the fine, but you'll still have to pay it. 你闹也好, 骂也好, 罚金还是得交. > ranter/ 5rAntE(r); `rAntL/ n.

rap
1[rAp; rAp] n 1 [C] (sound of a) quick sharp blow or knock （轻快的）敲击（声）; 急敲（声）: * a sharp rap on the elbow 碰了一下胳膊肘 * There was a rap at/on the door. 有敲门声. 2 [U] (US sl 俚) rapid talk; chatter 速度快的谈话; 唠叨. 3 (idm 习语) beat the rap => beat1. give sb/get a ,rap on/over the `knuckles (infml 口) reproach or rebuke sb 责备或训斥某人: * He got a rap over the knuckles from the teacher for not doing enough work. 他没做完功课挨了老师一通训. take the rap (for sth) (infml 口 esp US) be punished, esp for sth one has not done 受罚; （尤指）背黑锅. 派生： rap v (-pp-) 1 (a) [Tn] strike (sth) quickly andsmartly （轻而快地）敲击（某物）; 急敲（某物）: She rapped my knuckles. 她轻而快地敲打我的指节. (b) [Ipr, Tn] knock or tap lightly and quickly 轻敲; 急敲: rap (on) the table 轻敲桌子 * rap (at) the door 轻轻叩门. 2 [Tn] (infml 口) reproach or rebuke (sb) 责备或训斥（某人）: She rapped the Minister publicly for his indiscreet remarks. 她公开斥责那位大臣言论失当. 3 [I] (US sl 俚) talk or chatter rapidly 快速地说; 唠叨. 4 (phr v) rap sth out (a) say sth abruptly and sharply 突然厉声说出某事: The officer rapped out the orders. 那军官厉声发出命令. (b) express sth by taps 用敲击表达某事物: The prisoner rapped out a message on the cell wall. 那囚犯敲打囚室的墙来传达讯息.

rapacious
[rE'peiFEs; rE'peFEs] adj (fml 文) 1 greedy, esp for money; grasping 贪婪的; （尤指）贪财的: * fall into the clutches of a rapacious landlord 落入一个贪婪的地主手中 * rapacious business methods 唯利是图的生意经. 2 plundering and robbing others 抢劫的; 掠夺的: * rapacious marauders, invaders, etc 肆意掠夺的强盗、 侵略者等. 派生： rapaciously adv. rapacity/rE'pAsEti; rE'pAsEti] n [U] greed; desire to rob and plunder 贪婪; 贪心; 劫掠的欲望.

rape
1[reip; rep] v [Tn] commit the crime of forcing (a woman or girl) to have sexual intercourse against her will 强奸（女子）. 派生： rape n [C, U] 1 (act of) raping; being raped 强奸: commit two rapes 犯两次强奸罪 * Is rape on the increase? 强奸案是否越来越多了? * Her rape had a profound psychological effect on her. 她被强奸这件事造成了她心理上的严重创伤. 2 (fig 比喻) act of violently interfering with sth 肆意损坏某事物: the rape of the countryside, eg by removing ancient hedges 对乡村的破坏（如拆除古老的树篱）. rapist[5reipist; 5repist] n person who commits rape 强奸者; 强奸犯.

rapid
[5rApid; 5rApid] adj 1 (a) moving or acting with great speed; fast 迅速的; 快的: * a rapid pulse, heartbeat 过快的脉搏、 心搏 * ask several questions in rapid succession 快速连续提出几个问题 * the rapid to-and-fro movements of a piston 活塞快速的往复运动. (b) happening in a short time; prompt 短时间内发生的; 敏捷的: * a rapid decline in sales 销售额的急剧下降 * Cats have rapid reflexes. 猫的反应很敏捷. 2 (of a slope) descending steeply （指斜坡）陡的. 3 (idm 习语) make great/rapid strides => stride n. 派生： rapidity/rE'pidEti; rE'pidEti] n [U]. rapidly adv. rapids n [pl] swift current in a river caused by a steep downward slope in the river bed （河的）急流, 湍流: shoot the rapids, eg in a canoe 穿过急流（如乘独木舟）. 复合： rapid-fire adj [attrib 作定语] (a) (of a gun) firing bullets, etc in quick succession （指枪炮）速射的. (b) (fig 比喻) (of questions, etc) spoken very quickly, one after the other （指问题等）连珠炮似的: the rapid-fire jokes of a comedian 喜剧演员连续说出的笑话. ,rapid `transit (US) (system of) fast urban public transport, eg by underground or overhead railway 城市高速交通（系统）（如地铁或高架铁路）.

rapier
[5reipiE(r); 5repil] n light thin double-edged sword, used for thrusting 一种轻巧细长的剑（用以刺戳）: * [attrib 作定语] (fig 比喻) rapier wit 机智的言语. =>illus at sword 见sword插图. 复合： `rapier-thrust n (fig 比喻) witty remark or reply 机智巧妙的言语或回答.

rapine
[5rApain; - 'rApin; 5rApin] n [U] (fml or rhet 文或修辞) act of seizing property by force; plundering 劫掠; 强夺: * land ravaged by pillage and rapine 遭劫掠蹂躏的国土.

rapport
[rA'pC:(r); - -'pC:rt; rA'pCrt] n [U, sing] ~ (with sb/between A and B) sympathetic and harmonious relationship 融洽和谐的关系: * He is in rapport with his pupils. 他与学生关系很好. * The actor developed a close rapport with his audience. 该演员与观众建立了密切的关系. * Father and son have a great rapport. 父子情深.

rapprochement
[ rA5prCFmCN, rA5prEUF-; ?@ 9rAprEUF-5mCN; 9rAproF`mBN] n (French 法) ~ (with sb/between A and B) renewal of friendly relations, esp between countries 友好关系的恢复（尤指国家间）: * bring about a rapprochement between warring states, factions, etc 交战国、 派系等恢复友好关系.

rapscallion
[rAp'skAljEn; rAp'skAljEn] n (arch or joc 古或谑) rascal; rogue 流氓; 坏蛋.

rapt
[rApt; rApt] adj ~ (in sth) so intent or absorbed that one is unaware of other things; spellbound 全神贯注的; 入迷的: * a rapt expression, look, smile, etc 着迷的表情、 样子、 微笑等 * rapt in contemplation, thought, devotion, etc 一心一意地沉思、 思考、 奉献等 * He listened to the music with rapt attention. 他屏气凝神地听着音乐. > raptly adv.

rapture
[5rAptFE(r); 5rAptFl] n 1 [U] intense delight 极度的欢喜: * gazing in/with rapture at the girl he loved 喜不自胜地注视着他心爱的姑娘. 2 (idm 习语) be in, go into, etc raptures (about/over sb/sth) feel or express great delight or enthusiasm 狂喜; 狂热: * I'm in raptures about my new job. 我对这一新工作喜不可言. 派生： rapturous[5rAptFErEs; 5rAptFErEs] adj causing or expressing rapture （使人）欣喜若狂的: * rapturous applause热烈的掌声 * give sb a rapturous welcome/reception 热情洋溢地欢迎[接待]某人 * a rapturous sigh, look 欣喜若狂的惊叹、 神情. rapturously adv.

rare
1[reE(r); rer] adj (-r, -st) 1 not often happening or seen, etc; unusual 稀有的; 罕见的; 不寻常的: * a rare occurrence, sight, visitor 稀罕事、 罕见的景象、 稀客 * a rare book, plant, butterfly, ie one of only a few that exist珍本书、 珍奇的植物、 稀有的蝴蝶 * With rare exceptions, he does not appear in public now. 除了极其个别的情况外, 他现在不公开露面. * It is rare for her to arrive late. 她很少有迟到的时候. 2 [attrib 作定语] (dated 旧) unusually good or great 极好的; 极大的: * be shy, tolerant, etc to a rare degree 极为 腆、 宽容等 * We had a rare (old) time at the party. 我们在聚会时玩得高兴极了. 3 (of gases, esp the atmosphere) of less than usual density （指气体, 尤指空气）稀薄的. 派生： rarely adv not often; seldom 不常: I rarely eat in restaurants. 我很少在饭馆吃饭. * (fml 文) Only rarely do I eat in restaurants. 我极少到饭馆就餐. rareness n [U]. 复合： ,rare `earth any of a group of metallic elements with similar chemical properties 稀土元素. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: A thing or an event may be rare when it is found or occurs infrequently. 很少见到的东西或很少发生的现象, 可用rare一词来表达. It may once have been common 这类东西或现象可能在过去很普通: The panda is now a rare animal. 熊猫现在是稀有动物. * A top hat is a rare sight these days. 高顶大礼帽现在已不多见. It may have a special value 这类事物有的可能有特殊价值: a painting of rare distinction 一幅希世之珍的画儿. Something, usually a thing in daily use, is scarce when it is hard to get because it is in short supply 有些东西, 通常为日用品, 因匮乏而难以得到, 即是scarce: Water is scarce in the desert. 在沙漠里水是很难得到的. * Strawberries are scarce this year. 今年草莓很少.

rarebit
[ 5reEbIt; `rZr9bIt/ n =Welsh rarebit (Welsh).

rarefy
[5reErifai; 5rerE7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) [I, Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (cause sth to) become thinner or less dense （使某物）变薄, 变稀, 变稀薄: * rarefying gases 变得稀薄的气体. 派生： rarefied adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] 1 (of gases) less dense than is normal; thin （指气体）稀薄的: the rarefied air (ie with little oxygen) of the Andes 安第斯山脉的稀薄空气（缺氧）. 2 (fig 比喻) (of ideas, etc) subtle and refined; lofty and exclusive （指思想等）缜密而纯正的, 清高的: dons living in a rarefied academic atmosphere 生活在纯净的学术气氛中的大学教师.

raring
[5reEriN; 5reriN] adj [pred 作表语] (infml 口) 1 ~ to do sth so eager or willing to do sth that restraint is difficult 渴望做某事而难以阻止: * The horses were raring to have a gallop. 这些马都急不可耐地要飞跑起来. * She is raring to try out her new skates. 她很想试试她那双新溜冰鞋. 2 (idm 习语) ,raring to `go keen to start 巴不得马上开始.

rarity
[5reErEti; 5rerEti] n 1 [U] rareness 稀有; 罕见. 2 [C] thing that is uncommon or unusual; thing valued because it is rare 稀有的事物; 因稀少而珍贵的东西: * Rain is a rarity in the desert. 在沙漠中雨是很少见的. * ancient scrolls and other rarities 古书卷等珍品.

rascal
[5ra:skl; - 'rAskl; 5rAskl] n 1 dishonest person 不诚实的人; 流氓; 无赖. 2 (joc 谑) mischievous or cheeky person who likes playing tricks, esp a child 喜欢恶作剧的人, 爱捣蛋的家伙（尤指儿童）: * Give me my keys back, you little rascal! 把钥匙还给我, 你这个小淘气! 派生： rascally[-kEli; -kli] adj of or like a rascal; dishonest （似）流氓的, 无赖的: * a rascally person, trick 奸诈的人、 奸计.

rase
=raze.

rash
1[rAF; rAF] n 1 [C usu sing 通常作单数] patch of tiny red spots on the skin 疹; 皮疹: * a `nettle-rash 麻疹 * I break out/come out in a rash (ie A rash appears on my skin) if I eat chocolate. 我一吃巧克力, 就出皮疹. * The heat brought her out in (ie caused) a rash. 她热得出了痱子. 2 [sing] ~ of sth (fig 比喻) sudden widespread appearance of sth unpleasant 令人不快的事物突然大量出现: * a rash of ugly new houses 一下子冒出来的一大片难看的房子 * a rash of strikes in the steel industry 钢铁工业突如其来的一连串大罢工.

rasher
[5rAFE(r); 5rAFl] n thin slice of bacon or ham 腌猪肉片; 火腿片: * a fried egg and a couple of rashers of bacon for breakfast 早餐吃的一个煎鸡蛋和两片腌猪肉.

rasp
[ra:sp; - rAsp; rAsp] n 1 [C] coarse file with rows of sharp points on its surface(s) 粗锉刀. 2 [sing] unpleasant grating sound 刺耳的锉磨声: * the rasp of a saw on wood 刺耳的锯木声. 派生： rasp v 1 [Tn, Cn.a] scrape (sth) with, or as if with, a rasp 用粗锉刀锉（某物）; （如锉一般）刮削（某物）: rasp the surface (smooth) 把表面锉（平）. 2 (a) [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (out) say sth in an unpleasant grating voice 以刺耳的粗声说出某事: rasp (out) orders, insults, etc 粗声粗气发出命令、 辱骂之词等. (b) [I, Ip] make an unpleasant grating sound 发出刺耳的锉磨声: a learner rasping (away) on his violin 用小提琴拉出刺耳声音的初学者 * a rasping voice 粗声粗气. 3 (phr v) rasp sth away/off remove sth with a rasp （用粗锉刀）锉掉某物: rasp off the rough edges 把粗糙的边锉掉.

raspberry
[5ra:zbri; - 'rAzberi; 5rAz7beri] n 1 (a) type of bramble 悬钩子; 覆盆子: * [attrib 作定语] raspberry canes 悬钩子的新枝. (b) its edible sweet red berry 悬钩子的红色聚合果（味甜, 可食）: * raspberries and ice-cream 悬钩子加冰激凌 * [attrib 作定语] raspberry jam 悬钩子果酱. 2 (US also razz, Bronx cheer) (infml 口) sound made with the tongue and lips to show dislike, contempt, etc 用舌与唇发出的表示憎恶、 鄙夷等的声音: * give/blow sb a raspberry 用舌与唇发声嘲笑某人 * The teacher got a raspberry as she turned her back. 该教师转过身去时有人用舌与唇发出嘲笑她的声音.

Rastafarian
[7rAstE'feEriEn; 7rAstE'fAriEn] n, adj (member) of a Jamaican sect regarding Blacks as a people chosen by God for salvation 拉斯塔法里（牙买加的教派, 认为黑人是上帝将拯救的人）; 该教派的成员.

rat
[rAt; rAt] n 1 rodent that looks like, but is larger than, a mouse 大鼠. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page iii. 2 (infml fig 口, 比喻) (a) disloyal person, esp one who deserts a cause in times of difficulty 不忠的人; （尤指困难时）背弃事业的人: * So you've changed sides, you dirty rat! 那麽, 你改变立场了, 你这可耻的叛徒! (b) unpleasant or despicable man 讨厌的人; 卑鄙的人. 3 (idm 习语) like a drowned rat => drown. the rat race (infml derog 口, 贬) fiercely competitive struggle, esp to keep one's position in work or life 激烈的竞争（尤指为保住职位或地位）: * opt out of (ie withdraw from) the rat race 决定退出这场竞争. smell a rat => smell2. 派生： rat v (-tt-) 1 [I] (usu 通常作 go ratting) hunt rats 去捕鼠. 2 [I, Ipr] (infml 口) (a) ~ (on sb/sth) break an agreement, a promise, etc; fail to do sth one has undertaken to do 违背协议、 诺言等; 未履行责任. (b) ~ (on sb) reveal a secret; betray sb 泄露秘密; 背叛某人: She's ratted on us here comes the head teacher! 她把我们出卖了--瞧校长都来了! rats interj (dated infml 旧, 口) (used to express annoyance or contempt 用以表示恼怒或鄙视). ratter n dog or cat that catches rats 捕鼠的狗或猫: Terriers are good ratters. 雷是善於捕鼠的狗. ratty adj (-ier, -iest) 1 (Brit infml 口) easily made angry; irritable 易怒的; 暴躁的: be/feel in a ratty mood 心烦气躁. 2 (US infml 口) shabby or dilapidated 破旧的; 破烂的. 3 of, like or full of rats （似）老鼠的; 有很多老鼠的. 复合： `ratbag n (sl esp Austral or NZ 俚, 尤用於澳大利亚或新西兰) contemptible person 卑鄙的家伙. `ratfink n (US sl derog 俚, 贬) 1 unpleasant person 讨厌的家伙. 2 informer 告密者. ratatat

rate
1[reit; ret] n 1 standard of reckoning obtained by expressing the quantity or amount of one thing in relation to another 比率; 率: * walk at a/the rate of 3 miles an hour 以每小时3英里的速度行走 * produce cars at a rate of 50 a/per week 以每周50辆的速度生产汽车 * the annual `birth/`marriage/`death rate 年出生[结婚/死亡]率 * a high `pass/`failure rate, eg in an exam 高的及格[不及格]率 * the ex`change rate/the rate of ex`change, ie the number of units of one currency given in exchange for one unit of another 兑换率. 2 measure of value, charge or cost 价值、 费用或价格的量度: * a ,first-,,second-, ,third-rate `job 一等、 二等、 叁等的工作 * postal, advertising, insurance, etc rates 邮资、 广告费、 保险费 * a low/high hourly rate of pay 按小时收取的低[高]报酬 * special reduced rate for children, students, etc 儿童、 学生等的特惠价格 * Surveys offered at reasonable rates. 提供测定服务收费廉宜. * What's the going (ie current) rate for baby-sitters? 请临时保姆的费用现在是多少? 3 speed of movement, change, etc; pace （运动、 变化等的）速度; 进度: * at a great, dreadful, steady, etc rate 以很高的、 惊人的、 稳定的...速度 * His pulse-rate dropped suddenly. 他的脉搏突然放慢了. * double the rate of production, development, etc 使生产、 发展等速度提高一倍 * At the rate you work, you'll never finish. 按你这样的工作速度, 你绝对做不完. 4 (usu pl 通常作复数) (Brit) tax on land and buildings paid to local authorities （地方当局徵收的）房地产税: * set a rate of 66p in the pound, ie 66 pence for every pound of a property's value 规定按财产价值每英镑纳税66便士 * an extra 5 on/off (ie added to/deducted from) the rates 在房地产税中增加[扣除]5英镑. 5 (idm 习语) at `any rate whatever may happen; in any case 无论如何; 不管怎样: * That's one part of the job done at any rate. 不管怎麽说, 这个工作已经做了一部分了. at a rate of `knots (infml 口) very rapidly 极快地. at `this/`that rate (infml 口) if this/that continues; doing things this/that way; if this/that is typical 照这样[那样]下去; 照这样[那样]做; 如果情况就是这样[那样]的话:

rate1
* At this rate, we shall soon be bankrupt. 这样下去的话, 我们很快就要破产了. 复合： `rate-capping n [U] (in Britain) limit on the amount of money a local authority can raise through the rates, imposed by the Government to curb overspending （英国）政府为遏制超支, 限制地方当局徵收房地产税不得超过的最高限额. `ratepayer n (Brit) person liable to pay rates 房地产税的纳税人.

rateable
[5reitEbl; 5retEbl] adj (Brit) (of property) liable for payment of rates (rate1 4) （指财产）应纳税的: * the rateable value of a house, ie the value at which a house is assessed for rates 对一所房子的课税估价.

rather
[5ra:TE(r); - 'rA-; 5rATl] adv 1 (usu indicating criticism, disappointment or surprise 通常表示批评、 失望或惊奇) to a certain extent; fairly 在一定程度上; 颇. (a) (used before adjs and advs 用於形容词和副词之前): * We're having rather cold weather for June. 在六月里, 这样的天气未免有点冷. * The book is rather long. 这本书有点长. (Cf 参看 This is a rather long book.) * You've done rather badly in the test. 你考得够糟的. * For an Englishman he speaks French rather well. 他作为英国人, 法语说得很不错. (b) (used before comparatives 用於比较级之前): * This hotel is rather more expensive than that. 这家旅馆的收费比那家贵得多. * She drives rather faster than she ought. 她开车的速度比她正常的速度快多了. (c) (used before too 用於too之前): * The exercise was rather too difficult. 这练习未免太难了. * He spoke rather too quickly for me to understand. 他说得有些太快了, 我听不懂. 2 to a moderate extent; quite 或多或少; 有几分; 相当地. (a) (used before a det 用於限定词之前): * It seems rather a good idea. 这似乎是个相当不错的主意. * It's rather a shame that Joyce missed the concert. 乔伊斯未能参加音乐会, 有些可惜. (b) (used before a v 用於动词之前): * I rather suspect we're making a big mistake. 我有些怀疑我们可能犯了个大错. * We were rather hoping you'd be free on Friday. 我们很希望你星期五能有空. * The weather rather spoiled our trip to the seaside. 我们去海滨玩却因天气不太好而颇为扫兴. =>Usage at fairly 用法见fairly. 3 (idm 习语) or rather (used to introduce a more precise expression 用以提出更确切的说法): * I worked as a secretary, or rather, a typist. 我担任秘书工作, 说得准确些是打字员. * He had to walk or rather run to the office. 他得走着--应该说是跑着--去上班. would rather... (than); US also had rather... (than) (usu shortened to 通常略作 'd rather) prefer to 宁愿; 宁可; 较喜欢:

rather1
* I'd rather walk than take a bus. 我愿意走路而不愿意坐公共汽车. * She'd rather die than lose the children. 她宁可死也不愿失去孩子们. * `Some more wine?’ `Thank you, I'd rather not. I have to drive home.’ ‘再来一点酒好吗?’‘不要了, 我不能再喝了. 我还得开车回家呢.’ 派生： rather interj (dated 旧 Brit) (used when replying to a suggestion, etc and always stressed 用以回答提议等, 须重读) certainly 好哇; 当然: `How about a trip to the coast?’ `Rather!’ ‘去海滨玩玩好吗?’‘好极了!’ 复合： rather than prep in preference to (sb/sth); instead of 与其（某人[某事物]）; 不愿; 不要; 不是: I think I'll have a cold drink rather than coffee. 我想喝冷饮, 不想喝咖啡. * It's management that's at fault rather than the work-force. 错在资方而不在劳方. * Rather than risk breaking up his marriage he told his wife everything. 他惟 恐婚姻破裂, 把一切都告诉了妻子.

ratify
[5rAtifai; 5rAtE7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn] make (an agreement, a treaty, etc) officially valid, usu by signing it 使（协议、 条约等）正式生效（通常为经签署）; 正式批准. 派生： ratification[7rAtifi'keiFn; 7rAtEfE'keFEn] n [U] ratifying or being ratified 批准; 认可.

rating
[5reitiN; 5retiN] n 1 (a) [C, U] classification or ranking of sb/sth according to quality, etc （人或事物按品质、 特性等划分的）等级, 级别: * a high/low popularity, credibility, etc rating 受欢迎、 信用等程度高的[低的] * The critics' rating of the film was low. 评论电影的人对这部影片评价很低. * give medical research a high-priority rating 把医学研究置於高度优先的地位. (b) [C often pl 常作复数] (in the media) popularity of a programme, record, etc, as measured by the number of viewers, buyers, etc （传播媒介）（根据观众、 购买者等的人数得出的节目、 唱片等的）收视率, 收听率, 普及率: * Our show has gone up in the ratings. 我们节目的收视率提高了. * Blue Funk's new hit has had good ratings in the charts. 布鲁．芬克新灌录的唱片在流行音乐最畅销的每周目录上排名很高. 2 [C, U] (Brit) (calculation of the) amount payable as a local rate1(4) 房地产税徵收额（的计算）: * a rating of 60p in the pound 按财产估价每英镑60便士的房地产税徵收额. 3 [C] status of a person or business with regard to financial responsibility and trustworthiness （个人或公司在财务上的）信誉, 信用程度: * have/enjoy a high credit rating 信贷方面信誉良好. 4 (esp Brit) (in the navy) non-commissioned sailor （海军）士兵: * officers and ratings 海军官兵.

ratio
[5reiFiEu; 5reFi7o] n (pl ~s) relation between two amounts determined by the number of times one contains the other 比; 比率: * The ratios of 1 to 5 and 20 to 100 are the same. 1与5之比和20与100之比相同. * Men outnumber women here in the ratio of three to one. 此地男子数量以叁比一超过女子. Cf 参看 proportion.

ratiocination
[7rAti7Csi'neiFn; - 7rAFi-; 7rAFi7asn'eFEn] n [U] (fml 文) process of logical and methodical reasoning 推论; 推理.

ration
[5rAFn; 5rAFEn] n 1 [C] fixed quantity, esp an official allowance of food, etc in times of shortage 定量; （尤指食物等短缺时的）配给限额: * the weekly butter, coal, petrol, etc ration, eg during a war 黄油、 煤炭、 汽油等的每周配给量（如在战争期间） * [attrib 作定语] a ration card/book, ie entitling the holder to a ration 配给卡[簿]（持有者获配给品供应的凭证）. 2 rations [pl] fixed daily allowance of food in the armed forces, etc （军队等每日的）口粮: * draw rations 领取口粮. 3 (idm 习语) be on short rations => short1. 派生： ration v 1 [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (to sth) limit sb/sth to a fixed amount of sth 按定量向某人[某事物]供应某物; 配给: People were rationed to one egg a week. 每周配给一个鸡蛋. * Bread was rationed to one loaf per family. 每户供应一个面包. 2 (phr v) ration sth out distribute (food, etc) in fixed quantities 按定量分发（食品等）: ration the remaining water out among the survivors 把剩馀的水分发给幸存者. rationing n [U] system of limiting and sharing food, clothing, etc in times of shortage （食品、 衣物等短缺时实行的）配给制度: The Government may have to introduce petrol rationing. 政府可能不得不实行汽油限量供应.

rational
[5rAFnEl; 5rAFEnl] adj 1 able to reason 能推理的: * Man is a rational being. 人是有理性的生物. 2 not foolish or absurd; sensible; reasonable 出於理性的; 理智的; 明事理的; 讲道理的: * rational conduct 合理的行为 * a rational argument, explanation, solution, etc 合乎情理的论证、 解释、 解决方法等. 3 lucid or sane 头脑清醒的; 神志正常的: * Despite her recent stroke, she is quite rational. 她尽管最近曾患中风, 但头脑仍很清醒. * No rational person would go to work in his pyjamas. 任何神志正常的人都不会穿着睡衣去上班. 派生： rationality[7rAFE'nAlEti; 7rAFE'nAlEti] n [U] quality of being rational; reasonableness 理性; 合理性; 理智; 推理能力. rationally[-FnEli; -FEnli] adv: * think, behave, argue rationally 思考、 行为、 辩论合情合理.

rationale
[7rAFE'na:l; - -'nAl; 7rAFE'nAl] n fundamental reason for or logical basis of sth 基本原理; 理论基础: * the rationale behind a decision 一项决定的理论根据.

rationalism
[5rAFnElizEm; 5rAFEnl7izEm] n [U] practiceof testing all religious belief and knowledge by reason and logic 理性主义; 唯理主义; 唯理论. 派生： rationalist[-list; -list] adj, n (typical of a) person practising rationalism 理性主义者（的）; 唯理论者（的）. rationalistic[7rAFnE'listik; 7rAFEnl'istik] adj of rationalism or rationalists 理性主义（者）的; 唯理论（者）的.

rationalize, rationalise
[5rAFnElaiz; 5rAFEnl7aiz] v 1 [I, Tn] (try to) justify (one's actions, emotions, etc) by giving a rational explanation for them （试图）使（自己的行动、 情感等）有合理依据: * He's constantly rationalizing. 他总是不断反省是否言行合理. * She rationalized her decision to abandon her baby by saying she could not afford to keep it. 她为抛弃婴儿事辩称自己抚养不起. 2 [Tn] make (sth) more logical and consistent 使（某事物）更合理、 更一致: * an attempt to rationalize English spelling 使英语拼法更趋合理的做法. 3 [Tn] reorganize (a process, an industry, etc) in order to increase efficiency and reduce waste （为提高效率、 降低损耗而）改进（工序、 产业等）; 使合理化: * rationalize production, distribution, etc 使生产、 分配等合理化. > rationalization, -isation/ 9rFnElaI5zeIFn; US -lI5z-; 9rAFEnElI`zeFEn/ n [C, U].

ratline
(also ratlin)[5rAtlin; 5rAtlin] n (usu pl 通常作复数) short rope fixed between the shrouds of a sailing-ship, like a rung of a ladder, and used for climbing up or down 绳梯横索（轮船支索间作梯级用的横索）.

rattan
[rA'tAn; rA'tAn] n 1 [C] (long thin cane-like stem of an) E Indian palm 白 （东印度棕榈树）; 条. 2 [C] walking-stick or cane made from a rattan stem 杖. 3 [U] rattan stems used for weaving baskets, furniture, chair seats, etc 条（用於编篮筐、 家具、 座椅子等）.

rattle
[5rAtl; 5rAtl] v 1 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) make short sharp sounds quickly, one after the other; (cause sth to) shake while making such sounds （使某物）发出一连串的短促而尖利的声音; （使某物）颤动出声: * The windows were rattling in the wind. 风刮得窗户格格作响. * Hailstones rattled on the tin roof. 冰雹落在铁皮屋顶上发出砰砰声. * The wind rattled the windows. 风把窗户刮得颤悠悠地格格作响. 2 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (infml 口) make (sb) nervous; frighten or alarm 使（某人）紧张; 使恐惧; 使惊慌: * The policeman's visit really got her rattled. 警察来访可把她吓了一跳. 3 (phr v) rattle along, off, past, etc move with a rattling sound 移动时发出嘈杂声: * The old bus rattled along the stony road. 那辆旧公共汽车格登格登地沿碎石路行驶. * A cart rattled past (us). 一辆大车发出嘎吱嘎吱声经过我们身边. rattle away/on talk idly and at length; chatter 神聊; 喋喋不休: * He rattled on about his job, not noticing how bored she was. 他只顾喋喋不休地说自己工作上的事, 没注意到她有多麽腻烦. rattle sth off say or repeat sth quickly and meaninglessly 急促而不假思索地说或重述某事: * The child rattled off the poem he had learnt. 那孩子把学到的那首诗背得滚瓜烂熟. rattle through sth tell (a story), repeat (a list, etc) quickly 急急巴巴地讲（故事）或念（表册等）: * He rattled through the list of names. 他口中像爆豆一般念那名单. 派生： rattle n 1 [U, C] rattling sound 一连串的短促而尖利的声音: the rattle of bottles, chains, etc 瓶子揭匡 揭匡 响、 链子当 当 响 * the harsh rattle of machine-gun fire 机关枪射击时的刺耳的格格声 * The car has several irritating rattles at the back. 这辆汽车後部有几处发出烦人的嘈杂声. 2 [C] toy or device for producing a rattling sound 产生连续声音的玩具或器具: a baby's rattle 拨浪鼓 * Football fans sounded their rattles. 足球迷们弄响了他们那用来助阵的发声器.

rattle1
3 [C] horny rings on a rattlesnake's tail that make a rattling noise when shaken 响环（响尾蛇尾部的角质环, 摆动时格格作响）. rattling[5rAtliN; 5rAtliN] adj [attrib 作定语] (dated infml 旧, 口) fast or brisk 快的; 轻快的: * set a rattling pace 定出快速. adv very 非常: * spin a rattling good yarn, ie tell a very good story 讲一个非常好听的故事. 复合： `rattlesnake (also US infml 美式口语作 rattler[5rAtlE(r); 5rAtll] ) n poisonous American snake that makes a rattling noise with its tail when alarmed or threatened 响尾蛇（美洲毒蛇）.

ratty
=> rat.

raucous
[5rC:kEs; 5rCkEs] adj loud and hoarse; harsh-sounding 粗厉沙哑的; 刺耳的: * the raucous cries of the crows 乌鸦粗哑的叫声 * a raucous voice, laugh, etc 沙哑的声音、 笑声等. > raucously adv. raucousness n [U].

raunchy
[5rC:ntFi; 5rCntFi] adj (infml 口 esp US) having or showing sexual desire; coarse or obscene 有性欲的; 淫秽的; 猥亵的: * feel raunchy 有性欲 * a raunchy joke, story, etc 淫秽的笑话、 故事等. > raunchily adv. raunchiness n [U].

ravage
[5rAvidV; 5rAvidV] v [Tn] 1 damage (sth) badly; destroy 严重损坏（某物）; 毁坏: * forests ravaged by fire 毁於火灾的森林 * (fig 比喻) a face ravaged by disease, eg covered with marks after smallpox 因疾病而破相（如患天花後留有麻子）. 2 (of armies, etc) rob and plunder (sth) with violence （指军队等）抢劫, 掠夺（某物）: * Bands of soldiers ravaged the countryside. 成群的士兵洗劫了乡村. 派生： the ravages n [pl] ~s of sth destructive effect of sth; damage done by sth 某事物的破坏力或造成的破坏: the ravages of deforestation on the hills 滥伐山林的恶果 * (fig 比喻) The ravages of time had spoilt her looks. 岁月摧残了她的容貌.

rave
[reiv; rev] v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (at/against/about sb/sth) talk wildly or furiously as if in a fever or mad 胡言乱语; 说胡话; 说疯话: * The patient began to rave incoherently at the nurses. 病人对护士说起胡话来. 2 [Ipr] ~ about sb/sth (infml 口) speak or write about sb/sth with enthusiasm or admiration 热情地或赞赏地说或写到某人[某事物]: * She simply raved about French cooking. 她对法国烹调赞不绝口. 3 (idm 习语) rant and rave => rant. 派生： rave n 1 [esp attrib 尤作定语] (infml 口) enthusiastic praise 热情的赞美: The play got rave reviews/notices in the papers. 该剧在报刊上受到热烈的好评. 2 (also `rave-up) (dated Brit infml 旧, 口) lively party, dance, etc 活跃的聚会、 舞会等: have a rave-up 举办一次娱乐活动. raver n (infml esp ironic 口, 尤作反语) person leading a wild and exciting social life 放荡不羁的人: be a real/right little raver 是个真正的小放荡鬼. raving adj [attrib 作定语] talking wildly or furiously 胡言乱语的; 说胡话的: a raving lunatic 说胡话的疯子. adv (infml 口) utterly or completely 十足地; 完全地: You must be stark raving mad! 你简直疯了! ravings n [pl] wild or delirious talk 胡话; 疯话; 谵语: the ravings of a madman 疯子的胡话.

ravel
[5rAvl; 5rAvl] v (-ll-; US also -l-) 1 [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (up) (cause threads or fibres to) tangle and become knotted （使线或纤维）缠结. 2 [I] (of woven or knitted fabric) separate into threads; become untwisted; fray （使编织物或编结物）散成线, 绽线: * Bind the edge of the rug so that it won't ravel. 给地毯镶个边以免开线. Cf 参看 unravel 1.

raven
[5reivn; 5revEn] n large bird like a crow with glossy black feathers and a hoarse cry 渡鸦（较乌鸦大, 羽毛黑色而有光泽, 叫声嘶哑）. 派生： raven adj [attrib 作定语] (of hair) glossy and black （指毛发）乌亮的: silky raven hair 柔软乌亮的毛发.

ravening
[5rAvEniN; 5rAvEniN] adj [attrib 作定语] (esp of wolves) hungrily seeking prey or food （尤指狼群）觅食的: * a ravening beast 觅食的野兽.

ravenous
[5rAvEnEs; 5rAvEnEs] adj 1 very hungry 极饿的: * The ravenous lions tore at the carcass. 这些饥饿的狮子撕碎了那动物的 体. * (infml 口) Where's dinner? I'm ravenous! 饭呢? 我饿极了! 2 (of hunger, etc) very great （指饥饿等）极度的: * a ravenous appetite 嚣然思食. 派生： ravenously adv very hungrily; as if starving 饥肠辘辘; 像要饿死: eat ravenously 如饿狼般地吃.

ravine
[rE'vi:n; rE'vin] n deep narrow steep-sided valley between mountains 既深且狭、 坡度很大的山谷.

ravioli
[7rAvi'Euli; 7rAvi'oli] n [U] (Italian dish of) small square cases of pasta filled with meat, cheese, etc and usu served with a sauce （意大利式）方形饺（用肉、 乳酪等做馅, 通常加调味汁食用）.

ravish
[5rAviF; 5rAviF] v 1 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] fill (sb) with delight; enchant 使（某人）欣喜若狂; 使着迷; 使心醉: * I was ravished by her beauty. 我被她的美貌迷住了. 2 [Tn] (arch or fml 古或文) rape (a woman or girl) 强奸（女子）. 派生： ravishing adj (infml 口) delightful or enchanting; lovely 使人欣喜若狂的; 使人入迷的; 可爱的: a ravishing view, smile 醉人的景色、 笑容 * Darling, you look simply ravishing in that dress! 亲爱的, 你穿上那件连衣裙真漂亮! ravishingly adv.

raw
[rC:; rC] adj 1 uncooked 未经烹调的; 生的: * raw meat, vegetables, etc 生的肉、 蔬菜等 * eat oysters raw 吃生牡蛎. 2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (a) in the natural state; not yet processed or manufactured 自然状态的; 未经加工或制造的: * raw silk, sewage 生丝、 原污水 * raw (ie unrefined) sugar 粗糖（未精炼的） * raw (ie undiluted) spirit/alcohol 无水酒精（未经稀释的）. (b) not yet analysed or corrected 未进行分析或改正的: * processing raw data, statistics, etc 处理原始数据、 统计资料等 * feed raw data into a computer 把原始数据输入计算机. 3 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (fig 比喻) (of people) not yet skilled or trained; inexperienced （指人）不熟练的, 未经训练的, 无经验的: * raw recruits, eg in the army, etc 新成员（如新兵等） * a mistake made by a very raw reporter 毫无经验的记者犯的错误. 4 (a) (of wounds) unhealed; bloody （指创伤）未愈的, 流血的: * a raw cut, blister, etc 未愈的伤口、 水秙等. (b) (of a place on the skin) with the skin rubbed away and therefore sore（指皮肤某处）擦掉皮因而疼痛的: * The stirrup leathers rubbed raw patches on his legs. 马蹬皮带把他腿上的皮肤擦伤引起疼痛. 5 (a) artistically crude; lacking finish 技艺不熟的; 不完美的: * His literary style is still rather raw. 他的文学风格还很不成熟. (b) frank or realistic 如实的; 实际的: * a raw portrayal of working-class life 工人阶级生活的真实写照. 6 (of the weather) damp and cold （指天气）潮湿而寒冷的: * raw north-east winds 阴冷的东北风 * a raw February morning 二月里一个阴冷的早晨. 7 (of an edge of cloth) not hemmed or finished to prevent fraying （指布的边缘）未缝摺边的, 未包缝的. 8 (idm 习语) a raw/rough deal =>deal4. 派生： raw n (idm 习语) in the `raw (a) not made to seem better, pleasanter, etc than it is; unrefined 不加粉饰的; 未加工的: life, nature, etc seen in the raw 生活、 自然界等的原貌.

raw1
(b) (infml 口) without clothes; naked 无衣着的; 裸体的. touch sb on the raw => touch2. rawness n [U]. 复合： ,raw-`boned adj (usu derog 通常作贬义) with little flesh on the bones; gaunt 皮包骨头的; 骨瘦如柴的: a,raw-boned `horse, `peasant 骨瘦如柴的马、 农民. `rawhide n [U] untanned leather 生皮: [attrib 作定语] rawhide boots, whips, etc 生皮制成的皮靴、 皮鞭等. ,raw ma`terial (often pl 常作复数) natural product which manufacturing processes turn into another 原料: Coal, oil and minerals are the raw materials of industry. 煤、 石油和矿产品都是工业原料. * (fig 比喻) The writer's raw material is life. 作家从生活中汲取素材.

ray
1[rei; re] n 1 (a) narrow beam or line of light or other radiation, eg energy or heat （光或其他辐射, 如能或热的）线, 射线: * the rays of the sun 太阳的光线 * `X-rays X射线 * `heat-rays 热辐射线 * [attrib 作定语] a `ray gun, eg in science fiction 光线枪（如科学幻想小说中的）. (b) ~ of sth (fig 比喻) slight indication of sth good or hoped for （好事或所希望的事物的）点滴迹象: * a ray of comfort (for us) in these troubled times 在这些忧心的日子里（给予我们）的一丝安慰 * a few rays of hope 一线希望. 2 any one of a number of lines, bands, etc coming out from a centre （从中心向外发出的）线、 条、 带等. 3 (idm 习语) a ray of `sunshine (infml often ironic 口, 常作反语) person or thing that makes sb's life brighter or more cheerful 给某人的生活带来光明或快乐的人或事物.

rayon
[5reiCn; 5rean] n [U] silk-like fibre or fabric made from cellulose 人造丝; 人造丝纤维: * [attrib 作定语] rayon shirts 人造丝衬衫.

raze
(also rase)[reiz; rez] v [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: * Tn, Tn.pr] destroy (a building, town, etc) completely,usu by leaving no walls, etc standing (used esp in theexpression shown) 彻底破坏或摧毁（建 物、 城镇等）（尤用於以下示例）: * raze sth to the ground 将某物夷为平地.

razor
[5reizE(r); 5rezl] n instrument with a sharp blade, or with electrically-driven revolving cutters, used for shaving hair from the skin 剃刀; 刮脸刀; 电动剃胡刀: * a `safety razor, ie with guards protecting the blade 保险剃刀 * Vandals had slashed the tyres with a razor. 恣意破坏公物的人用剃刀把轮胎割破了. * a `razor socket, eg in a bathroom 剃刀插座（如浴室中的）. Cf 参看 shaver (shave). 复合： `razor-back n (US) hog of the southern US with a spinal ridge on its back 美国南部的一种猪, 背上有脊骨隆起. `razor-blade n blade (esp one that is disposable) used in a safety razor 保险刀片（尤指供一次使用的）. ,razor-`edge n (also ,razor's `edge) (fig 比喻) 1 sharp line of division 明显的分界线: a razor-edge of difference between genius and madness 天才和疯狂之截然不同. 2 (idm 习语) on a razor-edge/razor's edge in a dangerous or critical situation 处於危险的境地; 处於紧要关头: Since he escaped from gaol, Tom has been living on a razor's edge, terrified of recapture. 汤姆越狱後, 时时如惊弓之鸟, 生怕再次被捕. ,razor-`sharp adj extremely sharp 极锐利的: (fig 比喻) ,razor-sharp `wit, repar`tee, `criticism, etc 极敏锐的智力、 极巧妙的回答、 极尖锐的批评.

razz
[rAz; rAz] (US infml 口) v [Tn] make fun of (sb); ridicule 取笑（某人）; 嘲弄; 奚落: * kids razzing the teacher 拿老师取笑的小学生. 派生： razz n (US infml 口) = raspberry 2.

razzle
[5rAzl; 5rAzl] n (idm 习语) be/go (out) on the razzle (infml 口) be/go out to celebrate and enjoy oneself; be/go on a spree 外出庆祝和找乐; 寻欢作乐.

razzmatazz
[7rAzmE'tAz; 7rAzmE'tAz] (also razzamatazz/ 9rAzEmE5tAz; `rAzEmE9tAz/) n [U] (infml 口) glamour and excitement; extravagant publicity 魅力; 刺激; 令人眼花缭乱的场面: * all the razzamatazz of showbiz 娱乐行业令人眼花缭乱的一切.

RC
[7a: 'si:; 7ar 'si] abbr 缩写 = 1 Red Cross 红十字（会）. 2 Roman Catholic 天主教: * St Mary's Church (RC), eg on a street map 圣马利亚教堂（天主教）（如街道地图的标示）.

RCM
[7a: si: 'em; 7ar si 'em] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Royal College of Music 皇家音乐学院.

RD
[7a: 'di:; 7ar 'di] abbr 缩写 = (US) (in postal addresses) rural delivery （作邮递标记）乡村投递: * RD2 West Stockbridge, Massachusetts 马萨诸塞州西斯托克布里奇乡村投递2区.

re
echo

re-laid
pt, pp of re-lay.

reach
[ri:tF; ritF] v 1 [Ipr, Ip] ~ for sth; ~ out (to sb/sth) stretch out (one's hand) in order to touch, grasp or take sth 伸出（手）以触到、 抓到或拿到某物: * He reached for his gun. 他伸手去拿枪. * I reached across the table for the jam. 我伸手到桌子那端去拿果酱. * (fig 比喻) We must reach out to those in need. 我们应该伸出援助之手, 帮助有困难的人. 2 [Tn.p, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth down/over; ~ sth (down/over) for sb (infml 口) stretch one's hand out or up and take sth; get and give sth (to sb) 伸手取某物; 把某物递给（某人）: * Please reach (me) the atlas down from the bookshelf. 请把那本地图册从书架上取下来（递给我）. * Can you reach me (over) my slippers? They're under the bed. 你能把我的拖鞋递给我吗? 拖鞋在床底下呢. 3 [Ipr, Tn] ~ (to) sth extend to sth; be able to stretch up, out, etc and touch sth 延伸到某处; 够得着某物: * I can just about reach the apples on the top branch. 我只差一点就能够着最上边树枝上的苹果. * My feet can hardly reach the pedals. 我的脚怎麽也够不着踏板. * Her hair nearly reached down to her waist. 她的头发几乎垂到了腰部. 4 [Tn] communicate with (sb) esp by telephone 与（某人）取得联系; （尤指）给（某人）打电话: * reach her at home on 0355-694162 拨0355-694162号码打电话到她家与她联系 * I can't reach him by phone/on the phone. 我打电话找不到他. 5 [Tn] (a) go as far as (sb/sth/a place); get to or arrive at 到达（某人[某物]）那里; 到达（某处）: * reach York by one o'clock 一点钟到约克 * reach the end of the chapter 读到这一章的末尾 * reach a speed of 500 mph 达到每小时500英里的速度 * Not a sound reached our ears. 我们一点声音都听不见. * The rescuers reached him just in time. 救援人员及时赶到他那里. (b) achieve (sth); attain 达成（某事物）; 达到; 获得: * reach a conclusion, decision, verdict, etc 做出结论、 决定、 判决等

reach1
* You'll know better when you reach my age. reach2 /// (hand).

react
[ri5Akt; ri5Akt] v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (to sb/sth) behave differently or change as a result of sth; respond 作出反应; 回应: * Pinch me and I will react. 你要掐我我就有反应. * People can react badly to certain food additives. 有的人对某些食物添加剂产生严重变态反应. * react positively/negatively to a suggestion 对一项建议作出赞成的[反对的]回应 * She reacted to the insult by turning her back on him. 她受他侮辱之後就不再理睬他了. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (against sb/sth) respond to sb/sth with hostility, resistance, etc 反对; 反抗; 反动: * react strongly against tax increases 强烈反对增税 * Will the people ever react against this dictator? 有朝一日人民会起来反抗这个独裁者吗? 3 (chemistry 化) (a) [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ with sth; ~ (together) (of substances) undergo changes by coming into contact with sth （指物质）起化学反应: * Iron reacts with water and air to produce rust. 铁与水和空气起化学反应而生. * Sodium and water react (together). 钠和水能起反应. (b) [Ipr] ~ on sth have an effect on sth or produce a change in sth 对某事物有影响; 使某事物产生变化: * How do acids react on metals? 酸对金属起什麽反应?

reactant
[ri5AktEnt; ri5AktEnt] n (chemistry 化) substance taking part in a chemical reaction 反应物. Cf 参看 product 3.

reaction
[ri5AkFn; ri5AkFEn] n 1 [C, U] ~ (to sb/sth) response to a situation, an act, an influence, etc （对情况、 行动、 影响等做出的）反应, 回应: * What was his reaction to the news? 他对这消息的反应如何? * Her arrest produced an immediate/a sudden reaction from the press. 她被捕的事立刻[突然]在新闻界引起反响. * the shocked reaction of schools to education cuts 学校对削减教育经费的激烈反应 * Reaction to his taunts will only encourage him. 别理会他恶言寻 , 一理他更来劲儿. 2 [sing] physical response, usu a bad one, to a drug, chemical substance, etc （由药物、 化学物质等引起的）生理上的反应（通常指不良反应）: * an allergic reaction to animals, birds, etc 对兽类、 鸟类等的变态反应 * I had a bad reaction after my typhoid injection. 我注射伤寒针剂後产生了不良反应. 3 [sing, U] return to a previous state after a period of the opposite condition 回复到原来的状态; 复旧: * After all the excitement there was (an inevitable) reaction, eg a time when life seemed dull again. 热闹一番过後, （不可避免地）又恢复了旧观（生活沉闷如故）. 4 [U] opposition to (esp political) progress or reform 反对（尤指政治的）进步或改革; 反动: * The forces of reaction made reform difficult. 反动势力给改革造成了困难. 5 [C, U] chemical change producedby two or more substances acting upon each other 化学反应: * nuclear reaction, ie change within the nucleus of an atom 核反应. 派生： reactionary/ri5AkFEnri; - -Eneri; ri5AkFEn7eri] n, adj (person) opposing (esp political) progress or reform 反对（尤指政治的）进步或改革的（人）; 反动的（人）.

reactivate
[7ri:'Aktiveit; ri5AktE7vet] v [Tn] bring (sth) back into operation; make active again 使（某物）重新运转; 使恢复活力: * reactivate an old generator 使旧发电机重新运转 * reactivate a spacecraft's defence system 使宇宙飞船防卫系统重新进入工作状态 * reactivate our links/contacts with China 恢复我们与中国的联系.

reactor
[ri5AktE(r); ri5Aktl] n 1 (also nuclear reactor) apparatus for the controlled production of nuclear energy 反应器; 反应堆. 2 substance taking part in or undergoing a chemical reaction 反应物; 反应剂.

read
[ri:d; rid] v (pt, pp read/red; red] ) 1 [I, Tn] (used in the simple tenses or with can/be able 用於简单时态, 或与can/be able连用) (be able to) understand the meaning of (written or printed words or symbols) 理解（文字或印刷符号）的意义; 阅读: * be able to/know how to read and write well 有很好的读写能力 * I can't read your untidy writing. 你的字太乱, 我看不懂. * read shorthand, Chinese (characters), Braille, music 理解速记符号、 看懂汉字、 辨认盲文、 阅读乐谱 * A motorist must be able to read traffic signs. 机动车辆驾驶员必须能看懂交通标志. 2 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.p, Tw no passive 不用於被动语态, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) go through (written or printed words, etc) silently or aloud to others 读, 默读, 朗诵（文字等）: * I haven't enough time to read/for reading. 我没有足够的时间读书. * He was reading silently/to himself. 他正在默读. * His work is not much read (ie Few people read it) nowadays. 他的作品现在很少有人看. * She read (to us) from her book. 她（向我们）朗诵她的书. * Read (the letter) aloud, please. 请大声念（这封信）. * read proofs, ie read and correct the proofs of a book, etc 读校样（校对） * He read the article through twice. 他把那篇文章通读了两遍. * Read this over for mistakes. 把这校阅一下. * Read what the instructions say. 看看说明书上是怎样说的. * She read a story to us/read us a story. 她给我们读了一篇故事. 3 [Ipr, Tn, Tf, Tw no passive 不用於被动语态] ~ about/of sb/sth discover or find out about sb/sth by reading 藉助阅读发现某人[某事物]的情况: * I read about/of her in today's paper. 我在今天的报纸上读到关於她的消息. * read the news, the share prices, etc 看新闻、 了解股票行情 * I read that he had resigned. 我看到他已辞职的报道. * We read how it was done. 我们看到了资料, 知道是怎麽做的了.

read1
4 [Ipr, Tn] ~ (for) sth study (a subject), esp at a university 研究（某学科）; （尤指在大学）攻读, 学习: * read classics, law, etc at Oxford 在牛津大学学古典文学、 法律等 * read for a physics degree/a degree in physics 攻读物理学位 * read for the Bar, ie study law to become a barrister 学习法律准备当律师. 5 (a) [Tn] learn the significance of (sth); interpret 领会（某事物）的意义; 解释: * read sb's mind/thoughts 了解某人的想法 * read (sb's fortune in) the cards 解（某人吉凶的）纸牌含义 * A gypsy read my hand/palm, ie told me about myself and my future by looking at the lines on the palm of my hand. 一个吉卜赛人为我看手相. * Doctors must be able to read symptoms correctly. 医生要有正确诊断症状的能力. * How do you read the present situation? 你对当前的形势怎样看? (b) [Cn.n/a esp passive 尤用於被动语态]~ sth as sth (of a statement, action, etc) convey meaning(s) which may not be intended （指言语、 行动等）有别的意思（可能并非有意表达的）: * Silence must not always be read as consent. 沉默并不见得一定意味着同意. 6 [I] have a certain wording 有某字样: * The sign reads `Keep Left.’ 路标上写着‘靠左行驶.’ * The clause reads thus/as follows... 该条款内容如下.... 7 (a) [In/pr] (of measuring instruments) indicate a certain weight, pressure, voltage, etc （指测量仪器）显示某一重量、 压力、 电压等数值: * What does the scale, dial, gauge, etc read? 刻度尺、 刻度盘、 量规等显示的读数是多少? * The meter reads 5500 units. 仪表标明为5500单位. (b) [Tn, Tw] receive information from instruments （从仪器中）得到信息: * read the gas/electric meter 从煤气[电]表中看到读数 * I can't read what the thermometer says. 我不会看温度表上的度数. 8 [I] give a certain impression 给予某种印象: * The story reads well/badly. 这篇小说读起来很不错[不好].

read2
* The poem reads like (ie sounds as if it is) a translation. 这首诗听起来像是翻译作品. 9 [Tn] hear and understand (sb speaking on a two-way radio) 听明白（某人在双向无线电通讯中说的话）: * `Are you reading me?’ `Reading you loud and clear.’ ‘你听得清我的话吗?’‘听清了, 声音又大又清楚.’ 10 [Tn.pr, Cn.n/a] ~ A for B; ~ B for A (of corrections in text) replace (one word, etc) with another （指勘误）将（某词语等）改作另一词语等: * For `neat' in line 3 read `nest'. 把第3行中的‘neat’改为‘nest’. 11 (idm 习语) ,read between the `lines look for or discover a meaning in sth written or spoken that is not openly stated 找出或发觉字里行间的言外之意. ,read sb like a `book (infml 口) understand clearly sb's motives, thoughts, etc 清楚地了解某人的动机、 思想等: * I can read you like a book: * you're not sorry at all. 我可以看透你的心思: * 你根本就不感到懊悔. ,read (sb) the `Riot Act declare authoritatively (to sb) that sth must stop （向某人）宣布不得再做某事: * When he came home drunk again, she read him the Riot Act. 他又一次醉醺醺地回到家里, 她立刻警告他下不为例. ,read oneself/sb to `sleep read until one/sb falls asleep 读着读着就使自己[某人]睡着了. ,take it/sth as `read assume sth without a need for discussion 不妨认定某事: * We can take it as read that she will object. 我们可以肯定她一定反对. * You can take his agreement as read. 你可以确信他一定会同意. 12 (phr v) read on continue reading 继续读; 读下去: * Will Tom and Sue's quarrel mean divorce? Now read on... 汤姆和休争吵是不是要离婚呢? 往下读吧.... read sth back read (a message, etc) aloud so that its accuracy can be checked 读出（信息内容等）以供校验: * Read me back that telephone number. 把那个电话号码念给我听听. read sth into sth assume that sth means more than it does 将本来没有的意思加进去解释; 自以为有某种含义:

read3
* You have read into her letter a sympathy that she cannot possibly feel. 你误解她信中有同情的意思, 她根本不可能有这种感觉. read sth out read sth aloud, esp to others 读出（文字内容）（尤指为别人）: * She read out the letter to all of us. 她给我们大家念了那封信. read sb/sth up; read up on sb/sth read extensively about or make a special study of (a subject) 广泛阅读（某学科的着作）; 对（某学科）作专门研究: * I must read Nelson up/read up on Nelson for the history exam. 我为准备历史考试得专门研究一下纳尔逊的生平事迹. 派生： read/ri:d; rid] n [sing] (infml 口 esp Brit) 1 period or act of reading 阅读: * have a long, quiet, little, etc read 长时间、 静静、 短时间等的阅读 * Can I have a read of that timetable? 我可以看一下那张时间表吗? 2 (withan adj 与形容词连用) writer, book, etc that is interestingto read 使人感兴趣的书、 某作家的着作等: * This author/novel is a very good read. 这位作家的着作[这部小说]非常好. read/red; red] adj (preceded by an adv 用於副词之後) having knowledge gained from reading 博学的: * a well-read person 博览群书的人 * be widely read in the classics 有渊博的古典文学知识. readable[5ri:dEbl; 5ridEbl] adj 1 that can be read easily or enjoyably 易读的; 读起来令人愉快的: * a highly readable style, essay, article, etc 脍炙人口的风格、 随笔、 文章等. 2 (of handwriting, etc) that can be read （指笔迹等）能辨认的. Cf 参看 legible. readability/ 9ri:dE5bIlEtI; 9ridE`bIlEtI/ n [U]. 复合： ,read `only (computing 计) (of information) that a person can read but not change （指信息）只读: I have read-only access to my bank files. 我用只读方式存取我的银行文件. Cf 参看 random access (random). ,read only `memory (abbr 缩写 ROM) computer memory storing data that cannot be altered or removed and that can be found by random access 只读存储器: The most important programs are in the read only memory. 最重要的程序都在只读存储器中. Cf 参看 random access memory (random).

read4
`read-out n [C, U] (computing 计) (act of extracting) information from a memory or storage device 读出.

readdress
[7ri:E'dres; 5riE'dres] (also redirect) v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sb/sth) change the address on (a letter, etc) 更改（信件等）的地址: * readdress the parcel to her new home 把包裹上的地址改写成她新居的地址.

reader
[5ri:dE(r); 5ridl] n 1 person who reads, esp one who is fond of reading 读者; （尤指）爱好读书的人: * an avid, slow, etc reader 废寝忘食的读者、 看书看得慢的人 * Happy Christmas to all our readers! eg as a notice in a newspaper, magazine, library, etc 祝全体读者圣诞快乐! （如报刊、 图书馆等的贺词） * He's a great reader of science fiction. 他很喜欢看科学幻想小说. 2 book intended to give students practice in reading 阅读教材; 读物; 读本: * graded English readers, eg for foreign learners 分级英语读本（如供外国学习者使用的）. 3 Reader ~ (in sth) (Brit) senior university teacher of a rank immediately below a professor 教授（职位仅次於讲座教授）: * Reader in English Literature 英国文学教授. 4 (also publisher's reader) person employed to readand report on the suitability of manuscripts for publication（出版部门的）审稿人. 5 person employed to read and correct proofs at a printer's 校对员. 6 (also lay reader) person appointed to read aloud parts of a service in church （教堂仪式中指定的）朗诵经文者. 派生： readership n 1 [C] ~ (in sth) (Brit) position of a Reader(3) 教授的职位: hold, have a readership in Maths 担任数学教授. 2 [sing] (a) number of readers of a newspaper, periodical, etc （报刊等的）读者人数: The Daily Echo has a readership of over ten million. 《每日回声报》拥有读者逾一千万人. (b) number of readers of an author, journalist, etc （作家、 新闻工作者的）读者人数: Len Deighton has/commands a large readership. 莱恩．戴顿有很多读者.

readily, readiness
=> ready.

reading
[5ri:diN; 5ridiN] n 1 [U] (a) action of a person who reads 阅读; 朗读: * be fond of reading 喜欢读书 * [attrib 作定语] reading matter, ie books, newspapers, etc 阅读材料（书、 报等） * have a reading knowledge of French, ie understand it when written 有阅读法语的能力. (b) books, etc intended to be read 读物; 读本: * heavy/light reading, ie for study/entertainment 学习[消遣]读物 * Her articles make/are interesting reading for travellers. 她的文章旅行的人很喜欢看. (c) knowledge gained from books 书本知识: * a pupil of wide reading 有丰富书本知识的学生. 2 [C] amount indicated or registered by a measuring instrument （仪器上的）读数: * readings on a thermometer, dial, etc 温度计、 刻度盘等的读数 * The readings we took were well above average. 我们记录的读数远远高於平均数. 3 [C] way in which sth is interpreted or understood （对某事物的）解释, 理解: * my reading of this clause in the contract, ie what I think it means 我对合同中这一条款的理解 * Give me your reading of the situation. 告诉我你对局势的看法. 4 [C] variant wording of a text, esp when more than one version of it exists 异文（尤指不同版本的）: * different readings (eg by editors) of a speech in Hamlet 《哈姆雷特》剧中一段台词的异文（如经编者改动过的）. 5 [C] (a) entertainment at which sth is read to an audience; passage read in this way 朗诵会; 朗诵的章节: * a poetry-/play-reading 诗歌[剧本]朗诵会 * readings from Dickens 狄更斯作品的朗诵片段. (b) formal announcement of sth to an audience 向公众正式宣布的事物; 告白: * the reading of a will, marriage banns, etc 遗嘱、 结婚等的启事. (c) formal reading aloud of a passage from the Bible （在仪式上朗读的）《圣经》中的章节: * a reading from St John's gospel 选自《约翰福音》的朗读. 6 [C] (in the British parliament) one of the three stages of debate through which a Bill must pass before it is ready for royal assent （英国议会中）一法案在提交国王批准以前须通过的叁读之任何一次.

reading1
复合： `reading age one's ability to read, measured by comparing it with the average ability of children of the specified age 阅读年龄（与某年龄儿童的平均阅读能力相比较而测定的某人的阅读能力）: adults with a reading age of eight 有相当於八岁儿童阅读能力的成年人. `reading-desk n desk for supporting a book that is being read （读书用的）书桌. `reading-glasses n [pl] glasses for reading (as contrasted with those for seeing things at a distance) 阅读眼镜（与一般视物所用者有别）. `reading-lamp (also `reading-light) n lamp designed or placed to give light so that a person can read 供阅读使用的灯. `reading-room n room in a library, club, etc set aside for reading 阅览室.

readjust
[7ri:E'dVQst; 7riE'dVQst] v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr no passive 不用於被动语态] ~ (oneself) (to sth) adapt (oneself) again 使（自己）重新适应: * It's hard to readjust (oneself) to life in Britain after working abroad. 在国外工作之後, 很难重新适应英国的生活. * You need time to readjust (to living alone). 你需要些时间才能重新习惯（过单身生活）. 2 [Tn] set or adjust (sth) again 重新安排或调整（某事物）: * readjust the engine tuning, TV set, lighting 调节发动机、 电视机、 灯光. 派生： readjustment n 1 [U] readjusting or being readjusted重新适应; 重新调整: go through a period of readjustment 经过一段重新适应的时期. 2 [C] act of readjusting 重新适应; 重新调整: make minor readjustments to the wiring 对线路作些微调整.

ready
[5redi; 5redi] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 [pred 作表语] ~ (for sth/to do sth) (a) in a fit state for immediate use or action; fully prepared or completed 准备好: * get ready for a journey 准备旅行 * I've got my overalls on, so I'm ready to start work. 我已经穿上了长罩衣, 准备开始工作了. * Your dinner is ready. 你的饭已经准备好了. * Ready, steady, go! ie said at the start of a race. 各就各位, 预备, 跑! * `Shall we go?’ `I'm ready when you are!’ ‘咱们走吗?’‘我准备好了, 就等你了!’ (b) (of a person) resolved to do sth; willing and eager （指人）决心做某事的, 愿意并急欲采取行动的: * He's always ready to help his friends. 他总是乐於帮助朋友. * Don't be so ready to find fault. 不要动不动就挑毛病. * The troops were ready for anything. 部队已做好了一切准备. 2 [pred 作表语] ~ to do sth on the point of doing sth; about to do sth 即将做某事; 正要做某事: * She looked ready to collapse at any minute. 她看样子随时都可能垮下来. 3 (a) [attrib 作定语] quick and facile; prompt 敏捷的; 立刻行动的: * have a ready wit, mind, tongue 头脑机敏、 脑子快、 口齿伶俐 * a ready answer to the question 对问题的随口而出的回答 * a ready solution to the problem 对问题的当场解决. (b) [pred 作表语] ~ with sth (of a person) quick to give sth （指人）敏於某事物: * be too ready with excuses, criticisms, etc 很会找藉口、 挑毛病等. 4 within reach; easily available 在可及范围内; 容易得到: * Keep your dictionary ready (to hand) at all times. 把词典时时 放在手边. * This account provides you with a ready source of income. 这个户头为你提供了一个现成的收入来源. * There's a ready market for antiques, ie Buyers are easily found for them. 古董的销路很好（很容易找到买主）. 5 (idm 习语) make ready (for sth) prepare 做好准备: * make ready for the Queen's visit 为女王莅临做好准备. ,ready and `waiting fully prepared and available for a particular task, activity, etc 做好充分准备以执行某任务、 进行某活动等. rough and ready => rough.

ready1
派生： readily[-ili; -ili] adv 1 without hesitation; willingly 毫不迟疑地; 欣然: * answer questions readily 毫不迟疑地回答问题. 2 without difficulty; easily 无困难地; 不费事地; 容易地: * The sofa can be readily converted into a bed. 这张沙发可以很容易改成床. readiness[5redinis; 5redinis] n [U] 1 state of being ready or prepared 有准备; 准备就绪: * the troops' readiness for battle 部队的临战状态 * have everything in readiness for an early start 为及早出发做好一切准备 * hold oneself in readiness to take control 准备好以便控制. 2 willingness or eagerness 愿意; 乐意: * her readiness to help 她乐於助人的品性. 3 quickness and facility; promptness 敏捷; 迅速: * readiness of wit 机智. ready n 1 the ready [sing] (also readies [pl]) (infml 口) available money; cash 现款; 现金: not have enough of the ready 现金不足. 2 (idm 习语) at the `ready (a) (of a rifle) in the position for aiming and firing （指步枪）瞄准目标准备射击. (b) ready for immediate action or use 准备立即行动; 随时可用: reserve troops held at the ready 准备投入战斗的预备役部队 * He had his camera at the ready. 他把照相机准备好, 可随时拍摄. ready adv (used before a past participle 用於过去分词之前) beforehand; already 预先; 已经: ready cooked, mixed, etc 预先做熟的、 混合好的等. ready v (pt, pp -died) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (for sth) make sb/sth ready; prepare sb/sth 使某人[某事物]做好准备: ships readied for battle 作好战斗准备的舰艇. 复合： ,ready-`made adj 1 (esp of clothes) made in standardsizes, not to any particular customer's measurements （尤指衣服）现成的: a ,ready-made `suit 一套成衣. 2 (a) of a standard type 标准型的: buy ,ready-made ,Christmasdeco`rations 购买配套的圣诞节饰物. (b) (fig derog 比喻, 贬) not original 非独创的; 陈腐的: come to a subject with ready-made ideas 用旧思想来对待问题.

ready2
3 very appropriate; ideal 恰当的; 理想的: a ready-made answer to the problem 对该问题的妥善解决办法. ,ready `money (also ,ready `cash) (infml 口) actual coins and notes; immediate payment (instead of credit) 现款; （立即支付的）现金: payment in ready money 现金支付. ,ready `reckoner book, table, etc of answers to calculations of the type most commonly needed in business 计算便览; 简便计算表.

reaffirm
[7ri:E'fE:m; 7riE'fEm] v [Tn, Tf] state (sth) positively again; affirm again 重申（某事物）; 再确认: * reaffirm one's loyalty 重申个人的忠诚 * She reaffirmed that she was prepared to help. 她再次表明她乐於提供帮助.

reafforest
[7ri:E'fCrist; - -'fC:r-; 7riE'fCrEst] (US reforest[7ri:'fCrist; - -'fC:r-; ri5fCrist] ) v [Tn] replant (an area of land) with forest trees 在（某地）重新造林.> reafforestation[7ri:E7fCri5steiFn; - -7fC:r-; 7riEfCrEs'teFEn] (US reforestation[7ri:7fCr-; - -7fC:r-; 7rifCr-] ) n [U].

reagent
[ri:'eidVEnt; ri5edVEnt] n (chemistry 化) substance used to cause a chemical reaction, esp to detect another substance 试药; 试剂; 反应物.

real
[riEl; 5riEl] adj 1 (a) existing as a thing or occurring as a fact; not imagined or supposed 确实的; 实在的: * real and imagined fears, illnesses, achievements 确实的和想像的恐惧、 疾病、 成就 * Was it a real person you saw or a ghost? 你看见的是真人还是鬼? * The growth of violent crime is a very real problem. 暴力犯罪的增加是个非常现实的问题. (b) [attrib 作定语] not apparent; actual or true 真实的; 真正的: * Real life is sometimes stranger than fiction. 现实生活有时比小说还离奇. * Who is the real manager of the firm (ie the person who effectively runs it)? 谁是这家商行真正管事的经理? * The doctors couldn't bring about a real (ie permanent) cure. 这些医生都无根治良方. * Tell me the real reason. 把真正的原因告诉我. 2 not imitation; genuine 非模仿的; 真的: * real silk, gold, pearls, etc 真丝、 真金、 真正的珍珠 * Is that real hair or a wig? 那是真发还是假发? 3 [attrib作定语] (of incomes, values, etc) assessed by their purchasing power （指收入、 价值等）按购买力衡量的: * Real incomes have gone up by 10% in the past year. 去年实际收入提高了10%. * This represents a reduction of 5% in real terms, ie when inflation, etc has been allowed for. 这相当於实际上减少了5%（考虑到通货膨胀等因素）. 4 (idm 习语) for `real (infml 口) (a) seriously; in earnest 严肃地; 认真地: * This isn't a practice game; we're playing for real. 这可不是练习; 我们是在认真地比赛. (b) genuine 真正的: * I don't think her tears were for real. 我认为她的眼泪不是真的. the ,real `thing/Mc`Coy/ mE5kRI; mE`kRI/ (infml 口) (a) the ultimate experience, achievement, etc 了不起的经历、 成就等: * Marathons are the real McCoy these little jogs are no challenge at all. 马拉松赛跑才是真玩意儿--这些慢跑根本不算回事. (b) the authentic article 真货色: * Bottled lemon juice is no good you must use the real thing. 瓶装柠檬汁可不行--你得用真货.

real1
派生： real adv (US or Scot infml 用於美国或苏格兰, 口) very; really 非常; 的确: have a real fine time, a real good laugh 玩得、 笑得非常痛快 * I'm real sorry. 我非常抱歉. 复合： ,real `ale (Brit) draught ale or beer that is made and stored in the traditional way （按传统方法酿造及储存的）散装麦芽啤酒或普通啤酒. `real estate 1 (also realty, real property) (law 律) immovable property, consisting of land, buildings, etc 不动产. Cf 参看 personal property (personal). 2 (US) (business of selling) houses, land for building, etc 房屋、 建房用地等（的销售业务）. ,real `number (mathematics 数) number that has no imaginary part 实数. ,real `tennis (also ,royal `tennis) ancient form of tennis played in an indoor court 纯网球, 宫廷网球, 皇家网球（古时在室内场地进行的）. ,real `time (computing 计) (of a system) that can receive continually changing data from outside sources, process this rapidly, and supply results that influence the sources 实时.

realign
[7ri:E'lain; 7riE'lain] v 1 [Tn] bring (sth) into a new or former arrangement; align again 使（某事物）（按新的或原先的方式）重新排列: * realign ranks of troops 重整部队队形 * The chairs were realigned to face the stage. 椅子已重新排好面向舞台. 2 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr no passive 不用於被动语态] ~ (oneself) (with sth) (esp politics 尤用於政治) form into new groups; reorganize 重组; 改组; 整编: * The party may realign (itself) with Labour in a new coalition. 该党可能与工党重新组成新的联盟. > realignment n [U, C]: * the realignment of car wheels 对汽车轮的重新校整 * various realignments in political parties 政治派别中各种各样的重新组合.

realism
[5riElizEm; 5riEl7izEm] n [U] 1 attitudes and behaviour based on the acceptance of facts and the rejection of sentiment and illusion 现实主义的态度和行为. 2 (in art and literature) portrayal of familiar things as they really are without idealizing them （文艺的）现实主义, 写实主义. Cf 参看 classicism, romanticism (romantic). 3 (philosophy 哲) theory that matter has real existence independent of our perception of it 唯实论; 实在论. Cf 参看 idealism. 派生： realist n 1 writer, painter, etc whose work shows realism(2) 现实主义的作家、 画家等: [attrib 作定语] a realist writer, novel, style . 2person who shows realism(1) in his attitudes and behaviour现实主义者: I'm a realist I know you can't change people's attitudes overnight. 我是实事求是的人--知道不可能在一夜之间改变人们的看法. realistic[7riE'listik; 7riE'listik] adj 1 (in art and literature) showing realism(2) （文艺的）现实主义的, 写实主义的. 2 based on facts rather than on sentiment or illusion; practical 实事求是的: * a realistic person, attitude 实事求是的人、 态度 * Be realistic you can't expect a big salary at eighteen. 实际一点吧--你别指望十八岁就能挣高薪. 3 (of wages or prices) high enough to pay the worker or seller adequately （指工资或价格）够高的: * Is this a realistic salary for such a responsible job? 这种工 作责任重大, 这份薪水够高吗? realistically[-kli; -kli] adv.

reality
[riA'lEti; ri5AlEti] n 1 [U] quality of being real or of resembling an original 真实（性）: * the lifelike reality of his paintings 他的绘画作品中表现的真实性. 2 [U] all that is real; the real world, as contrasted with ideals and illusions 现实; 现实世界: * bring sb back to reality, ie make him give up his illusions 使某人面对现实 * escape from the reality of everyday existence 逃避现实 * face (up to) (ie accept) reality 正视（承认）现实. 3 [C often pl 常作复数] thing that is actually experienced or seen; thing that is real 实际经历或目睹过的事物: * the harsh realities (eg poverty, misery, etc) of unemployment 失业的严酷现实 * He cannot grasp the realities of the situation. 他未能掌握实际情况. * The plan will soon become a reality, ie will be carried out. 这计画不久就要化为现实. 4 (idm 习语) in re`ality in actual fact; really 事实上; 实际上: * The house looks very old, but in reality it's quite new. 这房子看起来很旧, 实际上很新.

realize, realise
[5riElaiz; 5riE7laiz] v 1 [Tn, Tf, Tw no passive 不用於被动语态] (not used in the continuous tenses 不用於进行时态) be fully aware of or accept (sth) as a fact; understand 认识到或承认（某事物）属实; 了解到: * realize one's mistake 认识到自己的错误 * realize the extent of the damage 了解到破坏的程度 * She realized that he had been lying. 她明白了他一直在说谎. * I fully realize why you did it. 我完全了解你为什麽要做这事. 2 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] convert (plans, etc) into reality 实现（计画等）: * realize one's hopes, ambitions, etc 实现自己的希望、 抱负等 * Her worst fears were realized, ie The things she was most afraid would happen did happen. 她最担心的事情终於发生了. 3 (fml 文) (a) [Tn] convert (property, shares, etc) into money by selling 变卖（财产、 股票等）: * realize one's assets 变卖自己的财产 * Can these bonds berealized at short notice? 这些债券能在短期内兑现吗? (b)[Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (on sth) (of goods, etc) be sold for (a price); (of a person) sell sth for (a price) （指货物等）卖得（某价钱）; （指人）将某物卖得（某价钱）: * The furniture realized 900 at the sale. 拍卖这家具获900英镑. * How much did you realize on those paintings? 那些画你卖了多少钱? 派生： realizable, -isable[-Ebl; -Ebl] adj that can be realized (realize 2) 可实现的. realization, -isation[7riElai'zeiFn; - -li'z-; 7riElE'zeFEn] n 1 [U] realizing (facts, hopes, plans, etc) （事情等）发生; （希望、 计画等）实现: * I was struck by the sudden realization that I would probably never see her again. 我突然意识到可能再也见不到她了. 2 [U] converting property into money 变卖财产.

really
[5riEli; 5riEli] adv 1 in reality; truly 事实上; 实际上; 真正地; 真实地; 的确; 确实: * What do you really think about it? 你对那件事究竟是怎样想的? * Your name is on the car's documents, but who really owns it? 汽车登记证上倒是写着你的名字, 但真正的车主是谁? * Do you love him really (and truly)? 你爱他吗--确实爱他吗? 2 thoroughly; very 完全地; 非常: * a really charming person 很讨人喜欢的人 * a really cold, fast, long, etc journey 非常冷、 快、 长等的一次旅行. 3 (used to express interest, surprise, mild protest, doubt, etc 用以表示兴趣、 惊奇、 异议、 怀疑等): * `We're going to Japan next month.’ `Oh, really?’ ‘我们下个月要去日本.’‘啊, 真的吗?’ * You `really shouldn't smoke. 你真不该吸烟. * `Shut up!’ `Well, really!’ ‘住口!’‘哎呀, 怎麽啦!’ * `She's going to resign.’ `Really? Are you sure?’ ‘她打算辞职了.’‘真的? 这话有把握吗?’

realm
[relm; relm] n 1 (fml or rhet 文或修辞) kingdom 王国: * the defence of the realm 捍卫国家 * coins, peers, laws of the realm 王国的钱币、 贵族、 法律. 2 (fig 比喻) field of activity or interest; sphere （活动或兴趣的）领域, 范围: * in the realm of literature, science, etc 在文学、 科学等领域里 * the realms of the imagination 想像的境界.

realpolitik
[7reiAl'pClitik; re'al7poli7tik] n [U] (German 德) approach to politics based on realities and material needs, not on morals or ideals 现实政治, 实力政策（从现实及物质需要出发而不顾及道义与理想）.

realtor
[5riEltE(r); 5riEltl] n (US) = estate agent (estate).

realty
[5riElti; 5riElti] n = real estate (real).

ream
[ri:m; rim] n 1 [C] 500 or 516 (formerly 480) sheets of paper 令（纸张的计数单位, 旧为480张, 现为500或516张）. Cf 参看 quire. 2 reams [pl] (infml fig 口, 比喻) large quantity (of writing) 许多（文字）: * write reams (and reams) of bad verse 写出很多（很多）坏诗.

reap
[ri:p; rip] v 1 [I, Tn] cut and gather (a crop, esp grain) as harvest 收割（庄稼, 尤指谷物）; 收获: * reap (a field of) barley 收割（田里的）大麦. 2 [Tn] (fig 比喻) receive (sth) as a result of one's own or others' actions （因自己或他人所为）获得（某事物）: * reap the reward of years of study 从多年研究中获得报偿 * reap the fruits of one's actions 获得自己努力的成果. 3 (idm 习语) (,sow the `wind and) ,reap the `whirlwind (saying 谚) (start sth that seems fairly harmless and) have to suffer unforeseen consequences that are serious or disastrous 播种的是风, 收割的是暴风; （原无大害的事）後果却不堪设想. 派生： reaper n 1 person who reaps 收割者; 收获者. 2 machine for reaping 收割机. 复合： `reaping-hook n sickle 镰刀.

reappear
[7ri:E'piE(r); 7riE'pir] v [I] appear again (afterbeing absent or not visible) 再出现; 再现. > reappearance[-rEns; -rEns/ n [U, C].

reappraisal
[7ri:E'preizl; 7riE'prezl] n [U, C] action of re-examining sth to see whether it or one's attitude to it should be changed; re-evaluation 重新考虑; 重新评价: * a reappraisal of the situation, problem, etc 对情况、 问题等的重新考虑 * a radical reappraisal of our trade with China 对我们同中国的贸易彻底的重新估价.

rear
1[riE(r); rir] n 1 (usu 通常作 the rear) [sing] the back part 後部; 後面; 背後: * a kitchen in/at/to the rear of the house 在房子後部的厨房 * a view of the house taken from the rear 房子的後视景 * attack the enemy's rear 攻击敌人的後部 * [attrib 作定语] a car's rear doors, lights, wheels, window 汽车的後门、 尾灯、 後轮、 後窗. 2 [C] (infml euph 口, 婉) buttocks 臀部; 屁股: * a kick in/on the rear 踢屁股一脚. 3 (idm 习语) ,bring up the `rear be or come last, eg in a procession, race, etc 处於在最後的位置, 殿後（如列队行进、 赛跑等）. 派生： rearmost[5riEmEust; 5rir7most] adj furthest back 最後的: * the rearmost section of the aircraft 飞机的最後一段机身. rearward[5riEwEd; 5rirwld] n [U] the rear (used esp in the expressions shown) 後部, 後面（尤用於以下示例）: * to rearward of (ie some distance behind) sth 在某物之後 * in the rearward, ie at the back 在後部. rearwards[5riEwEdz; 5rirwldz] (also rearward) adv towards the rear 向後: * move the troops rearwards 使部队向後移动. 复合： ,rear-`admiral[7riEr 'dmErEl; 7rir'AdmErEl] n navalofficer holding a rank between those of commodore and vice-admiral 海军少将: * Rear Admiral (Tom) King （汤姆．）金海军少将. =>App 9 见附录9. `rearguard n (usu the rearguard) [CGp] body of troops sent to guard the rear of an army, esp when it is retreating 後卫部队（尤指军队撤退时的）. Cf 参看 vanguard. `rearguard action 1 fight between an army in retreat and the enemy 後卫战斗（後撤的部队与敌军之间的战斗）. 2 (fig 比喻) struggle continued even when it is unlikely to succeed 即使无望取胜也要继续进行的斗争: The government is fighting a rearguard action against the mass of public opinion. 政府冒天下之大不韪负隅顽抗. ,rear-view `mirror mirror in which a driver can see traffic, etc behind him 後视镜（供司机观察後面情况的）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xii.

rearm
[7ri:'a:m; ri5arm] v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sb/sth) (with sth) supply (an army, etc) with weapons again or with better weapons 重新武装或装备（军队 等）; 给（军队等）更新装备. > rearmament/ri:'a:mEmEnt; ri5armEmEnt] n [U].

rearrange
[7ri:E'reindV; 7riE'rendV] v [Tn] 1 place (sth) in a different way or order 重新安排（某物）; 改变（某物）的秩序: * rearrange the furniture, one's books, etc 重新摆放家具、 重新整理自己的书 * Do you like the way I've rearranged the room? 我把房间这样重新布置了一下, 你觉得怎样? 2 change (plans, etc) that have already been made 改变既定的（计画等）: * Let's rearrange the match for next Saturday. 咱们把比赛重新安排在下星期六举行吧. > rearrangement n [U, C]: * make some rearrangements做些新安排.

reason
1[5ri:zn; 5rizn] n 1 [C, U] ~ (for sth/doing sth); ~ (to do sth); ~ (why.../that...) (fact put forward as or serving as the) cause of, motive for or justification for sth 原因; 动机; 理由: * for one/some reason or other 由於某种原因 * have adequate/sufficient reason for doing sth 有充分的[足够的]理由做某事 * all the more reason for doing/to do sth 做某事的更为充足的理由 * Give me your reasons for going/the reasons foryour going. 告诉我你去的动机. * There is/We have (good) reason to believe that he is lying. 有[我们有]（充分的）理由认为他说谎. * Is there any (particular) reason why you can't come? 你有什麽（特殊的）原因不能来? * The reason why I'm late is that/because I missed the bus. 我迟到的原因是没赶上公共汽车. * My reason is that the cost will be too high. 我的理由是费用太高. * We aren't going, for the simple reason that we can't afford it. 我们不去, 原因很简单: * 我们负担不起. * She complained, with reason (ie rightly), that she had been underpaid. 她抱怨她工资一直很低, 这也不无道理. =>Usage 见所附用法. 2 [U] power of the mind to think, understand, form opinions, etc 思考、 理解、 推想等的能力; 理性: * Only man has reason. 只有人类才有理性. 3 one's/sb's reason [sing] one's/sb's sanity 自己的[某人的]理智: * lose one's reason/senses, ie go mad 失去理智（即发疯） * We feared for her reason, ie were afraid that she might go mad. 我们担心她可能失去理智. 4 [U] what is right or practical or possible; common sense or judgement 道理; 情理; 明智; 常识; 常理: * see/listen to/hear/be open to (ie be prepared to accept) reason 讲道理（服理） * There's a good deal of reason in what you say. 你的话很有道理. 5 (idm 习语) be,yond/,past all `reason not reasonable or acceptable 不合道理的; 无法接受的: * Her outrageous remarks were/went beyond all reason. 她那些无礼的话全无道理. ,bring sb to `reason; ,make sb see `reason make sb stop acting foolishly, resisting uselessly, etc 使某人停止愚蠢的举动、 无谓的抵抗等. by reason of sth

reason1
(fml 文) because of sth 因为或由於某事物: * He was excused by reason of his age. 他因年高而获宥. for reasons/some reason best known to one`self (esp joc 尤作戏谑语) for reasons that are hard for others to understand or discover 出於惟本人才知道的原因: * For reasons best known to himself, he drinks tea from a beer glass. 谁都猜不透他为什麽要用啤酒杯子喝茶. (do anything) in/within `reason sensible or reasonable 理智的; 合理的: * I'll do anything within reason to earn my living. 为了谋生, 只要是正当的事我什麽事都做. lose all reason => lose. rhyme or reason => rhyme n. it/that ,stands to `reason it/that is obvious to everyone 这是人人都清楚的: * It stands to reason that nobody will work without pay. 做工作不能白做, 这是明摆着的事. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: A cause (of something) is what makes something happen *cause指事物发生的原因: The police are investigating the cause of the explosion. 警方正在调查爆炸的原因. * The causes of the First World War. 第一次世界大战的起因. Reason (for something) has a wider use. *reason一词用法较广. It can be the explanation that people give for why something is done 可用以解释做某事的原因或理由: What was the reason for his resignation? ? * She didn't give any reasons for leaving. 她未做任何解释就走了. Reason, justification and cause (for something) can indicate that the explanation is acceptable to people in general, or reasonable *reason、 justification、 cause叁词均指用以解释的理由是一般人都可以接受的, 或曰reasonable: The police had no reason to suspect him/no justification for suspecting him/no cause for suspicion (ie They didn't suspect him or shouldn't have suspected him). 警方是没有理由怀疑他的（即: 警方未怀疑他或不该怀疑他）. reason2 /// * I left my job on medical grounds. 我由於健康原因而辞去了工作. A motive for doing something is a feeling or desire within people which makes them act *motive指想做某事的感觉或愿望: He claimed that his motive for stealing was hunger. 他说他因为饿才去偷东西. * The crime seemed to have been committed without (a) motive. 这一罪案似乎并无作案动机.

reasonable
[5ri:znEbl; 5riznEbl] adj 1 (a) (of people) ready to use or listen to reason; sensible （指人）讲理的, 明事理的: * No reasonable person could refuse. 凡是明事理的人都不会拒绝此事. * She's perfectly reasonable in her demands. 她的要求完全合情合理. (b) (of emotions, opinions, etc) in accordance with reason; not absurd; logical （指情感、 见解等）合情理的, 不荒谬的, 合逻辑的: * a reasonable suspicion, fear, belief, etc 不无道理的怀疑、 恐惧、 信念等 * a reasonable attitude, conclusion 合乎情理的态度、 结论 * It's not reasonable to expect a child to understand sarcasm. 希望孩子明白讽刺的意义, 未免脱离实际. * Is the accused guilty beyond all reasonable doubt? 判定被告有罪是否毫无怀疑馀地? 2 (a) not unfair or expecting too much; moderate 公平的; 不过分的; 适度的: * a reasonable fee, offer, claim 公平合理的费用、 出价、 要求. (b) (of prices, etc) not too expensive; acceptable （指价格等）不太贵的, 公道的: * Ten pounds for a good dictionary seems reasonable enough. 花十镑买一部好词典算是够公道的了. 3 [esp attrib 尤作定语] tolerable; average 还可以的; 平均水平的: * reasonable weather, health, food 过得去的天气、 健康状况、 食物 * There's a reasonable chance that he'll come. 他还是有可能来的. * reasonable expectations of success 对取得成功所抱有的并非捕风捉影的希望. 派生： reasonableness n [U]. reasonably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv 1 in a reasonable way 合理地; 合乎逻辑地; 有理由地: * discuss the matter calmlyand reasonably 冷静而有理性地讨论问题. 2 moderately,acceptably or tolerably; fairly or quite 适度地; 尚可; 过得去; 公平地; 相当地: * reasonably good, cheap, intelligent 相当好、 便宜、 聪明 * a reasonably-priced book 售价公 道的书 * He seems reasonably satisfied with it. 他看来对此相当满意.

reassure
[7ri:E'FC:(r); - -'FuEr; 7riE'Fur] v [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.f] ~ sb (about sth) remove sb's fears or doubts; make sb confident again 消除某人的恐惧或疑虑; 恢复某人的信心; 使某人放心: * The police reassured her about her child's safety. 警方让她放心, 她的孩子很安全. * A glance in the mirror reassured him that his tie wasn't crooked. 他照了一下镜子, 领带确实没有戴歪. 派生： reassurance[-rEns; -rEns] n 1 [U] reassuring or being reassured 消除恐惧或疑虑; 恢复信心; 放心: * want, need, demand, etc reassurance, eg from a doctor about one's health 需要消除疑虑（如经医生证实身体健康）. 2 [C] thing that reassures 使人消除恐惧或疑虑的事物; 使人恢复信心的事物: * numerous reassurances that we were safe 消除我们的疑虑使我们感到安全的事物. reassuring adj that reassures 使人消除恐惧或疑虑的; 使人放心的: a reassuring glance, word, pat on the back 使人恢复信心的目光、 话、 轻拍一下背部. reassuringly adv.

rebate
[5ri:beit; 5ribet] n amount by which a debt, tax, etc can be reduced; discount or partial refund （债、 税等的）可减免的款额; 折扣; 部分退款: * qualify for a rate/rent/tax rebate 有资格获得房地产税[租金/所得税]的部分退款 * offer a rebate of 1.50 for early settlement, ie of an account, a bill, etc 及早结帐有1.50英镑的折扣. Cf 参看 discount1.

rebel
[5rebl; 5rebl] n (a) person who fights against, or refuses to serve, the established government 反政府的人; 拒不为政府效劳的人; 反叛者; 造反者: * [attrib 作定语] rebel forces 叛军. (b) person who resists authority or control 反抗权威的人; 抗拒控制的人; 叛逆者: * She has always been a bit of a rebel. 她总是有点桀骜不驯. 派生： rebel/ri5bel; ri5bel] v (-ll-) [I, Ipr] ~ (against sb/sth) 1 fight against or resist the established government 反抗政府; 反叛; 造反. 2 resist authority or control; protest strongly 反抗权威; 抗拒控制; 叛逆; 强烈抗议: * Such treatment would make anyone rebel. 谁受这样的对待都得反抗. * He finally rebelled against his strict upbringing. 他终於起来反抗那种严厉管教他的方式. rebellion/ri5beliEn; ri5beljEn] n ~ (against sb/sth) 1 [U] open (esp armed) resistance to the established government; resistance to authority or control 对政府的公开（尤指武装）反抗; 对权威的反抗; 对控制的抗拒; 反叛; 造反; 叛逆: * rise (up) in open rebellion 起来造反. 2 [C] act of rebelling 反叛行动: * five rebellions in two years 两年中的五次叛乱. rebellious/ri5beliEs; ri5beljEs] adj showing a desire to rebel; not easily controlled 显示反叛欲望的; 叛逆的; 难以控制的: * rebellious tribes 反叛部落 * rebellious acts, activities, behaviour, etc 叛逆的行动、 活动、 行为等 * a child with a rebellious temperament 倔强的孩子. rebelliously adv. rebelliousness n [U].

rebind
[7ri:'baind; ri5baind] v (pt, pp rebound[7ri:'baund; ri5baund] ) [Tn] put a new binding on (a book, etc) 重新装订（书等）.

rebirth
[7ri:'bE:W; ri5bEW] n [sing] 1 spiritual renewal or enlightenment caused by religious conversion, etc （皈依後等精神上的）再生, 新生, 启蒙. 2 revival 复活; 复兴: * the rebirth of learning, eg in the Renaissance 学术之再度繁荣（如文艺复兴时期的）.

reborn
[7ri:'bC:n; ri5bCrn] adj [pred 作表语] 1 spirituallyrenewed or enlightened （精神上）再生, 新生, 启蒙. Cf 参看 born-again (born). 2 brought back to life; revived 重新获得生命; 复活: * The old man felt reborn in his children. 这个老人觉得在他的孩子们身上获得了新生.

rebound
1[ri5baund; ri5baund] v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (against/from/off sth) spring or bounce back after hitting sth 弹回; 反弹: * The ball rebounded from/off the wall into the pond. 球从墙上弹回来掉进池里. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (on sb) have an adverse effect on (the doer); misfire 对（施动者）产生反作用; 未能奏效: * The scheme rebounded on her in a way she had not expected. 她未曾想到这计谋反倒使她自食其果. 派生： rebound[5ri:baund; 5ri7baund] n (idm 习语) on the `rebound (from sth) (a) while bouncing back 在弹回时: * hit a ball on the rebound 击弹回的球. (b) (fig 比喻) while still affected by disappointment, depression, etc 失望、 沮丧等之馀: * She quarrelled with Paul and then married Peter on the rebound. 她和保罗争吵後愤而嫁给了彼得.

rebuff
[ri5bQf; ri5bQf] n unkind or contemptuous refusal or rejection (of an offer, request, friendly gesture, etc); snub （对好意、 请求、 友好表示等的）粗暴拒绝, 轻蔑回绝, 冷落: * Her kindness to him was met with a cruel rebuff. 她一片好心却遭到他冷酷的拒绝. 派生： rebuff v [Tn] give a rebuff to (sb); snub 粗暴拒绝（某人）; 冷落.

rebuild
[7ri:'bild; ri5bild] v (pt, pp rebuilt[7ri:'bilt; ri5bilt] )[Tn] 1 build or put (sth) together again 重建（某事物）; 重新组装（某物）: * rebuild the city centre after an earthquake 地震後重建城市中心区 * We rebuilt the engine (ie took it to pieces and put it together again) using some new parts. 我们用了一些新零件重新装配了这台发动机. 2 (fig 比喻) form (sth) again; restore 再形成（某事物）; 恢复: * rebuild sb's confidence, hopes, health 恢复某人的信心、 希望、 健康 * After his divorce, he had to rebuild his life completely. 他离婚後得完全重新安排生活.

rebuke
[ri5bju:k; ri5bjuk] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth) express sharp or severe disapproval to sb, esp officially; reprove sb 指摘或非难某人: * My boss rebuked me for coming to work late. 我的上司指摘我上班迟到. 派生： rebuke n act of rebuking sb; reproof 指摘; 非难; 责难: administer a stern rebuke 予以严厉的谴责.

rebus
[5ri:bEs; 5ribEs] n puzzle in which a word or phrase has to be guessed from pictures or diagrams representing the letters or syllables in it （以画或图代表字母或音节的）画谜.

rebut
[ri5bQt; ri5bQt] v (-tt-) [Tn] prove (a charge, piece of evidence, etc) to be false; refute 证明（指控、 证据等）不实; 反驳; 驳斥. 派生： rebuttal[-tl; -tl] n 1 [U] act of rebutting or being rebutted 反驳; 反证: * produce evidence in rebuttal of the charge 提出反驳指控的证据. 2 [sing] evidence that rebuts a charge, etc 用以反驳指控等的证据; 反证.

rec
[rek; rek] abbr 缩写 = recreation ground 游乐场.

recalcitrant
[ri5kAlsitrEnt; ri5kAlsitrEnt] adj (fml 文) resisting authority or discipline; disobedient 反抗权威的; 不守纪律的; 不服从的: * a recalcitrant child, attitude 倔强的孩子、 态度. 派生： recalcitrance[-Ens; -Ens] n [U] (fml 文) quality of being recalcitrant 抗拒; 不服从.

recall
[ri5kC:l; ri5kCl] v 1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from...) (to...) order sb to return (from a place) （从某处）召回某人: * recall an ambassador (from his post) 将大使（从驻在国）召回 * recall (members of) Parliament, eg for a special debate 召回国会议员（如举行特别辩论会）. (b) [Tn] order (sth) to be returned 要求归还（某物）: * recall library books, eg for stock-taking 要求归还图书馆的书（如以便清点）. 2 [Tn, Tf, Tw, Tg, Tsg] bring (sth/sb) back into the mind; recollect 回忆（某事物[某人]）; 记起: * I can't recall his name. 我想不起他的名字了. * She recalled that he had left early. 她回忆起他走得很早. * Try to recall (to mind) exactly what happened. 把发生的事情尽可能仔细地回忆一下. * I recall seeing him. 我记得见过他. * I recall her giving me the key. 我记得她给过我那把钥匙. Cf 参看 remember 1. 3 (phr v) recall sb to sth make sb aware or conscious again of sth 使某人重新注意到或意识到某事物: * The danger recalled him to a sense of duty. 这危险的事唤起了他的责任感. 派生： recall/also 'ri:kC:l; 5ri7kCl] n 1 [sing] order to sb/sth to return 召回; 唤回: * the temporary recall of embassy staff 使馆人员的临时召回. 2 [U] ability to remember; recollection 记忆力; 记性: * a person gifted with total recall 有本事把全部细节都能记住的人 * My powers of recall are not what they were. 我的记忆力已大不如前. 3 [C] signal, esp a bugle-call, to troops, etc to return 军队等的归队信号; （尤指）归队号: * sound the recall 吹归队号. 4 (idm 习语) beyond/past re`call that cannot be brought back or cancelled 想不起来的; 不能取消的.

recant
[ri5kAnt; ri5kAnt] v [I, Tn] (fml 文) (a) formally reject (a former opinion, belief, etc) as being wrong宣布放弃（以前的意见、 信仰等）: * recant one's former beliefs, heresies 宣布放弃以前的信仰、 异教信仰. (b) take back or withdraw (a statement, an opinion, etc) as being false 撤回, 撤销（声明、 意见等）（因不正确）. 派生： recantation[7ri:kAn'teiFn; 7rikAn'teFEn] n (fml 文) 1 [U] recanting 放弃; 撤销. 2 [C] act of recanting; statement that one's former beliefs were wrong 放弃; 撤销; 承认以前信仰错误的声明.

recap
1[5ri:kAp; 5rikAp] v (-pp-) [I, Tn, Tw] (infml 口) = recapitulate. > recap n [C, U] (infml 口) = recapitulation (recapitulate).

recapitulate
[7ri:kE'pitFuleit; 7rikE'pitFE7let] (also infml 口语作 recap) v [I, Tn, Tw] state again or summarize the main points of (a discussion, etc) 重述或概括（讨论等）的要点: * Let me just recapitulate (on) what we've agreed so far. 让我仅扼要重述一下到目前为止我们已取得的一致意见. 派生： recapitulation[7ri:kEpitFu'leiFn; 7rikE7pitFE'leFEn] (also infml 口语作 recap) n [C, U] (act of) recapitulating扼要的重述; 概述: * a brief recapitulation 摘要.

recapture
[7ri:'kAptFE(r); ri5kAptFl] v [Tn] 1 capture again (a person or an animal that has escaped, or sth taken by an enemy) 重新捕获（逃跑的人或动物）; 夺回（敌人夺走的事物）: * recapture escaped prisoners, bears 重新捕获逃脱的犯人、 熊 * The town was recaptured from the enemy. 该城已从敌人手中收复. 2 (fig 比喻) experience again or reproduce (past emotions, etc) 再次经历、 体验或产生（往日的情感等）: * recapture the joys of youth 重新体验年轻时的欢乐 * recapture a period atmosphere, eg in a play, film, etc 再现某历史时期的气氛（如在戏剧、 电影等中）. 派生： recapture n [U] recapturing; being recaptured 重新捕获; 再次体验: What led to the prisoner's recapture? 靠什麽线索把那个逃犯捉回的?

recast
[7ri:'ka:st; - -'kAst; ri5kAst] v (pt, pp recast) 1 [Tn, Cn.n/a] ~ sth (as sth) put (sth written or spoken) into a new form 改动（文字或言语）: * recast a sentence, chapter, paragraph, etc 改写一个句子、 一章、 一段等 * She recast her lecture as a radio talk. 她把讲义改动後用作电台的讲话. 2 (a) [Tn] change the cast of (a play, etc) 改变（戏剧等）的演员阵容. (b) [Tn] change the role of (an actor) 改变（演员）的角色: * I've been recast as Brutus. 我改演布鲁特斯一角.

recce
[5reki; 5reki] n [C, U] (infml 口) = reconnaissance:make a quick recce of the area 对该地区进行快速侦察. > recce v [I, Tn] (infml 口) = reconnoitre.

recd
abbr 缩写 = received: recd 9.50 收到9.50英镑.

recede
[ri5si:d; ri5sid] v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (from sth) (seem to) move back from a previous position or away from an observer （似）自原处後退或避开别人的注视: * As the tide receded (from the shore) we were able to look for shells. 潮水（自岸边）退去, 我们就能寻找贝壳了. * We reached the open sea and the coast receded into the distance. 我们驶抵公海, 海岸似乎退到了远方. * (fig 比喻) The prospect of bankruptcy has now receded, ie is less likely. 破产的危险现已减少了. 2 [I] slope backwards 向後倾斜: * a receding chin 向後缩的下巴 * Tom has a receding hairline, ie His hair has stopped growing at the forehead and temples. 汤姆的前发际已渐渐後移（前额和太阳穴不再长头发）.

receipt
[ri5si:t; ri5sit] n 1 [U] ~ (of sth) (fml 文) act of receiving or being received 收到: * acknowledge receipt of a letter, an order, etc 签收信件、 订单等 * On receipt of the news, he left. 他一接到消息就走了. 2 [C] ~ (for sth) written statement that sth (esp money or goods) has been received 收条; 收据: * get a receipt for your expenses 对开销要索取收据 * sign a receipt 在收据上签字 * [attrib 作定语] a receipt book 收据簿. 3 receipts [pl] money received by a business （营业）收到的款项,收入: * net/gross receipts 纯[总]收入. Cf 参看 expenditure.4 [C] (arch 古) recipe 食谱; 烹饪法; 处方. 5 (idm 习语) (be) in receipt of sth (commerce 商) having received sth 已收到某物: * We are in receipt of your letter of the 15th. 我们收到了您15日来函. 派生： receipt v [Tn] mark (a bill) as having been paid, eg with a rubber stamp saying `Paid' or `Received with thanks' 在（帐单）上盖注有‘收讫’字样的图章（以示款已付清）.

receivable
[ri5si:vEbl; ri5sivEbl] adj (usu following ns 通常用於名词之後) (commerce 商) (of bills, accounts, etc) for which money has not yet been received （指票据、 帐款等）应收的: * bills receivable 应收票据. 派生： receivables n [pl] assets of a business represented by accounts that still have to be paid 应收款项.

receive
[ri5si:v; ri5siv] v 1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sb/sth) get, accept or take (sth sent, given, etc) 收到, 得到, 接到, 领取（邮寄、 赠送等之物）: * receive a letter, present, phone call, grant 接到信、 礼物、 电话、 补助金 * receive a good education 受到良好教育 * receive severe injuries, blows 受重伤、 打击 * receive insults, thanks, congratulations 受到侮辱、 感谢、 祝贺 * Your comments will receive our close attention. 你的意见我们一定认真考虑. * You will receive a warm welcome when you come to England. 你到英国时一定受到热烈欢迎. (b) [I, Tn] (esp Brit) buy or accept (stolen goods) knowingly （有意）购买或接受（赃物）. 2 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (into sth) allow sb to enter, eg as a guest, member, etc; admit sb 接待（如客人、 成员等）; 接纳或承认某人: * rooms (eg in a hotel) ready to receive their new occupants 准备接待新房客的房间（如旅馆的） * He has been received into the Church. 他已入教. (b) [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: * Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.n/a] ~ sb (with sth) (as sth) (fml 文) welcome or entertain (guests, etc), esp formally欢迎或招待（客人等）（尤指正式地）: * The chief was received by the Prime Minister. 该领导人受到了首相的接见. * She was received with warm applause. 大家以热烈的掌声欢迎她. * He was received as an honoured visitor. 他以贵宾的身分受到款待. 3 [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: * Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (with sth) react in a specified way to sb/sth （以某方式）对某人[某事物]做出反应: * How was the play received? 对这出戏反应如何? * My suggestion was received with disdain. 我的建议人家不屑一顾. * The reforms have been well received by the public. 公众对改革反应良好. 4 [Tn] convert (broadcast signals) into sounds or pictures 将（无线电讯号）转变为声音或图像: * receive a programme via satellite 通过卫星接收节目

receive1
* Are you receiving me? ie Can you hear me (said to sb to whom one is speaking on a radio transmitter)? 你能收听到我的声音吗（通过无线电发报机呼叫对方）? 5 (idm 习语) be at/on the receiving end (of sth) (infml 口) be the one who suffers sth unpleasant 承受不愉快事物的人: * The party in power soon learns what it's like to be on the receiving end of political satire. 执政党很快就 到了遭受政治讽刺的滋味. 派生： received adj [attrib 作定语] widely accepted as correct 公认为正确而普遍接受的: received opinion, pronunciation 公认为正确的看法、 规范读音 * change received ideas about education 改变对教育的一贯看法.

receiver
[ri5si:vE(r); ri5sivl] n 1 (a) person who receives sth 接受者. (b) (esp Brit) person who buys or accepts stolen goods knowingly 购买或接受分明是赃物的人. 2 (also Receiver, Of,ficial Re`ceiver) official appointed by law to look after the property and affairs of a minor, bankrupt, etc or to administer disputed property 破产管理官: * call in the receiver 申请委派破产管理官 * put the business in the hands of a receiver 把公司交由破产管理官管理. 3 part of an instrument that receives sth, esp the part of a telephone that receives the incoming sound and is held to the ear 接收器; 受话器; （尤指）电话听筒: * lift, replace, etc the receiver 拿起、 放下...听筒. 4 radio or TV set that converts broadcast signals into sound or pictures 无线电接收机; 收音机; 电视机. 派生： receivership[-Fip; -7Fip] n [U] (law 律) 1 (period of) office of a Receiver 破产管理官的职务或任期. 2(idm 习语) in receivership (esp of bankrupt companies) under the control of an Official Receiver （尤指破产公司）受破产管理官管理: * go into/be in receivership 交由[受]破产管理官管理.

recent
[5ri:snt; 5risnt] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (that existed, happened, began, was/were made, etc) not long ago or before 不久前的; 近来的: * a recent event, development, occurrence, etc 不久前的事件、 发展、 事情等 * In recent years there have been many changes. 最近几年有了许多变化. * Ours is a recent acquaintance, ie We only met a short time ago. 我们是最近才认识的. =>Usage at new 用法见new. 派生： recently adv not long ago or before; lately 不久前; 近来: until quite recently 直到不久以前 * a recently painted house 最近粉刷过的房子. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Recently, not long ago, lately indicate that the action spoken about took place in the recent past. *recently、 not long ago、 lately均指最近发生过的事. 1 Recently has the widest use, in positive and negative statements and questions, with the past tense and the present perfect tense *recently用法最广, 可用於肯定式陈述句、 否定式陈述句及疑问句中, 与过去时态和现在完成时态连用: Did she have a party recently? 她最近举办过聚会吗? * They've recently bought a new car. 他们不久前买了一辆新汽车. 2 Not long ago is only used in positive statements with the verb in the past tense *not long ago仅用於肯定式陈述句中, 与动词过去时态连用: They arrived in Britain not long ago/recently. 他们不久以前[最近]到达英国. * It's not long ago that they arrived in Britain. 他们是不久以前到达英国的. 3 Lately is used in questions and negative statements. *lately用於疑问句和否定式陈述句中. In positive statements it is used generally with only, much and a lot. 若用於肯定式陈述句中, 通常与only、 much、 a lot连用. The verb must be in the present perfect tense动词必须用现在完成时态: Have you seen him lately/recently? 你近来[最近]见过他吗? * They haven't written lately/recently. 他们近来[最近]没有写信. * She's only lately/recently begun working here. 她只是近来[最近]才开始在这里工作的.

recent1
* I've seen a lot of her lately/recently. 我近来[最近]常见到她.

receptacle
[ri5septEkl; ri5septEkl] n (fml 文) container,space, etc for placing or storing sth 容器; 放置物品的地方: * a receptacle for litter, washing, waste paper 垃圾箱、 待洗衣物袋、 废纸箱.

reception
[ri5sepFn; ri5sepFEn] n 1 [U] action of receiving or being received 接受; 接待; 接纳; 接收: * The bridal suite was prepared for the reception of the honeymooners. 新婚套间已准备好以接待度蜜月的人. * prepare rooms for the reception of guests 准备房间以接待宾客 * her reception into the religious order 接纳她进修道会 * [attrib 作定语] a reception area, camp, centre, etc, ie where refugees, immigrants, etc are received and accommodated 接待区、 营、 中心等（接纳和安置难民、 移民等的处所） * a `reception committee 接待委员会. 2 [sing] way in which sb/sth is received (receive 3) 反应: * The play got a favourable reception from the critics. 该剧获评论界好评. * His talk met with/was given a warm (ie enthusiastic) reception. 他的讲话受到热烈的欢迎. 3 [sing] (Brit) area in a hotel or an office building where guests or clients are received, registered, etc （旅馆或事务所的）接待处: * Wait for me at reception. 在接待处等我吧. 4 [C] formal social occasion to welcome sb 正式的欢迎场合; 欢迎会; 招待会; 宴会: * hold a wedding reception 举办结婚宴会 * official receptions for the foreign visitors 欢迎外宾的招待会. 5 [U] receiving of broadcast signals; efficiency of this （无线电信号的）接收, 接收效果: * a radio with excellent reception 接收性能极好的收音机 * Reception (eg of TV programmes) is poor here. 这里的接收情况欠佳（如电视节目的）. 派生： receptionist[-FEnist; -FEnist] n person employed to make appointments for and receive clients at a hotel, an office building, a doctor's or dentist's surgery, a hairdressing salon, etc （旅馆、 事务所、 诊所、 理发馆等雇用的）接待员. 复合： re`ception desk (Brit) (in a hotel, an office building, etc) counter where guests, clients, etc are received, where they ask for rooms, etc （旅馆、 事务所等的）服务台.

reception1
re`ception room 1 (used esp when advertising houses for sale 尤用於房屋出售广告) living-room; room other than a kitchen, bathroom or bedroom 客厅; 起居室. 2 room (eg in a hotel) suitable for large social functions （适於大型活动的）客厅（如旅馆中的）.

receptive
[ri5septiv; ri5septiv] adj ~ (to sth) able or quick to receive new ideas, suggestions, etc （对新的思想、 建议等）易於接受的, 接受得快的: * a receptive person, mind, attitude 敏於接受新思想的人、 头脑、 态度 * receptive to new developments 对新事物接受得快的. > receptiveness, receptivity[7ri:sep'tivEti;7risep'tivEti] ns [U].

recess
[ri5ses; - 'ri:ses; 5rises] n 1 [C, U] (a) (US also vacation) period of time when work or business is stopped, esp in Parliament, the lawcourts, etc （工作或业务活动的）中止或暂停期间; （尤指国会、 法庭等的）休会期, 休庭期: * the summer recess 暑假 * Parliament is in recess. 议会处於休会期. (b) (US) break between classes at school （学校的）课间休息. =>Usage at break2 用法见break2. 2 [C] space in a room where part of a wall is set back from the main part; alcove 壁凹（墙壁的凹进处）; 凹室; 壁龛: * a door, window, cupboard, etc recess 可供安门、 窗、 橱柜等的壁凹. 3 [C] hollow space inside sth 某物内部的凹形空间: * a drawer with a secret recess 有隐秘槽子的抽屉. 4 [C usu pl 通常作复数] remote or secret place 遥远或隐秘的地方: * the dark recesses of a cave 洞中隐秘的暗处 * (fig 比喻) in the innermost recesses of the heart/mind 在内心[思想]的最深处. 派生： recess v 1 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] place (sth) in a recess(2) 把（某物）放在墙壁的凹处: recessed shelves, windows, etc 在墙壁的凹处设置的搁架、 窗户等. 2 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] set (a wall) back; provide (a wall) with recesses 将（墙）做成凹形; 在（墙）上做壁龛. 3 [I] (US) take a recess(1a) 休息; 休假; 休会; 休庭.

recession
[ri5seFn; ri5seFEn] n 1 [C] temporary decline in economic activity or prosperity （经济）衰退; 不景气: * an industrial, a trade, etc recession 工业、 贸易等的衰退. Cf 参看 slump n 1. 2 [U] movement back from a previous position; withdrawal 後退; 撤退; 撤回: * the gradual recession of flood waters 洪水的逐渐消退. 派生： recessionary adj 1 [attrib 作定语] of a slowing of economic activity （经济）萧条的, 疲软的: in the present recessionary period, conditions 在当前经济萧条的时期里、 情况下. 2 likely to bring about a slowing of economicactivity 可能使经济活动减慢的: a recessionary effect on the economy 可能使经济衰退的影响 * introduce recessionary measures 采取防止经济过热的措施.

recessional
[ri5seFEnl; ri5seFEnEl] n (also recessional hymn) hymn sung while the clergy and choir withdraw after a church service （礼拜仪式完毕後牧师和唱诗班退场时唱的）退场赞美诗.

recessive
[ri5sesiv; ri5sesiv] adj 1 (biology 生) (of characteristics inherited from a parent, such as the colour of the eyes or of the hair) not appearing in a child but remaining hidden because of the presence of stronger characteristics （指遗传性状, 如眼睛或毛发的颜色）隐性的, 潜性的. Cf 参看 dominant. 2 having a tendency to recede or go back （倾向於）後退的, 倒退的.

recharge
[7ri:'tFa:dV; ri5tFardV] v [Tn] 1 charge (a battery, a gun, etc) again 给（电池）再充电; 给（枪）再装弹药. 2 (idm 习语) recharge one's `batteries (infml 口) have a period of rest and relaxation during which one's energy is built up again 休整. > rechargeable adj: * rechargeable batteries 可再充电的电池.

recherche
[rE'FeEFei; rE'FerFe] adj (fml 文) 1 (usuderog 通常作贬义) much too studied or refined; affected过分刻意求工的; 矫揉造作的: * a recherche idea, writing style, image 煞费苦心的念头、 矫揉造作的文风、 挖空心思的比喻. 2 chosen or planned with great care; choice 精心选择的; 精心设计的: * a recherche menu, eg for gourmets 佳肴菜单.

recidivist
[ri5sidivist; ri5sidEvist] n person who commitscrimes repeatedly and seems unable to be cured of criminal tendencies; persistent offender 本性难移的惯犯; 累犯. > recidivism[-izEm; -izEm] n [U].

recipe
[5resEpi; 5resEpi] n 1 ~ (for sth) set of instructions for preparing a food dish, including the ingredients required 烹饪法; 食谱: * [attrib 作定语] recipe books, cards 烹饪书、 食谱卡片. 2 ~ for sth (fig 比喻) method of achieving sth 方法; 秘诀; 诀窍: * What is your recipe for success? 你取得成功有什麽窍门? * His plans are a recipe for (ie are likely to lead to) disaster. 他的计画後患无穷.

recipient
[ri5sipiEnt; ri5sipiEnt] n ~ (of sth) person who receives sth 接受者.

reciprocal
[ri5siprEkl; ri5siprEkl] adj given and received in return; mutual 互相给与的; 互惠的; 相互 的: * reciprocal affection, help, trade 互爱、 互助、 互惠贸易 * have a reciprocal agreement to combat terrorism有相互配合的协定, 共同与恐怖主义作斗争. > reciprocally[-kli; -kli] adv. 复合： re,ciprocal `pronoun (grammar) pronoun expressinga mutual action or relation, eg each other, one another 相互代词（表示相互之行为或关系, 如each other、 one another）.

reciprocate
[ri5siprEkeit; ri5siprE7ket] v 1 [I, Tn] (fml 文) (a) give and receive (sth) in return; exchange (sth) mutually 互给（某物）; 互换（某物）. (b) return (sth done, given or felt) 回报以（某种动作、 物品或感情）: * He reciprocated by wishing her good luck. 他也祝她交好运. * I reciprocate your good wishes. 我也同样祝福你. 2 [I] (of parts of a machine) move alternately backwards and forwards in a straight line （指机件）沿直线往复移动: * a reciprocating saw 往复式锯 * reciprocating pistons 往复式活塞. Cf 参看 rotary 2. > reciprocation/ rI9sIprE5keIFn; rI9sIprE`keFEn/ n [U]. 复合： re`ciprocating engine engine in which pistons move backwards and forwards inside cylinders 往复式发动机.

reciprocity
[7resi'prCsEti; 7resE'prasEti] n [U] principleor practice of mutual exchange, esp of making concessions or granting privileges, etc in return for concessions or privileges received 相互交换的原则或实践; （尤指）互相让步或互惠: * reciprocity in trade (between countries) （国与国之间的）贸易互惠.

recital
[ri5saitl; ri5saitl] n 1 [C] public performance of music, dance, etc by a soloist or a small group 独唱会; 独奏会; （小型团体的）音乐演奏会、 舞蹈表演会等: * give a pi`ano recital 举行钢琴独奏会 * a `song/`dance/`poetry recital 歌曲演唱会[舞蹈表演会/诗歌朗诵会]. Cf 参看 concert. 2 [C] detailed account of a series of events, etc 一系列事件等的详述: * I had to listen to a long recital of all his complaints. 我得听他那些没完没了的牢骚. 3 [U] action of reciting 背诵, 朗诵（尤指向听众）: * his recital of the poem 他的诗歌朗诵 * music recorded in recital 在演奏现场录制的音乐.

recitation
[7resi'teiFn; 7resE'teFEn] n 1 [C, U] (instance of) public delivery of passages of prose or poetry learnt by heart （散文或诗歌的）当众吟诵, 背诵: * recitations from Dickens 狄更斯作品选段的背诵 * the recitation of a ballad, an ode, etc 叙事歌谣、 颂诗等的背诵. 2 [C] piece of prose or poetry (to be) recited （要）背诵的散文或诗歌. 3 [C] (US) student's oral responses to questions on a lesson, etc （学生对课文等作的）口头答问.

recitative
[7resitE'ti:v; 7resEtE'tiv] n [C, U] (passage of) narrative or dialogue in an opera or oratorio sung in the rhythm of ordinary speech with many words on the same note 宣叙调, 朗诵调（歌剧或清唱剧中近似说话的歌唱风格）.

recite
[ri5sait; ri5sait] v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (to sb) say (a poem, passage, etc) aloud from memory, esp to an audience 背诵, 朗诵（诗文等）（尤指向听众）: * recite a speech from `Hamlet' to the class 向班上同学背诵《哈姆雷特》中的一段话. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) state (names, facts, etc) one by one; give a list of 说出一连串（名字、 事情等）; 列举: * recite one's grievances 叙述自己的苦难 * recite the names of all the European capitals 一一说出欧洲各国首都的名称.

reckless
[5reklis; 5reklis] adj ~ (of sth) (of people or their actions) not thinking of the consequences or of danger; rash or impulsive （指人或其行为）不考虑後果的, 不顾危险的, 鲁莽的, 由冲动引起的: * a reckless spender, gambler, etc 乱花钱的人、 乱赌博的人 * fined 100 for reckless driving 因鲁莽驾驶罚款100英镑 * He's quite reckless of his own safety. 他完全不顾及自己的安全. > recklessly adv. recklessness n [U].

reckon
[5rekEn; 5rekEn] v 1 [Tn.pr, Tf, Cn.a esp passive 尤用於被动语态, Cn.n esp passive 尤用於被动语态, Cn.n/a esp passive 尤用於被动语态, Cn.t esp passive 尤用於被动语态] ~ sb/sth among sth; ~ sb/sth as sth (infml 口) (not used in the continuous tenses 不用於进行时态) be of the opinion or consider that sb/sth is as specified 认为某人[某事物]是...: * We reckon her among our best reporters. 我们认为她是我们最好的记者. * I reckon (that) he is too old for the job. 我认为他年龄太大, 不适於做这工作. * The price was reckoned high. 价钱未免太高了. * She is reckoned (to be) the cleverest pupil in the class. 她是班上最聪明的学生. * One quarter of the country is reckoned as unproductive. 全国四分之一的土地是不毛之地. 2 (a) [Tf no passive 不用於被动语态] (infml 口) assume; think 假定; 想; 思忖; 认为: * I reckon we'll go next week. 我想我们下星期去. * The news won't worry her, I reckon. 我看这消息不会使她不安. * What do you reckon our chances are of arriving on time? 你认为我们有没有可能按时到达? (b) [Tf, Tt] calculate (time, price, age, etc) approximately; guess 约略地计算（时间、 价格、 年龄等）; 猜想: * I reckon it will cost about 100. 我估计大约要100英镑. * We reckon to arrive in Delhi at noon. 我们估计正午抵达德里. 3 [Tn] find out (the quantity, number, cost, etc) by using numbers; calculate 算出（数量、 数目、 费用等）; 计算: * reckon the total volume of imports 计算进口商品的总量 * Hire charges are reckoned from the date of delivery. 租金由货到之日起计算. 4 (phr v) reckon sth in include sth in a calculation 将某事物计算在内: * When you did your expenses, did you reckon in your taxi fares? 你计算费用时, 把计程车费算进去了吗? reckon on sb/sth base one's plans on sb doing sth or on sth happening; rely on sb/sth 指望或依赖某人[某事物]: * Can I reckon on you to help? 你能帮助我吗?

reckon1
* We're reckoning on moving house in May. 我们指望着五月份搬家. * You can't always reckon on (having) good weather. 总依赖（有）好天气是靠不住的. reckon sth up find the sum or total of sth; count sth up 计算; 结算: * reckon up bills, accounts, costs, etc 结算帐单、 帐目、 费用等. reckon with sb/sth take sb/sth into account; consider sb/sth as important考虑到或重视某人[某事物]: * They had many difficulties to reckon with. 他们有许多困难要考虑. * a force, fact,person to be reckoned with, ie that cannot be ignored不可忽视的力量、 事实、 人物. reckon without sb/sth not take sb/sth into account; not consider sb/sth as important 未考虑到或未重视某人[某事物]: * We wanted a quiet holiday, but we had reckoned without the children. 我们原想安安静静地度假, 却没有把孩子考虑在内. 派生： reckoner[5rekEnE(r); 5rekEnl] n device or table (of figures, etc) used as an aid to reckoning 计算器; 计算表. Cf 参看 ready reckoner (ready).

reckoning
[5rekEniN; 5rekEniN] n 1 [U] calculation; estimation 计算; 估计: * the reckoning of debts, accounts, etc 债务、 帐目等的计算 * By my reckoning, this short cut will save us five miles. 据我估计, 我们走这条近道可少走五英里. * You were 5 out (ie over or under the correct sum) in your reckoning. 你计算差了5英镑. 2 [sing] (dated 旧) (settlement of an) account or a bill, eg at a hotel or restaurant 帐目或帐单（的结算）（如旅馆或饭馆中）: * ask for the reckoning 要求结帐 * (fig 比喻) There'll be a heavy reckoning to pay! ie The consequences will be serious. 後果不堪设想! 3 (idm 习语) a day of reckoning => day.

reclaim
[ri5kleim; ri5klem] v [Tn, Tn.pr] 1 ~ sth (from sb/sth) recover possession of sth 恢复或收回某事物: * reclaim tax, rent, lost property 取回税款、 租金、 失去的财物. 2 ~ sth (from sth) make (land) suitable for cultivation, eg by draining or irrigating it 开垦（土地）（如排水、 灌溉以利耕种）: * reclaimed marshland, desert, etc 经治理的沼泽地、 沙漠等 * reclaim an area from the sea 填海造地. 3 ~ sb (from sth) (fml 文) win sb back or away from sin, error, etc; reform sb 挽救某人（不再犯罪、 犯错等）; 改造某人: * reclaim young offenders from a life of crime 挽救失足少年脱离罪恶的生活. 4 ~ sth (from sth) recover (raw material) from waste products （从废品中）回收（原料）: * reclaim glass from old bottles 回收旧瓶子用以再造玻璃. Cf 参看 recycle. > reclamation[7reklE'meiFn; 7reklE'meFEn] n [U].

recline
[ri5klain; ri5klain] v 1 [I, Ipr] lean or lie back in a horizontal or near-horizontal position 向後倚靠或躺: * recline on a pillow, a sofa, a grassy bank 躺在枕头、 沙发、 草坡上 * recline in a deck-chair, a punt, a hammock 斜躺在摺叠帆布椅、 平底船、 吊床上 * a reclining chair, ie one with a back that tilts 躺椅 * a reclining seat, eg in a train, plane, etc 躺式座椅（如火车、 飞机等的） * a reclining figure, eg in a painting 躺卧着的人像（如绘画 中的）. 2 [Tn.pr] ~ sth against/on sb/sth put or lay (one's head, arms) in a position of rest 将（头、 臂）倚着某人[某物]. 3 [Tn] tilt (a seat, etc) backwards 使（座位等）向後倾斜.

recluse
[ri5klu:s; ri5klus] n person who lives alone and avoids other people 隐居者; 隐士: * live/lead the life of a recluse 过隐居生活.

recognition
[7rekEg'niFn; 7rekEg'niFEn] n 1 [U] recognizing or being recognized 认识; 认出; 承认: * an award in recognition of one's services, achievements, etc 为表彰某人的贡献、 成就等而授予的奖励 * He has won wide recognition in the field of tropical medicine. 他在热带疾患这一医学领域里广获赞誉. * (fml 文) Britain's recognition of (ie establishment of diplomatic relations with) the new regime is unlikely. 这个新政权不大可能获英国承认. 2 (idm 习语) change, etc beyond/out of (all) recog`nition change so much that recognition is very difficult 变化大得难以认出: * The town has altered out of all recognition since I was last here. 自从我上次离开这里以来, 这小城已变得认不出来了.

recognizance, recognisance
[ri5kCgnizns; ri5kagnizEns] n (law 律) (a) formal promise made to a court or magistrate that one will observe certain conditions (eg keep the peace), appear when summoned or pay a debt 具结; 保证书: * enter into recognizances (for sb) （为某人）具结 * bail in one's own recognizance of 500 自付500英镑保证金获得保释 * be released on one's own recognizance 经本人具结获释. (b) sum of money pledged as a guarantee that this promise will be kept （交付法院的）保证金.

recognize, recognise
[5rekEgnaiz; 5rekEg7naiz] v (not usedin the continuous tenses 不用於进行时态) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr]~ sb/sth (by sth) be able to identify (sb/sth that one has seen, heard, etc before); know sb/sth again 认出或识别某人[某事物]: * recognize a tune, an old friend, a signal 听出一首听过的曲子、 认出一个老朋友、 识别一个熟悉的信号 * I recognized her by her red hat. 我根据她的红色帽子认出了她. 2 [Tn, Cn.n/a, Cn.t] ~ sb/sth (as sth) be willing to accept sb/sth as valid or genuine; approve 承认某人[某事物]有效或属实; 认可: * recognized (ie qualified or official) instructors, schools, charities 获得承认的教员、 学校、 慈善团体 * recognize sb's claim to ownership 承认某人提出的所有权要求 * (fml 文) Britain has recognized (ie established diplomaticrelations with) the new regime. 英国已承认了这个新政权. * Everyone recognized him to be the lawful heir/as the lawful heir. 大家都承认他为合法继承人. 3 [Tn, Tf] be prepared to admit or be aware of (sth); realize 承认或认清（某事物）; 认识到: * He recognized his lack of qualifications/that he was not qualified for the post. 他承认自己不够条件[没有资格]担任那个职务. 4 [Tn] show gratitude or appreciation of (sb's ability, service, etc) by giving him an honour or reward 给予某人以荣誉或奖励以对（其能力、 贡献等）表示感激或赏识: * The firm recognized Tom's outstanding work by giving him an extra bonus. 公司发给汤姆一笔额外奖金以表彰他工作出色. * His services to the State were recognized, eg by a knighthood. 他对国家的贡献获得了奖赏（如被封为爵士）. 派生： recognizable, -isable/ 5rekEgnaIzEbl, also 9rekEg-5naIzEbl; `rZkE^9naIzEbl] adj that can be recognized可认出的; 可识别的; 可承认的; 可认可的: * She was barely recognizable as the girl I had known at school.我几乎认不出她就是我上学时认识的那个女孩儿. recognizably, -isably[-Ebli; -Ebli]

recoil
[ri5kCil; ri5kCil] v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (from sb/sth); ~ (at sth) (a) draw oneself back in fear, disgust, etc （因恐惧、 厌恶等）畏缩, 退缩: * She recoiled from the gunman in terror. 她面对持枪歹徒吓得直往後缩. * He recoiled at the sight of the corpse. 他见到 体厌恶得止步不前. (b) (fig 比喻) withdraw mentally 畏怯: * recoil from murder, violence, etc 畏惧凶杀、 暴力等. 2 [I] (a) (of guns) jerk back when fired （指枪炮）反冲, 产生後座力. (b) (of springs) move or jump back suddenly after impact （指弹簧）弹回. 3 (phr v) recoil on sb (of harmful actions) return to hurt the person who does them （指有害行动）还治其人之身; 报应. 派生： recoil[5ri:kCil; 5rikCil] n [U, sing] sudden backward movement, esp of a gun when fired 反冲（力）; （尤指枪炮的）後座（力）.

recollect
[7rekE'lekt; 7rekE'lekt] v [I, Tn, Tf, Tw, Tg, Tsg no passive 不用於被动语态] succeed in calling (sth) back to the mind; remember 想起; 记得; 回忆起: * As far as I recollect, you came late. 我记得你来晚了. * recollect one's childhood, sb's name 回忆起童年时代、 某人的名字 * I recollect that you denied it. 我记得你曾否认此事. * Can you recollect how it was done? 你还记得是怎麽做的吗? * She can recollect meeting the king. 她能回忆起觐见国王的事. * No one can recollect her leaving. 谁也想不起她走的事.

recollection
[7rekE'lekFn; 7rekE'lekFEn] n 1 (a) [U] ability to recollect; action of recollecting 记忆力; 回忆: * have amazing powers of recollection 有惊人的记忆力 * I have some/no recollection of that day. 那天的事我还记得一些[不记得了]. * lost in quiet recollection of the past 沉浸在对往事的幽思之中 * to the best of my recollection, ie if I remember correctly 就我记忆所及（假若我没记错的话） * My recollection of events differs from hers. 这些事, 我记得的情况与她的说法不同. (b) [C usu pl 通常作复数] thing, event, etc recollected 回忆的事物: * vague, clear, distant, etc recollections of childhood 依稀记得的、 历历在目的、 遥远的...童年往事 * The old letters brought back many happy recollections. 这些旧信使人想起许多愉快的往事. 2 time over which sb's memory goes back 记忆所及的时间: * Such a problem has never arisen within my recollection. 我不记得有过这样的问题.

recommend
[7rekE'mend; 7rekE'mend] v 1 [Tn, Cn.n/a, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sb/sth (to sb) (for sth/as sth) praise sth as suitable for a purpose; praise sb as suitable for a post, etc; speak favourably of sb/sth 推许某事物; 推荐某人; 赞许某人[某事物]: * recommend a car, film, plumber, etc 推荐某汽车、 影片、 管子工等 * What would you recommend for removing ink stains? 你看用什麽方法可除去墨迹? * She was strongly recommended for the post. 她获大力推荐担任这个职务. * I can recommend him as an extremely good accountant. 我推荐他一定能当个极好的会计. * Can you recommend me a good novel? 你给我介绍一本好的小说行吗? 2 [Tn, Tf, Tw, Tg, Tsg, Dn.t, Dpr.f] suggest (a course of action, treatment, etc); advise 建议（采取某种做法、 对策等）; 劝告: * I'd recommend extreme caution. 我奉劝多加小心. * I recommend that you resign. 我建议你辞职. * I'm not the person to recommend how the job should be done. 我不是能为做此事出主意的人. * I recommended (you) meeting him first. 我建议（你）先见见他. * I wouldn't recommend you to go there alone. 我劝你不要孤身一人到那里去. 3 [Tn, Dn.pr] ~ sb/sth (to sb) (of a quality, etc) make sb/sth seem attractive （指特质等）使某人[某事物]显得可取: * a plan with nothing, little, something, much, etc to recommend it 毫无、 没有什麽、 有某种、 有许多...可取之处的计画 * His integrity recommended him to his employers. 他很正直, 雇主对他都有好感. 派生： recommendable[-Ebl; -Ebl] adj: * a highly recommendable film, restaurant, camping site 备受推荐的影片、 餐厅、 露营地. recommendation[7rekEmen'deiFn; 7rekEmen'deFEn] n 1 [U] action of recommending 推许; 推荐; 赞许; 建议; 劝告: * speak in recommendation of sb/sth 口头推荐某人[某事物] * I bought it on your recommendation, ie because you recommended it. 我是经你推荐买的. 2 [C] (a) statement, letter, etc that recommends sb/sth, esp a person for a job 推荐; （尤指）推荐信, 求职介绍信:

recommend1
* write, give sb a recommendation 为某人写推荐信、 给某人一封介绍信. (b) course of action, etc that is recommended 建议采取的做法等: * The judge made recommendations to the court. 法官向审判人员提出建议. * a recommendation that the offer of 5% be rejected 对5%这一出价应予拒绝的建议. 3 quality, etc that makes sb/sth seem attractive 使某人[某事物]显得有可取之处的特质等: * The cheapness of coach travel is its only recommendation. 乘长途汽车唯一可取之处就是旅费便宜.

recompense
[5rekEmpens; 5rekEm7pens] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth) (fml 文) reward sb (for his work, efforts, etc); compensate sb (for his losses, etc) 酬谢或报答某人（因其工作、 尽力等）; 赔偿或补偿某人（受的 损失等）: * recompense employees for working overtime 给雇员发加班费 * recompense her for the loss of her job 赔偿她失去工作的损失. 派生： recompense n [sing, U] ~ (for sth) (fml 文) thing that rewards; thing that compensates 报酬; 赔偿; 补偿: receive adequate recompense for one's services, labours, efforts, etc 因工作、 劳动、 尽力等而获得合适的报酬 * award the victim 500 in recompense for damages 给予受害者500英镑损害赔偿金.

reconcile
[5rekEnsail; 5rekEn7sail] v 1 (a) [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: * Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (with sb) cause (people) to become friends again, eg after quarrelling 使（人）重新和好（如争吵後）; 使和解; 使复交: * We were finally reconciled when he apologized. 他道歉以後我们终於言归於好了. * She refused to be reconciled with her brother. 她拒不同她的弟弟和解. (b) [Tn] bring (a quarrel, disagreement, etc) to an end; settle 化解（争吵、 分歧等）; 调解; 调停: * They can't reconcile their differences. 他们无法调和彼此的分歧. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) make (aims, statements, ideas, etc) agree when they seem to conflict 使（似有分歧的目标、 说法、 意见等）一致, 和谐: * reconcile the evidence with the facts 使证据符合事实 * Can eating fish be reconciled with vegetarianism? 吃鱼与素食主义有矛盾吗? 3 [Tn.pr] ~ sb/oneself to sth (cause sb to) accept reluctantly sth unwelcome, unpleasant, etc （使某人）无可奈何地接受某事物: * The high salary reconciled me to living abroad. 我为获高薪也只好在国外生活. * Could you reconcile yourself to a lifetime of unemployment? 你能甘心一辈子失业吗? 派生： reconcilable[-Ebl, also 7rekEn5sailEbl; -Ebl, 7rekEn5sailEbl] adj. reconciliation[7rekEn7sili'eiFn; 7rekEn7sili'eFEn] n 1 [U] reconciling or being reconciled 和解; 调和; 一致; 和谐; 勉强接受: * the reconciliation of ideas, opinions, etc 思想、 见解等的一致. 2 [sing] end to a quarrel, etc （争吵等的）止息; 和解; 复交: * bring about a reconciliation between former enemies 使旧时的仇敌和解.

recondite
[5rekEndait; 5rekEn7dait] adj (fml 文) 1 (of subjects) little known or understood; obscure （指学科）不甚了解的, 不甚理解的, 深奥的. 2 (of writers, etc) dealing with subjects that are little known or understood （指作者等）研究鲜为人知的或难以理解的专题的.

recondition
[7ri:kEn5diFn; 7rikEn5diFEn] v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] repair (sth) and put it into good condition again; overhaul or restore 修理（某物）; 彻底检修; 修复: * a reconditioned engine, cooker 修复的发动机、 炉具 * reconditioned furniture, leather 修整过的家具、 皮革.

reconnaissance
[ri5kCnisns; ri5kanEsEns] (also infml 口语作 recce) n [C, U] (patrol, flight, etc that carries out an) exploration or a survey of an area, esp for military purposes （对某地区的）侦察或观测（尤指为军事目的）; （执行侦察任务的）巡逻队、 飞行队等: * make an aerial reconnaissance of an island 对一岛进行空中侦察 * troops engaged in reconnaissance 执行侦察任务的部队 * [attrib 作定语] a reconnaissance plane, party, mission 侦察机、 小组、 任务.

reconnoitre
(US -ter)[7rekE'nCitE(r); 7rekE'nCitl] (also Brit infml 英式口语作 recce) v [I, Tn] explore or survey (an enemy area, position, etc) 侦察或观测（敌人的地区、 位置等）: * The platoon was sent to reconnoitre the village before the attack. 在发动进攻前, 这个排奉命侦察该村.

reconsider
[7ri:kEn5sidE(r); 7rikEn5sidl] v [I, Tn] consider (sth) again, esp to change an earlier opinion,decision, etc 重新考虑（某事物）: * reconsider one's position, view, decision, etc 重新考虑自己的立场、 观点、 决定等 * The jury was called upon to reconsider its verdict.召集陪审团重新审议其裁定. > reconsideration/ 9ri:kEn9sIdE5reIFn; 9rikEn9sIdE`reFEn/ n [U].

reconstitute
[7ri:'kCnstitju:t; - -tu:t; ri5kanstE7tut] v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] 1 restore (dried food) to its original state, eg by adding water 使（脱水食物）复原（如加水）: * reconstitute dried milk, powdered soup, etc 加水使奶粉、 汤粉等复原. 2 (fml 文) reorganize or change the membership of (sth) 重新组织或改组（某事物）: * a reconstituted board, panel, committee,etc 经过改组的董事会、 专门小组、 委员会等. > reconstitution[7ri:7kCnsti'tju:Fn; - -tu:Fn; ri7kanstE'tuFEn] n [U].

reconstruct
[7ri:kEn5strQkt; 7rikEn5strQkt] v 1 [Tn] construct or build again, eg after damage 重建, 修复（如破坏之後）. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tw] ~ sth (from sth) create again (sth that has existed or happened) by using evidence or imagination （根据证据或想像）重现（存在过的或发生过的事物）: * Police are trying to reconstruct the crime, eg by using actors at the place where it was committed or by assembling the known facts. 警方正在重组作案经过（如派员到案发现场重演作案过程或汇集事实资料综合思考）. * We reconstructed what the dinosaur looked like from a few of its bones. 我们根据恐龙的一些骨头重组恐龙的原貌. 派生： reconstruction[-'strQkFn; -'strQkFEn] n 1 [C, U] (act of) reconstructing or being reconstructed 重建; 再现: * plans for the reconstruction of the city centre 重建城市中心的计画 * a reconstruction of events by detectives 侦探对事情经过的设想. 2 Reconstruction [sing] (US) period of occupation and reform in the Southern States after their defeat in the American Civil War 重建时期（美国南北战争末期南部各州的改革重建期）.

record
1[5rekC:d; - 'rekErd; 5rekld] n 1 [C] ~ (of sth) permanent account, esp in writing, of facts, events, etc （对事实、 事件等的）记录; （尤指）记载: * a record of school attendances, road accidents 学生出席、 交通事故记录 * records of births, marriages and deaths 出生、 婚姻和死亡记录 * public, parish, medical, etc records 公共事务、 教区事务、 医疗等记录 * make/keep a record of one's expenses 记自己开支的帐. 2 [sing] ~ (for sth) facts, events, etc known (but not always written down) about the past of sb/sth （已知的有关某人[某事物]过去的）事实、 事件等（不一定有文字记载）; 功过; 经历; 履历: * He had a good `war record, eg fought bravely. 他有良好的作战经历（如作战勇敢）. * have a (previous) criminal `record, ie have already been convicted for a crime or crimes 有前科 * The airline has a bad safety record, ie Its aircraft often crash. 这家航空公司安全情况历来不好（班机常失事）. * The school has a poor record for examination passes, ie Many of its pupils fail. 这所学校考试成绩历来欠佳（许多学生不及格）. 3 [C] (also `gramophone record, disc) ~ (of sb/sth) thin circular piece of plastic on which sound has been recorded 唱片: * a pop, jazz, hit record 通俗歌曲、 爵士音乐、 流行歌曲唱片 * the band's latest record 该乐队最新录制的唱片 * put on/play some records 放一些唱片 * [attrib 作定语] a record sleeve, album, library 唱片的封套、 唱片集、 唱片库. 4 [C] best performance or highest or lowest level ever reached, esp in sport 最好的成绩, （最高的或最低的）水平, 记录（尤指体育运动）: * beat/break (ie surpass) a record 打破一项记录 * an Olympic, world, all-time record 奥林匹克运动会、 世界、 空前的记录 * She holds the world record in/for the 100 metres. 她保持着100米世界记录. * [attrib 作定语] a record performance, score, time 刷新记录的表现、 得分、 时间

record1
* record profits, sales, crops 创记录的利润、 销售额、 收成. 5 [C] (computing 计) set of related data forming a unit in a computer file 记录（计算机文件中形成一个单元的一组相关的数据）. 6 (idm 习语) (just) for the `recordso that it should be noted; for the sake of accuracy （仅）供记录在案; 为准确起见: * Just for the record, the minister's statement is wrong on two points. 必须明确指出, 部长的言论有两点是错误的. ,off the `record (infml 口) (of statements, opinions, etc) not for publication or not to be officially noted （指说法、 意见等）不得发表的, 不可正式记录的: * The Prime Minister admitted, (strictly) off the record, that the talks had failed. 首相承认会谈失败, 此消息（绝）不可发表. on `record (a) (of facts, events, etc) noted or recorded, esp officially （指事实、 事件等）记载下来的; （尤指）正式记录的: * Last summer was the wettest on record for 50 years. 刚过去的这个夏季是50年来记录中雨水最多的. (b)(of statements, opinions, etc) publicly known or officiallynoted （指说法、 意见等）公开发表的, 正式记录的: * be/go on record as saying that the law should be changed 公开说该法规应予更改 * put one's views, objections, etc on record, ie publish or broadcast them 公开发表自己的观点、 反对意见等. put/set the `record straight give a correct account of facts, events, etc; put right a misunderstanding （对事实、 事件等）作正确的陈述, 纠正误解: * To set the record straight, I must say now that I never supported the idea. 我必须在此表明, 我从未支持过那种意见. 复合： `record-breaker n person, car, boat, etc that breaks a record1(4) 打破记录者（人、 汽车、 船等）. `record-breaking adj [attrib 作定语]: a record-breaking attendance, flight, jump, time 破记录的出席率、 飞行、 跳跃、 时间. `record-holder n person holding a sports record （某项运动的）记录保持者.

record2
`record-player (also dated 旧作 gramophone) n instrument for reproducing sound from records (record1 3) 唱机.

recorder
[ri5kC:dE(r); ri5kCrdl] n 1 apparatus for recording sound or pictures, or both 录音机; 录像机: * a `tape-recorder 磁带录音机 * a `video-recorder 录像机. 2 wooden or plastic wind instrument of the flute family, played like a whistle, with eight holes for the fingers 竖笛（木制或塑料制的管乐器, 有八个指孔）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page x. 3 (Brit) judge in certain lawcourts （某些法院的）法官.

recording
[ri5kC:diN; ri5kCrdiN] n 1 [U] action of preserving sound or images on magnetic tape, etc （音像的）录制; 录音; 录像: * during the recording of the show 在录制节目时 * [attrib 作定语] a re`cording studio, session, company 音像录制室、 时间、 公司. 2 [C] sound or images that have been preserved in this way （录制的）音像; 录音; 录像: * make a video recording of a wedding 为婚礼录像 * a good recording of the opera on tape/video 将该歌剧录制得很好的录音带[录像带].

recount
[ri5kaunt; ri5kaunt] v [Tn, Tw, Dn.pr, Dpr.w] ~ sth (to sb) give a detailed account of sth; tell about sth 详细叙述某事; 讲述某事: * recount one's adventures, experiences, misfortunes, etc 叙述自己的冒险事、 经历、 不幸等 * He recounted how he had shot the lion. 他讲述他射死那只狮子的经过.

recoup
[ri5ku:p; ri5kup] v [Tn, Tn.pr, Tw] ~ sb/oneself for sth get back (what one has spent, lost, etc); give sb/oneself back (what has been spent, lost, etc) 获得（补偿）; 付给某人[自己]（补偿）: * We recouped the show's expenses from ticket sales. 我们从门票收入中赚回演出的费用. * He recouped himself for his losses. 他挽回了自己的损失. * recoup what the project has cost 补偿该项目花去的费用.

recourse
[ri5kC:s; ri5kCrs] n [U] 1 possible source of help, eg in an emergency 求助的对象（如情况紧急时）: * They managed without recourse to (ie without seeking) outside help. 他们不寻求外援也能应付过去. * Your only recourse is legal action. 你只有靠诉讼了. 2 (idm 习语) have recourse to sb/sth (fml 文) turn to sb/sth for help; get help from sb/sth 求助於某人[某事物]; 获得来自某人[某事物]的援助: * I hope the doctors won't have recourse to surgery. 我希望医生可别非动手术不可.

recover
[ri5kQvE(r); ri5kQvl] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sb/sth) find again (sth stolen, lost, etc); regain possession of sth 找回（被盗、 遗失等之物）; 重新获得某事物（的所有权）: * recover stolen goods, lost property, etc 找回被盗的货物、 失去的财物等 * Six bodies were recovered from the wreck. 从交通工具的残骸中找到了六具 体. * recover what was lost 重新获得失去的东西. 2 [Tn] (a) get back the use of (one's faculties, health, etc) 恢复（能力、 健康等）: * recover one's sight, hearing, etc 恢复视力、 听力等 * recover one's senses/consciousness, eg after fainting 恢复知觉（如晕倒後） * I'm slowly recovering my strength after a bout of flu. 我得过流感後体力正在慢慢恢复. (b) get back the control of (oneself, one's actions, one's emotions, etc) 重新控制（自己、 自己的行动、 自己的情绪等）: * The skater quickly recovered his balance. 那个滑冰的人很快恢复了平衡. * She recovered herself/her composure and smiled. 她恢复了常态[镇静], 笑了笑. * The murderer never recovered his peace of mind. 这个杀人凶手心里再也没平静过. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sb/sth) regain (money, time or position) 重新获得（金钱、 时间或地位）: * They sought to recover damages, costs, expenses, etc from the firm. 他们设法向那家公司索取损害赔偿金、 用费、 费用等. * We recovered lost time by setting out early. 我们提前出发从而把损失的时间补了回来. * The team recovered its lead in the second half. 该队在下半场重新领先. 4 [I, Ipr] ~ (from sb/sth) return to a normal state, eg of health, mind, prosperity 回复到正常状态（如健康、 神智、 繁荣）: * He's now fully recovered from his stroke. 他现已从中风病完全康复了. * recover from the shock, surprise, strain, etc 从震惊、 惊讶、 紧张等中恢复过来 * Trade soon recovered from the effects of the war. 贸易摆脱了战争的影响而很快复苏了.

recover1
派生： recoverable[-rEbl; -rEbl] adj that can be recovered(recover 1) 能找回的; 能重新获得的: * recoverable deposits, losses, assets 能索回的定金、 能挽回的损失、 能收回的资产.

recovery
[ri5kQvEri; ri5kQvEri] n 1 [U] ~ (of sth/sb) recovering (recover 1) or being recovered 找回; 重新获得: * the recovery of the missing diamonds 丢失钻石的寻回 * [attrib 作定语] a recovery vehicle, ie one for taking broken-down cars, etc to a garage 维修拖车（把毁坏的汽车等拉回修理厂的车）. 2 [sing, U] ~ (from sth) return to a normal state, eg of health or prosperity 恢复正常状态（如康复或复兴）; 复原: * make a quick, speedy, good, slow, etc recovery (from illness) （从疾病中）很快、 迅速、 完全、 缓慢...康复 * be well on the way/road to recovery 正在顺利恢复 * the team's recovery from defeat 这个队失败後的重新振作. 3 [U] (esp US) area of a hospital where patients are kept immediately after an operation 监护部（医院中监护刚做过手术的病人的地方）: * The patient is in recovery. 该病人在手术後的监护部. 复合： re`covery room (US) room in a hospital where patients are kept for observation after an operation 恢复室（医院中护理做过手术的病人的屋子）.

recreant
[5rekriEnt; 5rekriEnt] n, adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (dated 旧) (person who is) cowardly, unfaithful or treacherous 怯懦的、 不忠的或叛逆的（家伙）; 懦夫; 叛徒: * You recreant knave! 你这个不义之徒!

recreation
[7rekri5eiFn; 7rekri5eFEn] n [C, U] (means of) refreshing or entertaining oneself after work; relaxation 业馀消遣或娱乐（的方式）; （身心的）放松; 休憩: * My favourite recreation is chess. 我最喜欢的娱乐是下国际象棋. * walk and climb mountains for recreation为消遣而散步和爬山 * Gardening is a form of recreation.园艺活动是一种消遣方式. 派生： recreational[-FEnl; -FEnl] adj of or for recreation 消遣的; 娱乐的: * take part in recreational activities 参加娱乐活动 * recreational facilities, eg sports grounds, swimming-pools 娱乐设施（如运动场、 游泳池）. 复合： recre`ation ground (abbr 缩写 rec) publicly-owned area of land used for adult sports or games, or having swings, slides, etc for children （公共的）游乐场. recre`ation room (also rec room) (US) room in a private house used for games, relaxation, entertainment, etc （私人住宅中的）康乐室.

recriminate
[ri5krimineit; ri5krimE7net] v [I, Ipr] ~ (against sb) (fml 文) accuse or blame (sb by whom one has been accused or blamed) 反诉或反责（某人）. 派生： recrimination/ri7krimi'neiFn; ri7krimE'neFEn] n[C usu pl, U 作可数名词时通常作复数, 亦作不可数名词] (act of making an) accusation in response to an accusation from sb else; countercharge 反诉; 反告: * bitter, angry, furious, etc recriminations 激烈的、 愤怒的、猛烈的...反诉 * Let's not indulge in (mutual) recrimination.咱们不要总是互相指责吧. recriminatory/ri5kriminEtri; - -tC:ri; ri5krimEnE7tCri] adj of recrimination 反诉的; 反责的: * recriminatory remarks, comments, etc 反唇相稽的话、 评语等.

recrudesce
[7ri:kru:'des; 7rikru'des] v [I] (fml 文) (of diseases, violence, etc) break out again; recur （指疾病、 暴力活动等）复发, 再次发生. 派生： recrudescence[-'desns; -'desns] n [C, U] (fml 文) new outburst; recurrence 新发作; 再发生: * a recrudescence of influenza 流行性感冒的新发作 * prevent the recrudescence of civil disorder 防止内乱再次爆发. recrudescent[-'desnt; -'desEnt] adj.

recruit
[ri5kru:t; ri5krut] n ~ (to sth) (from sth) 1 person who has just joined the armed forces or police and is not yet trained （未经训练的）新兵或新警察: * new, recent, raw (ie inexperienced) recruits 新兵 * drilling recruits on the parade ground 在练兵场上训练新兵. 2 new member of a club, society, etc （俱乐部、 会社等的）新成员, 新会员: * gain/seek new recruits (eg to training schemes) from among the young unemployed 从年轻的失业者中吸收[招收]新成员（如实施培训计画）. 派生： recruit v [I, Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.n/a] ~ (sb) (to sth) (from sth); ~ sb (as sth) 1 gain (sb) as a recruit; enlist 吸收（某人）为新成员; 徵募: recruit on a regular basis 定期招募 * a re`cruiting officer, poster, drive 徵募新兵的军官、 布告、 运动 * recruit new members (to the club) 吸收新成员（进入俱乐部） * recruit sb as a spy招募某人为特工. 2 form (an army, a party, etc) by gaining recruits （吸收新成员）组成（军队、 党派等）: recruit a task force 为特遣部队招募新兵. recruitment n [U].

rectal
[5rektEl; 5rektl] adj (anatomy 解) of the rectum 直肠的.

rectangle
[5rektANgl; 5rektANgl] n four-sided geometricfigure with four right angles, esp one with unequal adjacent sides 方形; （尤指）长方形, 矩形. =>illus at quadrilateral 见quadrilateral插图. 派生： rectangular/rek'tANgjulE(r); rek'tANgjEll] adj having the shape of a rectangle 长方形的; 矩形的.

rectify
[5rektifai; 5rektE7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) 1 [Tn] put (sth) right; correct 改正（某事物）; 纠正: * rectify an error, omission, etc 修订错处、 疏漏处等 * mistakes that cannot be rectified 无法改正的错误. 2 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (chemistry 化) purify or refine, esp by repeated distillation 净化或精炼; （尤指）分馏, 精馏: * rectified spirits 精馏酒精. 3 [Tn] convert (alternating current) to direct current 将（交流电）变成直流电; 整（流）. 派生： rectifiable[-faiEbl, also 7rekti'faiEbl; -7faiEbl] adj that can be rectified 可改正的; 可精馏的; 可整流的: * an error that is easily rectifiable 容易改正的错误. rectification[7rektifi'keiFn; 7rektEfE'keFEn] n 1 [U] rectifying or being rectified 改正; 精炼; 整流: * the rectification of errors, alcohol 错误的改正、 酒精的精馏. 2 [C] thing that has been rectified; correction 被改正的事物; 经过精炼之物; 矫正. rectifier n device that converts alternating current to direct current 整流器.

rectilinear
[7rekti'liniE(r); 7rektE'linil] adj 1 in or forming a straight line 直线的; 形成直线的: * rectilinear motion 直线运动. 2 bounded by or having straight lines 用直线围着的; 有直线的: * a rectilinear figure 直线图形.

rectitude
[5rektitju:d; - -tu:d; 5rektE7tud] n [U] (fml 文) moral correctness or straightforwardness; honesty 正直; 刚正; 诚实: * a person of stern (moral) rectitude 刚正不阿的人.

recto
[5rektEu; 5rekto] n (pl ~s) right-hand page of an open book （打开的书的）右页: * on the recto (page) 在右页上. Cf 参看 verso.

rector
[5rektE(r); 5rektl] n 1 (a) (in the Church of England) clergyman in charge of a parish from which he receives his income directly (formerly entitled to receive all the tithes of his parish) （英国国教的）牧区司铎, 牧区长. Cf 参看 vicar. (b) (in the Roman Catholic Church) head of a church or a religious community （天主教的）教区首席神甫. 2 (esp Brit) head of certain universities, colleges, schools or religious institutions （某些学校或宗教机构的）校长、 院长或领导人. 派生： rectory[5rektEri; 5rektEri] n rector's house 牧区长、 教区长、 某些学校或宗教机构领导人的住所.

rectum
[5rektEm; 5rektEm] n (pl ~s or recta) (anatomy 解) lower end of the large intestine, through which solid waste passes to the anus 直肠. =>illus at digestive 见digestive插图.

recumbent
[ri5kQmbEnt; ri5kQmbEnt] adj [usu attrib通常作定语] (fml 文) (esp of a person) lying down; reclining （尤指人）躺着的, 斜倚的: * a recumbent figure, eg in a painting or sculpture 卧像（如绘画或雕塑中的）.

recuperate
[ri5ku:pEreit; ri5kupE7ret] v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (from sth) (fml 文) recover from illness, exhaustion or loss, etc 复原; 恢复（体力）; 挽回（损失等）: * He is still recuperating from his operation. 他动手术後仍在恢复中. * recuperate one's strength after a climb 攀登之後恢复体力. 2 [Tn] get back (money spent or lost) 复得（花掉或失去的钱）: * recuperate costs, expenses, etc 索回用费、 费用等. 派生： recuperation/ri7ku:pE'reiFn; ri7kupE'reFEn] n [U] (fml 文) recuperating 复原; 恢复; 挽回. recuperative/ri5ku:pErEtiv; ri5kupE7retiv] adj (fml 文) of or aiding recuperation （有助於）复原的, 恢复的, 挽回的: * the recuperative powers of fresh air 新鲜空气可助人康复的作用.

recur
[ri5kE:(r); ri5kE] v (-rr-) 1 [I] happen again; happen repeatedly 再发生; 复发: * a recurring problem, error, illness 反复出现的问题、 错误、 疾病 * The symptoms tend to recur. 这种症状有可能复发. * This theme recurs constantly throughout the opera. 这一主旋律在该歌剧中不断出现. 2 (phr v) recur to sb/sth (fml 文) (of ideas, events, etc) come back into the mind （指想法、 事情等）在头脑中重现: * Our first meeting often recurs to me/my mind. 我们初次见面的情形时常浮现於我的脑海. 派生： recurrence/ri5kQrEns; ri5kQrEns] n [C, U] (instanceof) recurring; repetition 复发; 反复; 重现: * the recurrence of an illness, error, problem, theme 疾病、 错误、 问题、 主旋律的一再反复. recurrent[-Ent; -Ent] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] recurring often or regularly 经常发生的; 周期性的: * recurrent attacks, fits, headaches, etc 周期性发作的疾病、 痉挛、 头痛等 * a recurrent problem, theme 经常出现的问题、 主旋律. 复合： recurring decimal decimal fraction in which the same figure(s) are repeated indefinitely, eg 3.999, 4.014014 循环小数（如: 3.999、 4.014014）: The recurring decimal 3.999... is also described as 3.9 recurring. 循环小数‘3.999...’亦作‘3.9循环’.

recusant
[5rekjuznt; 5rekjuznt] n (formerly) Roman Catholic who refused to attend Anglican services as required by law （旧时）拒绝按照法律规定参加英国国教礼拜式的天主教徒.

recycle
[7ri:'saikl; ri5saikl] v [Tn] (a) treat (used material) so that it can be used again 回收（废旧材料）: * recycle newspaper, ie by de-inking and pulping it 回收旧报纸（以脱墨和制浆方式处理）. (b) get (natural products) back from used material by treating it （利用废旧材料）再造（原始成品）: * ,recycled `glass, ie from old bottles 再造的玻璃（利用旧瓶再制的）. Cf 参看 reclaim 4.

red
1[red; red] adj (-dder, -ddest) 1 (a) of the colour of fresh blood or a similar colour 红的; 红色的: * a red sky, door, car 红色的天空、 门、 汽车 * ruby-red lips 深红的嘴唇 * Maple leaves turn red in the autumn. 枫叶在秋天变红了. =>illus at spectrum 见spectrum插图. (b) (of the eyes) sore and having red veins and rims; bloodshot （指眼睛）布满血丝的, 眼眶发红的, 充血的: * Her eyes were red with weeping. 她的眼睛哭红了. (c) (of the face) flushed with shame, anger, etc （指脸）（因羞惭、 愤怒等）涨红的: * turn, go, be red in the face 脸红. 2 (of hair or an animal's fur) of a reddish-brown colour; ginger or tawny （指毛发或动物皮毛）红褐色的, 黄褐色的, 茶色的: * red deer, squirrels 马鹿、 红松鼠. 3 (a) Red [attrib 作定语] Soviet or Russian 苏维埃的; 俄国的: * The Red Army, ie that of the former USSR 红军（前苏联军队） * Red (ie Communist) China 红色中国. (b) (infml sometimes derog 口, 有时作贬义) revolutionary; communist 革命的; 共产主义的. 4 (idm 习语) neither fish, flesh, nor good red herring => fish1. not (be) worth a red `cent; not give a red `cent for sth (US infml 口) (be) worthless; regard sth as being worthless 没有价值; 认为某事物毫无价值. paint the town red => paint2. (as) red as a beetroot very red in the face, esp because one is embarrassed 满脸通红（尤因受窘）: * He went as red as a beetroot when I asked about his new girl-friend. 我问起他那新女友, 他就满脸通红. a red `herring fact, argument, etc that leads attention away from the matter being considered 转移注意力的事情、 言语等: * Stop chasing red herrings and get back to the point. 别东拉西扯了, 说正事吧. (like) a red rag to a bull likely to cause strong resentment, anger, violence, etc 可能激起强烈的憎恨、 愤怒、 暴力行动等: * Her remarks were like a red rag to a bull:

red1
* he was furious with her. 她的话惹得他对她暴跳如雷. > redly adv: * The fire glowed redly. 火烧得通红. redness n [U]. 复合： ,red-`blooded adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (infml 口) full of vigour or sexual desire; virile 充满活力的; 性欲旺盛的; 有男子气的: ,red-blooded `males 精力充沛的男子. `redbreast n => robin. `redbrick adj (Brit sometimes derog 有时作贬义) (of universities) founded near the end of the 19th century or later （指大学）接近19世纪末或19世纪末以後建立的: redbrick colleges, campuses, etc 19世纪末建立的学院、 大学校园等. Cf 参看 Oxbridge. ,red `cabbage type of cabbage with red leaves 红色卷心菜. `redcap n (infml 口) 1 (Brit) member of the military police 宪兵. 2 (US) railway porter （火车站的）搬运工. ,red `card (in football, etc) card shown by the referee to a player that he is sending off the field （足球等）（比赛时裁判向球员出示的）红牌（罚球员下场）. Cf 参看 yellow card (yellow). ,red `carpet strip of red carpet laid out for the reception of an important visitor （为迎接贵宾铺的）红地毯: [attrib 作定语] (fig 比喻) We must give our guests the red-carpet treatment. 我们得隆重接待贵宾. `redcoat n (formerly) British soldier （旧时）英国士兵. ,red `corpuscle (also `red `blood cell) blood cell that carries oxygen to the body tissues and carbon dioxide from them 红血球. Cf 参看 white corpuscle (white1). ,Red `Crescent (emblem of the) organization in Muslim countries that corresponds to the Red Cross 红新月会（穆斯林国家中相当於红十字会的组织）; 红新月会的会徽. ,Red `Cross (emblem of the) international organizationthat works to relieve suffering caused by natural disasters,etc and to help the victims of war 红十字会（的会徽）. ,red`currant n (shrub producing) a small round edible berry 红醋栗（小而圆的可食用的小果子）; 红醋栗灌木: [attrib 作定语] ,redcurrant `jelly 红醋栗果子冻.

red2
,red `ensign red flag of the British merchant navy with a Union Jack in the top left corner 英国商船旗（红色, 左上角标有英国国旗）. Cf 参看 white ensign (white1). ,red `flag 1 flag used as a symbol of danger, eg on roads, railways, etc （表示危险的）红色信号旗（如用於公路、 铁路等）. 2 symbol of revolution or communism （象徵革命或共产主义的）红旗. ,red `giant large star near the middle of its life that gives out a reddish light 红巨星（发微红色光, 其寿命已近中期）. Cf 参看 white dwarf (white1). ,red-`handed adj (idm 习语) catch sb red-handed => catch1. `redhead n person, esp female, with red1(2) hair 红褐色头发的人（尤指女子）. ,red-`hot adj 1 (of a metal) so hot that it glows red （指金属）热得通红的, 炽热的. 2 (fig 比喻) very great 极其: ,red-hot `anger, en`thusiasm, etc 非常愤怒、 热情等. 3 (fig infml 比喻, 口) (of news) completely new; fresh （指新闻）全新的, 最新的: The reporter had a red-hot story. 那个记者掌握着最新消息. ,Red `Indian (Brit `redskin) ( infml offensive 讳, 口, 蔑) N American Indian 北美印第安人. ,red `lead red oxide of lead, used in paint 铅丹（用做颜料）. red-`letter day day that is important or memorable because sth good happened on it 重要的或值得纪念的日子. ,red `light road signal meaning `stop'; danger signal on railways, etc 红灯（表示‘停’的道路信号; 铁路等的危险信号）: go through, jump a red light, ie not stop 闯红灯. red-`light district part of a town where there are many prostitutes, sex-shops, etc 红灯区（城市中妓女、 性用品商店等集中的地方）. ,red `meat beef, lamb or mutton 牛羊肉. Cf 参看 white meat (white1). ,red `pepper 1 (red fruit of the) capsicum plant 红辣椒. 2 = cayenne pepper. ,red `setter = Irish setter (Irish). `redskin n => Red Indian. ,red `tape (derog 贬) excessive bureaucracy, esp in public business 繁文缛节; （尤指）官僚作风: procedures hedged about with red tape 繁琐拖拉的办事程序

red3
* It takes weeks to get through the red tape. 办完这些繁琐的手续得需要几个星期. ,red `wine wine made from black grapes and coloured red by contact with their skins 红葡萄酒. Cf 参看 rose, white wine (white1). `redwood n any type of tree with reddish wood, esp a Californian conifer that sometimes grows to a great height 红木; （尤指加利福尼亚的）红杉（有些极高）.

redden
[5redn; 5redn] v 1 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become red （使某物）变红. 2 [I] (of the face) flush with shame, anger, etc （指脸）（因羞涩、 愤怒等）发红.

reddish
[5rediF; 5rediF] adj rather red 略呈红色的; 微红的: * reddish fur, hair 略带红色的皮毛、 毛发.

redeem
[ri5di:m; ri5dim] v 1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sb/sth) buy back sth by paying the required sum; recover sth 买回或赎回某物: * I redeemed my watch from the pawn shop. 我把手表从当 里赎回来了. (b) [Tn] pay off (eg a debt); clear 偿清（债务等）; 结清: * redeem a mortgage, loan, etc 偿还抵押借款、 贷款等. (c) [Tn] convert (bonds, shares, etc) into cash or goods 将（债券、 股票等）兑换为现金或货物: * This coupon can be redeemed at any of our branches. 这种息票可在我们的任何分行兑现. 2 [Tn] (fml 文) keep (a promise); fulfil 遵守（诺言）; 履行: * redeem one's pledges, obligations 履行誓约、 义务. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from sth) (a) obtain the freedom of sb, esp by payment; rescue sb 使某人获得自由; （尤指）为某人赎身; 解救某人: * redeem hostagesfrom captivity 营救禁锢的人质. (b) (fig 比喻) (of Christ) free or save (mankind) from sin （指耶稣）将人类从罪孽中拯救出来. 4 [Tn] (a) make up for faults or deficiencies in (sth); compensate for 补救或弥补（某事物）; 补偿: * The sole redeeming feature of this job is the salary. 这份工作唯其薪水尚可弥补一切之不足. * The acting was not good enough to redeem the (awfulness of the) play. 该剧（很糟糕）, 演得好也於事无补. * Jones redeemed his earlier poor performance by scoring two goals. 琼斯射入两球方弥补其初时表现之不足. (b) save (sb/sth/oneself) from blame; vindicate 使（某人[某事物/自己]）免受责难; 维护: * redeem one's honour 挽回名誉 * The minister redeemed himself in the eyes of the public by resigning. 这位大臣毅然辞职, 维护了自己在公众心目中的声誉. 派生： redeemable[-Ebl; -Ebl] adj that can be redeemed 可赎回的; 可补救的; 可偿清的; （债券等）可兑现的. the Redeemer n [sing] Jesus Christ 救世主; 耶稣基督.

redemption
[ri5dempFn; ri5dempFEn] n [U] (fml 文) 1 redeeming or being redeemed 赎回; 补救; 偿清; 兑现: * the redemption of one's property, debts, shares, promises 财产的赎回、 债务的偿清、 股票的兑现、 诺言的履行. 2 (idm 习语) beyond/past re`demption (esp joc 尤作戏谑语) in such a poor state that there is no chance of improvement or recovery 无可救药; 不可挽回: * When the third goal was scored against us, we knew the match was past redemption. 对方一射进第叁个球, 我们就知道这场比赛算是输定了. * Joan's career with the firm is really beyond redemption. 琼在该公司的工作确实没有回旋馀地了. > redemptive adj/ri5demptiv; ri5demptiv] adj (fml 文) of redemption; serving to redeem （用以）赎回的, 补救的, 偿还的.

redeploy
[7ri:di'plCi; 7ridi'plCi] v [Tn] give new positionsor tasks to (sb) 给予（某人）新的职位或任务; 重新调派: * redeploy troops, workers, scientists, etc 调动部队、 工作人员、 科学家等 * redeploy teachers into industry 把教师调入工业部门. 派生： redeployment n [U] redeploying 调动; 调配; 重新部署: the redeployment of staff, labour, manpower, etc 工作人员、 劳动力、 人力等的调配.

redevelop
[7ri:di'velEp; 7ridi'velEp] v [Tn] replan or rebuild (an area of land or building(s)) in a different way 重新规划或重新建设（某一地区或建 物）; 改造: * redevelop a city centre, housing estate, slum area, etc, eg modernize them, improve conditions, etc 改造市中心、 住宅区、 贫民区等. 派生： redevelopment n [U] redeveloping or being redeveloped 重新规划; 重新建设; 改造: an area ripe for redevelopment 条件成熟即可重建的地方.

rediffusion
[7ri:di'fju:Vn; 7ridi'fjuVEn] n [U] (esp Brit) relaying of broadcast radio or TV programmes esp bywire from a central receiver to public places (eg cinemas,etc) （无线电广播或电视节目的）转播（尤指向电影院等公共场所的有线转播）.

redirect
[7ri:di'rekt; 7ridE'rekt] v = readdress.

redistribute
[7ri:di'stribju:t; 7ridis'tribjut] v [Tn] give(sth) out in a different way 重新分配（某事物）: * redistributejobs, power, land 重新分配工作、 权力、 土地. > redistribution[7ri:distri5bju:Fn; 7ridistrE'bjuFEn] n [U]: * the redistribution of wealth, labour, resources, etc 财富、 劳力、 资源等的重新分配.

redo
[7ri:'du:; ri5du] v (pt redid[-'did; -'did] , pp redone[-'dQn; -'dQn] ) [Tn] 1 do (sth) again 再做或重做（某事物）. 2 (infml 口) redecorate (a room, building, etc); repair 重新装饰（房间、 建 物等）; 修理: * have the kitchen redone, ie wallpapered, painted, etc 重新装修厨房（贴壁纸、 粉刷等） * The roof needs redoing, eg retiling. 屋顶需要修理（如重新铺瓦）.

redolent
[5redElEnt; 5redlEnt] adj [pred 作表语] ~ of/with sth (fml 文) 1 smelling strongly of sth 有强烈气味: * have breath redolent of garlic, whisky, tobacco 口中有强烈的大蒜、 威士忌、 烟草气味 * a room redolent of roses 弥漫着玫瑰花香的房间. 2 (fig 比喻) strongly suggestive or reminiscent of sth 使人联想或回想起某事物的: * a town redolent of the past 使人对往事触景生情的小城. > redolence[-Ens; -Ens] n [U].

redouble
[7ri:'dQbl; ri5dQbl] v [I, Tn] 1 (cause sth to) become greater, stronger, more intense, etc （使某事物）变得更大、 更强、 再加倍: * Her zeal redoubled. 她热情倍增. * We must redouble our efforts. 我们应该加倍努力. 2 (in the card-game of bridge) double again (a bid already doubled by an opponent) （桥牌中）将（对方已加倍的叫牌）再加倍.

redoubt
[ri5daut; ri5daut] n (a) last defensive position within a system of fortifications （防御系统中的）最後阵地. (b) isolated fortified outpost 孤立的前哨站.

redoubtable
[ri5dautEbl; ri5dautEbl] adj (fml or joc 文或谑) to be feared and respected; formidable 令人敬畏的; 可怕的: * a redoubtable opponent, fighter 令人敬畏的对手、 战士.

redound
[ri5daund; ri5daund] v (phr v) redound on sb/sth (fml 文) come back on sb/sth; rebound or recoil on sb/sth 返回或报应到某人[某事物]上: * Your practical jokes will redound on you/your own head one day. 你那些恶作剧总有一天会使你自食其果. redound to sth (fml 文) contribute greatly to (one's/sb's reputation, etc); promote sth 提高（自己的[某人的]声誉等）; 促进某事物: * Her hard work redounds to her credit/to the honour of the school. 她工作努力从而提高了自己的声誉[为学校增添了荣誉]. * This course of action will redound to our advantage. 这种做法对我们很有好处.

redress
[ri5dres; ri5dres] v 1 [Tn] (fml 文) put right (a wrong); compensate for (sth) 纠正（过错）; 补偿（某事物）: * redress an injustice, an abuse, etc 纠正不公的现象、 弊端等 * redress a grievance 申冤 * redress the damage done 赔偿损失. 2 (idm 习语) redress the `balance make things equal again 使各事物重新相等或均衡: * The team has more men than women so we must redress the balance, ie include more women in it. 这个队男的多女的少, 所以我们得平衡一下（招收女队员）. 派生： redress n [U] ~ (for sth) (fml 文) redressing or being redressed; thing that redresses 纠正; 补偿; 有改正或补偿作用的事物: seek legal redress for unfair dismissal 对不合理的解雇一事提起诉讼以求匡正 * Under the circumstances, you have no redress, ie You cannot demand compensation. 在此情况下, 你不能索赔.

reduce
[ri5dju:s; - -'du:s; ri5dus] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) (to/by sb) make sth smaller in size, number, degree, price, etc 缩减（体积、 数量、 程度、 价格等）; 减小; 减少; 减低; 降低: * reduce volume, quantity, pressure, speed 缩小体积、 减少数量、 降低压力、 减低速度 * increase profits by reducing costs 降低成本以增加利润 * reduce one's weight from 98 to 92 kilos/by 6 kilos 把体重从98公斤减少到92公斤[减少6公斤] * Antibiotics will reduce the swelling. 使用抗菌素能消肿. * This shirt was greatly/drastically reduced in the sale. 这种衬衣在大减价时降价很多. 2 [I] (infml 口 esp US) lose weight intentionally; diet （有意识地）减轻体重; 节食. 3 [Tn.pr] ~ sb (from sth) to sth make sb lower in rank or status; demote sb 降低某人的级别或地位; 降职: * reduce a sergeant to the ranks, ie make him an ordinary soldier 把一名中士降为士兵 * The reform has reduced us to servants of the State. 这一改革把我们都降为公务员了. 4 [Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (from sth) to sth bring sb/sth into a specified (usu worse) state or condition 使某人[某事物]陷入某种（通常指更坏的）状态或状况中: * be reduced to begging, borrowing 沦落到得要饭、 借债 * reduce sb to tears, silence, despair, obedience 使某人流泪、 沉默、 绝望、 顺从 * reduce the chaos in one's office to some form of order 改变办公室的混乱状况, 使之有些条理 * Overwork has reduced him to a physical wreck. 他过度劳累而损害了健康. * The fire reduced the house to ashes. 这场火灾把那所房子化为灰烬. 5 [Tn.pr] ~ sth to sth change sth to a more general or basic form 将 某事物概括或简化成某种形式: * reduce an equation, argument, issue to its simplest form 把某方程式、 论据、 问题化为最简单形式 * reduce a problem to two main issues 把某问题归纳成两个要点. 6 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sth) (chemistry 化) remove oxygen from or add hydrogen or electrons to (a compound) 将（化合物）还原:

reduce1
* reduce water (ie to hydrogen) by electrolysis 用电解法把水还原（为氢） * reduce a compound to its constituentelements 将一化合物还原为构成该化合物的元素. Cf 参看 oxidize (oxide). 派生： reducible[-Ebl; -Ebl] adj ~ (to sth) that can be reduced 可缩减的; 可降低的; 可化简的; 可还原的.

reductio ad absurdum
[ri7dQktiEu d Eb'sE:dEm; ri5dQktio7AdEb'sEdEm] (Latin 拉) method of disproving a proposition by showing that, if interpreted literally and precisely, it would lead to an absurd result 归谬法; 反证法.

reduction
[ri5dQkFn; ri5dQkFEn] n 1 (a) [U] reducing or being reduced 缩减; 降低; 简化; 还原: * the reduction of tax 税金的减少 * reduction of an argument to its essentials 将论据归纳成为一些要点. (b) [C] instance of reducing 缩减; 降低; 简化; 还原: * a reduction in size, weight, etc 体积的缩小、 重量的减少 * a price reduction 价格的降低. (c) [C] amount by which sth is reduced, esp in price 缩减之量; （尤指）减去的价钱: * sell sth at a huge reduction 大幅度降价出售某物 * make/offer reductions on certain articles 对某些商品减价. 2 [C] copy of a map, picture, etc made by reducing the size of the original （地图、 图片等的）缩版, 缩图. Cf 参看 enlargement (enlarge).

redundant
[ri5dQndEnt; ri5dQndEnt] adj 1 (usu of language or art) not needed; superfluous; unnecessary （通常指语言或艺术）不必要的, 冗赘的, 多馀的: * a paragraph without a redundant word 无一冗词的一段文字 * The illustration had too much redundant detail. 解说中不必要的细节太多. 2 (esp Brit) (of industrial workers) no longer needed for any available job and therefore dismissed （指工人）（因人员过剩）被解雇的, 失业的: * become/be made/find oneself redundant 成为冗员而被裁 * the plight of redundant miners 被裁减的矿工的困境 * Fifty welders were declared redundant. 已公布削减五十名焊工. 派生： redundancy[-Ensi; -Ensi] n 1 [U] (a) state of being redundant(2) 人浮於事; 裁员; 成为冗员被裁: * a high level of redundancy among unskilled workers 非熟练工人的大量裁减 * [attrib 作定语] redundancy pay, money, etc, ie given to sb made redundant 遣散费（给予被裁减人员的）. (b) material that is redundant(1) （通常指语言或艺术）多馀的材料: * express oneself without redundancy 精练地表达意思. 2 [C] worker made redundant(2) 遭裁减的工人: * Two hundred redundancies were announced in the shipyards. 造船厂公布削减二百名工人. redundantly adv.

reduplicate
[ri5dju:plikeit; ri5duplE7ket] v [Tn] (fml 文) repeat (esp a word or syllable), as in bye-bye; double 重复（尤指词或音节）（如bye-bye）; 使加倍. >reduplication/ri7dju:pli'keiFn; - -7du:-; ri7duplE'keFEn] n [U].

reed
[ri:d; rid] n 1 (a) [C] (tall hollow stem of) any of various types of grass-like plants growing near water 芦苇（秆）. (b) [U] mass of such plants growing together 芦苇丛. 2 [C] strip of metal or cane that vibrates to produce sound in eg an oboe, a bassoon, or a clarinet 簧片（如双簧管、 低音管、 单簧管中的）: * [attrib 作定语] reed instruments 簧乐器. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page x. 3 (idm 习语) a broken reed => broken2. 派生： reediness n [U] state of being reedy(2) （声音的）尖利刺耳: an unpleasant reediness of tone 声调的刺耳尖利. reedy adj (-ier, iest) 1 having many reeds (reed 1) 多芦苇的; 芦苇丛生的. 2 (derog 贬) (of voices, sounds) high and scratchy instead of full and clear （指嗓音、 声响）尖利刺耳的: a thin, reedy tenor 音色尖细刺耳的男高音.

reef
1[ri:f; rif] n part of the top or bottom of a sail that can be rolled or folded to reduce the area exposed to the wind 缩帆部, 叠帆部（帆的顶部或底部可卷起或摺起的部分）. 派生： reef v [Tn] reduce the area of (a sail) by drawing in a reef or reefs 卷起或摺起（缩帆部）. 复合： `reef-knot (US square-knot) n type of symmetrical double-knot that will not slip or come undone easily 平结, 方结（对称的双结, 不容易滑脱或松开）.

reefer
[5ri:fE(r); 5rifl] n 1 (also reefer-jacket) close-fitting thick double-breasted jacket 厚布制的双排钮上衣. 2 (sl 俚) hand-rolled cigarette containing marijuana 手卷的大麻烟.

reek
[ri:k; rik] n [sing] 1 (derog 贬) strong bad smell 浓烈的臭味: * the reek of stale tobacco (smoke) 发霉烟草的臭（烟）味. 2 (Scot 苏格兰) thick smoke, usu from fires or chimneys 浓烟（通常指燃烧产生的或烟囱中喷发的）. 派生： reek v 1 [Ipr] ~ (of sth) (derog 贬) (a) smell unpleasantly of sth 发出难闻气味: His breath reeked of tobacco. 他口中带有烟草的臭味. * The room reeked of cheap perfume. 房间里弥漫着劣质香水的呛鼻气味. (b) (fig 比喻) strongly suggest sth unpleasant or suspicious 明显带有令人不快的或令人生疑的特质: Their actions reek of corruption. 他们的举动显然有贪污之嫌. 2 [I, Tn] (Scot 苏格兰) (usu of fires or chimneys) give out (thick smoke) （通常指火或烟囱）冒出（浓烟）.

reel
1[ri:l; ril] n (US spool) 1 cylinder, roller or similarly shaped object on which thread, wire, fishing line, photographic film, magnetic tape, etc is wound （线绳、 金属丝、 钓丝、 摄影胶片、 磁带等的）卷轴, 卷筒, 卷盘: * a cotton reel 绵线轴 * a cable reel 电缆卷轴. 2 quantity of thread, etc wound on such a cylinder, roller, etc 一卷轴、 卷筒、 卷盘等的量: * a six-reel film 一部有六盘胶片的电影. 派生： reel v 1 [Tn.p] ~ sth in/out wind (sth) on or off a reel; pull (sth) in by using a reel 在卷轴等上缠绕（某物）; 从卷轴等上抽出（某物）; 用卷轴等拉拽（某物）: reel the line, the hosepipe, etc out 从卷轴上放出线绳、 水龙带等 * The angler reeled the trout in slowly. 钓鱼的人慢慢地收绕钓丝钓起鳟鱼. 2 (phr v) reel sth off say or repeat sth rapidly without pause or apparent effort 一口气说或重复某事: reel off a poem, list of names, set of instructions 一口气背出一首诗、 说出许多名字、 发出一系列指令.

reeve
[ri:v; riv] n 1 (Brit) (a) (formerly) chief magistrate of a town or district （旧时）市镇或区的司法官. Cf 参看 sheriff 1. (b) (in medieval times) steward of a manor （中世纪时期）庄园的管家. 2 (in Canada) elected head of a village or town council （加拿大）乡镇议会的议长.

ref
[ref; ref] n (infml 口) = referee 1.

reface
[7ri:'feis; ri5fes] v [Tn] put a new surface on (a wall, building, etc) 装修（墙壁、 建 物等的）外表.

refectory
[ rI5fektrI or, rarely, 罕读作 5refIktrI; rI`fZktErI] n dining-hall in a monastery, convent, college, school, etc （修道院、 学校等的）食堂, 餐厅.

refer
[ri5fE:(r); ri5fE] v (-rr-) 1 [Ipr] ~ to sb/sth (a) mention or speak of sb/sth; allude to sb/sth 提到、 说到或涉及到某人[某事物]: * When I said some people are stupid, I wasn't referring to you. 我说有些人很愚蠢, 并不是指你. * Don't refer to this matter again, please. 请不要再提这件事了. * This incident in his childhood is never again referred to. 他小时候的这件事永远不再提了. (b) be relevant to sb/sth; concern sb/sth 与某人[某事物]有关; 关系到某人[某事物]: * What I have to say refers to all of you. 我要说的事和你们大家都有关. 2 [Ipr] ~ to sth/sb turn to sth/sb for information, etc 向某事物[某人]查询信息等: * refer to a dictionary, an expert 查词典、 询问专家 * I referred to my watch for the exact time. 我看了一下手表好知道准确的时间. * The speaker often referred to his notes. 那个讲演的人不时地看发言稿. 3 [Tn.pr esp passive 尤用於被动语态] ~ sb/sth to sb/sth send sb/sth to sb/sth for help, advice, action, etc 将某人[某事物]送交某人[某事物]以谋求帮助、 指点、 行动支持等: * refer a patient to a specialist for treatment 把病人交给专科医生治疗 * The dispute was referred to the United Nations/to arbitration. 该项争端已提交联合国处理[予以仲裁]. * I was referred to the manager/the enquiry office. 人家叫我去找经理[去问讯处]. * The reader is referred to page 3. 请读者参看第3页. 4 (phr v) refer sth back (to sb) return (a document, etc) to the sender for further clarification 将（文件等）退给送件人予以澄清: * The letter was referred back (to us) with a query. 该函已退给（我方）要求对某问题加以解释. 派生： referable/ri5fE:rEbl; ri5fEEbl] adj ~ (to sb/sth) that can be referred (refer 3) to sb/sth 可送交某人[某事物]的. referral/ri5fE:rEl; ri5fEEl] n 1 [U] referring (refer 3) or being referred to sb/sth 送交: * the referral of such cases to a doctor 将此类病人转给某医生诊治.

refer1
2 [C] person or thing referred (refer 3) to sb/sth 送交给某人[某事物]的人或事物: * several referrals from the clinic 从诊所转来的几个病人.

referee
[7refE'ri:; 7refE'ri] n 1 (also infml 口语作 ref) (in football, boxing, etc) official who controls matches, prevents rules being broken, etc （足球、 拳击等的）裁判员. =>illus at hockey 见hockey插图. Cf 参看 umpire. 2 person to whom disputes, eg between employers and employees, are referred for decision （争端, 如劳资纠纷的）仲裁者, 调解者, 公断者. 3 (Brit) person willing to make a statement about the character or ability of sb applying for a job （愿为求职者提供证明的）证明人, 介绍人, 推荐人: * The head teacher often acts as (a) referee for his pupils. 这位校长常为求职学生做证明人. 派生： referee v [I, Tn] act as a referee(1) in (sth) 当裁判: Who refereed (the match)? 谁当（这场比赛的）裁判?

reference
[5refErEns; 5refErEns] n 1 ~ (to sb/sth) (a) [U] act of referring (refer 1a) to sb/sth 提到; 说到; 涉及: * Avoid (making) any reference to his illness. 千万别提起他的病. * The original text is here for ease of reference. 谨附原文以便查考. (b) [C] statement, etc speaking of or mentioning sb/sth; allusion 说到或提到某人[某事物]的言语或文字等; 暗示: * He made pointed (ie obvious) references to the recent scandal. 他有针对性地提到最近的丑闻. * The book is full of references to places I know. 这本书里提到许多我熟悉的地方. 2 [C] ~ (to sb/sth) note, etc telling a reader in what other book, article, etc information may be found; book, passage, etc referred to in this way or as an authority （向读者指示参考书、 文章等的）附注, 旁注; （做此种用途的）书, 章节: * a thesis crowded with references to other sources 有旁徵博引附注的论文 * check your references 要核对引证的资料 * cite Green 1986 as a reference 引用1986年格林的论述作参考资料. 3 [C] (abbr 缩写 ref) (commerce 商) (on letters, etc) means of identification （书信等的）编号: * Please quote our reference when replying. 回信时请注明我方函件编号. 4 [C] (person willing to make a) statement about a person's character or abilities （有关某人品格或能力的）证明文书, 介绍信; 证明人: * quote sb/sb's name as a reference 提出某人[某人的名字]做可咨询的证明人 * provide a reference for sb 为某人出具证明 * supply sb with a reference 向某人提供愿做证明的人 * She has excellent references from former employers. 她持有以前的雇主写的很好的证明书. * a banker's reference, ie a note from one's bank saying that one's financial position is sound 银行证明（证明某人财务状况良好）. Cf 参看 testimonial 1. 5 (idm 习语) bear/have some/no reference to sth (not) be connected with sth 与某事物有关[无关]: * This has no reference to what we were discussing. 这与我们讨论的问题无关. a frame of reference => frame1. in/with reference to sb/sth

reference1
(esp commerce 尤用於商业) about or concerning sb/sth 关於某人[某事物]: * I am writing with reference to your job application. 敬覆者, 关於您申请工作一事. Cf 参看 terms of reference (term). without reference to sb/sth not taking account of sb/sth 不考虑某人[某事物]; 置某人[某事物]於不顾: * She issued all these invitations without any reference to her superiors. 她未请示上级擅自把所有这些请柬都发了出去. 复合： `reference book book, eg an encyclopedia or a dictionary, which is consulted for information, not read right through 参考书, 工具书（如百科全书或词典）. `reference library (also `reference room) library or room having books that may be consulted on the premises, but not borrowed 参考书阅览室（藏书仅供室内参阅, 不外借）. `reference marks marks, eg *, , , , used to direct the reader to eg a footnote, where information may be found 参照符号（如*、 、 、 , 用以指示读者参看脚注等）.

referendum
[7refE'rendEm; 7refE'rendEm] n (pl ~s) [C, U] referring of a political issue to a general vote by all the people of a country for a decision; vote thus taken 全民投票（以表决某政治问题）; 全民投的票: * hold a referendum on ending conscription 就结束徵兵问题举行全民投票 * settle a national issue by referendum 以全民投票来解决一项国家大事. Cf 参看 plebiscite.

refill
[7ri:'fil; ri5fil] v [Tn] fill again 再装满; 再充满: * refill a glass, (petrol) tank, (cigarette) lighter, etc 把玻璃杯、 汽 油箱、 打火机等重新灌满. 派生： refill[5ri:fil; 5ri7fil] n new material used to refill a container; container thus refilled 用以重新装入一容器的新添材料; 重新装入新添材料的容器: * (infml 口) Would you like a refill (ie another glass of beer, wine, etc)? 您还要再添一杯吗? * two refills for a cartridge pen 两支替换笔芯.

refine
[ri5fain; ri5fain] v [Tn] 1 remove impurities from (sth); purify 从（某物）中除去杂质; 精制; 精炼; 提纯: * refine sugar, oil, ore, etc 制糖、 炼油、 提炼矿石 * refining processes 提炼过程. 2 improve (sth) by removing defects and attending to detail （去粗取精、 一丝不苟）改良（某事物）: * refine one's working methods 改进自己的工作方法 * refine earlier systems, designs, theories 改良原先的制度、 设计、 理论. 3 (fig 比喻) make (sb/sth) more cultured or elegant; remove what is coarse or vulgar from 使（某人[某事物]）更有教养或更文雅; 使去掉粗俗言行: * refine one's manners, taste, language 使举止更优雅、 趣味更高雅、 语言更文雅. 派生： refined adj 1 cultured or elegant; free from what is coarse or vulgar 有教养的; 文雅的; 不粗俗的: Her tastes are very refined. 她的趣味十分高雅. 2 freed from impurities 纯净的; 精炼的: refined sugar, oil, etc 精制的糖、 精炼的油. refiner n person, firm or machine that refines (refine 1)做精炼加工的人、 企业或机器: sugar refiners 精糖制造者. refinery[-nEri; -nEri] n factory, etc where sth is refined 精炼加工厂: * a `sugar refinery 制糖厂 * an `oil refinery 炼油厂.

refinement
[ri5fainmEnt; ri5fainmEnt] n 1 [U] refining or being refined 精炼; 精制; 提纯: * the refinement of oil, sugar, etc 油、 糖等的精炼 * the gradual refinement of her taste in music 她音乐修养的逐步提高. 2 [U] culture or elegance of manners, taste, language, etc （仪态、 趣味、 语言等的）高雅, 文雅: * a person of great refinement 温文尔雅的人 * lack of refinement 缺乏教养. 3 [C esp pl 尤作复数] (a) clever development of eg machinery, technique; improvement （机器、 技术等的）精巧的改进; 改良: * all the refinements of 20th-century technology 20世纪技术上的一切进步 * The oven has an automatic timer and other refinements. 这个烤箱有自动定时器及其他改进装置. * make further refinements to our original model 对我们最初的型号作进一步的改进. (b) subtle or ingenious development of eg thought, behaviour 精妙, 精细（思想、 行为的）: * refinements of meaning, cruelty 意义的精细入微、 残酷之极.

refit
[5ri:fit; 5ri7fit] n repair or renewal of parts (of a ship, etc) （船等的）修理或更换零部件: * The liner is in dock for a refit. 班轮正在船坞修理. 派生： refit[7ri:'fit; ri5fit] v (-tt-) (a) [Tn, Cn.n/a] ~ sth (as sth) give a refit to (a ship, etc) 修理（船等）或更换其零部件: * The ferry was refitted as a troop-ship and joined the fleet. 那艘渡轮已改装为运兵船编入舰队. (b) [I] (of a ship, etc) be given a refit （指船等）被修理或更换零部件: * put into port to refit 进港修理.

reflate
[7ri:'fleit; ri5flet] v [I, Tn] increase the amount of money and credit circulating in (an economy) to restore the system (after a period of deflation) to its previous condition （增加流通货币及贷款）使经济（在通货紧缩後）复苏. Cf 参看 deflate 2, inflate 3. 派生： reflation/ri:'fleiFn; ri5fleFEn] n [U] reflating or being reflated 放宽银根使经济复苏. reflationary/ ri:5fleIFnrI; US -nerI; ri`fleFE9nZrI/ adj: * adopt reflationary policies, measures, etc 采取增加流通货币使经济复苏的政策、 措施等.

reflect
[ri5flekt; ri5flekt] v 1 [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: * Tn, Tn.pr] (a) ~ sb/sth (in sth) (of a mirror, etc) make a visible image of sb/sth （指镜子等）映出某人[某物]的影像: * trees reflected in a window/lake 窗上[湖中]映出的树影 * He looked at his face reflected in the mirror. 他照镜子看看脸. (b) ~ sth (from sth) (of a surface) throw back (light, heat, sound) （指物体表面）反射（光、 热、 声）: * The heat reflected from the white sand formed a mirage. 热气经白色的沙面反射形成了蜃景. * The moon shines with reflected light. 月球是藉反射阳光而发光的. 2 [Tn] (fig 比喻) show the nature of or express (sth); correspond to 表现（某事物）的性质; 表达（某事物）; 符合: * Her sad looks reflected the nature of her thoughts. 她面带忧伤显出心事重重. * The literature of a period reflects its values and tastes. 某一时期的文学可反映出该时期的价值观念和审美观念. * Increased sales were reflected in higher profits. 销售量的增加带来了更大的利润. 3 [I, Ipr, Tf, Tw no passive 不用於被动语态] ~ (on/upon sth) think deeply about, or remind oneself of, past events; consider 沉思或思忆（往事）; 思考: * I need time to reflect (on your offer/on what you offered). 我需要时间来考虑（你的建议[你提出的建议]）. * She reflected that his argument was probably true. 她心想他的理由也可能对. * How distant those times seemed now, he reflected. 他在想那些日子现在已显得多麽遥远. 4 (idm 习语) reflect (well, badly, etc) on sb/sth show or suggest that sb/sth is sound, unsound, etc 表明或显出某人[某事物]健全、 不健全等: * This scandal will reflect badly on the Party as a whole. 这件丑闻可以说明这个党在整体上不健康. reflect credit, discredit, etc on sb/sth (of actions, results, etc) bring honour, dishonour, etc to sb/sth （指行为、 结果等）给某人[某事物]带来光荣、 耻辱等:

reflect1
* These excellent results reflect great credit on all our staff. 这些优异的成绩给我们全体工作人员带来了莫大的光荣. * Stealing reflects dishonour on your family. 偷窃行为会使家人蒙羞.

reflection
(Brit also reflexion)[ri5flekFn; ri5flekFEn] n 1 (a) [U] reflecting or being reflected 反映; 反射; 表现; 沉思: * heat transmitted by reflection 由反射传导的热. (b) [C] thing reflected, esp an image in a mirror, still water, etc 被反映或反射之物; （尤指镜中、 静水等中的）映像: * see one's reflection in a polished table-top 在光亮的桌面上看见自己的映像 * the reflection of the trees in the lake 湖面映出的树的倒影 * (fig 比喻) be a pale reflection of one's former self, eg after an illness 与自己以前相比, 面容憔悴（如病後）. 2 [C] (fig 比喻) thing reflecting the nature of eg a person, task, etc 可反映人、 任务等的本质的事物: * Your clothes are a reflection of your personality.一个人的衣着可反映出其个性. 3 (a) [U] thought or memory of past events; consideration 沉思; 回忆; 思考: * lost in reflection 陷入沉思中 * act without sufficient reflection 未经深思即采取行动 * A moment's reflection will show you are wrong. 只要略加考虑就可看出你错了. (b) [C] ~ (on sth) (often pl 常作复数) (spoken or written expression of an) idea arising from this 经沉思而产生的想法（表达出的语言或文字）: * idle reflections on the past 回忆往事的遐想 * publish one's reflections on sexism 发表对性别歧视的看法. 4 (idm 习语) be a (bad/poor/adverse) reflection on sb/sth harm the good reputation of sb/sth; imply blame or criticism of sb/sth 损害某人[某事物]的名声; 暗含责难或批评: * Your remarks are a reflection on me/my character. 你的话是对我[我的人格]的污辱. * This mess is a (poor) reflection on her competence. 这种混乱情况说明她难当此任. on reflection after reconsidering (sth) 再经考虑: * On further reflection, I saw that she might be right, after all. 我再一考虑, 反倒觉得可能还是她对. * She decided, on reflection, to accept the offer. 她重新考虑後, 决定接受那个建议.

reflective
[ri5flektiv; ri5flektiv] adj 1 (of a person, mood, etc) thoughtful （指人、 心情等）思考的, 沉思的: * in a reflective frame of mind 在沉思中. 2 (of a surface, etc) reflecting (esp light) （指物体表面等）反射的, 反映的; （尤指）反光的: * reflective number plates, eg on cars 反光的号码牌（如汽车上的）. > reflectively adv: * answer, comment, etc reflectively 经过思考而答覆、 评论等.

reflector
[ri5flektE(r); ri5flektl] n 1 thing that reflects heat, light or sound 反射热、 光或声音的东西; 反射器; 反射物. 2 red disc fitted to the back of a vehicle; disc or strip fitted to cycle wheels, etc making them visible in the dark by reflecting the lights of other vehicles 机动车辆尾部的红色反光器; 自行车轮等上的圆形或条形反光镜. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xiii.

reflex
[5ri:fleks; 5rifleks] n (also `reflex action) involuntary action (eg sneezing or shivering) made instinctively in response to a stimulus 反射作用（受刺激後的本能反应, 如打喷嚏或发抖）: * Sorry I hit you; it was a pure reflex. 对不起我撞着你了; 这完全是无意的. * have quick, slow, normal, etc reflexes 产生迅速的、 缓慢的、 正常的...反射动作 * test/control one's reflexes 测验[控制]自己的反射动作 * [attrib 作定语] a reflex movement, response, etc, ie one arising from a reflex 反射运动、 反射性反应. 复合： reflex `angle angle of more than 180 优角（大於180的角）. `reflex camera camera in which the object or scene to be photographed is reflected by a mirror, and focused on a large viewfinder for adjustment up to the moment of exposure 反射式照相机.

reflexion
(Brit) = reflection.

reflexive
[ri5fleksiv; ri5fleksiv] n, adj (grammar) (word or form) showing that the action of the verb is performed on its subject 反身的（词或形式）（表示动词的动作及於施动者）: * a reflexive verb, pronoun, eg as in `He `cut himself.’ 反身动词、 代词（如He cut himself）. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: The reflexive verb is usually stressed. For emphasis, the syllable -self[-selves of the reflexive pronoun may be stressed. 反身动词通常须重读. 为加强语气, 反身代词中的-self[-selves这个音节可以重读.

refloat
[7ri:'flEut; ri5flot] v [I, Tn] (cause a ship, etc to) float again after sinking, running aground, etc （使船只等）（沉没、 搁浅等之後）再浮起.

reforest
(US) = reafforest.

reform
[ri5fC:m; ri5fCrm] v [I, Tn] become or make better by removing or putting right faults, errors, etc 变好; 改善; 改进; 改良; 改革; 改造: * There are signs that he's reforming. 有迹象表明他在变好. * reform one's ways, habits 改变作风、 习惯 * reform an unfair salary structure 改革不合理的工资结构 * He's given up drink and is now a reformed character. 他戒了酒, 现已判若两人. 派生： reform n 1 [U] reforming or being reformed 改善; 改进; 改良; 改革; 改造: agitate for, bring about, effect social reform 鼓吹、 带来、 实行社会改革 * the reform of teaching methods 教学法的改进 * [attrib 作定语] reform laws, bills, measures, etc 改革法律、 法案、 措施等. 2 [C] change that removes or puts right faults, errors, etc （缺点等的）克服; （错误等的）改正, 纠正: make, carry out reforms in education 进行、 实行教育改革. reformer n person who brings about or advocates reform 改进者; 改革者; 改造者: a social, political, religious reformer 社会的、 政治的、 宗教的改革者.

reformation
[7refE'meiFn; 7refl'meFEn] n 1 (a) [U] reforming or being reformed 改善; 改进; 改良; 改革; 改造: * the reformation of criminals 对罪犯的改造. (b) [C] great change for the better in social, religious or political affairs （社会、 宗教或政治事务的）改革，改良, 变革: * a reformation in state education 国家教育事业的改革. 2 the Reformation [sing] 16th-century European movement for reform of the Roman CatholicChurch, which resulted in the establishment of Reformedor Protestant Churches 宗教改革（16世纪欧洲改革天主教会的运动, 产生了新教）.

reformatory
[ri5fC:mEtri; - -tC:ri; ri5fCrmE7tCri] n (US) place where young offenders are sent to be trained and reformed （失足少年的）管教所, 教养所. Cf 参看 approved school (approve), Borstal. 派生： reformatory adj (fml 文) tending or intended to produce reform （为）改善的, 改革的, 改造的.

refract
[ri5frAkt; ri5frAkt] v [Tn] bend (a ray of light) where it enters eg water or glass at an oblique angle from a medium of different density 使（光线）折射: * Light is refracted when passed through a prism. 光线经过 镜时产生折射现象. 派生： refraction/ri5frAkFn; ri5frAkFEn] n [U] refracting or being refracted 折射（现象）. =>illus at spectrum 见spectrum插图.

refractory
[ri5frAktEri; ri5frAktEri] adj 1 (fml 文) difficult to control or discipline; wilful or unmanageable 难控制的; 不听管教的; 任性的; 难管理的: * a very refractory child 很不听话的孩子. 2 (of a disease, etc) not yielding to treatment （指疾病等）难治的. 3 (of substances, metals, etc) difficult to fuse or work; resistant to heat （指物质、 金属等）难熔的; 难处理的; 耐热的: * refractory brick, eg in furnace linings 耐火砖.

refrain
1[ri5frein; ri5fren] n 1 lines of a song or poem which are repeated, esp at the end of each verse （歌曲或诗歌的）叠句; （尤指每节末的）反复部分, 副歌: * Will you all join in singing the refrain, please? 请大家一道来唱副歌好吗? 2 tune accompanying this 副歌曲调: * a haunting refrain 萦绕於心头的副歌曲调 * (fig 比喻) the familiar refrain of her husband's snoring 她丈夫的习惯的鼾声.

refresh
[ri5freF; ri5freF] v [Tn] 1 give new strength or vigour to (sb/sth); restore or revive 给（某人[某事物]）新的力量或活力; 使恢复; 使振作: * refresh oneself with a cup of tea/a hot bath 喝杯茶[洗个热水澡]以提神 * She felt refreshed after her sleep. 她睡了一觉就精神了. 2 (idm 习语) refresh one's/sb's memory (about sb/sth) remind oneself/sb of facts by referring to notes, etc （藉助笔记等）使自己[某人]想起: * Just refresh my memory: * were you born in York? 请再告诉我一次: * 你是在约克郡出生的吧? 派生： refreshing adj 1 giving new strength or vigour; restoring or reviving 给人以新的力量或活力的; 提神的; 使人重新振作的: a refreshing bath, sleep, cup of tea 使人恢复精力的一个澡、 一觉、 一杯茶 * This breeze is very refreshing. 这微风使人心旷神怡. 2 (fig 比喻) welcome and interesting because unusual or novel （因少见或新奇）令人欣喜闻, 使人耳目一新的: a refreshing sense of humour 别具一格的幽默感 * a new and refreshing approach to a problem 对某问题别辟蹊径的处理方法 * The holiday was a refreshing change for us. 这次假日别开生面, 我们都感到新奇. refreshingly adv: refreshingly honest, original, different 极其老实的、 新颖的、 不同的. 复合： re`fresher course course of instruction for egteachers to learn about new techniques and developmentsin their field 进修课程（如为教师等设的业务知识更新课）.

refreshment
[ri5freFmEnt; ri5freFmEnt] n 1 [U] refreshing or being refreshed （精力的）恢复; （身心的）爽快. 2 (a) [U] (fml or joc 文或谑) food and drink 食物和饮料: * partake of some refreshment 吃些东西 * [attrib 作定语] a refreshment room, eg at a railway station where food and drink are sold 小吃部（如火车站等处的）. (b) refreshments [pl] snacks 小吃; 点心: * Light refreshments (eg ice-cream, crisps, chocolate) are available during the interval. 中间休息时有些点心（如冰激凌、 炸土豆片、 巧克力）.

refrigerate
[ri5fridVEreit; ri5fridVE7ret] v [Tn] make (food, etc) cold in order to freeze or preserve it 冷冻, 冷藏（食物等）: * keep meat, milk, etc refrigerated 冷藏肉、 牛奶等. 派生： refrigerant[-rEnt; -rEnt] n substance that refrigerates, eg liquid carbon dioxide 致冷剂（如液态二氧化碳）; 冷冻剂. refrigeration/ri7fridVE'reiFn; ri7fridVE'reFEn] n [U] (of food, etc) refrigerating or being refrigerated, in order to freeze or preserve （指食物等）冷冻, 冷藏: * Keep perishable foods under refrigeration. 把容易变质的食物冷藏起来. * [attrib 作定语] the refrigeration industry 制冷工业. refrigerator/ri5fridVEreitE(r); ri5fridVE7retl] n (also esp US ice-box, infml 口语作 fridge/fridV; fridV] ) cabinet or room in which food is kept cold 冰箱; 冷藏室; 冷藏库. Cf 参看 freezer.

refuel
[7ri:'fju:El; ri5fjuEl] v (-ll-; US -l-) [I, Tn] (cause a car, plane, etc to) be filled up with fuel （给汽车、 飞机等）加燃料: * stop, land, dock, etc for refuelling 停车、 着陆、 靠码头等以便加燃料.

refuge
[5refju:dV; 5refjudV] n 1 [C, U] ~ (from sb/sth) (place giving) shelter or protection from danger, trouble, pursuit, etc 避难（处）; 庇护（所）: * a place of refuge 避难处 * seek refuge from the storm 躲避暴风雨 * take refuge in the cellar 在地下室里避难 * a refuge (eg a safe house) for battered wives, alcoholics, etc 遭受殴打的 妻子、 酗酒者等的藏身处 * (fig 比喻) For her, poetry is a refuge from the world. 她把诗歌当作逃避现实的慰藉物. 2 [C] (Brit) = traffic island (traffic).

refugee
[7refju'dVi: - 'refjudVi:; 5refju7dVi] n person who has been forced to leave his country, home, etc and seek refuge, esp from political or religious persecution 难民, 避难者, 流亡者（尤指因遭政治上或宗教上的迫害）: * [attrib 作定语] set up ,refu`gee camps 建立难民营.

refulgent
[ri5fQldVEnt; ri5fQldVEnt] adj (fml 文) gloriously bright; shining 光辉的; 灿烂的; 明亮的. > refulgence n [U].

refund
[ri:'fQnd; ri5fQnd] v [Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr esp passive 尤用於被动语态] ~ sth (to sb) pay back (money received); reimburse (expenses incurred) 退还（所收的钱）; 偿付（花去的费用）: * refund a deposit 退还保证金 * Postage costs will be refunded (to you). 邮费将退还（给你）. * I'll refund you the full cost of your fare. 我来偿付你的全部旅费. 派生： refund[5ri:fQnd; 5ri7fQnd] n [C, U] repayment; reimbursement 退款; 偿还金额: * a tax, pension, etc refund 税金、 年金等的退款 * claim, obtain, pay, etc a refund 要求、 获得、 支付...退款 * He demanded a refund on the unused tickets. 他要求对未使用之票给予退款. refundable adj that can be refunded 可退还的; 可偿还的: a non-refundable deposit 不予退还的保证金.

refurbish
[7ri:'fE:biF; ri5fEbiF] v [Tn] make (sth) clean or bright again; redecorate 将（某物）弄乾净; 使（某物）恢复光亮; 重新装饰: * The flat will be refurbished for the new tenants. 这套房间将重新粉刷以接纳新房客.

refusal
[ri5fju:zl; ri5fjuzl] n 1 (a) [U] refusing or being refused 拒绝: * refusal of a request, an invitation, an offer, etc 回绝一请求、 邀请、 建议等. (b) [C] act of refusing 拒绝: * a blunt, flat, curt, etc refusal 乾脆的、 断然的、 粗率的...拒绝. 2 the refusal [sing] right to accept or refuse sth before it is offered to others; option 优先取舍权（决定是否接受某事物的优先权）: * have the refusal on a car, house, etc 对是否购买某汽车、 房子等, 有优先取舍权. Cf 参看 first refusal (first1).

refuse
1[5refju:s; 5refjus] n [U] waste or worthless material; rubbish 废料; 废物; 垃圾: * kitchen, garden, household, etc refuse 厨房里的、 花园里的、 家里的...垃圾 * [attrib 作定语] a refuse bag, dump, bin, etc 垃圾袋、 堆、 箱等 * refuse disposal 废料的处理. 复合： `refuse collector (fml 文) = dustman (dust).

refute
[ri5fju:t; ri5fjut] v [Tn] prove (a statement, an opinion, etc or a person) to be wrong 证明（某说法、 意见等或某人）不对; 反驳; 驳斥: * refute a claim, a theory, an argument 驳斥某要求、 理论、 论点 * refute an opponent 反驳对方. 派生： refutable[-Ebl, also 'refjutEbl; -Ebl] adj that can be refuted 可反驳的; 可驳斥的. refutation[7refju:'teiFn; 7refju'teFEn] n 1 [U] refuting or being refuted 反驳; 驳斥; 辩驳. 2 [C] argument that refutes sth; counter-argument 作辩驳用的论据; 反驳性论据.

regain
[ri5gein; ri5gen] v 1 [Tn] get (sth) back again after losing it; recover 重新获得（失去之事物）; 恢复: * regain consciousness 恢复知觉 * regain one's freedom, health, sight 恢复自由、 健康、 视力 * Our troops soon regained possession of the town. 我部队不久重克该镇. 2 [Tn no passive 不用於被动语态] reach (a place or position) again 再到（某地或某位置）: * regain the river bank 返回河岸 * regain one's footing/balance, eg after slipping, stumbling, etc 重新站稳[恢复平衡]（如滑了一下、 绊了一下等之後）.

regal
[5ri:gl; 5rigl] adj of, like or fit for a king or queen; royal （似）帝王的; 为帝王而设的; 王室的: * regal dignity, splendour, power 帝王的威严、 豪华、 权力 * (fig 比喻) The developers made a regal (ie generous) offer for the land. 地产商出高价购买该地. > regally[-gEli; -gli] adv.

regale
[ri5geil; ri5gel] v [Tn.pr] (fml or joc 文或谑) (a) ~ sb with sth amuse or entertain sb (with stories, jokes, etc) （用故事、 笑话等）使某人快乐或喜悦: * She regaled us with an account of her school-days. 她讲她上学时的往事把我们逗得不亦乐乎. (b) ~ oneself/sbon/with sth give (esp choice) food and drink to oneself/sb 以（尤指上等的）食物和饮料供自己[某人]享用: * regale an invalid with fruit and other dainty morsels 给病人吃水果和美味佳肴 * We regaled ourselves on caviar and champagne. 我们尽情地享用鱼子酱和香槟酒.

regalia
[ri5geiliE; ri5geliE] n [U] 1 emblems or robes of royalty used at coronations, eg crown, orb and sceptre （加冕礼中用的）王权的标志（如王冠、 宝球和权杖）; 王袍: * the king in full regalia 王袍加身的君王. 2 emblems and costumes of an order (eg the Order of the Garter), or of a certain rank or office 某种勋位（如英国嘉德勋位）或某种官阶或官职的标志和服装: * wearing the mayoral regalia, ie the mayor's chain of office, etc 戴着市长的职务标志（官职链等）.

regard
1[ri5ga:d; ri5gard] v 1 [Tn] (fml 文) look steadily at (sb/sth) in the specified way 注视, 凝视（某人[某物]）: * She regarded him closely, intently, curiously, etc. 她紧紧地、 目不转睛地、 好奇地...注视着他. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.n/a] ~ sb/sth (with sth); ~ sb/sth as sth consider or think about sb/sth in the specified way 将某人[某事物]视为; 认为某人[某事物]是: * How is he regarded locally? 当地的人对他看法如何? * Your work is highly regarded. 你的工作很受重视. * We regard her behaviour with suspicion. 我们对她的行为有怀疑. * regard sb unfavourably/with disfavour 对某人没有好感 * I regard your suggestion as worth considering/as worthy of consideration. 我觉得你的建议值得考虑. * We regard your action as a crime/as criminal. 我们认为你这种行为是犯罪行为. * She's generally regarded as a nuisance. 大家都很讨厌她. 3 [Tn] (usu in negative sentences or questions 通常用於否定句或疑问句) pay attention to (sth); heed 注意（某事物）; 留意: * He seldom regards my advice. 他很少听我的话. * He booked the holiday without regarding my wishes. 他不考虑我的意愿就把假日的一切都定下来了. 4 (idm 习语) as regards sb/sth concerning or connected with sb/sth 关於或至於某人[某事物]: * I have little information as regards his past. 我对他过去的情况不太了解. * As regards the second point in your letter... 关於你信中的第二点.... 派生： regarding prep with reference to (sb/sth); concerning 对於（某人[某事物]）; 关於; 至於: She said nothing regarding your request. 她对你的要求只字不提.

regatta
[ri5gtE; ri5gAtE] n sporting event at which races are held between rowing-boats or yachts 划船比赛; 赛艇会.

regd
abbr 缩写 = (commerce 商) registered.

regency
[5ri:dVEnsi; 5ridVEnsi] n 1 [C] (period of) office of a regent 摄政（期）. 2 the Regency [sing] (in Britain) the period 1810-20, when George, Prince of Wales acted as regent （英国）摄政时期（1810-1820年,威尔士亲王乔治摄政时期）: * [attrib 作定语] Regency architecture, furniture 英国摄政时期的建 风格、 家具.

regenerate
[ri5dVenEreit; ri5dVenE7ret] v 1 [Tn] give fresh strength or life to (sb/sth); restore 赋予（某人[某事物]）新的力量或生命; 使恢复: * After his holiday he felt regenerated. 他休假之後觉得又有了精神. * Their aim is to regenerate British industry. 他们的目的是复兴英国的工业. 2 [I, Tn] (cause a person or an institution to) reform or improve, esp morally or spiritually 改造或改进（人或机构）（尤指在道德上或精神上）: * The party soon regenerated under her leadership. 该党在她的领导下很快焕然一新. 派生： regenerate/ri5dVenErEt; ri5dVenErit] adj [usu attrib通常作定语] (fml 文) morally or spiritually reformed （道德上或精神上）新生的, 更新的: * a regenerate society 观念更新的社会. regeneration/ri7dVenE'reiFn; ri7dVenE'reFEn] n [U]. regenerative/ri5dVenErEtiv; ri5dVenE7rEtiv] adj: * enjoy the regenerative powers of sea air 享受清新宜人的海上空气.

regent
[5ri:dVEnt; 5ridVEnt] (often 常作 Regent) n person appointed to rule a country while the monarch is too young, old, ill, etc, or is absent 摄政者. 派生： regent (often 常作 Regent) adj (following ns 用於名词之後) performing the duties of a Regent 摄政的: the Prince Regent 摄政王.

reggae
[5regei; 5rege] n [U] type of West Indian popular music and dance with strong rhythms 西印度群岛的节奏很强的流行音乐和舞蹈.

regicide
[5redVisaid; 5redVE7said] n 1 [U] crime of killing a king 弑君罪. 2 [C] person who commits or helps to commit this crime 弑君者; 弑君罪犯或从犯.

regime
,/rei'Vi:m, also 'reVi:m; re'Vim] n 1 (a) method or system of government 统治方式或制度; 政体; 政权: * a socialist, fascist, etc regime 社会主义、 法西斯等制度. (b) prevailing method or system of administration (eg in a business) 盛行的管理方式或制度（如商业中的）: * changes made under the present regime 现行管理方法带来的变化 * the old regime versus the new 新管理制度对旧管理制度. 2 regimen 养生法; 摄生法.

regimen
[5redVimEn; 5redVE7mEn] n (medical or fml 医或文) set of rules about diet, exercise, etc aimed at improving sb's health and physical well-being （以增进健康及强身为目的, 在饮食、 锻炼等方面规定的）生活制度; 养生法; 摄生法: * follow a strict regimen 严格地遵守养生之道 * put a patient on a regimen 为某病人安排生活制度.

regiment
[5redVimEnt; 5redVEmEnt] n 1 [CGp] (a) (artillery and armour) unit divided into batteries or squadrons （炮兵的和装甲兵的）团: * an attack by three tank regiments 以叁个坦克团的进攻. (b) (British infantry) unit, usu based on a city or county, and represented in the field by battalions （英国步兵的）团队（以营编制的作战单位, 通常为从一市或一郡中徵集的）: * the 1st battalion of the Lancashire Regiment 兰开夏郡团队第1营 * enlist in a crack (ie outstanding) infantry regiment 加入赫赫有名的团队. 2 [CGp] ~ of sth/sb (fig 比喻) large number of things or people 大量的物或人: * a whole regiment of volunteers 大批志愿者. 派生： regiment[5redViment; 5redVE7ment] v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (esp derog 尤作贬义) force strict discipline on (sb/sth); organize rigidly into groups, patterns, etc 严格地管制（某人[某事物]）; 严密地编组、 编队等: * regimented school outings 控制极严的校外远足活动 * tourists regimented into large parties for sightseeing 编成大组进行观光的游客. regimentation[7redVimen'teiFn; 7redVEmen'teFEn] n [U].

regimental
[7redVi'mentl; 7redVE'mentl] adj [attrib 作定语] of a regiment 团的; （英国步兵）团队的: * a regimental mascot, band, parade, etc 团队的吉祥物、 乐队、 队列 * regimental headquarters, colours, etc 团指挥部、 团旗. 派生： regimentals n [pl] uniform of a regiment 团的制服; （英国步兵的）团队制服: dressed in full regimentals 身穿全套团队制服.

Regina
[ri5dVainE; ri5dVainE] n (Latin 拉) (used esp in signatures on proclamations or in the titles of lawsuits 尤用於文告之签署或诉讼案件之名称中) reigning queen 女王: * Elizabeth Regina 伊丽莎白女王 * (law 律) Regina v Hay, ie the Crown versus Hay 王国政府对海伊的讼案. Cf 参看 Rex.

region
[5ri:dVEn; 5ridVEn] n 1 part of a surface or bodyor space with or without definite boundaries or characteristicfeatures 物体表面、 身体或空间的部分（可有可无边缘或特徵）; 范围; 部位; 地方; 地区; 区域: * the Arctic, desert, tropical, etc regions 北极、 沙漠、 热带等地区 * the northernmost regions of England 英格兰的最北部地区 * pains in the abdominal region 腹部的疼痛. 2 administrative division of a country 行政区. 3 (idm 习语) in the region of sth approximately (a number, weight, price, etc) 大约（某数量、 重量、 价格等）: * earn (somewhere) in the region of 20000 a year 一年约挣20000英镑. 派生： regional[-nl; -nl] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of a region 局部范围的; 部位的; 地方的; 地区的; 区域的: * the regional wines of France 法国各地出产的葡萄酒 * organized, listed, etc on a regional basis 按地区组织的、 列出的等. regionally[-nEli; -nli] adv.

register
1[5redVistE(r); 5redVistl] n 1 (book containing an) official list or record of names, items, attendances, etc 登记; 注册; 注册簿; 登记表; 登记簿: * a parish register, ie listing births, marriages and deaths 牧区登记册（记载出生、 婚丧等事项） * Lloyd's Register (of Shipping) 劳埃德船级社 * the electoral register/the register of voters, ie of people entitled to vote 选民名册 * make entries in a register 登记入册 * The class teacher called the (names on the) register. 任课教师点了名. 2 mechanical device for indicating or recording speed, force, numbers, etc automatically 记录器（自动显示或记录速度、 力度、 数量等的装置）: * a cash register 现金出纳机. 3 (part of the) range of a human voice or a musical instrument （人声或乐器的）声区: * notes in the upper/middle register 高[中]声区 * the lower register of a clarinet, tenor, etc 单簧管、 男高音等的低声区. 4 (linguistics 语言) range of vocabulary, grammar, etc used by speakers in particular social circumstances or professional contexts 语域（在特定社交场合或专业领域中人们使用的词汇、 语法等的范围）: * the informal register of speech 通俗语体 * specialist registers of English, eg for legal, financial, etc matters 英语的专门术语（如法律、 金融等术语）. 5 adjustable metal plate for widening or narrowing an opening and regulating draught, esp in a fire-grate 节气门, 调风器（尤指炉箅中的）. 复合： `register office => registry office (registry).

registrar
[ 9redVI5strB:(r), 5redVIstrB:(r); 9rZdVI`strBr,`rZdVI9strBr] n 1 (a) official keeper of records or registers, eg of births, marriages and deaths 户籍员. (b) official responsible for admissions, examinations, etc at a university 注册主任（大学中主管招生、 考试等事务的负责人）: * an assistant registrar 助理注册主任. 2 (Brit) senior hospital doctor being trained as a specialist or consultant(2) 专科住院医师.

registration
[7redVi'streiFn; 7redVi'streFEn] n 1 [U] registering or being registered 登记; 注册; 挂号: * registration of letters, parcels, trunks, etc 信件、 包裹、 衣箱等的挂号 * registration of students for a course/examination 学生之选课[考试]登记 * [attrib 作定语] registration fees 注册费. 2 [C] entry in a register 登记或注册的项目: * an increase in registrations for ballet classes 芭蕾舞班注册人数的增加. 复合： regi`stration number series of letters and numbers displayed at the front and back of a vehicle to identify it 机动车的登记号码; 牌照号码. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xii.

registry
[5redVistri; 5redVistri] n place, eg in a church or university, where registers are kept 登记处, 注册处（如教堂或大学等的）. 复合： `registry office (also `register office) place where civil marriages are performed before a registrar, and where records of births, marriages and deaths are made 户籍登记处（由户籍员登记并主持结婚仪式处, 无宗教仪式, 该处并负责记录出生、 婚丧等事项）.

Regius professor
[7ri:dViEs prE'fesE(r); 7ridViEs prE'fesl] (Brit) professor (esp at Oxford or Cambridge) holding a university chair which was founded by a king or queen, or is filled with the monarch's approval 钦定讲座教授（尤指牛津大学或剑桥大学的）（该职由君主钦定设立或由君主批准任命）.

regnant
(often 常作 Regnant)[5regnEnt; 5regnEnt] adj (fml 文) (following ns 用於名词之後) reigning 在位的; （君主）统治的, 执政的: * Queen Regnant, ie one ruling in her own right, not as a consort 执政的女王.

regress
[ri5gres; ri5gres] v [I, Ipr] ~ (to sth) (fml 文) return to an earlier or less advanced form or state 退步; 倒退; 回归; 退化. 派生： regression/ri5greFn; ri5greFEn] n regressing 退步; 倒退; 回归; 退化. regressive adj regressing or tending to regress 退步的; 倒退的; 回归的; 退化的.

regret
1[ri5gret; ri5gret] n 1 [U, C] feeling of sadness at the loss of sb/sth; feeling of annoyance, disappointment or repentance 痛惜; 懊悔; 遗憾; 失望; 悔恨: * express, feel regret at/about a missed opportunity 对错过良机表示、 感到懊悔 * I heard of his death with profound/deep/great regret. 我听到他去世的消息感到万分悲痛. * Much to my regret, I am unable to accept your invitation. 很抱歉, 我不能接受你的邀请. * I have no regrets about leaving. 我对离去一事毫不後悔. 2 regrets [pl] (fml 文) (used in polite expressions of refusal, apology, etc 用以表示拒绝、 歉意等的客气说法): * give/send one's regrets, eg in answer to a wedding invitation 深表歉意（如谢绝婚礼邀请） * Please accept my regrets at refusing/that I must refuse. 有拂雅意, 深以为憾. 派生： regretful[-fl; -fl] adj feeling or expressing regret 痛惜的; 悔恨的; 遗憾的: * a regretful smile, look, etc 抱歉的笑容、 样子等. regretfully[-fEli; -fEli] with regret; sadly 痛惜地; 悔恨地; 遗憾地; 哀伤地: * smile regretfully 遗憾地微笑 * Regretfully, I must decline. 很抱歉, 我不得不辞谢.

regroup
[7ri:'gru:p; ri5grup] v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (for sth) form into groups again; form (sth) into new groups 重新编组; 重组（某事物）: * The enemy regrouped (their forces) for a new attack. 敌人重新聚集（兵力）准备发起新的进攻.

Regt
abbr 缩写 = Regiment.

regular
[5regjulE(r); 5regjEll] adj 1 [esp attrib 尤作定语] happening, coming or done repeatedly at times or places which are the same distance apart 有规律的; 定期的; 定时的: * regular breathing 均匀的呼吸 * a regular pulse, heartbeat, etc 正常的脉搏、 心跳等 * have regular bowel movements 大便正常 * have regular habits/be regular in one's habits, ie do the same things at the same times every day 作息时间有规律 * lampposts placed at regular intervals 按等距离设置的路灯柱. 2 conforming to a principle or standard of procedure; proper 合乎原则的; 符合规定的; 正当的; 适合的: * He applied for the job through the regular channels, ie in the accepted way. 他通过正常的途径申请这一工作. * You should sign a contract to make your job situation regular. 你应该签个合同使你任职合乎规定手续. 3 evenly or systematically arranged; symmetrical 均匀的; 整齐的; 对称的; 匀称的: * (approv 褒) her regular teeth, features 她那整齐的牙齿、 匀称的五官 * jets flying in (a) regular formation 编成整齐队形飞行的喷气式飞机 * a regular geometrical figure, eg a polygon, with sides and angles equal 规则的几何图形. 4 [esp attrib 尤作定语] (a) normal or usual 正常的; 经常的: * my regular doctor, dentist, etc 经常给我看病的医生、 牙医等 * our regular customers, readers, listeners, etc 我们的老主顾、 读者、 听众等. (b) continuous or habitual; constant 连续的; 习惯性的; 固定不变的: * have no regular work, employment, etc 没有固定的工作、 职业等 * a regular offender, ie against the law 惯犯 * He was a regular visitor of hers. 他是她家的常客. 5 [attrib 作定语] belonging to the permanent armed forces of a country 常备军的; 正规军的: * a regular soldier, army, battalion 正规士兵、 军、 营. 6 (grammar) (of verbs, nouns, etc) having normal inflected forms （指动词、 名词等）按规则变化的:

regular1
* The verb `go' is not regular, but `walk' is. go是不规则动词, walk是规则动词. 7 (infml often ironic 口, 常作反语) thorough; complete 彻底的; 完全的: * a regular hero, rascal, genius 真正的英雄、 流氓、 天才 * This is a regular mess. 真是乱七八糟. * You're a regular little charmer, aren't you? 你真是个小迷人精, 对不对? 8 [attrib 作定语] (dated US infml 旧, 口) likeable; good 可爱的; 好的: * He's a regular guy. 他是个好人. 9 (idm 习语) (as) ,regular as `clockwork (infml 口) doing sth or occurring at set times in a way that can be depended upon 极有规律: * She arrives every day at five, (as) regular as clockwork. 她每天五点钟到, 极有规律. 派生： regular n 1 member of the permanent armed forces of a country 正规军人. 2 (infml 口) regular customer or client at a shop, pub, etc （商店、 酒馆等的）老主顾, 常客: He's one of our regulars. 他是我们的老主顾. regularity[7regju'lArEti; 7regjE'lArEti] n [U] state of being regular 规律性; 规则性; 经常性: * regularity of attendance at church 经常去教堂做礼拜 * They meet with great regularity. 他们定期会面. regularly adv 1 at regular intervals or times 有规律地; 经常地; 定期地: The post arrives regularly at eight every morning. 邮件每天上午八点钟按时送到. 2 in a regular manner 整齐地; 匀称地: a garden laid out regularly 布局很整齐的花园.

regularize, regularise
[5regjulEraiz; 5regjElE7raiz] v [Tn] make (sth) lawful or correct 使（某事物）合法化或合乎规律: * Illegal immigrants can regularize their position by obtaining the necessary residence permit. 非法移民获得必要的居留证後即可使身分合法. > regularization, -isation[7regjulErai'zeiFn; - -ri5z-; 7regjElEri5zeFEn] n [U].

regulate
[5regjuleit; 5regjE7let] v [Tn] 1 control or direct (sth) by means of rules and restrictions （以规章制度）控制或管理（某事物）: * regulate one's conduct, expenditure, lifestyle 约束行为、 限制消费、 节制生活方式 * regulate the traffic 管理交通 * The activities of credit companies are regulated by law. 信贷公司的业务受法律制约. 2 adjust (an apparatus, a mechanism, etc) so that it functions as desired; control (speed, pressure, etc) in this way 调校, 校准（仪器、 机械等）; 控制（速度、 压力等）: * regulate a clock, radiator, etc 校准时钟、 调节散热器 * This valve regulates the flow of water. 这个阀门控制着水的流量. 派生： regulator n device that regulates, esp the time 调节器; （尤指）整时器: a pressure, temperature, etc regulator 压力、 温度等调节器.

regulation
[7regju'leiFn; 7regjE'leFEn] n 1 [U] regulating or being regulated; control 管理; 调校; 校准; 调节; 控制: * the regulation of share prices 股票价格的管制. 2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] rule or restriction made by an authority 规章; 规则; 法规; 条例: * regulations laid down for your guidance 为指导工作而制定的规章制度 * too many rules and regulations 过多的规章制度 * fire, flood regulations 防火、 防洪条例 * `safety regulations, eg in factories 安全规则（如工厂中的） * `traffic regulations, ie made by the police 交通规则 * contrary to/against (the) regulations 违章. 3 [attrib 作定语] required by the regulations; correct 规定的; 正规的: * in regulation dress, uniform, etc 穿规定的服装、 制服等 * drive at the regulation speed, eg on motorways 按规定速度行车（如在高速公路上）.

regurgitate
[ri5gE:dViteit; ri5gEdVE7tet] v (fml 文) 1 [Tn] bring (swallowed food) up into the mouth again 使（ 下的食物）反回到口中; 反刍. 2 [I] (of liquid, etc) gush back （指液体等）回涌, 回流. 3 [Tn] (fig 比喻) give (opinions, etc gained from others) as if they were one's own 将（别人的意见等）当作自己的表达出: * He's simply regurgitating stuff remembered from lectures. 他只不过是照背讲义而已. > regurgitation/ri7gE:dVi'teiFn; ri7gEdVE'teFEn] n [U].

rehabilitate
[7ri:E'biliteit; 7riE'bilE7tet] v [Tn] 1 restore (sb) to a normal life by retraining, medical treatment, etc, esp after imprisonment or illness （通过重新培训、 治疗等）使（某人）恢复正常生活（尤指出狱者或病愈者）: * rehabilitate the mentally/physically disabled in the community 使社区中智力[身体]有缺陷的人恢复正常的生活. 2 (fig 比喻) restore (sb who has suffered loss of rank, reputation, etc) to his former position; reinstate 恢复（某人）原有的地位、 名誉等; 使恢复原状: * rehabilitate a disgraced former leader 为蒙受耻辱的原领导人恢复名誉. 派生： rehabilitation[7ri:E7bili'teiFn; 7riE7bilE'teFEn] n [U] rehabilitating or being rehabilitated 恢复; 复原: * the patient's slow rehabilitation 病人的缓慢康复 * [attrib 作定语] a rehabilitation centre, eg for psychiatric patients 康复中心（如为精神病人设立的）.

rehash
[7ri:'hAF; ri5hAF] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (into sth) (infml derog 口, 贬) put (ideas, material, etc) into a new form with no great change or improvement 使（意见、 材料等）改变形式（并无实质改变）: * rehash newspaper articles into a book 把报上的文章编辑成册 * His answer was just a rehashed version of my lecture. 他的回答只不过是把我的讲义重复了一遍. 派生： rehash[5ri:hAF; 5ri7hAF] n 1 [sing] rehashed material 只在形式上经过变动的材料: * a rehash of familiar ideas 对旧思想的翻新. 2 [U] rehashing （形式上的）改变, 翻新.

rehear
[7ri:'hiE(r); ri5hir] v (pt, pp reheard[7ri:'hE:d; ri5hEd] ) [Tn] hear or consider (a case, etc in a lawcourt) again 重新审理或复审（案件等）. 派生： rehearing n reconsideration (of a case, etc) （案件等的）重新审理或复审: get, be given, demand a rehearing 获得、 被给予、 要求重新审理.

rehearse
[ri5hE:s; ri5hEs] v 1 (a) [I, Tn] practise(a play, piece of music, etc) for public performance排练（戏剧、 乐曲等）; 排演: * rehearse with a full cast, orchestra, etc 与全体演出人员、 管弦乐队等进行预演 * rehearse an opera 排练歌剧. (b) [Tn] supervise or train (sb) by practising in this way （通过排演）指导或训练（某人）: * rehearse the actors for the fight scene 指导演员排练武打场面. 2 [Tn] (fml 文) give an account of (sth), esp to oneself; recite 讲述（某事物）; （尤指）自述, 背诵: * rehearse one's grievances 诉苦 * He rehearsed the interview in his mind beforehand. 他把面试时要说的话预先想好了. 派生： rehearsal[-sl; -sl] n 1 [U] rehearsing 排练; 排演; 训练; 讲述; 背诵: * put a play into rehearsal 排练一出戏 * have two plays in rehearsal, ie being rehearsed 有两出戏正在排演. 2 [C] practice performance of a play, opera, etc （戏剧、 歌剧等的）排练, 排演: * have/hold/stage a `dress rehearsal 进行彩排. 3 [C] (fml 文) account or recital of sth, esp in the mind 讲述; 背诵; （尤指）默诵: * a rehearsal of what he would say 对要说的话的默诵.

rehouse
[7ri:'hauz; ri5hauz] v [Tn] give (sb) a new house, flat, etc 向（某人）提供新房子、 寓所等: * tenants rehoused during building repairs 在修房期间予以安排新住处的房客 * the need to rehouse people in the inner cities 给旧城区的居民提供新住房的需要.

Reich
[raik, raix; raik] n [sing] the former German state （旧时的）德国; （德意志）帝国: * the Third Reich, ie Germany under the Nazi regime (1933-1945) 第叁帝国（1933-1945年纳粹统治下的德国）.

reign
[rein; ren] n (period of) rule of a king or queen 君主的统治; 君主统治时期: * in/during the reign of King Alfred 在阿尔弗烈德大王统治时期 * (fig 比喻) The revolution was followed by a reign of terror, ie a time of violence. 革命之後随即出现了恐怖统治（暴政时期）. 派生： reign v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (over sb/sth) be king, queen or regent; rule 成为国君或摄政王; 当政; 统治: reign over the country/over one's subjects 统治国家[臣民]. 2 [I] (esp fig 尤作比喻) be dominant; prevail 君临; 支配; 盛行: Silence reigned, ie There was complete silence. 万籁俱寂. * the reigning champion, Miss World, etc 本届的冠军、 世界小姐等 * Chaos reigns supreme in our new house. 我们的新房子里乱极了.

reimburse
[7ri:im'bE:s; 7riim'bEs] v [Tn, Tn.pr esp passive 尤用於被动语态, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb); ~ sb (for sth) (usu fml 通常作庄重语) pay back to sb (money that he has spent, lost, etc); refund sth 补偿某人（花费、 损失等的钱）; 偿还某物: * I was reimbursed in full. 我已得到全部补偿. * All expenses will be reimbursed (to you). 一切费用都能（给你）报销. * We will reimburse the customer for any loss or damage. 我们愿赔偿顾客受到的一切损失和损害. 派生： reimbursement n [C, U] repayment (of expenses, etc) （费用等的）偿还, 报销.

rein
[rein; ren] n 1 (a) [C often pl 常作复数] long narrow strap fastened to the bit of a bridle and used to guide and control a horse 绳: * ride on a short/long rein, ie use more/less control 骑马时拉紧[放松] 绳. (b) reins [pl] similar device for restraining a small child 成人牵着幼儿走路用的保护带. 2 reins [pl] (fml 文) means of control 控制手段: * hold, take up, assume, etc the reins of government, ie (begin to) govern 掌握、 取得、 执掌...政权. 3 (idm 习语) give, etc free rein to sb/sth => free1. keep a tight rein on sb/sth => tight. 派生： rein v (phr v) rein sth in slow down or stop (a horse) by pulling back the reins （用 绳）勒住（马）（使之放慢或止住脚步）.

reincarnate
[7ri:'inka:neit; 7riin'karnet] v [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: * Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.n/a] ~ sb/sth (in/as sb/sth) bring back (a soul after death) in another body 使（灵魂）转世; 使（灵魂）投胎: * Some people believe they may be reincarnated in the form of an animal. 有些人相信他们死後可能转生为动物. 派生： reincarnate[7ri:in'ka:neit; 7riin'karnet] adj (dated 旧) born again in a new body 转生的; 再生的. reincarnation[7ri:inka:'neiFn; 7riinkar'neFEn] n (a) [U] belief that the soul enters a new (human or animal) body after death 转世说（认为人死後灵魂可投入另一人或动物之躯体内）. (b) [C] instance of this; new body inhabited in this way 转世; （灵魂的）转世化身.

reindeer
[5reindiE(r); 5ren7dir] n (pl unchanged 复数不变) type of large deer with branched antlers, living in the arctic regions 驯鹿（体型较大, 生有枝状角, 生活在北极地区）: * a herd of reindeer 一群驯鹿 * [attrib 作定语] reindeer meat 驯鹿肉. Cf 参看 caribou.

reinforce
[7ri:in'fC:s; 7riin'fCrs] v [Tn] 1 make (sth) stronger by adding material, etc （以添加材料等）加固（某物）: * reinforce the sleeves of a jumper, eg with elbow patches 在套头毛衣肘部加补钉 * reinforce a wall, bridge, dyke, etc 把墙、 桥、 堤坝等加固. 2 (fig 比喻) give more support to (sth); emphasize 给（某事物）更多的支持; 加强: * reinforce sb's opinion, argument, conviction,etc 支持某人的意见、 论点、 信念等 * This evidence reinforces my view that he is a spy. 这个证据证实了我认为他是间谍的这一看法. 3 increase the numbers or military strength of (sth) 增加（某事物）的数量或军事力量: * reinforce a garrison, fleet, etc 增援驻军、 舰队等 * Our defences must be reinforced against attack. 我们必须加强防御设施以抵抗敌人的进攻. 派生： reinforcement n 1 [U] reinforcing or being reinforced 加固; 加强; 增援. 2 reinforcements [pl] extra soldiers, ships, tanks, etc sent to reinforce armed forces, etc 用以增援武装力量等的士兵、 舰船、 坦克等; 援军. 复合： ,reinforced `concrete (also ferroconcrete) concretewith metal bars or wires embedded in it to give greater strength 钢筋混凝土.

reinstate
[7ri:in'steit; 7riin'stet] v [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.n/a] ~ sb (in/as sth) restore sb to a previous (esp important) position 使某人恢复原先的（尤指重要的）职位或地位: * reinstate sb in the post of manager/as manager 恢复某人的经理职位 * (fig 比喻) Sue is now reinstated in his affections, eg after a quarrel. 休现在又重新得到了他的爱（如在争吵之後）. > reinstatement n [U].

reissue
[7ri:'iFu:; ri5iFu] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.n/a] ~ sb (with sth); ~ sth (as sth) issue again (esp sth that has been temporarily unavailable) 重新发行（尤指暂无之物）: * reissue a stamp, coin, magazine, etc 重新发行邮票、 硬币、 杂志等 * The novel was reissued as a paperback. 该小说以平装本的形式再版. 2 [Tn] issue (sth) again, esp after it has been recalled 再发出（某物）（尤指曾收回的）: * reissue library books after stocktaking 经清点後重新出借图书馆的书. 派生： reissue n thing reissued, esp a reprint of a book in a new format 重新发行之物; （尤指形式一新的）再版书.

reiterate
[ri:'itEreit; ri5itE7ret] v [Tn, Tf] (fml 文) say or do (sth) again or repeatedly 再次或反覆说或做（某事物）: * reiterate a command, question, offer, etc 重申一项命令、 重复一个问题、 重提一个建议. Cf 参看 iterate. 派生： reiteration/ri:7itE'reiFn; ri7itE'reFEn] n [C, U] (instance of) reiterating or being reiterated 重复或反覆的话语或行为: * (a) reiteration of past excuses 旧藉口的重新搬出.

reject
[ri5dVekt; ri5dVekt] v 1 [Tn, Cn.n/a] refuse to accept (sb/sth) 拒绝接受（某人[某事物]）: * reject a gift, a possibility, an opinion, a suggestion 拒绝接受一件礼物、 一种可能性、 一条意见、 一项建议 * a rejected candidate, applicant, etc 遭到拒绝的候选人、 申请人等 * She rejected his offer of marriage. 他向她求婚, 她拒绝了. * After the transplant his body rejected (ie failed to adapt to) the new heart. 他的身体对新移植的心脏产生排斥作用. * The army doctors rejected several recruits as unfit. 军医拒收几名新兵, 认为身体不合格. 2 [Tn] put (sth) aside or throw (sth) away as not to be used, chosen, done, etc; discard 抛弃（某事物）; 摈弃; 剔除: * Imperfect articles are rejected by our quality control. 我们进行质量检验时, 有缺陷的产品均予剔除. * reject over-ripe fruit, eg when making jam 除去熟透的水果（如制果酱时）. 3 [Tn] not give due affection to (sb/sth); rebuff 不给予（某人[某事物]）应有的爱; 慢待: * The child was rejected by its parents. 这孩子未受到父母的疼爱. 派生： reject[5ri:dVekt; 5ridVekt] n rejected person or thing 被拒绝或被抛弃的人或事物: * rejects from an officers' training course 军官培训课程的不合格者 * export rejects, ie damaged or imperfect goods 被拒收的出口货物 * [attrib 作定语] reject china, earthenware, etc 不合格的瓷器、 陶器等. rejection/ri5dVekFn; ri5dVekFEn] n (a) [U] rejecting or being rejected 拒绝; 抛弃. (b) [C] instance of this 拒绝; 抛弃: * Her proposal met with continual rejections. 她的建议一再遭到拒绝. 复合： re`jection slip formal note from an editor or a publisher accompanying a rejected article, book, etc 退稿通知单（编辑或出版者附在退稿等上的）.

rejig
[7ri:'dVig; 7ri5dVig] v (-gg-) [Tn] 1 re-equip (a factory, plant, etc) for a new type of work 重新装备（工厂等）. 2 (infml 口) rearrange (sth) 重新布置（某物）: * rejig the kitchen to fit in the new cooker 重新布置厨房以安装新炉具.

rejoice
[ri5dVCis; ri5dVCis] v 1 [I, Ipr, It] ~ (at/over sth) (fml 文) feel or show great joy 极欢喜; 极高兴; rejoice over a victory 为胜利而欣喜 * rejoice at sb's success 为某人的成功而高兴 * I rejoice to hear that you are well again. 得知你身体康复, 甚为欣慰. * We rejoiced that the war was over. 我们为战争结束而欢欣鼓舞. 2 (phr v) rejoice in sth (joc 谑) have or glory in (a title, etc) 有（某种称号等）; 以（有某种称号等）为荣: * She rejoices in the name of Cassandra Postlethwaite. 她为有卡桑德拉．波斯尔思韦特这样的名字而引以为荣. 派生： rejoicing n 1 [U] happiness; joy 快乐; 欢喜; 高兴. 2 rejoicings [pl] expressions of joy; celebrations 欢乐的表现; 庆祝: loud rejoicings after the victory 胜利之後的欢呼声.

rejoin
1[7ri:'dVCin; 7ri5dVCin] v [Tn] 1 join (sb/sth) again; be reunited with 与（某人[某事物]）重新在一起: * rejoin one's group, ship, regiment 重新回到组里、 船上、 团里 * She made a detour and rejoined us on the other side of the wood. 她绕道在树林的另一边与我们重新会合. * This lane rejoins the main road further on. 这条小巷前端与大路相连. 2 join (sth) together again 使（某物）重新接合: * rejoin the broken pieces 把碎片重新接好.

rejuvenate
[ri5dVu:vEneit; ri5dVuvE7net] v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] restore youthful appearance, strength, etc to (sb) 使（某人）恢复青春容貌、 活力等: * feel rejuvenated after a holiday 度假之後感到又有了精神. > rejuvenation/ri7dVu:vE'neiFn; ri7dVuvE'neFEn] n [U, C]: * undergo a total rejuvenation 完全恢复了活力.

rekindle
[7ri:'kindl; ri5kindl] v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) light again （将某物）重新点燃: * rekindle the fire by blowing on the ashes 向灰烬吹气使火复燃 * (fig 比喻) rekindle love, enthusiasm, hope, etc 再次燃起爱情、 热 情、 希望...之火.

relapse
[ri5lAps; ri5lAps] v [I, Ipr] ~ (into sth/doing sth) fall back into a previous condition or a worse state after making an improvement 退回到原来的或更坏的状态; 退步: * relapse into bad habits 重染恶习 * relapse into unconsciousness, silence, crime 再度昏迷、 恢复平静、 再次犯罪 * relapse into smoking twenty cigarettes a day 又恢复到一天吸二十支香烟的地步. 派生： relapse n act of relapsing, esp after partial recovery from an illness 倒退; （尤指疾病好转後的）复发: have/suffer a relapse 旧病复发.

relate
[ri5leit; ri5let] v 1 [Tn, Tw, Dn.pr, Dpr.w] ~ sth (to sb) (fml 文) give an account of (facts, experiences, etc); tell (a story, etc) 叙述（事实、 经历等）; 讲（故事等）: * relate the events of the last week 叙述上周发生的事 * She related (to them) how it happened. 她（给他们）讲那事发生的经过. 2 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth to/with sth connect (two things) in thought or meaning; associate sth with sth （在思想上或意义上）将（两事物）联系起来; 将某事物与另一事物相联系: * It is difficult to relate cause and effect in this case. 这个案件中的动机与效果很难联系起来. * The report relates high wages to/with labour shortages. 该报告把工资高与劳动力短缺联系在一起了. (b) [Ipr] ~ to sb/sth be connected with sb/sth else; refer to sb/sth 与他人[他事物]有关; 涉及某人[某事物]: * Wealth is seldom related to happiness. 财富鲜与幸福相关. * statements relating to his resignation 与他辞职一事有关的说法 * Does the new law relate only to theft? 新法规是否只涉及盗窃案? 3 [Ipr] ~ to sb/sth be able to understand and sympathize with sb/sth 能理解并同情某人[某事物]: * Some adults can't relate to children. 有些成年人不理解儿童的想法. * I just can't relate to (ie appreciate) punk music. 我对蓬克摇滚音乐简直一窍不通. 4 (idm 习语) strange to relate/say => strange. 派生： related adj ~ (to sb/sth) 1 connected or associated with sb/sth （与某人[某事物]）有关的, 相联系的: crime related to drug abuse 与滥用麻醉药品有关的罪案 * chemistry, biology and other related sciences 化学、 生物学及其他相关的科学. 2 [esp pred 尤作表语] in the same family or class, etc 属於同一家族或种类等: be closely/distantly related (to sb) （与某人）是近[远]亲 * two related species of ape 有亲缘关系的两种猿 * He is related to her by marriage. 他与她是姻亲. relatedness n [U] being related 有关; 相关.

relation
[ri5leiFn; ri5leFEn] n 1 [U] ~ (between sth and sth); ~ (to sth) way in which one person or thing is related to another; similarity, contrast or connection between people, things or events （人或事物与他者的）联系, 关联, 关系: * the relation between rainfall and crop production 降雨量与作物产量之间的关系 * The cost of this project bears/has/shows no relation to the results, ie It does not justify them. 此项目的费用与其成果不相称. 2 (a) [C] person who is related to another; relative 亲戚; 亲属: * a close/near/distant relation of mine 我的近亲[较近的亲戚/远亲] * a relation by marriage/law 姻亲. (b) [U] family connection; kinship 亲戚关系; 亲属关系: * Is he any relation (to you)? 他（跟你）是亲戚吗? * He's no relation (to me). 他（跟我）不是亲戚. * What relation are you (to each other)? ie How are you related? 你们（彼此之间）是什麽亲属关系? 3 relations [pl] ~s (between sb/sth and sb/sth); ~s (with sb/sth) links or contacts between people, groups, countries, etc; dealings （人、 团体、 国家等之间的）关系, 联系; 交往: * diplomatic, international, business relations 外交、 国际、 业务关系 * the friendly relations (existing) between our countries 我们国家之间（存在的）友好关系 * Relations are rather strained (ie difficult or awkward) at present. 目前关系有些紧张. * break off (all) relations with one's family 与家庭断绝了（一切）联系. 4 (idm 习语) have (sexual) relations (with sb) have intercourse (with sb) 与（某人）发生（性）关系; 与（某人）性交. in/with relation to sb/sth (fml 文) concerning sb/sth; with reference to sb/sth 与某人[某事物]有关; 涉及某人[某事物]. a poor relation => poor. 派生： relationship n 1 ~ (between A and B); ~ (of A to/with B) state of being connected 关系; 关联: the close relationship between industry and trade/of industry to trade 工业与贸易间的密切关系.

relation1
2 (a) ~ (between A and B); ~ (of A to B) state of being related by birth or marriage 血缘关系; 姻亲关系: a father-son relationship父子关系. (b) ~ (between A and B); ~ (of A with B)emotional or sexual liaison 感情的或性的关系: have a relationship with sb 与某人有情 * Their affair did not develop into a lasting relationship. 他们的暧昧交往未能发展成为持久的关系. 3 ~ (between A and B); ~ (of A with B) links or contacts; dealings 关系; 联系; 交往: a purely business relationship 纯业务关系 * The author had a good working relationship with his editor. 该作者与编辑之间工作关系很融洽. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Compare relation, relationsand relationship. 试比较relation、 relations、 relationship这叁个词. Relationship has the widest use, covering many of the meanings of relation and relations. *relationship用法最广, 包括了relation和relations的许多含义. 1 Relation and relationshipcan be used of family connections *relation和relationship可用以表示亲属关系: A relation of mine is coming to stay. 我有个亲戚要来此暂住. * `What's your relationship to her?’ `She's my cousin.’ ‘你跟她是什麽亲戚?’‘她是我的表妹.’ 2 Relationship can indicate a strong emotional association *relationship可以指强烈的感情联系: Their relationship has lasted many years. 他们的感情已有很多年了. 3 When speaking about less personal associations or friendships, relations or relationship is used 若不侧重个人关系或友谊时, 可用relations或relationship: Relations with the USSR are improving. 与苏联的关系正在改善. * Britain has a unique relationship with the USA. 英国与美国之间的关系很特殊. 4 Relation and relationship can indicate a similarity or correspondence between things *relation和relationship可以表示事物之间的相似处或一致性: relative /// [5relEtiv; 5relEtiv] adj 1 ~ (to sth) considered in relation or proportion to sb/sth else; comparative （与他人[他事物]）相对的, 成比例的, 比较的: * the relative merits of the two plans, candidates, cars 两种方案、 两个候选人、 两辆汽车在相比之下显示出的长处 * Supply is relative to demand. 供应要与需求保持一定比例. * They are living in relative comfort, ie compared with other people or with themselves at an earlier time. 他们现在生活比较舒适（与他人或与过去相比而言）. Cf 参看 absolute 4. 2 ~ to sth (fml 文) (following ns 用於名词之後) having a connection with sth; referring to sth 与某事物有关的; 关於或涉及某事物的: * the facts relative to the problem 与这问题有关的事实 * the papers relative to the case 关於此案的文件. 3 [attrib 作定语] (grammar) referring to an earlier noun, clause or sentence 与前面的名词、 主句、 从句或句子相关联的: * a relative pronoun, clause, adverb 关系代词、 从句、 副词 * The word `who' in `the man who came' is a relative pronoun. 在the man who came这一片语中who这个词是关系代词. 派生： relative n person who is related to another; relation 亲戚; 亲属: a close/near/distant relative of hers 她的近亲[较近的亲戚/远亲]. relatively adv 1 in relation or proportion to sb/sth else; comparatively （与他人[他事物]）相对地, 比较地: Considering the smallness of the car, it is relatively roomy inside. 别看这辆汽车小, 里面还比较宽敞. * Relatively speaking, this matter is unimportant. 相对来说, 这事并不重要. 2 (infml 口) quite; moderately 相当地; 适度地: In spite of her illness, she is relatively cheerful. 她尽管有病, 但仍很快乐.

relativism
[5relEtivizEm; 5relEti7vizEm] n [U] belief that truth is not always and generally valid, but is limited by the nature of the human mind 相对主义（认为真理并非在任何时候、 任何地方都站得住脚, 而是受到人的认识水平的局限）.

relativity
[7relE'tivEti; 7relE'tivEti] n [U] 1 state of being relative(1) 相对性. 2 (physics 物) Einstein's theory of the universe, which shows that all motion is relative and treats time as a fourth dimension related to space 相对论. 派生： relativistic[7relEti'vistik; 7relEti'vistik] adj (esp physics 尤用於物理学) based on relativity 相对论的.

relax
[ri5Aks; ri5lAks] v 1 (a) [I, Tn] (make sth) become less tight, stiff, etc （使某事物）松弛、 放松等: * Let your muscles relax slowly. 让你的肌肉慢慢放松. * relax one's grip, hold, grasp (on sth) 放松（对某物的）掌握. (b) [I, Ipr] ~ (into sth) become less anxious, worried or formal in manner; be at ease 缓和下来; 变得轻松: * Her features suddenly relaxed. 她的表情一下子变得轻松了. * I'll only relax when I know you're safe. 我惟有知道你平安无事才能放心. * His face relaxed into a smile. 他解颜一笑. 2 [Tn] let (rules, regulations, etc) become less strict or rigid 使（制度、 规则等）变得不严或放宽: * We could relax the procedure slightly in your case. 我们可以根据你的情况通融一些. * Discipline is often relaxed at weekends. 一到周末纪律往往松弛下来. 3 [I, Tn no passive 不用於被动语态] (make sb) rest after work or effort; calm down （使某人）休息, 放松; 镇定: * A holiday will help you relax after your exams. 考试之後放个假有助於弛缓紧张情绪. * These pills will relax you and make you sleep. 这些药丸有镇静催眠作用. 4 [I, Tn] (cause effort, concentration, etc to) become less intense （使干劲、 注意力等）松懈, 涣散: * His attention never relaxes. 他总是精神十分集中. * You cannot afford to relax your vigilance for a moment. 警惕性是万万不可放松的. 派生： relaxation[7ri:lAk'seiFn; 7rilAks'eFEn] n 1 [U] relaxing or being relaxed 松弛; 放松; 休息; 松懈: * some relaxation of the rules 对规则的某些放宽. 2 [C, U] (thing done for) recreation or amusement 消遣; 娱乐: * Fishing is his favourite relaxation. 他最喜爱的消遣是钓鱼. relaxed adj not feeling or showing worry, anxiety, tenseness, etc 不烦恼的、 不焦急的、 不紧张的; 轻松的: look, feel, seem relaxed (about sth) （对某事物）看起来、 感到、 似乎很轻松 * a relaxed smile 轻松的微笑

relax1
* a relaxed style of teaching 使人感到轻松的教学方式. relaxing adj (derog 贬) (of climate) making people feel lacking in energy or sluggish; enervating （指气候）使人无精打采的; 使人懒洋洋的.

relay
[5ri:lei; 5rile] n 1 fresh set of people or animals taking the place of others who have finished a period of work 接班的人员或动物: * Rescuers worked in relays to save the trapped miners. 救援人员轮班工作以营救遇难的矿工. * A new relay of horses was harnessed to the cart.用作轮换的马都已套到了那辆马车上. Cf 参看 shift2 2.2 (also `relay race) race between teams in which each member runs, swims, etc part of the total distance, the second, etc member starting when the first, etc finishes （赛跑、 游泳等的）接力赛: * [attrib 作定语] a relay team, runner, etc 接力队、 赛跑运动员等. 3 (a) (radio 无) electronic device for receiving signals and transmitting them again with greater strength, thus increasing the distance over which they are carried 中继设备: * [attrib作定语] a relay station 中继站. (b) broadcast, programme or telegraph message sent out in this way 无线电转播; 转播的节目; 无线电中继通讯: * a relay from Radio Hamburg 汉堡广播电台的转播. 派生： relay[5ri:lei, ri5lei; 5rile, ri5le] v (pt, pp relayed) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from...) (to...) 1 receive and pass on (eg a message) 收到并传出（如信息）: * relay the colonel's orders to the troops 向部队传达上校的命令. 2 (Brit) broadcast (sth) by passing signals through a transmitting station 转播（某事）: * a concert relayed live from the Royal Albert Hall 从皇家艾伯特大厅实况转播的音乐会 * The pop festival was relayed all round the world. 流行音乐会的实况已向全世界转播.

release
[ri5li:s; ri5lis] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (from sth) (a) allow (a person or an animal) to go; set free or liberate sb/sth 放走（人或动物）; 释放或解放某人[某事物]: * release a prisoner, hostage, kidnap victim, etc (from captivity) 释放囚犯、 人质、 被罧持者等 * release a rat from a trap 把老鼠从夹子上放走 * release the horses into the paddock 把马放入围场 * She gently released herself from his arms/embrace. 她轻轻地从他的双臂[拥抱]中挣脱. * (law 律) The robber was released on bail. 该罧犯交保释金後获释. * (fig 比喻) Death released him from his sufferings. 死神解脱了他的痛苦. (b) (fig 比喻) free (sb) from an obligation 免除（某人）的义务或责任: * release sb from a promise, duty, undertaking, etc 不要某人履行诺言、 尽义务、 承担任务等 * release a monk from his vows 准许一僧人还俗. 2 (a) [Tn] remove (sth) from a fixed position; cause (sth) to move freely 将（某物）从固定位置上移走; 使（某事物）自由移动: * release the clutch, handbrake, eg of a lorry 松开离合器、 手闸（如卡车上的） * release a switch, catch, lever, etc 断开开关、 松开掣子、 放松手柄 * release the trigger, eg of a rifle 松开扳机（如步枪上的） * use oil to release a rusted lock 给生的锁加油使之松动. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] (used esp in the expressions shown 尤用於以下示例) let go (one's hold of sb/sth) 放弃（对某人[某事物]的掌握或控制）: * release one's grip (on sth) 松开手（不再抓紧某物） * release one's grasp (of sth) 松开手（不再抓住某物）. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) (fml 文) allow sth to fly, fall, etc 让某物飞走、 落下等: * release an arrow, bomb, etc 射箭、 投掷炸弹 * The bullet is released from the gun at very high speed. 子弹自枪膛中高速射出. 4 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sb/sth) (a) allow (news, etc) to be made known 发布（新闻等）: * The latest developments have just been released to the media. 最新的进展情况已向大众传播媒介发表.

release1
* The police have released no further details about the crime. 警方没有透露这一罪案进一步的详情. (b) make sth available to the public 向公众提供某事物: * release a film, book, record, etc 发行影片、 书、 唱片等 * The new model has now been released for sale (to export markets). 新型号的产品现已（向出口市场）出售. 5 [Tn] (law 律) give up (a right, title, property, etc) to sb else 将（权利、 头衔、 财产等）让与他人. 派生： release n 1 [U, C] ~ (from sth) releasing or being released 放走; 释放; 解脱; 免除; 放松; 投掷; 发表; 让与: an order for sb's release from prison/captivity释放某人出狱[解除某人监禁]的命令 * a feeling of release, ie of freedom 获得解脱的感觉 * (fig 比喻) Death is often a welcome release from pain. 死神往往是解除痛苦的救星. * the release of a film, record, book, newsflash 影片的发行、 唱片的发行、 书籍的发行、 简要新闻的发表 * The film is on general release, ie is being shown widely at local cinemas. 该影片发行面很广（当地影院普遍放映）. 2 [C] thing released (release 4b) 发行或发表的事物: the latest releases, ie records, films, etc 最新的发行物（唱片、 影片等） * a `press release, ie of news, etc for printing or broadcasting 新闻稿（供报道或广播）. 3 [C] handle, lever, catch, etc that releases part of a machine 松开机件用的把手、 手柄、 掣子等; 释放器; 脱扣器; 松脱器: the `carriage release, ie on a typewriter 滑架释放 （打字机的） * [attrib 作定语] a re`lease gear 释放装置 * the re`lease button, knob, etc 释放按钮、 旋钮等.

relegate
[5religeit; 5relE7get] v [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: * Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (to sth) 1 dismiss sb/sth to a lower or less important rank, task or state 使某人[某事物]降级、 降职或降低地位: * I have been relegated to the role of a mere assistant. 已经把我降到只任助手的工作了. * relegate old files to the storeroom 把旧文件存入储藏室. 2 (esp Brit) transfer (a sports team) to a lower division 将（运动队）降至较低等级: * Will Spurs be relegated to the third division? 斯珀尔斯队会降为丙级队吗? > relegation[7reli'geiFn; 7relE'geFEn] n [U]: * teams threatened with relegation 有降级危险的队.

relent
[ri5lent; ri5lent] v [I] 1 decide to be less strict, determined or harsh 决定采取较为温和、 缓和或宽容的态度和做法: * Afterwards she relented and let the children stay up late to watch TV. 後来她宽容了些, 让孩子们晚睡看电视. * The police will not relent in their fight against crime. 警方在跟犯罪分子的斗争中决不手软. 2 (of the speed or rate of doing sth, etc) become less intense （指做某事等的速度或进度）减弱, 缓和: * The pressure on us to finish this task will not relent. 我们为完成此项任务受到的压力不会减轻. 3 (of bad weather) improve （指坏天气）变好: * The rain relented just long enough for me to go shopping. 雨小了一阵, 刚好够我去买东西的时间. 派生： relentless adj 1 not relenting; strict or harsh 不留 情的; 严格的; 苛刻的: be relentless in punishing offenders 惩处犯罪者不手软. 2 not ceasing; constant 不停的; 不间断的: driven by a relentless urge, ambition, quest, etc for power 为得到权力一直受到欲望、 野心、 追求等所驱使 * relentless pursuit, questioning, criticism 不断的探索、 询问、 批评 * the relentless pressure of her life as a politician 她身为政治家一生不断受到的压力. relentlessly adv. relentlessness n [U].

relevant
[5relEvEnt; 5relEvEnt] adj ~ (to sth/sb)connected with what is being discussed, what is happening,what is being done, etc 有关的; 切题的: * a highly relevant argument, point, suggestion, etc 密切相关的论据、 论点、 建议等 * have all the relevant documents ready 已把一切有关文件准备妥当 * supply the facts (directly) relevant to the case 提供与该案（直接）有关的事实 * Colour and sex are hardly relevant when appointing somebody to a job. 肤色和性别对於任命某人担任某职来说是没有什麽关系的. > relevance[-Ens; -Ens] (also relevancy[-EnsI; -EnsI/) n [U]: * have/bear some relevance to the matter in hand 与要做的事情有一些关系.

reliable
[ri5laiEbl; ri5laiEbl] adj consistently good inquality or performance, and so deserving trust; dependable可信赖的; 可靠的: * a reliable assistant, witness, report, watch, battery, firm 可靠的助手、 可信的证人、 合乎事实的报道、 走得准的手表、 耐用的电池、 有信用的公司 * be a reliable source of information (about sth) 成为（某事物的）可靠信息来源 * My memory's not very reliable these days. 近来我的记性不太好. 派生： reliability/ri7laiE'bilEti; ri7laiE'bilEti] n [U] state or quality of being reliable 可靠（性）; 可信（性）. reliably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv: * I am reliably informed that he's about to resign. 我获得可靠消息说他就要辞职了.

reliance
[ri5laiEns; ri5laiEns] n [U] ~ on sb/sth confidence or trust in sb/sth; dependence on sb/sth （对某人[某事物]的）信任, 信赖, 信心: * Don't place too much reliance on his advice. 别太相信他的意见. * his total, absolute, complete reliance on his colleagues 他对同事毫无保留的、 绝对的、 完全的信任. 派生： reliant[-Ent; -Ent] adj ~ on sb/sth [pred 作表语] having reliance on sb/sth; dependent on sb/sth 对某人[某事物]有信心; 信任或依赖某人[某事物]: * He's heavily reliant on bank loans. 他离不开银行贷款. Cf 参看 self-reliant.

relic
[5relik; 5relik] n 1 [C] trace or feature surviving from a past age and serving to remind people of it 遗物; 遗迹; 遗风; 遗俗: * relics of ancient civilizations, rituals, beliefs 古代文明、 礼仪、 信仰的遗迹. 2 [C] part of the body, clothes, belongings, etc of a holy person kept after his death as sth to be deeply respected 圣者遗物（圣者的部分遗骸、 衣物、 所有物等供人崇奉者）. =>Usage at rest3 用法见rest3. 3 relics [pl] (parts of a) dead body surviving destruction or decay; remnants 遗骸（的部分）; 残存部分.

relief
1[ri5li:f; ri5lif] n 1 [U, sing] ~ (from sth) lessening or removing of pain, distress, anxiety, etc （痛苦、 困苦、 忧虑等的）减轻或解除: * bring, seek, find, give, feel relief 带来、 寻求、 得到、 予以、 感到解脱 * doctors working for the relief of suffering, hardship, etc 为解除病痛、 痛苦等而工作的医生 * The drug gives some relief from pain. 这种药可以减轻一些痛苦. * I breathed/heaved a sigh of relief when I heard he was safe. 我听到他平安的消息时才松了一口气. * To my great relief/Much to my relief, I wasn't late. 我最庆幸的是没有迟到. * It's a great relief to find you here. 见到你在这儿也就放心了. * `What a relief!’ she said, as she took her tight shoes off. 她把夹脚的鞋脱下时说: * ‘可松快了!’ 2 [U] that which brings relief(1); assistance given to people in need or to a disaster area 减轻或解除痛苦等的事物; 向需要帮助者或灾区提供的援助: * send relief (eg food, tents, money, etc) to those made homeless by floods 给水灾中无家可归的人发送救援物资（如食品、 帐篷、 金钱等） * provide relief for refugees 赈济难民 * go/come to the relief of earthquake victims 救济地震灾民 * committees for famine relief 荒赈灾委员会 * [attrib 作定语] re`lief funds, projects, supplies 救济金、 赈灾计画、 救济品. 3 [U] ~ (from sth) thing that reduces tension, relieves monotony or brings pleasing variety 缓和紧张、 克服单调或带来可喜的变化的事物: * His jokes provided some comic relief in what was really a dull speech. 他说的笑话给极沉闷的讲话增加几分轻松气氛. * Two comedians followed (eg in a variety show) by way of light relief. 两名喜剧演员接着上场使观众轻松一下（如杂耍演出中）. 4 [C] (a) person taking over or following after another's turn of duty 换班人; 接替人; 轮班人: * stand in as Peter's relief 准备接替彼得 * [attrib 作定语] a re`lief driver, crew, etc 轮换的驾驶员、 乘务组人员等.

relief1
(b) bus, train, etc supplementing a regular service （正常运营之外）增开的公共汽车、 火车等; 加班车: * The coach was full so a relief was put on. 长途汽车已满员, 所以增开了一辆. * [attrib 作定语] a re`lief bus, service, etc 增加的公共汽车、 运营服务等. 5 [sing] ~ (of sth) ending or raising of the siege (of a town, fort, etc) （城镇、 要塞等的）解围: * the relief of Mafeking 马弗京城的解围. 复合： re`lief road bypass or other road that vehicles can use to avoid an area of heavy traffic （为免交通阻塞使用的）备用车道, 旁道.

relieve
[ri5li:v; ri5liv] v [Tn] 1 lessen or remove (pain, distress, anxiety, etc) 减轻或解除（痛苦、 困苦、 忧虑等）: * relieve suffering, hardship, etc among refugees 解除难民的痛苦、 苦难等 * This drug will relieve your discomfort. 这种药可减轻你的病痛. 2 ~ oneself (euph 婉) empty one's bladder or bowels 解小便或大便. 3 provide aid or assistance for (people in need, a disaster area, etc) 给（需要帮助者、 灾区等）提供帮助或救援: * relieve famine in Africa 救济非洲的 荒灾区 * The bypass relieves traffic jams in our city centre. 这条旁道缓解了我们城市中心的交通阻塞情况. 4 introduce variety into (sth) 调剂（某事物）: * relieve the tedium/boredom/monotony of waiting 调剂等候时的乏味[无聊/单调] * Not a single tree relieved the flatness of the plain. 平原上单调得毫无变化, 连一棵树都没有. 5 release (sb) from a duty or task by taking his place (or finding sb else to do so) 接替（某人）工作; 将（某人）从岗位上轮换下来: * relieve the guard/the watch 给卫兵[警卫]换岗 * relieve a sentry, workmate, driver 接替一哨兵、 同事、 司机 * I'm to be relieved at six. 六点钟有人来换我的班. 6 end or raise the siege of (a town, fort, etc) 给（某城市、 要塞等）解围. 7 (idm 习语) relieve one's `feelings make one's emotions easier to bear by weeping, shouting, behaving violently, etc 发泄感情（如藉哭、 叫、 粗暴行为等）. 8 (phr v) relieve sb of sth (a) (fml 文) take (a burden, responsibility, etc) away from sb 解除某人的（负担、 责任等）: * relieve Mr Brett of his post as manager 解除布雷特先生的经理职务 * The general was relieved of his command. 这位将军的指挥权被解除了. (b) (joc 谑) carry, take charge, etc of sb's personal effects 替某人拿、 照管...私人财物: * Let me relieve you of your coat and hat. 让我替你拿外衣和帽子吧. (c) (infml joc 口, 谑) rob sb of sth 抢罧或盗取某人的某物:

relieve1
* The thief relieved him of his wallet. 那小偷把他的钱包偷走了. 派生： relieved adj feeling or showing relief(1) （感到或显出）宽慰的, 放心的: a relieved smile, look, expression, etc 宽慰的笑容、 样子、 表情等 * We were/felt relieved to hear you were safe. 我们听说你平安无恙而如释重负.

religion
[ri5lidVEn; ri5lidVEn] n 1 [U] belief in the existence of a god or gods, who has/have created the universe and given man a spiritual nature which continues to exist after the death of the body 宗教信仰. 2 [C] particular system of faith and worship based on such a belief 宗教: the Christian, Buddhist and Hindu religions 基督教、 佛教和印度教 * practise one's religion 用自己的宗教信仰指导行动. 3 [sing] (fig 比喻) controlling influence on one's life; sth one is devoted or committed to 支配自己生活的大事; 一心追求的或务必做到的事情: Football is like a religion for Bill. 对比尔来说, 足球就是他天大的乐趣. * make a religion of always being punctual 把遵守时间奉为圭臬.

religious
[ri5lidVEs; ri5lidVEs] adj 1 [attrib 作定语] of religion 宗教的; 宗教上的: * religious worship, belief, faith 宗教礼拜、 信仰 * a religious service 宗教仪式. 2 (of a person) believing in and practising a religion; devout （指人）笃信宗教的, 虔诚的. 3 [attrib 作定语] of a monastic order 苦修会的: * a religious house, ie a monastery or convent 苦修院. 4 (fig 比喻) scrupulous or conscientious 审慎的; 认真的: * pay religious attention to detail 对细节一丝不苟 * be religious in one's observance of protocol 十分讲究礼节. 派生： religiously adv 1 in a religious(2) way 虔诚地. 2 (fig 比喻) scrupulously or conscientiously; regularly 审慎地; 认真地; 有规律地: I followed the instructions religiously. 我认真地按指示办事. * She phones him religiously every day. 她每天照例给他打电话. religiousness n [U].

relinquish
[ri5liNkwiF; ri5liNkwiF] v (fml 文) 1 [Tn] give up or cease to practise, feel, etc (sth); abandon 不再采取（某行动）; 不再有（某种感觉）; 放弃: * relinquish the struggle for power 放弃追求权力的斗争 * relinquish bad habits 戒除坏习惯 * He had relinquished all hope that she was alive. 他已经放弃了她还活着的一切希望. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) give up or renounce (a claim, etc); surrender sth 放弃（要求等）; 让出某事物: * relinquish a right, privilege 放弃权利、 特权 * She relinquished possession of the house to her sister. 她把房子的所有权让给了她的妹妹. * relinquish a post to one's successor 把职位让给接替自己的人. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] (used esp in the expressions shown 尤用於以下示例) cease to hold (sb/sth); release 松手放开（某人[某物]）; 放松: * relinquish one's grip (on sb/sth) 松手放开（某人[某物]） * relinquish one's hold (on sb/sth) 松手放开（某人[某物]）.

reliquary
[5relikwEri; - -kweri; 5relE7kweri] n containerfor a relic or relics of a holy person 盛放圣者遗骨或遗物的容器; 圣骨箱; 圣物箱.

relish
[5reliF; 5reliF] n 1 [U] ~ (for sth) great enjoyment of food, etc; zest （美食等的）享受; 滋味; 美味; 乐趣: * eat, drink with (great) relish 津津有味地吃、 喝 * She savoured the joke with relish. 她对这个笑话很感兴趣. 2 [U] (used esp in negative sentences 尤用於否定句中) attractive quality; appeal 兴趣; 吸引力; 感染力: * Tennis loses its relish when one gets old. 人老了就觉得打网球没意思了. * Routine office jobs have no relish at all for me. 我对坐办公室那种刻板的工作毫无兴趣. 3 [C, U] spicy or strongly-flavoured appetizer served with plain food （有香料或辛辣调料的）开胃小菜, 调味品（加於淡味食物上）: * cucumber, sweetcorn, etc relish, ie for hamburgers, etc 黄瓜、 甜玉米等调味品（汉堡包等中的）. Cf 参看 pickle 1, sauce 1. 派生： relish v [Tn, Tg, Tsg] enjoy or get pleasure out of (sth) 享受（某事物）; 从（某事物）中获得乐趣: relish a meal, drink, joke 津津有味地吃饭、 喝饮料、 听笑话 * I don't relish having to get up so early. 我可不乐意这麽早就起床.

relive
[7ri:'liv; ri5liv] v [Tn] go through (an experience, a period of time, etc) again, esp in one's imagination 再体验（某种经历）, 再经历（某时期）（尤指在想像中）: * relive the horrors of war 再体验战争的恐怖 * I relived that fateful day over and over in my mind. 我在思想上不断地重温着那决定不幸命运的日子.

relocate
[7ri:lEu'keit; - 7ri:'lEukeit; ri5loket] v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sb/sth) (from...) (to...) move (sb/sth) to, or build (sth) in, another place 将（某人[某物]）迁往别处; （在新地方）重建（某物）: * We're relocating just south of Newcastle. 我们将迁往纽卡斯尔南部. * The company is to relocate its headquarters in theMidlands. 公司将把总部迁往英格兰中部. > relocation/ 9ri:lEU5keIFn; 9rilo`keFEn/ n [U]: * the relocation of industry 工业区的迁移 * [attrib 作定语] relocation allowances, expenses, eg for those taking up a new job in a different area 搬迁津贴、 搬迁费（如发给调往新地方工作之人员的）.

reluctant
[ri5lQktEnt; ri5lQktEnt] adj ~ (to do sth) unwilling and therefore slow to co-operate, agree, etc 不情愿的; 勉强的: * a reluctant helper, recruit, admirer 勉强来帮忙的人、 勉强入伍的新兵、 勉强说好话的人 * She was very reluctant to admit the truth. 她很不情愿地承认了这事实. > reluctance[-Ens; -Ens] n [U]: * She made a great show of reluctance, but finally accepted our offer. 她对我们的建议做出极不满意的样子, 但最後还是接受了. * He left us with (some) reluctance. 他（有些）依依不舍地离开了我们. reluctantly adv: * After much thought, we reluctantly agreed. 我们考虑再叁之後, 勉强同意了.

rely
[ri5lai; ri5lai] v (pt, pp relied) [Ipr] ~ on/upon sb/sth (to do sth) 1 count or depend on sb/sth 指望或依赖某人[某事物]: * Nowadays we rely increasingly on computers for help/to help us. 现今人们越来越依赖计算机协助工作. * I relied on you(r) coming early. 我指望你早来. * You can rely upon it that it will rain this weekend. 你放心好了, 本周末一定下雨. * She cannot be relied on to tell the truth. 别指望她能说真话. 2 have trust or confidence in sb/sth 信任或信赖某人[某事物]: * You can rely on me to keep your secret. 你尽管相信我一定为你保密.

remain
[ri5mein; ri5men] v (usu not used in the continuous tenses 通常不用於进行时态) 1 [I] be left or still present after other parts have been removed or used or dealt with 剩下; 剩馀; 遗留: * After the fire, very little remained of my house. 火灾过後, 寒舍所剩无几. * If you take 3 from 8, 5 remains. 8减3剩5. * The fact remains that she was lying. 事实表明她说的是假话. * leave the remaining points for our next meeting 馀下的各点留待下次会议再议. 2 [It] (fml 文) be left to be seen, done, said, etc 留待以後去看、 去做、 去说等: * It remains to be seen (ie We shall know later) whether you are right. 你是否正确, 以後可见分晓. * Much remains to be done. 要做的事情还很多. * Nothing remains except for me to say goodbye. 最後我该说一声再见了. 3 [I, Ipr, Ip] (esp fml 尤作庄重语) stay in the same place; stay behind 停留; 逗留; 留下: * I remain in London until May. 我在伦敦一直呆到五月. * The aircraft remained on the ground. 那飞机仍停在地面. * She left, but I remained (behind). 她走了, 我没走. 4 [La, Ln] continue to be; stay in the same condition 仍然是; 保持不变: * remain standing, seated, etc 一直站着、 坐着等 * He remained silent. 他保持沉默. * Let things remain as they are. 一切保持现状吧. * In spite of their quarrel, they remained the best of friends. 他们尽管吵过架, 却仍不失为最好的朋友.

remainder
[ri5meindE(r); ri5mendl] n 1 (usu 通常作 the remainder) [Gp] remaining people, things or time; the rest 剩下的人、 事物或时间; 剩馀部分: * Ten people came but the remainder stayed away. 来了十个人, 其馀的没来. * We spent the remainder of the day sightseeing. 这天剩下的时间我们到各处观光. 2 [C usu sing 通常作单数] (mathematics 数) quantity left after subtraction or division 差数; 馀数: * Divide 2 into 7, and the answer is 3, (with) remainder 1. 2除7, 商3馀1. =>Usage at rest3 用法见rest3. 3 [C] number of copies of a book left unsold after demand has almost ceased （某书因滞销而积压的）全部剩馀册数: * [attrib 作定语] a remainder merchant 买卖剩馀图书的书商. 派生： remainder v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] sell (unsold copies of a book) at a reduced price 削价出售（滞销的某书）.

remake
[7ri:'meik; ri5mek] v (pt, pp remade[-meid;-'med] ) make (esp a film) again or differently 重新制作（尤指影片）; 改造; 重做. 派生： remake[5ri:meik; 5ri7mek] n thing remade 重制之物; 改制品: * produce a remake of the 1932 original 重新摄制1932年原拍的影片.

remand
[ri5ma:nd; - -'mAnd; ri5mAnd] v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] send (an accused person) back (from a lawcourt) into custody, esp while further evidence is being gathered 将（被告）还押（尤指为进一步搜集证据时）: * The accused was remanded in custody for a week. 被告还押候审一星期. 派生： remand n [U] 1 remanding or being remanded 还押; 押候: [attrib 作定语] a remand prisoner 还押候审的犯人. 2 (idm 习语) on remand in a state of being remanded 还押中: prisoners on remand 还押中的犯人 * detention on remand 还押监禁. 复合： re`mand centre, re`mand home (Brit) place where young offenders are sent temporarily 青少年拘留所.

remark
[ri5ma:k; ri5mark] v 1 [Ipr, Tn, Tf] ~ on/upon sth/sb say or write (sth) by way of comment; observe 谈论或评论（某事物）; 评述: * I couldn't help remarking on her youth. 我脱口而出说她那麽年轻. * The similarity between them has often been remarked on. 他们之间很相似, 这是常有人提到的事. * `I thought it was odd,’ he remarked. ‘我觉得很奇怪,’他说. * Critics remarked that the play was not original. 评论家指出该剧缺乏创意. 2 [Tn] (dated or fml 旧或文) take notice of (sth/sb); perceive 注意到（某事物[某人]）; 察觉: * remark the likeness between father and son 注意到父子之间的相似之处. 派生： remark n 1 [C] thing said or written as a comment; observation 评论; 评述; 注意; 察觉: pointed, cutting (ie sarcastic) remarks 直言不讳的、 尖刻的评论 * make a few remarks about sb/on a subject 讲几句有关某人[某问题]的话 * In the light of (ie Considering) your remarks, we rejected her offer. 鉴於你的评语, 我们拒绝了她的提议. 2 [U] (dated or fml 旧或文) notice 注意: Nothing worthy of remark happened. 没有发生值得注意的事. remarkable[-Ebl; -Ebl] adj ~ (for sth) worth noticing or unusual; exceptional 值得注意的; 不寻常的; 独特的: * a remarkable person, feat, event, book 出类拔萃的人、 非凡的业绩、 引人瞩目的事件、 特别好的书 * a boy who is remarkable for his stupidity 笨得出奇的男孩. remarkably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv.

remarry
[7ri:'mAri; ri5mAri] v (pt, pp -ried) (a) [I] marry sb different 再婚: * The widower did not remarry. 那鳏夫未曾再娶. (b) [Tn] marry (sb) again 与（某人）复婚: * She remarried her former husband ten years after their divorce. 她与原来的丈夫离婚十年後又复婚了. > remarriage[7ri:'mAridV; ri5mAridV] n.

remedy
[5remEdi; 5remEdi] n ~ (for sth) 1 [C] (fml 文) treatment, medicine, etc that cures or relieves a disease or pain 除或减轻病痛的治疗（法）、 药物等: * a popular remedy for flu, toothache, cramp 流感、 牙痛、 痉挛的常用疗法 * I often use herbal remedies. 我常用草药治病. * The remedy seems worse than the disease. 这种疗法比疾病本身更让人难受. 2 [C, U] (fig 比喻) means of countering or removing sth undesirable 纠正、 矫正或消除某不良事物之方法: * seek a remedy for injustice 寻求纠正不公之办法 * He found a remedy for his grief in constant hard work. 他找到了排忧解愁的方法, 就是一刻不停地努力工作. * The mistake is beyond/past remedy, ie cannot be put right. 这个错误是无法补救的. 派生： remedial/ri5mi:diEl; ri5midiEl] adj [attrib 作定语] 1 providing, or intended to provide, a remedy or cure治疗的; 纠正的; 矫正的; 补救的: * undergo remedial treatment/therapy, eg for backache 接受缓解治疗[疗法]（如治疗背痛） * take remedial measures against unemployment 采取对付失业现象的补救措施. 2 (of education) for slow learners or pupils suffering from disadvantages （指教育）（为後进学生提供）辅导的, 补习的: * remedial classes, lessons, groups, etc 补习班、 课、 小组等 * a remedial French course/a course in remedial French 法语补习课程. remediable/ri5mi:diEbl; ri5midiEbl] adj that can be remedied 可治疗的; 可纠正的; 可矫正的; 可补救的. remedy v (pt, pp -died) [Tn] provide a remedy for (sth undesirable); rectify 治理（不良事物）; 纠正; 补救: remedy injustices, mistakes, losses, deficiencies 消除不公、 纠正错误、 弥补损失、 克服缺点 * The situation could not be remedied, ie saved. 情况已无可挽救.

remember
[ri5membE(r); ri5membl] v (not usu used in the continuous tenses 通常不用於进行时态) 1 [I, Tn, Tf, Tw, Tt, Tg, Tsg, Cn.n/a] have or keep (sth) in the memory; recall to one's memory 记着或记住（某事物）; 回想起: * If I remember rightly the party starts at 8 pm. 我记得聚会是在下午8点开始. * Have you met my brother? Not as far as I remember. 你见过我弟弟吗? 我不记得见过他. * I can't/don't remember his name. 我想不起他的名字了. * Robert's contribution should also be remembered. 罗伯特的贡献同样应该久志不忘. * Remember (that) we're going out tonight. 别忘了我们今晚出去. * Do you remember where you put the key? 你记得你把钥匙放在什麽地方了吗? * Remember (ie Don't forget) to lock the door. 别忘了锁门. * I remember posting the letters, ie I have the memory of doing so in my mind. 我记着得寄信. * I remember his objecting to the scheme. 我记得他曾经反对该计画. * I remember her (ie picture her in my mind) as a slim young girl. 我想起她那时还是个苗条的少女. 2 [Tn] give money, etc to (sb/sth) 给（某人[某事物]）钱等: * Please remember (ie Don't forget to tip) the waiter. 别忘了给服务员小费. * remember sb in one's will 在遗嘱中给某人遗赠 * Auntie Jill always remembers my birthday, eg with a card or present. 吉尔姨在我的生日总送给我礼物. 3 [Tn] ~ oneself (fml 文) stop behaving badly 约束自己的言行: * Bill, remember yourself! Don't swear in front of the children. 比尔, 注意检点! 别在孩子们面前骂人. 4 [Tn] mention or commemorate (sb), esp in one's prayers 提及或纪念（某人）（尤指在祈祷中）: * remember the sick, the old and the needy 为病人、 老人、 穷人祈祷 * a church service to remember the war dead 为纪念战争中的死难者而举行的宗教仪式. 5 (phr v) remember sb to sb pass greetings from one person to another 代某人向他人问候: * Please remember me to Jenny. 请代我问候珍妮.

remember1
* He asked me to remember him to you. 他要我代他向你问好.

remembrance
[ri5membrEns; ri5membrEns] n (fml 文) 1 [U] remembering or being remembered; memory 记忆; 回忆; 记性: * have no remembrance of sth 不记得某事物 * a service in remembrance of those killed in the war 纪念战争中死难者的仪式. 2 [C] thing given or kept in memory of sb/sth; memento 纪念物; 纪念品: * He sent us a small remembrance of his visit. 他送给我们一件他观光的小纪念品. 复合： Re`membrance Sunday (Brit) (nearest Sunday to) 11 November, on which those killed in the wars of 1914-18 and 1939-45 are commemorated 阵亡将士纪念日（纪念在1914-1918和1939-1945两次大战中的死难者, 时间在11月11日或最临近该日的星期日）. Cf 参看 Armistice Day (armistice).

remind
[ri5maind; ri5maind] v 1 [Tn, Dn.f, Dn.w, Dn.t] inform (sb) of a fact or tell (sb) to do sth he may have forgotten 提醒（某人）注意某事或做某事: * Do I have to remind you yet again? 还需要我再次提醒你吗? * That (eg What you've just said, done, etc) reminds me. I must feed the cat. 对了, 我该喂猫了（如你刚说的话、 刚做的事等提醒了我）. * Travellers are reminded that malaria tablets are advisable. 旅客须知要服用预防疟疾药. * I reminded her how much the fare was. 我提醒她车票的价钱. * Remind me to answer that letter. 提醒我回覆那封信. 2 [Tn.pr] ~ sb of sb/sth cause sb to remember or be newly aware of sb/sth 使某人回想起或意识到某人[某事物]: * He reminds me of his brother. 我见到他便回想起了他的哥哥. * This song reminds me of France. 我一听到这首歌就想起了法国. 派生： reminder n 1 thing which reminds sb of a fact or person 使某人回想起某事或某人的事物; 帮助记忆或起提醒作用的东西: The statue is a lasting reminder of Churchill's greatness. 这尊塑像使人永远缅怀邱吉尔的伟大功绩. 2 way of reminding sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事的方式; 提示: send, give sb a gentle reminder, eg to pay a bill 婉言提醒某人（如付帐） * The waiters were clearing the tables, which served as a reminder that it was time to leave. 服务员在收拾桌子, 提醒顾客该走了.

reminisce
[7remi'nis; 7remE'nis] v [I, Ipr] ~ (about sth/sb) think or talk about past events and experiences, usu with enjoyment 缅怀过去或叙谈往事（通常为愉快地）; 回忆; 话旧.

reminiscence
[7remi'nisns; 7remE'nisns] n 1 [U] recalling of past events and experiences; reminiscing 回忆; 话旧; 怀旧. 2 reminiscences [pl] spoken or written account of one's remembered experiences 经验谈; 回忆录: * reminiscences of my youth 我青年时代的回忆.

reminiscent
[7remi'nisnt; 7remE'nisnt] adj 1 [pred 作表语] ~ of sb/sth reminding one of or suggesting sb/sth 使人回想或联想起某人[某事物]: * His style is reminiscent of Picasso's. 他的艺术风格很像毕加索的. 2 having a tendency to reminisce 怀旧的; 好缅怀往事的:in a reminiscent mood 以怀旧的心情. > reminiscentlyadv.

remiss
[ri5mis; ri5mis] adj [pred 作表语] ~ (in sth) (fml 文) careless of one's duty; lax 玩忽职守; 松懈; 马虎: * You have been very remiss in fulfilling your obligations. 你一向太不负责了. * It was remiss of her to forget to pay the bill. 她忘了付帐, 真粗心大意. > remissly adv: * act very remissly 做得极马虎. remissness n [U].

remission
[ri5miFn; ri5miFEn] n 1 [U] pardoning or forgiveness of sins by God （上帝对罪恶的）宽恕, 赦免. 2 [U, C] (a) shortening of a prison sentence because of good behaviour （囚犯因表现良好而获得的）刑期减免, 减刑: * get (a) remission of six months/six months' remission 获减刑六个月. (b) freeing from a debt, payment, penalty, etc; exemption （债务、 费用、 处分等的）免除, 豁免: * gain remission from tax payments 获准免税 * remission of exam fees 考试费的免除. 3 [U] lessening or weakening (of pain, disease, etc) （病痛等的）缓解, 减轻: * slight remission of a fever 体温的稍退.

remit
[ri5mit; ri5mit] v (-tt-) (fml 文) 1 [Tn esppassive 尤用於被动语态] (a) refrain from inflicting (a punishment, etc) 赦免（惩罚等）; 宽恕: * His prison sentence has been remitted. 他的监禁刑罚已获得赦免. (b) cancel (a debt, payment, penalty, etc) 取消（债务、 费用、 处罚等）: * The taxes have been remitted. 税款已免除. * Your fees cannot be remitted. 你的费用不能免除. 2 [Tn] make (sth) less intense; relax 使（某事物）缓和; 放松: * We must not remit our efforts. 我们不可松劲. 3 [Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) send (money, etc) to a person or place, esp by post 汇（款等）: * Remit a fee, cheque, payment, etc 汇寄费用、 支票、 款项等 * Kindly remit us the balance without delay. 请立即将馀额寄来. * Remit the interest to her new address. 将利息寄到她的新地址. 4 [Tn.pr] ~ sth to sb (law 律) send (a matter to be decided) to an authority 将（待决事项）提交当局处理: * The case has been remitted from the appeal court to a lesser tribunal. 此案已由上诉法庭转给下级法庭处理. 派生： remittance[-ns; -ns] n 1 [U] remitting of money 汇款. 2 [C] sum of money remitted 所汇的款项: * return the completed form with your remittance 把填写好的表格连同汇款一并寄回.

remittent
[ri5mitnt; ri5mitnt] adj (of a fever or disease) becoming less severe at intervals （指发烧或疾病）弛张的, 忽轻忽重的.

remnant
[5remnEnt; 5remnEnt] n 1 (often pl 常作复数) (a) small remaining quantity or part or number of things or people （事物或人）剩馀的小部分, 馀下的数量: * remnants of a meal 残羹剩饭 * the remnants of a shattered army 被击溃的军队的残馀部分. (b) (fig 比喻) surviving trace of sth 遗留的痕迹: * remnants of one's former glory 自己过去的光荣见证. =>Usage at rest3 用法见rest3. 2 small piece of cloth or carpet left over from a roll and sold at a reduced price （减价出售的布料或地毯织料的）零头: * [attrib 作定语] a remnant sale 布头的减价出售.

remold
(US) =>retread.

remonstrance
[ri5mCnstrEns; ri5manstrEns] n [U] (fml 文) remonstrating; protest 抗议; 抱怨; 反对.

remonstrate
[5remEnstreit; - ri5mCnstreit; ri5manstret] v [Ipr] ~ with sb; ~ against sth (fml 文) make a protest or complaint about sb/sth 对某人[某事物]提出抗议; 抱怨: * I remonstrated with him about his rudeness. 他粗暴无礼, 我给他提了意见. * remonstrate against cruelty to children 反对虐待儿童.

remorse
[ri5mC:s; ri5mCrs] n [U] 1 ~ (for sth) sense of deep and bitter regret for having done sth wrong 悔恨; 懊悔; 自责: * He was filled with remorse for having refused to visit his dying father. 他因不肯去看他垂死的父亲而深怀内疚. * In a fit of remorse she burnt all her lover's letters. 她在一阵悔恨之中把情人的信都烧了. * The prisoner shows no remorse for his crimes. 那囚犯对其罪行毫无悔改之意. 2 mercy or pity; compunction 慈悲; 怜惜 (used esp with the prep shown 尤与以下示例中之介词连用): * The captives were shot without remorse. 这些俘虏惨遭枪杀. 派生： remorseful[-fl; -fEl] adj filled with remorse(1)悔恨的; 懊悔的; 自责的: * a remorseful confession, mood 痛悔的自白、 心情. remorsefully[-fEli; -fEli] adv. remorsefulness n [U]. remorseless adj 1 without mercy or pity 无慈悲心的; 无同情心的: remorseless cruelty 残酷无情的虐待. 2 that does not slacken; relentless 不放松的; 持续的: a remorseless urge, ambition, etc 永无休止的欲望、 野心等. remorselessly adv: The police pursued the criminal remorselessly. 警方追捕那罪犯毫不松劲. * Drugs drove him remorselessly to an early death. 毒品毫不留情, 过早地夺去了他的生命.

remote
[ri5mEut; ri5mot] adj (-r, -st) 1 (a) ~ (from sth) far away from other communities, houses, etc; isolated （与其他社区、 房子等）远离的, 遥远的, 隔离的: * a remote region, village, farmhouse, etc 偏僻的地区、 村子、 农舍等 * in the remotest (ie most distant) parts of Asia 在亚洲的最偏远的地方 * in a house remote from any town or village 在远离任何城镇或村庄的房子里. (b) [attrib 作定语] far away in time （时间上）遥远的, 久远的: * in the remote past/future 在遥远的过去[未来]. (c) [attrib 作定语] distant in relationship or kinship （亲属关系）远的: * a remote ancestor of mine 我的远祖. (d) ~ (from sth) separate (in feeling, interest, etc); not connected (with sth) （感情、 关注的事等方面）距离很大的; （与某事物）无关的: * Your comments are rather remote from the subject we are discussing. 你的评论跟我们正谈的问题关系不大. * remote causes, effects, etc 不相干的原因、 後果等. 2 (of a person or his manner) cold and unfriendly; aloof （指人或态度）冷淡的, 疏远的, 漠不关心的. 3 small; slight 微小的; 轻微的: * a remote possibility/chance 微乎其微的可能性[机会] * I haven't the remotest idea who did it. 是谁做的我一点都不知道. * The connection between the two events is remote. 这两件事之间没有什麽联系. 派生： remotely adv (usu in negative sentences 通常用於否定句中) to a very small or slight degree （程度）极微地, 极轻地: It isn't remotely possible that you will be chosen to go. 挑选你去的可能性并非很小. * The essay isn't even remotely relevant to the topic. 这篇文章毫不切题. remoteness n [U]. 复合： re,mote con`trol control of an apparatus, eg a model aircraft, car, etc, from a distance, usu by radio or electrical signals 遥控: The bomb was exploded by remote control. 这颗炸弹是遥控引爆的. * [attrib 作定语] a remote con`trol panel, eg for switching channels on a TV set 遥控器（如电视机转换频道用的）.

remould
=>retread.

remount
[7ri:'maunt; ri5maunt] v 1 [I, Tn no passive 不用於被动语态] get on (a horse, bicycle, etc) again 重新骑上（马、 自行车等）. 2 [Tn no passive 不用於被动语态] go up (a ladder, hill, etc) again 再次登（梯、 山等）. 3 [Tn] put (a picture, photograph, etc) on a new mount 重新装裱（画片、 照片等）. 派生： remount[5ri:maunt; 5ri7maunt] n fresh horse for a rider 为骑马者新配备的马.

remove
1[ri5mu:v; ri5muv] v 1 (esp fml 尤作庄重语) (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth/sb (from sth) take sth/sb away from one place to another 将某物[某人]移到别处; 移开: * remove the dishes (from the table) （从餐桌上）撤去碗碟 * remove one's hand from sb's shoulder 把放在某人肩上的手移开 * The statue was removed to another site. 塑像已挪到另一地方. * They were removed from the English class, eg to have special lessons. 他们已从英语班转走（如上专设课）. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from sth) dismiss sb from a post, etc 免去某人的职务等: * remove a diplomat from office 免除一外交官的职务 * He was removed from his position as chairman. 他被撤去主席的职务. (c) [Tn] take off (clothing, etc) from the body 脱下（衣服等）: * remove one's hat, coat, gloves, etc 摘下帽子、 脱掉大衣、 摘下手套 * remove the bandages/plaster from sb's arm 解掉某人手臂上的 带[揭掉某人臂膀上的橡皮膏]. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) (a) get rid of sth by cleaning 去掉或清除某物: * remove graffiti from the subway walls 除去人行隧道墙上乱涂乱画的痕迹 * Washo removes stains! Washo一到, 污迹全掉! * She removed her make-up with a tissue. 她用纸巾擦掉脂粉. (b) cause sth to disappear; eliminate sth 使某物消失; 消除某物: * remove superfluous hair 剪去多馀的毛发 * (fig 比喻) remove problems, difficulties, objections, etc 解决问题、 克服困难、 消除反对意见 * remove doubts, fears, etc from sb's mind 消除某人的疑虑、 恐惧等 * The threat of redundancy was suddenly removed. 裁员的危险顿时消除了. 3 [Ipr] ~ (from sth) (fml 文) go to live or work in another place; move 移居; 迁移: * We are removing from London to the country. 我们正从伦敦迁往乡下. * Our suppliers have removed to Bath. 我们的供应厂商已迁往巴斯. 4 (idm 习语) once, twice, etc removed (of cousins) belonging to a different generation （指堂、 表亲戚）隔一代、 两代...的:

remove1
* a first cousin once removed, ie a first cousin's child 堂或表兄弟姐妹的子或女. 派生： removable[-Ebl; -Ebl] adj (a) that can be removed or detached 可移动的; 可除去的; 可拆卸的: * This coffee-maker has two removable parts. 这个煮咖啡器有两个部分, 可以拆开. (b) [pred 作表语] (of a person) that can be dismissed from office （指人）可免职. removal[-vl; -vl] n 1 [U] removing or being removed 移动; 迁移; 免职; 去除. 2 [C] transfer of furniture, etc to a different home 搬迁: * [attrib 作定语] a re`moval van, firm, specialist, etc 搬迁用车、 公司、 专门人员等. removed adj [pred 作表语] ~ (from sth) (fig 比喻) distinct or different; remote 有区别; 不同; 遥远; 关系远: an accent not far removed from Cockney 与伦敦土话差不多的口音 * an explanation far removed from the truth 与事实相去甚远的解释. remover n 1 (in compounds 用以构成复合词) thing that removes sth 移动或去除某物之物: a stain, paint, nail-varnish, etc remover 污斑、 油漆、 指甲油等清除剂. 2 (esp pl 尤作复数) person or business that moves sb's furniture, etc, to a new house 代人搬迁的业者或公司: a firm of removers 搬运公司.

remunerate
[ri5mju:nEreit; ri5mjunE7ret] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth) (fml 文) pay or reward sb for work or services 酬报某人（为其工作或服务）. 派生： remuneration/ri7mju:nE'reiFn; ri7mjunE'reFEn] n [U] (fml or rhet 文或修辞) payment; reward 酬金; 报酬. remunerative/ri5mju:nErEtiv; - -nEreitiv; ri5mjunE7retiv] adj profitable 有报酬的; 付酬的; 有利益的: * a highly remunerative job, post, position, etc 报酬很高的工作、 职务、 职位等.

renaissance
[ri5neisns; - 'renEsa:ns; 7renE'sans] n 1 the Renaissance [sing] (period of the) revival of art and literature in the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries, based on classical forms （14、 15、 16世纪的）文艺复兴; 文艺复兴时期: * [attrib 作定语] Renaissance art, literature, etc 文艺复兴时期的艺术、 文学等. 2 [C] any similar revival 任何类似的复兴; 再生: * Folk music is currently enjoying a renaissance. 民间音乐现在又时兴起来了.

renal
[5ri:nl; 5rinl] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (anatomy 解) of, in or near the kidneys 肾脏的; 肾脏中的; 肾脏部位的: * a renal artery 肾动脉 * renal dialysis 肾透析.

rename
[7ri:'neim; ri5nem] v [Tn, Cn.n] give a new name to (sb/sth); name again 给（某人[某事物]）重新取名; 改名: * rename a street, a country, a racehorse 给一条街道、 一个国家、 一匹赛马重新命名 * The ship was renamed (`Nimrod'). 该船已改名（为尼姆罗德号）.

renascent
[ri5nAsnt; ri5nAsnt] adj (fml 文) becoming active again; reviving 复兴的; 复活的; 再生的: * a renascent interest in medieval times 对中世纪重新产生的兴趣.

rend
[rend; rend] v (pt, pp rent/rent; rent] ) (arch or fml 古或文) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] tear (sth) apart forcibly; split （用力）撕开或撕裂（某物）; 使分离: * rend one's garments, eg (formerly) to show grief or frustration 撕扯自己的衣服（如在旧时表示悲痛或失意之举） * The tiger rent its prey to pieces. 老虎把猎物撕成碎块. * a country rent in two by civil war 由於内战而分裂为两部分的国家 * The stone was rent asunder/apart. 那石块碎裂了. * (fig 比喻) Loud cries rent the air. 吼声冲破云霄. * heart-rending appeals for help 令人心碎的求助. 2 [Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (from sb/sth) pull or wrench sb/sth violently 猛拉或猛夺某人[某物]: * Children were rent from their mothers' arms by the brutal soldiers. 凶残的士兵把孩子们从母亲的怀抱中夺走了.

render
[5rendE(r); 5rendl] v (fml 文) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (for sth); ~ sth (to sb) give sth in return or exchange, or as sth which is due 给予某物作为报偿或用以交换; 回报; 归还: * render homage, obedience, allegiance, etc 表示敬意、 顺从、 效忠等 * a reward for services rendered 服务的酬金 * render good for evil 以德报怨 * render insult for insult 以侮辱对侮辱 * render sb a service/render a service to sb 为某人服务 * render help to disaster victims 向灾民提供援助 * render thanks to God 感谢上帝. 2 [Tn] present or send in (an account) for payment 递交或开出（帐单）: * account rendered 50 开出50英镑的帐单. 3 [Cn.a] cause (sb/sth) to be in a certain condition 使（某人[某事物]）处於某种状况: * rendered helpless by an accident 因出事故而束手无策 * Your action has rendered our contract invalid. 你们的这种做法导致双方的合同失效. 4 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] give a performance of (music, a play, a character, etc); give a portrayal of (sb/sth) in painting, etc 演奏（音乐）; 演出（戏剧）; 扮演（角色）; 以绘画等表现（某人[某物]）: * The piano solo was well rendered. 那支钢琴独奏曲弹得真好. * `Othello' was rendered rather poorly. 《奥赛罗》这出戏演得不好. * The artist had rendered her gentle smile perfectly. 该艺术家把她那温柔的笑容表现得惟妙惟肖. 5 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (into sth) express sth in another language; translate sth 翻译某事物: * How would you render `bon voyage' (into English)? bon voyage怎样翻译（成英语）? * Rendering poetry into other languages is difficult. 翻译诗歌是很困难的. 6 [Tn] cover (stone or brick) with a first layer of plaster 在（石或砖）上抹灰泥打底: * render walls 在墙上抹底灰. 7 (idm 习语) render an account of oneself, one's behaviour, etc (fml 文) explain or justify what one has said, done, etc 为自己的言行等作解释或辩护.

render1
8 (phr v) render sth down make (eg fat, lard) liquid by heating it; melt sth down 将（脂肪、 猪油等）熬成油; 熔化某物. render sth up (fml 文) hand over or surrender sth; yield sth 移交或交出某物; 放弃某事物: * render up a fort, town, etc to the enemy 放弃要塞、 城市等被敌人占领 * (fig 比喻) He rendered up his soul to God, ie died. 他魂归天国了. 派生： rendering[5rendEriN; 5rendEriN] n 1 [C, U] (instance of) performing a piece of music or a dramatic role 演奏; 演唱; 扮演; 表演: * a moving rendering of a Brahms song 勃拉姆斯歌曲动人的演唱 * his rendering of Hamlet 他扮演的哈姆雷特. 2 [C, U] (instance of) translating (sth written) （文字的）翻译; 译文: * a Spanish rendering/a rendering in Spanish of the original Arabic 阿拉伯文的西班牙文译文. 3 [C] first layer of plaster (on stone or brick) （石或砖上）打底的灰泥, 底灰.

rendezvous
[5rCndivu:; 5randE7vu] n (pl unchanged复数不变[-z; -z] ) 1 ~ (with sb) (place chosen for a) meeting at an agreed time 约会; 约会地点: * arrange/make a rendezvous with Bill at the pub at two o'clock 与比尔约定两点钟在酒馆会面. 2 place where people often meet （经常的）聚会处: * This cafe is a rendezvous for writers and artists. 这家小餐馆是作家和艺术家经常聚会的地方. 派生： rendezvous v [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb) meet (sb) at a rendezvous 与（某人）在约定地点相会: The two platoons will rendezvous (with each other) in the woods as planned. 这两个排按计画在树林里会合.

rendition
[ren'diFn; ren'diFEn] n (fml 文) way in which a dramatic role or piece of music, etc is performed; rendering （戏剧角色或音乐作品等的）表演, 扮演, 演奏, 演唱, 演出: * give a spirited rendition of a Bach chorale 充满生气地演唱巴赫的众赞歌.

renegade
[5renigeid; 5reni7ged] n (fml derog 文, 贬) 1 person that deserts a cause, political party, religious group, etc （事业、 政党、 宗教团体等的）背叛者, 叛党者, 叛教者, 叛徒, 变节分子: * [attrib 作定语] a renegade priest, spy, soldier 背教的牧师、 叛变的间谍、 倒戈的士兵. 2 any outlaw or rebel 亡命徒; 造反者: * bands of renegades in the mountains 山区的匪帮.

renege
(also renegue)[ri5ni:g, ri5neig; ri5nig, ri5neg] v (fml 文) 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (on sth) fail to keep a promise, one's word, etc 违背诺言等; 食言; 背信. 2 [I] (in card-games) revoke(2) （纸牌戏中）有牌而违例不跟.

renew
[ri5nju:; - -'nu:; ri5nu] v 1 [Tn] replace (sth) with sth new of the same kind 将（某物）换成新的; 更新（某物）: * renew worn tyres, bearings, brake-blocks, etc 更换磨损的轮胎、 轴承、 闸瓦等 * renew the water in the goldfish bowl 给金鱼缸换水 * renew (ie replenish) one's stock of coal 补充煤的储存量 * The light bulb needs renewing. 灯泡该换新的了. 2 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (fig 比喻) put new life and vigour into (sb/sth); restore 赋予（某人[某事物]）新的生命和活力; 使复元: * work with renewed enthusiasm 以新的热情工作 * The brandy renewed his strength/energy. 他喝了白兰地後就又恢复了体力. * After praying, I felt spiritually renewed. 我祷告之後觉得精神焕然一新. * Her kindness made him regard her with renewed affection. 她十分体贴, 使他对她重生情愫. 3 (a) [Tn] take up or begin (sth) again, eg after a break or pause; resume 重新做或开始（某事物）（如中断或休止之後）; 恢复: * renew an attack 重新发起进攻 * We renewed our journey the next day. 次日我们继续旅行. * renewed outbreaks of terrorist violence 恐怖分子的暴行又卷土重来 * renew one's efforts/attempts to break a record 为破纪录而再接再厉. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sb/sth) make or form sth again; re-establish sth 重新缔造或重又形成某事物; 重建: * renew a friendship, relationship, acquaintance, etc 重新建立友谊、 关系等 * The pilot renewed contact with the control tower. 飞行员同指挥塔恢复了联系. (c) [Tn] say or state (sth) again; reaffirm 再说或重述（某事物）; 重申: * renew a request, complaint, criticism, protest 再次提出要求、 申诉、 批评、 抗议 * We renewed our marriage vows. 我们又一次重复了我们的婚誓. * I renewed my offer of help. 我重申愿给予帮助. 4 [Tn] arrange for (sth) to be valid without a break; extend 使（某事物）延期, 续期, 延长, 延伸: * renew a passport, permit, lease, contract 延长护照、 许可证、 租约、 合同的期限

renew1
* renew one's subscription to a journal, membership of a club, etc 续订一份刊物、 办理俱乐部会员的延期手续 * renew one's library books (ie extend the period during which one can borrow them) for another week 把图书馆的书续借一周. 派生： renewable[-Ebl; -Ebl] adj that can be renewed (renew 4) 可延长有效期的; 可续期的: * Is the permit renewable? 这个许可证可以延期吗? renewal[-'nju:El; - -'nu:El; -'nuEl] n 1 [U] renewing or being renewed 更新; 恢复; 重新开始; 重建; 重申;续期: * Any renewal of negotiations will be welcomed. 为恢复谈判的任何做法都值得欢迎. * urban renewal, eg clearing slums to build better housing 市区的重建（如改造贫民区） * [attrib 作定语] the renewal date, eg of a library book, licence, lease, etc 续期日（如图书、 执照、 租约等）. 2 [C] act of renewing 更新; 恢复; 重建; 延期: * We've dealt with several renewals this week. 我们本周内处理了几件续约的事.

rennet
[5renit; 5renit] n [U] substance used to curdle milk in making cheese and junket 凝乳 .

renounce
[ri5nauns; ri5nauns] v (fml 文) 1 [Tn] (a) agree to give up ownership or possession of (sth), esp formally 同意放弃（某事物）的所有权或占有权（尤指正式地）: * renounce a claim, title, right, privilege 宣布放弃要求、 头衔、 权利、 特权. (b) give up (esp a habit) voluntarily; abandon 自愿放弃（尤指习惯）; 抛弃: * renounce strong drink, cigarettes, dangerous driving 戒酒、 戒烟、 改掉危险驾驶的习惯 * They've renounced their old criminal way of life. 他们已改变了过去那种罪恶的生活方式. * I soon renounced all thought of getting home before dark. 我不久就完全打消了天黑以前赶到家里的想法. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (for sth) reject or stop following sb/sth; repudiate sb/sth 摈弃或背弃某人[某事物]; 拒绝承认: * renounce Satan and all his works 摈弃撒旦及一切罪恶 * renounce terrorism, drugs, etc 唾弃恐怖主义、 毒品等 * renounce a treaty, an agreement, etc废除条约、 协定等 * renounce one's earlier ideals, principles, convictions, etc 背弃原先的理想、 原则、 信仰等 * She renounced Islam for/in favour of Christianity. 她不再信伊斯兰教而改信基督教. 3 [Tn] refuse to associate with or acknowledge (esp sth/sb with a claim to one's care, affection, etc) 拒绝与（某事物[某人]）发生联系; 与（某事物[某人]）断绝关系: * renounce a friendship 绝交 * He renounced his son (as an unworthy heir). 他与儿子断绝了父子关系（认为他不配作继承人）. 派生： renouncement n [U] = renunciation 1.

renovate
[5renEveit; 5renE7vet] v [Tn] restore (esp old buildings) to good condition 修复（尤指旧建 物）; 整修. 派生： renovation[7renE'veiFn; 7renE'veFEn] n 1 [U] renovating or being renovated 修复; 整修: * be under renovation 在修复中 * The college is closed for renovation. 这所学院停课进行整修. * [attrib 作定语] renovation works, plans, schemes, etc 整修作业、 计画、 方案等. 2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] act of renovating 修复; 整修: * The castle will undergo extensive and costly renovations. 那城堡要用钜资进行全面整修. renovator[-tE(r); -tl] n.

renown
[ri5naun; ri5naun] n [U] (fml 文) fame or distinction 名望; 声誉: * win renown (as a singer) 获得（歌唱家的）声誉 * an artist of great renown 极有名望的艺术家. 派生： renowned adj ~ (as/for sth) famous; celebrated 着名的; 有声望的: renowned as an actress/for her acting 出名的女演员[演技].

rent
1[rent; rent] n 1 [U, C] regular payment made for the use of land, premises, a telephone, machinery, etc; sum paid in this way 租金; 地租; 房租; （电话、 机器等的）租赁费: * owe three weeks' rent/be three weeks behind with the rent 欠叁个星期的租金 * live in a house free of rent, ie without paying rent 住免缴租金的房子 * Non-payment of rent can mean eviction. 不交租金就可能被赶出去. * pay a high/low rent for farming land 缴纳耕地的高昂的[低廉的]地租 * Rents are going up again. 租金又涨了. * [attrib 作定语] a rent book, agreement, collector 租金登记簿、 租赁协定、 收租人. 2 (idm 习语) for rent (esp US) available to be rented 供租用的; 招租的. 派生： rent v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sb) pay for the occupation or use of (land, premises, a telephone, machinery, etc) 租借或租用（土地、 房屋、 电话、 机器等）: rent a holiday cottage from an agency 向代理公司租用度假村舍 * Do you own or rent your video? 你的录像机是自己的呢, 还是租来的? 2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p, Dn.n] ~ sth (out) (to sb) allow sb to occupy or use (land, premises, a telephone, machinery, etc) in return for payment 将（土地、 房屋、 电话、 机器等）出租给某人: Mr Hill rents this land (out) to us at 500 a year. 希尔先生把这块地租给我们, 租金每年500英镑. * Will you rent me this television? 你把这台电视机租给我行吗? =>Usage at let2 用法见let2. 3 [I, Ipr] ~ (at/for sth) be let at a specified rent 以一定租金出租: The building rents at 3000 a year. 这座建 物以每年3000英镑的租金出租. * (US) an apartment renting for $900 a month 每月租金为900美元的一套公寓. rentable adj that can be rented or that yields a rent 可出租的; 可收租金的. rental[5rentl; 5rentl] n 1 [C] amount of rent paid or received 缴付或收取的租金数额: * pay a telephone rental of 20 a quarter 每季度缴付电话租金20英镑.

rent1
2 [U] renting 租赁: * [attrib 作定语] rental charges 租赁费. 复合： ,rent-`free adj, adv for which no rent is charged不收租金（的）: a ,rent-free `house 不收租金的房子 * occupy rooms rent-free 占用不收租金的房间. ,rent `rebate rebate of rent payable, given by a local authority to low wage-earners, esp council tenants 租金减免款（地方当局给予低工资者的）.

renunciation
[ri7nQnsi'eiFn; ri7nQnsi'eFEn] n 1 [U] (also renouncement) (formal declaration of) giving sth/sb up; renouncing 放弃; 断绝联系; 拒绝承认; 放弃权利或断绝关系的声明: * the king's renunciation of the throne 国王之宣布退位. 2 [U] habit of renouncing things; self-denial 忘我; 克己: * the virtues of renunciation 忘我的美德.

reopen
[7ri:'EupEn; ri5opEn] v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) open again after closing or being closed for a while（使某事物）再开, 再开始, 再打开: * School/Parliament reopens next week. 下周学校复课[议会复会]. * reopen a shop under a new name 使某商店换个招牌重开张 *reopen a discussion/debate/dialogue 重新开始讨论[辩论/对话] * The murder inquiry/case/trial was reopened. 对此谋杀案的调查[审理/审讯]重新开始了. * (fig 比喻) reopen old wounds, ie cause suffering by referring to painful experiences, disagreements, etc in the past 揭旧伤疤（提及以往的苦难经历、 争吵等使人痛苦）.

reorder
[7ri:'C:dE(r); ri5Crdl] v 1 [I, Tn] order (sth) again; order fresh supplies of (sth) 再订购（某物）; 添加订购（同类的某物）. 2 [Tn] put (sth) in a new order; rearrange 重新整理或排列（某物）; 重安排: * reorder the furniture 重新布置家具. 派生： reorder n demand for more or fresh supplies 再订购; 添加订购: put in a reorder for Oxford dictionaries 添购牛津词典 * [attrib 作定语] a re`order form 重新订购单.

reorganize, reorganise
v[7ri:'C:gEnaiz; ri5CrgE7naiz] [I, Tn] organize (sth) again or in a new way 重新组织、 改组或整顿（某事物）. > reorganization, -isation/ 9ri:9R:gEnaI5zeIFn; US -nI5z-; ri9Rr^EnE`zeFEn/ n [U, C].

rep
1 (also repp)[rep; rep] n [U] textile fabric with a corded effect, used in upholstery and curtains 棱纹平布（用作家具被覆材料及 幕）.

repaid
pt, pp of repay.

repair
1[ri5peE(r); ri5per] v [Tn] 1 restore (sth damaged or badly worn) to good condition 修理或修补（某物）: * repair a road, puncture, watch, shirt 修路、 补洞、 修表、 补衬衣. 2 put right or make amends for (sth); remedy 纠正或修正（某事物）; 补救: * repair an error, omission, etc 修正错误、 弥补疏漏 * repair a broken marriage使破裂的夫妻关系和好 * Can the damage done to international relations be repaired? 国际关系受到的损害还能够弥补吗? Cf 参看 fix1 4, mend 1. 派生： repair n 1 [U] restoring or being restored to good condition 修理; 修补: a road under repair 维修中的道路 * The vase was (damaged) beyond repair, ie could not be repaired. 这个花瓶已（破得）不能修复了. * [attrib 作定语] a bike repair shop 自行车修配店. 2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] ~ (to sth) act or result of repairing 修理; 修补: The shop is closed for repairs, ie while repair work is being done. 该店停止营业进行整修. * Heel repairs while you wait, eg in a shoe shop. 修理鞋後跟, 当时修好. 3 (idm 习语) in good, bad, etc re`pair; in a good, bad, etc state of re`pair in good, bad, etc condition 维修良好、 失修: keep a car in good repair 对汽车善为保养 * The house is in a shocking state of repair. 这所房子亟须维修. repairable[-rEbl; -rEbl] adj that can be repaired 可修理的; 可补救的. repairer n person who repairs things 修理者; 修理工: a watch repairer 修表匠.

reparable
[5repErEbl; 5repErEbl] adj (fml 文) (of a loss, etc) that can be made good （指损失等）可补救的, 可弥补的. Cf 参看 repairable (repair1).

reparation
[7repE'reiFn; 7repE'reFEn] n (fml 文) 1 [U] ~ (for sth) compensating for damage; making amends for loss 补偿; 赔偿: * make reparation (to God) for one's sins （向上帝）赎罪. 2 reparations [pl] compensation for war damages, demanded from a defeated enemy （向战败者索取的）赔偿, 赔款: * exact heavy reparations 索取巨额赔款.

repartee
[7repa:'ti:; 7repar'ti] n [U] 1 (skill in making) sharp clever retorts 机智而巧妙的应答或反驳; 巧辩的才能: * be good at (the art of) repartee 善於巧辩. 2 conversation, dialogue, etc consisting of such retorts 妙语如珠的对话、 对答等: * indulge in brilliant, witty, etc repartee 热中於巧妙、 机智等的对答 * The repartee flew back and forth across the dinner table. 宴会上妙语连珠对答如流.

repast
[ri5pa:st; - ri5pAst; ri5pAst] n (fml 文) meal 餐; 饭食: * partake of a light, sumptuous, etc repast 参加便宴、 盛宴等.

repatriate
[ri:'pAtrieit; - -'peit-; ri5petri7et] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (to sth) send or bring sb back to his own country 将某人遣送回国: * repatriate refugees, prisoners-of-war, immigrants, etc to their homeland 把难民、 战俘、 外来移民等遣送回国. > repatriation[7ri:ptri5eiFn; - ri:7peit-; ri7petri5eFEn] n [U].

repay
[ri5pei; ri5pe] v (pt, pp repaid/ri5peid; ri5ped] ) 1 (a) [Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) pay (money) back; refund sth 付还（钱）; 偿还某物: * repay a debt, mortgage, loan, etc 清偿债务、 抵押借款、 贷款等 * If you lend me 2, I'll repay it (to you) tomorrow. 你要是借给我两英镑, 我明天就还（给你）. (b) [Tn, Dn.n] pay (sb) back; reimburse 将钱付还给（某人）; 偿还: * Has she repaid you (the 2)? 她把（那两英镑）钱还给你了吗? 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth); ~ sth (with sth) give sb sth in return (for a service); reward sb/sth 以某物酬报某人; 报答某人[某事物]: * How can I ever repay (you for) your kindness? 我怎麽能报答你的恩惠呢? * The firm repaid her hard work with a bonus. 公司发给她奖金以酬谢她工作努力. 派生： repayable[-Ebl; -Ebl] adj that can or must be repaid 可偿还的; 应偿还的; 应报答的. repayment n 1 [U] repaying 偿还; 付还; 回报: bonds due for repayment 到期应偿还的债券 * repayment for your services, efforts 对你提供的服务、 做出的努力的酬报. 2 [C] thing repaid 偿还或回报之物; 付还之款: make two more repayments to clear the debt 再付两笔款把债还清 * Repayments can be spread over two years. 偿还款项可分期於两年偿清. * mortgage/loan repayments 抵押借款[贷款]的偿还款项.

repeal
[ri5pi:l; ri5pil] v [Tn] withdraw (a law, etc) officially; revoke 废止（法规等）; 撤消; 取消. > repeal n [U].

repeat
[ri5pi:t; ri5pit] v 1 (a) [Tn, Tf, Tw] say or write (sth) again once or more than once; reiterate 重复说或写（某事物）; 反覆重申: * I repeat: * the runway is not clear for take-off. 我再说一遍: * 跑道尚未畅通, 不能起飞. * repeat a comment, promise, demand 重复一个评论、 承诺、 要求 * Am I repeating myself? ie Did I say this before? 我以前说过这件事吗? * She repeated what she had said. 她重复了自己说过的话. (b) [Tn] do or make (sth) again once or more than once 重做或重复（某事物）: * repeat an action, attempt, attack 重做一动作、 重复一尝试、 再次发动进攻 * Such bargain offers can't be repeated. 这麽便宜的价钱不会再有了. * She repeated the waltz as an encore, eg at a piano recital. 她应听众的要求把华尔兹舞曲又演奏了一遍（如在钢琴独奏会上）. (c) [I, Tn] ~ (itself) occur again once or more than once 重复发生; 反复出现: * a repeating decimal 循环小数 * Does history/the past repeat itself? ie Do similar events or situations recur? 历史[过去的事件]还会重演吗? （类似的事情或情况还会发生吗?） 2 (a) [Tn, Tw] say aloud (sth heard or learnt by heart); recite 复述或背诵（某事物）; 朗诵: * Repeat the oath after me. 跟着我宣誓. * He repeated her statement word for word. 他一字不差地重复她的话. (b) [Tn, Tw, Dn.pr, Dpr.w] ~ sth (to sb) tell sb else (sth one has heard or been told) 向某人转述（某事物）: * His language won't bear repeating, eg because it's too obscene. 他的话别人实在说不出口（如因太下 流）. * Don't repeat what I said (to anyone) it's confidential. 别把我的话告诉别人--这是秘密. 3 [I, Ipr] ~ (on sb) (of food) continue to be tasted from time to time after being eaten, esp as a result of belching （指食物）吃後仍留有馀味（尤指因打嗝）: * Do you find that onions repeat (on you)? 你感觉到吃洋葱後口中留有馀味吗? 4 [Tn]

repeat1
(commerce 商) supply a further consignment of (sth) 再次供应（某物）: * repeat an order, a deal 再次供应同样一批货、 一笔交易. 派生： repeat n [C] 1 act of repeating; thing repeated 重复; 反复; 复述; 背诵: a second, etc repeat of a broadcast, TV series, etc 广播节目、 电视系列节目等的第二次...重播 * [attrib 作定语] a repeat performance, showing 重演、 重映 * (commerce 商) a repeat order, ie for another consignment of the same goods （同样货物的）再次订购. 2 (music 音) mark indicating a passage that is to be repeated 反复记号. repeatable adj [usu pred 通常作表语] that can berepeated 可重复; 可复述: His comments are not repeatable,eg because they were rude, obscene, etc. 他的话别人实在说不出口（如因粗俗、 下流等）. repeated adj [attrib 作定语] done, said or occurring again and again 反复做的; 反复说的; 反复发生的: repeated blows, warnings, accidents 多次的打击、 警告、 事故. repeatedly adv again and again 一再; 多次; 反复地: He begged her repeatedly to stop. 他一再求她停下来. repeater n (dated 旧) 1 revolver or rifle that can be fired many times without being reloaded 转轮手枪; 连发步枪. 2 watch or clock that can strike the last quarter hour or hour again 打簧表; 打簧钟. 3 device that repeats a signal 转播器; 中继器; 增音机.

repel
[ri5pel; ri5pel] v (-ll-) 1 [Tn] drive (sb/sth) back or away; repulse 赶走或驱除（某人[某事物]）; 击退: * repel an attacker, attack, invasion 击退进攻者、 进攻、 入侵 * (fig 比喻) The surface repels moisture, ie does not allow it to penetrate. 这表层能防潮. 2 [Tn] refuse to accept (sb/sth); spurn 拒绝（某人[某事物]）; 唾弃: * She repelled him/his advances, ie discouraged him/them. 她拒绝了他[他的追求]. * She repelled all offers of help. 她断然拒绝一切援助. 3 [I, Tn] push (sth) away from itself by an unseen force 排斥（某事物）: * North magnetic poles repel (each other). 磁北极与磁北极互相排斥. 4 [I, Tn] cause a feeling of distaste or disgust in (sb/sth) 使（某人[某事物]）厌恶或反感: * Gratuitous violence repels (most people). 无端使用暴力则激起民愤. * His greasy hair repelled her. 他头发油腻很讨她嫌. 派生： repellent[-Ent; -Ent] adj 1 ~ (to sb) arousing distaste or disgust; repulsive 令人厌恶的; 使人反感的; 可憎的: * the repellent smell of rotting meat 腐肉的难闻气味 * I find his selfishness repellent. 我很讨厌他那麽自私. * The very idea of sniffing glue is repellent to me. 我一想到吸胶毒就感到恶心. 2 that cannot be penetrated by a specified substance 某种物质无法穿透的; 防...的: * a water-repellent fabric 防水织物. n [U] 1 chemical that repels insects 驱虫剂: * Rub some of this mosquito-repellent on your legs. 你在腿上搽点驱蚊剂吧. 2 substance used to make fabric, leather, etc waterproof （涂在织物、 皮革等上的）防水剂.

repent
[ri5pent; ri5pent] v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tg] ~ (of sth) (fml esp religion 文, 尤用於宗教) feel regret or sorrow about (sth one has done or failed to do) 对（自己的所为）感到懊悔、 痛心、 悔悟或忏悔: * Repent (of your sins) and ask God's forgiveness. 你要忏悔, 请求上帝宽恕. * He bitterly repented his folly. 他对自己干的蠢事後悔已极. * I repent having been so generous to that scoundrel. 我後悔不该对那坏家伙如此宽宏大量. 2 (idm 习语) marry in haste, repent at leisure => marry. 派生： repentance[-Ens; -Ens] n [U] ~ (for sth) regret or sorrow for wrongdoing 懊悔; 痛悔; 悔悟; 悔改; 忏悔: * show signs of repentance 表现悔改之意. repentant[-Ent; -Ent] adj ~ (of sth) feeling or showing repentance 感到或表示懊悔、 悔悟、 悔改等的: * a repentant sinner, expression, mood 表示悔改的罪人、 神情、 心情 * repentant of his folly （他）对自己愚蠢的行为感到懊悔.

repercussion
[7ri:pE'kQFn; 7ripl'kQFEn] n 1 [C usu pl 通常作复数] indirect effect or result (esp unpleasant) of an event, etc; consequence （间接的）影响（尤指不良的）; 後果: * His resignation will have serious repercussions on/for the firm. 他辞职一事对公司影响很大. * the endless repercussions of living on credit 靠赊欠过日子的无穷後患. 2 (a) [U] recoil after an impact （碰撞後）弹回. (b) [C] thing thrown back, esp a sound; echo 被弹回的或反弹的事物; （尤指）回响, 回声.

repertoire
[5repEtwa:(r); 5repl7twar] n all the plays, songs, pieces, etc which a company, actor, musician, etc knows and is prepared to perform （某一艺术团体、 演员、 音乐家等可随时演出的）全部节目: * extend one's repertoire, ie learn sth new 丰富自己的演出项目（学新节目） * That tune is not in my repertoire. 我演出的节目中没有这个曲子. * (fig 比喻) He has a wide repertoire of dirty jokes. 他一肚子下流笑话.

repertory
[5repEtri; - -tC:ri; 5repl7tCri] (also infml 口语作 rep) n 1 [U] performance of various plays for short periods by one company (instead of one play for a long time with changes of cast) 轮演剧目（一剧团的多项剧目在短期的轮换演出）: * act/work in repertory 参加轮演剧目演出 * play repertory for two years 演出两年轮演剧目 * [attrib 作定语] a repertory actor 参加轮演剧目演出的演员. 2 [C] (fml 文) = repertoire. 复合： `repertory company permanent company in which each actor plays a variety of parts in a number of plays 轮演剧目剧团. `repertory theatre theatre in which repertory is performed 上演轮演剧目的剧院.

repetition
[7repi'tiFn; 7repi'tiFEn] n 1 (a) [U] repeating or being repeated 重复; 反复; 重说; 重写; 重做; 背诵: * learn by repetition 反复学习. (b) [C] act of repeating; recurrence 重复; 反复; 重说; 重写; 重做; 背诵: * after numerous repetitions 经多次反复 * Let there be no repetition of this behaviour, ie Don't do it again. 别再干这种事了. 2 [C] copy or replica 复制件; 副本; 拷贝: * a repetition of a previous talk 前次会谈的副本. 派生： repetitious[7repi'tiFEs; repi'tiFEs] , repetitive/ rI5petEtIv; rI`pZtItIv/ adjs (usu derog 通常作贬义) characterized by repetition 重复的; 反复的: * a repetitivejob, tune 重复性的工作、 反复的曲调 * repetitive questions翻来复去的老问题. repetitiously, repetitively advs. repetitiousness, repetitiveness ns [U].

rephrase
[7ri:'freiz; ri5frez] v [Tn] say (sth) again in different words, esp to make the meaning clearer 换用词语说（某事）（尤指深入浅出）: * rephrase a remark, question, point, etc 改换措辞说清一段话、 一问题、 一要点等.

repine
[ri5pain; ri5pain] v [I, Ipr] ~ (at/against sth) (fml 文) feel or show discontent; fret 不满; 埋怨; 发牢骚; 苦恼: * repine at one's misfortune 哀怨自己的不幸 * repine against Fate 抱怨命运女神.

replace
[ri5pleis; ri5ples] v 1 [Tn] put (sth) back in its place 将（某物）放回原处: * replace the book on the shelf 把书放回书架上 * replace the receiver, ie after telephoning 把听筒放回原处（打电话後）. 2 [Tn, Cn.n/a] take the place of (sb/sth) 代替, 取代（某人[某事物]）: * Robots are replacing people on assembly lines. 机器人逐渐代替了装配线上的工人. * Can anything replace a mother's love? 有什麽东西能代替母爱吗? * His deputy replaced him as leader. 他的副手接替他当了领导. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (with sb/sth) provide a substitute for sb/sth 更换、 替换某人[某事物]: * He is inefficient and must be replaced. 他不称职, 必须撤换. * replace a broken window (with a new one) （用新窗户）更换破了的窗户. 派生： replaceable[-Ebl; -Ebl] adj that can be replaced 可回归原位的; 可代替的; 可更换的. replacement n 1 [U] replacing or being replaced 回归原位; 代替; 更换: the replacement of worn parts 磨损零件的更换. 2 [C] ~ (for sb/sth) person or thing that replaces another 代替或替换他者的人或事物: find a replacement for Sue (ie sb to do her work) while she is ill 苏珊生病时找个代她工作的人 * [attrib 作定语] replacement staff 替补人员.

replay
[7ri:'plei; ri5ple] v [Tn] 1 play (eg a football match that was drawn) again 重新（比赛）（如足球赛之平局後）. 2 play (sth recorded) again on a tape-recorder, video recorder, etc 重放（录音、 录像等）. 派生： replay[5ri:plei; 5ri7ple] n 1 replayed match 重赛. 2 replaying of a recorded incident or sequence in a game, etc （录制内容的）重放: * an action replay of a penalty kick 罚点球镜头的重放.

replenish
[ri5pleniF; ri5pleniF] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) fill sth again 再将某物充满: * Let me replenish your glass, eg with more wine. 我给你把杯子再斟满吧. * replenish one's wardrobe 添置衣服. 2 [Tn] get a further supply of (sth) 补充某物: * replenish one's stocks of pet food, timber, notepaper, light bulbs 添置宠物的食物、 木材、 信纸、 灯泡. > replenishment n [U].

replete
[ri5pli:t; ri5plit] adj [pred 作表语] ~ (with sth) (fml 文) 1 well-fed or full; gorged 饱食; 吃饱喝足: * lions replete with their kill 捕获猎物後吃得饱饱的狮子 * feel replete after a large meal 吃一大顿饭後觉得很饱. 2 well stocked or supplied 备足的; 供应充分的: * a house replete with every modern convenience 现代化设备一应俱全的房子. 派生： repletion/ri5pli:Fn; ri5pliFEn] n [U] (fml 文) state of being replete(1) 充满; 充足; 饱足: * be full to repletion 很饱.

replica
[5replikE; 5replikE] n (a) exact copy, esp one made by an artist of one of his own pictures, etc 精确的复制品（尤指出自图画等之原作者之手的）. (b) model, esp one made on a smaller scale 模型; （尤指）按比例缩小的复制品: * make a replica of the Eiffel Tower 制作埃菲尔铁塔的模型. 派生： replicate[5replikeit; 5replEket] v [Tn] (fml 文) be or make a copy of (sth); reproduce 复现或复制（某物）; 再制造; 再生出: * The chameleon's skin replicates the pattern of its surroundings. 变色龙的皮肤可随环境改变颜色. replication[7repli'keiFn; 7replE'keFEn] n [U].

reply
[ri5plai; ri5plai] v (pt, pp replied) (a) [I, Ipr, Tf] ~ (to sb/sth); ~ (with sth) say or make an answer, in speech or writing; respond （以口头或书面形式）回答, 答覆: * fail to reply to a question, letter, accusation 未能回答问题、 回信、 抗辩指控 * I replied with a short note. 我回了一封短信. * `Certainly not,’ she replied. ‘当然不行,’她答道. * He replied that he was busy. 他答称很忙. (b) [I, Ipr] ~ (to/with sth) give an answer in the form of an action; respond （以行动）作答, 回答: * He replied with a nod. 他点了点头作为回答. * The enemy replied to our fire, ie fired back at us. 敌人向我方还击. 派生： reply n 1 [U] act of replying 回答; 答覆: She made no reply. 她没有回答. * What did he do in reply to your challenge? 你提出与他较量, 他作何反应? 2 [C] what is replied; response 回答; 答覆: get/have/receive several replies to an advertisement 收到回应广告的来信 * [attrib 作定语] a reply-paid telegram, envelope, etc, ie paid for by the sender or addressee 已付回电费的电报、 邮资已付的回邮信封. Cf 参看 answer1.

report
1[ri5pC:t; ri5pCrt] v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Tw, Tg, Tsg, Cn.a] ~ (on sb/sth) (to sb/sth); ~ sth (to sb) give a spoken or written account of (sth heard, seen, done, studied, etc); describe （以口头或书面形式）报告或报道（所闻、 所见、 所做、 研究所得等）; 记述; 叙述: * report on recent developments 报告近况 * report (on) progress made 报告所取得的进展 * report a debate, strike, kidnapping 报道辩论情况、 罢工事件、 绑架事件 * Tom reported his discoveries to the professor. 汤姆向教授汇报了自己的发现. * I reported how he had reacted. 我把他的反应做了汇报. * She reported (her) having seen the gunman. 她叙述说曾看见那持枪歹徒. * The doctor reported the patient fit and well. 医生说患者情况良好. 2 (a) [Tn, Tf, Tnt, Tg, Tsg, Cn.a] make (sth) known, esp by publishing or broadcasting; announce 公布（某事物）（尤指藉出版或广播）; 发布; 宣告: * Police reported the closure of the road/that the road was closed. 警方宣布那条道路禁止通行. * The poll reported Labour to be leading. 民意测验显示工党领先. * They reported sighting the plane. 他们宣称看见了那架飞机. * The judge reported the case closed. 法官宣布结案. (b) [I, Ipr] ~ (for sth) work as a reporter 从事新闻报道工作; 当记者: * report for the Times, the BBC, etc 任《泰晤士报》、 英国广播公司等记者. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth); ~ sb/sth (to sb) make a formal complaint or accusation about (an offence or offender) 告发; 举报: * report an official for insolence 告一公职人员傲慢无礼 * report a burglary, car crash, fraud, etc to the police 因失窃、 汽车车祸、 受人诈骗等向警方报案 * report sb/sb's lateness to the manager 向经理告发某人[某人迟到一事]. 4 (a) [I, Ipr] ~ (to sb/sth) for sth present oneself as arrived, returned, ready for work, etc 报到; 复命: * report to the receptionist/reception

report1
(eg in a hotel) for one's room key 向接待员[接待处]报到以索取房间钥匙（如在旅馆中） * report for duty at 7 am 上午7点钟报到上班. (b) [La, Cn.n/a] declare or show oneself or sb to be in a certain state or place 宣布或表明自己或某人处於某种状况或身在某处: * report sick, absent, fit 表明有病、 缺席、 健康 * The child was reported missing (ie was said to have disappeared) on Friday. 据说那孩子星期五失踪了. * The officer reported his men in position. 那军官报告其部下已到位. 5 [Ipr] ~ to sb/sth be responsible to a certain person or department that supervises one's work 对上司或上级部门负责: * All representatives report (directly) to the sales department. 所有营业代表均须向销售部（直接）承担责任. 6 (phr v) report back (from sth) return 归来报到: * The officer reported back from leave on Sunday night. 那军官於星期日晚上报到销假. report back (to sb/sth) give a spoken or written account of sb/sth one has been asked to investigate 将调查的某人[某事物]的情况做口头或书面报告: * He was requested to report back to the committee about/on the complaint. 委员会要求他对投诉事件做出调查报告. 派生： reportage/ 9repR:5tB:V, also rI5pR:tIdV; 9rZp9Rr`tBV, rI`pRrtIdV] n [U] (typical style of) reporting news for the media 新闻报道; 报道文体: * the skilful reportage of sports journalists 体育记者十分拿手的报道工作. reportedly adv according to reports (report 1) 据报道; 据说: The star is reportedly very ill. 据说该明星病重. reporter n person who reports news for the media 记者; 新闻通讯员: press/TV/radio reporters 报刊[电视台/广播电台]记者 * an on-the-spot reporter, ie one who is at the scene of the event 现场记者. Cf 参看 journalist (journal). 复合： re,ported `speech = indirect speech (indirect).

repose
1[ri5pEuz; ri5poz] v (fml 文) 1 [I] rest; lie 休息; 躺: * repose from toil 劳累後休息一下 * The picture shows a nude reposing on a couch. 这幅画表现的是一个人赤身 体躺在长沙发上. * Beneath this stone repose the poet's mortal remains, ie lies the poet's corpse. 在此石块下面埋葬着诗人的遗骸. 2 [Tn.pr] ~ sth on sb/sth lay (an arm, etc) on sb/sth for support 将（手臂等）靠在某人[某物]上: * repose one's head on a cushion 把头靠在垫子上. 派生： repose n [U] (fml 文) 1 rest; sleep 休息; 睡眠: disturb sb's repose 打扰某人的休息 * Her face is sad in repose. 她在睡眠时脸上显露出忧伤. 2 (a) peaceful state; tranquillity 安静; 安宁: win repose after months of suffering 经历几个月的苦难才获得安宁. (b) ease of manner; composure 安详; 沉静: He lacks repose. 他这人心浮气躁. reposeful[-fl; -fl] adj calm; quiet 平静的; 安静的.

repository
[ri5pCzitri; - -tC:ri; ri5pazE7tCri] n 1 place where things are stored or may be found, esp a warehouse or museum 贮藏或存放物品之处所; （尤指）仓库, 栈房, 博物馆: * a furniture repository 家具贮藏室. 2 (fig 比喻) person or book that receives and stores confidences, secrets, information, etc 可信任的人; 心腹; 知己; 知识宝库: * My father is a repository of interesting facts. 我父亲有说不完的趣事. * My diary is the repository of all my hopes and plans. 我在日记中记载着我的一切希望和计画.

repossess
[7ri:pE'zes; 7ripE'zes] v [Tn] regain possessionof (esp hire-purchase goods or mortgaged property on which repayments have not been kept up) 收回（尤指未按分期付款规定付款的货物或抵押物）: * repossess furniture 收回未按分期付款规定付款的家具 * repossess a flat, site, smallholding, etc （因抵押借款人未按分期还款规定付款, 贷款人）收回公寓、 建 用地、 小农田等. > repossession[7ri:pE'zeFn; 7ripE'zeFEn] n [U].

repp
= rep1.

reprehend
[7repri5hend; 7repri5hend] v [Tn] (fml 文) criticize or rebuke (sb or sb's behaviour) 批评或指责（某人或某人的行为）. 派生： reprehensible[7repri5hensEbl; 7repri5hensEbl] adj (fml 文) deserving to be reprehended 应受指责的: * Yourconduct/attitude is most reprehensible. 你的行为[态度]的确应该受到批评. reprehensibly[-sEbli; -sEbli] adv.

represent
1[7repri5zent; 7repri5zent] v 1 [Tn, Cn.n/a]make an image of or show (sb/sth) in a picture, sculptureor play; depict （在绘画、 雕塑或戏剧中）表现（某人[某事物]）; 描绘; 塑造: * The picture represents a hunting scene. 这是一幅行猎图. * The king is represented as a villain in the play. 在这出剧中把国王刻画成一个反面人物. 2 [Tn, Cn.n/a, Cn.t] describe (sb/sth), often misleadingly, as having a certain character or qualities 将（某人[某事物]）（常指歪曲性地）描述为有某特点或性质: * Why do you represent the matter in this way? 你为什麽把这事说成这样? * He represented himself as anexpert. 他把自己说成是专家. * The risks were represented as negligible. 把这麽冒险的事说得微不足道. * I am not what you represent me to be. 我不是像你说的那种人. 3 [Tn, Tf, Dn.pr, Dpr.f] ~ sth (to sb) (fml 文) state sth as a protest or appeal 陈述某事物（作为抗议或申诉）: * represent the rashness of a plan, the seriousness of an accusation 抗议某计画过於粗率、 某指控过於严厉 * They represented their grievances to the Governor. 他们向总督申诉冤情. * The barrister represented to the court that the defendant was mentally unstable. 讼务律师向法庭陈述被告精神不正常. 4 [Tn] (a) stand for or be a symbol or equivalent of (sb/sth); symbolize 代表, 象徵, 等於（某人[某事物]）; 标志: * Phonetic symbols represent sounds. 语音符号是标音的符号. * What does x represent in this equation? 这个方程式中的x代表什麽? * The rose represents England. 玫瑰花是英格兰的象徵. (b) be an example or embodiment of (sth); typify 是（某事物）的一个例子; 体现（某事物）; 作为...典型: * This quartet represents a major new trend in modern music. 这首四重奏的曲子反映了现代音乐中一种主要的新趋向. * Fonteyn represents the best traditions of ballet. 芳廷承袭了芭蕾舞艺术的最优秀的传统. 5 [Tn] be the result of (sth); correspond to 是（某事物）的结果; 相当於:

represent1
* This new car represents years of research. 这种新型汽车是多年研究的成果. * A wage rise of 5% represents an annual increase of 250 for the lowest-paid workers. 工资提高5%对收入最低的工人来说相当於全年收入增加250英镑. 6 (a) [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] act as a substitute or deputy for (sb) 作为（某人）的代表或代理人: * The Queen was represented at the funeral by the British ambassador. 英国大使代表女王参加了葬礼. (b) [Tn, Dpr.f] act as a spokesman for (sb) 作为（某人）的代言人: * Members (ie of Parliament) representing Welsh constituencies 代表威尔士各选区的国会议员 * Our firm is represented in India by Mr Hall. 我公司驻印度代表是霍尔先生. * Who is representing you (ie acting as your lawyer) in the case? 这一案中谁是你的辩护律师? * He represented to the court that the accused was very remorseful. 他代被告向法庭陈情说被告十分懊悔. 派生： representation[7reprizen'teiFn; 7reprizen'teFEn] n 1 [U] act of representing or state of being represented表现; 表示; 代表; 代理: * The firm needs more representationin China. 这家公司需要在中国多设些代理机构. * effective representation (ie in Parliament) of voters' interests （在议会中）代表选民利益的反映. 2 [C] (fml 文) thing, esp a picture, sculpture or play, that represents sb/sth 表现某人[某事物]的事物; （尤指）图画, 雕塑, 戏剧: * stained-glass representations of saints 彩色玻璃的圣徒画像 * an unusual representation of Hamlet 在演出上别具一格的《哈姆雷特》. 3 (idm 习语) make representations to sb (fml 文) protest or appeal to sb (about sth) （就某事物）向某人提出抗议或呼吁: * make representations to the council about the state of the roads 就路况问题提请市政当局解决 * The ambassador made forceful representations to the White House. 该大使向白宫提出了强烈抗议.

representative
[7repri5zentEtiv; 7repri5zentEtiv] adj 1 ~ (of sb/sth) (a) serving to show or portray a classor group 有代表性的; 典型的: * Is a questionnaire answeredby 500 people truly representative of national opinion? 一份调查问卷有500人作答, 是否能真正代表全国人民的意见? (b) containing examples of a number of types 包含多种类型的样品的: * a representative sample, selection, survey, etc 有多种类型的样品、 锦集、 调查等 * a representative collection of British insects 英国各类昆虫的标本. 2 consisting of elected deputies; based on representation by these 由选出之代表组成的; 代议制的: * representative elections, governments, institutions 代议制的选举、 政府、 机构. 派生： representative n ~ (of sb/sth) 1 typical example of a class or group 典型; 有代表性的人或事物: Many representatives of the older generation were there. 老一辈的各类人都在那里. 2 (also infml 口语作 rep) (commerce 商) agent of a firm, esp a travelling salesman （公司的）代理者; （尤指）派出的推销员: act as sole representatives of XYZ Oil 充当XYZ石油公司的总代理. 3 (a) person chosen or appointed to represent1 (6) another or others; delegate 代表他人的人; 代表: the Queen's representative at the ceremony 参加典礼的女王代表 * send a representative to the negotiations 派代表参加谈判. (b) person elected to represent othersin a legislative body （被选入立法机构的）代表: our representative (ie MP) in the House of Commons 我们在下议院的代表.

repress
[ri5pres; ri5pres] v [Tn] 1 (a) restrain or suppress (an impulse); check 约束或抑制（冲动）; 压抑: * repress an urge to scream 强忍着不喊出来 * repress a sneeze, smile, cough 强抑着不打喷嚏、 不笑、 不咳嗽 * He repressed his natural sexual desires as sinful. 他压抑着本能的性欲, 视之为罪恶. (b) (usu passive 通常用於被动语态) cause (sb) to restrain or suppress emotion, thoughts, etc 使（某人）在感情、 思想等上受压抑: * His childhood was repressed and solitary. 他童年经受到压抑很孤独. 2 (a) prevent (a revolt, etc) from breaking out; quell 防止（暴乱等）; 平息; 镇压: * All protest is brutally repressed by the regime. 一切抗议活动都遭到当局的野蛮镇压. (b) prevent (sb) from protesting or rioting; subjugate 防止（某人）反对或作乱; 压制: * The dictator represses all opposition as illegal. 这个独裁者把所有反对他的活动均视为非法加以镇压. 派生： repressed adj suffering from suppression of the emotions 受压抑的. repression/ri5preFn; ri5preFEn] n 1 [U] repressing or being repressed 约束; 抑制; 压抑; 压制; 镇压. 2 (psychology 心) (a) [U] action of forcing desires and urges, esp those in conflict with accepted standards of conduct, into the unconscious mind, often resulting in abnormal behaviour 压抑: * sexual repression 性欲的压抑. (b) [C] desire or urge repressed in this way 被压抑的欲望或冲动. repressive/ri5presiv; ri5presiv] adj tending to repress; harsh or severe 抑制的; 压制的; 严厉的; 严格的: * a repressive regime, tendency, law 严酷的政权、 压抑的倾向、 严厉的法律 * Parliament condemned the repressive measures taken by the police. 议会谴责了警方采取的镇压措施. repressively adj. repressiveness n [U].

reprieve
[ri5pri:v; ri5priv] v [Tn] 1 postpone or cancel a punishment for (sb), esp the death sentence 缓期执行或撤消对（某人）的惩罚（尤指死刑）: * reprieve a condemned prisoner 缓期执行已决犯的死刑. 2 (fig 比喻) give temporary relief from danger, trouble, etc to (sb/sth) 暂时缓解（某人[某事物]）的危险、 困难等: * The tree that was due to be cut down has been reprieved for six months. 原定砍伐的那棵树已经推迟六个月再砍. 派生： reprieve n 1 (a) [U] postponement or cancellation of a punishment, esp the death sentence 刑罚（尤指死刑）的缓期执行或撤消: the reprieve of the hostages 对人质的暂缓处决. (b) [C] order for this to happen 缓刑令（尤指死刑的）: grant (sb) a reprieve/a reprieve to sb 准许（某人）缓期受刑 * The prisoner won a last-minute reprieve. 那囚犯在临刑前获得了缓刑. 2 [U, C] (fig 比喻) temporary relief from danger, trouble, etc （危险、 因难等的）暂时缓解.

reprimand
[5reprima:nd; - -mAnd; 5reprE7mAnd] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth) rebuke sb (for a fault, etc), esp officially 训斥、 申斥或斥责某人（尤指对下属）. 派生： reprimand n [C, U] rebuke, esp an official one 训斥, 申斥, 斥责（尤指对下属）: receive a stiff, severe, sharp, etc reprimand 受到严厉的、 严格的、 尖刻的...训斥 * His negligence passed without reprimand. 他玩忽职守并未受到斥责.

reprint
[7ri:'print; ri5print] v (a) [Tn] print (a book, etc) again, with few or no changes 重印, 再版（书等）. (b) [I] (of a book, etc) be printed again （指书等）重印, 再版: * The dictionary is reprinting with minor corrections. 这部词典稍作修改後正在重印. 派生： reprint[5ri:print; 5ri7print] n (a) reprinting or new impression of a book with few or no changes 重印; 再版: * The work is into its third reprint. 这部着作已是第叁次重印了. (b) such a reprinted book 重印本; 再版本. Cf 参看 edition.

reprisal
[ri5praizl; ri5praizl] n [C, U] (act of) returning an injury, esp political or military, done to oneself; retaliation 报复（行动）（尤指政治或军事的）: * suffer heavy reprisals 遭到严厉的报复 * take reprisals against terrorism 对恐怖主义进行报复 * Civilian targets were bombed in reprisal (for the raid). 轰炸了民用目标作为（对曾受袭击的）报复.

reproach
[ri5prEutF; ri5protF] v [Tn, Tn.pr] (a) ~ sb/oneself (for sth) criticize sb/oneself, esp for failing to do sth 责备某人[自己]（尤指因未做成某事）: * She reproached him for forgetting their anniversary. 她责备他竟把他们的结婚周年纪念日忘了. * I have nothing to reproach myself for, ie that I need regret. 我问心无愧. (b) ~ sb/oneself (with sth) name a fault as a reason for criticizing sb/oneself 指出过失而责备某人[自己]: * reproach the government with neglect 指责政府疏忽. 派生： reproach n 1 (a) [U] reproaching 责备: a word, look, sigh of reproach 责备的话、 目光、 叹息. (b) [C] word, remark, etc that reproaches 责备的言词、 话语等: heap reproaches on sb 对某人诸多指责. 2 (a) [U] (fml 文) state of disgrace or discredit 耻辱; 丢脸: bring reproach upon oneself 给自己蒙羞. (b) [sing] ~ (to sb/sth) person or thing that disgraces or discredits sb/sth 使某人[某事物]蒙羞或丢丑的人或事物: Poverty is/The poor are a constant reproach to our society. 贫穷现象[穷人]是我们社会长期存在的耻辱. 3 (idm 习语) above/beyond reproach perfect; blameless 尽善尽美的; 无可指摘的: Her manners are above reproach. 她的举止无可非议. reproachful[-fl; -fl] adj expressing reproach(1) 表示责备的: * a reproachful look, remark, sigh 表示责备的目光、 话语、 叹息. reproachfully[-fEli; -fEli] adv.

reprobate
[5reprEbeit; 5reprE7bet] adj, n [attrib 作定语] (fml or joc 文或谑) immoral or unprincipled (person)道德败坏的（人）; 堕落的（人）: * have reprobate tendencies 有堕落的倾向 * You sinful old reprobate! 你这个作恶多端的无赖! * He has always been a bit of a reprobate. 他一向不很规矩.

reproduce
[7ri:prE'dju:s; - -'du:s; 7riprE'dus] v 1 [Tn] make a copy of (a picture, etc) 复制（图画等）: * This copier can reproduce colour photographs. 这台复印机可复制彩色照片. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (as sth) cause sth to be seen or heard again, or to occur again 再现某事物的形象或声音; 放映或播放某事物: * a portrait that reproduces every detail of the sitter's face 把那被画像的人的容貌表现得维妙维肖的画像 * Her stereo system reproduces every note perfectly. 她的立体声音响设备放音效果极佳. * Can this effect be reproduced in a laboratory? 这种效果能在实验室里产生吗? * The computer reproduced the data as a set of diagrams. 计算机用一组图表把那些数据重新显示出来. 3 [I] have a specified quality when copied 达到某种复制效果: * Some colours reproduce well/badly. 有的颜色复制效果好[差]. 4 [I, Tn] (of humans, animals, insects, etc) produce (offspring) by natural means （指人、 兽、 昆虫等）生殖, 繁殖: * Ferns reproduce (themselves) by spores. 蕨类植物用孢子繁殖. 派生： reproducible[-Ebl; -Ebl] adj that can be reproduced 可复制的; 可重现的; 能繁殖的. reproduction[7ri:prE'dQkFn; 7riprE'dQkFEn] n 1 [U] reproducing or being reproduced 复制; 重现; 繁殖:Compact disc recordings give excellent sound reproduction.激光唱片播放的声音保真度很高. 2 [U] process ofreproducing (reproduce 4) 繁殖过程: * study reproductionin shellfish 研究水生有壳动物的繁殖方法. 3 [C] thing reproduced, esp a copy of a work of art 复制品（尤指艺术作品的）: * Is that painting an original or a reproduction?那幅画是原作还是复制品? * [attrib 作定语] reproductionfurniture, ie made in imitation of an earlier style 仿制的旧式家具. reproductive[7ri:prE'dQktiv; 7riprE'dQktiv] adj of or for reproduction of offspring 生殖的; 繁殖的; 起生殖作用的: * reproductive organs, systems, urges 生殖器官、 系统、 欲望.

reproof
[ri5pru:f; ri5pruf] n [C, U] (fml 文) (remark, etc expressing) blame or disapproval 责备; 非难; 责备的话语等: * administer a stern reproof 给予严厉的斥责 * conduct deserving a stern reproof 应该受到严厉斥责的行为 * Tom swept up the broken glass without a word of reproof to his son. 汤姆把碎玻璃扫乾净, 没说一句责备儿子的话.

reprove
[ri5pru:v; ri5pruv] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth) (fml 文) blame or rebuke sb; censure 责备或指责某人; 谴责: * The priest reproved people for not coming to church. 牧师责备那些不做礼拜的人. 派生： reproving adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] expressing reproof 表示责备的: a reproving glance, remark, etc 表示责备的一瞥、 话语等. reprovingly adv.

reptile
[5reptail; - -tl; 5reptl] n any of the class ofcold-blooded, egg-laying animals including lizards, tortoises,crocodiles, snakes, etc with relatively short legs or no legs at all 爬行动物（冷血, 卵生, 如蜥蜴、 龟、 鳄鱼、 蛇等）; 爬虫. 派生： reptilian/rep'tiliEn; rep'tiliEn] adj, n (of or like a) reptile 爬行动物（的）; 爬虫（似的）.

republic
[ri5pQblik; ri5pQblik] n (country with a) system of government in which supreme power is held not by a monarch but by the (elected representatives of the) people, with an elected President 共和国; 共和政体: * a constitutional republic, eg the US, Canada 立宪共和国（如美国、 加拿大）. Cf 参看 monarchy (monarch).

republican
[ri5pQblikEn; ri5pQblikEn] adj of or like a republic; supporting the principles of a republic 共和国的; 共和政体的; 拥护共和政体的: * a republican movement,party, government 共和运动、 党、 政体 * republican sympathies 对共和制的拥护. 派生： republican n 1 person favouring republican government 拥护共和政体的人; 共和主义者. 2 Republican member of one of the two main political parties in the US （美国）共和党党员. Cf 参看 democrat 2. republicanism[-izEm; -7izEm] n [U] (support for) republican principles 共和主义; 共和制; 对共和制的拥护. 复合： Re`publican Party one of the two main political parties in the US （美国）共和党. Cf 参看 Democratic Party (democratic).

repudiate
[ri5pju:dieit; ri5pjudi7et] v [Tn] 1 refuse to have any more to do with (sb); disown 与（某人）断绝来往; 否认...是自己的: * repudiate a son, lover, former friend, etc 与儿子、 情人、 旧友等断绝关系. 2 (a) refuse to accept or acknowledge (sth); reject 拒绝接受或承认（某事物）; 回绝: * repudiate a charge, view, claim, suggestion 拒绝一项指控、 一种观点、 一项权利要求、 一项建议 * He utterly repudiated my offer of friendship. 他完全拒绝接受我的友好表示. (b) refuse to abide by (the ruling of an authority or an agreement) 拒不服从（权威）; 拒不遵守（协议）: * He repudiated the court's decision to offer bail. 他不接受法庭的保释裁决. * repudiate a treaty, contract, vow, etc 不履行条约、 合同、 誓约等. 3 refuse to discharge (a debt or an obligation) 拒绝偿付（债款）; 拒不履行（义务）. > repudiation/ rI9pju:dI5eIFn; rI9pjudI`eFEn/ n [U, C].

repugnant
[ri5pQgnEnt; ri5pQgnEnt] adj ~ (to sb) (a) (fml 文) causing a feeling of strong opposition or dislike; abhorrent 令人厌恶的; 使人极反感的; 讨厌的: * I find his racist views totally repugnant. 我十分厌恶他的种族主义观点. * The idea of accepting a bribe was repugnant to me. 我一想到受贿这种事就非常反感. (b) causing a feeling of strong disgust; nauseating 使人作呕的; 恶心的: * All food was repugnant to me during my illness. 我生病时吃什麽都恶心. 派生： repugnance[-nEns; -nEns] n [U] ~ (to sth/doing sth) strong aversion or disgust 厌恶; 强烈的反感; 恶心: * She has a deep repugnance to the idea of accepting charity. 她认为接受救济的想法是要不得的. * I cannot overcome my repugnance to eating snails. 吃蜗牛真恶心, 我可受不了.

repulse
[ri5pQls; ri5pQls] v [Tn] (fml 文) 1 drive back (an attacker or an attack) by fighting; repel 击退（进攻者或进攻）; 驱逐. 2 (fig 比喻) (a) refuse to accept (an offer, help, etc); reject 拒绝接受（提议、 帮助等）; 回绝: * repulse kindness, sympathy, assistance, etc 拒绝接受好意、 同情、 帮助等 * She repulsed his advances. 他向她求爱, 她拒绝了. (b) discourage (sb making an offer, wanting to help, etc) by being rude or unfriendly; rebuff （粗暴或无礼地）顶回（提议者、 想要给予帮助者等）; 冷落. Cf 参看 repel 1, 2. 派生： repulse n [sing] 1 defeat of an attack by fighting 击退. 2 (fig 比喻) rude or unfriendly rejection of an offer, etc; rebuff （对提议等, 粗暴或无礼的）拒绝; 回绝; 冷落: Her request for a donation met with a repulse. 她要求赞助却遭到粗暴拒绝.

repulsion
[ri5pQlFn; ri5pQlFEn] n [U] 1 ~ (for sb/sth) feeling of loathing or aversion; disgust 厌恶; 憎恶; 反感: * feel repulsion for sb 厌恶某人. 2 (physics 物) tendency of bodies (eg magnetic poles) to repel each other 排斥, 斥力（如磁极的）. Cf 参看 attraction.

repulsive
[ri5pQlsiv; ri5pQlsiv] adj 1 causing a feeling of loathing or aversion; disgusting 令人厌恶的; 使人反感的; 讨厌的: * a repulsive sight, smell, person 使人厌恶的情景、 气味、 人 * Picking your nose is a repulsive habit. 挖鼻孔这种习惯很讨厌. * The sight of him is repulsive to me. 我一看见他就十分反感. 2 (physics 物) causing repulsion(2); repelling 排斥的; 斥力的: * repulsive forces 斥力. 派生： repulsively adv in a repulsive manner 令人厌恶地; 排斥地: repulsively ugly 丑陋得令人厌恶. repulsiveness n [U].

reputable
[5repjutEbl; 5repjEtEbl] adj having a good reputation; respected or trustworthy 声誉好的; 有名望的; 受尊敬的; 值得信赖的: * a highly reputable firm, shop, accountant 有名气的公司、 商店、 会计. > reputably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv.

reputation
[7repju'teiFn; 7repjE'teFEn] n [U, C] ~ (for sth) what is generally said or believed about the abilities, qualities, etc of sb/sth 名声; 名誉; 名气: * a school with an excellent, enviable, fine, etc reputation 享有盛誉的学校 * a good/bad reputation as a doctor 医疗信誉好[坏] * have a reputation for laziness/for being lazy 以懒惰出名 * compromise, ruin sb's reputation 损害、 败坏某人的名誉 * establish, build up, make a reputation (for oneself) （为自己）树立声誉, 博得名声 * live up to one's reputation, ie behave, perform, etc as one is expected to 不负盛名（行为、 表现等与声誉相符）.

repute
[ri5pju:t; ri5pjut] v (idm 习语) be reputed as/to be sb/sth be generally said or considered to be sb/sth 普遍称为或当作是某人[某事物]: * He is reputed as/to be the best surgeon in Paris. 他是公认的巴黎最好的外科医生. * She is reputed to be very wealthy. 大家说她很富有. 派生： repute n (fml 文) 1 [U] reputation 名声; 名誉; 名气: know sb only by repute 对某人仅闻其名声 * an inn of good/evil repute 名声好的[坏的]小旅馆 * He has little repute as an academic. 他是个名不见经传的大学教师. 2 (idm 习语) of repute (fml 文) having a good reputation 名声好的: wines of repute 名酒 * a doctor of repute 名医. reputed adj [attrib 作定语] generally said or considered to be sth/sb (but with some element of doubt) 一般人所谓的, 普遍认为的（略含怀疑成分）: the reputed father of the child 据说是那孩子的父亲的人 * her reputed learning 她那所谓不错的学问. reputedly adv.

request
[ri5kwest; ri5kwest] n 1 ~ (for sth/that...) (a) act of asking for sth in speech or writing, esp politely （口头或书面的）要求; （尤指）请求: * make repeated requests for help 一再请求帮助 * your request that I should destroy the letter 你要求我销毁那封信一事. (b) thing asked for in this way 要求或请求的事物: * Your requests will be granted. 你的请求能够获准. * [attrib 作定语] a request programme, show, etc, ie in which music is played that has been requested by listeners 点播的节目、 演出等. 2 (idm 习语) at sb's request/at the request of sb because of sb's wish 应某人之请求; 鉴於某人之请求: * I came at your (special) request. 我是（特别）应你要求而来的. by request (of sb) in response to a request (from sb) 应（某人的）请求; 经（某人之）要求: * By popular request, the chairman was re-elected. 徇众要求, 主席获重选连任. on re`quest when asked for 一经要求: * Catalogues are available on request. 备有目录供索取. 派生： request v [Tn, Tn.pr, Tf, Dn.t] ~ sth (from/of sb) (fml 文) ask sb, esp politely, in speech or writing to do sth （以口头或书面形式）要求, （尤指）请求某人做某事: request compliance with the rules, eg on a notice 请遵守规则（如告示用语） * All I requested of you was that you came early. 我只要求你早点来. * I requested him to help. 我请求他帮忙. * You are (kindly) requested not to smoke. 请不要吸烟. =>Usage at ask 用法见ask. 复合： re`quest stop (Brit) place where buses will only stop if a passenger signals （公共汽车的）招手即停车站.

requiem
[5rekwiEm; 5rekwiEm] n (a) (also requiem `mass) special mass for the repose of the soul of a dead person （为死者举行的）安魂弥撒, 追思弥撒. (b) musical setting for this 安魂弥撒曲.

require
[ri5kwaiE(r); ri5kwair] v (not used in the continuous tenses 不用於进行时态) 1 [Tn, Tf, Tnt, Tg] depend on (sb/sth) for success, fulfilment, etc; need 有赖於（某人[某事物]）; 需要: * We require extra help. 我们需要额外的帮助. * The situation requires that I should be there. 情况需要我在那里. * The manuscript requires an expert to understand it. 这份手稿只有专家才看得懂. * All cars require servicing regularly. 所有汽车都需要定期检修. 2 [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: * Tn, Tn.pr, Tf, Dn.t] ~ sth (of sb) (fml 文) order or command (sth), esp from a position of authority 命令或指示（某事物）: * I have done all that is required by law. 我已按照法律规定把一切做好. * It is required (of me) that I give evidence. 要求我提供证据. * Civil Servants are required to sign the Official Secrets Act. 公务员须签署遵守公务保密条例. 3 [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: * Tn, Tn.pr] demand (sth) as being obligatory; stipulate （强制性地）要求（某事物）; 规定: * Hamlet is required reading (ie must be read) for the course. 《哈姆雷特》为本课程指定读物. * You must satisfy the required conditions to get your voucher. 必须具备所需条件方可获发凭证. * He only did what was required (of him). 他只是照章办事. 4 [Tn] (fml 文) wish to have 想要: * Will you require tea? 你要茶吗? * Is that all that you require, sir? 先生, 您还要别的吗? 派生： requirement n (esp pl 尤作复数) 1 thing depended on or needed 依赖的或需要的事物: Our immediate requirement is extra staff. 我们亟需增加工作人员. * stock surplus to requirements, ie more than is needed 超过需要的存货 * Our latest model should meet your requirements exactly, ie be just what you want. 我们的最新型号包你满意. 2 thing ordered or demanded 规定的或要求的事物: Not all foreign visitors satisfy/fulfil legal entry requirements. 并非所有外宾均符合入境规定.

requisite
[5rekwizit; 5rekwEzit] adj [attrib 作定语] (fml 文) required by circumstances or necessary for success （情况）需要的; （成功）必要的: * Have you the requisite visa to enter Canada? 你有进入加拿大必备的签证吗? * have/lack the requisite capital to start a business 有[没有]创业所需的资金. 派生： requisite n ~ (for sth) thing needed for a purpose 必需的事物: toilet requisites, eg soap, perfume, etc 梳妆用品（如肥皂、 香水等） * We supply every requisite for travel/all travelling requisites. 本处供应旅行必备的一切用品.

requisition
[7rekwi'ziFn; 7rekwE'ziFEn] n 1 [C] ~ (on sb) (for sth) official, usu written, demand for (esp) the use of property or materials by an army in wartime or by certain people in an emergency 正式要求; （尤指军队）徵用; （通常指）徵用文书: * make a requisition on headquarters for supplies 向司令部申请补给品. 2 [U] action of demanding in this way 正式要求; 徵用: * The farm was in/under constant requisition as a base for the rescue team. 这农场一再徵用作救援队的活动基地. * [attrib 作定语] a requisition form, order, etc 徵用单、 徵用令. 派生： requisition v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.n/a] ~ sth (from sb); ~ sth as sth demand (the use of sth) by a requisition 正式要求（使用某物）; 徵用: requisition billets, blankets, horses (from the villagers) （向村民）徵用部队用的住房、 毯子、 马 * The town hall was requisitioned as army headquarters. 市政厅徵用作了军队的指挥部. 2 [Tn.pr, Tnt] ~ sb (for sth) command sb officially to do sth 命令或指示某人做某事: requisition the villagers for billets/to provide billets 命令村民为部队提供住房.

requite
[ri5kwait; ri5kwait] v [Tn, Tn.pr] (fml 文) 1 ~ sth (with sth) give sth in return for sth else; repay sth 回报; 报答某事物: * Will she ever requite my love? 她会回报我对她的爱吗? * The Queen requited his services with a knighthood. 女王为表彰他的贡献封他为爵士. 2 ~ sb (for sth) take vengeance on sb 向某人报复; 报仇: * requite sb for wrongs, evils, etc 向某人报怨、 报仇等 * requite him for the injury he has done me 因他伤害了我而向他报复. 派生： requital[-tl; -tl] n [U] (fml 文) 1 repayment 回报或报答: * the requital of her love 对她的爱的回报 * make full requital to sb for his help 因得到某人的帮助而给予厚礼回报. 2 revenge 报复; 报仇.

rerun
[7ri:'rQn; ri5rQn] v (-nn-; pt reran, pp rerun) [Tn] 1 show (a cinema or television film), broadcast (a programme) or play (a tape) again 重映, 重播, 重放（影片、 电视片、 广播节目、 录音或录像）. 2 run (a race) again 重新举行（赛跑或赛马等）. 派生： rerun[5ri:rQn; 5rirQn] n film or programme that is shown or broadcast again; repeat （影片或节目的）重映, 重放, 重播: * a rerun of a popular play, series, etc 受欢迎的戏剧之重演、 系列节目之重播等 * (fig 比喻) We don't want a rerun of Monday's fiasco. 我们可别让星期一的惨败重演.

resale
[5ri:seil, ri:'seil; 5ri7sel, ri5sel] n [U] sale to another person of sth that one has bought 转卖; 转售: * a house up for resale 准备转卖的房子.

rescind
[ri5sind; ri5sind] v [Tn] (law 律) cancel or repeal (a law, contract, etc); annul 取消, 废除或撤消（法规、 合同等）; 废止: * rescind an agreement, order, act, etc 废除协定、 收回成命、 撤消法案.

rescue
[5reskju:; 5reskju] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (from sth/sb) save or bring away sb/sth from danger, captivity, etc （从危险、 囚禁等中）搭救或救出某人[某物]: * Police rescued the hostages. 警方救出了人质. * rescue a man from drowning, attack, bankruptcy 援救一男子使之免遭溺毙、 攻击、 破产 * (fig 比喻) rescue sb's name from oblivion, ie prevent him from being forgotten 使某人名声长在 * You rescued me from an embarrassing situation. 是你给我解了围. 派生： rescue n 1 [U] rescuing or being rescued 搭救; 解救; 援救: [attrib 作定语] a rescue party, bid, operation 救援队、 叫牌、 行动. 2 [C] instance of this 搭救; 解救; 援救: an attempt at a rescue 一次营救行动. 3 (idm 习语) come/go to the/sb's `rescue rescue or help sb 援救或帮助某人: A wealthy sponsor came to our rescue with a generous donation. 有个富有的赞助人慷慨捐赠来解救我们. rescuer n.

research
[ri5sE:tF, 'ri:sE:tF; ri5sEtF, 'risEtF] n [U] (also researches [pl] ~ (into/on sth); ~ (on sb) careful study or investigation, esp in order to discover new facts or information 研究; 探讨; 调查: * medical, scientific, historical, etc research 医学、 科学、 历史等研究 * a startling piece of research into the causes of cancer/on cancer 研究致癌[癌症]的一项惊人成果 * be engaged in, carry out, do research 从事、 进行、 作研究 * (infml 口) My researches into adventure holidays were very fruitful. 我在琢磨让假期过得有刺激性, 在这一点上已大有收获. * [attrib 作定语] a research worker, grant, degree 研究人员、 经费、 学位. 派生： research/ri5sE:tF; ri5sEtF] v [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (into/on sth); ~ (on sb) do research on (sth/sb) 对（某事物[某人]）进行研究、 探讨或调查: * researching into/on the spread of AIDS 研究艾滋病的传播 * The subject has already been fully researched. 这个课题已进行过充分的研究. * a well-researched book 研究得很透彻的书. researcher n.

reseat
[7ri:'si:t; ri5sit] v [Tn] 1 supply (sth) with a new seat 给（某物）装设新座: * reseat a cane chair 换 椅的座. 2 place (sb/oneself) on a seat again, or on a new seat 使（某人[自己]）重新就座或坐在新座位上: * reseat oneself more comfortably 换个更舒服的座位坐下.

resell
[7ri:'sel; ri5sel] v (-ll-; pt, pp resold[7ri:'sEuld; ri5sold] ) [Tn] sell (sth one has bought) to another person 转卖（某物）: * resell the goods at a profit 转卖货物赢利.

resemble
[ri5zembl; ri5zembl] v [no passive 不用於被动语态: * Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (in sth) (not used in the continuous tenses 不用於进行时态) be like or similar to (another person or thing) 与（他人或他物）相似; 像...: * a small object resembling a pin 像大头针的小物件 * She resembles her brother in looks. 她和她弟弟长得很像. 派生： resemblance/ri5zemblEns; ri5zemblEns] n [C, U] ~ (to sb/sth); ~ (between A and B) (instance of) likeness or similarity 相似; 相像: * a marked, strong, notable, faint resemblance 明显的、 显着的、 能觉察出的、 略微的相似之处 * There is a degree of resemblance between the two boys. 这两个男孩有某些相似之处. * Your story bears/has/shows little or no resemblance to the facts. 你说的与事实相去甚远, 或谓根本不符.

resent
[ri5zent; ri5zent] v [Tn, Tg, Tsg] feel bitter, indignant or angry about (sth hurtful, insulting, etc) （因受到伤害、 侮辱等）对（某事物）感到愤恨、 怨恨或气愤: * I bitterly resent your criticism. 我对你批评我的话十分反感. * Does she resent my being here? 她讨厌我呆在这里吗? 派生： resentful[-fl; -fl] adj feeling or showing resentment感到或表示愤恨的; 憎恨的: * a resentful silence, stare, comment 充满怨恨的沉默、 凝视、 评语 * He was deeply resentful of/at her interference. 他非常讨厌她从中干预. resentfully[-fEli; -fEli] adv. resentfulness n [U]. resentment n [U, sing] (act of) resenting sb/sth 愤恨; 怨恨: bear, feel, show, etc no resentment against/towards anyone 对任何人均无怨恨 * a deep-seated resentment at/of/over the way one has been treated 因受到如此对待而深怀怨恨.

reservation
[7rezE'veiFn; 7rezl'veFEn] n 1 [C] reserved seat or accommodation, etc; record of this 保留的座位、 住处等; （座位、 住处等的）预订: * a coach, hotel reservation 预订的客车座位、 旅馆房间 * make, hold reservations (in the name of T Hill) （以T．希尔的名字）预订. Cf 参看 booking (book2). 2 [U, C esp pl 作不可数名词或可数名词, 後者尤作复数] spoken or unspoken limitation which prevents one's agreement with a plan, acceptance of an idea, etc 保留意见; 保留态度: * I support this measure without reservation, ie completely, wholeheartedly. 我毫无保留地支持这一措施. * express certain (mental) reservations about an offer 对某项提议表示（有）一定的保留意见 * I have my reservations (ie doubts) about his ability to do the job. 我对於他做该项工作的能力持保留看法（怀疑他能否胜任）. 3 [C] (Brit) strip of land between the two carriageways of a road 道路中央双向交通的分隔带: * the central reservation 路中双向交通分隔带. 4 [C] area of land reserved in the US for occupation by an Indian tribe （美国印第安部落的）居留地.

reserve
1[ri5zE:v; ri5zEv] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (for sb/sth) 1 put aside or keep sth for a later occasion or special use 保留或储备某物: * Reserve your strength for the climb. 留点力气准备攀登吧. * These seats are reserved for special guests. 这些座位是留给贵宾的. 2 have or keep (a specified power); retain 具有或保持（某种权利）; 保留: * The management reserves the right to refuse admission. 资方有权拒绝接纳. * (law 律) All rights reserved, eg for the publisher of the book, record, etc. 版权所有. 3 order or set aside (seats, accommodation, etc) for use by a particular person at a future time; book 预订或保留（座位、 住处等）; 订购: * reserve tickets, rooms, couchettes 预订票、 房间、 卧 * reserve a table for two in the name of Hill 以希尔的名字预订一个双座的桌位 * Is your holiday a reserved booking, sir? 先生, 您来度假办理预订手续了吗? 4 (idm 习语) reserve (one's) `judgment (on sb/sth) (fml 文) delay giving an opinion, eg until the matter has become clearer 暂不表态（如有待事情明朗化）.

reserved
[ri5zE:vd; ri5zEvd] adj (of a person or his character) slow to show feelings or express opinions（指人或性格）矜持的, 寡言的, 内向的: * a reserved disposition, manner, etc 矜持的性格、 态度等. Cf 参看 communicative. > reservedness/ri5zE:vidnis; ri5zEvidnis] n [U].

reservoir
[5rezEvwa:(r); 5rezl7vwar] n 1 natural or artificial lake used as a source or store of water for a town, etc （天然的或人工的）水库, 蓄水池. 2 ~ of sth (fig 比喻) large supply or collection of sth 储藏; 汇集: * a reservoir of information, facts, knowledge, etc 信息、 事实、 知识等的蓄积 * The show is a veritable reservoir of new talent. 这次演出真是新秀荟萃.

reset
[7ri:'set; ri5set] v (-tt-; pt, pp reset) [Tn] 1 (a) place (sth) in position again 重新安放或安置（某物）: * reset a diamond in a ring 在戒指上重镶钻石 * reset a broken bone 重接断骨 * reset type, ie in printing 重新排版. (b) place (the indicator of a measuring instrument) in a new position 重拨（测量仪器指针）: * reset one's watch to local time 把手表调到当地时间 * reset a dial, gauge, control, etc at zero 把刻度盘、 仪表、 控制器指针拨回至零位. 2 devise a new set of questions for (an exam, a test, etc) 为（考试、 测试等）出一套新题.

resettle
[7ri:'setl; ri5setl] v (a) [I, Tn] help (esp refugees) to settle again in a new country 帮助（尤指难民）定居他国: * resettle refugees in Canada 帮助难民定居加拿大. (b) [Tn] cause (land, a country, etc) to be inhabited again 使（土地、 地区等）重新成为定居点: * resettle an island 使岛上重新有人住. > resettlement n [U]: * [attrib 作定语] a government resettlement programme 政府重新安置居民的计画.

reshuffle
[7ri:'FQfl; ri5FQfl] v 1 [Tn] interchange the posts or responsibilities of (a group of people) 对（某集体）作岗位或职责的调整; 改组（某团体）. 2 [I, Tn] shuffle (playing-cards) again 重新洗（牌）. 派生： `reshuffle n [C] act of reshuffling (esp a political team) 改组（尤指政治组织的）: carry out a Cabinet reshuffle 进行内阁改组.

reside
[ri5zaid; ri5zaid] v [I, Ipr] (fml 文) 1 ~ (in/at...) have one's home (in a certain place); live 定居（於某处）; 居住: * reside abroad 定居国外 * reside at 10 Elm Terrace 住在埃尔姆街10号 * reside in college 住在校内. 2 (phr v) reside in sb/sth (of power, rights, etc) be present or vested in sb/sth （指权力、 权利等）归於或属於某人[某事物]: * Supreme authority resides in the President/State. 最高权力属於总统[国家].

residence
[5rezidEns; 5rezEdEns] n (fml 文) 1 [C] (a) house, esp a large or impressive one 房子; （尤指）大宅, 宅邸, 官邸: * 10 Downing Street is the British Prime Minister's official residence. 唐宁街10号是英国首相的官邸. (b) (esp as used by house-agents) house （尤作房屋经纪人用语）房子, 住宅: * a desirable country, family, Georgian, etc residence for sale 理想的乡间、 家居、 乔治王朝时期风格等住宅待售. 2 [U] (a) process of residing 居住: * hall of residence, eg for university students宿舍楼（如大学生的） * take up (one's) residence (ie go and live) in college 住校. (b) period of residing 居留期间: * Foreign visitors are only allowed one month's residence. 外国访客只准逗留一个月. 3 (idm 习语) in `residence living in a specified place because of one's work or duties （因工作或职责关系）驻於某处: * The royal standard flies when the Queen is in residence. 女王的王宫及驻跸处均有王旗为识. * Students must remain in residence during term. 学生於学期中必须住校. * writer, artist, etc in residence, eg at a college or in a community, etc which pays him to work there for a period of time 常驻作家、 艺术家等（如驻在学校、 社区等处者, 为驻地服务获酬）.

resident
[5rezidEnt; 5rezEdEnt] n 1 person who lives or has a home in a place, not a visitor 居民（非来访者）: * a (local) residents' association （本地）居民联合会. 2 (in a hotel) person staying overnight （旅馆的）住宿者: * Restaurant open to non-residents. 餐厅对非住宿者开放. 3 (US also resident physician) doctor living at a hospital where he is receiving advanced training 住院医生. 派生： resident adj having a home in a place; residing 定居的; 常驻的: the town's resident population, ie not tourists or visitors 该城居民人口（不包括游客或来访者） * be resident abroad/in the UK 常驻国外[英国] * (joc 谑) Stanley is our resident crossword fanatic. 斯坦利是我们中间的填纵横字谜的游戏迷.

residential
[7rezi'denFl; 7rezE'denFEl] adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] 1 containing or suitable for private houses 住宅的; 适於作住宅的: * a residential area, suburb, district, etc, ie one having no offices, factories, etc 住宅区、 近郊住宅区等. 2 connected with or based on residence 与居住有关的: * I often go on residential summer courses. 我经常去学习必须住校的暑期课程. * residential qualifications for voters, ie requiring that they should reside in the constituency 选民须为选区居民之资格.

residue
[5rezidju:; - -du:; 5rezE7du] n (usu sing 通常作单数) ~ (of sth) 1 what remains after a part or quantity is taken or used 剩馀物; 残馀. 2 (law 律) part of an estate remaining after all debts, charges, bequests, etc have been settled （扣除债款、 各种费用、 遗赠等之後的）剩馀遗产. =>Usage at rest3 用法见rest3. 派生： residual/ri5zidjuEl; - -dVu-; ri5zidVuEl] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] left over as a residue(1); remaining （作为剩馀物）存留下来的; 剩馀的; 残馀的: * residual chalk deposits, ie left after rocks have been eroded 残馀白垩沉积（岩石经侵蚀後的） * a few residual faults in the computer program 计算机程序中的少许残留误差. residuary/ri5zidjuEri; - -dVueri; ri5zidVu7eri] adj 1 of a residue(1); residual 剩馀物的; 残馀的. 2 (law 律) of the residue(2) of an estate 剩馀遗产的: * a residuary legatee, clause, bequest 剩馀遗产的承受人、 条款、 遗赠.

resign
[ri5zain; ri5zain] v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (from sth) give up (one's job, position, etc) 放弃或辞去（工作、 职位等）; 辞职: * The Minister resigned (from office). 那部长辞职了. * She resigned her directorship and left the firm. 她放弃了董事职务, 离开了公司. * resign (one's post) as chairman 辞去主席职务. Cf 参看 retire 1. 2 (phr v) resign oneself to sth/doing sth be ready to accept and endure sth as inevitable 听任; 顺从: * be resigned to one's fate 听天由命 * The team refused to resign themselves to defeat/to being defeated. 该队不甘失败. 派生： resigned adj 1 [attrib 作定语] having or showing patient acceptance of sth unwelcome or unpleasant 听任的; 顺从的; 逆来顺受的: a resigned look, smile, gesture 表示顺从的脸色、 微笑、 姿势. 2 (idm 习语) be, etc resigned to sth/doing sth be ready to endure or tolerate sth 准备忍受或容忍某事物; 甘心情愿: She seems resigned to not having a holiday this year. 她对今年不休假似乎并无怨言. resignedly[-nidli; -nidli] adv in a resigned manner 顺从地; 听之任之.

resignation
[7rezig'neiFn; 7rezig'neFEn] n 1 ~ (from sth) (a) [C, U] (instance of) resigning （职务等的）放弃; 辞职: * Further resignations are expected. 预料还会有人辞职. * He is considering resignation (from the Board). 他正考虑辞去（委员会中的）职务. (b) [C] letter, etc to one's employers stating one's wish to resign 辞呈: * offer, tender, send in, give in, hand in one's resignation 提交辞呈 * We haven't yet received his resignation. 我们尚未收到他的辞呈. 2 [U] patient acceptance or endurance 听任; 顺从: * accept failure with resignation 情愿承认失败.

resilient
[ri5ziliEnt; ri5ziliEnt] adj 1 (of an object or material) springing back to its original form after being bent, stretched, crushed, etc; springy （指物体或材料）能复原的, 弹性的, 有弹力的. 2 (of a person or character) quickly recovering from shock or depression; buoyant （指人或性格）能迅速恢复或重新振作的, 达观的, 适应性强的: * physically/mentally resilient 肉体上[精神上]迅速复原的 * She is very resilient to change. 她对变化有很强的适应力. 派生： resilience[-Ens; -Ens] (also resiliency[-nsi;-nsi] ) n [U] 1 quality of being springy 弹性; 弹力; 迅速恢复的能力; 适应性: * an alloy combining strength and resilience 既有强度又有弹性的合金. 2 (of people) quality of being buoyant （指人）乐观的性情: * Her natural resilience helped her overcome the crisis. 她生性乐观有助於她渡过难关. resiliently adv.

resin
[5rezin; - 'rezn; 5rezn] n [C, U] 1 sticky substance that oozes esp from fir and pine trees and is used in making varnish, medicine, etc 树脂（尤指冷杉树脂和松脂）. 2 similar substance made synthetically, used as a plastic or in making plastics 合成树脂. 派生： resinous[5rezinEs; - 'rezEnEs; 5reznEs] adj of or like resin （似）树脂的.

resist
[ri5zist; ri5zist] v 1 [I, Tn] use force in order to prevent sth happening or being successful; oppose 使用武力以阻止某事物发生或取得成功; 抵抗; 对抗: * He could resist no longer. 他再也抵抗不住了. * resist an enemy, attack 抵抗敌人、 进攻 * He was charged with resisting arrest. 他被控拒捕. 2 [I, Tn] regard (a plan, an idea, etc) unfavourably 抵制, 抗拒（计画、 主张等）: * resist the call for reform 抗拒实行改革的号召. 3 [Tn] be undamaged or unaffected by (sth) 不受（某事物）的损害或影响; 抗; 耐: * ovenware, glass, etc that resists heat 耐热的烤箱器皿、 玻璃等 * resist corrosion, damp, frost, disease 抗腐蚀、 防潮、 防霜冻、 防病. 4 [Tn, Tg] succeed in not yielding to (sth/sb) 不屈从（某事物[某人]）; 经得住: * resist temptation, chocolate 经得起诱惑、 忍住不吃巧克力 * Jill couldn't resist making jokes about his baldness. 吉尔忍不住拿他的秃顶开玩笑. 派生： resister n person who resists 抵抗者; 对抗者: passive resisters 消极抵抗者. resistible adj that can be resisted 可抵抗的; 可抗拒的.

resistant
[ri5zistEnt; ri5zistEnt] adj ~ (to sth) offering resistance 抵抗的; 对抗的; 抗拒的; 有阻力的: * insects that have become resistant to DDT 对滴滴涕已有抗药性的昆虫 * a resistant strain of virus 病毒抵抗株 * be resistant to change 抗拒变革. > -resistant (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词): * `water-/`heat-/`rust-resistant.

resistor
[ri5zistE(r); ri5zistl] n device providing resistanceto electric current in a circuit 电阻器.

resit
[7ri:'sit; ri5sit] v (-tt-; pt, pp resat) [Tn] (Brit) sit (an examination or test) again, usu after failing 再行（考试或测验）; （通常指）补考. 派生： resit[5ri:sit; 5risit] n second, etc sitting (of an examination or test) 重考; 补考: * candidates for the September resit 参加九月份补考的考生.

resolute
[5rezElu:t; 5rezE7lut] adj ~ (in sth) having or showing great determination or firmness 坚决的; 坚定的; 有决心的: * a resolute refusal, approach, measure 断然的拒绝、 坚决的手段、 果断的措施 * be resolute in one's demands for peace 坚决要求和平. > resolutely adv. resoluteness n [U].

resolution
[7rezE'lu:Fn; 7rezE'luFEn] n 1 [U] quality of being resolute or firm; determination 坚决; 坚定; 坚毅: * show great resolution 表现得十分坚定 * a man lacking in resolution 缺乏毅力的人 * His speech ended on a note of resolution. 他演讲结束时语调很坚决. 2 [C] decision or mental pledge to do or not to do sth; resolve 决定;决心: * make, keep good resolutions 下定决心 * her resolution never to marry 她永远不嫁的决心 * New Year resolutions, eg not to smoke in the new year ahead 新年伊始下的决心（如来年戒烟）. 3 [C] formal statement of opinion agreed on by a committee or assembly, esp by means of a vote 正式决定; 决议: * pass, carry, adopt, reject a resolution 通过、 赞同、 采纳、 否决一决议 * a resolution in favour of/demanding better conditions 赞成[要求]改善环境的决议 * a resolution that conditions should be improved 改善环境的决议. 4 [U] (fml 文) solution 解决; 解答: * the resolution of a problem, question, difficulty, doubt, etc 难题、 问题、 困难、 疑问等的解决. 5 [U] ~ (into sth) process of separating sth or being separated into constituent parts 分解; 解析: * the resolution of white light into the colours of the spectrum 将白色的光分解成光谱的各种颜色.

resolve
[ri5zClv; ri5zalv] v (fml 文) 1 [Ipr, Tf, Tt] ~ on/upon/against sth/doing sth decide firmly; determine 决定; 决心: * He resolved on/against (making) an early start. 他决定[反对]尽早出发. * She resolved that she would never see him again/never to see him again. 她决心不再见他. 2 [Tf, Tt] (of a committee or assembly) make a decision by a formal vote （指委员会或集会）表决: * The senate resolved that... 参议院决议如下... * The union resolved to strike by 36 votes to 15. 工会以36票对15票通过决议举行罢工. 3 [Tn] solve or settle (problems, doubts, etc) 解决（问题、 疑问等）: * resolve an argument, a difficulty, a crisis 解决争端、 困难、 危机 * Her arrival did little to resolve the situation. 她来後也未能解决什麽问题. 4 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (into sth) separate (sth) into constituent parts 分解或解析（某物）: * resolve a complex argument into its basic elements 将复杂的论证内容分为若干要点 * the resolving power of a lens, ie its ability to magnify things distinctly 透镜的解像能力. 派生： resolvable adj that can be solved or settled 可解决的; 可解答的. resolve n (fml 文) 1 [C] thing one has decided to do; resolution(2) 决定要做的事; 决定; 决心: make a resolve not to smoke 决定不吸烟 * show, keep, break one's resolve 表现出、 持有、 改变决心. 2 [U] firmness ordetermination; resolution(1) 坚决; 坚定; 坚毅: be strong/weak in one's resolve 很[不]坚决 * His opposition served only to strengthen our resolve. 他一反对反而增强了我们的决心. resolved adj [pred 作表语] (of a person) resolute or determined （指人）下定决心, 坚定: I was fully/firmly resolved to see him. 我打定主意要去见他.

resonant
[5rezEnEnt; 5rezEnEnt] adj 1 (of sound) continuing to echo; resounding （指声音）回响的, 回荡的, 洪亮的: * deep resonant notes, voices 深沉而洪亮的声调、 声音. 2 (of rooms, bodies, etc) tending to prolong sounds, esp by vibration （指房间、 物体等）激起回响的, 引起共鸣的, 产生共振的: * a resonant hall 产生共鸣的大厅 * the resonant body of a guitar 吉他的共鸣腔. 3 ~ with sth (of places) resounding or echoing with sth （指处所）产生某种回响的, 回荡着某种声音的: * Alpine valleys resonant with the sound of church bells. 回荡着教堂钟声的阿尔卑斯山谷. 派生： resonance[-Ens; -Ens] n [U] quality of being resonant 回响; 回荡; 洪亮; 共鸣; 共振. resonantly adv. resonate[5rezEneit; 5rezE7net] v [I] produce or show resonance 使起回声、 共鸣或共振; 产生回响、 共鸣或共振. resonator[-tE(r); -tl] n appliance or system for giving resonance to sound 共鸣器; 共鸣腔; 共振器; 谐振腔.

resort
[ri5zC:t; ri5zCrt] v [Ipr] 1 ~ to sth make use of sth for help; adopt sth as an expedient 求助於或诉诸某事物; 采取某手段或方法应急或作为对策: * If negotiations fail we shall have to resort to strike action. 假若谈判失败, 我们就采取罢工行动. * resort to violence, deception, trickery, etc 靠暴力、 欺骗、 欺诈等. 2 [Tn] (fml 文) visit (a place) frequently or habitually; frequent 常去, 常到（某处）: * The police watched the bars which he was known to resort. 警方监视着他常去的酒吧. 派生： resort n 1 [C] person or thing that is turned to for help; expedient 可求助的人或事物; 采取的应急手段或对策: Our only resort is to inform the police. 我们唯一的办法就是向警方报案. 2 [U] ~ to sth resorting to sth 求助; 诉诸; 采取; 凭靠: talk calmly, without resort to threats 心平气和地说, 不取威胁手段. 3 [C] (a) popular holiday centre 度假胜地: seaside, skiing, health, etc resorts 海滨、 滑雪、 休养等度假胜地 * Brighton is a leading south coast resort. 布赖顿是南部地区最着名的海滨胜地. (b) (US) hotel or guest-house for holiday-makers 专门接待度假者的旅店或宾馆. 4 (idm 习语)a/one's last resort => last1. in the last resort => last1.

resound
[ri5zaund; ri5zaund] v 1 [I, Ipr] (a) ~ (through/throughout sth) (of a sound, voice, etc) fill a place with sound; produce echoes （指声音等）回荡於某处, 产生回响: * The organ resounded (through the church). 风琴的声音（在教堂里）回荡着. (b) ~ (with sth) (of a place) be filled with sound; echo （指某处）回荡着声音, 回响: * The hall resounded with applause. 大厅里回荡着掌声. 2 [Ipr] ~ (throughout sth) (fig 比喻) (of fame, an event, etc) be much talked of; spread far and wide （指名声、 事件等）被广为传颂, 广泛传播: * Her name resounded throughout Europe. 她名扬全欧洲. Cf 参看 reverberate. 派生： resounding adj [attrib 作定语] 1 sounding orechoing loudly 鸣响的; 回响的; 回荡的; 响亮的: resoundingcheers, shouts, laughs 响亮的欢呼声、 叫声、 笑声. 2 (of an event, etc) notable; famous （指事件等）令人瞩目的, 闻名的: win a resounding victory 获得大胜 * The film was/scored a resounding success. 那部电影十分成功. resoundingly adv.

resource
[ri5sC:s, also -'zC:s; - 'ri:sC:rs; 5risCrs] n 1 [C usu pl 通常作复数] supply of raw materials, etc which bring a country, person, etc wealth 资源: * rich in natural, mineral, agricultural, etc resources 自然的、 矿产的、 农业的...资源丰富 * The mortgage is a drain on our financial resources. 偿还抵押借款是我们财务上的一大负担. * We agreed to pool our resources, ie available assets. 我们同意共用我们现成的资产. * Is there any resource that we have left untapped? 还有什麽资源我们尚未发掘吗? 2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] thing that can be turned to for help, support or consolation when needed 必要时可给予帮助、 支持或安慰的事物: * He has no inner resources and hates being alone. 他没有内在的精神寄托, 因而害怕孤独. * An only child is often left to his own resources, ie left to amuse himself. 独生子女往往要自寻乐趣. * [attrib 作定语] a resource file, room, eg containing materials for teachers 资料库、 室（如供教师使用者）. 3 [U] (fml 文) ingenuity or quick wit; initiative 才智; 机敏; 创造精神: * a man of great resource 足智多谋的男子. 派生： resourceful[-fl; -fEl] adj clever at finding ways of doing things 善於随机应变的; 机敏的; 办法多的. resourcefully[-fEli; -fEli] adv. resourcefulness n [U].

respect
1[ri5spekt; ri5spekt] n 1 [U] ~ (for sb/sth) admiration felt or shown for a person or thing that has good qualities or achievements; regard 尊敬; 敬重; 钦敬: * a mark, token, etc of respect 尊敬的标志、 表示等 * have a deep, sincere, etc respect for sb 深深地、 由衷地...敬重某人 * I have the greatest respect for you/hold you in the greatest respect. 我非常尊敬您. * The new officer soon won/earned the respect of his men. 那新来的军官很快博得了士兵的钦敬. 2 [U] ~ (for sb/sth) politeness or consideration arising from admiration or regard 尊敬之表示; 尊重之情: * Children should show respect for their teachers. 学生要尊敬老师. * Out of respect, he took off his hat. 他脱帽以示敬意. * have some, little, no, etc respect for sb's feelings 相当、 不太、 毫不...尊重某人的感情 * With (all due) respect, sir, I disagree. 先生, 恕我直言, 我不能同意. 3 [U] ~ (for sb/sth) protection or recognition 维护; 承认; 尊重: * very little respect for human rights 极不尊重人权. 4 [C] particular aspect or detail 方面; 着眼点: * in this one respect 在这一点上 * in some/all/many/several/few respects 在某些[各个/许多/几个/极少]方面 * In what respect do you think the film is biased? 你认为影片在哪一方面失之偏颇? 5 (idm 习语) in respect of sth (fml or commerce 文或商) as regards sth; with special reference to sth 关於某事物; 就某方面而言: * The book is admirable in respect of style. 这本书风格极佳. * price rises in respect of gas and water costs 煤气费和水费涨价. with respect to sth (fml or commerce 文或商) concerning sth 涉及、 提到或关於某事物: * This is true with respect to English but not to French. 这一点在英语属实而在法语则不同. * With respect to your enquiry, I enclose an explanatory leaflet. 关於你的询问, 兹附上有关说明资料. 派生： respects n [pl]

respect1
(fml 文) 1 polite greetings 敬意; 问候: Give/send/offer him my respects. 代我向他致意. 2 (idm 习语) pay one's respects => pay2.

respectable
[ri5spektEbl; ri5spektEbl] adj 1 of acceptable social position; decent and proper in appearance or behaviour 体面的; 有身分的; 正派的; 值得尊敬的: * a respectable married couple 一对值得尊敬的夫妻 * a respectable middle-class background, upbringing, etc 体面的中产阶级的出身、 正派人所受的教养 * She looked perfectly respectable in her bathrobe at breakfast. 她用早餐时穿着浴衣, 真够风雅的. * (ironic 反语) He's a bit too respectable (ie staid and conventional) for my tastes. 他老成持重未免过分, 我可不欣赏. 2 of a moderately good standard or size, etc; not bringing disgrace or embarrassment 达到一定标准或规模的; 不丢脸的: * There was quite a respectable crowd at the match on Saturday. 星期六观看比赛的人相当多. * 20000 is a very respectable salary. 20000英镑的薪金是非常可观的. * Hunt jumped a respectable round although his horse was unfit. 亨特的马状态欠佳, 但他纵马跳障碍这一轮还算不错. 派生：respectability/ri7spektE'bilEti; ri7spektE'bilEti] n [U] quality of being socially respectable; decency 名望; 体面; 得体. respectably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv in a respectable manner 体面地; 得体地; 可敬地; 相当地: * respectably dressed, behaved, spoken, etc 衣着、 举止、 言语等得体的.

respectful
[ri5spektfl; ri5spektfEl] adj ~ (to/towards sb); ~ (of sth) feeling or showing respect 恭敬的;表示尊敬或尊重的: * listen in respectful silence 必恭必敬地静听着 * stand at a respectful distance 表示尊敬地保持距离站着 * respectful of other people's opinions尊重他人的意见. > respectfully[-fEli; -fEli] adv. respectfulness n [U].

respective
[ri5spektiv; ri5spektiv] adj [attrib 作定语] of or for or belonging to each as an individual 各自的; 各个的; 分别的: * They each excel in their respective fields. 他们在各自领域里都是出类拔萃的. * After the party we all went off to our respective rooms. 聚会之後我们回到各自的房间. 派生： respectively adv separately or in turn, in the order mentioned 各自地; 分别地; 轮流地: German and Italian courses are held in Munich and Rome respectively. 德语和意大利语课程分别设於慕尼黑和罗马.

respiration
[7respE'reiFn; 7respE'reFEn] n 1 [C, U] (fml 文) (single act of) breathing air 呼吸; 一次呼吸: * [attrib作定语] respiration rate 呼吸率. 2 [U] plant's absorptionof oxygen and release of carbon dioxide （植物的）呼吸.

respirator
[5respEreitE(r); 5respE7retl] n [C] 1 apparatusfor giving artificial respiration over a long period 人工呼吸器: * put the patient on a respirator 给患者戴上人工呼吸器. 2 device worn over the nose and mouth to warm, filter or purify air before it is breathed 口罩; 呼吸保护罩; 防毒面具.

respire
[ri5spaiE(r); ri5spair] v [I] 1 (fml 文) breathe air 呼吸: * respire deeply 深呼吸. 2 (of plants) absorb oxygen and release carbon dioxide （指植物）呼吸. 派生： respiratory/ rI5spaIErEtrI, 5respIrEtrI; ?@ -tR:rI; rI`spaIrE9tRrI] adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] (medical 医) of or for breathing air 呼吸的; 呼吸用的: * respiratory diseases, eg bronchitis, asthma 呼吸道疾病（如支气管炎、 气喘） * respiratory organs, systems 呼吸器官、 系统.

respite
[5respait, 'respit; 5respit] n 1 [U, sing] ~ (from sth) interval of rest or relief 休息（时间）; 暂时的缓解或放松: * longing for a moment of respite 恨不得歇会儿 * work without respite 不停地工作 * a brief, welcome respite 短暂的、 愉快的休息 * (a) respite from pain, worry, stress, etc 痛苦、 忧虑、 压力等的暂时减轻. 2 [C] delay allowed before an obligation must be fulfilled or a penalty suffered; reprieve （义务的）暂缓履行; （刑罚的）缓期执行; 缓刑: * grant sb a respite 准予某人缓刑.

resplendent
[ri5splendEnt; ri5splendEnt] adj [usu pred 通常作表语] ~ (in sth) (fml 文) brilliant with colour or decorations; splendid 华丽灿烂; 辉煌: * resplendent in coronation robes 身穿加冕礼服而光彩夺目 * (ironic 反语) resplendent in her curlers and a face-pack 戴着发卷抹着美容霜而臭美的. > resplendence[-Ens; -Ens] n [U]. resplendently adv.

respond
[ri5spCnd; ri5spand] v [I, Ipr] 1 ~ (to sb/sth) (with sth) give a verbal or written answer （以口头或书面方式）回答: * She asked where he'd been, but he didn't respond. 她问他到什麽地方去了, 他却不回答. * She responded to my letter with a phone call. 她收到我的信, 给我回了个电话. 2 ~ (to sth) (with sth) act in answer to (sth) or because of the action of another; behave in a similar way （对某事物或对他人的行动）反应, 回应, 响应: * He responded to my volley with a backhand, ie in tennis. 他反手一击把我截击的空中球打了回来（网球中）. * I kicked the dog, which responded by growling/with a growl. 我踢了那条狗, 它便狂吠起来. 3 ~ (to sb/sth) react quickly or favourably (to or because of sb/sth); be easily controlled (by sb/sth) （对某人[某事物]）反应灵敏; 易（为某人[某事物]）控制: * The car responds well to the controls. 这辆汽车操纵灵敏. * The patient did not respond to treatment. 病人经治疗後未见起色. * Animals respond to kindness. 动物受到善待能做出反应. 4 ~ (to sb/sth) (of people at a churchservice) make the responses （指在教堂做礼拜的人）应答.

respondent
[ri5spCndEnt; ri5spandEnt] n (law 律) defendant, esp in a divorce case 被告（尤指离婚案的）.

response
[ri5spCns; ri5spans] n ~ (to sb/sth) 1 [C, U] answer 回答; 答覆: * She made no response. 她没有回答. * In response to your inquiry... 兹答覆您的询问... * His accusations brought an immediate response. 他提出指控後迅即得到答覆. 2 [C, U] act or feeling produced in answer to a stimulus; reaction 反应; 响应: * a poor, generous, united, etc response to the appeal for funds 对徵集资金的呼吁反应甚微、 积极响应、 群起响应等 * Her cries for help met with no, some, little, etc response. 她那求救的呼声没有激起任何、 激起了一些、 没有激起什麽...反应. * The tax cuts produced a favourable response from the public. 税额削减受到了公众的欢迎. 3 [C usu pl 通常作复数] (religion 宗) part of the liturgy said or sung by the people at a church service in answer to the priest （礼拜时会众对牧师的）应答, 唱和. Cf 参看 versicle.

responsibility
[ri7spCnsE'bilEti; ri7spansE'bilEti] n 1 [U] ~ (for sb/sth) being responsible or accountable责任; 负责: * a position of real, great, major, etc responsibility负实际的、 很大的、 主要的...责任的职务 * have, showa sense of responsibility 有、 显示出责任感 * take, assume,accept, bear full responsibility for the consequences 对後果承担全部责任 * The manufacturers disclaim all responsibility for damage caused by misuse. 使用不当而造成的损坏, 生产厂家不负任何责任. 2 [C] ~ (to sb) commitment or duty for which a person is responsible职责; 任务; 义务: * Our business is a joint/shared responsibility.我们的公司实行共同责任制. * It's my responsibility to lock the doors. 我负责锁门. * the various responsibilities of the post 这一职位的多种责任.

responsible
[ri5spCnsEbl; ri5spansEbl] adj 1 [pred 作表语] ~ (for sb/sth); ~ (for doing sth) legally or morally obliged, eg to take care of sb/sth or to carry out a duty, and liable to be blamed if one fails （在法律上或道义上）须负责任, 承担责任: * All pilots are responsible for their passengers' safety. 凡是飞机驾驶员均应对乘客的安全负责. * I am wholly/partly responsible for the confusion. 我对此混乱情况负有全部[部分]责任. * You must make yourself personally responsible for paying these bills. 你应该个人支付这些帐. 2 [pred 作表语] ~ to sb/sth having to account for one's actions to an authority or a superior 对自己的行动向主管者或上级承担责任: * be directly/indirectly responsible to the President直接[间接]向总统负责. 3 [pred 作表语] ~ (for sth) answerable for one's behaviour 应对自己的行为负责: * A drunk man cannot be held/considered fully responsible for his actions. 醉汉不能为其行为负全部责任. 4 (a) (of people) capable of being relied on; trustworthy （指人）可靠的, 可信赖的: * behave like responsible citizens, adults, committee members 做有责任心的公民、 成年人、 委员 * She is very responsible for (ie considering that she is) a six-year-old. 对於六岁的孩子来说, 她算是很靠得住的. Cf 参看 irresponsible. (b) [esp attrib 尤作定语] (of jobs, etc) needing sb who can be relied on; involving important duties （指工作等）需可靠的人来做的; 责任重大的: * a highly responsible position, appointment, role 极其重要的职位、 职务、 职责. 5 [pred 作表语] ~ (for sth) being the cause (of sth) 作为（某事物的）原因; 应归咎或归功（於某事物）: * Who's responsible for this mess? 是谁弄得这麽乱? * Smoking is responsible for many cases of lung cancer. 吸烟是许多人患肺癌的致病因素. 派生： responsibly[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv in a rational or trustworthy way 明事理地; 合乎理性地; 可信赖地:

responsible1
* act, behave responsibly 行动、 行事靠得住.

responsive
[ri5spCnsiv; ri5spansiv] adj 1 ~ (to sb/sth) (a) responding warmly or favourably; sympathetic 反应热烈的或良好的; 赞同的; 支持的: * a responsive class, audience, etc 积极应答的班级、 反应很热烈的观众 * be responsive to suggestions, ideas, criticisms, etc 对建议、 意见、 批评等表示欢迎. (b) [usu pred 通常作表语] reacting quickly or favourably; easily controlled 反应灵敏; 易受控制: * These brakes should be more responsive. 这些制动器应该更灵敏些. * a flu virus that is not responsive to treatment 不易治疗的流感病毒 * a horse responsive to the needs of its rider 很好骑的马. 2 [esp attrib 尤作定语] given or made as an answer 回答的; 应答的: * a responsive smile, gesture, wink, etc 表示回应的微笑、 手势、 眨眼等. > responsively adv. responsiveness n [U].

rest
1[rest; rest] v 1 (a) [I, Ipr] ~ (from sth) be still or asleep; stop moving or working, esp in order to regain one's strength 静止; 睡眠; 停止活动或工作; （尤指）休息: * lie down and rest (for) an hour after lunch 午饭後躺下休息一小时 * resting from our exertions, efforts, etc 劳作、 工作後休息一下 * (fig 比喻) He will never rest (ie never have peace of mind) until he knows the truth. 他不获真相是不会安心的. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] cause or allow (sth/sb) to do this 使或让（某物[某人]）静止、 睡眠或休息: * You should rest your eyes after a lot of reading. 长时间阅读後应该让眼睛休息一下. * Sit down and rest your legs. 坐下歇歇腿儿吧. * Are you rested enough to go on? 你是否歇够了可以接着干了? 2 [Ipr, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) on/against sth lie or be placed on/against sth for support 躺或倚靠在某物上; 靠某物支撑: * Her elbows rested/She rested her elbows on the table. 她的肘部[她把肘部]靠在桌子上. * Rest the ladder against the wall. 把梯子靠在墙上. 3 [Ipr] ~ on sb/sth depend or rely on sb/sth 依靠或依赖某人[某事物]: * British hopes of a medal rested on Ovett. 英国把获得奖牌的希望寄托在奥维特的身上. 4 [Ipr] ~ on sb/sth (of a look, etc) be directed steadily at sb/sth （指目光等）停留在某人[某物]上: * His gaze/eyes rested on her face. 他双眼凝视着她的脸. 5 [I] (fml 文) (of a subject under discussion) be left without further investigation or pursuit （指问题的探讨）中止: * let the matter, topic, affair, etc rest 使事情、 话题、 事务等到此为止 * The matter cannot rest there I demand an apology. 事情不能就此罢了--我要求向我道歉. 6 [I, Tn] (esp law 尤用於法律) conclude (one's case); have no more to say about (sth) 停止（举证）; 自动停止陈述（某事）: * The defence rests. 被告陈述完毕. * I rest my case. 本人对案情陈述完毕. 7 [I]

rest1
(euph or fig 婉或比喻) be buried 长眠; 安息: * May he rest (ie lie in his grave) in peace. 愿他安息. 8 [I, Tn] (cause land to) be free from disturbance, etc （使土地）休耕: * Let this field rest/Rest this field for a year. 让这块田地休耕一年. 9 (idm 习语) rest assured (that...) (fml 文) be certain that... 放心...: * You may rest assured that everything possible is being done. 你尽管放心, 正在尽力把一切都做好. rest on one's `laurels (esp derog 尤作贬义) stop trying to achieve further successes; become complacent 满足於既有的成绩而不思进取; 自满. 10 (phr v) rest on sth (no passive 不用於被动语态) be based on sth 建立在某事物的基础上; 基於某事物: * His fame rests more on his plays than on his novels. 他出名是靠他的戏剧, 并不是靠小说. * an argument, a claim, a theory, etc resting on a false assumption 根据凭空设想而提出的论点、 要求、 理论等. rest with sb (to do sth) (fml 文) be sb's responsibility (to do sth) （做某事）是某人的责任: * The choice rests entirely with you. 这完全由你来选择. * It rests with the committee to decide. 这事要由委员会来决定. 复合： `resting-place n (euph 婉) grave 安息处; 坟墓: His last resting-place is on that hill. 他的长眠处就在那座山上.

restate
[7ri:'steit; ri5stet] v [Tn] state (sth) again or in a different way 重述或以另一方式重申（某事物）: * restate one's position, case, argument, etc 重新阐述立场、 情况、 论点等. > restatement n [C, U]: * make a restatement of current policy 重申现行的政策.

restaurant
[5restrCnt; - -tErEnt; 5restErEnt] n public place where meals can be bought and eaten 餐馆; 饭店. Cf 参看 cafe. 派生： restaurateur[7restErE'tE:(r); 7restErE'tE] (US also restauranteur[-tErEn-; -tErEn-] ) n (fml 文) manager or owner of a restaurant 餐馆的经理或老板. 复合： `restaurant car (Brit) = dining-car (dine).

restitution
[7resti'tju:Fn; - -'tu:-; 7restE'tuFEn] n [U] ~ (to sb/sth) 1 (fml 文) restoration of a thing to its proper owner or original state （物之）归还原主; （事物之）恢复原状: * restitution of the deeds to the owner 契据归还原主 * the full restitution of property, conjugal rights, diplomatic status 财产的全部归还、 婚姻权的完全恢复、 外交地位的完全恢复. 2 (law 律) reparation, esp in the form of money, for injury, etc （对损害等的）赔偿, 补偿（尤指用钱） : * make restitution for the damage done 赔偿所造成的损失.

restive
[5restiv; 5restiv] adj 1 restless or uneasy 焦躁不安的; 不安宁的: * Another hour passed and the crowd grew/became restive. 又过了一个小时, 人们有些不耐烦了.2 (esp of horses) resisting control, esp by refusing to move forwards or by moving sideways or backwards（尤指马）难驾驭的, （尤指）不肯前行的, 逡巡不前的.> restively adv: * move, shuffle, fiddle about restively焦急地走来走去、 踱来踱去、 荡来荡去. restiveness n [U].

restless
[5restlis; 5restlis] adj 1 constantly moving 运动不止的: * the restless motion of the sea 大海的不停的翻腾. 2 unable to be still or quiet, esp because of boredom, impatience, anxiety, etc 静不下来的, 不能安宁的（尤指因厌烦、 烦躁、 焦虑等）: * The audience was becoming restless. 观众渐渐地不耐烦了. * The children grew restless with the long wait. 孩子们等了很久便着急了. * After only a month in the job, he felt restless and decided to leave. 那工作他只干了一个月就厌倦了, 决定不干了. 3 without rest or sleep 得不到休息或睡眠的: * spend/pass/have a restless night 度过一个不眠之夜. > restlessly adv: * The wind moved restlessly through the trees. 风不停地吹过树林. * The lion paced restlessly up and down in its cage. 狮子在笼子里不安地来回走动. restlessness n [U].

restock
[7ri:'stCk; ri5stak] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) fill sth with new or different things to replace those used, sold, etc 补充新的或他种物品以替换用掉、 售出...之物品; 补足货源: * restock the freezer for Christmas 把新食物装入冰箱冷冻室为圣诞节做准备 * restock the library shelves with new books 进一些新书补充到图书馆的书架上 * restock a lake/river with trout 在湖[河]里再放养一些鳟鱼. 2 [Tn] take (a supply of sth) again, eg after an interval 补充（供应物）（如隔一段时间後）: * restock the dictionary in its new edition 重新购置该词典的新版本.

restoration
[7restE'reiFn; 7restE'reFEn] n 1 [U] ~ (to sb/sth) return of sth lost, etc to its owner （遗失等物的）归还原主: * the restoration of stolen property, goods, etc 失窃财物、 物品等的归还. 2 [U] ~ (to sth) restoring or being restored to a former place or condition 回复到原处或原状; 恢复: * the restoration of the Elgin marbles to Greece 埃尔金大理石雕塑品的交还给希腊 * her restoration to complete health 她的完全康复 * the restoration of order after the riots 骚乱之後秩序的恢复. 3 [U, C] ~ (to sb/sth) reintroduction of sth, eg after it has lapsed or been withdrawn 重新采用, 恢复（如消失或取消後）: * the restoration of old customs 旧习俗的恢复 * We demand an immediate restoration of our right to vote. 我们要求立即恢复我们的选举权. 4 [C, U] (example of the) work of restoring a ruined building, work of art, etc to its original condition （损坏的建 物、 艺术品等的）修复, 整修: * undergo a lengthy process of restoration 经过漫长的修复过程 * The palace is closed during restorations/for restoration. 宫殿於整修期间[因整修]停止开放. * [attrib 作定语] the museum restoration fund 整修博物馆的资金 * (a) full/complete restoration of the damaged painting, vase, mosaic, etc 受到损坏的画、 花瓶、 镶嵌画等的完全修复. 5 [C] building formerly ruined and now rebuilt; reconstruction （毁坏後重建的）建 物; 重建: * The castle is largely a restoration, ie little of the original is left. 该城堡大部分是重建的. 6 [C] model representing the supposed form of an extinct animal, a ruined building, etc （绝种动物、 已毁建 物等的）模型: * a restoration of an Iron-Age cave dwelling 模拟铁器时代穴居生活的洞穴. 7 theRestoration [sing] (period following) the re-establishmentof the monarchy in Britain in 1660, when Charles II became king （1660年英王查理二世的）王政复辟（时期）:

restoration1
* [attrib 作定语] Restoration comedy, poetry 王政复辟时期的喜剧、 诗.

restorative
[ri5stC:rEtiv; ri5stCrEtiv] adj [esp attrib 尤 作定语] tending to restore health and strength 有助於恢复健康和体力的: * restorative drugs, exercises, tonics 促进健康恢复的药物、 运动、 滋补品 * the restorative powers of sea air 海上空气可使人恢复体力的作用. 派生： restorative n [C, U] restorative food, medicine or treatment 有助於恢复健康或体力的食物、 药品或疗法: The brandy acted as a restorative. 喝白兰地酒消除了疲劳.

restore
[ri5stC:(r); ri5stCr] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sb/sth) (fml 文) give back (sth lost, etc) to its owner 将（某失物等）归还原主: * Police restored the stolen jewels to the showroom. 警方将被盗的珠宝交还给了陈列室. 2 (a) [Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth to sth bring sb/sth back to a former place or position 使某人[某物]回复到原处或原位: * restore sacked workers to their old jobs 使被解雇的工人复工 * restore an officer to his command 恢复一军官的指挥权 * (fml 文) He restored the dictionary to the shelf. 他把词典放回到书架上. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (to sth); ~ sth (to sb) bring sb/sth back to a former condition 使某人[某物]恢复原先的状况: * restore my health/me to health 使我恢复健康 * restore sb's beauty, sight, confidence, etc 恢复某人的姿色、 视力、 信心等 * The brandy fully/completely restored him. 他喝了白兰地酒以後完全恢复了体力. * Law and order were quickly restored after the riots. 骚乱过後很快恢复了治安. * The deposed chief was restored (to power/to his throne). 废黜的酋长重新掌了权. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) bring sth back into use, eg after it has lapsed or been withdrawn 重新采用某事物（如终止或取消後）: * restore ancient traditions, rights, ceremonies, etc 恢复古已有之的传统、 权利、 礼仪等 * restore old laws, taxes, charges, etc 恢复旧时的法律、 税制、 收费等 * Our Christmas bonus should be restored. 我们发圣诞节赠金的做法应予恢复. 4 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sth) rebuild or repair (a ruined building, work of art, etc) so that it is like the original 重建或修复（被毁之建 物、 艺术品等）: * restore a Roman fort, a vintage car, an oil painting, a china vase, etc 修复罗马的要塞、 老式汽车、 油画、 瓷花瓶等 * The mill was restored to full working order. 这工厂已完全恢复生产. Cf 参看 renovate. 派生： restorer n (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) [C] (a) person who restores (restore 4) things 做修复工作的人: picture, furniture restorers 修复画、 家具的人.

restore1
(b) [C, U] substance, etc that restores (restore 2b) things 用以恢复原状的物质; 恢复剂: hair-restorer, ie to cure baldness 生发剂.

restrain
[ri5strein; ri5stren] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (from sth/doing sth) hold back sb/sth from movementor action; keep sb/sth under control or in check 抑制或遏制某人[某事物]; 管制; 约束: * restrain one's anger, laughter, tears 抑制住愤怒、 笑声、 眼泪 * restrain one's natural urges, impulses, etc 克制住欲望、 冲动等 * I must learn to restrain myself, eg not say what I think. 我得学会约束自己. * The police had difficulty in restraining the crowd from rushing on to the pitch. 警方难以阻止人群涌入球场. 派生： restrained adj keeping one's feelings, language or behaviour in check; controlled （感情、 言语或行为）克制的, 节制的, 受到控制的: a restrained rebuke, protest, discussion 有节制的斥责、 抗议、 讨论 * He was furious, but his manner was very restrained. 他十分恼火, 但在态度上却很能克制. restraint/ri5streint; ri5strent] n (fml 文) 1 [U] restraining or being restrained 抑制; 遏制; 管制; 约束: * submit to/break loose from restraint 忍受[摆脱]束缚 * The child's affections were kept under/suffered continualrestraint. 那孩子的感情一直受到压抑. 2 [C] ~ (on sb/sth) thing that checks or controls; restriction 起遏制作用的事物; 管制措施; 约束力: * the restraints on the family budget of a limited income 有限的收入对家庭开支预算的约束 * throw off the restraints of convention 打破常规 * impose restraints on wage settlements 对工资的协议加以限制. 3 [U] ~ (in sth) avoidance of exaggeration or excess; moderation 克制; 节制; 适度: * He showed/exercised considerable restraint in not suing for a divorce. 他极力克制自己, 不提出离婚诉讼. 4 (idm 习语) without re`straint without control; freely 无拘无束地; 自由地: * talk, weep without restraint 畅谈、 痛哭.

restrict
[ri5strikt; ri5strikt] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (to sth) put a limit on sb/sth 限制或约束某人[某事物]: * Fog restricted visibility. 雾天能见度很低. * measures restricting one's freedom, authority, rights 限制自由、 权力、 权利的措施 * Speed is restricted to 30 mph in towns. 市内车速每小时不得超过30英里. * families restricted to (having) one child 受限制只能有一个孩子的家庭 * restrict oneself to one meal a day 限制自己一天吃一顿饭 * You are restricted to eight litres of duty-free wine. 携带的免税酒不得超过八升. 派生： restricted adj 1 having certain limitations 有一定限制的; 有限的; 受约束的: restricted access, development,potential 受限制的接触、 发展、 潜力 * The drug has only a restricted commercial use. 这种麻醉药用作商品是极受限制的. * (Brit) a restricted area, ie where speed or parking is strictly controlled 车速或停车限制区. 2 [esp attrib 尤作定语] (a) (Brit) (of land) not fully open to the public （指土地）对公众不完全开放的: enter a restricted zone 进入禁区. (b) (esp US) (of land) not fully open to military personnel （指土地）对军人不完全开放的. restriction/ri5strikFn; ri5strikFEn] n 1 [U] restricting or being restricted 限制; 约束: * restriction of expenditure 对开支的限制. 2 [C esp pl 尤作复数] ~ (on sth) instance of this; law, etc that restricts 限制; 约束; 限制性规定: * raise, lift, ban, abolish, etc a restriction 撤消限制 * place, impose, enforce, etc a restriction 实行限制 * speed, price, import, etc restrictions 速度、 价格、 进口等限制 * There are currency restrictions on the sums allowed for foreign travel. 到国外旅行允许携带的款额有所限制. * The sale of firearms is subject to many legal restrictions. 出售枪枝受到许多法律限制.

restrictive
[ri5striktiv; ri5striktiv] adj 1 restricting 限制（性）的; 约束（性）的: * restrictive rulings, measures, etc 限制性的规定、 措施等. 2 (grammar) of a relative clause or phrase that limits or defines the noun which it follows 限制性的: * `My friends who live in London' contains a restrictive clause; `my parents, who live in Leeds' does not. *my friends who live in London这一结构中含有限制性从句; my parents, who live in Leeds这一结构中无限制性成分. > restrictively adv. restrictiveness n [U]. 复合： re,strictive `practices (Brit) (in industry) practices that hinder the most effective use of labour, technical resources, etc and hamper efficient production （工业方面的）限制性条条框框（妨碍有效利用劳动力、 技术资源等阻碍提高生产效率的做法）.

restructure
[7ri:'strQktFE(r); 7ri5strQktFl] v [Tn] give a new or different structure or arrangement to (sth) 重建, 改建, 重组, 改组, 重新安排（某事物）: * restructure an organization, a proposal, the plot of a novel 改组组织、 调整计画、 重新安排小说的情节. > restructuringn [U, C usu sing 作不可数名词或可数名词, 後者通常作单数]: * The rating system is undergoing some/a complete restructuring. 房地产税制正在进行某些[全面的]调整.

result
[ri5zQlt; ri5zQlt] n 1 (a) [C, U] ~ (of sth) effect or outcome (of sth) 结果; 效果: * The flight was delayed as a result of fog. 因有雾该航班误点. * His limp is the result of an accident. 他腿瘸是事故所致. * (fml 文) I was late, with the result that (ie so that) I missed my train. 我迟到了, 没能赶上火车. * All our hard work produced little or no result. 我们辛苦努力无甚结果. * My investigations were without result. 我的调查毫无结果. (b) results [pl] significant and pleasing outcome 成果; 成效: * That trainer knows how to get results from his horses. 那个驯马师掌握行之有效的驯马技巧. * begin to show, produce,achieve results 开始显示、 产生、 获得成果. 2 [C] (a) (esppl 尤作复数) ~ (of sth) statement of the score, marks or name of the winner in a sporting event or a competition or an examination, etc （运动、 竞赛、 考试等的）结果, 比分, 成绩, 优胜者: * `football, racing, etc results 足球比赛、 速度竞赛等的结果 * have good/bad exam results 考试成绩优良[不佳] * The result of the match was a draw. 比赛结果不分胜负. * announce the results of an election 宣布选举结果. (b) (esp sing 尤作单数) (Brit infml 口) (esp in football) win （尤指足球比赛）获胜, 赢: * We desperately need a result from this match. 这场比赛我们务必获胜. 3 [C] answer to a mathematical problem, etc found by calculation （数学问题等通过计算而获得的）答案. 派生： result/ri5zQlt; ri5zQlt] v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (from sth) occur as a result(1a) （因而）发生, 产生, 出现: * injuries resulting from a fall 因摔倒而受的伤. 2 (phr v) result in sth have a specified effect or consequence 产生某种作用或结果: * Our efforts resulted in success/failure. 我们的努力终於成功[失败]了. * The talks resulted in reducing the number of missiles/missile reduction. 谈判结果削减了导弹数量.

result1
resultant[-Ent; -Ent] adj [attrib 作定语] (fml 文) happening as a result or consequence 因而发生的; 必然产生的: * the resultant profit from reducing staff and increasing sales 因裁员和增加销量而获得的收益.

resume
[ri5zju:m; - -'zu:m; ri5zum] v (fml 文) 1 [I,Tn, Tg] begin (sth) again or continue (sth) after stoppingfor a time 重新开始（某事物）; （停顿後）继续进行（某事物）: * Hostilities resumed after the cease-fire. 停火过後, 战事再度爆发. * resume a flight, voyage, trip, etc 继续飞行、 航海、 旅行等 * resume (one's) work, efforts, labours, etc 重新开始工作、 努力、 劳动等 * Resume reading where you left off. 从停下的地方接着往下读吧. 2 [Tn] take or occupy (sth) again 重新得到或占有（某事物）: * She resumed her maiden name after the divorce. 她离婚後重新使用娘家的姓. * resume one's seat, ie sit down again 重新坐下 * resume possession of a title 恢复头衔.

resumption
[ri5zQmpFn; ri5zQmpFEn] n [U, sing] (fml 文) (instance of) resuming (resume 1) （停顿後的）重新开始, 继续进行; 重新取得或占有; 恢复: * no immediate resumption of building work 建 施工没有立即恢复 * a resumption of hostilities, activites, negotiations 战事、 活动、 谈判的重新开始.

resurface
[7ri:'sE:fis; ri5sEfis] v 1 [Tn] put a newsurface on (a road, etc) 给（路等）铺设新路面: * resurfacingwork on the motorway 高速公路更新路面的作业. 2 [I] come to the surface again 重新升至表面; 重新露面: * The submarine resurfaced. 潜艇重新浮出水面. * (fig 比喻) Old prejudices began to resurface. 旧的偏见又冒了出来.

resurgent
[ri5sE:dVEnt; ri5sEdVEnt] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (fml 文) rising or reviving after destruction, defeat, disappearance, etc 复苏的; 复兴的; 恢复生机或活力的: * a resurgent economy 复苏的经济 * resurgent hope, nationalism 重新燃起的希望、 重新抬头的民族主义. > resurgence[-Ens; -Ens] n [U, sing]: * a sudden resurgence of interest in Victorian art 对维多利亚时代的艺术重新激发起的兴趣.

resurrect
[7rezE'rekt; 7rezE'rekt] v [Tn] (usu fig 通常作比喻) 1 bring (sb) back to life again 使（某人）复活: * That noise is enough to resurrect the dead! 那噪音都能把死人吵活! 2 revive (a practice, etc); bring back into use 使（某种做法）复兴; 重新使用: * resurrect old customs, habits, traditions, etc 恢复旧的习俗、 习惯、 传统等 * (joc 谑) resurrect an old dress from the sixties 让六十年代的旧式连衣裙起死回生. 派生： resurrection[7rezE'rekFn; 7rezE'rekFEn] n 1 the Resurrection [sing] (religion 宗) (a) the rising of Jesus from the tomb 耶稣复活. (b) the rising of all the dead at the Last Judgement （最後审判日）所有死者之复活. 2 [U, sing] (fml fig 文, 比喻) revival after disuse, inactivity, etc 恢复使用、 活动等: * a resurrection of hope 希望的复萌.

resuscitate
[ri5sQsiteit; ri5sQsE7tet] v [Tn] (fml 文) bring (sb/sth) back to consciousness 使（某人[某物]）恢复知觉; 苏醒: * resuscitate a boy rescued from drowning使溺水获救的男孩苏醒过来. > resuscitation/ rI9sQsI5teIFn; rI9sQsE`teFEn/ n [U]: * their efforts/attempts at resuscitation 他们为使人苏醒过来而做的努力[尝试].

ret
(also retd) abbr 缩写 = 1 retired. 2 returned.

retail
[5ri:teil; 5ritel] n [U] selling of goods, which are usu not for resale, in small quantities to the general public 零售; 零卖: * outlets (ie shops) for the retail of leather goods 皮革制品零售店 * [attrib 作定语] retail businesses, traders 零售生意、 零售商 * manufacturer's recommended retail price 9.99 厂家建议的零售价格为9.99英镑 * the retail price index, ie the record of average retail prices 零售价格指数. Cf 参看 wholesale. 派生： retail adv by retail 零售: Do you buy wholesale or retail? 你是整批买还是零买? retail v 1 [Ipr, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) at/for sth be sold or sell (sth) retail at (a price) 以（某价格）零售（某物）: These biros retail at/for 70p. 这些圆珠笔零售价为70便士. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) (fml 文) give (details of gossip, scandal, etc) to others, usu repeatedly 传播（闲话、 流言蜚语等）（通常指屡次地）. retailer n tradesman who sells by retail 零售商.

retain
[ri5tein; ri5ten] v [Tn] (esp fml 尤作文雅语) 1 keep (sth) in one's possession or use 保持或保留（某物）: * We retained the original fireplace when we decorated the room. 我们装修房间时保留了原有的壁炉. 2 continue to have (sth); not lose 仍然有（某事物）; 未丧失; 保住: * Despite losing his job he retains his pension. 他虽然失去了工作, 但仍然享有养老金. * These roses retain their scent. 这些玫瑰花仍有馀香. * He is 90 but still retains (the use of) all his faculties. 他已90高龄, 但身体功能都很好. * The police retained control of the situation. 警方仍然控制着局势. 3 keep (sth) in one's memory 记住（某事物）: * be able to retain numbers, dates, facts, etc 能记住数目、 日期、 事实等 * She retains a clear impression/memory of the incident. 她对那件事印象很深[记得很清楚]. 4 keep (sth) in place; hold or contain 止住（某物）; 保持; 容纳: * A dyke was built to retain the floods. 修了一道堤坝挡住洪水. * Clay soil retains water. 黏土能保持水分. 5 (law 律) book the services of (esp a barrister) by making a payment 付定金聘请（尤指讼务律师）: * a retaining fee 聘用定金. 派生： retainer n 1 fee paid to sb (esp a barrister) in advance for services as and when one may need them聘用定金（尤指预付给讼务律师的）: [attrib 作定语] a retainer agreement 预付聘用费的协议. 2 reduced rent paid to reserve a flat, etc for one's use while one is absent from it （为外出期间保留租房等而付的）定金.3 (arch 古) servant, esp one who has been with a family or person for a long time 仆人（尤指服务多年的）: (joc 谑) an old family retainer 老家仆. 复合： re`taining wall wall built to support a mass of earth or to confine water 挡土墙; 挡水墙; 拥壁.

retake
[7ri:'teik; ri5tek] v (pt retook[-'tuk; -'tuk] , pp retaken[-'teikEn; -'tekEn] ) [Tn] 1 capture (sth) again 再拿, 再取, 夺回（某物）: * retake a fortress, ship, town 夺回要塞、 轮船、 城市. 2 photograph or film (sth) again 重拍（照片、 影片等）: * retake a shot, scene, etc 重拍一个镜头、 场面等. 3 sit (an examination, etc) again; resit 重新（考试等）; 补考: * retake the physics paper 补考物理. 派生： retake[5ri:teik; 5ri7tek] n (infml 口) 1 second, etc filming of a scene （电影镜头的）重拍: * do several retakes 多次重拍. 2 (person attending a) second, etc sitting of an examination; resit 重考; 补考; 参加重考或补考的人.

retaliate
[ri5tAlieit; ri5tAli7et] v [I, Ipr] ~ (against sb/sth) repay an injury, insult, etc with a similar one 报复: * He slapped his sister, who retaliated by kicking him. 他打了妹妹一巴掌, 他妹妹回敬他一脚. * If we impose import duties, other countries may retaliate against us. 我们若徵收进口税, 别的国家就可能报复我们. 派生： retaliation/ri7tAli'eiFn; ri7tAli'eFEn] n [U] ~(against sb/sth); ~ (for sth) retaliating 报复: * immediateretaliation against the striking miners 对罢工的矿工立即采取的报复行动 * a terrorist bomb attack in retaliation for recent arrests 恐怖分子为报复最近的逮捕行动而进行的炸弹袭击. retaliatory/ri5tAliEtri; - -tC:ri; ri5tAliE7tCri] adj done or meant as retaliation 报复的; 报复性的: * take retaliatory measures, actions, etc 采取报复手段、 行动等 * The raid was purely retaliatory. 这次袭击完全是报复性的.

retard
[ri5ta:d; ri5tard] v [Tn] (fml 文) 1 make (sth) slow or late 使（某物）放慢或迟缓: * retard the mechanism, eg of a clock 使机械装置减速（如时钟的） * retard thespark, eg of an engine 使点火延迟（如发动机的）. 2 slow the progress or development of (sb/sth); hinder 阻碍（某人[某事物]）的进步或发展; 妨碍: * Lack of sun retards plant growth. 光照不足则植物生长缓慢. 派生： retardation[7ri:ta:'deiFn; 7ritar'deFEn] n [U]: * mental retardation 智力迟钝. retarded adj backward in physical or (esp) mental development 身体或（尤指）精神发育迟缓的; 智力迟钝 的: be severely (mentally) retarded （智力）发育极为迟缓.

retch
[retF; retF] v [I] make the sounds and movements of vomiting, esp involuntarily, but without bringing anything up from the stomach 乾哕; 乾呕.

retd
abbr 缩写 = ret.

retell
[7ri:'tel; ri5tel] v (pt, pp retold[-'tEuld; -'told] ) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) tell (a story, etc) again, in a different way or in a different language （以不同方式或语言）复述（故事等）: * Greek myths retold for children 为儿童讲的希腊神话.

retention
[ri5tenFn; ri5tenFEn] n [U, sing] (fml 文)1 possession or use of sth 具有; 具备; 享有; 享用: * retention of one's rights, privileges, etc 权利、 特权等的享有 * the full retention of one's (mental) faculties （心智）能力的健全. 2 ability to remember things 记忆力; 记性: * her limited/extraordinary powers of retention 她那有限的[非凡的]记忆力 * show an amazing retention of facts, details, childhood impressions, etc 显示出对事实、 细节、 儿时情景等的惊人记忆力. 3 action of holding sth in position or containing it 挡住; 拦阻; 保持; 保留; 容纳: * the retention of flood waters, crowds 拦住洪水、 人群 * suffer from retention of urine, ie failure to pass it out from the bladder 患尿潴留（不能排尿）.

retentive
[ri5tentiv; ri5tentiv] adj 1 (of the memory) having the ability to remember facts, impressions, etc （指记忆力）有记性的, 记忆力强的. 2 having the ability to hold or contain liquid, etc 能保持或容纳液体等的: * retentive soil, ie that does not dry out quickly 能保持水分的土壤. > retentively adv. retentiveness n [U].

rethink
[7ri:'WiNk; ri5WiNk] v (pt, pp -thought[-'WC:t; -'WCt] )[I, Tn] reconsider or think about (sth) again, esp in order to change it 重新考虑或再想（某事物）（尤指意在更改）: * rethink a policy, plan, situation, verdict 重新考虑一政策、 计画、 情况、 裁定 * A good deal of rethinking is needed on this question. 这个问题需要多加考虑. 派生： rethink[5ri:WiNk; 5riWiNk] n [sing] (infml 口) act of thinking again 再思考; 反思: * have a quick rethink before deciding 再很快考虑一下再做决定.

reticent
[5retisnt; 5retEsnt] adj ~ (about/on sth) not revealing one's thoughts or feelings easily; reserved 不轻易暴露思想或感情的; 有保留的: * be reticent about one's plans 不愿谈自己的计画 * He seemed unduly reticent on the subject of his past. 他似乎对他过去的事情讳莫如深. 派生： reticence[-sns; -sns] n [U]: * He always displays a certain reticence in discussing personal matters. 他在谈论个人问题时总显得有些保留. reticently adv.

reticulated
[ri5tikjuleitid; ri5tikjE7letid] (also reticulate/ rI5tIkjUleIt; rI`tIkjE9let/) adj (fml 文) divided into a network of small squares or intersecting lines 网状的: * the reticulated skin of a snake 蛇的网状的皮. 派生： reticulation/ri7tikju'leiFn; ri7tikjE'leFEn] n [U, C esp pl 作不可数名词或可数名词, 後者尤作复数] net-like pattern or structure 网状图案; 网状结构.

reticule
[5retikju:l; 5reti7kjul] n (arch or joc 古或谑) woman's small bag, usu made of net, etc and shaped like a pouch with a drawstring neck （女用）小手提包（通常为网兜式, 可收口）.

retina
[5retinE; - 'retEnE; 5retnE] n (pl ~s or -ae[-ni:; -n9i/) layer of membrane at the back of the eyeball,sensitive to light 视网膜. =>illus at eye 见eye插图.

retinue
[5retinju:; - 'retEnu:; 5retn7u] n [CGp] group of attendants accompanying an important person （要人的）一批随员: * The Queen was flanked by a retinue of bodyguards and policemen. 女王左右有保镖和警察护卫着. * (joc 谑) the fete organizer and her retinue of helpers 游乐义卖会的组织人和她的一群助手.

retire
[ri5taiE(r); ri5tair] v 1 (a) [I, Ipr] ~ (from sth) give up one's regular work, esp because of age 退职;退役; （尤指）退休: * retire early, ie before reaching retirement age 提前退休（未达退休年龄） * retire on a pension at 65 於65岁时退休领取养老金 * He will retire from the army/his directorship next year. 他明年从部队退役[从主管职位上退休]. * the retiring union leader 行将退休的工会领导人. (b) [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] cause (an employee) to do this 使（雇员）退职或退休: * I was retired on full pay. 给我全薪让我退休了. Cf 参看 resign 1. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (from...) (to...) (fml 文) (of an army, etc) withdraw voluntarily, esp in order to reorganize, etc （指军队等）主动撤退（尤指以休整等为目的）: * Our forces retired to prepared positions. 我们的部队撤退到既设阵地上. Cf 参看 retreat. 3 [I, Ipr] (a) ~ (from...) (to...) (fml 文) retreat or go away, esp to somewhere quiet or private 退下, 退出, 离开（尤指到僻静处）: * The jury retired (from the courtroom) to consider their verdict. 陪审团退庭以考虑如何裁断. * After lunch he retired to his study. 他午饭後就到书房去了. (b) ~ (to sth) (fml or joc 文或谑) go to bed 就寝: * I decided to retire early with a book. 我决定带本书早点就寝. 4 [La, I, Ipr] ~ (from sth) (in sport) withdraw voluntarily from a game, match, etc （体育运动中）主动退出比赛等: * The boxer retired from the contest with eye injuries. 该拳击手因眼部受伤而退出比赛. * The batsman retired hurt. 击球员因伤退场. 派生： retired adj having retired from work 退职的; 退休的; 退役的: a retired Civil Servant 退休的公务员. retiring/ri5taiEriN; ri5tairiN] adj avoiding society; shy 过隐居生活的; 孤僻的; 害羞的: * Joanna had a gentle retiring disposition. 乔安娜性格温柔而 腆.

retirement
[ri5taiEmEnt; ri5tairmEnt] n 1 [C, U] (instance of) retiring or being retired from work 退职; 退役; 退休: * There have been several retirements in my office recently. 最近我那办公室里有几个人退休了. * announce/give notice of one's retirement 宣布[通知]退休 * urge older staff to take early retirement, ie retire before the usual age 敦促年纪较大的职员提前退休 * be well above/below the age of retirement 远远超过[低於]退休年龄 * [attrib 作定语] retirement benefits 退休补助金 * a retirement pension 退休金. 2 [U, sing] condition of being retired from work 退职、 退役、 退休之状况: * He lives in retirement in Cornwall. 他在康沃尔郡过退休生活. * a happy and profitable retirement 愉快而有益的退休生活. 3 (idm 习语) go into/come out of retirement leave/return to one's regular work 离[复]职. 复合： re`tirement age age at which people normally retire 退休年龄: reach retirement age 达到退休年龄 * reduce the retirement age for teachers to 55 把教师的退休年龄降低到55岁.

retort
1[ri5tC:t; ri5tCrt] v [Tn, Tf] make a quick, witty or angry reply, esp to an accusation or challenge 反驳; 回嘴: * `Nonsense!’ she retorted. 她反驳说, ‘一派胡言!’ * He retorted that it was my fault as much as his. 他反驳说我的错误并不比他的错误小. 派生： retort n (a) [U] retorting 反驳; 回嘴: He made a rude sign by way of retort. 他做出粗鲁动作表示反驳. (b) [C] reply of this kind 反驳的回答: make an insolent retort 做出侮慢的答覆.

retouch
[7ri:'tQtF; ri5tQtF] v [Tn] improve or alter (a photograph, painting, etc) by removing flaws or making minor changes 修整（照片、 画等）（以除去瑕疵或作一些微小的改变）.

retrace
[ri:'treis; ri5tres] v [Tn] 1 go back over or repeat (a journey, route, etc) exactly 折返或重行（原路程、 路线等）: * retrace one's steps, ie return the way one came 顺原路折回. 2 recall a series of (past actions, etc) 回忆, 回顾, 追溯（经过情形等）: * Police retraced the movements of the murder victim. 警方追溯了那被谋杀者当时的情形.

retract
[ri5trAkt; ri5trAkt] v [I, Tn] (fml 文) 1 withdraw (a statement, charge, etc) 撤回或撤消（声明、 指控等）: * The accused refused to retract (his statement). 那被告拒不撤消（其供述）. 2 refuse to honour or keep (an agreement, etc) 拒绝执行或遵守（协议等）: * retract a promise, an offer, etc 食言、 撤消提议. 3 move or pull (sth) back or in 缩回或拉回（某物）: * The undercarriage on light aircraft does not always retract in flight. 轻型飞机飞行时起落架不一定缩回. 派生： retractable[-Ebl; -Ebl] adj that can be drawn in 可缩进的; 可拉入的: * a retractable undercarriage 伸缩式起落架. retractile/ri5trAktail; - -tl; ri5trAktl] adj that can be retracted (retract 3) 可缩回的; 可拉回的: * A cat's claws are retractile. 猫的爪能缩回. retraction/ri5trAkFn; ri5trAkFEn] n (a) [U] retracting 撤回; 撤消; 缩回; 拉入. (b) [C] instance of this 撤回; 撤消; 缩回; 拉入: * publish a retraction of the charge 宣布撤回指控.

retread
[7ri:'tred; ri5tred] v (pt, pp -ed) (also remould, US remold[7ri:'mEuld; ri5mold] , US also ,re`cap) [Tn] provide (an old tyre) with a new tread(n 3) 给（旧轮胎）装新胎面. 派生： retread[5ri:tred; 5ri7tred] (also remould, US remold[5ri:mEuld; 5ri7mold] , US also `recap) n tyre made by moulding rubber onto an old foundation 翻新的旧轮胎.

retreat
[ri5tri:t; ri5trit] v [I, Ipr, In/pr] 1 (esp of an army, etc) withdraw after being defeated or when faced with danger or difficulty （尤指军队等）（战败後或面临危险或困难时）撤退, 退却: * force the enemy to retreat (behind their lines) 迫使敌人退却（至其阵线後） * crowds retreating before police fire hoses 面对警方的消防水龙而退却的群众 * We retreated half a mile. 我们後撤了半英里. Cf 参看 advance2 2. 2 (fig 比喻) go away to a place of shelter or privacy 退避; 回避至自己的范围: * retreat into a world of fantasy 遁入幻想世界 * retreat from the public eye 避开公众的眼睛. Cf 参看 retire. 派生： retreat n 1 [C usu sing, U 作可数名词时通常作单数, 亦作不可数名词] act or instance of retreating 撤退; 退却: The minister made an undignified retreat from his earlier position. 那部长很不光彩地背离了他原先的立场. * an orderly retreat from the camp 秩序井然的撤营 * The army was in full retreat. 军队已全线撤退. 2 the retreat [sing] military signal for this 撤退信号: sound the retreat, eg on a drum or bugle 发出撤退信号（如击鼓或吹号）. 3 (a) [U] withdrawal into privacy or seclusion 退避; 隐遁. (b) [C] place suitable for this 静居处; 隐居处: spend weekends at my country retreat 在我的乡间僻静处过周末. (c) [U, C] (religion 宗) period of withdrawalfrom worldly activities for prayer and meditation 静修（期间）: go into/be in retreat 去静修[於静修中] * make an annual retreat 进行一年一度的静修. 4 (idm 习语) beat a retreat => beat1.

retrench
[ri5trentF; ri5trentF] v (fml 文) 1 [I] make economies or reduce expenses 节省; 削减费用; 紧缩开支: * Inflation has forced us to retrench. 因通货膨胀我们不得不紧缩开支. 2 [Tn] reduce the amount of (moneyspent) 削减（费用）; 紧缩（开支）: * retrench one's expenditure减少花费. 派生： retrenchment n (a) [U] retrenching 节省; 削减; 紧缩开支. (b) [C] instance of this 节省; 削减; 紧缩开支.

retrial
[7ri:'traiEl; ri5traiEl] n action of trying a lawsuit again; new trial 再审; 复审: * The judge ordered a retrial because of irregularities. 因初审不合规则, 法官下令复审.

retribution
[7retri5bju:Fn; 7retrE'bjuFEn] n [U] ~ (for sth) (fml 文) deserved punishment or compensation for injury, etc （由於伤害等）应得的惩罚或赔偿: * jailed in retribution for his crimes （他）因犯罪而受监禁 * make retribution to God for one's sins 向上帝赎罪 * the day, hour, moment, etc of retribution 报应的日子、 时刻、 瞬间等. 派生： retributive/ri5tribjutiv; ri5tribjEtiv] adj [attrib 作定语] happening or inflicted as retribution 作为惩罚而发生或施予的; 惩罚性的; 报应的: * re,tributive `justice 因果报应.

retrieve
[ri5tri:v; ri5triv] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sb/sth) (esp fml 尤作庄重语) get possession of sth again 重新获得某物; 取回某物: * retrieve one's suitcase from the left luggage office 从行李寄存处取回衣箱 * (joc 谑) I must retrieve my credit card from the waiter. 我得向服务员要回信用卡. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] (esp computing 尤作计算机术语) find again or extract (stored information) 检索（储存的信息）: * retrieve data from a disk 检索储存在磁盘中的资料 * retrieve an address from the files 从文件中检索地址. 3 [Tn] (fml 文) set right (a loss, an error, etc) 挽回（损失）; 纠正（错误等）: * He retrieved his losses by betting on a succession of winners. 他下的赌注连续获胜才挽回了损失. * We can only retrieve the situation by reducing our expenses. 我们只有缩减开支才能扭转这种状况. 4 [I, Tn] (of a trained dog) find and bring back (dead or wounded birds, etc) （指经过训练的狗）找到并衔回（被打死或打伤的鸟等）. 5 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) (fml 文) restore sth to a flourishing state; revive sth 使某事物恢复旺盛状态; 复兴某事物: * retrieve one's fortunes 恢复自己丰裕的生活. 派生： retrievable[-Ebl; -Ebl] adj (esp computing 尤作计算机术语) that can be retrieved 可检索的. retrieval[-vl; -vl] n [U] (fml 文) retrieving or being retrieved 重获; 取回; 检索; 挽回; 恢复: * the retrieval of the company's fortunes 该公司之挽回财产损失 * a match lost beyond all hope of retrieval 毫无挽回获胜希望而输定的比赛 * (computing 计) information retrieval 信息检索. retriever n dog of a breed which is often trained to retrieve game 经训练常用以寻回猎物的一种猎犬.

retro
rocket

retro-
pref 前缀 (with adjs and ns 与形容词和名词结合) back or backwards 後; 向後; 在後: retroactive * retrograde *retro-rocket.

retroactive
[7retrEu'Aktiv; 7retro'Aktiv] adj (fml 文) effective from a past date 溯及既往的 ; 有追溯效力的: * The new law was made retroactive to 1 January, ie as if it had come into effect then. 新法令生效日期可追溯到1月1日. > retroactively adv.

retroflex
[5retrEfleks; 5retrE7fleks] (also retroflexed[-kst; -kst/) adj [attrib 作定语] (phonetics 语音) (of a sound) made by bending the tip of the tongue upwards and backwards （指声音）卷舌的, 卷舌音的.

retrograde
[5retrEgreid; 5retrE7gred] adj (fml 文) 1 going backwards 向後的; 後退的: * retrograde motion 逆向运动. 2 getting worse; returning to a less good condition 退化的; 恶化的; 衰退的: * a retrograde policy, step 倒退的政策、 一步.

retrogress
[7retrE'gres; 7retrE'gres] v [I, Ipr] ~ (to sth) (fml 文) 1 go backwards 後退; 倒退. 2 get worse or deteriorate 恶化; 衰退. 派生： retrogression[7retrE'greFn; 7retrE'greFEn] n [U] return to a less advanced state; decline 退步; 退化; 衰退; 衰落. retrogressive adj. retrogressively adv.

retrospect
[5retrEspekt; 5retrE7spekt] n (idm 习语) in retrospect looking back on a past event or situation 回顾; 追溯: * In retrospect, it's easy to see why we were wrong. 回顾过去就很容易明白我们的错处了. 派生： retrospection[7retrE'spekFn; 7retrE'spekFEn] n [U] action of looking back on past events, experiences, etc 回顾; 追溯. retrospective[7retrE'spektiv; 7retrE'spektiv] adj 1 looking back on the past 回顾的: * retrospective views, thoughts, etc 回顾过去的观点、 想法等 * a retrospective exhibition of the painter's work 那画家作品的回顾展. 2 (of laws, payments, etc) applying to the past as well as the future; retroactive （指法律、 支付关系等）溯及既往的, 有追溯效力的: * The legislation was made retrospective.该项法规具有追溯效力. * a retrospective (ie back-dated) pay rise 有追溯效力的加薪. n exhibition tracing the development of a painter, sculptor, etc （画家、 雕塑家等作品的）回顾展. retrospectively adv.

retrousse
[rE'tru:sei; - 7retru'sei; 7retru'se] adj (French esp approv 法, 尤作褒义) (of the nose) turned up at the end （指鼻子）尖端上翘的.

retry
[7ri:'trai; ri5trai] v (pt, pp retried) [Tn] try (a lawsuit or a defendant) again 重审, 复审（案件或被告）: * There are calls for the case to be retried. 该案有必要重审.

retsina
[ret'si:nE; - 'retsinE; 5retsinE] n [U, C] Greek wine flavoured with resin 一种带有松香味的希腊葡萄酒.

return
1[ri5tE:n; ri5tEn] v 1 [I, Ipr] (a) ~ (to...) (from...)come or go back to a place 回; 返回: * return (home) from a holiday 度假归来 * return to Paris from London 从伦敦回巴黎 * She returned to collect her umbrella. 她回来取伞. (b) ~ (to sb/sth) come or go back to an earlier activity or condition 恢复原先的活动或情况: * doubts, symptoms, suspicions that return constantly 经常反覆出现的疑惑、 症状、 怀疑 * My good humour/spirits soon returned. 我的心情[情绪]很快又好起来了. * I shall return to this point (ie discuss it again) later. 我稍後再谈这个问题. * return to one's old habits 恢复旧习惯 * The bus service has returned to normal after the strike. 罢工结束後公共汽车恢复了正常的运营. 2 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.a, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sth/sb) bring, give, put or send sth back 带回、 归还、 放回或送回某物: * Please return all empties, ie empty milk bottles. 请把空瓶全部退回. * (fml 文) She returned the bird to its cage. 她把鸟放回笼子里. * I returned the letter unopened. 我把那封信原封退回了. * Please return me my 5/return my 5 to me. 请把我的5英镑还给我. (b) [Tn] give (sth) in response; reciprocate 给予（某事物）作为报答; 回报; 回礼: * return an invitation, a visit 回请、 回访 * return a greeting, stare, salute, etc 回应问候、 回瞪一眼、 还礼 * return a compliment/favour 回应赞语[报答恩惠] * I cannot return your love/affection. 我无法回报你的爱[情意]. * The enemy returned our fire. 敌人向我们还击. * He returned the blow smartly. 他狠狠地还击了一拳. (c) [Tn] (in cricket, tennis, etc) send (a ball) back （板球、 网球等）回击（球）: * return a shot, service, volley, etc 把对方的抽球、 发球、 凌空球击回. 3 [Tn] (fml 文) state or describe (sth) officially, esp in reply to a formal demand for information 正式宣布或表明（某事物）（尤指回应正式的询问）:

return1
* return the details of one's income, ie to a tax inspector 申报个人收入细目（报税） * The jury returned a verdict of guilty. 陪审团宣布裁决被告有罪. 4 [Tn] give (sth) as profit 产生（利润）: * Our investment accounts return a high rate of interest. 我们的投资项目利润回报很高. 5 [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: * Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.n/a] ~sb (to sth); ~ sb (as sth) elect sb as a Member of Parliament 选举某人为议员: * He was returned to Parliament with a decreased majority. 他以有所减少的多数票当选为议员. * Smith was returned as MP for Bath. 史密斯当选为巴斯市的议员. 6 [Tn] (dated 旧) say (sth) in answer; reply 回答说（某话）; 答覆: * `Never!’ he returned curtly. ‘决不!’他唐突地答道. 7 (idm 习语) return to the `fold (fml 文) rejoin a group of people, esp a religious or political group with similar beliefs or aims 重新加入组织（尤指具有相同之信仰或目标的宗教或政治组织）. 派生： returnable[-Ebl; -Ebl] adj that can or must be returned 可以或必须返回、 归还、 退还、 送回等的: * returnable bottles, crates, etc 可回收的瓶子、 板条箱等. returnee[7ritE:r'ni:; ri7tE'ni] n (US) person who returns from military service abroad, esp after a war 从国外服役归来的军人（尤指战後）. 复合： re`turning officer (Brit) official who conducts an election in a constituency and announces the result 选举监察官（负责选区内选举事宜并宣布选举结果者）.

reunion
[7ri:'ju:niEn; ri5junjEn] n 1 [U] reuniting or being reunited 再联合; 重聚: * a reunion between the two sisters 姊妹俩的重聚 * the reunion of the Democrats with the Liberals 民主党人与自由党人的再次联合. 2 [C] social gathering of people who were formerly friends, colleagues, etc （昔日朋友、 同事等的）团聚, 联谊活动: * emotional, touching, etc reunions 令人感动的、 激动的...团聚 * a family reunion at Christmas 圣诞节的合家团聚 * have/hold an annual reunion of war veterans 举行一年一度的老战友联欢会 * [attrib 作定语] a reunion dinner, celebration 重聚宴会、 庆祝会.

reunite
[7ri:ju:'nait; 7riju'nait] v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sb/sth) (with sb/sth) (cause sb/sth to) come together again （使某人[某事物]）再次联合, 重聚: * her hopes of reuniting with her family 她与家人团聚的希望 * attempts to reunite the Labour Party 为使工党重新团结起来的努力 * Parents were reunited with their lost children. 父母与失散的孩子们团圆了.

reuse
[7ri:'ju:z; ri5juz] v [Tn] use (sth) again 再用, 重新使用（某物）: * reuse an old envelope 使用旧信封. 派生： reuse[7ri:'ju:s; ri5jus] n [U] using or being used again 再用; 重新使用. reusable[7ri:'ju:zEbl; ri5juzEbl] adj that can be used again 可再次使用的; 可重复使用的: * reusable envelopes 可再次使用的信封 * reusable (ie rechargeable) batteries 可重复使用的电池（可充电的）.

rev
[rev; rev] n (usu pl 通常作复数) (infml 口) revolutionof an engine （发动机的）旋转: * run at maximum revs 开动发动机至最高转速 * doing a steady 4000 revs (per minute) 达到（每分钟）4000转的 定转速. 派生： rev v (-vv-) 1 [I, Ip] ~ (up) (of an engine) revolve; increase the speed of revolution （指发动机）旋转, 加快转速. 2 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) cause (an engine) to run esp quickly, as when starting a car 使（发动机）运转（尤指快速, 如起动汽车时）: Don't rev the engine so hard. 别让发动机转得太快. * Rev it up to warm the engine. 让发动机转起来预热.

revalue
[7ri:'vAlju:; ri5vAlju] v 1 [Tn] reassess the value of (sth) 对（某物）重新估价: * have your house revalued at today's prices 把你的房子按今日价格重新估价. 2 [I, Tn] increase the exchange value of (a currency) 调高（货币）的兑换价; 使（货币）升值: * The franc is to be revalued. 法郎的兑换价要调高. Cf 参看 devalue. 派生： revaluation[7ri:vAlju:'eiFn; 7rivAlju'eFEn] n [C, U] (instance of) revaluing 重新估价; （货币的）升值: * property revaluation 房地产的重新估价 * (a) further revaluation of the yen 日元的进一步升值.

revamp
[7ri:'vAmp; ri5vAmp] v [Tn] (infml 口) renew (sth), esp superficially; improve the appearance of 将（某物）更新（尤指外观）; 翻新: * revamp an old comedy routine with some new jokes 修改一个旧的喜剧节目使之增加些新笑料 * The department was revamped to try to improve its performance. 该部门进行了改组以改进工 作. * revamp a kitchen, study, etc, ie decorate or modernize it 装修厨房、 书房等.

reveal
[ri5vi:l; ri5vil] v 1 [Tn, Tf, Tw, Cn.t, Dn.pr, Dpr.f, Dpr.w] ~ sth (to sb) make (facts, etc) known 使（事实等）显露出来; 透露; 泄露; 揭露: * reveal secrets, details, methods, faults, feelings 泄露秘密、 披露详情、 透露方法、 揭露错误、 流露感情 * The survey revealed that the house was damp. 那所房子经检视表明很潮湿. * I can't reveal who told me. 我不能透露是谁告诉我的. * Her answers revealed her to be innocent. 她的回答显示出她无辜. * The doctor did not reveal the truth to him. 医生没有向他透露真相. * Teachers revealed to the press that they were going on strike/what action they were taking. 教师向报界透露他们将举行罢教[正在采取的行动]. 2 [Tn] cause or allow (sth) to be seen 展现或显示（某物）: * The open door revealed an untidy kitchen. 透过敞开的房门可以看见凌乱的厨房. * Close examination revealed a crack in the vase. 花瓶经仔细检查发现有裂璺. 派生： revealing adj 1 making (facts, etc) known 揭露（事实等）的; 暴露真相的: a revealing slip of the tongue, disclosure, comment 暴露真相的失言、 揭发、 评论 * This document is extremely revealing. 这份文件揭露出大量事实. 2 (usu preceded by very, most, rather, etc 通常用於very、 most、 rather等之後) causing or allowing (sth) to be seen 展现或显示（某物）的; 显露的: The X-ray was very revealing. 在X射线照射下问题十分清楚. * a rather revealing (ie low-cut) dress 袒胸露肩的连衣裙. 复合： re,vealed re`ligion religion believed to have been revealed to mankind directly by God 天启教（据信为直接由上帝启示於人类的宗教）.

reveille
[ri5vAli; - 'revEli; 5revli] n (also the reveille) [sing] military bugle, drum, etc signal to soldiers to get up in the morning （军队的）起床号、 鼓等: * sound (the) 5.30 reveille 5点30分吹起床号.

revel
[5revl; 5revl] v (-ll-; US -l-) 1 [I, Ipr] (dated or joc 旧或谑) make merry; celebrate noisily 作乐; 狂欢: * revelling until dawn 狂欢达旦. 2 (phr v) revel in sth/doing sth take great delight in sth 尽情享受某事情; 沉迷於某事物: * revelling in her new-found freedom 充分享受她新获得的自由 * revel in wielding power 醉心於行使权力. 派生： revel n (usu pl 通常作复数) (dated 旧) noisy celebrations 狂欢: holding midnight revels 举行午夜狂欢会. reveller (US reveler)[5revElE(r); 5revll] n (dated or joc 旧或谑) merry-maker 寻欢作乐的人: * late-night revellers leaving the pubs 夜深时分离开酒馆的寻欢作乐者.

revelation
[7revE'leiFn; 7revl'eFEn] n 1 [U] making known sth that was secret or hidden; revealing 显露; 泄露; 透露; 揭露: * divine revelation of truth 上帝对真理的启示 * the revelation of his identity 他的身分之暴露.2 [C] that which is revealed, esp sth surprising 被揭露的事, 暴露出来的事（尤指出人意料者）: * scandalous revelations in the press 新闻界对丑闻的揭露 * His Hamlet was a revelation to the critics, ie They did not expect him to act so well. 他扮演的哈姆雷特使评论界耳目一新（未料到演得如此之好）. 3 Revelation (Bible 《圣经》) the last book of the New Testament, also called The Revelation of St John the Divine, or (incorrectly) Revelations 《启示录》（《圣经．新约》的最後一卷）.

revelry
[5revlri; 5revlri] n [C usu pl, U 作可数名词时通常作复数, 亦作不可数名词] noisy celebrations; revels 狂欢; 作乐: * The revelries went on all night. 狂欢活动通宵达旦. * sounds of drunken revelry 酗酒作乐的吵闹声.

revenge
[ri5vendV; ri5vendV] n 1 [U] deliberate punishment or injury inflicted in return for what one has suffered 复仇; 报复: * thirsting for revenge 渴望报仇雪恨 * (saying 谚) Revenge is sweet. 报仇的滋味是甜的. 2 [U] desire to inflict this; vindictiveness 复仇的欲望; 报复心: * done in the spirit of revenge 在报复心驱使下干的. 3 [U] opportunity given to an opponent in a return game to reverse the result of an earlier one 使败方有机会获胜的再次比赛: * give Leeds their revenge 让利兹队有雪耻机会的比赛. 4 (idm 习语) get/have/take one's revenge (on sb) (for sth); take revenge (on sb) (for sth) return an injury 报仇; 报复: * They swore to take their revenge on the kidnappers. 他们发誓要向绑架者报仇. out of/in revenge (for sth) in order to return an injury 为了报复: * Terrorists bombed the police station in revenge for the arrests. 恐怖分子用炸弹袭击了警察局报复逮捕行动. 派生： revenge v 1 [Tn] (a) do sth to get satisfaction for (an offence, etc) 为（某事）报仇; 洗雪（耻辱等）: revenge an injustice, injury, insult, etc 对受到的冤屈、 伤害、 侮辱进行报复. (b) avenge (sb) 为（某人）报仇: determined to revenge his dead brother 决心替他死去的哥哥报仇. 2[Tn.pr] ~ oneself on sb get satisfaction by deliberatelyinflicting injury on sb in return for injury inflicted on oneself 向某人报仇. 3 (idm 习语) be revenged on sb revenge oneself on sb 向某人报仇. revengeful[-fl; -fl] adj feeling or showing a desire for revenge 复仇的; 报复的. revengefully[-fEli; -fEli] adv. revengefulness n [U].

revenue
[5revEnju:; - -Enu:; 5revE7nu] n 1 [U] income, esp the total annual income of the State from taxes, etc 收入; （尤指）岁入: * sources, channels of revenue 岁入的来源、 渠道 * public/private revenue 公共的[私人的]收入 * [attrib 作定语] a `revenue tax, ie one producing revenue contrasted with one protecting a country's trade 财政税. 2 revenues [pl] separate items of revenue put together 各项收入; 总收入: * the revenues of the City Council 市议会的总收入 * rising/falling oil revenues 逐渐增加的[逐渐减少的]石油收入.

reverberate
[ri5vE:bEreit; ri5vEbE7ret] v [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) echo or resound repeatedly （反复地）发出回声, 回响; 回荡: * The roar of the train reverberated in the tunnel. 火车的轰隆声在隧道里回荡. * The room reverberated with the noise of the shot. 房间里回响着枪声. * (fig 比喻) Shock waves reverberated round the department from the manager's resignation. 经理辞职一事在该部门引起轩然大波. 派生： reverberant[-bErEnt; -bErEnt] adj (fml 文). reverberation/ri7vE:bE'reiFn; ri7vEbE'reFEn] n 1 [U] reverberating or being reverberated 回声; 回响; 回荡; 反响. 2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] repeated echo 反复的回声: * the reverberations of the explosion 爆炸的回声 * (fig 比喻) the continuing reverberations (ie repercussions) of the scandal 该丑闻引起的一连串的反响.

revere
[ri5viE(r); ri5vir] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (for sth) (fml 文) feel deep respect or (esp religious) veneration for sb/sth 深为尊敬或（尤指宗教上）崇敬某人[某事物]: * revere virtue, human life, the church's teaching 崇尚美德、 尊重人的生命、 崇奉教义 * The professor was revered for his immense learning. 那教授学识渊博备受敬重.

reverence
[5revErEns; 5revErEns] n 1 [U] ~ (for sb/sth) feeling of deep respect or (esp religious) veneration尊敬; （尤指宗教的）崇敬: * He removed his hat as a sign of reverence. 他脱下帽子表示敬意. * He felt/had/showed great reverence for Leonardo. 他非常崇拜列奥纳多. 2 [C] (dated or joc 旧或谑) title used in speaking to or about a clergyman 对牧师的尊称: * your/his reverence 牧师 * Their reverences will have tea. 牧师要用茶. 派生： reverence v [Tn] (fml 文) treat (sb/sth) with reverence; revere 尊敬, 敬重（某人[某事物]）; 崇敬.

reverend
[5revErEnd; 5revErEnd] adj [attrib 作定语] 1 deserving to be treated with respect, esp because of age, etc 应受尊敬的, 值得敬重的（尤指因年纪大等）. 2 the Reverend (abbrs 缩写 Rev, Revd) (used as the title of a clergyman 用作神职人员的尊称): * the Rev John/J/Mr Smith 约翰[J]史密斯牧师 (but not 但不可作 the Rev Smith); the Very Reverend, of a dean （指教长）;the Right Reverend, of a bishop （指主教）; the Most Reverend, of an archbishop or Irish Roman Catholic bishop （指大主教或爱尔兰天主教的主教）; the Reverend Father, of a Roman Catholic priest （指天主教的司铎）. 复合： ,Reverend `Mother (title of a) Mother Superior of a convent 女修道院院长（的称号）.

reverent
[5revErEnt; 5revErEnt] adj feeling or showing reverence 虔敬的; 恭敬的: * reverent attitudes, gestures, etc 恭敬的态度、 姿势等. > reverently adv: * wreaths laid reverently on the coffin 端端正正摆放在灵柩上的花圈.

reverential
[7revE'renFl; 7revE'renFEl] adj (fml 文) caused by or showing reverence 出於尊敬的; 恭敬的: * ushered in with a reverential bow 以鞠躬礼相迎. > reverentially[-FEli; -FEli] adv.

reverie
[5revEri; 5revEri] n [U, C] (state of having) idle and pleasant thoughts 幻想; 空想; 遐想: * be deep, sunk, lost in reverie 沉浸在、 沉溺於、 陷入幻想中 * She fell into a reverie about her childhood. 她沉浸在对童年往事的遐思中.

revers
[ri5viE(r); rE'vir] n (pl unchanged 复数不变[-IEz; -Irz/) (usu pl 通常作复数) edge of a coat, jacket, etc, turned back to show the reverse side (eg on a lapel or cuff) （大衣、 外套等的）翻边（如翻领或翻袖口的）.

reversal
[ri5vE:sl; ri5vEsl] n [C, U] 1 (instance of) making sth the opposite of what it was; turning around 反转; 倒向; 颠倒: * a dramatic reversal of her earlier decision 她的突然改变决定 * a reversal of the usual procedures, tendencies, opinions 常规的颠倒、 趋势的扭转、 意见的转变 * (fig 比喻) His luck suffered a cruelreversal, ie change for the worse. 他遭逢厄运. 2 (instanceof) exchanging two positions, functions, etc （位置、 功能等的）转换: * role reversal/reversal of roles, eg between husband and wife when the husband looks after the house and children while the wife works 角色的转换（如夫妻之间由男方料理家务、 照看小孩而女方工作）.

reverse
1[ri5vE:s; ri5vEs] adj 1 [attrib 作定语] ~ (of/to sth) contrary or opposite to what is expected （与预期的事）相反的; 未料到的: * reverse tendencies, processes 相反的趋势、 过程 * Statistics showed a reverse trend to that recorded in other countries. 统计数字表明这种趋向与其他国家所示情况迥异. 2 (idm 习语) in/into reverse `order from the end towards the start; backwards 顺序相反; 反向: * Count down in reverse order 10, 9, 8... 倒数--10、 9、 8... * Put the letters in `madam' into reverse order and they still read `madam'. 把madam这个字的字母排列顺序颠倒过来, 仍读作madam. 复合： reverse gear = reverse2 4a. reverse turn = reverse2 4b.

revert
[ri5vE:t; ri5vEt] v [Ipr] 1 ~ to sth (a) return to (a former state or condition) 恢复（原状）: * fields that have reverted to moorland, ie are no longer cultivated 重又变成高沼池的田地（不再耕作的）. (b) (fml 文) return to (a former practice or habit) 恢复（原先的作法或习惯）: * revert to smoking when under stress 因受到压力又恢复了吸烟的习惯 * After her divorce she reverted to (using) her maiden name. 她离婚後又重新使用娘家的姓. 2 ~ to sth (fml 文) return to (a topic in talk or thought) 回到（原话题或思路）: * To revert/Reverting to your earlier question,... 谈到你原先提的那个问题, ... * The conversation kept reverting to the subject of money. 谈话的内容总是离不开钱的事. * Her thoughts often reverted to Italy. 她念念不忘意大利. 3 (~ to sb/sth) (law 律) (of property, rights, etc) return or pass to the original owner, the State, etc （指财产、 权利等）复归或归属於（原主、 国家等）: * If he dies without an heir, his property reverts to the state. 他死後若无继承人, 其财产则归国家所有. 4 (idm 习语) revert to type return to a natural or an original condition 回复到自然的或原先的状况: * Once a socialist, she has now reverted to type and votes Tory like her parents. 她一度信仰社会主义, 但现已归真反璞像她父母一样投票支持保守党了. 派生： reversion/ri5vE:Fn; - -Vn; ri5vEVEn] n 1 [U, sing] reverting 恢复; 回复; 回归; 复归: * (a) reversion to swamp, old methods, former habits 以前之沼泽状况、 老方法、 旧习惯之恢复. 2 (law 律) (a) [C] right to possess property, etc when its present owner dies or gives it up 未来所有权（目前财产等所有者死後或放弃所有权的）. (b) [U] returning of a right or property to the original owner, the State, etc 复归权（权利或财产的复归原主或国家等）: * succeed to an estate in reversion 获得一地产的复归权. reversionary/ri5vE:FEnEri; --VEneri; ri5vEVEn7eri]

revert1
adj [attrib 作定语] (law 律): * reversionary rights 未来所有权或复归权. revertible/ri5vE:tEbl; ri5vEtEbl] adj.

revetment
[ri5vetmEnt; ri5vetmEnt] n 1 facing of masonry,concrete, sandbags, etc on a wall or an embankment, esp of a fortification 铺面, 砌面（护墙或护堤所用的砖石、 混凝土、 沙袋等结构）（尤指用於工事的）. 2 retaining wall 挡土墙; 拥壁.

review
[ri5vju:; ri5vju] n 1 [U, C] (act of) re-examinationor reconsideration 复查; 重新考虑: * The terms of the contract are subject to review. 合同的条款有待复查决定. * a radical review of manufacturing methods 对生产方法 的彻底检查. 2 [C] survey or report of past events or a subject 回顾; 检讨; 述评; 汇报: * an annual, monthly, etc review of progress 年度、 月度等进展情况的报告 * a review of the year's sport 全年体育活动回顾 * a wide-ranging review of recent developments in wildlife conservation 在保护野生动植物方面最新进展的面面观. 3 [C] (a) published report that assesses the merits of a book, film, etc 书评、 影评等: * The play got splendid, excellent, unfavourable, etc reviews. 该剧受到高度的、 极好的、 很糟的评价. * [attrib 作定语] a review copy, ie a copy of a book, etc sent by the publishers to a periodical for review 供评论用的赠阅本（出版者赠给期刊的）. (b) (section of a) periodical containing reviews, etc 有评论文章等的期刊（的专栏）: * a scientific, musical, etc review 科学的、 音乐的...期刊 * the London Review of Books 《伦敦书评》. 4 [C] ceremonial display and inspection of troops, a fleet, etc （部队、 舰队等的）检阅, 阅兵式: * hold a review 举行阅兵式. 5 (idm 习语) be/come under re`view; be/come up for re`view be (due to be) re-examined or reconsidered 在复查或重新考虑中: * Our contracts are currently under review. 我们的合同正在复查. * Your case is coming up for review in May. 你的事情将在五月再研究. keep sth under re`view re-examine sth continually 不断复查某事物: * Salaries are kept under constant review. 薪金问题要一直不断审订. 派生： review v 1 [Tn] (a) re-examine or reconsider (sth) 复查或重新考虑（某事物）: The government is reviewing the situation. 政府正在重新检讨形势. (b) go over (esp past events) in one's mind; survey 思考（尤指往事）; 回顾: review one's successes and failures 反省自己的成败

review1
* review one's progress 回顾自己的进程. 2 [I, Ipr, Tn] write a review of (a book, film, etc) for publication写（书、 影片等）的评论文章: She reviews for `The Spectator'. 她为《观众》杂志写评论. * The play was well/favourably reviewed. 该剧受到好评. 3 [Tn] inspect (troops, a fleet, etc) ceremonially 检阅（部队、 舰队等）. 4 [Tn] (esp US) go over (work already learnt) in preparation for an exam; revise 复习（功课）. reviewer n person who writes reviews of books, etc 书评等的撰写人; 评论家: a play which reviewers have praised highly 评论家高度评价的剧.

revile
[ri5vail; ri5vail] v [Tn] (fml 文) criticize (sb/sth), in angry and abusive language 痛斥, 谩骂（某人[某事物]）.

revise
[ri5vaiz; ri5vaiz] v 1 [Tn] re-examine (sth), esp in order to correct or improve it 复查（某事物）; （尤指）复核, 校订, 修正: * revised proposals, estimates, rules, figures 修正的提案、 估计、 规则、 数字 * revise a manuscript before publication 审校手稿以备出版 * revise one's opinion of sb 改变对某人的看法. 2 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (for sth) (Brit) go over (work already done) in preparation for an examination 复习（功课）: * She's revising (her history notes) for the test. 她正在复习（历史课笔记）准备测验. 派生： revise n (usu pl 通常作复数) (in printing) proof-sheet in which errors marked in an earlier proof have been corrected （印刷业务中的）再校样, 二校样. revision/ri5viVn; ri5viVEn] n (a) [U] ~ (for sth) revising or being revised 复查; 校订; 修正; 改正; 复习: * Our budget needs drastic revision. 我们的预算需作重大修改. * (Brit) do some revision for the exam/some exam revision 为准备考试而复习. (b) [C] instance of this 复查; 校订; 修正; 改正; 复习: * undergo a final revision 经最後修订. (c) [C] thing that has been revised 经修订或改正之物; 修订本; 修订版: * submit the revision of a novel for publication 送交小说的修订本准备出版. 复合：the Re,vised ,Standard `Version revision of the Bible made in 1946-57 《圣经》修订标准本（1946-1957年间修订而成）. the Re,vised `Version revision by British scholars in 1870-84 of the Authorized Version of the Bible 《圣经》修订本（英国学者於1870-1884年间根据《圣经》钦定本修订而成）.

revisionism
[ri5viVEnizEm; ri5viVEn7izEm] n [U] (esp derog 尤作贬义) changes to, or questioning of, orthodox political doctrines or practices, esp Marxism 修正主义（尤指针对马克思主义的）. > revisionist[-VEnist;-VEnist] n [attrib 作定语]: * revisionist tendencies 修正主义倾向.

revitalize, revitalise
[ri:'vaitElaiz; ri5vaitl7aiz] v [Tn] put new life into (sth); regenerate 使（某事物）恢复生机; 使新生; 使再兴: * revitalize industry, the economy, education, etc 振兴工业、 经济、 教育等 * Her appointment as leader revitalized the party. 她担任领袖後, 该党获得了转机. > revitalization, -isation/ri:7vaitElai'zeiFn; - -li'z-; 7rivaitli'zeFEn] n [U].

revival
[ri5vaivl; ri5vaivl] n 1 [U, C] coming or bringing back to health, strength or consciousness; recovery （健康、 力量或知觉的）恢复, 复原, 重振, 苏醒: * the patient's speedy revival after her operation 女病人在手术後的迅速康复 * (fig 比喻) the revival of hope, interest, ambition 希望、 兴趣、 雄心的恢复 * Our economy is undergoing a revival. 我们的经济正处於复兴阶段. 2 (a) [U] coming or bringing back into use, activity, fashion, etc 重新使用; 恢复活动; 重新流行: * the revival of old customs, values, skills 旧的习俗、 价值观念、 技艺的恢复 * the revival of the Welsh language 威尔士语的重新流行. (b) [C] instance of this 重新使用; 恢复活动; 重新流行: * a religious, commercial, political revival 宗教的、 商业的、 政治上的复兴. 3 [C] new production of a play, etc that has not been performed for some time （戏剧等的）重演: * stage a revival of a Restoration comedy 重新上演英国王政复辟时期的喜剧. 4 [U, C] (religion 宗) (series of public meetings, etc to promote a) reawakening of (esp Christian) faith 奋兴活动, 奋兴大会（尤指旨在促进基督教信仰的）: * preach (the spirit of) revival 作奋兴布道 * [attrib 作定语] televised revival meetings 用电视播放的宗教奋兴大会. 派生： revivalism[-vElizEm; -vlizEm] n [U] process of reawakening religious faith 宗教奋兴运动. revivalist[-vElist; -vlist] n person who organizes or conducts religious revival meetings 宗教奋兴大会的组织者或主持者: * [attrib 作定语] revivalist campaigns, missions, etc 宗教奋兴家的宣传活动、 布道等.

revive
[ri5vaiv; ri5vaiv] v 1 [I, Tn] come or bring (sb/sth) back to health, strength or consciousness （使某人[某物]）恢复健康、 力量或知觉: * The flowers will revive in water. 这些花一浇水就能活过来. * She fainted but the brandy soon revived her. 她昏迷了, 但喂她些白兰地酒就很快醒过来了. * (fig 比喻) Our failing hopes/spirits revived. 我们破灭的希望又重新燃起[低落的情绪又重新振作起来]. 2 [I, Tn] come or bring (sth) back into use, activity, fashion, etc 重新使用（某事物）; 使（某事物）恢复活动或重新流行: * revive old practices, customs, trends, etc 恢复旧做法、 再兴旧习俗、 重现某倾向 * efforts to revive the mini-skirt 为使超短裙重新流行而做的努力. 3 [Tn] stage again a play, etc that has not been performed for some time 重新上演（戏剧等）: * revive a 1930's musical 重新上演20世纪30年代的歌舞喜剧.

revivify
[ri:'vivifai; ri5vivE7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn] (fml 文) give new life or liveliness to (sth); revitalize 给予（某事物）新生命或活力; 复兴.

revocation
[7revE'keiFn; 7revE'keFEn] n [C, U] (fml 文) (instance of) revoking or being revoked 撒消; 取消; 废除: * the revocation of laws, contracts, etc 法规的废除、 合同的取消.

revoke
[ri5vEuk; ri5vok] v 1 [Tn] (fml 文) withdraw or cancel (a decree, permit, etc) 撤消或废除（法令等）; 吊销（许可证）: * revoke orders, promises 撤消命令、 允诺 * His driving licence was revoked after the crash. 他撞车後驾驶执照吊销了. 2 [I] (of a player in a card-game) fail to play a card of the same suit as the leading player although able to do so （指玩纸牌者）藏牌, 有牌不跟.

revolt
[ri5vEult; ri5volt] v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (against sb/sth) (a) rise in rebellion (against authority) 反叛（当权者）:The people revolted against the military dictator/dictatorship.人民反抗军事独裁者[的统治]. (b) express protest or defiance 反抗; 违抗: * revolt against parental discipline 抗拒父母的教导. 2 [Ipr, Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] ~ against/at sth (cause sb to) feel horror or disgust （使某人）憎恶或讨厌: * Human nature revolts against/at such cruelty. 人出自本性厌恶这种暴行. * I was revolted by his dirty habit of spitting. 我很讨厌他随地吐痰的恶习. 派生： revolt n 1 (a) [U] act or state of rebelling or defying authority 叛乱; 反叛; 反抗; 违抗: a period of open, armed, political revolt 公开的、 武装的、 政治的叛乱时期 * stir, incite, etc militant party members to revolt 鼓动、 煽动...激进的党员反党 * quell, put down, etc a revolt 镇压、 平息...叛乱. (b) [C] instance of this 叛乱; 反叛; 违抗: The army has put down/suppressed the revolt. 军队镇压[平息]了叛乱. * a revolt against conformity 对习俗的反抗. 2 (idm 习语) in revolt state of having revolted (revolt 1a) 叛乱; 反叛; 反抗; 违抗: The people broke out/rose in revolt. 人民起来造反了.

revolting
[ri5vEultiN; ri5voltiN] adj (a) causing disgust or horror 使人讨厌或憎恶的: * revolting atrocities 使人憎恨的暴行. (b) (infml 口) nasty or unpleasant 令人作呕的; 令人不愉快的: * His feet smelt revolting. 他双脚散发的气味让人恶心. * a revolting mixture of pasta and curry 令人作呕的面食和咖喱的混合食品. > revoltingly adv: * revoltingly wet weather 潮湿得让人难受的天气.

revolution
[7revE'lu:Fn; 7revE'luFEn] n 1 [C, U] (instanceof the) overthrow of a system of government, esp by force 革命: * He has lived through two revolutions. 他经历了两次革命. * the French Revolution, ie in 1789 法国大革命（1789年） * foment, stir up revolution 激起、 鼓动革命 * In politics, evolution is better than revolution. 从政治方面来说, 演变比革命好. 2 [C] ~ (in sth) (fig 比喻) complete or drastic change of method, conditions, etc （方法、 情况等的）彻底改变, 重大变革: * a revolution in the treatment of cancer 在癌症治疗上的重大突破 * a genetic, technological, etc revolution 遗传学的、 技术上的飞跃 * Credit cards have brought about a revolution in people's spending habits. 信用卡的使用给人们的消费习惯带来巨大改变. 3 [C, U] ~ (on/round sth) (a) (act of) revolving or rotating, esp of one planet round another 旋转, 运行（尤指行星绕另一行星的）: * make, describe a full revolution 旋转、 转动一周 * the revolution of the earth on its axis round the sun 地球以太阳为轴的旋转. (b) (process of making a) single complete movement or turn round a central point （围绕中心点）旋转一周: * a record designed to be played at 45 revolutions per minute 每分钟45转的唱片. 派生： revolutionary[-FEnEri; - -neri; -FEn7eri] adj 1 [usu attrib 通常作定语] of political revolution 革命的: * revolutionary parties, leaders, activities 革命政党、 领袖、 活动. 2 involving complete or drastic change 彻底改变的; 重大变革的: * Genetic engineering will have revolutionaryconsequences for mankind. 遗传工程将对人类产生深远的影响. n person who begins or supports a political revolution 革命者; 革命活动家. revolutionize, -ise[-FEnaiz; -FEn7aiz] v [Tn] cause (sth) to change completely or drastically 使（某事物）发生根本性的或巨大的改变: * Computers have revolutionizedbanking. 计算机的运用彻底改变了银行业务运作.

revolve
[ri5vClv; ri5valv] v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (around/round sth) (on sth) (of a planet, etc) move in a circular orbit （指行星等）在轨道上运行: * The earth revolves round the sun (on its axis). 地球（以太阳为轴）绕太阳公转. 2 [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (around/round/on sth) (cause sth to) go round in a circle; rotate （使某物）作圆周运动, 旋转, 转动: * A wheel revolves round/on its axis. 轮子是绕轴旋转的. * The mechanism that revolves the turntable is broken. 带动转盘旋转的机械装置坏了. * (fig fml 比喻, 文) revolve sth in one's mind, ie consider sth carefully 仔细考虑某事物. 3 (phr v) revolve around sb/sth have sb/sth as its chief concern; centre on sb/sth 以某人[某事物]为中心: * My life revolves around my job. 我的工作是我生活的中心. * He thinks that everything revolves around him. 他认为一切事情都要以他为主. 派生： revolving adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] that rotates 旋转的; 转动的: a revolving chair, hat-stand 转椅、 旋转帽架 * This theatre has a revolving stage. 这家戏院的舞台是旋转式的. re,volving `credit (finance 财) credit that is automatically renewed up to a fixed amount, as part of the debt is paid 循环信贷（一俟偿还部分债款即自动恢复到原定数额）. revolving `door door with four or more partitions turning on a central axis to keep out draughts 旋转门.

revolver
[ri5vClvE(r); ri5valvl] n pistol with a revolving chamber from which bullets are fed into the breech for firing 左轮手枪: * draw one's revolver 掏出左轮手枪. =>illus at gun 见gun插图.

revue
[ri5vju:; ri5vju] n [C, U] (type of) theatrical entertainment consisting of a mixture of dialogue, song and dance, esp of a topical and satirical nature 时事讽刺剧: * a political revue 政治讽刺剧 * act, appear, perform, etc in revue 演出时事讽刺剧 * [attrib 作定语] revue artistes 时事讽刺剧表演者.

revulsion
[ri5vQlFn; ri5vQlFEn] n [U, sing] 1 ~ (against/at/from sth) feeling of disgust or horror 厌恶; 憎恶: * feel a sense of revulsion at the bloodshed 对伤害人的行为深恶痛绝 * She stared at the snake in revulsion. 她盯着那条蛇, 感到很厌恶. 2 (fml 文) sudden violent change of feeling; reaction 感情的急剧转变; 剧烈反应: * a revulsion of public feeling in favour of the accused 舆论之突然转向同情被告.

reward
[ri5wC:d; ri5wCrd] n 1 [U] recompense for work, merit or services 报答; 报偿: * work without hope of reward 没有希望获得报偿的工作 * He received a medal in reward for his bravery. 他因表现勇敢而获得了一枚奖章. 2 [C] something given or received in return for work, merit or services 报酬; 酬金: * reap, receive one's just reward 获得应有的报酬 * emotional, intellectual, financial rewards 感情方面的、 知识方面的、 财务方面的报酬 * One reward of my job is meeting people. 我在工作中的一个收获是能认识许多人. 3 [C] sum of money offered for the capture of a criminal, return of lost property, etc （为捉捕罪犯、 寻回失去财物等的）赏金, 奖赏: * A 1000 reward has been offered for the return of the stolen painting. 悬赏1000英镑寻找失窃的画. 4 (idm 习语) virtue is its own reward => virtue. 派生： reward v [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth/doing sth) give a reward to sb 给某人报酬; 奖赏某人: Is this how you reward me for helping/my help? 你就这样报答我对你的帮助吗? * She rewarded him with a smile. 她向他报之以一笑. * His persistence was rewarded when the car finally started. 他那些力气没有白费, 汽车终於启动了. * Anyone providing information which leads to the recovery of the painting will be rewarded. 凡提供线索有助於寻回该画者可获报酬. rewarding adj (of an activity, etc) worth doing; satisfying （指活动等）值得做的, 令人满意的: a rewardingfilm, study, trip 有益的影片、 研究、 旅行 * Gardening is a very rewarding pastime. 园艺劳动是非常有益的消遣. * Teaching is not very rewarding financially, ie not very well paid. 教书的工作报酬不太高.

rewire
[7ri:'waiE(r); ri5wair] v [Tn] renew the electrical wiring of (a building, etc) 给（建 物等）换新电线: * The house has been completely rewired. 这所房子已全部换上了新电线.

reword
[7ri:'wE:d; ri5wEd] v [Tn] change the wording of (sth spoken or written) 改变...的措辞; 改说; 改写: * reword a telegram to save money 改写电文以节省费用.

rewrite
[7ri:'rait; ri5rait] v (pt rewrote[-'rEut; -'rot] , pp rewritten[-'ritn; -'ritn] ) [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.n/a] ~ sth (for sth); ~ sth (as sth) write (sth) again in a different form or style 重写; 改写: * rewrite the script for radio/as a radio play 把原稿改写成广播稿[广播剧] * The essay needs to be rewritten. 这篇文章需要重写. 派生： rewrite[5ri:rait; 5ri7rait] n thing rewritten 重写或改写的文稿: * do a complete rewrite of the original speech 把原讲稿全面改写.

Rex
[reks; reks] n (Latin 拉) (used esp in signatures on proclamations or in the titles of lawsuits 尤用於签署文告或诉讼案之标题) reigning king （在位）君主, 国王: * George Rex 乔治国王 * (law 律) Rex v Hill 王国政府诉讼希尔案. Cf 参看 Regina.

RFC
abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Rugby Football Club 橄榄球俱乐部.

rh
abbr 缩写 = right hand 右手. Cf 参看 lh.

rhapsody
[5rApsEdi; 5rApsEdi] n 1 (music 音) (often in titles 常用於标题) romantic composition in irregular form 狂想曲: * Liszt's Hungarian Rhapsodies 李斯特的《匈牙利狂想曲》. 2 (idm 习语) go into rhapsodies (over sb/sth) express enthusiasm or delight in speech or writing （言语或文字中）表现热情或喜悦: * The guests went into rhapsodies over the food. 宾客对食物交口称赞. 派生： rhapsodic/rAp'sCdik; rAp'sadik] adj (esp ironic 尤作反语) expressing enthusiasm or delight 热情的; 欣喜的: * The rejection of their pay claim was given a less than rhapsodic reception by the miners. 矿工要求提高工资遭到拒绝而甚为恼火. rhapsodize, -ise[5rApsEdaiz; 5rApsE7daiz] v [I, Ipr] ~ (about/over sb/sth) (esp ironic 尤作反语) talk or write with great enthusiasm (about sb/sth) 极热情地说或写（某人[某事物]的事）.

rhea
[riE; 5riE] n three-toed ostrich of S America 奥鸟, 美洲鸵鸟（南美洲产之叁趾鸵鸟）.

rheostat
[5ri:EstAt; 5riE7stAt] n instrument used to control the current in an electrical circuit by varying the resistance in it 变阻器.

rhesus
[5ri:sEs; 5risEs] n (also `rhesus monkey) small monkey common in N India, often used in biological experiments 恒河猴（印度北部产, 常用於生物学实验）. 复合： `Rhesus factor (also Rh factor/a:r'eitF fktE(r);7ar 'etF 7fAktl] ) (medical 医) substance present in the blood of most people and some animals, causing a blood disorder in a new-born baby whose blood is Rhesus-positive (ie containing this substance) while the mother's is Rhesus-negative (ie not containing it) Rh因子.

rhetoric
[5retErik; 5retErik] n [U] 1 (art of) using language impressively or persuasively, esp in public speaking 修辞; 修辞艺术; 修辞学: * impassioned rhetoric 富有表现力的修辞. 2 (derog 贬) elaborate language which is intended to impress but is often insincere, meaningless or exaggerated 华丽的词藻（常含华而不实之意）; 虚夸的言辞: * the empty rhetoric of politicians 政客们的花言巧语.

rhetorical
[ri5tCrikl; - -'tC:r-; ri5tCrikl] adj 1 of the art of rhetoric 修辞的; 修辞学的: * rhetorical figures such as hyperbole 修辞手段, 如夸张法. 2 (derog 贬) in or using rhetoric(2) 词藻华丽的; 虚夸的: * rhetorical speeches 词藻华丽的台词. > rhetorically[-kli; -kli] adv. 复合： rhe,torical `question question asked only for dramatic effect and not to seek an answer, eg Who cares? (ie Nobody cares) 反问（如Who cares?即Nobody cares）.

rheumatic
[ru:'mAtik; ru'mAtik] adj of, causing or affected by rheumatism 风湿病的; 引起风湿病的; 风湿病造成的: * a rheumatic condition, pain, joint 风湿病、 风湿痛、 患风湿病的关节. 派生： rheumatic n person who suffers from rheumatism 风湿病患者. rheumaticky adj (infml 口) rheumatic 风湿病的. rheumatics n [pl] (infml 口) rheumatism 风湿病. 复合： rheumatic `fever serious form of rheumatism with fever, chiefly in children 风湿热.

rheumatism
[5ru:mEtizEm; 5rumE7tizEm] n [U] any of several diseases causing pain, stiffness and inflammation in the muscles and joints 风湿病: * contract, developrheumatism 患、 得风湿病. Cf 参看 arthritis, fibrositis.

rheumatoid
[5ru:mEtCid; 5rumE7tCid] adj of rheumatism类风湿病的; 风湿性的. 复合： ,rheumatoid ar`thritis chronic progressive form of arthritis causing inflammation, esp in the joints of the hands, wrists, knees and feet 风湿性关节炎.

rhinestone
[5rainstEun; 5rain7ston] n imitation diamond 莱茵石（仿钻石制品）.

rhino
[5rainEu; 5raino] n (pl unchanged or ~s 复数或不变或作 rhinos[-nEuz; -noz] ) (infml 口) rhinoceros 犀牛: * black/white rhino 黑[白]犀牛 * [attrib 作定语] rhino horn 犀牛角. =>illus 见插图.

rhinoceros
[rai'nCsErEs; rai'nasErEs] n (pl unchanged or ~es 复数或不变或作 rhinoceroses) 1 large thick-skinned heavily-built animal of Africa and S Asia, with either one or two horns on its nose 犀牛（产於非洲及亚洲南部）. 2 (idm 习语) have, etc a hide/skin like a rhi`noceros show insensitivity to attack, criticism, insults, etc （对受攻击、 批评、 侮辱等）麻木不仁.

rhizome
[5raizEum; 5raizom] n (botany 植) root-like stem of some plants, growing along or under the ground and sending out both roots and shoots 根茎; 根状茎. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page ii.

rhododendron
[7rEudE'dendrEn; 7rodE'dendrEn] (US also rosebay) n evergreen shrub with large clusters of trumpet-shaped red, purple, pink or white flowers 杜鹃花.

rhombus
[5rCmbEs; 5rambEs] n geometric figure with four equal sides and angles which are not right angles (eg the diamond or lozenge shape on playing cards) 菱形. =>illus at quadrilateral 见quadrilateral插图. 派生： rhomboid[5rCmbCid; 5rambCid] adj in the shape of a rhombus 菱形的. n rhombus of which only the opposite sides and angles are equal 长菱形; 长斜方形. =>illus at quadrilateral 见quadrilateral插图.

rhubarb
[5ru:ba:b; 5rubarb] n [U] 1 (garden plant with) fleshy reddish leaf-stalks that are cooked and eaten like fruit 大黄; 大黄茎: * [attrib 作定语] rhubarb pie 大黄馅饼. 2 (infml 口) (word that crowd actors repeat to simulate the babble of voices on stage 为制造人声嘈杂的舞台效果, 群众演员反复说的道白).

rhyme
[raim; raim] n 1 [U] sameness of sound between words or syllables, esp the endings of lines of verse, as in day, away; visit, is it; puff, rough 韵, （尤指）韵脚（如day和away、 visit和is it、 puff和rough）. 2 [C] ~ (for/to sth) word that provides a rhyme for another 押韵词; 同韵词: * Is there a rhyme for/to `hiccups'? 有和hiccups押韵的词吗? 3 [C] verse or verses with rhymes 押韵的诗; 韵文: * sing nursery rhymes to the children 给孩子们唱儿歌. 4 [U] rhyming form 押韵的形式; 韵律: * a story toldin rhyme 用韵文讲的故事 * Can you put that into rhyme?你能把它改写成韵文吗? 5 (idm 习语) neither, no, little, etc ,rhyme or `reason no sense or logic 毫无道理: * a decision without rhyme or reason 毫无道理的决定 * There's neither rhyme nor reason in his behaviour. 他的举动莫名其妙. * English spelling has little rhyme or reason. 英文字的拼法没什麽规律. 派生： rhyme v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) put (words) together to form a rhyme 使（词）押韵: You can rhyme `hiccups' and/with `pick-ups'. 用hiccups可和pick-ups押韵. * rhymed verse 押韵的诗. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) (of words or lines of verse) form a rhyme （指词或诗句）押韵: `Though' and `through' don't rhyme, and neither rhymes with `tough'. though和through不押韵, 这两个词跟tough也不押韵. rhymed adj having rhymes 押韵的: rhymed couplets 押韵的对句. 复合： `rhyming slang form of slang which replaces words with rhyming words or phrases, eg apples and pears for stairs 同韵俚语（以同韵的词或短语作为替代语的俚语形式, 如以apples and pears代替stairs）.

rhythm
[5riTEm; 5riTEm] n 1 (a) [U] pattern produced by emphasis and duration of notes in music or by stressed and unstressed syllables in words （音乐或词语的）节奏. (b) [C] instance of this 节奏: * play the same tune in/with a different rhythm 用不同节奏演奏同一个曲子 * Latin-American rhythms 拉丁美洲的音乐节奏. (c) [U, C] movement with a regular succession of strong and weak elements 节律: * the rhythm of her heart/pulse beating 她的心跳[脉搏]的节律. 2 [U] (infml 口) ability to move, dance, etc in time with a fixed beat 节奏感: * a natural sense of rhythm 天生的节奏感. 3 [U, C] (fig 比喻) constantly recurring sequence of events or processes （事件或过程）有规律的反复出现: * the rhythm of the tides, seasons 潮汐的涨落、 四季的循环 * biological rhythms, eg of the human body 生物节律（如人体的）. 派生： rhythmic[5riTmik; 5riTmik] (also rhythmical)[ 5rITmIkl; `rITmIkl/ adj having rhythm 有节奏的; 有规律的: * rhythmic breathing 有规律的呼吸 * the rhythmictread of marching feet 有节奏的行进步伐. rhythmically[-klI; -klI/ adv. 复合： ,rhythm and `blues type of popular music based on the blues 节奏与布鲁斯（由布鲁斯演变的流行音乐）. `rhythm method method of contraception by avoiding sexual intercourse near the time of ovulation 安全期避孕法.

RI
abbr 缩写 = (Brit) (on coins) Queen and Empress; King and Emperor (Latin Regina et Imperatrix; Rex et Imperator) （钱币上的）女王和女皇, 国王和皇帝（源自拉丁文Regina et Imperatrix; Rex et Imperator）.

rib
[rib; rib] n 1 (a) [C] any one of the 12 pairs of curved bones extending from the backbone round the chest in humans （人的）肋骨: * broken, fractured, bruised, etc ribs 折断的、 断裂的、 挫伤的...肋骨 * dig sb/give sb a dig (ie nudge or poke sb) in the ribs 触某人的肋部. =>illus at skeleton 见skeleton插图. (b) [C] corresponding bone in animals （动物的）肋骨, 肋条. 2 [U, C] cut ofmeat from the ribs of an animal （肋部的）排骨: * barbecued spare-ribs 烤猪排骨. 3 [C] curved part of the structure of sth resembling a rib 类似肋骨的结构: * the ribs of a leaf, an umbrella, a fan, a boat 叶主脉、 伞骨、 扇骨、 船的肋材. 4 [U, C] (stitch producing a) raised line in knitting （织物的）凸起条纹, 罗纹: * cuffs knitted in rib 织成罗纹的袖口. 派生： rib v (-bb-) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (about/for sth) (infml 口) make fun of sb in a good-natured way; tease 逗弄某人; 戏弄: She was constantly ribbed about her accent. 人家总拿她的口音开玩笑. * rib sb for being shy 取笑某人害羞. ribbed adj (esp of fabrics) having raised lines （尤指织物）有凸起条纹的, 有罗纹的: ribbed tights/stockings 罗纹裤袜[长统袜] * ribbed corduroy trousers 条绒裤子. ribbing n [U] 1 pattern of raised lines in knitting （织物的）凸条花样, 罗纹. 2 (infml 口) good-natured teasing 逗乐; 戏弄: He takes a good ribbing, ie can accept being teased. 他不怕人家拿他取笑. 复合： `rib-cage n framework of ribs round the chest 胸廓. `rib-tickling adj (infml 口) funny or amusing 滑稽的; 有趣的.

ribald
[5ribld; 5ribld] adj humorous in a vulgar, obscene or disrespectful way （以粗俗、 下流或无礼的方式）幽默的: * ribald humour, talk, laughter 粗俗可笑的幽默、 谈话、 笑声. 派生： ribaldry[5ribldri; 5ribldri] n [U] ribald language or behaviour 粗俗可笑的言语或行为.

ribbon
[5ribEn; 5ribEn] n 1 [C, U] (length of) silk, nylon, etc woven in a narrow strip and used for tying sth or for ornament （丝、 尼龙等的）困扎带, 装饰带: * Her hair was tied back with a black ribbon. 她的头发用黑缎带扎在後面. * lengths of ribbon hung from the bride's bouquet 从新娘的花束上垂下来的丝带 * [attrib 作定语] ribbon bows/rosettes 丝带蝴蝶结[玫瑰花结] * (fig 比喻) a ribbon of land stretching out into the sea 伸入海中的狭长陆地. 2 [C] ribbon of a special colour, pattern, etc worn to show the award of a medal, an order, etc （奖章、 勋章、 勋位等的）绶带, 勋带, 勋表. 3 [C] long narrow inked strip of material used in a typewriter, etc （打字机等的）色带: * change the typewriter ribbon 更换打字机的色带. 4 [pl] ragged strips 碎布条 (used esp with the vs and preps shown 尤与以下示例中的动词和介词连用): * The wind tore the sail to ribbons. 大风把帆刮成了碎片. * Vandals had slashed/cut the train seats to ribbons. 恣意破坏公物的人把火车座位割碎了. * Her clothes hung in ribbons (about her). 她的衣服褴褛不堪. 复合： ,ribbon de`velopment (Brit esp derog 尤作贬义) (building of) long lines of houses along a main road leading from a town or village (and thought to spoil the countryside) 带状发展（的建 物）（自都市沿干线向乡村延伸者, 视为破坏风景之举）.

riboflavin
[7raibEu'fleivin; 7raibE'flevin] n [U] vitamin B2, which is found in meat, fish, milk and green vegetables, and also produced synthetically, and which helps growth in man 核黄素.

rice
[rais; rais] n [U] 1 type of grass grown on wet land in hot countries, esp in E Asia, producing seeds that are cooked and used as food 稻: * [attrib 作定语] rice fields/paddies 稻田. 2 these seeds 稻米; 大米: * a bowl of boiled/fried rice 一碗米饭[炒饭] * long-/short-grain rice 长粒[短粒]米 * brown rice, ie without the husks removed 稻谷 * [attrib 作定语] rice pudding, ie dessert made by cooking rice in milk and sugar 大米布丁（大米加牛奶和糖制成的餐後甜食）. 复合： `rice-paper n [U] 1 type of thin paper made from the pith of an oriental plant and used by Chinese artists to paint on 宣纸. 2 similar type of thin edible paper made from rice straw and used as a base for small cakes, etc 米纸（垫点心等用的可食薄纸）.

rich
[ritF; ritF] adj (-er, -est) (in meanings 1, 3 and 4 the opposite of poor 第1、 3、 4义为poor之反义词) 1 having much money or property; wealthy 富的; 富裕的; 富有的: * a rich film star 很有钱的电影明星 * America is a rich country. 美国很富. 2 valuable or expensive; splendid or luxurious 贵重的; 昂贵的; 华丽的; 豪华的: * rich clothes, furnishings 华丽的衣服、 豪华的家具 * the rich interior of the church 教堂富丽堂皇的内景. 3 [pred 作表语] ~ in sth producing or having a large supply of sth （某物）盛产, 丰富, 多: * Oranges are rich in vitamin C. 橙子含有丰富的维生素C. * The baroque style is rich in ornament. 巴罗克风格极具装饰性. * a play rich in humour 富於幽默的剧 * soil rich in minerals 矿物质多的土壤. 4 producing or produced abundantly 丰产的; 肥沃的: * rich soil 沃土 * a rich harvest 丰收 * (fig 比喻) a rich supply of ideas 多谋 * a rich display of talent 才华横溢的表现. 5 (of food) containing a large amount of fat, butter, eggs, spices, etc （指食物）脂肪、 黄油、 蛋类、 调料等含量大的, 油腻的, 味浓的: * a rich fruit cake 油腻的水果蛋糕 * a rich curry, casserole, sauce 味道很浓的咖喱菜、 砂锅菜、 沙司. 6 (of colours, sounds or smells) pleasantly deep, full, mellow or strong （指色彩）深的, 鲜艳的; （指声音）深沉的, 洪亮的; （指气味）浓烈的, 馥郁的: * cloth dyed a rich purple 被染成深紫色的布 * a rich soothing voice 深沉柔和的声音 * the rich bouquet of mature brandy 酿熟的白兰地的醇厚香味. 7 (idm 习语) (as) rich as `Croesus extremely wealthy 极富有的. strike it rich => strike2. ,that's `rich (Brit infml 口) (a) that is very amusing 真有趣; 真逗. (b) (ironic 反语) that is ludicrous or preposterous 真好笑; 真荒唐. 派生： the rich n [pl v] rich people 富人; 有钱人: take from the rich and give to the poor 取自富人, 接济穷人.

rich1
richly adv 1 in a splendid or generous manner 富丽地; 富裕地: a richly-ornamented design 装饰华丽的图案 * I was richly rewarded for my trouble. 我好心做的事得到了优厚的报酬. 2 (idm 习语) richly deserve sth fully or thoroughly deserve sth 完全值得某事物; 某事物是完全应该的: He richly deserved the punishment he received. 他受到的处罚是罪有应得. * a richly-deserved success 完全应得到的成功 * a novel richly deserving (of) praise 值得大加赞扬的小说. richness n [U] quality or state of being rich 富裕; 富有; 贵重; 昂贵; 富丽; 豪华; 丰饶; 肥沃.

Richter scale
[7riktE 'skeil; 7riktl 'skel] (geology 地质) scale from 0 to 8 for measuring the intensity of earthquakes 里克特震级, 里氏震级（测定地震强度的标度, 从0到8级）.

rick
1[rik; rik] n [C] (Brit) slight sprain or strain 轻度扭伤. 派生： rick v [Tn] sprain or strain (a joint, etc) slightly 轻度扭伤（关节等）: rick one's ankle, wrist, back 扭伤足踝、 手腕、 背.

rickets
[5rikits; 5rikits] n [sing or pl v] children's disease caused by a lack of vitamin D, resulting in softening and deformity of the bones and enlargement of the liver and spleen 佝偻病.

rickety
[5rikEti; 5rikEti] adj (infml 口) weak or shaky, esp in the joints; likely to fall or collapse 不牢靠的, 不稳固的（尤指连接处）; 摇晃的; 摇摇欲坠的: * rickety wooden stairs 摇摇晃晃的木楼梯 * a rickety stool, table, bed, etc 快要散架的凳子、 桌子、 床等 * a rickety shelter for the bikes 摇摇欲坠的自行车棚.

rickshaw
[5rikFC:; 5rikFC] n 1 light two-wheeled covered vehicle used in India and the Far East, pulled by one ormore men 人力车: * ride in a rickshaw 坐人力车. 2 similar three-wheeled vehicle like a bicycle with seats attached behind the driver 叁轮车. Cf 参看 pedicab.

ricochet
[5rikEFei; - 7rikE'Fei; 7rikE'Fe] v (pt, pp ricocheted, ricochetted[-'Feid; -'Fed] ) [I, Ipr] ~ (off sth) (of a bullet, etc) strike a surface and rebound at an angle （指子弹等）击中物体表面後弹起: * The stone ricocheted off the wall and hit a passer-by. 石头击中那面墙弹回打着了过路的人. 派生： ricochet n [U, C] ~ (off sth) (hit made by a) rebound of this kind 弹回: the constant ricochet of bricks and bottles off police riot shields 砸在警察防暴盾牌上的砖块和瓶子不断弹回来.

rid
[rid; rid] v (-dd-; pt, pp rid) 1 [Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth of sb/sth make sb/sth free from (sb/sth unpleasant or unwanted) 使某人[某事物]摆脱（讨厌的或不想要的人[事物]）: * rid the world of famine 使世界不再有 荒 * rid the house of mice 把房子里的老鼠消灭光. 2 (idm 习语) be/get rid of sb/sth be/become free of 摆脱: * He was a boring nuisance! I'm glad to be rid of him. 他这人真讨厌! 我很庆幸能摆脱他的纠缠. * The shop ordered 20 copies of the book and now it can't get rid of (ie sell) them. 该店定购了20本这种书, 现在却无法脱手.

riddance
[5ridns; 5ridns] n (idm 习语) good riddance (to sb/sth) (said to express relief, etc at being free of an unwanted or unpleasant person or thing 用以表达摆脱不想要的或讨厌的人或事物後的如释重负感): * He's gone at last, and good riddance (to him)! 他终於走了, 谢天谢地!

ridden
[5ridn; 5ridn] 1 pp of ride2. 2 adj (usu in compounds 通常用以构成复合词) full of or dominated by sth specified 满是某事物的; 受某事物支配或控制的: * a ,flea-ridden `bed 满是跳蚤的床 * `guilt-ridden 罪孽深重的 * (fml 文) She was ridden by/with guilt. 她罪孽深重.

riddle
1[5ridl; 5ridl] n [C] 1 puzzling question, statement or description, esp one intended to test the cleverness of those wishing to solve it 谜; （尤指）谜语: * ask/tell sb a riddle 出个谜语叫某人猜 * know the answer to/solve a riddle 知道谜底 * She speaks/talks in riddles it's very difficult to know what she means. 她说话含糊其辞--实在令人费解. 2 puzzling person, thing, event, etc 谜一般的人、 东西、 事情等: * She's a complete riddle, even to her parents. 她是个很难了解的人, 连她父母都无法了解她. * the riddle of how the universe originated 宇宙起源之谜.

ride
1[raid; raid] n [C] 1 (a) (period of) being carried on or in sth, esp as a passenger 乘骑, 乘坐, 搭乘（尤指乘客）: * `Give me a ride on your shoulders, Daddy.’ ‘爸爸, 让我在你肩膀上骑一会儿吧.’ * We went for a ride in her new car. 我们坐了一趟她的新汽车. * It's a ten-minuteride on the bus. 乘公共汽车要用十分钟. * Can I hitch a ridewith you? 我可以顺路搭乘你的车吗? (b) (in compounds用以构成复合词) journey (in the specified vehicle, etc) （搭乘交通工具的）旅行: * It's only a 5-minute `bus-ride to the park. 坐公共汽车去公园仅需5分钟. * go for a `donkey-ride on the beach 在沙滩上骑驴兜风. 2 feel of riding in a car, etc 乘坐汽车等时的感觉: * The luxury model gives a smoother ride. 坐这种豪华型汽车感觉很平稳. 3 track for riding (usu a horse) on, esp throughwoods 可供骑行（通常指骑马）的小路（尤指林间）. 4 (idm习语) take sb for a `ride (infml 口) deceive or swindle sb 欺骗或诈骗某人.

ridge
[ridV; ridV] n 1 raised line where two sloping surfaces meet; narrow raised strip 脊; 脊梁; 脊状物: * the ridge of a roof 屋脊 * There are ridges on the soles to help the boots grip the surface. 靴底有凸起的条纹防滑. * a series of ridges in a ploughed field 睱过的田地上的籖. Cf 参看 furrow. 2 narrow stretch of high land along the top of a line of hills; long mountain range 山脊; 山脉.=>illus at mountain 见mountain插图. Cf 参看 plateau.3 (in meteorology) elongated region of high pressure （气象学用语）高压脊. Cf 参看 trough 4. 派生： ridge v [Tn] cover (sth) with or make (sth) into ridges 给（某物）加脊状物; 使（某物）成脊状: a slightly ridged surface 略呈脊状的表面. 复合： `ridge-pole n horizontal pole at the apex of the roof of a long tent （长形帐篷的）横梁. `ridge-tile n any of the tiles placed on the apex of the sloping roof of a building 脊瓦. `ridgeway n (Brit) road or track along the ridge of a hill 山脊路; 山脊小径.

ridicule
[5ridikju:l; 5ridikjul] n [U] (process of) making sb/sth appear foolish or absurd; scorn 嘲弄; 戏弄; 嘲笑: * incur ridicule 遭受嘲弄 * attempt to escape ridicule 力图避免他人耻笑 * be held up to ridicule 被嘲弄 * He's become an object of ridicule, ie People say he is foolish/absurd. 他成了大家嘲笑的对象. 派生： ridicule v [Tn] make fun of (sb/sth); mock 嘲弄 （某人[某事物]）; 嘲笑: The opposition ridiculed the government's proposals, saying they offered nothing new. 反对派揶揄政府的建议, 说成是老调重弹.

ridiculous
[ri5dikjulEs; ri5dikjElEs] adj 1 deserving to be laughed at; absurd 可笑的; 荒谬的; 荒唐的: * You look ridiculous in those tight jeans. 你穿上那紧身牛仔裤样子真可笑. * What a ridiculous idea! 多麽荒谬的念头! 2 (idm 习语) (go) from the sublime to the ridiculous => sublime. > ridiculously adv. ridiculousness n [U].

riding
1[5raidiN; 5raidiN] n [U] 1 sport or pastime of going about on a horse 骑马（运动或消遣）: * enjoy, take up riding 骑马玩、 骑马消遣. 2 (in compounds 用以构成复合词) concerned with or used in riding 骑马的; 骑马用的: * `riding-boots 马靴. 复合： `riding-crop n = crop 5. `riding-school n school for teaching and practising horse-riding 骑术学校.

rife
[raif; raif] adj [pred 作表语] (fml 文) (a) (esp of bad things) widespread; common （尤指不良事物）流行, 普遍: * an area where crime is rife 犯罪现象十分普遍的地区. (b) ~ with sth full of (esp sth bad) （尤指不良事物）充满, 充斥: * the country was rife with rumours of war 这个国家流传着要发生战争的谣言.

riff
[rif; rif] n short repeated pattern of notes in popular music （流行音乐中的）重复乐段.

riffle
[5rifl; 5rifl] v 1 [Tn] shuffle (playing-cards) by holding part of the pack in each hand and releasing cards alternately so that they form one pack again 洗（纸牌）（搀和整理）. 2 (phr v) riffle through sth turn the pages of (a book, etc) quickly and casually 迅速而随意地翻动（书等）的页. 派生： riffle n (US) 1 (stretch of) choppy water in a stream, caused by a rocky shoal or shallow （礁石、 浅滩或浅水处的）急流, 湍流, 湍急流段. 2 shoal or shallow 浅滩; 浅水处.

rifle
1[5raifl; 5raifl] n type of gun with a long barrel which has spiral grooves inside, usu fired from the shoulder 步枪; 来复枪. =>illus at gun 见gun插图. 派生： rifle v [Tn] cut spiral grooves in (a gun-barrel) 在（枪管）内制出来复线. rifling[5raifliN; 5raifliN] n [U] these grooves 来复线; 膛线. 复合： `rifleman[-mEn; -mEn] n (pl -men[-mEn; -mEn] ) soldier in a regiment armed with rifles （配备步枪的）步兵. `rifle-range n 1 [C] place for practising shooting with rifles 步枪射击场. 2 (also `rifle-shot) [U] distance that a rifle-bullet will travel 步枪射程: out of/within rifle-range 在步枪的射程外[内].

rift
[rift; rift] n 1 split, crack, break, etc 裂缝; 裂口; 破裂处: * a rift in the clouds 云中的缝隙. 2 serious disagreementbetween friends, members of a group, etc （朋友、 成员等之间的）不和, 裂痕: * a growing rift between the two factions 两派日益扩大的裂痕. 复合： `rift valley n steep-sided valley caused by subsidence of the earth's crust 地堑; 裂谷.

rig
1[rig; rig] v (-gg-) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) fit (a ship or boat) with masts, spars, ropes, sails, etc 给（船）装备桅樯、 帆樯、 索具、 帆等. 2 (phr v) rig sb out (in/with sth) (a) provide sb with clothes or equipment 向某人提供衣物或装备: * The sergeant will rig you out (with everything you need). 中士将发给你（一切必需的）物品. (b) (infml 口) dress sb up 给某人穿衣打扮: * rigged out in her best clothes 身穿她最漂亮的衣服. rig sth up set up (a structure, etc) quickly and/or with makeshift materials 用临时替代材料迅速搭起（某物）: * rig up a shelter for the night 匆匆搭篷过夜 * rig up some scaffolding for the workmen 为工人搭个脚手架. 派生： rig n 1 way that a ship's masts, sails, etc are arranged 船桅、 船帆等的装置: the fore-and-aft rig of a schooner 纵帆船的纵向帆装. 2 (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) equipment for a special purpose 作某用途的设备: an `oil rig 油井钻探设备 * a `test-rig, ie on which motor-vehicles, electrical appliances, etc are tested 试验架（测试机动车辆、 电器等的装置）. 3 (infml 口) style of dress 服装式样. rigging n [U] arrangement of ropes, etc that support a ship's masts and sails 支撑船桅和船帆的索具装置: The sailors climbed up into the rigging. 水手沿帆索往上攀. =>illus at yacht 见yacht插图. 复合： `rig-out n (Brit infml 口) outfit of clothes 一套服装: wearing a bizarre rig-out 穿着一套奇装异服.

right
1[rait; rait] adj 1 [usu pred 通常作表语] (of conduct, actions, etc) morally good; required by law or duty （指行为、 行动等）正当, 适当, 合法, 符合要求: * Is it ever right to kill? 杀害生命是正当的吗? * You were quite right to refuse/in deciding to refuse/in your decision to refuse. 你予以拒绝[决定予以拒绝/予以拒绝的决定]是恰当的. * It seems only right to warn you that... 似乎应该警告你.... Cf 参看 wrong 1. 2 true or correct 对的; 正确的; 准确的: * Actually, that's not quite right. 实际上, 那不完全对. * Did you get the answer right? 你找到正确的答案了吗? * Have you got the right money (ie exact fare) for the bus? 你有买公共汽车票（那个数）的零钱吗? * What's the right time? 现在准确的时间是几点? 3 best in view of the circumstances; most suitable 最切合实际的; 最适宜的; 最恰当的: * Are we on the right road? 我们走的路对吗? * Is this the right way to the zoo? 去动物园是走这条路吗? * He's the right man for the job. 他是最适合做这件工作的人. * That coat's just right for you. 那件大衣你穿正合适. * the right side of a fabric, ie the side meant to be seen or used 织物的正面. 4 (also all right) in a good or normal condition 情况良好或正常: * `Do you feel all right?’ `Yes, I feel quite all right/No, I don't feel (quite) right.’ ‘你感觉好吗?’‘很好[不（太）好].’ 5 [attrib 作定语] (Brit infml 口) (esp inderogatory phrases 尤用於含贬义的词组) real; complete真实的; 完全的: * you made a right mess of that! 你把那事完全弄糟了! * She's a right old witch! 她是个不折不扣的老妖婆! 6 (idm 习语) all `right (used to indicate agreement, approval, etc 用以表示同意、 赞成等): * `Do you want to join us for dinner?’ `All right!’ ‘你愿意和我们一起吃晚饭吗?’‘好哇!’ all ,right on the `night (saying 谚) (of a performance, etc) satisfactory when the time comes for it to be done, etc （指表演等）到时候准能使人满意:

right1
* The hall isn't quite ready for the ceremony yet, but it will be all right on the night. 举行典礼的大厅尚未完全布置好, 但到时候定能准备就绪. a bit of all right => bit1. do the right/wrong thing do sth that is/is not honourable, socially acceptable, etc in the circumstances 做得对[不对]、 得当[不得当]等. get sth `right/`straight understand sth clearly, without error 清楚无误地了解某事物: * Let's get this right once and for all. 咱们把这个问题彻底弄清楚吧. * Let's get one thing straight I give the orders round here, OK?咱们得先弄清楚一件事--在这儿得听我的, 懂吗? have one's heart in the right place => heart. hit/strike the right/wrong note => hit1. (not) in one's right `mind (not) mentally normal; (not) sane 精神（不）正常的; 神志（不）清醒的. might is right => might2.not (quite) right in the/one's `head (infml 口) foolish; eccentric; (slightly) mad 愚蠢的; 古怪的; （有些）疯癫的. on the right/wrong side of forty, etc => side1. on the right/wrong side of sb/sth => side1. on the right/wrong track => track n. put/set sb/sth right restore sb/sth to order; correct sb/sth 使某人[某事物]恢复正常; 改正、 纠正某人[某事物]的错误: * put a `watch right, ie to the correct time 把手表拨准 * I want to set/put you `right on one or two matters. 我想给你 纠正一两个错误. right (you are)! (Brit also right-oh!) (infml 口) (used to indicate agreement to an order or with a suggestion or (esp US) with a request 用以表示同意一项命令、 建议或请求, 尤用於美式英语表示同意请求). (as) right as `rain/as a `trivet (infml 口) in excellent health or working order 十分健康或正常. start off on the right/wrong foot => start2. touch the right chord => touch1. 派生： rightly adv justly; correctly; properly; justifiably 公正地; 正确地; 恰当地: act rightly 做得对 * Did I hear rightly? 我听到的消息准确吗?

right2
* She's been sacked, and rightly so. 她被解雇了, 这件事做得对. * He was rightly furious at the decision. 他对那个决定大发雷霆, 这是很自然的. rightness n [U]: the rightness (ie justice) of their cause 他们的事业的正义性. 复合： `right angle angle of 90 直角;90度角: at right angles/at a right angle (to the wall) （与墙）成直角. =>illusat angle 见angle插图. =>App 5 见附录5. `right-angledadj having/consisting of a right angle 有[成]直角的: a right-angled triangle 直角叁角形 * a right-angled bend in the road 道路上成90度的转弯. ,right-`minded having proper or honest opinions, based on what is right 见解正确的; 有正义感的; 正直的: All ,right-minded `people will be surely shocked by this outrage. 凡是有正义感的人都一定会对这种暴行感到震惊. ,right-`mindedness n [U].

righteous
[5raitFEs; 5raitFEs] adj 1 (fml 文) doing what is morally right 正直的; 公正的. 2 morally justifiable 正义的; 正当的: * righteous anger, indignation, wrath 义愤 * (derog 贬) Don't adopt that righteous tone of voice!别用那种一本正经的腔调说话! > righteously adv. righteousness n [U].

rightful
[5raitfl; 5raitfEl] adj [attrib 作定语] just, proper or legal 正义的; 正当的; 合法的: * a rightful claim 正当的要求 * his rightful punishment 他受到的应有的处罚 * the rightful owner, king, father, etc 合法的所有人、 国王、 父亲等. > rightfully[-fEli; -fEli] adv.

rigid
[5ridVid; 5ridVid] adj 1 stiff; not bending or yielding 坚硬的; 不弯曲的; 刚性的: * a rigid support for the tent 帐篷的坚硬的支柱 * (fig 比喻) Her face was rigid with terror. 她吓得目瞪口呆. 2 strict; firm; unchanging 严格的; 坚强的; 不变的: * a man of very rigid principles 原则性很强的人 * practise rigid economy, ie be very frugal 厉行节约. > rigidity/ri5dVidEti; ri5dVidEti] n [U]: * The rigidity of the metal caused it to crack. 这金属因刚度强而产生裂纹. * He deplored the rigidity of her views. 他痛感她的观点僵化. rigidly adv: * rigidly constructed buildings 建造得很坚固的建 物 * rigidly opposed to any change 顽固地反对一切变革.

rigmarole
[5rigmErEul; 5rigmE7rol] n [C usu sing通常作单数] (derog 贬) 1 (unnecessarily) complicated procedure （不必要的）复杂手续: * go through the whole rigmarole of filling out forms 通过填表这一整套繁琐的程序. 2 long wandering story or statement 冗长而离题的故事或叙述: * I've never heard such a rigmarole. 我从来没听过像这样的长篇废话.

rigor mortis
[7rigE 'mC:tis; 7rigl'mCrtis] stiffening of the body after death 僵; 死後强直: * Rigor mortis had already set in. 体已经僵硬.

rigour
(US rigor)[5rigE(r); 5rigl] n (fml 文) 1 [U] severity; strictness; (esp mental) discipline 严格; 严厉; （尤指思想的）严谨, 严密: * the utmost rigour of the law 法律的苛严 * intellectual rigour 思想的缜密. 2 [C often pl 常作复数] harshness (of weather, conditions, etc) （气候、 条件等的）严酷; 艰苦: * the rigour(s) of an Arctic winter, of prison life, etc 北极冬季的严寒、 监狱生活的艰苦. 派生： rigorous[5rigErEs; 5rigErEs] adj (fml 文) 1 severe; strict 严厉的; 严格的: * rigorous discipline 严明的纪律.2 strictly accurate or detailed 精确的; 严密的: * rigorousattention to detail 一丝不苟 * a rigorous search, examination,analysis, etc 彻底的搜寻、 严密的检查、 精确的分析. 3 (of weather, etc) harsh （指天气等）严酷的: * a rigorous climate 严酷的气候. rigorously adv. rigorousness n [U].

rile
[rail; rail] v [Tn] (infml 口) annoy (sb); irritate 使（某人）恼火; 激怒: * Don't get riled. 别生气. * It riles me that he won't agree. 他就是不同意, 真气人.

rim
[rim; rim] n 1 edge or border of sth that is (approximately) circular 圆形（或近似圆形）物体的边缘: * the rim of a cup, bowl, etc 杯、 碗等的边 * a pair of spectacles with gold rims 一副金框眼镜. 2 outer edge of a wheel, on which the tyre is fitted （安装轮胎的）辋圈, 轮圈. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xiii. 派生： rim v (-mm-) [Tn] provide (sth) with a rim; be a rim for (sth) 给（某物）镶边; 形成（某物）的边缘: Mountains rimmed the valley. 群山环绕着这个山谷. rimless adj (of spectacles) having lenses which have no frames round them （指眼镜）无框的. -rimmed (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having a rim or rims of the type specified 有某种边缘或边框的: steel-rimmed glasses 钢框眼镜 * red-rimmed eyes, eg from weeping 眼眶发红（如因哭泣）.

rime
[raim; raim] n [U] (esp rhet 尤作修辞) frost 霜.

rind
[raind; raind] n [C, U] hard outer skin or covering on some fruits (eg oranges, lemons) and some types of cheese, bacon, etc 某些水果（如橘子、 柠檬）的硬皮; 乾酪、 腌肉等的外皮: * cut off the `bacon rind 切掉腌肉的皮. Cf 参看 peel n, skin 4, zest 3.

ring
1[riN; riN] n 1 small circular band of precious metal, often set with a gem or gems, worn esp on the finger 用贵金属制造的（常镶有珠宝的）小环, 小圈; （尤指）戒指: * a diamond `ring 钻戒 * an en`gagement ring 订婚戒指 * a `wedding ring 结婚戒指 * a `nose ring 鼻环. 2 (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) circular band of any kind of material （任何材料制的）环形物: * a `napkin ring 餐巾环 * a `key-ring 钥匙环 * inflatable rubber rings, eg as worn by children on their arms when learning to swim 充气橡皮圈（如儿童学游泳时戴在胳膊上的） * the rings of Saturn 土星的光环. 3 circle 圆圈; 圆环: * the rings in/of a tree, ie the concentric circles seen when the trunk is cut straight across, showing the tree's age 树的年轮 * puff out `smoke-rings, ie rings of tobacco smoke 喷出烟圈儿（吸烟时） * The men were standing in a ring. 那些人站成一个圆圈. * dark rings round her eyes from lack of sleep 她那因睡眠不足而发黑的眼圈. 4 combination of people working together, esp secretly 集团（尤指秘密的）: * a `spy ring 间谍网 * a ring of dealers controlling prices at an antiques auction 操纵古物拍卖价格的一帮买卖人. 5 (a) (also `circus ring) (esp circular) enclosure in which a circus is held （尤指圆形的）马戏场. (b) (also `boxing ring) raised square space enclosed by ropes for boxing matches 拳击场: * knock sb out of the ring 把某人击出场地. 6 (idm 习语) run `rings round sb (infml 口) do things much better than sb 做事比某人好得多. 派生： ring v (pt, pp -ed) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr esp passive 尤用於被动语态] ~ sb/sth (with sth) surround sb/sth 围绕、 环绕或包围某人[某物]: A high fence ringed the prison camp. 有一道高高的铁丝网围着战俘营. * ringed about with enemies 被敌人包围. 2 [Tn] make a circular mark round (sth) 环绕（某物）做圆形标记; 将（某物）圈出: Ring the correct answer with your pencil. 用铅笔圈出正确的答案.

ring1
3 [Tn] put a metal ring on the leg of (a bird) to identify it, or in the nose of (a bull, etc) 给（鸟）的腿套上金属环（以供识别）; 给（牛等）戴鼻圈. 复合： `ring binder folder for papers, in which metal rings go through holes in the edges of the pages, holding them in place 活页夹; 活页簿. `ring-finger n third finger, usu of the left hand, on which a wedding-ring is traditionally worn 无名指（通常指左手的, 结婚戒指多戴於该指）. =>illus at hand 见hand插图. `ringleader n (esp derog 尤作眨义) person who leads others in crime or opposition to authority 犯罪或叛乱活动的头目; 罪魁; 祸首; 元凶. `ring mains main electrical circuit in a house, etc, off which branch supplies are taken （房子等配电线路的）环形主线. `ringmaster n person in charge of a circus performance 马戏演出的领班. `ring-pull n small piece of metal with a ring attached which is pulled to open certain types of tin can, etc （易拉罐等的）拉环: [attrib 作定语] a ring-pull can 易拉罐罐头. `ring road (Brit) road built around a town to reduce traffic in the centre 环路, 环城公路（为疏导城市中心区之交通而设）. `ringside n 1 (esp 尤作 the ringside) [U] area immediately beside a boxing or wrestling ring （拳击或摔跤竞技场的）台边区, 近台座席. 2 (idm 习语) have a ringside `seat be favourably placed for seeing sth 获得近台座席; 处於便於看清之位置. `ringworm n [U] skin disease, esp of animals or children, producing round red patches 癣.

ringlet
[5riNlit; 5riNlit] n [C esp pl 尤作复数] long curl of hair hanging down from sb's head 下垂的长鬈发.

rink
=> ice-rink (ice1), skating-rink (skate1).

rinse
[rins; rins] v [Tn] 1 wash (sth) lightly 略微洗（某物）: * He rinsed his hands quickly before eating. 他吃东西以前很快洗了一下手. 2 remove dirt, soap, etc from (sth) with water 冲洗掉（某物）上的污垢、 肥皂沫等: * Rinse your hair thoroughly after shampooing it. 用洗发剂洗头後, 要把头发冲洗乾净. 3 (phr v) rinse sb/sth down (infml 口) have a drink after eating sth 吃食物後再用饮料送下: * a sandwich and a glass of beer to rinse it down 一份叁明治用一杯啤酒送下. rinse sth out remove dirt, etc from sth with water 用水冲洗污垢等: * He rinsed the teapot out under the tap, to get rid of the tea-leaves. 他在水龙头下面冲洗茶壶, 以便把茶叶冲掉. rinse sth out of/from sth remove (dirt, soap, etc) from sth with water 用水冲洗某物上的（污垢、 肥皂沫等）: * I rinsed the shampoo out of my hair. 我把头发上的洗发剂冲洗乾净了. 派生： rinse n 1 [C] act of rinsing 洗涤; 冲洗: Give your hair a good rinse after shampooing it. 用洗发剂洗头後, 要把头发好好冲洗乾净. 2 [C, U] solution for tinting or conditioning the hair 染发液; 护发液: a blue rinse 蓝色染发液.

riot
[5raiEt; 5raiEt] n 1 [C] wild or violent disturbance by a crowd of people 暴乱; 骚乱: * Riots broke out in several areas. 有几个地方发生了骚乱. * The police succeeded in quelling the riot. 警方把暴乱镇压了下去. * (fig 比喻) There'll be a riot (ie People will be very angry) if the government doesn't invest more in this service. 倘若政府不对此公用事业增加拨款, 就要天下大乱了. 2 [sing] ~ of sth profuse display (of sth) 充分的表现或展示: * The flower-beds were a riot of colour. 花坛里色彩缤纷. * a riot of emotion 感情的宣泄. 3 a riot [sing] (infml 口) very amusing thing or person 极有趣的事物或人: * She's an absolute riot! 她这个人真逗! 4 (idm 习语) read the Riot Act => read. run `riot behave in a wild, violent or uncontrolled way 撒野; 闹事: * Football hooligans ran riot through the town. 闹事的足球迷在城里胡作非为. * (fig 比喻) weeds running riot in the garden 园中蔓延滋长的杂草 * Inflation is running riot and prices are out of control. 通货极度膨胀, 物价失去控制. 派生： riot v [I, Ipr] take part in a riot 暴动; 闹事: There's rioting in the streets. 街上有人闹事. * renewed outbreaks of rioting 骚乱的再度爆发. rioter n person who riots 参加暴乱者; 闹事者. riotous[-Es; -Es] adj 1 (fml or law 文或律) disorderly; unruly 无秩序的; 不守规矩的; 混乱的; 闹事的: * a riotous assembly, ie of people 秩序混乱的集会 * charged with riotous behaviour 被控聚众闹事. 2 [attrib 作定语] (usu derog 通常作贬义) boisterous; unrestrained 喧闹的; 不受约束的: * a riotous party 喧闹的聚会 * riotous laughter 放声大笑. riotously adv extremely 极端地: * riotously funny 非常可笑. riotousness n [U] violent disorderly behaviour 暴乱; 骚乱; 闹事. 复合： `riot police police trained in dealing with rioters 防暴警察. `riot shield shield for use by police or soldiers dealing with riots 防暴盾牌（警察或士兵对付暴乱用的）.

rip
[rip; rip] v (-pp-) 1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] divide or make a hole in (sth) by pulling sharply 撕裂或拉破（某物）: * I've ripped my trousers. 我把裤子撕破了. * rip a piece of cloth (in two) 把一块布撕成两半. (b) [Cn.a] ~ sth open open sth by pulling in this way 拉开或撕开某物: * rip open a letter 撕开一封信 * My cat had its ear ripped open by a dog. 我的猫的耳朵被狗咬破了. (c) [I] (of material) become torn （指材料）破, 裂: * Be careful with that dress; it rips easily. 小心那件连衣裙, 很容易破.2 (idm 习语) let `rip (about/against/at sb/sth) speak violently or passionately 激烈或激昂地说话: * let rip against the government 激烈地抨击政府. let sth `rip (infml 口) (a) allow (a car, machine, etc) to go at its top speed 让（汽车、 机器等）以最高速度行驶或运转: * Let her/it rip! 让车全速前进! (b) allow (things) to develop naturally, without attempting to control them 让（事物）自由发展而不加控制: * They just let inflation rip. 他们对 通货膨胀完全不加控制. 3 (phr v) rip sb off (sl 俚) cheat sb, esp financially 欺骗某人（尤指钱财）: * The shop tried to rip me off. 那商店想欺骗我. rip sth off (a) remove sth by pulling sharply 撕掉某物: * rip the cover off (a book) 撕掉（书的）封面. (b) (sl 俚) steal sth 偷窃某物: * Somebody's ripped off my wallet. 有人把我的钱包偷走了. 派生： rip n 1 uneven or ragged tear or cut （参差不齐的）裂口, 裂缝: There's a big rip in my sleeve. 我的袖子破了一大块. 2 stretch of rough water in a river or the sea （河流或海洋的）激流, 激浪. Cf 参看 rip-tide. 复合： `rip-cord n cord that releases a parachute from its pack （降落伞的）开伞索: pull the rip-cord 拉动开伞索. `rip-off n (usu sing 通常作单数) (sl 俚) act of defrauding, stealing, overcharging, etc 欺诈; 偷窃; 索要高价: 80p for a cup of coffee? What a rip-off! 一杯咖啡要80便士? 真是敲竹 !

rip1
`rip-roaring adj [attrib 作定语] (infml 口) (a) wild and noisy 喧闹的; 闹嚷嚷的. (b) great, huge, etc 大的; 巨大的: The film was a rip-roaring success. 这部影片极为成功. `rip-saw n saw with large coarse teeth, used for cutting wood along the grain 纵切锯; 粗齿锯.

riparian
[rai'peEriEn; rai'periEn] adj (law or fml 律或文) of or inhabiting the banks of a river, lake, etc 河边的; 湖滨的; 岸上的; 栖於水滨的: * riparian rights, eg to fish in a river 河岸权（如在某河中的捕鱼权） * riparian creatures 水滨生物.

ripe
[raip; raip] adj 1 (of fruit, grain, etc) ready to be gathered and used, esp for eating （指水果、 谷物等）成熟的: * Are the apples ripe enough to eat yet? 这些苹果已经熟了吗? * harvest the ripe corn 收割已成熟的谷物 * (fig 比喻) Her lips were ripe as cherries, ie full and red like ripe cherries. 她的嘴唇像樱桃一样红润. 2 (of cheese) fully matured or developed （指乾酪）已成熟的: * ripe cheese 成熟的乾酪 * (rare fig 罕, 比喻) ripe judgement, scholarship 成熟的判断力、 丰富的学识.3 (of a person's age) advanced （指人）成年的, 上年纪的: * men of riper years 已成年的男子 * lived to a ripe old age 活到高龄 * (ironic 反语) at the ripe old age of 21 正值21岁高龄. 4 [pred 作表语] ~ (for sth) ready; fit; prepared 时机成熟; 适宜; 准备就绪: * land that is ripe for development 适合开发的土地 * a nation ripe for revolution 革命时机已成熟的国家. 5 (idm 习语) the time is ripe => time1. 派生： ripen[5raipEn; 5raipEn] v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become ripe （使某物）成熟: * ripening corn 即将成熟的谷物 * peaches ripened by the sun 经日晒而成熟的桃. ripeness n [U].

riposte
[ri5pCst; ri5post] n 1 quick verbal reply or retort, esp to criticism 迅速的回答或反驳（尤指对於批评）: * a witty riposte 巧妙的回答. 2 (in fencing) quick return thrust after parrying （剑术）挡开对方的剑後迅速还刺. 派生： riposte/ri5pCst; ri5post] v [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) deliver a riposte 还刺; 还击.

ripple
[5ripl; 5ripl] n [C] 1 small wave or series of waves 波纹; 涟漪: * She threw a stone into the pond and watched the ripples spread. 她把一块石头扔进池塘里, 看着水的波纹扩散开. 2 thing like this in appearance or movement 外观或运动如波纹的事物: * slight ripples on the surface of the metal 金属表面上的小波纹. 3 gentle rising and falling sound 轻柔的起伏声: * a ripple of laughter, voices, applause 一阵轻柔起伏的笑声、 说话声、 掌声. 派生： ripple v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) move in ripples （使某物）起伏: corn rippling in the breeze 在微风中起伏如波浪的庄稼 * rippling muscles 一条条凸起的肌肉 * wind rippling the lake 吹皱湖水的风.

rise
1[raiz; raiz] n 1 (a) upward movement or progress 上升; 升起; 进展; 振兴: * His rise to power was very rapid. 他很快掌握了大权. * the rise and fall of the British Empire 大英帝国的兴衰. (b) increase in amount, number or intensity （金额、 数量或强度的）增加: * a rise in the price of meat, the value of the dollar, the average temperature 肉类价格的上涨、 美元的升值、 平均温度的增高. 2 upward slope; small hill 斜坡; 小山; 岗; 丘: * At the top of the rise they paused for a rest. 他们在小山的顶部停下来休息. * a church situated on a small rise 座落在小山上的教堂. 3 (Brit) (US raise) increase (in wages) （工资的）增加: * demand a rise (in wages) from next October 要求从下个十月份起增加工资. 4 (idm 习语) get/take a rise out of sb cause sb to show annoyance or make an angry response by teasing, etc 戏弄某人使之厌烦或愤怒. give rise to sth (fml 文) cause sth 引起、 导致某事物: * Her disappearance gave rise to the wildest rumours. 她失踪一事引起了各种流言蜚语. 派生： riser n 1 vertical piece between two treads of a staircase 梯级竖板. 2 person who habitually gets up early or late in the morning (as specified) 惯於早起或晚起的人: an early/a late riser 早起[晚起]的人.

risible
[5rizEbl; 5rizEbl] adj (fml or joc 文或谑) fit to be laughed at; ridiculous 引人笑的; 可笑的; 滑稽的: * The entire proposal is risible: * it will never be accepted. 这个建议完全是荒唐可笑的, 根本不可能采纳.

risk
[risk; risk] n 1 [C, U] ~ (of sth/that...) (instance of the) possibility of meeting danger or suffering harm, loss, etc 危险; 风险: * Is there any risk of the bomb exploding? 这个炸弹有爆炸的危险吗? * You shouldn't underestimate the risks of the enterprise. 你不应低估这一计画的风险. * There's no risk of her failing/that she'll fail. 她不会有失败的危险. * insure a house for all risks, ie fire, theft, etc 给房子保综合险（火险、 盗窃险等） * [attrib 作定语] an all-risks policy 综合保险保单 * an investment involving a high degree of risk 风险很大的投资. 2 [C] person or thing insured or representing a source of risk 被保险的人或物; 保险对象; 产生危险的根源: * He's a good/poor risk. 他是个风险很小[很大]的保险对象. * All the people who know this secret represent a security risk. 凡是知道这个秘密的人都对安全造成危险. 3 (idm 习语) at one's own risk agreeing to make no claims for any loss, injury, etc 自担风险（同意不要求赔偿损失、 损害等）: * Persons swimming beyond this pointdo so at their own risk, ie No one else will take responsibilityfor whatever happens to them. 游泳者超越此界限若有意外後果自负. at `risk threatened by the possibility of loss, failure, etc; in danger 有危险; 冒风险: * put one's life at risk 冒生命危险 * The whole future of the company is at risk. 公司的整个前途受到威胁. * My job is at risk, ie I may be made redundant. 我的工作保不住了（我遭受到裁减的危险）. at the risk of (doing sth) with the possibility of (doing sth) 冒可能（做某事）的危险: * At the risk of sounding ungrateful, I must refuse your offer. 我甘受拂逆盛情之嫌, 也必须谢绝你的提议. at risk to sb/sth with the possibility of losing or injuring sb/sth 冒失去或殃及某人[某事物]的危险: * He saved the child at considerable risk to himself/to his own life. 他冒着极大的生命危险救了那个孩子. a calculated risk => calculate. run the risk (of doing sth); run `risks do sth that exposes one to a danger, possibility, etc 冒自身危险做某事:

risk1
* We can't run the risk (of losing all that money). 我们不能冒（失掉全部钱的）风险. * He runs more risk of being arrested. 他冒的被逮捕的危险更大. * She runs the same risks. 她也在冒这样的风险. take a `risk/`risks do sth that involves the possibility of failure, danger, etc 冒险做可能失败、 有危险等的事: * You can't get rich without taking risks. 人不冒险不富. * That's a risk I'm prepared to take. 那是我愿意冒险做的事情. 派生： risk v 1 [Tn] expose (sb/oneself) to danger 使（某人[自己]）面临危险: risk one's health, fortune, neck (ie life) 冒丧失健康、 财富、 生命之险. 2 [Tn, Tg] accept the possibility of (sth) 甘愿承受可能发生的（某事）: risk failure 失败亦在所不惜 * risk getting caught in a storm 不怕赶上暴风雨. risky adj (-ier, -iest) full of danger; full of potential for failure, loss, etc 充满危险或风险的; 有很大危险或风险的: a risky undertaking 多风险的事业. riskily[-ili; -ili] adv. riskiness n [U].

risotto
[ri5zCtEu; ri5zCto] n (pl ~s) [C, U] Italian dish of rice cooked in stock, to which vegetables, seafood, etc may be added 意大利汤饭（有时有蔬菜、 海味等）.

risque
[5ri:skei; - ri5skei; ris'ke] adj (of a story, remark, item of clothing, etc) slightly indecent （指故事、 言语、 衣着等）颇为下流的, 有伤风化的.

rissole
[5risEul; 5risol] n small flat cake or ball of minced meat or fish mixed with potato or breadcrumbs and fried （用肉末或鱼末混以马铃薯或面包屑煎炸而成的）炸肉饼, 炸丸子.

rite
[rait; rait] n [C] religious or some other solemn ceremony （宗教等的）隆重的仪式或典礼: * marriage/funeral rites 结婚[丧葬]仪式 * initiation rites, eg those performed when a new member joins a secret society 入会仪式（如秘密社团为新会员举行的）.

ritual
[5ritFuEl; 5ritFuEl] n 1 (a) [U] series of actions used in a religious or some other ceremony （宗教等仪式的）程序, 仪节: * the ritual of the Catholic Church 天主教的礼仪 * Some religions employ ritual more than others. 有的宗教举行仪式时特别注重礼则. (b) [C] particular form of this 具体的礼仪: * the ritual of the Japanese tea ceremony 日本茶道的仪式. 2 [C] (esp joc 尤作戏谑语) procedure regularly followed in precisely the same way each time 固定方式; 老习惯: * He went through the ritual of filling and lighting his pipe. 他照例填满烟斗, 然後点着了. 派生： ritual adj [attrib 作定语] of or done as a ritual 仪式上的; 作为仪式而进行的; 惯常的: a ritual dance 仪式上的舞蹈 * ritual phrases of greeting 例行的客套话. ritually[5ritFuEli; 5ritFuEli] adv. ritualism[-izEm; -7izEm] n [U] (esp derog 尤作贬义) fondness for or insistence on ritual 对仪式的热衷或拘泥; 仪式主义. ritualistic[7ritFuE'listik; 7ritFuEl'istik] adj.

ritzy
[5ritsi; 5ritsi] adj (-ier, -iest) (dated infml 旧, 口) luxurious; elegant 豪华的; 优美的; 文雅的.

rival
[5raivl; 5raivl] n ~ (for/in sth) person or thing competing with another 竞争或相比的人或事物: * `business rivals 商业上的竞争对手 * rivals in love 情敌 * a new rival for the title of champion 争夺冠军的新对手 * [attrib 作定语] a rival firm 竞争的商行 * a violinist without rival, ie better than any other 无与伦比的小提琴家 * She has no rival (ie no one is as good as she is) in the field of romantic fiction. 她写的浪漫小说谁也比不了. 派生： rival v (-ll-; US also -l-) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (for/in sth) seem or be as good as sb/sth; be comparable to sb/sth 堪与某人[某事物]竞争; 比得上某人[某事物]: a view rivalling anything the Alps can offer 可以与阿尔卑斯山的任何景物相媲美的景色 * Cricket cannot rival football for/in excitement. 板球不如足球有刺激性. rivalry[5raivlri; 5raivlri] n [C, U] (instance of) being rivals; competition 竞争; 竞赛; 对抗; 较量: * a country paralysed by political rivalries 由於政治对抗而陷於瘫痪的国家 * the usual rivalry between brother and sister 兄妹之间常见的钩心斗角.

riven
[5rivn; 5rivEn] adj [pred 作表语] (fml or rhet 文或修辞) split; torn violently 分裂; 撕裂: * a family riven by ancient feuds 由於世代结仇而分裂的家族.

river
[5rivE(r); 5rivl] n [C] 1 large natural stream ofwater flowing in a channel 河; 江; 水道: * the River Thames泰晤士河 * the Mississippi River 密西西比河 * [attrib 作定语] the river mouth 河口 * river traffic 内河航运. Cf 参看 canal 1. 2 any large flow of similar form 巨流: * a river of lava 熔岩流 * (fig rhet 比喻, 修辞) rivers of blood, ie great bloodshed in war, etc 血流成河. 3 (idm 习语) sell sb down the river => sell. 复合： `river-bed n ground over which a river usu flows 河床: It's so long since it rained that the river-bed is dry. 很久没有下雨了, 河床都已乾涸. `riverside n ground along the bank of a river 河边; 河畔: go for a walk along the riverside 沿着河边散步 * [attrib 作定语] a riverside pub 江滨酒店.

rivet
[5rivit; 5rivit] n metal pin or bolt for fastening twopieces of metal together, its headless end being hammered or pressed flat to prevent slipping 铆钉. 派生： rivet v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] fasten (sth) with a rivet or rivets 铆, 铆接（某物）: riveted together/down/in place 铆接在一起[铆紧/铆好]. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr usu passive 通常用於被动语态] make (sth) immobile; fix 将（某物）固定住: We stood riveted (to the spot). 我们寸步不移地（在那地方）站着. 3 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] attract and strongly hold the attention of (sb) 吸引（某人）; 吸 引住（某人）的注意力: I was absolutely riveted by herstory. 她的故事完全把我吸引住了. riveter n. rivetingadj (approv 褒) that holds the attention; enthralling 吸引人的; 饶有兴味的: an absolutely riveting performance 极为精彩的演出.

Riviera
[7rivi'eErE; 7rivi'erE] n [sing] 1 the Riviera region along the Mediterranean coast of SE France, Monaco and NW Italy, famous for its climate and beauty and containing many holiday resorts 里维埃拉（位於法国东南部、 摩纳哥及意大利西北部的地中海沿岸地区, 以景色优美气候宜人驰名, 有许多度假胜地）. 2 region thought to resemble this 像里维埃拉那样的海滨度假胜地: * the Cornish Riviera 康沃尔海滨度假胜地.

rivulet
[5rivjulit; 5rivjElit] n small stream 小溪; 细流: * rivulets running down the mountainside 从山上流下来的小溪 * rivulets of sweat on his forehead 他前额上淌着的汗水.

riyal
[ri:'a:l; ri5al] n 1 unit of money in Dubai and Qatar 里亚尔（迪拜酋长国和卡塔尔国的货币单位）. 2 (also rial) unit of money in Saudi Arabia and the Yemen Arab Republic 里亚尔（沙特阿拉伯和阿拉伯也门共和国的货币单位）.

rly
abbr 缩写 = (eg on a map 如地图上的标示) railway.

RM
[7a:r 'em; 7ar 'em] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Royal Marines 皇家海军陆战队: * Capt Tom Pullen RM 皇家海军陆战队上尉汤姆．普伦.

RN
[7a:r 'en; 7ar 'en] abbr 缩写 = 1 (US) registered nurse 注册护士. 2 (Brit) Royal Navy 皇家海军: * Capt L J Grant RN 皇家海军上校LJ格兰特.

RNA
[7a:r en 'ei; 7ar en 'e] abbr 缩写 = (chemistry 化) ribonucleic acid 核糖核酸.

RNIB
[7a:r en ai 'bi:; 7ar en ai 'bi] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Royal National Institute for the Blind 皇家全国盲人协会.

RNLI
[7a:r en el 'ai; 7ar en el 'ai] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Royal National Lifeboat Institution 皇家全国救生艇协会.

roach
1[rEutF; rotF] n (pl unchanged 复数不变) small freshwater fish of the carp family 拟鲤（一种鲤科淡水小鱼）.

road
[rEud; rod] n 1 (a) way between places, esp one with a prepared surface for the use of motor vehicles 路; 道路; 公路: * the road to Bristol/the Bristol road 通往布里斯托尔的公路[布里斯托尔公路] * main/major/minor roads 公路干线[大路/支路] * a quiet suburban road 清静的郊区道路 * [attrib 作定语] `road junctions 道路交叉处 * `road signs 道路标志牌. (b) (in compounds 用以构成复合词) of or concerning such a way or ways 道路或公路的; 与道路或公路有关的: * a `road-map of Scotland 苏格兰公路交通图 * be considerate to other `road-users 礼让行车. 2 Road (abbr 缩写 Rd) (in names of roads, esp in towns 用於道路的名称, 尤用於城镇): * 35 York Rd, London SW16 伦敦SW16约克路35号. =>Usage 见所附用法. 3 (usu pl 通常作复数) stretch of water near the shore where ships may be anchored （供船只停泊的）近岸水域, 近岸锚地: * the Southampton Roads 南安普敦港外锚地. 4 (idm 习语) all roads lead to `Rome (saying 谚) any of the methods, means, etc being considered will bring about the same result in the end 条条道路通罗马; 殊途同归. by `road in or on a road vehicle （乘车）在公路上, 由公路: * It's a long way by road the train is more direct. 走公路很远--乘火车近. * It's cheaper to ship goods by road than by rail. 公路运输比铁路运输便宜. the end of the line/road => end1. hit the road => hit1. one for the road (infml 口) final drink before leaving for home, on a journey, etc 离别酒; 饯别酒. on the `road travelling, esp as a salesman, performer or tramp 在旅途中（尤指推销员、 表演者或流浪者）: * The band has been on the road for almost a month. 那乐队进行巡回演出近一个月了. the road to sth way towards achieving sth, reaching a goal, etc 实现某事、 达到某目标等的途径: * the road to success/ruin 成功[毁灭]之途. the road to hell is paved with good intentions (saying 谚) people may be blamed or punished as a result of not putting into practice their original good motives 通往地狱的道路是由良好的意图铺成的（只有良好动机而不付诸实践, 徒遭埋怨或惩罚）. rule of the road => rule. take to the `road

road1
(fml 文) become a tramp 成为流浪者. 派生： `roadie n (infml 口) person who works with a pop group, etc on tour, esp moving and setting up equipment 巡回演出的流行音乐乐队等的工作人员（尤指搬道具和布置场地者）. 复合： `road-block n barricade across a road, set up by the police or army to stop traffic for search 路障（军警设置的）. `road-hog n (infml 口) reckless or inconsiderate driver 鲁莽而不顾他人的司机. `road-house n pub, restaurant, etc on a main road in the country （郊外主要公路上的）路边酒店、 饮食店等. `road-metal (also metal) n [U] broken stone used for the making and repairing of roads 路和修路用的碎石; 道砟. `roadrunner n type of cuckoo of Mexico and southern US 走鹃（一种杜鹃鸟, 产於墨西哥及美国南部）. `road safety safety from traffic accidents 公路交通安全: a campaign for road safety, ie to encourage the prevention of road accidents 公路交通安全运动. `road sense ability to behave safely on roads, esp while driving 避免发生路面事故的能力; （尤指）安全行车的能力. `road show play, musical, etc performed by a company on tour 巡回演出的戏剧、 歌舞喜剧等. `roadside n edge/border of a road 路边; 路旁: parked by/at the roadside 停靠在路边的 * [attrib 作定语] a ,roadside `cafe 路边小餐馆. `road tax tax paid by the owner of a motor vehicle to allow him to drive it on public roads 公路税（机动车车主缴纳的）. `road tax disc (also `road fund licence) (Brit) certificate of payment of road tax, displayed on the vehicle 公路税付讫证（标示於车辆上）. `road test test of a vehicle (esp a new model) by using it on a road 车辆（尤指新型号车）的道路试验: The new sports model achieved 100 miles an hour in road tests. 这种新型号赛车於道路测试中时速达100英里. `road-test v [Tn] test (a vehicle) in this way 对（车辆）进行道路测试. the `roadway n part of the road used by vehicles, contrasted with the footpath, pavement, etc 车行道.

road2
`road-works n [pl] work involving the construction or repair of roads 道路施工: We were delayed by road-works for two hours. 我们因道路施工耽搁了两个小时. `roadworthy adj (of a vehicle) fit to be driven on a public road （指车辆）适於在公路上行驶的. `roadworthiness n [U]. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: In a town, street is the most general word for a road lined with buildings 在城镇, street是指道路时用得最广的词, 其两侧有建 物: a street-map of London 伦敦街道图. In British English street is not used for roads outside towns but streets in towns may have the word Road in their names 在英式英语中, street不用以指城镇外的道路, 而 Road一词却可用於城镇街道的名称中: Edgware Road 埃奇韦尔路. An alley or lane is a narrow street between buildings. *alley和lane均指小街或小巷. An avenueis usually a wide street of houses, often in the suburbs and lined with trees. *avenue通常指两旁有房子的宽阔街道, 常指郊区的林荫道. (In US cities avenues often run at right angles to streets. 在美国城市中, avenue与street的走向常有纵横之分.) Roads (US highways) connect towns and villages *road（美国用highway）指连接城乡的公路: a road-map of Ireland爱尔兰公路交通图. Motorways (US freeways/expressways) are built for long-distance traffic toavoid towns. *motorway（美国用freeway/expressway）指避开城镇的长距离高速公路. A lane is a narrow country road which winds between fields, connecting villages. *lane亦指郊外的狭窄小路, 蜿蜒穿过田间, 连接各个村落. Highway is seldom used in British English except in certain official phrases *highway一 词在英式英语中很少使用, 除非用於某些官方用语中: the Highway Code 公路法规. Road, Street, Lane and Avenue are the most common words used in street names and are often abbreviated in addresses to Rd, St, La, Ave. *Road、 Street、 Lane、 Avenue是用於街道名称中最常用的词, 书写地址时常缩写为Rd、 St、 La、 Ave.

roam
[rEum; rom] v 1 [Ipr, Ip, Tn] walk or travel without any definite aim or destination 漫无目的地走动; 漫步; 漫游; 闲逛: * roam through the deserted village 漫步於空寂无人的村庄 * just roaming around 只是随便走走 * He used to roam the streets for hours on end. 他过去常逛大街, 一逛就是几个小时. 2 (phr v) roam over sth talk about various things, or various aspects of sth 漫谈某事: * The speaker roamed freely over the events of the past week. 那个人东拉西扯地谈了一些上周的事. 派生： roam n [sing] walk, etc of this kind 漫步; 漫游; 闲逛. roamer n person or animal who does this 漫步行走的人或动物: He's a bit of a roamer, ie he tends not to stay in one place for very long. 他在哪儿都呆不长.

roan
[rEun; ron] n, adj [attrib 作定语] (animal, esp a horse or cow) with a coat of mixed colour, esp brown with white or grey hairs in it 杂色毛皮的（尤指棕色中混杂白色或灰色毛的）; 杂色毛动物; （尤指）杂色马或牛: * a roan mare 杂色母马.

roar
[rC:(r); rCr] n long loud deep sound (like that) made by a lion （狮子的）吼叫声; 似狮子的吼叫声: * the roar of traffic 车辆的隆隆声 * a roar of applause, anger, etc 雷鸣般的掌声、 怒吼声等 * roars of laughter 哈哈大笑声. 派生： roar v 1 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip] make such long loud deep sounds 吼叫; 咆哮: tigers roaring in their cages 在笼中吼叫的老虎 * roar with laughter, pain, rage, etc 放声大笑、 痛得大叫、 怒吼 * He just roared (ie laughed loudly) when he heard that joke! 他听了那笑话就哈哈地笑起来. * a roaring (ie large, bright and noisy) fire 熊熊烈火. (b) [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (out) express sth in this way 大声表达某事物: The crowd roared its approval. 群众高呼赞成. * roar out an order 高声发出命令. 2 (idm 习语) roar oneself `hoarse, etc make oneself hoarse, etc by roaring 喊得嗓子发哑等. 3 (phr v) roar along, down, past, etc move in the specified direction making a loud, deep sound 发出洪亮、 深沉的声音而行、 而去、 而过等: Cars roared past (us). 汽车隆隆地驶过（我们身边）. roar/shout sb down silence a speaker by shouting loudly so that he cannot be heard 大声喊叫以压倒某人的讲话声（使其讲不下去）. roaring[5rC:riN; 5rCriN] adj [attrib 作定语] 1 noisy; rough or stormy 吼叫的; 喧闹的; 狂暴的; 狂风暴雨的: * roaring thunder 震耳的雷声 * a roaring night 狂风暴雨之夜. 2 (idm 习语) do a roaring `trade (in sth) sell (sth) very quickly; do excellent business (in sth) 畅销; 生意兴隆. the roaring `forties part of the Atlantic Ocean, often very stormy, between latitudes of 40 and 50 S （大西洋的）风暴带（在南纬40和50之间）. a roaring suc`cess a very great success 巨大的成功; 辉煌的胜利. adv extremely and noisily 极度且喧闹地: * roaring mad, ie very angry 大发雷霆 * roaring drunk 大耍酒疯.

roast
[rEust; rost] v 1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] cook (meat, etc) in an oven, or over or in front of a fire 烤（肉等）: * roast a joint of meat, a chicken, some potatoes 烤一大块肉、 鸡、 一些土豆. (b) [I, Ipr] be cooked in this way 烤; 烘; 焙: * the delicious smell of meat roasting in its own juices 原汁烤肉的香味. =>Usage at cook 用法见cook. 2 [Tn] dry (sth) and turn it brown using intense heat 烘乾或烤（某物）: * roast coffee beans, peanuts, chestnuts 烘焙咖啡豆、 花生、 栗子. 3 [I, Tn] expose (sb/oneself) to the heat of a fire, the sun, etc 烤火; 晒太阳: * We're going to lie in the sun and roast for two weeks. 我们打算躺着晒太阳, 晒上两个星期. * roast one's toes in front of the fire 在火前烤脚趾. 4 [Tn] (US infml 口) criticize (sb/sth) harshly, esp in jest; ridicule 严厉批评（某人[某事物]）（尤指以取笑方式）; 嘲讽: * The critics roasted her new play. 评论家狠狠挖苦她 的新剧. 派生： roast adj [attrib 作定语] cooked in an oven, etc 烘烤的; 烤制的: roast beef 烤牛肉. n 1 [C] joint of meat that has been roasted or is meant for roasting 烤过的或适於烤食的大块肉: order a roast from the butcher 向肉商订购一块烤着吃的大块肉. 2 [C] (esp US) outdoor picnic or barbecue at which food is roasted 户外烧烤野餐. 3 [C, U] (US infml 口) (occasion of) harsh criticism or ridicule, esp in jest 严厉的批评; 嘲讽; （尤指）挖苦. roaster n type of chicken, etc suitable for roasting 适於烤食的鸡等. Cf 参看 broiler (broil). roasting adj (infml 口) very hot 极热的; 火烫的: It's roasting today! ie The weather is very hot. 今天热极了! n (idm 习语) give sb/get a (good, real, etc) `roasting scold sb/be scolded severely 严厉批评某人[受到严厉批评].

rob
[rCb; rab] v (-bb-) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (of sth)1 take property from (a person or place) illegally 抢夺; 抢劫; 盗窃: * I was robbed (of my cash and cheque-book). 我（的现金和支票簿）被抢了. * accused of robbing a bank (of one million pounds) 被控抢劫银行（一百万镑）. =>Usage 见所附用法. 2 deprive sb/sth (of what is expected or normal) 剥夺某人[某事物]（想要的或应有的事物）: * Those cats robbed me of my sleep. 那些猫吵得我无法入睡. * (fig 比喻) The fact that he had lied before robbed his words of any credibility. 由於他过去说过谎话, 他的话已经没有人相信了. 3 (idm 习语) ,rob ,Peter to ,pay `Paul pay one debt, etc with money borrowed from somewhere else, thus creating another debt 借新债还旧债; 拆东墙补西墙. 派生： robber n person who robs; thief 抢劫者; 强盗; 盗贼. robbery[5rCbEri; 5rabEri] n [C, U] 1 (instance of) stealing; theft 抢劫; 盗窃; 偷盗; 失窃: * three robberies in one week 一周内的叁起劫案 * Armed robbery is on the increase everywhere. 持械劫案各地均有增无已. 2 (idm 习语) daylight robbery => daylight. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Compare rob, steal and burgle. 试比较rob、 steal、 burgle这叁个词. A robber or thief robs a place, eg a bank, or a person (of things, especially money) and he steals things (from a place or person). 劫匪或强盗rob的对象是‘某处所（如银行）或某人’; 他们劫的‘物（尤指钱）’要用‘of +物’来表达. 他们steal的对象是‘物’; 受损失的‘处所或人’要用‘from +处所或人’来表达. A burglar burgles a house by forcing a way into it and stealing from it. 窃贼burgle的对象是‘房子’, 指以破门、 撬锁等手段强行入户行窃.

robe
[rEub; rob] n 1 (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) long loose outer garment 长袍: * a beach-robe 海滩罩袍 * Many Arabs wear long flowing robes. 许多阿拉伯人身穿松垂的长袍. 2 (esp pl 尤作复数) such a garment worn as a sign of rank or office, or for a ceremony （作为级别或职位标志的）袍服, 礼袍: * coro`nation robes,ie of a king or queen 加冕礼袍（国王或女王穿的） * cardinals in scarlet robes 身穿红袍的红衣主教. 3 (US also `bathrobe) dressing-gown 晨衣. 派生： robe v [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/oneself (in sth) (fml 文) dress sb/oneself in a robe, etc 给某人[自己]穿上长袍、 袍服、 晨衣等: black-robed judges 穿黑袍的法官 * robed in a ceremonial gown 穿礼袍的.

robin
[5rCbin; 5rabin] n 1 (also ,robin `redbreast) small brown red-breasted bird 鸲, 欧洲鸲（褐色小鸟, 胸部红色）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page iv. 2 (US) type of N American thrush resembling this （北美的）尺（似欧洲鸲）.

robot
[5rEubCt; 5robat] n [C] 1 (also automaton) machine that (resembles and) can perform the actionsof a person, operated automatically or by remote control机器人: * Many production-line tasks in car factories are now performed by robots. 在汽车制造厂里, 生产线上的许多工作现在是由机器人来完成的. 2 (esp derog 尤作贬义) person who seems to behave like a machine 行动像机器般的人. Cf 参看 automaton 2. 3 (in Southern Africa) an automatic traffic-light （非洲南部）自动交通信号灯. 派生： robotic/rEu'bCtik; ro'batik] adj like a robot; stiff and mechanical 像机器人的; 呆板而机械的: * robotic movements 呆板而机械的动作. robotics n [sing v] (study of the) use of robots in manufacturing 机器人的应用; 机器人学.

robust
[rEu'bQst; ro'bQst] adj 1 vigorous; healthy and strong 有活力的; 强健的: * a robust young man 身强力壮的青年男子 * a robust appetite 旺盛的食欲. 2 (derog 贬) not delicate or refined 粗野的; 粗鲁的: * a rather robust sense of humour 颇为粗俗的幽默感. 3 (of wine) full-bodied （指酒）浓烈的, 醇厚的. > robustly adv. robustness n [U].

rock
1[rCk; rak] n 1 (a) [U] (usu solid) part of the earth's crust 岩层; 岩: * They drilled through several layers of rock to reach the oil. 他们钻透了几层岩石以寻找石油. * The volcano poured out molten rock. 火山喷出了熔岩. (b) [C] mass of this standing out from the earth's surface or from the sea 岩石; 礁石: * The ship hit some rocks and sank. 那船触到了一些暗礁沉没了. * the Rock of Gibraltar 直布罗陀山. 2 [C] (a) large detached stone or boulder 大石块; 大圆石: * The sign said, `Danger: * falling rocks'. 告示牌上写着: * ‘危险, 前面有滚石’. (b) (US) small stone or pebble 小石子; 卵石: * That boy threw a rock at me. 那男孩朝我扔了一块石子. 3 [U] (Brit) type of hard sugar sweet, usu made in cylindrical sticks and flavoured with peppermint 硬棒糖（通常含薄荷味）: * a stick of rock 一条硬棒糖. 4 (idm 习语) (as) firm/solid as a `rock immovable; dependable 稳固如磐石的; 可靠的. on the `rocks (a) (of a ship) wrecked on rocks （指船）触礁. (b) (infml 口) (of a marriage, business, etc) in danger of failing; in a severe crisis （指婚姻等）濒於破裂; （指生意等）濒於破产. (c) (infml 口) (of drinks) served with ice cubes but no water （指饮料）加冰块而不加水的: * Scotch (ie whisky) on the rocks 加冰块的威士忌酒. 派生： rockery[5rCkEri; 5rakEri] (also rock-garden) n artificial or natural mound or bank containing large stones, planted with rock-plants （天然的）岩石庭园; 假山庭园. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page vii. rocky adj (-ier, -iest) 1 of or like rock （似）岩石的: a rocky outcrop 露出地面的岩石. 2 full of rocks 多岩石的: rocky soil 多石的土壤. rockiness n [U]. 复合： ,rock-`bottom n [sing] (used without a/the 不用a/the) lowest point 最低点: Prices have reached rock-bottom. 物价已下降到最低点. * [attrib 作定语] ,rock-bottom (ie bargain) `prices 最低的价格.

rock1
`rock-cake n small cake or bun with a hard rough surface 一种表皮粗硬的小糕饼或小圆面包. `rock-climbing n [U] sport of climbing rock surfaces 攀岩运动. `rock-crystal n [U] pure natural transparent quartz 水晶. `rock-garden n = rockery. `rock-plant n any of various types of plant found growing on or among rocks 岩生植物. ,rock `salmon (Brit) (piece of) dogfish sold as food （作为食物出售的）角鲨, 角鲨鱼片. `rock-salt n [U] common salt as mined in crystal form 岩盐; 石盐. ,rock-`steady adj unlikely to fall over, be changed, etc 稳固的; 不动摇的; 不改变的: a ,rock-steady `chair, `friendship 结实的椅子、 牢不可破的友谊 * Prices in the shares market are rock-steady. 股票市场的价格非常平稳.

rocket
[5rCkit; 5rakit] n 1 firework or similar device that shoots into the air when lit and then explodes 火箭式烟火或类似装置: * a di`stress rocket, ie used to signal for help 呼救信号火箭. 2 (a) cylindrical device that flies by expelling gases produced by combustion, used to propel a warhead or spacecraft 火箭（发射器）. (b) bomb or shell together with the rocket propelling it 火箭（弹）: * [attrib 作定语] a `rocket attack 火箭攻击. =>illus 见插图. 3 (idm 习语) give sb/get a `rocket (Brit infml 口) reprimand sb/be reprimanded severely 严厉斥责某人[受到严厉斥责]. 派生： rocket v 1 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (up) increase very rapidly 迅速增加: Unemployment levels have rocketed (to new heights). 失业率猛然上升（到新的水平）. * House prices are rocketing (up). 房价在飞涨. 2 [Ipr, Ip] move extremely quickly 飞快地移动: He rocketed to stardom (ie became famous) overnight. 他转瞬间成了明星. * rocket along, away, off, past, etc 飞快地行进、 离开、 离去、 越过等. rocketry[5rCkitri; 5rakitri] n [U] (science or practiceof) using rockets for propelling missiles or spacecraft 火箭学; 火箭技术.

rocky
=> rock1, rock2.

rococo
[rE'kEukEu; rE'koko] adj of a style of decorationin furniture, architecture, music, etc with much elaboratedecoration, common in Europe in the 18th century 洛可可式的（18世纪盛行於欧洲的家具、 建 、 音乐等精致的装饰艺术风格）.

rod
[rCd; rad] n 1 (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) thin straight piece of wood or metal （木质或金属的） , 竿, 棍, 棒: * `curtain-rods 挂 子的 子 * a `measuring rod 测 * `piston-rods 活塞 . 2 stick used for hitting people as a punishment; cane(3a) （责打用的）棍棒. 3 = fishing-rod (fish2). 4 (US sl 俚) hand gun 手枪. 5 = perch1 3. 6 (idm 习语) make a rod for one's own `back do sth likely to cause oneself difficulties later 自讨苦吃; 自找麻烦. a rod/stick to beat sb with => beat1. rule with a rod of iron => rule v. spare the rod and spoil the child => spare2.

rode
pt of ride2.

rodent
[5rEudnt; 5rodnt] n type of small animal that gnaws things with its strong front teeth, eg a rat, squirrel or beaver 啮齿目动物（如鼠、 松鼠或海狸）.

rodeo
[rEu'deiEu; - 'rEudiEu; 5rodi7o] n (pl ~s)1 rounding up of cattle on a ranch, for branding, etc（在牧场中）驱集牛群（为打烙印等）. 2 exhibition or contest of cowboys' skill in lassoing and riding cattle, untamed horses, etc 牛仔竞技表演或比赛（表演掷套索、 骑牛、 驯马等）.

rodomontade
[7rCdEmCn'teid, -'ta:d; 7radEman'ted,-'tad] n [U] (fml derog 文, 贬 ) boastful bragging talk 狂言; 大话; 吹嘘; 吹牛.

roe
1[rEu; ro] n [U, C] (mass of) eggs in a female fish's ovary (hard roe) or a male fish's milt (soft roe) 雌鱼的卵块（硬鱼子）; 雄鱼的精块或精液（软鱼子）.

roentgen
(also rontgen)[5rCntjEn; - 'rentgEn;'rentgEn] n unit of ionizing radiation (eg in X-rays) 伦琴（电离辐射单位, 如X射线的）.

rogations
[rEu'geiFnz; ro'geFEnz] n [pl] special litany sung on the three days (Ro`gation Days) before Ascension Day （耶稣升天节前叁天即祈祷日所唱的）祈祷文. 复合： Ro,gation `Sunday the Sunday before Ascension Day 耶稣升天节之前的星期日.

roger
1[5rCdVE(r); 5radVl] interj 1 (in radio communications) your message has been received and understood （无线电通讯用语）信息收到, 明白. 2 (Brit infml or joc 口或谑) okay 好的; 可以; 行; 对.

rogue
[rEug; rog] n 1 (dated 旧) dishonest or unprincipled man 不诚实或不道德的男子; 无耻之徒. 2 (joc esp approv 谑, 尤作褒义 ) mischievous person 调皮捣蛋的人: * He's a charming rogue. 他是淘气鬼. 3 wild animal driven or living apart from the herd 离群的野兽: * [attrib 作定语] a ,rogue `elephant 离群的野象. 派生： roguery[5rEugEri; 5rogEri] n [C, U] (instance of) dishonest, unprincipled or mischievous behaviour 不诚实的、 不道德的或调皮捣蛋的行为. roguish[5rEugiF; 5rogiF] adj mischievous in a playful way 调皮的; 淘气的; 恶作剧的: * He gave her a roguish look. 他调皮地看了她一眼. roguishly adv. roguishness n [U]. 复合： ,rogues' `gallery police collection of photographs of criminals, used for identifying suspects, etc （警方存档的）罪犯照片集.

roistering
[5rCistEriN; 5rCistEriN] adj [attrib 作定语], n [U] (dated 旧) noisy merrymaking 喧闹作乐（的）. > roisterer[5rCistErE(r); 5rCistErl] n.

role
(also role)[rEul; rol] n 1 actor's part in a play 角色: * play a variety of roles 扮演各种的角色 * the title-role 主角. 2 function or importance of sb/sth 作用; 重要性: * the key role of the teacher in the learning process 教师在教学中的关键作用 * the declining role of the railways in the transport system 在运输系统中, 铁路的重要性逐渐下降. 复合： `role-play n [U, C] activity (esp in language teaching or treating mentally ill people) in which a person acts a part 角色扮演; （尤指语言教学或治疗精神病患者的）角色演习. v [I, Tn]: to role-play a situation 演习处理某情况.

roll
1[rEul; rol] n 1 (a) cylinder made by turning flexible material over and over on itself without folding it 卷状物: * Wallpaper is bought in rolls. 壁纸是成卷买的. * a roll of carpet, film, cloth 一卷地毯、 胶 卷、 布. (b) person or thing with this shape 带有卷状物的人或物: * a man with rolls of fat around his stomach 腹部有层层肥肉的男子. 2 (a) small individual portion of bread baked in a rounded shape 小圆面包: * Six brown rolls, please. 请给我来六个黑面包. =>illus at bread 见bread插图. Cf 参看 bun 1. (b) (with a preceding n or ns 用於名词之後) one of these containing the stated filling 有某种馅的小圆面包: * a ham roll 火腿面包 * a bacon and tomato roll 腌猪肉加西红柿馅的面包. 3 swaying movement; action of turning (over) from side to side 摇摆; 摇晃; （左右）翻滚: * The slow, steady roll of the ship made us feel sick.船老是晃晃悠悠的, 弄得我们很恶心. * walk with a nautical roll, ie like a sailor 走路摇摇晃晃（像海员似的） * a horse enjoying a roll in the grass 在草地上尽情打滚的马. Cf 参看 pitch3 6. 4 official list or register, esp of names 正式的表册; 登记表; （尤指）名单, 花名册: * the electoral roll, ie the list of people eligible to vote in an election 选举人名单 * call/read the roll in school, class, etc, ie read aloud a list of names to check whether everyone is present 在学校、 班...里点名. 5 long steady vibrating sound 持续而平稳的振动声: * A `drum roll preceded the most dangerous part of the performance. 演出快进行到最惊险的部分时响起了咚咚的鼓声. * the distant roll of thunder 远处传来的隆隆雷声. 6 (US infml 口) (Brit `bankroll) wad of paper money 一卷或一叠钞票. 复合： `roll-bar n bar used to strengthen the roof of a car and protect the occupants if the car rolls over 翻车保护 （汽车顶部的加固 , 翻车时可保护乘车人）.

roll1
`roll-call n (time of) reading aloud of a list of names to check whether everyone is present 点名（时间）: Roll-call will be at 7 am. 上午7时点名. ,roll of `honour list of people whose achievements are honoured, esp those who have died in battle 荣誉名册; （尤指）阵亡将士名册. ,roll-top `desk desk with a flexible cover that rolls up into a compartment at the top 卷盖式书桌（顶盖可卷起）.

roller
[5rEulE(r); 5roll] n [C] 1 (a) cylinder used for flattening or spreading things （碾轧或涂布用的）骋衮子: * a garden roller, ie for use on a lawn 园圃滚压机（碾草坪用） * a `road-roller, ie for levelling tarmac on roads, etc 压路机. (b) cylinder on which sth is placed to enable it to be moved 滚柱, 滚轴（物体置於其上便於移动）: * The huge machine was moved to its new position on rollers.那台巨型机器用滚柱移到了新的地方. (c) cylinder on which sth is wound （缠绕东西的）滚筒, 滚轴: * a `roller-blind, ie a type of window blind wound on a roller 卷式窗 . (d) small cylinder of plastic around which hair is wound to make it curl 塑料发卷: * put her hair in rollers （她）用发卷卷发. 2 long swelling wave 翻滚的巨浪: * rollers crashing on the beach 冲击海滩的巨浪. 复合： `roller bandage long surgical bandage which is rolled up before being unrolled onto a limb, etc 带卷. `roller-coaster (Brit also switchback) n type of railway with open cars, tight turns and very steep slopes (found in funfairs, amusement parks, etc) 过山车, 云霄飞车（游乐场、 娱乐园等处的惊险游戏车）. `roller-skate (also skate) n type of shoe with small wheels fitted to the bottom, allowing the wearer to glide over hard surfaces 旱冰鞋; 礮辘鞋: a pair of roller-skates 一双旱冰鞋. =>illus at skate 见skate插图. v [I, Ipr, Ip] roll about smoothly wearing a pair of these 穿旱冰鞋滑行: She roller-skated across rather unsteadily. 她穿着旱冰鞋晃晃悠悠地滑了过去. `roller-skating n [U]. ,roller `towel continuous loop of towel hung over a roller 滚带毛巾（套在滚筒上连续使用的毛巾）.

rollicking
[5rClikiN; 5ralikiN] adj [attrib 作定语] (dated 旧) noisy and jolly 喧闹而欢乐的: * have a rollicking time 尽情欢乐.

rollmop
[5rEulmCp; 5rol7map] n (also ,rollmop `herring) herring fillet rolled up and pickled in vinegar 醋渍鲱鱼卷.

roly
poly

ROM
[rCm; ram] abbr 缩写 = (computing 计) read only memory 只读存储器: * a ROM software component 只读存储器软件元件. Cf 参看 RAM 1.

Roman
[5rEumEn; 5romEn] adj 1 (a) of ancient or modern Rome 古罗马的; 现代罗马的. (b) of the ancient Roman republic or empire 古罗马共和国的; 古罗马帝国的: * ,Roman re`mains 古罗马的遗迹 * an old Roman road 古罗马的道路. 2 of the Christian Church of Rome; Roman Catholic 罗马基督教会的; 天主教的: * the Roman rite, eg contrasted with Greek or Russian Orthodox 天主教仪式（如与希腊或俄国东正教之仪式相对）. 3 roman (of printing type) in ordinary upright form, like that used for this definition （指印刷字体）罗马字体的, 正体的: * The words in the definition are roman/are set in roman type. 本定义中的英文字使用的是罗马字体. Cf 参看 italic. 派生： Roman n 1 [C] member of the ancient Roman republic or empire 古罗马共和国或帝国的人; 古罗马人: after the Romans invaded Britain 在古罗马人入侵不列颠之後. 2 [C] native or inhabitant of the city of Rome 罗马市民. 3 [C] Roman Catholic 天主教教徒. 4 roman [U] plain upright type (not italic) like that used for the definitions in this dictionary 罗马字体,正体（如本词典英文定义使用的字体）: The above definition is set in roman; this example is in italics. 上面的定义用的是正体字排印的, 本例句用的是斜体. 5 (idm 习语) when in Rome, do as the Romans do (saying 谚) one should change one's habits to suit the customs of the place one is living in or of the people one is living with 入乡随俗. 复合： the ,Roman `alphabet the letters A to Z, used esp in West European languages 罗马字母（表）（尤用於西欧语言）. Cf 参看 Cyrillic. ,Roman `candle tubular firework that emits coloured sparks 罗马烟火筒（能喷发彩色火花）. ,Roman `Catholic (also Catholic) (member) of the Church that acknowledges the Pope as its head 天主教的; 天主教徒: He's (a) Roman Catholic. 他是天主教徒. Cf 参看 Protestant. ,Roman Ca`tholicism the faith of the Roman Catholic Church 天主教: convert to Roman Catholicism 皈依天主教.

Roman1
,Roman `nose nose with a high bridge1(4a) 鹰钩鼻（高鼻梁）. ,Roman `numerals (system of) letters representing numbers 罗马数字（体系）（以字母记数） =>App 4 见附录4. Cf 参看 arabic numerals (Arabic).

Romance
[rEu'mnAs; ro'mAns] adj [attrib 作定语] of those languages (the Romance languages) which are descended from Latin, eg French, Italian, Spanish 罗曼语的（由拉丁语演变而成的语言, 如法语、 意大利语、 西班牙语）. Cf 参看 Latin 2.

Romanesque
[7rEumE'nesk; 7romEn'esk] adj, n [U] (of the) style of architecture current in Europe from about 1050 to 1200, with round arches, thick walls, huge vaulting, etc 罗马风格（的）, 罗马式（的）（约1050年至1200年流行於欧洲的建 风格, 以使用圆拱、 厚墙、 巨大拱顶等为特徵）.

Romano-
comb form 构词成分 Roman; of Rome 罗马的: Romano-British settlements 罗马人在英国的居民点.

romantic
[rEu'mAntik; ro'mAntik] adj 1 appealing to the emotions by its imaginative, heroic or picturesque quality （因有想像力、 侠义气概或生动性）动人的, 有浪漫色彩的, 传奇的: * romantic scenes, adventures, tales 富於传奇色彩的场面、 冒险、 故事 * The Lake District is a very romantic area. 英国湖区很有浪漫色彩. 2 [esp attrib 尤作定语] involving a love affair 爱情的; 罗曼蒂克的: * a romantic involvement 堕入情网 * romantic complications 爱情上的纠葛. 3 (of people, their characters, etc) enjoying emotional situations （指人、 性格等）多情的, 浪漫的: * She has a dreamy romantic nature. 她爱幻想又多情. 4 (also Romantic) [esp attrib 尤作定语] (of music, literature, etc) marked by feeling rather than intellect; preferring wild nature, passion, etc to order and proportion （指音乐、 文学等）浪漫主义的: * Keats is one of the greatest Romantic poets. 济慈是伟大的浪漫主义诗人. * a masterpiece of the Romantic school/movement 浪漫派[浪漫主义运动]的杰作. 派生： romantic n 1 person who enjoys romantic situations 浪漫的人. 2 (also Romantic) romantic artist 浪漫派艺术家. romantically[-kli; -kli] adv. romanticism/rEu'mAntisizEm; ro'mAntE7sizEm] n [U] 1 romantic feelings, attitudes or behaviour 浪漫的感情、 态度或行为. 2 (also Romanticism) Romantic tendency in literature, art and music （文艺及音乐中的）浪漫主义. Cf 参看 classicism, idealism 2, realism 2. romanticist[-tisist; -tEsist] n. romanticize, -ise[-tisaiz; -tE7saiz] v [I, Tn] (esp derog 尤作贬义) exaggerate or distort (the truth) in an imaginative, falsely heroic, etc way （以想像的、 虚构英雄事迹等方式）夸大或歪曲（事实）: * Don't romanticize stick to the facts. 别夸夸其谈了--说实际的吧. * a novel that refuses to romanticize the grim realities of war 毫不掩盖战争中残酷现实的小说.

Romany
[5rCmEni; 5ramEni] n 1 [C] gipsy 吉卜赛人.2 [U] language of the gipsies 吉卜赛语. 派生： Romany adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of gipsies or their language 吉卜赛人的; 吉卜赛语的.

romp
[rCmp; ramp] v 1 [I, Ipr, Ip] (esp of children or animals) play about together in a lively way, running, jumping, etc （尤指儿童或动物）在一起玩耍、 跑跳、 嬉戏等: * puppies romping around in the garden 在园子里跑来跑去的小狗. 2 (idm 习语) romp home/in win, succeed, etc easily 轻易地取胜、 成功等: * romp home in a race 在速度比赛中轻易取胜 * The Liberal candidate romped in with thousands of votes to spare. 自由党候选人轻易获胜, 超出所需选票数以千计. 3 (phr v) romp through (sth) (infml 口) succeed easily (in a test, etc) （在考核等中）轻易通过: * She romped through her exams. 她毫不费力就考及格了. 派生： romp n [sing] instance of romping 玩耍; 嬉戏: have a romp about 四处玩耍嬉戏.

rompers
[5rCmpEz; 5ramplz] n [pl] (also `romper-suit [C]) one-piece suit worn by a small child or baby （幼儿穿的）连衫裤.

rondo
[5rCndEu; 5rando] n (pl ~s) piece of music in which the main theme returns a number of times 经旋曲.

rontgen
= roentgen.

rood
[ru:d; rud] n crucifix, esp one erected on the middle of a rood-screen 有耶稣受难像的十字架（尤指竖立在圣坛屏中央的）. 复合： `rood-screen n carved wooden or stone screen separating the nave and choir(2) of a church 圣坛屏（教堂中分隔中堂和唱诗班席位的木雕或石雕屏风）.

roof
[ru:f; ruf] n (pl ~s) 1 structure covering or forming the top of a building, vehicle, etc （建 物、 车辆等的）顶部; 屋顶; 车顶: * a flat/sloping roof 平的[斜的]顶 * fly above the roofs of the city 在城市上空飞行 * Although divorced, they continued to live under the same roof, ie in the same house. 他们已经离婚了, 但仍然同住在一所房子里. * a library and concert-hall both under one roof, ie in the same building 设在同一座建 物内的图书馆和音乐听 * have a/no roof over one's head, ie have a/no place to live 有[没有]住处 * The roof of the mine passage collapsed. 巷道的顶部塌了. * a painful sore in the roof of her mouth, ie the palate 她风部的痛处 * (rhet 修辞) the roof of the world, ie the highest part, esp a mountain (range) or plateau 世界屋脊（最高的部分, 尤指山脉或高原）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, pages vi, xii. 2 (idm 习语) go through the roof (infml 口) become very angry 怒气冲天: * She went through the roof when I told her I'd crashed her car. 我告诉她我把她的汽车撞坏了, 她气得大发雷霆. Cf 参看 hit the ceiling/roof (hit1). raise the roof => raise. 派生： roof v (pt, pp ~ed/ru:ft; ruft] ) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (over/in) (with sth) cover sth with a roof; be a roof for sth 给某物装上顶部; 作某物的顶部: * roof (over) a yard (with sheets of plastic) （用塑料板）给院子搭顶篷 * a plan to roof in the stadium 给露天体育场加盖顶篷的计画 * a hut crudely roofed with strips of bark 简简单单用树皮作顶的小屋. roofing n [U] material used for roofs 作顶部用的材料: [attrib 作定语] `roofing material, tiles, slates, felt, etc 盖屋顶用的材料、 瓦、 石板、 油毡等. 复合： `roof-garden n garden on the flat roof of a building （建 物平顶上的）屋顶花园. `roof-rack (also `luggage-rack) n frame for carrying luggage, etc attached to the roof of a vehicle 车顶架（机动车顶部供装载行李等用的）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xii.

roof1
`roof-top n (a) outer surface of a roof 屋顶的外层. (b) (esp rhet 尤作修辞) top of a building 建 物的顶部: flying swiftly over the roof-tops 迅速飞越屋顶. `roof-tree n strong horizontal main beam at the highest point of a roof 脊檩; 大梁; 正梁.

rook
1[ruk; ruk] n large black crow that nests in colonies 秃鼻乌鸦. 派生： rookery[-Eri; -Eri] n 1 (a) colony of rooks 秃鼻乌鸦群. (b) group of trees where rooks nest 秃鼻乌鸦结巢的丛林. 2 colony or breeding-place of penguins or seals 企鹅群; 海豹群; 企鹅或海豹繁殖地.

rookie
[5ruki; 5ruki] n (infml 口) inexperienced newcomer to a team, an organization, etc 无经验的新成员; 新手; 生手: * [attrib 作定语] a rookie half-back 新来的前卫队员.

room
[ru:m, rum; rum, rum] n 1 (a) [C] part of a building enclosed by walls or partitions, and with a floor and ceiling 房间; 室: * a large airy room on the first floor 二楼的宽敞通风的房间 * He's in the next room. 他在隔壁房间. (b) rooms [pl] set of these for living in, usu rented; lodgings 一套房间（通常指租的）; 寓所: * He's staying in rooms in West Kensington. 他住在肯辛顿西区的寓所里. 2 [U] ~ (for sb/sth); ~ (to do sth) space that is or could be occupied, or is enough for a purpose （可）占用的空间或地方: * Is there enough room for me in the car? 汽车里还有我坐的地方吗? * This table takes up too much room. 这张桌子太占地方了. * Can you make room on that shelf for more books? 你能在那个架子上腾出些地方再放些书吗? * There's no room to work here. 这里没有可工作的空间. * standing room only, ie no room to sit down, eg in a bus, theatre, etc 仅有站位（无坐位, 如在公共汽车、 戏院等内）. =>Usage at space 用法见space. 3 [U] ~ (for sth) opportunity; scope 机会; 范围: * There's (plenty of) room for improvement in your work, ie It is not as good as it could be. 你的工作还有（许多）改进的馀地. * There's no room for doubt,ie It is quite certain. 没有怀疑的馀地. 4 (idm 习语) cramped for room/space => cramp2. leave the room => leave1. no room to swing a `cat (infml saying 口, 谚) not enough space to live, work, etc in 没有生活、 工作等的足够空间: * There's no room/There isn't (enough) room to swing a cat in here. 这里地方过於狭窄. 派生： room v [Ipr] (US) occupy a room or rooms in sb else's house; lodge2(2) （在别人家中）占一间或一套房间; 租住; 寄宿: He's rooming with my friend Alan. 他住在我的朋友艾伦家里. -roomed (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having the stated number of rooms 有所示数目的房间的: a ten-roomed house 有十个房间的一所房子.

room1
roomer n (US) person who rooms; lodger （在别人家中住的）房客; 寄宿者. roomful[-ful; -7ful] n amount or number a room will hold 一室所能容纳的数量: * a whole roomful of antiques 满室的古董. roomy adj (-ier, -iest) (approv 褒) having plenty of space to contain things or people 宽敞的: a surprisingly roomy car 极其宽敞的汽车. roominess n [U]. 复合： `rooming-house n (US) building where furnished rooms can be rented 连家具出租的公寓. `room-mate n person living in the same room or set of rooms as another, eg in a college or lodgings 同住一室的人（如学校或寄宿舍中的）. `room service (those who provide) service of food, etc to a guest in his hotel room （旅馆的）送食物到客房的服务（人员）: Call room service and ask for some coffee. 叫客房服务员送些咖啡来.

roost
[ru:st; rust] n 1 place where birds perch or settle for sleep 禽鸟栖息处: * One of the main starling roosts is on top of the Town Hall. 市政厅的房顶是欧椋鸟的一个主要栖息处. 2 (idm 习语) come home to roost => home3. rule the roost => rule v. 派生： roost v [I, Ipr] (of birds) settle for sleep; perch （指鸟）栖息.

rooster
[5ru:stE(r); 5rustl] n (esp US) = cock1 1.

root
1[ru:t; rut] n 1 [C] part of a plant that keeps it firmly in the soil and absorbs water and food from the soil （植物的）根（部）: * a plant with very long roots 根部很长的植物 * pull a plant up by the roots 把一植物连根拔起. 2 roots [pl] family ties, feelings, etc that attach a person emotionally and culturally to the society or community where he grew up and/or lives or where his ancestors lived （家族的）根: * Many Americans have roots in Europe. 许多美国人祖籍在欧洲. * She has no real roots in this area. 她原籍不在这儿. 3 [C] part of a hair, tooth, nail or tongue that attaches it to the rest of the body （毛发、 牙齿、 指甲或舌头的）根部: * pull hair out by (ie complete with) the roots 把头发连根拔掉. 4 [C esp sing 尤作单数] (fig 比喻) source or basis 根源; 根基; 根本; 基础: * The root of the problem is lack of trust. 产生这问题的根源在於缺乏信任. * Money is often said to be the root of all evil. 金钱常常说成是万恶之源. 5 [C] (also base form) (grammar) form of a word on which its other forms are said to be based 词根: * `Walk' is the root of `walks', `walked', `walking' and `walker'. walk是 walks、 walked、 walking、 walker 的词根. 6 [C] (mathematics 数) quantity which, when multiplied by itself a certain number of times, produces another quantity 方根; 根: * 4 is the square root of 16 (4 x 4 = 16), the cube root of 64 (4 x 4 x 4 = 64) and the fourth root of 256 (4 x 4 x 4 x 4 = 256). 4是16的平方根、 是64的立方根、 是256的四次方根. =>App 4 见附录4. 7 (idm习语) get at/get to/strike at the `root(s) of sth discover the source of sth (usu problematic or unpleasant) and tackle it there 找到某事物（通常指棘手的或讨厌的事物）的根源并加以解决. pull up one's roots => pull2. put down (new) `roots establish oneself in a place to which one has moved 在新的地方立足. ,root and `branch thorough(ly); complete(ly) 彻底（的）; 完全（的）:

root1
* destroy an organization root and branch 彻底摧毁一个组织 * [attrib 作定语] root-and-branch reforms 全面的改革. the root cause (of sth) the fundamental cause 根本原因: * He argues that one of the root causes of crime is poverty. 他认为犯罪的一个根本原因是贫穷. take/strike root (a) (of a plant) send down a root or roots （指植物）生根, 扎根. (b) (fig 比喻) become established 建立; 确立: * a country where democracy has never really taken root 从未真正建立起民主制度的国家. 派生： rootless adj having no root or roots 无根的; 无根基的: a rootless wandering life 飘泊无依的生活. rootlessness n [U]. 复合： `root beer (esp US) non-alcoholic drink flavoured with the roots of various plants 根汁饮料（用植物根茎调味的不含酒精的饮料）. `root-crop n crop grown for its edible roots, eg turnips, carrots, etc 根用作物, 块根植物（如萝卜等）. `root vegetable edible root eaten as a vegetable, eg a turnip, carrot, etc 块根蔬菜（如萝卜等）.

rope
[rEup; rop] n 1 [C, U] (length of) thick cord or wire made by twisting finer cords or wires together （由多股拧成的）粗绳或金属缆: * We tied his feet together with (a) rope. 我们用绳子把他的双脚捆在一起. * The kids tied a (piece of) rope to the tree and used it as a swing.孩子们把（一根）绳子系在树上当作秋千玩. 2 [C] number of similar things twisted or strung together 缠结或串连成绳状的东西: * a rope of onions, pearls, etc 一串 洋葱、 珍珠等. 3 the rope [sing] (infml or rhet 口或修辞) death by hanging 绞刑: * bring back the rope, ie the death penalty 恢复死刑. 4 (idm 习语) give sb enough `rope (and he'll hang himself) (saying 谚) allow sb enough freedom of action (and he will bring about his own downfall) 任由某人为所欲为（终将自作自受）. give sb plenty of/some `rope allow sb much/some freedom of action 给某人以充分的[一定程度的]行动自由. money for jam/old rope => money. show sb/know/learn the `ropes explain to sb/know/learn the procedures or rules for doing sth 向某人解释[弄清楚/学习]做某事的程序或规则: * She's just started it'll take her a week or two to learn the ropes. 她是新手--要用一两个星期的时间熟悉情况. 派生： rope v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] fasten or bind (sb/sth) with (a) rope 用绳系住或捆绑（某人[某物]）: rope (ie lasso and tie up) cattle 用套索套牛 * They roped him to a tree. 他们把他绑在树上. * climbers roped together 用绳联结在一起的登山者. 2 (phr v) rope sb in (to do sth) (infml 口) (esp passive 尤用於被动语态) persuade sb (to take part in an activity) 说服某人（参与一项活动）: All her friends have been roped in to help organize the event. 她所有的朋友都已动员来协助组织这一活动. rope sth off enclose sth with rope(s) 用绳围起某物: rope off the scene of the accident 把事故现场用绳子拦起来. 复合： rope-ladder n ladder made of two long ropes connected by short cross-pieces 绳梯.

ropy
(also ropey)[5rEupi; 5ropi] adj (-ier, -iest) (Brit infml 口) poor in quality, health, etc （质量、 健康等）糟糕的, 差劲的: * ropy old furniture 破旧的家具 * I'm feeling pretty ropey. 我觉得身体很不舒服. > ropiness n [U].

Roquefort
[5rCkfC:(r); - 'rEukfErt; 5rokflt] n [U] type of blue cheese made from ewes' milk 罗克福尔乾酪（用羊奶制成, 有蓝色霉菌花纹）.

roro
[5rEurEu; 5ro7ro] abbr 缩写 = roll-on roll-off.

rosary
[5rEuzEri; 5rozEri] n 1 the rosary [sing] (book containing a) set series of prayers used in the Roman Catholic Church （天主教的）玫瑰经, 玫瑰经经文书: * say the rosary 念玫瑰经. 2 [C] (a) string of beads for keeping count of these prayers （念玫瑰经时用的）数珠, 念珠. (b) similar string of beads used in other religions （其他宗教用的）数珠, 念珠.

roseate
[5rEuziEt; 5roziit] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (rhet 修辞) deep pink 深粉红色的: * the roseate hues of dawn 黎明时分天空呈现的深粉红色.

rosemary
[5rEuzmEri; - -meri; 5roz7meri] n [U](a) fragrant leaves of a type of evergreen shrub, used for flavouring food 迷迭香（一种常绿灌木的叶子, 有香味, 用作调味品）. (b) this shrub 迷迭香（指灌木）.

rosette
[rEu'zet; ro'zet] n 1 rose-shaped badge, usu of silk or ribbon 玫瑰形标志; （通常指丝带或缎带做的） 玫瑰花结: * The fans are all wearing Arsenal rosettes, ie showing their support for Arsenal football team. 球迷全都佩带着表示支持阿塞纳尔球队的玫瑰花结. * the Tory candidate with his big blue rosette 佩带着蓝色大玫瑰花结的保守党候选人. 2 rose-shaped carving on stonework, etc 石制品等上雕刻的玫瑰形花样.

rosin
[5rCzin; - 'rCzn; 5razn] n [U] type of resin(1) used on the strings and bows of stringed musical instruments 松香. 派生： rosin v [Tn] rub (sth) with rosin 用松香涂（某物）.

roster
[5rCstE(r); 5rastl] n (esp US) (esp in the army, etc) list of names showing duties to be performed and the times at which those named are to perform them （尤指军队等的）值勤人员名单. 派生： roster v [Tn] (esp US) place (sb) on a roster 将（某人）列入值勤人员名单中: proposals for more flexible rostering 较灵活的值勤安排建议 * I've been rostered to work all weekend! 给我安排整个周末都要值班!

rostrum
[5rCstrEm; 5rastrEm] n (pl ~s or -tra[-trE;-trE] ) raised platform from which public speeches are made 演讲台; 讲坛: * mount the rostrum 登上讲坛.

rosy
[5rEuzi; 5rozi] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 of the colour of red roses; deep pink 玫瑰红的; 深粉红色的: * rosy cheeks, ie indicating good health 红润的脸颊. 2 (fig 比喻) very encouraging; very hopeful 令人鼓舞的; 极有希望的: * The prospects couldn't be rosier. 前景好得不能再好了. * She painted a rosy picture of the firm's future. 她认为这家公司前途十分美好. > rosiness n [U].

rot
[rCt; rat] v (-tt-) (a) [I, Ip] decay naturally through the action of bacteria, fungi, etc 腐烂; 腐坏: * a heap of rotting leaves 一堆腐烂的叶子 * The wood has rotted away completely. 那木头已完全朽了. * (fig 比喻) He was thrown into prison and left to rot. 他被关进监牢任其苟延残喘. (b) [Tn, Tn.p] cause (sth) to decay or become useless; damage 使（某物）腐烂或无用; 损坏: * Oil and grease will rot the rubber of your tyres. 油污能腐蚀轮胎橡胶. * Too much sugar will rot your teeth away. 吃糖太多就要损坏牙齿. 派生： rot n 1 [U] rotting; rottenness 腐烂; 腐坏: a tree affected by rot 枯朽的树 * Rot has set in, ie started. 已经逐渐腐烂了. * There's dry rot in the floor. 地板已经朽了. 2 [U] (dated Brit sl 旧, 俚) nonsense; absurd statement(s) or argument(s) 胡说; 谬论: Don't talk such utter rot! 别说这种荒唐话了! * `They're bound to win.’ `Rot! They haven't a chance!’ ‘他们一定赢.’‘胡说! 他们毫无希望!’ 3 the rot [sing] liver disease of sheep （羊的）肝蛭病. 4 (idm 习语) the rot sets `in conditions begin to get worse 情况开始变坏: The rot set in when we lost that important customer in Japan. 我们失去了日本的那家重要客户後, 情况越来越糟了. stop the rot => stop. 复合： `rot-gut n [U] (sl 俚) cheap and unpleasant alcoholic drink, esp inferior spirits that can harm the stomach 廉价而难喝的酒（尤指伤胃的劣质烈酒）.

rota
[5rEutE; 5rotE] n (pl ~s) (Brit) (US roster) list showing duties to be done or names of people to do them in turn 勤务轮值表.

rotary
[5rEutEri; 5rotEri] adj [esp attrib 尤作定语]1 (fml 文) (of motion) moving round a central point; circular （指运动）旋转的. 2 (of a machine, an engine, etc) using this type of motion （指机器、 发动机等）转动的: * a rotary drill, clothes drier, switch, etc 旋转式钻机、 乾衣机、 开关等 * a rotary printing machine/press, ie one which prints from metal plates attached to revolving cylinders 轮转印刷机. Cf 参看 reciprocate 2. 派生： rotary n (US) = roundabout 2.

rotate
[rEu'teit; - 'rEuteit; 5rotet] v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] 1 (cause sth to) move in circles round a central point （使某物）旋转或转动: * Danger: * rotating blades. 危险: * 叶片旋转, 注意安全. * rotate the handle gently 轻轻转动手柄. 2 (cause sb/sth to) take turns or recur in a particular order （使某人[某事物]）轮流或按顺序循环: * The post of chairman rotates among members of the committee. 主席一职由委员会的成员轮流担任. * the technique of rotating crops 轮种作物的技术. 派生： rotation/rEu'teiFn; ro'teFEn] n 1 (a) [U] rotating or being rotated 旋转; 转动: * the rotation of the Earth 地球的自转. (b) [C] one complete movement of this type （旋转的）一圈; （一）转: * five rotations per hour 每小时旋转五圈. 2 [C, U] regular organized sequence of things or events 轮流; 轮换: * the rotation of crops/crop rotation, ie varying the crops grown each year on the same land to avoid exhausting the soil 作物的轮作[轮种]. 3 (idm 习语) in rotation in turn; in regular succession 轮流地; 轮番地; 循环地: * The chairmanship of the committee changes in rotation. 委员会主席一职是轮流担任的. rotational[-FEnl; -FEnl] adj. rotatory/ 5rEUtEtErI, rEU5teItErI; ?@ 5rEUtEtR:rI; `rotE9tRrI] adj (fml 文) rotating; of rotation 旋转的; 轮流的: * rotatory motion 旋转运动.

rote
[rEut; rot] n (idm 习语) by `rote by heart; from memory, without thinking of the meaning 凭记忆: * do, say, know, learn, etc sth by rote 机械地做某事、 脱口而出、 凭记忆、 死记硬背. 复合： `rote learning method of study based on learning facts, etc by heart without considering their meaning 死记硬背的学习方法.

rotisserie
[rEu'ti:sEri; ro'tisEri] n cooking device for roasting meat, etc on a revolving spit2(1) 旋转式烤炉.

rotor
[5rEutE(r); 5rotl] n rotating part of a machine, esp on a helicopter 机器的旋转部分; （尤指直升飞机的）旋翼. =>illus at helicopter 见helicopter插图.

rotten
[5rCtn; 5ratn] adj 1 decayed; having gone bad 腐烂的; 变质的: * rotten eggs 已坏的蛋 * The wood was so rotten you could put your finger through it. 木头已经朽了, 用手指一 就是一个窟窿. 2 morally corrupt 道德败坏的; 腐化的: * an organization, a person, a policy that is rotten to the core, ie completely rotten 腐败透顶的组织、 人、 政策. 3 (infml 口) very bad; very unpleasant 极坏的; 极讨厌的: * The film was pretty rotten. 这部影片简直糟透了. * She's a rotten cook. 她做的饭菜真差劲. * What rotten luck! 真倒霉! * rotten weather 讨厌的天气. 派生： rottenly adv (infml 口) very badly 极坏地: Her husband treated her rottenly all their married life. 他们结婚以来, 她丈夫待她坏极了. rottenness n [U].

rotter
[5rCtE(r); 5ratl] n (sl joc 俚, 谑) nasty or worthless person 可恶的人; 无赖: * He's a complete rotter! 他是个十足的大坏蛋!

rotund
[rEu'tQnd; ro'tQnd] adj (euph or joc 婉或谑) (of a person) rounded; plump; fat （指人）肥胖的, 胖墩墩的, 胖的. 派生： rotundity[-Eti; -Eti] n [U] (euph or joc 婉或谑) state of being rotund 肥胖; 胖. rotundly adv.

rotunda
[rEu'tQndE; ro'tQndE] n type of round building or hall, esp one with a domed roof 圆形建 物或大厅（尤指有半球形屋顶的）.

rouble
(also ruble)[5ru:bl; 5rubl] n unit of money in the former USSR; 100 kopecks 卢布（前苏联发行的货币的单位, 合100戈比）.

roue
[5ru:ei; ru'e] n (dated derog 旧, 贬) dissolute or lecherous man, esp an elderly one 放荡的或好色的男子（尤指年长的）.

rouge
[ru:V; ruV] n [U] 1 reddish cosmetic for colouring the cheeks 胭脂. 2 fine red powder used for polishing metal 铁丹; 红铁粉: * jewellers' rouge 抛光铁丹. 派生： rouge v [Tn] colour (the cheeks) with rouge 用胭脂搽（脸颊）.

rough
1[rQf; rQf] adj (-er, -est) 1 having an uneven or irregular surface; not level or smooth 高低不平的; 参差不齐的; 不平滑的; 粗糙的: * A jeep is ideal for driving over rough terrain. 吉普车很适合在高低不平的路面上行驶. * a rough stone wall 里出外进的石墙 * rough hands 粗糙的手 * rough woollen cloth 粗糙的毛料布. Cf 参看 smooth1. 2 not gentle or calm; moving or acting violently 粗鲁的; 粗暴的; 粗野的; 剧烈的: * rough behaviour 粗暴的行为 * His children are very rough with their toys. 他的孩子很不爱惜玩具. * Rugby is a rough sport. 橄榄球是一种很剧烈的运动. * That area of the city is quite rough (ie dangerous) after dark. 那一带市区天黑之後很危险. * This suitcase has had some rough handling, ie has been badly treated. 这个手提箱用得很不在意. * He has a rough tongue, ie often speaks rudely or sharply. 他讲话很不中听（言语粗野或尖刻）. * rough seas 风浪大的海 * have a rough crossing from Dover to Calais 在大风大浪中从多佛港横渡到加莱港. 3 made or done without (much) attention to detail, esp in haste or as a first attempt; approximate 粗制的; 粗略的; （尤指）粗率的或初步的; 概略的: * a rough sketch, calculation, translation 草图、 概略的计算、 粗略的翻译 * a rough draft of his speech 他的演讲草稿 * Give me a rough idea of your plans. 请把你那计画的大概意思告诉我. * I'll give you a rough estimate of the costs. 我给你大致估计一下费用. * rough justice, ie more or less fair, but not necessarily strictly according to law 勉强的公正.4 harsh (in taste, sound, etc) （味道、 声音等）令人不快的; 难吃的; 刺耳的: * a rough red wine 难喝的红葡萄酒 * Your engine sounds a bit rough you'd better have it checked. 你的发动机声音有点不正常--最好检查检查. * a rough voice 粗厉的嗓音. 5 (infml 口) unwell 不舒服: * I feel a bit rough I'm going to bed. 我有点儿不舒服--想去睡觉了.

rough1
6 (idm 习语) be rough (on sb) (infml 口) be unpleasant or unlucky (for sb) （对某人来说）不愉快的, 不幸的: * Losing his job was rough (on him). 他失业了, 真倒霉. give sb/have a rough `time (cause sb to) experience hardship, be treated severely, etc （使某人）受苦、 受到严厉的对待等: * She had a really rough time when her father died. 她在父亲去世以後受了很多罪. a raw/rough deal => deal4. ,rough and `ready adequate but unrefined; crude but effective 能满足需要但不精美; 简陋但有效: * The accommodation is rather rough and ready, I'm afraid. 依我看, 这个住处还算差强人意. * [attrib 作定语] rough and ready methods 原始但实用的方法. a rough `diamond person who is good-natured but lacking polished manners, education, etc 心地善良但粗俗、 缺乏教养等的人. 派生： roughly adv 1 in a rough manner 粗鲁地; 粗暴; : treat sb roughly 粗暴地对待某人 * a roughly made table, ie not finely finished 做工粗糙的桌子.2 approximately 大概; 大约: It should cost roughly 10. 这大约10英镑. * about forty miles, roughly speaking 大致说来, 约四十英里. roughness n [U] quality or state of being rough 粗糙; 粗略; 粗率; 粗鲁; 粗厉: the roughness of his chin 他下巴的粗糙不光滑. 复合： ,rough-and-`tumble n, adj (fight, struggle, etc that is) boisterous and disorganized, but usu not serious 吵闹而混乱的（打、 斗等）（通常不很严重）: All the pups were having a rough-and-tumble in the garden. 小狗都正在花园里又叫又闹. `rough house (infml 口) disturbance with violent and noisy behaviour 大吵大闹. ,rough `luck bad luck, worse than is deserved （不该有的）坏运气. `roughneck n (US infml 口) 1 rowdy person; hooligan 粗暴而好吵闹的人; 流氓. 2 worker on an oil rig 油井工人.

roughage
[5rQfidV; 5rQfidV] n [U] indigestible material in certain plants used as food (eg bran) that stimulates the action of the intestines, and helps the digestion of other foods 粗糙食物（不易吸收的粗纤维, 如糠、 麸, 可刺激肠蠕动, 有助於消化他种食物）.

roughen
[5rQfn; 5rQfEn] v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become rough （使某物）变得粗糙或不平整: * Roughen the surface before applying the paint. 先把表面弄毛糙再涂颜料.

roulette
[ru:'let; ru'let] n [U] gambling game in which a small ball falls at random into one of the numbered compartments on a revolving wheel 轮盘赌: * play roulette 玩轮盘赌 * [attrib 作定语] a roulette wheel 轮盘赌具上的轮盘.

round
1[raund; raund] adj 1 shaped like a circle or a ball 环形的; 球形的; 圆的: * a round plate, window, table圆盘、 窗、 桌 * round cheeks, ie plump and curved 圆而胖的脸. 2 full; complete 满的; 完全的: * a round dozen, ie not less than twelve 整整一打 * a round (ie considerable) sum of money 一笔很可观的钱. 3 (idm 习语) in round `figures/`numbers (given) in 10's, 100's, 1000's etc, without using the other digits 取整数的, 不计尾数的（仅以几十、 几百、 几千等表示）: * Add 2.74 to 7.23 and you get 10.00, in round figures. 7.23英镑加上2.74英镑取整数为10英镑. a square peg in a round hole => square1. 派生： roundish adj approximately round 近似圆形的. roundly adv thoroughly; pointedly 彻底地; 直率地: She was roundly rebuked for what she had done. 她做出了这种事因而受到严厉的指责. * We told her roundly that she was unwelcome. 我们坦率地告诉她大家不欢迎她. roundness n [U]. 复合： round brackets parentheses 圆括号. ,round-`eyed adj with the eyes wide open in wonder, etc （因惊奇等）眼睛睁大的. `Roundhead n supporter of Parliament in the English Civil War 圆颅党人（英国内战时期的议会派人士）. Cf 参看 Cavalier. ,round `robin 1 statement, petition, etc signed by a number of people, often with signatures arranged in a circle to conceal who signed first 圆形签名陈情书、 请愿书等（签名排列成圆形, 故分不清先後）. 2 letter sent in turn to members of a group, each of whom adds sth before sending it on to the next 传阅的信件（各成员传阅并签注意见）. ,round-`shouldered adj (derog 贬) (walking, standing, etc) with the shoulders bent forward （行走、 站立等）弓背曲肩的. Cf 参看 square-shouldered (square1). ,round-`table adj [attrib 作定语] (of a meeting, etc) in which the participants meet more or less as equals （指会议等）圆桌的（与会者平等）: a ,round-table dis`cussion,`conference, etc 圆桌讨论会、 会议等.

round1
,round `trip (a) journey to one or more places and back again, often by a different route 环程旅行（常不循原路线返回）. (b) (US) = return2 5: [attrib 作定语] a ,round-trip `ticket 一张往返票.

roundabout
[5raundEbaut; 5raundE7baut] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] not using the shortest or most direct route, form of words, etc 绕道的; 兜圈子的; 拐弯抹角的: * take a roundabout route 绕远道 * I heard the news in a roundabout way. 我是间接听到这消息的. * a roundabout way of saying sth 拐弯抹角的说某事. 派生： roundabout n 1 (US also carousel, `merry-go-round, whirligig) revolving platform with model horses, cars, etc for children to ride on in a playground or at a funfair 旋转木马. 2 (US traffic circle, rotary) multiple road junction in the form of a circle round which all traffic has to pass in the same direction 环状交叉路（多条道路的交叉口, 车辆均须按相同方向绕行）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xiii. Cf 参看 circus 3. 3 (idm 习语) swings and roundabouts => swing2.

roundel
[5raundl; 5raundl] n circular identifying mark showing nationality, used on military aircraft of some countries 圆形标志（表示国别的符号, 用於某些国家的军用飞机上）.

rounders
[5raundEz; 5raundlz] n [sing v] (Brit) game for two teams, played with a bat and ball, in which players have to run round a circuit of bases 一种似棒球的游戏. Cf 参看 baseball.

Roundhead
=> round1.

roundsman
[5raundzmEn; 5raundzmEn] n (pl -men[-mEn; -mEn/) tradesman's employee delivering goods, etc on a regular route （有固定路线的）送货员: * Ask your roundsman for extra milk over Christmas. 请贵店送货员在圣诞节多送些牛奶来.

rouse
[rauz; rauz] v 1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from/out of sth) cause sb to wake 唤醒某人: * I was roused by the sound of a bell. 钟声把我吵醒了. * It's time to rouse the children. 该叫醒孩子们了. * (fig 比喻) rouse him from his depression 使他不再消沉. (b) [I, Ipr] ~ (from/out of sth) (fml 文) wake (oneself) 醒来: * I roused slowly from a deep sleep. 我从熟睡中慢慢地醒来. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (from sth) (to sth) cause sb/sth to become active, interested, etc 使某人[某事物]活跃起来、 产生兴趣等: * rouse sb/oneself to action 激励某人[自己]行动起来 * roused to anger by their insults 被他们的侮辱所激怒 * When he's roused, he can get very angry. 要是惹着了他, 他有时大发脾气. Cf 参看 arouse. 派生： rousing adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] vigorous; giving encouragement (esp to action) 充满活力的; 激励人的（尤指使之付诸行动）: a rousing speech 振奋人心的讲话 * three rousing cheers for the winner 向获胜者热烈地表示祝贺的叁次欢呼声.

roustabout
[5raustEbaut; 5raustE7baut] n labourer on an oil rig 石油钻台上的工人.

rout
1[raut; raut] n [C, U] 1 utter defeat (ending in disorder) 彻底的失败; 溃败; 大败: * After our fifth goal the match became a rout. 我队进了第五个球以後, 对方一败涂地. 2 (idm 习语) put sb to `rout (dated fml 旧, 文) defeat sb completely 彻底打败某人. 派生： rout v [Tn] defeat (sb) completely; make (sb) retreat in confusion 彻底打败（某人）; 使（某人）溃退: He resigned after his party was routed in the election. 他所在的那个党在选举中遭到惨败, 他随之辞职了.

routine
[ru:'ti:n; ru'tin] n 1 [C, U] fixed and regular way of doing things 固定而有规则性的程序; 例行公事; 常规: * She found it difficult to establish a new routine after retirement. 她退休後觉得很难建立起新的生活秩序. * do sth as a matter of routine 按常规办事 * [attrib 作定语] routine tasks, chores, duties, etc 日常工作、 日常事务、 例行职责. 2 [C] set sequence of movements in a dance or some other performance 舞蹈等表演的成套动作: * go through a dance routine 做一套舞蹈动作. 派生： routine adj usual; habitual; regular 通常的; 惯例的; 例行的: the routine procedure 例行手续 * routine maintenance 定期的保养 * (derog 贬) a rather routine (ie ordinary, undistinguished) performance 很一般的（平淡无奇的）演出. routinely adv.

roux
[ru:; ru] n (pl unchanged 复数不变) (in cooking) mixture of melted fat and flour blended together and used as the basis for sauces 油脂面糊（用以制沙司）.

rove
[rEuv; rov] v 1 (a) [Ipr, Ip, Tn] (esp rhet 尤作修辞) wander without intending to reach a particular destination; roam 漂泊; 流浪; 漫游: * a roving reporter 到处奔走的记者 * bands of hooligans roving (round) the streets 成群结伙在街上东游西逛的流氓. (b) ~ about/around (sth) [Ipr, Ip] (of eyes) look in one direction after another （指眼睛）环顾, 扫视. 2 (idm 习语) have a roving eye be always looking for a chance to flirt or have love affairs 时刻寻找调情或做风流事的机会. 派生： rover n wanderer 流浪者; 漂泊者; 漫游者: She's always been a rover. 她一向到处流浪. 复合： ,roving com`mission authority to travel as much as necessary in order to carry out enquiries, duties, etc （为进行调查、 工作等之需而有的）自由旅行权.

row
1[rEu; ro] n 1 number of people or things arranged in a line 一行; 一排; 一列: * a row of books, houses, desks 一排书、 房子、 书桌 * standing in a row/in rows 站成行 * plant a row of cabbages 种植一行洋白菜. 2 line of seats across a theatre, etc （戏院等的）成排坐位: * the front two rows 前两排坐位 * [attrib 作定语] a ,front-row `seat 前排坐位. 3 (idm 习语) in a row one after another; in unbroken sequence 一个接一个地; 连续不断地: * This is the third Sunday in a row that it's rained. 这是接连着的第叁个星期天下雨了.

rowan
[5rEuEn, 'rauEn; 5roEn, 'rauEn] n (also `rowan tree) type of tree that bears hanging clusters of scarlet berries; mountain ash 花楸树（结鲜红色的浆果, 成串下垂）.

rowdy
[5raudi; 5raudi] adj (-ier, -iest) (derog 贬) noisy; disorderly 吵闹的; 混乱的; 无秩序的: * a group of rowdy teenagers 一群吵吵嚷嚷的青少年 * The meeting broke up amid rowdy scenes. 会议在混乱中结束了. 派生： rowdily adv. rowdiness, rowdyism ns [U] rowdy behaviour 吵闹行为. rowdy n (dated derog 旧, 贬) rowdy person 大吵大闹的人; 好争吵者.

rowlock
[5rClEk; - 'rEulCk; 5ro7lak] (US also `oarlock) n device on the side of a rowing-boat for keeping an oar in place （划艇边缘的）桨架. =>illus at rowing-boat (row2) 见rowing-boat(row>>2)插图. Cf 参看 thole.

royal
[5rCiEl; 5rCiEl] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] 1 of a king or queen 国王的; 女王的: * limitations on royal power 对王权的限制 * the royal visit to Canada 国王对加拿大的访问 * the royal prerogative 国王的特权. 2 belonging to the family of a king or queen （属於）王室的, 王族的: * the royal princesses 国王的（除王后之外的）女眷. 3 in the service or under the patronage of a king or queen 为国王或女王效力的; 国王或女王赞助的: * the Royal `Air Force 皇家空军 * the Royal Marines 皇家海军陆战队 * the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds 皇家鸟类保护协会. 4 suitable for a king, etc; splendid 适於国王的; 盛大的: * a royal welcome 盛大的欢迎. 5 (idm 习语) the royal `we' monarch's use of the plural pronoun to refer to himself or herself 朕, 寡人（君主用於自称）: * (joc 谑) `We've never liked Italy.’ `Is that the royal ``we'’? I think Italy's great!’ ‘我们向来不喜欢意大利.’‘你说的鐯我们斤是指你孤家寡人吧? 我认为意大利好极了!’ 派生： royal n (usu pl 通常作复数) (infml 口) member of the royal family 王室成员. royalist[5rCiElist; 5rCiElist] n person who favours monarchy as a form of government 保皇主义者; 保皇党成员. royally[5rCiEli; 5rCiEli] adv in a splendid manner 盛大地: * We were royally entertained. 我们受到了盛情的款待. 复合： ,royal `blue (Brit) deep bright blue colour 宝蓝; 藏蓝. ,Royal Com`mission (Brit) group of people officially appointed by the monarch to investigate and report on a particular matter 皇家调查委员会（由君主指派的）. ,Royal `Highness (used as the title of a royal person, esp a prince or princess 用作王室成员（尤指王子、 王孙或公主、 孙公主）的尊称): Her Royal Highness, the Princess of Wales 储妃殿下 * Their Royal Highnesses, the Duke and Duchess of York 约克公爵及公爵夫人殿下 * Thank you, Your Royal Highness. 感谢殿下.

royal1
,royal `jelly substance secreted by worker bees and fed by them to future queen bees 蜂王浆.

royalty
[5rCiElti; 5rCiElti] n 1 [U] royal person or people 王室成员; 王族: * in the presence of royalty 在御前 * a shop patronized by royalty 王族成员光顾的商店. 2 [U] being a member of a royal family 王室成员的身分:the duties of royalty 王室成员的责任. 3 [C] (a) sum paid to the owner of a copyright or patent, eg to an author for each copy of his book sold 版税; 专利权使用费. (b) sum paid by a mining or oil company to the owner of the land being mined, etc （矿业或石油公司付给土地所有者的）矿区使用费: * oil royalties 石油开采地使用费.

rpm
[7a: pi: 'em; 7ar pi 'em] abbr 缩写 = revolutions per minute (esp as a measure of engine speed) 每分钟的转数（尤指发动机的）: * 2500 rpm 2500转/分.

RRP
[7a:r a: 'pi:; 7ar ar 'pi] abbr 缩写 = (commerce 商) recommended retail price 建议零售价格: * RRP 35.00, our price 29.95, eg in a sales catalogue. 建议零售价格为35.00英镑, 本公司实际售价为29.95英镑（如商品目录表所载的）.

RSA
[7a:r es 'ei; 7ar es 'e] abbr 缩写 = Republic of South Africa 南非共和国.

RSC
[7a:r es 'si:; 7ar es 'si] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Royal Shakespeare Company 皇家莎士比亚剧团: * an RSC production 皇家莎士比亚剧团演出.

RSM
[7a:r es 'em; 7ar es 'em] abbr 缩写 = 1 Regimental Sergeant-Major 准尉. 2 Royal School of Music 皇家音乐学校.

RSPB
[7a:r es pi: 'bi:; 7ar es pi 'bi] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Royal Society for the Protection of Birds 皇家鸟类保护协会.

RSPCA
[7a:r es 7pi: si: 'ei; 7ar es 7pi si 'e] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals 皇家防止虐待动物协会.

RSV
[7a:r es 'vi:; 7ar es 'vi] abbr 缩写 = Revised Standard Version (of the Bible) 《圣经》修订标准本.

RSVP
[7a:r es vi: 'pi:; 7ar es vi 'pi] abbr 缩写 = (esp on invitations) please reply (French repondez s'il vous plait) （尤用於请柬）请赐覆（源自法文repondez s'il vous plait）.

Rt Hon
abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Right Honourable: (the) Rt Hon Richard Scott 理查德．斯科特阁下. Cf 参看 Hon 2.

RU
abbr 缩写 = Rugby Union 橄榄球联合会.

rub
1[rQb; rQb] v (-bb-) 1 [I, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (with sth) (cause sth to) press against (a surface) with a to-and-fro sliding movement （用某物）擦, 磨, 揉, 搓（另一物）: * If you keep rubbing, the paint will come off. 你再多擦擦颜色就能掉了. * He rubbed his chin thoughtfully. 他抚摩着下巴, 陷入沉思. * rub the glass (with a cloth) （用布）擦玻璃 * rubbing his hands together （他）搓着手. 2 (a) [Tn.pr, Tn.p] apply (sth) in this way 搽上、 抹上或涂上（某物）: * Rub the lotion on(to the skin). （在皮肤上）搽上涂剂. (b) [Tn.pr] move (one's hand, etc) in this way 用（手等）擦, 抹, 抚摩, 按摩: * He rubbed his palm across his forehead. 他用手掌揉了揉前额. 3 (a) [Cn.a] cause (sth) to reach the specified condition by rubbing 用擦、 磨等方法使（某物）达到某种状况: * rub the surface smooth, clean, dry, etc (with a cloth) （用布）把表面擦光、 净、 乾等. (b) [Tn.pr] ~ sth in sth make (a hole, etc) in sth by rubbing 在某物上磨出（洞等）: * rub a bald patch in one's trousers 裤子上磨出一片斑痕. 4 [I, Ipr] ~ (on/against sth) be pressed (against sth) and sliding about on it （与某物）摩擦: * The heel of my shoe keeps rubbing, ie against the heel of my foot. 我的鞋後跟磨脚. * The wheel's rubbing on the mudguard. 车轮蹭着了挡泥板. 5 (idm 习语) rub sb's `nose in it (infml derog 口, 贬) remind sb cruelly of their past mistakes, etc 无情地提及某人已往的错误等. rub salt into the wound/sb's wounds make a painful experience even more painful for sb 在某人的伤口上撒盐（给某人增加痛苦）; 给某人雪上加霜. rub shoulders with sb meet sb socially or professionally 与某人作社交上或职业上的来往: * In his job he's rubbing shoulders with film stars all the time. 他在工作中一直与电影明星有来往. rub sb up the wrong `way (infml 口) annoy sb 惹恼某人. 6 (phr v) rub along (infml 口) (of a person) manage without too much difficulty （指人）（生活等）勉强过得去. rub along with sb/together (infml 口) (of two or more people) live together in a reasonably friendly way （指人）相处得还不错.

rub1
rub (sb/oneself/sth) down rub (sb/oneself/a horse, etc) vigorously with eg a towel to make the skin dry and clean （用毛巾等）将（某人[自己/马匹]等）用力擦乾净: The players paused to rub (themselves) down between games. 运动员在比赛中间休息时擦汗. rub sth down make sth smooth or level by rubbing 磨光或磨平某物: Rub the walls down well before painting them. 先把墙面打磨光滑再粉刷. rub sth in/into sth force (ointment, etc) into sth by rubbing 将（油膏等）揉搓进某物中: Rub the cream in well. 搽上乳膏後揉匀. rub it in emphasize or remind sb constantly of an unpleasant fact 不断地向某人提及令人不快的事: I know I made a mistake but there's no need to rub it in. 我知道自己做了错事, 可也不必老提这个. rub (sth) off (sth) (cause sth to) be removed from (a surface) by rubbing （将某物）擦掉: Rub the mud off your trousers. 把你裤子上的泥擦掉. * Who's rubbed my figures off the blackboard? 谁把我写在黑板上的数字擦掉了? * These stains won't rub off. 这些污迹擦不掉. rub off (on/onto sb) be transferred (to sb) as a result of sb else's example 从他人的榜样中汲取到...: Let's hope some of her patience rubs off on her brother. 希望她的弟弟也能有点她那样的耐性. rub sb out (US sl 俚) murder sb 谋杀某人. rub (sth) out (cause sth, esp pencil marks, to) be removed by using a rubber1(2) 用橡皮擦掉（某物, 尤指铅笔痕迹等）: rub out a mistake, figure, drawing 用橡皮把一错处、 数字、 图画擦掉 * I can't get it to rub out. 我用橡皮擦不掉它. rub sth up polish sth by rubbing 将某物擦亮. rub up against sb (infml 口) meet sb by chance 偶然遇到某人. 派生： rubbing n impression of sth, eg a brass decoration on a grave, made by rubbing paper laid over it with wax, chalk or charcoal 摹拓; 拓印.

rubber
neck

rubbish
[5rQbiF; 5rQbiF] n [U] 1 waste or worthless material 垃圾; 废物: * The dustmen haven't collected the rubbish yet. 清洁工人还没把垃圾收走. * [attrib 作定语] a `rubbish dump/heap/tip 垃圾场[堆/倾倒处] * a `rubbish bin 垃圾箱. 2 (derog 贬) (often used as an interj 常用作感叹语) worthless ideas, etc; nonsense 无聊的想法等; 胡说: * His book is (a load of) rubbish. 他的书简直是废话（连篇）. * Don't talk rubbish! 别胡说八道! * What he says is all rubbish. 他满口胡言. 派生： rubbish v [Tn] (Brit or Austral sl 英或澳, 俚) criticize (sb/sth) contemptuously; treat as worthless 贬损（某人[某事物]）; 把...看得一文不值: The film was rubbished by the critics. 影评家把这部影片贬得一无是处. * She is often accused of rubbishing her opponents. 她经常因诋毁对手而受到指责. rubbishy adj (infml 口) worthless 毫无价值的.

rubble
[5rQbl; 5rQbl] n [U] bits of broken stone, rock or bricks 碎石; 碎砖: * a road built on a foundation of rubble 用碎石做路基修 的道路 * The explosion reduced the building to (a pile of) rubble, ie totally demolished it. 那次爆炸把那建 物毁成（一堆）瓦砾.

rubella
[ru:'belE; ru'belE] n [U] (medical 医) = German measles (German).

Rubicon
[5ru:bikEn; - -kCn; 5rubi7kan] n (idm 习语) cross the Rubicon => cross2.

rubicund
[5ru:bikEnd; 5rubE7kQnd] adj (fml 文) (of a person's complexion) red; ruddy （指人的肤色）发红的, 红润的: * fat rubicund cheeks 丰满红润的脸颊.

ruble
= rouble.

rubric
[5ru:brik; 5rubrik] n [C] words put as a heading, esp to show or explain how sth should be done, etc 标题（尤指提示或说明做法等的）.

ruby
[5ru:bi; 5rubi] n 1 [C] type of red jewel 红宝石: * [attrib 作定语] ruby red 红宝石色. 2 [U] colour of a ruby; deep red 红宝石的颜色; 深红色. 派生： ruby adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] deep red 深红色的: ruby lips 深红色的嘴唇. 复合： ,ruby `wedding 40th anniversary of a wedding 红宝石婚（结婚40周年纪念）.

RUC
[7a: ju: 'si:; 7ar ju 'si] abbr 缩写 = Royal Ulster Constabulary 北爱尔兰皇家警察.

ruche
[ru:F; ruF] n gathered trimming on a garment, etc 褶饰; 褶边. 派生： ruched/ru:Ft; ruFt] adj trimmed with gathered material (eg lace) 用褶饰材料（如花边）装饰的; 有褶边的: * a dress with ruched sleeves 袖子上有褶饰花边的连衣裙.

ruck
1[rQk; rQk] n 1 [C] (sport 体) (a) (Brit) (in Rugby football) loose scrum with the ball on the ground （橄榄球）自由密集争球. (b) disorganized group (of players, competitors, etc) （运动员、 竞赛者等的）散乱的一群. 2 the ruck [sing] ordinary commonplace people or things 普通人; 寻常事物: * He was eager to get out of the (common) ruck and distinguish himself in some way. 他渴望出人头地, 在某方面与众不同.

rucksack
[5rQksAk; 5rQk7sAk] (also knapsack, US also `backpack) n bag strapped to the back from the shoulders, used by hikers, climbers, etc 背包（远足者、 登山者等用的）. =>illus at luggage 见luggage插图. Cf 参看 haversack.

ruckus
[5rQkEs; 5rQkEs] n (usu sing 通常作单数) (infml 口 esp US) noisy disturbance; uproar 吵闹; 争吵: * cause a ruckus 引起争吵.

ructions
[5rQkFnz; 5rQkFEnz] n [pl] (infml 口) angry protests; noisy argument 愤怒的抗议; 争吵; 吵架: * There'll be ructions if you don't do as you're told. 你要是不照办就要吵架了.

rudder
[5rQdE(r); 5rQdl] n (a) broad flat piece of wood or metal hinged vertically at the stern of a boat or ship, used for steering （船的）舵. =>illus at yacht 见yacht插图. (b) similar piece of metal on the rear of an aircraft, for the same purpose （飞机的）方向舵. =>illus at aircraft 见aircraft插图.

ruddy
1[5rQdi; 5rQdi] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 (approv 褒) (of a person's face) having a fresh healthy colour （指人的脸）红润的, 气色好的: * ruddy cheeks 红润的脸颊. 2 reddish 发红的; 淡红色的: * a ruddy glow in the sky 天空的红光. > ruddily adv. ruddiness n [U].

rude
[ru:d; rud] adj (-r, -st) 1 (of a person or his behaviour) showing no respect or consideration; impolite （指人或人的行为）粗鲁的, 粗野的, 无礼的: * He's very rude/a very rude man. 他这人非常粗野. * It's rude to interrupt. 打断别人的话是不礼貌的. * What a rude reply! 多麽粗鲁无礼的回答! 2 (euph 婉) (of a story, etc) slightly indecent; risque （指故事等）近乎下流的, 有伤风化的: * a rather rude joke 颇为粗鄙的笑话. 3 [attrib 作定语] primitive; simple 原始的; 简单的: * rude stone implements 原始的石制工具. 4 [attrib 作定语] violent; startling; abrupt 狂暴的; 惊人的; 突然的: * a rude awakening to the realities of life 突然觉醒而回到现实生活中来 * a rude reminder of the danger they were in 使他们突然觉察到所处的危险之事. 5 (idm 习语) in rude `health (fml or rhet 文或修辞) vigorously healthy 十分健壮的. 派生： rudely adv 1 impolitely 无礼地; 粗暴地: behave rudely 举动无礼. 2 in a primitive manner 原始地; 简单地: rudely-fashioned weapons 原始式的武器. 3 roughly; abruptly 粗暴地; 突然地: rudely awakened by screams and shouts 突然被尖叫声和呼喊声惊醒. rudeness n [U].

rudiment
[5ru:dimEnt; 5rudEmEnt] n 1 rudiments [pl] ~s (of sth) (a) basic or elementary principles (of a subject) （某一学科的）基础, 基本原理: * master the rudiments of economics 精通经济学的基本原理. (b) imperfect beginning of sth that is not yet fully developed 初级形态: * working on the rudiments of a new idea 研究一种新思想的萌芽. 2 [C] part or organ that is incompletely developed 未充分发展的部分; 发育不成熟的器官: * the rudiment(s) of a tail 未完全发育的尾巴. 派生： rudimentary[7ru:di'mentri; 7rudE'mentri] adj 1 existing in an imperfect or undeveloped form 未充分发展的; 发育不成熟的; 退化的: * Some breeds of dog have only rudimentary tails. 有些品种的狗尾巴只有退化的部分. 2 (derog 贬) elementary; (not more than) basic 初步的; （充其量）基本的: * I have only a rudimentary grasp of physics. 我对物理学仅有初步的了解.

rue
1[ru:; ru] n [U] type of evergreen shrub with bitter leaves formerly used in medicine 芸香（常绿灌木, 叶味苦, 旧时用以入药）.

ruff
1[rQf; rQf] n 1 ring of differently coloured or marked feathers or fur round the neck of a bird or animal 鸟兽颈部的羽或毛形成的彩环. 2 wide stiff frill worn as a collar, esp in the 16th century 飞边（宽而硬的皱领, 16世纪尤为流行）.

ruffian
[5rQfiEn; 5rQfiEn] n (dated derog 旧, 贬) violent lawless man 无法无天的暴徒; 恶棍: * a gang of ruffians 一帮暴徒.

ruffle
[5rQfl; 5rQfl] v 1 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) disturb the smoothness or evenness of sth 弄皱或弄乱某物: * a breeze ruffling the surface of the lake 吹皱了湖面的微风 * Don't ruffle my hair, I've just combed it. 别把我的头发弄乱了, 我刚刚梳好了的. * The bird ruffled up its feathers. 那只鸟竖起了羽毛. 2 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] upset the calmness or even temper of (sb); disconcert 扰乱（某人）的情绪; 激怒（某人）: * Anne is easily ruffled by awkward questions. 安妮遇到难堪的问题很容易发脾气. 3 (idm 习语) ruffle sb's `feathers (infml 口) annoy sb 惹某人生气. smooth sb's ruffled feathers => smooth2. 派生： ruffle n strip of material gathered into a frill and used to ornament a garment, esp at the wrist or neck 褶饰, 花边（尤用於袖口或衣领）.

rug
[rQg; rQg] n 1 thick floor-mat (usu smaller than a carpet) 厚地毯（通常比carpet小）: * a `hearth-rug 壁炉前的小地毯. 2 piece of thick warm fabric used as a blanket or covering 厚毯子: * a `travelling-rug, ie for covering a passenger's knees in a car, etc 旅行毯（乘坐汽车等时, 盖住膝部的）. 3 (idm 习语) pull the carpet/rug from under sb's feet => pull2. snug as a bug in a rug => snug.

Rugby
[5rQgbi; 5rQgbi] n [U] (also ,Rugby `football) form of football played with an oval ball which may be kicked or carried （英式）橄榄球（运动）: * [attrib 作定语] a Rugby ball, club, match, player 橄榄球的球、 俱乐部、 比赛、 运动员. =>App 4 见附录4. 复合： ,Rugby `League partly professional form of Rugby, with 13 players in a team 联盟橄榄球（半职业性质, 每队13人）. ,Rugby `Union amateur form of Rugby, with 15 players in a team 联合会橄榄球（业馀性质, 每队15人）.

rugged
[5rQgid; 5rQgid] adj 1 rough; uneven; rocky 粗糙的; 不平的; 多岩石的: * a rugged coastline 多岩石的海岸线 * rugged country 地势起伏的地区. 2 (esp approv 尤作褒义) sturdy; robust; tough(-looking) 强健的; 结实的; （看上去）坚强的: * a rugged player 强健的运动员 * a car famous for its rugged qualities 以坚固耐用驰名的汽车 * a rugged face 健康的脸 * rugged features 刚毅的相貌. 3 not refined or gentle 粗野的; 不文雅的: * a rugged individualist 无教养只顾自己的人 * rugged manners 粗鲁的举止. > ruggedly adv. ruggedness n [U].

rugger
[5rQgE(r); 5rQgl] n [U] (infml 口 esp Brit) Rugby (esp Rugby Union) football （英式）橄榄球（运动）（尤指联合会橄榄球）.

ruin
[5ru:in; 5ruin] n 1 [U] severe damage or destruction 毁坏; 毁灭; 灭亡: * a city reduced to a state of ruin by war 由於战争而遭到严重破坏的城市 * The news meant the ruin of all our hopes. 这消息使我们的一切希望都破灭了. 2 [U] (a) complete loss of all one's money, resources or prospects （金钱、 资财的）完全丧失; （前途的）断送: * Ruin was staring her in the face. 她眼看就要倾家荡产了. * brought to ruin by drugs 因吸毒而断送了前程. (b) cause of this 毁灭、 破产等的原因; 祸根: * Gambling was his ruin. 他堕落是因为好赌. 3 [U] state of being decayed, collapsed or destroyed 破败、 坍塌或毁坏的状态: * The castle has fallen into ruin. 那城堡已破败不堪. 4 [C] remains of sth that has decayed or collapsed or been destroyed 破败、 坍塌或毁坏之残馀物; 废墟: * The abbey is now a ruin. 那修道院现已成废墟. * the ruins of Pompeii 庞贝城的遗迹. 5 (idm 习语) go to rack and ruin => rack3. in `ruins in a severely damaged or decayed condition 严重受损; 破败不堪: * An earthquake left the whole town in ruins. 那次地震过後, 全城到处是颓垣断壁. * His career is/lies in ruins. 他已前途尽毁. 派生： ruin v [Tn] 1 cause the destruction of (sth/sb) 毁坏, 毁灭（某事物[某人]）: He ruined his prospects by carelessness. 他因疏忽大意而断送了前途. * The storm ruined the crops. 暴风雨毁坏了庄稼. * He's a ruined man, ie has lost all his money, prospects, etc. 他已不名一文（损失了全部钱财、 断送了前途等）. * a ruined building 毁坏的建 物. 2 (infml 口) spoil (sth/sb) 毁坏, 损害（某事物[某人]）: The island has been ruined by tourism. 该岛毁在旅游业上了. * It poured with rain and my dress got/was ruined. 大雨倾盆, 我的连衣裙已淋得不成样子了. * You're ruining that child, eg by being too indulgent. 你把孩子宠坏了. ruination[7ru:i'neiFn; 7ruin'eFEn]

ruin1
n [U] (cause of) being ruined 损害, 毁坏（的起因）; 祸根: * Late frosts are ruination for the garden. 晚霜能冻死园中的植物. * You'll be the ruination of me! 你早晚得把我毁了! ruinous[5ru:inEs; 5ruinEs] adj bringing (esp financial) ruin 带来巨大损失的（尤指财务上）: * ruinous expenditure 倾家荡产的花费 * (joc 谑) The prices in that restaurant are absolutely ruinous. 那家饭馆的价钱贵得能把人坑死. ruinously adv: * a ruinously expensive meal, restaurant, coat 价钱贵得令人咋舌的饭食、 餐馆、 大衣.

rule
[ru:l; rul] n 1 [C] statement of what can, should or must be done in certain circumstances or when playing a game 规则; 规章; 规定; 条例: * The rule is that someone must be on duty at all times. 按照规定, 任何时候均需有人值班. * the rules of the game 游戏规则 * rules and regulations 规章制度. 2 [C usu sing 通常作单数] usual practice or habit; normal state of things 惯常的做法;习惯: * My rule is to get up at seven every day. 我习惯每天七点起床. * He makes it a rule never to borrow money.他无论如何也不向别人借钱. * She made a rule of eating an apple a day. 她每天一定要吃一个苹果. * Cold winters here are the exception rather than the rule, ie are comparatively rare. 这里冬天很少有冷的时候. 3 [U] authority; government 统治; 管理: * the rule of law 法治 * majority rule 多数裁定原则 * a country formerly under French rule 以前由法国统治的国家 * mob rule, ie the state that exists when a mob takes control 暴民统治. 4 [C] straight measuring device, often jointed, used by carpenters, etc （木工等用的）尺, （常指）摺尺. 5 [C] (usu straight) line drawn by hand or printed （通常指直的）线条（手画的或印刷的）. 6 (idm 习语) as a (general) `rule (fml 文) in most cases; usually 在多数情况下; 通常: * As a rule I'm home by six. 我通常六点钟到家. bend the rules => bend1. the exception proves the rule => exception. a rule of `thumb rough practical method of assessing or measuring sth, usu based on past experience rather than on exact measurement, etc (and therefore not completely reliable in every case or in every detail) （对事物）粗略但实用的估计方法（通常指凭经验而不作精确的计量等, 故并非时时处处均可靠）: * As a rule of thumb, you should cook a chicken for 20 minutes for each pound that it weighs. 凭经验估计, 每磅鸡肉应烹调20分钟. rule(s) of the `road rules regulating the movement of vehicles, ships, etc when meeting or passing each other 交通规则. work to `rule follow the rules of one's occupation with excessive strictness in order to cause delay, as a form of industrial protest 照章工作（以严格遵守规章为名而行怠工之实的抗议形式）.

rule1
派生： rule v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (over sb/sth) govern (sb/sth); have authority (over) 统治（某人[某事物]）; 管理: She once ruled over a vast empire. 她曾统治过一个版图辽阔的帝国. * Charles I ruled (England) for eleven years. 查理一世统治了（英国）十一年. 2 [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] have power or influence over (sb, sb's feelings, etc); dominate 控制或影响（某人、 某人的感情等）; 支配; 操纵: Don't allow yourself to be ruled by emotion. 不要感情用事. * She let her heart rule her head, ie acted according to her emotions, rather than sensibly. 她感情超越了理智（以感情而不以理智支配行动）. 3 [Ipr, Tf, Cn.a, Cn.t] give a decision as a judge or as some other authority 作出裁决或裁定: rule in favour of the plaintiff 判原告胜诉 * The chairman ruled that the question was out of order/ruled the speaker out of order. 主席裁定该问题不合议事规则[裁定该发言者违反了议事规则]. * The court ruled the action to be illegal. 法庭判定该项行动非法. 4 [Tn] draw (a line) using a ruler, etc; mark parallel lines on (writing-paper, etc) 用尺等画（线）; 在（书写纸等）上画平行线: Do you want ruled paper or plain? 你要有格的纸还是白纸? 5 (idm 习语) rule the `roost be the dominant person in a group 为首; 主宰. rule (sb/sth) with a rod of `iron/with an iron hand govern (a group of people, a country, etc) very harshly 以高压手段[铁腕]统治（人群、 国家等）. 6 (phr v) rule sth off (from sth) separate sth from everything else by drawing a line below it, round it, etc 在下面、 周围等处画线将某部分隔开: rule the photographs off from the text 画线把照片与文字隔开. rule sb/sth out (as sth) exclude sb/sth (as irrelevant, ineligible, etc) 排除某人[某事物]（因其无关、 不合格等）: That possibility can't be ruled out, ie It must continue to be considered. 不能排除这种可能性（有待继续研究）.

rule2
* He was ruled out as a possible candidate. 他已经没有可能成为候选人.

ruler
[5ru:lE(r); 5rull] n 1 person who rules or governs 统治者; 主宰者. 2 straight strip of wood, plastic, metal, etc used for measuring or for drawing straight lines 尺; 直尺.

ruling
[5ru:liN; 5ruliN] adj [attrib 作定语] that rules; prevalent; dominant 统治的; 占主导地位的; 居支配地位的: * the ruling class, party, faction, etc 统治阶级、 执政党、 居支配地位的派别 * His ruling passion was ambition. 他一心要实现自己的抱负. 派生： ruling n decision made by a judge or by some otherauthority 裁决; 裁定; 判决: When will the committee give/make its ruling? 委员会什麽时候做出裁决?

rum
1[rQm; rQm] n [U] 1 strong alcoholic drink distilled from sugar-cane juice 朗姆酒（用甘蔗汁蒸馏制成）. 2 (US) any type of alcoholic liquor 酒.

rumba
[5rQmbE; 5rQmbE] n (piece of music for a) type of ballroom dance that originated in Cuba 伦巴舞（一种交际舞, 起源於古巴）; 伦巴舞曲: * dance/do the rumba 跳伦巴舞.

rumble
1[5rQmbl; 5rQmbl] v (a) [I] make a deep heavy continuous sound 发出持续的低沉的声音: * thunder rumbling in the distance 远方发出的隆隆雷声 * I'm so hungry that my stomach's rumbling. 我饿得肚子咕咕叫. (b) [Ipr, Ip] move (in the specified direction) making such a sound 发着低沉声音（沿某方向）行进: * trams rumbling through the streets 发着辘辘声驶过大街的电车. 派生： rumble n 1 [U, C usu sing 作不可数名词或可数名词, 後者通常作单数] rumbling sound 低沉而连续的声音: the rumble of drums 咚咚的鼓声. 2 [C] (US sl 俚) street fight between gangs （在街上）打群架.

rumbustious
[rQm'bQstiEs; rQm'bQstFEs] (also esp US rambunctious) adj (infml 口) cheerful in a noisy energetic way; boisterous 热闹的; 闹得欢的.

ruminant
[5ru:minEnt; 5rumEnEnt] n, adj (animal) that chews the cud, eg a cow 反刍的; 反刍动物（如牛）.

ruminate
[5ru:mineit; 5rumE7net] v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (about/on/over sth) think deeply; meditate; ponder 深思; 沉思; 思索: * ruminating on recent events 思考最近发生的事. 2 [I] (of animals) chew the cud （指动物）反刍. 派生： rumination[7ru:mi'neiFn; 7rumE'neFEn] n [U]. ruminative[5ru:minEtiv; - -neitiv; 5rumE7netiv] adj inclined to meditate; thoughtful 好沉思的; 思考的: * in a ruminative mood 在冥思苦索中. ruminatively adv: * gazing ruminatively out of the window 若有所思地凝视着窗外.

rummage
[5rQmidV; 5rQmidV] v [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (among/in/through sth) (for sth); ~ (about/around) turn things over or disarrange them while searching for sth 翻找或搜寻某物: * rummaging through (the contents of) a drawer for a pair of socks 在抽屉里（的东西中）翻找一双袜子 * rummage around in the attic 在顶楼上到处寻找. 派生： rummage n search of this kind 翻找; 搜寻: have a good rummage around 到处翻遍. 复合： `rummage sale = jumble sale (jumble).

rummy
[5rQmi; 5rQmi] n [U] any of various types of simple card-game in which players try to form sets or sequences of cards 拉米纸牌戏（玩法是组成套牌或顺牌）.

rumour
(US rumor)[5ru:mE(r); 5ruml] n [C, U] (instance of) information spread by being talked about but not certainly true 传说; 传闻; 谣言: * Rumour has it (ie says) that he was fired. 据说他给解雇了. * There are rumours of an impending merger. 有谣传说是快要合并了. * I heard a rumour (that) he was leaving. 我听人说他要走了. 派生： rumoured (US rumored) adj reported as a rumour 传说的; 谣传的: They bought the house at a rumoured price of 200000. 他们据说是以200000英镑的价格购置的那所房子. * It's rumoured that she's going to resign/She is rumoured to be on the point of resigning. 听说她打算辞职[听说她就要辞职了].

rump
[rQmp; rQmp] n 1 [C] (a) animal's buttocks; tail-end of a bird （兽的）臀部; （鸟的）尾梢, 尾端. (b) (joc 谑) person's bottom （人的）屁股. 2 [C, U] (also ,rump `steak) (piece of) beef cut from near the rump 臀肉牛排. 3 [C] (derog 贬) small or insignificant remnant (of a larger group) 少量的或无足轻重的残馀部分: * The election reduced the Party to a rump. 这次选举後该党已沦为微不足道的少数党.

rumple
[5rQmpl; 5rQmpl] v [Tn] make (sth) creased or untidy; crumple 弄皱或弄乱（某物）; 使起皱纹: * rumple one's clothes, hair 弄皱衣服、 弄乱头发.

rumpus
[5rQmpEs; 5rQmpEs] n (usu sing 通常作单数) disturbance; noise; uproar 骚乱; 喧闹; 喧嚣: * kick up/make/cause/create a rumpus 激起[制造/引起/产生]骚乱. 复合： `rumpus room (US dated 旧) room in a private house (often in the basement) used esp for games, parties, etc; recreation room （私人住宅的）游艺室（常设於地下室）; 娱乐室.

run
1[rQn; rQn] v (-nn-; pt ran/rn; rAn] , pp run) 1 [I, Ipr, Ip] move at a speed faster than a walk, never having both or all the feet on the ground at the same time 跑; 奔跑: * He cannot run because he has a weak heart. 他有心脏病, 不能跑. * Can you run fast? 你跑得快吗? * They turned and ran (ie in order to escape) when they saw he had a gun. 他们看见他有枪, 转身就跑. * She ran/came running to meet us. 她跑着来接我们. * I had to run to catch the bus. 我得赶快跑, 好赶上公共汽车. * She ran out (of the house) to see what was happening. 她（从房子里）跑出去, 看看出了什麽事. * The boys ran off as soon as we appeared. 我们一来, 孩子就都跑了. * He ran home in tears to his mother. 他流着泪跑回家去找妈妈. =>Usage 见所附用法. 2 (a) [Tn] cover (the specified distance) by running 跑（一段距离）: * Who was the first man to run a mile in under four minutes? 谁第一个在四分钟以内跑完了一英里? (b) [I, Tn] (in cricket) score (a run or runs) by running between the wickets （板球）击球跑动得（分）: * run a quick single 击球後快跑得到1分 * The batsmen ran two. 击球员得了两分. 3 (a) [I] practise running as a sport 跑步锻炼; 跑步运动: * You're very unfit; you ought to take up running. 你身体很弱, 应该练练跑步. * She used to run when she was at college. 她上大学时经常练跑步. (b) [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (in sth) take part or compete in (a running race) （参加）赛跑: * Aouita will be running (in the 1500 metres) tonight. 奥依塔今晚参加（1500米）赛跑. * run the mile 参加一英里赛跑 * Cram ran a fine race to take the gold medal. 克拉姆在赛跑中成绩突出夺得金牌. (c) [Tn] cause (a horse or dog) to take part in a race 使（马或狗）参加赛跑: * run two horses in the Derby 让两匹马参加德比马赛. (d) [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] cause (a race) to take place 举行（赛跑）:

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* The Grand National will be run in spite of the bad weather. 尽管天气不好, 一年一度的全国大马赛仍将举行. 4 [Ipr, Ip] go quickly or hurry to the specified place or in the specified direction 迅速地或急迫地前往某处: * run across to a neighbour's house to borrow some sugar 急忙到邻居家去借些糖 * I've been running around (town) all morning looking for Christmas presents. 我（在城里）跑了一上午寻购圣诞节礼物. 5 [Ipr] move forward smoothly or easily, esp on wheels 平稳地或不很费力地向前移动（尤指用轮）: * Trains run on rails. 火车在轨道上行驶. * Sledges run well over frozen snow. 雪橇在冻硬了的雪上顺利滑行. 6 [Ipr, Ip] (of a ship or its crew) sail or steer in the specified direction （指船）行驶; （指船员）驾船航行: * We ran into port for supplies. 我们驶进港口装补给品. * The ship ran aground. 船搁浅了. 7 (a) [I, Ipr] (of buses, ferries, trains, etc) travel to and fro on a particular route （指公共汽车、 渡船、 火车等）（沿规定路线）往来行驶: * Buses to Oxford run every half hour. 去牛津的公共汽车每半小时开一班. * The trains don't run on Christmas Day. 圣诞节火车停驶. * There are frequent trains running between London and Brighton. 伦敦与布莱顿之间火车班次很多. (b) [Tn] cause (buses, trains, etc) to be in service 使（公共汽车、 火车等）运营: * London Transport run extra trains during the rush-hour. 伦敦运输公司在交通高峰时 间增开加班列车. 8 [Ipr, Tn.pr, Tn.p] drive (sb) to a place in a car 开车至某处; 开车送（某人）: * It's a lovely sunny day; why don't we run down to the coast? 天气多好哇, 咱们何不开车到海边玩玩? * Can I run you (ie give you a lift) to the station? 我开车送你去车站好吗? 9 (a) [Ipr] move, esp quickly, in the specified direction 向某方向移动（尤指快速）: * The lorry ran down the hill out of control. 卡车失去控制直往山下冲去.

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* Our time is running out/We are running out of time. 我们剩下的时间不多了. * Could I have a cigarette? I seem to have run out (of them). 给我一枝烟好吗? 我的（烟）已经抽完啦. run (sth) out (of a rope, etc) be passed out; pass (a rope, etc) out （指绳索等）放出, 拉出; 将（绳等）放出, 拉出: The rope ran out smoothly. 绳子顺顺当当地拉出来了. * The sailor ran the line out neatly. 水手很利落地把绳子放出去了. run sb out (often passive 常用於被动语态) (in cricket) dismiss (a batsman who is trying to make a run) by striking the wicket with the ball before he has reached his crease （板球）将（跑动中可能得分的击球员）杀出局（即在其到位前用球击中叁柱门）: Border was (brilliantly) run out by Botham for 41. 博德获41分後, 博瑟姆一个漂亮球把他杀出局了. run `over (of a container or its contents) overflow （指容器或所盛之物）溢出: The bath/The bath water is running over. 浴缸[浴缸的水]溢出来了. run over sb; run sb over (of a vehicle or its driver) knock sb down and pass over (a part of) his body （指车辆或驾驶人）撞倒某人并轧过其身体（之一部分）: I ran over a cat last night. 我昨晚开车轧着了一只猫. * Two children were run over by a lorry and killed. 有两个孩子被一辆卡车轧死了. run over sth read through sth quickly; revise or rehearse sth 快速阅读某物; 温习或演习某事物: I always run over my lines before going on stage. 我登台演出前总要温习一下台词. * She ran over her notes before giving the lecture. 她讲课前把讲稿匆匆看了一遍. run over with sth show a lot of (energy, enthusiasm, etc); overflow with sth 充满（活力、 热情等）; 洋溢: She's running over with health and vitality. 她非常健康, 充满活力. run through sth (a) (no passive 不用於被动语态) pass quickly through sth 快速地穿过或传遍: An angry murmur ran through the crowd. 群众纷纷气愤地抱怨着. * Thoughts of revenge kept running through his mind. 他脑海里时刻萦绕着复仇的念头.

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(b) (no passive 不用於被动语态) be present in every part of sth; permeate sth 遍布於某事物; 贯穿着某事物: A deep melancholy runs through her poetry. 她的诗中贯穿着悲伤的情调. * There is a deep-seated conservatism running through our society. 我们社会中普遍存在着根深蒂固的保守思想. (c) discuss, examine or read sth quickly 匆匆讨论、 检查或阅读: He ran through the names on the list. 他把名单匆匆地看了一遍. (d) review or summarize sth 复查或总结某事物: run through the main points of the news 把新闻要点归纳一下 * Could we run through your proposals once again? 我们再来审议一下你的建议好吗? (e) perform, act or rehearse sth 表演; 扮演; 排练: Could we run through Act 3 again, please? 请大家把第3幕再排练一遍好吗? (f) use up or spend (money) carelessly or wastefully 挥霍（金钱）: She ran through a lot of money in her first term at university. 她上大学第一个学期就花了很多钱. run sth through play (part of a film or tape) by passing it through a machine 播放（电影或录音带片段）: Could we run that sequence through again? 咱们再把那一段重放一遍好吗? run to sth (no passive 不用於被动语态) (a) extend to or reach (the specified amount or size) 达到（某一数额或规模）: The book runs to 800 pages. 该书长达800页. * Her latest novel has already run to three impressions. 她最近出版的一部小说已经印行叁次了. (b) (of a person) have enough money for sth; (of money) be enough for sth （指人）有够作某事物用的钱; （指钱）足够某事物之用: We can't/Our funds won't run to a holiday abroad this year. 今年我们没有钱[我们的钱不够]去国外度假. run `up (of a bowler in cricket, a long-jumper, etc) gather speed by running before releasing the ball, jumping, etc （指板球投球手、 跳远运动员等）助跑: Hadlee is now running up to bowl. 哈德利正在助跑投球. run sth up (a) raise or hoist sth 升起某物: run up a flag on the mast 在旗杆上升起旗子.

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(b) make (a garment) quickly, esp by sewing 赶做（衣服）（尤指缝纫）: run up a blouse, dress, skirt, etc 赶做女衬衣、 连衣裙、 裙子等. (c) allow (a bill, debt, etc) to accumulate 积欠（帐款、 债务等）: You'll run up a huge gas bill if you leave the heater on. 热水器要是总开着, 煤气费就很高了. run up against sth meet or encounter (a difficulty, problem, etc) 遇到（困难、 问题等）: The government is running up against considerable opposition to its privatization plans. 政府的私有化计画遇到了很大的阻力. 复合： `runabout n (infml 口) small light car, esp one for making short journeys in towns 轻型小汽车（尤指市内用的）. `run-around n (infml 口) (idm 习语) give sb/get the `run-around treat sb/be treated in a deceitful or evasive manner 欺骗、 瞒哄或搪塞某人[被欺骗、 瞒哄或搪塞]: He's been giving his wife the run-around, eg sleeping with other women. 他一直蒙蔽着妻子（如与别的女人发生性关系）. `runaway adj [attrib 作定语] 1 who has run away 逃跑的; 逃避的; 私奔的: a runaway child 离家出走的孩子. 2 (of an animal or a vehicle) no longer under the control of its rider or driver （指动物或车辆）失去控制的: a runaway horse, lorry, train 脱 的马、 失去控制的卡车、 煞不住闸的火车. 3 happening very rapidly or easily 来得快的; 来得容易的: the runaway success of her last play 她最近那出戏的一炮而红 * a runaway victory, win, etc 轻而易举的胜利、 成功等. n person who has run away; fugitive 逃跑者; 逃亡者. ,run-down n (usu sing 通常作单数) 1 act of running down (an industry, a company, etc); reduction of the size of an industry, etc （工业、 公司等的）紧缩, 缩减: the government's gradual run-down of the coal industry 政府对煤炭工业所采取的逐渐紧缩的做法. 2 ~ (of/on sth) (infml 口) detailed analysis or description (of sth) 详细的分析或描述: give sb/get a run-down on sth 做出[得到]某事物的详细汇报

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* I want a complete run-down on the situation. 我需要一份有关形势的全面的分析报告. ,run-`down adj 1 in bad condition; dilapidated; neglected 破损的; 破败的; 失修的: a ,run-down `area, `town, `industry, `house 衰败的地区、 衰落的城市、 衰退的工业、 破损的房子 * The whole district is in a terribly run-down state. 这整个地区都已破败不堪. 2 tired and slightly ill, esp from working hard 疲惫的, 衰弱的躱尤指因劳累躣: be, feel, get run-down 筋疲力尽 * You look pretty run-down; why don't you take a holiday? 你看上去气色不佳, 何不去度假? `run-in n 1 ~ (to sth) period of time leading to (an event) （事件的）准备时期: during the run-in to the election 在选举的酝酿期间. 2 ~ (with sb) (infml 口 esp US) quarrel or disagreement (with sb) （与某人）争吵, 争论: have a run-in with sb 与某人争吵. `run-off n extra race held to decide the winner when a race has ended in a tie （平局後的）加赛. `run-through n 1 review or summary (of sth) 复查; 总结: Could we have a run-through of the main points discussed? 我们把讨论的要点归纳一下好吗? 2 rehearsal or practice 排练; 练习: There will be a run-through of the whole play tonight. 今天晚上要把全剧排练一次. `run-up n 1 (a) (of a bowler in cricket, an athlete, etc) running in order to gain speed before releasing the ball, jumping, etc （指板球的投球手、 田径运动员等的）助跑: a fast, smooth, short, etc run-up 快速的、 稳健的、 短距离的...助跑. (b) distance run in this way 助跑距离: Pole vaulters need long run-ups. 撑竿跳需要长距离助跑. 2 ~ (to sth) period of time leading to an event （事件的）准备时期: the run-up to the election 选举前的酝酿时期. NOTE ON USAGE : Compare run, trot, jog, gallop, sprint and race. 试比较run、 trot、 jog、 gallop、 sprint、 racerun2 /// * The car ran off the road into a ditch. 汽车驶离道路跌进沟中. * The ball ran (ie rolled) to the boundary. 球向着边线滚去. * Her eyes ran critically over her friend's new dress. 她以挑剔的眼光打量朋友的新连衣裙. * A shiver ran down her spine. 她浑身哆嗦了一下. (b) [Tn.pr] cause (sth) to move in the specified direction 使（某物）向某方向移动: * She ran her fingers nervously through her hair. 她紧张地用手指拢着头发. * She ran her fingers lightly over the keys of the piano. 她用手指轻轻地弹着钢琴. * He ran his eyes over the page. 他把这一页看了一遍. 10 [Tn, Tn.pr] bring or take (sth) into a country illegally and secretly; smuggle 非法地秘密运送或携带（某物）进入某国; 走私: * He used to run guns across the border. 他过去经常偷运枪枝过境. * run contraband goods/liquor into a country 走私违禁物品[偷运私酒]进入某国. =>Usage at smuggle 用法见smuggle. 11 [I] (of salmon) move up a river in large numbers from the sea （指 鱼）洄游: * The salmon are running. 鱼正在洄游. 12 [Ipr] (of plants) grow or spread in the specified direction （指植物）蔓生: * Ivy ran over the walls of the cottage. 村舍的墙壁上爬满了常春藤. 13 [Ipr] extend in the specified direction 伸展; 延伸: * A fence runs round the whole field. 有一道篱笆围着这一整块地. * The road runs parallel to the railway. 这条公路与铁路平行. * He has a scar running across his left cheek. 他左脸上有一道很长的疤痕. 14 [Ipr] ~ (for...) continue for the specified period of time without stopping 持续; 延续: * The play ran (ie was performed regularly) for six months on Broadway. 这出戏在百老汇连续演了半年. * Election campaigns in Britain run for three weeks. 英国选举活动持续叁周. 15 [Ipr] operate or be valid for the specified period of time （在一定期限内）起作用, 有效:

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* The lease on my house has only a year to run. 我那房子的租期只有一年了. 16 [I] (of a story, an argument, etc) have the specified wording, content, etc （指叙述、 陈述等）有某样言词、 内容等: * The story runs that she poisoned her husband/She poisoned her husband, or so the story runs. 据报道说, 她把丈夫毒死了. * `Ten shot dead by gunmen,’ ran the newspaper headline. 报纸标题为‘枪手击毙十人’. 17 (a) [Ipr] (of a liquid) flow （指液体）流动: * The River Rhine runs into the North Sea. 莱茵河流入北海. * The tears ran down her cheeks. 她的脸上淌着眼泪. * Water was running all over the bathroom floor/The bathroom floor was running with water. 洗澡间水流了一地. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (for sb) cause (a liquid) to flow 使（液体）流动: * She ran hot water into the bowl. 她用碗接点热水. * run the hot tap 打开热水的水龙头 * Could you run me a hot bath/run a hot bath for me? 你给我放一盆热的洗澡水好吗? (c) [I] (of a tap, etc) send out a liquid （指水龙头等）流出液体: * Who left the tap running? 谁忘了关水龙头了? * Your nose is running, ie Mucus is flowing from it. 你流鼻涕了. * The smoke makes my eyes run. 烟熏得我直流眼泪. =>Usage at drip1 用法见drip1. (d) [Ipr] ~ with sth (usu in the continuous tenses 通常用於进行时态) be covered with (a flowing liquid) 流满（液体）: * The streets were running with blood after the massacre. 那场大屠杀後街上血流成河. * His face was running with sweat. 他汗流满面. 18 [I] (of dye or colour in a garment) dissolve and spread （指衣服上的染料或颜色）掉色, 扩散: * I'm afraid the colour ran when I washed your new skirt. 很遗憾, 你那条新裙子我洗的时候掉色了. 19 [I] melt 融化: * It was so hot that the butter ran. 天气太热, 黄油都化了. * The wax began to run. 蜡开始融化了.

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20 [La, I] (of the sea, the tide, a river, etc) rise higher or flow faster （指海水、 潮水、 河水等）上涨, 流动加快: * The tide was running strong. 潮水涨得很猛. 21 [La] pass into or reach the specified state; become 进入或达到某种状态; 变成: * The water ran cold when I turned the tap on. 我把水龙头打开, 水就凉了run5 /// * Reagan ran (for the Presidency) a second time in 1980. 里根於1980年再次竞选（总统）. * How many candidates are running in the Presidential election? 有多少候选人参加总统竞选? 27 [Tn] present or nominate (sb) as a candidate in an election 提出（某人）参加竞选: * How many candidates is the Liberal Party running in the General Election? 自由党在这次大选中提出了多少个候选人? 28 [Tn] (of a newspaper or magazine) print and publish (sth) as an item or a story （指报刊）刊登, 发表: * The `Guardian' is running a series of articles on Third World Economics. 《卫报》发表了论《第叁世界的经济》的一系列文章. 29 [I] (esp US) (of a woven or knitted garment) become unwoven or unravelled （指编织的或针织的服装）脱针, 脱线, 抽丝: * Nylon tights sometimes run, ie ladder. 尼龙裤袜有时候抽丝. 30 [La, Ipr] (esp in the continuous tenses 尤用於进行时态) (of an event, a train, etc) happen, arrive, etc at the specified time （指事情等）（在某时候）发生; （指火车等）（在某时刻）到达: * The trains are running an hour late. 火车晚点一个小时. * Programmes are running a few minutes behind schedule this evening. 今晚的节目演出比预定的时间晚了几分钟. 31 (idm 习语) come running be eager to do what sb wants 渴望做某人想做的事: * If you offer the children rewards for helping they'll all come running. 要是让孩子帮忙做事, 给他们点奖品, 他们就巴不得都来帮忙了. `run for it run in order to escape from sb/sth 逃跑: * Run for it he's got a gun! 快逃吧--他带着枪呢! (For other idioms containing run, see entries for ns, adjs, etc 查阅与run搭配的其他习语, 见有关名词、 形容词等的词条, 如 run/take its course => course1; run riot => riot.) 32 (phr v) run across sb/sth meet sb or find sth by chance 偶然遇见某人或发现某事物: I ran across my old friend Jean in Paris last week. 上周我在巴黎遇见了老朋友琼.

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run after sb (no passive 不用於被动语态) (a) run to try to catch sb; chase sb 追赶某人; 追逐某人: The dog was running after a rabbit. 狗在追一只兔子. (b) (infml 口) (esp of a woman) seek sb's company (in order to have a romantic or sexual relationship with him) （尤指女性）追求（男子）: She runs after every good-looking man she meets. 凡是漂亮的男子, 她见一个追一个. run a`long (infml 口) (used in the imperative to tell sb, esp a child, to go away 用以叫某人（尤指小孩）离开): Run along now, children, I'm busy. 走开吧, 孩子们, 我正忙着呢. run at sb (no passive 不用於被动语态) run towards sb (as if) to attack him 向某人冲去: He ran at me with a knife. 他持刀向我冲来. run at sth (no passive 不用於被动语态, usu in the continuous tenses 通常用於进行时态) (of a statistic or figure) be at the specified level or rate （指统计或数字）达到一定水平或比率: Inflation is running at 25%. 通货膨胀率达25%. * Interest rates are running at record levels. 利率达到创记录的水平. run a`way (from sb/...) suddenly leave sb/a place; escape from sb/a place 突然离开某人[某处]; 从某人处[某处]逃走: Don't run away I want your advice. 请不要走--我需要你的意见. * He ran away from home at the age of thirteen. 他十叁岁那年就离家出走了. run away from sth try to avoid sth because one is shy, lacking in confidence, etc 因羞怯、 缺乏信心等而极力回避某事物; 逃避: run away from a difficult situation 尽力摆脱困境 * Her suicide bid was an attempt to run away from reality. 她想自杀就是要逃避现实. run a`way with one (of a feeling) gain complete control of one; dominate one （指感情）完全控制自己, 支配自己: Don't let your temper run away with you. 要控制住自己, 不要发脾气. * Her imagination tends to run away with her. 她的想像力如脱 之马难以驾驭. run away with sb; run a`way (together) (also infml 口语作 run off with sb; run `off (together)) leave home, one's husband etc with sb, in order to have a relationship with him or marry him 与某人私奔: She ran away with her boss/She and her boss ran away (together). 她与老板私奔了. run away with sth (a) steal sth and carry it away 偷走某物: A cashier ran away with the day's takings. 出纳员偷走了当天的进款.

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(b) use up or consume a lot of sth 用尽或大量消耗某物: My new car really runs away with the petrol. 我的新汽车耗油太多了. (c) win sth clearly or easily 轻易赢得某事物: The champion ran away with the match. 这个冠军获得的不费吹灰之力. run sth back rewind (a film, tape, etc) in order to see or hear it again 倒回（影片、 录音带等）. run back over sth discuss or consider sth again; review sth 重新讨论或研究某事物; 回顾某事物: I'll run back over the procedure once again. 我把这个程序再复查一次. run (sth) down (a) (cause sth to) lose power or stop functioning （使某物）耗尽能源或失去作用: My car battery has run down; it needs recharging. 我的汽车电池没电了, 需要充电. * If you leave your headlights on you'll soon run down the battery. 停车後不关前灯, 电池的电很快就会耗尽. (b) (often in the continuous tenses 常用於进行时态) (cause sth to) stop functioning gradually or decline in size or number （使某事物）逐渐失去作用, 衰退, 衰减, 萎缩: British manufacturing industry has been running down for years. 英国的制造业多年来一直在走下坡路. * The local steelworks is being run down and is likely to close within three years. 当地的这家钢铁厂越来越不景气, 有可能在叁年内关闭. * The company is running down its sales force. 这家公司正在裁减推销人员. run sb/sth down (a) (of a vehicle or its driver) hit sb/sth and knock him/it to the ground; (of a ship) collide with sth （指车辆或驾驶人）撞倒某人[某物]; （指船）与某物相撞: run down a pedestrian 撞倒一行人 * The cyclist was run down by a lorry. 卡车把骑自行车的人撞倒了. * The liner ran down a fishing-boat in thick fog. 班轮在浓雾中撞上了渔船. (b) criticize sb/sth unkindly; disparage sb/sth 说某人[某事物]的坏话; 贬低某人[某事物]: He's always running down his wife's cooking. 他总嫌妻子做的饭菜不好. * She's always running her children down in public. 她总是当着人说自己的孩子不懂事.

run8
(c) find sb/sth after looking for him/it for a long time （寻找很长时间後）找到某人[某物]: I finally ran the book down in the university library. 我终於在大学图书馆找到了那本书. * The criminal was eventually run down in the woods near his home. 那罪犯终於落网, 就在他家附近的树林里被捕. run sb in (infml 口) arrest sb and take him to a police station 逮捕某人押送警察局: He was run in for drunk and disorderly behaviour. 他因酗酒滋事而被拘留. run sth in prepare (the engine of a new car) for normal use by driving slowly and carefully 进行（新汽车的发动机的）磨合运转, 磨合试车: Don't drive your new car too fast until you've run it in. 新汽车未经磨合运转不要开得太快. run into sb meet sb by chance 偶然遇见某人: Guess who I ran into today. 你猜我今天碰见谁了. * I ran into an old schoolfriend at the supermarket this morning. 今天早上我在超级市场碰见了一个老同学. run into sth (a) meet or enter (an area of bad weather) while travelling （旅行中）遇到（坏天气）: We ran into a patch of thick fog just outside Edinburgh. 我们就在爱丁堡城外遇到了浓雾. (b) encounter (difficulties, problems, etc) 遭遇（困难、 问题等）: The project is running into financial difficulties. 这一项目遇到了财务困难. * run into debt, danger, trouble 陷入债务、 危险、 困境之中. (c) (no passive 不用於被动语态) reach (the specified level or amount) 达到（某一水平或数额）: Her income runs into six figures, ie is more than 100000. 她的收入达到六位数字（超过 100000 英镑）. * Her last novel ran into three reprints in its first year of publication. 她最近的一部小说在出版当年就印行了叁次. run (sth) into sb/sth (cause a car, etc to) collide with or crash into sb/sth （使汽车等）撞及某人[某物]: The bus went out of control and ran into a shop front. 那公共汽车失去控制, 撞到了一家商店的门脸. * She ran (ie drove) her car into a tree while reversing. 她倒车时撞着了一棵树.

run9
run (sth) off (cause liquid to) drain or flow out of a container （使液体）流尽, 排出: Why don't you ever run the water off after you've had a bath? 你洗完澡後为什麽老是不把水放掉? run sth off (a) cause (a race) to be contested 进行（速度比赛）: The heats of the 200 metres will be run off tomorrow. 明天举行200米预赛. (b) copy, reproduce or duplicate sth, eg on a photocopying machine 复印或复制某物: Could you run (me) off twenty copies of the agenda? 你把议事日程表给（我）复印二十份好吗? run off with sb; run off (together) (infml 口) = run away with sb; run away (together). run off with sth steal sth and carry it away 偷走某物: The treasurer has run off with the club's funds. 会计拐走了俱乐部的资金. run `on continue without stopping; go on 连续不断; 继续下去: The meeting will finish promptly I don't want it to run on. 会议要按时结束--不要拖延下去. * She does run on so! 她简直没完没了! run (sth) on (of a line of type) continue without being indented to show the beginning of a paragraph; continue (a line of type) without indenting it to show the beginning of a paragraph （指印刷文字的一行）接下去不分段; 使（印刷文字的一行）接下去不分段. run on sth (no passive 不用於被动语态) (of thoughts, a discussion, etc) have sth as a subject; be concerned with sth （指思想、 议论等）以某事物为主题, 涉及某事物: Her talk ran on developments in computer software. 她谈的是计算机软件的开发问题. * His thoughts kept running on recent events in India. 他一直想着最近在印度发生的事. run `out (of an agreement, a document, etc) become no longer valid; expire （指协议、 文件等）失效, 过期: The lease on our flat runs out in a few months. 我们公寓的租约还有几个月就到期了. * My passport has run out. 我的护照已失效. run out (of sth) (of a supply of sth) be used up, finished or exhausted; (of a person) use up or finish (a supply of sth) （指供应品）用完, 耗尽; （指人）用完, 耗尽（供应品）: The petrol is running out/We are running out of petrol. 汽油快用光了[我们的汽油快用光了].

rune
[ru:n; run] n 1 any of the letters in an ancient Germanic alphabet used by the Scandinavians and Anglo-Saxons for carving on wood or in stone 古日耳曼字母（斯堪的那维亚人和盎格鲁撒克逊人刻於木石上的）. 2 similar mark with a mysterious or magic meaning 神秘的或有魔力的符号. 派生： runic[5ru:nik; 5runik] adj of runes; written in or inscribed with runes 古日耳曼字母的; 有神秘符号的; 用古日耳曼字母写成或刻成的: * a runic calendar, alphabet, sign 用古日耳曼字母写成的历书、 古日耳曼字母表、 有魔力的神秘符号.

rung
1[rQN; rQN] n [C] 1 cross-piece forming a step in a ladder （梯子的）横档, 梯级. =>illus at ladder 见ladder插图. 2 cross-piece joining the legs of a chair, etc to strengthen it （椅子等腿间的）横档. 3 (fig 比喻) level or rank in society, one's career, an organization, etc （社会、 职业、 组织等的）阶层, 等级: * start on the lowest/bottom rung of the salary scale 从最低级别的薪金开始 * His promotion has moved him up several rungs on the management ladder. 他获得提升, 在管理阶层中提高了好几级.

runnel
[5rQnl; 5rQnl] n (fml 文) small trickle or stream 细流; 小溪: * The rain ran in shallow runnels alongside the path. 雨水流进路边的小河沟里.

runner
[5rQnE(r); 5rQnl] n 1 person or animal that runs; one taking part in a race 奔跑的人或动物; 赛跑的人或动物: * a long-distance runner 长跑者 * There are eight runners (ie horses competing) in the final race. 有八匹马参加决赛. 2 messenger, esp for a bank or stockbroker信差; 送信人; （尤指银行或股票经纪人的）跑外. 3 (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) person smuggling the goods stated into or out of an area 偷运某货物出入某地的人; 走私者: * `drug-runners 偷运毒品的人 * `gun-runners 走私枪枝的人. 4 metal or wood strip on which sth slides or moves along （金属制的或木制的）条状滑行装置: * the runners (ie blades) of my ice-skates 我的冰鞋上的冰刀 * sledge runners 雪橇的滑板. 5 creeping plant stem that can take root 匍匐茎; 纤匐枝: * strawberry runners 草莓纤匐枝. 6 long narrow strip of embroidered cloth, lace, etc placed on a sideboard, table, etc for ornament or protection （铺於餐具柜、 桌子等上的）长条咳花饰布、 饰带等. 复合： ,runner `bean (also string bean) (Brit) (US `pole bean) (a) type of climbing bean-plant 红花菜豆（攀缘豆科植物）. (b) long green pod growing from this 红花菜豆（此种植物的绿色长豆荚）. runner-up[7rQnEr'Qp; 7rQnl'Qp] n (pl runners-up/ 9rQnEz5Qp; 9rQnLz`Qp/) ~ (to sb) person or team finishing second in a race or competition （竞赛中的）第二名, 亚军.

running
[5rQniN; 5rQniN] n [U] 1 action or sport of running 跑; 跑步; 赛跑: * take up running 开始跑步 * [attrib 作定语] running shoes 跑鞋. 2 management, maintenance or operation 管理; 经营; 维持; 操作: * the day-to-day running of a shop, business, machine, country 商店的日常经营、 事务的日常料理、 机器的日常运转、 国家的日常管理 * [attrib 作定语] the running costs of a car, eg of fuel, repairs, insurance 汽车的消费（如燃料费、 保养费、 保险费）. 3 (idm 习语) in/out of the `running (for sth) (infml 口) having some/no chance of succeeding or achieving sth 有[无]达到或实现某目的之机会: * be in the running for a management post, a company car 有可能获得管理职位、 公司的汽车. make the `running (infml 口) set the pace or standard 定步调; 带头; 做榜样: * Wall Street made Friday's running on the international stock exchange. 在国际股票交易中, 华尔街星期五率先确定了走势行情. * Mike is rather timid with women, so Sue has to make all the running in their relationship. 迈克在女子面前很 腆, 所以苏珊只好对迈克主动一些. 派生： running adj 1 [attrib 作定语] performed while running 边跑边做的; 在奔跑中完成的: a running jump, kick 跑跳步、 跑动踢球. 2 [attrib 作定语] continuous or uninterrupted 连续的; 不断的: a running battle for control of the party 为控制该党而进行的持续斗争 * The police kept up a running fire of questions during their interrogation of the suspect. 警方审问嫌疑犯时提出了一连串的问题. 3 [pred 作表语] (following a numberand a pl n 用於数字及复数名词之後) in succession; consecutively 接连; 连续: win three times running 连胜叁次 * For the sixth day running, my car wouldn't start. 我的汽车已连续六天发动不起来了. 4 [attrib 作定语] (of water) flowing （指水）流动的: I can hear running water. 我听见有流水的声音. * All our rooms have hot and cold running water, ie from taps. 我们所有的房间都有冷热自来水.

running1
5 [attrib 作定语] (of sores, etc) exuding liquid or pus （指伤口等）排出液体的, 流脓的. 6 (idm 习语) in running/working order => order1. take a running `jump (a) run up to the point where one jumps 助跑起跳. (b) (sl 俚) (used as a command 用作命令语) go away 走开: I refused to lend him any more money and told him to take a running jump. 我不愿再借给他钱, 便叫他走开. 复合： `running-board n (formerly) foot-board under the doors of a car （旧时）汽车车门下方的踏板. ,running `commentary spoken description of events as they occur, esp by a broadcaster 现场报道（尤指广播的）: From the passenger seat, he kept up a running commentary on her driving. 他坐在乘客座位上评论她的驾驶技术. `running mate 1 (politics 政 esp US) candidate for a supporting position in an election, esp for the Vice-Presidency 竞选夥伴; （尤指）副总统候选人. 2 horse used to set the pace for another in a race （赛马中）领跑的马. ,running re`pairs minor repairs or replacement of parts 小修; 修配: Our photocopier is in continual need of running repairs. 我们的复印机经常需要检修. `running stitch line of evenly-spaced stitches made by a straight thread passing in and out of the material 直行针脚. ,running `total total (eg of costs, expenses) which includes each new item as it occurs 累积总计（如费用、 开支的）.

runny
[5rQni; 5rQni] adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) 1 (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) more liquid than is usual or expected 水分过多的; 太稀的: * runny jam, sauce, cake-mixture, etc 很稀的果酱、 沙司、 糕饼混合料等 * Omelettes should be runny (ie not fully cooked) in the middle. 荷包蛋要煎成溏心儿的. 2 (of the nose or eyes) tending to exude mucus （指鼻子）流鼻涕的; （指眼睛）流泪的: * You've got a runny nose! 你流鼻涕了!

runt
[rQnt; rQnt] n 1 undersized animal, esp the smallest and weakest of a litter 发育不良的小动物（尤指一胎中最弱小的）. 2 (derog 贬) insignificant or worthless person 小人物; 卑微小人.

runway
[5rQnwei; 5rQn7we] n prepared surface along which aircraft take off and land （飞机的）跑道.

rupee
[ru:'pi:; ru'pi] n [C] unit of money in India, Pakistan and certain other countries 卢比（印度、 巴基斯坦等国的货币单位）.

rupture
[5rQptFE(r); 5rQptFl] n 1 [C, U] (fml 文) (instance of) breaking apart or bursting 破裂; 断裂: * the rupture of a blood-vessel, seed-pod, membrane 血管、 豆荚、 薄膜的破裂. 2 [C, U] (fig fml 比喻, 文 ) (instance of) ending of friendly relations （友好关系的）破裂, 决裂; 绝交: * deep ruptures within the party 党内严重的分裂. 3 [C] (medical 医) swelling in the abdomen caused when some organ or tissue breaks through the wall of its retaining cavity 疝. Cf 参看 hernia. 派生： rupture v 1 (a) [I, Tn] (cause tissue, an organ, etc to) burst or break （使身体组织、 器官等）破裂, 裂开: a ruptured appendix, spleen 阑尾穿孔、 脾破裂. (b) [Tn] ~ oneself cause such a burst or break to happen to oneself 发生疝; 出现疝: He ruptured himself lifting a bookcase. 他抬书柜时出现了疝. 2 [I, Tn] (fml 文) (cause a connection, union, etc to) end （使关系等）破裂, 断绝: the risk of rupturing East-West relations 可能破坏东西方关系的危险.

rural
[5ruErEl; 5rurEl] adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] of, in or suggesting the countryside 乡村的; 在乡村的; 有乡村特点的: * rural areas, scenes, smells, accents 农村地区、 乡村风光、 乡土气息、 乡下口音 * rural bus services, MPs, pastimes 乡间公共汽车运营、 下议院议员、 娱乐活动 * life in rural Britain 英国的乡村生活. Cf 参看 rustic 1, urban. 复合： ,rural `dean = dean 2. ,rural de`livery, ,rural `route, (US) delivery of mail in rural areas 乡村投递（路线）.

Ruritanian
[7ruEri5teiniEn; 7rurE'teniEn] adj (of a State, its politics) full of plots and intrigues (as in two melodramatic novels about an imaginary country called Ruritania) （指国家、 政治）玩弄阴谋诡计的.

ruse
[ru:z; ruz] n deceitful way of doing sth or getting sth; trick 骗术; 诈术; 诡计: * think up a ruse for getting into the cinema without paying 想个不花钱进电影院的花招 * My ruse failed. 我的计谋落空了.

rush
1[rQF; rQF] v 1 [I, Ipr, Ip, It, Tn.pr, Tn.p, Dn.n, Dn.pr] (cause sb/sth to) go or come with great speed （使某人[某物]）急速去或来: * Don't rush: * take your time. 别急急忙忙的, 慢慢来. * Water went rushing through the lock gates. 水流经水闸时十分湍急. * The children rushed out of school. 孩子们飞快跑出学校. * Don't rush away/off -- I haven't finished. 别急着要走--我还没完呢. * People rushed to buy the shares. 人们抢着购买股票. * Ambulances rushed the injured to hospital. 救护车把受伤的人火速送到医院. * Relief supplies were rushed in. 救济品已急速送到. * Please rush me (ie send me immediately) your current catalogue. 请将你方现有目录尽速寄来为盼. 2 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sb) (into sth/doing sth) (cause sb to) act hastily （使某人）仓促行事: * regret rushed decisions 对贸然做出的决定感到懊悔 * rush into marriage 仓促结婚 * Don't rush me -- this needs thinking about. 别催我--这事得考虑考虑. * rush sb into signing a contract 催促某人匆匆签署合同. 3 [Tn] attack or capture (sb/sth) by a sudden assault 突袭（某人[某事物]）: * rush the enemy's positions, defences, etc 向敌人的阵地、 防御工事等突然发起进攻 * Fans rushed the stage after the concert. 音乐会结束後乐迷涌向舞台. 4 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (for sth) (infml 口) charge (a customer, etc) a high or exorbitant price 向（顾客等）索高价, 敲竹 : * How much did the garage rush you for those repairs? 汽车服务站敲了你多少修理费? 5 (idm 习语) run/rush sb off his feet => foot1. rush into `print publish sth without proper care or consideration 草率出版某物. 6 (phr v) rush sth out produce sth very quickly 匆促生产某物; 赶制某物: * Editors rushed out a piece on the crash for the late news. 编辑迅速将失事消息编入晚间新闻. rush sth through (sth) cause sth to become official policy, etc very quickly 使某事物很快通过成为官方政策rush1 /// * rush a bill through Parliament 使一项法案在议会中仓促通过.

rusk
[rQsk; rQsk] n type of biscuit or bread baked hard and crisp, esp one used for feeding babies 脆饼乾, 硬而脆的面包乾（尤指婴儿食用的）: * `teething rusks 婴儿出牙期磨牙的饼乾.

russet
[5rQsit; 5rQsit] adj soft reddish-brown （柔和的）赤褐色的: * russet autumn leaves 秋天赤褐色的叶子. 派生： russet n 1 [U] russet colour 柔和的赤褐色. 2 [C] type of rough-skinned apple of this colour 一种赤褐色的粗皮苹果.

Russian
[5rQFn; 5rQFEn] adj of Russia, its culture, its language or its people 俄罗斯的; 俄国的; 俄罗斯文化的; 俄语的; 俄罗斯人的; 俄国人的: * Russian folklore, dancing 俄罗斯民俗、 舞蹈. 派生： Russian n 1 [C] person from Russia or, loosely, the former Soviet Union 俄罗斯人; 俄国人; （泛指旧时的）苏联人. 2 [U] principal language of the former Soviet Union 俄罗斯语; 俄语. 复合： ,Russian rou`lette (a) act of bravado in which a person holds to his head a revolver of which one (unknown) chamber contains a bullet, and pulls the trigger 俄罗斯轮盘赌（逞能冒险举动, 用只装一发子弹 的左轮手枪对准自己头部扣动扳机）: play (at) Russian roulette 玩俄罗斯轮盘赌. (b) (fig 比喻) any action or situation involving serious and unpredictable risks 严重而不可预测的冒险行动或情况.

Russo-
comb form 构词成分 Russian; of Russia or, loosely, the former Soviet Union 俄罗斯的; 俄国的; 俄罗斯文化的; 俄语的; 俄罗斯人的; 俄国人的; （泛指旧时）苏联的: the Russo-Japanese war 日俄战争 * Russophiles, ie people who are friendly to Russia or impressed by Russian achievements 亲俄的人.

rust
[rQst; rQst] n [U] 1 reddish-brown coating formed on iron or steel by the action of water and air 铁: * badly corroded with rust 严重蚀的 * [attrib 作定语] rust patches 斑 * rust remover 除剂. 2 reddish-brown 赤褐（色）: * [attrib 作定语] rust colour 赤褐色.3 (fungus causing a) plant disease with rust-coloured spots 病（植物疾病, 呈现铁色斑点）; 菌. 派生： rust v [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p esp passive 尤用於被动语态] ~ (sth) (away/through) (cause sth to) be affected with rust （使某物）生; （使某植物）生病: Brass doesn't rust. 黄铜不生. * The hinges had rusted away, ie been destroyed by rust. 铰链坏了. * The underneath of the car was badly rusted. 汽车底部得很厉害. rusty adj (-ier, -iest) 1 affected with rust 生的; 蚀的; 生病的: rusty nails 生的钉子. 2 [esp pred 尤作表语] (fig 比喻) of a poor quality or standard through lack of practice （因缺乏实践）质量或标准下降; 荒疏: My German, tennis, singing is rather rusty. 我久未练习, 德语、 网球、 唱歌水平低了很多. rustily adv. rustiness n [U]. 复合： `rust-proof adj (of metal) treated to prevent rusting （指金属）经防处理的, 不的. v [Tn] treat (metal) this way 对（金属）作防处理.

rustic
[5rQstik; 5rQstik] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语]1 (approv 褒) typical of the country or country people 有农村或村民特色的: * rustic charm, peace, simplicity乡村的秀丽、 宁静、 简 * lead a rustic existence 过乡村生活. Cf 参看 rural. 2 rough and unrefined 粗野的; 不雅的: * rustic accents, manners 粗俗的腔调、 举止.3 made of rough timber or untrimmed branches 用粗糙的木材或树枝制作的: * a rustic bench, bridge, fence, etc 用粗糙木料制的长凳、 桥、 栅栏等. 派生： rustic n (esp derog 尤作贬义) peasant or yokel 乡巴佬儿: country rustics 乡下佬儿. rustically[-kli; -kli] adv. rusticity/rQ'stisEti; rQs'tisEti] n [U] being typical of the country in appearance or character 乡村的特点、 风格或气息.

rusticate
[5rQstikeit; 5rQsti7ket] v 1 [Tn] (Brit) send (a student) away from university temporarily, as a punishment 罚（大学生）暂时停学离校. 2 [I] (fml 文) settle in the country and lead a rural life 在农村定居. > rustication[7rQsti'keiFn; 7rQstE'keFEn] n [U].

rustle
[5rQsl; 5rQsl] v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] (cause sth to) make a dry light sound, esp by friction or rubbing together （使某物）发生轻而爽的声音（尤指摩擦或挤磨声）: * Her silk dress rustled as she moved. 她走起路来, 丝质的连衣裙 作响. * Leaves rustled gently in the breeze. 树叶迎着微风策策作响. * I wish people wouldn't rustle their programmes during the solos. 在独奏进行时,我希望人们不要把节目单翻得沙沙地响. 2 [Ipr, Ip] move along making such a sound 发着轻而爽的声音移动: * Did you hear something rustling through the bushes? 你听见有东西在灌木丛中 地移动吗? 3 [Tn] (US) steal (cattle or horses that are grazing in the wild) 偷盗（放牧中的牛或马）. 4 (phr v) rustle sth/sb up (infml 口) prepare or provide sth/sb, esp at short notice 准备, 提供, 张罗（尤指仓促间）: * I'll rustle up some eggs and bacon for you. 我给你弄些鸡蛋和腌猪肉. * I rustled up a few helpers to hand out leaflets. 我找到几个助手散发传单. 派生： rustle n [sing] rustling sound 轻而爽的声音: the rustle of banknotes, petticoats 钞票、 衬裙的 声. rustler[5rQslE(r); 5rQsll] n (US) cattle or horse thief 偷牛贼; 盗马贼. rustling[5rQsliN; 5rQsliN] n 1 [C, U] (instance of the) sound made by sth that rustles 轻而爽的声音: * mysterious rustlings at night 夜里神秘的瑟瑟声 * the rustling of dry leaves, sweet-papers 枯叶、 糖果纸的沙沙声. 2 [U] stealing of cattle or horses 偷牛; 偷马.

rut
1[rQt; rQt] n [C] 1 deep track made by a wheel or wheels in soft ground; furrow 车辙; 睱沟: * My bike bumped over the ruts. 我的自行车在凹凸不平的车辙道上颠颠簸簸. 2 (idm 习语) be (stuck) in a `rut have a fixed and boring way of life 囿於刻板而乏味的生活方式. get into/out of a `rut start/stop leading a routine existence 开始[不再]过刻板的生活: * It's time to get out of the 9 to 5 rut, ie of the normal working day. 应该摆脱开9点上班5点下班那种刻板的生活了. 派生： rut v (-tt-) [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] mark (sth) with ruts 在（某物）上形成车辙; 使（某物）留下凹痕: The lane was rutted with tyre tracks. 这小巷有车胎轧出的凹痕. * a deeply rutted road 留有很深车辙的路.

rutabaga
[7ru:tE'beigE; 7rutE'begE] n [C, U] (US) = swede.

ruthless
[5ru:Wlis; 5ruWlis] adj 1 having or showing no pity or compassion; cruel 无怜悯心或同情心的; 残忍的: * show ruthless disregard for other people's feelings 对别人的感情漠不关心 * a ruthless dictator 残酷的独裁者 * be utterly ruthless in one's determination to succeed 下决心争取成功对一切毫不留情. 2 never slackening or stopping; unremitting 决不松懈的; 永不停止的; 持久的: * set off at a ruthless pace 勇往直前 * ruthless schedules, demands 决不放松的时间安排、 要求. > ruthlessly adv: * be ruthlessly efficient 永远保持高效率. ruthlessness n [U]: * The terrorists' ruthlessness shocked the population. 恐怖分子极其残忍, 全体人民无不感到震惊.

rye
[rai; rai] n 1 [U] (grain of a) type of cereal plant used for making flour or as food for cattle 黑麦; 黑麦粒: * [attrib 作定语] rye bread 黑面包. =>illus at cereal 见cereal插图. 2 [C, U] (also rye whisky) (esp US) (glass of) whisky made from rye （一杯）黑麦威士忌酒.

SA
abbr 缩写 = 1 (religion 宗) Salvation Army. 2[7es 'ei;7es 'e] (infml 口) sex appeal. 3 South Africa.

Sabbatarian
[7sAbE'teEriEn; 7sAbE'teriEn] n Christian who believes that on the sabbath one should go to church and not work, take part in sports, etc 严守安息日的基督徒（认为安息日只应去做礼拜而不应工作、 参加体育运动等者）. > Sabbatarian adj [attrib 作定语]: * Sabbatarian beliefs, principles 严守安息日的教徒的信仰、 教义.

sabbath
[5sAbEW; 5sAbEW] n the sabbath [sing] day of the week intended for rest and worship of God (Saturday for Jews and Sunday for Christians) 安息日（犹太教为星期六, 基督教为星期日）: * keep/break the sabbath, ie (not) work or play on the sabbath 守[不守]安息日 * [attrib 作定语] the sabbath day 安息日.

sabbatical
[sE'bAtikl; sE'bAtikl] adj 1 [attrib 作定语] (of leave) given at intervals to academics for travel, study, etc （指假期）给大学教师的（用於旅行、 研究等）: * a sabbatical term, year, etc 大学教师的休假学期、 学年等. 2 (fml 文) of or like the sabbath （似）安息日的. 派生： sabbatical n [C, U] (period of) sabbatical leave （大学教师的）休假（期间）: a one-year sabbatical 为期一年的休假 * be on sabbatical 在休假.

sable
[5seibl; 5sebl] n 1 [C] small Arctic mammal, valued for its dark fur 紫貂; 黑貂. 2 [U] fur of this mammal 紫貂皮: * [attrib 作定语] a sable coat, stole, etc 紫貂皮大衣、 披肩等. > sable adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (fml 文) black; dark; gloomy 黑色的; 暗的; 阴暗的.

sabot
[5sAbEu; - sA'bEu; sA'bo] n shoe hollowed out of a single piece of wood, or having a wooden sole 木鞋（用整块木头挖成的）; 木底鞋.

sabotage
[5sAbEta:V; 5sAbE7taV] n [U] damage done secretly to prevent an enemy, a competitor, etc succeeding, esp by destroying his weapons or equipment and spoiling his plans 阴谋破坏（尤指摧毁对方武器或装备以及挫败对方计画等行为）: * Was the fire an accident or (an act of) sabotage? 这场大火是意外事故还是有人破坏? 派生： sabotage v [Tn] secretly damage, destroy or spoil (sth) 阴谋破坏（某事物）: sabotage a missile, a ship, an engine, etc 毁坏导弹、 船、 发动机等 * sabotage sb's plans, business 破坏某人的计画、 生意 * They tried to sabotage my party by getting drunk. 他们想藉耍酒疯来破坏我的宴会. saboteur[7sAbE'tE:(r); 7sAbE'tE] n person who commits sabotage 搞阴谋破坏的人.

sabra
[5sa:brE; 5sabrE] n (esp US) Israeli Jew born in Israel 在以色列出生的犹太人.

sabre
(US saber)[5seibE(r); 5sebl] n 1 heavy cavalry sword with a curved blade （骑兵用的弯刃的）军刀, 马刀. =>illus at sword 见sword插图. 2 light sword with a tapering blade, used in fencing (fence2) （击剑时用的）尖细的轻剑. Cf 参看 epee, foil3. 复合： `sabre-rattling n [U] attempts to frighten sb by threatening to attack or punish him 武力盛胁; 炫耀武力: Her speech is mere sabre-rattling, ie She will not carry out her threats. 她讲的话只不过是吓唬人而已. * [attrib 作定语] sabre-rattling tactics 武力威胁手段. ,sabre-toothed `tiger tiger, now extinct, having (usu two) sabre-like teeth 剑齿虎（已绝种）.

sac
[sAk; sAk] n bag-like part of an animal or plant （动植物组织中的）囊, 液囊.

saccharin
[5sAkErin; 5sAkErin] n [U] very sweet substance used as a substitute for sugar 糖精. 派生： saccharine[-ri:n; -7rin] adj (esp derog 尤作贬义) very sweet; too sweet 极甜的; 太甜的: * a saccharine taste 极甜的味道 * (fig 比喻) a saccharine smile 谄笑 * I found the film far too saccharine. 我觉得这部电影太缠绵了.

sacerdotal
[7sAsE'dEutl; 7sAsl'dotl] adj (fml 文) 1 of a priest or priests 牧师的; 神甫的; 司铎的. 2 (of a doctrine, etc) claiming supernatural powers for ordained priests （指教义等）认为神职人员有超自然力的. > sacerdotalism[-tElizEm; -tl7izEm] n [U].

sachet
[5sAFei; - sA'Fei; sA'Fe] n 1 sealed plastic or paper pack containing a small amount of a product （用以装少量物品的）封口的塑料袋或纸袋: * a sachet of sugar, sauce, shampoo, etc 一小袋食糖、 沙司、 洗发剂等. 2 small bag containing a sweet-smelling substance, placed among clothes, etc to scent them （置於衣物等中的）香囊, 香料袋.

sack
1[sAk; sAk] n 1 (contents of) any large bag of strong material used for storing and carrying eg cement, coal, flour, potatoes 大口袋（用以存放或装运水泥、 煤、 面粉、 马铃薯等的）; 大口袋所装之物: * The sack split and the rice poured out. 口袋裂开了, 大米撒出来了. 2 (US) (contents of) any bag （任何的）口袋（所盛之物）: * a sack of candies 一包糖果 * two sacks of groceries 两袋杂货. 3 (also `sack dress) short loose straight dress 布袋装（宽松直筒短装）. 4 (idm 习语) hit the hay/sack => hit1. 派生： sackful[-ful; -ful] n quantity held by a sack 一袋的量: * two sackfuls of flour 两袋面粉. sacking n [U] cloth, eg coarse flax or hemp, used for making sacks 做口袋用的布（如麻布）. 复合： `sackcloth n [U] 1 = sacking. 2 (idm 习语) ,sackcloth and `ashes signs of repentance or mourning 忏悔; 哀悼. `sack-race n race in which competitors put both legs in a sack and move forward by jumping 套袋赛跑（双腿套入袋内跳跃前进的竞赛）.

sacrament
[5sAkrEmEnt; 5sAkrEmEnt] n 1 [C] ritual act in the Roman Catholic, Anglican and other Christian Churches through which those who take part believe they receive a special grace from God 圣事; 圣礼: * the sacraments of baptism, confirmation, confession, etc 洗礼、 坚信礼、 告解. 2 the `sacrament [sing] (also the ,Blessed `Sacrament, the ,Holy `Sacrament) the consecrated bread and wine of the Eucharist; Holy Communion圣餐; 圣餐礼: * receive the sacrament 领圣餐. 派生： sacramental[7sAkrE'mentl; 7sAkrE'mentl] adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] of or connected with the sacraments圣餐的; 圣礼的: * sacramental wine 圣餐中的葡萄酒.

sacred
[5seikrid; 5sekrid] adj 1 connected with or dedicated to God or a god; connected with religion神圣的; 宗教的: * a sacred rite, place, image 宗教仪式、 圣地、 圣像 * a sacred building, eg a church, mosque, synagogue or temple 宗教建 物（如教堂、 回教寺、 犹太教会堂或寺庙） * sacred music, ie for use in religious services 圣乐（宗教仪式中用的音乐） * sacred writings, eg the Koran, the Bible 宗教经典（如古兰经、 圣经）. 2 ~ (to sb) regarded with great respect or reverence 受崇敬的; 不可冒犯的: * In India the cow is a sacred animal. 在印度, 牛是神圣的动物. * Her marriage is sacred to her. 她认为自己的婚姻至高无上. * (joc 谑) They've changed the time of the news is nothing sacred?把新闻时间改了--什麽都不当一回事了? 3 (fml 文) (of an obligation, etc) regarded as very important; solemn （指义务等）认为重要的, 庄严的: * a sacred promise, task 郑重的诺言、 重大的任务 * hold a promise sacred 信守诺言 * regard sth as a sacred duty 视某事为神圣的职责. 4 ~ to sb/sth (phrase seen on tombstones and monuments to the dead 用於墓碑及对死者的纪念碑上的词语) dedicated to sb/sth 献给某人[某事物]: * sacred to the memory of... 献给.... 5 (idm 习语) a sacred `cow an idea, institution, etc that many think should not be criticized神圣不可侵犯的思想、 机构、 制度等: * Let's not make a sacred cow of the monarchy. 咱们别把君主政体奉若神明. > sacredly adv. sacredness n [U].

sacrifice
[5sAkrifais; 5sAkrE7fais] n 1 ~ (to sb) (a) [U] offering of sth valuable, often a slaughtered animal, to a god 供奉; 献祭; 祭祀: * the sacrifice of an ox to Jupiter 用牛祭祀古罗马主神朱庇特. (b) [C] such an offering; thing offered in this way 供品; 祭品; 牺牲: * kill a sheep as a sacrifice 宰羊用作祭品. 2 (a) [U] giving up of sth, usu in return for sth more important or valuable 放弃某事物（通常指为获得更重要或更有价值的东西）: * Getting rich isn't worth the sacrifice of your principles.为致富而牺牲原则是不值得的. * He became a top sportsman at some sacrifice to himself, ie by training very hard, giving up many pleasures, etc. 他付出了一些代价才成为优秀运动员. (b) [C] thing given up in this way 牺牲的事物: * Her parents made many sacrifices so that she could go to university. 她父母为她上大学在多方面作了牺牲. 派生： sacrifice v 1 [Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ to sb; ~ sth (to sb) make a sacrifice(1) of (sth) to sb 供奉; 献祭; 祭祀: sacrifice to idols 供奉偶像 * sacrifice a lamb to the gods 以羊羔祭祀众神. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sb/sth) give up sth as a sacrifice(2) 牺牲某事物: She sacrificed her career to marry him. 她为了嫁给他牺牲了自己的事业. * The car's designers have sacrificed comfort to economy, ie have made the car less comfortable in order to sell it at a low price. 汽车设计人员为降低造价舍弃了汽车舒适方面的一些设想. * I'm not sacrificing my day off just to go shopping with Jane. 我可不愿意牺牲一天休假日单单陪简去买东西. sacrificial[7sAkri5fiFl; 7sAkrE'fiFEl] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of or like a sacrifice （似）供奉（品）的, 献祭（品）的, 祭祀（品）的, 牺牲（品）的. sacrificially[-FEli; -FEli] adv.

sacrilege
[5sAkrilidV; 5sAkrElidV] n [C usu sing, U 作可数名词时通常作单数, 亦作不可数名词] (act of) treating a sacred thing or place with disrespect 渎圣（亵渎圣物或圣地的行为）: * It is (a) sacrilege to steal a crucifix from an altar. 从圣坛窃取耶稣受难像是亵渎神灵的行为. * (fig 比喻) She regarded the damage done to the painting as sacrilege. 她认为毁坏了那幅画是大逆不道的事. > sacrilegious[7sAkri5lidVEs; 7sAkri5lidVEs] adv. sacrilegiously adv.

sacristan
[5sAkristEn; 5sAkristEn] n person who looks after the contents of a church and prepares the altar for services 圣器保管员.

sacristy
[5sAkristi; 5sAkristi] n room in a church where a priest puts on his vestments and where the vestments, candles, etc are kept （教堂的）圣器收藏室.

sacrosanct
[5sAkrEusANkt; 5sAkro7sANkt] adj (oftenironic 常作反语) considered too important to be changed, argued about, etc 神圣不可侵犯的: * You can't cut spending on defence that's sacrosanct! 国防开支可削减不得--那可是关天关地的事!

sad
[sAd; sAd] adj (-dder, -ddest) 1 showing or causing sorrow; unhappy 悲哀的; 忧愁的; 难过的: * a sad look, event, story 忧愁的表情、 伤心的事件、 悲惨的故事 * John is sad because his dog has died. 约翰因为自己的狗死了非常伤心. * I'm sad you're leaving. 你要走了, 我很难过. * It was a sad day for us all when the school closed down. 学校关闭那天, 我们都很悲痛. * Why is she looking so sad? 她为什麽愁容满面? 2 [attrib 作定语] worthy of blame or criticism; bad 该受责备或批评的; 坏的: * a sad state of affairs 很糟糕的情况 * a sad case of cruelty 非常残忍的事. 3 making one feel pity or regret 令人遗憾或惋惜的: * This once beautiful ship is in a sad condition now. 那麽漂亮的船现在成了这种样子了. 4 (idm 习语) ,sadder but `wiser having learnt sth important from a disappointing mistake or failure 从错误和失败吸取重要教训: * The divorce left him a sadder but a wiser man. 他离婚是吃一堑长一智. sad to say (used esp at the beginning of a sentence 尤用於句首) unfortunately 不幸的是: * Sad to say, she hasn't given us permission to do it. 不幸的是, 她没准许我们做这件事. 派生： sadden[5sAdn; 5sAdn] v [I, Tn] (cause sb to) become sad （使某人）悲哀, 忧愁: * He saddened at the memory of her death. 他想到她已死去就很难过. * Thebad news saddened us. 我们得知这个坏消息後非常伤心. sadly adv 1 in a sad manner 悲哀地; 忧愁地: She looked at him sadly. 她很难过地看着他. 2 regrettably 令人遗憾地; 惋惜地: a sadly neglected garden 荒废得很可惜的花园. 3 unfortunately 不幸地: Sadly, we have no more money. 我们可惜没有钱了. =>Usage at hopeful 用法见hopeful. sadness n 1 [U] being sad 悲哀; 忧伤. 2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] thing that makes one sad 令人悲哀或忧伤的事物: One of the many sadnesses in his life was that he never had children. 他一生中的一大憾事就是膝下犹虚.

saddle
[5sAdl; 5sAdl] n (a) seat, often of leather, for a rider on a horse, donkey, etc or on a bicycle or motor cycle 鞍; 鞍座; （自行车或摩托车的）车座. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xiii. (b) part of a horse's back on which this is placed 马背装鞍的部位. 2 ridge of high land rising to high points at each end 两峰间的凹下部分; 鞍状山脊. => illus at mountain 见mountain插图. 3 joint of meat from the back of an animal, together with part of the backbone and ribs （动物的）带脊骨和肋骨的大块肉: * a saddle of lamb, venison, beef, etc 羊脊肉、 鹿脊肉、 牛脊肉. 4 (idm 习语) in the `saddle (a) on horseback 骑着马: * spend hours in the saddle 骑马数小时. (b) (fig 比喻) in a position of control 处於控制地位: * The director hopes to remain in the saddle (ie in his job) for a few more years. 该董事希望再多留任几年. 派生： saddle v 1 [Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ up; ~ sth (up) put a saddle on (a horse) 给（马）装鞍: saddle up and ride off 套上鞍骑走 * saddle one's pony (up) 给小马套上鞍. 2 (phr v) saddle sb with sth give sb an unwelcome responsibility, task, etc 让某人承担使人厌恶的责任、 任务等: I've been saddled with the job of organizing the conference. 组织会议这件倒霉事交给我了. * The boss saddled her with all the most difficult customers. 老板把那些最难应付的顾客全推给她了. saddler[5sAdlE(r); 5sAdll] n maker of saddles and leather goods for horses 鞍匠; 马具师. saddlery/ 5sAdlErI; `sAdlErI/ n 1 [U] (a) goods made or sold by a saddler 马具. (b) the art of making these 马具制造术. 2 [C] saddler's business 马具业. 复合： `saddle-bag n 1 either of a pair of bags laid over the back of a horse or donkey 马褡子; 驴褡子. 2 bag attached to the back of a bicycle saddle （自行车後座上的）挂包. `saddle-sore adj (of a rider) sore and stiff after riding （指骑马人）（骑马後）疼痛并发僵的.

saddle1
`saddle stitching long running-stitch made with thick thread, used decoratively 鞍形针迹.

sadhu
[5sa:du:; 5sadu] n Hindu holy man who lives an ascetic life 衣食简 的印度教圣人.

sadism
[5seidizEm; 5sedizEm] n [U] (a) enjoyment of watching or inflicting cruelty 施虐狂: * sadism in the treatment of prisoners 从虐待囚犯中得到的乐趣. (b) getting sexual pleasure from this 性施虐狂. Cf 参看 masochism. 派生： sadist[5seidist; 5sedist] person who practises sadism 有施虐狂的人; 有性欲施虐狂的人. sadistic/sE'distik; sE'distik] adj of or showing sadism 有施虐狂的; 表现性欲施虐的: * sadistic laughter 施虐狂般的笑声 * a sadisticteacher 以虐待学生为乐的教师. sadistically[-kli; -kli] adv.

sado
masochism

sae
[7es ei 'i:; 7es e 'i] abbr 缩写 = stamped addressed envelope 贴有邮票并写好地址的信封: * enclose sae for reply 附贴有邮票并写明地址的信封以便作覆.

safari
[sE'fa:ri; sE'fari] n (pl -ris) [U, C] 1 hunting expedition or overland journey, esp in E or Central Africa 游猎, 陆路旅行（尤指在东非或中非）: * on safari 在东非游猎 * return from (a) safari 中非陆路旅行归来. 2 similar expedition organized as a holiday tour 类似游猎的假日旅行. 复合： safari park park where wild animals are kept in the open for visitors to see from their cars as they drive around （可开车四处观赏的）野生动物园. sa`fari suit casual suit in linen or a similar fabric 游猎便装.

safe
1[seif; sef] adj ( -r, -st) 1 [pred 作表语] ~ (from sth/sb) protected from danger and harm; secure 安全; 平安; 无危险: * You'll be safe here. 你在这里很安全. * safe from attack/attackers 免受攻击[他人攻击]. 2 [pred 作表语] not or unlikely to be damaged, hurt, lost, etc 不会或不致受到损害、 伤害、 损失等: * The missing child was found safe and well. 失踪的孩子已经找到, 平安无事. * She got back safe from her adventure. 她有惊无险已安全返回. * The plane crashed but the crew are safe. 那架飞机失事了, 但机组人员都安然无恙. * Will the car be safe outside? 汽车停在外面安全吗? * Your secret is safe with me, ie I will not tell it to anyone. 我一定给你保密. 3 not likely to cause or lead to damage, injury, loss, etc 不致引起或导致损害、 损伤、 损失等的: * a safe car, speed, road 安全的汽车、 速度、 道路 * safer methods of testing drugs 检验药物的更可靠的方法 * Is that ladder safe? 那梯子结实吗? * It's not safe to go out at night. 夜晚出门不安全. * Are the toys safe for small children? 小孩儿玩儿这样的玩具有危险吗? * a safe investment, ie that will not lose money 无风险的投资 * Put it in a safe place, ie where it will not be stolen, lost, etc. 把它放在安全的地方. 4 (a) [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of a person) unlikely to do dangerous things; cautious （指人）不冒险的, 小心的: * a safe driver, worker, goalkeeper 谨慎的驾驶员、 工人、 守门员. (b) (often derog 常作贬义) showing a cautious attitude 谨小慎微的: * a safe choice 过於小心的选择 * They appointed a safe person as the new manager, eg one unlikely to make changes, offend people, etc. 他们任命了一个谨小慎微的人担任新经理. 5 (idm 习语) better safe than sorry => better2 . for safe `keeping to be kept safely, protected, etc 妥善保管、 保护等: * Before the game I gave my watch to my wife for safe keeping. 我在比赛前把手表交妻子保管. in (sb's) safe `keeping being kept safely, protected, etc

safe1
(by sb) 由（某人）保管、 保护等: * Can I leave the children in your safe keeping? 我把孩子交给你看管行吗? on the `safe side taking no risks 为慎重起见; 以防万一: * Although the sun was shining, I took an umbrella (just) to be on the safe side. 虽然有太阳, 但我仍带了雨伞以防万一. play (it) `safe carefully avoid risks 小心避开危险; 稳重行事: * The bus might be early, so we'd better play safe and leave now. 公共汽车可能早到, 因此我们得稳妥点, 现在就动身. ,safe and `sound unharmed 平安无事: * The rescuers brought the climbers back safe and sound. 救援人员把登山的人都平安地救了回来. (as) safe as `houses very safe 非常安全: * If you fix the brakes the car will be as safe as houses. 把制动器修好, 汽车就非常安全了. a safe bet thing that is certain to be successful 肯定成功的事情: * I'm wearing black for the party it's always a safe bet. 我穿黑色礼服参加聚会--万无一失. > safely adv. safeness n [U]: * a feeling of safeness 安全感. 复合： ,safe `conduct (document granting) freedom from the danger of attack, arrest, etc when passing through an area 安全通行权; 安全通行证: The robbers wanted safe conduct to the airport for themselves and their hostages. 劫匪要求保证他们自己以及他们劫持的人质去机场的安全. `safe deposit (US ,safe de`posit) building containingstrong-rooms and safes which people may rent separatelyfor storing valuables 贵重物品保管处（其保险箱可供人租用）. safe-deposit box small safe in such a building （贵重物品保管处的）保险箱. `safe house house used by criminals, secret agents, etc, where sb can be kept without being discovered or disturbed 罪犯、 特务等用来藏匿人的房子. the `safe period time just before and during a woman's period when sexual intercourse is unlikely to make her pregnant 安全期（妇女受孕可能性极小的时期）. ,safe `seat (Brit) Parliamentary seat which a candidate for a particular party cannot lose 保险席位（一政党候选人肯定可以得到的国会议席）.

safeguard
[5seifga:d; 5sef7gard] n ~ (against sb/sth) thing that serves as a protection from harm, risk or danger 安全设施; 保护性措施: * We make copies of our computer disks as a safeguard against accidents. 我们复制了计算机磁盘以防意外. * We will introduce legal safeguards against fraud. 我们为制止诈骗活动要采取法律保护措施. 派生： safeguard v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (against sb/sth) protect or guard sb/sth 保护或保卫某人[某事物]: We have found a way of safeguarding our money. 我们已有了保护钱财的办法. * a high fence that safeguards (the house) against intruders 防止外人擅入（房子）的高栅栏 * new ways of safeguarding personal data, ie so that it will remain private 保护私人资料的新方法.

safety
[5seifti; 5sefti] n [U] 1 being safe; not being dangerous or in danger 安全; 平安: * I'm worried about the safety of the children, ie I'm afraid something may happen to them. 我为孩子们的安全担心. * I'm worried about the safety of the product, ie I'm afraid it may be dangerous. 我担心使用这种产品是否安全. * We reached the safety of the river bank, ie a place where we would be safe. 我们到了河岸的安全地带. * We're keeping you here for your own safety. 我们让你呆在这里是为了你自身的安全. * road safety, ie stopping accidentson the roads 道路安全 * [attrib 作定语] safety precautions安全保护措施 * a safety harness, bolt 安全带、 保险螺栓. 2 (idm 习语) ,safety `first (saying 谚) safety is the most important thing 安全第一. there's ,safety in `numbers (saying 谚) being in a group makes one feel more confident 人多势众: * We decided to go to see the boss together; there's safety in numbers. 我们决定一起去找老板, 人多胆壮. 复合： `safety-belt n 1 = seat-belt (seat). 2 strap securing a person, eg sb working on a high building 安全带（如高空作业用的）. `safety-catch n device that prevents the dangerous or accidental operation of a machine, etc, esp one that stops a gun being fired accidentally 安全制动装置; （尤指枪炮上的）保险栓: Is the safety-catch on? 保险栓拉上了吗? `safety curtain fireproof curtain that can be lowered between the stage and the auditorium of a theatre （剧院舞台与观众席之间可降落的）防火幕. `safety glass glass that does not shatter or splinter when broken 安全玻璃（不易破碎或破碎时不易散落的）. `safety island (also `safety zone) (US) = traffic island (traffic). `safety lamp miner's lamp in which the flame is protected so that it will not ignite dangerous gases （矿工的）安全灯. `safety match match that will only ignite when rubbed against a special surface, eg on the side of the matchbox 安全火柴.

safety1
`safety net 1 net placed to catch an acrobat, etc if he should fall （杂技演员等用的）安全网. 2 (fig 比喻) arrangement that helps to prevent disaster if sth goes wrong 安全保障措施: If I lose my job, I've got no safety net. 我丢掉这份工作就无计可施了. `safety-pin n pin like a brooch, with the point bent back towards the head and covered by a guard when closed 别针. `safety razor razor with a guard to prevent the blade cutting the skin 安全剃刀; 保险刀. `safety-valve n 1 valve that releases pressure in a steam boiler, etc when it becomes too great 安全阀. => illus at pan 见pan插图. 2 (fig 比喻) way of releasing feelings of anger, resentment, etc harmlessly （无害地）发泄怒气、 怨恨等的方式: My hobby is a good safety-valve for the tension that builds up at work. 我用业馀爱好来消除工作中产生的紧张情绪.

saffron
[5sAfrEn; 5sAfrEn] n [U] (colour of the) bright orange strands obtained from the flowers of the autumn crocus, used in cooking 藏红花的橘黄色色丝（用於烹饪）; 橘黄色. > saffron adj: * saffron robes 橘黄色长袍.

sag
[sAg; sAg] v (-gg-) [I] 1 sink or curve down in the middle under weight or pressure （因负重或受压）向下凹或中间下陷: * a sagging roof 下陷的屋顶 * The tent began to sag as the canvas became wet. 帐篷因帆布湿了中间有些下坠. 2 hang loosely or unevenly 松弛或不整齐地悬着: * old torn curtains sagging at one end 垂在一端的破旧窗 * Your skin starts to sag as you get older. 人一老皮肤就松弛了. 派生： sag n [U, sing] extent to which sth sags; sagging 下陷或松弛的程度; 下陷或松弛: too much sag in the mattress 床垫过於松弛 * a sag in the seat of the chair 椅子座位部分的凹陷.

saga
[5sa:gE; 5sagE] n 1 long story of heroic deeds, esp of Icelandic or Norwegian heroes 长篇英雄故事, 萨迦（尤指冰岛或挪威的英雄的）. 2 story of a long series of events or adventures, esp one involving several generations of people （情节曲折或惊险的）长篇故事（尤指家世小说）: * The Forsyte Saga 《福赛特世家》 * His biography is a saga of scientific research. 他的传记就是一部科研记实. * (joc 谑) the latest episode in her house-hunting saga 在她寻找住房漫长过程中最近发生的新鲜事.

sagacious
[sE'geiFEs; sE'geFEs] adj (fml 文) showing wisdom and good judgement 睿智的; 精明的; 有判断力的: * a sagacious person, remark, decision 精明的人、 精辟的论断、 英明的决定. 派生： sagaciously adv. sagacity/sE'gAsEti; sE'gAsEti] n [U] (fml 文) quality of being sagacious; wisdom and good judgement 睿智; 精明; 精确的判断: * Sagacity, unlike cleverness, may increase with age. 睿智与聪明不同, 前者可与年龄俱增.

sage
1[seidV; sedV] n (fml 文) very wise man 圣人; 贤哲; 智者: * consult the sages of the tribe 向部落的智者求教. 派生： sage adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (fml often ironic 文, 常作反语) wise or wise-looking 贤明的; 貌似聪明的: a sage judge, priest, ruler, etc 贤明的法官、 牧师、 统治者等 * in the sage opinion of experienced journalists 根据有经验记者的高见. sagely adv.

Sagittarius
[7sAdVi'teEriEs; 7sAdVi'teriEs] n 1 [U] the ninth sign of the zodiac, the Archer 人马宫（黄道第九宫）. 2 [C] person born under the influence of this sign 属人马宫星座的人. =>illus at zodiac 见zodiac插图. 派生： Sagittarian[-'teEriEn; -'teriEn] n, adj. => Usage at zodiac 用法见zodiac.

sago
[5seigEu; 5sego] n [U] starchy food in the form of hard white grains, used in puddings, obtained from the pith of a type of palm-tree (the sago-palm) 西米, 西谷米（用棕榈茎髓制的白色硬粒状的淀粉质食物）.

sahib
[sa:b, 'sa:ib; 5saib] n (often used in India, formerly, to address or refer to a) male European, usu with some social or official status （常用於印度, 旧时用作对欧洲男子直接或间接的称呼）老爷（通常用以指有社会地位或官职者）.

said
[sed; sed] 1 pt, pp of say. 2 adj [attrib 作定语] (fml 文) = aforementioned.

sail
1[seil; sel] n 1 (a) [C] (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) sheet of canvas spread to catch the wind and drive a ship or boat along 帆: * hoist/lower the sails 扬[下]帆 * the `foresail 前桅帆 * the `mainsail 主帆. (b) [U] sails; propulsion by means of sails 帆（总称）; （扬帆）航行: * put on more sail 多扯起些帆 * take in sail 收回些帆 * the age of sail, ie when ships all used sails 帆船时代. 2 [sing] (a) voyage or excursion on water for pleasure 航行游览: * go for a sail 乘船游玩. (b) voyage of a specified length 航程: * a three-day sail to get to Brest 到布雷斯特的叁天航程 * How many days' sail is it from Hull to Oslo? 从赫尔到奥斯陆有几天的航程? 3 [C] (pl unchanged 复数不变) (nautical 海) ship 船: * a fleet of twenty sail 有二十艘船的船队 * There wasn't a sail in sight. 一条船也看不见. 4 [C] set of slats attached to the arm of a windmill to catch the wind 风车的翼板. =>illus at windmill 见windmill插图. 5 (idm 习语) crowdon sail =>crowd2. in full sail => full. set sail (from/to/for...) begin a voyage 起航: * We set sail (for France) at high tide. 我们在涨潮时起航（去法国）. take the wind out of sb's sails => wind1. under `sail (moving) with sails spread 扬着帆（行进）: * The yacht wasn't under sail because the wind wasn't strong enough. 风不够大, 赛艇未能扬起风帆. 复合： `sailboat n (US) boat driven by sails 帆船. `sailcloth n [U] canvas for sails 帆布.

sailor
[5seilE(r); 5sell] n 1 member of a ship's crew, esp one below the rank of officer; seaman 海员; 水手. 2 (idm 习语) a good/bad `sailor person who seldom/often becomes seasick in rough weather （风浪大时）不大[常易]晕船的人. 复合： `sailor hat straw hat with a flat top and straight brim 平顶直边草帽. `sailor suit suit for a child made in the style of a sailor's uniform （儿童的）水手装.

saint
[ seInt or, in British use, before names, 用於姓名前, 英式英语读作 snt; sent] n 1 (a) (abbr 缩写 St, esp before the names of places, churches, etc 尤用於地名、 教堂名称等专名之前) person who has been declared by the Christian Church to have deserved veneration through holy living, performing miracles, etc （基督教会宣布的）圣徒: * the gospel of St John 圣约翰所记载的福音 * St Andrew's Road 圣安德鲁路. (b) holy person 圣人. 2 (usu pl 通常作复数) person who has died and is in heaven 死亡後已在天国的人; 死者: * in the company of the saints 已死亡. 3 unselfish or patient person 无私的人; 有耐心的人: * You must be a saint to be able to stand his temper! 能受得了他的脾气, 一定得非常有涵养! 派生： sainted adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (dated or joc旧或谑) declared to be or regarded as a saint 被宣布为圣徒的; 被视为圣人的: My sainted aunt! ie as an exclamation expressing surprise. 我的妈呀! （表示惊讶的用语）. sainthood n [U]. saintly adj ( -ier, -iest) of or like a saint; very holy or good （似）圣徒的; （似）圣人的; 神圣的; 崇高的: a saintly way of life 圣洁的生活方式 * a saintly expression on her face 她面部圣徒般慈祥的表情. saintliness n [U]. 复合： `saint's day day of the year when a saint is celebrated, and on which (in some countries) people who are named after that saint also have celebrations 圣徒纪念日（纪念某一圣徒者, 有些国家亦同时庆祝以该圣徒之名命名的人）.

sake
1[seik; sek] n (idm 习语) for God's, goodness', Heaven's, pity's, etc sake (used as an interjection before or after a command or request, or to express irritation 用作感叹语, 可置於表示命令或要求的词语之前或之後, 或表示恼怒): * For God's sake, stop that whining! 看在上帝面上, 别号叫了! * For goodness' sake! How can you be so stupid? 天哪! 你怎麽这麽笨哪? for old times' sake =>old. for the sake of argument as the basis of a discussion 为便於讨论: * Let's assume, for the sake of argument, that inflation will remain at 5% per year for two years. 为便於讨论, 咱们先假设通货膨胀率连续两年均为5%. for the sake of sb/sth; for sb's/sth's sake in order to help sb/sth or because one likes sb/sth 为了某人[某事物]（起见）: * do sth for the sake of one's family 为家庭做某事 * I'll help you for your sister's sake, eg because I want to save her trouble. 看在你姐姐面上, 我来帮你. for the sake of sth/doing sth in order to get or keep sth 为获得或保持某事物: * We made concessions for the sake of peace. 为了和平我们做出了让步. * She argues for the sake of arguing, ie because she likes arguing. 她因为好辩而与人争论. * Let's not spoil the job for the sake of a few pounds. 咱们不要为了几英镑而把工作弄糟.

sal volatile
[7sAl vE'lAtEli; 7sAl vE'lAtl7i] n [U] sharp-smelling solution of ammonium carbonate given to sb to sniff if he is faint or unconscious; smelling-salts 碳酸铵水; 挥发盐; 嗅盐.

salaam
[sE'la:m; sE'lam] n, interj 1 Muslim greeting used in the East 东方的回教问候语. 2 low bow with the right hand touching the forehead 额手鞠躬礼（右手触额深鞠躬）. 派生： salaam v [I, Ipr] make a salaam 行额手鞠躬礼: salaam to sb 向某人行额手鞠躬礼.

salable
(also saleable)[5seilEbl; 5selEbl] adj fit for sale; that sb will want to buy 适於销售的; 有销路的: * not in a saleable condition 不适於销售 * The houses are highly salable. 这些房子销路很好.

salacious
[sE'leiFEs; sE'leFEs] adj (derog 贬) (of speech, books, pictures, etc) treating sexual activity, nudity, etc in an obscene way; indecent; lewd （指言语、 书籍、 图画等）猥亵的, 淫秽的. > salaciously adv.salaciousness n [U]. salacity/sE'lAsEti; sE'lAsEti] n [U] (fml 文).

salad
[5sAlEd; 5sAlEd] n 1 (a) [C, U] (dish of) chopped, usu raw, vegetables such as lettuce, tomatoes, cucumber, often seasoned with oil, vinegar, etc 色拉; （一盘）凉拌生菜: * prepare/mix a salad 调配[调拌]色拉 * cold beef and salad 牛肉和生菜冷盘 * [attrib 作定语] a salad bowl, shaker, etc 色拉碗、 搅拌器等. (b) [C, U] (dish of a) specified food served with salad （一盘）有色拉的凉拌食品: * a/some chicken, ham, lobster, etc salad 一盘[一些]凉拌鸡肉、 火腿、 龙虾等色拉. 2 [U] lettuce, endive or other green vegetable suitable for eating raw 生菜（适於生吃的）. =>illus 见插图. 3 (idm 习语) one's `salad days time when one is young and inexperienced 少不更事的时期: * I was in my salad days then, and fell in love easily. 我那时年纪轻、 涉世未深, 极易堕入情网. 复合： `salad cream type of mayonnaise, usu sold in jars 色拉酱（通常瓶装出售）. `salad-dressing n [U] sauce usu made of oil, vinegar and herbs for putting on salad 色拉调味汁（通常为油、 醋、 香草之混合物）. `salad-oil n [U] oil used for salad-dressing 色拉油.

salamander
[5sAlEmAndE(r); 5sAlE7mAndl] n lizard-like animal living on land and in water, once thought to be capable of living in fire 火蜥蜴（两栖类动物, 曾认为能生活於火中）.

salami
[sE'la:mi; sE'lami] n [U] sausage salted and flavoured with spices, usu eaten cold 萨拉米香肠（通常冷食）.

salary
[5sAlEri; 5sAlEri] n fixed regular (usu monthly) payment to employees doing other than manual or mechanical work （非体力劳动雇员的）薪金, 薪水（通常按月计）: * a salary of 12000 a year 12000英镑的年薪 * Has your salary been paid yet? 你发薪了吗? * Should doctors' salaries be higher? 医生的薪水应该高些吗? * [attrib 作定语] a salary agreement, scale, cheque 薪金协议、 级别、 支票. =>Usage at income 用法见income. 派生： salaried adj receiving a salary; (of employment) paid for by means of a salary 领薪水的; （指职业）付给薪水的: a salaried employee, post 有薪的雇员、 职务.

sale
[seil; sel] n 1 [U] selling or being sold 卖; 出售; 销售: * the sale of cars, clothes, machinery 汽车、 服装、 机器的销售 * The money was raised by the sale of raffle tickets. 这笔款是通过出售购物彩券筹集的. 2 (a) [C] act of selling sth 卖; 出售; 销售: * I haven't made a sale all week. 我整个星期没有卖出东西. * She gets 10 commission on each sale. 她每出售一批货可得10英镑的佣金. (b) sales [pl] amount sold 销售额; 销售量: * vast sales of ice-cream in the hot weather 天热时冰激凌的巨大销量 * Sales are up (ie More goods have been sold) this month. 本月销售量增加. 3 [C] (in a shop, etc) occasion when goods are sold at lower prices than usual （商店等的）廉售, 贱卖: * hold an end-of-season sale 举办季末大减价 * the January sales, ie when many shops reduce their prices 元月大减价 * buy goods at/in the sales 减价期间购物 * [attrib 作定语] sale prices, goods, etc 廉价、 廉价货. 4 [U, sing] desire to buy goods; demand 销路; 市场需求: * There's always a ready sale for high-quality furniture. 高档家具总是很畅销. * They found no sale for their goods, ie could not sell them. 他们的商品没有销路. 5 [C] auction 拍卖. 6 (idm 习语) for sale intended to be sold (usu by or on behalf of the owners) 待售（通常由物主或代理人经手）: * I'm sorry this painting's not for sale. 很抱歉, 这幅画是非卖品. * She has put her house up for sale. 她的房子现在出售. on sale (a) (esp of goods in shops, etc) available to be bought （尤指商店等的货物）出售, 上市: * on sale at your local post office 在你们当地邮局出售 * The new model is not on sale in the shops. 这种新款式商店尚未上市. (b) (US) being offered at a reduced price 廉价出售. (on) ,sale or re`turn (of goods) supplied to a retailer, who can send back without paying for them any items that he does not sell （指货物）批发给零售商, 卖不掉可 退还批发商. > saleable adj = salable.

sale1
复合： ,sale of `work sale of items, eg cakes or knitting, made by members of a church, club, etc for charity 教会、 俱乐部等为慈善事业所做物品（如糕点、针织品）的义卖. `sale-room (US `salesroom) n room where goods are sold by public auction 拍卖处. `salesclerk n (US) = shop-assistant (shop). `sales department department of a firm concerned with selling its products 营业部. `salesman[-mEn; -mEn] , `saleswoman, `saleslady, `salesperson ns person whose job it is to sell goods, eg in a shop or in people's homes 售货员; 推销员. `salesmanship n [U] skill in selling goods 推销术; 销售技巧. `sales slip (US) receipt recording a sale 售货单; 售货收据. `sales talk talk aimed at persuading sb to buy sth 推销货物的说辞. `sales tax tax paid by a customer who buys retail goods 销售税（由购买零售商品的顾客所付者）. Cf 参看 purchase tax (purchase1).

salient
[5seiliEnt; 5seliEnt] adj [attrib 作定语] 1 most noticeable or important; main 显着的; 重要的; 主要的: * the salient points of a speech 讲话的要点 * She pointed out all the salient features of the building. 她指出了该建 物的全部显着特徵. 2 (of an angle) pointing outwards （指角）凸出的. 派生： salient n 1 salient angle 凸角. 2 (military 军) bulge in a military line of attack or defence 进攻或防卫阵地的突出部分.

saline
[5seilain; - -li:n; 5selin] adj [attrib 作定语] (fml 文) containing salt; salty 含盐的; 咸的: * a saline lake 盐湖 * saline springs 盐泉 * saline solution, eg as used for gargling, storing contact lenses, etc 盐溶液（如用於漱喉、 存放隐形眼镜等）. 派生： saline n [U] (medical 医) solution of salt and water 盐水. salinity/sE'linEti; sE'linEti] n [U] the high salinity of sea water 海水的高含盐量.

saliva
[sE'laivE; se'laivE] (also slaver) n [U] liquid produced in the mouth that helps one chew and digest food; spittle 唾液; 口水. 派生： salivary[5sAlivEri, sE'laivEri; - 'sAlEveri; 5sAlE7veri] adj [attrib 作定语] of or producing saliva 唾液的; 分泌唾液的: * the `salivary glands 唾液腺. salivate[5sAliveit; 5sAlE7vet] v [I] (fml 文) produce saliva, esp excessively 分泌唾液（尤指大量地）: * A dog salivates when it sees a bone. 狗见到骨头就大量分泌唾液. salivation[7sAli'veiFn; 7sAlE'veFEn] n [U].

sallow
1[5sAlEu; 5sAlo] adj (-er, -est) (of a person's skin or complexion) yellowish （指人的皮肤或面色）蜡黄色的. > sallowness n [U].

sally
[5sAli; 5sAli] n 1 (a) sudden attack, esp by troops surrounded by the enemy 出击; （尤指）突围: * make a successful sally 进行突围成功. (b) (joc 谑) quick journey 短途旅行: * a brief sally to the shops 逛逛商店. 2 lively or witty, usu good-humoured, remark 俏皮话. 派生： sally v (pt, pp sallied) (phr v) sally out/forth (fml 文) (a) emerge suddenly, usu from a place where one is surrounded, to attack an enemy 出击; 突围: sally out against the besiegers 向包围的敌人出击. (b) (joc 谑) set out somewhere or to do sth 出发; 着手做某事: Party workers sallied forth in a drive to find new members. 党的工作人员发起了纳新运动.

salmon
[5sAmEn; 5sAmEn] n (pl unchanged 复数不变) 1 (a) [C] large fish with pinkish flesh, sometimes fished for with rod and line as a sport ; 大马哈鱼. (b) [U] its flesh as food 食用的 肉; 大马哈鱼肉: * smoked salmon 熏制的大马哈鱼 * [attrib 作定语] a salmon salad, mousse, etc 肉色拉、 奶油冻等. 2 [U] the colour of its flesh; orange-pink 肉色; 橙红色. 复合： ,salmon-`pink adj orange-pink, the colour of the salmon's flesh 橙红色的; 肉色的. ,salmon-`trout n trout resembling a salmon 欧鳟; 马苏大马哈鱼.

salmonella
[7sAlmE'nelE; 7sAlmE'nelE] n [U] type of bacteria causing food poisoning 沙门氏菌: * [attrib 作定语] salmonella poisoning 沙门氏菌中毒.

salon
[5sAlCn; - sE'lCn; sE'lan] n 1 place where customers go to see a hairdresser, beauty consultant, etc （营业性质的）店, 厅, 院: * a `beauty salon 美容院* a `hairdressing salon 美发厅. 2 (formerly) regular gathering of notable guests at the house of a lady of high society; room used for this 沙龙（旧时知名人士在上流社会女主人家的例行聚会或聚会场所）: * a literary salon, ie with writers and critics as guests 文学沙龙.

saloon
[sE'lu:n; sE'lun] n 1 public room on a ship, in a hotel, etc （轮船、 旅馆等的）大厅, 交谊厅: * the ship's dining-saloon 轮船的餐厅. 2 public room or building for a specified purpose 有某用途的公共大厅或建 物: * a `billiard/`dancing saloon 台球室[舞厅]. 3 (US) place where alcoholic drinks may be bought and drunk; bar 酒店; 酒吧间. 4 (also sa`loon-car) (Brit) (US sedan) motor car where the area for the driver and passengers is closed off from the luggage and engine areas 轿车. =>illus at car 见car插图. 复合： sa`loon bar = lounge bar (lounge).

salsify
[5sAlsifi; 5sAlsEfi] n [U] plant with a long fleshy root cooked as a vegetable 蒜叶婆罗门参, 牡蛎草, 蔬菜牡蛎（根长而肉厚, 可作蔬菜）.

salt
[sC:lt; sClt] n 1 [U] (also common salt) common white substance obtained from mines, present in sea water (from which it is obtained by evaporation), used esp for flavouring and preserving food; sodium chloride 盐; 食盐; 氯化钠: * a grain of salt 一粒盐 * too much salt in the soup 汤里盐太多 * `table salt, ie powdered so that it can be sprinkled on food 餐桌食盐 * `sea salt 海盐. 2 [C] chemical compound of a metal and an acid （化学）盐. 3 salts [pl] substance like salt in taste, form, etc, esp such a substance used as a laxative 味道、 外观等像盐的物质; （尤指）泻盐: * a dose of (Epsom) salts 一剂泻盐 * `bath salts, ie used to scent bath water 浴盐（用以使洗澡水芳香者）. 4 [C] (dated infml 旧, 口) experienced sailor 有经验的水手: * an old salt 老水手. 5 [U] (fig 比喻) thing that makes sth more interesting, lively, etc 增添趣味或活跃气氛的事物: * Her humour adds salt to her conversation. 她很幽默, 谈起话来妙趣横生. Cf 参看 spice 2. (idm 习语) like a dose of salts => dose. rub salt into the wound/sb's wounds => rub1. the salt of the `earth very decent, honest, etc person or people 非常正派、 诚实等的人: * You can trust her: * she's the salt of the earth. 你可以信任她, 她这人很诚实. take sth with a pinch of salt => pinch n. worth one's salt => worth. 派生： salt v 1 [Tn] put salt on or in (food) to season it 在（食物）中加盐. 2 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (down) preserve (food) with salt 用盐腌（食物）: salt (down) pork 腌猪肉 * salted beef 腌制的牛肉. 3 [Tn] sprinkle salt on (roads, etc) to melt ice or snow 将盐撒在（路等）上使冰或雪融化. 4 [Tn] make (a mine) seem rich by putting ore into it, usu so as to trick sb who wants to buy it 将矿石投入（矿区）使矿样显得有价值（通常为欺骗买矿人）. 5 (phr v) salt sth away save (money, etc) secretly and usu dishonestly 私下并且通常指不正当地积蓄（钱等）: She salted away most of the profit from the business. 她把做生意赚的利润大部分都私自蓄存起来了.

salt1
salt adj [attrib 作定语] containing, tasting of or preserved with salt 含盐的; 咸的; 腌的: salt beef, pork, etc 腌牛肉、 猪肉等 * salt water 咸水 * salt marshes 盐沼 * the `salt flats of Utah 犹他州的盐地. salty adj (-ier, -iest) 1 containing or tasting of salt 含盐的; 咸的. 2 (fig 比喻) (of wit, speech, etc) vigorous, vivid, etc （指才智、 言语等）活泼的, 生动的: her salty humour 她那机智的幽默话. saltiness n [U]. 复合： `salt-cellar (US `salt-shaker) n small container for salt at the table, either open or enclosed with a hole or holes at the top for sprinkling （餐桌上用的）小盐瓶. Cf 参看 pepper-pot (pepper). `salt-lick (also lick) n place where animals go to lick salty rock or earth 动物舐食天然岩盐或咸土的地方. `salt-mine n mine from which salt is obtained 盐矿. `salt-pan (also pan) n hollow near the sea where salt is obtained by evaporation 盐田. `salt-water adj [attrib 作定语] of the sea 海的; 咸水的: a salt-water fish 咸水鱼. Cf 参看 freshwater (fresh).

saltpetre
(US -peter)[sC:lt'pi:tE(r); 5sClt'pitl] n [U] salty white powder used in making gunpowder, for preserving food and as medicine 硝酸钾; 硝石.

salubrious
[sE'lu:briEs; sE'lubriEs] adj (fml 文) (esp of the climate) health-giving （尤指气候）有益健康的: * the salubrious mountain air 有益健康的山间空气. > salubriousness n [U].

salutary
[5sAljutri; - -teri; 5sAlju7teri] adj having a good effect 有益的: * salutary exercise, advice 有益的锻炼、 劝告 * The accident is a salutary reminder of the dangers of climbing. 这一事故有益的一面是提醒了我们攀登活动是有许多危险的.

salutation
[7sAlju:'teiFn; 7sAljE'teFEn] n (fml 文) 1 (a) [U] greeting or respect 问候; 致意; 致敬: * raise one's hat in salutation 举帽行礼. (b) [C] sign or expression of this, eg a bow or a kiss 问候或致意的表示（如鞠躬或亲吻）: * the polite salutations of the courtier 朝臣的谦恭致意. 2 [C] (in a letter, etc) words used to address the person being written to, eg Dear Sir （信函等中的）称呼语（如Dear Sir.

salute
[sE'lu:t; sE'lut] n 1 (a) action performed to show honour, respect or welcome to sb 致敬; 欢迎: * fire a salute of ten guns 鸣礼炮十响. (b) (esp military) gesture of respect to a senior officer, etc, often a raising of the right hand to the forehead in a certain way （尤指军队）（向上级长官等）敬礼, （常为）举手礼: * give a salute 敬礼 * The officer returned the sergeant's salute, ie saluted in reply to such a gesture. 军官向中士还了礼. 2 polite gesture of greeting, eg a bow 行礼（如鞠躬）: * raised his hat as a friendly salute 举帽行礼. 3 (idm 习语) in sa`lute as a salute 以表示敬意: * They took off their hats by the grave in silent salute. 他们在墓旁脱帽默哀. * They raised their fists in salute to their leader. 他们举起拳头向领袖致敬. take the sa`lute acknowledge with a salute the salutes of soldiers marching past （在前进通过的士兵敬礼时）行答礼, 还礼. 派生： salute v (a) [I, Tn] give (sb) a salute; greet (sb) 向（某人）致敬, 致意; 问候或欢迎（某人）: The guard saluted (the general) smartly. 卫兵非常精神地（向将军）行礼. * The royal visitor was saluted by a fanfare of trumpets. 皇室贵宾在嘹亮的铜管乐曲中受到热烈欢迎. (b) [Tn, Cn.n/a] ~ sb/sth (as sth) (fml or rhet 文或修辞) publicly notice (an important person, achievement,etc) 颂扬（一重要人物、 成就等）: We salute you for your tireless efforts for peace. 我们为您在寻求和平方面做出的不懈努力向您表示敬意. * Today should be saluted as the beginning of a new era. 应把今天看作是一个新时代的开始来庆祝.

salvage
[5sAlvidV; 5sAlvidV] n [U] 1 rescue of a damaged ship or its cargo; rescue of property from damage caused by fire, floods, etc （对船、 船上货物的）海上营救; （对火灾、 水灾等的）财物抢救: * Salvage of the wreck was made difficult by bad weather. 船遇难後因天气恶劣救援工作十分困难. * [attrib 作定语] a salvage company, ie one that salvages wrecked ships, recovers valuables from sunken ships, etc 沉船打捞公司 * a salvage tug, ie for towing a disabled ship to port 救难拖船. 2 (money paid for such rescue or the) property rescued in this way 抢救出的财产; （为抢救财产付的）救援费. 3 (saving of) waste material that can be used again after being processed 经加工可重新利用的废物; 废料回收: * collect old newspapers and magazines for salvage 回收旧报纸和杂志. > salvage v 1 [Tn] save (sth) from loss, fire, wreck, etc （从火灾、 海难等中）抢救（某物）. 2 [Tn] save (sth) as salvage(3) 回收利用（某物）. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) recover sth (from a wreck, damaged vehicle, etc) （从失事的船、 车辆等中）抢救某物: * Valuable raw materials were salvaged (from the sunken freighter). （从沉船中）打捞起许多贵重的原料. * (fig 比喻) How can she salvage her reputation after the scandal? 她出了这件丢人的事以後还怎麽能挽回名誉呢?

salvation
[sAl'veiFn; sAl'veFEn] n [U] 1 (religion 宗) saving of a person's soul from sin and its consequences; state of being saved in this way （对人的灵魂的）拯救, 超度: * pray for the salvation of sinners 祈求拯救道德上的罪人. 2 way of avoiding loss, disaster, etc 避免损失、 躲避灾难等的途径或方法: * I get so depressed about life; work is my salvation, ie helps me forget my worries. 我对生活十分悲观, 埋头工作才可寻求解脱. 复合： Sal,vation `Army missionary Christian organization whose members wear military-style uniforms, and who work esp to help the poor 救世军.

salve
[sAlv; - sAv; sAv] n 1 [C, U] (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) oily substance used on wounds, sores or burns 药膏; 软膏: * `lip-salve 唇用药膏. Cf 参看 ointment. 2 [sing] ~ to sth action or thought that makes sb feel less guilty, anxious, angry, etc 使人宽慰的行为或想法; 慰藉: * She paid the repair bill as a salve to her conscience. 她付了维修费以减轻内疚感. 派生： salve v [Tn] make (esp one's conscience) feel better 使（尤指某人的良心）得到安慰: It's too late to salve your conscience by apologizing. 现在想凭藉道歉获得良心上的安慰已经太晚了.

salver
[5sAlvE(r); 5sAlvl] n (usu metal) tray on which letters, drinks, etc are placed for handing to people （用於递送信件、 饮料等的）盘子（通常为金属的）.

salvo
[5sAlvEu; 5sAlvo] n (pl ~s or ~es) 1 firing of several guns at the same time, esp as a salute 数炮齐发; （尤指）礼炮齐鸣. Cf 参看 volley 1. 2 outburst of applause 齐声欢呼喝彩.

SAM
[sAm; sAm] abbr 缩写 = surface-to-air missile 地[舰]对空导弹.

Samaritan
[sE'mAritEn; sE'mArEtn] n 1 the Samaritans [pl] organization devoted to giving help and friendship to people in despair 撒马利亚会（援助及安慰绝望者的慈善组织）. 2 (idm 习语) a ,good Sa`maritan a person who gives sympathy and help to people in trouble 同情并援助苦难者的善人.

samba
[5sAmbE; 5sAmbE] n (music for a) ballroom dance that originated in Brazil 桑巴舞（曲）（源於巴西）: * dance the samba 跳桑巴舞.

same
1[seim; sem] adj 1 the ~ sb/sth (as sb/sth/that...) (also sometimes preceded by this/that/these/those 有时亦可用於this/that/these/those之後) exactly the one (or ones) referred to or mentioned; not different; identical 就是前面提到的那（些）个; 同一的: * They both said the same thing. 他们俩说的一样. * We have lived in the same house for twenty years. 我们二十年来一直住在这所房子里. * He took it off the top shelf and put it back in the same place. 他把它从架子顶层上取下来, 然後又放回到原处. * He is the same age as his wife. 他和他妻子同岁. * The cinema is showing the same film as last week. 电影院演的还是上星期的那部影片. * I saw the mistake at the (very) same moment that she did. 我与她（恰恰）同时发现了这一错误. * I resigned on Friday and left that same day. 我星期五辞职後当天就离开了. 2 the ~ sb/sth (as sb/sth/that...) one that is exactly like the one referred to or mentioned; exactly matching 与前面提到的一模一样的; 相同的: * I saw the same shoes in a shop last week. 我上星期在一家商店看到了同一式样的鞋. * Men with moustaches all look the same to me. 在我看来, 凡是留须的人模样都很像. * I bought the same car as yours/that you did, ie another car of that type. 我买的汽车和你买的一样. * The two recipes are very much the same, ie only slightly different. 这两份食谱几乎一个样. * (derog or joc 贬或谑) You men are all the same! eg have the same faults, obsessions, etc. 你们男人都是一路货! 3 (idm 习语) amount to/come to/be the same `thing not be different; have the same result, meaning, etc 无不同; 结果、 意义等相同: * You can pay by cash or cheque: * it comes to the same thing. 你可付现金或支票, 都一样. at the same `time (a) at once; together 同时; 一起: * Don't all speak at the same time. 大家别同时说. * She was laughing and crying at the same time. 她一面笑一面哭.

same1
(b) (introducing a fact, etc that must be considered 提出须予考虑的事实等) nevertheless; yet 但是; 然而: * You've got to be firm, but at the same time you must be sympathetic. 你态度要强硬, 但还必须有同情心. be in the same boat be in the same (usu unfortunate) circumstances 处於同样（通常指不幸的）境地: * She and I are in the same boat: * we both failed the exam. 我和她一样, 考试都没及格. be of the same `mind (about sb/sth) (fml 文) having the same opinion 意见一致: * We're all of the same mind: * opposed to the proposal. 我们想法一样, 都反对这项提议. by the same `token in a corresponding way; following from the same argument 相应地; 基於同一理由: * She must be more reasonable, but by the same token you must try to understand her. 她得讲点理, 可你也得尽量体谅她. in the same breath immediately after saying sth else （说完某些话後）紧接着: * He praised my work and in the same breath told me I would have to leave. 他称赞我工作好, 刚说完这话就让我离职. lightning never strikes in the same place twice => lightning1. not in the same street (as sb/sth) of a much lower standard (than sb/sth) 远不如（某人[某事物]）. one and the same the same person or thing 同一人或事物: * It turns out that her aunt and my cousin are one and the same (person). 原来她姑姑就是我表姐. on the same wavelength (as sb) sharing the same way of thinking and the same interests, etc (as sb) and therefore able to understand him （与某人）志趣相同: * I find him difficult to talk to we're on completely different wavelengths. 我觉得很难和他谈得来--我们完全没有共通之处. pay sb in his own/the same coin => pay2. the ,same old `story what usually happens 常常发生的事: * It's the same old story: * everybody wants the house tidy, but nobody wants to tidy it himself. 还是老生常谈的事:

same2
* 谁都想让房子整洁, 可谁也不愿意亲自整理. speak the same language => speak. tarred with the same brush => tar1. 派生： the same adv in the same way; similarly 同样地; 相同地: I still feel the same about it. 我对此事看法仍和原来一样. * The two words are spelled differently, but pronounced the same. 这两个字拼写不同, 但发音相同. sameness n [U] quality of being the same; lack of variety 同一性; 相同性; 无变化: the tedious sameness of winter days indoors 冬天室内那种漫长而又单调乏味的生活. samey[5seimi; 5semi] adj (infml 口) not changing enough 变化不大的: * The food we get here is terribly samey. 我们这里吃的食物差不多总是老一套.

samosa
[sE'mEusE; sE'mosE] n spicy snack with a meat or vegetable filling in a triangular case of crisp fried pastry 炸馅角（有肉或菜馅的叁角形面食小吃）.

samovar
[5sAmEuva:(r); 5sAmE7var] n container for heating water used esp in Russia for making tea 茶炊（尤指俄式的）.

sampan
[5sAmpAn; 5sAmpAn] n small flat-bottomed boat used along the coasts and rivers of China 舢板.

sample
[5sa:mpl; - 'sAmpl; 5sAmpl] n 1 one of a number of things, or part of a whole, that can be looked at to see what the rest is like; specimen 货样; 样品; 标本: * a sample of his handwriting （他的）手写的样本 * a blood, urine, tissue, etc sample 血、 尿、 组织等的样 *The survey covers a representative sample of the population,ie people of all levels of society. 这项调查涉及到社会各阶层的人士. * a sample of the kind of cloth I want to buy 我想买的那种布的货样. 2 small amount of a product given away free 免费分发的小量试（货）样; 赠样: * hand out free samples of the perfume 送出香水的赠样 * [attrib 作定语] a sample pack, sachet, etc 馈赠的小包、 小袋等样品. 派生： sample v [Tn] try out or examine (sth) by taking a sample or by experiencing it 抽样检查（某物）; 取（某物）样; 试用（某物）: sample a new type of flour for oneself 试样选择一种新的面粉 * sample the delights of Chinese food 品尝中国美食 * We sampled opinion among the workers about (ie asked some of them about) changes in working methods. 我们抽样调查工人对改变工作方法的看法.

sampler
[5sa:mplE(r); - 'sAm-; 5sAmpll] n piece of cloth embroidered to show skill in needlework and often displayed on a wall 刺咳样品（用以展示刺咳技艺, 常贴於墙上）.

samurai
[5sAmurai; 5sAmu7rai] n (pl unchanged 复数不变) 1 the samurai [pl] the military caste in feudal Japan （日本封建时代的）武士阶级. 2 [C] member of this caste （日本的）武士.

sanatorium
[7sAnE'tC:riEm; 7sAnE'tCriEm] n (US alsosanitarium[7sAnE'teEriEm; 7sAnE'teriEm] , sanitorium/ 9sAnE5tR:rIEm; 9sAnE`tRrIEm/) (pl ~s or -ria[-riE; -riE] ) clinic where patients suffering or recovering from a long illness are treated 疗养院.

sanctify
[5sANktifai; 5sANktE7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) 1 [Tn] make (sb/sth) holy 使（某人[某事物]）神圣化: * a life sanctified by prayer 因祈祷而变得神圣的生活. 2 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (fig 比喻) make (sth) seem right, legal, etc; justify; sanction 使（某事物）正当、 合法、 有理等; 认可: * a practice sanctified by tradition 为传统所认可的做法. > sanctification[7sANktifi'keiFn;7sANktEfE'keFEn] n [U].

sanctimonious
[7sANkti'mEuniEs; 7sANktE'moniEs] adj (derog 贬) showing that one feels morally better than other people 假装高尚、 正经的: * a sanctimonious smile, remark, person, letter of protest 假仁假义的微笑、 言词、 人、 抗议信. > sanctimoniously adv. sanctimoniousness n [U].

sanction
[5sANkFn; 5sANkFEn] n 1 [U] permission or approval for an action, a change, etc （对某种行动、 变化等的）认可, 批准: * The book was translated without the sanction of the author. 这本书未经作者许可就给翻译了. * The government gave its sanction to what the Minister had done. 政府对这位部长的做法均已认可. * These measures have the sanction of tradition, ie seem justified because they have often been taken before. 这些措施已约定俗成. 2 [C] reason that stops people disobeying laws, rules, etc 使人们不违背法律、 规定等的因素或约束力: * Is prison the best sanction against a crime like this? 为遏止这类罪行, 监禁手段是否是上策? * The fear of ridicule is a very effective sanction. 人们不做违法乱纪的事, 其中一个重要因素就是怕人耻笑. 3 measure taken to force a country to obey international law （迫使某国服从国际法的）处罚措施, 制裁: * apply economic sanctions against a repressive regime 对一压制人民的政体实行经济制裁. 派生： sanction v [Tn, Tg, Tsg] give one's permission for (sth); authorize or approve 同意（某事）; 批准; 认可: I can't sanction your methods. 我不能同意你的办法. * Who sanctioned bombing the town? 是谁批准轰炸那座城的? * They won't sanction our spending on this scale. 他们不会同意我们这麽大的开支.

sanctity
[5sANktEti; 5sANktEti] n [U] holiness; sacredness神圣; 庄严: * She gives us a living example of sanctity. 她给我们树立了一个圣洁的活榜样. * the sanctity of an oath 誓约的严肃性.

sanctuary
[5sANktFuEri; - -ueri; 5sANktFu7eri] n 1 [C] sacred place, eg a church, temple or mosque 圣所, 圣地（如教堂、 庙宇或回教寺院）. 2 [C] (a) chancel of a church 圣坛. (b) (esp US) room where general religious services are held 圣堂. 3 (a) [C] sacred place where sb is protected from people wishing to arrest or attack him （为受逮捕、 攻击威胁的人提供的）庇护所: The fleeing rebels found a sanctuary in the nearby church. 叛乱後逃跑的人躲入附近教堂寻求庇护. (b) [U] (the right to offer) such protection 庇护; （为他人提供的）庇护权: claim/seek/take/be offered sanctuary 要求[寻求/接受/受到]庇护. 4 [C] any place where refuge is provided 避难所: Our country is a sanctuary for political refugees from all over the world. 我国是全世界政治难民的避难所. 5 [C] area where birds and wild animals are protected from hunters, etc and are encouraged to breed 禁猎区; 鸟兽保护区: a `bird sanctuary 鸟类禁猎区.

sanctum
[5sANktEm; 5sANktEm] n 1 holy place 圣地; 圣所. 2 (fig 比喻) room, office, etc where sb may not be disturbed （不受人打扰的）房间、 办公室等: * I was allowed once into his inner sanctum. 我有一次获准进入他的内室.

sand
[sAnd; sAnd] n 1 [U] (mass of) very fine fragments of rock that has been worn down, found on beaches, in river-beds, deserts, etc 沙; 沙粒: * mix sand and cement to make concrete 把沙子和水泥混合制成混凝土. 2 [U, C usu pl 作不可数名词或可数名词, 後者通常作复数] area of sand, eg on a beach 沙地（如沙滩）: * children playing on the sand(s) 在沙滩上玩耍的儿童. 3 sands [pl] (used in names 用於地名) sandbank 沙坝; 沙滩; 沙洲: * the Goodwin Sands 古德温沙洲. 4 (idm 习语) bury/hide one's head in the sand => head. the sands are running `out there is not much time left 剩下的时间不多了: * The sands are running out: * we must have the money by tomorrow. 剩下的时间不多了: * 我们明天得弄到这笔钱. 派生： sand v 1 [Tn, Tn.p, Cn.a] ~ sth (down) smooth or polish sth with sandpaper, etc 用砂纸等擦平或磨光某物: The bare wood must be sanded down. 这个没有皮的木料得用砂纸磨光. * The floor has been sanded smooth. 地板已用砂纸磨光. 2 [Tn] sprinkle sand on (sth) or cover (sth) with sand 在（某物）上撒沙; 用沙覆盖（某物）. sander (also `sanding-machine) n machine for sanding surfaces, eg by means of a rotating pad with sandpaper attached 砂轮打磨机. sandy adj (-ier, -iest) 1 like sand; covered with sand 沙状的; 覆盖着沙的: a surface with a sandy texture 有沙粒样的表面 * The floor of the beach-hut was sandy. 那海滨小屋的地面上净是沙子. 2 (of hair, etc) yellowish-red （指毛发等）沙色的. sandiness n [U]. 复合： `sandbag n bag filled with sand, used as a defence (eg in war, against rising flood-water, etc) 沙袋, 沙包（如用於作战、 防洪等）. v (-gg-) [Tn] put sandbags in or around (sth) 在（某物）内或四周堆上沙袋: sandbag the doorway in case of flooding 在门口堆上沙袋以防洪水. `sandbank n bank or shoal of sand in a river or the sea （河或海的）沙坝, 沙滩, 沙洲.

sand1
`sand-bar n sandbank at the mouth of a river or harbour （河口或港口的）沙洲. `sand-blast v [Tn] clean or decorate (a stone wall, etc) by aiming a jet of sand at it 喷沙清洗或装饰（石墙等）. `sandboy n (idm 习语) happy as a sandboy => happy. `sand-castle n pile of sand shaped to look like a castle, usu made by a child on a beach 用沙子堆的城堡（通常指儿童在沙滩堆 的）. `sand-dune n = dune. `sand-fly n type of midge common on seashores 白蛉. the `sandman n [sing] imaginary person who makes children feel sleepy 睡魔（神话中能催儿童入睡的人）: The sandman's coming! ie It's time for bed! 睡魔来了! （该睡觉了! ） `sandpaper n [U] strong paper coated with sand or a similar substance, used for rubbing surfaces smooth 砂纸. v [Tn, Tn.p] smooth (sth) with sandpaper 用砂纸磨光（某物）. `sandpiper n small bird living in wet sandy places near streams 矶鹬. `sand-pit n hole in the ground partly filled with sand for children to play in （儿童游戏用的）沙坑. `sand-shoes n [pl] light shoes with rubber or hemp soles for wearing on beaches 沙地鞋（在沙滩上用的轻便鞋）. `sandstone n [U] rock formed of compressed sand 沙岩. `sandstorm n storm in a desert in which sand is blown through the air by the wind 沙暴. `sand trap (esp US) = bunker 2. `sand-yacht n vehicle with wheels and a sail, driven over sand by the wind 沙地帆车（有轮及帆, 藉风力在沙地行驶）.

sandal
[5sAndl; 5sAndl] n type of open shoe consisting of a sole held on to the foot by straps or cords 凉鞋. Cf 参看 boot1 1, shoe 1. > sandalled adj wearing sandals 穿凉鞋的.

sandalwood
[5sAndlwud; 5sAndl7wud] n [U] hard scented wood used for making fans, caskets, etc 檀香木: * [attrib 作定语] sandalwood soap, ie smelling like this wood 檀香皂.

sandwich
[5sAnwidV; - -witF; 5sAnwitF] n two or more slices of bread with meat, cheese, etc between 叁明治: * ham, chicken, cucumber, etc sandwiches 火腿、 鸡肉、 黄瓜等叁明治 * [attrib 作定语] a sandwich bar, box, filling 叁明治柜台、 盒、 夹心. 派生： sandwich v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (between sb/sth) put sb/sth between two other people or things, esp in a restricted space 将某人[某物]夹在另两人或两物之间（尤指受空间限制）: I sandwiched myself between two fat men on the bus. 我在公共汽车上, 一边一个胖子把我夹在中间不能动. 复合： `sandwich board either of two connected boards,usu carrying advertisements and hung over the shoulders of a person (a `sandwich man) who walks about the streets to display them 夹板广告牌（游街宣传员胸前背後挂的广告牌, 这种宣传员称sandwich man夹板广告员）. `sandwich course course of training in which periods of instruction and practical work alternate 工读交替制课程.

sane
[sein; sen] adj (-r, -st) 1 having a healthy mind; not mad 心智健全的; 神志正常的: * It's hard to stay sane under such awful pressure. 处於这种可怕的压力之下, 不疯才怪呢. 2 (fig 比喻) showing good judgement; moderate; sensible 明智的; 稳健的; 理智的: * a sane person, decision, policy 明智的人、 决定、 政策 * her sane, democratic views 她的理智、 民主的见解. > sanely adv.

sang
pt of sing.

sangria
[5sANgriE; - sAN'gri:E; sAN'griE] n [U] (Spanish 西) drink made of red wine with fruit, lemonade, etc 桑格里酒（由红葡萄酒、 水果汁、 汽水等配制而成）.

sanguinary
[5sANgwinEri; - -neri; 5sANgwin7eri] adj (dated fml 旧, 文) 1 with much bloodshed; bloody 血腥的; 血淋淋的: * a sanguinary battle 血战. 2 fond of bloodshed; cruel 嗜杀的; 残酷的: * a sanguinary ruler 残暴的统治者.

sanguine
[5sANgwin; 5sANgwin] adj (fml 文) 1 ~ (about sth/that...) hopeful; optimistic 充满希望的; 乐观的: * not very sanguine about our chances of success 对我们成功的机会不很乐观 * sanguine that we shall succeed 自信我们将成功. 2 having a red complexion 面色红润的. > sanguinely adv. sanguineness n [U].

sanitarium, sanitorium
(US) = sanatorium.

sanitary
[5sAnitri; - -teri; 5sAnE7teri] adj 1 free from dirt or substances that may cause disease; hygienic 清洁的; 卫生的; 保健的: * Conditions in the kitchen were not very sanitary. 厨房环境不太卫生. 2 [attrib 作定语] of or concerned with protecting health 保健的; 有关保健的: * sanitary ware, ie toilet bowls, etc 洁具（抽水马桶等） * a `sanitary inspector, ie an official who checks that the conditions in shops, restaurants, etc are hygienic 卫生检查员. 复合： `sanitary towel, `sanitary pad absorbent pad used by a woman during her period 卫生巾; 月经带.

sanitation
[7sAni'teiFn; 7sAnE'teFEn] n [U] systems thatprotect people's health, esp those that dispose efficiently of sewage 卫生系统或设备（尤指下水道设备）.

sanitize, sanitise
[5sAnitaiz; 5sAnE7taiz] v [Tn] 1 make (a place) hygienic 使（某处）卫生. 2 (fig derog 比喻, 贬) make (a story, news, etc) less disturbing, shocking, etc 净化（陈述、 报道、 新闻等）（以免引起不安、 惊慌等）: * They've sanitized my report on army atrocities. 他们删除了我那篇报道中记述军队暴行的内容.

sanity
[5sAnEti; 5sAnEti] n [U] 1 state of being sane; health of mind 神志正常; 心智健康: * doubt/questionsb's sanity 怀疑某人神志是否正常. 2 soundness of judgement; state of being sensible or moderate 明智; 理智; 稳健: * try to bring some sanity into a difficult situation 在困难情况下, 力求理智.

sank
pt of sink1.

sanserif
[7sAn'serif; sAn'serif] n [U] (in printing) form of type without serifs （印刷）无衬线的铅字. =>illus at serif 见serif插图.

Santa Claus
[5sAntE klC:z; 5sAntE7klCz] (also esp Brit Father Christmas) man with a white beard and dressed in red, who, children are told, comes down chimneys at Christmas to bring presents 圣诞老人.

sap
1[sAp; sAp] n [U] 1 liquid in a plant that carries food to all its parts 树液: * The sap rises in trees in springtime. 春天树中的汁液向上流动. 2 (fig 比喻) vigour or energy 元气; 精力: * He's full of sap and ready to start. 他精神抖擞准备出发. 派生： sappy adj (-ier, -iest) full of sap 多树液的; 精力充沛的. 复合： `sapwood n [U] soft outer layers of wood 边材, 白木质（木之柔软的外层）.

sapient
[5seipiEnt; 5sepiEnt] adj (fml 文) wise 有智慧的. > sapience[-Ens; -Ens] n [U]. sapiently adv.

sapling
[5sApliN; 5sApliN] n young tree 幼树.

Sapphic
(also sapphic)[5sAfik; 5sAfik] n form of four-line verse typical of the Greek lesbian poetess Sappho 希腊女同性恋诗人萨福式的四行诗体. > Sapphic adj 1 of such verse 萨福四行诗体的. 2 ( fml 文) lesbian 女同性恋的.

sapphire
[5sAfaiE(r); 5sAfair] n 1 [C] clear, bright blue jewel 蓝宝石. 2 [U] its colour 蔚蓝色. 派生： sapphire adj bright blue 蔚蓝色的.

saprophyte
[5sAprEufait; 5sApro7fait] n fungus or similar plant living on dead organic matter 腐生植物; 死物寄生菌. > saprophytic[7sAprEu'fitik; 7sApro'fitik] adj.

Saracen
[5sArEsn; 5sArEsn] n Arab or Muslim at the time of the Crusades 萨拉森人（十字军东征时的阿拉伯人或穆斯林）.

sarcasm
[5sa:kAzEm; 5sarkAzEm] n [U] (use of) bitter, esp ironic, remarks intended to wound sb's feelings 讥讽; 讽刺; 挖苦: * her constant sarcasm about his poor work 她对他作品拙劣的一贯嘲讽. 派生： sarcastic/sa:'kAstik; sar'kAstik] (also infml 口语作 sarky) adj of or using sarcasm 讥讽的; 讽刺的; 挖苦的: * a sarcastic person, tone, remark 好讥讽的人、 讽刺的语调、 挖苦的话. sarcastically[-kli; -kli] adv.

sarcophagus
[sa:'kCfEgEs; sar'kafEgEs] n (pl -gi[-gai;-gai] or ~es[-gEsiz; -gEsiz] ) stone coffin, esp one with carvings, etc, used in ancient times （古代的）石棺（尤指有雕刻的）.

sardine
[sa:'di:n; sar'din] n 1 young pilchard or a similar fish, usu tinned in oil or tomato sauce 沙丁鱼（通常为罐装）. 2 (idm 习语) (packed, squashed, etc) like sardines (infml 口) pressed tightly together 拥挤: * The ten of us were squashed together like sardines in the lift. 我们十个人在电梯里拥成一团.

sardonic
[sa:'dCnik; sar'danik] adj expressing scorn, usu in a grimly humorous way; mocking 嘲笑的; 讥笑的: * a sardonic smile, laugh, expression, etc 嘲弄的微笑、 大笑、 表情等. > sardonically[-kli; -kli] adv.

sari
[5sa:ri; 5sari] n length of cotton or silk cloth draped round the body, worn as the main garment by Hindu women 莎丽（印度女子裹在身上的棉布或绸布, 作主要外衣）.

sarky
[5sa:ki; 5sarki] adj (Brit infml 口) = sarcastic (sarcasm): * She's a sarky little madam. 她是个爱讽刺人的小姐.

sarong
[sE'rCN; - -'rC:N; sE'rCN] n long strip of cotton or silk cloth worn as a skirt tucked in at the waist or under the armpits by Malay and Indonesian men and women 莎笼（马来人及印尼人用以裹住身体的长条布或绸缎, 在腰部或腋下系住, 似裙, 男女皆穿）.

sartorial
[sa:'tC:riEl; sar'tCriEl] adj [attrib 作定语] (fml 文) of (usu men's) clothes or a way of dressing 服装的; （通常指）男式服装的; 衣着的: * sartorial elegance 衣着的大方雅致. > sartorially[-riEli; -riEli] adv.

SAS
[7es ei 'es; 7es e 'es] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Special Air Service (of the army) （陆军的）特种空勤部队.

sash
1[sAF; sAF] n long strip of cloth worn around the waist or over one shoulder as an ornament or as part of a uniform 腰带; 肩带.

sashay
[5sAFei; 5sAFe] v [Ipr, Ip] (US infml 口) walk or move in a casual but showy way 大摇大摆地或神气活现地走: * sashay into the room 大摇大摆地走进房间 * She sashayed past, not condescending to look at us. 她神气活现地走了过去, 连看也不愿看我们一眼.

sass
[sAs; sAs] n [U] (US infml 口) disrespectful rudeness; sauce(2) 无礼; 莽撞: * Just listen to her sass! 你听听她那些无礼的话! 派生： sass v [Tn] (US infml 口) 1 be disrespectfully rude to (sb) 对（某人）粗鲁无礼: Don't you dare sass me! 你竟敢对我这样无礼! 2 (phr v) sass sb back answer sb rudely 与某人顶嘴: I asked her to go and brush her teeth and she just sassed me back. 我叫她去刷牙, 她就跟我顶起嘴来. sassy adj (-ier, -iest) (US infml 口) 1 disrespectfully rude 无礼的; 莽撞的. 2 lively or stylish 活泼的; 时髦的: a real sassy dresser 衣着十分时髦的人.

Sassenach
[5sAsEnAk; 5sAsn7Ak] n (Scot derog or joc 苏格兰, 贬或谑) English person 英格兰人.

Sat
abbr 缩写 = Saturday: Sat 2 May 5月2日星期六.

Satan
[5seitn; 5setn] n the Devil 撒旦; 魔鬼. 派生： satanic/sE'tAnik; - sei-; se'tAnik] adj 1 (often 常作 Satanic) of or like Satan （似）撒旦的, 魔鬼的: * satanic rites, eg involving the worship of Satan 崇拜撒旦的仪式 * (joc 谑) His Satanic Majesty, ie Satan 撒旦陛下. 2 (esp rhet 尤作修辞) wicked; evil 邪恶的; 罪恶的. satanically[-kli; -kli] adv.

Satanism
[5seitEnizEm; 5setn7izEm] n [U] worship of Satan 撒旦崇拜; 魔鬼崇拜. > Satanist[5seitEnist;'setnist] n worshipper of Satan 撒旦崇拜者; 魔鬼崇拜者.

satchel
[5sAtFEl; 5sAtFEl] n small leather or canvas bag, usu carried over the shoulders and used for carrying school books, etc 小的皮包或帆布包; （通常指背在肩上的）书包.

sated
[seitid; setid] adj [usu pred 通常作表语] ~ (with sth) (fml 文) having had so much (of sth) that one does not want any more; satiated 厌腻: * sated with pleasure 享乐得生厌.

satellite
[5sAtElait; 5sAtl7ait] n 1 (a) natural body in space orbiting round a larger body, esp a planet 卫星: * The moon is the Earth's satellite. 月球是地球的卫星. (b) man-made device, eg a space station, put in orbit round a planet 人造卫星: * a com,muni`cations satellite, ie one that relays back to the Earth telephone messages or radio and TV signals received from another part of the Earth 通信卫星. => illus at orbit 见orbit插图. 2 (also `satellite state) (usu derog 通常作贬义) country dependent on another more powerful country and controlled by it 卫星国（依附於某大国并受其控制者）: * the former USSR and its satellites 前苏联及其卫星国.

satiate
[5seiFieit; 5seFi7et] v [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] (fml 文) provide (sb) with so much of sth that he wants no more 使（某人）充分满足（而不再需要某物）: * She pushed her chair back from the table, satiated. 她把椅子从餐桌处向後挪了挪, 再也吃不下了. * satiated with pleasure 享乐得生厌. > satiation[7seiFi'eiFn;7seFi'eFEn] n [U].

satiety
[sE'taiEti; sE'taiEti] n [U] (fml 文) condition or feeling of being satiated 满足; 饱足: * feel full to satiety 感到过於满足.

satin
[5sAtin; - 'sAtn; 5sAtn] n [U] silk material that is shiny and smooth on one side 缎; 缎子: * [attrib 作定语] a satin dress, ribbon, etc 缎子连衣裙、 缎带. 派生： satin adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] smooth like satin 像缎子一样光滑的: The paint has a satin finish. 漆面光滑如缎. satiny adj having the appearance or texture of satin （外观或质地）似缎的, 光滑的: her satiny skin 她的光滑的皮肤.

satinwood
[5sAtinwud; - 'sAtn-; 5sAtn7wud] n [U] smooth hard wood of a tropical tree, used for making furniture 缎木.

satire
[5sAtaiE(r); 5sAtair] n 1 [U] attacking foolish or wicked behaviour by making fun of it, often by using sarcasm and parody 讽刺; 讥讽: * a work of bitter satire 充满尖刻讽刺的作品 * Is there too much satire on TV? 电视上讽刺内容是否太多了? 2 [C] ~ (on sb/sth) piece of writing, play, film, etc that makes fun of foolish or wicked behaviour in this way 讽刺作品（文章、 戏剧、 电影等）: * Her novel is a satire on social snobbery. 她的小说是描写势利小人的讽刺作品. 派生： satirical/sE'tirikl; sE'tirikl] (also satiric/sE'tirik; sE'tirik] ) adj containing or using satire 含讽刺意味的; 嘲讽的: * a satirical play, poem, sketch, etc 讽刺剧、 诗、 小品等. satirically[-kli; -kli] adv. satirist[5sAtErist; 5sAtErist] n person who uses or writes satire 进行讽刺的人; 创作讽刺作品的作家. satirize, -ise[5sAtEraiz; 5sAtE7raiz] v [Tn] make fun of (sb/sth) by means of satire 讽刺或讥讽（某人[某事物]）: * Politicians are often satirized on TV and radio. 政客常遭到电视与无线电广播的讥讽.

satisfaction
[7sAtis'fAkFn; 7sAtis'fAkFEn] n 1 [U] feeling of contentment felt when one has or achieves what one needs or desires 满意; 满足: * She can look back on her career with great satisfaction. 她回顾自己的经历觉得心满意足. * get/obtain/derive satisfaction from one's work 从自己的工作中得到满足 * a look of smug satisfaction 自鸣得意的表情 * In old age he finally had the satisfaction of seeing the quality of his work recognized. 他在暮年终於目睹自己的作品得到赞赏深感欣慰. * do the work to the satisfaction of the client, ie so that he is pleased with it 工作做得让顾客满意 * job satisfaction 从工作中得到的满足感. 2 [U] fulfilment (of a need, desire, etc) （需要、 愿望等的）实现: * the satisfaction of one's hunger 解饿 * the satisfaction of a hope, desire, ambition, etc 希望、 愿望、 抱负等的实现. 3 [C] thing that gives contentment or pleasure 令人满足或带来乐趣的事物: * the satisfactions of doing work that one loves 做自己喜欢的工作从中得到的乐趣. 4 [U] (fml 文) (a) adequate response (eg compensation or an apology) to a complaint （对投诉做出的）满意的回应（如补偿或道歉）: * When I didn't get any satisfaction from the local people I wrote to the head office. 当地部门做出的回应我十分不满, 因而向其总部投书. (b) revenge for an insult, etc, esp (formerly) by means of duelling （受辱後的）复仇, （尤指旧时）决斗: * You have insulted my wife; I demand satisfaction! 你侮辱了我的妻子, 我要与你决斗!

satisfactory
[7sAtis'fAktEri; 7sAtis'fAktEri] adj good enough for a purpose (but not outstanding) 满意的, 满足的, 如意的（但并非十全十美）: * a satisfactory attempt, meal, book, piece of work 满意的尝试、 饭菜、 书、 作品 * The result of the experiment was satisfactory. 实验结果令人满意. * Her school report says her French is satisfactory. 她成绩单上记载法语尚可. * We want a satisfactory explanation of your lateness. 我们想让你解释一下你迟到有什麽充分理由. 派生： satisfactorily[-tErEli; -tErEli] adv in a satisfactory manner 令人满意地; 令人满足地: * The patient is getting on satisfactorily. 病人康复情况令人满意. satisfactoriness n [U].

satisfy
[5sAtisfai; 5sAtis7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) 1 [Tn] give (sb) what he wants, demands or needs; make contented 使（某人）满意或满足: * Nothing satisfies him: * he's always complaining. 他对什麽都不满意, 总是抱怨. * She's not satisfied with anything but the best. 她事事都要最好的方才罢休. 2 [Tn] fulfil (a need, desire, etc); do enough to meet (a requirement, etc) 满足（需要、 愿望等）; 达到（要求等）: * satisfy sb's hunger, demands, curiosity 解饿、 符合要求、 满足好奇心 * She has satisfied the conditions for entry into the college. 她已符合进入这所学院的条件. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.f] ~ sb (as to/of sth) give sb proof, information, etc; convince sb 向某人提供证据、 消息等; 使某人信服: * My assurances don't satisfy him: * he's still sceptical. 我说的确确实实他都不信, 仍有疑虑. * satisfy the police that one is innocent/as to one's innocence 向警方证实自己是清白的. 4 (idm 习语) ,satisfy the e`xaminers pass an exam 考及格. 派生： satisfied adj feeling satisfaction; contented 满意的; 满足的: I felt quite satisfied after my big meal. 我这顿饭吃得很多, 觉得很饱. * (ironic 反语) Look! You've broken my watch. Now are you satisfied? 看! 你把我的手表弄坏了. 现在该满意了吧? satisfying adj giving satisfaction 令人满意的; 令人满足的: a satisfying meal, result 令人满意的饭菜、 结果. satisfyingly adv.

satsuma
[sAt'su:mE; 7sAt'sumE] n small loose-skinned edible fruit like a mandarin orange 蜜橘.

saturate
[5sAtFEreit; 5sAtFE7ret] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with/in sth) make sth very wet; soak sth 浸湿或浸透某物: * clothes saturated with water 浸湿的衣服 * Saturate the meat in the mixture of oil and herbs. 把肉浸泡在油和作料的卤汁里. 2 [Tn.pr esp passive 尤用於被动语态] ~ sth/sb with/in sth cause sth/sb to absorb a lot of sth; fill sth/sb completely with sth 使某物[某人]大量吸收或充满某物: * We lay on the beach, saturated in sunshine. 我们躺在沙滩上, 沐浴在阳光里. * The market is saturated with good used cars, ie There are too many of them for sale. 市场上质量好的旧汽车供过於求. 派生： saturated adj 1 [usu pred 通常作表语] very wet; soaked 极湿; 湿透: I went out in the rain and got saturated. 我冒着雨出门, 浑身都淋透了. 2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (chemistry 化) (of a solution) containing the greatest possible amount of the dissolved substance （指溶液）饱和的: a saturated solution of salt 饱和的食盐溶液. 3 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of fats and oils, eg butter) containing chemicals bonded in such a way that eating them is bad for the health （指油脂, 如黄油）含饱和脂肪酸的（不利健康）. Cf 参看 polyunsaturated. saturation[7sAtFE'reiFn; 7sAtFE'reFEn] n [U] saturating or being saturated 浸湿; 浸透; 饱和. adj [attrib 作定 语] (of an attack) carried out in such a way that the whole of an area is affected （指攻击）呈饱和状态的, 遍及各处的: * saturation bombing of the town 对该城的饱和轰炸. 复合： ,satu`ration point 1 (chemistry 化) stage at which no more of a substance can be absorbed into a solution 饱和点. 2 (fig 比喻) stage at which no more can be absorbed, accepted, etc 饱和（状态）: So many refugees have arrived that the camps have reached saturation point. 来了那麽多的难民, 营房都饱和了.

Saturday
[5sAtEdi; 5sAtldi] n [U, C] (abbr 缩写 Sat) the seventh and last day of the week, next after Friday 星期六. For the uses of Saturday see the examples at Monday. 关於Saturday的用法见Monday词条中的示例.

Saturn
[5sAtEn; 5sAtln] n (astronomy 天) the planet sixth in order from the sun, large and with rings round it 土星.

saturnalia
[7sAtE'neiliE; 7sAtl'neliE] n (pl unchanged or ~s 复数或不变或作 saturnalias) (rhet 修辞) wild revelry 纵情狂欢.

saturnine
[5sAtEnain; 5sAtl7nain] adj (fml 文) (of a person or his appearance) gloomy （指人或人的外貌）忧郁的, 阴沉的: * a saturnine face, frown 愁容、 颦蹙.

satyr
[5sAtE(r); 5sAtl] n 1 (in Greek and Roman myths) god of the woods, half man and half goat （希猎及罗马神话）（半人半羊的）森林之神. 2 (rhet 修辞) man with very strong sexual desires 性欲极强的男子.

sauce
[sC:s; sCs] n 1 [C, U] (type of) liquid or semi-liquid mixture served with food to add flavour 沙司; 调味汁; 酱: * tomato, soy, cranberry, etc `sauce 番茄酱、 酱油、 越橘沙司 * fruit pudding and brandy sauce 水果布丁和白兰地调味汁 * What sauces go best with fish? 吃鱼配哪种调味汁最好? * [attrib 作定语] a `sauce bottle 沙司瓶. Cf 参看 pickle 1, relish 3. 2 [U] (infml 口) disrespectful rudeness, often of a harmless kind 无礼, 莽撞（常指无伤大雅的）: * We'll have no more of your sauce, young man! 小伙子, 别对我们这麽不客气! Cf 参看 sass. 3 the sauce [sing] (US infml 口) alcoholic drink 烈酒: * Keep off the sauce! 别喝烈酒! 4 (idm 习语) in the `sauce (US infml 口) having had a lot of alcohol; drunk 饮酒过多的; 醉的. what is ,sauce for the `goose is , sauce for the `gander (saying 谚) what applies to one person must apply to another in similar circumstances 适用於一人也一定适用於另一人: * If you can arrive late, then so can I: * what's sauce for the goose is sauce for the gander. 你可以迟到, 那我也可以晚来: * 一视同仁嘛. > sauce v [Tn] (infml 口) be disrespectfully rude to (sb) 对（某人）无礼或粗鲁: * Don't you dare sauce me! 你竟敢对我无礼! Cf 参看 sass v. saucy adj (-ier, -iest) 1 disrespectfully rude 无礼的; 莽撞的: * You saucy little thing! 你这个鲁莽的小东西! 2 (esp of clothes) smart and cheerful; jaunty （尤指衣物）时髦的, 漂亮的: * a saucy little hat 漂亮的小帽. saucily[-ili; -Eli] adv. sauciness n [U]. 复合： `sauce-boat n container for serving sauce （船形的）沙司碟.

saucepan
[5sC:spEn; - -pAn; 5sCs7pAn] n metal cooking pot, usu round and with a lid and a handle, used for cooking things over heat 锅（通常指有盖及柄的）. =>illus at pan 见pan插图.

saucer
[5sC:sE(r); 5sCsl] n 1 small shallow curved dish on which a cup stands 茶托; 茶杯碟: * Where's my cup and saucer? 我的茶杯和茶托在哪儿呢? 2 anything shaped like this, eg the dish of a radio telescope 碟形物（如射电望远镜的碟形盘）.

sauerkraut
[5sauEkraut; 5saur7kraut] n [U] (German 德) chopped pickled cabbage 泡洋白菜丝.

sauna
[5sC:nE, also 'saunE; 5sCnE, 'saunE] n (a) period of sitting or lying in a special room heated to a very high temperature, often followed by a quick bath in cold water 桑拿浴; 蒸气浴. (b) room for this 蒸气浴室.

saunter
[5sC:ntE(r); 5sCntl] v [Ipr, Ip] walk in a leisurely way; stroll 漫步; 闲逛: * saunter down the avenue 沿着林荫道漫步 * He sauntered by with his hands in his pockets. 他双手插在口袋里悠闲地走了过去. 派生： saunter n [sing] leisurely walk or pace 漫步; 闲逛: a casual saunter around the shops 逛商店.

saurian
[5sC:riEn; 5sCriEn] n, adj (animal) of the lizard family including crocodiles, lizards and some extinct species (eg dinosaurs) 蜥蜴亚目的（动物）（包括α鱼、 蜥蜴及一些已绝种的品种, 如恐龙）.

sausage
[5sCsidV; - 'sC:s-; 5sCsidV] n 1 [C, U] mixture of minced meat (esp pork or beef) and flavouring, etc in a thin tube-like casing (either cooked and eaten whole or served cold and in slices) 香肠; 腊肠: * grill some sausages 烤些香肠 * a pound of garlic sausage 一磅蒜味香肠. 2 (idm 习语) not a sausage (infml 口) nothing at all 一点也不; 毫无. 复合： `sausage-dog n (Brit infml 口) dachshund 猎獾狗. `sausage meat minced meat with cereal, flavourings, etc used for making sausages （做香肠的）肉馅. ,sausage `roll sausage meat baked in a tube of pastry 香肠卷（面皮卷香肠肉馅烤的点心）.

saute
[5sEutei; - sEu'tei; so'te] adj [attrib 作定语] (French 法) (of food) quickly fried in a little fat （指食物）煎的, 炒的: * saute potatoes 煎马铃薯. 派生： saute v (pt, pp ~ed or ~d, pres p ~ing) [Tn] fry (food) in this way 煎, 炒（食物）: Saute the onions. 炒洋葱. => Usage at cook 用法见cook.

savage
[5sAvidV; 5sAvidV] adj 1 (a) wild and fierce 野性的; 凶猛的: * a savage lion, wolf, etc 猛狮、 恶狼 * a savage attack by a big dog 凶猛的大狗的攻击. (b) cruel, vicious or hostile 残酷的; 恶毒的; 敌意的: * savage criticism, remarks 粗暴的批评、 恶毒的言语 * The article was a savage attack on her past actions. 那篇文章对她过去的行为进行了恶毒的攻击. * He has a savage temper. 他脾气暴躁. * The savage ruler ordered that the prisoner be executed. 那残暴的统治者命令将囚犯处死. (c) extremely severe 极严重的: * savage cuts in our budget 对我们的预算做的大幅度削减. 2 ( offensive 讳, 蔑) at an early stage of civilization; primitive 野蛮的; 未开化的: * savage tribes 这帮野蛮人. 派生： savage n ( offensive 讳, 蔑) savage(2) person 野蛮人; 野人: an island inhabited by savages 野蛮人居住的岛 * (derog or joc 贬或谑) Those children can be real little savages. 那些孩子简直是小野人. savage v [Tn] 1 attack (sb) savagely; maul 残暴地攻击（某人）; 残害: She was badly savaged by a mad dog. 她让疯狗咬得伤势很重. 2 (fig 比喻) criticize (sb/sth) severely 猛烈批评（某人[某事物]）: a novel savaged by the reviewers 遭评论家猛烈抨击的小说. savagely adv. savageness n [U] being savage 野性; 残酷; 野蛮. savagery[5sAvidVri; 5sAvidVri] n [U] savage behaviour 野蛮或残酷的行为: * treat prisoners with brutal savagery 残酷野蛮地对待囚犯.

savannah
(also savanna)[sE'vAnE; sE'vAnE] n [C, U] (expanse of) treeless grassy plain in tropical and subtropical regions （热带和亚热带的）无树大草原. Cf 参看 pampas, prairie, steppe, veld.

savant
[5sAvEnt; - sA'va:nt; sA'vant] n (fml 文) person of great learning 博学之士; 学者; 专家.

save
1[seiv; sev] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (from sth/doing sth) make or keep sb/sth safe (from harm, loss, etc) 救; 拯救; 援救; 保全（以免伤害、 损失等）: * save sb's life 救某人的命 * save sb from drowning 救溺水的人 * save a person from himself, eg from the results of his own foolishness 使某人免於自食恶果 * It was too late to save the sick woman, and she died. 病妇未获及时抢救而死亡. * Can the school be saved from closure? 能保全这所学校不致关闭吗? * She saved the set (ie at tennis) by winning the next game. 她因下一局获胜从而赢了这一盘（网球）比赛. 2 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (up) (for sth); ~ (with sth) keep (money) for future use; not spend 储存（钱）; 贮蓄: * It's prudent to save. 储蓄是有远见的. * save (up) for a new bike/to buy a new bike 攒钱买新自行车 * I save with (ie keep my savings in) the Brighton Building Society. 我把钱存在布赖顿房屋建 协会里. * save part of one's salary each month 把每月薪水存起一部分来. (b) [Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (for sb/sth) keep sth for future use; not use up sth completely 储存某物; 不将某物用完: * Don't eat all the cake now; save some for tomorrow. 现在别把蛋糕都吃了, 留些明天吃. * Save your strength for the hard work you'll have to do later. 留着点儿劲儿, 你一会儿还得干重活儿呢. * save one's eyes, ie protect one's eyesight, eg by not reading too much 保护视力 * Don't drink all the wine; save me some/save some for me! 别把酒喝光了, 给我留些! (c) [Ipr, Tn] ~ (on) sth avoid wasting sth 避免浪费某物; 节省; 节约: * save on time and money by shopping at the supermarket 到超级市场购物省时省钱 * save fuel by insulating one's house 给房子作隔热处理以节省燃料. 3 [Tn, Tg, Tsg, Dn.n] make (sth) unnecessary; make it unnecessary for sb to use sth, spend sth, etc 省去（某事物）; 使某人不必使用、 花费...:

save1
* Order the goods by phone and save (yourself) a journey. save2 /// * Disagreements threatened to wreck the peace talks, but the president's intervention saved the situation. 讲和谈判因意见分歧危如累卵, 而会长从中斡旋方转危为安. scrimp and save => scrimp. a stitch in time saves nine => stitch n. 派生： save n (in football, etc) act of preventing a goal from being scored （足球等）阻碍对方得分的动作, 救球. saver n 1 (a) person who saves 拯救者; 储蓄者; 储存者; 救星; 救球的运动员: Good news for all savers a rise in interest rates! 储蓄者的好消息--利率提高了! * a saver of souls, eg a priest 灵魂的拯救者（如牧师）. (b) (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) thing that saves 用以节省的装置: a boiler that is a good fuel-saver 非常节省燃料的锅炉. 2 (Brit) ticket, etc that costs less than the usual price 廉价的票、 券等: [attrib 作定语] an off-peak saver ticket 非高峰时期的优惠票. saving adj (idm 习语) a saving `grace thing that makes up for the poor qualities in sb/sth 可弥补某人[某事物]缺点的特质: He may be stupid and mean, but his one saving grace is his humour. 他虽说又愚蠢又吝啬, 但他有幽默的长处. -saving (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) that saves (save 1 3) the thing specified 节省的;节约的: Modern houses have many labour-saving devices, eg washing-machines, dishwashers, etc which make housework easier. 现代化的房屋有许多省力的设备（如洗衣机、 洗碗机等）. * energy-saving modifications 为节能做的改装. 复合： ,save-as-you-`earn n (abbr 缩写 SAYE) (dated 旧 Brit) method of saving one's money by having some of it deducted from one's salary each month 薪金扣存储蓄法.

saving
[5seiviN; 5seviN] n 1 [C] amount saved 节省或储存的量: * a useful saving of time and money 在时间和金钱方面有价值的节省 * big savings on fuel through greater efficiency 通过提高效率节省大量燃料. 2 savings [pl] money saved up 储蓄金; 存款; 积蓄: * keep one's savings in the bank 把储蓄的钱存在银行里. 复合： `savings account 1 (Brit) any type of bank account that earns more interest than a deposit account 储蓄帐户（可获利息高於定期存款帐户的任何类型的银行帐户）. 2 (US) any type of account that earns interest 储蓄帐户（可获利息的任何类型的帐户）. Cf 参看 current account (current1), deposit account (deposit2). `savings bank bank that pays interest on money deposited but does not provide other services for its customers 储蓄银行.

saviour
(US savior)[5seiviE(r); 5sevjl] n 1 person who rescues or saves sb from danger 救助者; 拯救者; 救星. 2 the Saviour, Our Saviour Jesus Christ 救世主（耶稣基督）.

savoir
faire

savory
[5seivEri; 5sevEri] n 1 [U] herb of the mint family used in cooking 香薄荷（用於烹饪的）. 2 [C] (US) = savoury n.

savour
(US savor)[5seivE(r); 5sevl] n [C, U] (pleasant) taste or flavour （美）味; 味道; 滋味; 风味: * soup with a slight savour of garlic 略带蒜味的汤 * meat that has lost its savour 已失去原有香味的肉 * (fig 比喻) His political views have a savour of fanaticism. 他的政治观点有些偏激. * Life seems to have lost some of its savour, ie its enjoyable quality. 生活中似乎已失去了一些值得享受的乐趣. > savour v 1 [Tn] enjoy the taste or flavour of (sth), esp by eating or drinking it slowly 欣赏（某物）的味道或风味（尤指慢慢地品嗜）: * savour the finest French dishes 品嗜最好的法国菜 * (fig 比喻) Now the exams are over, I'm savouring my freedom. 因为考试结束了, 我现在自由自在了. 2 (phr v) savour of sth (no passive 不用於被动语态) have a suggestion or trace of sth (esp sth bad) 有某种迹象或痕迹（尤指坏事）: * Her remarks savour of hypocrisy. 她说的话听起来有点儿虚伪.

savoury
(US savory)[5seivEri; 5sevEri] adj 1 (of food) having a salty or sharp flavour, not a sweet one （指食物）咸的, 辣的: * a savoury pancake 咸的烙饼. 2 having an appetizing taste or smell 开胃的（可口的或香喷喷的）. 3 (usu in negative sentences 通常用於否定句) morally wholesome or respectable 道德高尚的; 可敬的: * I gather his past life was not altogether savoury. 我猜想他过去的生活并非十分正派. Cf 参看 unsavoury . 派生： savoury (US savory) n (Brit) savoury(1) dish, usu served at the end of a meal 咸的或辣的食物（通常为一顿饭最後吃的）.

savoy
[sE'vCi; sE'vCi] n type of cabbage with wrinkled leaves 皱叶甘蓝.

savvy
[5sAvi; 5sAvi] n [U] (sl 俚) common sense; understanding 常识; 理解: * Where's your savvy? 你的常识到哪里去了? 派生： savvy v (pt, pp savvied) [I] (sl 俚) (usu in the imperative or present tense 通常用於祈使句或现在时态) understand; know 理解; 知道: Keep your mouth shut! Savvy? 闭上嘴! 懂吗? * No savvy, ie I do not know/understand. 我不知道[懂].

saw
1 pt of see1.

sax
[sAks; sAks] n (infml 口) = saxophone.

saxifrage
[5sAksifreidV; 5sAksEfredV] n [U] any of various Alpine or rock plants with white, yellow or red flowers 虎身草（生於高山或岩石间, 花呈白色、 黄色或红色）.

Saxon
[5sAksn; 5sAksn] n 1 [C] member of a people once living in NW Germany, some of whom conquered and settled in Britain in the 5th and 6th centuries 撒克逊人（早期居住在德意志西北部的人, 有些人於5世纪及6世纪时征服了不列颠而定居下来）. 2 [U] their language 撒克逊语. 派生： Saxon adj of this people or their language 撒克逊人的; 撒克逊语的: Saxon tribes, customs, grammar 撒克逊的部落、 习俗、 语法.

saxophone
[5sAksEfEun; 5sAksE7fon] (also infml 口语作 sax) n metal musical instrument played by blowing, with keys worked by the player's fingers, typically shaped like a long thin letter S and used mainly for jazz 萨克管（铜管乐器）: * a tenor/bass saxophone 次中音[低音]萨克管 * [attrib 作定语] a saxophone solo 萨克管独奏. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page x. 派生： saxophonist/sAk'sCfEnist; - 'sAksEfEunist;'sAksE7fonist] n saxophone player 萨克管吹奏者.

say
[sei; se] v (3rd pers sing pres t says/sez; sez] , pt, pp said/sed; sed] ) 1 ( a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tf, Dn.pr, Dpr.f, Dpr.w] ~ sth (to sb) tell sth (to sb), usu in words 说;讲: * Did you say `Please'? 你说‘请’这个字了吗? * `Hello!’ I said. ‘喂!’我说. * She said nothing to me about it. 这件事她完全没对我说过. * He said (that) his friend's name was Sam. 他说他朋友的名字叫山姆. * Everyone said how awful the weather was. 大家都说天气糟透了. * He finds it hard to say what he feels. 他觉得很难说出自己的感受. * She said to meet her here. 她说在这里与她见面. * I said to myself (ie thought), `That can't be right!’ 我心说, ‘这不对呀!’ * They say/It's said (ie People claim) that he's a genius. 据说他很有才华. * So you say, ie I think you may be wrong. 你是这麽说的（我认为你可能错了）. * Who said I can't cook? ie Of course I can! 谁说我不会做饭? * Be quiet, I've got something to say. 请安静, 我有话要说. * Having said that (ie Despite what I have just said), I agree with your other point. 我虽然这麽说, 我还是同意你的另一说法. * (euph 婉) If you damage the car, your father will have plenty to say about it, ie he will be angry. 你要是把汽车弄坏了, 你父亲非说你不可（他一定得生气）. (b) [Tn] pronounce (eg words one has learned) 念, 背诵（如学过的词语）: * say a short prayer 背诵简短的祈祷文 * Try to say that line with more conviction. 念这一行时, 要尽量带出坚定的语气. (c) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) make (thoughts, feelings, etc) clear to sb by using words, or else by gestures, behaviour, etc （用言语、 手势、 行为等）表达（思想、 情感等）: * This poem doesn't say much to me. 我体会不出这首诗好在什麽地方. * Just what is the artist trying to say in her work? 那艺术家在她的作品中究竟想表达什麽? * Her angry glance said everything. 她愤怒的目光足以说明了一切.

say1
(d) [no passive 不用於被动语态: * Tn, Tf, Tw,Tt] (of a book, sign, etc) give (information or instructions)（指书、 符号等）表示（信息或指示）: * a notice saying `Keep Out' 写有‘禁止入内’的告示 * The clock says three o'clock. 这个钟叁点了. * The law says (that) this is quite legitimate. 从法律上说, 这是合法的. * The book doesn't say where he was born. 书上没说他是在哪里出生的. * The guidebook says to turn left. 旅游指南上说向左转. =>Usage 见所附用法. 2 (a) [Tn, Tf, Tw] give (an opinion, answer, etc) 表明（看法、 意见等）: * I'll say this (for them), (ie I'll admit that) they're efficient. 我得（为他们）说句话, 他们很有能力. * I can't say I blame her for resigning, ie I think she was justified. 我不能说她辞职是错的（我认为她有她的道理）. * I would say he's right. 我认为他对. * My wife thinks I'm too fat what do you say? 我妻子认为我太胖--你说呢? * I say (ie suggest) we stay here. 我看我们就待在这里吧. * I wouldn't say they were rich, ie In my opinion they aren't rich. 我看他们算不上阔气. * Say all you want about her (ie Despite any criticism you can make), she's still a fine singer. 不管你怎麽说, 她唱得还算不错. * It's hard to say who it was. 很难说是谁. * There is no saying (ie Nobody knows) when the war will end. 谁也说不上战争什麽时候能结束. * `When will the meal be ready?’ `I couldn't say.’ ‘饭什麽时候做好?’‘我说不准.’ (b) [no passive 不用於被动语态: * Tn, Tf] suppose (sth) as an example or a possibility 假定; 比如说: * You could learn to play chess in, (let's) say, three months. 学下国际象棋要用, 比如说, 叁个月吧. * Let's take any writer, say(ie for example) Dickens... 咱们可以随便拿个作家为例, 比方说狄更斯... * Say you have an accident: * who would look after you? 假如你出了事故, 谁来照顾你呢?

say2
3 (idm 习语) before you can/could say Jack Robinson very quickly or suddenly 立刻; 马上; 一下子. easier said than done => easy2. ,go without `saying be very obvious or natural 不用说; 显而易见: * It goes without saying that I'll help you. 用不着说, 我一定帮助你. have a good word to say for sb/sth => word. have something, nothing, etc to `say for oneself be ready, unwilling, etc to talk, eg to give one's views or justify oneself 有话要说、 没话可说等（如表达自己的观点或作自我辩解）: * She hasn't got much to say for herself, ie doesn't take part in conversation. 她没什麽话说. * You've got too much to say for yourself, ie You think you are more interesting than you really are. 你有些自我标榜. * You've lost your games kit again what have you got to say for yourself? 你又把运动用具给丢了--看你还有什麽话好说? I dare say => dare1. `I'll say! (infml 口) yes indeed 当然; 的确: * `Does he come often?’ `I'll say! Nearly every day.’ ‘他常来吗?’‘可不! 差不多每天都来.’ I `must say (used when making a comment 用於作评论时): * Well that's daft, I must say! 依我看, 那可太蠢了! I say (dated 旧) (used to expresssurprise, shock, etc or (unstressed) to start a conversation用以表示惊讶、 震惊等; 若不重读时, 用以引起话题): * ,I`say! What a huge cake! 好家伙! 这麽大的蛋糕! * I say, can you lend me five pounds? 我说, 能借我五英镑吗? it says a `lot, very `little, etc for sb/sth (used to present a revealing fact about sb/sth 用以揭示关於某人[某事物]的事实): * It says a lot for her that she never lost her temper, ie It shows how patient she is. 她从没发过脾气, 这足以说明她多有耐性. * It doesn't say much for our efficiency that (ie We are not efficient because) the order arrived a week late. 定单晚了一个星期才到, 我们的工作效率未免说不过去了. I ,wouldn't say `no (to sth) (infml 口) used to show one wants sth, or to accept sth when it is offered 表示想要或接受某事物:

say3
* `Fancy some coffee?’ `I wouldn't say no.’ ‘想来点咖啡吗?’‘好哇.’ * I wouldn't say no to a pizza. 我想来块意大利饼. least said soonest mended (saying 谚) a particular situation will be most quickly remedied if nothing more is said about it 说得越少, 境况越好. the less/least said the better the best thing to do is to say as little as possible (about sth) 少说为妙. let us say for example 比如说; 例如. needless to say =>needless (need3). ,never say `die (saying 谚) don't give up hope 不可气馁; 不要泄气: * Never say die: * we might still get there on time. 别泄气, 我们仍有可能按时赶到那里. no sooner said than done => soon . not be saying much (used to point out that sth is not really remarkable 用以指出某事物没什麽了不起): * She's taller than me, but as I'm only five foot, that's not saying much. 她比我高, 可我只有五英尺, 不能说明她很高. not say boo to a goose be very or too timid or gentle 非常胆小或温顺: * He's such a nervous chap he wouldn't/couldn't say boo to a goose. 他很怯懦, 胆小如鼠. not say a dicky-bird (sl 俚) say nothing 不吭气; 不作声. not to say (used to suggest that a stronger way of describing sth is justified 用以表示退一步着想的让步关系): * a difficult, not to say impossible, task 这一任务即使不说办不到, 也得说是十分艰巨的. sad to say => sad. say/ be one's last word => last1. say no (to sth) refuse (an offer, a suggestion, etc) 谢绝（好意等）; 拒绝（建议等）: * If you don't invest in these shares, you're saying no to a fortune. 要是不买这种股票, 就是放着发财的机会都不要. ,say no `more (a) (used to interrupt sb when one wishes to react to what he is saying 用以打断某人的话以便插入自己的反应意见): * Say no more! How much do you wantto borrow? 别再说了! 你想借多少钱吧?

say4
(b) I understand what you mean 我明白你的意思: * `He came home with lipstick on his face.’ `Say no more!’ ‘他回到家时脸上还带着口红印呢.’‘我明白了!’ say one's piece say what one wants to say 说自己要说的话. Cf 参看 have one's say (say n). says `you (sl 俚) I do not believe what you say 我不相信你的话: * `I'll beat him.’ `Says you, you haven't got a chance!’ ‘我要把他打败.’‘我不信, 你决办不到!’ say `when (used to ask sb to show when one should stop doing sth, esp when one has poured enough to drink 在为对方做某事的过程中, 用以请求对方於满意时做出表示, 尤指已斟入不少饮料时). say the `word give an order; make a request 下命令; 提要求: * Just say the word, and I'll ask him to leave. 只要你开口, 我就叫他走. strange to say => strange . suffice it to say => suffice . to ,say the `least without any exaggeration 至少可以这样说; 不夸张地说: * I was surprised at what he said, to say the least. 毫不夸张地说, 我对他的话感到吃惊. to say nothing of sth without even mentioning sth 更不用说; 何况: * He had to go to prison for a month, to say nothing of the fine. 他得入狱一个月, 更不用说罚款了. that is to say in other words （也）就是说; 换言之; 即: * three days from now, that's to say Friday 叁天之後, 也就是说星期五. what do/would you say (to sth/doing sth)? would you like sth/to do sth? （对某事物[做某事物]）你觉得怎样?: * We'll go on holiday together. What do you say? 我们一起去度假吧. 你觉得怎麽样? * What do you say to going to the theatre tonight? 今晚去看戏, 你说好吗? * What would you say to a chocolate? 吃块巧克力吧? what/whatever sb says goes (infml 口) the specified person has total authority and must be obeyed 某人说了算; 照某人说的办: * My wife wants the kitchen painted white, and what she says goes. 我妻子要把厨房刷成白色的, 这事就得照她的意思办. you can say `that again I agree with you 我同意你的意见:

say5
* `She's a violent woman.’ `You can say that again. She's hit me more than once.’ ‘她是个悍妇.’‘你说得太对了. 她打我可不止一次了.’ you don't `say! (say6 /// * She told me nothing about herself, ie she gave me no information. 她没向我透露她个人的情况. Say is commonly used with direct speech *say多用以表达出直接引语: He said, `Goodnight,’ and went to bed. 他说了声‘晚安’, 就去睡觉了. Say and tell often report speech. *say和tell常用以表达间接引语. Tell must normally be followed by a personal direct object; say is used without a personal object *tell後面一般须有一表示人的直接宾语, 而say後则无表示人的宾语: He hasn't told me/said that he's leaving. 他还没告诉我[说]他要走. Tell sb + infinitive is used for commands *tell sb+不定式, 这一结构用以表达命令或指示: She told him to hurry up. 她叫他快点. 2 Speak and talk are used intransitively and transitively. *speak和talk既可用作不及物动词也可用作及物动词. They are often used with similar meaning, speak being more formal 这两个词的意思相近, 只是speak较为文些: Can I talk to Susan, please? 请问, 我和苏珊说句话行吗? * I'd like to speak to Mrs Jones, please. 劳驾, 我想和琼斯夫人说句话. Talk suggests that two or more people are having a conversation with each other, while speak is often used of one person addressing a group *talk指两人或两人以上相互交谈, 而speak常用以指一人讲大家听: We talked for hours about the meaning of life. 我们谈人生的意义谈了几个小时. * He spoke to the class about the dangers of smoking. 他给班上学生讲了吸烟的危害性.

SAYE
[7es ei wai 'i:; 7es e wai 'i] abbr 缩写 = (dated 旧Brit) (of a Post Office savings scheme) save-as-you-earn.

sc
abbr 缩写 = 1 (also Sc) scene: Act I Sc IV 第一幕第四场. 2 namely (Latin scilicet 源自拉丁文scilicet).

scab
[skAb; skAb] n 1 [C, U] dry crust formed over a wound or sore as it heals 痂. 2 [U] disease of skin or plants causing scab-like roughness 疥癣: * sheep-scab 羊疥癣. 3 [C] (infml derog 口, 贬) worker who refuses to join a strike or a trade union, or who takes the place of a striker; blackleg 拒绝参加罢工的工人; 拒不参加工会的工人; 顶替罢工者工作的人; 工贼. 派生： scabby adj (-ier, -iest) (a) covered with scabs (scab 1) 结痂的; 有痂的. (b) (sl derog 俚, 贬) contemptible 卑鄙的; 下贱的: You scabby liar! 你这个卑鄙的撒谎的人!

scabbard
[5skAbEd; 5skAbld] n cover for the blade of a sword, dagger or bayonet; sheath （剑、 匕首或刺刀的）鞘. =>illus at sword 见sword插图.

scabies
[5skeibi:z; 5skebiz] n [U] contagious skin disease causing scabs and itching 疥疮; 疥諰病.

scabious
[5skeibiEs; 5skebiEs] n [U] wild or cultivated plant with thick clusters of blue, pink or white flowers 山萝卜.

scabrous
[5skeibrEs; - 'skAb-; 5skAbrEs] adj (fml 文) 1 (of animals, plants, etc) having a rough surface （指动植物等）表面粗糙的, 不平滑的. 2 indecent; obscene 猥亵的; 淫秽的: * Her scabrous novels shocked the public. 她的小说淫秽不堪, 公众十分震惊.

scads
[skAdz; skAdz] n [pl] ~s (of sth) (US infml 口) large numbers or amounts 许多; 大量: * scads of money, people 许多钱、 人.

scaffold
[5skAfEuld; 5skAfold] n 1 frame made of long metal tubes put up next to a building so that builders, painters, etc can work on it, or to support a platform 脚手架; 建 架. 2 platform on which criminals are executed 绞架; 断头台: * go to the scaffold, ie be executed 上断头台. 派生： scaffolding[5skAfEldiN; 5skAfldiN] n [U] (materials for a) scaffold(1), eg poles and planks 脚手架; 搭脚手架的材料: * tubular scaffolding, ie metal tubes to be bolted together 管子脚手架.

scalar
[5skeilE(r); 5skell] n, adj (mathematics 数) (quantity) having size but no direction 标量（的）; 纯量（的）. Cf 参看 vector1.

scalawag
(US) = scallywag.

scald
[skC:ld; skCld] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] burn (oneself or part of one's body) with boiling liquid or steam （用沸腾的液体或蒸汽）烫伤（自己或自己身体的部位）: * scald one's hand with hot fat 热油把手烫伤 * She was scalded to death when the boiler exploded. 锅炉爆炸把她烫死了. 2 [Tn] heat (esp milk) almost to boiling-point 将（尤指奶）加热至接近沸点. 3 [Tn] clean (pans, etc) with boiling water 用沸水烫洗（锅等）. 派生： scald n injury to the skin from boiling liquid or steam （沸腾的液体或蒸汽对皮肤的）烫伤: an ointment for burns and scalds 治疗烧伤和烫伤的药膏. scalding adj hot enough to scald 滚烫的; 灼热的: scalding water, fat, etc 滚烫的水、 油等. adv extremely 极: scalding hot 极热.

scalene
[5skeili:n; 5ske7lin] adj (geometry 几) (of a triangle) having no two sides of equal length （指叁角形）不等边的, 不规则的.

scallion
[5skAliEn; 5skAljEn] n (US) = spring onion (spring2).

scallop
(also scollop)[5skClEp; 5skalEp] n 1 (a) shellfish with two fan-shaped shells 扇贝. (b) (also `scallop-shell) one shell of this used as a container in which food is cooked and served 扇贝壳（用以烤制及盛放食物的单扇壳）. 2 any one of a series of scallop-shaped curves cut on the edge of fabric, pastry, etc 扇形饰边. 派生： scallop (also scollop) v [Tn] 1 decorate (sth) with scallops (scallop 2) 用扇形饰边装饰（某物）: a scalloped hem 扇形的衣物饰边. 2 cook (eg oysters) in a scallop-shell 在扇贝壳里烤制（如牡蛎）.

scallywag
[5skAliwAg; 5skAli7wAg] (US scalawag[5skAlEwAg; 5skAlE7wAg] ) n (used playfully) person, esp a child, who behaves mischievously （戏谑用语）搞恶作剧的人（尤指儿童）: * You naughty little scallywag! 你这个小淘气鬼!

scalp
[skAlp; skAlp] n 1 skin of the head excluding the face 头皮（头顶及其周围的皮肤）: * dandruff flaking off one's scalp 从头皮上脱落下的头皮屑. 2 this and the hair rooted in it, formerly cut off a dead enemy as a trophy by some N American Indians 带发头皮（旧时北美印第安人取自敌人头颅作为战利品的）: * (fig 比喻) be after sb's scalp, ie want to punish, take revenge on sb, etc 想整治某人（惩罚、 报复等）. 派生： scalp v [Tn] take the scalp(2) from (an enemy) 剥（敌人）的头皮: (joc 谑) You've just about scalped me! ie cut my hair very short. 你把我的头发剪得真短!

scalpel
[5skAlpEl; 5skAlpEl] n small light knife used by surgeons 手术刀; 解剖刀.

scam
[skAm; skAm] n (US infml 口) dishonest scheme 骗局; 欺诈: * a betting scam 赌博骗局.

scamp
1[skAmp; skAmp] n (often used playfully) mischievous child （常作戏谑用语）顽皮的孩子: * That little scamp Jimmy has hidden my slippers again! 这个调皮的小吉米又把我的拖鞋藏起来了!

scamper
[5skAmpE(r); 5skAmpl] v [Ipr, Ip] run quickly and often playfully as children and some small animals do （儿童及某些小动物）奔跑, 蹦蹦跳跳: * scamper up the steps 蹦跳着上台阶 * The rabbit scampered away in fright. 兔子惊慌地跑了. =>Usage at scurry 用法见scurry. 派生： scamper n [sing] scampering movement; act of scampering 奔跑; 蹦蹦跳跳: a little scamper round the garden 在花园里绕着圈蹦蹦跳跳奔跑一阵.

scampi
[5skAmpi; 5skAmpi] n 1 [pl] large prawns 大虾. 2 [U] dish of these as food, usu fried in breadcrumbs 烹调的大虾（通常为裹面包屑炸的）: * have some scampi 吃些炸大虾.

scan
[skAn; skAn] v (-nn-) 1 Tn] look at every part of (sth) carefully; examine (sth) with great attention 细看（某物）的各部; 仔细检查（某物）: * He scanned the horizon, looking for land. 他细看天水相连的地方, 寻找陆地. 2 [Tn] (a) (of a searchlight, etc) pass across (an area) （指探照灯等）扫掠（某处）: * The flashlight's beam scanned every corner of the room. 手电筒的光束扫遍屋内各个角落. (b) (medical 医) obtain an image of (a body or part of the body) with a scanner 用扫描器扫描（身体或身体的部位）. 3 [Tn] glance at (eg a document) quickly but not very thoroughly 匆匆而粗略地看（如文件）: * She scanned the newspaper over breakfast. 她吃着早饭把报纸大略看了一遍. 4 (a) [Tn] analyse the metre of (a line of verse) by noting how it is stressed and how many syllables it has, as in `Mary / 5had a/`little/`lamb 划分（诗句）的音步（如`Mary/`had a/`little/`lamb.） (b) [I] (of verse) have a proper metrical pattern （指诗句）符合韵律: * a line that does not scan 一行不合韵律的诗句 * The verses scan well. 这些诗句韵律严谨. 5 [Tn] (in television, etc) pass an electronic beam over (sth), esp so as to produce a picture on a screen （电视等）扫描. 派生： scan n act of scanning (scan 2b) 扫描: a `body scan, ie done by a scanner 全身扫描 * a `brain scan 脑扫描. scanner n machine for scanning (scan 2b), esp one used by doctors, which uses a computer to give a picture of the inside of the body from a series of X-rays or other techniques 扫描器（尤指医疗用的）. scansion[5skAnFn; 5skAnFEn] n [U] scanning of verse; way in which verse scans 韵律分析; 韵律法.

scandal
[5skAndl; 5skAndl] n 1 (a) [C, U] (act, behaviour, etc that causes) public feelings of outrage or indignation 民愤; 公愤; 引起公愤的举动: * cause (a) scandal 激起民愤 * A series of corruption scandals led to the fall of the government. 一系列贪污腐化事件激起民愤导致政府垮台. * Her theft from the shop caused (a) scandal in the village. 她因偷商店的东西引起全村的义愤. (b) [sing] action, attitude, etc that is disgraceful or shameful 丑行; 丑事; 丑闻: * It is a scandal that the defendant was declared innocent. 宣判被告无罪, 这真是可耻的事. * The council's failure to act is a scandal. 市议会未能采取行动是一件丑闻. 2 [U] talk about the bad things people are thought to have done; gossip 流言蜚语; 闲话: * spread scandal 散布流言蜚语 * Most of us enjoy a bit of scandal. 我们大多愿意知道一点别人的坏事. * Have you heard the latest scandal? 你听到最近这段闲话了吗? 派生： scandalize, -ise[5skAndElaiz; 5skAndl7aiz] v [Tn] shock (sb) by sth immoral or outrageous 使（某人）愤慨或震惊: * scandalize the neighbours by sunbathing naked on the lawn 在草坪上作裸体日光浴教邻居触目惊心. scandalous[5skAndElEs; 5skAndlEs] adj 1 disgraceful; shocking 丢脸的; 令人震惊的: * scandalous behaviour, talk, books 令人愤慨的举止、 谈话、 书. 2 [attrib 作定语] (of reports or rumours) containing scandal(1a) （指报道或谣传）含有引起公愤内容的. scandalously adv. 复合： `scandalmonger[-mQNgE(r); -7mQNgl] n (derog 贬) person who spreads scandal(2) 传闲话的人. `scandalmongering[-mQNgEriN; -7mQNgEriN] n [U].

Scandinavian
[7skAndi'neiviEn; 7skAndE'neviEn] n, adj (native) of Scandinavia (ie Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Iceland) 斯堪的纳维亚的（人）（即丹麦、 挪威、 瑞典、 冰岛的）.

scansion
=> scan .

scant
[skAnt; skAnt] adj [attrib 作定语] (fml 文) hardly enough; not very much (used esp with the ns shown) 不足的, 缺少的（尤与下列示例中的名词连用）: * pay scant attention to sb's advice 不甚重视某人的劝告 * with scant regard for my feelings 不大理会我的感情. 派生：scanty adj (-ier, -iest) small in size or amount; hardly large enough （大小或数量）不足的, 勉强够大的: a scanty supply of soap 肥皂供应不足 * a scanty bikini勉强穿得下的比基尼泳装. scantily adv: scantily dressed穿得单薄. scantiness n [U].

scapegoat
[5skeipgEut; 5skep7got] n (also esp US fall guy) person who is blamed or punished for the wrongdoing of sb else 替罪羊: * I was made the scapegoat, but it was the others who started the fire. 是别人放的火, 让我背了黑锅.

scapula
[5skApjulE; 5skApjElE] n (anatomy 解) shoulder-blade 肩胛骨. =>illus at skeleton 见skeleton插图.

scar
[ska:(r); skar] n 1 mark left on the skin by a wound, sore, etc 伤痕; 疤: * Will the cut leave a scar? 这伤口能留下疤痕吗? * (fig 比喻) scars on the cupboard from burning cigarettes 香烟在柜橱上烧的痕迹. 2 feelings of great sadness, guilt, etc after an unpleasant experience （精神上的）创伤: * Her years in prison left a scar. 她在狱中的岁月留下了精神创伤. 派生： scar v (-rr-) 1 [Tn] leave a scar or scars on (sb) 给（某人）留下伤痕: a face scarred by smallpox 出过天花的脸 * (fig 比喻) scarred by the death of his daughter 他因女儿死亡精神受创. 2 [I, Ip] ~ (over) heal by forming a scar; form a scar or scars 痊愈（留下疤痕）; 结疤: Will the cut scar? 伤口能结疤吗? * The wound gradually scarred over. 伤口逐渐痊愈结了疤.

scarab
[5skArEb; 5skArEb] n 1 type of beetle regarded as sacred in ancient Egypt 圣甲虫（古埃及人奉为神圣的甲虫）. 2 carving of a scarab, worn as an ornament or a charm 甲虫形雕饰（作饰物或护符佩带）.

scarce
[skeEs; skers] adj 1 not easily obtained and much less than is needed 难获得而不足的: * scarce resources, supplies, etc 资源、 供应等不足 * It was wartime and food was scarce. 那时是战争时期, 食物短缺. Cf 参看 plentiful. 2 [pred 作表语] not often found; rare 稀有; 罕见: * This book is now scarce. 这书现在很难得. => Usage at rare1 用法见rare1. 3 (idm 习语) make oneself `scarce (infml 口) go away; avoid others 走开; 溜走; 不露面: * He's in a bad mood, so I'll make myself scarce. 他情绪不好, 我得躲着点. 派生： scarcity[5skeEsEti; 5skersEti] n [C, U] (instance of) shortage 不足; 缺乏: * frequent scarcities of raw materials 原料经常供不应求 * The scarcity of food forced prices up. 食物短缺促使价格上涨.

scarcely
[5skeEsli; 5skersli] adv 1 only just; hardly 仅仅; 几乎不: * There were scarcely a hundred people present. 出席的不足一百人. * I scarcely know him. 我不大认识他. * Scarcely had she entered the room when the phone rang. 她一进屋电话就响了. 2 surely not 决不: * You can scarcely expect me to believe that. 别以为我能相信那件事. =>Usage at almost 用法见almost.

scare
[5skeE(r); sker] v 1 (a) (also infml 口语作 scarify)[Tn] frighten (sb) 恐吓（某人）: * That noise scared me. 那响声把我吓坏了. (b) [I] (used esp with an adv 尤与副词连用) become frightened 受惊吓; 感到害怕: * He scares easily. 他动不动就害怕. 2 (idm 习语) frighten/scare the daylights out of sb => daylights. frighten/scare sb to death/out of his wits => frighten. scare sb `stiff (infml 口) make sb very nervous; alarm sb 使某人精神紧张; 惊吓某人: * The thought of my exams next week scares me stiff. 我一想到下星期要考试就很紧张. * He's scared stiff of women. 他一见女的就发慌. 3 (phr v) scare sb away/off make sb leave, stay away, etc by frightening or alarming him 将某人吓跑: * light a fire to scare off the wolves 点起火来把狼吓跑 * He scares people away by being so brash. 他狂妄自大把别人都吓跑了. scare sb into/out of sth/doing sth make sb do/not do sth by frightening him 吓得某人做[不敢做]某事: * They scared him into handing over the keys. 他们把他吓得交出了钥匙. * We'll scare her out of telling the police. 我们要把她吓得不敢报警. 派生： scare n sudden fright; alarm caused by a rumour, etc 惊恐; 恐慌: You did give me a scare, creeping up on me like that! 你那样悄悄地过来, 真把我吓了一大跳! * The explosion at the chemical factory caused a major pollution scare. 化工厂发生爆炸引起了害怕污染的巨大恐慌. * [attrib 作定语] a scare story, eg a newspaper report that spreads panic 引起恐慌的报道. scared adj ~ (of sb/sth); (of doing sth/to do sth) frightened 惊恐的; 恐惧的: I'm scared (of ghosts). 我害怕（鬼）. * scared of being attacked, to go out alone 害怕受到攻击、 独自外出 * a very scared man 吓怕了的人. scary[5skeEri; 5skeri] adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) causing fear or alarm 引起恐慌的: * a scary ghost story 吓人的鬼故事.

scare1
复合： `scarecrow n figure resembling a person that is dressed in old clothes and set up in a field to frighten away birds 稻草人. `scaremonger[-mQNgE(r); -7mQNgl] n (derog 贬) person who frightens people by spreading alarming news, rumours, etc 散布引起恐慌的消息、 谣言等的人.

scarf
[ska:f; skarf] n (pl scarfs/ska:fs; skarfs] or scarves/ska:vz; skarvz] ) piece of material worn for ornament or warmth round the neck or (by women) over the shoulders or hair 围巾; 头巾; 披肩.

scarify
1[5skArifai; 5skArE7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn] 1 loosen the surface of (soil, etc) by using a tool or machine with prongs 翻松（土地等）. 2 (medical 医) (in surgery) make small cuts in (skin, etc); cut off skin from (a part of the body) （外科）在（皮肤等）上做小切口或划痕, 割去（身体部位）的皮肤.

scarlet
[5ska:lEt; 5skarlEt] adj, n [U] bright red 猩红的; 鲜红的: * dressed all in scarlet 穿着一身鲜红的衣服 * She blushed scarlet when I swore. 她听到我骂街, 羞得脸通红. 复合： ,scarlet `fever infectious disease causing scarlet marks on the skin 猩红热. ,scarlet ` runner bean plant with scarlet flowers 红花菜豆. ,scarlet `woman (dated derog or joc 旧, 贬或谑) immoral woman; prostitute 荡妇; 妓女.

scarp
[ska:p; skarp] n steep slope; escarpment 陡坡; 悬崖.

scarper
[5ska:pE(r); 5skarpl] v [I] (Brit sl 俚) run away; leave 逃跑; 溜走: * Scarper! The cops are coming! 快跑! 警察来了!

scary
=> scare .

scat
[skAt; skAt] v (-tt-) [I] (usu imperative 通常用於祈使句) (infml 口) go away; leave 走开: * I don't want you here, so scat! 我这里用不着你, 走开!

scathing
[5skeiTiN; 5skeTiN] adj 1 (of criticism, ridicule, etc) severe; harsh （指批评、 嘲笑等）严厉的, 刻薄的: * a scathing remark, rebuke, etc 严厉的言语、 指责等 * a scathing review of a new book 对一本新书的尖锐评论. 2 [pred 作表语] ~ (about sb/sth) very critical (of sb/sth); scornful （对某人[某事物]）非常挑剔, 嘲笑: * The report was scathing about the lack of safety precautions. 该报道对缺乏安全预防措施一事严加指责.

scatology
[skA'tClEdVi; skA'talEdVi] n [U] (derog 贬) excessive interest in excrement or obscenity 过分对粪便或淫秽言行感兴趣. > scatological[7skA'tE'lCdVikl;7skAtE'ladVikEl] adj: * scatological conversation, humour 有淫秽言语的谈话、 幽默.

scatter
[5skAtE(r); 5skAtl] v 1 [I, Tn] (cause people or animals to) move, usu quickly, in different directions （使人或动物）散开: * The crowd scattered. 人群散开了. * The police scattered the crowd. 警察驱散了人群. 2 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] throw (sth) in different directions; put here and there 撒（某物）; 散布: * scatter seed (over the ground) 播种 * scatter grit on the road 把沙砾撒在路面上 * We scattered plates of food around the room before the party. 我们在聚会前把一盘盘食物摆放在屋中各处. * (fig 比喻) Don't scatter your money around. 别到处挥霍. (b) [Tn.pr] ~ sth with sth cover (a surface, etc) with sth by throwing it in different directions 将某物撒在（某物表面）上: * scatter the lawn with grass seed 把草籽撒在草坪上. 派生： scatter (also scattering[5skAtEriN; 5skAtEriN] n [sing] amount or number of things scattered; sprinkling 散布之物的数量; 少量: * a scatter of hailstones 稀疏的冰雹. scattered adj lying far apart; not close together 分散的; 稀疏的: a few scattered settlements 几处分散的居民点 * a thinly scattered population 散布得很稀疏的居民 * sunshine with scattered showers 晴朗, 间有零星阵雨. 复合： `scatter-brain n (infml 口) person who cannot concentrate on one thing for very long, is forgetful, etc 精神不集中的人; 健忘的人. `scatter-brained adj. NOTE ON USAGE : When we scatter something we throw it in different directions. *scatter指将某物向四面八方扔去. We can also scatter an area (the ground, a field, etc) with something 这个词也可指将某物撒在一处（地上、 田里等）: scatter seeds on the fields/scatter the fields with seeds 在田里播种[把种子撒在田地里]. Scatter over/about suggests that the throwing is done carelessly and causes a mess *scatter over/about指随便扔, 弄得乱七八糟: Who's scattered my papers all over the floor? 谁把我的文件扔得满地都是?

scatter1
* We came home to find our belongings scattered about the room. 我们回到家里看到东西扔得满屋都是. Strew is most commonly used in the past participle form strewn. *strew多见於其过去分词形式strewn. *It can suggest both intentional and careless throwing 这一动作既可为有意识的, 也可为随随便便的: The streets were strewn with flowers for the royal visit. 街道布满了花朵以迎接王室成员莅临. * There was litter strewn all over the pavement. 人行道上到处都是扔的垃圾. Sprinkle is used with water, sand, salt, etc and indicates intentional scattering, usually over a small area *sprinkle用以指 水、 撒沙子、 撒盐等, 且指有意识地散布在通常为一小块范围内: Sprinkle a little salt on the rice. 在米饭上撒点盐. * The priest sprinkled holy water on the baby's forehead. 神父把圣水 在婴儿的额头上. * The grass was sprinkled with dew. 草上沾满了露珠.

scatty
[5skAti; 5skAti] adj (-ier, -iest) (Brit infml 口) 1 mad; crazy 发疯的; 疯狂的: * The noise would drive anyone scatty. 那噪音简直能把人逼疯. 2 scatter-brained; absent-minded 精神不集中的; 心不在焉的: * Your scatty son has forgotten his key again. 你那儿子丢叁落四又把钥匙给忘了. > scattily adv. scattiness n [U].

scavenge
[5skAvindV; 5skAvindV] v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (for sth) (of an animal or a bird) search for decaying flesh as food; use decaying flesh for food （指兽或鸟）觅食腐肉, 以腐肉为食: * a crow scavenging for carrion 寻找腐肉吃的乌鸦. 2 [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (for) sth (of a person) search through waste for items that one can use （指人）在垃圾堆里寻找有用之物: * tramps scavenging throughdustbins 在垃圾堆里找东西的流浪汉 * a tramp scavengingin dustbins for food 在垃圾箱里寻找食物的流浪汉 * You can often scavenge nice bits of old furniture from skips. 从废物堆里往往能捡到一些挺好的旧家具. 派生： scavenger n animal, bird or person that scavenges 食腐肉的兽或鸟; 捡破烂的人.

SCE
[7es si: 'i:; 7es si 'i] abbr 缩写 = Scottish Certificate of Education 苏格兰教育证书.

scenario
[si'na:riEu; - -'nAr-; si'nAri7o] n (pl ~s) 1 written outline of a film, play, etc with details of the scenes and plot （电影、 戏剧等的）脚本、 剧情概要等. 2 imagined sequence of future events 想像中的未来事情的顺序: * a possible scenario for war 战争中可能出现的情况. 派生： scenarist/si'na:rist; - -'nAr-; si'nArist] n writer of scenarios 电影、 戏剧等的脚本的作者.

scene
[si:n; sin] n 1 place of an actual or imagined event （实际或想像中的）事发地点: * the scene of the accident, crime, etc 事故、 犯罪等的现场 * The scene of the novel is set in Scotland. 小说中的事是在苏格兰发生的. 2 situation or incident in real life （现实生活中的）情景, 事件: * the horrific scenes after the earthquake 地震後的惨状 * There were hilarious scenes when the pig ran into the shop. 猪闯进商店以後, 滑稽情景令人啼笑皆非. 3 (incident where there is an) outburst of emotion or anger 吵闹; 发脾气: * make a scene 大吵大闹 * There was quite a scene when she refused to pay. 她拒不付款引起了一场争吵. * We had a big scene when I fired him. 我解雇他时, 我们大吵起来. 4 (a) sequence of continuous action in a play, film, etc （戏剧或电影中的）片段, 场面: * The scene in the hospital was very moving. 在医院的那一场面十分感人. (b) (abbr 缩写 sc) part of an act in a play or opera; episode within such a part （戏剧或歌剧的）场, （一场中的）一段情节: * Act 1, Scene 2 of `Macbeth' 《麦克佩斯》第一幕第二场 * the duel scene in `Hamlet' 《哈姆雷特》中决斗的一场. 5 place represented on the stage of a theatre; the painted background, woodwork, etc representing such a place; scenery （舞台上的）场景, 布景: * The first scene of the play is the king's palace. 剧中的第一个场景是王宫. * The scenes are changed during the interval. 剧间休息时更换布景. 6 view as seen by a spectator 景色; 景象; 景致: * a delightful rural scene 赏心悦目的乡村景色 * The boats in the harbour make a beautiful scene. 港湾中的船只构成了美丽的景象. * They went abroad for a change of scene, ie to see and experience new surroundings. 他们出国换换环境. 7 the scene [sing] (modified by a n 受名词修饰) (infml 口) the current situation in a particular area of activity or way of life 某一活动范围或生活方式的现状:

scene1
* the `drug scene 吸毒问题的现状 * the `gay scene 同性恋活动的情况 * a newcomer on the `fashion scene 时装界的新人 * the entertainment scene in the West End of London 伦敦西区的娱乐场所. 8 (idm 习语) behind the `scenes (a) out of sight of the audience; behind the stage 在後台; 在幕後. (b) in secret; without being known to the public 秘密的; 暗中: * political deals done behind the scenes 秘密的政治交易. come on the `scene arrive 到场: * By the time I came on the scene, it was all over. 我来到时, 一切都结束了. not one's scene (infml 口) not sth one knows about, is interested in, etc 非某人所熟悉的事物; 非某人兴趣之所在: * I'm not going to the disco: * it's just not my scene. 我不想去跳迪斯科舞, 我完全不感兴趣. on the `scene present 在场: * Reporters were soon on the scene after the accident. 那事故发生後不久记者就都赶到了现场. set the `scene (for sth) (a) describe a place or a situation in which sth is about to happen 作事前的现场或情况描述: * Radio reporters were in the church to set the scene. 电台记者在教堂里作事前的现场介绍. (b) prepare for sth; help to cause sth 为某事物作准备; 促使: * His arrival set the scene for another argument. 他一来就要另有一场争论了. steal the scene/show => steal. 复合： `scene-shifter n person who changes the scenery in a theatre （剧场中）更换布景的人.

scenery
[5si:nEri; 5sinEri] n [U] 1 general natural features of an area, eg mountains, valleys, rivers, forests 景色; 风景; 风光: * mountain scenery 山景 * stop to admire the scenery 停下来欣赏风景. 2 furniture, woodwork, canvas, etc used on a theatre stage to represent the place of action 舞台布景. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page ix.

scenic
[5si:nik; 5sinik] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] 1 having or showing beautiful natural scenery 风景优美的: * the scenic splendours of the Rocky Mountains 落基山脉的壮丽景色 * a scenic route across the Alps 穿越阿尔卑斯山的风景优美的路径 * a scenic railway 游览小铁路. 2 of stage scenery 舞台布景的. > scenically[-klI; -klI/ adv.

scent
[sent; sent] n 1 (a) [U] characteristic smell of sth, esp a pleasant one （某物特有的）气味; （尤指）香味: * the scent of new-mown hay 新刈青草的气味 * Modern roses have no scent. 现在的玫瑰不香. (b) [C] particular type of smell 某种气味: * scents of lavender and rosemary 薰衣草和迷迭香的气味. 2 [U] (esp Brit) sweet-smelling (usu liquid) substance obtained from flowers, plants, etc; perfume 香精（通常为液体）; 香水: * a bottle of scent 一瓶香精 * put some scent on before going out 先搽点香水再出门 * [attrib 作定语] a `scent bottle 香水瓶. 3 (a) [C usu sing 通常作单数] smell left behind by an animal, that allows dogs, etc to track it （动物的）臭迹, 遗臭: * follow, lose, recover the scent 追踪、 失去、 重新发现臭迹 * a strong/hot scent, ie one that is easy for dogs to follow 强烈的[新留下的]臭迹 * a poor/cold scent, ie one that is difficult for dogs to follow 微弱的[时间久的]臭迹 * a false (ie misleading) scent 并非所追踪的臭迹. (b) [U] sense of smell, esp in dogs 嗅觉（尤指狗的）: * hunt by scent 藉嗅觉追猎. 4 [sing] ~ of sth feeling of the presence of sth 察觉出某事物: * a scent of danger, fear, trouble 察觉出有危险、 恐惧感、 麻烦事. 5 (idm 习语) on the scent (of sb/sth) likely to find sb/sth soon循某人[某事物]的线索: * The police are now on the scent of the culprit. 警方已获得罪犯的线索. put/throw sb off the `scent mislead sb, esp by giving him false information 使某人失去线索（尤指为其提供错误信息）: * The false alibi threw the police off the scent. 那个不在犯罪现场的伪证使警方失去了线索. 派生： scent v 1 [Tn] (a) discover (sth) by the sense of smell 嗅出（某物）的存在; 闻到（某物）: The dog scented a rat. 那狗嗅出有老鼠的气味. (b) (fig 比喻) begin to suspect the presence or existence of (sth) 怀疑有（某事物）; 觉察出: scent a crime 察觉出有犯罪的事

scent1
* scent treachery, trouble, etc 怀疑有背叛行为、 麻烦事等. 2 [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) give sth a certain scent 使某物有香味: scented notepaper, soap 有香味的信纸、 肥皂 * a handkerchief scented with lavender 用薰衣草薰香的手帕 * roses that scent the air 香味四溢的玫瑰.

scepter
(US) = sceptre.

sceptic
(US skeptic)[5skeptik; 5skeptik] n 1 person who doubts that a claim, statement, etc is true 持怀疑态度的人: * The government must still convince the sceptics that its policy will work. 政府仍须使持怀疑态度的人相信其政策可行. 2 person who does not think religious teachings are true 怀疑宗教教义的人. 派生： sceptical (US skep-)[-kl; -kl] adj ~ (of/about sth) unwilling to believe sth; often doubting that claims, statements, etc are true （对某事物）不肯相信的, 常怀疑的: * I'm rather sceptical about their professed sympathy for the poor. 他们声称同情穷人, 我对此有些怀疑. sceptically (US skep-)[-kli; -kli] adv. scepticism(US skep-)[5skeptisizEm; 5skeptE7sizEm] n [U] sceptical attitude 怀疑态度; 怀疑主义: * her healthy scepticism towards authority 她对权威所持的善意的怀疑态度 * reports treated with scepticism 受到怀疑的报道.

sceptre
(US scepter)[5septE(r); 5septl] n staff or rod carried by a ruler as a sign of royal power, eg at a coronation ceremony 王节, 权杖（象徵王权的标志, 如用於加冕仪式中）.

sch
abbr 缩写 = school.

schedule
[5Fedju:l; - 'skedVul; 5skedVul] n 1 [C, U] (a) programme of work to be done or of planned events 进度表; 预定计画表: * a factory production schedule 工厂生产进度表 * have a full schedule, ie have many things to do 预定计画表排得很满 * a project that is ahead of/on/behind schedule 提前[按期/未按期]完成的计画 * Everything is going according to schedule. 一切都在按预定计画进行. (b) = timetable (time1): * The fog disrupted airline schedules. 这场大雾扰乱了航空公司的时刻表. 2 list of items, etc 清单; 明细表; 一览表: * a spare parts schedule 零件一览表 * The attached schedule gives details of the shipment. 装运货物的细目见所附清单. 派生： schedule v [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.t] ~ sth (for sth) include sth in a schedule; arrange sth for a certain time 将某事列入进度表; 为某事安排时间: One of the scheduled events is a talk on flower arranging. 安排的活动中有一项是插花艺术讲座. * The sale is scheduled for tomorrow. 大减价定於明日举行. * She is scheduled to give a speech tonight. 她定於今晚演讲. * a scheduled flight, service, etc, ie one that an airline, etc organizes and carries out regularly 定期航班、 服务等.

schema
[5ski:mE; 5skimE] n (pl -mata[-mEtE; -mEtE] ) (fml 文) diagram or representation of sth 图表; 图解; 纲要; 概要.

schematic
[ski:'mAtik; ski'mAtik] adj in the form of a diagram or chart 图表的; 图解的: * a schematic representation of the structure of the organization 该组织结构的示意图. > schematically[-kli; -kli] adv.

scheme
[ski:m; skim] n 1 ~ (for sth/to do sth) (a) plan for doing or organizing sth 计画; 方案: * a scheme for manufacturing paper from straw 用麦秆造纸的计画 * an imaginative scheme to raise money 富创意的筹款方案 * a pension scheme 养老金方案. (b) secret or devious plan 阴谋; 诡计: * a scheme for not paying tax 逃税的诡计. 2 ordered system; arrangement 组合; 配合: * a `colour scheme, eg for a room, so that the colours in its decor match 色彩的调配. 3 (idm 习语) the `scheme of things the way things are or are planned 事物的规律; 安排: * In the scheme of things it is hard for small businesses to succeed. 一般来说, 小本生意较难做. 派生： scheme v 1 [I, Ipr, It] ~ (for sth/against sb) make (esp secret or devious) plans 策画; 图谋: rebels scheming for the overthrow of the leadership 图谋推翻领导的叛乱者 * They are scheming to get her elected as leader. 他们正策画让她当选领导. 2 [Tn] plan (sth) in a devious way 策画（某事）: Her enemies are scheming her downfall. 她的对头正在策画把她搞垮. schemer n person who schemes in a devious way 策画阴谋诡计的人. scheming adj often making devious schemes 常搞阴谋诡计的: scheming rivals 诡计多端的竞争对手.

scherzo
[5skeEtsEu; 5skertso] n (pl ~s) lively vigorous piece of music; such a passage in a larger work 诙谐曲.

schism
[5sizEm; 5sizEm] n [U, C] strong disagreement, esp in a religious organization over doctrine, in which one group stops recognizing the authority of the other 分歧; （尤指）教会分裂. 派生： schismatic/siz'mAtik; siz'mAtik] adj of or causing schism 分歧的, 造成分裂的（尤指教会）. n person who takes part in a schism 搞分裂的人; 分裂教会的人.

schist
[Fist; Fist] n [U] (geology 地质) any of various types of rock which split easily into thin plates 页岩; 片岩.

schizo
[5skitsEu; 5skitso] n (pl ~s) (infml often derog 口, 常作贬义) = schizophrenic (schizophrenia) n.

schizoid
[5skitsCid; 5skitsCid] adj resembling or suffering from schizophrenia 类精神分裂症的; 精神分裂样的. 派生： schizoid n schizoid person 有分裂性人格的人.

schizophrenia
[7skitsEu'fri:niE; 7skitsE'friniE] n [U] (medical 医) mental illness that causes the sufferer to act irrationally, have delusions, withdraw from social relationships, etc 精神分裂症. 派生： schizophrenic[7skitsEu'frenik; 7skitsE'frenik] adj 1 of or suffering from schizophrenia 精神分裂症的; 患精神分裂症的. 2 (infml 口) behaving in an odd way, esp when circumstances keep changing 行为古怪的（尤指於环境不断变化时）: * Living half the time in Oxford and half in Paris makes me feel quite schizophrenic. 我有一半时间住在牛津, 一半时间住在巴黎, 弄得我晕头转向. n (also infml often derog schizo 口语作schizo, 常作贬义) person suffering from schizophrenia or behaving in a schizophrenic way 精神分裂症患者; 行为古怪的人. schizophrenically[-kli; -kli] adv.

schmaltz
(also schmalz)[FmC:lts; FmClts] n [U] (infml 口) excessive sentimentality, esp in literature or music 过分感伤（尤指文学或音乐作品）. > schmaltzy (also schmalzy) adj (-ier, -iest).

schnapps
[FnAps; FnAps] n [U] strong alcoholic drink distilled from grain （谷物酿制的）烈酒.

schnitzel
[5Fnitsl; 5Fnitsl] n [C, U] (US) veal cutlet covered with breadcrumbs and fried in butter 炸小牛肉片（裹面包屑於黄油中炸成）.

scholar
[5skClE(r); 5skall] n 1 student who has been awarded money after a competitive exam, etc, to be used to finance his education 获奖学金的学生: * a British Council scholar 获英国文化协会奖学金的学生. 2 person who studies an academic subject deeply 学者: * a Greek, classical, history scholar 研究希腊问题的、 研究古典着作的、 研究历史的学者. 派生： scholarly adj 1 showing the learning, care and attention typical of a scholar 有学者风度的; 博学的; 好学的: be more scholarly in one's approach to a problem 在处理问题上更有学者风度 * a scholarly young woman 好学的女青年. 2 involving or connected with academic study 学术性的: a scholarly journal 学术刊物 * scholarly pursuits 学术研究.

scholarship
[5skClEFip; 5skall7Fip] n 1 [C] (award of a) grant of money to a scholar(1) 奖学金; 获得奖学金的资格: * win a scholarship to the university 获得该大学的奖学金. 2 [U] great learning; care and attention in carrying out scholarly work 学问; 学识; 学术成就: * a teacher of great scholarship 很有学问的教师 * The book shows meticulous scholarship. 这本书的写作态度很慎重.

scholastic
[skE'lAstik; skE'lAstik] adj 1 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (fml 文) of schools and education 学校的;教育的; 学业的: * my scholastic achievements, eg examination passes, prizes 我的学习成绩. 2 of scholasticism 经院哲学的; 烦琐哲学的. > scholasticism/skE'lAstisizEm; skE'lAstE7sizEm] n [U] system of philosophy taught in the universities in the Middle Ages, based in theological dogma （中世纪的）经院哲学, 烦琐哲学.

school
1[sku:l; skul] n 1 [C] (a) institution for educating children 学校: * `primary and `secondary schools 小学和中学 * `Sunday schools 主日学校 * attend a good school 上一所好学校 * the use of computers in schools 学校中计算机的使用 * [attrib 作定语] a school bus, building, report 校车、 校舍、 学生成绩报告单. (b) institution for teaching a particular subject 专科学校: * `art school 艺术学校 * secre`tarial school 秘书专科学校. 2 [C] (US) college or university 学院; 大学: * famous schools like Yale and Harvard 像耶鲁、 哈佛这样的着名大学. 3 [U] (used without the 不与冠词the连用) (a) process of being educated in a school1(1a) 上学: * I hate school! 我讨厌上学! * two more years of school 再上两年学 * old enough for/to go to school 到了上学年龄 * the school-`leaving age, ie the age until which children must attend school 中学毕业的年龄 * Are you still at school? 你还在上学吗? * He left school when he was sixteen. 他十六岁时中学毕业了. (b) time when teaching is done in a school; lessons 上课时间; 上课: * meet friends before school 上课前会见朋友 * School begins at 9 am. 上午9点钟上课. * There will be no school (ie no lessons) tomorrow. 明天不上课. * Will you come for a walk after school? 放学後你愿意来散散步吗? =>Usage 见所附用法. 4 the school [sing] all the pupils or all the pupils and teachers in a school 全校学生; 全校师生: * The head teacher told the school at assembly. 校长在全校学生大会上讲话. * Soon, the whole school knew about her win. 不久, 全校师生都知道她获胜了. 5 [C] department of a university concerned with a particular branch of study 大学的院、 系: * the `law, `medical, `history school 法学院、 医学院、 历史系 * the School of `Dentistry 牙医学系. 6 [C] course, usu for adults, on a particular subject 专门学科课程（通常指为成人设的）:

school1
* a `summer school for music lovers 音乐爱好者暑期班. 7 [C usu sing 通常作单数] (infml 口) experience or activity that provides discipline or instruction 锻炼; 磨炼: * the hard school of adversity 逆境的磨炼. 8 [C] group of writers, thinkers, etc sharing the same principles or methods, or of artists having a similar style 学派; 流派: * the Dutch, Venetian, etc school of painting 荷兰、 威尼斯等绘画流派 * the Hegelian school, ie of philosophers influenced by Hegel 黑格尔学派. 9 [C] group of card-players, gamblers, etc 一伙玩纸牌的人、 赌徒等: * a `poker school 一伙打扑克的人. 10 (idm 习语) one of the old school => old. a school of `thought group of people with similar views 有类似观点的一批人; 学派: * I don't belong to the school of thought that favours radical change. 我不属於激进派. teach school => teach. 派生： school v [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.t] ~ sb/sth (in sth) train, discipline or control sb/oneself/an animal 训练、 磨练或控制某人[自己/动物]: school a horse 训练马 * school oneself in patience/to be patient 培养自己的忍耐力 * a child who is well-schooled in good manners 有教养懂礼貌的孩子. schooling n [U] education 教育: He had very little schooling. 他没受过什麽教育. * Who's paying for her schooling? 谁在供她读书? 复合： `school age age between starting and finishing school 学龄: a child of school age 学龄儿童. `schoolboy n boy at school （中小学的）男生: [attrib 作定语] a schoolboy joke, prank, etc （中小学）男生的玩笑、 恶作剧等. `school-days n [pl] time when sb is at school 学生时代. `schoolfellow (also `schoolmate) n member of the same school, either now or in the past 同学; 校友. `schoolgirl n girl at school （中小学的）女生. `schoolhouse n building of a school, esp a small one in a village 校舍（尤指乡村的小校舍）.

school2
,school-`leaver n person who has recently left school 中学毕业生. `schoolman[-mEn; -mEn] n (pl -men) teacher in a university in the Middle Ages, esp one teaching scholastic philosophy （中世纪大学里的）教师（尤指教经院哲学的）. `school-marm[5sku:lma:m; 5skul7marm] n (infml 口) 1 (esp US) schoolmistress （中小学的）女教师. 2 (derog or joc 贬或谑) woman who is domineering, prim or easily shocked 专横、 古板或大惊小怪的女子. `schoolmaster n (fem 阴性作 `schoolmistress) teacher in a school (in Britain, esp one in a private school) （中小学）教师（在英国, 尤指私立学校教师）. `schoolmate n = schoolfellow. `schoolteacher n teacher in a school （中小学）教师. NOTE ON USAGE : When a school, hospital, etc is being referred to as an institution, we do not use the definite article after a preposition 当school、 hospital等词指机构时, 在介词後不加定冠词: She went to school/university/college in York. 她在约克上学. * He's coming out of hospital on Friday. 他星期五要出院了. * She's been sent to prison for a year. 她入狱已经一年了. When we are talking about the place as a building, the definite article is used 这类词若用以指建 物所在地, 前面就要加定冠词: We went to the school to discuss our daughter's progress. 我们去学校谈谈女儿的进步情况. * I saw her coming out of the hospital/the church. 我看见她从医院[教堂]出来.

schooner
[5sku:nE(r); 5skunl] n 1 type of sailing-ship with two or more masts and sails set lengthways rather than from side to side 斯库纳纵帆船（两桅或多桅的纵帆船）. 2 (a) (Brit) tall glass for sherry （盛雪利酒的）大玻璃杯. (b) (US) tall glass for beer （盛啤酒的）大玻璃杯.

schwa
[Fwa:; Fwa] n (phonetics 语音) 1 sound occurring in unstressed syllables and diphthongs in English, eg the `a' in `about' 非重读央元音, 混元音（英语里出现在非重读音节和复合元音中的中性元音, 如about中的a）. 2 phonetic symbol for this,/E; E] 国际音标中的 / E/.

sci
fi

sciatic
[sai'Atik; sai'Atik] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (anatomy 解) of the hip or of the sciatic nerve, which goes from the pelvis to the thigh 臀部的; 坐骨神经的. 派生： sciatica/sai'AtikE; sai'AtikE] n [U] pain in or near the sciatic nerve 坐骨神经痛.

science
[5saiEns; 5saiEns] n 1 (a) [U] organized knowledge, esp when obtained by observation and testing of facts, about the physical world, natural laws and society; study leading to such knowledge 科学; 科学研究: * an interest in science 对科学的爱好 * a man of science 科学家 * Science is an exact discipline. 研究科学可以锻炼人思维严谨. (b) [C, U] branch of such knowledge 某一门科学; 学科: * the natural sciences, eg biology and geology 自然科学（如生物学和地质学） * the physical sciences, eg physics, chemistry 自然科学（如物理学、 化学） * the study of social science 对社会科学的研究. (c) [U] these sciences taken as a whole 自然科学（统称）; 理科: * I prefer science to the humanities. 我喜爱自然科学, 不喜欢人文科学. * more funding for science in the universities, ie for the work of those studying it 为大学的理科多提供些经费 * [attrib 作定语] a science teacher, textbook, subject 理科教师、 教科书、 科目. Cf 参看 art1 3. 2 (a) [U] skill of an expert 专门技术或技巧: * In this game, you need more science than strength. 在这项比赛中, 技巧比力气更重要. (b) [sing] activity needing this 需运用技巧的活动: * Getting these children to do what you want is a science, I can tell you! 我敢说, 要做到让这些孩子百依百顺那可是一门艺术! 3 (idm 习语) blind sb with science =>blind2. 派生： scientist[5saiEntist; 5saiEntist] n expert in or student of one or more of the natural or physical sciences 自然科学家; 研究自然科学的人. 复合： ,science `fiction (also infml 口语作 sci-fi) fiction often based on future or recent scientific discoveries, and dealing with imaginary worlds, space travel, or life on other planets 科学幻想小说.

scientific
[7saiEn'tifik; 7saiEn'tifik] adj 1 (a) [attrib 作定语] of, used in or involved in science 科学的; 用於科学研究的; 关於科学的: * a scientific discovery, instrument, textbook, researcher 科学发现、 科学仪器、 理科教科书、 科学研究人员. (b) using methods based on those of science 采用科学方法的: * scientific farming 科学种田 * They are very scientific in their approach. 他们的方法很科学. 2 having, using or needing skill or expert knowledge 具有、 采用或需要技术或专门知识的: * a scientific player, game 有专门技术的选手、 需要技巧的游戏. > scientifically[-kli; -kli] adv.

scimitar
[5simitE(r); 5simEtl] n short curved sword with one sharp edge, formerly used by Arabs, Persians, Turks, etc 短弯刀（旧时阿拉伯人、 波斯人、 土耳其人等用的）. =>illus at sword 见sword插图.

scintilla
[sin'tilE; sin'tilE] n (idm 习语) not a scintilla of sth (fml 文) not the slightest amount of sth 一点儿也没有: * not a scintilla of truth in the claim 这种说法中没有丝毫的真实性 * not a scintilla of evidence to prove it 没有一点儿证据可以证实此事.

scintillate
[5sintileit; - -tEleit; 5sintl7et] v 1 [I] give off sparks; sparkle 发出火花; 闪烁: * diamonds scintillating in the candlelight 在烛光下闪烁的钻石. 2 [I, Ipr] (fig 比喻) be brilliant, witty, etc 焕发才智: * scintillate with wit 才智敏锐. 派生： scintillating adj brilliant and witty 焕发才智的: scintillating repartee 机敏的应答 * You were scintillating on TV last night. 您昨晚在电视上妙语如珠. scintillation[7sinti'leiFn; - -tl'eiFn; 7sintl'eFEn] n [U].

scion
[5saiEn; 5saiEn] n 1 (fml 文) young member of a family, esp a noble one 子孙, 後裔（尤指贵族的）. 2 shoot of a plant, esp one cut for grafting or planting 幼枝; 幼芽; （尤指）接穗.

scissors
[5sizEz; 5sizlz] n 1 [pl] cutting instrument with two blades, pivoted in the middle, which cut as they come together 剪刀; 剪子: * a pair of scissors 一把剪刀 * Scissors won't cut through wire. 剪刀剪不断铁丝. 2 (idm 习语) scissors and `paste (of articles, books, etc) compiled from parts of others （指文章、 书籍等）从其他文章或书上剪辑拼凑而成的: * [attrib 作定语] the programme's a real scissors-and-paste job. 这个节目真可谓是东拼西凑的.

sclerosis
[sklE'rEusis; skli'rosis] n [U] (medical 医) condition in which there is abnormal hardening of soft tissue, eg the walls of the arteries 硬化（症）（如动脉硬化）.

SCM
[7es si: 'em; 7es si 'em] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) State Certified Midwife 国家注册助产士: * be an SCM 是国家注册助产士 * Janet Cox SCM 珍妮特．考克斯国家注册助产士.

scoff
1[skCf; - skC:f; skCf] v I, Ipr] ~ (at sb/sth) speak contemptuously (about or to sb/sth); jeer or mock 嘲弄; 嘲笑: * Don't scoff: * he's quite right. 别讥笑, 他没错. * scoff at other people's beliefs 嘲笑别人的信仰. 派生： scoff n (usu pl 通常作复数) scoffing remark; taunt 嘲弄的话; 嘲笑: She ignored the scoffs of her workmates. 她对同事的嘲弄不屑一顾. scoffer n person who scoffs 嘲弄者; 嘲笑者. scoffingly adv.

scold
[skEuld; skold] v [I, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth/doing sth) express anger, criticism, etc, esp to a child; rebuke sb 骂, 责骂（尤指对儿童）; 叱责某人: * If I walk in with muddy boots, Dad always scolds (me). 我的靴子上要是有泥, 一进屋爸爸就骂（我）. * Did you scold her for breaking it? 她把那件东西打破了, 你骂她了吗? 派生： scold n (dated 旧) person who scolds 爱骂人的人. scolding n: give sb/get a scolding for being late 因迟到叱责某人[受到叱责].

scollop
= scallop.

scone
[skCn; - skEun; skon] n soft flat cake of wheat flour or barley meal baked quickly 司康饼, 烤饼（用小麦面或大麦面快速烘烤的）.

scoop
[sku:p; skup] n 1 (a) deep shovel-like tool used for picking up and moving grain, flour, sugar, coal, etc （铲谷物、 面粉、 糖、 煤等的）铲状工具, 铲子, 勺. (b) similar small tool with a round bowl, used eg for serving ice-cream 圆形小勺（如用以舀冰激凌的）. 2 (a) (infml 口) movement made with, or as if with, a scoop 铲; 舀: * After three scoops the jar was nearly empty. 舀了叁勺後, 罐子就快空了. (b) (also scoopful) amount picked up by a scoop 一铲或一勺的量: * two scoops of mashed potato 两勺土豆泥. 3 (a) piece of news made public by a newspaper, radio station, etc before its rivals 抢先报道的新闻. (b) (commerce 商) large profit made by acting before one's competitors do 抢先赚得的巨额利润. 派生： scoop v 1 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (out) make (a hole, etc) with, or as if with, a scoop 用铲、 勺等挖（洞等）: scoop a hole in the sand 用铲子在沙子上挖洞. 2 [Tn] (a) act before (a rival, etc) to get a scoop(3a) 抢在（对手等）之前报道新闻: She scooped all the national newspapers to get the story. 她抢在全国各报之前发表了这一消息. (b) get (news, a profit, etc) as a scoop(3b) 抢先获得（新闻、 利润等）: He scooped 1000 in the lottery. 他在抽彩中捷足先登赢得1000英镑. 3 (phr v) scoop sth out/up lift sth with, or as if with, a scoop 铲起; 舀出: He scooped the coins up in his hands. 他用手把硬币捧了起来.

scoot
[sku:t; skut] v [I, Ipr, Ip] (esp in commands and in the infinitive 尤用於命令句和不定式) (infml joc 口, 谑) run away quickly 赶快跑开: * Get out of here! Scoot! 躲开这儿! 快走开! * You'll have to scoot or you'll be late. 你快跑吧, 不然就要迟到了. * She scooted (off) down the road after them. 她沿路飞奔追赶他们.

scooter
[5sku:tE(r); 5skutl] n 1 (also `motor-scooter) light motor cycle, usu with small wheels, a low seat and a metal shield protecting the driver's legs 小型摩托车. =>illus at motor 见motor插图. 2 toy vehicle with two wheels, which a child moves forward by pushing against the ground with one foot 踏板车（儿童游戏用具, 有双轮, 一脚蹬地一脚踏板行进）.

scope
[skEup; skop] n 1 [U] ~ (for sth/to do sth) opportunity to do or achieve sth （做某事物的）机会, 馀地: * a job with (a lot of) scope for self-fulfilment 有机会（充分）发挥自己的能力的工作 * a house with some scope for improvement 尚可改进的房子. 2 [sing] range of matters being dealt with, studied, etc （处理、 研究事物的）范围: * Does feminist writing come within the scope of your book? 你这本书是否涉及到女权主义内容? * This subject is outside the scope of our inquiry. 这个问题不在我们探讨的范围之内.

scorch
[skC:tF; skCrtF] v 1 (a) [Tn] burn or discolour (a surface) by dry heat 将（物体表面）烫焦、 烫猵胡或烫得变色: * I scorched my shirt when I was ironing it. 我把衬衫烫猵胡了. (b) [I] (of a surface) be burned or discoloured in this way （指物体表面）烧焦、 烫猵胡或烫得变色: * The meat will scorch if you don't lower the gas. 你不把煤气调小一点肉就猵胡了. 2 [Tn] cause (a plant) to dry up and wither 使（植物）枯萎: * The lawn looked scorched after days of sunshine. 草坪晒了几天以後好像有些枯萎了. 3 (phr v) scorch off, away, down, etc (sl 俚) go in the direction specified at a very high speed 疾驶: * motor-cyclists scorching down the road 沿路疾驶的摩托车手. 派生： scorch (also `scorch-mark) n mark made on a surface (esp cloth) by scorching 焦痕（尤指布上的）. scorcher n (Brit infml 口) 1 very hot day 炎热的天: Whew! It's a real scorcher today! 哟! 今天可太热了! 2 remarkable thing, esp a fast ball at cricket, tennis, etc 绝妙的事物; （尤指板球、 网球等的）快球: The bowler let go a couple of scorchers. 投球手投出了几个快球. scorching adj very hot 极热的: a scorching day 炎热的天 * It's scorching outside. 外面骄阳似火. adv extremely 极其: scorching hot 极热. 复合： scorched `earth policy policy of destroying anything that may be useful to an advancing enemy 焦土政策.

score
1[skC:(r); skCr] n 1 [C] (a) number of points, goals, etc made by a player or team in a game, or gained in a competition, etc （比赛中一方得的）分数: * a high/low score 高[低]分 * make a good score of 50 points 获得50分的好成绩 * What's my score? 我得了多少分? * [attrib 作定语] a score-keeper, score-sheet 记分员、 记分单. =>App 4 见附录4. (b) number of points made by both players or teams in such a game, etc （比赛中双方得的）分数, 比分: * keep the score, ie keep a record of the score as it is made 记分数 * The final score was 4-3. 最後的比分是4比3. (c) number of marks gained in a test, examination, etc （考试、 测验得的）分数: * a score of 120 in the IQ test 智商测验中获得的120分. 2 [C] cut, scratch or scrape on a surface 刻痕; 划痕: * deep scores on the rock, eg made by a glacier 岩石上深深的凹痕（如冰川留下的） * scores made by a knife on the bark of a tree 用刀在树皮上划的痕迹. 3 [sing] (dated infml 旧, 口) amount of money owed, eg in a restaurant 欠帐, 欠款（如於餐馆中）: * pay the score at the hotel 付旅店费.4 (a) [C] (pl unchanged 复数不变) set or group of twenty 二十: * a score of people 二十人 * three score and ten, ie 70 七十. (b) scores [pl] very many 很多: * `How many people were there?’ `There were scores (of them).’ ‘那里有多少人?’‘有很多（人）.’ 5 [C] (a) written or printed version of a piece of music showing what each instrument is to play or what each voice is to sing 总谱; 乐谱: * the piano score of the opera, ie with the orchestra's music arranged for a piano 歌剧中的钢琴乐谱. (b) music for a film, play, etc （电影、 戏剧等的）配乐: * a stirring film score by William Walton 由威廉．沃尔顿创作的感人的电影配乐. 6 (idm 习语) know the score => know. on more scores than `one for many good reasons 由於许多原因; 为了许多理由:

score1
* I want revenge against her on more scores than one. 我有种种理由要向她报复. on `that score with regard to that; as far as that is concerned 关於那一点; 为了这一点: * You need have no worries on that score. 你不必担心那件事. pay/settle an old score => old. 复合： `score-board n board on which a score (eg at cricket) is shown 记分牌（如板球的）. `score-card n card on which a score is recorded 记分卡.

scorn
[skC:n; skCrn] n 1 [U] ~ (for sth) strong contempt 鄙视; 轻蔑: * be filled with scorn 十分鄙视 * dismiss a suggestion with scorn 对一建议不屑一顾 * He had nothing but scorn for my ideas. 对於我的想法他嗤之以鼻. 2 [sing] the ~ of sb (fml 文) person or thing that is treated with scorn by sb 受某人鄙视的人或事物: * She was the scorn of her classmates. 她常受同学们的鄙视. 3 (idm 习语) laugh sb/sth to scorn =>laugh. pour scorn on sb/sth => pour . 派生： scorn v 1 [Tn] feel or show scorn for (sb/sth) 鄙视（某人[某事物]）: As a professional painter, she scorns the efforts of amateurs. 她是专业画家, 看不起业馀画家的创作. 2 (a) [Tn] refuse (sth) proudly 傲慢地拒绝（某事物）: scorn sb's invitation, advice, offer 轻蔑地回绝某人的邀请、 劝告、 好意. (b) [Tt, Tg] (fml 文) reject (sth one is too proud to do) 不屑做（某事）: scorn to ask for help 不屑於求助 * He scorns telling lies. 他鄙夷说谎的行为. scornful[-fl; -fEl] adj showing or feeling scorn 鄙视的; 轻蔑的: * a scornful remark, smile, look, gesture, etc 鄙夷的言语、 微笑、 神情、 姿势等 * scornful of the greed of others 看不起别人那麽贪心. scornfully[-fEli; -fEli] adv.

Scorpio
[5skC:piEu; 5skCrpi7o] n 1 [U] the eighth sign of the zodiac, the Scorpion 天 宫（黄道第八宫）. 2 [C] (pl ~s) person born under the influence of this sign 属天 宫星座的人. =>illus at zodiac 见zodiac插图. 派生： Scorpian n, adj. =>Usage at zodiac 用法见zodiac.

scorpion
[5skC:piEn; 5skCrpiEn] n small creature of the spider group with lobster-like claws and a poisonous sting in its long jointed tail 子.

Scot
[skCt; skat] n native of Scotland 苏格兰人: * (The) Scots are an adventurous and inventive people. 苏格兰人既富於冒险精神又富於创造精神.

scot
free

Scotch
[skCtF; skatF] adj 1 (also Scots) of Scottish people 苏格兰人的. 2 (also Scottish, except in certain fixed combinations 除用於固定词组外, 亦作 Scottish) of Scotland 苏格兰的. =>Usage at Scottish 用法见Scottish. 派生： Scotch n (a) [U] Scotch whisky 苏格兰威士忌. (b) [C] type of this 苏格兰威士忌类的酒: only the best Scotches 上好的苏格兰威士忌. (c) [C] glass of this 一杯苏格兰威士忌: Have a Scotch! 喝一杯苏格兰威士忌! 复合： Scotch `broth soup or stew containing pearl barley and vegetables 苏格兰浓汤. Scotch `cap man's wide beret, esp as worn with Highland costume 苏格兰男子戴的无边帽. Scotch `egg boiled egg enclosed in sausage meat 苏格兰式鸡蛋（外裹香肠肉先煮後炸的）. Scotch `tape (US propr 专利名) transparent adhesive tape made of cellulose or plastic 透明胶带. Cf 参看 Sellotape. Scotch `terrier small terrier with rough hair and short legs 苏格兰雷狗. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page iii. Scotch `whisky type of whisky distilled in Scotland 苏格兰威士忌.

Scotland Yard
[7skCtlEnd 'ja:d; 5skatlEnd'jard] headquartersof the London police, now officially called New Scotland Yard; its Criminal Investigation Department 伦敦警察厅（现称New Scotland Yard新伦敦警察厅）; 伦敦警察厅侦缉处: * They called in Scotland Yard, ie asked for the help of this Department. 他们向伦敦警察厅侦缉处报了案. * Scotland Yard is/are investigating the crime. 伦敦警察厅正在对该罪案进行调查.

Scottish
[5skCtiF; 5skatiF] adj of Scotland, its people or its dialect of English 苏格兰的; 苏格兰人的; 苏格兰英语的. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Compare Scottish, Scots and Scotch. 试比较Scottish、 Scots、 Scotch这叁个词. The adjective Scottish is used of the people and things of Scotland, Scots only of its people, its law and language. *Scottish这一形容词用以指苏格兰的人和事物, 而Scots则仅指苏格兰的人、 法律和语言. Scotch is mainly used of certain products such as whisky and broth. *Scotch主要用於某些产品, 如苏格兰的威士忌和汤. It is sometimes used for Scottish or Scots, but this is generally regarded as offensive or old-fashioned by Scottish people themselves. *Scotch这个词有时用以代替Scottish或Scots, 但苏格兰人本身普遍认为这是侮辱性的或是旧式用法. The noun Scots refers to the Scottish dialect of the English language and Scotch is whisky. *Scots作名词时, 指英语中的苏格兰方言或称苏格兰英语; Scotch则专指苏格兰威士忌. A native of Scotland is a Scot (or Scotsman/woman). 苏格兰本土的人称作Scot（或Scotsman/woman）.

scoundrel
[5skaundrEl; 5skaundrEl] n person who has no moral principles and no conscience; villain 无赖; 恶棍.

scour
1[5skauE(r); skaur] v 1 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (out) make the dirty surface of sth clean or bright by rubbing it with sth rough 将某物刷净或擦亮: * scour the pots and pans 把壶和锅刷乾净 * scour out a saucepan, ie with a scourer 擦亮长柄锅 * scour the pipe (out) 把烟斗掏乾净. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (out) (of a river, etc) clear out or make (a channel, etc) by flowing at high speed （指河流等）冲刷成（水道等）: * The torrent scoured a gully down the hillside. 那急流顺山坡而下冲出一条水沟. 3 (phr v) scour sth away/off remove (dirt) by rubbing with sth rough 擦掉, 刷去（污垢）: * scour the grease off (the floor) 刷掉（地板上的）油渍. 派生： scour n [sing] act of scouring 刷; 擦; 冲刷: give the pan a good scour 把锅好好刷刷. scourer[5skauErE(r); 5skaurl] n (a) [C] pad of stiff nylon or wire used for scouring saucepans, etc 刷锅等用的尼龙丝或金属丝. (b) [U] powder for this 去污粉.

scourge
[skE:dV; skEdV] n 1 whip for flogging people （用以打人的）鞭子. 2 (fig 比喻) person or thing that causes suffering 造成灾难的人或事物: * The new boss was the scourge of the inefficient. 新老板来了以後, 不称职的人就遭殃了. * the scourge of war 战争的苦难. 派生： scourge v [Tn] 1 flog (sb) with a scourge 鞭打（某人）. 2 (fml 文) cause (sb) to suffer 使（某人）受痛苦: scourged by guilt 受内疚的煎熬.

scout
[5skaut; skaut] n 1 person, ship or aircraft sent out to get information about the enemy's position, strength, etc 侦察员; 侦察舰; 侦察机. 2 Scout (also formerly 旧时作 Boy `Scout) member of the Scout Association, an organization which aims to teach boys self-reliance, discipline and public service through outdoor activities 童子军: * [attrib 作定语] a scout troop, hut 童子军的部队、 营房. Cf 参看 Girl Guide (girl). 3 person whose job is to find talented performers (eg footballers, stage artists, etc) and offer them work 物色（运动员、 演员等）人材的工作人员: * a `talent scout 物色演员或运动员的人. 4 servant at an Oxford college 牛津大学的校工. 派生： scout v [Ipr, Ip] ~ around/about (for sb/sth) 1 look in various places to find sb/sth 到处寻找某人[某事物]: We'd better start scouting about for a new secretary. 我们最好着手物色一个新秘书. * I've been scouting around town for a better house. 我跑遍了全城想找个好一点的房子. 2 act as a scout(1) 侦察: scouting around (looking) for enemy troops 到各处侦察寻找敌军. 复合： `scoutmaster n person who leads a troop of Scouts 童子军队长.

scowl
[skaul; skaul] n bad-tempered or angry look on the face 怒容. 派生： scowl v [I, Ipr] ~ (at sb/sth) look (at sb/sth) with a scowl 怒视（某人[某物]）: The receptionist scowled at me. 接待员横眉怒目地看着我. =>Usage at smirk 用法见smirk.

Scrabble
1[5skrAbl; 5skrAbl] n [U] (propr 专利名) game in which words are built up on a board marked with squares, using letters printed on blocks of wood, etc 一种拼字游戏: * be good at Scrabble 擅长拼字游戏 * [attrib 作定语] a Scrabble board, player, tournament 拼字游戏板、 参加者、 比赛.

scrag
[skrAg; skrAg] n 1 (also ,scrag-`end) [C, U] bony part of a sheep's neck, used for making soups and stews 羊颈肉（用以煮汤和炖食）: * buy a ,scrag-end of `mutton 买羊颈肉 * a bit of scrag 一小块羊颈肉. 2 [C] skinny person or animal 皮包骨的人或动物. 派生： scrag v (-gg-) [Tn] 1 strangle or hang (sb) 勒或吊（某人）. 2 (infml 口) treat (sb) roughly 粗暴对待（某人）: Alan's always getting scragged at school. 艾伦在学校里总受欺负. scraggly adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口 esp US) rough, untidy or irregular 散乱的; 不整齐的; 不规则的: scraggly weeds 蓬乱的杂草. scraggy adj (-ier, -iest) (derog 贬) thin and bony 瘦的; 皮包骨的: a scraggy neck 瘦脖子. scragginess n [U].

scram
[skrAm; skrAm] v (-mm-) [I] (esp in commands and in the infinitive 尤用於命令句和不定式) (sl 俚) go away quickly 快走开: * Scram! I don't want you here! 走开! 别呆在这儿! * Tell those boys to scram. 叫那些男孩子快走开.

scramble
[5skrAmbl; 5skrAmbl] v 1 [Ipr, Ip] climb or crawl quickly, usu over rough ground or with difficulty; clamber 攀登; 爬: * scramble up the embankment 爬上堤岸 * The girl scrambled over the wall. 那个女孩儿翻过了墙. * The children scrambled out of the hollow tree. 孩子都从树洞里爬出来了. 2 [I, Ipr, It] ~ (for sth) struggle or compete with others, esp to get sth or a share of sth 争夺, 竞争（尤指为得到某事物）: * players scrambling for possession of the ball 争着抢球的运动员 * The children scrambled for the coins. 孩子们争夺硬币. * They were all scrambling to get the bargains. 他们都争先恐後抢购廉价货. 3 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) mix (things) together in an untidy way; jumble sth up 将（东西）乱混在一起; 搅乱某事物: * Who has scrambled up my sewing things? 谁把我的针线活儿弄乱了? 4 [Tn] mix the whites and yolks of (eggs) together while cooking them in a saucepan with milk and butter （用牛奶和黄油）炒（蛋）. 5 [Tn] change the way (a telephone conversation, etc) sounds by altering the wave frequency, so that only sb with a special receiver can understand it 扰频或倒频使（电话通话等）只可由有特殊接收器的人收听. 6 [I, Tn] (cause a military aircraft to) take off suddenly, eg to repel an enemy raid （使军用飞机）紧急起飞. 派生： scramble n 1 [sing] climb or walk done with difficulty or over rough ground 攀登; 爬行: a scramble over the rocks at the seashore 攀登海边的岩石. 2 [sing] ~ (for sth) rough struggle (to get sth) 争夺; 抢夺: There was a scramble for the best seats. 大家都在抢最好的座位. 3 [C] motor-cycle race over rough ground 摩托车越野赛. scrambler[5skrAmblE(r); 5skrAmbll] n device for scrambling telephone conversations, etc 扰频器; 倒频器.

scrap
1[skrAp; skrAp] n 1 (a) C] small, usu unwanted, piece; fragment 碎片; 碎屑; 小块: * scraps of paper, cloth, wood, etc 纸片、 布头、 木屑 * (fig 比喻) Only a few scraps of news about the disaster have emerged. 那场灾祸的情况只获知一些零星的消息. (b) scraps [pl] items of left-over food 剩下的食物: * Give the scraps to the dog. 把剩下的东西喂狗吧. 2 [U] waste or unwanted articles, esp those still of some value for the material they contain 废弃材料（尤指其中仍有些价值的）: * sell an old car for scrap, ie so that any good parts can be used again 把旧汽车当废弃材料卖掉 * A man comes round regularly collecting scrap. 有个男子按时来收破烂. * [attrib 作定语] scrap iron 废铁 * a scrap (metal) merchant 收破烂（金属）的人 * a scrap car 报废的汽车. 3 [sing] (usu with a negative 通常与否定词连用) small amount of sth 少量; 一点儿: * There's not a scrap of truth in the claim. 这种说法毫无真实性. * `Does he have evidence to support this?’ `Not a scrap!’ ‘他有证据证明此事吗?’‘完全没有!’ 派生： scrap v (-pp-) [Tn] throw away (sth useless or worn-out) 抛弃, 抛掉（无用的或用坏的东西）: scrap a car, ship, bicycle, etc 遗弃报废的汽车、 船、 自行车等 * (fig 比喻) Lack of cash forced us to scrap plans for a new house. 我们现款不足, 只好打消买新房子的念头. scrappy adj (-ier, -iest) 1 made up of bits and pieces; not well organized; not complete 零碎拼凑起来的; 杂乱的; 不完全的: a scrappy book consisting of articles published elsewhere 把别处发表过的文章拼凑一起而成的书 * It was a scrappy, rambling speech. 那篇讲话杂乱无章, 毫无条理. 2 (US infml 口) liking quarrels; aggressive 爱吵架的; 好争斗的. scrappily[-ili; -ili] adv. scrappiness n [U]. 复合： `scrap-book n book with blank pages in which newspaper cuttings, etc are pasted 剪贴簿; 剪报资料簿.

scrap1
`scrap-heap n scrape /// 1/skreip; skrep] v 1 (a) [Tn, Tn.p, Cn.a] ~ sth (down/out/off) make (a surface, etc) clean, level or smooth by drawing a sharp tool or sth rough across it 擦净, 削平, 磨光（某物）: * scrape the floor with a stiff brush 用硬毛刷子刷地板 * scrape out a sticky saucepan 把锅垢刮掉 * scrape the walls clean 把墙擦乾净 * She is scraping the path clear of snow. 她正在把路上的积雪铲掉. (b) [Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth from/off sth; ~ sth away/off remove (mud, grease, paint, etc) in this way 除掉（泥、 油渍、 油漆等）: * scrape the rust off (sth) 把刮掉 * scrape paint from a door 铲掉门上的油漆. 2 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (against/on/along/sth) injure or damage sth by rubbing with sth rough, sharp, etc 擦伤或刮坏某物: * I fell and scraped my knee. 我跌倒时擦伤了膝盖. * I scraped the side of my car against a wall. 我的汽车车身蹭墙划坏了. (b) [Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth from/off sth; ~ sth away/off remove (skin, paint, etc) accidentally in this way 擦伤, 刮坏（皮肤、 油漆等）: * She's scraped the skin off her elbow. 她把胳膊肘的皮肤擦破了. * I must have scraped some of the paint off when I was parking the car. 我准是停放汽车的时候刮掉了一些油漆. 3 [Ipr, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) against/along/on sth (cause sth to) rub against sth （使某物）擦着某物: * Bushes scraped against the car windows. 矮小的树擦着了汽车的窗户. * The ship's hull scraped along the side of the dock. 船行时船身擦着码头的边. * Don't scrape your feet on the floor. 别用脚蹭着地板. 4 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (out) make sth by scraping 刮成或挖成某物: * scrape a hole (out) in the soil for planting 挖个土坑栽种. 5 (idm 习语) bow and scrape => bow2. pinch and save/scrape => pinch. scrape (up) an ac`quaintance with sb (infml 口) get to know sb not very well andwith difficulty 挖空心思与某人结识: * I slowly scraped (up) an acquaintance with my neighbours. 我慢慢设法认识了邻居. scrape (the bottom of) the `barrel use the least satisfactory items or people available 勉强使用现有的物品或人:

scrape1
* We had to scrape the barrel to get a full team, and then we lost 6-1. 我们勉强凑成一个队, 结果以6比1输了. scrape a `living earn with difficulty just enough to live on 勉强维持生活: * I manage to scrape a living by selling my pictures. 我靠卖画 口. 6 (phr v) scrape along/by (on sth) manage to live with difficulty 勉强活下去: * I can just scrape along on what my parents give me. 我靠父母扶养勉强过活. scrape in; scrape into sth get in/into (eg a job or a school) with difficulty 勉强获得（工作）; 勉强进入（学校）: * She just scraped into university with the minimum qualifications. 她刚刚及格, 勉强进了大学. scrape through (sth) succeed with difficulty in doing sth, esp in passing an exam 勉强做成某事物; （尤指）勉强及格: * She only just scraped through the test. 她测验勉强及格. scrape sth together/up obtain sth with difficulty, or by being careful 费力地或小心翼翼地获得某事物: * We scraped together an audience of fifty for the play. 我们张罗来五十个观众看这出戏. * Can you scrape up enough money for a holiday? 你能凑够了钱去度假吗? 派生： scraper n tool used for scraping, eg for scraping mud from one's shoes 刮刀; 刮削器. scraping n (usu pl 通常作复数) small bit produced by scraping 刮屑: scrapings from the bottom of the pan 从锅底刮下的碎屑.

scrappy
=> scrap1.

scratch
1[skrAtF; skrAtF] v 1 (a) I, Ipr, Tn] make marks on or in (a surface) with a sharp tool, nails, claws, etc; make a shallow wound in (the skin) in this way 刮, 划, 抓（物体表面或皮肤）（呈现伤或痕）: * That cat scratches. 那只猫爱用爪子乱抓. * The dog is scratching at the door. 狗正在抓门. * The knife has scratched the table. 刀子把桌子划出了道子. * She won't scratch you. 她不会把你抓伤的. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] make (sth) by scratching 抓、 划或刮等而成（某状态）: * scratch a line on a surface 在物体表面划出一条线 * scratch (out) a hole in the soil 在土里挖（出）一个洞 * He'd scratched his name in the bark of the tree. 他把名字刻在树皮上了.2 [I, Tn] scrape or rub (the skin), esp with the nails to relieve itching 挠或擦（皮肤）; （尤指）搔痒: * Stop scratching (yourself). 别再搔痒了. * Scratching the rash will make it worse. 丘疹越挠越坏. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (on sth) get (oneself or a part of the body) scratched by accident 使（自己或身体某部）意外划伤: * She scratched herself badly while pruning the roses. 她修剪玫瑰花时把自己划伤了一大片. * He's scratched his hand on a nail. 他的手让钉子刮破了. 4 [I] make an unpleasant scraping sound 发出刮或擦的声音: * My pen scratches. 我的钢笔在写字时发出刮纸声. 5 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sb/sth) (from sth) withdraw (sb/sth) from competing in a race, competition, etc （使自己[某物]）退出比赛: * I had to scratch (from the marathon) because of a bad cold. 我患了重感冒, 只好退出马拉松比赛. * The horse had to be scratched (from its first race). 只好把那匹马撤出了（第一场比赛）. 6 (idm 习语) scratch one's `head think hard in a puzzled way about what to do or say 挠头; 伤脑筋; 费思量: * We've been scratching our heads for a solution to the problem. 我们一直苦苦思索, 想找到解决这一问题的方法. scratch the `surface (of sth) treat a subject or deal with a problem without being thorough 对待或处理一问题不深入彻底:

scratch1
* This essay is so short that it can only scratch the surface of the topic. 这篇文章很短, 只能对这一问题作肤浅的探讨. * The famine is so bad, aid can only scratch the surface. 荒十分严重, 援助也只是杯水车薪. ,you scratch `my back and ,I'll scratch `yours (saying 谚) you help me and I'll help you, esp in an unfair way 你给我搔背, 我也给你搔背（你帮我, 我也帮你, 尤指不正当的事）: * The contract went to a friend of the chief accountant: * it's (a case of) you scratch my back and I'll scratch yours. 承包合同批给了总会计师的朋友, （可谓）各有好处、 串通一气. 7 (phr v) scratch about (for sth) search here and there using sth sharp, one's nails etc （用尖物、 指甲等）各处抓挠寻找: * The monkey scratched about in its mate's fur for fleas. 那只猴子在另一只猴子身上找跳蚤. scratch sth away, off, etc remove sth by scratching 刮去某物: * scratch the paint away from the lock 把锁头上的油漆刮掉. * scratch the rust off the wheel 把轮子上的锈刮掉 * I'll scratch your eyes out! 我要把你的眼睛挖出来! scratch sth out (of sth) erase sth by scratching with sth sharp 用尖物划掉某物: * Her name had been scratched out of the list. 她的名字已从名单上划掉了. scratch sth together/up = scrape sth together/up (scrape1). scratch sth up get sth out of the ground by scratching 从地上刮出某物: * The dog scratched up a bone in the garden. 那条狗在花园里刨出一根骨头. 复合： `scratch pad (esp US) pad of scrap paper 便条纸簿. `scratch paper (US) = scrap paper (scrap1).

scrawl
[skrC:l; skrCl] v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] 1 write or draw (sth) in an untidy, careless or unskilful way 写或画（某内容）（不工整、 不仔细或无技法）: * Who's scrawled all over the wall? 是谁把墙画得这麽难看? * She scrawled a few words on a postcard. 她在明信片上草草地写了几个字. 2 make (meaningless or illegible marks) on sth 在某物上乱画（无意义或无法辨认）: * The baby scrawled on the table-top. 那小孩儿在桌上乱画. 派生： scrawl n 1 [sing] untidy or unskilful handwriting 潦草的笔迹: the typical doctor's scrawl 医生惯常的潦草笔迹 * I could hardly read her childish scrawl. 我简直认不出她那歪七扭八的字. 2 [C] piece of such writing; scrawled note or letter 潦草的文字或便条、 书信: Her signature was an illegible scrawl. 她的签字潦草难辨.

scrawny
[5skrC:ni; 5skrCni] adj (-ier, -iest) (derog 贬) not having much flesh; scraggy 瘦的; 皮包骨的: * the scrawny neck of a turkey 火鸡的瘦脖子. =>Usage at thin 用法见thin.

scream
[skri:m; skrim] v 1 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p, Tf, Cn.a] ~ (sth) (out) (at sb); ~ (with sth) give a long piercing cry of fear, pain or excitement; cry (sth) in this way （因恐惧、 痛苦或兴奋）尖声喊叫; 喊出: * Those cats have been screaming for hours. 那些猫叫了半天了. * She screamed (out) (at me) in anger. 她愤怒地（对我）尖声喊叫. * The fans screamed with excitement when they saw him. 球迷一看见他都激动得大喊大叫. * We all screamed with laughter, ie laughed noisily. 我们都大笑起来. * `Help!’ she screamed. 她高声喊叫‘救命啊!’ * He screamed (out) that there was a fire. 他叫嚷失火了. * The baby was screaming himself red in the face. 那小孩儿哭叫得脸都红了. =>Usage at shout 用法见shout. 2 [I] (of the wind, a machine, etc) make a loud piercingsound （指风、 机器等）发出大而尖的声音: * The hurricane screamed outside. 外面飓风呼啸着. * I pressed the accelerator until the engine screamed. 我猛踩油门踏板, 发动机发出了尖利的声音. 3 (phr v) scream past, through, round, etc move quickly with a loud, piercing sound 尖叫着移动: * The wind screamed through the trees. 风呼啸着穿过树林. * Racing cars screamed past. 汽车赛车呼啸而过. 派生： scream n 1 [C] loud shrill piercing cry or noise 大而尖的声音: the screams of tortured prisoners 犯人受折磨时的尖叫声 * a scream of pain, laughter, excitement, etc 痛苦、 大笑、 激动等时的尖叫声. 2 [sing] (infml 口) person or thing that causes laughter 令人大笑的人或事物: He's an absolute scream. 他非常滑稽. * The play's a scream. 这个剧十分可笑. screamingly adv enough to cause screams of laughter 极其可笑: screamingly funny 滑稽得令人大笑.

scree
[skri:; skri] n [U, C] (area on a mountainside covered by) small loose stones, which slide when trodden on 山坡上的碎石（地带）; 岩屑堆.

screech
[skri:tF; skritF] v 1 I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (out) (at sb) give a harsh high-pitched cry; call out (sth) in such a way 尖叫; 尖声喊出: * screech (out) in pain 痛苦地尖叫 * monkeys screeching in the trees 在树丛中尖叫的猴子 * old ladies screeching hymns 用尖声唱着赞美诗的老妇人 * The child screeched insults at us. 那孩子尖着嗓子骂我们. 2 [I] make a harsh high-pitched sound 发出尖利的声音: * The brakes screeched as the car stopped. 汽车停下时刹车发出尖利的声音. * The gate screeched as it opened. 大门打开时发出刺耳的声音. 3 (phr v) screech along, past, through, etc move with a loud harsh high-pitched sound 发出大而尖利的声音移动: * jets screeching over the house-tops 在房顶上呼啸而过的喷气式飞机 * screech to a halt 发出尖利的声音停下. 派生： screech n [sing] screeching cry or sound 尖利刺耳的声音: the screech of tyres, eg when a car is cornering fast 轮胎发出的刺耳声音（如汽车急转弯时）. 复合： `screech-owl n type of owl that makes a screeching cry, rather than a hoot 鸣角 .

screed
[skri:d; skrid] n 1 [C] long (and usu uninteresting) speech or piece of writing 冗长的（通常为乏味的）讲话或文字. 2 [C, U] layer of cement, mortar, etc spread over a floor to make it smooth 找平层（铺在地面上的水泥砂浆等的）.

screen
[skri:n; skrin] n 1 [C] upright, fixed or movable, sometimes folding framework used for dividing a room, concealing sth, protecting sb from excessive heat, light, etc 隔板; 屏; 幕; ; 帐: * a screen in front of the fire 炉前的隔板 * get undressed behind a screen 在屏风後脱衣服. 2 [C] anything that conceals sb or sth or gives protection, eg from the weather 掩蔽物: * a screen of trees, eg hiding a house from a road 树林形成的屏障 * use the blanket as a screen to keep the wind off 用毯子挡风 * a `sunscreen, ie used to protect the skin from harmful rays from the sun 防晒剂（保护皮肤用的） * He was using his business activities as a screen for crime. 他用生意活动作掩护干着犯罪的勾当. 3 [C] (esp in old churches) wood or stone structure that partially separates the main part of a church from the altar, or the nave of a cathedral from the choir （尤指旧教堂的）圣坛屏幕, 唱诗班屏幕. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page viii. 4 (a) [C] blank surface onto which still pictures or films are projected 银幕. =>illus 见插图. (b) [C] blank surface, esp on a TV or computer monitor, on which pictures or data are shown 屏幕, 荧光屏, 荧屏（尤指电视机或计算机的）. (c) (often 常作 the screen) [sing] the film industry or cinema films 电影业; 电影界; 电影: * write for the screen, ie write the dialogue for films 为电影写对白 * a star of stage and screen, ie appearing in plays and films 戏剧兼电影明星 * I work for both the big and the small screen, ie for both films and TV. 我从事影视工作. * [attrib 作定语] a screen actor, performance, writer 电影的演员、 上演、 脚本作者. (d) [C] cinema, esp one that is part of a complex of cinemas 电影院（尤指影院集中区的）: * Two smaller screens will be opening in May. 五月份将有两家小型电影院开业. 5 [C] frame with fine wire netting to keep out flies, mosquitoes, etc 纱门、 纱窗等:

screen1
* a `door-screen 纱门 * a `window-screen 纱窗. 6 [C] large sieve or riddle used for separating coal, gravel, etc into different sizes by passing it through holes of different sizes （筛煤、 砾石等的）筛子. 7 [C] = sight-screen (sight1). 8 (idm 习语) the silver screen => silver. 派生： screen v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth/sb (off) (from sth/sb); ~ sth/sb (against sth) conceal, protect or shelter sth/sb with a screen （用隔板、 屏、 幕等）隐藏、 掩护或遮蔽某物[某人]: The bushes will screen us while we change. 我们用灌木丛遮挡着换衣服. * The trees screen the house from view. 有这些树隔着看不见那所房子. * The camera lens must be screened from direct sunlight. 照相机的镜头不可受到阳光的直射. * The wall screens us against the wind. 这堵墙能给我们挡风. * A bookcase screens off part of the room. 有个书柜把房间隔开了一部分. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from sth/sb) (fig 比喻) protect sb (from blame, punishment, etc) 保护某人（不受责备、 惩罚等）; 包庇; 袒护: Everyone's angry with you, and I can't screen you (from their anger). 大家都生你的气, 我无法护着你. * You can't screen your children from real life for ever. 不能总护着孩子不让他们接触实际生活. 3 Tn] pass (coal, gravel, etc) through a screen(6) 筛（煤、 砾石等）. 4 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (for sth) examine or test sb/sth to find out if there is any disease, defect, etc 检查或测试某人[某事物]（有无疾病、 缺陷等）: screen women for breast cancer 检查女子是否患有乳腺癌 * The applications were carefully screened in case any of them contained false information.仔细审查了所有的申请资料以防弄虚作假. * Government employees are often screened by the security services, ie Their past history is checked, to ensure that they are not likely to be disloyal or subversive. 政府雇员经常受到保安部门审查.

screen2
5 [Tn] show (a film, scene, etc) on a screen(4a) 放映（影片、 片段等）: The film has been screened in the cinema and on TV. 这部电影已在电影院及电视上放映. screening n showing of a film, TV programme, etc （电影、 电视等的）放映: the film's first screening in this country 该影片在本国之首映. 复合： `screenplay n script for a film 电影剧本. `screen test test to see if sb is suitable to appear in a cinema film 试镜头（以挑选电影演员）.

screw
[skru:; skru] n 1 [C] metal pin with a slot or cross cut into its head, and a spiral groove around its shaft, that can be turned and forced into wood, metal, etc so as to fasten and hold things together 螺丝钉; 螺钉; 螺丝. 2 [C] (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) thing that is turned like a screw and is used for tightening, gripping, etc 螺旋状物: * tighten the screw on a fruit press 旋紧水果榨汁机的螺丝 * a `corkscrew, ie for taking corks out of bottles 瓶塞钻（拔软木瓶塞用的）.3 [C] act of turning; turn 拧; 转动: * The nut isn't tight enough yet: * give it another screw. 螺母不太紧, 再拧一下吧. =>illus 见插图. 4 [C] propeller, esp of a ship or motor boat 螺旋桨（尤指船的）: * a twin-screw cruiser 双螺旋桨的机动游艇. 5 [C] (dated 旧 esp Brit) small twisted piece of paper and its contents （拧口的）小纸包及所盛之物: * a screw of salt, tea, tobacco, etc 一小纸包盐、 茶、 烟草等. 6 [sing] (Brit sl 俚) salary or wages 薪水; 工资: * be on/be paid a good screw 薪水挣得不少. 7 [C] (Brit sl 俚) prison warder 监狱看守. 8 [sing] ( sl 讳, 俚) (a) act of sexual intercourse 性交: * have a screw with sb 与某人性交. (b) partner in sexual intercourse 性交的对象: * be a good screw 是个性交的好对象. 9 (idm 习语) have a `screw loose be slightly mad or eccentric 有点疯癫或古怪: * She eats nothing but nuts: * she must have a screw loose! 她这个人除了乾果, 什麽都不吃, 准是有毛病! put the `screw(s) on (sb) force sb to do sth by intimidating him 威逼某人做某事: * The landlord's putting the screws on to get her out of the house. 房东正在逼她搬家. a turn of the screw => turn2. 派生： screw v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] fasten or tighten (sth) with a screw or screws 用螺丝钉将（某物）拧紧: a tightly screwed joint 用螺钉拧得很紧的接头

screw1
* screw a bracket to the wall 用螺丝把托架固定到墙上 * screw a lock on the door 用螺丝把锁拧在门上 * screw all the parts together 用螺丝钉把所有部件都拧在一起. 2 (a) [Tn.pr, Tn.p, Cn.a] twist (sth) round; make tighter by twisting 拧动（某物）; 拧紧: screw the lid on/off (the jar) 拧上[拧开]（罐子）盖 * screw the joints together 把接头拧在一起 * screw a bulb in 把灯泡拧上 * screw one's head round, ie in order to look over one's shoulder 转过头去 * screw the nut (up) tight 把螺母拧紧. (b) [Ipr, Ip] be attached by screwing 拧牢: This type of bulb screws into the socket. 这种灯是拧到灯座上的. * Does this lid screw on, or does one press it down? 这个盖子是拧的还是按的? 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth) (sl 俚) cheat sb 欺骗某人: We got screwed when we bought this house. 我们买这所房子上当了. * How much did they screw you for? ie How much did you have to pay? 他们敲了你多少钱? （你付了多少?） 4 ( sl 讳, 俚) (a) [I] (of two people) have sexual intercourse （指二人）性交: a couple screwing in the back of a car 正在汽车後排座位上性交的两个人. (b) [Tn] (esp of a man) have sexual intercourse with （尤指男子）与...性交: He accused me of screwing his wife. 他控告我奸淫他的妻子. 5 (idm 习语) have one's head screwed on =>head 1. screw him, you, that, etc ( sl 讳, 俚) (used in the imperative to express one's irritation about sb/sth 用於祈使句, 对某人[某事物]表示愤怒): Screw you, mate! 去你妈的, 你这个家伙! screw up one's `courage force oneself to be brave 鼓起勇气: I screwed up my courage and went to the dentist. 我鼓起勇气去找牙科医生. 6 (phr v) screw sth out of sth remove sth from sth by twisting 从某物中拧出某物: screw the water out of the sponge 把水从海绵里拧出. screw sth out of sb force sb to give sth 逼某人交出某事物: They screwed the money out of her by threats. 他们威胁她把钱交出来. screw up (sl 俚) handle a situation very badly 弄糟某事: I was trying to help, but I screwed up again. 我原想帮忙, 反而又把事情搞糟了. screw sth up (a) fasten sth with screws 用螺丝钉将某物拧紧: screw up a crate 用螺丝钉把板条箱拧紧.

screw2
(b) make (paper, etc) into a tight ball 将（纸等）揉成团: I screwed up the note and threw it on the fire. 我把便条揉成团扔进火里了. (c) tense the muscles of (the face, the eyes) when the light is too strong, when one feels pain, etc （因光强、 疼痛等）扭曲（面孔、 眼睛）: The taste of the lemon made her screw up her face. 柠檬把她酸得龇牙咧嘴. (d) (sl 俚) handle (a situation) very badly; make a mess of sth 把（某物）弄糟; 搞乱某事: Don't ask them to organize the trip, they'll only screw everything up. 别让他们组织此行, 他们准得把一切都搞糟了. screwy adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) strange, eccentric or crazy 奇怪的; 古怪的; 疯狂的: She's really screwy! 她简直疯了! * What a screwy idea! 多奇怪的主意! 复合： `screwball n (US infml 口) eccentric or crazy person 古怪的人; 疯狂的人: [attrib 作定语] a screwball comedy 一出离奇的喜剧. `screwdriver n tool with a handle and a blade that fits into a slot, etc in the head of a screw to turn it 改锥; 螺丝刀; 螺丝起子. ,screwed-`up adj (sl 俚) upset and not completely able to cope with problems in life 烦乱而无法处理生活问题的: ,screwed-up `kids 烦乱而不能自理的孩子 * I'm still screwed-up about the accident. 我仍对那次事故耿耿於怀. `screw-topped (also `screw-top) adj (of a jar, etc) having a top or lid that screws onto it （指罐子等）旋盖的.

scribble
[5skribl; 5skribl] v [I, Tn, Tn.pr] 1 write (sth) very fast or carelessly 匆匆或草草书写（某内容）: * scribbling (figures) on an envelope 在信封上乱写（数字）. 2 make (meaningless marks) on sth 在某物上画（无意义的东西）: * a child scribbling all over a book 在本子上到处乱画的孩子. 派生： scribble n 1 [U, sing] very fast or careless handwriting 潦草的笔迹: I can't read this scribble. 我看不懂这种潦草的字. 2 [C] meaningless marks 乱画的无意义的东西: scribbles all over the page 整页上乱画的东西. scribbler[5skriblE(r); 5skribll] n 1 person who scribbles 写字潦草的人. 2 (derog 贬) untalented author, journalist, etc 无天分的作家、 新闻工作者等: * the scribblers of Fleet Street 伦敦弗利特街报馆区庸碌无能的记者. 复合： `scribbling-block n pad of cheap paper for making notes （质劣的）拍纸簿.

scribe
[skraib; skraib] n 1 person who made copies of writings before printing was invented （印刷术发明之前的）抄写员. 2 (in Biblical times) professional religious scholar （圣经时代的）文士, 经师.

scrimmage
[5skrimidV; 5skrimidV] n 1 (also scrummage) confused struggle or fight; tussle 混战; 争夺: * a scrimmage round the bargain counter in the store 在商店廉价品柜台周围你争我夺. 2 (in US football) period between the moment the ball goes into play and the moment it goes out of play （美国橄榄球中的）比赛开始至死球期间. 派生： scrimmage v [I] take part in a scrimmage(1) 混战.

scrimp
[skrimp; skrimp] v (idm 习语) scrimp and save manage to live on very little money, esp so as to afford sth 节衣缩食, 节省（尤指为攒钱）: * We had to scrimp and save to pay the bills. 我们得省吃俭用来付帐.

scrip
[skrip; skrip] n 1 [C] extra share in a business company issued instead of a dividend （代股息的）股份: * [attrib 作定语] a scrip issue 以股代息. 2 [U] shares issued in this way （代股息的）股份.

script
[skript; skript] n 1 [C] text of a play, film, broadcast, talk, etc （戏剧、 电影、 广播、 讲话等的）剧本, 脚本, 讲稿: * That line isn't in the script. 脚本上没有那一段词. * [attrib 作定语] a script editor 脚本编辑.2 [U] (a) handwriting 笔迹. (b) printed or typewritten cursive characters resembling this 书写体的字. 3 system of writing 文字体系: * a letter in Cyrillic script 西里尔文字的字母. 4 [C] (Brit) candidate's written answer or answers in an examination 笔试答卷: * The examiner had to mark 150 scripts. 主考人须评阅150份试卷. 派生： script v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] write a script for (a film, a TV or radio play, etc) 为（电影、 电视或广播剧等）写脚本: a film scripted by a famous novelist 由着名小说家撰写脚本的电影. scripted adj read from a script 照稿子念的: a scripted talk on the radio 广播中照稿子念的谈话. 复合： `script-writer n person who writes scripts for films, TV and radio plays, etc （电影、 电视及广播剧等的）撰稿人.

scripture
[5skriptFE(r); 5skriptFl] n 1 Scripture [U] (also the Scriptures [pl]) the Bible 《圣经》: * [attrib 作定语] a `Scripture lesson 《圣经》课. 2 scriptures [pl] holy writings of a religion other than Christianity （基督教以外的）经典, 经文: * Vedic scriptures 吠陀经文. 派生： scriptural[5skriptFErEl; 5skriptFErEl] adj of or based on the Bible 圣经的; 根据圣经的: * wide scriptural knowledge 精通圣经.

scrofula
[5skrCfjulE; 5skrCfjElE] n [U] disease causing swelling of the glands, probably a form of tuberculosis淋巴结核; 瘰栏. > scrofulous[5skrCfjulEs; 5skrCfjElEs] adj.

scroll
[skrEul; skrol] n 1 (a) roll of parchment or paper for writing on （供书写用的）羊皮纸卷, 纸卷. (b) ancient book written on such a roll 用羊皮纸写的古籍. 2 anything curved like a scroll, esp an ornamental design cut in stone or a flourish in writing 卷形物; （尤指）卷形石雕饰物或字体. 派生： scroll v 1 [I, Ipr, Ip] (of text on a computer screen) move gradually up or down （指计算机荧屏上的文本）逐渐上下移动. 2 [I, Tn] (of a computer) show (text) moving in this way （指计算机）显示（上下移动的）文本: This model scrolls far too slowly. 这种型号的计算机文本上下移动得实在太慢.

Scrooge
[skru:dV; skrudV] n (derog 贬) person who is miserly and mean-spirited 斯克鲁奇; 吝啬鬼.

scrotum
[5skrEutEm; 5skrotEm] n (pl scrotums or scrota[5skrEutE; 5skrotE] ) pouch of skin enclosing the testicles in most male mammals 阴囊. =>illus at male 见male插图.

scrounge
[5skraundV; skraundV] v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (from/off sb) (infml often derog 口, 常作贬义) get (sth) by borrowing or taking it without permission 借得或擅取（某物）: * She's always scrounging (money) off her brother. 她总找哥哥借钱. * I managed to scrounge the materials to build a shed. 我设法弄来点材料搭个棚子. 派生： scrounge n (idm 习语) on the `scrounge (infml 口) trying to borrow or get sth by scrounging 设法借得或擅取某物: If you're on the scrounge again, I've no money. 你要是再想借钱, 我可没有了. scrounger n.

scrub
1[skrQb; skrQb] n [U] (land covered with) underdeveloped trees or shrubs 发育不良的矮树丛（地带）: * clear the scrub and plough the land 消除矮树丛後开垦这片地 * [attrib 作定语] `scrub-oak 矮栎, `scrub-pine, ie dwarf or underdeveloped types 矮松. 派生： scrubby[5skrQbi; 5skrQbi] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 covered with scrub; (of trees, etc) underdeveloped 长有矮树丛的; （指树木）发育不良的. 2 small or mean 矮小的; 卑劣的: * a scrubby little shed in a back street 在後街上的破棚子.

scrubber
[5skrQbE(r); 5skrQbl] n (Brit infml derog 口, 贬) prostitute or woman who has sexual intercourse with many partners 妓女; 与很多人性交的女子.

scrudge
[skrQdV; skrQdV] n (Brit) small bent nail for holding roofing-tiles in place 房倒板钩（固着房倒板用的）.

scruff
[skrQf; skrQf] n (idm 习语) by the scruff of the/one's `neck (grasping or lifting) by the back of an animal's or a person's neck （抓住或拎起）动物或人的颈背: * The cat picked up the kitten by the scruff of its neck. 大猫叼着小猫的颈背. * She grabbed me by the scruff of my neck and threw me out. 她抓着我的颈背把我扔了出去.

scruffy
[5skrQfi; 5skrQfi] adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) dirty and untidy 邋遢的: * You can't go to a job interview looking so scruffy! 你求职去面试不能这邋里邋遢的! 派生： scruff n (infml 口) dirty and untidy person 邋遢的人: He's a dreadful scruff! 他真邋遢! scruffily adv. scruffiness n [U].

scrum
[skrQm; skrQm] n 1 = scrummage 1. 2 (fig 比喻) confused struggle; tussle 混战; 争夺: * Shoppers got into a scrum round the bargain counter. 顾客在廉价品柜台周围你争我夺. 派生： scrum v (-mm-) (phr v) scrum down form a scrummage 混战; 争夺. 复合： ,scrum-`half n half-back who puts the ball into the scrummage 争球前卫.

scrummage
[5skrQmidV; 5skrQmidV] n 1 (also scrum) part of a Rugby football game when the forwards of both sides pack together with their heads down to push against the other side, while the ball is thrown between them and they try to kick it back to their own team; all the forwards taking part in this （橄榄球赛的）并列争球, 并列争球的全体前锋: * ...and it's a scrummage just inside the Welsh half. ...而且这是在威尔士队半场内的并列争球. 2 = scrimmage 1.

scrumptious
[5skrQmpFEs; 5skrQmpFEs] adj (infml 口) (esp of food) delicious （尤指食物）美味的: * What a scrumptious meal! 多香的饭菜!

scrunch
[5skrQntF; skrQntF] n, v = crunch.

scruple
[5skru:pl; 5skrupl] n 1 [U, C often pl 作不可数名词或可数名词, 後者常作复数] feeling that prevents one from doing or allowing sth that one thinks may be wrong 顾忌; 顾虑: * Have you no scruples about buying stolen goods? 你买赃物就毫无顾忌吗? * She tells lies without scruple. 她撒谎肆无忌惮. 2 [C] weight unit of 20 grains 重量单位（等於20格令）. 派生： scruple v [It] (usu in negative sentences 通常用於否定句) hesitate (to do sth) because of scruples （因有顾忌）犹豫: She wouldn't scruple to tell a lie if she thought it would be useful. 她只要认为说谎有利, 就连犹豫都不犹豫.

scrupulous
[5skru:pjulEs; 5skrupjElEs] adj 1 extremely careful and thorough; paying great attention to details 极仔细彻底的; 一丝不苟的: * a scrupulous examiner 认真仔细的检查员 * a scrupulous inspection of the firm's accounts 对公司的帐目彻底审核. 2 ~ (in sth/doing sth) careful not to do wrong; absolutely honest 审慎的; 极诚实的: * scrupulous in all her business dealings （她）对所有交易都十分老实 * behave with scrupulous honesty 表现极为正直. > scrupulously adv: * scrupulously exact, careful, honest, clean 极为精确、 细心、 诚实、 清洁.

scrutineer
[7skru:ti'niE(r); - -tn'iEr; 7skrutn'il] n (Brit) person who checks that an election or other vote is carried out correctly 监票人.

scrutinize, scrutinise
[5skru:tinaiz; - -tEnaiz; 5skrutn7aiz] v [Tn] look at or examine (sth) carefully or thoroughly 仔细或彻底检查（某事物）: * scrutinize all the documents relating to the trial 仔细审阅与该案审判有关的所有文件.

scrutiny
[5skru:tini; - 'skru:tEni; 5skrutni] n [C, U] (instance of) careful and thorough examination 仔细而彻底的检查: * a close scrutiny of the election results 彻底检查选举结果 * subject the thesis to careful scrutiny 认真仔细审阅论文.

scuba
[5sku:bE; 5skubE] n underwater breathing apparatus consisting of a cylinder or cylinders of compressed air, attached by a hose to a mouthpiece 水肺（水下呼吸器）: * [attrib 作定语] `scuba diving 戴水肺潜水.

scud
[skQd; skQd] v (-dd-) [I, Ipr, Ip] (esp of ships, etc or clouds) move straight, fast and smoothly （尤指船、 舰或云彩）笔直、 高速而平稳地移动: * The yacht was scudding along before the wind. 那只帆船正乘风笔直疾驶. * clouds scudding across the sky 在天空中掠过的飞云.

scuff
[skQf; skQf] v 1 [Tn] (a) mark or scrape (a surface) with one's shoes 用鞋踩或蹭（物体表面）: * a badly scuffed door 用鞋蹭旧的门. (b) mark, scrape or wear away (a shoe) 蹭、 磨损或穿坏（鞋）: * I scuffed the heel of my boot on the step. 我的靴子後跟在台阶上磨坏了. 2 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn no passive 不用於被动语态] drag (one's feet) while walking; shuffle 拖着（脚）走; 拖着脚走: * If you scuff (your feet) like that, you'll wear the heels out. 你那麽拖着脚走路, 就要把鞋跟磨坏了. * She scuffed past in her mother's slippers. 她趿拉着她母亲的拖鞋走过去了. 派生： scuff (also `scuff-mark) n mark made by scuffing 用鞋踩出的或蹭出的痕迹: scuffs on the skirting-board 壁脚板上用鞋蹭出的痕迹.

scuffle
[5skQfl; 5skQfl] n confused struggle between people who are close together 扭打; 混战: * Scuffles broke out between police and demonstrators. 警察和示威群众扭打起来了. 派生： scuffle v [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb) take part in a scuffle 扭打: scuffle with reporters 与记者 打起来.

scull
[skQl; skQl] n 1 either of a pair of small oars used by a single rower, one in each hand （双桨船上的）短桨. 2 oar placed over the stern of a boat to drive it with twisting strokes （船尾的）橹. 3 light racing boat rowed by a single rower with two sculls （单人双桨）赛艇. 派生： scull v [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] row (a boat) with a scull or sculls （用桨）划（船）; （用橹）摇（船）: be able to scull 会划船 * scull (the boat) past the boat-house 划（船）经过船库. sculler n person who sculls 划桨的人; （在船尾）摇橹的人.

scullery
[5skQlEri; 5skQlEri] n small room (usu in a large house) beside the kitchen, where dishes, etc are washed up （厨房旁的）洗涤室（通常设於大宅中）.

scullion
[5skQliEn; 5skQljEn] n (formerly) boy or man who did simple tasks, eg washing-up, in a kitchen （旧时）做粗活儿的男子（如在厨房洗碗）.

sculpt
= sculpturev.

sculptor
[5skQlptE(r); 5skQlptl] n (fem 阴性作 sculptress[5skQlptris; 5skQlptris] ) person who makes sculptures 做雕塑或雕刻的人.

sculpture
[5skQlptFE(r); 5skQlptFl] n 1 [U] art of making figures, objects, etc by carving wood or stone, shaping clay, making metal casts, etc 雕塑; 雕刻: * the techniques of sculpture in stone 石雕技术. 2 [C, U] a work or works made in this way 雕塑品: * a sculpture of Venus 维纳斯雕像 * a collector of sculpture 雕塑收藏家. 派生： sculptural[5skQlptFErEl; 5skQlptFErEl] adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] of, like or connected with sculpture （似）雕塑的: * a sculptural quality 雕塑的特色. sculpture (also sculpt/skQlpt; skQlpt] ) v 1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] represent (sb/sth) in sculpture; make (a sculpture) 为（某人[某物]）做塑像或雕像; 做（塑像或雕像）: * saints sculptured in marble 用大理石雕刻的圣徒像 * sculpture a statue out of hard wood 用硬木做雕像. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] make (sth) into a sculpture 将（某物）制成雕塑品: * sculpture the clay into a vase 用黏土做成花瓶. (c) [Tn] decorate (sth) with sculptures 用雕塑装饰（某物）: * sculptured columns 用雕刻装饰的柱子. 2 [I] make sculptures; be a sculptor 做雕塑; 作雕塑师: * learn to sculpture 学习雕塑.

scum
[skQm; skQm] n 1 [U] layer of froth on the surface of a boiling liquid; layer of dirt on a pond or other area of still water （煮沸的液体表面的）泡沫; （池塘或其他静止水面上的）浮垢, 浮渣. 2 [pl v] (fig derog 比喻, 贬) people considered to be bad or contemptible 一群坏人或卑贱的人: * You scum! 你们这群坏蛋! * She treats smokers like the scum of the earth, ie as the worst people there are. 她把吸烟的人都当作败类. * I wouldn't have anything to do with those scum. 我才不跟那些无耻之徒来往呢. 派生： scummy adj (-ier, -iest) of, like or containing scum(1) （似）泡沫或浮渣的; 含有泡沫或浮渣的.

scupper
[5skQpE(r); 5skQpl] n (often pl 常作复数) opening in a ship's side to allow water to run off the deck （船舷上的）排水孔（用以排除甲板上的水）. 派生： scupper v (Brit) 1 Tn] sink (one's ship) deliberately 故意弄沉（自己的船）. 2 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (infml 口) cause (sth) to fail; ruin 使（某事物）失败; 摧毁: We're scuppered! 我们完蛋了! * The project was scuppered by lack of money. 那个计画因缺钱而告吹.

scurf
[skE:f; skEf] n [U] flakes of dead skin, esp on the scalp, that comes off as new skin grows; dandruff 皮屑; （尤指）头皮屑: * clean hair that's free of scurf 没有头皮屑的乾净头发. 派生： scurfy adj having or covered with scurf 有皮屑的; 有头皮屑的.

scurrilous
[5skQrElEs; 5skQrElEs] adj abusive and insulting, esp in a crude or obscene way 辱骂的（尤指粗俗下流的）: * a scurrilous rumour, attack, book 粗俗污秽的流言蜚语、 攻击、 书 * She was often quite scurrilous in her references to me. 她一提起我, 常常骂骂咧咧的. 派生： scurrility/skE'rilEti; skE'rilEti] n (fml 文) 1 [U] (a) quality of being scurrilous 粗俗下流: * the scurrility of their journalism 他们新闻工作中的淫言秽语. (b) scurrilous language 辱骂的语言: * a book full of scurrility and slander 内容充满辱骂和诽谤的书. 2 [C often pl 常作复数] scurrilous remark 辱骂的言语: * I refused to listen to these scurrilities. 我不听这些骂人的话. scurrilously adv. scurrilousness n [U].

scurry
[5skQri; 5skQri] v (pt, pp scurried) [I, Ipr, Ip] run with short quick steps 小步疾跑: * mice scurrying across the floor 在地面很快跑过的老鼠 * scurry along the road 在路上匆匆小跑 * They scurried in out of the cold. 他们冻得很快跑进来了. * Crowds scurried past. 很多人匆匆地跑过去了. * The rain sent everyone scurrying for shelter. 这阵雨把大家浇得纷纷找地方躲避. 派生： scurry n 1 (a) [sing] act or sound of scurrying 小步疾跑; 小跑的脚步声: a/the scurry of feet in the room above 楼上房间里小跑的脚步声. (b) [U] anxious or excited movement; bustle 不安的或兴奋的移动; 热闹的活动: the scurry and scramble of town life 城市生活的匆忙. 2 [C] windy shower of rain, snow, etc or cloud of dust; flurry 风雨、 风雪等交加; 飞扬的灰尘. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Scamper, scurry and scuttle indicate people or animals running with short, quick steps. *scamper、 scurry、 scuttle叁词均指人或动物小步奔跑. Scamper (around, away, off, etc) is only used of small animals (puppies, mice, etc) and children. *scamper（around、 away、 off等）仅用於小动物（小狗、 老鼠等）和儿童. It suggests them playing happily or running away when startled 这个词指玩耍嬉戏或受惊逃跑: The children were scampering around the garden. 孩子们在花园里嬉戏奔跑. * The rabbits scampered away as we approached. 我们一走近就把兔子吓跑了. Scuttle/scurry (about, away, off, etc) indicate running in order to escape from danger, bad weather, etc *scuttle/scurry（about、 away、 off等）指为躲避危险、 坏天气等而奔跑: The beetle scuttled away when I lifted the stone. 我把石头搬起来, 那甲虫就逃跑了. * The spectators scurried for shelter as soon as it began to rain. 一下起雨来, 观众就纷纷找地方躲避. Scurry can indicate great or hurried activity *scurry可指重大的或仓促的活动: We were scurrying about until the last minute before the party. 聚会开始前我们一直不停地忙忙碌碌.

scurvy
[5skE:vi; 5skEvi] n [U] disease of the blood caused by a lack of vitamin C in the diet 坏血病. 派生： scurvy adj [attrib 作定语] (dated sl 旧, 俚) contemptible; worthless; mean 可鄙的; 无价值的; 卑劣的: He's a scurvy wretch. 他是个卑鄙的家伙. * That was a scurvy trick to play on an old lady. 用那样的花招欺负一个老太太, 可真卑鄙. scurvily[-ili; -Eli] adv.

scut
[skQt; skQt] n short upright tail, esp of a hare, rabbit or deer 短而上翘的尾巴（尤指兔或鹿的）.

scuttle
1[5skQtl; 5skQtl] v [I, Ipr, Ip] run with short quick steps 用小而快的步子跑: * small animals scuttling about 各处奔跑的小动物. =>Usage at scurry 用法见scurry. 派生： scuttle n [sing] act of scuttling 小跑: a scuttle down the passage 沿通道小跑.

Scylla
[5silE; 5silE] n (idm 习语) between Scylla and Cha`rybdis (fml 文) faced by a problem or danger that one can only avoid by facing another, equally unpleasant problem or danger 进退维谷.

scythe
[saiT; saiT] n tool with a slightly curved blade on a long pole, sometimes with two handles, used (esp formerly) for cutting long grass, corn, etc 长柄大镰刀. Cf 参看 sickle. 派生： scythe v [I, Tn, Tn.p] cut (grass, etc) with a scythe （用长柄大镰刀）割（草等）: workers scything in the meadow 用长柄大镰刀在草地上割草的工人 * scythe the grass (down) 用长柄大镰刀割草.

SDLP
[7es di: el 'pi:; 7es di el 'pi] abbr 缩写 = (Brit politics 政) (in N Ireland) Social and Democratic Labour Party （北爱尔兰的）社会民主工党.

SDP
[7es di: 'pi:; 7es di 'pi] abbr 缩写 = (Brit politics 政) Social Democratic Party 社会民主党: * the SDP-Liberal alliance 社会民主党 自由党联盟.

sea
[si:; si] n 1 (often 常作 the sea) [U] (also seas [pl]) the salt water that covers most of the earth's surface and encloses its continents and islands; any part of this, in contrast to areas of fresh water and dry land 海; 海洋: * fly over land and sea 飞越陆地海洋 * travel by sea 乘船过海 * sail the seas 航海 * the high seas, ie parts away from the land, where no single country can impose its laws 公海 * the cold sea(s) of the Antarctic 南极冰冷的海洋 * Most of the earth's surface is covered by (the) sea. 地球表面大部分是海洋. * Ships sail on the sea. 轮船能在海上航行. * Fish swim in the sea. 有些鱼生活在海洋里. * The river flows into the sea near Portsmouth. 这条河在 次茅斯附近入海. * [attrib 作定语] a sea animal, fish, voyage 海洋动物、 海鱼、 海上航行. 2 (often Sea, esp as part of a proper name 常大写作Sea, 尤用於专有名称) [C] (a) particular area of the sea, smaller than an ocean 海（比洋小的水域）: * the Mediterranean Sea 地中海 * The Caribbean Sea 加勒比海 * the South China Sea 中国的南海. (b) large inland lake of fresh water or salt water 内海, 湖（可为淡水或咸水）: * the Caspian Sea 里海 * the Sea of Galilee 加利利海. 3 [C] (also seas [pl]) (state or movement of the) waves of the sea 海浪（的起伏状况）: * a heavy/light sea, ie with big/small waves 浪大的[小的]海面 * The ship was struck by a heavy sea, ie a large wave. 那艘船遇到了巨浪. * The liner foundered in heavy seas. 那艘班轮遇到巨大海浪而沉没. 4 ~ of sth (fig 比喻) large amount of sth covering a large area 在大范围中的大量事物: * I stood amid a sea of corn. 我站在茫茫一片庄稼之中. * The lecturer looked down at the sea of faces beneath him. 讲演的人俯视着下面无数的面孔. 5 (idm 习语) at `sea (a) on a ship, etc on the sea 在海上的轮船等之上: * spend three months at sea 在海上度过了叁个月.

sea1
(b) not knowing what to do; confused 不知所措; 茫然; 糊涂: * I'm all at sea; I've no idea how to repair cars. 我手足无措, 不知道怎样修理汽车. * She tried to understand the instructions, but she was completely at sea. 她费尽力气想 看懂那些说明文字, 却全然不知所云. between the devil and the deep blue sea => devil1. beyond/ over the `sea(s) (fml or rhet 文或修辞) to or in countries on the other side of a sea or seas; overseas; abroad 到海外; 在海外: * our cousins beyond the seas 我们那些在海外的表兄弟姐妹. go to `sea be a sailor 当水手. on the `sea at the seaside 在海边; 在海滨: * a town on the sea in Devon 在德文郡海边的市镇 * Mudford-on-Sea, ie as a place-name 穆德福特海滨. put (out) to `sea leave port or land travelling on a ship, etc （离港或离岸）出海, 起航. the seven seas (rhet 修辞) all the seas of the world 七大洋: * He's sailed the seven seas in search of adventure. 他闯荡七大洋去历险. there are more/other fish in the sea => fish. 派生： `seaward[-wEd; -wld] adj, adv towards the sea; in the direction of the sea 向海（的）. `seawards[-wEdz; -wldz] adv. 复合： ,sea ` air air at the seaside, thought to be good for the health 海边的空气（认为於健康有益）: a breath of sea air 呼吸海边的空气. `sea anemone tube-shaped sea animal with petal-like tentacles round its mouth 海葵. `sea bed floor of the sea 海底; 海床. `sea-bird n any of several species of bird which live close to the sea, eg on cliffs, islands, etc 海鸟. => illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page v. `seaboard n coastal region; sea-shore 沿海地区; 海滨; 海岸: on the Atlantic seaboard 大西洋沿岸地区. `sea-borne adj (esp of trade) carried in ships （尤指贸易）海运的: sea-borne commerce, goods, etc 海运的贸易、 货物等 * airborne and sea-borne missiles, ie carried by aircraft and ships or submarines 机载及海上导弹.

sea2
`sea-bream n = bream2. `sea-breeze n breeze blowing from the sea towards the land, esp during the day, followed by a land-breeze at night 海风（尤指白天刮向内陆的）. `sea-cow n type of warm-blooded creature living in the sea and feeding its young with milk 海牛; 儒艮. `sea-dog n old sailor 老水手. `seafarer[-feErE(r); -7ferl] n sailor 水手. `seafaring[-feEriN; -7feriN] adj [attrib 作定语], n [U] (of) work or travel on the sea 海上工作或航海（的）: * a seafaring man 海员 * a life of seafaring 海上生活. `sea fog fog along the coast, caused by the difference between the temperatures on land and at sea 海雾（因陆海温差所致）. `seafood n [U] edible fish or shellfish from the sea 海味: [attrib 作定语] a `seafood restaurant 海味餐厅 * a,seafood `cocktail 海味什锦. `sea front part of a town facing the sea （市镇的）滨海区: a hotel on the sea front 滨海区的旅馆 * [attrib 作定语] a sea-front restaurant 滨海餐厅. `seagoing adj [attrib 作定语] 1 (of ships) built for crossing the sea, not for coastal voyages only （指船）适於航海的, 远洋航行的. 2 (of a person) seafaring （指人）以航海为业的. ,sea-`green adj, n bluish-green, like the colour of the clean sea 海绿色（的）. `seagull n = gull1. `sea-horse n small fish with a horse-like head 海马. ,sea-island `cotton long-stapled cotton of high quality 海岛棉. `sea-kale n coastal plant whose young white shoots are used as a vegetable 海甘蓝. `sea-legs n [pl] ability to walk easily on the deck of a moving ship or to avoid seasickness （航行时）在甲板上行走自如或不晕的能力: I feel a bit odd; I haven't got my sea-legs yet. 我稍觉不适, 在船上还走不稳. `sea-level n level of the sea half-way between high and low tide 海平面: 50 metres above/below sea-level 海拔[低於海平面]50米. `sea-lion n large seal of the N Pacific Ocean 海狮（产於北太平洋）.

sea3
`Sea Lord (Brit) any of the four naval members of the Board of Admiralty 海军部四位海军首长之一. `seaman[-mEn; -mEn] n (pl -men[-mEn; -mEn] ) 1 sailor, esp one in a navy below the rank of an officer 水兵. => App 9 见附录9. 2 any skilled sailor （熟练的）水手, 海员. `seamanlike[-mEnlaik; -mEnl7aik] adj. `seamanship[-mEnFip; -mEn7Fip] n [U] skill in managing a boat or ship 船舶驾驶术. `sea mile = nautical mile (nautical). `sea-pink n [U] = thrift2. `seaplane n aircraft designed so that it can take off from and land on water 水上飞机. `seaport n town with a harbour used by seagoing ships 海港市镇. `sea power 1 [U] ability to control the seas with a strong navy 海军实力. 2 [C] country with a strong navy 海军强国. `seascape n picture of a scene at sea 海景画. `sea shell shell of any mollusc living in the sea 海贝壳. `sea-shore n [U] 1 land next to the sea 海岸; 海滨: a walk on/along the sea-shore 在海滨散步. 2 (law 律) area between high and low-water marks 海岸（高潮线与低潮线之间的地带）. `seasick adj feeling sick or wanting to vomit as the result of the motion of a ship, etc 晕船的. `seasickness n [U]. `seaside n (often 常作 the seaside) [U] land, place, town, etc by the sea, esp a holiday resort 海边, 海滨, 海滨市镇（尤指度假胜地）: two weeks at the seaside 在海滨的两个星期 * own a house at the seaside 在海滨有自己的房子 * [attrib 作定语] a seaside town, hotel, holiday 海滨的市镇、 旅馆、 度假. =>Usage at coast1 用法见coast1. `sea-urchin (also urchin) n small sea animal with a prickly shell 海胆. ,sea-`wall n wall built to stop the sea flowing onto or eroding the land 海堤; 海岸防波堤. `sea water salt water from the sea 海水. `sea-way n 1 [C] deep inland waterway along which ocean-going ships can sail 海道（海轮可驶入的内陆深水航道）.

sea4
2 [U] progress by a ship on the sea （海轮的）航进: The liner made good sea-way because of the fine weather. 因天气好, 班轮在海上航行顺利. `seaweed n [U, C] plant growing in the sea, esp on rocks at the edge of the sea 海藻, 海草（尤指海边岩石上的）. `seaworthy adj (of a ship) in a fit state for a sea voyage （指船）适於航海的: make a damaged ship seaworthy again 使损坏的船能再度出海. `seaworthiness n [U].

seal
1[si:l; sil] n animal with flippers that lives near and in the sea and eats fish 海豹. 派生： sealing n [U] hunting seals 捕海豹: [attrib 作定语] a sealing expedition 捕海豹之行. 复合： `sealskin n [U] skin or fur of a seal used as clothingmaterial 海豹皮（用作衣料的）: [attrib 作定语] a sealskin jacket 海豹皮甲克.

sealskin
=> seal1.

Sealyham
[5si:liEm; 5siliEm] n breed of terrier with short legs and wiry hair 锡利哈姆狗.

seam
[si:m; sim] n 1 (a) line along which two edges, esp of cloth, are joined or sewn together （两边缘相接合的）缝（尤指布的）: * the seams down the side of his trousers 他裤子的边缝. =>illus at sew 见sew插图. (b) line where two edges meet, eg of boards forming a ship's deck （两边缘相接合的）线（如甲板间的）. 2 layer, eg of coal, between layers of other materials, eg rock, clay （夹层中的）层（如石层、 黏土层之间的煤层）; 矿层. 3 line on a surface, eg a wrinkle or scar on skin （物体表面的）纹, 线（如皮肤上的皱纹或伤疤）. 4 (idm 习语) be bursting at the seams => burst1. 派生： seam v [Tn] join (two pieces of cloth, etc) by means of a seam 将（两块布等）缝合, 接合. seamed adj ~ (with sth) having a seam or seams 有接合缝的; 有层的; 有纹的: seamed stockings 有接合缝的长袜 * rock seamed with gold 有金矿层的岩石 * a face seamed with wrinkles 有皱纹的脸. seamless adj without a seam(1a)无缝的: seamless stockings 无缝长袜.

seamstress
(Brit also sempstress)[5semstris; 5simstris] n woman who sews, esp as a paid job 缝纫女工; 女裁缝.

seamy
[5si:mi; 5simi] adj (-ier, -iest) unattractive andsordid 难看而污秽的: * the seamy side of life, ie corruption, crime, etc 生活中丑陋的一面（如腐败、 犯罪等） * a seamy bribery scandal 肮脏的受贿丑闻.

seance
(also seance)[5seia:ns; 5seans] n meeting, esp of spiritualists, at which people try to talk with the spirits of the dead 降神会（尤指招魂术士的）.

sear
[siE(r); sir] v 1 (also sere) [Tn] scorch or burn (a surface) 烧灼, 烧焦（物体表面）: * a cloth seared by the heat of the oven 被烤箱烤焦的布 * sear a wound to prevent infection 烧灼伤口以防感染. 2 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (fig rhet 比喻, 修辞) affect (sb) with strong emotion 用强烈情感影响（某人）: * a soul seared by injustice 因受到不公平对待而极度痛苦的心灵 * The novel is a searing indictment of urban poverty. 这部小说是对城市贫困的震撼心灵的控诉.

search
[sE:tF; sEtF] v 1 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sb/sth) (for sb/sth); ~ through sth (for sth) empty the pockets, etc of (sb) and examine his body and clothes to see if anything is concealed there; look at, examine or go over (a thing or place) carefully in order to find sb/sth 搜查（某人）; 细查（某物或某处）以搜寻某人[某物]; 搜索: * We searched (around) for hours, but couldn't find the book. 我们（各处）找了半天, 却找不到那本书. * search (the woods) for escaped prisoners 搜查（树林）寻找逃犯 * search (through) the drawers for the missing papers 翻遍抽屉寻找遗失的文件 * The police searched her for drugs. 警察搜查她, 看她身上是否有毒品. * (fig 比喻) I searched my memory, but couldn't remember her name. 我想来想去也想不起她的名字. 2 (idm 习语) search one's `heart/`conscience (fml 文) think carefully about one's motives, actions, feelings, etc 反躬自问: * Search your heart and ask if you're not equally toblame. 你扪心自问是否自己也同样要承担责任. ,search`me (infml 口) I don't know 我不知道: * `Where's the newspaper?’ `Search me, I haven't seen it.’ ‘报纸在哪儿呢?’‘不知道, 我没看见.’ 3 (phr v) search sb/sth out find sb/sth by searching 找出某人[某事物]: * We've searched out some of your favourite recipes. 我们找出了你喜欢的几个菜谱. * I want to search out an old school friend. 我想寻找我的一个老同学. 派生： search n 1 act of searching 搜查; 搜寻: a search for a missing aircraft 搜寻失踪的飞机 * make repeated searches for concealed weapons 反覆搜查暗藏的武器 * Volunteers joined the search for the lost child. 有人自告奋勇也来寻找那失踪的孩子. 2 (idm 习语) in search of sb/sth searching for sb/sth 寻找某人[某物]: go in search of a cheap hotel 寻找便宜的旅馆 * Scientists are in search of a cure for the disease. 科学家想研究出治疗这种疾病的方法.

search1
searching adj (of an examination, a question, etc) keen and penetrating; seeking the truth （指考试、 问题等）尖锐而深刻的, 探究的: She gave me a searching look and asked if I was lying. 她用锐利的目光看着我, 问我是否说谎了. * a searching interview technique 面试深入提问技巧. searchingly adv. 复合： `searchlight n powerful lamp whose beam can be turned in any direction, used esp to discover enemy aircraft at night 探照灯. `search-party n group of people brought together to search for a person or thing 搜索队. `search-warrant n official document allowing a building, etc to be searched, eg for stolen property 搜查证; 搜查令.

season
[5si:zn; 5sizn] n 1 part of the year distinguished according to its particular type of weather, esp one of the four traditional periods into which the year is divided, ie spring, summer, autumn and winter 季, 季节（尤指四季之一）: * the `dry/`rainy season 旱季[雨季] * Plants grow fast in the warmest season. 植物在最暖和的季节生长很快. * Spring is my favourite season. 春天是我最喜欢的季节. 2 (a) time of the year when sth is easily available or common, or when a certain activity takes place （一年中有某事物或有某活动的）时期, 时候; 旺季: * the `strawberry, `apple, etc season 草莓、 苹果等当令 * the `growing season 生长时期 * the `football, `theatre, `opera, etc season 足球联赛期、 戏剧会演期、 歌剧荟萃 * the `nesting season, ie when birds build nests and lay their eggs 巢产卵期 * the `off season, ie (at holiday resorts, etc) the time when there are very few visitors 淡 季 * the `holiday/`tourist season 度假[旅游]旺季 * the season of goodwill, ie Christmas 圣诞节. (b) (usu sing 通常作单数) (fml 文) time of the year during which most fashionable social events are held 社交繁忙时期: * The ball was the highlight of the London season. 那次舞会是伦敦社交活动时期的高潮. (c) series of concerts, plays, etc with a particular theme, eg works by certain artists 系列专题音乐会、 戏剧会演等: * a short season of silent film classics on Saturday afternoons 每星期六下午放映的无声电影经典作品拾零. 3 (idm 习语) in `season (a) (of food) available in large quantities （指食物）上市, 当令, 在旺季: * Strawberries are cheaper when they're in season. 草莓当令时便宜些. (b) (of a female animal) ready for mating （指雌性动物）在发情期. (c) at the time when most people take their holidays 在很多人度假的时期: * Hotels are often full in season. 在度假旺季, 旅馆经常客满.

season1
(d) at the time of year when certain animals may be legally hunted 一年中在准许捕猎某些动物的时期: * Grouse will soon be in season again. 允许捕猎松鸡的时期又快到了. ,out of `season (a) (of food) not in season （指食物）未上市, 不当令, 不在旺季. (b) at the time when most people do not take their holidays 在多数人不度假期间: * Holiday prices are lower out of season. 在度假淡季, 度假费用较低. the season's `greetings (used as a greeting at Christmas 用作圣诞节问候语). the silly season =>silly. 派生： season v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) flavour (food) with salt, pepper, etc （用盐、 胡椒等）给（食物）调味: highly seasoned sauces 味道很浓的沙司 * lamb seasoned with garlic and rosemary 用蒜和迷迭香调味的羊肉 * (fig 比喻) conversation seasoned with wit 妙语如珠的谈话. 2 (a) [I, Tn] (of wood) become fit for use by exposure to the weather; make (wood) fit for use in this way （指木材）风乾後适用; （使木材）风乾後适用: well-seasoned oak, birch, etc 充分风乾可用的栎木、 桦木等. (b) [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (fig 比喻) make (sb) experienced by practice 使（某人）通过实践而有经验: a politician seasoned by six election campaigns 经历六次竞选锻炼而富经验的政治家 * a seasoned boxer, traveller 有经验的拳击手、 旅行者. 复合： `season-ticket (also Brit infml 英式口语作 season)n ticket that allows a person to make as many journeys, go to as many concerts, etc as he wishes within a specified period 长期票. Cf 参看 commutation ticket (commute).

seasonable
[5si:znEbl; 5siznEbl] adj 1 (of the weather) suitable for the time of year （指天气）合时的: * seasonable snow showers 合时的一阵阵雪. 2 (of help, advice, gifts, etc) coming at the right time; opportune （指帮助、 劝告、 礼物等）及时的, 合时宜的. > seasonably[-nEbli;-nEbli] adv.

seasonal
[5si:zEnl; 5siznEl] adj happening during a particular season; varying with the seasons 季节的; 季节性的; 随季节而变化的: * seasonal work, eg fruit-picking 季节性的工作（如采集水果） * a seasonal trade, eg selling Christmas cards 节令性的生意（如出售圣诞卡） * a seasonal increase in unemployment 季节性的失业率增长. > seasonally[-nEli; -nEli] adv.

seasoning
[5si:zEniN; 5sizEniN] n [U, C] herb, spice, etc used to season food 调味品; 作料: * not enough seasoning in the stew 炖菜里作料不够 * adventurous seasonings, like paprika and turmeric 有刺激味的调料, 如辣椒粉和郁金.

seat
1[si:t; sit] n 1 [C] thing made or used for sitting on, eg a chair, bench or box 坐具或用作坐具之物（如椅子、 凳子或箱子）: * take a seat, ie sit down 坐下 * a stone seat in the garden 花园里的石凳 * The furniture hadn't arrived so we were using crates as seats. 家具还没运来, 所以我们坐在大木箱上. * The back seat of the car is wide enough for three people. 汽车的後座很宽, 可以坐叁个人. * She rose from her seat to protest. 她从座位上站起来提出抗议. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xii. 2 [C] that part of a chair, bench, stool, etc on which one sits (contrasted with the back, legs, etc) （椅子、 凳子等的）座部: * a chair with a cane seat 藤座的椅子. 3 [C] (a) (fml 文) the buttocks 臀部. (b) part of a garment covering these 裤子的臀部: * a hole in the seat of his trousers 他的裤子臀部上的洞. 4 [C] place where one pays to sit in a vehicle or in a theatre, concert-hall, etc （车辆或戏院、 音乐厅等的）坐位, 座: * There are no seats left on the flight. 班机上没有剩馀的座位了. * book two seats for the concert 订两张音乐会的票 * expensive opera seats 很贵的歌剧票. =>Usage at space 用法见space. 5 [C] place as a member of a law-making assembly, council, committee, etc （立法会、 议会、 委员会等的）席位: * a seat on the council, in Parliament, etc 议会等的席位 * take one's seat, ie begin one's duties, eg in the House of Commons 在议会中就职（如在下议院中） * win a/lose one's seat, ie win/lose a place in a parliament, etc in an election 当选[未再当选]议员 * a majority of 21 seats in the Senate 在参议院中占21席位的多数. 6 [C] (esp Brit) parliamentary constituency 议会议员的选区: * a seat in Devon 德文郡选区. 7 [C] ( fml 文) place where sth is based, or where an activity is carried on （某事物或活动的）所在地, 中心:

seat1
* In the US, Washington is the seat of government and New York City is the chief seat of commerce. 在美国, 华盛顿是政府所在地, 纽约是主要的商业中心. * seats of learning, ie universities 学府. 8 [C] (also ,country `seat) (dated 旧) large house in the country, usu the centre of a large estate 宅第（通常为大片地产的中心）: * the family seat in Norfolk 在诺福克郡的祖传宅第. 9 [sing] way in which sb sits on a horse 骑马的方式或姿势: * an experienced rider with a good seat 姿势好的有经验的骑手. 10 (idm 习语) (drive/fly) by the seat of one's `pants (do sth) by instinct rather than careful thought 凭直觉而不仔细思考（做某事）: * None of us had seen an emergency like this and we were all flying by the seat of our pants. 我们谁都没有遇到过这种紧急情况, 只好凭感觉驾驶飞机. have a ringside seat =>ringside (ring1). the hot seat =>hot. in the driver's seat =>driver. take a back seat =>back2. 派生： -seater (forming compound ns and adjs 用以构成复合名词和形容词) (vehicle, etc) with the specified number of seats 有某数量座位的（车辆等）: a ,ten-seater `minibus 有十个座位的小型公共汽车 * a fast little,two-`seater, ie car 速度快的双座汽车. 复合： `seat-belt (also `safety-belt) n strap worn as a belt, attached to a seat in an aircraft, car, etc to prevent a passenger being thrown forward if an accident happens （飞机、 汽车等的）安全带: Fasten your seat-belts! 系好安全带! =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xii.

SEATO
[5si:tEu; 5si7to] abbr 缩写 = (formerly) South-East Asia Treaty Organization （旧时）东南亚条约组织. Cf 参看 NATO.

sebaceous
[si'beiFEs; si'beFEs] adj [attrib 作定语] producing an oily or greasy substance 分泌脂质的: * the sebaceous glands in the skin 皮脂腺 * a sebaceous cyst 皮脂囊肿.

secateurs
[5sekEtE:z, 7sekE'tE:z; 5sekE7tEz, 7sekE'tEz] n [pl] (Brit) clippers used for pruning bushes, etc 修枝剪: * a pair of secateurs 一把修枝剪. =>illus at clippers 见clippers插图.

secede
[si'si:d; si'sid] v [I, Ipr] ~ (from sth) (fml 文) withdraw (from membership of an organization, state, etc) 退出, 脱离（组织等）: * the Southern States which seceded from the Union (ie from the United States) in 1860-61 在1860-1861年脱离联邦的南方各州. 派生： secession/si'seFn; si'seFEn] n [C, U] ~ (from sth) (fml 文) (instance of) seceding 退出; 脱离.

seclude
[si'klu:d; si'klud] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/oneself (from sb) (fml 文) keep sb/oneself apart (from others) 使某人[自己]（与他人）隔离: * She secludes herself in her study to work. 她把自己关在书房里埋头研究. * You can't seclude yourself from the world. 人不能与世隔绝. 派生： sec luded adj (a) (of a place) not visited or seen by many people （指地方）很少有人去的或见的: a secluded garden behind high walls 高墙後面无人去的花园. (b) away from the company of others 与他人隔离的: lead a secluded life 过离群索居的生活. seclusion/si'klu:Vn; si'kluVEn] n [U] (a) secluding or being secluded 隔离. (b) secluded place; privacy 很少有人去的地方; 私人的范围: * in the seclusion of one's own home 在家中自己的天地.

second
1[5sekEnd; 5sekEnd] det 1 2nd; next after first in time, order, importance, etc 第二的: * February is the second month of the year. 二月是一年的第二个月份. * Tom is the second son he has an elder brother. 汤姆是次子--他有一个哥哥. * Osaka is the second largest city in Japan. 大阪是日本的第二大城市. * Who was second in the race? 赛跑谁得了第二名? =>App 4 见附录4. Cf 参看 two. 2 another after the first; additional; extra （除第一个外）再一个的; 加上的; 额外的: * a second helping of soup 又一份汤 * You will need a second pair of shoes. 你需要再有一双鞋. 3 of an inferior or a less important kind 次等的; 次要的: * We never use second quality ingredients. 我们决不使用次等配料. * (sport 体) the second eleven, ie a team of reserves 後补队. 4 of the same quality, merit, etc as a previous one （与前一个）同样好的: * He thinks he's a second Churchill! ie believes he has Churchill's abilities. 他认为他是第二个丘吉尔（自信有丘吉尔的才能）. 5 (idm 习语) ,second `only to sb/sth having only one person or thing that is better, more important, etc 仅次於某人或某事物: * He is second only to my own son in my affections. 我除了爱我的儿子, 最爱他. ,second to `none as good as the best 不亚於任何人或事物: * As a dancer, he is second to none. 他的舞艺无出其右. (For other idioms containing second, see the other major words in each idiom 查阅其他含有second一词的习语, 见该习语中含有其他主要词的词条, 如 get one's second wind =>wind1.) 派生： second adv in second place; second in order or importance 以第二位: The English swimmer came second. 英国游泳选手得了第二名. * I agreed to speak second. 我同意让我第二个发言. secondly adv in the second place; furthermore 第二; 其次: First(ly), it's too expensive; and secondly, it's very ugly. 一来太贵, 二来很难看. =>Usage at first2 用法见first2.

second1
复合： ,second-`best adj 1 next after the best 仅次於最好的: my ,second-best `suit 我的这身套装, 仅次於最好的那套 * the second-best performance of the tournament 联赛中仅次於最好的那一场. 2 not as good as one would really like 未达到最喜欢的程度的: I like live music: for me, records are definitely second-best. 我喜欢现场演奏的音乐, 听唱片可没那麽好. 3 (idm 习语) come off ,second-`best fail to win; fail to do as well as sb else 未获胜的; 做得不如他人的: When they have to choose between quality and price, quality usually comes off second-best. 他们在质量和价格作取舍时, 往往要牺牲质量. n [U] person or thing that is not as good as the best 第二等的人或事物: I'm used to high quality and won't take second-best. 我用惯高质量的东西, 差一点儿的都不行. ,second `chamber upper house in a law-making body 议会的上议院. ,second `class(a) standard of accommodation, etc that is of lower quality than first class （住宿等的级别的）二等: [attrib 作定语] a second-class carriage on the train 火车的二等车厢. (b) category of mail that is given less priority than first-class mail 二等邮件（次於获优先处理的一等邮件）: Second class is cheaper. 二等邮件较便宜. * [attrib 作定语] ,second-class `letters 二等邮件的信. ,second-`class adj 1 of the second-best group or category 第二等的; 第二级的: a second-class degree in history 乙等荣誉历史学位. 2 (derog 贬) much less good than the best; second-rate 次等的; 二流的: a ,second-class ho`tel 次等旅馆 * The old are treated as ,second-class `citizens, ie not as well as other members of society. 老人遭次等公民待遇. adv: go/travel second-class 乘坐二等车 * It takes longer if you send it second-class. 按二等邮件寄, 花的时间长. the ,second `coming the return of Jesus Christ at the Last Judgement 基督复临（最後审判时）. ,second `cousin child of one of one's parents' first cousins or first cousin of one of one's parents 父或母的堂或表兄弟姐妹的子女; 父或母的堂或表兄弟姐妹.Cf 参看 cousin.

second2
,second-de`gree adj [attrib 作定语] (of burns) of the type that is next to the most serious （指烧伤）二度的. ,second `floor floor above the first (in Britain two floors, in US one floor, above the ground) 叁楼（英国用法）; 二楼（美国用法）: [attrib 作定语] a ,second-floor a`partment 二楼的一套公寓. ,second-`guess v [Tn] (esp US infml 口) 1 comment on or criticize (an action, a decision, etc) after its results have become clear （事後）评论或批评（某行动、 决定等）: It's easy to second-guess the casting of the film, eg say that the wrong actors were chosen. 事後指摘影片选角不当确很容易. 2 make a better guess than (sb) 比（某人）猜得准: The papers have all been trying to second-guess each other about the President's next move. 各报一直在竞相猜测总统的下一步行动. 3 guess (what is going to happen) 猜测（要发生的事）: Don't try to second-guess the outcome. 不要猜测结果. ,second-`hand adj, adv 1 previously owned by sb else 二手（的）（曾属於他人的）: a ,second-hand `car, `suit, `camera 二手的汽车、 套装、 照相机 * a ,second-hand `bookshop, ie a shop selling second-hand books 旧书店 * I rarely buy anything second-hand. 我很少买二水货.2 (of news, information, etc) obtained from others, not from personal experience, etc （指新闻、 信息等）二手（的）, 得自他人（的）: ,second-hand `gossip 辗转听到的流言蜚语 * get news second-hand 间接得到的消息. ,second lieu`tenant army officer next below lieutenant陆军少尉. =>App 9 见附录9. ,second-`rate adj of poor quality; not very good 二流的; 次等的; 劣质的: a ,second-rate `actor, `script, per`formance二流的演员、 剧本、 表演 * His novels are very second-rate. 他写的小说很不怎麽样. ,second `sight ability to know what is going to happen, or to see events happening far away (as if one were present) 预知未来或见到遥远事物的能力.

second3
,second-`string adj [attrib 作定语] (of a sports player) being a substitute, rather than a regular player （指运动员）替补的.

secondary
[5sekEndri; - -deri; 5sekEn7deri] adj 1 ~ (to sth) coming after sth that is first or primary; of less importance, value, etc than what is primary 第二的; 次要的: * Such considerations are secondary to our main aim of improving efficiency. 对於我们提高效率的主要目的来说, 这些想法都是次要的. * Her age is of secondary interest. 她的年龄不太重要. * secondary stress, eg on thefirst syllable of `,sacri`ficial' 次重音 * secondary picketing,eg of a company that is thought to be helping the employers of the workers on strike 第二纠察线（协助罢工工人的雇主的）. 2 dependent on, caused by or derived from sth that is original or primary 从属的; 引伸出的; 次生的; 继发性的: * secondary literature, eg criticism or reviews of an author's work 二次文献（如对某作者作品的评论） * a secondary colour, ie one produced by mixing two primary colours 二次色（由两原色混合而成的） * a secondary infection, ie one which occurs as a result of another illness 继发感染. 3 [attrib 作定语] following primary or (in the US) elementary or junior high schools 中等教育的: * a secondary school 中学 * secondary education 中等教育. Cf 参看 primary. > secondarily[-drEli; - 7sekEn5derEli; 7sekEn5derEli] adv.

secrecy
[5si:krEsi; 5sikrEsi] n 1 [U] keeping secrets; ability or tendency to keep secrets; state of being secret 保密; 保密能力: * rely on sb's secrecy 信赖某人的保密能力 * his obsessive secrecy about his work 他对工作的强迫性保密观念 * The meeting was arranged with the utmost secrecy, ie very secretly. 会议绝对保密. * the secrecy that still surrounds the accident 对该事故仍讳莫如深. 2 (idm 习语) swear sb to secrecy =>swear.

secret
[5si:krit; 5sikrit] adj 1 ~ (from sb) kept or intended to be kept from the knowledge or view of others; not known by others 秘密的; 保密的; 机密的: * a secret marriage, document, meeting 秘密结婚、 文件、 会议 * keep sth secret from one's family 不让家人知道某事 * She escaped through a secret door. 她通过暗道逃走了. * The party was given secret financial support by some foreign backers. 该党得到外国一些支持者的秘密资助. 2 [attrib 作定语] not openly declared or admitted 不公开说的; 不公开承认的: * I'm a secret fan of soap operas on TV. 我从不声张我是电视连续剧迷. 3 [attrib 作定语] (of a place) secluded or quiet （指地方）人迹罕至的, 幽静的: * my secret cottage in the country 我在郊野的寂静小舍. 4 [esp pred 尤作表语] (fml 文) fond of keeping secrets; secretive 爱保密. 派生： secret n 1 fact, decision, etc that is or must be kept secret 秘密; 机密: keep a secret, ie not tell it to anyone else 保守秘密 * The wedding date's a big secret. 举行婚礼的日期是一大秘密. * Are you going to let him in on (ie tell him) the secret? 你想让他知道这个秘密吗? * He made no secret of his dislike for me, ie made it very clear.他并不讳言他不喜欢我. 2 method of doing or achieving sth that not many people know 秘诀; 诀窍; 窍门: the secret of success 成功的秘诀 * What's your secret for this wonderful pastry? 你做的酥馅饼真好, 有什麽诀窍?3 anything not properly understood or difficult to understand; mystery 奥秘; 神秘的事物: the secrets of nature 自然界的奥秘. 4 (idm 习语) in `secret without others knowing 偷偷的; 暗地的: meet in secret 私下会见 * leave the country in secret 秘密去国. in the `secret (dated 旧) among those who know the secret 知道秘密或内情: Is your brother in the secret? 你哥哥知道内情吗? an open secret =>open1. secretly adv.

secret1
复合： ,secret `agent (also agent) person working secretlyfor a government and trying to find out secret information, esp the military secrets of another government; spy 特工人员; 特务; 间谍. ,secret po`lice police force that works in secret to ensure that citizens behave as their government wants 秘密警察. ,secret `service government department dealing with espionage and counter-espionage 特务机关.

secretariat
[7sekrE'teEriEt; 7sekrE'teriEt] n 1 administrative department of a large organization 秘书处; 书记处. 2 staff or office of a Secretary-General or of a government Secretary 秘书长、 国务大臣或国务卿的全体工作人员或办公厅: * the UN secretariat in New York 在纽约的联合国秘书处.

secretary
[5sekrEtri; - -rEteri; 5sekrE7teri] n 1 employee in an office, usu working for another person, dealing with letters, typing, filing, etc and making appointments and arrangements 秘书; 书记: * I sometimes think my secretary runs the firm. 我有时认为是我的秘书经管着公司. 2 official of a club, society, etc who deals with its correspondence, records, or business affairs （俱乐部、 协会等的）干事, 文书. 3 Secretary (a) = Secretary of State . (b) (Brit) senior Civil Servant 高级文职官员. (c) (US) head of a government department 部长: * Secretary of the Treasury 财政部长. 派生： secretarial[7sekrE'teEriEl; 7sekrE'teriEl] adj of (the work of) secretaries 秘书（的工作）的: * secretarial staff, duties, training, colleges 任秘书的工作人员、 秘书工作、 秘书培训、 秘书专科学校. 复合： ,Secretary-`General n (pl Secretaries-General) chief official in charge of a large organization (eg the UNO) 秘书长（如联合国的）. ,Secretary of `State 1 (also Secretary, minister) (Brit) head of one of the major government departments 大臣: the Secretary of State for Home Affairs, Defence, etc 内政、 国防等大臣 * the Home, Defence, etc Secretary 内政、 国防等大臣. 2 (US) head of the Foreign Affairs department 国务卿.

secrete
[si'kri:t; si'krit] v (fml 文) 1 [Tn] (of an organ) produce (a substance, usu liquid) either as waste material or for use within the body （指器官）分泌（某物质）: * The kidneys secrete urine. 肾脏是分泌尿液的器官. * Saliva is secreted by glands in the mouth. 唾液是由口腔的唾液腺分泌出来的. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] put or keep (sth) in a secret place; hide 隐藏（某物）; 藏匿: * money secreted in a drawer 藏在抽屉里的钱. 派生： secretion/si'kri:Fn; si'kriFEn] n (fml 文) 1 [U] secreting (secrete 1) or being secreted 分泌: * the secretion of bile by the liver 肝脏分泌出的胆汁. 2 [C] substance that is secreted, eg saliva, bile, etc 分泌物（如唾液、 胆汁等）. 3 [U] secreting (secrete 2) or being secreted 隐藏; 藏匿.

secretive
[5si:krEtiv; 5sikrEtiv] adj liking to keep things secret or to hide one's thoughts, feelings, etc 爱保密的; 爱把思想、 感情等深藏不露的: * a secretive nature 事事保密的天性. > secretively adv. secretiveness n [U].

sect
[sekt; sekt] n (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) group of people who share (esp religious) beliefs or opinions which differ from those of most people 派别; 宗派; （尤指）教派: * a minor Christian sect 基督教的一个小教派.

sectarian
[sek'teEriEn; sek'teriEn] adj 1 of a sect or sects 派别的; 宗派的; （尤指）教派的: * sectarian violence, ie between members of different religious sects 教派之 间的暴力斗争. 2 (derog 贬) showing a lack of tolerance or concern for those outside one's own sect, class, etc 派性的; 闹宗派的: * sectarian views 派性观点 * Sectarian politics are ruining the country's economy. 派系政治危害着国家的经济. 派生： sectarianism[-izEm; -izEm] n [U] (often derog 常作贬义) tendency to split up into sects; tendency to be sectarian(2) 宗派主义.

section
[5sekFn; 5sekFEn] n 1 [C] any of the parts into which sth may be or has been divided 部分: * This section of the road is closed. 这段路已经封闭. * White lines divide the playing area into sections. 这些白线把赛区分成各个部分. * the practical sections of the course 该课程的实践部分. 2 [C] any one of a number of parts that can be fitted together to make a structure 部件; 零件: * the three sections of a fishing-rod 钓鱼杆的叁节 * The shed comes in sections that you assemble yourself. 这个棚子有几个部分, 要由自己组装起来. 3 [C] separate group within a body of people 集体中的小团体; 小集团: * Farm workers make up only a small section of the population. 农民只占人口的一小部分. * a discontented section of the army 军队里心怀不满的人. 4 [C] department of an organization, institution, etc （组织、 机构等的）部门, 处, 科, 组, 股: * the library's extensive biology section 图书馆中有大量图书的生物学部 * the woodwind section of the orchestra, ie players of woodwind instruments 乐队中的木管乐组. 5 [C] separate part of a document, book, etc （文件、 书等的）节, 款, 项, 段: * section 4, subsection 2 of the treaty 条约中的第4节第2小节 * the financial section of the newspaper 报纸上的金融栏 * The report has a section on accidents at work. 报告中有一段谈到工作中的事故问题. 6 [C] (a) (US) piece of land one mile square, equal to 640 acres (about 260 hectares) 一平方英里的面积（等於640英亩或约260公顷）. (b) (esp US) area of a town 市镇的范围; 市区: * the business, residential, shopping section 商业区、 住宅区、 购物区. 7 [C] view or representation of sth seen as if cut straight through from top to bottom 纵剖面; 纵断面; 纵切面: * This illustration shows a section through the timber. 本图所示为木材的纵剖面. 8 (medical 医) (a) [U] process of cutting or separating sth surgically 切除; 切开:

section1
* the section of a diseased organ 切除患病器官. (b) [C] piece cut or separated in this way 切除或切开的部分; 切片: * put a section of tissue under the microscope 把组织的切片放在显微镜下. 派生： section v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] divide (sth) into sections 将（某物）分成部分: a library sectioned into subject areas 按科目划分的图书馆. 2 [Tn] (medical 医) cut or separate (tissue, etc) 切除或切开（组织等）. sectional[-FEnl; -FEnl] adj 1 made or supplied in sections (section 2) 组装的; 组合的: * a sectional fishing-rod 分节的钓鱼杆 * sectional furniture 组合家具. 2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] of a group or groups within a community, etc 社会中某群体的: * sectional interests, ie the different and often conflicting interests of various parts of the community 不同群体的利益 * sectional jealousies, rivalry, etc 不同群体之间的倾轧、 竞争等. sectionalism[-FEnElizEm; -FEnl7izEm] n [U] (usu derog 通常作贬义) too much concern for the good of one's own section of the community, rather than that of everybody 本位主义.

sector
[5sektE(r); 5sektl] n 1 part of a circle lying between two straight lines drawn from the centre to the circumference 扇形. => illus at circle 见circle插图. 2 part or branch of a particular area of activity, esp of a country's economy （活动领域的）部门; （尤指）经济领域: * the manu`facturing sector, ie all the manufacturing industries of a country 制造业 * the `service sector, eg hotels, restaurants, etc 服务性行业. 3 any of the parts of a battle area, or of an area under military control 战区; 防区: * an enemy attack in the southern sector 敌军对南部战区的进攻.

secular
[5sekjulE(r); 5sekjEll] adj 1 not concerned with spiritual or religious affairs; worldly 现世的; 世俗的: * secular education, art, music 世俗教育、 艺术、 音乐 * the secular power, ie the State contrasted with theChurch 政权（非教会之权）. 2 (of priests) not belonging to a community of monks （指教士）不属修道院的: * the secular clergy, ie parish priests, etc 教区神职人员. 派生： secularism[-lErizEm; -lEr7izEm] n [U] belief that morality, education, etc should not be based on religion 现世主义; 世俗主义. secularist[-lErist; -lErist] n believer in or supporter of secularism 现世主义者; 世俗主义者. secularize, -ise[-lEraiz; -lEr7aiz] v [Tn] (fml 文) make (sth) secular 使（某事物）现世化, 世俗化: * secularize church property, courts, education 使教会财产、 法院、 教育不受教会控制 * Is the country more secularized nowadays? 现在该国的宗教影响力减弱了吗?

secure
[si'kjuE(r); si'kjur] adj 1 ~ (about sth) not feeling worry, doubt, etc 无忧虑的; 无疑虑的: * feel secure about one's future 对自己的前途无忧无虑 * a secure faith, belief, etc 明确的信仰、 信念. 2 not likely to be lost or to fail; certain; guaranteed 有把握的; 确切的; 有保证的: * a secure investment 无风险的投资 * have a secure job in the Civil Service 在政府部门有一份稳定的工作 * Her place in the history books is secure. 她一定名垂青史. 3 firmly fixed; not likely to fall, be broken, etc; reliable 牢固的; 稳固的; 可靠的: * A climber needs secure footholds. 攀登的人脚踩的地方要很牢固. * Is that ladder secure? 那个梯子安全吗? 4 ~ (against/from sth) (fml 文) safe; protected 安全的; 受保护的: * The strong-room is as secure as we can make it. 我们的保险库建造得十分安全. * Are we secure from attack here? 我们这里受不到攻击吧? * When you're insured, you're secure against loss. 只要买了保险就不会遭受损失. 派生： secure v 1 [Tn] fix (sth) firmly; fasten 将（某物）固定住; 缚住; 系住: Secure all the doors and windows before leaving. 要把所有门窗关好再出门. * secure the ladder with ropes 用绳子把梯子捆好. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (against/from sth) make sth safe; protect 使某事物安全; 保护: secure a building (from collapse) 将建 物加固（以免倒塌） * Can the town be secured against attack? 能保护这个市镇不受攻击吗? * (fig 比喻) The new law will secure the civil rights of the mentally ill. 这一新法则可保障精神病患者享有公民权. 3 [Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (for sb/sth) (fml 文) obtain sth, sometimes with difficulty 得到某事物（有时有困难）: We'll need to secure a bank loan. 我们需获银行贷款. * They've secured government backing (for the project). 他们得到政府（对该计画）的支持. securely adv.

security
[si'kjuErEti; si'kjurEti] n 1 [U] freedom or protection from danger or worry 安全; 保护; 保障: * children who lack the security of a good home 缺乏良好家庭照顾的儿童 * have the security of a guaranteed pension 有保证可获养老金的保障. 2 [U] measures taken to prevent spying, attacks, theft, etc （防刺探、 攻击、 偷盗等的）安全措施: * There was tight security for the Pope's visit, eg Many police officers guarded him. 为教皇到访采取了严密的保安措施. * We need greater security in car parks. 我们需要加强停车场的安全措施. * national security, ie the defence of a country 国家的防卫 * [attrib 作定语] security forces, eg police, troops, etc fighting terrorism 保安部队 * a security van, eg for transporting money 保安车（如解送金钱的） * a high security prison, ie for dangerous criminals 戒备森严的监狱. 3 [C, U] jewellery, insurance policies, etc that can be used to guarantee that one will pay back borrowed money or keep a promise 抵押品: * lend money on security, ie in return for sth given as security 收取抵押品贷出款项 * give sth as (a) security 以某物作抵押. Cf 参看 guarantee1 1. 4 securities [pl] documents or certificates showing who owns stock, bonds, shares, etc 证券: * government securities, ie for money lent to a government 政府证券. 复合： the Se`curity Council the permanent peace-keeping body of the United Nations, with five permanent and ten elected members （联合国）安全理事会. se`curity risk person who, because of his political beliefs, personal habits, etc may endanger the security of the state, eg by revealing secrets to an enemy （威胁国家安全的）危险人物: She's a poor/good security risk. 她是个不太[十分]危险的人. se`curity guard guard who wears a uniform and provides protection, eg in a public building or when money is being moved between banks 保安人员; 护卫员.

sedan
[si'dAn; si'dAn] n 1 = saloon4. 2 (also se,dan-`chair) box containing a seat for one person, carried on poles by two people, esp in the 17th and 18th centuries 轿子（尤指17及18世纪的）.

sedate
1[si'deit; si'det] adj (of a person or his behaviour) calm and dignified; composed （指人或人的行为）安静的, 庄重的, 镇静的, 沉着的. > sedately adv. sedateness n [U].

sedentary
[5sedntri; - -teri; 5sedn7teri] adj 1 (of work) done sitting down （指工作）坐着做的: * a sedentary job, occupation, etc 坐着做的工作、 坐着做工作的职业. 2 (of people) spending a lot of time seated （指人）久坐的: * a sedentary worker 工作上需要久坐的人 * lead a sedentary life 过着久坐不动的生活.

sedge
[sedV; sedV] n [U] grass-like plant growing in marshes or near water 莎草; 草. 派生： sedgy adj covered or bordered with sedge 长着莎草或 草的; 周围有莎草或 草的.

sediment
[5sedimEnt; 5sedEmEnt] n [U] 1 matter that settles to the bottom of a liquid 沉淀物: * a wine with a gritty sediment 有沙粒状沉淀物的葡萄酒. 2 matter (eg sand, gravel, mud, etc) carried by water or wind and deposited on the surface of the land 沉积物（如沙、 砾石、 泥等）. 派生： sedimentary[7sedi'mentri; 7sedE'mentEri] adj of or like sediment; formed from sediment （似）沉淀物的; 由沉淀物形成的: * sedimentary rocks, eg sandstone, limestone, slate 沉积岩（如砂岩、 石灰岩、 板岩）. sedimentation[7sedimen'teiFn; 7sedEmen'teFEn] n [U] (geology 地质) process of depositing sediment 沉淀; 沉积.

sedition
[si'diFn; si'diFEn] n [U] words or actions intended to make people rebel against the authority of the State 煽动叛乱的言论或行动: * speeches advocating open sedition 鼓动公开叛乱的讲话. 派生： seditious/si'diFEs; si'diFEs] adj of, causing or spreading sedition 煽动性的; 叛乱性的: * seditious actions, speeches, writings, etc 煽动性的行为、 言语、 文字等. seditiously adv.

seduce
[si'dju:s; - -'du:s; si'dus] v 1 [Tn] tempt (esp sb younger or less experienced) to have sexual intercourse 引诱（尤指年轻或无经验的人）性交: * He's trying to seduce his secretary. 他竭力勾引他的秘书. * (fig 比喻) Men are seduced (ie charmed) by her beauty and wit. 她才貌双全倾倒众生. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from sth); ~ sb (into sth/doing sth) (fml 文) persuade sb to do sth wrong, or sth he would not normally do, esp by offering sth desirable as a reward, etc 唆使某人做坏事或不至於做的事（尤指提供好处）: * I won't be seduced from my duty. 我不会受人怂做渎职的事. * Higher salaries are seducing many teachers into industry. 在高薪利诱之下, 许多教师改行进入工业界. * I let myself be seduced into buying a new car. 我情不自禁买了一辆新汽车. 派生： seducer n person who seduces sb, esp into sexual intercourse 引诱者, 勾引者（尤指为性交）.

seduction
[si'dQkFn; si'dQkFEn] n 1 [C, U] (act of) seducing or being seduced 引诱; 勾引: * the art of seduction 诱惑之术 * her seduction by an older man 她受到年纪较大男子的勾引. 2 seductions [pl] (fml 文) charming or attractive features 诱惑力; 吸引力: * the seductions of country life 田园生活的魅力.

seductive
[si'dQktiv; si'dQktiv] adj tending to seduce, charm or tempt sb; attractive 诱人的; 有魅力的; 有吸引力的: * a seductive woman, smile, look 有魅力的女子、 微笑、 样子 * This offer of a high salary and a free house is very seductive. 这种高薪加免费住房的条件十分诱人. > seductively adv. seductiveness n [U].

sedulous
[5sedjulEs; - 'sedVulEs; 5sedVElEs] adj (fml 文) showing much hard work, steady effort or care 勤勉的; 不懈的; 细心的: * a sedulous researcher, journalist, etc 勤奋的研究人员、 新闻工作者等 * sedulous work, study, etc 细心的工作、 研究等 * pay sedulous attention to details 一丝不苟. > sedulously adv.

see
1[si:; si] v (pt saw/sC:; sC] , pp seen/si:n; sin] ) * USING THE EYES 见到 1 [Tn, Tf, Tw, Tng, Tni] (not in the continuous tenses 不用於进行时态) become aware of (sb/sth) by using the eyes; perceive 看见（某人[某物]）; 察觉: He looked for her but couldn't see her in the crowd. 他寻找她, 但人群中看不见有她. * I looked out of the window but saw nothing. 我向窗外望去, 什麽也没看见. * He could see (that) she had been crying. 他察觉到她哭过. * If you watch carefully you will see how I do it/how it is done. 你要是仔细观察, 就能看出我是怎麽做的[这是怎麽做的]. * Did you see what happened? 你看见有什麽事了吗? * I hate to see you so unhappy, ie in such an unhappy state. 我可不愿意看见你这麽不高兴. * She was seen running away from the scene of the crime. 有人看见她从犯罪现场跑开. * I saw him put the key in the lock, turn it and open the door. 我看见他把钥匙插进锁孔、 转动钥匙, 然後打开了门. * She was seen to enter the building about the time the crime was committed. 有人看见她约在案发时进入了该建 物. 2 [I, Ipr, Ip] (not usu in the continuous tenses; often used with can and could 通常不用於进行时态, 常与can和could连用) have or use the power of sight 看; 看见: If you shut your eyes you can't see. 要是把眼睛闭上就什麽也看不见了. * On a clear day you can see for miles from the top of the tower. 天气晴朗时, 从塔顶上能看到很远的地方. * It was getting dark and I couldn't see to read. 天渐渐黑了, 我看不见字, 无法再阅读了. * She'll never (be able to) see again, ie She has become blind. 她再也看不见东西了（她失明了）. * Move out of the way, please: I can't see through you! 请借光, 你挡着我就看不见了! =>Usage at feel1 用法见feel1. * LOOKING AT 观看 3 [Tn] (not usu in the continuous tenses 通常不用於进行时态) look at or watch (sth)看（某物）: In the evening we went to see a film. see-saw /// [5si:sC:; 5si7sC] n 1 [C] long plank, balanced on a centre support, and with a person sitting at each end, which can rise and fall alternately 跷跷板: * have a go on the see-saw 玩跷跷板. 2 [sing] (a) up-and-down or to-and-fro motion 上下或往复的移动: * the slow see-saw of the branch in the wind 树枝在风中缓缓摇动. (b) (fig 比喻) long series of rises and falls 一长串的起伏: * Changing demand causes a see-saw in prices. 需求不断变化造成价格反覆涨跌. 派生： see-saw v [I] 1 play on a see-saw 玩跷跷板. 2 (a) move up and down or to and fro 上下或往复移动: a branch see-sawing in the wind 随风摇曳的树枝. (b) (fig 比喻) rise and fall in turn, or move from one position, opinion, etc to another repeatedly 反覆升降; 反覆改变位置、 意见等: Prices see-saw according to demand. 物价随需求变化而反覆涨跌. * public opinion see-sawing continuously 不断变来变去的舆论.

see1
* Have you seen the new production of `Hamlet' at the Playhouse? 你在大剧院看过新排演的《哈姆雷特》吗? * Fifty thousand people saw the match. 有五万人观看了这场比赛. 4 [Tn] (only in the imperative 仅用於祈使句) look at (sth) in order to find information 参看; 参见; 见: See page 158. 参看第158页. * MEETING 遇见或会晤 5 [Tn] (not usu in the continuous tenses 通常不用於进行时态) be near and recognize (sb); meet (sb) by chance 遇见, 碰见（某人）: I saw your mother in town today. 我今天在城里碰见你母亲了. * Guess who I saw at the party yesterday? 你猜我昨天在聚会上遇见谁了? 6 (a) [Tn] visit 看望; 探望: Come and see us again soon. 有空儿再到我们这儿来坐坐. (b) [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sb (about sth) have a meeting with sb 会晤某人: I'm seeing my solicitor tomorrow. 我明天去见律师. * You ought to see (ie consult ) a doctor. 你应该去看看病. * What is it you want to see (ie talk with) me about? 你来找我有什麽事? 7 [Tn] receive a call or visit from (sb) 接见（访客）: The manager can only see you for five minutes. 经理只能接待你五分钟. * She's too ill to see anyone at present. 她现在病得不能会客. 8 [Tn] (used esp in the continuous tenses 尤用於进行时态) spend time in the company of (sb) 与（某人）在一起: She doesn't want to see him any more. 她不想再和他来往了. * She's seeing (ie having a relationship with) a married man. 她现在总和一个结了婚的男子在一起. * GRASPING WITH THE MIND OR IMAGINATION理解或想像 9 [I, Tn, Tf, Tw] (not usu in continuous tenses 通常不用於进行时态) perceive (sth) with the mind; understand (sth) 领会; 理解; 明白: `The door opens like this.’ `Oh, I see.’ ‘这门是这样开的.’‘噢, 我明白了.’ * He didn't see the joke. 他没听懂这个笑话. * I don't think she saw the point of the story. 我看她没有明白那故事的意思. * I can see (ie recognize) the advantages of the scheme. 我意识到这个计画的优点.

see2
* Can't you see (that) he's deceiving you? 你还不明白他是欺骗你吗? * Do you see what I mean? 你明白我的意思吗? 10 [Tn] (not usu in the continuous tenses 通常不用於进行时态) have an opinion of (sth); interpret (sth) 有对（某事物）的看法; 解释（某事物）: I see things differently now. 我现在的看法不同了. * Try to see the matter from her point of view. 尽量用她的观点来看这件事. 11 [Tng, Cn.n/a] ~ sb/sth as sth (not in the continuous tenses 不用於进行时态) visualize; imagine; envisage 设想; 想像: I can't see her changing her mind. 我无法想像她会改变主意. * Her colleagues see her as a future Prime Minister. 她的同事设想她将来能当首相. * DISCOVERING OR CHECKING 发觉或查看 12 (not usu in the continuous tenses 通常不用於进行时态) (a) [I, Tf, Tw no passive 不用於被动语态] find out or discover by looking or searching or asking （经观看、 寻找、 询问）了解或发觉: `Has the postman been yet?’ `I'll just go and see.’ ‘邮递员来过了吗?’‘我去看看.’ * Go and see if/whether the postman has been yet. 去看看邮递员来过了吗. * I see (that) (ie I have read in the newspapers that) there is going to be a general election in France. 我了解到法国要举行大选了. * Could you go and see what the children are doing? 你去看看孩子们干什麽呢, 好吗? * `Is he going to recover?’ `I don't know, we'll just have to wait and see.’ ‘他的病能好吗?’‘我不知道, 我们只能等着瞧了.’ (b) [I, Tw] find out or discover by thinking or considering （经思考）了解或发觉: `Do you think you'll be able to help us?’ `I don't know; I'll have to see.’ ‘你看你能帮助我们吗?’‘我不知道, 我得先考虑一下.’ * I'll see what I can do to help. 我要考虑考虑看能帮上忙吗. 13 [Tf] (not usu in the continuous tenses 通常不用於进行时态) make sure; ensure; check 一定注意到; 保证; 检查: See that all the doors are locked before you leave. 你一定要查看一下门都锁好再走.

see3
* Could you see (that) the children are in bed by 8 o'clock? 你务必让孩子们8点钟上床睡觉, 行吗? * I'll see that it's done. 我管保这件事情能办好. * EXPERIENCING OR WITNESSING 经历或目睹 14 [Tn] (not in the continuous tenses 不用於进行时态) experience or undergo (sth) 经历或进行（某事）: This coat of mine has seen hard wear, ie has been worn a lot. 我这件大衣穿了很久了. * He has seen a great deal in his long life. 他在漫长的一生中经历过很多事. 15 [Tn] (not in the continuous tenses 不用於进行时态) (a) be the time when (an event) happens; witness 为（某事）发生之时; 目睹: This year sees the tercentenary of Handel's birth. 今年是韩德尔诞辰叁百周年. (b) be the scene or setting of (sth) 为（某事）的现场或背景: This stadium has seen many thrilling football matches. 在这个体育场里举行过很多精彩的足球赛. * OTHER MEANINGS 其他意义 16 [Tn.pr, Tn.p] accompany or escort 陪伴; 护送: He saw her to the door. 他把她送到门口. * I saw the old lady across (ie helped her to cross) the road. 我搀扶着老太太穿过马路. * May I see you home (ie go with you as far as your house)? 我送你回家好吗? * My secretary will see you out. 我让秘书送你出去. 17 [Tn] (in gambling games) equal (a bet); equal the bet of (another player) （赌博中）下相同（赌注）; 下与（另一人）相同的赌注. 18 (idm 习语) for all (the world) to `see clearly visible 显眼; 醒目. ,see for one`self find out or witness sth in order to be convinced or satisfied 亲眼看; 亲自去看: If you don't believe that it's snowing, go and see for yourself! 你要是不相信正在下雪, 你去看看! seeing that... in view of the fact that...; since...; because... 鉴於...; 由於...; 因为...: Seeing that he's ill, he's unlikely to come. 因为他病了, 他大概不来了. see a lot, nothing, etc of sb be often, never, etc in the company of sb 经常、 从不...和某人在一起: They've seen a lot/nothing/little/more/less of each other recently. 他们最近经常[从不/很少/频频/减少]来往. `see you; (I'll) be `seeing you (infml 口) goodbye 再见: I'd better be going now. See you! 我得走了. 回见! see you a`round (infml 口) = see you. (For other idioms containing see, see entries for ns, adjs, etc 查阅与see配搭的其他习语见有关名词、 形容词等的词条, 如 see the light =>light1; see red =>red2.)

see4
19 (phr v) see about sth/doing sth deal with sth; attend to sth 处理或照看某事物: I must see about (ie prepare) lunch soon. 我得马上去做午饭了. * I'll have to see about getting the roof mended. 我得去照料修理屋顶这件事. * He says he won't co-operate, does he? Well, we'll soon see about that! ie I will insist that he does co-operate. 他说他不愿意合作, 是吗? 好, 我们非办办这件事不可! （我一定得让他合作. ） see sth in sb/sth find sb/sth attractive or interesting 觉得某人[某事物]有吸引力或有意思: I can't think what she sees in him. 我想不通她看上他什麽了. see sb off (a) go to a railway station, airport, etc to say goodbye to sb who is about to start a journey 到火车站、 飞机场等处为某人送行: We all went to the airport to see her off. 我们都去飞机场为她送行了. (b) force sb to leave a place, eg by chasing him 强迫某人离开某处（如赶走）: The farmer saw the boys off with a heavy stick. 农场主拿着大棍子把那些男孩子赶跑了. see sth out (not in the continuous tenses 不用於进行时态) last until the end of sth 持续到某事物结束: We have enough coal to see the winter out. 我们有足够的煤过冬. see over sth visit and examine or inspect (a place) carefully 仔细查看、 检查或观察（某处）: I shall need to see over the house before I can make you an offer. 我得先看看房子, 然後才能给你出个价钱. see through sb/sth (not in the continuous tenses 不用於进行时态) not be deceived by sb/sth 看穿或看透某人[某事物]（不受骗）; 识破: We all saw through him, ie realized what type of man he really was. 我们都看透了他的为人. * I can see through your little game, ie am aware of the trick you are trying to play on me. 我已经看穿了你的鬼把戏. see sth through (not usu in the continuous tenses 通常不用於进行时态) not abandon a task, undertaking, etc until it is finished 把某任务、 事情等进行到底: She's determined to see the job through. 她决心把这项工作干到底.

see5
see sb through (sth) (not in the continuous tenses 不用於进行时态) satisfy the needs of, help or support sb for a particular (esp difficult) period of time 满足某人的需要, 帮助或支持某人（尤指困难时）: Her courage and good humour saw her through the bad times. 她有志气、 性格刚强, 有助於她渡过难关. * That overcoat should see me through the winter. 有那件大衣我应该能过冬了. * I've only got 10 to see me through until pay-day! 我只有10英镑, 要熬到发薪那天了! see to sth attend to or deal with sth 照看或处理某事物: This machine isn't working; get a mechanic to see to it. 这台机器坏了, 找技工来修理一下吧. * Will you see to the arrangements for the next committee meeting? 你来处理下次委员会会议安排, 好吗? see to it that... make sure that... 一定注意到...; 务必...: See to it that you're ready on time! 到时候你千万要准备好!

seed
[si:d; sid] n 1 (a) [C] part of a plant from which a new plant of the same kind can grow 种子: * a tiny poppy seed 小小的罂粟籽 * sow a row of seeds 播种一行种子. (b) [U] quantity of these for planting, feeding birds, etc （种植、 喂鸟等的）种子: * a handful of grass seed 一把草籽 * Sweet pea seed can be sown in May. 香豌豆籽可在五月份种上. (c) [attrib 作定语] (to be) used for planting 用作种子的: * seed corn, potatoes, etc 作种子用的谷物、 马铃薯等. 2 [U] (dated fml 旧, 文) semen 精液: * the fruit of his seed, ie his child or children 他的孩子. 3 [C] (esp in tennis) seeded (seed v 4) player （尤指网球的）种子选手: * a final between the first and second seeds 一号和二号种子选手的决赛. 4 (idm 习语) go/run to seed (a) (of a plant) stop flowering as seed is produced （指植物）花谢结子. (b) (fig 比喻) begin to look shabby or become less able, efficient, etc 衰败; （能 力、 效力等）减弱: * He started to drink too much and gradually ran to seed. 他喝酒过多, 身体逐渐衰弱了. (plant/sow) the seeds of sth the cause or origin of sth 某事物的起因或根源: * Are the seeds of criminal behaviour sown early in life? 犯罪行为的根源是否始自幼时? 派生： seed v 1 [I] (of a plant) produce seed （指植物）结子. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) sow seed in sth 将种子种在某处: a newly-seeded lawn 新近撒上草籽的草坪 * seed a field with wheat 在地里播种小麦. 3 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] remove the seeds from (sth) 除去（某物）的种子: seeded raisins 除去子的葡萄乾. 4 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (esp in tennis) select (a good player) to play against a poorer player in the early rounds of a knock-out competition, so that all the good players have a chance to reach the later rounds （尤指网球中）挑选（种子选手）与较弱选手比赛（使种子选手不至过早遭淘汰）: The seeded players all won their matches. 这些种子选手已全部获胜.

seed1
seedless adj having no seeds 无子的: seedless raisins 无子葡萄乾. seedling[5si:dling; 5sidliN] n young plant newly grown from a seed 幼苗. 复合： `seed-bed n 1 bed of fine soil for sowing seeds 苗床. 2 (fig 比喻) place or situation in which sth develops 某事物藉以发展的处所或环境: The tennis club is a seed-bed for young talent. 这个网球俱乐部是培养年轻选手的场所. `seed-cake [C, U] n cake containing seeds, eg caraway, as a flavouring 带有芳香种子（如葛缕子）的糕饼. `seed capsule capsule holding a plant's seed （包种子的）外壳. `seed-pearl n small pearl 小珍珠. `seedsman[-mEn; -mEn] n (pl -men) dealer in seeds 种子商.

seedy
[5si:di; 5sidi] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 shabby-looking; disreputable 衰败的; 破旧的; 破烂的: * a seedy old tramp 衣服破烂的流浪者 * a cheap hotel in a seedy part of town 在城里破烂地区的廉价旅店. 2 [usu pred 通常作表语] (infml 口) unwell 身体不舒服: * feeling seedy 觉得不舒服. 3 full of seeds 种子多的; 多籽的: * The grapes are delicious but very seedy. 葡萄好吃是好吃, 就是子儿太多. > seediness n [U]: * the seediness of his lodgings 他居住处之破旧状况.

seeing
[5si:iN; 5siiN] conj (also seeing that, infml 口语作 seeing as) in view of the fact that; because 由於; 因为: * Seeing (that) the weather is bad, we'll stay at home. 因为天气不好, 我们要呆在家里了.

seek
[si:k; sik] v (pt, pp sought/sC:t; sCt] ) (fml 文) 1 (a) [I, Ipr esp passive 尤用於被动语态, Tn] ~ (after/for sth) look (for sth); try to find or obtain (sth) 寻找; 找到或得到（某事物）: * We sought long and hard but found no answer. 我们费力多时也未找到答案. * seeking (for) solutions to current problems 寻找对目前问题的解决办法 * the long sought-for cure for the disease 长期寻求的治疗该疾病的方法 * young graduates seeking (after) success in life 探索人生成功之途的年轻毕业生 * It's a very/highly/much sought-after (ie popular) make of car. 这是一种极受欢迎的汽车型号. * seek happiness, comfort, wealth, etc 追求幸福、 安逸、 财富等 * seek shelter from the rain 寻找避雨之处 * seek safety in flight 逃生 * The explanation is not far to seek, ie is very clear. 这种解释不难理解. (b) [Tn] try to reach (a place or point); move towards (sth) 设法到达或达到（某处或某点）; 向（某物）移动: * Water seeks its own level. 水能自行流平. * The flood started and we had to seek higher ground. 发大水了, 我们得到高的地方去. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sb) ask sb for sth 向某人寻求某事: * seek help, advice, information, etc 请求帮助、 徵求意见、 寻找信息 * You must seek permission from the manager. 你需请求经理批准. 3 [It] attempt (to do sth); try 设法（做某事）; 试图: * seek to bring the conflict to an end 试图结束冲突 * They are seeking to mislead us. 他们竭力误导我们. 4 (idm 习语) seek one's `fortune try to find a way to become rich and successful 寻找致富及成功之道. 5 (phr v) seek sb/sth out look for and find sb/sth 找出或找到某人[某事物]: * We sought her out to tell her of her success. 我们找到她, 告诉她她成功了. * She sought out and acquired all his early paintings. 她找到并获得了他早期画的所有的画儿.

seem
[si:m; sim] 1 v [La, Ln, Ipr, It] ~ (to sb) (to be) sth; ~ like sth (not used in progressive tenses 不用於进行时态) have or give the impression or appearance of being or doing sth; appear 似乎; 好像; 仿佛: * She seems happy (to me). （我看）她好像很愉快. * Do whatever seems best. 只要觉察出是最好的, 就去做. * It seems (to me) (to be) the best solution. （依我看）这似乎是最好的解决办法. * It seemed like a disaster at the time. 在当时那就像是一场灾难. * She seems (to me) to be right/It seems (to me) that she's right. （我看）她做得对. * It would seem that..., ie a cautious way of saying, `It seems that...’ 看来似乎是...（为It seems that...的含蓄说法） * `She's leaving.’ `So it seems', ie People say so. ‘她要走了.’‘据说是这样.’ * They seem to know what they're doing. 他们好像明白他们做的事情. * I can't seem to (ie It seems that I can't) stop coughing. 我的咳嗽看来止不住了. =>Usage at appear 用法见appear. . 2 (idm 习语) it seems/seemed as if.../as though...the impression is/was given that... 看样子...; 看起来...; 似乎...; 好像...: * It always seemed as though they would marry in the end. 久而久之, 看来他们终归得结婚. 派生： seeming adj [attrib 作定语] appearing to be sth, but perhaps not being this in fact; apparent 似是而非的; 看上去的; 貌似的: seeming intelligence, interest, anger 貌似聪明、 有兴趣、 气愤 * Despite his seeming deafness, he could hear every word. 别看他好像耳背, 他每个字都听得见. seemingly adv in appearance; apparently 看上去; 表面上: They were seemingly unaware of the decision. 他们似乎并不了解这个决定.

seemly
[5si:mli; 5simli] / adj (-ier, -iest) (dated or fml 旧或文) proper and suitable by the standards of polite society 恰当的, 得体的, 适宜的（合乎礼仪的）: * seemly conduct, modesty 适度的举止、 谦虚 * It would be more seemly to tell her after the funeral. 待葬礼过後再告诉她较合适. > seemliness n [U].

seen
pp of see1.

seep
[si:p; sip] v [Ipr, Ip] ~ through (sth)[into sth/out (of sth) (of liquids) flow slowly and in small quantities through a substance （指液体）漏出, 渗出, 渗漏: * water seeping through the roof of the tunnel 从隧道顶部渗出的水 * Oil is seeping out through a crack in the tank. 油箱的裂缝漏出油来了. =>Usage at drip1 用法见drip1. 派生： seepage[5si:pidV; 5sipidV] n 1 [U, C] process of seeping 漏; 渗; 渗漏: * some seepage 有点渗漏 * reported seepages from the pipe 据称管道渗漏. 2 [U] liquid that seeps 渗漏出的液体: * a bowl to catch the seepage 承接渗出液体的盆.

seersucker
[5siEsQkE(r); 5sir7sQkl] n [U] thin striped fabric with a crinkled surface 绉条纹薄织物; 泡泡纱: * [attrib 作定语] a seersucker table-cloth 泡泡纱桌布.

seethe
[si:T; siT] v 1 [I] (of liquids) bubble and froth as if boiling （指液体）起泡, 冒泡（似沸腾）: * They fell into the seething waters of the rapids. 他们跌进了翻腾的急流中. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) (a) be crowded 拥挤: * streets seething with excited crowds 群情激动十分拥挤的街道. (b) (usu in the continuous tenses 通常用於进行时态) be very angry, agitated, etc 非常气愤、 激动等: * She was seething (with rage) at his remarks. 对於他的说法, 她（气得）火冒叁丈.

segment
[5segmEnt; 5segmEnt] n 1 (a) (geometry 几) part of a circle cut off by a line 弦（一直线切割圆, 在圆周内的部分）. =>illus at circle 见circle插图. (b) part of sth separated or marked off from the other parts; part of sth that can be separated off in the mind 分出的或标出的一部分; 想像中可分出的一部分: * She cleaned a small segment of the painting. 她把画儿上的一小部分擦乾净了. * Lines divided the area into segments. 这几条线把这个面分割成了几个部分. 2 any one of the several sections of which an orange, lemon, etc is made up （橙子、 柠檬等的）瓣: * grapefruit segments 葡萄柚瓣. 派生： segment/seg'ment; seg'ment] v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) separate into segments （将某事物）分割成弦、 部分或瓣. segmentation[7segmen'teiFn; 7segmen'teFEn] n [U, C] division into segments 分割成弦、 部分或瓣.

segregate
[5segrigeit; 5segri7get] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (from sb/sth) 1 put sb/sth in a place away from the rest; isolate 将某人[某事物]隔离、 分离或分开: * segregate cholera patients 把霍乱病人隔离开 * The two groups of fans must be segregated in the stadium. 必须把体育场中这两部分球迷隔开. 2 separate (esp a racial or religious group) from the rest of the community and treat them unfairly 将（尤指某种族或宗教团体）与社区其他人隔开并作不公平对待: * Why should the handicappedbe segregated from the able-bodied? 为什麽要把伤残人士和身体健康的人分开? * a segregated society, ie one in which some groups are segregated 有种族隔离的社会. Cf 参看 integrate. 派生： segregation[7segri5geiFn; 7segri5geFEn] n [U] segregating or being segregated; state of being segregated 隔离; 隔离状况: * a policy of racial segregation 种族隔离政策 * We oppose segregation on religious grounds. 我们反对基於宗教不同的隔离状况. Cf 参看 integration (integrate).

seismic
[5saizmik; 5saizmik] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of earthquakes 地震的: * seismic research, tremors, waves 地震的研究、 震动、 震波. 派生： seismograph[5saizmEgra:f; - -grAf; 5saizmE7grAf] n instrument for detecting earthquakes and recording how strong they are and how long they last 地震仪. seismology/saiz'mClEdVi; saiz'malEdVi] n [U] science of earthquakes 地震学. seismologist/saiz'mClEdVist; saiz'malEdVist] n.

seize
[si:z; siz] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] (a) take hold of (sth), suddenly and violently; grab 抓住, 捉住（某物）; 攫取: * an eagle seizing its prey 捉住猎物的雕 * seize hold of sth 抓住某物 * She seized me by the wrist. 她抓住我的手腕. * He seized the bag and ran off with it. 他把那个包抢跑了. (b) (of the police, customs, etc) take (stolen goods, illegal drugs, etc) away from sb （指警方、 海关等）扣押, 没收（赃物、 毒品等）: * 20 kilos of heroin were seized yesterday at Heathrow. 昨日在希思罗机场扣押了20公斤的海洛因. (c) capture (sth); take 夺取（某物）; 占领; 获得: * seize the airport in a surprise attack 突袭而占领机场 * The army has seized power. 军队夺取了政权. 2 [Tn] see (an opportunity, etc) and make use of it eagerly and at once 抓住, 把握（机会等）: * seize the chance to make some money 抓住时机赚一些钱 * Seize any opening you can. 只要有机会就要抓住. 3 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (of a strong feeling, desire, etc) affect (sb) suddenly and overwhelmingly （指强烈的感情、 愿望等）突然影响或控制（某人）: * Panic seized us. 我们惊恐万状. * We were seized by a sudden impulse to run. 我们身不由己突然想跑. 4 (phr v) seize on/upon sth recognize sth and exploit it, use it, etc eagerly and at once 意识到某事物而立即加以利用: * She seized on my suggestion and began work immediately. 她采纳了我的建议, 马上干了起来. * The critics seized on my mistake and said I was ignorant. 批评我的人抓住了我的错误就硬说我一无所知. seize up (of moving machinery) become stuck or jammed because of overheating, etc （指开动着的机器）卡住（因过热等所致）: * Your engine will seize up if you don't put some more oil in. 你再不加些润滑油, 发动机就要卡住了. * (fig 比喻) My joints seize up in the cold weather. 天气寒冷, 我的关节都冻僵了. 派生： seizure[5si:VE(r); 5siVl]

seize1
n 1 (a) [U] act of seizing by force or legal authority 扣押; 没收: * the seizure of contraband by Customs officers 海关官员对违禁品的扣押. (b) [C] instance of this 扣押; 没收: * impressive seizures of drugs 轰动一时的毒品扣押案. 2 [C] sudden attack of apoplexy, etc （中风等的）发作.

seldom
[5seldEm; 5seldEm] adv not often; rarely 不常; 罕见; 难得: * I have seldom seen such brutality. 我很少见到这种暴行. * We seldom go out. 我们不常出门. * We go out very seldom. 我们绝少外出. * The island is seldom, if ever, visited by ships. 这个岛难得有船停靠.

select
[si'lekt; sE'lekt] v [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.n/a, Cn.t] ~ sb/sth (as sth) choose sb/sth, esp as being the best or most suitable 选择, 挑选, 选拔（尤指最好的或最合适的）: * select a gift, candidate, wine 挑选礼物、 候选人、 葡萄酒 * select a card from the rack 从架子上选择贺卡 * selected as the team leader 被选中作队长 * Who has been selected to take part in the project? 挑上谁来参与这项计画? =>Usage at choose 用法见choose. 派生： select adj 1 [usu attrib 通常作定语] carefully chosen, esp as the best out of a larger group 仔细挑选的; （尤指）精选的: select passages of Milton's poetry 弥尔顿诗选. 2 (of a society, club, gathering, etc) admitting only certain people; exclusive （指会社、 俱乐部、 集会等）选择成员严格的: a select group of top scientists 最优秀科学家小组 * a film shown to a select audience 给内部观众放映的影片 * This area is very select, ie Only the most wealthy, respectable, etc people live here. 这个地方住的人很有来头（非富即贵的人住的地方）. selector n 1 person who selects (eg members of a national team) 负责挑选的人（如挑选国家队队员的人）. 2 device that selects (eg the correct gear) 选择器（如选择适当排挡的）. 复合： se,lect com`mittee (in the House of Commons) committee that checks the activities of a particular ministry or that is appointed to conduct a special investigation （下议院中的）特别委员会.

selection
[si'lekFn; sE'lekFEn] n 1 [U] selecting or being selected 挑选; 选择; 选拔: * the selection of a football team 选拔足球队员 * I'm delighted about my selection as leader. 选中了我作领导, 十分欣喜. * [attrib 作定语] the selection process 选择的过程. 2 [C] (a) number of selected items or people 挑选出的事项或人: * selections from 18th century English poetry 18世纪英国诗歌精选 * a selection of milk and plain chocolates 精选的牛奶巧克力和纯巧克力. (b) number of items from which some can be selected 可供挑选的事项: * a shop with a huge selection of paperbacks 有大量平装书可供选购的书店. 复合： se`lection committee committee appointed to select eg the members of a sports team 选拔委员会（如选拔运动员的）.

selective
[si'lektiv; sE'lektiv] adj 1 using or based on selection 选择的; 选择性的: * the selective training of recruits, ie the training of specially chosen recruits 对挑选出的新成员的培训 * a selective weed-killer, ie one that kills weeds but not other plants 选择性除草剂（专除杂草而不伤及其他植物的）. 2 ~ (about sb/sth) tending to choose carefully 挑拣的: * I'm very selective about the people I associate with. 我与他人来往极慎重, 不滥交. 派生： selectively adv. selectivity[7silek'tivEti; sE7lek'tivEti] n [U] 1 quality of being selective 选择性. 2 the power of a radio to receive broadcasts from one station without interference from other stations （收音机排除干扰的）选择性能. 复合： se,lective `service (US) selection of people for compulsory military service 义务兵役.

selenium
[si'li:niEm; sE'liniEm] n [U] (chemistry 化) non-metallic element whose power to conduct electric current increases as the light reaching it becomes more intense 硒. =>App 10 见附录10. 复合： se`lenium cell cell containing a strip of selenium, used in photo-electric devices, eg the exposure meter of a camera 硒光电池（如照相机曝光计中的）.

self
supporting

self-centred
(US -centered)[7self 'sentEd; 7self'sentld] adj (derog 贬) thinking too much about oneself and too little about others 自我中心的: * her self-centred attitude 她那自我中心的态度. > self-centredness (US -centered-) n [U].

selfish
[5selfiF; 5selfiF] adj (derog 贬) thinking first of one's own interests, needs, etc without concern for others; not sharing what one has with others; (of an action) done from selfish motives 自私的; 不顾他人的; 不与他人共享的; （指行动）出於自私动机的: * He's too selfish to think of lending me his car. 他很自私, 不想把汽车借给我. * a selfish refusal 出於自私动机的拒绝. > selfishly adv. selfishness n [U].

selfless
[5selflis; 5selflis] adj (fml 文) thinking more of others' needs and welfare than of one's own; unselfish 无私的; 不自私的: * selfless devotion to one's children 一心一意为自己的孩子. > selflessly adv. selflessnessn [U].

selfsame
[5selfseim; 5self7sem] adj [attrib 作定语] (used after the, this, that, etc 用於the、 this、 that等之後) very same; identical 同一的; 完全相同的: * She said the selfsame thing to me. 她对我讲的是完全一样的事情. * They were both born on that selfsame day. 他们俩都是那一天出生的.

sell
[sel; sel] v (pt, pp sold/sEuld; sold] ) 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ (sth) (to sb) (at/for sth) give (goods, etc) to sb who becomes their owner after paying one money 卖; 售; 销: * Can she be persuaded to sell (the house)? 能劝得她把房子卖了吗? * I won't sell to a stranger. 我不卖给生人. * sell (sth) at a high price, a loss, a discount 高价、 赔钱、 减价出售（某物） * sell (one's bike) for ￡80 以80英镑的价钱转让（自己的自行车） * sell sth by auction 拍卖某物 * sell sb into slavery, ie as a slave 把某人卖作奴隶 * I sold my car (to a friend) for ￡750. 我把汽车以750英镑卖（给朋友）了. * Will you sell me your camera? 你把照相机卖给我行吗? 2 [Tn] (a) have a stock of (sth) for sale; be a dealer in (sth) 备有（某物）出售; 经销（某物）: * a shop that sells fruit, clothes, electrical goods 出售水果、 服装、 电器的商店 * Do you sell stamps? 你们这儿卖邮票吗? (b) (of a salesperson) persuade people to buy (sth) （指推销员）推销（某物）: * I sell insurance. 我是保险业推销员. 3 [Tn] make people want to buy (sth); cause (sth) to be sold 使人买（某物）; 将（某物）卖出: * It is not price but quality that sells our shoes. 我们的鞋好卖不是因为价钱低而是因为质量好. * Her name will help to sell the film. 有她的名字, 这部影片就卖座. =>Usage 见所附用法. 4 [I, Ipr, In/pr] ~ (at/for sth) be sold; find buyers 被出售; 有销路; 有人买: * Will such a long novel sell? 这麽长的小说有人买吗? * The car is selling well. 这种汽车卖得很好. * Umbrellas sell best in winter. 雨伞在冬季最好卖. * The badges sell at 50p each. 这种纪念章50便士一个. * The group's record has sold millions. 他们的唱片已经售出了千千万万张了. 5 (infml 口) (a) [Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth/sb (to sb) make sb believe that sth/sb is good, useful, worth having, etc 使某人相信某事物[某人]好、 有用、 可取等:

sell1
* You'll never sell changes like that to the work-force. 那样的改革, 工人决不买你的帐. * a big poster campaign selling the new party 对这一新党派的大海报宣传活动 * You have to sell yourself (ie show that you are the most suitable applicant) at a job interview. 在接受求职面试时, 要毛遂自荐. (b) [Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth to sb make sb believe that sth is true 使某人相信某事属实: * sell sb an excuse, story, etc 使某人对一藉口、 一套说法等信以为真 * He tried to sell me a line about losing his wallet. 他一个劲儿地想让我相信他真把钱包丢了. 6 [Tn, Dn.pr] ~ oneself (to sb) accept a bribe, reward, etc (from sb) for doing sth bad （从某人处）接受贿赂、 报酬等而做坏事: * Are artists who work in advertising selling themselves? 艺术家做广告是不是作践自己? * The police had sold themselves to the gang leaders. 那些警察已卖身投靠匪首. 7 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (dated infml 旧, 口) cheat (sb) 欺骗（某人）: * You've been sold again. That car you bought is a wreck. 你又上当了. 你买的那辆汽车是个废物. 8 (idm 习语) be sold on sth/sb (infml 口) be enthusiastic about sth/sb 看中某事物[某人]: * I like the house but I'm not sold on the area. 我喜欢这所房子, 但相不中这个地区. be sold `out (of sth) have sold all the stock, tickets, etc 卖光存货、 票等: * The match was completely sold out. 比赛的票已售清. * We're sold out of Sunday papers, sir. 先生, 星期日的报纸我们全卖光了. sell one's `body (rhet 修辞) work as a prostitute 卖身（卖淫）. sell sb down the `river (infml 口) betray sb, usu for one's own advantage 出卖某人（尤指为个人利益）. sell one's life `dearly (fml 文) kill or wound a number of one's enemies before being killed 杀伤若干敌人後死去. sell like hot cakes => hot. sell the pass betray one's cause or one's allies 背叛自己的事业或盟友. sell sb a `pup (infml 口) sell sb sth that is worthless, or worth less than the price paid 卖给某人不值钱的或不值那麽多钱的东西:

sell2
* You've been sold a pup -- that house is nearly falling down! 你上当了--那所房子都要塌了! sell sth/sb `short (a) (commerce 商) sell (shares, etc) that one does not yet own in the hope of being able to buy them soon at a lower price 以买空卖空方式卖（股票等）. (b) not recognize the true value of sth/sb/oneself 认识不到某事物[某人/自己]的真实价值: * Don't sell her short: * she's very gifted in some areas. 别小看她, 她有些方面很有天赋. (c) cheat sb in value or quantity 在质或量方面欺骗某人. sell one's `soul (to the devil) do sth dishonourable or unworthy in return for money, fame, etc （为名利等）出卖灵魂, 做不名誉的或不合身分的事: * She'd sell her soul to get the job. 她为了得到那份工作可以出卖灵魂. 9 (phr v) sell sth off sell (esp items which are unwanted or have not sold well) often at very low prices 甩卖（尤指要处理的或滞销的货物）: * sell off old stock 甩卖旧存货. sell out be all sold 售完: * The show has sold out, ie There are no tickets left. 演出的票已售清. sell out (of sth) sell one's whole supply of sth 售完某物的全部现货: * We've sold out (of milk) but we'll be getting some more in later. 我们（的牛奶）都卖光了, 但还要陆续进货. sell out (to sb) betray one's principles 背弃自己的宗旨: * She's sold out and left the party. 她背弃了原有信仰而脱党了. sell (sth) out (to sb) sell all or part of (one's share in a business) 出卖全部或部分（股份）: * She had decided to sell out (her share of the company) and retire. 她已决定卖掉她的公司股份然後退休. sell sb out betray sb 背叛某人: * They've sold us out by agreeing to work during the strike. 他们背叛了我们, 竟同意罢工期间仍上班. sell (sth) up sell (all one's property, one's home, etc) eg when leaving the country or retiring 卖掉（全部家产等）（如於出国或退休时）.

sell3
派生： sell n [sing] 1 (infml 口) deception; disappointment 欺骗; 失望: It's a real sell: the food seems cheap but you pay extra for vegetables. 真骗人, 饭食好像很便宜, 可是吃菜还得另付钱呢. 2 (idm 习语) the hard/soft `sell aggressive/persuasive way of selling sth 硬[软]推销术（以死缠[劝诱]方式推销）: They're certainly giving the book the hard sell, with advertisements every night on TV. 他们用硬推销术宣传这本书, 每天晚上都在电视上卖广告. 复合： `sell-by date date (esp one marked on food products) by which sth must be sold in shops （商店中的）某物必须售出的截止日期（尤指标在食品上的）. `selling-point n feature of sth that makes it attractive to buyers （吸引顾客的）商品特色: Double glazing is often a good selling-point for houses. 镶有双层玻璃门窗的房子往往好出售. `selling price price to be paid by the customer 售价. Cf 参看 cost price (cost2). `sell-out n 1 event (eg a concert) for which all the tickets have been sold 满座的演出（如音乐会）. 2 (infml 口) betrayal 背叛: The agreement is a compromise, not a sell-out. 这个协议是双方妥协的产物而不是一方让步. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Compare sell, vend, peddle, push and flog. 试比较sell、 vend、 peddle、 push、 flog这几个词. 1 Sell is the most general verb, meaning `give in exchange for money' *sell使用最广, 意为‘拿东西换钱’: They are selling their house and moving to the country. 他们打算把房子卖掉, 搬到乡下去. * Do you sell magazines here? 你们这儿卖杂志吗?2 Vend is formal and indicates the selling of small articles. *vend较文, 指出售小件商品. The noun vendor is much more common than the verb 由这个动词派生出的名词vendor, 比其动词本身较为常用: a street vendor, a news-vendor 街上的摊贩、 报贩. It is also a legal term used especially in the selling of a house *vendor还是个法律术语, 用以指房产的卖方: The vendor signs a contract with the purchaser. 卖方须与买方签订契约. Vending-machine is also common and is a coin-operated slot machine for the sale of small items. *vending-machine也较常用, 是一种投币式出售小商品的自动售货机.

sell4
3 Peddle indicates the selling of small, inexpensive goods by going from house to house *peddle指挨门挨户地推销廉价的小商品: He peddled small household articles around the town. 他在城里挨家挨户兜售日用百货. 4 Push is informal and is used for the selling of illegal drugs *push是口语用词, 指出售违禁毒品: He was caught pushing heroin to schoolchildren. 他在向小学生贩卖海洛因时被捕. 5 Flog is slang. *flog是俚语用词. It often suggests that what is to be sold is of little value, possibly stolen and therefore difficult to sell 这个词常指出售的东西无甚价值, 或可为赃物, 故难以售出: He tried to flog me a broken TV set. 他一个劲儿向我兜售一个破电视机.

seller
[5selE(r); 5sell] n 1 (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) person who sells 卖者; 卖方: * a `bookseller 书商 * the buyer and the seller 买方和卖方. 2 (esp following an adj 尤用於形容词之後) item that is sold (esp in the manner specified) 售出之物（尤指以修饰词语描述之方式售出）: * This model is a poor seller, ie Not many have been sold. 这种型号的不好卖. * This dictionary is a best seller. 这部词典是畅销书. 复合： ,seller's `market situation in which goods are in demand, so that sellers have an advantage 卖方市场（供不应求而有利卖方的）: It's a seller's market for vintage cars, ie Many people will pay high prices for them. 1917年到1930年制造的汽车有卖方市场（很多人愿高价收购）.

Sellotape
[5selEuteip; 5selo7tep] n [U] (Brit propr 专利名) (also sticky tape) (usu transparent) cellulose or plastic sticky tape （通常为透明的）胶带: * mend a torn map with Sellotape 用透明胶带修补破损的地图. 派生： sellotape v [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] stick Sellotape on (sth); mend or fix (sth) with Sellotape 用（透明）胶带粘、 贴或修补（某物）: sellotape the parcel (up) 用胶带把包裹粘好 * sellotape torn pieces of paper (together) 用透明胶带把碎纸粘在一起 * sellotape a notice to the wall 用胶带把通知贴在墙上.

selvage
(also selvedge)[5selvidV; 5selvidV] n edge of cloth woven so that it will not unravel or fray （布的）织边.

selves
pl of self.

semantic
[si'mAntik; sE'mAntik] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of the meaning of words; of semantics 语义的; 语义学的: * the semantic content of a sentence 句子的含义. 派生： semantics n [sing v] branch of linguistics dealing with the meanings of words and sentences 语义学.

semaphore
[5semEfC:(r); 5semE7fCr] n 1 [U] system of sending signals by holding the arms or two flags in certain positions to indicate letters of the alphabet 旗语: * send a message by semaphore 用旗语发送信息. 2 [C] device with red and green lights on mechanically moved arms, used for signalling on railways （铁路的）臂板信号机. 派生： semaphore v [I, Tn, Tf, Dpr.f, Dpr.w, Dpr.t nopassive 不用於被动语态] send (messages) by semaphore用旗语发送（信息）: semaphore (to sb) that help is needed/to send help （向某人）打旗语求救.

semblance
[5semblEns; 5semblEns] n [sing, U] ~ of sth appearance of being sth; likeness to sth 外表; 外观; 外貌; 与某物相似: * put on a semblance of cheerfulness 装出愉快的样子 * bring the meeting to some semblance of order 把会议维持得像是有些秩序的样子.

semen
[5si:men; 5simEn] n [U] whitish fluid containing sperm produced by male animals 精液. 派生： seminal[5seminl; 5semEnl] adj 1 [usu attrib 通常作定语] of seed or semen 种子的; 精液的: * the seminal fluid 精液 * a seminal duct 精管. 2 (fig often approv 比喻, 常作褒义) strongly influencing later developments 对以後发展有巨大影响的: * a seminal idea, essay, speech 有巨大影响的思想、 文章、 讲话 * Her theories were seminal for educational reform. 她的理论对教育改革影响很大.

semester
[si'mestE(r); sE'mestl] n (esp in US universities and colleges) either of the two divisions of the academic year （尤指美国的大专院校的）学期（半学年）: * the summer/winter semester 夏季[冬季]学期. Cf 参看 term 3.

semi
conscious

semibreve
[5semibri:v; 5semi7briv] n (US `whole note) the longest written musical note in common use, equal to two minims in length 全音符. =>illus at music 见music插图.

semicircle
[5semisE:kl; 5semi7sEkl] n half of a circle or of its circumference; thing arranged like this 半圆形; 半圆形的周长; 半圆形的东西: * a semicircle of chairs 排列成半圆形的椅子 * sitting in a semicircle round the fire 围着火坐成半圈. => illus at circle 见circle插图. 派生： semicircular[7semi'sE:kjulE(r); 7semi'sEkjEll] adj having the shape of a semicircle 半圆形的.

semicolon
[7semi'kEulEn; - 'semik-; 5semi7kolEn] n the punctuation mark (;) used in writing and printing, between a comma and a full stop in value 分号（; ）. =>App 3 见附录3. Cf 参看 colon2.

semiconductor
[7semikEn5dQktE(r); 7semikEn5dQktl] n substance that conducts electricity in certain conditions, but not as well as metals 半导体.

semifinal
[7semi'fainl; 7semi'fainEl] n match or round preceding the final, eg in football 半决赛（如足球赛的）. 派生： semifinalist[-'fainElist; -'fainElist] n person or team taking part in a semifinal 参加半决赛的人或队.

seminal
=> semen.

seminar
[5semina:(r); 5semE7nar] n small group of students at a university, etc meeting to discuss or study a particular topic with a teacher （大学生与教师的）（专题）研讨会.

seminary
[5seminEri ; - -neri; 5semE7neri] n 1 college for training priests or rabbis 神学院. 2 (dated fml 旧, 文) school for older children or young people 中等学校: * a seminary for young ladies 女子中学. 派生： seminarist[5seminErist; 5semE7nerist] n person studying at a seminary 神学院学生; 中学生.

semiotics
[7semi'Ctiks; 7semi'atiks] n [sing v] study of signs and symbols, esp in writing, and of what they mean and how they are used 符号学（研究符号和符号使用行为的学科）.

semiprecious
[7semi'preFEs; 7semi'preFEs] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of a gem) less valuable than a precious stone （指宝石）半宝石的, 次贵重的.

semiquaver
[5semikweivE(r); 5semi7kwevl] n (US six`teenth note) musical note equal to half a quaver 十六分音符. =>illus at music 见music插图.

Semite
[5si:mait; 5simait] n member of the group of races including the Jews and Arabs, and formerly the Phoenicians and Assyrians 闪米特人（包括犹太人和阿拉伯人以及从前的腓尼基人和亚述人）. > Semitic/ sI5mItIk; sE`mItIk/ adj: * Semitic languages, tribes 闪米特语言、 部族.

semitone
[5semitEun; 5semi7ton] n (US `half tone) half of a tone on the musical scale 半音.

semitropical
[7semi'trCpikl; 7semi'trapikEl] adj [attrib 作定语] (of regions) near but not in the tropics （指地区）亚热带的, 副热带的, 半热带的: * ,semitropical `weather, vege`tation, `countries 亚热带的天气、 植物、 国家.

semivowel
[5semivauEl; 5semi7vauEl] n (letter representing a) sound like a vowel that functions as a consonant, eg / w/, / j/ 半元音（字母）（如/ w/、 /j/）.

semolina
[7semE'li:nE; 7semE'linE] n [U] hard grains of wheat left after it has been ground and sifted, used for making pasta, milk puddings, etc 粗粒面粉（精制硬小麦粗粉, 用於制作意大利面食、 牛奶布丁等）: * [attrib 作定语] semolina pudding 粗粒面粉布丁.

sempstress
[5semstris; 5semstris] n (Brit) = seamstress.

SEN
[7es i: 'en; 7es i 'en] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) State Enrolled Nurse (with 2 years' training): * be an SEN 为国家登记护士 * Judy Green SEN 朱迪．格林, 国家登记护士. Cf 参看 SRN.

senate
[5senit; 5senit] n (often 常作 Senate) 1 [CGp] upper house of the law-making assembly in some countries, eg France, the US and Australia 参议院（如法国、 美国、 澳大利亚的）: * [attrib 作定语] a Senate committee, decision 参议院委员会、 决议. Cf 参看 congress 2, the House of Representatives (house1). 2 [CGp] governing council of certain universities （某些大学的）教务委员会, 理事会. 3 [Gp] (in ancient Rome) highest council of state （古罗马的）元老院. 派生： senator[5senEtE(r); 5senEtl] n (often 常作 Senator, abbr 缩写 Sen) member of the senate 参议员. senatorial[7senE'tC:riEl; 7senE'tCriEl] adj [attrib 作定语]: * senatorial rank, powers, office 参议员的级别、 权力、 办事处.

send
[send; send] v (pt, pp sent/sent; sent] ) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth/sb (to sb/sth) cause sth/sb to go or be taken without going oneself 送或寄某物; 派或遣某人: * send a letter, telegram, message, etc 寄信、 发电报、 传送信息 * send goods, documents, information 发送货物、 文件、 资料 * I've sent the children to bed. 我把孩子打发上床了. * Send out the invitations to the party. 发出宴会的请帖. * His mother sent him to the shop to get some bread. 他母亲让他去商店买些面包. * We sent him a letter/We sent a letter to him. 我们给他寄了一封信. 2 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (out) transmit (a signal, etc) by radio waves 用无线电波发送（信号）: * The radio operator sent (out) an appeal for help to headquarters. 无线电报务员向司令部发出求救信号. 3 [Tn.pr, Tn.p, Cn.g] cause (sth) to move sharply or quickly, often by force 使（某物）猛然或迅速移动（常指靠外力）: * Whenever he moved, the wound sent pains all along his arm. 他只要一动, 伤口就连带整个胳膊都疼. * Space rockets are being sent up all the time. 现在随时都有火箭发射. * She bumped against the table and sent the crockery crashing to the ground, ie knocked it to the ground. 她碰到了桌子, 把杯子、 盘子都撞碎在地上了. * The explosion sent us running in all directions. 那次爆炸把我们轰得东奔西逃. * (fig 比喻) The difficult word sent me to my dictionary, ie to find its meaning. 这个词把我难住了, 只好去查词典. * The bad weather has sent vegetable prices up. 天气不好, 影响到蔬菜价格上涨. * The storm sent the temperature down. 暴风雨袭来, 气温随之下降. 4 (a) [Cn.a] cause (sb) to become 使（某人）变得: * send sb mad/crazy/insane/berserk 使某人发疯[发狂/神经失常/勃然大怒]. (b) [Tn.pr] ~ sb to/into sth make sb enter a specified state 使某人进入某种状态: * send sb to sleep 使某人入睡

send1
* send sb into a rage, a frenzy, fits of laughter 使某人大怒、 发狂、 哈哈大笑 * The news sent the Stock Exchange into a panic. 这个消息把证券交易所里的人吓得惊慌失措. 5 [It] (fml 文) send a message 发出信息: * She sent to say that she was safe and well. 她送来消息说她安然无恙. 6 [Tn] (dated infml 旧, 口) excite (sb); thrill 使（某人）兴奋; 使激动: * That music really sends me! 我听到这种音乐非常兴奋! 7 (idm 习语) give/send sb one's love => love1. send sb about his business = send sb packing. send sb/sth flying hit or knock sb/sth so that he/it falls over or backwards 将某人[某物]打倒、 打翻或打得向後退: * The blow sent him flying. 这一击把他打倒了. send things flying cause things to be thrown violently in all directions 使东西被抛向各处. send sb `packing (infml 口) tell sb (roughly or rudely) to go away （粗暴地）叫某人走开: * She tried to interfere, but I sent her packing! 她想多管闲事, 我把她赶走了! send sb to `Coventry refuse to speak to sb, esp as a punishment by other members of a group 拒不与某人谈话（尤指集体以此惩罚某人）: * Men who refused to strike were sent to Coventry by their colleagues. 凡是不参加罢工的人, 同事都不理睬他们. 8 (phr v) send away (to sb) (for sth) = send off (for sth). send sb down (Brit) (a) expel (a student) from a university （大学中）开除（某学生）. (b) (infml 口) sentence sb to imprisonment 判某人入狱: * He was sent down for ten years for armed robbery. 他因持械抢劫被判入狱十年. send for sth; send for sb (to do sth) ask or order that sth be brought or delivered, or that sb should come 要求或指示将某物取来或送到, 或使某人来到: * send for a fresh supply of paper 要求再送些纸来 * send for a taxi, an ambulance, a doctor 找计程车、 叫救护车、 请医生来 * send for sb to repair the TV 请人来修理电视机. send sb in order sb to go to a place in order to deal with a situation 指示某人去某地处理某局面:

send2
* Soldiers were sent in to quell the riots. 已派士兵去镇压动乱. send sth in send sth by post to a place where it will be dealt with 将某物寄至某处进行处理: * Have you sent in your application for the job? 你的求职申请书寄出去了吗? send off (for sth) write to sb to ask for sth to be sent to one by post 写信要求某人将某物寄来: * I've sent off for those bulbs I saw advertised in the paper. 我已写信订购我在报纸广告上看到的那种灯泡. send sb off (Brit) (of a referee, etc) send a footballer, etc off the playing field for breaking the rules of play （指裁判等）将犯规的足球运动员等判罚下场. send sth off send sth by post; dispatch sth 寄出或发出某物: * Have you sent that letter off yet? There's something I want to add to it. 你把那封信寄出去了吗? 我还想再附上一句话. send sth out (a) give sth out from itself; emit sth 从某事物本身发出或放出某事物; 射出某物: * The sun sends out light and warmth. 太阳不断放出光和热. (b) produce sth 生出或长出某物: * The trees send out new leaves in spring. 树在春天长出新叶子. send sb to.... cause sb to attend a particular place or institution 使某人进入某处或某机构: * They send their daughter to one of the best schools in the country. 他们把女儿送进国内最好的学校. * He was sent to hospital/to prison. 他被送进医院[监狱]. send sb up (US infml 口) send sb to prison 把某人关进监狱. send sb/sth up (Brit infml 口) make fun of sb/sth, esp by copying in a comical way 取笑某人[某事物]（尤指用滑稽的模仿方式）: * comedians who send up members of the government用滑稽模仿动作取笑政府官员的喜剧演员 * Bill is constantly being sent up by his children. 比尔经常遭自己孩子耍笑. 复合： `send-off n act of saying goodbye to sb 送行; 送别: She was given a good send-off at the airport. 她在飞机场受到了热情的欢送.

send3
`send-up n imitation intended to make fun of sth or sb 旨在取笑的模仿: Her book is a hilarious send-up of a conventional spy story. 她写的书用的是取笑传统侦探小说的笔法, 令人捧腹.

sender
[5sendE(r); 5sendl] n person who sends 发送或邮寄物品的人: * If undelivered, return to sender, eg on a letter. 若无法投递, 请退还寄件人（如信件上的字样）.

senescent
[si'nesnt; sE'nesnt] adj (fml or medical 文或医) becoming old 衰老的; 变老的. 派生： senescence/si'nesns; sE'nesns] n [U] (fml or medical 文或医) process of becoming old 衰老的过程.

senile
[5si:nail; 5sinail] adj suffering from bodily or mental weakness because of old age 衰老的: * He keeps forgetting things: * I think he's getting senile. 他总忘事, 我看他是老了. 派生： senility/si'nilEti; sE'nilEti] n [U] state of being senile 衰老的状态. 复合： senile dementia[7si:nail di'menFE; 7sinail di'menFE] illness of old people resulting in loss of memory, loss of control of bodily functions, etc 老年痴呆.

senior
[5si:niE(r); 5sinjl] adj 1 ~ (to sb) (a) older 较年长的: * He is ten years senior to me. 他比我大十岁. (b) higher in rank, authority, etc （级别、 权位等）较高的: * There are separate rooms for senior and junior officers. 高级军官和下级军官的房间是分着的. * He is the senior partner in (ie the head of) the firm. 他是公司的老板. (c) having been in a job, etc longer （做某工作等）年资较深的: * She is senior to me, since she joined the firm before me. 她比我资格老, 因为她加入公司比我早.2 (often 常作 Senior, abbr 缩写 Sen) (placed immediately after sb's name 置於姓名之後) being the parent of sb with the same name （父或母与子女同名情况下的）父或母: * John Brown Senior 老约翰．布朗. 3 [attrib 作定语] (of a school) for children over the age of 11 （指学校）高年级的（学生年龄在11岁以上的）. Cf 参看 junior. 派生： senior n 1 senior person 较年长的人: She is my senior by two years/two years my senior, ie is two years older than me. 她比我大两岁. 2 member of a senior school 高年级学生: a football match between the juniors and the seniors 低年级学生和高年级学生之间的足球赛. 3 (US) student in the year before graduation from a high school or college （中学或大学的）毕业班的学生: [attrib 作定语] her senior year at college 她在大学毕业班那一年. seniority[7si:ni'CrEti; - -'C:r-; sin'jCrEti] n [U] 1 being senior in age, rank, etc 年长; 级别高; 资格老: * Should promotion be through merit or seniority? 晋升应该凭成绩还是靠年资? 2 extent to which sb is senior 年长、 级别高或资格老的程度: * a doctor with five years' seniority over his colleague 比同事多五年资历的医生. 复合： ,senior `citizen (euph 婉) old or retired person 老人; 退休的人.

senna
[5senE; 5senE] n [U] dried leaves of a tropical plant, used as a laxative 旃那叶, 山扁豆叶, 番泻叶（热带一种植物的乾叶, 用作通便剂）.

senor
[se'njC:(r); sen'jCr] n (pl senores/se'njC:reiz; se'njCrez] ) (before a name, 用於人名前作 Senor) (title of a) Spanish-speaking man; Mr or sir 说西班牙语的男子; （对说西班牙语男子的称呼）先生（相当於Mr或sir）. 派生： senora/se'njC:rE; sen'jCrE] n (before a name, 用於人名前作 Senora) (title of a) Spanish-speaking woman; Mrs or madam 说西班牙语的女子; （对说西班牙语女子的称呼）夫人, 太太（相当於Mrs或madam）. senorita[7senjC:'ri:tE; 7senjE'ritE] n (before a name, 用於人名前作 Senorita) (title of an) unmarried Spanish-speaking woman or girl; Miss or madam 说西班牙语的未婚女子; （对说西班牙语未婚女子的称呼）小姐（相当於Miss或madam）.

sensation
[sen'seiFn; sen'seFEn] n 1 (a) [C] feeling in one's body resulting from sth that happens or is done to it 感觉; 感受: * a sensation of warmth, dizziness, falling 温暖、 眩晕、 下降的感觉 * Massage produces wonderful sensations. 按摩可产生舒适的感觉. (b) [C] general awareness or impression not caused by anything that can be seen or defined 下意识的感觉: * I had the sensation that I was being watched. 我觉得有人监视着我. (c) [U] ability to feel through the sense of touch 知觉; 触觉: * lose all sensation in one's legs 腿部完全失去知觉 * Some sensation is coming back to my arm. 我的胳膊逐渐恢复一些知觉. 2 [C, U] state of great surprise, excitement, interest, etc among many people 轰动; 群情激动: * The news caused a great sensation. 这个消息十分轰动. * (derog 贬) Sensation-seeking newspapers tried to cash in on her misery. 专登危言耸听内容的报纸竭力渲染她的苦境来卖钱. 派生： sensational[-FEnl; -FEnl] adj 1 (a) causing a sensation(2) 轰动的; 群情激动的: * a sensational crime, victory, etc 骇人听闻的罪案、 轰轰烈烈的胜利. (b) (derog 贬) trying to cause a sensation(2) 耸人听闻的: * a sensational newspaper, writer 刊登耸动视听消息的报纸、 写耸人听闻内容的作家. 2 (infml 口) extraordinarily good; wonderful 极好的; 绝妙的: * You look sensational in that dress. 你穿着那件连衣裙漂亮极了. * That music is sensational! 这段乐曲太优美了! sensationalism/ -FEnElIzEm; -FEnl9IzEm/ n [U] (derog 贬) deliberate use of shocking words, scandalous stories, etc in order to produce a sensation(2) 为耸动视听而使用的词语、 描绘的丑事等: * Avoid sensationalism in reporting crime.报道罪案时要避免使用耸动视听的手段. * the sensationalism of the popular press 为大众服务的新闻界所使用的耸动视听的做法. sensationalist[-FEnElist; -FEnlist] n. sensationalize, -ise[-FEnElaiz; -FEnE7laiz]

sensation1
v [Tn] (derog 贬) treat (sth) in a way that is likely to cause public excitement 用耸动视听的方法处理（某事物）: * a sensationalized account of a squalid crime 用耸人听闻的方式描绘的卑劣罪行. sensationally[-FEnEli;-FEnli] adv: * Newspapers reported the incident sensationally, making it appear worse than it really was. 报纸大肆渲染这件事, 描述得更不像话.

sense
[sens; sens] n 1 [C] any of the five powers of the body by which a person, an animal, etc receives knowledge of things in the world around, ie sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch 感觉官能; 视觉; 听觉; 嗅觉; 味觉; 触觉: * the five senses 五种感觉官能 * have a keen sense of hearing 听觉灵敏. 2 [U, sing] (a) appreciation or understanding of the value or worth of sth （对价值的）辨别, 理解, 领悟: * a sense of the (ie the ability to know what is) absurd, ridiculous, etc 对荒唐、 可笑等事物的识别力 * not have much sense of humour, ie a liking for jokes, funny situations, etc 没什麽幽默感 * a person with no sense of direction, ie who cannot find his way easily 无方向感的人. (b) consciousness of sth; awareness 觉察; 觉悟: * a sense of one's own importance, worth, etc 对自身的重要性、 价值等的觉察 * have no sense of shame, guilt, etc 无羞耻心、 无罪恶感 * feel a sense of security in her arms 在她怀里感到安全. 3 [U] ability to make reasonable judgements; practical wisdom 识别力; 常识; 见识: * have the sense to come in out of the rain 懂得进来避雨 * There's a lot of sense in what she says. 她说的话很有见地. 4 senses [pl] normal state of mind; ability to think 健全的心智; 思维的能力: * lose/regain one's senses 失去[恢复]理智. 5 [U] reason; purpose 道理; 目的: * What's the sense of doing that? 为什麽要做那件事呢? * There's no sense in going alone, ie It would be better not to. 一个人去没有好处. 6 [C] (a) meaning of a word, phrase, etc （词语等的）意义: * a word with several senses 有几个意思的词 * The sense of the word is not clear. 这个词的意思不清楚. (b) way in which a word, sentence, etc is to be understood （词句等）被理解的意义: * in the strict/literal/figurative sense of the expression 按照严格的[字面的/比喻的]意义来说

sense1
* I am a worker only in the sense that I work; I don't get paid for what I do. 我是工作人员, 这是仅就我做工作而言的; 我并无报酬. 7 [sing] the ~ of sth (fml 文) general feeling or opinion among a group of people （集体的）普遍感觉或意见: * The sense of the meeting was (ie Most people present thought) that he should resign. 与会者普遍认为他应该辞职. 8 (idm 习语) beat, knock, drive, etc (some) sense into sb (infml 口) change sb's behaviour, views, etc by severe or sometimes violent methods 改变某人的行为、 看法等（用严厉的, 有时为粗暴的方式）: * She's a wild uncontrollable girl, but that new school should knock some sense into her. 她是个很不听话的女孩儿, 那所新学校应该能管管她了. bring sb to his/come to one's `senses (a) (make sb) stop behaving foolishly or irrationally （使某人）不再做傻事或不理智的事: * He was finally brought to his senses and agreed to let the hostages go. 他最後恢复些理智, 同意释放人质. (b) wake (sb) up from unconsciousness 使（某人）苏醒: * When I came to my senses, I was lying on the floor. 我苏醒过来的时候是在地板上躺着呢. in a `sense if the statement, etc is understood in a particular way 在某种意义上: * What you say is true in a sense. 你的话在某种意义上属实. in one's `senses in one's normal state of mind; sensible 头脑健全; 神志清醒: * No one in their right senses would let a small child go out alone. 凡是有理智的人, 谁都不会让那麽小的孩子独自出门. make `sense (a) have an understandable meaning 有意义; 有道理; 讲得通: * What you say makes no sense. 你说的话没有道理. * These words are jumbled up and don't make sense. 这些词藻堆砌在一起讲不通. (b) be sensible 是明智的; 是合情理的: * It doesn't make sense to buy that expensive coat when these cheaper ones are just as good. 这些便宜的大衣也很好, 何必非买那件贵的不可.

sense2
* It would make sense to leave early. 还是早点儿走好. make sense of sth understand sth difficult or apparently meaningless 理解或弄懂困难的或似无法理解的事物: * Can you make sense of this poem? 你看得懂这首诗吗? out of one's `senses not in one's normal state of mind; foolish 精神不正常; 愚蠢: * You sold it? You must be out of your senses! 你把它卖了? 你简直是疯了! see `sense start to be sensible 明白事理: * I hope she soon sees sense and stops fighting a battle she cannot win. 我希望她能很快明白过来, 别再打这场打不赢的仗了. a sense of occasion special feeling produced in sb by a special event, etc 遇到某种情况而产生的某种感觉. a sixth sense awareness of things one cannot actually see, hear, etc 第六感觉; 第六感官: * A sixth sense told her that he would be waiting for her when she got home. 她有一种第六感觉, 就是她到家时他一定在那儿等候她呢. take leave of one's senses => leave2. talk sense =>talk2. 派生： sense v 1 [Tn, Tf, Tw] become aware of (sth); feel 意识到（某事物）; 感觉到: sense sb's sorrow, hostility, etc 感觉到某人的忧愁、 敌意等 * Although she didn't say anything, I sensed (that) she didn't like the idea. 她虽然什麽也没说, 但我已意识到她不喜欢这个主意. 2 [Tn] (of a machine, etc) detect (sth) （指机器等）检测出（某事物）: an apparatus that senses the presence of toxic gases 能检测出有毒气体存在的仪器. 复合： `sense-organ bodily organ, eg the ear or the eye, by which the body becomes aware of what is happening around it 感觉器官（如耳朵、 眼睛）.

senseless
[5senslis; 5senslis] adj 1 pointless; foolish 无意义的; 无针对性的; 愚蠢的: * a senseless idea, action 愚蠢的主意、 行为 * I condemn this senseless violence. 我谴责这种无谓的暴行. * It would be senseless to continue any further. 再继续下去就没意义了. 2 [usu pred 通常作表语] unconscious 失去知觉; 无感觉: * fall senseless to the ground 倒在地上不省人事. > senselessly adv. senselessness n [U].

sensibility
[7sensE'bilEti; 7sensE'bilEti] n 1 [C usu pl 通常作复数] ability to receive and appreciate delicate impressions; sensitivity 识别力; 敏感性; 灵敏度: * the sensibility of a poet 诗人的鉴赏力 * a man of subtle andrefined sensibilities 感情细腻的男子. 2 sensibilities [pl]capacity for being easily offended or shocked （易生气或易受刺激的）感情: * wound/offend/outrage readers' sensibilities伤害[挫伤/触怒]读者的感情.

sensible
[5sensEbl; 5sensEbl] adj 1 (a) (approv 褒) having or showing good sense(3); reasonable 识别力强的; 合理的: * a sensible person, idea, course of action, suggestion 通情达理的人、 主意、 做法、 建议 * It was sensible of you to lock the door. 你把门锁上了, 做得对. (b) [attrib 作定语] (of clothing, etc) practical rather than fashionable （指衣着等）实用而不时髦的: * wear sensible shoes for long walks 为走长路而穿舒适的鞋. 2 [pred 作表语] ~ of sth (fml 文) aware of sth 觉察到某事物: * Are you sensible of the dangers of your position? 你觉察出你处境中的危险了吗? 3 [attrib 作定语] (dated 旧) that can be perceived by the senses (sense1); perceptible 可感觉到的: * a sensible rise in temperature 可以感觉到的温度升高. 派生： sensibly[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv in a sensible(1) way 有识别力地; 合情理地: * sensibly dressed for hot weather 天热时穿得很合时宜. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: The noun sense can mean 1 `the way the body experiences its surroundings': the sense of touch, sight, etc, or 2 `reason, good judgement': She talks a lot of good sense. *sense作名词时可指1‘身体感受周围事物的方式’: the sense of touch, sight, etc（触觉、 视觉等）, 也可指2‘道理、 识别力’: She talks a lot of good sense. （她说得很有道理.） The adjective sensitive usually relates to meaning 1 与这个词有关的形容词sensitive含上述第1义: She's got very sensitive hearing, skin, etc. 她的听觉、 触觉等很灵敏. * Don't laugh at him; he's very sensitive. 千万别笑他, 他很敏感. Sensible relates to meaning 2 另一个形容词sensible含上述第2义: She gave me some sensible advice. 她给我提的建议很有道理. * You must try to be more sensible. 你得懂点儿好歹.

sensitive
[5sensEtiv; 5sensEtiv] adj 1 (a) easily hurt or damaged 易受伤害的; 易损坏的: * the sensitive skin of a baby 婴儿娇嫩的皮肤* A sensitive nerve in a tooth can cause great pain. 牙神经易受损伤, 可产生巨痛. (b) ~ (to sth) affected greatly or easily by sth 很受影响的; 易受影响的; 敏感的: * Photographic paper is highly sensitive to light. 感光纸对光十分敏感. * This material is heat-sensitive, ie responds quickly to changes in temperature. 这种材料对温度变化很敏感. 2 ~ (about/to sth) easily offended or emotionally upset 易生气的; 感情容易冲动的; 神经质的: * a frail and sensitive child 脆弱而娇气的孩子 * He's very sensitive about being small, so don't mention it. 他对自己个子矮小神经过敏, 可别提这件事. * A writer mustn't be too sensitive to criticism. 作家不可对批评意见反应过激. 3 (approv 褒) having or showing perceptive feeling or sympathetic understanding 有细腻感情的; 同情理解的: * an actor's sensitive reading of a poem 演员富於感情的诗朗诵 * When I need advice, he is a helpful and sensitive friend. 我一没了主意他就帮助我, 是个体贴人的朋友. 4 ~ (to sth) (of instruments, etc) able to measure very small changes （指仪器等）灵敏的: * a sensitive thermometer, balance, ammeter, etc 灵敏的温度计、 天平、 安培计等 * (fig 比喻) The Stock Exchange is sensitive to likely political changes. 证券交易所对潜在的政治变化很敏感. 5 needing to be treated with great secrecy or tact 需极秘密或慎重处理的: * sensitive military information 需秘密处理的军事情报 * a sensitive issue like race relations 需慎重对待的种族关系问题. =>Usage at sensible 用法见sensible. 派生： sensitively adv. sensitivity[7sensE'tivEti; 7sensE'tivEti] n [U] ~ (to sth) quality or degree of being sensitive 易受伤害的特性; 敏感性; 灵敏度: * sensitivity to pain, light, heat 对疼痛、 光、 热的敏感

sensitive1
* the sensitivity of a writer 作家的细腻感情. sensitize, -ise[5sensitaiz; 5sensE7taiz] v [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: * Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth/sb (to sth) 1 make sth or sb sensitive 使某事物或某人敏感: * sensitize students to a poet's use of language 培养学生对诗人语言运用的感受能力. 2 (in photography) make (film, paper, etc) sensitive to light （摄影）使（胶片、 纸等）易於感光.

sensor
[5sensE(r); 5sensl] n device (eg a photoelectric cell) that detects light, heat, humidity, etc 探测光、 热、 湿度等的装置（如光电池）: * Smoke sensors warned us of the fire. 烟雾探测器已向我们发出火警警报.

sensory
[5sensEri; 5sensEri] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of the senses (sense 1) or of sensation 感觉官能的; 感觉的; 感受的: * sensory organs/nerves 感觉器官[神经] * a sensory stimulus 感官刺激 * sensory deprivation 感觉丧失.

sensual
[5senFuEl; 5senFuEl] = adj (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) of, suggesting, enjoying or giving physical (often sexual) pleasure 肉体上享乐的; （常指）性快感的: * the sensual feel of a warm bath 洗温水澡的舒服感觉 * a life devoted entirely to sensual pleasure 耽於肉欲的一生 * the sensual curves of her body 她体形的性感的曲线. 派生： sensualist n person who enjoys physical pleasures, esp to excess 喜欢感官享受的人; （尤指）耽於肉欲的人. sensuality[7senFu'AlEti; 7senFu'AlEti] n [U] (excessive) love or enjoyment of physical pleasure （过分的）肉欲. sensually[-FuEli; -FuEli] adv.

sensuous
[5senFuEs; 5senFuEs] adj affecting, noticed by or giving pleasure to the senses 刺激感官的; 感觉官能的; 给感官以快感的: * the sensuous appeal of her painting 她的画儿之使人赏心悦目 * his full sensuous lips 他那丰满漂亮的嘴唇. > sensuously adv: * She swayed her hips sensuously as she danced. 她跳舞时扭动着臀部十分诱人. sensuousness n [U].

sent
pt, pp of send.

sentence
[5sentEns; 5sentEns] n 1 [C] (grammar) largest unit of grammar, usu containing a subject, a verb, an object, etc and expressing a statement, question or command 句子; 句. 2 [C, U] (law 律) (statement of the) punishment given by a lawcourt 判决; 宣判; 判刑: * The judge passed/pronounced sentence (on the prisoner), ie said what his punishment would be. 法官宣布了（对犯人的）判决. * She has served her sentence, and will nowbe released. 她已服刑期满, 现即将获释. * under sentence of death, ie to be officially killed as a punishment 判处死刑 * a sentence of ten years' imprisonment 十年监禁之刑. 派生： sentence v [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.t] ~ sb (to sth) state that sb is to have a certain punishment 判决; 宣判: sentence a thief to six months' imprisonment 判处窃贼六个月监禁 * He has been sentenced to pay a fine of 1000. 他被判罚款1000英镑. * (fig 比喻) a crippling disease which sentenced him to a lifetime in a wheelchair 把他终生束缚在轮椅上的残疾.

sententious
[sen'tenFEs; sen'tenFEs] adj (fml derog 文, 贬) expressing pompous moral judgements 说教的: * a sententious speaker, speech, remark, book 说教式的演讲者、 演说、 言语、 书. > sententiously adv: * `He should have thought of the consequences before he acted,’ she concluded sententiously. 她最後以说教的口吻说: * ‘他应该先想到後果然後再做.’ sententiousness n [U].

sentient
[5senFnt; 5senFEnt] adj [attrib 作定语] (fml 文) capable of perceiving or feeling things 能感知或感觉事物的: * a sentient being 有感觉的生物.

sentiment
[5sentimEnt; 5sentEmEnt] n 1 [U] (usu derog 通常作贬义) tender feelings of pity, nostalgia, etc, which may be exaggerated or wrongly directed (contrasted esp with reason) （对怜悯、 怀旧等的）柔懦情感（可为夸张的或滥施的, 尤与理智相对）: * act from rational motives rather than sentiment 行事出於理智而非出於怜悯之情 * a love story full of cloying sentiment 通篇缠绵伤感的爱情小说 * There's no room for sentiment in business. 做生意不能婆婆妈妈的感情用事. 2 [U, C usu pl 作不可数名词或可数名词, 後者通常作复数] (expression of an) attitude or opinion, usu influenced by emotion 态度或意见（的表示）（通常指受感情影响的）: * a speech full of lofty sentiments 充分表达高尚情操的演 讲 * Sentiment in the City (ie the financial centre of London) is now in favour of a cut in taxes. 在伦敦金融中心, 群情期於减税. 3 sentiments [pl] (fml or rhet 文或修辞) point of view; opinion 观点; 意见: * What are your sentiments on this issue? 你对这个问题有什麽看法? * My sentiments exactly! ie I agree! 我完全同意!

sentimental
[7senti'mentl; 7sentE'mentl] adj 1 of or concerning the emotions, rather than the reason 情感的, 情绪的（非理智的）: * do sth for sentimental reasons 由於感情的原因而做某事 * have a sentimental attachment to one's birth-place 对出生地有眷恋之情 * a watch with sentimental value, ie which is precious eg because it was given by sb one loves 有怀念价值的手表（因所爱的人所赠）. 2 (usu derog 通常作贬义) (a) (of things) expressing or arousing tender emotions, such as pity, romantic love or nostalgia, which may be exaggerated or wrongly directed （指事物）表达或引起柔懦情感的（可为夸张的或滥施的）: * sentimental music 令人感伤的音乐 * a sloppy, sentimental love story 伤情感心的爱情小说. (b) ~ (about sb/sth) (of people) having such emotions （指人）有柔懦情感的: * She's too sentimental about her cat. 她对她的猫未免太牵肠挂肚了. > sentimentalist[-tElist; -tElist] n (derog 贬) person who is sentimental(2b) 情感柔懦的人. sentimentality[7sentimen'tAlEti; 7sentEmen'tAlEti] n [U] (derog 贬) quality of being too sentimental(2a) 情感过於柔懦的特性: * the sickly sentimentality of a romantic novel 一部浪漫小说中无病呻吟的柔懦情调. sentimentalize, -ise[-tElaiz; -tl7aiz] v [I, Tn] (derog 贬) speak or write sentimentally; treat (sb/sth) sentimentally 说或写时表达柔懦情感; 以柔懦的情感对待（某人[某事物]）: * Don't sentimentalize when you talk about animals. 谈论动物不必忧形於色. * This book sentimentalizes the suffering of the disabled. 这本书以柔懦的笔调渲染了残疾人的痛苦. sentimentally[-tEli; -tli] adv.

sentinel
[5sentinl; 5sentEnl] n (fml or dated 文或旧) sentry 岗哨; 哨兵: * (fig 比喻) The Press is a sentinel of (ie guards or protects) our liberty. 新闻界是捍卫我们自由的卫士.

sentry
[5sentri; 5sentri] n soldier posted outside a building, etc in order to watch or guard it 岗哨; 哨兵: * People approaching the gate were challenged by the sentry. 向大门走去的人受到了哨兵的查问. * [attrib 作定语] sentry duty 哨兵的值勤. 复合： `sentry-box n small hut for a standing sentry 岗亭.

sepal
[5sepl; 5sepl] n (botany 植) any of the leaf-like parts which lie under and support the petals of a flower 萼片.

separable
[5sepErEbl; 5sepErEbl] adj ~ (from sth) that can be separated 可分开的; 可分隔的: * The lower part of the pipe is separable from the upper part. 管子的下部可与上部分开. > separably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv. separability[7seprE'bilEti; 7seprE'bilEti] n [U].

separate
1[5seprEt; 5seprit] adj 1 ~ (from sth/sb) forming a unit by itself; existing apart 自成一单元的; 单独存在的; 分开的: * The children sleep in separate beds. 孩子都睡在各自的床上. * Violent prisoners are kept separate from the others. 有暴力行为的囚犯隔离囚禁. * They lead separate lives, ie do not live or do things together. 他们各自单独生活. * We can't work together any more; I think it's time we went our separate ways, ie parted. 我们再也不能在一起工作了, 我看得各奔东西了. 2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] different or distinct 不同的; 有区别的: * It happened on three separate occasions. 这件事在叁个不同场合都发生过. * That is a separate issue and irrelevant to our discussion. 这是另一个问题, 同我们的讨论无关. 派生： separately adv as separate people or things; not together 分着地; 不在一起: They are now living separately. 他们现在分居了. * Can the engine and the gearbox be supplied separately? 发动机和变速箱能分开供应吗? separates n [pl] individual items of clothing designed to be worn together in different combinations （可与不同衣物配合使用的）单件衣物. separatism[5sepErEtizEm; 5sepErE7tizEm] n [U] policy of staying or becoming a separate group from other people, esp through political independence 分离主义, 独立主义（尤指通过政治独立的）. separatist[5sepErEtist; 5sepE7rEtist] n [attrib 作定语]: * the Basque separatist organization ETA 西班牙巴斯克分离主义组织埃塔（埃塔ETA为巴斯克语‘巴斯克祖国与自由’的缩写）.

separation
[7sepE'reiFn; 7sepE'reFEn] n 1 ~ (from sb/sth) (a) [U] separating; state of being separate 分离; 分开; 隔开: * the separation of infectious patients from other patients 传染病人与其他病人之隔离 * Separation from his friends made him sad. 他离开了朋友, 十分难过. (b) [C] instance or period of being separated 分离; 分开的期间: * after a separation of five years from his parents （他）离开父母五年以後. 2 [U, sing] legal arrangement by which a married couple live apart but do not end the marriage （有婚姻关系的双方按法律程序的）分居: * decide on (a) separation 决定按法律程序分居.

sepia
[5si:piE; 5sipiE] n [U] 1 brown colouring-matter used in inks and water-colour paints and (esp formerly) for printing photographs 斯比亚褐色颜料（用作墨水或水彩画颜料, 尤指旧时印照片用的）. 2 rich reddish-brown colour 浓艳的红褐色. 派生： sepia adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of sepia colour 红褐色的: an old sepia photograph 一张旧的红褐色照片.

sepsis
[5sepsis; 5sepsis] n [U] (medical 医) infection of (part of) the body by bacteria 脓毒病; 脓毒症. Cf 参看 septic.

Sept
abbr 缩写 = September: 12 Sept 1969 1969年9月12日.

September
[sep'tembE(r); sep'tembl] n [U, C] (abbr 缩写 Sept) the ninth month of the year, next after August 九月. For the uses of September see the examples at April. 关於September的用法见April词条中的示例.

septet
[sep'tet; sep'tet] n (piece of music written for a) group of seven instruments or singers 七重奏（曲）; 七重唱（曲）.

septic
[5septik; 5septik] adj caused by or causing infection with harmful bacteria 由病菌引起或感染的; 脓毒性的: * a septic wound 染毒创伤 * A dirty cut may become septic, ie affected by bacteria. 伤口不洁可受感染. Cf 参看 sepsis. 复合： ,septic `tank tank into which sewage flows and where it remains until the action of bacteria makes it liquid enough to drain away 化粪池.

septicaemia
(US -cemia)[7septi'si:miE; 7septE'simiE] n [U] (medical 医) blood-poisoning 败血症.

septuagenarian
[ 9septjUEdVI5neErIEn; ?@ -tFUdVE-;9sZptFJEdVE`nZrIEn] n, adj [attrib 作定语] (fml 文) (person) between the ages of 70 and 79 70到79岁的（人）.

sepulchre
(US sepulcher)[5seplkE(r); 5seplkl] n (arch 古) 1 tomb, esp one cut in rock or built of stone 坟墓, 冢（尤指石凿的或石砌的）: * the Holy Sepulchre, ie the one in which Jesus Christ was laid 圣墓（耶稣的墓）. 2 (idm 习语) a whited sepulchre => white1 v. > sepulchral/si'pQlkrEl; sE'pQlkrEl] adj (fml 文) 1 [usu attrib 通常作定语] of a tomb or of burial 坟墓的; 埋葬的. 2 looking or sounding gloomy 阴森森的; 阴郁的; 阴沉的: * a sepulchral face 阴沉的脸色 * speak in sepulchral tones 用低沉的语调说话 * look quite sepulchral 看上去阴沉沉的.

sequel
[5si:kwEl; 5sikwEl] n ~ (to sth) 1 thing that happens after or as a result of an earlier event 继之而来的事物; 有前因的事物: * His speech had an unfortunate sequel, in that it caused a riot. 他的演说产生了不幸的後果, 由之引发一场骚乱. * Famine is often the sequel to war. 荒往往是战争造成的. 2 novel, film, etc that continues the story of an earlier one, often using the same characters （小说、 电影等的）续篇, 续集: * He is writing a sequel to his latest best seller. 他正在写他的最新畅销书的续集.

sequence
[5si:kwEns; 5sikwEns] n 1 [U, C] set of events, numbers, actions, etc with each following the one before continuously or in a particular order 有次序的事情、 数字、 行动等: * deal with events in historical sequence 按照历史上的先後顺序研究大事件 * describe the sequence of events, ie in the order in which they occurred 按时间顺序叙述事情 * a sequence of dance movements 连续的舞蹈动作 * a sequence of playing-cards, ie three or more next to each other in value, eg 10, 9, 8 纸牌的顺牌（至少为叁张点数相连的牌如10、 9、 8）. 2 [C] part of a cinema film dealing with one scene or topic （影片中描述一个场景或主题的）连续镜头: * a thrilling sequence that includes a car chase 含有汽车追逐镜头的紧张片段. 复合： ,sequence of `tenses (grammar) principles according to which the tenses of subordinate clauses are suited to the tenses of principal clauses 时态序列, 时态一致（从句时态须与主句时态相合的原则）.

sequential
[si'kwenFl; si'kwenFEl] adj following in order of time or place; forming a sequence 按次序的; 顺序的; 序列的; 构成连续镜头的. > sequentially[-FElI; -FElI/ adj: * files of correspondence arranged sequentially按顺序排列的信件档案.

sequester
[si'kwestE(r); si'kwestl] v (fml 文) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/oneself (from sth) keep sb/oneself away or apart from other people; seclude 使某人[自己]与他人分开或隔离; 使隔绝: * sequester oneself from the world 避世. 2 [Tn] (law 律) = sequestrate. 派生： sequestered adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (fml 文) quiet and secluded 僻静而与世隔绝的: lead a sequestered life 过离群索居的生活 * a sequestered island far from the mainland 远离大陆的僻静孤岛.

sequestrate
[5si:kwestreit; si'kwestret] v [Tn] 1 (law 律) take temporary possession of (a debtor's property, funds, etc) until a debt has been paid or other claims met 扣押（债务人的财产、 资金等）（至还清债务等时）. 2 confiscate (sth) 没收; 充公. > sequestration/ 9si:kwe5streIFn; 9sikwZs`treFEn/ n [U].

sequin
[5si:kwin; 5sikwin] n small circular shiny disc sewn onto clothing as an ornament （衣物上作装饰用的）圆形小光片: * Her dress was covered in sequins which twinkled as she moved. 她的连衣裙上镶着小光片, 身体一动就闪闪发光.

sequoia
[si'kwCiE; si'kwCiE] n either of two types of large evergreen coniferous trees of California, the redwood or the giant sequoia 红杉, 巨杉（高大常绿树, 产於美国加利福尼亚州）.

seraglio
[se'ra:liEu; si'raljo] n (pl ~ s) part of a Muslim household reserved for women; harem 穆斯林住宅中女眷居住的内室或闺房.

seraph
[5serEf; 5serEf] n (pl ~s or ~im[-fim; -fim] ) (in the Bible) member of the highest order of angels （《圣经》中的）撒拉弗（级别最高的天使）. Cf 参看 cherub. 派生： seraphic/se'rAfik; se'rAfik] adj (fml 文) 1 like an angel in beauty or purity 似天使般美丽或纯洁的: * a seraphic child, nature 天使般可爱的孩子、 性格. 2 feeling or showing great happiness 极愉快的: * a seraphic smile 极愉快的微笑.

sere
= sear1.

serenade
[7serE'neid; 7serE'ned] n song or tune (suitable to be) sung or played at night, esp by a lover outside the window of the woman he loves 小夜曲（尤指男子在所爱慕的女子窗外唱的或演奏的）. 派生： serenade v [Tn] sing or play a serenade to (sb) 为（某人）唱或奏小夜曲.

serendipity
[7serEn'dipEti; 7serEn'dipEti] n [U] (talent for) making pleasant and unexpected discoveries entirely by chance 全然无意中有所新奇发现（的本事）.

serene
[si'ri:n; sE'rin] adj calm and peaceful; tranquil 平静的; 宁静的: * a serene sky 晴朗的天空 * a serene look, smile, etc 安详的神情、 笑容等 * In spite of the panic, she remained serene and in control. 尽管人心惶惶, 但她却泰然自若. > serenely adv: * He seemed serenely unaware that anything had gone wrong. 他神色平静, 似乎并不知道已出事了. serenity/si'renEti; sE'renEti] n [U].

serf
[sE:f; sEf] n 1 (formerly) person forced by a landowner to work on the land in a feudal system （旧时）（封建制度中的）农奴. 2 (fig 比喻) worker treated harshly or like a slave 像奴隶般受奴役的人. 派生： serfdom[-dEm; -dEm] n [U] 1 social and economic system under which land was cultivated by serfs 农奴制: * abolish serfdom 废除农奴制. 2 conditions of a serf's life 农奴的处境: * released from his serfdom 脱离他那农奴困境.

serge
[sE:dV; sEdV] n [U] strong woollen cloth used for making clothes 毛哔叽: * [attrib 作定语] a blue serge suit 蓝色毛哔叽套服.

sergeant
[5sa:dVEnt; 5sardVEnt] n (often 常作 Sergeant;abbrs 缩写 Sergt, Sgt) 1 non-commissioned army officer ranking above a corporal and below a warrant officer 中士. =>App 9 见附录9. 2 (a) (Brit) police officer with a rank below that of an inspector 巡佐（级别低於巡官）. (b) (US) police officer with a rank below that of a captain or sometimes a lieutenant 警佐（级别低於队长或副队长）. 复合： ,sergeant-`major n (a) (Brit) warrant officer assisting the adjutant of a regiment or battalion 准尉副官. =>App 9 见附录9. (b) (US) highest rank of non-commissioned army officer 军士长. =>App 9 见附录9.

Sergt
(also Sgt) abbr 缩写 = Sergeant: Sergt (Colin) Hill （科林．）希尔中士 * Sgt-Maj, ie Sergeant-Major 准尉副官.

serial
[5siEriEl; 5siriEl] adj 1 [usu attrib 通常作定语] of, in or forming a series 连续的; 一系列的: * number files in serial order 把档案按顺序编上号 * a serial murderer, ie one who kills several people one after another 连续杀人犯. 2 [attrib 作定语] (of a story, etc) appearing in parts in a periodical, etc or on TV or radio （指故事等）（在杂志、 电视或广播等中）连续刊登或播出的: * Our new serial thriller begins at 7.30 this evening. 我们的新系列惊险故事於今晚7时30分开始播出. 派生： serial n serial play, story, etc 连续剧; 连载故事: a detective, romantic, thriller, etc serial 侦探的、 浪漫的、 惊险的...连续剧 * [attrib 作定语] serial rights, ie rights to make a serial out of a novel, story, etc 连载权. serialize, -ise[-riElaiz; -riEl7aiz] v [Tn] publish or broadcast (sth) as a serial 连载或连播（某内容）: * serialized on radio in twelve parts 分十二集在电台播出. serialization, -isation[7siEriElai'zeiFn; - -li'z-;7siriElE'zeFEn] n [C, U]. serially[-iEli; -iEli] adv. 复合： `serial number number identifying one item in a series, eg on a banknote or a cheque 顺序号, 编号（如纸币或支票上的）.

seriatim
[7siEri5eitim; 7siri5etim] adv (fml 文) one thing after another; point by point 依次地; 逐一地.

series
[5siEri:z; 5siriz] n (pl unchanged 复数不变)1 number of things, events, etc of a similar kind, esp placed or occurring one after another 一系列的事物:a series of good harvests 接连的丰收 * a series of brilliant leaders 一个接一个的杰出领袖 * a series of interconnected caves 一连串相互连接的洞 * a television/radio series, ie a number of programmes, each complete in itself, linked to each other by characters, theme, etc 电视[广播]系列节目 * a series of stamps/coins, eg of different values, but issued all at one time 一套邮票[硬币] * publish a new series of readers for students of English 出版一套新的英语学习读物 * the world series, eg of important baseball or football games in the US 世界联赛（如美国棒球或橄榄球的重要大赛）. 2 [C, U] electrical circuit with the supply of current flowing directly through each component 串联: * batteries connected in series 串联电池 * [attrib 作定语] a series circuit, connection, etc 串联电路、 串联. Cf 参看 parallel.

serif
[5serif; 5serif] n small line at the end of the stroke of a printed letter in certain type-faces 衬线（某些印刷体字母各端部的短线）: * [attrib 作定语] printed in a serif type-face 用字母带衬线的字体印刷. Cf 参看 sanserif.

serio
comic

serious
[5siEriEs; 5siriEs] adj 1 solemn and thoughtful; not frivolous 严肃的; 庄重的; 正经的: * a serious person, mind, appearance 严肃的人、 心情、 外表 * Her face was serious as she told us the bad news. 她告诉我们这个坏消息时脸色很严肃. * He seems very serious, but in fact he has a delightful sense of humour. 他看上去很严肃, 其实他十分诙谐. * Please be serious for a minute, this is very important. 请严肃点儿, 这事很重要. 2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of books, music, etc) intended to provoke thought; not merely for amusement （指书、 音乐等）启发思考的, 不仅为消遣的: * a serious essay about social problems 关於社会问题的发人深省的文章 * Do you ever read serious works? 你看不看理论性的着作? 3 important because of possible danger or risk; grave 严重的（可能有危险或风险的）; 重大的: * a serious illness, mistake, accident 严重的疾病、 错误、 事故 * a serious decision about giving up a steady job 要放弃一份稳定工作的重大决定 * That could cause serious injury. 那可能造成重伤. * The international situation is extremely serious. 国际形势极为严峻. 4 ~ (about sb/sth) in earnest; sincere 认真的; 真诚的: * a serious suggestion 诚恳的建议 * Are you really serious about him? ie Do you have sincere affection for him? 你真对他有意吗? （是否真心爱他?） * Is she serious about learning to be a pilot? 她真想学开飞机吗? 派生： seriously adv 1 in a serious way 严肃地; 庄重地; 启发性地; 严重地; 认真地: speak seriously to her about it 跟她认真地谈谈这件事 * seriously ill, injured, etc 病得、 伤得...很重. 2 (infml 口) (used at the beginning of a sentence when turning to a serious matter 用以将话题转到正经事上, 置於句首): Seriously though, you could really hurt yourself doing that. 说正经的, 你那样做可真要自讨苦吃了. =>Usage at hopeful 用法见hopeful.

serious1
3 (idm 习语) take sb/sth seriously regard sb/sth as important and worth treating with respect 认真对待某人[某事物]: You can't take her promises seriously: she never keeps her word. 她答应的事不必当真, 她从来说话不算数. * I take this threat very seriously. 我认为这种威胁非同小可. seriousness n [U] 1 state of being serious 严肃; 庄重; 严重; 认真: the seriousness of his expression 他的表情严肃 * the seriousness of the crisis 危机的严重性. 2 (idm 习语) in all `seriousness (infml 口) very seriously; not as a joke 极严肃、 庄重、 严重或认真; 并非玩笑: You can't in all seriousness go out in a hat like that! 你戴着那种帽子出门不是开玩笑嘛!

serjeant
at-arms

sermon
[5sE:mEn; 5sEmEn] n 1 (a) talk on a moral or religious subject, usu given by a clergyman from the pulpit during a religious service 讲道（通常指教士在讲坛上做出的）. (b) such a talk in printed form （印刷的）讲道文章: * a book of sermons 讲道集. 2 (fig infml 比喻, 口) long talk about moral matters or about sb's faults, etc （对某人的错误等的）一大通教训: * We had to listen to a long sermon about not wasting money. 我们硬着头皮听了一通别浪费钱的大道理. 派生： sermonize, -ise[-aiz; -aiz] v [I, Ipr] (derog 贬) give (often unwanted) moral advice in a pompous way 作长篇大论的说教（常指不中听的）.

serous
[5siErEs; 5sirEs] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of or like serum; watery （似）浆液的, 血清的; 水的; 多水的.

serpent
[5sE:pEnt; 5sEpEnt] n (dated 旧) 1 snake, esp a large one 蛇（尤指大的）. 2 person who tempts others to do wrong; sly person 诱人犯错的人; 狡猾的人: * the old Serpent, ie the Devil 魔王（魔鬼）. 派生： serpentine[5sE:pEntain; - -ti:n; 5sEpEn7tin] adj (fml 文) twisting and curving like a snake 像蛇般拳曲的; 蜿蜒的: * the serpentine course of the river 蜿蜒的河道.

serrated
[si'reitid; - 'sereitid; 5seretid] adj having notches on the edge like a saw; having a toothed edge 边缘呈锯齿状的; 有锯齿形边缘的: * a knife with a serrated blade 有锯齿形刃的刀子 * serrated leaves 有锯齿形边缘的叶子.

serration
[si'reiFn; si'reFEn] n 1 [U] being serrated 锯齿状. 2 C] notch on a serrated edge 锯齿形边缘的凹口.

serried
[5serid; 5serid] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (dated or fml 旧或文) (of rows of people or things) arranged close together in order （指人或物的行列）排紧的, 密集的: * serried rows/ranks/lines 密集的排[列/行].

serum
[5siErEm; 5sirEm] n (pl sera[5siErE; 5sirE] or ~ s) (medical 医) 1 [U] (a) watery liquid in animal bodies （动物体内的）浆液. (b) thin yellowish liquid that remains from blood after it has clotted 血清. 2 [C, U] (dose of) such liquid taken from an animal that is immune to a disease, used for inoculations （一剂）免疫血清（用於接种或预防注射）. Cf 参看 vaccine.

servant
[5sE:vEnt; 5sEvEnt] n 1 person who works in sb else's household for wages, and often for food and lodging 用人; 仆人; 人: * have/employ a large staff of servants 有[雇用]大批用人. 2 ~ (of sb/sth) (a) employee, esp a faithful and devoted one 雇员（尤指忠心耿耿的）: * a trusted servant of the company 公司里可靠的雇员. (b) person devoted to sb/sth 忠於某人[某事物]的人: * a servant of Jesus Christ, eg a Christian priest 耶稣基督的忠仆（如牧师）. 3 (idm 习语) your obedient servant => obedient.

serve
[sE:v; sEv] v 1 [I, Tn] ~ (sb) (as sth) work for (sb), esp as a servant 为（某人）工作; （尤指）当用人: * served as (a) gardener and chauffeur 做园艺工人兼司机 * He has served his master for many years. 他伺候主人很多年了. 2 [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (in sth/as sth) perform duties, eg in the armed forces 供职, 服役（如在军队里）: * serve (a year) in the Army 在陆军服役（一年） * served as a naval officer during the war 战时在海军当军官 * serve on (ie be a member of) a committee, board, etc 担任委员、 董事等 * serve under sb, ie be under the command of (a superior officer, leader, etc) 在某人手下任职 * She has served her country well, eg as a civil servant, Member of Parliament, etc. 她为国尽职（如作公务员、 议员等）. * (fig 比喻) This desk has served me well (ie been very useful to me) over the years. 这张办公桌多年来对我的用处可大了. 3 (a) [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sb (with sth); ~ sth (up) (to sb) give food to (sb) at a meal; place (food) on the table at a meal 供（某人）饭菜; 将（饭菜）摆上桌: * learn to serve at table, ie as a waiter 学习端饭上菜（当服务员） * Who's going to serve? 谁来布菜? * Dinner is served, ie is ready. 开饭了. * We serve coffee in the lounge. 我们起居室里有咖啡奉客. * Have all the guests been served (with) food and drink? 给所有的客人都上了饭菜饮品了吗? * Four waiters served lunch to us/served us lunch. 有四个服务员招待我们吃午饭. (b) [I, Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sb (with sth); ~ sth (to sb) attend to (a customer) or supply (sth) in a shop, etc （在商店等处）接待（顾客）或为顾客取来（货物）: * He serves in a shoeshop. 他在鞋店卖鞋. * Are you being served? 有售货员接待您吗? * He served some sweets to the children. 他为孩子们拿来他们要买的糖果. (c) [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: * Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (with sth) provide sb/sth with a facility 为某人[某事物]提供设施:

serve1
* The town is well served with public transport. 这个市镇公共交通设施很完善. 4 [I, Ipr, It, Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.n/a no passive 不用於被动语态] ~ (sb) (for/as sth) (fml 文) satisfy (a need or purpose); be suitable (for) 满足（需要）; 达到（目的）; 适合（於）: * This room can serve as/for a study. 这个房间可作书房用. * This serves to show how foolish you have been. 这足以说明你有多蠢. * It's not exactly what I wanted but it will serve my purpose. 这个跟我想要的不太一样, 但也算可以. 5 [Tn] (of a portion of food) be enough for （指一份食物）够...: * This packet of soup serves two. 这包汤料可供两人用. 6 [Tn] (fml 文) treat (sb) in a specified way 以某方式对待（某人）: * They have served me shamefully, ie have treated me very badly. 他们待我很坏. 7 [In/pr, Tn] (a) spend (a period of time) learning a trade, etc 用（某段时间）习艺等: * serve two years as an apprentice/a two-year apprenticeship 当两年学徒. (b) pass (a period of time) in prison 在狱中服（某段时间）刑: * serve ten years for armed robbery 因持械抢劫罪服刑十年 * (infml 口) serve time for fraud 因诈骗罪服刑. 8 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (on sb); ~ sb with sth (law 律) formally deliver sth to sb 将某物正式送达某人: * serve a summons, writ, warrant, etc 送达传票、 书面命令、 授权命令等 * serve a court order on sb/sb with a court order 把法院的命令送达某人. 9 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (to sb) (in tennis, etc) put the ball into play by striking it to one's opponent （网球等）发球: * It's your turn to serve (to me). 该你发（给我）球了. * She's already served two aces this game. 她在这一局中已两次发球得分. 10 [Tn] (of a male animal) copulate with (a female animal), esp after being hired for this purpose （指雄性动物）与（雌性动物）交配（尤指为此而租用动物）: * His bull will come to serve our cows tomorrow. 明天我们用他的公牛与我们的母牛配种.

serve2
11 [no passive 不用於被动语态: * I, Tn] assist a priest at (a religious service) 在（宗教仪式上）担任助祭: * Who will serve (at) Mass today? 今天谁任助祭? 12 (idm 习语) first come, first served =>first2. if memory serves =>memory. serve sb `right (of a misfortune, etc) be deserved bysb （指不幸事等）应由某人承受: * `I got soaked in the rain.’`It serves you right I told you to take an umbrella.'‘我让雨浇坏了.’‘活该--我早就告诉你得带雨伞.’ serve one's/its turn be useful for a purpose or for a particular period 於某目的或某时期有用: * I finally had to sell the car, but it had served its turn. 我最後只好把汽车卖了, 不过也算是物尽其用了. serve sb's turn be good or useful enough for sb's purpose 对某人（之需）有好处或有用处. serve two `masters (usu in negative sentences 通常用於否定句) follow two conflicting parties, principles, etc 伺候两个主人（追随两个敌对的党派或奉行两种相互矛盾的原则等）. 13 (phr v) serve sth out (a) give portions of (food) to several people 把（食物）分给大家: * Shall I serve out the soup or would you like to help yourselves? 是我来给你们盛汤, 还是你们愿意自己来? (b) serve, work, etc until the end of (a fixed period) 工作到（规定期限）的末尾: * You'll have to serve out your notice before you leave the firm. 你必须工作到你辞职通知的最後期限才能离开这个公司. serve sth up (infml derog 口, 贬) offer sth 提出: * She served up the usual excuses for being late. 她又端出老一套藉口为迟到辩解. 派生： serve n (in tennis, etc) act or manner of serving the ball （网球等的）发球或发球方式: Whose serve is it? ie Whose turn is it to serve? 该谁发球了? * a fast serve 快速发球. server n 1 person who serves, eg at Mass or in tennis （做弥撒时的）助祭; （网球等的）发球人. 2 tray for dishes; salver 放菜碟的浅盘; 托盘. 3 (usu pl 通常作复数) utensil used for putting a portion of food onto sb's plate 向个人碗碟中盛取食物的餐具: salad servers 盛取色拉用的叉匙.

serve3
serving n portion of food for one person （供一人食用的）一份食物: This recipe will be enough for four servings. 本食谱为四人食用分量.

service
[5sE:vis; 5sEvis] n 1 [U] ~ (to sth) performing duties, eg in the armed forces, or working for a government, company, etc 任职; 执行任务: * ten years' service in the navy, police force, etc 在海军、 警界等服务十年 * conditions of service 任职条件 * a life of public service 为公共事业服务的一生 * many years of faithful service to the company 为公司忠实工作多年. 2 [U] (fig 比喻) work done by a vehicle, machine, etc （车辆、 机器等的）用处: * My car has given me excellent service. 我的汽车很好用. * You will get good service from thistypewriter. 这个打字机对你很有用. 3 [C] (a) department of people employed by the government or a public organization 政府部门; 公用机构: * the ,Civil `Service 政府的行政部门 * the ,Diplo`matic Service 外交部门 * the ,National `Health Service 国民保健署. (b) branch of the armed forces 军种: * the three services, ie the Navy, the Army, the Air Force 叁军（海军、 陆军、 空军） * Which service is she in? 她在哪个军种服役? * [attrib 作定语] a service rifle, family, house 军用步枪、 军人家庭、 军人用房. 4 [U] (dated 旧) being a servant; position as a servant 当仆人; 仆人的地位: * be in/go into service, ie be/become a domestic servant 当仆人. 5 [C usu pl 通常作复数] ~ (to sb/sth) work done for another or others; helpful act; favour 服务; 帮助; 益处: * You did me a great service by showing me the truth. 你把实情告诉我了, 这对我很有好处. * They need the services of a good lawyer. 他们需要找个能干的律师协助处理. * Her services to the state have been immense. 她对国家的贡献极大. 6 [C] (a) system or arrangement that meets public needs, esp for communication 公用事业的业务或工作状况（尤指交通及通讯）: * a `bus/`train service 公共汽车[火车]营运 * the `telephone service 电话网络 * a good `postal service 良好的邮政业务

service1
* Essential services (ie the supply of water, electricity, etc) will be maintained. 基本的公用业务（水电等的供应）一定得到保障. (b) business that does work or supplies goods for customers, but does not make goods; such work or goods 不生产货物而以工作或提供货物的形式为顾客服务的业务; 这类工作或货物; 劳务: * We get export earnings from goods and services. 我们用货物和劳务创收外汇. * banking and `insurance services 银行业务和保险业务 * a new `carpet-cleaning service 新兴的地毯清洗业务 * [attrib 作定语] a `service industry 服务行业 * the `service sector 服务部门. 7 [U] serving of customers in hotels, restaurants, etc; work done by domestic servants, hotel staff, etc 旅馆、 饭馆等的业务; 用人、 旅馆职员等做的工作: * The food is good at this hotel, but the service is poor. 这家旅馆饭菜很好, 但服务很差. * An extra 10% was added to the restaurant bill for service. 饭馆帐单上已加了10%的服务费. * [attrib 作定语] a quick-service restaurant 上菜快的饭馆 * a service entrance, ie one for staff, rather than the public 服务人员入口. 8 [C] ceremony of religious worship or the prayers, etc used at this 礼拜仪式; 祈祷仪式: * three services every Sunday 每星期日叁次礼拜 * attend morning/evening `service 参加早[晚]祷 * the `marriage, `burial, com` munion, etc service 婚礼、 葬礼、 圣餐仪式. 9 [C, U] maintenance and repair of a vehicle, machine, etc at regular intervals （车辆、 机器等定期的）维修: * take a car in for (a) service every 3000 miles, eg to have the oil changed, the brakes checked, etc 汽车每行驶3000英里要进厂维修一次（如换机油、 检查刹车等） * a service for a gas boiler 煤气锅炉维修 * We offer (an) excellent after-sales service. 我们提供完备的售後服务. * [attrib 作定语] a service department, engineer 维修部、 技师. 10 [C] set of dishes, etc for serving food at table 吃饭用的一套盘碗等餐具:

service2
* a 30-piece `dinner service 30件一套的盘碗餐具. 11 [U] (law 律) delivering of a writ, summons, etc （书面命令、 传票等的）送达. 12 [C] (a) (in tennis, etc) act or manner of serving the ball; person's turn to serve （网球等的）发球, 发球方式, 轮到的发球权: * a fast service 快速发球 * Her service has improved. 她的发球技术已经改进了. * Whose service is it? 该谁发球了? (b) game in which sb serves 某人有发球权的一局: * win/hold/lose/drop one's service 赢得[保住/失去/输掉]有发球权的一局 * break sb's service, ie win a game in which one's opponent serves 破某人有发球权的一局 * [attrib 作定语] a service game 有发球权的一局. 13 [U] serving (serve 10) of a female animal by a male animal （用雄性动物与雌性动物的）配种. 14 (idm 习语) at sb's `service ready to help sb 随时帮助某人: * If you need advice, I am at your service. 你要是需要参考意见, 我随时可以帮你点儿忙. (be) of service (to sb) useful or helpful 有用; 有帮助: * Can I be of service to you in organizing the trip? 你组织这次旅行需要我帮忙吗? press sth into service =>press3. see service (in sth) (a) serve in the armed forces 在军队中服役: * He saw service as an infantry officer in the last war. 他在上次战争中当过步兵军官. * He has seen service in many different parts of the world. 他当兵到过世界各地. (b) (infml 口) be very useful, dependable, etc 很有用、 可靠等: * These old boots have certainly seen some service. 这双旧靴子可真禁穿. 派生： service v [Tn] 1 maintain and repair (a vehicle, machine, etc) at regular intervals （定期）维修（车辆、 机器等）: service a car, boiler, washing-machine 检修汽车、 锅炉、 洗衣机 * Has this mower been regularly serviced? 这个刈草机定期维修了吗? 2 supply a service(6a) or services to (sth) （公用事业）向（某处）提供服务: The power station is serviced (ie Fuel is delivered to it) by road transport. 这座发电站的燃料是通过公路运送的.

service3
3 pay interest on (a loan) 支付（贷款）的利息: The company hasn't enough cash to service its debts. 这家公司没有支付债务利息的现款. 4 = serve 4. serviceable adj 1 in usable condition 可使用的: The tyres are worn but still serviceable. 这些轮胎已磨损, 但尚可用. 2 suitable for ordinary use or hard wear (and not designed to be ornamental); durable; long-lasting 适於一般用途的, 禁磨的（非装饰性的）; 耐用的: serviceable clothes for children 耐穿的儿童衣物. serviceably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv. 复合： `service area area beside a motorway where petrol and refreshments, etc are sold （高速公路旁的）服务区（出售汽油、 茶点等的）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xiii. `service break = break2 6. `service charge sum added to a restaurant bill, eg 10% of the total, to pay for the service given by the waiters, etc （加於饭馆帐单上的）服务费, 小费（如全部费用的10%）: Does my bill include a service charge? 我的帐单包括服务费了吗? `service flat (Brit) flat in which domestic service and sometimes meals, etc are provided and charged for in the rent 有室内服务的公寓（有时包括饭食等, 均计入房租中）. `serviceman[-mEn; -mEn] n (pl -men[-mEn; -mEn] ) man in the armed forces 军人. `service road minor road, off a main road, giving access to houses, etc （大路旁的）侧路（通向建 物等的）. `service station = petrol station (petrol). `servicewoman n (pl -women) woman in the armed forces 女军人.

serviette
[7sE:vi'et; 7sEvi'et] n (esp Brit) table napkin 餐巾: * paper serviettes 纸餐巾.

servile
[5sE:vail; - -vl; 5sEvl] adj 1 (derog 贬) too ready to obey others; lacking independence 过分屈从的; 缺乏独立性的: * servile flattery 卑躬屈膝的谄媚 * I don't like his servile manner. 我不喜欢他那低叁下四的样子. 2 of, like or for a servant （似）仆人的; 为仆人的: * made to do servile tasks 被迫做仆人的工作. 派生： servilely[-ailli; -Elli] adv. servility/sE:'vilEti; sE'vilEti] n [U] (usu derog 通常作贬义) servile behaviour or attitude 过分屈从的行为或态度.

servitude
[5sE:vitju:d; - -tu:d; 5sEvE7tud] n [U] (fml 文) condition of being forced to work for others and having no freedom 奴役（状况）: * Such ill-paid farm work is a form of servitude. 这种农活儿工资低得可怜, 简直是苦役.

servo
mechanism

sesame
[5sesEmi; 5sesEmi] n 1 [U] tropical plant with seeds which are used as food and which give an oil used in salads and in cooking 芝麻; 脂麻; 胡麻: * [attrib 作定语] sesame seeds, oil 芝麻种子、 芝麻油. 2 (idm 习语) open sesame => open1.

session
[5seFn; 5seFEn] n 1 meeting or series of meetings of a parliament, lawcourt, etc for discussing or deciding sth （议会的）会议; （法庭的）开庭: * the morning session of the Crown Court 英国地方刑事法庭的上午开庭 * the next session of arms negotiations 军备谈判的下一届会议 * the autumn session (ie sitting) of parliament 议会的秋季会议. 2 (a) school or university year 学年. (b) (US) school term or period of study 学期. 3 single continuous period spent in one activity （进行某活动连续的）一段时间: * a re`cording session, ie one at which material is recorded on tape or discs, etc 录制时间（把材料录在磁带、 唱片等上用的时间） * After several sessions at the gym, I feel a lot fitter. 我在健身房锻炼了几次以後, 觉得身体好多了. 4 governing body of a Presbyterian church 长老会的管理机构. 5 (idm 习语) in `session (a) assembled for business 开会; 开庭: * The court is now in session. 法院现在开庭. (b) not on vacation 不在休假期: * Is Parliament in session during the summer? 议会在夏季是开会期吗?

set
1[set; set] n 1 [C] ~ (of sth) group of similar things that belong together in some way （类似物品的）一组, 一套, 一副, 一对: * a set of cutlery, golf clubs, hand tools 一套刀叉匙餐具、 高尔夫球杆、 手用工具 * a set of six dining chairs 六把一套的餐椅 * a set of Dickens novels 一套狄更斯的小说 * a set of false teeth 一副假牙 * a tea set, ie teapot, cups, saucers, etc 一套茶具 * a new set of rules to learn 要学的一套新规则. 2 [CGp] group of people who spend much time together socially or have similar tastes and interests 经常来往、 意气相投的一些人: * the literary, racing, golfing set 爱好文学、 赛马、 高尔夫球的一伙人 * the smart set, ie rich fashionable people 追求时髦的一批阔人 * the fast set, eg people who gamble, spend a lot of money, etc 放荡不甦的一群人（如赌博、 挥霍等的）. 3 [C] group of pupils with similar ability in a particular subject 在某学科上能力相当的一批学生: * She's in the top set in maths. 她在数学成绩最好的班上. 4 [C] (mathematics 数) group of things having a shared quality 集; 集合. 5 [C] device for receiving radio or television signals 收音机; 电视机: * a transistor set 晶体管收音机 * Do not adjust your (TV) set. 请勿自行调整电视机. 6 [sing] ~ (of sth) way in which sth is placed or arranged; position or angle （某物摆放的）样子; 位置; 角度: * She admired the firm set of his shoulders. 她喜欢他的肩膀很结实. 7 [sing] way in which sth sets (set2 13) 凝结、 凝固或固定的样子: * You won't get a good set if you put too much water in the jelly. 果冻搀水太多就凝固不好了. 8 [C] (in a tennis match) group of games in which one side must win the greater number of games in order to win that part of the match （网球赛中的）盘. 9 (also sett) [C] rectangular paving stone （铺路用的）长方形石板. 10 (also sett) [C] badger's burrow 獾洞.

set1
11 [C] (a) scenery being used for a play, film, etc （戏剧、 电影等的）布景, 场景: * We need volunteers to help build and paint the set. 我们需要有人自愿帮忙把布景搭起、 画好. (b) stage or place where a play or (part of) a film is performed 表演戏剧或拍摄电影（片断）的舞台或场地: * The cast must all be on (the) set by 7 pm. 所有演员必须在下午7时到达拍摄场地. 12 [C] young plant, shoot, etc for planting 幼苗; 树苗: * onion sets 洋葱苗. 13 [C] act of setting (set2 15) hair 固定发型; 做头发: * A shampoo and set costs 8. 洗头、 做头发共8英镑. 14 (idm 习语) the jet set => jet1. 复合： `set theory (mathematics 数) study or use of sets (set1 4) 集合论.

sett
[set; set] n = set1 9, 10.

settee
[se'ti:; se'ti] n long soft seat with a back and usu with arms, for two or more people 长沙发. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xvi.

setter
[5setE(r); 5setl] n 1 any of several breeds of long-haired dog, trained to stand motionless when it scents animals or birds being hunted 蹲伏猎狗（毛长,经训练嗅到猎物蹲伏不动以助猎）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page iii. 2 (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) person or thing that sets sth (in various meanings of set) （set各词义所指的）人或事物: * the setter of an examination paper 试卷命题人 * a `type-setter 排字工人 * a trend-setter 新潮倡导人.

setting
[5setiN; 5setiN] n 1 [C] way or place in which sth is fixed or fastened 镶嵌; 镶嵌底座: * The ring has a ruby in a silver setting. 这枚戒指的银底座上镶着一块红宝石. 2 [C] (a) surroundings; environment 环境: * The castle stands in a picturesque setting surrounded by hills. 这座城堡四周环山, 风景如画. (b) place and time at which an event occurs or a play, novel, etc is set （某事、 戏剧、 小说等的）背景: * The setting of the story is a hotel in Paris during the war. 故事发生在战时巴黎的一家旅馆里. * a gruesome setting for the murder 那谋杀案令人毛骨悚然的背景. 3 [C] speed, height, temperature, etc at which a device, machine, etc is or can be set to operate 装置、 机器等（可调）定的速度、 高度、 温度等; 挡: * The cooker has several temperature settings. 这个炉具有几个温度定位挡. 4 [C] music composed for a poem, etc （为诗等谱写的）乐曲: * Schubert's setting of a poem by Goethe 舒伯特为歌德的诗谱写的乐曲. 5 [sing] descent (of the sun, moon, etc) below the horizon （日、 月等的）落（在地平线以下）.

settle
1[5setl; 5setl] n wooden seat for two or more people, with a high back and arms, the seat often being the lid of a chest 木制有扶手的高背长椅（座位下常为柜橱, 座位即盖儿）.

settled
[5setld; 5setld] adj not changing or likely to change; stable 不变的; 不大可能改变的; 稳定的: * a settled spell of weather 持续一阵的天气 * lead a more settled life 过着安定些的生活.

settlement
[5setlmEnt; 5setlmEnt] n 1 (a) [U] settling or being settled 解决; 处理; 决定; 和解: * the settlement of a debt, dispute, claim 债务的偿还、 争端的解决、 索赔的清偿. (b) [C] agreement, etc that settles sth 解决某事物之协议等: * a lasting settlement of the troubles 一劳永逸的解决纠纷的办法 * The strikers have reached a settlement with the employers. 罢工的人已同雇主达成协议. 2 [C] (law 律) (document stating the) terms on which money or property is given to sb; money or property given in this way 金钱或财产的转让（契约）; 转让的金钱或财产: * a `marriage settlement, ie one made by a spouse in favour of his/her spouse when they get married 婚姻财产协议（结婚时一方向配偶转让财产的协议）. 3 (a) [U] process of settling in a colony 殖民（过程）: * the gradual settlement of the American West 向美国西部逐渐伸展的殖民过程. (b) [C] place where colonists have settled 殖民地: * Dutch and English settlements in North America 荷兰人和英国人在北美的殖民地 * penal settlements in Australia 澳大利亚流放地. 4 (idm 习语) in settlement (of sth) as payment (for sth) 对（债务等的）清偿: * I enclose a cheque in settlement of your account. 兹附支票一张以结清贵处帐目.

settler
[5setlE(r); 5setll] n person who comes to live permanently in a new, developing country; colonist 移民到新的发展中国家的人; 殖民者: * Welsh settlers in Argentina 移居阿根廷的威尔士人.

seven
[5sevn; 5sevEn] pron, det 7; one more than six 7,七（个）. =>App 4 见附录4. 派生： seven n 1 the number 7 *7; 七. 2 (idm 习语) at sixes and sevens => six . seven- (in compounds 用以构成复合词) having seven of the thing specified 有七个...的: a seven-line poem 一首七行诗. seventh[5sevnW; 5sevEnW] pron, det 7th; next after sixth 第7, 第七（个）. n one of seven equal parts of sth 七分之一. seventhly adv. For the uses of seven and seventh see the examples at five and fifth. 关於seven和seventh的用法见five和fifth词条中的示例. 复合： the seventh `day the Sabbath (Saturday for Jews, Sunday for Christians) 安息日（犹太教徒之星期六; 基督教徒之星期日）.

seventeen
[7sevn'ti:n; 7sevEn'tin] pron, det 17; one more than sixteen 17, 十七（个）. =>App 4 见附录4. 派生： seventeen n the number 17 *17; 十七. seventeenth[7sevn'ti:nW; 7sevEn'tinW] pron, det 17th; next after sixteenth 第17, 第十七（个）. n one of seventeen equal parts of sth 十七分之一. For the uses of seventeen and seventeenth see the examples at five and fifth. 关於seventeen和seventeenth的用法见five和fifth词条中的示例.

seventy
[5sevnti; 5sevEnti] pron, det 70; one more than sixty-nine 70, 七十（个）. =>App 4 见附录4. 派生： seventieth[5sevntiEW; 5sevEntiEW] pron, det 70th; next after sixty-ninth 第70, 第七十（个）. n one of seventy equal parts of sth 七十分之一. seventy n 1 [C] the number 70 *70; 七十. 2 the seventies [pl] numbers, years or temperature from 70 to 79 从70到79的数目、 年数或温度. 3 (idm 习语) in one's `seventies between the ages of 70 and 80 在70到80岁之间. For the uses of seventy and seventieth see the examples at five and fifth. 关於seventy和seventieth的用法见five和fifth词条中的示例. 复合： ,seventy-`eight n old-fashioned type of gramophone record to be played at 78 revolutions per minute 每分钟78转的旧式电唱机唱片.

sever
[5sevE(r); 5sevl] v (fml 文) 1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr]~ sth (from sth) divide or break or separate sth by cutting 切断, 割断（某物）: * sever a rope 割断绳子 * a severed limb, artery 截断的一肢、 动脉 * His hand was severed from his arm. 他的手切下与胳膊分离了. (b) [Tn] (fig 比喻) break off; end 中止; 结束: * sever relationswith sb 与某人断绝关系 * She has severed her connection with the firm. 她已同那家公司脱离了关系. 2 [I] break 断; 裂: * The rope severed under the strain. 绳子拉断了. 派生： severance[5sevErEns; 5sevErEns] n (fml 文) [U] cutting or being cut; discontinuation 切; 割; 中断: * the severance of diplomatic relations, of communications, of family ties 外交关系、 通讯、 家庭关系的断绝. 复合： `severance pay money paid to an employee whose contract is terminated 遣散费; 离职金; 解雇费.

several
[5sevrEl; 5sevrEl] indef det, indef pron more than three; some, but fewer than many 叁个以上; 一些（但不多）; 几个. (a) (det) : * Several letters arrived this morning. 今天上午来了几封信. * He's written several books about India. 他已经写了几本关於印度的书. * Several more people than usual came to the lunchtime concert. 来参加午餐时间音乐会的人比平日多了几个. (b) (pron) : * If you're looking for a photograph of Alice you'll find several in here. 你要是想找艾丽斯的照片, 这儿有几张. * There was a fire in the art gallery and several of the paintings were destroyed. 美术馆失了场火, 烧毁了几张画. * Several of you need to work harder. 你们有几个人还需要努力. 派生： severally[5sevrEli; 5sevrEli] adv (dated or fml 旧或文) separately 分开地: * They had all severally reached the same conclusion. 他们分别得出了同一结论.

severe
[si'viE(r); sE'vir] adj (-r, -st) 1 ~ (on/with sb/sth) strict or harsh in attitude or treatment; imposing stern discipline 严格的; 严厉的; 苛刻的; 纪律严明的: * a severe look, punishment, measure 严厉的样子、 惩罚、 措施 * a severe critic of modern drama 严厉批评现代戏剧的评论家 * be severe with one's children 对子女很严 * Was the judge too severe on the thief? 这个法官对小偷是不是太严厉了? 2 very bad, intense, difficult, etc 非常恶劣、 紧张、 困难等: * a severe storm 猛烈的风暴 * severe pain, injuries, etc 剧痛、 重伤 * a severe attack of toothache 牙齿的剧痛 * The drought is becoming increasingly severe. 旱灾日趋严重. 3 demanding great skill, ability, patience, etc （对技巧、 能力、 耐心等）要求很高的: * a severe test of climbers' stamina 对攀登者耐力的严峻考验 * severe competition for university places 考大学的激烈竞争 * The pace of the race was too severe to be maintained for long. 比赛的速度极快, 很难持久. 4 (of style, appearance, clothing, etc) unadorned; simple （指风格、 外貌、 衣物等）无装饰的, 简单的, 素的: * Her plain black dress was too severe for such a cheerful occasion. 她穿着黑色连衣裙, 在这种欢乐的场合未免太素了. 派生： severely adv: punish sb severely 严厉惩罚某人 * severely handicapped 严重伤残 * dress very severely 穿得很 素. severity/si'verEti; sE'verEti] n 1 [U] quality of being severe 严格; 严厉; 苛刻; 剧烈; 素: * punish sb with severity 严厉惩罚某人 * the severity (ie extreme cold) of the winter 冬天的严寒. 2 severities [pl] (fml 文) severe treatment or conditions 严厉的对待; 艰苦的环境: * the harsh severities of life in the desert 沙漠生活的艰苦.

sew
[sEu; so] v (pt sewed, pp sewn/sEun; son] or sewed) 1 (a) [I, Ipr] make stitches in cloth, etc with a needle and thread （用针线）缝: * sitting sewing by the fire 坐在火炉旁不停地缝着 * sew by hand/by machine 用手[用机器]缝 * sew round the hem 缝边 * sew over the seam again 在缝合处再缝一次. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] make or attach or fasten (sth) by stitching 缝制或缝上或缝合（某物）: * sew a dress, skirt, etc 缝制连衣裙、 裙子等 * a hand-sewn shirt 手工缝的衬衫 * sew a button onto the shirt 把钮扣缝在衬衫上 * sew the parts of the shirt together 把衬衫各部分缝在一起 * sew the flap of the pocket down 缝上衣服口袋的盖儿. 2 (phr v) sew sth in/into sth enclose sth by sewing 将某物缝进去: * sew money into the lining of a coat 把钱缝在大衣的衬里儿里. sew sth up (a) join or mend sth by sewing 缝合或缝补某物: * sew up a hole in a sock 把袜子上的洞缝补好 * The suit was sewn up along the seams by hand. 这套衣服是手工缝的. (b) (esp passive 尤用於被动语态) (infml 口) arrange sth; settle sth 安排或解决某事: * sew up a deal, project, etc 安排一交易、 计画等 * By the end of the meeting everything should be nicely sewn up. 到会议结束时, 一切均应妥善解决. 派生： sewer[5sEuE(r); 5sol] n. sewing n [U] 1 activity of sewing （用针线的）缝, 缝合, 缝纫. 2 work (clothes, etc) that is being sown 缝制的东西（衣物等）: * Where is my sewing? 我的针线活儿在哪儿呢? * I've got a pile of sewing to do. 我有很多东西要缝. * a sewing table, basket, etc 裁缝案子、 篮子等. `sewing-machine n machine for sewing 缝纫机.

sewage
[ 5su:IdV or, in British use, 英式英语读作 5sju:-;`suIdV] n [U] waste matter from human bodies, factories, towns, etc that flows away in sewers (sewer1) （下水道里的）污物: * chemical treatment of sewage 对下水道污物的化学处理 * [attrib 作定语] sewage disposal 下水道污物处理. 复合： `sewage farm place where sewage is treated, esp for use as manure （下水道的）污物处理场（尤指用作肥料的）. `sewage works place where sewage is purified so that it can be allowed to flow away safely into a river, etc （对下水道的）污物处理厂.

sewer
1[ 5su:E(r) or, in British use, 英式英语读作 5sju:-;`suL] n underground pipe or passage that carries sewage away to be treated or purified 下水道; 阴沟; 污水管; 排水管. 派生： sewerage[-idV; -idV] n [U] system of sewers; drainage 排水系统.

sewn
pp of sew.

sex
[seks; seks] n 1 (a) [U] condition of being male or female; gender 性别; 性: * differences of sex 性的区别 * What sex is your dog? 你的狗是公的还是母的? * Everyone is welcome, regardless of age or sex. 欢迎大家, 无论男女老幼一律欢迎. * [attrib 作定语] sex discrimination, ie treating sb differently because of his/her sex 性别歧视. (b) [C] either of the two main groups (male and female) into which living things are placed according to their functions in the process of reproduction (reproduce 4) 男性, 女性, 雄性, 雌性（指生殖功能而言的）: * Is this behaviour typical of the male sex? 这种行为是雄性特有的吗? * There has always been some conflict between the sexes. 两性之间从来就有矛盾. 2 [U] ~ (with sb) sexual intercourse 性交: * have sex (with sb) （与某人）性交 * They often had sex together. 他们常发生性关系. * [attrib 作定语] sex organs, ie penis, vagina, etc 性器官. 3 [U] activities that lead to and include sexual intercourse; mutual physical attraction between people 性行为; 性吸引; 性感: * a film with lots of sex in it 有很多性行为镜头的电影 * During puberty, young people become more interested in sex. 年轻人在青春期对性逐渐产生较大兴趣. * [attrib 作定语] a sex manual, ie giving information on sexual behaviour 性知识手册 * a sex shop, ie selling pornography, devices to make sex more enjoyable, etc 性用品商店. 4 (idm 习语) the weaker sex => weak. 派生： sex v [Tn] find out the sex(1) of (a creature) 鉴别（某生物）的性别: sexing very young chicks 识别小雏鸡的性别. -sexed (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having the specified amount of sexual desire 有某程度的性欲的: a highly-sexed youth * over-sexed, ie too interested in sexual matters. sexless adj 1 lacking sexual desire, attractiveness or activity 缺乏性欲、 性感或性行为的: a dry, sexless person 冷淡、 无性感的人

sex1
* a sexless relationship 无性行为的关系. 2 neither male nor female; having neither masculine nor feminine characteristics; neuter 无性的; 无雌雄特 徵的; 中性的. sexy adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) 1 of or about sex(2,3) （关於）性交的, 性行为的, 性吸引的: a sexy book, film, etc 关於性行为的书、 影片等 * making sexy suggestions 提出性交的想法. 2 (a) causing sexual desire 引起性欲的; 性感的: You look very sexy in that dress. 你穿着那件连衣裙很性感. (b) feeling sexual desire 有性欲的: get/feel sexy 产生性欲[感到有性欲]. sexily adv. sexinessn [U]. 复合： `sex act sexual intercourse 性交. `sex appeal sexual attractiveness 性的魅力; 性感: a man with lots of sex appeal 极性感的男子. `sex life person's sexual activities 性生活: How's your sex life? 你的性生活怎样? `sex-starved adj (infml 口) not having enough opportunities for sexual intercourse 缺少性交机会的; 性饥饿的.

sexagenarian
[7seksEdVi'neEriEn; 7seksEdVE'neriEn] n, adj [attrib 作定语] (fml 文) (person who is) of any age from 60 to 69 60到69岁之间的（人）.

sexism
[5seksizEm; 5seksizEm] n [U] (derog 贬) prejudice or discrimination against people (esp women) because of their sex 性别偏见或歧视（尤指对女性）: * blatant sexism in the selection of staff 在挑选职员时明显的性别歧视. 派生： sexist[5seksist; 5seksist] adj (derog 贬) of or showing sexism （表现）性别偏见的, 性别歧视的（尤指对女性）: * a sexist person, attitude, remark, book 有性别歧视的人、 态度、 言语、 书 * It is sexist to say that women are less intelligent than men. 所谓女性没有男性聪明的说法是对性别的偏见. n (derog 贬) person who shows sexism or has a sexist attitude 有性别偏见或性别歧视的人（尤指对女性）.

sexology
[sek'sClEdVi; sek'salEdVi] n [U] scientific study of human sexual behaviour 性学. 派生： sexologist/sek'sClEdVist; sek'salEdVist] n expert in sexology 性学专家.

sextant
[5sekstEnt; 5sekstEnt] n instrument used for measuring the altitude of the sun, eg in order to determine the position of one's ship 六分仪（测量太阳高度的仪器, 如用以为船定位）.

sextet
(also sextette)[seks'tet; seks'tet] n (piece of music for a) group of six singers or players 六重唱（曲）; 六重奏（曲）.

sexton
[5sekstEn; 5sekstEn] n person who takes care of a church and its churchyard, rings the church bell, etc 教堂司事（负责看管教堂及其墓地、 敲钟等）.

sexual
[5sekFuEl; 5sekFuEl] adj 1 (a) of sex(2,3) or the sexes or the physical attraction between them 性交的; 性行为的; 性吸引的; 两性的; 肉体吸引的: * sexual feelings, activity, desire 性吸引的感受、 性活动、 性欲 * Her interest in him is primarily sexual. 她喜欢他主要是肉体上的. (b) of sex(1) or gender 性别的; 性的; 男性或女性的; 雄性或雌性的: * sexual differences, characteristics, etc 性的区别、 特徵等. 2 [attrib 作定语] concerned with the reproduction of offspring 生殖的; 有性生殖的: * sexual organs, ie penis, vagina, etc 生殖器官 * sexual reproduction in plants 植物的有性生殖. 派生： sexuality[7sekFu'AlEti; 7sekFu'AlEti] n [U] sexual nature or characteristics 性别的特性或特徵; 性吸引; 性感; 性能力. sexually[-Eli; -Eli] adv: * sexually active 在性方面活跃 * a sexually transmitted disease 性传染病. 复合： sexual `intercourse (also intercourse) insertion of a man's penis into a woman's vagina, usu leading to the ejaculation of semen; copulation 性交; 交媾.

SF
[7es 'ef; 7es 'ef] abbr 缩写 = (infml 口) science fiction.

sgd
abbr 缩写 = signed (on a form, etc).

Sgt
abbr 缩写 = Sergt.

sh
[F; F] interj be quiet!; be silent! 安静! ; 静一静!: * Sh! You'll wake the baby! 嘘! 你要把孩子吵醒的!

shabby
[5FAbi; 5FAbi] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 (a) (of things) in poor condition through much use or being badly cared for （指东西）因使用过久或照管不善而破旧的: * a shabby dress, chair, room 破旧的连衣裙、 椅子、 房间 * a tramp in shabby old clothes 衣衫褴褛的流浪者. (b) (of people) poorly dressed （指人）衣着寒酸的: * You look rather shabby in those clothes. 你穿着那种衣服显得很寒酸. 2 (fig 比喻) (of behaviour) mean and unfair; dishonourable （指行为）卑鄙而不正当的, 不光彩的: * a shabby excuse 卑劣的藉口 * play a shabby trick on sb 对某人耍鬼花招. > shabbily[5FAbili; 5FAbli] adv: * I think you have been shabbily treated. 我看是人家亏待你了. shabbiness n [U].

shack
[FAk; FAk] n roughly built shed, hut or house 简陋的棚子、 小屋或房子. 派生： shack v (phr v) shack up (with sb/together) (Brit sl 俚) (esp of a couple) live together although not married （尤指情侣）未婚而同居: They've decided to shack up together in her flat. 他们决定在她的公寓里同居.

shackle
[5FAkl; 5FAkl] n 1 [C usu pl 通常作复数] either of a pair of metal rings linked by a chain, used for fastening a prisoner's wrists or ankles together 手铐; 脚镣; 镣铐. 2 shackles [pl] the ~s of sth (fig 比喻) conditions, circumstances, etc that prevent one from acting or speaking freely 束缚; 羁绊: * the shackles of convention 习俗的束缚. 派生： shackle v 1 [Tn] put shackles on (sb) 给（某人）带上手铐或脚镣. 2 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (fig 比喻) prevent (sb) from acting or speaking freely 束缚（某人）: shackled by outdated attitudes 受旧观念的束缚.

shad
[FAd; FAd] n (pl unchanged 复数不变) large edible fish of the N Atlantic coast of N America 西鲱（体大, 食用鱼, 产於北美北大西洋沿岸）.

shade
[Feid; Fed] n 1 [U] ~ (from sth) (place where there is) comparative darkness and often coolness caused by sth blocking direct light or heat, esp of the sun 荫; 阴凉处: * a temperature of 35C in the shade 阴凉处35C的温度 * sit in the shade of a tree, wall, etc 坐在树、 墙等的阴凉处 * Stay in the shade it's cooler. 呆在背阴处吧--那儿凉快些. * The trees give some welcome shade from the sun. 这些树遮住了阳光, 很舒适凉快. 2 [C] (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) thing that shuts out light or makes it less bright 遮光物: * an `eye-shade 遮光帽檐 * a new shade for the `lamp/`lampshade 新灯罩. 3 shades [pl] the ~s of sth (fml 文) the darkness of sth 黑暗: * the shades of evening/night 暮[夜]色. 4 shades [pl] (infml 口 esp US) sun-glasses 墨镜. 5 [U] darker part(s) of a picture, etc （图画、 照片等的）较阴暗部分: * There is not enough light and shade in your drawing. 你这幅画的明暗色调不够. 6 [C] (degree or depth of) colour; hue 颜色; 色度: * material in several shades of blue 几种色度的蓝色材料 * choose a lighter shade 选择淡些的颜色 * Do you like the blouse in this shade? 你喜欢这种色度的女衬衫吗? 7 (a) [C] ~ of sth slight difference in sth 细微的差别: a word with many shades of meaning 有许多相近意思的一个词 * people with all shades of opinion 意见不一的人们. (b) [sing] a ~ (better, worse, etc) a small amount 少量; 些微: I think it's a shade warmer today. 我觉得今天暖和一点儿. * She feels a shade better than yesterday. 她感觉比昨天好一些. 8 shades [pl] ~ s of sb/sth (infml 口) reminders of sb/sth 对某人[某事物]的联想: `Shades of Hitler!’ I thought, as I listened to the dictator haranguing the crowd. 那个独裁者向群众声嘶力竭地训话, 我一听就想到, ‘真像希特勒!’ * In some modern fashions we can see shades of the 1930s. 在有些摩登时装中可以看到叁十年代的影子.

shade1
9 [C] (fml 文) soul after death; ghost 灵魂; 鬼魂; 阴魂: the shades of my dead ancestors 我的先祖的幽魂. 10 (idm 习语) put sb/sth in the `shade be very superior to sb/sth 使某人[某事物]相形失色: I thought I was quite a good artist, but your painting puts mine in the shade. 我原以为自己画得不错, 可比起你的画儿来未免相形见绌. 派生： shade v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (from sth) block off light from sb/sth; give shade to sb/sth 给某人[某物]遮住光线; 给某人[某物]阴凉: She shaded her eyes (from the sun) with her hand. 她把手放在眼睛上方挡住阳光. 2 [Tn] screen (a lamp, light, etc) to reduce its brightness 遮挡（灯、 光等）以减弱亮度: shade the bulb with a dark cloth 用深色布遮挡灯泡使光暗些. 3 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (in) darken (a part of a drawing, etc), eg with parallel pencil lines, to give an effect of light and shade 将（图画等的某部）颜色加深（如加铅笔线条以显出明暗效果）: shade (in) this area to represent the person's shadow 把这部分画暗些以显出人影 * the shaded areas on the map 地图上颜色深的地方. 4 [Ipr, Ip] ~ from sth into sth; ~ (off) into sth (esp of colours) change gradually into (another colour or variety) （尤指颜色）逐渐变成（其他颜色）: scarlet shading (off) into pink 猩红色逐渐变成粉色 * a colour that shades from blue into green 由蓝逐渐变绿的颜色 * (fig 比喻) socialism shading into communism 逐渐向共产主义过渡的社会主义. shading n [U] (use of) pencil marks, etc that give an effect of darkness in a part of a picture （绘画的）明暗（运用）.

shadow
[5FAdEu; 5FAdo] n 1 [C, U] (patch of) shade caused by an object blocking direct rays of light 阴影; 影子: * The chair casts a shadow on the wall. 椅子的影子映到墙上了. * Shadows are longer when the sun is low in the sky. 太阳很低时, 物体的影子就很长. * Her face was in deep shadow. 她的脸部在一片很暗的阴影中. * (fig 比喻) The bad news cast a shadow on/over our meeting, ie made us sad. 那个坏消息给会议蒙上了阴影. => illus at shade 见shade插图. 2 [C] dark patch or area 深色的斑; 深色部分: * have shadows under/round the eyes, eg because of illness or lack of sleep 眼睛下面[周围]有黑圈（如因病或缺觉）. 3 [U] shaded part of a picture （绘画的）阴暗部分: * areas of light and shadow 明暗的部分 * The light from one side leaves half the subject's face in shadow. 因光线来自一边, 画中人的脸有一半成为阴暗部分. 4 shadows [pl] partial darkness 不完全的黑暗: * a figure standing in the shadows 站在较暗处的人 * the shadows of evening 暮色. 5 [C] (a) person's constant attendant or companion 如影随形的随从或伙伴: * The dog is his master's shadow. 这条狗和主人形影不离. (b) person who secretly follows and watches sb, eg a criminal 跟踪盯梢的人（如对罪犯的）: * The police put a shadow on the suspected robber. 警方派探员盯住那个抢劫疑犯. 6 [C] thing that is weak or unreal 微弱的或虚幻的东西: * catch at shadows, ie try to obtain sth that does not exist 捕捉虚无缥缈的东西 * You can't spend your life chasing after shadows. 你不能一辈子追求不存在的东西. 7 [sing] ~ of sth (usu in negative sentences 通常用於否定句) slight trace of sth 某事物的痕迹: * not a shadow of (a) doubt 毫无疑义 * There's not a shadow of justification for your behaviour. 你的举动毫无道理.8 [sing] the ~ of sb/sth the strong influence of sb/sth 某人[某事物]的巨大影响:

shadow1
* the shadow of the approaching catastrophe 灾难即将降临的威胁 * For years he lived in the shadow of his famous mother. 他受母亲盛名荫庇多年. * The shadow of this early tragedy has affected her whole life. 她年纪轻轻遭此劫难, 影响了她一生. 9 (idm 习语) be afraid of one's own shadow => afraid . a `shadow of one's/its former self not having the strength, influence, etc that one/it formerly had 已不再有以前的力量、 影响力等: * She used to be a great player, but now she's only a shadow of her former self. 她以前是个健将, 现在已不及当年了. 派生： shadow v [Tn] 1 cast a shadow on (sb/sth) 使阴影或影子映在（某人[某物]）上: The wide brim of his hat shadowed his face. 他的大帽檐的影子映在他的脸上. 2 follow and watch (sb) secretly 跟踪盯住（某人）: A policeman in plain clothes shadowed the criminal all day. 有个便衣警察整天秘密监视那个罪犯. shadow adj [attrib 作定语] (Brit politics 政) denoting leading members of the Opposition party who would probably be Cabinet ministers if their party became the Government, and who act as spokesmen on matters for which they would then be responsible 影子内阁的（指在野党若组阁, 有望成为内阁各大臣的人对各自应负责的事务发表言论方面）: the Shadow Cabinet 影子内阁 * the Shadow Foreign Secretary 影子外交大臣. shadowy adj 1 full of shadows or shade 有影子的; 多阴凉的: the shadowy interior of the barn 谷仓阴凉的内部 * cool, shadowy woods 凉爽、 多阴凉的树林. 2 (fig 比喻) like a shadow; indistinct 似影子的; 模糊的: a shadowy figure glimpsed in the twilight 在暮色中闪现出的一个人影. 复合： `shadow-box v [I] box with an imaginary opponent 与假想对手打拳: shadow-boxing alone in the ring 在拳击台上自己练习打拳. `shadow-boxing n [U].

shady
[5Feidi; 5Fedi] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 giving shade from sunlight; situated in the shade 遮阳的; 背阴的; 成荫的; 在背阴处的: * a shady orchard 成荫的果园 * a shady corner of the garden 花园背阴的一角. 2 (infml derog 口, 贬) not entirely honest; disreputable 不太正直的; 名声不好的: * a shady business, deal, organization 不正当的生意、 交易、 组织机构 * a shady-looking person 鬼头鬼脑的人. > shadily[-ili; -ili] adv. shadiness n [U].

shaft
[Fa:ft; - FAft; FAft] n 1 [C] (a) long slender stem of an arrow or a spear 箭杆; 矛杆. (b) [C] (arch 古) arrow; spear 箭; 矛. 2 [C] ~ (of sth) (fig 比喻) remark intended to wound or stimulate 旨在伤人或刺激人的话: * shafts of malice 恶意挖苦人的话 * her brilliant shafts of wit 她的机智犀利的词锋. 3 [C] long handle of an axe or other tool, or eg of a golf-club 长柄（如斧、 高尔夫球杆等用具的）. 4 [C] either of the two bars or poles between which a horse is harnessed to pull a cart, etc 辕; 辕子. 5 [C] main part of a column, between the base and the capital 柱身. => illus at column 见column插图. 6 [C] (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) bar or rod joining parts of a machine or transmitting power in a machine （机器的）连 , 传动轴, 旋转轴: * a `crankshaft * a `drive-shaft.7 [C] (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) long narrow (usu vertical) space, eg for a lift to move up and down in, for entry into a mine, or for ventilation 通道（通常指垂直的, 如为电梯、 矿井升降机等上下移动的, 或通风用的）: * a `lift-shaft 升降机井 * a `mine-shaft 井筒 * sink a shaft 挖竖井. Cf 参看 gallery 6. 8 the shaft [sing] (US infml 口) unfair treatment; trickery 苛待; 诡计: * give sb/get the shaft 亏待某人[受到亏待] * We were given the shaft, and lost a lot of money. 我们上了大当, 损失了很多钱. 9 [C] ~ (of sth) long thin beam (of light, etc) （光线等的）束: * a shaft of light/sunlight/moonlight/lightning 一道光[阳光/月光/闪光]. 派生： shaft v [Tn] (US infml 口) treat (sb) unfairly or harshly; cheat 苛待（某人）; 欺骗.

shag
1[FAg; FAg] n [U] strong coarse type of cut tobacco 浓味粗烟丝.

shagged
[FAgd; FAgd] adj [pred 作表语] (also shagged `out) (Brit sl 俚) very tired 非常累; 精疲力竭.

shaggy
[5FAgi; 5FAgi] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 rough, thick and untidy 粗糙、 浓密而不整齐的: * shaggy hair, eyebrows蓬乱的头发、 粗眉 * a shaggy beard 蓬乱的胡子.2 covered with rough untidy hair or fibres, etc 有粗糙而不整齐的毛发或纤维的: * a shaggy dog, mat, coat 粗毛的狗、 垫子、 大衣. > shaggily[-ili; -ili] adv. shagginess n [U]. 复合： shaggy-`dog story long rambling joke, often with a pointless and not very funny ending 冗长杂乱的笑话（结尾常为平淡无趣的）.

shah
[Fa:; Fa] n (title of a) former ruler of Iran 沙（旧时伊朗国王或其称号）.

shake
1[Feik; Fek] v (pt shook/Fuk; Fuk] , pp shaken/ 5FeIkEn; `FekEn/) 1 (a) [La, I, Tn, Tn.p, Cn.a] ~ sb/sth (about/around) (cause sb/sth to) move quickly and often jerkily from side to side or up and down （使某人[某物]）急速摇动或颠簸（常指猛然产生或停止）: * a bolt shaking loose in an engine 发动机上震松的螺栓 * The earth shook under us, eg in an earthquake. 大地在我们脚下抖动（如地震时）. * The table shook when she banged her fist on it. 她用拳头把桌子敲得直颤. * Shake the bottle before taking the medicine. 服药前先将药瓶摇一摇. * He shook the carpet to get rid of the dust. 他把地毯上的尘土抖掉了. * He shook her violently as a dog shakes a rat. 他使劲把她推来推去, 像狗玩老鼠似的. * Great sobs shook his whole body. 他哭得浑身发抖. * The bumpy car ride shook us around a bit. 汽车把我们颠得有些摇摇晃晃. * Vibrations shook the panel loose. 仪表板震松了. (b) [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) (of a person) tremble; quiver （指人）发抖, 打颤: * laughed until their sides shook 笑得他们浑身直颤 * shaking with laughter, fear, rage, etc 笑得、 吓得、 气得...打颤 * shaking with cold 冻得发抖. 2 (a) [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sb (up) disturb the calmness of sb; trouble or shock sb 使某人心绪不宁; 烦扰或惊吓某人: * shaken by the news of her death 受到她死讯的震惊 * They were badly shaken (up) in the accident. 他们在这次事故中受到很大打击. * This surprising development quite shook me. 这一惊人的新情况把我吓坏了. (b) [Tn] make (sth) less certain; weaken 动摇（某人）的想法; 减弱: * shake sb's faith, courage, belief, etc 动摇某人的信仰、 削弱某人的勇气、 动摇某人的信念 * Her theory has been shaken by this new evidence. 这一新证据动摇了她的理论. 3 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) (of sb's voice) become weak or faltering; tremble （指某人的嗓音）变弱, 发颤, 颤抖:

shake1
* His voice shook (with emotion) as he announced the news. 他宣布这一消息时, 声音（因激动）有些颤抖. 4 [I, Ipr] ~ (on sth) (infml 口) shake hands 握手: * We're agreed, so let's shake (on it). 咱们意见一致了, 握握手吧. 5 (idm 习语) shake the dust (of...) off one's feet leave a place one does not like, hoping not to return 离开厌恶之处, 但愿不再返回: * After a year of misery here, I'm finally shaking the dust of this town off my feet. 我在这个市镇受了一年罪, 总算离开这里了. shake one's `fist (at sb) show that one is angry with sb or threaten sb by shaking one's fist 向某人挥拳表示愤怒或恐吓. shake sb's `hand/shake `hands (with sb)[shake sb by the `hand grasp sb's hand and move it up and down as a greeting, or to express agreement, etc 握手（表示问候或同意等）. shake one's `head turn one's head from side to side as a way of indicating `no', or to express doubt, sorrow, disapproval, etc 摇头（表示否定、 怀疑、 悲伤、 不赞成等）. shake in one's `shoes (infml 口) be very frightened 非常害怕: * He was shaking in his shoes at the thought of flying for the first time. 他想到这是他第一次乘飞机就吓得要命. shake a `leg (dated Brit sl 旧, 俚) (esp imperative 尤用於祈使句) get moving; start to act; hurry 出发; 动手; 赶快; 快点儿: * Come on, shake a leg, we're late already. 好啦, 快点儿吧, 我们已经晚啦. shake like a leaf tremble with fear, nervousness, etc 因害怕、 紧张...而发抖. 6 (phr v) shake down (a) settle down and function properly 安顿下来, 一切就绪: The new office staff are shaking down well. 新职员各方面都很顺利. (b) sleep somewhere where there is no proper bed 睡在没有正式床的地方: You can shake down on the floor. 你可以临时睡在地板上. shake sb down (US infml 口) get money from sb by threats, violence, etc 勒索或敲诈某人. shake sb/sth down (US infml 口) search sb/sth thoroughly 彻底搜查某人[某处]: Police shook the club down, looking for narcotics. 警方为搜索毒品把那个俱乐部彻底搜查了一遍.

shake2
shake sth from, into, onto, out of, etc sth move sth in the specified direction by shaking 摇动某物使之沿某方向移动: shake scouring powder into the bath 把去污粉撒进浴缸里 * shake salt from the salt-cellar onto one's food 摇晃盐瓶把盐撒在食物上 * shake sand out of one's shoes 把鞋里的沙子抖落出来. shake sb off rid oneself of (sb unwanted); escape from sb 摆脱（某人）; 从某人处逃脱: shake off one's pursuers 甩掉跟踪的人 * She tried to shake him off but he continued to pester her. 她想甩开他, 但他仍不断缠着她. shake sth off get rid of sth 摆脱某事物: shake off a cold, a fit of depression 治好感冒、 消除沮丧的情绪. shake sth off (sth) remove sth by shaking 用摇动等方法除掉某物: shake the snow off (one's coat) 抖掉（大衣上的）雪. shake sth out open or spread sth by shaking 用摇动等方法打开或展开某物: shake out a sheet, sail, etc 抖开床单、 帆等. shake sth up mix sth thoroughly by shaking 用摇动等方法将某物混合均匀: Shake up the salad-dressing before you put it on. 把色拉调味汁摇匀再 在色拉上. shake sb up rouse sb from a state of lethargy, apathy, etc 使某人振作起来、 积极起来等: We've got to shake up all these people with old-fashioned ideas. 我们得让这些老脑筋的人清醒清醒了. 派生： shaker n (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) container in which or from which sth is shaken 摇动的容器; 可摇出东西的容器: a `cocktail-shaker 鸡尾酒摇动器 * a `dice-shaker 色子摇盒. shaking n [sing] act of shaking 摇动; 震动; 颠簸: give sth a good shaking, ie shake it well 把某物摇匀. 复合： `shakedown n 1 improvised bed 临时床 : a shakedown on the floor 地 . 2 (US infml 口) act of getting money by violence, threats, etc 勒索; 敲诈.3 (US infml 口) thorough search 彻底的搜查: a shakedown of drug dealers 对毒贩进行的彻底搜查.4 final test, eg of a ship, aircraft, etc 最後的测试（如对船、 飞行器等的）: [attrib 作定语] a shakedown voyage, flight, trial, etc 最後试航、 试飞、 试用等.

shake3
`shake-up (also `shake-out) n major reform or reorganization 大改革; 大改组: The only thing that will save the company is a thorough shake-up of the way it is run. 挽救该公司的唯一办法是彻底改变其经营方式.

Shakespearian
(also Shakespearean)[Feik'spiEriEn; Fek'spiriEn] adj (in the style) of Shakespeare 莎士比亚的（风格的）: * Shakespearean sonnets 莎士比亚十四行诗 * Shakespearian quotations 莎士比亚语录.

shaky
[5Feiki; 5Feki] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 shaking or trembling through weakness, illness, etc （因病、 体弱等）摇晃的, 发抖的, 颤抖的: * a shaky walk, voice 摇摇晃晃的步子、 颤抖的声音 * Her hands are shaky because she's nervous. 她紧张得双手发抖. * He looks a bit shaky on his feet. 他像是站不稳的样子. 2 not firm and steady; not safe and reliable 不坚定的; 不稳定的; 不安全的; 不可靠的: * a shaky chair, table, wall 不安全的椅子、 桌子、 墙 * The tripod is too shaky. 这个叁角架太不稳了. * (fig 比喻) a shaky argument 站不住脚的论点 * The government is looking very shaky at the moment. 政府目前看来很不稳固. * My French is a bit shaky, ie I don't speak it very well. 我的法语不太好. > shakily[-ili;-ili] adv. shakiness n [U].

shale
[Feil; Fel] n [U] type of soft rock that splits easily into thin flat pieces 页岩. > shaly adj. 复合： `shale-oil n [U] oil extracted from shale 页岩油.

shall
[FEl; Fl strong form 强读式 FAl; FAl] modal v (esp Brit) (neg 否定式 shall not, contracted form 缩约式 shan't/Fa:nt; FAnt] ; pt should/Fud; Fud] , neg 否定式 should not, contracted form 缩约式 shouldn't[5Fudnt; 5Fudnt] ) 1 (indicating future predictions 表示预言): * We shan't know the results until next week. 我们下星期才能知道结果. * Shall we be there in time for tea? 咱们能及 时赶到那里吃下午茶点吗? * This time next week I shall be sitting on a beach in Greece. 下星期此时此刻我正坐在希腊海滨呢. * I said I should be glad to help. 我说过我很愿意帮忙. =>Usage 1 见所附用法第1项. 2 (fml 文) (indicating will or determination 表示意愿或决心): * I shall write to you again at the end of the month. 我月底给你再写一封信. * You shall have a new dress for your birthday. 你过生日一定得有件新连衣裙. * He insisted that the papers should be destroyed. 他坚持那些文件得销毁. * She was determined that we should finish on time. 她坚决要我们按时完成. 3 (indicating offers or suggestions 表示提供意见或建议): * Shall I (ie Would you like me to) do the washing-up? 我来洗餐具好吗? * What shall we do this weekend? 我们本周末干什麽呢? * Let's look at it again, shall we? 咱们再看一看好吗? =>Usage 3 见所附用法第3项. 4 (fml 文) (indicating orders or instructions 表示命令或指示): * Candidates shall remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. 试卷全部收回後应试人才可离开座位. * The lease stated that tenants should maintain the property in good condition. 租约规定承租人必须保持房产完好无损. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: 1 PREDICTIONS 预言 (shall, will1) (a) Shall is used with I or we to predict a future event *shall与I或we连用, 预示将要发生的事情: I shall be in touch with you again shortly. 我很快再和你联系. Will (when speaking usu contracted to 'll) is used with you, he, she, it, they as well as I and we, often in more informal contexts than shall *will（口语中通常缩略成'll）与I和we连用, 也与you、 he、 she、 it、 they连用, 与shall相比, 多用於口语或较随便的场合: She'll never finish in time. 她决不能按时完成.

shall1
* It'll be our first holiday for years. 这（将）是我们多年来的第一次假期. (b) In indirect speech, should and would (when speaking usu contracted to 'd) are used 在间接引语中用should和would（口语中通常缩略成'd）: I estimated that I should finish in ten days. 我估计我十天能完成. * Bill said he'd soon be back. 比尔说他很快就回来. 2 VOLITION 决定 (shall, will1) (a) Both shall and will can express determination. *shall和will均可用以表示决心. Shall is more formal, especially when used with pronouns other than I or we *shall词义较文, 与除I或we的其他代词连用时, 尤其来得庄重:He shall be given a fair trial. 他一定可以得到公平审判的. * You'll have your radio back on Tuesday. 星期二你就能取回收音机了. * We `will get the thing right!我们决心要把这件事弄对! (b) Should and would are used in clauses after be certain, be determined, insist, etc *should和would用於从句中的be certain、 be determined、 insist等词语之後: He insisted that we should make a fresh start. 他硬要我们重新开始. 3 SUGGESTIONS 建议 (shall, can2, could1) (a) Shall I and shall we are used to make suggestions *shall I和shall we可用以提出建议: Shall I drive? 我来开车好吗? * Shall we take our swim-suits? 我们带着游泳衣好不好? Can (often with of course and/or always) is also used for this purpose *can（常与of course和[或]always连用）也可用以提出建议: We can always come back tomorrow if you prefer. 只要你愿意的话, 我们反正明天还可以回来. Could is used to make more tentative suggestions *could可用以提出较试探性的建议: You could try pushing the car. 你不妨推推这辆汽车试试看. * Couldn't we ask a policeman? 我们问问警察行吗? (b) Any of these verbs can be used to ask for suggestions 这些动词均可用以徵询意见: Where shall we go now? 我们现在上哪儿去? * Can we perhaps try another route? 我们是不是可以另试试别的路线?

shall2
* How could we make them listen? 我们怎样才能让他们听呢?

shallot
[FE'lCt; FE'lat] n type of onion that grows as a cluster of small bulbs 青葱.

shallow
[5FAlEu; 5FAlo] adj (-er, -est) 1 not deep 浅的: * shallow water 浅水 * a shallow saucer, dish, bowl, etc 浅的茶托、 碟子、 盆等 * the shallow end, eg of a swimming-pool 水浅的一端（如游泳池的） * shallow breathing 浅呼吸. 2 (derog 贬) (of a person) not thinking or capable of thinking seriously; (of ideas, remarks, etc) not showing serious thought （指人）肤浅的, 浅薄的; （指思想言语等）肤浅的, 浅显的: * a shallow writer, argument, conversation, book 浅薄的作家、 议论、 交谈、 书. Cf 参看 deep1. 派生： shallow v [I] become shallow 变浅. shallowly adv. shallowness n [U]. shallows n [pl] shallow place in a river or in the sea （河或海的）浅水处.

sham
[FAm; FAm] v (-mm-) [I, Tn] pretend (sth); feign 装作（某事物）; 假装: * He's only shamming. 他只是假装而已. * sham illness, death, sleep 装病、 装死、 装睡 * sham dead, ie pretend to be dead 装死. 派生： sham n (usu derog 通常作贬义) 1 [C] (a) person who pretends to be what he is not 装成与自己实际情况不符的人: She claims to know all about computers but really she's a sham. 她自称精通计算机, 其实她是假充内行. (b) (usu sing 通常作单数) thing, feeling, etc that is not what sb pretends that it is 装出的事物、 感情等: His love was a sham; he only wanted her money. 他爱她是假的, 他只想要她的钱. * Their marriage had become a complete sham. 他们的婚姻关系已虚有其表. 2 [U] pretence 假装: What he says is all sham. 他说的都是假的. sham adj [attrib 作定语] (usu derog 通常作贬义) pretended; not genuine 假装的; 假的: sham piety, sympathy, anger, etc 假虔诚、 同情、 生气等 * sham jewellery 假珠宝.

shamble
[5FAmbl; 5FAmbl] v [I, Ipr, Ip] walk or run awkwardly, without raising one's feet properly 笨拙地走或跑（拖着脚）: * a shambling gait 蹒跚的脚步 * The old tramp shambled up to me. 那个老流浪者拖着脚向我走来. * The hungry marchers shambled slowly along (the road). 行军的人饿得步履蹒跚在路上慢慢走着. => Usage at shuffle 用法见shuffle. 派生： shamble n [sing] shambling walk 拖着脚走的步态.

shambolic
[FAm'bClik; FAm'balik] adj (Brit infml joc 口, 谑) disorganized; chaotic 凌乱的; 混乱的.

shame
[Feim; Fem] n 1 [U] painful feeling caused by wrong, dishonourable, improper or ridiculous behaviour (by oneself, one's family, etc) 羞耻; 羞愧; 惭愧: * feel shame at having told a lie 说谎後感到羞愧 * hang one's head in shame 惭愧得低下了头 * To my shame (ie I feel shame that) I never thanked him for his kindness. 我感到惭愧的是对他的好意我从未表示过感谢. 2 [U] ability to feel shame 羞愧感: * How could you do such a thing? Have you no shame? 你怎麽竟然做出这种事? 你难道不知羞耻吗? * She is completely without shame. 她恬不知耻. 3 [U] dishonour 耻辱: * bring shame on sb/oneself, eg by doing sth wrong or unworthy 使某人[自己]丢脸 * How can we make people forget the family's shame? 我们怎麽能让人忘记这一家庭耻辱呢? 4 a shame [sing] (derog infml 贬, 口) (a) person or thing that causes shame or is unworthy 可耻的人或事物: * It's a shame to take money from those who can't afford it. 拿别人的钱使人家无以自立是十分可耻的. (b) thing that is regrettable; a pity 遗憾的事; 可惜: * What a shame you didn't win.你没赢, 真遗憾. * Isn't it a shame that the rain spoiled our picnic? 这场雨把我们的野餐给搅了, 可惜不可惜? 5 (idm 习语) put sb/sth to `shame be greatly superior to sb/sth 大大优越於某人[某事物]: * Your beautiful handwriting puts my untidy scrawl to shame. 你漂亮的字体把我的潦草字迹比得见不得人. `shame on you you should feel shame (about what you have done or said) 你（对做的事或说的话）应该感到羞耻: * How could you treat her so badly? Shame on you! 你怎麽能待她那麽坏? 真可耻! 派生： shame v 1 [Tn] (a) cause (sb) to feel shame(1) 使（某人）感到羞愧: He was shamed by how much more work the others had done. 别人做得多得多, 他感到很难为情. (b) bring shame(3) upon (sb); dishonour 给（某人）带来耻辱; 使丢脸: You've shamed your family. 你给你们家丢脸了.

shame1
* It's quite shaming that our society cares so little for the poor. 我们这个社会对穷人很不关心, 是很难堪的事. 2 (phr v) shame sb into/out of doing sth cause sb to do/not to do sth by making him feel shame 使某人感到惭愧而做[不做]某事: shame sb into apologizing 使某人惭愧得赔礼道歉. shameful[-fl; -fEl] adj causing shame; disgraceful 可耻的; 丢脸的: * shameful conduct, deceit, etc 可耻的行为、 骗局等. shamefully[-fEli; -fli] adv. shamefulness n [U]. shameless adj (derog 贬) having or showing no feeling of shame; immodest or impudent 无羞耻感的; 无耻的; 不要脸的: a shameless hussy 不知羞耻的荡妇 * a shameless cheat, liar, etc 无耻的骗子、 说谎的人等 * She's quite shameless about wearing sexy clothes at work. 她穿着性感的衣服上班而不觉羞耻. shamelessly adv. shamelessness n [U]. 复合： shamefaced[7Feim'feist; 5Fem7fest] adj showing feelings of shame 羞愧的; 羞怯的: * a ,shame-faced ex`pression, a`pology, `culprit 感到惭愧的表情、 致歉、 罪犯. shamefacedly[-'feistli; -'festli] adv.

shammy
[5FAmi; 5FAmi] n [U, C] (also shammy leather) (infml 口) = chamois-leather (chamois).

shampoo
[FAm'pu:; FAm'pu] n (pl ~s) 1 [C, U] (a) (type of) soapy liquid, cream, etc for washing the hair 洗发剂; 洗发液; 洗发膏: * a new perfumed shampoo 新出的香型洗发液 * Don't use too much shampoo. 使用洗发剂不要过多. * dry shampoo, ie a powder brushed into the hair to clean it without wetting it 洗发粉（刷入头发中而不用水洗的粉剂）. (b) (type of) liquid or chemical for cleaning carpets, upholstery, etc or for washing a car （清洗地毯、 室内饰物、 汽车等的）洗涤剂. 2 [C] (a) act of washing the hair 洗发: * give sb a shampoo 给某人洗头发 * a shampoo and set 洗头发并做头发. (b) act of cleaning a carpet, etc 清洗地毯等. 派生： shampoo v (pt, pp -pooed, pres p -pooing) [Tn] wash (hair, carpets, upholstery, etc) 洗（毛发、 地毯、 室内饰物等）.

shamrock
[5FAmrCk; 5FAmrak] n [C, U] clover-like plant with three leaves on each stem, the nationalemblem of Ireland 白花酢浆草（爱尔兰的国花）: * wearingsome shamrock on his lapel 他西装翻领上戴着白花酢浆草.

shan't
contracted form of shall not (shall) *shall not 的缩约式（参看shall）.

shandy
[5FAndi; 5FAndi] n (Brit) (a) [U] drink made by mixing beer with ginger-beer or lemonade 啤酒与姜汁汽水或其他汽水混合而成的饮料. (b) [C] glass of this 一杯啤酒与姜汁汽水或其他汽水混合而成的饮料: * Two lemonade shandies, please. 请来两杯啤酒与汽水混合的饮料.

shanghai
[FAN'hai; FAN'hai] v (pt, pp -haied[-'haid; -haid] , pres p -haiing[-'haiiN; -haiiN] ) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (into doing sth) (infml 口) trick or force sb into doing sth 诱骗或强迫某人做某事: * tourists shanghaied into buying expensive fakes 被诱骗买昂贵假货的游客.2 [Tn] (sl 俚) (formerly) make (a man) unconscious with drink or drugs and take him away to be a sailor （旧时）用酒或麻醉剂使（男子）失去知觉後将其掳走当水手.

shank
[FANk; FANk] n 1 straight slender part of an implement, etc; shaft 工具等的长柄; : * the shank of an anchor, a key, a golf-club 锚 、 钥匙柄、 高尔夫球棒的 . 2 (usu pl 通常作复数) (often joc or derog 常作戏谑语或作贬义) leg, esp the part between the knee and the ankle 腿; （尤指）小腿: * long thin shanks 细长的腿. 3 (idm 习语) on Shanks's `pony/`mare (dated infml joc 旧, 口, 谑) on foot (not by car, etc) 步行; 徒步: * If you won't drive me, I'll have to get there on Shanks's pony. 要是你不开车送我去, 那我就只好走着去了.

shantung
[FAn'tQN; FAn'tQN] n [U] type of heavy silk material, usu undyed 茧绸（通常未染色）; 山东绸.

shanty
1[5FAnti; 5FAnti] n poorly-built hut, shed or cabin; shack 简陋的棚、 舍或小屋. 复合： `shanty town area inside or just outside a town, where poor people live in shanties （城镇中或近郊的）贫民窟.

shape
1[Feip; Fep] n 1 [C, U] outer form or appearance; outline of an area, a figure, etc 外形; 形状; 样子: * clouds of different shapes in the sky 天空中各种形状的云彩 * a garden in the shape of a semicircle 半圆形的花园 * trees in all shapes and sizes 大大小小形状各异的树 * the odd shape of his nose 他那鼻子的怪模样 * a dress that hasn't got much shape 外形欠佳的连衣裙 * The picture is round in shape. 这幅画是圆形的. * (fig 比喻) He's a devil in human shape. 他是披着人皮的魔鬼. 2 [C] thing that is difficult to see properly; vague form 模糊的东西; 朦胧的形状: * I made out two dim shapes in the gloom. 我在朦胧中看出有两个模糊的影子. * A huge shape loomed up out of the fog. 在雾中隐约出现一个巨大的影像. 3 [U] (infml 口) condition; state 情况; 状态: * She's in good shape (ie fit) after months of training. 她经过几个月训练身体好了. * What shape is the team in after its defeat? 这个队失败後情况如何? * The illness has left him in rather poor shape. 他经过这场大病已形容枯槁. 4 (a) C] mould, etc in which sth, eg jelly, is given a particular form 模; 模子. (b) [C, U] jelly, etc shaped in such a mould 模制的果子冻等: * Have some more shape. 再吃点果子冻. 5 (idm 习语) get (oneself) into `shape take exercise, etc in order to become fit 为健美而进行锻炼等: * I've been jogging a lot to get myself into shape. 我长期慢跑锻炼身体. get/knock/lick sth/sbinto `shape get sth/sb into an orderly state; arrange sth/sb properly 使某事物[某人]有条理; 恰当地安排某事物[某人]: * We need a new manager to get the business into shape. 我们需要有个新经理来把业务安排妥当. * A sergeant soon knocks new recruits into shape. 中士很快就把新兵训练得规规矩矩. give shape to sth express sth clearly 清晰地表达某事: * I'm having trouble giving shape to my ideas in this essay. 我在这篇文章中表达不清自己的想法. in `any shape (or form) (infml 口) in whatever form sth appears or is presented 某事物的任何形式:

shape1
* I don't drink alcohol in any shape or form. 我什麽酒都不喝. in `shape fit 健康: * You'll never be in shape until you eat less and take more exercise. 只有少吃多锻炼才能健美. in the shape/form of sb/sth (infml 口) appearing specifically as sb/sth 以某人[某事物]的形式: * Help arrived in the shape of our next-door neighbours. 来帮助我们的是隔壁的邻居. * I received a nasty surprise in the shape of a letter from the taxman. 我收到税务局的来信, 把我吓得六神无主. out of `shape (a) not having the usual shape 变形; 走样: * The children have been playing with my hat they've knocked it out of shape. 孩子们一直玩着我的帽子--把它弄得不成样子了. (b) unfit 不健康: * Take exercise if you're out of shape. 身体不好就要锻炼. press sth into shape => press2. the ,shape of ,things to `come sign that shows how the future is likely to develop 未来事物可能呈现的状况. take `shape take on a definite form; become more organized 成形; 变得更有条理: * The plan is beginning to take shape in my mind. 这个计画在我脑子里逐渐有了眉目. * After months of work, the new book is gradually taking shape. 经过多月的努力, 这本新书渐渐像个样子了. 派生： shapeless adj having no definite shape; not elegant in shape 无定形的; 形状不雅致的: The book is rather shapeless. 这本书不太像样子. * a shapeless mass, form, dress 不成形的一堆、 不雅观的形态、 不成样式的连衣裙. shapelessly adv. shapelessness n [U].

shapely
[5Feipli; 5Fepli] adj (-ier, -iest) (approv 褒) (esp of a woman's body) having an attractive shape; well formed （尤指女子的身材）漂亮的, 匀称的: * a shapely bosom 线条优美的胸部 * shapely legs 匀称的腿. > shapeliness n [U].

shard
[Fa:d; Fard] (also sherd/FE:d; FEd] ) n broken piece of pottery, glass, etc （陶器、 玻璃等的）碎片. Cf 参看 potsherd.

share
1[FeE(r); Fer] n 1 [C] ~ (in/of sth) part or portion of a larger amount which is divided among several or many people, or to which several or many people contribute （分享到的或贡献出的）一份: * a fair share of the food 应得的一份食物 * the robber's share of the stolen money 劫匪的一份赃款 * Your share of the cost is 10. 你这一份费用是10英镑. * Everyone who helped gets a share in the profits. 凡是帮过忙的就得到一份利润. 2 [U, sing] ~ (in/of sth) person's part in sth done, received, etc by several people （参与、 得到等的）份儿: * What share did he have in their success? 在他们的成绩中他有何贡献? * She must take her share of the blame, ie accept that she was partly responsible. 她必须承担事故的部分责任. * You're not taking much share in the conversation, ie you're saying little. 在交谈中你没怎麽说话. 3 [C] any of the equal parts into which the capital of a business company is divided, giving the holder a right to a portion of the profits 股; 股份: * stocks and shares 股份 * buy/hold 500 shares in a shipping company 购买[持有]某航运公司的500股股份 * 2 shares are now worth 2.75. 2英镑的股份现值2.75英镑. * [attrib 作定语] share capital, dealing, prices 股本、 股票交易、 股票价格 * a share certificate 股票. 4 (idm 习语) get, etc a/one's fair share of sth => fair1. get, etc a slice/share of the cake => cake. go `shares (with sb) (in sth) (Brit infml 口) share (profits, costs, etc) equally with others 与他人分享（利润）或分摊（费用）: * Let me go shares with you in the taxi fare. 我和你分摊计程车费吧. the lion's share => lion. 派生： share v 1 (a) [Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (out) (among/between sb) give a share of sth to others 将某物平均分配: share 100 equally between five people, ie by giving them 20 each 把100英镑平分给五个人（每人得20英镑）

share1
* share the sweets among the children 把糖分给孩子们 * The profits are shared (out) equally among the partners. 合伙人均分利润. (b) [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (with sb) have a share of (sth) with another or others 与别人分享（某物）: Let's share (the last cake); you have half and I'll have half. 咱们分了（最後这块蛋糕）吧, 你一半我一半. * He would share his last pound with me. 他要是剩下最後一镑也会和我分着用. 2 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (with sb) have or use (sth) with others; have (sth) in common 与别人共有或合用（某物）; 在（某方面）有共同之处: There's only one bedroom, so we'll have to share. 只有一个卧室, 所以我们得合着用. * share a bed, room, house, etc 合用一张床、 一个房间、 一所房子等 * share sb's belief, faith, optimism, etc 与某人有共同的信仰、 信念、 乐观态度等 * He shares my fears about a possible war. 他和我一样害怕有可能发生战争. * We both share the credit for (ie were both responsible for) this success. 做成这件事我们俩都有功劳. * Will you share your pen with me? 我能与你合用你的笔吗? 3 [Ipr, Tn] ~ (in) sth have a share in sth; participate in sth 分摊或分享某事物; 参与某事物: I will share (in) the cost with you. 我愿与你分摊费用. * She shares (in) my troubles as well as my joys. 她与我同甘共苦. 4 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sb) tell sb about sth 将某事告诉某人: She won't share her secret (with us). 她不肯把她的秘密告诉我们. * I want to share my news with you. 我想把我得到的消息告诉你. 5 (idm 习语) share and share a`like (saying 谚) share things equally 事事均分: Don't be so selfish it's share and share alike in this house. 别这麽自私--在这所房子里要事事均分. 复合： `share-cropper n (esp US) tenant farmer who gives part of his crop as rent to the owner of the land 佃农. `shareholder n owner of shares in a business company 股东.

share2
`share index number used to show the current value of shares on the stock market, based on the prices of a selected number of shares 股票指数: The Financial Times share index went up five points yesterday. 《金融时报》的股票指数昨天上升了五点. `share-out n [sing] distribution 分配; 分摊: After the robbery the crooks had a share-out (of the stolen money). 歹徒们打劫後把赃款分掉了.

shark
[Fa:k; Fark] n 1 any of various types of sea-fish with a triangular fin on its back, some of which are large and dangerous to bathers 鲨鱼. 2 (infml derog 口, 贬) person who extorts money from others or lends money at very high interest rates; swindler 敲诈勒索的人; 放高利贷的人; 骗子. 复合： `shark-skin n [U] textile fabric with a smooth, slightly shiny surface, used for outer clothing 雪克斯金细呢, 鲨皮布（表面光滑发亮、 用作面料的织物）: [attrib 作定语] a shark-skin jacket, suit, etc 鲨皮布外衣、 套装等.

sharp
[Fa:p; Farp] adj (-er, -est) 1 having a fine edge or point; capable of cutting or piercing; not blunt 锋利的; 尖锐的: * a sharp knife, pin, needle, etc 锋利的刀、 尖的大头针、 尖的针 * The shears aren't sharp enough to cut the grass. 这把大剪刀不够快, 剪不动草. 2 (a) (of curves, bends, slopes, etc) changing direction suddenly; abrupt （指曲线、 弯、 斜坡等）急转的, 陡峭的: * a sharp bend in the road 路上的急转弯 * a sharp turn to the left 向左的急转. (b) [usu attrib 通常作定语] sudden; abrupt 突然的; 急剧的: * a sharp drop in prices 价格的暴跌 * a sharp rise in crime 犯罪率的急剧上升. 3 well-defined; distinct; clear 轮廓鲜明的; 明显的; 清晰的: * a sharp outline 清晰的轮廓 * a sharp photographic image, ie one with clear contrasts between areas of light and shade 反差大的影像 * in sharp focus 锐聚焦 * The TV picture isn't very sharp. 电视图像不太清晰. * There is a sharp contrast between the lives of the poorest and the richest members of society. 社会上贫富悬殊. 4 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of sounds) shrill; piercing （指声音）尖锐的, 刺耳的: * a sharp cry of distress 痛苦的尖叫声 * the sharp raucous cawing of a crow 乌鸦的粗哑而刺耳的叫声. 5 (of tastes or smells) producing a smarting sensation; pungent （指味道或气味）强烈的, 辛辣的, 刺鼻的: * the sharp taste of lemon juice 柠檬汁的强烈酸味 * the sharp smell of the acid 酸的刺鼻气味 * The cheese is a little too sharp for me, ie tastes too strong. 我觉得这乾酪味道太重了点. 6 producing a physical sensation of cutting or piercing; keen 刺骨的; 凛冽的; 剧烈的: * a sharp frost/wind 严寒的霜[风] * a sharp pain in the back 背部的剧痛. 7 quickly aware of things; acute; alert 灵敏的; 敏锐的; 机警的: * sharp eyes, ears, reflexes 灵敏的眼睛、 耳朵、 反应 * a sharp person, mind, intelligence 机灵的人、 敏锐的头脑、 机智

sharp1
* a sharp sense of smell 敏锐的嗅觉 * keep a sharp look-out 严密警戒 * It was very sharp of you to notice that detail straight away. 你真机灵, 一下子就注意到这一细节. 8 ~ (with sb) (derog 贬) intended or intending to criticize, injure, etc; harsh; severe 蓄意批评、 中伤等的; 尖刻的; 严厉的: * a sharp criticism, rebuke, remark, etc 尖锐的批评、 严厉的指责、 刻薄的言语 * She was very sharp with me (ie rebuked me) when I forgot my book. 我忘带书了, 她把我训斥了一顿. * He has a sharp tongue, ie often speaks harshly or angrily. 他说话尖酸刻薄. 9 [usu attrib 通常作定语] quick; brisk; vigorous 迅速的; 敏捷的; 活跃的: * a sharp struggle, contest, etc 激烈的斗争、 竞赛等 * sharp competition for the job 为获得这一工作而产生的剧烈竞争 * That was sharp work, ie It was done quickly or energetically. 这件工作干得很利索. 10 (often derog 常作贬义) quick to take advantage of sb/sth; unscrupulous 过分精明的; 狡猾的; 不择手段的: * a sharp lawyer, accountant, etc 精明的律师、 会计等 * She was too sharp for me, ie outwitted me. 她太精明（我斗不过她）. 11 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (infml 口) (too) smart or stylish （过分）时髦的, 漂亮的: * a gambler in a sharp suit 衣着入时的赌徒 * be a very sharp dresser 是个衣着漂亮的人. 12 (music 音) (a) (of a sound, an instrument, etc) above the normal or correct pitch （指声音、 乐器的音调等）偏高的: * That note sounded sharp. 那个音调听起来偏高. (b) (usu following ns 通常用於名词之後) (of notes) raised half a tone in pitch （指音符）升半音的: * in the key of C sharp minor 用升C小调. =>illus at music 见music插图. Cf 参看 flat2 10. 13 (idm 习语) look `sharp be brisk; hurry 赶紧; 赶快: * You'd better look sharp or you'll be late. 你得赶快, 不然就晚了. (as) sharp as a needle very intelligent and quick-witted 非常聪敏的. sharp `practice business dealings that are not entirely honest 不够诚实的交易手段.

sharp2
派生： sharp n (symb 符号为 #) (music 音) (symbol used to indicate a) sharp note 升半音; 升半音号: a difficult piano piece full of sharps and flats 有很多升半音、 降半音难度很大的钢琴曲. Cf 参看 flat4 4, natural6. sharp adv 1 (infml 口) punctually 准时地: Please be here at seven (o'clock) sharp. 请七点整到这里. 2 (infml 口) suddenly; abruptly 突然地; 急剧地: stopped sharp 突然停住 * turn sharp left 向左急转. 3 (music 音) above the correct pitch 偏高: sing sharp 唱得偏高. sharpen[5Fa:pEn; 5FarpEn] v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become sharp （使某物）锋利, 尖锐, 陡峭, 清晰, 强烈: * The tone of his letters has sharpened (ie become less friendly) recently. 他最近来信的口气变得刻薄起来. * sharpen a pencil 削铅笔 * This knife needs sharpening. 这把刀要磨一下. * This incident has sharpened public awareness of the economic crisis. 这件事提高了公众对经济危机的认识. * sharpen sb's wits, ie make sb more mentally alert 使某人更机智. sharpener[5Fa:pnE(r);'FarpEnl] n (usu in compounds 通常用以构成复合词) device that sharpens 磨具; 削具: * a `pencil-sharpener * a `knife-sharpener. `sharper (also `card-sharper) n swindler, esp one who makes a living by cheating at cards 骗子（尤指以赌纸牌行骗为生者）. sharpish adj rather sharp 相当尖锐的; 相当敏锐的. adv (infml 口) quickly; briskly 迅速地; 敏捷地. sharply adv 1 in a sharp way 尖锐地; 急剧地: sharply pointed 尖尖的 * The road bends sharply. 这条路的弯转得很急. * prices dropping sharply 暴跌的价格 * sharply contrasted styles 迥然不同的风格 * speak sharply to sb 斥责某人. 2 (idm 习语) bring/pull sb up short/sharply => short2. sharp3 /// `sharpshooter n person who is skilled at shooting with a gun, etc 神射手; 神枪手. ,sharp-`sighted adj having good eyesight 眼快的; 目光敏锐的. ,sharp-`witted adj able to think quickly; alert 思维敏捷的; 机智的: She was sharp-witted enough to dodge her attacker. 她才思敏捷足以避开别人的攻击.

shat
pt, pp of shit.

shatter
[5FAtE(r); 5FAtl] v 1 I, Tn] (cause sth to) break suddenly and violently into small pieces （使某物）突然而剧烈地裂成碎片, 粉碎: * The pot shattered as it hit the floor. 罐子掉在地板上摔了个粉碎. * The explosion shattered all the windows. 这次爆炸把所有窗户都震碎了. * (fig 比喻) What an ear-shattering noise! 这声音能把耳朵震聋! 2 [Tn] (infml 口) destroy (sth) completely 粉碎（某事物）: * shatter sb's hopes 使某人的希望破灭 * This event shattered all my previous ideas. 这件事把我以前所有的想法都摧毁了. 3 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (infml 口) disturb the calmness of (sb); shock 扰乱（某人）的心境; 使震骇: * We were shattered by the news. 这一消息震动了我们. 4 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (Brit infml 口) exhaust (sb) completely 使（某人）筋疲力尽: * We were totally shattered after the long journey. 我们经过长途旅行都已精疲力竭. 派生： shattering[5FAtEriN; 5FAtEriN] adj very disturbing; shocking 令人极度不安的; 令人震惊的: * a shattering experience 令人恐慌的事 * The news was shattering. 这个消息令人震惊. 复合： `shatterproof adj designed not to shatter 防碎的: shatterproof glass for car windscreens 用作汽车挡风玻璃的防碎玻璃.

shave
[Feiv; Fev] v 1 [I, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (off sth/off) cut (hair) off the face, etc with a razor; cut hair off the face, etc of (sb) in this way （用剃刀）刮（胡须等）; 为（某人）剃毛发: * I shave every morning. 我每天早上刮脸. * The nurse washed and shaved the patient. 护士给病人清洗皮肤、 刮去毛发. * Buddhist priests shave their heads. 和尚都剃光头. * She sometimes shaves the hair off her legs. 她有时剃腿上的寒毛. * Why don't you shave your beard off? 你怎麽不把胡子刮掉? 2 [Tn] cut or scrape thin slices from the surface of (wood, etc) 刨（木头等）; 削; 刮. => Usage at clip2 用法见clip2. 3 [Tn] (infml 口) pass very close to (sb/sth), or touch (sb/sth) slightly in passing 掠过, 擦过（某人[某物]）: * The bus just shaved me by an inch. 那辆公共汽车从我身边掠过, 离我只有一英寸. * The ball narrowly shaved his off stump. 那个球紧贴着他的叁柱门的外柱掠过. * The lorry shaved the barrier, scraping its side. 那辆卡车掠过路障, 刮坏了车身. 4 (phr v) shave sth off (sth) remove (a thin layer) from the surface of sth by cutting or scraping 从某物表面削去或刮掉（薄薄的一层）: * shave a millimetre (of wood) off the block 把木块刨去一毫米. 派生： shave n 1 act of shaving 剃; 刮: A sharp razor gives a close shave. 剃刀锋利刮得就乾净. * Have a shave before you go out. 把胡子刮刮再出门. 2 (idm 习语) a close shave => close1. shaven[5Feivn; 5FevEn] adj shaved 剃过的; 刮过的:,clean-`shaven 剃得乾净的 * Their heads were shaven. 他们的头都剃了. =>Usage at prove 用法见prove. shaver n 1 (also electric razor) razor with an electric motor, operated from the mains or by a battery 电动剃刀. 2 (dated infml 旧, 口) lad; youngster 小伙子; 年轻人: You cheeky young shaver! 你这个毛头小伙子! shavings n [pl] thin pieces of wood shaved off, esp with a plane 薄木屑; （尤指）刨花: The floor of the carpenter's shop was covered with shavings. 木匠店的地板上满是刨花. =>illus at plane 见plane插图.

shave1
复合： `shaving-brush n brush for spreading lather over the face, etc before shaving 胡刷. `shaving-cream, `shaving-foam ns cream or foam spread over the face, etc before shaving 剃须膏. `shaving-stick n cylindrical piece of soap for making lather to be used for shaving 剃须皂条.

shawl
[FC:l; FCl] n large (usu square or oblong) piece of material worn round the shoulders or head of a woman, or wrapped round a baby （女用）披肩, 围巾; 襁褓.

she
[Fi:; Fi] 见词条使用详细说明6.2、 6.3. pers pron 人称代词 (used as the subject of a v 用作动词的主体) female person or animal mentioned earlier or being observed now 她; （指雌性动物）它: * My sister's very strong she can swim 5 miles. 我姐姐身体很棒--她能游5英里. * Doesn't she (ie the woman we are looking at) look like her mother? 她长得是不是很像她母亲? * Do you remember our cat? She had kittens last week. 你还记得我们那只猫吗? 上星期生小猫了. Cf 参看 her1. =>Usage at he 用法见he. 派生： she n [sing] female animal 雌性动物: We didn't know it was a she until it had puppies. 我们原来不知道这条狗是母的, 後来这狗下了小狗才知道. she- (forming compound ns 用以构成复合名词) female雌的: a `she-goat 母山羊.

she'd
[Fi:d; Fid] contracted form 缩约式 1 she had => have. 2 she would => will1, would1.

she'll
[Fi:l; Fil] contracted form 缩约式 she will => will1.

she's
[Fi:z; Fiz] contracted form 缩约式 1 she is =>be. 2 she has =>have.

sheaf
[Fi:f; Fif] n (pl sheaves/Fi:vz; Fivz] ) 1 bundle of stalks of corn, barley, etc tied together after reaping （谷物等收割後的）束, 捆. 2 bundle of papers, etc laid lengthwise and often tied together （文件等的）束, 扎.

shear
[FiE(r); Fir] v (pt ~ed, pp shorn/FC:n; FCrn] or ~ed) 1 [Tn] cut the wool off (a sheep) with shears 剪 （羊）的毛: * sheep shearing time 剪羊毛的时节. 2 [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (off) (cause sth to) become twisted or break under pressure （使某物）弯曲或折断: * The bolt sheared (off) and the wheel came off. 螺栓折了, 轮子脱了出来. * The bar fell into the machinery and sheared a connecting-rod. 那根棒掉进机器里把连 给打弯了. 3 (phr v) be shorn of sth be stripped or deprived of sth 被剥夺或除去某物: * The room looked bare, shorn of its rich furnishings. 这个房间除去了豪华的家具以後, 看上去光秃秃的. * a deposed king shorn of his former power 被剥夺了权力遭废黜的国王. shear sth off (sb/sth) remove (fur, hair, etc) by cutting with shears 剪掉（毛发等）: * All her beautiful tresses have been sheared/shorn off. 她那长长的秀发都给剪掉了. 派生： shearer n person who shears sheep 剪羊毛的人.

sheath
[Fi:W; FiW] n (pl ~ s/Fi:Tz; FiTz] ) 1 (a) close-fitting cover for the blade of a weapon or tool 鞘; （工具的）套: * Put the dagger back in its sheath. 把短剑插回鞘内. =>illus at knife 见knife插图. (b) any similar covering 鞘状物: * the sheath round an electric cable 电缆的护皮 * the `wing-sheath of an insect 昆虫的鞘翅. 2 close-fitting (usu rubber) covering for wearing on the penis during intercourse as a contraceptive; condom （男用）避孕套, 保险套, 阴茎套: * a contraceptive sheath 避孕套. 3 woman's close-fitting dress （女用）紧身连衣裙: * [attrib 作定语] a sheath gown 紧身长袍. 复合： `sheath-knife n (pl -ves) knife with a fixed blade that fits in a sheath 有鞘的刀. =>illus at knife 见knife插图.

sheathe
[Fi:T; FiT] v 1 [Tn] (fml 文) put (sth) into a sheath 将（某物）插入鞘或套中: * He sheathed his sword. 他把剑插进鞘里. 2 [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: * Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in/with sth) put a protective covering or casing on sth 给某物加上保护套: * electric wire sheathed with plastic 有塑料护皮的电线. 派生： sheathing n [U, C] protective covering or casing, eg on parts of a building 盖板, 望板（如建 物的）.

sheaves
pl of sheaf.

shebang
[Fi'bAN; FE'bAN] n (idm 习语) the whole shebang => whole.

shebeen
[Fi'bi:n; Fi'bin] n place selling alcoholic liquor illegally, esp in Ireland and Africa 非法卖酒的地方（尤指在爱尔兰和非洲的）.

shed
1[Fed; Fed] n (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) one-storey building used for storing things, sheltering animals, vehicles, etc or as a workshop （用以储物、 关牲口、 停车辆等或作车间的）平房, 棚: * a `tool-shed 工具房 * a `wood-shed 柴房 * a `coal-shed 煤库 * a `cattle-shed 牲口棚 * an `engine-shed 机车库 * a `bicycle-shed 自行车棚. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page vii. Cf 参看 hut.

sheen
[Fi:n; Fin] n [U] gleaming brightness; shiny quality 光辉; 光彩; 光泽: * the sheen of silk 丝绸的光泽 * hair with a glossy golden sheen 金灿灿的毛发.

sheep
[Fi:p; Fip] n (pl unchanged 复数不变) 1 grass-eating animal with a thick fleecy coat, kept in flocks for its flesh as food and for its wool 羊; 绵羊. Cf 参看 ewe, lamb1, ram1, black sheep (black1). 2 (idm 习语) like `sheep too easily influenced or led by others 易受他人影响; 易受他人左右. make `sheep's eyes at sb (infml 口) look at sb in a loving but foolish way 傻乎乎地向某人送秋波. one may/might as well be hanged/hung for a sheep as a lamb => hang1. separate the sheep from the goats =>separate2.a wolf in sheep's clothing => wolf. 复合： `sheep-dip n [U, C] (liquid used in a) bath in which sheep are immersed to kill the insects, etc in their wool 羊消毒浴（液）. `sheep-dog n dog trained to guard and herd sheep; dog of a breed suitable for this 牧羊犬: [attrib 作定语] sheep-dog trials, ie contests for trained sheep-dogs 牧羊犬比赛. `sheep-fold n enclosure for sheep 羊栏; 羊圈. `sheepskin n 1 [C] (a) rug consisting of a sheep's skin with the wool on it 羊皮毯（一只羊的整张毛皮）. (b) garment made of two or more such skins 羊皮袄. 2 [U] leather or parchment made from the skin of sheep 绵羊皮革; 羊皮纸. 3 [C] (US joc 谑) diploma 毕业证书.

sheepish
[5Fi:piF; FipiF] adj (feeling) foolish and embarrassed through shame 羞怯的; 局促不安的:a sheepish smile, grin, look, expression, etc 腆的微笑、 粲然一笑、 样子、 表情等. > sheepishly adv. sheepishness n [U].

sheer
1[FiE(r); Fir] adj 1 [attrib 作定语] complete; thorough; utter 完全的; 彻底的; 十足的: * sheer nonsense 一派胡言 * a sheer waste of time 纯粹浪费时间 * by sheer chance 完全出於偶然地. 2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of textiles, etc) thin, light and almost transparent （指织物等）薄的、 轻的、 几乎透明的: * sheer nylon 薄而透明的尼龙. 3 almost vertical; very steep 近乎垂直的; 陡峭的: * a sheer rock, cliff, etc 陡峭的 岩、 悬崖等 * a sheer drop of 50 feet 50英尺垂直降落. 派生： sheer adv straight up or down 垂直地; 陡峭地: a cliff that rises sheer from the beach 矗立於海滩上的悬崖 * The ground dropped away sheer at our feet. 我们眼前的地面垂直地陷落下去.

sheet
1[Fi:t; Fit] n 1 large rectangular piece of cotton, linen, etc, usu used in pairs between which a person sleeps 被单; 褥单; 床单: * put clean sheets on the bed 把乾净的被单铺在床上. 2 (a) broad thin piece of any material 薄板; 薄片: * a sheet of glass, tin, copper, paper 一块玻璃、 一块镀锡铁皮、 一块铜片、 一张纸 * [attrib 作定语] sheet metal, copper, tin, etc, ie rolled or hammered into thin sheets 金属薄板、 薄铜板、 镀锡铁皮. (b) piece of paper for writing or printing on, usu in a standard size （书写或打印用的）纸（通常指大小有一定规格的）: * two sheets of A4 两张A4的纸 * put a fresh sheet in the typewriter 把一张纸放进打字机中. 3 wide expanse (of water, ice, snow, flame, etc) （水、 冰、 雪、 火等的）一片: * (infml 口) The rain came down in sheets, ie very heavily. 大雨滂沱. * After the heavy frost the road was a sheet of ice. 浓霜过後, 路面结了一层冰. 4 (idm 习语) a clean sheet/slate => clean1. white as a sheet => white1. 派生： sheeting n [U] material used for making sheets (sheet1 1) 用作被单、 褥单或床单等的料子. 复合： `sheet lightning lightning that appears as a broad expanse of light in the sky 片状闪电. `sheet music music published on separate sheets and not bound in a book 活页乐谱.

sheikh
(also sheik)[Feik; - Fi:k; Fik] n 1 Arab chief; head of an Arab village, tribe, etc （阿拉伯的）酋长; （阿拉伯村庄、 部落等的）首领. 2 Muslim religious leader （伊斯兰教的）教长. 派生： sheikhdom (also sheikdom)[-dEm; -dEm] n area of land ruled by a sheikh 酋长统辖的领土; 酋长国.

sheila
[5Fi:lE; 5FilE] n (Austral or NZ sl 澳或新西兰, 俚) girl or young woman 少女; 少妇.

shekel
[5Fekl; 5Fekl] n 1 [C] (a) ancient silver coin used by the Jews 谢克尔（古时犹太人用的银币）. (b) unit of money in Israel 新谢克尔（以色列的货币单位）. 2 shekels [pl] (infml joc 口, 谑) money 钱: * She's raking in the shekels (ie earning a lot of money) in her new job. 她做这份新工作可捞着钱了.

sheldrake
[5Feldreik; 5Fel7drek] n (pl shelduck[5FeldQk;'Fel7dQk] ) type of wild duck with brightly coloured feathers that lives in coastal areas 翘鼻麻鸭.

shelduck
[5FeldQk; 5Fel7dQk] n (pl unchanged 复数不变) female sheldrake （雌的）翘鼻麻鸭.

shelf
[Felf; Felf] n (pl shelves/Felvz; Felvz] ) 1 flat rectangular piece of wood, metal, glass or other material fastened horizontally to a wall or in a cupboard, bookcase, etc for things to be placed on （柜橱、 书架等的）搁架, 搁板: * put up a shelf 搭搁板 * a shelf full of crockery 摆满了陶器的架子 * a `bookshelf 书架. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xvi. 2 thing resembling a shelf, esp a piece of rock projecting from a cliff, etc or from the edge of a mass of land under the sea 搁板状物; （尤指）悬崖等上突出的岩石, 大陆架: * the continental shelf 大陆架. 3 (idm 习语) on the `shelf (infml 口) (a) (of a person) put aside as if no longer useful （指人）被闲置（似已无用）: * A retired person should not be made to feel he's on the shelf. 不应该让退休的人感到自己是个闲人. (b) (often sexist 常含性别偏见) (of an unmarried woman) regarded as being too old to be likely to be asked to marry sb （指未婚女子）被认为年龄较大因而不太可能有人向她求婚: * Women used to think they were on the shelf at 30. 过去女人一到30岁就认为是过了结婚年龄. 复合： `shelf-life n (usu sing 通常作单数) time for which a stored item remains usable 贮藏寿命（物品的保存期限）: packets of biscuits with a shelf-life of two or three weeks 保存期为二至叁星期的袋装饼乾. `shelf-mark n number marked on a book to show where it should be kept in a library 排架号（图书馆标於书上指示置於书架位置的编号）.

shell
[Fel; Fel] n 1 [C, U] hard outer covering of eggs, of nut-kernels, of some seeds and fruits, and of animals such as oysters, snails, crabs and tortoises （卵、 坚果、 种子、 果实以及牡蛎、 蜗牛、 蟹、 龟等的）壳: * collecting sea-shells on the beach 在海滩捡贝壳 * empty coconut shells 空的椰子壳 * broken pieces of shell 贝壳的碎片. =>illus 见插图. 2 [C] (a) walls, outer structure, etc of an unfinished or burnt-out building, ship, etc （尚未完工的或被火烧毁房子或船等的）骨架、 框架等: * Only the shell of the factory was left after the fire had been put out. 大火扑灭之後, 工厂只剩下个空架子了. (b) any structure that forms a firm framework or covering （任何形式的）坚固框架或外罩: * the metal shell of the aircraft engine 飞机发动机的金属外壳 * the rigid body shell of a car 汽车坚固的车体外壳. 3 [C] (a) metal case filled with explosive, to be fired from a large gun 炮弹: * The building was destroyed by an artillery shell. 这座建 物被炮弹炸毁了. Cf 参看 cartridge1, shot1 4. (b) (US) = cartridge1. 4 [C] light rowing-boat for racing （轻型的）赛艇. 5 (idm 习语) come out of one's `shell become less shy, reserved, etc 不再羞怯、 沉默等: * She used to be so quiet, but now she's really coming out of her shell and chatting to everyone. 她一向沉默寡言, 但现在可真活了, 跟谁都能谈得来. go, retire, withdraw, etc into one's `shell become more shy, reserved, etc 越发羞怯、 沉默等: * Her rejection of him seems to have made him go back into his shell. 他遭她拒绝後就更不爱吭声了. 派生： shell v 1 [Tn] (US also shuck) remove the shell of (sth) 除去（某物）的壳: shell peas, peanuts, almonds, etc 剥豌豆、 花生、 杏仁等 * (saying 谚) It's as easy as shelling peas, ie very easy. 这事非常容易. 2 [Tn] fire shells (shell3) at (sb/sth) 炮击（某人[某物]）: shell the enemy positions 炮击敌人阵地.

shell1
3 (phr v) shell out (sth) (for sth) (infml 口) pay out, often reluctantly 付款（常指不情愿地）: I shall be expected to shell out (the money) for the party. 这次聚会可能要让我花钱. 复合： `shell bean (US) bean of which the seed is eaten and not the pod 不连豆荚吃的豆类. `shellfish n (pl unchanged 复数不变) (a) [C] type of water animal with a shell, esp one of the edible types, eg oysters, mussels, crabs and shrimps 水生有壳动物（如牡蛎、 贻贝、 蟹及虾等可食用者）. (b) [U] such animals as food （作食物用的）水生有壳动物: I eat lots of shellfish. 我常吃虾、 蟹及贝类食物. `shell-shock n [U] nervous illness that can affect soldiers who have been in battle for a long time 炮弹休克（士兵因久战而患的神经病）. `shell-shocked adj 1 suffering from shell-shock 患炮弹休克的. 2 (fig 比喻) shocked; confused; dazed 震惊的; 慌乱的; 眩晕的: I felt totally shell-shocked after coping with five boisterous children all day. 我和五个吵闹的孩子周旋了一整天, 觉得头昏脑胀.

shellac
[FE'lAk, also 'FelAk; FE'lAk] n [U] resinous substance in the form of thin sheets or flakes, used in making varnish 虫胶; 紫（胶虫）胶. 派生： shellac v (-ck-) [Tn] 1 varnish (sth) with shellac 给（某物）涂上虫胶清漆. 2 (US infml 口) defeat (sb) soundly or severely 彻底击败（某人）. shellacking n (usu sing 通常作单数) (US infml 口) sound or severe defeat 彻底的失败: We gave their team a real shellacking. 我们把他们队打得落花流水.

shelter
[5FeltE(r); 5Feltl] n 1 [U] ~ (from sth) condition of being protected, kept safe, etc, eg from rain, danger, attack; refuge 遮蔽, 庇护（如避雨、 脱险、 免受攻击等）: * seek/take shelter from the rain, eg under a tree 避雨（如在树下） * get under shelter, eg when bombs are dropping during an air-raid 隐蔽起来（如在空袭时） * They found shelter from the storm in a barn. 他们在谷仓里躲避暴风雨. * The high fence gives/affords (us) some shelter from the wind. 这道高栅栏（给我们）挡住了风. 2 [C] (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) (a) structure built to give protection, esp from rain, wind or attack 遮蔽物, 庇护物（尤指避雨、 避风或免受攻击者）: * a `bus shelter, ie one in which people wait for buses 公共汽车站的候车亭 * an `air-raid shelter 防空掩蔽所. (b) building providing refuge, esp for homeless people 收容所（尤指为无家可归的人提供的）. 派生： shelter v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (from sb/sth) give shelter to sb/sth; protect sb/sth 给某人[某物]提供庇护处; 保护某人[某事物]: trees that shelter a house from the wind 给房子挡风的树 * shelter (ie hide, protect) an escaped prisoner 窝藏逃犯 * The wall sheltered the soldiers from gunfire. 这堵墙挡住了攻击士兵的炮火. * He is trying to shelter his boss from criticism. 他极力为老板顶住外界的批评. * Is our country's industry sheltered from foreign competition? 我国的工业在与外国竞争时是否有足够保障? 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (from sth) find a place that gives shelter; take shelter 躲避; 避难: shelter under the trees 躲在树下 * shelter from the rain 避雨. sheltered adj 1 (of a place) not exposed to wind, rain, etc （指地方）可避风、 雨等的: find a sheltered spot for a picnic 找个有遮蔽的地方野餐. 2 kept away from or not exposed to unhappiness or harmful influences 与不幸的或有害的事物隔绝的; 不受坏事影响的: a sheltered childhood 未受到坏事物影响的童年时代

shelter1
* He has led a sheltered life in the countryside. 他在乡村生活, 避免了很多烦恼.

shelve
1[Felv; Felv] v [Tn] 1 put (books, etc) on a shelf or shelves 将（书等）放在搁架上. 2 (fig 比喻) abandon or postpone consideration of (a plan, project, problem, etc); delay dealing with (sth) 放弃或搁置（计画、 方案、 问题等）; 缓议（某事物）: * The plans for a new theatre have had to be shelved because of lack of money. 兴建新剧院的计画因资金短缺只好搁置起来. 派生： shelving n [U] (material for) shelves 搁板; 制造搁板的材料: wooden shelving 木板架.

shemozzle
[Fi'mCzl; FE'mazl] n (usu sing 通常作单数) (infml 口) noisy disturbance; rumpus; brawl 喧嚷; 吵闹: * I've never heard such a shemozzle! 我从来没听过这麽吵闹的!

shenanigans
[Fi'nAnigEnz; FE'nAnEgEns] n [pl] (infml 口) 1 mischievous or high-spirited behaviour 恶作剧; 胡闹. 2 trickery; deception 诡计; 诈骗.

shepherd
[5FepEd; 5Fepld] n person who takes care of sheep 牧羊人. 派生： shepherd v [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] guide or direct (people) as if they were sheep 带领, 引导（人群）: A guide shepherded the tourists into the coach. 导游把游客领进旅游车里. * The children were shepherded around by two teachers. 这些小学生是由两位老师带领的. shepherdess[7FepE'des; - 'FepErdis; 5Fepldis] n woman who takes care of sheep 女牧羊人. 复合： shepherd's `pie (also cottage `pie) dish of minced meat baked with mashed potatoes on top 羊倌肉饼（用碎肉做的饼覆以土豆泥烘烤而成）.

Sheraton
[5FerEtEn; 5FerEtn] n [usu attrib 通常作定语] late 18th century style of English furniture 谢拉顿家具式样（英国18世纪的家具式样）: * Sheraton chairs 谢拉顿式椅子.

sherbet
[5FE:bEt; 5FEbit] [C, U] 1 refreshing drink of weak sweet fruit-juice 带甜味的果汁饮料. 2 (esp Brit) sweet fizzy drink, or the powder from which it is made 甜味汽水; 制甜味汽水的粉. 3 (US) = sorbet.

sherd
= shard.

sheriff
[5Ferif; 5Ferif] n 1 (often 常作 High `Sheriff) chief officer of the Crown in counties and certain cities of England and Wales, with legal and ceremonial duties （英格兰和威尔士某些地区或城市的）行政长官, 郡长. Cf 参看 reeve 1. 2 chief judge of a district in Scotland （苏格兰的）司法长官. 3 (in the US) chief officer responsible for enforcing the law in a county （美国的）县治安官.

sherry
[5Feri; 5Feri] n (a) [U, C] type of yellow or brown fortified wine, originally from S Spain 雪利酒（西班牙南部产的黄色或褐色加度葡萄酒）: * Do you like sweet or dry sherry? 你喜欢甜的还是不甜的雪利酒? * high-quality sherries 上等雪利酒. (b) [C] glass of this 一杯雪利酒: * have a sherry before dinner 饭前喝杯雪利酒.

Shetland
[5FetlEnd; 5FetlEnd] n (also the Shetlands [pl]) group of islands off the north coast of Scotland 设得兰群岛（苏格兰北部）. 复合： ,Shetland `pony pony of a small rough-coated breed 设得兰小型马. ,Shetland `wool soft fine kind of wool from Shetland sheep 设得兰羊毛（质地柔软）.

shew
[FEu; Fo] v (arch 古) = show2.

shibboleth
[5FibEleW; 5FibEleW] n old slogan or principle that is no longer regarded by many as very important 陈旧的口号或原则（很多人认为已不太重要的）: * elderly politicians still clinging to the outmoded shibboleths of party doctrine 仍然抱着党性教条的陈词滥调不放的年迈的政治家.

shied
pt, pp of shy1, shy2.

shield
[Fi:ld; Fild] n 1 (a) piece of (usu metal or leather) armour formerly carried on the arm to protect the body when fighting 盾. (b) (in heraldry) drawing or model of a shield displaying a coat of arms (coat) （纹章中的）盾形纹徽, 盾形徽章. =>illus at coat of arms arms (coat) 见coat of arms (coat)插图. (c) trophy in the form of a shield 盾形锦标: * win the school boxing shield 赢得学校拳击赛盾形锦标. 2 ~ (against sth) (fig 比喻) person or thing that protects 起保护作用的人或物: * This car polish is an effective shield against rust. 这种汽车上光蜡很有防作用. 3 (in machinery, etc) plate or screen that protects the operator or the machine; thing used to keep out wind, dust, etc （机器等的）护板, 挡风板, 防尘板: * a shield around the grip of a chainsaw 链锯手柄的护套 * the `heat-shield on a space capsule 宇宙飞船密封舱的隔热屏 * a welder's `eye-shield, ie to stop sparks getting into the eye 电焊工的护目罩. 派生： shield v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~sb/sth (against/from sb/sth) protect sb/sth from harm; defend sb/sth from criticism, attack, etc 保护或庇护某人[某事物]: shield one's eyes (from the sun) with one's hand 用手（挡住阳光）保护眼睛 * The police officer shielded the child with her body. 那警察用她的身体保护了小孩. * You can't shield this criminal from prosecution. 你不能包庇该罪犯而不起诉他. * I tried to shield him against prying journalists. 我竭力为他挡驾, 拦住那些锲而不舍的记者.

shift
1[Fift; Fift] v 1 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p]~ (sth/sb/oneself) (from.../to...); ~ (sth/sb/oneself) (about/around) (cause sth/sb/oneself to) change or move from one position or direction to another （使某事物[某人/自己]）改变位置或方向: * The cargo has shifted, ie has been shaken out of place by the movement of the ship. 货物移动了位置（因船颠簸）. * The wind shifted from east to north. 风由东转向北. * The tools shift around in the car boot every time we turn a corner. 我们每次转弯, 汽车行李箱里的工具就来回动. * The audience shifted uneasily in their seats. 观众在座位上不安地动来动去. * (infml 口) Soap won't shift that stain, ie wash it off. 肥皂洗不掉那个污迹. * Help me to shift the sofa away from the fire. 帮我把这沙发挪得离炉火远些. * You'll have to shift yourselves to another room I want to clean in here. 你得到另一个房间去--我要打扫这里. * The teacher shifted the chairs around in the classroom. 那个教师挪动了教室里的椅子. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from A to/onto B) transfer sth 转移或转换某事物: * Don't try to shift the responsibility onto others: * you must do the job yourself. 别想把责任推给别人, 你得自己干这件事. * He shifted the load from his left to his right shoulder. 他把重物从左肩换到右肩. 2 [Ipr, Ip, Tn] ~ out of sth/into sth; ~ up/down (esp US) change (gear) in a vehicle 换（挡）: * shift out of first into second 从一挡换到二挡 * Shift up when you reach 30 mph. 车速达到每小时30英里时要换高挡. * You have to shift down to climb steep hills. 汽车爬陡坡得换低挡. * Learn to shift gear at the right moment. 要学会掌握在什麽时候换挡. 3 [I] (Brit infml 口) move quickly 迅速移 动: * You'll have to shift if you want to get there by nine o'clock. 你要想九点钟到那儿, 就得快点. * That car can really shift! 那辆汽车要是快开的话还真够快!

shift1
4 (idm 习语) shift one's `ground take a new position or a different way of approaching a subject during an argument （辩论中）改变立场或方法. 5 (phr v) shift for oneself manage one's life without help from others 自谋生计: * When their parents died, the children had to shift for themselves. 孩子们在父母死後只好自谋生路. 复合： `shift-key n key on a typewriter, etc which, when pressed, causes the machine to type capital letters （打字机等的）大小写字体转换键.

shifty
[5Fifti; 5Fifti] adj (-ier, -iest) untrustworthy; deceitful; seemingly dishonest 不可靠的; 诡诈的; 不诚实的: * a shifty-looking person 看上去不可靠的家伙 * shifty behaviour 不正直的行为 * shifty eyes, looks 诡诈的眼睛、 表情. > shiftily[-ili; -ili] adv. shiftiness n [U]

shilling
[5FiliN; 5FiliN] n 1 (until 1971) British coin worth twelve old pennies; one twentieth of a pound （到1971年止）先令（英国货币, 值旧币十二便士, 为一镑的二十分之一）. 2 basic unit of money in Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania; 100 cents 先令（肯尼亚、 乌干达、 坦桑尼亚的基本货币单位, 等於100分）.

shilly
shally

shimmer
[5FimE(r); 5Fiml] v [I] shine with a soft light that seems to waver 发闪烁的微光: * moonlight shimmering on the lake 湖面上闪烁的月光 * The surface of the road shimmered in the heat of the sun. 路面在烈日的热气中发出闪烁的微光. 派生： shimmer n [U] shimmering light 微光; 闪光: the shimmer of pearls 珍珠的闪光.

shin
[Fin; Fin] n front part of the leg below the knee 胫; 胫部: * get kicked on the shin 小腿上被踢了一脚. =>illus at human 见human插图. 派生： shin v (-nn-) (phr v) shin up/down (sth) climb up/down (sth), using the hands and legs to grip （手脚并用沿某物）向上[下]爬: shin up a tree 爬树 * shin down a rope 沿绳索爬下来. 复合： `shin-bone (also tibia) n inner and (usu) larger of the two bones from the knee to the ankle 胫骨. `shin-pad (also `shin-guard) n pad worn to protect the shin when playing football, etc 护胫（踢足球等用的）.

shindig
[5Findig; 5Findig] n (infml 口) 1 lively and noisy party 热闹的聚会. 2 = shindy.

shindy
[5Findi; 5Findi] (also shindig) n (usu sing 通常作单数) (infml 口) noisy disturbance; brawl 吵闹; 争吵; 打架: * kick up (ie cause) a shindy 引起一场争吵 * There was a dreadful shindy in the pub last night. 昨天晚上酒馆里有人大打出手.

shine
[Fain; Fain] v (pt, pp shone/FCn; - FEun; Fon] or, in sense 3, 用於下述第3义时作 ~d) 1 [I, Ipr, Ip] give out or reflect light; be bright 发光; 反射光; 照耀: * Clean the glasses until they shine. 把眼镜擦亮. * The moon is shining (through the window). 月光（通过窗户）照了进来. * The clouds parted and the sun shone (out). 云开了, 太阳出来了. * The hot sun shone down on the scene. 烈日照射着这个地方. * (fig 比喻) His face shone with excitement. 他脸上焕发着兴奋的光芒. 2 [Tn.pr, Tn.p] aim the light of (a torch, etc) in a specified direction 用（手电筒等）的光向某方向照射: * The police shone a searchlight on the house. 警察用探照灯照射这所房子. * Shine your torch into the drawer. 你用手电筒照一下这抽屉里面. * I hate lights being shone in my face. 我不喜欢灯光正对着我的脸. 3 [Tn] (infml 口) polish (sth) 擦亮（某物）: * shine shoes, brassware 擦鞋、 铜器. 4 [I, Ipr] ~ (at/in sth) excel in some way 表现突出; 出众: * He's a shining (ie outstanding, excellent) example of a hard-working pupil. 他是用功的学生, 是优秀的榜样. * She does not shine in conversation, ie is not a good talker. 她不擅长谈话. * I've never shone at tennis. 我从来就打不好网球. 5 (idm 习语) a knight in shining armour =>knight. make hay while the sun shines =>hay. rise and shine =>rise2. 派生： shine n 1 [sing, U] brightness; polished appearance 光亮; 光泽: Give your shoes a good shine. 把你的鞋好好擦一下. * There's too much shine on the seat of these old trousers. 这条裤子臀部磨得太亮了. 2 (idm 习语) come rain, come shine; rain or shine => rain1. take a shine to sb/sth (infml 口) suddenly begin to like sb/sth 突然间喜欢上某人[某事物]: I think that dog has taken a shine to me: it follows me everywhere. 我想这狗已经喜欢上我了, 我走到哪儿它跟到哪儿.

shine1
shiner n (dated sl 旧, 俚) black eye 黑眼圈: That's quite a shiner you've got there. 你眼睛那儿可青了一块. shiny adj (-ier, -iest) shining; rubbed until bright 发亮的; 磨光的: the shiny head of a bald man 秃头男子发亮的脑袋 * shiny black leather 乌黑发亮的皮革 * All the cups are clean and shiny. 杯子都很乾净明亮.

shingle
1[5FiNgl; 5FiNgl] n [U] small rounded pebbles on the sea-shore 海滨的小圆石. 派生： shingly[5FiNgli; 5FiNgli] adj covered with or consisting of shingle 遍布小圆石的; 由小圆石组成的: * I prefer a sandy beach to a shingly one. 我喜欢沙滩, 不喜欢遍布小圆石的海滩.

ship
1[Fip; Fip] n 1 large vessel carrying people or goods by sea 船; 舰: * a `sailing-ship 帆船 * a `merchant ship 商船 * a `warship 战舰 * the ship's company, ie the entire crew 全体船员 * board a ship for India 登上去印度的船. 2 (infml 口) (a) spacecraft 宇宙飞船; 太空船: * aboard an alien ship 在外星飞船上. (b) (US) aircraft 飞行器. 3 (idm 习语) jump ship =>jump2. (like) ,ships that ,pass in the `night people who meet each other briefly and usu only once 短暂相遇的人（通常指只遇此一次）. when one's `ship comes home/in when one has become successful 等自己成功时: * I'll buy a house in the country when my ship comes in. 等我有钱时, 我要在 乡间买一所房子. 复合： ship `biscuit (also ship's `biscuit) hard coarse biscuit used formerly as food during long voyages 硬饼乾（旧时远航备用的）: a diet of ship biscuit 以硬饼乾作固定食物. `shipboard adj [attrib 作定语] used or occurring on a ship 在船上的; 在船上使用的; 在船上发生的: a shipboard romance 船上的艳情. n (idm 习语) on shipboard on a ship; on board ship 在船上. `shipbuilding n [U] building ships 造船业; 造船术: [attrib 作定语] a shipbuilding company, yard 造船公司、 造船厂. `shipbuilder n. `ship-canal n canal that is wide and deep enough for seagoing vessels （可供海船通行的）运河. `shipload n as much cargo or as many passengers as a ship can carry 船载量: set sail with a shipload of grain 载着一船谷物起航. `shipmate n person travelling or working on the same ship as another 同船旅客; 同船船员: He and I were shipmates on a trawler once. 我与他一度同在一艘拖网船上工作. `shipowner n person who owns a ship or ships, or has shares in a shipping company 船主; 船股东. ,ship's `chandler person who deals in supplies and equipment for ships 船具商. `shipwreck n (a) [U] loss or destruction of a ship at sea by storm, collision, etc 海难: suffer shipwreck 遭遇海难.

ship1
(b) [C] instance of this 海难: He died in a shipwreck off the south coast. 他在南部海岸一带的海难中死亡. v [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] cause (sb) to suffer shipwreck 使（某人）遭遇海难: shipwrecked sailors 遭海难的水手 * We were shipwrecked on a deserted island. 我们遭遇海难而困在荒岛上. `shipwright n person employed in building or repairing ships 造船工; 修船工. `shipyard n place where ships are built or repaired 造船厂.

shipshape
[5FipFeip; 5Fip7Fep] adj [usu pred 通常作表语] in good order; tidy 有秩序; 整齐: * get the room all nice and shipshape 把房间收拾得井井有条.

shire
[ 5FaIE(r); FaIr or, in compounds, 在复合词中读作-FE(r); -FL] n 1 [C] (arch 古) county (now chiefly usedin the names of certain counties, eg Hampshire, Yorkshire)郡（现主要用於地名, 如Hampshire, Yorkshire）. 2 the shires [pl] certain midland counties of England and parts of these well known for fox-hunting 英格兰中部几个郡（其中有些以猎狐区着名）. 复合： `shire-horse n large powerful breed of horse used for pulling carts and wagons 英格兰中部的大挽马.

shirk
[FE:k; FEk] v [I, Tn, Tg] (derog 贬) avoid doing (work, one's duty, etc) through laziness, cowardice, etc（因偷懒、 胆怯等）逃避（工作、 责任等）: * You're supposed to tidy up, so stop shirking and do it! 要你来整理就别躲着了, 干吧! * He always shirks the unpleasant tasks. 他总是逃避那些厌恶性工作. * She is shirking going to the dentist. 她躲着不愿意去治牙. > shirker n.

shirt
[FE:t; FEt] n 1 loose-fitting garment (usu worn by men) for the upper part of the body, made of cotton, linen, silk, etc, with long or short sleeves 衬衫, 衬衣（通常指男用的）: * a `sports shirt, ie one with short sleeves for casual wear 短袖衬衫 * a `dress shirt, ie a formal one worn with a dinner-jacket, etc 礼服衬衫. =>illus at jacket 见jacket插图. 2 (idm 习语) keep one's `shirt on (infml 口) (usu imperative 通常用於祈使句) not lose one's temper 不生气; 不发脾气: * Keep your shirt on! Nobody meant to offend you. 别发火! 没人想惹你. lose one's shirt =>lose. put one's shirt on sth (sl 俚) bet all one's money on (a horse, etc) 将全部钱财作赌注压在（马、 狗等上）; 孤注一掷: * He has put his shirt on his team winning the trophy. 他孤注一掷, 赌自己的队一定能赢得锦标. a stuffed shirt =>stuff2. 派生： shirting n [U] material for making shirts 做衬衫用的料子. 复合： `shirt-front n front part of a shirt, esp the stiffened and starched front part of a formal white shirt 衬衫的胸部（尤指礼服白衬衫浆硬的部分）. `shirt-sleeve n sleeve of a shirt 衬衫的袖子: in one's shirt-sleeves, ie not wearing a jacket over one's shirt 穿着衬衫（未穿外衣）. `shirt-tail n part of a shirt that extends below the waist 衬衫的下摆. `shirtwaist n (US) woman's dress that buttons down the front to the waist 衬衫式连衣裙（胸部有扣至腰部的）.

shirty
[5FE:ti; 5FEti] adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) annoyed; angry; bad-tempered 发怒的; 生气的; 脾气坏的: * Don't get shirty with me! 别冲着我发脾气! > shirtily adv. shirtiness n [U].

shish kebab
[7FiF ki'bAb; - 'FiF kEbAb; 5FiF kE7bab] = kebab.

shit
[Fit; Fit] n ( sl 讳, 俚) 1 [U] waste matter from the bowels; excrement 粪便; 屎: * a pile of dog shit on the pavement 便道上的一堆狗屎. 2 [sing] act of emptying the bowels 拉屎: * have/need a shit 拉[要拉]屎. 3 [U] stupid remarks or writing; nonsense 胡说; 胡言; 废话: * You do talk a load of shit! 你胡说八道! 4 [C] (derog 贬) contemptible person 讨厌的家伙; 可鄙的人: * That little shit stole my money. 那个小混蛋把我的钱偷走了. 5 (idm 习语) in the `shit in trouble 遇到麻烦事. not give a `shit (about sb/sth) not care at all 毫不关心: * He doesn't give a shit about anybody else. 他对别人漠不关心. scare the shit out of sb =>scare. 派生： shit v (-tt-; pt, pp shitted or shat/FAt; FAt] ) ( sl 讳, 俚) 1 [I, Tn] empty (solid waste) from the bowels 拉（屎）. 2 [Tn] `~ oneself (a) soil oneself by emptying solid waste from the bowels accidentally 突然拉出屎来把自己弄脏. (b) be very frightened 极害怕. shit interj ( sl 讳, 俚) (used to express annoyance 用以表示恼怒): Shit! I've missed the train! 妈的! 我没赶上火车!

shitty
[5Fiti; 5Fiti] adj (-ier, -iest) ( sl 讳, 俚 esp Brit)1 nasty; disgusting 令人厌恶的; 令人作呕的; 讨厌的: * I'm not going to eat this shitty food. 我可不吃这种恶心东西. 2 contemptible; mean; unworthy 卑鄙的; 无耻的; 无足取的: * What a shitty way to treat a friend! 这样对待一个朋友, 真不像话!

shiver
1[5FivE(r); 5Fivl] v [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) tremble, esp from cold or fear 颤抖（尤指因寒冷或恐惧）; 哆嗦: * She shivered at the thought of going into the dark house alone. 她想到要独自走进那所黑洞洞的房子里去就不寒而粟. * shivering all over with cold 冷得浑身发抖. 派生： shiver n 1 [C] act of shivering 颤抖; 哆嗦: The gruesome sight sent a shiver down my spine. 那可怕情景使我的背脊发凉. 2 the shivers [pl] fit of trembling, resulting from fever or fear （因高烧或恐惧而引起的）颤抖, 战栗: lying in bed with a bout of the shivers 躺在床上浑身打战 * Having to make a speech always gives me the shivers. 一让我演讲我就吓得直哆嗦. shivery[5FivEri; 5FivEri] adj tending to shiver; having or causing a feeling of cold, horror, fear, etc 令人颤抖的; 令人毛骨悚然的: * feel shivery in the damp atmosphere 在潮湿的空气中感到毛骨悚然 * a cold, shivery breeze 凛冽的寒风.

shoal
1[FEul; Fol] n great number of fish swimming together 鱼群: * a shoal of herring, cod, etc 一群鲱鱼、 鳕鱼等 * swimming in shoals （鱼）成群地游着 * (fig 比喻) Shoals of tourists come here in the summer. 这里夏季游人如鲫. 派生： shoal v [I] (of fish) form a shoal or shoals （指鱼）成群.

shock
1[FCk; Fak] n 1 [C] violent blow or shake, caused eg by a collision or an explosion 强烈的冲击或震动（如因碰撞或爆炸造成的）: * earthquake shocks 地震 * The shock of the blast shattered many windows. 许多窗户在爆炸中震碎了. * I felt the shock as the aircraft hit the ground. 飞机着陆时我感觉到震了一下. 2 [C] = electric shock (electric): * If you touch this live wire, you'll get a shock. 摸这条带电的导线, 就会触电. 3 [C] sudden violent disturbance of the mind or emotions caused eg by bad news, a frightening event, etc 震惊; 震骇; 惊愕: * The news of his mother's death was a terrible shock to him. 他母亲去世的噩耗使他非常震惊. * The result of the election came as a shock to us all, ie None of us expected it. 选举的结果令我们惊愕. * It gave me quite a shock to be told I was seriously ill. 听说我的病很严重, 我吃了一惊. 4 [U] state of extreme weakness caused by physical injury, pain, fright, etc 休克: * be in/go into shock 处於休克状态 * suffering from shock 已休克 * What is the correct medical treatment for shock? 在医学上怎样处理休克才对? * She died of shock following an operation on her brain. 她作脑科手术後因休克死亡. 复合： `shock absorber device fitted to a motor vehicle to absorb vibration caused by the unevenness of the road surface, etc （汽车的）减震器. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xii. `shock-proof adj (esp of a watch) designed to resist damage when knocked, dropped, etc （尤指手表）防震的. `shock tactics sudden, violent or outrageous action taken to achieve a purpose 为达到某目的而采取的突然的、 激烈的或不道德的行动; 出奇制胜战术: The group used shock tactics to get publicity: one of them took his clothes off on TV. 这伙人为了扬名做出了惊人的举动, 其中一人在电视上当众脱下了衣服. `shock therapy (also `shock treatment) way of treating mental illness by giving electric shocks or a drug having a similar effect 电震疗法; 休克疗法.

shock1
`shock-troops n [pl] troops specially trained for violent assaults 突击队; 奇袭队. `shock wave moving region of very high air pressure caused by an explosion or an aircraft moving faster than sound 激震波, 冲击波, 激波（由爆炸或超音速飞机引起的）: (fig 比喻) As soon as news of the tragedy was announced, shock waves spread rapidly to all parts of the country. 这可悲的消息一发表, 震憾人心的冲击波迅速传遍全国各地.

shod
pt, pp of shoe v.

shoddy
1[5FCdi; 5Fadi] adj (-ier, -iest) of poor quality or badly made 劣质的; 粗制滥造的: * shoddy goods, clothes, etc 劣质的货物、 服装等 * shoddy workmanship 劣等工艺. > shoddily adv: * shoddily made 做得很糟. shoddiness n [U].

shoe
[Fu:; Fu] n 1 outer covering for a person's foot, usu with a stiff sole and not reaching above the ankle 鞋: * a pair of shoes 一双鞋 * walking shoes 轻便鞋 * tennis shoes 网球鞋 * put on/take off one's shoes 穿[脱]鞋 * [attrib 作定语] a shoe brush, shop 鞋刷、 鞋店 * shoe polish, leather 鞋油、 制鞋用的皮革. Cf 参看 boot1 1, sandal. 2 = horseshoe (horse): * cast/throw a shoe, ie lose one 掉了一块马蹄铁. 3 part of a brake that presses against the wheel or its drum (on a bicycle, in a motor vehicle, etc) （自行车、 汽车等的）煞车瓦, 闸瓦. 4 any object like a shoe in appearance or use 在外观或用途上似鞋之物. 5 (idm 习语) be in/put oneself in sb's shoes be in/imagine oneself to be in sb else's position （设想）处於某人的地位或处境: * I wouldn't like to be in your shoes if they find out what you're doing. 要是人家发现你现在干的这件事, 我可不愿设想你得有多倒霉. dead men's shoes =>dead. fill sb's shoes =>fill1. shake in one's shoes =>shake1. step into sb's shoes =>step1. 派生： shoe v (pt, pp shod/FCd; Fad] ) [Tn] fit (a horse) with a shoe or shoes 给（马）钉马蹄铁: * a blacksmith shoeing a pony 给小马钉马蹄铁的铁匠. shod adj [attrib 作定语] (of a person) wearing shoes of a specified type or quality （指人）穿着某种（式样或质量）鞋的: shod in leather 穿着皮鞋 * well shod for wet weather 穿好了雨鞋以防下雨 * (fig 比喻) an iron-shod stick, ie one with an iron tip 包有铁头的手杖. 复合： `shoehorn n device with a curved blade used to help the heel slide easily into a shoe 鞋拔子. `shoe-lace n cord fastened to the edges of a shoe's uppers to hold it tightly on the foot 鞋带. `shoemaker n [C], `shoemaking n [U] (person whose trade is) making or repairing boots and shoes 鞋匠; 制鞋; 补鞋; 制鞋业. `shoeshine n (esp US) person whose job is polishing other people's shoes 以擦皮鞋为业的人: [attrib 作定语] a shoeshine boy 擦鞋男童.

shoe1
`shoe-string n 1 (esp US) shoe-lace 鞋带. 2 (idm 习语) on a `shoe-string using very little money 以极少的钱: living on a shoe-string 过着极节俭的生活. `shoe-tree n shaped piece of wood, plastic or metal placed inside a shoe so that it keeps its shape 鞋楦.

shone
pt, pp of shine

shoo
in

shook
pt of shake1.

shoot
1[Fu:t; Fut] v (pt, pp shot/FCt; Fat] ) 1 (a) [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (at sb/sth); ~ sth (from sth); ~ sth (off) fire (a gun or some other weapon); fire (a bullet, an arrow, etc) at sb/sth 开（枪或其他武器）; 向某人[某物]发射（子弹、 箭等）: * Aim carefully before shooting. 仔细瞄准後再射击. * Don't shoot I surrender. 别开枪--我投降. * What are you shooting (your gun) at? 你（用枪）射击什麽呢? * He shot an arrow from his bow. 他拉弓放了一箭. * The police only rarely shoot to kill, ie try to kill the people they shoot at. 警察开枪很少打死人. * The missiles were shot at the aircraft from a ship. 从军舰上向飞机发射导弹. * He shot (off) several bullets before hitting the target. 他射出好几发子弹才击中目标. (b) [I] use a gun, etc; hunt with a gun, etc 使用枪等; 用枪等打猎: * Can you shoot (well)? 你会放枪吗（你枪打得准吗）? * learn to shoot straight 练习枪法 * I need more practice at shooting. 我需要多练习射击. * He enjoys riding, fishing and shooting, ie as sport. 他喜欢骑马、 钓鱼和射击. (c) [Tn, Cn.a] kill or wound (sb/sth) with a bullet, an arrow, etc （用子弹、 箭等）击毙或射伤（某人[某物]）: * She went out shooting rabbits. 她打兔子去了. * The soldier was shot (ie executed by shooting) for desertion. 那士兵因开小差儿而被处死. * She was shot in the leg. 她腿上中了一枪. * The hunter shot the stag dead. 猎人把雄鹿射死了. (d) [I] (of a gun, bow, etc) fire bullets, arrows, etc （指枪、 弓等）发射子弹、 箭等: * This is just a toy gun: * it doesn't shoot. 这只是玩具枪, 不能发射子弹. * Get a rifle that shoots straight. 找一 射得准的步枪来. (e) [Tn.pr] make (sth) by shooting 由射击造成（某现象）: * The gun/gunman shot a hole in the door. 这枪[持枪歹徒]在门上射出一个洞. 2 [Tn] go over (an area) shooting game animals 去（某地）打猎:

shoot1
* shoot a covert, an estate, etc 去丛林、 庄园等打猎. =>Usage at hunt1 用法见hunt1. 3 (a) [Ipr, Ip, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (cause sth to) move suddenly or quickly in the specified direction （使某物）沿某方向突然或迅速运动: * The sports car shot past us. 赛车从我们前面飞驰而过. * A meteor shot across the sky. 流星划过天空. * He shot out of the door after her. 他冲出门去追赶她. * The runner shot ahead (of the rest). 那个赛跑的人向前飞奔而去（把其他人抛在後面）. * Flames were shooting (up) from the burning house. 从燃烧着的房子里喷射出火舌. * The snake's tongue shot out. 蛇飞快地吐出芯子. * The driver was shot out of the open car as it crashed. 那辆敞篷汽车撞车时把司机抛出车外. =>Usage at whiz 用法见whiz. (b) [I, Ipr] ~ (down, up, etc sth) (of pain) move suddenly and quickly with a stabbing sensation （指疼痛）刺痛, 剧痛: * a shooting pain in my back 我背部的刺痛感 * The pain shot up her arm. 她手臂一阵剧痛. (c) [no passive 不用於被动语态: * Tn.pr, Dn.n] ~ sth at sb direct sth at sb suddenly or quickly 突然或迅速向某人抛出某物: * journalists shooting questions at the minister 向部长发出连珠炮般问题的记者 * She shot an angry glance at him/shot him an angry glance. 她愤怒地扫了他一眼. 4 [I] (of plants and bushes) put forth new twigs or branches from a stem; sprout （指花草或灌木）发芽, 生枝: * Rose bushes shoot again after being cut back. 玫瑰丛修剪後还能再长出新枝. 5 [I, Tn, Tng no passive 不用於被动语态] (esp cinema 尤用於电影) photograph (an object, a scene, etc) 拍摄（物、 景等）: * Cameras ready? OK, shoot! 摄影机准备好了吗? 好, 开拍! * We're ready to shoot (the ballroom sequence). 我们已经准备好拍摄（舞厅的连续镜头）. * The film was shot in black and white. 这部电影拍成了黑白片. * shoot a woman riding a horse 拍摄一个骑着马的女子.

shoot2
6 [Tn] (of a boat or a person in a boat) move quickly through, past, etc (sth) （指船或船中人）迅速穿过（某物）: * shooting the rapids 迅速穿过激流 * shoot the bridge, ie pass quickly underneath it 迅速从桥下穿过. 7 [Tn] push (the bolt of a door) into or out of its slot 插上或打开（门闩）. 8 [Tn] (infml 口) (in golf) achieve (a specified number of strokes) in a game （高尔夫球）击出（杆数）: * shot a 75 in the first round 第一场击出75捍. 9 [Tn] (esp US) play (certain games) 玩（某些游戏）: * shoot craps/pool/dice 玩双色子[台球/掷色子]游戏. 10 (a) [I, Ipr] ~ (at sth) (in football, hockey, etc) try to kick, hit, etc the ball directly into the goal （足球、 曲棍球等中）射门: * She's looking for an opportunity to shoot (at goal). 她正在寻找机会射门. (b) [Tn no passive 不用於被动语态] score (a goal) 射中（一球）得分: * He shot a goal from twenty yards out. 他从二十码外射门得分. 11 [I] (US infml 口) (only imperative 只用於祈使句) say what one has to say 说出（要说的话）: * You want to tell me something? Well, shoot! 你有事告诉我吗? 那好, 说吧! 12 [Tn no passive 不用於被动语态] (sl 俚) inject (a drug) into one's bloodstream 注射（毒品）: * shoot heroin 注射海洛因. 13 (idm 习语) be/get shot of sth/sb (infml 口) be/get rid of sth/sb 摆脱某事物[某人]. shoot one's `bolt (infml 口) make one's final effort, so that there is nothing further one can do to achieve one's aim 竭尽全力. shoot the `breeze (US infml 口) talk casually; gossip 聊天; 闲聊: * We sat around in the bar, shooting the breeze. 我们坐在酒吧里谈天说地. shoot it out (with sb) (infml 口) settle a contest, dispute, etc, using guns 用枪来解决竞争、 争端等: * (fig 比喻) rival politicians shooting it out in a television debate 在电视辩论中决一雌雄的政界敌手. shoot a `line (infml 口) exaggerate; tell lies 夸张; 说谎:

shoot3
* She said she was an expert skier but I think she was just shooting a line. 她说自己是滑雪行家, 但我认为她说大话. shoot one's `mouth off (about sth) (infml 口) (a) exaggerate; boast 夸张; 吹牛: * He's always shooting his mouth off about his success with women. 他总是瞎吹他如何能赢得女子芳心. (b) talk indiscreetly 轻率地谈话: * It's a secret, so don't go shooting your mouth off about it. 这是秘密, 别随便乱说. shoot pool (US) play pool2(4) 打台球. shoot one's way in/into sth; shoot one's way out/out of sth get into/out of sth by shooting 开枪杀进[杀出]某处: * The gangster stole a gun and shot his way out of prison. 歹徒偷到一枝枪一路杀出监狱. shoot the `works (US infml 口) gamble or use up all one's money, resources, effort, etc 孤注一掷; 竭尽钱财; 不遗馀力. 14 (phr v) shoot sb down kill sb, esp cruelly, by shooting 击毙某人; （尤指）残酷枪杀某人: * His victims were all shot down in cold blood. 他杀害的那些人都是遭他疯狂枪杀的. shoot sth/sb down cause (an aircraft or its pilot) to fall to the ground by shooting eg a missile 击落（飞机或其驾驶员）（如用导弹）: * ships shooting down fighter planes 把战斗机击落的舰艇 * (fig 比喻) His latest theories have been shot down in flames by the experts. 他的最新理论遭 专家们批驳得一无是处. shoot sth off (a) sever sth by shooting it with a gun, etc （用枪等）射断（某物）: * His arm was shot off in the war. 他的手臂在战争中打断了. (b) shoot (a gun, fireworks, etc) into the air 朝天放（枪、 焰火等）: * People were shooting off pistols in the streets to celebrate the victory. 人们在街上朝天鸣枪庆祝胜利. shoot sth up terrorize (a place) by going through it firing guns 在（某地）胡乱放枪制造恐怖: * The gangsters ran into the bar and started shooting it up. 歹徒们冲进酒吧胡乱扫射一通.

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复合： `shooting-brake n (Brit dated 旧) = estate car (estate). `shooting-gallery n building or room where people practise shooting rifles, etc at targets 室内射击场; 打靶场. `shooting match (idm 习语) the whole shooting match => whole ,shooting `star (also falling star) small meteor that burns up as it enters the earth's atmosphere, appearing as a bright streak in the sky 流星. `shooting-stick n stick with a spiked end (to be stuck into the ground) and a handle which unfolds to form a small seat 摺叠座手杖（可插在地上, 上端可打开成为坐凳）. `shoot-out n battle fought with guns 相互开枪; 枪战: The robbery led to a shoot-out between the robbers and the police. 这次打劫酿成一场警匪枪战.

shop
[FCp; Fap] n 1 (US store) building or room where goods or services are sold to the public 商店; 店 : * a butcher's, chemist's, etc shop 肉店、 药房 * a sweet-shop 糖果店 * a bookshop 书店 * serve in a shop 当店员. 2 (also `workshop) (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) place where things are manufactured or repaired 工厂; 车间: * an engineering shop 机械加工车间 * a machine shop 机械工厂 * a paint shop, eg where cars are painted 油漆车间（如汽车喷漆车间）. 3 (infml 口) place of business; institution; establishment 办事处; （工商业）机构; 企业: * I want this shop to run as smoothly as possible. 我想让这个机构办得尽可能顺利. 4 (idm 习语) all `over the shop (sl 俚) (a) in great disorder; scattered everywhere 纷乱; 零乱: * His clothes lay all over the shop. 他衣服扔得到处都是. (b) everywhere 各处: * I've looked for it all over the shop. 我到处都找过了. a bull in a china shop => bull1. come/go to the wrong shop => wrong. keep `shop look after a shop, serve customers, etc 照管商店; 接待顾客等: * Will you keep shop while I go out for lunch? 我去吃午饭, 你照看一下商店好吗? set up `shop start a business 开店; 开业: * She set up shop as a bookseller in the High Street. 她在大街开了一家书店. shut up shop => shut. talk shop =>talk2. 派生： shop v (-pp-) 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (for sth) (usu 通常作 go shopping) go to a shop or shops to buy things 去买东西; 购物: go shopping every day 每天去店 买东西 * I'm shopping for Christmas presents. 我正在买圣诞礼物. 2 [Tn] (US) visit (a shop) to buy things 去（商店）买东西: shopping the stores looking for bargains 逛商店找便宜货. 3 [Tn] (Brit sl 俚) give information about (sb), esp to the police 告发（某人）（尤指向警方）: The gang leader was shopped by one of the robbers. 有个劫匪向警方告发了匪首.

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4 (phr v) shop around (for sth) (infml 口) search carefully for goods that are the best value, or for the best services, etc 仔细寻找（物美价廉的东西或最佳服务项目等）: Don't buy the first car you see: shop around a bit. 买汽车时别见到一辆就买, 多转几家挑一挑. * People must shop around for the best school for their children. 人们都要为子女找最好的学校. shopper n person who is shopping 到商店买东西的人: crowds of Christmas shoppers 成群的购买圣诞节物品的人. shopping n [U] 1 activity of shopping 买东西; 购物: do one's shopping 去买东西. * [attrib 作定语] a `shopping street, ie one with many shops 商业街 * a `shopping bag, basket, etc 购物袋、 篮等. 2 goods bought 买到的东西: Where did I leave my shopping? 我把买到的东西忘在哪儿了? ` shopping centre area where there are many shops 购物中心; 商业区. `shopping mall (US) area, closed to traffic and usu covered, where there are many shops （禁行车辆的）商业网点（通常有篷顶）. 复合： `shop-assistant (US salesclerk) n person who serves customers in a shop 店员; 售货员. ,shop-`floor n [sing] 1 area in a factory where goods are made （工厂里的）生产区: working on the shop-floor 在工厂的生产区工作 * [attrib 作定语] a shop-floor worker 工厂里生产区的工人. 2 workers in a factory (contrasted with the management) 工厂的劳方（相对於资方）: How does the shop-floor feel about these changes? 劳方对这些改革有何想法? `shopkeeper (US `storekeeper) n person who owns or manages a shop, usu a small one 店主, 零售商（通常指小店的）. `shoplift v [I] steal goods from a shop while pretending to be a customer 入店行窃, 高买（假装买东西趁机行窃）: started to shoplift as a fifteen-year-old 十五岁就开始到商店里偷东西. `shoplifter n. `shoplifting n [U]: arrested for shoplifting shop2 /// ,shop-`steward n trade union official elected by his fellow-workers as their spokesman （同厂工人选出的）工会发言人.

shore
1[FC:(r); FCr] n [C, U] land along the edge of the sea or of any large body of water （海或湖等大水域的）岸, 滨: * a house on the shore(s) of Lake Geneva 日内瓦湖畔的房子 * swim from the ship to the shore 由船边游到岸边 * go on shore, eg of sailors from a ship 上岸（如海员离船登岸） * This island is two miles off shore. 这个岛离岸两英里. =>illus at coast 见coast插图. =>Usage at coast1 用法见coast1.

shorn
pp of shear.

short
1[FC:t; FCrt] adj (-er, -est) 1 (a) measuring little from one end to the other （长度方面）短的: * a short stick, line, dress, journey 短棒、 短线、 短连衣裙、 短途旅行 * short grass, fur 短的草、 毛皮 * a short distance between the two houses 两所房子间的短距离 * You've cut my hair very short. 你把我的头发剪得太短了. * She walked with short quick steps. 她以小而快的步子走路. * The coat is rather short in the sleeves. 这件大衣的袖子有点短. Cf 参看 long1 1. (b) below the average height 矮的; 低的: * a short person 身材矮的人 * short in stature 身材矮小 * too short to become a police officer 因身材矮而不能当警察. Cf 参看 tall. (c) not lasting long; brief （时间方面）短的, 短暂的; 简短的: * a short holiday, speech, film, ceremony 短暂的假期、 简短的发言、 短片、 简短的仪式 * have a short memory, ie remember only things that have happened recently 短暂的记忆（只能记住最近发生的事） * The days get shorter as winterapproaches. 冬天来临, 白天越来越短了. Cf 参看 long1 1.2 ~ (of sth) not reaching the usual standard or required weight, length, quantity, etc （在重量、 长度、 数量等方面）未达到通常标准的, 短缺的: * Water is short at this time of year. 每年这个时候缺水. * The shopkeeper gave us short weight: * we got 7.5 kilos instead of 10 kilos. 店主给我们的分量不足: * 应该10公斤我们只得到7.5公斤. * The soldiers complained that they were getting short rations. 士兵们抱怨他们得到的配给不够数. * These goods are in short supply, ie There are not enough to satisfy the demand for them. 这些货物短缺（供不应求）. * This packet is supposed to contain ten screws, but it's two short. 这包应装有十个螺丝钉, 可是短了两个. * The missile landed ten miles short (of its target). 那枚导弹落在离目标十英里的地方. * We've only raised 2000 so far; we're still 500 short (of the amount we need).我们到目前为止才筹集到2000英镑, （离所需数目）还差500英镑.

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3 [pred 作表语] (a) ~ (of sth) not having much or enough of sth; lacking sth （某物）不够; 缺乏（某物）: * short of time, money, ideas 缺少时间、 钱、 主意 * The hospital is getting short of clean linen. 这所医院现在缺少乾净的被服用品. * We can't lend you any sugar, we're a bit short (of it) ourselves. 我们无法借给你糖, 我们自己（的糖）也不太够. * (infml 口) I'm a bit short (ie of money) this week. 我这星期手头不宽裕（缺钱）. (b) ~ on sth (infml 口) lacking (a certain quality) 缺少（某种特质）: * He's short on tact. 他处事不够圆通. * Her speeches are rather short on wit. 她的讲话不够风趣. 4 [pred 作表语] ~ for sth serving as an abbreviation of sth 作某事物的简略形式、 缩写或简称: * `Ben' is usually short for `Benjamin'. Ben通常为Benjamin的简称. 5 (a) [pred 作表语] ~ (with sb) (of a person) speaking sharply and briefly; curt; abrupt （指人）说话尖刻而简短, 简单粗暴, 唐突无礼: * She was rather short with him when he asked for help. 他请她帮帮忙, 她却不客气地把他顶了回去. (b) (of a remark or sb's manner of speaking) expressed in few words; curt （指言语或说话方式）简短的, 唐突无礼的: * He gave her a short answer. 他给了她一个简短生硬的回答. * All his observations were short and to the point. 他的观察报告都很简单扼要. 6 (a) (of a fielder or his position in cricket) relatively near the batsman （指板球运动的外场员或其位置）距击球员较近的: * short leg, slip, etc 距击球员近的在其左侧的、 在其右後侧的...外场员. (b) (of a bowled ball in cricket) bouncing relatively near to the bowler （指板球中投出的球）反弹至较近投球手的位置. 7 (of vowels or syllables) pronounced for a relatively brief time （指元音或音节）短音的: * the short vowel in `pull' and the long vowel in `pool' 在pull一字中的短元音和在pool一字中的长元音. 8 (of an alcoholic drink) small and strong, made with spirits （指烈性酒）少而浓的, 烈性的:

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* I rarely have short drinks. 我很少喝烈性酒. 9 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (commerce 商) (of a bill of exchange, etc) maturing at an early date （指汇票等）短期的, 即将兑现的: * a short bill, bond, etc 短期票据、 债券等 * a short date, ie an early date for the maturing of a bill, bond, etc 短期（兑现票据、 债券等的）. 10 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of cake or pastry) rich and crumbly as a result of containing much fat （指饼或面点心）油酥的: * a flan with a short crust 果馅酥饼. 11 (idm 习语) be on short `rations be allowed or able to have less than the usual quantity of food 食物配给量不足; 靠不足的食物配给量生活. by a short `head (a) (in horse-racing) by a distance of less than the length of a horse's head （赛马）以不到一个马头的距离: * win/lose by a short head 以不到一个马头的距离之差获胜[失败]. (b) by only a little 以极少的量: * I got 96 per cent, he got 94, so I beat him by a short head. 我得96分, 他得94分, 我仅超过他一点. for `short as an abbreviation 简略形式; 缩写; 简称: * Her name is `Frances', or `Fran' for short. 她叫‘弗朗西丝’或简称‘弗朗’. get/have sb by the short `hairs (infml 口) get/have sb in a difficult position or at one's mercy 使某人处境困难; 完全操纵某人. give full/short measure =>measure2. give sb/sth/get short `shrift/FrIft; FrIft/ give sb/sth/get curt treatment or attention怠慢某人[某事物]; 受冷遇: * He went to complain to the boss, but got very short shrift: * she told him to get out and stay out 他到老板那儿去投诉, 但老板态度冷淡: * 她叫他出去上一边呆着去. in long/short pants =>pants. in the long/short term =>term. in `short in a few words; briefly 总之; 简言之: * Things couldn't be worse, financially: * in short, we're bankrupt. 在财务方面已经糟得不能再糟了: * 总之一句话, 我们破产了. in short `order quickly and without fuss 迅速而直截了当地:

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* When the children are naughty she deals with them in very short order: * they're sent straight to bed. 孩子们一淘气她有个乾脆的办法: * 马上打发他们上床睡觉. in short supply not plentiful; scarce 不充裕; 供应不足. little/nothing short of sth little/nothing less than sth; almost sth 不亚於某事物; 几乎就是: * Our escape was little short of miraculous. 我们能够逃出来简直是奇迹. make short work of sth/sb deal with, or dispose of sth/sb quickly 迅速处理某事物或对付某人: * make short work of one's meal 很快吃完饭 * The team made short work of their opponents. 这个队一下子就把对方压倒了. on a short `fuse likely to get angry quickly and easily 易怒的; 脾气暴躁的: * Don't irritate her, she's on a short fuse today. 别惹她, 她今天动不动就发火. out of/short of breath =>breath. (on) short `commons (dated 旧) not having enough to eat 没有足够的食物吃. a short `cut (a) route that makes a journey, walk, etc shorter 近路; 捷径: * I took a short cut across the field to get to school. 我穿过田野抄近路去上学. (b) way of doing sth more efficiently, quickly, etc 更快、 更有效等的办事方法: * Becoming a doctor requires years of training -- there are really no short cuts. 当医生需要多年的学习和锻炼--实无捷径可言. ,short and `sweet (often ironic 常作反语) brief but pleasant 简短而愉快的: * I only needed two minutes with the doctor the visit was short and sweet. 我找医生治病只用了两分钟--别管受罪不受罪, 反正时间短. thick as two short planks =>thick. > shortness n [U]. 复合： `shortbread n [U] crumbly dry cake made with flour, sugar and much butter 油酥甜饼（由面粉、 糖、 黄油制成）. `shortcake n [U] (a) (Brit) = shortbread. (b) dessert made from a biscuit dough or sponge mixture with cream and fruit on top 油酥糕饼（在发酵面团上覆奶油、 水果做成的甜食）: strawberry shortcake 草莓油酥糕饼.

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,short-`change v [Tn] cheat (sb), esp by giving him less than the correct change2(4) （故意）少找给（某人）钱. ,short `circuit (also infml 口语作 short) (usu faulty) connection in an electric circuit, by which the current flows along a shorter route than the normal one 电路短路. ,short-`circuit (also infml 口语作 short) v 1 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) have a short circuit （使某用电器）短路: The lights short-circuited when I joined up the wires. 我一接上电线, 电灯就短路了. * You've short-circuited the washing-machine. 你把洗衣机弄短路了. 2 [Tn] (fig 比喻) avoid (sth); bypass 避开（某事物）; 绕过: short-circuit the normal procedures to get sth done quickly 为尽快办成某事不循正常手续. `shortcoming n (usu pl 通常作复数) failure to be of a required standard; fault 缺点; 缺陷: a system/person with many shortcomings 有许多缺点的体系[人]. `shortfall n ~ (in sth) deficit 赤字; 亏空: a shortfall in the annual budget 年度预算中的不足. `shorthand (also esp US stenography) n [U] method of writing rapidly, using special quickly-written symbols 速记法: [attrib 作定语] a shorthand course, typist, letter 速记课程、 打字员、 信. ,short-`handed adj [usu pred 通常作表语] not having enough workers, helpers, etc 人手不足: The shop is short-handed, so we are all having to work harder. 店里人手不足, 所以我们都得勤奋些. `shorthorn n breed of cattle with short curved horns 短角牛. `short list small number, esp of candidates for a job, selected from a larger number, and from which the final selection is to be made 决选名单（从多数人中挑出的少数候选人, 以备从中选出所需的人, 尤指应徵职务者）: draw up a short list 拟定一份决选名单 * Are you on the short list? 你在决选名单上吗? `short-list v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth) put sb on a short list 将某人列入决选名单: Have you been short-listed for the post? 已经把你列入该工作的决选名单上了吗?

short5
short-lived[7FC:t'livd; - 'laivd; FCrt'laivd] adj lasting for a short time; brief 短命的; 短暂的: * a short-lived triumph, relationship 短暂的胜利、 关系 * Her interest in tennis was very short-lived. 她喜好网球只是昙花一现. ,short `odds (in betting) nearly even odds, indicating a horse, etc that is likely to win （赌博中）可能赢的机会几乎均等. ,short `order (US) order for food that can be cooked quickly （点叫）快餐: [attrib 作定语] a ,short-order `chef 专做快餐的厨师. ,short-`range adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] 1 designed for or applying to a limited period of time 短期间的: a,short-range `plan, `project, etc 短期计画、 项目等 *,short-range `weather forecasts, ie for one or two days ahead 短期天气预报. 2 (of missiles, etc) designed to travel over relatively short distances （指导弹等）短程的, 近程的. ,short `sight ability to see clearly only what is close 近视. ,short-`sighted adj 1 suffering from short sight 近视的. 2 (fig 比喻) having or showing an inability to foresee what will happen 目光短浅的; 无远见的: a short-sighted person, attitude, plan 目光短浅的人、 看法、 计画. ,short-`staffed adj [usu pred 通常作表语] not having enough staff; understaffed 人员不足: We're very short-staffed in the office this week. 本星期我们办公室人手不够. ,short `story piece of prose fiction that is shorter than a novel, esp one that deals with a single event or theme 短篇小说. ,short `temper tendency to become angry quickly and easily 易怒; 脾气暴躁: He has a very short temper. 他脾气很暴躁. ,short-`tempered adj: Being tired often makes me short-tempered. 我一累就容易发脾气. ,short-`term adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of or for a short period 短期的: a ,short-term `plan, `loan, a`greement, ap`pointment 短期计画、 贷款、 协议、 任命. ,short `time employment for less than the full working week 短工时雇用工作（每周开工不足者）: workers on short time 短工时雇用的工人

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* [attrib 作定语] ,short-time `working 短工时的工作. ,short `wave (abbr 缩写 SW) radio wave with a length between 100 and 10 metres 短波（波长在100米与10米之间的无线电波）: [attrib 作定语] a ,short-wave `radio, `broadcast, etc 短波收音机、 广播等. ,short-`winded adj easily getting breathless after exerting oneself, running, etc （用力、 跑步等後就）容易气喘的.

shortage
[5FC:tidV; 5FCrtidV] n [C, U] lack of sth needed; deficiency 缺少; 不足; 短缺: * food, fuel, housing shortages 食物、 燃料、 住房短缺 * a shortage of rice, funds, equipment 大米、 资金、 设备不足 * owing to (a) shortage of staff 由於人员缺乏 * a shortage of 50 tons 缺少50吨 * There was no shortage of helpers. 不缺帮手.

shorten
[5FC:tn; 5FCrtn] v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become shorter （使某物）变短: * The days are beginning to shorten, eg in autumn. 白天开始变短了（如在秋季）. * take two links out of the chain to shorten it 取下两个链环把链子弄短 * They want to shorten the time it takes to make the car. 他们想把生产汽车的时间缩短. Cf 参看 lengthen (length).

shortening
[5FC:tniN; 5FCrtniN] n [U] fat used to make pastry light and crumbly 用以使糕饼松脆的油脂.

shortly
[5FC:tli; 5FCrtli] adv 1 in a short time; not long; soon 马上; 立刻; 不久: * shortly afterwards 不久以後 * coming shortly 很快就来 * shortly before noon 中午前不久 * I'll be with you shortly. 我马上就来. 2 in a cross way; curtly 无礼地; 唐突地: * spoke to me rather shortly 很不客气地和我说话.

shorty
[5FC:ti; 5FCrti] n (infml 口) (a) (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) (used esp as a term of address 尤用作称谓) person who is shorter than average 矮个子. (b) garment that is shorter than average （比一般的）短的衣服: * [attrib 作定语] a shorty mackintosh 短雨衣.

should
1[FEd; FEd; strong form 强读式 Fud; Fud] modal v (neg 否定式 should not, contracted form 缩约式 shouldn't[5Fudnt; 5Fudnt] ) 1 (a) (indicating obligation 用以表示义务或责任): * You shouldn't drink and drive.你不应该喝酒後开车. * Visitors should inform the receptionist of their arrival. 来宾在到达时应当知会接待员. * We should have bought a new lock for the front door. 我们本该买把新锁安在前门上. =>Usage 1 at must 见must所附用法第1项. (b) (indicating advice or recommendation 用以表示劝告或推荐): * He should stop smoking. 他应该戒烟. * You shouldn't leave a baby alone in the house. 你不应该把幼儿一个人留在家里. * They should have called the police. 他们本应该叫警察的. =>Usage 2 at must 见must所附用法第2项. 2 (drawing a tentative conclusion 用以表示试探性的推断): * We should arrive before dark. 我们按说能在天黑前到达. * The roads should be less crowded today. 今天路上不致於那麽拥挤了. * I should have finished reading it by Friday. 我大概到星期五能把它看完. => Usage 3 at must 见must所附用法第3项. 3 (fml 文) (used to describe the consequence of an imagined event 用以表达假定的结果): * If I was asked to work on Sundays I should resign. 要是叫我星期天上班, 我就辞职. * We should move to a larger house if we had the money. 我们要是有钱就找个大房子住了. 4 (used in a that-clause after the adjs anxious, sorry, concerned, happy, delighted, etc 用在形容词anxious、 sorry、 concerned、 happy、 delighted等後接的that从句中): * I'm anxious that he should be well cared for. 我盼望他能受到很好的照顾. * We're sorry that you should feel uncomfortable. 你觉得在这儿不舒服, 我们非常抱歉. * That he should speak to you like that is quite astonishing. 他竟然这样对你说话, 实在让人吃惊. * I am delighted that he should take that view. 他有那种看法, 我十分高兴.

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5 (used after if and in case, or with subject and v reversed, to suggest that an event is unlikely to happen 用於if和in case之後或将主语与动词倒置, 表示某事不太可能发生): * If you should change your mind, do let me know. 万一你要改变主意, 一定要告诉我. * If he should have forgotten to go to the airport, nobody will be there to meet her. 要是他忘了去机场, 就没人去那儿接她了. * Should anyone phone (ie If anyone phones), please tell them I'm busy. 有人打电话来, 就说我很忙. 6 (fml 文) (used after so that/in order that to express purpose 用於so that/in order that之後表示目的或动机): * He put the cases in the car so that he should be able to make an early start. 他把箱子放在汽车里, 这样他就可以早点动身了. * She repeated the instructions slowly in order that he should understand. 她把那些指示慢慢重复了一遍好让他听明白. 7 (a) (used to make polite requests 用作表示请求的客气说法): * I should like to make a phone call, if possible. 劳驾, 我想打个电话. * We should be grateful for your help. 承您协助, 不胜感激. Cf 参看 would1 2a. (b) (used with imagine, say, think, etc to give tentative opinions 与imagine、 say、 think等连用, 表达不成熟的意见): * I should imagine it will take about three hours. 我想得花大约叁个钟头. * I should say she's over forty. 我说她有四十多岁了. * `Is this long enough?’ `I should think so.’ ‘这个够长吗?’‘我看可以了.’ 8 (a) (used with question words to express lack of interest, disbelief, etc 与疑问词连用, 表示不感兴趣、 难以相信等): * How should I know? 我怎麽知道呢? * Why should he think that? 他怎麽那麽想呢? (b) (used with question words to express surprise 与疑问词连用表示惊讶): * I was thinking of going to see John when who should appear but John himself. 我还想去看约翰, 想不到约翰来了.

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* I turned round on the bus and who should be sitting behind me but my ex-wife. 我在公共汽车上转过身来, 谁料後面坐的竟是我的前妻.

shoulder
[5FEuldE(r); 5Foldl] n 1 [C] (a) part of the body where an arm, a foreleg or a wing is attached; part of the human body from this point to the neck 胳膊、 前腿或翅膀与身体相连接的部位; 肩; 肩膀; 肩胛: * look back over one's shoulder 回头看 * shrug one's shoulders 耸肩 * This coat is too narrow across the shoulders. 这件大衣肩部太窄. =>illus at human 见human插图. =>Usage at body. (b) part of a garment covering this （衣服的）肩部: * a jacket with padded shoulders 有垫肩的甲克. (c) [C, U] piece of meat cut from the upper foreleg of an animal 前腿肉（从动物前腿上部切下的肉）: * some shoulder of lamb, beef, etc 羊、 牛等的前腿肉. 2 shoulders [pl] (a) part of the back between the shoulders 背的上部; 肩胛: * a person with broad shoulders 肩宽的人 * a coalman carrying a sack on his shoulders 肩上扛着麻袋的送煤人 * give a child a ride on one's shoulders 让子孩骑在肩膀上. (b) (fig 比喻) a person, with regard to the responsibilities, blame, etc he must bear 有责任的或须承担责任的人: * shift the blame onto sb else's shoulders 把责任推给别人承担 * The burden of guilt has been lifted from my shoulders. 我已卸下了负疚的重担. * The duty fell upon her shoulders. 这一责任落在了她的肩上. 3 [C] part of a thing resembling a human shoulder in shape or position, eg on a bottle, tool, mountain 形状或部位似肩的部分（如瓶、 工具、 山的）. =>illus at mountain 见mountain插图. 4 (idm 习语) be/stand head and shoulders above sb/sth =>head1 a chip on one's shoulder => chip1. give sb/get the cold shoulder =>cold1. have a good head on one's shoulders =>head1. an old head on young shoulders =>old. put one's shoulder to the `wheel work hard at a task 努力工作: * Come on, everyone, shoulders to the wheel we've got a lot to do. 快, 各位, 加把劲--我们有很多事情要做. rub shoulders with sb =>rub1. ,shoulder to `shoulder (a) side by side 肩并肩:

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* soldiers standing shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩站着的士兵. (b) working, fighting, etc together; united 并肩工作、 战斗等; 团结一致: * shoulder to shoulder with one's fellow-workers in the dispute 辩论中与同事齐心协力. straight from the shoulder => straight2. 派生： shoulder v 1 [Tn] (a) put (sth) on one's shoulder(s)扛, 担, 挑, 掮（某物）: She shouldered her rucksack and set off along the road. 她背起帆布背包就上路了. (b) (fig 比喻) take (guilt, responsibility, etc) upon oneself 承担（罪责、 责任等）: shoulder the duties of chairman 负起主席的责任 * She won't shoulder all the blame for the mistake. 她不承担该过失的全部责任. 2 [Tn.pr, Tn.p] push (sb/sth) with one's shoulder 用肩顶（某人[某物]）: shoulder sb to one side 用肩膀把某人顶到一旁 * He shouldered off a defender and shot at goal. 他用肩膀挡开防守队员後射门. 3 (phr v) shoulder one's way in, through, past, etc move in the specified direction by pushing with one's shoulder(s) 用肩膀沿某方向挤出一条路: shoulder one's way into the room 用肩膀挤着进入房间 * shoulder one's way through (the crowd) 用肩膀挤着穿过人群. 复合： `shoulder-bag n bag hung over the shoulder by a long strap 背在肩上的手提包. `shoulder-blade n either of the two large flat bones at the top of the back; scapula 肩胛骨. =>illus at skeleton 见skeleton插图. `shoulder-strap n (a) narrow strip of material that goes over the shoulder to support a bra, nightdress, etc （乳罩上、 睡衣裙上及儿童服装等的）肩带. (b) narrow strap on the shoulder of a military uniform, a raincoat, an overcoat, etc （军服、 雨衣、 大衣等的）肩带.

shout
[Faut; Faut] n 1 loud call or cry 呼喊; 喊叫: * shouts of joy, alarm, excitement, etc 欢呼、 惊叫、 激动的喊叫 * Her warning shout came too late. 她发出的警告呼喊声来得太晚了. * She was greeted with shouts of `Long live the President!’ 大家欢迎她, 高呼着‘总统万岁!’ 2 (sl esp Austral or NZ 俚, 尤用於澳大利亚或新西兰) person's turn to buy drinks 轮到某人请喝饮料: * What will you have? It's my shout. 你要喝什麽? 该我请客了. 派生： shout v 1 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip, Cn.a, Dpr.f, Dpr.t no passive 不用於被动语态, Dpr.w] ~ (at/to sb); ~ (out) speak or call out in a loud voice 大声说; 喊; 呼; 叫: shout for joy 欢呼 * shout (out) in pain 痛得大叫 * We had to shout because the music was so loud. 因为音乐音量太大, 我们只好大声叫喊. * Don't shout at me! 别冲着我喊! * She shouted to me across the room. 她在房间的另一端向我喊. * She shouted herself hoarse cheering on the team. 她为该队喝采把噪子都喊哑了. * He shouted to me that the boat was sinking. 他对我大声喊叫说船要沉了. * I shouted to him to shut the gate. 我大声告诉他把门关上. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p, Tf no passive 不用於被动语态] ~ sth (at/to sb); ~ sth (out) say sth in a loud voice 大声说（某事）: I shouted (out) my name to the teacher. 我向老师大声说出我的名字. * `Go back,’ she shouted. ‘回去,’她喊道. * They shouted their disapproval, ie expressed it by shouting. 他们大声喊着反对. * She shouted that she couldn't hear properly. 她大声说她听不清楚. 2 (phr v) shout sb down shout to prevent sb from speaking 大声喊叫以阻止某人说话: The crowd shouted the speaker down. 群众高声喊叫把演讲人的声音压了下去. shouting n [U] 1 shouts 叫; 喊: [attrib 作定语] within shouting distance, ie near enough to hear sth shouted 在能听到彼此喊声的距离. 2 (idm 习语) be all over ,bar the `shouting (of a performance, contest, etc) be concluded or decided, with only the applause, the official announcement, etc to follow （指演出、 竞赛等）大局已定, 胜负已分（只剩下欢呼声、 大会正式宣布等）: Now that most of the election results have been declared, it's all over bar the shouting. 因为选举结果多已公布, 可谓大局已定.

shout1
NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Compare cry (out), shout, yell and scream. 试比较cry (out)、 shout、 yell、 scream的用法. These verbs indicate people making different kinds of noise for various reasons. 这四个动词指人们因不同原因而发出各种声音. We cry out by making a sharp noise as an automatic reaction to pain, surprise, etc *cry out指发出尖利的声音, 是痛苦、 惊讶等的自然反应: He cried out in fright as the dark figure approached. 那个黑影向他逼近, 他吓得叫了出来. We shout in anger or to get attention *shout是因愤怒或为引起注意而发出的声音: I don't like our teacher; he's always shouting at us. 我不喜欢我们的老师, 他动不动就大声说我们. * I had to shout to make myself heard. 我得大声嚷, 否则根本听不见我的声音. Yell is to make a high-pitched shout of pain, fear or excitement *yell是指因痛苦、 恐惧或激动而尖叫: We heard him yelling for help. 我们听见他高呼救命. It can also indicate loud shouting 这个词还可指大声呼喊: You don't have to yell; I can hear you. 你用不着喊, 我听得见. People scream in pain, fear or excitement. *scream指因痛苦、 恐惧或激动而喊叫. It is a very loud, high-pitched noise 这种喊叫, 声音大而尖利: The baby woke up screaming. 那婴儿醒来时尖声哭叫. These verbs can all be used instead of `say' to indicate ways of speaking 这几个动词都可用以替换say, 表示说话的方式: `Get out!’ she screamed/yelled/shouted. ‘走开!’她高声喊道. * `Who's there?’ he cried (out). ‘谁呀?’他嚷道.

shove
[FQv; FQv] v 1 [I, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] push (sb/sth) roughly 乱推, 挤, 撞（某人[某物]）: * a crowd pushing and shoving to get in 推推搡搡往里挤的人群 * Who shoved me? 谁撞我了? * He shoved her out of the way. 他把她推到了一边. * The policeman shoved me aside. 警察把我挤到一旁. 2 [Tn.pr, Tn.p] (infml 口) put (sth) casually (in a place) 随意将（某物）放在（某处）: * shove papers (away) in a drawer 把文件往抽屉里胡乱一塞 * `Where shall I put the case?’ `Shove it on top of the car.’ ‘我把箱子放在哪里?’‘先放在汽车顶上吧.’ 3 (idm 习语) put/shove/stick one's oar in =>oar. 4 (phr v) shove off (a) push a boat out onto the water away from the shore (eg by pushing the shore with a pole)将船推离岸边（如用篙撑）. (b) (infml 口) (often imperative 常用於祈使句) leave; go away 离开; 走开: * You aren't wanted here, so shove off! 这儿不需要你, 走开! shove up (infml 口) move along, esp in order to make more room 向前移动（尤指为腾出地方）: * We can get one more in if you shove up. 向前挤一挤我们还能再进一个人. 派生： shove n (usu sing 通常作单数) rough push 乱推; 挤; 撞: give sb/sth a good shove 猛推某人[某物]. 复合： shove-halfpenny[7FQv 'heipni; 5FQv'hepEni] n [U] game played in pubs, etc, in which coins are pushed with the hand along a marked board （在酒馆等玩的）推硬币游戏.

shovel
[5FQvl; 5FQvl] n 1 tool like a spade with curved edges, used for moving earth, snow, sand, etc 铲; 铁 . =>illus at spade 见spade插图. 2 part of a large earth-moving machine that scoops up earth, etc like a shovel 挖土机或推土机前的铲形部分. 派生： shovel v (-ll-; US -l-) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] lift or move (sth) with a shovel （用铲子或铁 ）铲（某物）: spend hours shovelling snow 用几个小时铲雪 * shovel sand into the hole 把沙子铲进洞里 * shovel up coal into the container 把煤铲起来放进箱子里 * (fig derog 比喻, 贬) shovelling food into their mouths （他们）把食物大块大块地塞进嘴里. 2 [Tn, Cn.a] make or clear (sth) by shovelling 铲成, 铲净（某物）: shovel a path through the snow 在雪中铲出一条路 * shovel the pavement clear of snow 把人行道上的雪铲乾净. shovelful[-ful; -ful] n amount that a shovel can hold 一铲或一 之量: * two shovelfuls of earth 两铲的土.

show
1[FEu; Fo] n 1 [C] any type of public entertainment, eg a circus, a theatre performance, or a radio or TV programme 演出; 表演; 节目: * a TV quiz show 电视上的智力竞赛节目 * a comedy show on radio 收音机里的喜剧节目 * She has her own chat show. 她有个个人漫谈节目. * The most successful shows in the London theatre are often musicals. 伦敦剧院最叫座的剧目往往是歌舞喜剧. 2 [C] public display or exhibition, eg of things in a competition, new products, etc 展览; 展览会: * a flower, horse, cattle show 花卉、 马、 牛的展览会 * the motor show, ie where new models of cars, etc are displayed汽车展览会 * the Lord Mayor's Show, ie a procession through the streets of London when a new Mayoris appointed 伦敦市长的就职游行. =>Usage at demonstration 用法见demonstration. 3 [C, U] (a) thing done to give a certain impression, often a false one; outward appearance 表面上做出的样子（常指虚伪的）; 外观: * a show of defiance, strength, friendship, sympathy 做出的蔑视、 强大、 友好、 同情的样子 * His public expressions of grief are nothing but show. 他公开表示悲痛只不过是做做样子而已. (b) splendid or pompous display 炫耀; 夸示: * a fine show of blossom on the apple trees 苹果树上盛开的花朵 * all the glitter and show of the circus 马戏团的光彩华丽的洋洋大观 * They are too fond of show, ie too ostentatious. 他们太好炫耀. 4 [C usu sing 通常作单数] (Brit infml 口) thing done or performed in a specified way 表现: * a poor show, ie sth done badly 表现不佳 * put up a good show, eg do well in examinations or a contest 表现良好. 5 [C] (infml 口) anything that is happening; organization, business or undertaking 事情; 组织; 事业; 企业: * She runs the whole show. 她负责全部业务. * Let's get this show moving, ie start work. 咱们先干起来吧. * This is the manager's show:

show1
* you must ask him about it. 这是经理的事: * 你得问他. 6 (idm 习语) for `show intended to be seen but not used 为了给人看而不是为了使用: * She only has those books for show she never reads them. 她的那些书只是装门面的--她从来不看. ,good `show! (Brit infml 口) (used to express approval or congratulation when sth has been done well 用以表示赞成或祝贺某事干得好): * You passed your exams? Good show! 你考试及格了? 好极了! on `show being displayed 在展览中; 陈列着: * All the new products were on show at the exhibition. 展览会上陈列着所有的新产品. a show of `hands raising of hands by a group of people to vote for or against sth 举手表决（赞成或反对某事）: * The issue was decided by a show of hands. 这件事是通过举手表决决定的. * Who is in favour of the proposal? Can I have a show of hands, please? 谁赞成这项建议? 请大家举手表决好吗? steal the scene/show =>steal. stop the show =>stop1. 派生： showy adj (-ier, -iest) (often derog 常作贬义) attracting attention through being bright, colourful or exaggerated 夸示的; 炫示的: a showy dress, hair-style, manner 花哨的连衣裙、 招眼的发型、 做作的态度. showily[-ili; -Eli] adv: * dress very showily 穿得十分艳丽. showiness n [U]. 复合： showbiz[5FEubiz; 5Fobiz] n [U] (infml 口) = show business. `show business business of professional entertainment,esp in the theatre, in films, in TV, etc 演艺业, 娱乐界（尤指戏剧、 电影、 电视等）: working in show business 在娱乐界工作 * [attrib 作定语] show-business people, news 娱乐界人士、 新闻. `show-case n 1 case with a glass top or sides, for displaying articles in a shop, museum, etc （商店、 博物馆等的）玻璃柜橱, 陈列橱. 2 (fig 比喻) any means of showing sth favourably 显示某事物优点的方法: The programme is a show-case for young talent. 该计画旨在展示年轻人的才华.

show2
`show-down n final test, argument or fight to settle adispute （为解决争端的）最後的较量: The two contenders for the world championship will meet for a show-down next month. 两位世界冠军竞争者将於下月一决雌雄. * Management are seeking a show-down with the unions on the issue of illegal strikes. 资方正在就非法罢工问题与工会摊牌. `showgirl n girl (usu one of a group) who sings and dances in a musical show （歌舞喜剧中的）歌舞女演员. `show-jumping n [U] sport of riding a horse to jump over barriers, fences, etc 骑马跳越障碍运动: [attrib 作定语] a show-jumping competition 骑马跳越障碍比赛. showman[-mEn; -mEn] n (pl -men[-mEn; -mEn] )1 person who organizes public entertainments, eg musicals, pop concerts, etc 演出主持人（如歌舞喜剧、 流行音乐会等的）. 2 person who is skilled in showmanship 善於引起公众注意的人: * He's always been a bit of a showman, ie fond of drawing attention to himself. 他总是爱出风头. `showmanship n [U] skill in attracting public attention, eg to sth one wishes to sell or to one's own abilities 引起大家注意的技巧（如招揽生意或展示能力）. `show-piece n thing that is an excellent example of its type and is therefore used for display 供展出的样品. `show-place n place that is attractive or interesting, eg for tourists 吸引人的或有趣的地方（如游客去处）: old castles, palaces and other show-places 古老的城堡、 皇宫以及其他游览胜地. `showroom n place where things, eg goods for sale, are put on display 商品陈列室.

shower
[5FauE(r); 5Faul] n 1 (a) brief fall of rain, sleet or hail; sudden sprinkle of water 一阵的雨、 雨夹雪或冰雹; 突然喷 的水: * be caught in a shower 遇到阵雨 * a shower of spray 一阵喷雾. (b) large number of things falling or arriving together 大量同时来到的事物: * a shower of stones, arrows, dust, ash 一阵乱石、 乱箭、 灰尘、 灰烬 * (fig 比喻) a shower of insults, blessings 一番侮辱、 祝福. 2 (a) (small room or cabinet containing a) device attached to the water supply, which produces a spray of water for washing 淋浴设备; 喷头; 淋浴室: * I'm in the shower. 我在淋浴室呢. * [attrib 作定语] a shower cap, ie for keeping the hair dry 淋浴帽（防止头发淋湿的）. (b) wash in or under this 淋浴: * take a shower 淋浴. 3 (US) party at which presents are given to a person, esp a woman about to get married or have a baby 礼物赠送会（尤指为即将结婚或分娩的女子举行的）. 派生： shower v 1 [Ipr, Ip] ~ (down) on sb/sth; ~ down fall in a shower 阵雨般地降落: Small stones showered (down) on us from above. 小石块阵雨般地落在我们身上. * Good wishes showered (down) on the bride and bridegroom. 大家纷纷向新娘新郎祝福. 2 [Tn.pr] ~ sb with sth; ~ sth on/upon sb (a) cause (a great number of things) to fall on sb 使（大量东西）落在某人身上: shower the newly-weds with confetti 向新婚夫妇撒彩色纸屑 * The falling wall showered dust on us. 墙倒了, 落了我们一身土. (b) send or give sth to sb in great numbers 给某人大量的某物: The dancer was showered with praise. 那个跳舞的人备受称赞. * shower gifts on sb 向某人赠送大量礼物 * Honours were showered upon the hero. 人们纷纷向那位英雄致敬. =>Usage at spray2 用法见spray2. showery[5FauEri; 5FauEri] adj (of the weather) with frequent showers of rain （指天气）多阵雨的: * a showery day 有阵雨的一天.

shower1
复合： `shower-proof adj (of clothing) that can keep out light rain （指衣服）防小雨的.

shown
pp of show2.

shrank
pt of shrink.

shrapnel
[5FrApnEl; 5FrApnEl] n [U] small fragments of metal encased in a shell and scattered when the shell explodes 榴霰弹: * be hit by (a piece of) shrapnel 被榴霰弹（弹片）击中.

shred
[Fred; Fred] n 1 (esp pl 尤作复数) strip or piece torn, cut or scraped from sth （撕下、 切下或刮下的）细条, 碎片: * The jacket was torn to shreds by the barbed wire. 那件甲克让铁丝网给挂碎了. 2 ~ of sth (usu sing, in questions and negative sentences 通常作单数, 用於疑问句与否定句中) (fig 比喻) small amount of sth 少量: * not a shred of truth in what she says 她说的没有一点实话 * Can they find a shred of evidence against me? 他们能找到丝毫不利於我的证据来吗? > shred v (-dd-) [Tn] tear, cut, etc (sth) into shreds 将（某物）撕成细条、 切成碎片等: * shredded cabbage 切成丝的洋白菜 * shredding top-secret documents 用碎纸机切碎绝密文件. shredder n device that shreds, esp one that cuts documents into very small pieces so that they cannot be read 切碎机; （尤指用以销毁文件的）碎纸机.

shrew
[Fru:; Fru] n 1 small mouse-like animal that feeds on insects （似鼠的小动物, 以昆虫为食）. 2 (dated 旧) bad-tempered scolding woman 脾气坏而好骂人的女子. 派生： shrewish adj bad-tempered; scolding 脾气坏的; 爱骂人的. shrewishly adv. shrewishness n [U].

shrewd
[Fru:d; Frud] adj (-er, -est) having or showing good judgement and common sense; astute 有准确判断力和常识的; 精明的; 敏锐的: * a shrewd financier, dealer, politician, etc 精明的金融家、 商人、 政治家等 * a shrewd argument, plan, measure, investment 高明的论点、 计画、 措施、 投资 * make a shrewd guess, ie one that is likely to be right 猜得相当准. > shrewdly adv. shrewdness n [U].

shriek
[Fri:k; Frik] v (a) [Ipr, Ip] ~ with sth; ~ (out) utter a shrill scream 尖叫: * shrieking with laughter, excitement 尖声大笑、 激动的尖叫 * shriek (out) in fright 吓得尖叫起来. (b) [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (out) utter sth with a shrill scream 尖声说出: * shriek (out) a warning 尖声警告 * `I hate you,’ he shrieked. ‘我讨厌你,’他尖声叫道. 派生： shriek n shrill scream 尖叫声: shrieks of laughter 尖利的笑声 * He gave a loud shriek and dropped the pan. 他尖叫了一声就把锅扔下了.

shrift
[Frift; Frift] n (idm 习语) give sb/sth/get short shrift =>short1.

shrike
[Fraik; Fraik] n bird with a strong hooked bill which often impales its prey (small birds and insects) on thorns 伯劳（鸟, 喙弯而坚, 常将捕捉的小鸟和昆虫穿挂在荆刺上）.

shrill
[Fril; Fril] adj 1 (-er, -est) (of sounds, voices, etc) high-pitched; piercing; sharp （指声响、 嗓音等）高声调的, 尖锐的, 刺耳的: * a shrill cry, whistle 尖叫声、 刺耳的汽笛声 * the shrill call of the parrot 鹦鹉的尖叫声.2 (fig sometimes derog 比喻, 有时作贬义) making loud, persistent and forceful complaints, demands, etc 大声、 执着、 强烈地提出申诉、 要求等的: * his shrill protests about cruelty 他大声疾呼反对残酷行为 *The Opposition were shrill in their criticism of the Government's action. 反对党声嘶力竭地抨击政府的措施. > shrilly[5Frili; 5Frili] adv: * scream shrilly 高声叫喊 * complain shrilly in a letter 在信中笔锋尖利地表示不满. shrillness n [U].

shrimp
[Frimp; Frimp] n 1 small marine shellfish that is used for food, becoming pink when boiled 小虾. =>illus at shellfish 见shellfish插图. 2 (joc or derog 谑或贬) very small person 矮小的人: * a pale, skinny shrimp 面黄肌瘦的小个子. 派生： shrimp v [I] (usu 通常作 go shrimping) try to catch shrimps 去捉小虾.

shrine
[Frain; Frain] n 1 any place that is regarded as holy because of its associations with a special person or event 神圣的地方或处所; 圣地; 圣坛; 圣祠; 神龛: * He built a chapel as a shrine to the memory of his dead wife. 他建了一座小教堂作为悼念亡妻的圣所. * (fig 比喻) Wimbledon is a shrine for all lovers of tennis. 温布尔登是所有网球爱好者的圣地. 2 tomb or container in which holy relics are kept 圣陵; 圣骨匣.

shrink
[FriNk; FriNk] v (pt shrank/FrANk; FrANk] or shrunk/FrQNk; FrQNk] , pp shrunk) 1 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become smaller, esp because of moisture or heat or cold （使某物）收缩（尤指因受潮、 受热或受凉所致）; 萎缩: * Will this shirt shrink in the wash? 这件衬衫洗後缩水吗? * The dough shrank slowly in the cold air. 面团在冷空气中慢慢收缩了. * Car sales have been shrinking (ie Fewer have been sold) recently. 汽车销量近来一直在下降. * The hot water shrank my pullover. 我的套头毛衣遇热水後收缩了. 2 (idm 习语) a ,shrinking `violet (joc 谑) timid or shy person 胆小的或怕羞的人: * She's no shrinking violet always ready to speak up for herself. 她可不胆小--任何场合都能为自己说话. 3 (phr v) shrink (away/back) from sth/sb move back or withdraw from sth/sb, esp through fear or disgust 退缩;畏缩: * As he moved threateningly forward she shrank (back) from him. 他步步逼近, 把她吓得直（向後）退缩. shrink from sth/doing sth be reluctant to do sth 不愿做某事: * He shrinks from hurting animals. 他很怕伤害了动物. 派生： shrink n (sl joc 俚, 谑 esp US) psychiatrist 精神科医生; 精神病学家. shrinkage[5FriNkidV; 5FriNkidV] n [U] process of shrinking; amount by which sth shrinks 收缩过程; 收缩量; 收缩程度: * You can expect some shrinkage when the jeans are washed. 这种牛仔裤洗後要缩些水. * There has been some shrinkage in our export trade. 我们的出口贸易已有些萎缩. shrunken[5FrQNkEn; 5FrQNkEn] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] having shrunk 萎缩的; 收缩的: * an old, shrunken apple 因放久而蔫了的苹果 * the shrunken body of a starving child 孩子饿瘦的身体. 复合： ,shrink-`wrap v (-pp-) [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] wrap (eg food) in plastic film that shrinks tightly round it 用收缩性塑料薄膜包装（如食物）: ,shrink-wrapped `cheese 用收缩塑料薄膜包装的乾酪.

shrive
[Fraiv; Fraiv] v (pt shrived or shrove/FrEuv; Frov] ,pp shrived or shriven[5Frivn; 5FrivEn] ) [Tn] (arch 古) (of a priest) hear (sb) confess his sins and forgive him for them （指教士）听（某人）忏悔并赦其罪.

shrivel
[5Frivl; 5Frivl] v (-ll-; US -l-) [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (up) (cause sth to) shrink and wrinkle from heat, cold or dryness （使某物）蔫, 萎缩, 枯萎（因热、 冷或乾所致）: * The leaves shrivelled (up) in the sun. 叶子在阳光下都蔫了. * The dry air shrivels the leather. 因空气乾燥, 皮子已起皱了. * He has a shrivelled face, ie with many wrinkles. 他脸上有很多皱纹.

shroud
[Fraud; Fraud] n 1 (also `winding-sheet) [C] cloth or sheet in which a dead person is wrapped for burial 裹 布; 寿衣. 2 [C] ~ (of sth) (fig 比喻) thing that covers and hides 覆盖物; 遮蔽物: * a shroud of fog, smoke, etc 一片浓雾、 烟雾等 * cloaked in a shroud of mystery/secrecy 笼罩在神秘的[秘密的]气氛中. 3 shrouds [pl] ropes supporting a ship's masts 支桅索. 派生： shroud v [Tn.pr esp passive 尤用於被动语态] ~ sth in sth cover or hide sth with sth 用某物覆盖或遮蔽他物: shrouded in darkness, mist, etc 笼罩在黑暗、 雾霭等中 * a crime shrouded in mystery 笼罩在神秘气氛中的罪案.

Shrove Tuesday
[ 9FrEUv 5tju:zdI, -deI; ?@ 5tu:z-; `Frov`tuzdI, -de] day before the beginning of Lent, on which people were often shriven 忏悔节（大斋首日的前一天, 人们曾常在此日忏悔请求赦罪）. Cf 参看 Ash Wednesday (ash2).

shrub
[FrQb; FrQb] n plant with a woody stem, lower than a tree and often having smaller stems branching off near the ground （有一个主茎的）灌木: * [attrib 作定语] shrub roses 灌木蔷薇. Cf 参看 bush > shrubbery[5FrQbEri;'FrQbEri] n [C, U] area planted with shrubs 灌木丛: * plant a shrubbery 栽种灌木林 * hiding in some shrubbery 藏在灌木丛中.

shrug
[FrQg; FrQg] v (-gg-) 1 [I, Tn] raise (one's shoulders) slightly to express doubt, indifference, ignorance, etc 耸（肩）（以示怀疑、 与己无关、 不知道等）: * I asked her where Sam was, but she just shrugged (her shoulders), ie to show she didn't know or didn't care. 我问她萨姆在哪儿, 她只是耸了耸肩（表示不知道或与己无关）. 2 (phr v) shrug sth off dismiss sth as being unimportant （认为某事物不重要）不予理会: * I admire the way she is able to shrug off unfair criticism. 我很佩服她能对错误的批评意见不予理会. 派生： shrug n (usu sing 通常作单数) movement of shrugging the shoulders 耸肩: with a shrug of the shoulders 耸耸肩 * She gave a shrug and walked away. 她耸了耸肩就走开了.

shrunk, shrunken
=>shrink.

shuck
[FQk; FQk] n (US) 1 [C] outer covering of a nut, etc; shell; husk （坚果等的）外壳; 荚; 外皮. 2 shucks [pl] thing of little value 没什麽价值的东西: * not worth shucks 没有价值. 派生： shuck v [Tn] (US) remove the shucks from (sth); shell 剥去（某物）的壳; 去荚: shuck peanuts, maize, peas 剥花生、 玉米、 豆. shucks interj (US infml 口) (used to express annoyance, regret, embarrassment, etc 用以表示恼怒、 悔恨、 尴尬等).

shudder
[5FQdE(r); 5FQdl] v (a) [I, Ipr, It] ~ (with sth) shiver violently with cold, fear, etc; tremble （因寒冷、 恐惧等）发抖, 战栗: * shudder with pleasure in a hot bath 洗热水澡时舒适得抖动起来 * shudder (with horror) at the sight of blood 看到血（吓得）发抖 * I shudder to think of the problems ahead of us. 我想到摆在面前的问题就不寒而栗. (b) [I] make a strong shaking movement; vibrate 剧烈地摇晃、 摆动; 震动: * The ship shuddered as it hit the rocks. 船撞到礁石上剧烈地摇晃起来. 派生： shudder n shuddering movement 战栗; 发抖; 摆动; 震动: A shudder of fear ran through him. 他吓得浑身哆嗦. * (infml 口) It gives me the shudders, ie terrifies me 我害怕极了.

shuffle
[5FQfl; 5FQfl] v 1 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip] walk without lifting the feet completely clear of the ground 拖着脚步走: * Walk properly don't shuffle. 好好走路--脚别蹭地. * The prisoners shuffled along the corridor and into their cells. 囚犯们沿着走廊拖着脚步进入牢房. * The queue shuffled forward slowly. 排长队的人拖着脚步往前蹭. (b) [I, Tn] change one's position or move (one's feet) about while standing or sitting, because of nervousness, boredom, etc （因紧张、 厌烦等）站着或坐着时改变位置或移动（双足）: * The audience began to shuffle (their feet) impatiently. 观众已经不耐烦了, 渐渐跺起脚来. =>Usage 见所附用法. 2 (a) [I, Tn, Tn.p] slide (playing-cards) over one another to change their order 洗（纸牌）: * Who is going to shuffle? 谁洗牌? * She shuffled the pack (up). 她把牌洗好了. (b) [Tn, Tn.p] move (papers, etc) around to different positions 将（文件等）移来移去: * He shuffled the papers (around) on the desk, pretending to be busy. 他胡乱翻动桌上文件, 装出很忙的样子. 3 [I] behave as if one is being dishonest, or avoiding responsibility, etc; avoid being definite 显得不诚实或逃避责任等; 闪烁其辞: * Don't shuffle: * give us a clear answer. 别躲躲闪闪的: * 给我们一个明确的答覆. 4 (phr v) shuffle sth off (onto sb); shuffle out of sth avoid doing (what one ought to do) 推卸（应做的事）: * He tries to shuffle his work off onto others. 他想把工作推给别人. * She shuffled out of the chores by saying she felt ill. 她说她有病, 把杂事都推掉了. 派生： shuffle n (usu sing 通常作单数) 1 shuffling walk or movement 拖着脚步走或移动（的姿态）: walk with an exhausted shuffle 拖着疲惫不堪的脚步走. 2 act of shuffling playing-cards 洗牌: give the pack a good shuffle 把牌好好洗一下. 3 rearrangement; reordering 重新安排; 重新组合: a shuffle in the Cabinet, ie reallocating responsibilities among its members, etc 内阁改组. shuffler[5FQflE(r); 5FQfll]

shuffle1
n. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: There are a number of verbs which describe abnormal ways of walking. 有几个动词可用以表示不正常的行走方式. Shuffle and shamble indicate moving without lifting the feet completely off the ground. *shuffle和shamble均指行走时脚不完全离开地面. Shuffle suggests a slow, tired movement; shamble may be faster and more careless *shuffle指缓慢的、 疲惫的步子, 而shamble则可来得较快也较随便: The queue of prisoners shuffled towards the door. 那队囚犯拖着沉重的步子向门口蹭去. * The beggar shambled past us. 那个乞丐脚蹭着地从我们身旁走过.Stagger and stumble suggest unsteady or uncontrolledmovement. *stagger和stumble均指不稳的或身不由己的动作. A person staggers when carrying a heavy load or when drunk. 身负重物的人或喝醉的人走起路来即为stagger. We stumble when we hit our feet against unseen objects. 因未见到地上的物体, 不留心用脚碰到即为stumble. Waddle is used humorously to describe someone swaying from side to side like a duck because of fatness or while carrying heavy bags. *waddle的词义很幽默, 指因肥胖或因负重走起路来一摇一摆像鸭子似的. Hobble and limp describe the uneven movement of someone whose legs are injured. *hobble和limp均指腿受伤时不平稳的步子. Limp is used especially when only one leg is damaged or stiff. *limp专用以指单腿受伤或强直.

shufty
(also shufti)[5Fufti; 5Fufti] n (idm 习语) take/have a shufty (at sth/sb) (dated Brit sl 旧, 俚) have a look (at sb/sth) （朝某人[某物]）看一眼: * Take a shufty at this box and tell me if it's big enough. 看一下这个盒子, 告诉我够大不够大.

shun
[FQn; FQn] v (-nn-) [Tn, Tg] keep away from (sth/sb); avoid 避开, 回避（某事物[某人]）; 避免: * shun temptation, publicity, other people 避开诱惑、 避免出风头、 躲避别人 * She shuns being photographed. 她不愿别人给她照相.

shunt
[FQnt; FQnt] v 1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] move (a railway locomotive, wagons, etc) from one track to another 使（火车头、 货车等）转轨、 调轨: * shunting a train into a siding 把火车开到岔轨上. (b) [I, Ipr, Ip] (of a train) be shunted （指火车）转轨, 调轨. 2 (fig infml 比喻, 口) (a) [Tn.pr, Tn.p] move sb/sth to a different (often less important) place 将（某人[某事物]）转至另一（常指次要）地方: * She's been shunted off to an office in the annexe. 她已调到附属建 的办事处去了. * The luggage was shunted slowly into the lift. 已把行李慢慢移进电梯里. (b) [Tn.pr] change the direction or course of (sth); divert 改变（某事物）的方向或路线; 转移: * shunt the conversation towards more pleasant topics 转换话题谈些愉快的事.

shush
[FuF; FQF] interj be silent!; hush! 安静! ; 嘘! 派生： shush v [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sb (up) tell sb to be silent 让某人安静.

shut
[FQt; FQt] v (-tt-, pt, pp shut) 1 (a) [Tn] move (a door, lid, window, etc) into a position where it blocks an opening 关上（门、 盖子、 窗户等）: * shut the doors and windows at night 夜晚把门窗都关上 * shut the drawer 关上抽屉 * I can't shut the suitcase lid when it's so full. 衣箱装得很满, 我盖不上盖子了. * He shut the door on her/in her face, ie wouldn't let her in. 他把她关在门外了. (b) [I] (of a door, etc) move or be able to be moved into such a position （指门等）关上, 能关闭: * The window won't shut. 这窗户关不上. * The supermarket doors shut automatically. 超级市场的门是自动关的. 2 (a) [Tn] cause (sth open) to close; close the door, lid, etc of (sth) 使（开着的东西）关上; 关上（某物）的门、 盖等: * shut one's eyes/mouth 合上眼睛[嘴] * I can't shut my briefcase. 我关不上公事包. * The cashier shut the till and locked it. 出纳员把钱柜关好并锁上了. (b) [I] (esp of the eyes or mouth) close （尤指眼睛或嘴）闭上, 合上: * His eyes shut and he fell asleep. 他合上眼睛睡着了. * Her mouth opened and shut, but no sound came out. 她的嘴张开又闭上了, 没有发出声音. 3 [Tn] fold together (sth that opens out) 合拢（打开着的东西）; 摺起: * shut a book, wallet, penknife 合上书、 钱夹、 摺刀. 4 [I, Tn] (cause a business, etc to) stop functioning, esp temporarily （使公司等）停止营业（尤指暂时的）: * It's time to shut the shop. 商店该关门了. * When do the pubs shut? 酒馆什麽时候关门? =>Usage at close4 用法见close4. 5 (idm 习语) keep one's mouth shut =>mouth 1. shut/slam the door in sb's face =>door. shut the door on sth refuse to consider sth 拒不考虑某事物: * The union accused the management of closing the door on further negotiation. 工会指责资方拒绝进一步谈判. shut one's ears to sth/sb refuse to listen to sth/sb 拒不听某事[某人的话]:

shut1
* I begged her for help but she shut her ears to all my appeals. 我恳求她帮忙, 但她完全不理睬我的请求. shut/close one's eyes to sth =>eye1. shut one's `mouth/`face (sl 俚) (esp imperative 尤用於祈使句) be silent 要安静: * Shut your mouth, nobody asked you! 闭上你的嘴, 没人要你说话! shut sb's `mouth (infml 口) prevent sb from speaking, revealing secrets, etc 防止某人说话、 露机密等. shut up `shop close one's business, stop trading, etc 停业; 关张: * I've lost so much money this year that I'm being forced to shut up shop. 我今年赔了很多钱, 只好关门了. with one's eyes shut/closed =>eye1. 6 (phr v) shut sb/sth away put sb/sth in an enclosed place or away from others 将某人[某事物]置於封闭的范围内或隔离开: * shut the letters away where no one will find them 把信放在谁也找不到的地方 * I hate being shut away in the country. 我很不喜欢住在闭塞的乡村. shut (sth) down (cause a factory, etc to) stop working; close （使工厂等）停工, 歇业, 关闭: The workshop has shut down and the workers are unemployed. 工厂关闭後工人失业了. * They've shut down their factory. 他们把工厂关闭了. shut sb/oneself in (sth) prevent sb/oneself from getting out of (a place) 将某人[自己]关在（某处）: She shuts herself in her study for hours. 她一个人关在书房里一呆就是几个小时. * We're shut in (ie surrounded) by the hills here. 我们处在群山环抱之中. shut sth in sth trap or pinch sth by closing sth 关闭某物时夹住、 卡住、 挤住...某物: I shut my finger in the car door, ie between the door and the door-pillar. 我的手指让汽车门给夹住了. shut sth off stop the supply or flow of (eg gas, steam, water) 停止供应（煤气、 蒸气、 水）: You must shut the gas supply off if there's a leak. 煤气泄漏时, 必须把截门关上. shut sb/sth off (from sth) keep sb/sth away from sth 将某人[某物]与他物分开或隔开: His deafness shuts him off from the lives of others. 他耳聋阻碍了他与别人的交往.

shut2
* The village is shut off from the world by lakes and marshes. 这个村子周围有湖泊与沼泽地, 隔断了与外界的联系. shut sb/sth out (of sth) keep sb/sth out; exclude sb/sth; block sb/sth 将某人[某物]关在外面; 排除; 遮住: The government wants to shut the refugees out. 政府不愿接收难民. * These trees shut out the view. 这些树把景色遮住了. * He tried to shut all thoughts of her out of his mind. 他尽力不再想与她有关的任何事情. shut (sb) up (infml 口) (cause sb to) stop talking （使某人）不再谈话: Oh, shut up, you fool! 喂, 住嘴, 你这个傻瓜! * Tell her to shut up. 叫她不要再说了. * Can't you shut him up? 你能不能叫他别再说了? shut sth up close all the doors and windows of (a house, etc) 将（房子等）的所有门窗都关上: We shut up the house before going on holiday. 我们去度假之前把所有门窗都关好了. shut sb/sth up (in sth) confine sb; put sth away 将某人关在（某处）; 将某物藏在（某处）: We shut him up in his room. 我们把他关在他的房间里. * Shut the jewels up in the safe. 把这些宝石藏在保险箱里. 复合： `shut-down n process of closing a factory, etc, either temporarily or permanently （工厂等的）关闭（临时或永久的）: strikes causing shut-downs in the steel industry 造成钢铁工业中一些企业倒闭的罢工. `shut-eye n [U] (infml 口) sleep 睡觉: get a bit of shut-eye 睡一会儿觉.

shutter
[5FQtE(r); 5FQtl] n 1 movable panel or screen that can be closed over a window to keep out light or thieves 活动的窗板或窗 ; 百叶窗; 遮板: * The shop-front is fitted with rolling shutters. 那商店的店面装有卷动门 . 2 device that opens to allow light to come through the lens of a camera （照相机镜头的）快门. 3 (idm 习语) put up the `shutters (infml 口) stop doing business at the end of the day or permanently 停止营业（一日结束时的或永久性的）: * After managing the shop for thirty years she decided it was time to put up the shutters. 她经营这个商店已叁十年了, 认为应该停业了. 派生： shutter v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] close the shutters of (a building); provide with shutters 关闭（建 物）的窗板; 装上窗板: The house was empty and shuttered. 这所房子是空的, 窗板都关上了.

shuttle
[5FQtl; 5FQtl] n 1 (a) (in a loom) instrument that pulls the thread of weft between the threads of warp （织机的）梭, 梭子. (b) (in a sewing-machine) holder that carries the lower thread to meet the upper thread to make a stitch （缝纫机的）滑梭, 摆梭. 2 aircraft, bus, etc that travels regularly between two places 穿梭班机、 公共汽车等（定时往返两地的）: * I'm flying to Boston on the shuttle. 我将乘穿梭班机去波士顿. 3 (infml 口) = shuttlecock. 派生： shuttle v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) move or travel backwards and forwards, or to and fro （使某物）穿梭般往返移动. 复合： `shuttlecock n round piece of cork, etc with a ring of feathers or of a light synthetic material attached, struck to and fro in badminton 羽毛球. ,shuttle di`plomacy diplomacy that requires the diplomat(s) to travel to and fro between the two groups involved 穿梭外交. `shuttle service service of buses, aircraft, etc travelling regularly between two places 穿梭业务, 穿梭营运（公共汽车、 飞机等往返於两地之间的定期班次）.

shy
1[Fai; Fai] adj (shyer, shyest) 1 (a) (of people) timid and nervous in the presence of others; reserved （指人）羞怯的, 腆的: * He was too shy to speak to her. 他很怕羞, 连话都不敢跟她说. * The child isn't at all shy with adults. 这小孩在大人面前一点也不羞怯. (b) (of behaviour, etc) showing that one is timid, reserved, etc （指行为等）羞怯的, 腆的: * a shy look, smile, etc 羞怯的表情、 微笑等. 2 (of animals, birds, etc) unwilling to be seen by or be near to humans; easily frightened （指鸟兽等）不愿近人的, 易受惊的, 胆怯的. 3 ~ of sb/doing sth wary or afraid of (a person or an action) 对（某人或某行为）存戒心的或有顾忌的: * The dog is shy of strangers. 这狗怕生人. * I'm shy of buying shares, in case I lose money. 我不敢买股票, 怕赔钱. 4 ~ (on/of sth/sb) (US infml 口) short of or lacking sth/sb 短、 少或缺某事物[某人]: * We've plenty of wine, but we're shy on beer. 我们有很多葡萄酒, 但啤酒不够. * We are still two men shy (of a full team). 我们还少两个人（才能凑成一个队）. 5 (idm 习语) fight shy of sb/sth =>fight1. once bitten, twice shy => bite1. 派生： shy v (pt, pp shied/Faid; Faid] ) 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (at sth) (of a horse) turn aside or hold back in fear or alarm （指马）受惊, 惊: * The colt shied at the fence and refused to jump over it. 这马驹到障碍物前害怕不敢跳过去. 2 (phr v) shy away from sth/doing sth avoid or move away from (doing) sth because of shyness, fear, etc （因害羞、 恐惧等）避免或逃避（做某事）: * I've always shied away from close friendships. 我总是避免与人深交. -shy (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) avoiding or not liking the thing specified 避开或厌恶某事物的: `camera-shy, ie reluctant to be photographed * a pub,licity-shy poli`tician * You've been `work-shy all your life. 你这辈子就是不喜欢工作. shyly adv. shyness n [U].

shyster
[5FaistE(r); 5Faistl] n (infml 口 esp US) unscrupulous and dishonest person, esp a lawyer 不道德、 不诚实的人（尤指律师）: * [attrib 作定语] shyster politicians 奸诈的政客.

SI
[7es 'ai; 7es 'ai] abbr 缩写 = International System (of units of measurement) (French Systeme International) 国际单位制（源自法文Systeme International）: * SI units 国际单位.

Siamese
[7saiE'mi:z; 7saiE'miz] adj of Siam (now called Thailand), its people or its language 暹罗（现称泰国）的; 暹罗人的; 暹罗语的. 派生： Siamese n 1 (a) [C] (pl unchanged 复数不变) native of Siam 暹罗人. (b) [U] language of Siam 暹罗语. 2 [C] (pl unchanged 复数不变) = Siamese cat. 复合： ,Siamese `cat cat of an oriental breed having short pale fur with darker face, ears, tail and feet 暹罗猫. ,Siamese `twins twins born with their bodies joined together in some way 连体双胞胎.

sibilant
[5sibilEnt; 5siblEnt] adj like or produced with a hissing sound （似）发醚醚声的: * the sibilant noise of steam escaping 蒸气逸出时发出的醚醚声. 派生： sibilant n sibilant letter or speech-sound, eg / s, z, F, V, tF, dV/ 发醚音的字母或语音（如/s/、 /z/、 /F/、 /V/、/tF/、 /dV/）.

sibling
[5sibliN; 5sibliN] n (fml 文) any one of two or more people with the same parents; brother or sister 兄弟姊妹: * I have two brothers and a sister: * three siblings in all. 我有两个哥哥和一个妹妹: * 共有叁个兄妹. * [attrib 作定语] sibling rivalry 同胞兄弟姊妹间的竞争.

sibyl
[5sibl; 5sibl] n any of a group of women in the ancient world thought to be able to foresee the future （古代的）女预言家. 派生： sibylline/ 5sIbElaIn, sI5bIlaIn or, rarely, ?@ 罕, 美亦读作 5sIbEli:n; `sIbl9in] adj spoken by or characteristic of a sibyl; mysteriously prophetic 女预言家（所言）的; 神秘预言的: * a sibylline utterance 女预言家的预言.

sic
[sik; sik] adv (placed in brackets after a quoted word or phrase that seems to be or is incorrect, in order to show that it is quoted accurately 置於括号中, 表示前面引文非笔者之误): * The notice read: * `Skool (sic) starts at 9 am.’ 布告上写的是: * `Skool（原文如此）starts at 9 am.’

sick
[sik; sik] adj (-er, -est) 1 physically or mentally unwell; ill （身体或精神）不适; 患病的: * a sick person, animal, plant 患病的人、 动物、 植物 * She has been sick for weeks. 她已病了好几个星期了. * He's off (work) sick. 他因病而未上班. 2 [usu pred 通常作表语] likely to vomit; nauseous 作呕; 恶心: * feeling sick 觉得恶心 * a sick feeling in the stomach 胃里恶心的感觉 * You'll make yourself sick if you eat all those sweets. 要是你把这些糖都吃下去就要恶心. =>Usage 见所附用法. 3 [pred 作表语] ~ of sb/sth/doing sth (infml 口) bored with sb/sth; not liking sb/sth through having had too much of him/it 厌倦或腻烦某人[某事物]: * I'm sick of waiting around like this. 我腻烦像这样在一旁等着. * She has had the same job for years and is heartily sick of it. 她做这一工作已多年, 因此从心底里感到厌烦. * Get out! I'm sick of the sight of you! 滚出去! 一见到你我就觉得讨厌! 4 [pred 作表语] ~ (at/about sth/doing sth) distressed or disgusted 苦恼; 憎恶: * We were pretty sick about losing the match. 我们比赛输了感到很恼火. 5 (infml 口) cruel, morbid or perverted; offensive 残酷的; 病态的; 反常的; 讨厌的: * a sick joke, mind 可怖的笑话、 病态的心理 * sick humour 残酷的幽默 * She made a sick remark about dead babies. 关於那些死的婴儿, 她说了些令人反感的话. 6 (idm 习语) be `sick throw up food from the stomach; vomit 呕吐: * The cat's been sick on the carpet. 猫在地毯上吐了. eat oneself sick =>eat. fall sick (with sth); (fml 文) take `sick become ill 生病: * He fell sick with malaria on a trip to Africa. 他在去非洲时患了疟疾. laugh oneself silly/sick =>laugh. make sb `sick outrage or disgust sb 使某人愤慨或厌恶: * His hypocrisy makes me sick. 我很讨厌他那麽虚伪. * It makes me sick to see her being treated so badly. 我看到她受到这样虐待非常愤怒. on the `sick-list (infml 口) sick and absent from work, duty, etc 因病缺勤或缺席:

sick1
* She's not at her desk today: * she's on the sick-list. 她今天没上班: * 因病缺勤. (as) sick as a parrot (Brit joc catchphrase 谑, 警语) disgusted 憎恶的. sick at `heart (fml 文) full of disappointment, fear or grief; unhappy 极为失望、 恐惧或悲伤; 感到不快: * She left her home reluctantly and sick at heart. 她依依不舍地离开了家, 心情很沉重. sick to death of/sick and tired of sb/sth (infml 口) wearied, bored or annoyed by sb/sth; fed up with sb/sth （因某人[某事物]）厌倦, 厌恶; 厌烦某人[某事物]: sick to death of eating boiled cabbage with every meal 顿顿都吃煮洋白菜, 腻死了 * I'm sick and tired of your constant complaints. 我厌烦你没完没了的抱怨. sick to one's `stomach (US) outraged or disgusted 愤慨的; 厌恶的. 派生： sick n 1 [U] (infml 口) vomit 呕吐物: The basin was full of sick. 盆里全是吐的东西. 2 the sick [pl v] people who are ill 病人; 患者: all the sick and wounded 所有的病人和伤者 * visit the sick in hospital 看望住院的病人. sick v (phr v) sick sth up (infml 口) throw (food) up from the stomach; vomit sth 吐出（食物）; 呕吐某物: The baby sicked up a little milk. 婴儿吐出了一点奶. -sick (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) feeling sick(2) as a result of travelling on a ship, plane, etc 晕船、 晕飞机等: `seasick * `airsick * `travel-sick * `carsick. 复合： `sick-bay n room or rooms in a ship, boarding-school, etc for people who are ill （船上、 寄宿学校等的）病室. `sick-bed n bed of a person who is ill 病床: lying pale on his sick-bed （他）躺在病床上, 面色苍白 * The President left his sick-bed to attend the ceremony, ie attended it although he was ill. 总统带病参加了典礼. `sick-leave n [U] permission to be absent from work, duty, etc because of illness; period of such absence 病假: be granted sick-leave 准予休病假

sick2
* two weeks' sick-leave 两周病假. `sick-pay n [U] pay given to an employee who is absent because of illness 病假工资. `sick-room n room that is occupied by or kept ready for sb who is ill 病室: You should go to the sick-room if you're not feeling well. 要是觉得不舒服就应该到病室里去休息. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: 1 (Be) sick in informal British English means `bring food up from the stomach' (US vomit) 在英式英语的口语中, (be) sick意为‘呕吐’（美式英语中用vomit）: Johnny's been sick again should we call the doctor? 约翰尼又吐了--我们应该请医生来吗? * Do you get seasick/airsick? 你晕船[晕机]吗? * I feel sick I think it was that fish I ate. 我很恶心--大概是吃那鱼的缘故. Sick in British English is used only before a noun when it means `ill' 在英式英语中, sick只有用在名词前时才作ill解: a sick child 患病的孩子 * He's looking after his sick mother. 他正在看护生病的母亲. 2 Sick in US English and ill in British English mean `not well' or `in bad health', usually as a result of a disease 美式英语中的sick和英式英语中的ill均指‘不适’或‘身体不好’, 通常指因疾病引起的: I've been too sick/ill to go to work for the last few months. 我近几个月身体不好没上班. 3 Poorly (informal British English) means `ill'. *poorly（在英式英语的口语中）意为ill. *It is often used of or by children 这个词常用於儿童或是儿童经常使用: My daughter's a bit poorly today, so she didn't go to school. 我女儿今天有点不舒服, 所以她没去上学.

sicken
[5sikEn; 5sikEn] v 1 [Tn] cause (sb) to feel disgusted 使（某人）感到厌恶或恶心: * Cruelty sickens most of us. 我们大多数人都对残暴行为十分愤慨. * Their business methods sicken me. 我很讨厌他们做生意的手法. * I was sickened at/by the sight of the dead body. 我看到那死 感到很恶心. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (for sth) (Brit) begin to be ill; become ill 生病; 患病: * slowly sickened and died 慢慢病死了 * She looks so pale. Is she sickening for something? 她气色很不好. 是不是得了什麽病了? 3 (phr v) sicken of sth (fml 文) become weary of or disgusted with sth 厌倦或厌恶某事物: * I began to sicken of the endless violence shown on television. 我逐渐对电视上无尽无休的暴力镜头感到厌恶. 派生： sickening adj disgusting 令人厌恶的: a sickening sight, smell 令人厌恶的场面、 气味 * sickening cruelty 令人憎恶的残酷行为 * The car hit the tree with a sickening crash. 那辆汽车撞在树上发出让人难受的撞击声. sickeningly adv.

sickle
[5sikl; 5sikl] n short-handled tool with a curved blade for cutting grass, corn, etc 镰刀. Cf 参看 scythe. 复合： ,sickle `cell sickle-shaped red blood-corpuscle found esp in a severe type of hereditary anaemia 镰形红细胞.

sickly
[5sikli; 5sikli] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 often ill 常病的: * a sickly child 多病的孩子. 2 looking unhealthy 不健康的: * sickly, dried-out plants 长势不好、 枯槁的植物 * a pale, sickly complexion 苍白的病容 * He looked weak and sickly. 他看上去虚弱有病态. 3 [usu attrib 通常作定语] expressing unhappiness; weak; faint 显示不愉快的; 虚弱的; 无力的: * a sickly smile, look 苦笑、 苦相. 4 causing or likely to cause a feeling of sickness or distaste 令人作呕的; 令人厌恶的: * a sickly smell, taste, etc 令人作呕的气味、 味道等 * a sickly green colour 令人生厌的绿色 * (fig 比喻) a sickly, sentimental story 无病呻吟的伤感故事.

sickness
[5siknis; 5siknis] n [U] 1 illness; ill health 疾病; 患病; 不健康: * Is there much sickness in the village now? 这村庄现在患病的多吗? * They were absent because of sickness. 他们因病缺席. 2 [U, C usu sing 作不可数名词或可数名词, 後者通常作单数] particular type of illness or disease 病; 疾病: * sleeping sickness 昏睡病 * suffering from altitude sickness 患高空病 * air-/sea-/travel-/car-sickness 晕机[晕船/晕（机、 船、 车等）/晕车] * a sickness common in the tropics 热带常见病. 3 [U] feeling that one is likely to vomit; vomiting 作呕; 呕吐: * The sickness passed after I lay down for a while. 我躺下一会後就不恶心了. * The symptoms of this disease are fever and sickness. 这种病的症状是发烧与呕吐. 复合： `sickness benefit (Brit) money paid by the State to sb who is absent from work because of illness 病假补助（政府付给生病员工的钱）: entitled to sickness benefit 享受病假补助.

side
1[said; said] n 1 [C] (a) any of the flat or nearly flat surfaces of a solid object （固体的平的或近似平的）面: * the six sides of a cube 立方体的六个面. (b) any of the surfaces that is not the top or bottom 侧面（不包括顶面或底面）: * A box has a top, a bottom and four sides. 盒子有顶面、 底面和四个侧面. (c) any of the surfaces that is not the top or bottom, front or back 侧面（不包括顶面、 底面、 前面或後面）: * There is a garage built onto the side of the house. 这所房子的一侧建有一个车库. * [attrib 作定语] a side door, entrance, window 边门、 侧门、 边窗. 2 [C] (mathematics 数) any of the lines that form the boundaries of a plane figure, such as a triangle or a rectangle （组成叁角形、 矩形等平面图形的）边. 3 [C] (area near the) edge or boundary of sth 边缘或边界（的地方）: * a table by one's bedside/by the side of one's bed 床边的桌子 * people sitting on both sides of the table, ie on the two longer sides of a rectangular one 坐在桌子两（长）边的人 * standing at the side of the road 站在路边 * the south side of the field 田地的南边 * We planted tulips along the side of the lawn. 我们沿草坪的边缘种上了郁金香. 4 [C] either of the two surfaces of sth flat and thin, eg paper, cloth, sheet metal （平而薄的东西, 如纸、 布、 金属片两面之一的）面: * Write on one side of the paper only. 只在纸的一面写字. * Which is the right side of the cloth (ie the one intended to be seen)? 这块布哪一面是正面? * This side of the glass is filthy. 玻璃的这一面很脏. 5 [C] inner or outer surface of sth more or less upright （垂直或近似垂直物的）内侧或外侧: * the side of the mountain, tower, haystack 山、 塔、 草堆的坡面 * a steep hillside 陡峭的山坡 * paint the sides of the cylinder 把圆筒的外面漆一下 * paintings on the sides (ie walls) of the cave 在洞穴内壁上的图画

side1
* a puncture in the side of the tyre 轮胎上的小孔. 6 [C] (a) either the right or the left part of a person's body, esp from the armpit to the hip （人体的）左侧或右侧（尤指腋至臀的部分）; 尘: * wounded in the left side 左尘受伤 * lying on one's side 侧卧. (b) region near to this 身边; 身旁: * sit at/by sb's side 坐在某人旁边 * On my left side stood Fred. 我的左侧站着弗雷德. 7 [C] either of the two halves of an animal that has been killed for meat （已宰杀供食用动物的）半边躯体, 尘肉: * a side of beef, bacon, etc 牛的尘肉、 腌的猪尘肉. 8 [C] (a) either of the two halves of a surface or an object divided by an imaginary central line （一物体或物体表面从中以假想线分为两半之一的）面, 半, 边: * the left side of the brain 脑的左半部 * the left, right, shady, sunny, etc side of the street 大街的左、 右、 背阴、 向阳等面 * the eastern side of the town 城镇的东区 * the debit/credit side of the account 帐簿中的借[贷]方 * Go over to the other/far side of the room. 到房间的另一边去. * Which side of the theatre would you like to sit? 你喜欢坐在剧院的哪一边? (b) either of the two areas, etc divided by a line or boundary （由一界线分成两部分之一的）面, 边, 部分: * She stood on the other side of the fence. 她站在篱笆的另一边. * He crossed the bridge to this side of the river. 他过桥来到河的这一边. 9 [C] (Brit dated infml 旧, 口) television channel 电视频道: * Switch over to the other side. 转到另一个频道看看. 10 [C] (a) either of two parties or groups involved in a dispute, contest, etc with each other （辩论、 竞赛等双方的）一方: * the two sides in the strike, ie employers and workers 罢工事件中的双方（雇主和工人） * There are faults on both sides. 双方都有错. (b) position or opinion held in an argument; attitude or activity of one person or group with respect to another （辩论中所持的）立场或观点; （个人或团体相对於另一个人或团体采取的）态度或行动:

side2
* She argued her side of the case well. 她有理有据地陈述了自己的意见. * You must hear his side of things now. 你现在得听听他这方面的看法. * Will you keep your side of the bargain? 你那一方能遵守协议吗? 11 (Brit) sports team （运动）队: * five-a-side football 五人一队的足球比赛 * the winning/losing side 胜[败]方 * pick sides, ie choose who will play on each side 双方各自挑选队员 * Austria has a good side, and should win. 奥地利队阵容强, 很可能赢. 12 [C] aspect of sth that is different from other aspects; point of view （与其他方面不同的）方面, 观点: * study all sides of a question 研究一问题的各个方面 * the gentle side of her character 她性格中温柔的一面 * approach the problem from a different side 从另一角度来探讨这一问题. 13 [C] line of descent through a father or mother 父系或母系; 世系; 血统: * a cousin on my father's side, ie a child of my father's brother or sister 堂兄弟姐妹之一或父系的表兄弟姐妹之一. 14 [U] (dated infml 旧, 口) behaviour showing that one thinks one is better than others; arrogance 自大; 傲慢: * a person quite without side 不摆架子的人 * There's absolutely no side to him. 他非常谦虚. 15 (idm 习语) born on the wrong side of the blanket =>born. come down on one side of the fence or the other make a choice between two alternatives 在两者之间做出选择; 支持两方中之一方: * The jury is considering its verdict and we're waiting to see which side of the fence they'll come down on. 陪审团正在考虑裁决, 我们等着看他们支持哪一方. err on the side of sth =>err. get on the right/wrong side of sb please/ displease sb 使某人愉快[使某人不愉快]. have got out of bed on the wrong side =>bed1. know which side one's bread is buttered =>know. laugh on the other side of one's face =>laugh. let the `side down not give one's colleagues, etc the help and support they expect, or behave in a way that disappoints them 不帮助、 不支持同事; 使同事感到失望:

side3
* You can always rely on Angela she'd never let the side down. 你尽可完全信赖安吉拉--她从不使同事感到失望. look on the bright side =>bright. on/from all sides; on/from every side in/from all directions; everywhere 在[从]各个方向; 到处: * soldiers attacking on all sides 从各个方向发动进攻的士兵 * There was devastation on every side. 到处都是破坏的创伤. on the `big, `small, `high, etc side (infml 口) rather or too big, small, high, etc 偏大、 偏小、 偏高等: * These new trousers are a bit on the large side. 这条新裤子有点大. on the distaff side =>distaff. on the ,right/,wrong side of `forty, `fifty, etc (infml often joc 口, 常作戏谑语) younger/older than forty, fifty, etc years of age 不足[已过]四十、 五十岁等. on the safe side =>safe1. on the `side (infml 口) (a) as a sideline 作为兼职或副业: * a mechanic who buys and sells cars on the side 兼营买卖汽车的技工. (b) secretly 秘密地; 暗地里: * He's married but he has a girl-friend on the side. 他虽有妻室, 但暗地里还有一个女朋友. (be) on the side of sb (be) a supporter of sb; holding the same views as sb （成为）某人的支持者; 与某人观点相同: * Whose side are you on anyway? ie You should be supporting me. 你究竟支持谁? （你应该支持我.） * I'm on George's side in this debate. 这场辩论中我和乔治的观点相同. on/from the wrong side of the tracks =>wrong. the other side of the `coin the opposite or contrasting aspect of a matter 事情的另一面: * Everyone assumes he's to blame but they don't know the other side of the coin. 大家都认为是他的错, 但他们都不知道事情的另一面. put sth on/to one `side (a) put sth aside 将某物置於一边: * I put the broken glass to one side. 我把破玻璃杯搁在一旁. (b) leave sth to be dealt with later 搁置某事; 暂缓处理: * I put his complaint on one side until I had more time. 我把他的申诉暂搁一边, 待有时间时再处理. ,side by `side (a) close together, facing in the same direction 肩并肩地:

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* two children walking side by side 两个并肩走路的小孩. (b) supporting each other 相互支持: * We stand side by side with you in this dispute. 在这场辩论中我们与你们相互支持. split one's sides =>split. take sb on(to) one `side have a private talk with sb 将某人拉到一边以便私下交谈: * I took her on one side to ask about her odd behaviour. 我把她带到一旁问她为什麽有这种奇怪举动. take `sides (with sb) express support for sb in a dispute, etc 在辩论等中表示支持某人; 偏袒: * You mustn't take sides in their argument. 在他们的争论中你不要偏袒任何一方. * She took sides with me against the teacher. 她支持我反对老师. a thorn in one's flesh/side =>thorn. time is on sb's side =>time1. wrong side out =>wrong. 派生： -sided (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having a specified number or type of sides （有某数目或类型的）面的, 边的: a six-sided object * a glass-sided container. 复合： `sideboard n 1 [C] table, usu with drawers and cupboards, for crockery, etc 餐具柜. 2 `sideboards (US `sideburns) [pl] patches of hair growing on the side of a man's face in front of the ears （男子的）鬓角. => illus at hair 见hair插图. `side-car n small vehicle attached to the side of a motor cycle, to seat a passenger （摩托车的）跨斗. `side-dish n extra dish or course at a meal, usu served with another course （正菜外的）小菜（通常指配菜）. `side-drum n small double-sided drum 小鼓. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xi. `side-effect n (often pl 常作复数) secondary, usu unpleasant or unwanted, effect of a drug, etc （药物等的）副作用. `side-issue n issue that is less important than the main one 次要问题: What I earn is a side-issue. What really matters is that I don't like my work. 我挣多少钱倒不重要. 真正重要的是我不喜欢这个工作. `sidekick n (infml 口 esp US) assistant or close companion 助手; 亲密伙伴: the gangster and his two sidekicks 匪徒与他的两个帮凶.

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`sidelight n 1 either of a pair of small lights at the front of a vehicle （车辆前面的）侧灯. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xii. 2 ~ (on sb/sth) (fig 比喻) minor or casual piece of information that helps one to understand a subject, etc （有助於了解某问题等的）小的或偶然的启示: The article about the theatre gave us a few sidelights on the character of its owner. 关於该剧院的这篇文章对我们了解其业主的个性带来了意外的启示. `sidelong adj [attrib 作定语], adv (directed) to or from the side; sideways 横向（的）; 侧面（的）: a sidelong glance 横扫一眼 * look sidelong at sb 斜 看某人. ,side-`on adv with the side of sth towards sth else 以某物的侧面朝 另一物: The other car hit us side-on, ie hit us with its side. 那辆汽车的侧面撞到了我们. `side order (esp US) item of food served to a person in addition to the main dish and on a separate plate （主菜之外）另点的菜: a side order of French fries 另点了一个炸薯条. `side-road n minor road branching off a main road （从干线分出来的）支线, 叉道, 小道. `side-saddle n saddle for a woman rider made so that both legs can be on the same side of the horse 横鞍; 偏座鞍; 女鞍. adv on a side-saddle 在鞍上偏坐 : riding side-saddle 偏坐在鞍上. `side-show n 1 small show offering a game or some other amusement at a circus, fun-fair, etc （马戏、 游乐场等的）杂耍. 2 (fig 比喻) activity of less importance than the main activity 次要的活动; 附属事件. `side-slip n (a) sideways skid of a motor vehicle （机动车）滑向一边, 侧滑, 横滑. (b) sideways movement of an aircraft making a turn （飞机转弯时的）侧滑, 横滑. v [I] (-pp-) make a side-slip 侧滑; 横滑. `side-splitting adj (infml 口) extremely funny 极滑稽的: the clown's side-splitting antics 小丑令人捧腹大笑的滑稽动作. `side-step n step to one side, eg to dodge sb or to avoid a blow 横跨的一步（如避开某人或避免受打击）. v (-pp-)

side6
1 [Tn] (a) avoid (a blow, etc) by stepping to one side 横跨一步以免受（打击等）: The footballer side-stepped the tackle. 该足球队员向旁边跨步以避开对方拦截动作. (b) evade (a question, etc) 回避（问题等）: He side-stepped the issue by saying it was not part of his responsibilities. 他回避这一问题, 说这不属於他的责任范围. 2 [I] make a side-step 横跨一步. `side-street n minor street branching off a major street 小巷. `side-stroke n [U] any of various types of swimming stroke in which the swimmer is on his side 侧泳: Can you do side-stroke? 你会侧泳吗? `side-swipe n (US) 1 indirect blow along the side of sth 横击; 侧击. 2 (infml 口) critical remark made among remarks of a different kind or on a different subject 旁敲侧击: When talking about the performance, she couldn't resist (taking) a side-swipe at the orchestra. 她谈到演出时, 忍不住把管弦乐队批评了一通. `side-track v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] divert (sb) from the main topic or issue 引导（某人）转换话题: The lecturer was discussing politics but got side-tracked by a question from the audience into talking about religion. 讲演人正在谈论政治, 但因听众提出问题一岔开而谈起宗教来了. `side-view n view of sth from the side 侧面图; 侧景: The picture is/shows a side-view of the house. 这幅画画的是房子的侧面. `sidewalk n (US) = pavement 1. `sideways adv, adj [attrib 作定语] 1 to, towards or from the side 斜 （的）; 斜向一边（的）: A crab moves sideways. 螃蟹横 爬行. * He looked sideways at me. 他斜 眼看我. * a sideways glance 斜 眼看. 2 with one side facing forwards 以侧面对 （的）: carry the sofa sideways through the door 把沙发顺过来一端向前抬 通过这道门. 3 (idm 习语) knock sb sideways =>knock2. `side-whiskers n [pl] patches of hair growing on the sides of a man's face down to, but not on, the chin （男子的长可至颏的, 但不长在颏上的）长鬓角（与络腮胡子不同）.

side7
side-winder[5saidwaindE(r); 5said7waindl] n type of small rattlesnake that moves sideways in a series of loops 角响尾蛇.

sideline
[5saidlain; 5said7lain] n 1 [C] class of goods sold in addition to the main class of goods 附带出售的货物: * a butcher selling groceries as a sideline 兼卖杂货的肉商. 2 [C] occupation that is not one's main work 副业; 兼职: * I'm a teacher really; my writing is just a sideline. 我其实是个教师, 写作只是我的兼职. 3 sidelines [pl] (space immediately outside the) lines forming the boundary of a football pitch, tennis court, etc at the sides （足球场、 网球场等的）边线（界外区）: * some spectators on the sidelines 在边线外的一些观众. 4 (idm 习语) on the `sidelines observing sth but not directly involved in it 旁观; 不直接参与: * As a journalist, I was on the sidelines during the political crisis. 我是记者, 在这一政治危机时期我是目睹一切的局外人. 派生： sideline v [Tn] (esp US) remove (sb) from a game, team, etc; put out of action 使（某人）退出比赛; 使中止活动: Our best player has been sidelined by injury. 我们的主力队员已因受伤而退出了比赛.

sidereal
[sai'diEriEl; sai'diriEl] adj (fml 文) of the stars or measured by them 星的; 恒星的; 以恒星为计算标准的: * sidereal time 恒星时 * the sidereal year, ie 365 days, 6 hours, 10 minutes 恒星年（即365天6小时10分）.

siding
[5saidiN; 5saidiN] n short track beside a main railway line, into and from which trains can be shunted （铁路的）侧轨, 旁轨, 岔轨.

sidle
[5saidl; 5saidl] v [Ipr, Ip] ~ up/over (to sb/sth); ~ along, past, away, etc move (in the specified direction) furtively, or as if shy or nervous 悄悄（沿某方向）移动（或因羞怯或紧张所致）: * sidling up to the bar 悄悄朝酒吧走去 * She sidled over to me and asked if I recognized her. 她羞怯地向我走来, 问我是否认识她. * He sidled past, trying to seem casual. 他悄悄地溜了过去, 竭力装作漫不经心的样子. =>Usage at prowl 用法见prowl.

siege
[si:dV; sidV] n 1 (a) surrounding of a town, fortress, etc by armed forces in order to capture it or force it to surrender 围困; 围攻; 围城: * a siege of 50 days 50天的围困 * be in a state of/under siege 处於被围状态 * raise/lift (ie end) a siege 撤围 * By the time the siege ended, the citizens were nearly starving. 围城停止时, 市民已饿得濒於死亡. * [attrib 作定语] siege guns 攻城炮. (b) surrounding by police, etc of a building in which people are living or hiding （警方等对住有或藏有人的建 物的）包围. 2 (idm 习语) lay siege to sth begin a siege of (a town, fortress, etc) 包围（城镇、 城堡等）.

sienna
[si'enE; si'enE] n [U] type of clay used as colouring matter 赭石（用作颜料）: * burnt sienna, ie reddish-brown 画赭石（赤褐色颜料） * raw sienna, ie brownish-yellow 生赭石（棕黄颜料）.

sierra
[si'erE; si'erE] n long range of mountains with steep slopes and a rugged outline (esp in Spain and Spanish America) 锯齿山脊（尤指在西班牙及西班牙语系的美洲国家的）.

siesta
[si'estE; si'estE] n rest or sleep taken in the early afternoon, esp in hot countries 午睡（尤指在气候炎热 国家的）; 午後小睡: * have/take a siesta 睡午觉.

sieve
[siv; siv] n 1 utensil consisting of a wire mesh or gauze on a frame, used for separating solids or coarse matter (which do not pass through) from liquids or fine matter (which do pass through) 滤器; 漏杓; 筛子. 2 (idm 习语) have a memory/ mind like a sieve have a very bad memory; forget things easily 记性坏; 健忘. 派生： sieve v [Tn, Tn.pr] put (sth) through a sieve 用漏杓或筛子滤（某物）: sieve the flour into a bowl 把面粉筛进盆里.

sift
[sift; sift] v 1 (a) [Tn] put (sth) through a sieve 筛（某物）: * sift the flour, sugar, etc 筛面粉、 糖等. (b) [Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (out) from sth; ~ sth out separate sth from sth by putting it through a sieve 筛分（某物）: * sift (out) the lumps from the flour, the wheat from the chaff 把面粉中的面块筛出来、 把小麦的壳筛掉. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] shake or sprinkle (sth) through a sieve 筛下（某物）: * sift flour (into the mixture) 把面粉筛进混合物里 * sift sugar onto a cake 把糖筛撒在糕饼上. 3 [Ipr, Tn] ~ (through) sth (fig 比喻) examine sth very carefully 详察, 细审（某事物）: * sift through the piles of correspondence 仔细检查成堆的信件 * sift the evidence, data, etc 认真审查证据、 数据等. 派生： sifter n (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) small utensil like a sieve, used chiefly in cooking 小筛子（主要用作炊具）: a flour-sifter 面粉筛子.

sigh
[sai; sai] v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) take a long deep breath that can be heard, expressing sadness, tiredness, relief, etc 叹息; 叹气: * She sighed as she lay back on the bed. 她在床上向後一躺, 长叹了一声. * He sighed with pleasure after the excellent meal. 他美餐一顿之後, 满足地叹了口气. 2 [I] (of the wind) make a sound like sighing （指风）哀鸣. 3 [Tn] express or say (sth) with a sigh 叹息地表示; 叹息地说: * `I wish I didn't have so much to do,’ she sighed. ‘我但愿能没有这麽多事情做,’她叹着气说. 4 (phr v) sigh for sth (fml 文) feel a deep longing for sth that is lost, far away, etc （对失去的、 遥远的事物的）思念, 热望: * an exile who sighs for home 想念着家的流放者. 派生： sigh n act or sound of sighing 叹息; 叹息声: breathe/utter/heave/give a sigh 发出一声叹息 * with a sigh of relief, sadness, pleasure, etc 带着欣慰、 悲痛、 愉快等的一声长吁.

sight
1[sait; sait] n 1 [U] ability to see; vision 视力; 视觉: * lose one's sight, ie become blind 失明 * have good, poor, etc sight, ie eyesight 视力好、 差等 * Some drugs can affect your sight. 有些药物能影响视力. 2 [U] ~ of sb/sth action of seeing sb/sth 看; 看见: * Their first sight of land came after ten days at sea. 他们在海上十天之後首次看到陆地. * We laughed at the sight of his strange clothes. 我们看到他那怪模怪样的衣服都笑了起来. * (fml 文) When can we have sight of your new house? 我们什麽时候能够看看你的新房子? 3 [U] range within which sb can see or sth can be seen 视野; 视界: * in/within/out of (sb's) sight, ie (of objects, etc) visible/invisible （指物体等）看得见[看不见] * The train is still in sight. 还能看得见那列火车. * The ship came into sight out of the fog. 那艘船驶出浓雾, 依稀可见. * The plane crashed out of our sight, ie where we could not see it. 飞机出事时那个地方我们看不见. * The house was out of sight behind a wall. 房子被墙遮住看不见了. * We are not yet out of sight of land, ie can still see it. 我们还能看到陆地. * You must keep out of sight, ie stay where you cannot be seen. 你要呆在别人看不见的地方. * Get out of my sight! 滚开! * (fig 比喻) The end of the project is almost in sight. 该计画完成之时已遥遥在望. 4 (a) [C] thing (to be) seen, or worth seeing, esp sth remarkable 情景; 景象; （尤指）奇观, 壮观: * The flowers are a lovely sight in spring. 春天百花盛开十分美丽. * He saw some amazing sights at the zoo. 他在动物园里看到一些珍禽异兽. * A suffering animal is a distressing sight. 看到动物受痛苦是很难受的. (b) sights [pl] interesting buildings, places, features, etc of a place or district 某处或某地令人感兴趣的建 物、 地方、 特徵; 名胜: * Come and see the sights of London. 来看看伦敦的名胜.

sight1
5 a sight [sing] (infml 口) person or thing that looks ridiculous, untidy, etc 显得滑稽可笑、 不整洁等的人或物: * What a sight you look in those old clothes! 你穿上那些旧衣服样子可真怪! * This kitchen is a sight. Clean it up at once! 这厨房太乱了. 马上整理一下吧! 6 [C usu pl 通常作复数] device that one looks through to aim a rifle, etc or to observe sth through a telescope, etc （步枪等的）瞄准器; 观测器: * the sights of a gun 枪的瞄准器. 7 (idm 习语) at first glance/sight =>glance. at/on `sight as soon as sb/sth is seen 一见到某人[某事物]立即: * play music at sight, ie when seen in printed form without previous study or practice 视奏（未经事先学习或练习, 见到乐谱即行演奏） * They were told to shoot looters on sight. 他们奉令见到打劫者立即射击. catch sight/a glimpse of sb/sth =>catch1. hate, loathe, be sick of, etc the sight of sb/sth (infml 口) hate, etc sb/sth very much 不愿见到某人[某物]; 讨厌; 憎恶: * I can't stand the sight of you any more. 我再也不愿见到你了. * She hates the sight of that old car. 她见到那辆旧汽车就讨厌. heave in sight =>heave. in the sight of sb/in sb's sight (fml 文) in sb's opinion; in sb's view 依某人的意见; 在某人看来: * Do what is right in your own sight. 做你认为对的事. * All men are equal in the sight of God. 上帝对所有的人都一视同仁. keep sight of sb/sth; keep sb/sth in sight (a) remain where one can see sb/sth 看住某人[某物]; 监视: * Follow that man and keep him in sight all the time. 要跟着那个人, 一直盯着他. (b) remain aware of sth 了解到某事: * You must keep sight of one fact: * your life is in danger. 有一件事你必须明白, 你有生命危险. know sb by sight =>know. lose sight of sb/sth =>lose. ,out of `sight, ,out of `mind (saying 谚) we tend to forget people or things that are absent or can no longer be seen 眼不见, 心不念. raise/lower one's `sights be more/less ambitious; expect more/less 提高[降低]要求:

sight2
* They had to lower their sights and buy a smaller house than they would have liked. 他们原来想买一所大房子, 後来不得不降低要求买一所较小的. set one's sights on sth decide to achieve sth 立意做成某事物: * I've set my sights on winning the championship. 我下定决心要赢得冠军. a (damn, etc) sight better, etc (than...); a (damn, etc) sight too good, etc (infml 口) very much better, etc; far too good, etc 好得多; 非常好: * My car goes a (darned) sight faster than yours. 我的汽车比你的快得多. * That child is a damn sight too cheeky. 这孩子脸皮太厚. a ,sight for sore `eyes (infml 口) person or thing that one is relieved or pleased to see 使人悬念而想见到的人或物; 喜欢见到的人或物: * You're a sight for sore eyes I thought you'd gone for good! 见到你真高兴--我还以为你一去不复返了呢! a sight of sth (infml 口) a great amount of sth 大量; 许多: * It cost him a sight of money/trouble. 这花了他一大笔钱[这给他惹来很多麻烦]. sight un`seen without an opportunity for previous inspection 事前未得以检查: * You should never buy a car sight unseen. 买汽车时, 事先未检查可千万不要买. take a `sight aim or observe using a sight1(6) or sights 用瞄准器瞄准; 用观测器观测: * take a careful sight before firing 仔细瞄准再发射 * take a sight with a compass/quadrant 用罗盘[象限仪]观测. 派生： sighted adj able to see; not blind 有视力的; 不盲的: the blind and partially sighted 盲人和有部分视力的人 * Those of us who are sighted don't understand the problems of the blind. 我们这些有视力的人不理解盲人的困难. -sighted (in compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having the specified type of eyesight 有某种视力的: short-/long-/far-sighted. 复合： `sight-read v [I, Tn] (be able to) play or sing (music) without previous study or practice （能）视奏或视唱（不经事先学习或练习）. `sight-reading n [U].

sight3
`sight-screen (also screen) n (in cricket) large movable white structure placed at either end of the playing area to help the batsmen see the ball （板球的）屏幕（为击球员看清球而设於球场两端可移动的白色屏幕）. `sightseeing n [U] visiting the sights (sight1 4b) of a place as a tourist 观光; 游览. `sightseer n person who does this 观光客; 游人.

sightless
[5saitlis; 5saitlis] adj unable to see; blind 看不见的; 失明的: * a sightless species of bat 一种无视觉的蝙蝠.

sign
1[sain; sain] n 1 mark, symbol, etc used to represent sth 记号; 符号: * mathematical signs, eg +, , , 数学符号（如+、 、 、 ）. 2 board, notice, etc that directs sb towards sth, gives a warning, advertises a business, etc 牌子; 牌示; 招牌; 指示牌: * traffic signs, eg for a speed limit, a bend in the road, etc 交通标志（如表示速度限制、 有弯路等） * a shop-sign, pub-sign, etc 商店招牌、 酒馆招牌 * Look out for a sign to the motorway. 留意通往高速公路的路标. 3 gesture or movement made with the hand, head, etc, used to give information, a command, etc （用手、 头等的）示意动作（用以传递信息、 命令等）: * the sign of the cross, ie a movement made with the hand outlining a cross as a blessing, prayer, etc （用手）画十字（祝福、 祈祷等） * She gave us a sign to leave the room, eg by pointing to the door. 她示意我们离开房间（如以手指门）. 4 ~ (of sth) thing that shows that sb/sth is present or exists, or that sth may happen 痕迹; 迹象; 徵兆: * signs of suffering on his face 他面部的痛苦表情 * some signs of improvement in her work 她工作有些改进的迹象 * There wasn't a sign of life in the place, ie It appeared deserted. 那儿没有生命的迹象. * She shows no sign of being interested. 她没有表示出有兴趣来. * There are some signs of sales increasing. 有迹象显示销售额在增长. 5 (also ,sign of the `zodiac) (symbol representing) any of the twelve divisions of the zodiac （黄道十二宫之一的）宫, 星座: * What sign were you born under? 你是属什麽星座的? 6 (idm 习语) a ,sign of the `times (often derog 常作贬义) thing that shows the nature of a particular period 某时期的标志: * The rising level of crime is a sign of the times. 犯罪率增高是这一时代的特徵. 复合： `sign language language, eg for deaf and dumb people, using gestures instead of words 手势语, 手语（如聋哑人用的）.

sign1
`signpost n post at a road junction, etc with arms pointing to places along the roads, and often showing the distances to them 路标. v [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] provide (a road) with signposts; indicate (a route or place) with signposts 为（路）设置路标; 用路标指示（路径或地方）: Is the road well signposted? 这条路的路标清楚吗? * Our village is so small it's not even signposted. 我们的村子很小, 连路标都没有.

signal
1[5signEl; 5signl] n 1 sign, gesture, sound, etc that conveys a message, command, etc （传递信息、 命令等的）信号, 手势, 声音, 暗号: * a signal made with a red flag 用红旗打出的信号 * hand signals, ie made by the driver of a car, etc to show which way it will turn, etc 手势信号（司机指示转弯等的） * She flashed the torch as a signal. 她用手电筒发信号. * He raised his arm as a signal for us to stop. 他抬起手臂示意我们停下. * A red light is usually a signal for/of danger. 红灯通常是危险的信号. 2 any device or object placed to give people a warning, information, etc （给人警告、 信息等的）信号器或信号物: * traffic signals, ie for cars, etc in the streets 交通信号 * The railway signal (ie light) was on red, so the train stopped. 铁路红灯亮了, 所以火车停下了. 3 (a) any event or action that causes some general activity 触发某些普遍活动的事情或行动: * The President's arrival was the signal for an outburst of cheering. 总统来到爆发一阵欢呼声. (b) anything indicating that sth exists or is likely to happen 表明某事物存在或可能发生的任何事物: * Her speech yesterday was a signal that her views have changed. 她昨天的讲话标志着她的观点已经转变. * Is this announcement the signal of better times ahead? 宣布的这件事是否预示往後日子越过越好了? 4 sequence of electronic impulses or radio waves transmitted or received （电子脉冲或无线电波的）信号: * receive a signal from a satellite 接收到卫星信号 * an area with a poor/good TV signal 电视信号弱[强]的地区 * [attrib 作定语] signal strength 信号强度. > signal v (-ll-; US -l-) [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Tf, Tw, Dn.pr, Dn.f, Dpr.f, Dn.w, Dpr.w, Dn.t, Dpr.t no passive 不用於被动语态] ~ (to sb/sth) (for sth) make a signal or signals; send or express (sth) in this way; communicate with (sb) in this way 发信号; 用信号传达（某信息）; 用信号与（某人）通讯:

signal1
* He seems to be signalling. 他似乎正在发送信号. * signal wildly with one's arms 奋力挥臂打信号 * signal a message (to sb) 用信号（向某人）传递消息 * (fig 比喻) signal one's discontent by refusing to vote 拒绝投票以示不满 * (fig 比喻) an event signalling a change in public opinion 说明公众舆论变化的事件 * signal that one is going to turn/which way one is going to turn 打信号示意要转弯[走哪条路] * signal (to) the commanding officer (that...) 向指挥官发信号（报告...） * signal to the regiment for the attack to begin 向团部发出开始进攻的信号 * signal (to) sb which way to go 示意某人走哪条路 * signal (to) the waiter to bring the menu 示意要服务员把菜单拿来. signaller (US signaler)[5signElE(r);'signEll] n person who signals, esp a soldier specially trained for this purpose 信号员; （尤指）信号兵. 复合： `signal-box n (Brit) building beside a railway, from which railway signals are operated （铁路）信号所, 信号房. `signalman[-mEn; -7mEn] n (pl -men[-mEn; -mEn] ) 1 person who operates signals on a railway （铁路）信号员. 2 person who signals, esp in the army or navy 信号手, 信号兵（尤指陆军或海军的）.

signatory
[5signEtri; - -tC:ri; 5signE7tCri] n ~ (to sth) person, country, etc that has signed an agreement 签约的人; 签约国: * the signatories to the treaty 签约各方 * [attrib 作定语] the signatory powers 签约的各强国.

signature
[5signEtFE(r); 5signEtFl] n 1 (a) [C] person's name written by himself 签名; 签字; 署名: * a document with two signatures on it 经两人签署的文件 * Her signature is almost illegible. 她的签字很难辨认. (b) [U] action of signing sth 签名; 签字; 签署: * a contract ready for signature 准备签字的合同. 2 [C] section of a book made from one sheet of paper folded and cut 书帖（一整张平版纸摺叠切割而成的一沓, 为书芯的一部分）. 复合： `signature tune (also theme tune) usu brief tune used to introduce a particular broadcast or performer 信号曲, 开始曲（通常为短曲, 用於一广播前或演出者出场前）.

signet
[5signit; 5signit] n person's seal2(1a) used with or instead of a signature 图章; 私章. 复合： `signet ring finger-ring with a design engraved on it, formerly used as a seal 图章戒指（旧时用作图章）.

significance
[sig'nifikEns; sig'nifEkEns] n [U] 1 meaning 意义; 意思: * understand the significance of a remark 了解某句话的意义 * What is the significance of this symbol? 这个符号是什麽意思? 2 importance 重大意义; 重要性: * a speech of great significance 有重大意义的讲话 * Few people realized the significance of the discovery. 很少有人意识到这一发现的重要性.

significant
[sig'nifikEnt; sig'nifEkEnt] adj 1 (a) having a meaning, esp one that is immediately obvious 有意义的（尤指直接而明显的）: * Their change of plan is strange but I don't think it's significant. 他们改变了计画十分奇怪, 我觉得没有什麽用意. (b) full of meaning 意味深长的: * a significant remark, look, smile 意味深长的话语、 一瞥、 微笑. 2 important; considerable 重要的; 重大的; 可观的: * a significant rise in profits 利润的巨大增长. 派生： significantly adv 1 in a way that conveys a special meaning 意味深长地; 意义深远地: smile, nod, wink significantly 意味深长地微笑、 点点头、 眨眨眼 * Significantly, he did not deny that there might be an election. 颇有意义的是, 他没否认可能要进行选举. 2 to an important or considerable degree 重要地; 重大地; 可观地: Profits have risen significantly. 利润已大大提高了.

signification
[7signifi'keiFn; 7signifE'keFEn] n (fml or linguistics 文或语言) meaning of a word, etc 词等的含义; 词义.

signify
[5signifai; 5signE7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) 1 [Tn] be a sign of (sth); mean 表示（某事物）的意思; 意味: * What do these marks signify? 这些符号表示什麽意思? * Do dark clouds signify rain? 有乌云是否显示要下雨? 2 [Tn, Tf no passive 不用於被动语态] make (sth) known; indicate 表明（某事物）; 表示: * signify one's agreement/that one agrees by nodding 用点头表示同意 * She signified her approval with a smile. 她笑了笑表示赞成. 3 [I] (used esp in questions and negative sentences 尤用於疑问句与否定句) be of importance; matter 有重要性; 有关系: * It doesn't signify, so you needn't worry about it. 这无所谓, 你不必担心.

Sikh
[si:k; sik] n member of a religion (Sikhism) that developed from Hinduism in the 16th century and is based on a belief in only one God 锡克教教徒（源於16世纪印度教的教徒, 相信只有一个神）.

silage
[5sailidV; 5sailidV] n [U] green fodder stored without drying, esp in a silo, to feed cattle in winter 青贮饲料（尤指贮藏在青贮塔内以备冬季饲牛的）.

silence
[5sailEns; 5sailEns] n 1 [U] condition of being quiet or silent; absence of sound 寂静; 无声: * the silence of the night 夜的寂静 * A scream shattered the silence. 一声尖叫打破了寂静. * In the library silence reigned, ie it was totally silent. 图书馆内十分安静. 2 (a) [U] not speaking, answering sth spoken or written, making comments, etc; not mentioning sth or revealing a secret 沉默; 缄默; 默不作声: * All my questions were met with silence from him. 我的所有问题他都拒不回答. * The teacher's stern look reduced him to silence. 教师神情严肃, 他便静了下来. * I can't understand her silence on this matter. 我不明白她为什麽对此事默不作声. * I assume that your silence implies consent, ie that by saying nothing you are showing that you do not disagree. 我想你沉默即表示同意. * After a year's silence (ie a year during which she didn't write), I got a letter from her. 她沉默了一年之後, 又给我来了一封信. * They tried to buy his silence, ie to pay him not to reveal a secret. 他们想收买他让他保持缄默（不泄露秘密）. (b) [C] period during which sb is silent 沉默的一段时间: * a conversation with many silences 时断时续的交谈 * There was a brief silence, followed by uproar. 沉默片刻之後又喧嚣起来了. 3 (idm 习语) in silence without speaking or making a sound; silently 安静地; 无声地: * listen to sb in silence 静静地听某人谈话 * The whole ceremony took place in complete silence. 举行仪式的全过程中寂静无声. a pregnant pause/silence =>pregnant. ,silence is `golden (saying 谚) it is often best not to say anything 沉默是上策. 派生： silence v [Tn] cause (sb/sth) to be silent; cause to be quiet (er) 使（某人[某物]）沉默; 使安静: try to silence a noisy crowd, a crying baby 设法使喧闹的人群、 啼哭的婴儿静下来 * silence one's critics, eg by doing sth they cannot criticize 使挑剔的人无话可说

silence1
* silence the enemy's guns, eg by destroying them 把敌人的阵地摧毁 * This insult silenced him completely. 他受此侮辱後一言不发了. silencer n (a) (Brit) (US muffler) device that reduces the noise made by a vehicle's exhaust （机动车的）消声器. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xii. (b) device that reduces the noise made by a gun being fired （枪的）消声器. silence interj be quiet 安静; 别出声: `Silence!’ shouted the teacher. ‘安静!’教师喊道.

silent
[5sailEnt; 5sailEnt] adj 1 (a) making no or little sound; not accompanied by any sound 寂静的; 无声的: * with silent footsteps 脚步轻轻地 * the smooth, silent running of the engine 发动机顺畅而静静的运转 * The children went out, and the room was silent. 孩子们出去了, 房间里十分安静. (b) not expressed aloud 不出声或小声表达的: * a silent prayer, curse, etc 默默的祈祷、 诅咒等. 2 (a) not speaking; making no spoken or written comments 沉默的; 不发表意见的: * He was silent for a moment, then began his answer. 他沉默了一会儿, 然後开始回答. * She was silent for months before I got a letter from her. 她沉默了几个月, 然後给我来了一封信. * On certain important details the report remains strangely silent. 这份报告在某些重要的细节问题上只字未提, 莫名其妙. (b) saying little 沉默寡言的: * He is the strong, silent type. 他是个坚强而沉默的人. 3 (of a letter) written but not pronounced （指字母）不发音的: * The `b' in `doubt' and the `w' in `wrong' are silent. doubt一字中的b字母与wrong一字中的w字母都不发音. =>Usage at quiet 用法见quiet. 4 (idm 习语) the ,silent ma`jority the people with moderate views who are unable or unwilling to express them publicly 沉默的多数（不能或不愿公开表达意见的中间群众）. > silently adv. 复合： ,silent `film film without a sound-track, esp one made before the invention of sound-films 无声电影; 默片. `silent partner (US) = sleeping partner (sleep2).

silhouette
[7silu:'et; 7silu'et] n 1 (a) dark outline of sb/sth seen against a light background 黑色轮廓; 侧影: * the silhouettes of the trees against the evening sky 夜空衬托出树木的轮廓. (b) picture showing sb/sth as a black shape against a light background 黑色轮廓像; 剪影. 2 (idm 习语) in silhouette as a silhouette 以黑色轮廓像或剪影形式: * see sth in silhouette 看见某物的轮廓 * paint sb in silhouette 画出某人的黑色轮廓像. 派生： silhouette v [usu passive 通常用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (against sth) cause sth to be seen as a silhouette 使某物现出轮廓或呈黑色轮廓像: She stood in front of the window, silhouetted against the dawn sky. 她站在窗前, 晨空衬托出她的轮廓.

silica
[5silikE; 5silikE] n [U] compound of silicon occurring as quartz or flint, and in sandstone and other rocks 硅石; 二氧化硅.

silicate
[5silikeit; 5sili7ket] n [C, U] any of the insoluble compounds of silica 硅酸盐.

silicon
[5silikEn; 5silikEn] n [U] non-metallic chemical element found combined with oxygen in quartz, sandstone, etc 硅. =>App 10 见附录10. 复合： ,silicon `chip microchip made of silicon, used to make an integrated circuit 硅片（用以制集成电路）.

silicone
[5silikEun; 5silikon] n [U] any of the complex organic compounds of silicon, widely used in paints, varnish and lubricants 硅酮（复合有机化合物, 多用以制油漆、 清漆和润滑剂）.

silicosis
[7sili'kEusis; 7sili'kosis] n [U] disease caused by breathing in dust containing silica, eg in a coal-mine 硅肺, 石末沉着病（因吸入硅尘引起的疾病, 如在煤矿中）.

silk
[silk; silk] n 1 [U] fine soft thread produced by silkworms to make their cocoons, or by certain insects or spiders （蚕、 蜘蛛或昆虫吐出的）丝. 2 [U] thread or cloth made from this 丝线; 丝绸: * dressed all in silk 全身穿着绫罗绸缎 * [attrib 作定语] a silk scarf, dress, etc 丝制的围巾、 连衣裙等. 3 silks [pl] (dated 旧) clothes made from silk 丝绸衣服: * dressed in fine silks 穿着绫罗绸缎. 4 [C] (Brit infml 口) Queen's or King's Counsel, who wears a silk gown in court 御用律师. 5 (idm 习语) smooth as silk =>smooth1. take `silk become a Queen's or King's Counsel 任御用律师: * After fifteen years as a barrister, she took silk. 她当了十五年的讼务律师之後, 担任了御用律师. 复合： ,silk-screen `printing method of printing by forcing ink through a stencil of finely-woven material 丝网印刷法. `silkworm n caterpillar that spins silk to form a cocoon 蚕.

silken
[5silkEn; 5silkEn] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] 1 (usu approv 通常作褒义) soft and smooth; shiny like silk 柔软光滑的; 像丝般有光泽的: * a silken voice 柔和的嗓音 * silken hair 柔软光滑的头发. 2 (arch 古) made of silk 丝制的; 绸的: * a silken gown 绸袍.

silky
[5silki; 5silki] adj (-ier, -iest) (usu approv 通常作褒义) soft, fine, smooth, etc like silk 像丝一样柔软、 纤细、 光滑等的: * silky hair, skin 柔软光滑的头发、 皮肤 * (fig 比喻) a silky manner, voice 温和的态度、 柔和的嗓音. > silkiness n [U].

sill
[sil; sil] n piece of wood, or stone, etc forming the base of a window or a door 窗台; 门槛: * a `window-sill 窗台 * a `door-sill 门槛. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page vi.

sillabub
= syllabub.

silly
[5sili; 5sili] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 (a) not showing thought or understanding; foolish 愚昧的; 愚蠢的; 傻的: * a silly little boy 傻小子 * Don't be silly! 别这麽傻! * silly mistakes 愚蠢的错误 * What a silly thing to say! 这话说得多蠢! (b) ridiculous in appearance, behaviour, etc （外貌、 行为等）可笑的, 荒唐的: * made us play silly games 让我们做荒唐可笑的游戏. 2 [attrib 作定语] (of a fielder in cricket) standing close to the batsman （指板球中的外场员）靠近击球员的: * silly mid-on 靠近击球员的外场员. 3 (idm 习语) laugh oneself sick/silly =>laugh . play `silly buggers (Brit sl 俚) behave in a foolish or irresponsible way 举止愚蠢或不负责任: * Stop playing silly buggers and help me lift this. 别胡闹了, 快来帮我把这个抬起来. the `silly season time, usu in the summer, when newspapers are full of trivial stories because there is little news 新闻淡季（通常在夏季, 因报上缺少主要新闻而琐事充斥）. >silliness n [U]. silly (also silly-billy) n (infml 口) (often used to or by children 常用以指儿童或儿童常用) silly person 傻瓜; 笨蛋: Of course I won't leave you alone, you silly! 当然我不会把你单独留下, 你这个小傻瓜!

silo
[5sailEu; 5sailo] n (pl ~s) 1 (a) tall tower or pit, usu on a farm, in which grass or other food for animals can be kept fresh 青贮塔, 青贮窖（贮藏新鲜饲料的建 , 通常指农场上的）. (b) tower or pit for storing grain, cement or radioactive waste 用以贮藏谷物、 水泥或放射性废料的高塔或地窖. 2 underground place where missiles are kept ready for firing 导弹发射井.

silt
[silt; silt] n [U] sand, mud, etc carried by flowing water and left at the mouth of a river, in a harbour, etc （由流水带到河口、 港口等的）淤沙、 淤泥等. 派生： silt v (phr v) silt (sth) up (cause sth to) become blocked with silt （使某物）为淤泥堵塞: The harbour has silted up. 这港口已被淤泥堵塞. * The sand has silted up the mouth of the river. 泥沙已把河口堵住了. silty adj (-ier, -iest) covered with, full of or containing silt 为沙泥覆盖的; 充满或含有泥沙的: silty rocks 有泥沙覆盖的岩石 * silty soil 粉土质土壤.

silvan
(also sylvan)[5silvEn; 5silvEn] adj (arch or rhet 古或修辞) (a) of the woods 森林的; 林木的: * silvan glades 森林中的空地. (b) having woods; rural 有森林的; 乡村的.

silver
[5silvE(r); 5silvl] n 1 [U] chemical element, ashiny white precious metal used for ornaments, jewellery,coins, utensils, etc 银: * solid silver 纯银 * [attrib 作定语] a silver mine 银矿. =>App 10 见附录10. 2 [U] coins made of silver or of an alloy looking like it 银币（银或似银合金铸成的硬币）: * 20 in notes and 5 in silver 20镑纸币和5镑银币 * a handful of silver 一把银币 * Have you any silver on you? 你带着银币呢吗? 3 [U] (a) dishes, ornaments, etc made of silver 银器（银盘、 银首饰等）: * have all one's silver stolen by burglars 所有的银器全被窃贼偷走 * sell the family silver to pay one's debts 卖掉祖传的银器还债. (b) cutlery made of any metal 任何金属制的餐具: * We keep the silver in this sideboard. 我们把金属餐具放在这个餐具柜里. 4 (idm 习语) born with a silver spoon in one's mouth =>born. cross sb's palm with silver =>cross2. every cloud has a silver lining =>cloud1. the silver `screen a cinema screen or the cinema industry 银幕; 电影业: * stars of the silver screen 影星. a ,silver `tongue way of speaking that charms or persuades people 口才; 雄辩: * It was his silver tongue that got him the job. . 派生： silver v 1 [Tn] coat (sth) with silver or sth that looks like silver 在（某物）上镀银、 包银或似银的物质: metal silvered to make ornaments 用做饰物的镀银金属 * silver a mirror, ie coat glass to make it reflect things 制镜（在玻璃上涂似银物质而成）. 2 [I, Tn] (cause hair, etc to) become bright like silver （使毛发等）变成银白色: Her hair had silvered. 她的头发已变成银白色. * The years have silvered her hair. 随着岁月流逝她的头发已白了. silver adj made of or looking like silver 银的; 像银的: a silver plate, dish, watch 银盘、 碟、 表 * a silver car, paint, thread 银色的汽车、 颜料、 线 * the silver moon 银色的月亮.

silver1
silvery[5silvEri; 5silvEri] adj 1 shiny or coloured like silver(1) 光亮的; 银色的: * a silvery surface 有银色光泽的表面. 2 [attrib 作定语] (approv 褒) (of sounds) high-pitched and clear （指声音）清脆的: * the silvery notes of the little bells 小铃铛的清脆响声. 复合： ,silver `birch common birch tree with a light grey bark 欧洲桦. `silver-fish n any of various types of small silver-coloured wingless insects feeding on scraps of food, bookbindings, etc 衣鱼, 蠹鱼（银色无翼昆虫, 蛀蚀书籍等）. ,silver `jubilee (celebration of a) 25th anniversary 25周年（纪念）. Cf 参看 diamond jubilee (diamond), golden jubilee (golden). ,silver `paper (infml 口) thin light foil of tin or aluminium, used esp for wrapping cigarettes, chocolates, etc 锡纸（尤指用以包装香烟、 巧克力等的）. ,silver `plate metal articles coated with silver 镀银或包银的金属器具. ,silver-`plated adj: silver-plated dishes 镀银的盘子. `silverside n [U] (Brit) outer side of the top of a leg of beef 牛腿肉上面的外侧部分. `silversmith n person who makes or sells silver articles 银匠; 银器商. ,silver-`tongued adj speaking in a way that charms or persuades people 有口才的; 雄辩的: a ,silver-tongued `lawyer 能言善辩的律师. `silverware n [U] articles made of silver 银器. ,silver `wedding 25th anniversary of a wedding 银婚（结婚25周年纪念）. Cf 参看 diamond wedding (diamond), golden wedding (golden).

simian
[5simiEn; 5simiEn] adj, n (fml 文) (of or like a) monkey or ape 猴或猿（的）; 似猴或猿的: * a simianappearance, posture, movement 像猴的外貌、 姿势、 动作.

similar
[5similE(r); 5simEll] adj ~ (to sb/sth) resembling sb/sth but not the same; alike 相似的; 类似的: * We have similar tastes in music. 我们在音乐方面爱好相似. * Gold is similar in colour to brass. 金与黄铜的颜色相似. * The brothers look very similar. 他们兄弟看上去很相似. 派生： similarly adv 1 in a similar way 相似地; 类似地: The two boys dress similarly. 两个小男孩穿得差不多一样. 2 also; likewise 也; 同样: She was late and I similarly was delayed. 她迟到了, 我也晚了. similarity[7simE'lArEti; 7simE'lArEti] n 1 [U] being similar; likeness 相似; 类似: * points of similarity between the two men 这两人的相似之点. 2 [C] similar feature or aspect 相似之处; 相似之点: * similarities in age and background 年龄与背景相似.

simile
[5simili; 5simE7li] n [U, C] (use of) comparison of one thing with another, eg `as brave as a lion', `a face like a mask' 明喻; 明喻的运用（如: * ‘勇猛如狮’,‘像假面具一样的面孔’）: * use daring similes 使用破格的明喻 * Her style is rich in simile. 她的文体中用很多明喻. Cf 参看 metaphor.

similitude
[si'militju:d; - -tu:d; sE'milE7tud] n (fml 文) 1 [U] being similar; similarity 相似; 类似. 2 [C] comparison; simile 比喻; 明喻: * talk in similitudes 说话中用比喻.

simmer
[5simE(r); 5siml] v 1 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) remain almost at boiling-point （使某物）保持在接近沸点; 煨; 炖: * Let the soup simmer (for) a few minutes. 让汤再煮几分钟. * Simmer the stew for an hour. 用文火把菜炖一小时. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) be filled with (anger, etc) which one can hardly control 充满难以控制的（怒火等）: * She simmered for a minute or two, then began shouting uncontrollably. 她强忍了一两分钟, 然後情不自禁地大叫起来. * simmer with rage, annoyance, etc about sth 按捺着对某事物的怒气、 烦恼等. 3 [I] (of a quarrel, dispute, etc) continue for a time without any real anger or violence being shown （指争吵、 争辩等）处於即将爆发的状态: * This row has been simmering for months. 这场争吵已憋了好几个月了. 4 (phr v) simmer down (infml 口) become calm after a period of anger, excitement, violence, etc 变冷静, 安静下来（在愤怒、 激动、 暴力行为等之後）: * Simmer down, now, and stop shouting. 静下来吧, 别喊了. * Things have simmered down since the riots last week. 自上周骚动以来, 事态已平静下来了. 派生： simmer n 1 [sing] process of simmering 煨; 炖: give the vegetables a five-minute simmer 把菜炖五分钟. 2 (idm 习语) keep sth at a/on the `simmer keep sth simmering 使某物保持在接近沸点: Keep the potatoes on the simmer for ten minutes. 把马铃薯炖十分钟.

simony
[5saimEni; 5saimEni] n [U] (formerly) the buying and selling of church appointments, holy relics, etc （旧时）买卖圣职、 圣物等.

simoom
[si'mu:m; si'mum] (also simoon/si'mu:n; si'mun] ) n [sing] hot dry wind blowing in the Sahara and Arabian deserts carrying clouds of dust 西蒙风（撒哈拉及阿拉伯沙漠地区的乾热风沙）.

simper
[5simpE(r); 5simpl] v [I] smile in a foolish, affected way 傻笑; 假笑: * a simpering waiter 面带假笑的侍应生. 派生： simper n [sing] foolish, affected smile 傻笑; 假笑. simperingly[5simpEriNli; 5simpEriNli] adv.

simple
[5simpl; 5simpl] adj (-r, -st) 1 easily done or understood; not causing difficulty 简单的; 简明的: * a simple task, sum, problem 简单的工作、 算题、 问题 * written in simple English 用浅显的英文写出 * The machine is quite simple to use. 这机器使用很简便. * When speaking to young people, keep it simple, ie speak in a way they can understand. 对年轻人说话, 要简明易懂. 2 plain in form, design, etc; without much decoration or ornament 式样简 的; 素的: * simple food, furniture 简单的食物、 家具 * a simple style of architecture 简 的建 风格 * the simple life, ie a way of living without luxury, expensive entertainments, etc 简 的生活 * I like my clothes to be simple but elegant. 我喜欢穿 素大方的衣服. 3 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (a) not made up of many parts or elements 单纯的; 非复合的: * a simple substance, mixture 单纯的物质、 混合物 * a simple tool, toy 简单的工具、 玩具 * a simple sentence, ie one without subordinate clauses 简单句. (b) not highly developed; basic in structure or function 未充分发展的; （在结构或功能方面）初级的: * simple forms of life, like one-cell organisms 生命的原始形式, 如单细胞有机体 * a fairly simple system of classification 相当初步的分类系统. 4 (a) natural and straightforward; not sophisticated 自然的; 率直的; 天真的: * behave in a simple, open way 行为直率 * as simple as a child 像儿童一样天真. (b) not having a high position in society; ordinary 社会地位不高的; 普通的; 卑微的: * I'm just a simple soldier. 我只不过是普通士兵. * My father was a simple farm-worker.我父亲是个普通的农民. 5 (a) easily deceived; inexperienced; nave 易受欺的; 无经验的; 幼稚的: * Are you simple enough to believe what that liar tells you? 你会蠢到相信那骗子说的话吗? * I'm not so simple as to think it will be easy. 我决不致於笨得以为那是容易的事.

simple1
(b) (infml 口) not having normal intelligence 头脑简单的; 智能低下的: * She doesn't understand you. She's a bit simple. 她不明白你的意思. 她有点笨. 6 [attrib 作定语] nothing more or other than 纯粹的; 纯然的: * It's a simple fact. 这就是事实. * a simple unbiased account of events 对事情纯然无偏见的叙述 * Was it simple greed that made you steal it? 你偷这件东西是完全因为贪心作祟吗? 7 (idm 习语) pure and simple =>pure. 派生： simple n (arch 古) herb used for treating illness, wounds, etc 草药. simply[5simpli; 5simpli] adv 1 in an easy way 简单地; 简明地: * solved quite simply 很简单就解决了 * Explain it as simply as you can. 尽可能简单地解释一下. 2 in a plain or unfussy way 素地; 实地: * dress simply穿得 素 * simply dressed 衣着 素 * live simply 生活 素. 3 completely; absolutely 完全地; 绝对地: * His pronunciation is simply terrible. 他的发音实在糟透了. * I simply refuse to go! 我就是不去! 4 merely; only 仅; 只: * I bought the house simply because it was large. 就是因为这所房子大我才买的. * Is success simply a matter of working hard? 是否只要勤奋就能成功? 复合： simple fraction = vulgar fraction (vulgar). ,simple `interest interest paid on a capital sum only, not on the interest that is added to it 单利. Cf 参看 compound interest (compound1). ,simple ma`chine any simple instrument used as (part of) a machine, eg a wheel, lever, pulley 简单机械（如轮、 、 滑轮）. ,simple-`minded adj (often derog 常作贬义) showing very little intelligence 头脑简单的; 笨的: her more,simple-minded sup`porters 她的那些头脑更加简单的支持者 * a simple-minded approach to the problem 处理该问题愚蠢的办法.

simpleton
[5simpltEn; 5simpltEn] n person who is foolish, easily deceived or not very intelligent 傻瓜; 笨蛋; 易受骗的人.

simplicity
[sim'plisEti; sim'plisEti] n [U] 1 being easy, plain or straightforward 简单; 素; 率直: * the simplicity of the problem 该问题的简单性 * the simplicity of her style 她风格的 实 * a character marked by franknessand simplicity 爽直的性格. 2 (idm 习语) be sim,plicity it`self be very easy 极为容易: * Cleaning the light is simplicity itself; just wipe it with a damp cloth. 把灯弄乾净非常容易, 用湿布一擦就行了.

simplify
[5simplifai; 5simplE7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn] make (sth) easy to do or understand; make simple(1) 使（某事物）简单或简明; 简化: * a simplified text, eg one for learners of the language 简易读本 * simplify the instructions so that children can understand them 简化指示便於儿童理解 * That will simplify my task. 那可简化我的工作. 派生： simplification[7simplifi'keiFn; 7simplEfE'keFEn] n (a) [U] act or process of simplifying 简化. (b) [C] instance of simplifying; sth simplified 简化; 简化的事物: * What she said was a useful simplification of the theory. 她把这一理论讲得深入浅出.

simplistic
[sim'plistik; sim'plistik] adj (usu derog 通常作贬义) making difficult problems, issues, ideas, etcseem much simpler than they really are; over-simplifying（使困难的问题、 事情、 意见等）显得过於简单的; 过分简单化的: * a rather simplistic assessment of a complex situation 对一复杂局面过於简单化的看法.

simulacrum
[7simju'leikrEm; 7simjE'lekrEm] n (pl -cra[-krE; -krE] ) (fml 文) thing resembling or made to resemble sb/sth 模拟物; 假像; 幻影.

simulate
[5simjuleit; 5simjE7let] v [Tn] 1 pretend to have or feel (esp an emotion) 假装有或感到（尤指情感）: * simulate anger, joy, interest, etc 假装愤怒、 高兴、 有兴趣等 * her carefully simulated disappointment 她精心装出的失望. 2 reproduce (certain conditions) by means of a model, etc, eg for study or training purposes （用模型等）模拟（某环境）（如用於研究或训练）: * simulate flight using a model plane in a wind tunnel 用模型飞机在风洞里模拟飞行 * The computer simulates conditions on the sea bed. 这个计算机能模拟海底环境. 3 take on the appearance of (sth/sb) 模仿, 伪装（某物[某人]）: * insects that simulate dead leaves 伪装成枯叶的昆虫 * change colour to simulate the background 改变颜色以模仿得与背景一致. 派生： simulated adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] made to look, sound, etc like (sth) 模仿的; 假的: simulated fur, jewels, etc 人造毛皮、 珠宝等. simulation[7simju'leiFn; 7simjE'leFEn] n 1 [U] action of simulating 假装; 伪装; 模拟; 模仿: * the simulation of genuine concern 装出真正关心的样子 * the simulation of flight conditions 飞行环境模拟. 2 [C] operation in which a real situation, etc is represented in another form 模拟操作: * a computer simulation of the nuclear reaction 对核反应的计算机模拟. simulator n any device designed to simulate certain conditions, eg flight, weightlessness, etc （模拟某环境的）模拟装置（如模拟飞行、 失重等）.

simultaneous
[7siml'teiniEs; - 7saim-; 7saiml'teniEs] adj ~ (with sth) happening or done at the same time (as sth) 同时的; 同时发生的; 同时做出的: * simultaneous demonstrations in London and New York 在伦敦与纽约同时举行的示威游行 * The explosion was timed to be simultaneous with the plane's take-off. 把爆炸的时间定在正是飞机起飞的时刻. > simul-taneously adv. simultaneousness, simul-taneity[7simltE'ni:Eti; - 7saim-; 7saimltE'niEti] ns [U].

sin
[sin; sin] n 1 (a) [U] the breaking of a religious or moral law 违背宗教或道德原则的恶行: * a life of sin 不道德的生活. (b) [C] offence against such a law （宗教或道德上的）罪, 罪恶, 罪孽: * commit a sin 犯有罪恶 * confess one's sins to a priest 向神父认罪忏悔 * the sin of gluttony 贪食罪. 2 [C] action regarded as a serious fault or offence 严重过失: * Being late is an unforgivable sin round here. 迟到在这儿是一种不可原谅的过错. * (joc 谑) It's a sin to stay indoors on such a fine day. 这样好的天气呆在家里实在是罪过. 3 (idm 习语) cover/hide a multitude of sins =>multitude. the deadly sins =>deadly. live in sin =>live2. (as) miserable/ugly as `sin (infml 口) very miserable/ugly 非常凄惨[丑陋]. 派生： sin v (-nn-) [I, Ipr] ~ (against sth) commit a sin or sins; do wrong 犯有罪恶; 犯过错: It's human to sin. 犯过错是人之常情. * (fig 比喻) They sinned against the unwritten rules of the school. 他们违反了学校的不成文规定. sinful[-fl; -fEl] adj (esp fml 尤作文雅语) wrong; wicked 有过错的; 有过失的; 邪恶的: * Man is sinful. 是人就有过错. * sinful deeds 邪恶的行为 * (infml 口) asinful waste of good wine 浪费好酒的罪过. sinfully[-fEli;-fEli] adv. sinfulness n [U]. sinless adj (fml 文) never sinning; innocent 无罪过的; 无辜的; 清白的. sinlessness n [U]. sinner[5sinE(r); 5sinl] n: * saints and sinners 圣人和有罪过的人.

since
[sins; sins] prep (used with the present or past perfect tense 与现在完成时态或过去完成时态连用) from (a specified time in the past) till a later past time, or till now 从（过去某时间）以来、 以後或到现在: * I haven't eaten since breakfast. 我吃了早饭後到现在还什麽都没吃呢. * She's been working in a bank since leaving school. 她中学毕业後就一直在一家银行工作. * He had spoken to her only once since the party. 自从那次聚会以来, 他只跟她说过一次话. 派生： since conj 1 (used with the present perfect, past perfect or simple present tense in the main clause 与主句中的现在完成时态、 过去完成时态或一般现在时态连用) from (a specified event in the past) till a later past event, or till now 从（过去某事）以来、 以後或到现在: Where have you been since I last saw you? 自从我上次见到你以後, 你到哪儿去了? * It was the first time I'd won since I'd learnt to play chess. 自从我学会下国际象棋以来, 这是我第一次赢. * How long is it since we visited your mother? 自从我们看望你母亲以来到现在有多长时间了? 2 because; as 因为; 既然; 由於: Since we've no money we can't buy a new car. 因为我们没钱, 没法买新汽车. 3 (idm 习语) ever since =>ever. since adv (used with the present or past perfect tense 与现在完成时态或过去完成时态连用) from a specified time in the past till a later past time, or till now 从过去某时间以来、 以後或到现在: He left home two weeks ago and we haven't heard from him since. 他两星期以前离开了家, 到现在我们一直没有他的消息. * She moved to London last May and has since got a job on a newspaper. 她去年五月到伦敦, 此後一直在报社工作.

sincere
[sin'siE(r); sin'sir] adj 1 (of feelings or behaviour) not pretended; genuine （指感情或行为）真实的, 诚挚的: * sincere friendship, affection, dislike, disagreement, etc 诚挚的友谊、 真诚的爱、 真正的厌恶、 实质的分歧 * It is my sincere belief that... 我确信... * His was a sincere offer of help. 他真心实意愿意协助. 2 (of people) only saying things one really means or believes; straightforward （指人）诚实的, 直率的: * a sincere Christian 虔诚的基督教徒 * She wasn't entirely sincere when she said she liked me. 她说她喜欢我, 这话有些言不由衷. 派生： sincerely adv: thank sb sincerely 真诚地感谢某人 * yours sincerely 谨启（用於信件署名前）. =>Usage at your 用法见your. sincerity/sin'serEti; sin'serEti] n [U] quality of being sincere; honesty 真诚; 诚挚; 诚实: * the warmth and sincerity of his welcome 他热情而真诚的欢迎.

sine
[sain; sain] n (abbr 缩写 sin) (mathematics 数) (in a right-angled triangle) the ratio of the length of the side opposite one of the acute angles to the length of the hypotenuse 正弦. Cf 参看 cosine, tangent 2.

sinecure
[5sainikjuE(r), 'sin-; 5saini7kjur, 'sin-] n position that requires no work or responsibility, but gives the holder prestige or money 无工作或责任而领乾薪的职位; 挂名职位.

sinew
[5sinju:; 5sinju] n 1 [C, U] tough cord of tissue joining a muscle to a bone; tendon 腱; 肌腱. 2 sinews [pl] (a) muscles 肌肉: * The athletes waited, with all their sinews tensed. 运动员都在等待着, 全身肌肉十分紧张. (b) (fml fig 文, 比喻) source of strength or energy 力量或能量的来源: * A country's sinews are its roads and railways. 公路和铁路是国家的命脉. 派生： sinewy adj 1 having strong sinews; tough; muscular 肌肉发达的; 坚韧的; 强壮的: sinewy arms, legs, etc 粗壮的手臂、 腿等. 2 (fig 比喻) having or showing strength or vigour 强劲的; 有力的: her sinewy prose style 她那强劲有力的散文风格.

sing
[siN; siN] v (pt sang/sAN; sAN] , pp sung/sQN; sQN] )1 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ (sth) (for/to sb) make musical sounds with the voice; utter (words or notes) with a tune 唱; 歌唱; 唱（歌）: * She sings well. 她很会唱歌. * You're not singing in tune. 你唱走调了. * Birds sang/were singing away happily outside. 小鸟在外面愉快地唱个不停. * He sang to a piano accompaniment. 他演唱由钢琴伴奏. * She was singing a lullaby to her child. 她在给孩子唱摇篮曲. * He sang the baby to sleep. 他唱着歌哄孩子入睡. * Will you sing me a song? 你给我唱支歌好吗? * They sang a song for me. 他们给我唱了支歌. 2 [I, Ip] make a humming, buzzing or whistling sound 发出哼哼声、 嗡嗡声或口哨声: * The kettle was singing (away) on the cooker. 水壶在炉子上发出呜呜声. * The explosion made my ears sing, ie made me hear a singing sound. 那爆炸声震得我耳朵嗡嗡作响. 3 [I] (sl 俚 esp US) become an informer 告密: * She'll sing if we put the pressure on. 我们给她些压力她就会讲出来. 4 (idm 习语) sing a different `song/`tune change one's opinion about or attitude towards sb/sth 改变对某人[某事物]的看法或态度: * You say you don't believe in marriage, but I bet you sing a different song when you finally fall in love. 你说你认为结婚是无谓的, 但我肯定你最终爱上一个人的时候你就不这麽说了. sing sb's/sth's `praises praise sb/sth greatly 盛赞某人[某事物]: * The critics are singing the praises of her new book. 评论家高度赞扬她写的新书. 5 (phr v) sing out (for sth) (infml 口) shout (to get sth) 大声说出（要某物）: * If you need anything, just sing out for it. 你需要什麽东西就大声说出来. sing sth out (infml 口) shout (eg an order) 喊出（如命令）: * Just sing out what you want. 你要什麽尽管大声说出来. sing past, through, etc move with a humming, buzzing or whistling sound 发着哼哼声、 嗡嗡声或口哨声运动:

sing1
* A bullet sang past my ear. 一颗子弹嗖的一声从我耳边飞过. sing up sing more vigorously or loudly 唱得更有力或声音更大: * Sing up, let's hear you. 大点声唱, 让我们听听. 派生： singer n person who sings, esp in public 唱歌的人; （尤指）歌手, 歌唱家: an opera singer 歌剧演唱者. singing n [U] 1 art of the singer 唱歌的技巧: teach singing 教唱歌 * [attrib 作定语] a singing teacher 教唱歌的教师 * singing lessons 唱歌课. 2 action or sound of singing 唱歌; 歌声: their beautiful singing of the madrigal 他们的歌唱得很动听 * I heard singing next door. 我听见隔壁的歌声.

singe
[sindV; sindV] v (pres p singeing) 1 (a) [Tn] blacken (sth) by burning; scorch 烧焦或烫焦（某物）: * The iron's too hot, you'll singe the dress. 熨斗太热了, 你会把衣服烫焦的. (b) [I] be blackened or scorched in this way 被烧焦或被烫焦: * The rug singed because it was too near the fire. 地毯太靠近壁炉已烤焦了. 2 [Tn] burn off the tips or ends of (hair, feathers, etc) 烧掉（毛发、 羽毛等）的梢或根. 派生： singe n slight burn or scorch on cloth, etc （布等的）轻微烧焦或烫焦.

single
[5siNgl; 5siNgl] adj 1 [attrib 作定语] (a) one only; not in a pair, group, etc 单一的; 单个的; 仅有一个的: * a single apple hanging from the tree 树上仅挂着一个苹果 * a single layer of paint 单层颜料 * one double and one single sink-unit 一套双的和一套单的洗涤槽组合台. (b) considered on its own; separate 唯一的; 单独的: * the single most important event in the history of the world 世界史上唯一最重要的事件 * She removed every single thing from the box. 她把箱子里的东西一件不剩地全拿了出来. 2 not married 未婚的; 独身的: * single men and women 未婚男女 * remain single 一直单身 * the single state 独身. 3 [attrib 作定语] designed for, or used or done by, one person 适於一人的; 一人用的; 一人做的: * a single bed, sheet 单人床、 被单 * reserve one single and one double room, eg at a hotel 预订一个单人房间和一个双人房间. 4 [attrib 作定语] (botany 植) having only one set of petals 单瓣的: * a single tulip 单瓣郁金香. 5 [attrib 作定语] (Brit) (US one-way) (of a journey) only to a place, not there and back （指旅程）单程的: * asingle fare, ticket, etc 单程票价、 票等. Cf 参看 return2 5.6 (idm 习语) hang by a hair/a single thread =>hang1. (in) single `figures figures less than ten 个位数字（小於十）: * Interest rates are in single figures, ie under 10%. 利率为个位数字（10%以下）. (in) single file =>file3. 派生： single n 1 singles [sing v] game played with one player rather than a pair of players on each side 单打比赛: play (a) singles 进行单打比赛 * the men's/women's singles in the golf tournament 高尔夫球锦标赛男子[女子]单打 * [attrib 作定语] a singles match 单打比赛. 2 [C] (in cricket) hit for which one run is scored （板球）一分打: get a quick single 击球後速跑得一分. 3 [C] = base hit (base1). 4 [C] (infml 口) single(5) ticket 单程票: two second-class singles to Leeds 两张到利兹的二等的单程票.

single1
5 [C] record with only one short recording on each side 每面只录有一段录音的唱片: a hit single 畅销的单曲唱片. Cf 参看 album 2, EP, LP. 6 singles [pl] (esp US) unmarried people 未婚的人: a club for singles 未婚者俱乐部 * [attrib 作定语] a singles bar, holiday 未婚者的酒吧、 假日. single v (phr v) single sb/sth out (for sth) select sb/sth from others, eg for special attention 挑出或选出某人[某事物]: Which would you single out as the best? 你觉得哪一个最好? * He was singled out for punishment. 把他挑出来予以处罚. singleness n [U]: singleness of mind, ie single-mindedness一心一意 * singleness of purpose, ie concentration on one goal, aim, etc 专心致志. singly/siNgli; 5siNgli] adv one by one; on one's own 一个一个地; 个别地; 单独地: * Do you teach your students singly or in groups? 你教学生是个别地教还是按组教? 复合： ,single `combat fight, usu with weapons, between two people; duel 两人相斗（通常指用武器）; 决斗: meet in single combat 两人相斗. ,single `cream cream that contains relatively little fat 低脂奶油. ,single-`decker n bus with only one deck 单层公共汽车. ,single-`handed adj, adv done (by one person) with no help from others 独自（的）; 独力（的）: a ,single-handed `sailing trip 单人扬帆航行 * do sth single-handed 独自做某事. ,single-`minded adj having or concentrating on one aim, purpose, etc 一心一意的; 专心致志的: too single-minded to be distracted by failures 专心致志百折不挠. single-mindedly adv: work single-mindedly at sth 一心一意做某事. single-mindedness n [U]. ,single `parent parent bringing up a child/children on his/her own 单亲（单独养育子女的人）: [attrib 作定语] a ,single-parent `family 单亲家庭.

singlet
[5siNglit; 5siNglit] n (Brit) (a) man's sleeveless garment worn under or instead of a shirt; vest 男用无袖汗衫; 背心. (b) such a garment worn by runners, athletes, etc 无袖运动衫.

singsong
[5siNsCN; 5siN7sCN] adj (of a voice or way of speaking) having a rising and falling rhythm （指嗓音或说话方式）有起伏节奏的: * in a singsong voice, accent, manner 语调、 声调、 腔调有起伏节奏的. 派生： singsong n 1 [sing] singsong manner of speaking 有起伏节奏的说话方式: the tedious singsong of the preacher's voice 传教士单调乏味的起伏语调 * speak in a singsong 用有起伏节奏的声音说. 2 [C] (infml 口) informal occasion when a group of people sing songs together 即兴歌唱会: a singsong round the camp-fire 围着营火的即兴歌唱会.

singular
[5siNgjulE(r); 5siNgjEll] adj 1 (grammar) of the form used when speaking about one person or thing 单数的: * a singular verb, noun, ending 单数动词、 名词、 词尾. Cf 参看 plural. 2 (fml 文) (a) (dated 旧) unusual; strange 异常的; 奇怪的: * a singular occurrence, event, circumstance, etc 异常的现象、 事件、 情况等. (b) outstanding; remarkable 突出的; 非凡的: * a person of singular courage and honesty 极为勇敢和诚实的人. 派生： singular n (grammar) (word in a) singular form 单数形式（的词）: What is the singular of `children'? children的单数形式是怎样的? * What is the ending in the singular? 这个词的单数词尾是怎样的? singularity[7siNgju'lArEti; 7siNgjE'lArEti] n [U] (fml 文) strangeness 奇怪: * the singularity of the event 这件事的奇异之处. singularly adv (fml 文) 1 (dated 旧) unusually; strangely 异常地; 奇怪的: rather singularly attired 穿着很奇怪. 2 very; remarkably 非常; 非凡地: a singularly gifted pianist 非凡的天才钢琴家.

sinister
[5sinistE(r); 5sinistl] adj 1 suggesting evil, or that sth bad may happen 邪恶的; 险恶的; 不吉祥的; 凶兆的: * a sinister motive, action, place 邪恶的动机、 险恶的行动、 不祥之处. 2 suggesting an evil nature 凶恶的; 阴险的: * a sinister face 凶恶的脸 * sinister looks 阴险的神情.

sink
1[siNk; siNk] v (pt sank/sANk; sANk] , pp sunk/sQNk; sQNk] ) 1 [I, Ipr, Ip] go down under the surface of a liquid or soft substance 下沉; 沉没: * Wood does not sink in water, it floats. 木头在水中不沉, 而是漂在水面. * The ship sank (to the bottom of the ocean). 船沉（到海底）了. * My feet sank (down) into the mud. 我的脚陷进了泥里. * It fell onto the wet sand, then sank (in). 那个东西掉在潮湿的沙子上, 然後沉了下去. 2 [Tn] (a) cause (a ship, etc) to go to the bottom of the sea 使（船等）沉到海底: * a carrier sunk by a torpedo 被鱼雷击沉的航空母舰 * They sank the barge by making a hole in the bottom. 他们在驳船底部打个洞把它弄沉了. (b) (fig infml 比喻, 口) prevent (sb or sb's plans) from succeeding; ruin 阻止或搞垮（某人或某人的计画）; 毁灭: * The press want to sink his bid for the Presidency. 新闻界想搞垮他参选总统职位的计画. * We'll be sunk if the car breaks down. 要是汽车坏了, 我们就糟了. 3 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip] become lower; fall slowly downwards 变低; 缓慢下陷或倒下: * The foundations sank (two feet) after the flood. 洪水退後地基下陷了（两英尺）. * The earthquake made the wall sink and start to crumble. 这次地震把这堵墙震得下陷并开始崩塌. * The soldier sank to the ground badly wounded. 那士兵受了重伤, 倒在地上. * I sank (down) into an armchair. 我一下子坐在单座沙发上. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] cause (sth) to be lower; move (sth) downwards 使（某物）变低; 将（某物）下降: * sink the cable into position on the sea bed 把电缆沉到海底的位置 * (fig 比喻) sink one's voice to a whisper 把自己的声音减小变成耳语. 4 (a) [I, Ipr] (of the sun) go down below the horizon （指太阳）落下: the sun sinking in the west 西下的太阳 * The sun sank slowly behind the hills. 太阳慢慢落山了. (b) [I, Ipr] lose value, strength, etc gradually; decline 逐渐贬值、 变弱等; 衰退: Stocks and shares are sinking. 股票正在逐渐贬值.

sink1
* The value of our currency has sunk to almost nothing. 我们货币已经毛得简直分文不值了. * He is sinking fast, ie will soon die. 他快死了. * (fig 比喻) sink in the estimation of one's friends 在朋友中人缘越来越差 * (fig 比喻) His voice sank to a whisper. 他的声音逐渐小得成了耳语. 5 (a) place (sth) in a hole made by digging 将（某物）置於掘的洞中: sink two posts (into the ground) here 把两根杆子埋到这里（的地上）. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] make (sth) by digging 掘, 挖, 凿（某物）: sink a well, shaft, etc 掘井、 矿井等 * sink a tunnel into the side of the mountain 在山腰挖隧道. 6 [Tn, Tn.pr] send (a ball) into a pocket or hole (in billiards, golf, etc) 将（球）击入袋中或洞中（台球、 高尔夫球等）: sink the red (into the top pocket) 把红球打入顶头的袋中. 7 [Tn] (infml 口) drink (esp a large amount of alcohol) 喝（尤指大量的酒）: They sank a bottle of gin between them. 他们俩喝了一瓶杜松子酒. 8 (idm 习语) be sunk in sth be in such a state of (esp despair or deep thought) 陷入或堕入（某状态）（尤指绝望或沉思）: She just sat there, sunk in depression. 她就坐在那里, 情绪十分低落. one's heart sinks =>heart. sink one's `differences agree to forget what one disagrees about 同意放弃不同意见: We must sink our differences and save the firm. 我们必须消除分歧以挽救公司. a/that `sinking feeling (infml 口) feeling that sth bad is about to happen 感到要出事: When they didn't get back by midnight, I got that sinking feeling. 他们到半夜时还没回来, 我感到心神不定. sink like a `stone sink straight down immediately 急速下降或下落. ,sink or `swim (saying 谚) (used of a situation where one will either fail totally or survive by one's own efforts 用以指或完全失败或自力更生的情况): The refugees had lost their homes and their possessions, and it was now (a case of) sink or swim. 这些难民失去了家园和财产, 若不自救别无生路.

sink2
9 (phr v) sink in/sink into sth (a) (of liquids) go down into another substance; be absorbed （指液体）渗入（某一物质）, 被吸收: Rub the cream on your skin and let it sink in. 把这种软膏搽在皮肤上, 让它渗进去. * The rain sank into the dry ground. 雨水渗入乾燥的土地. (b) (of words, etc) be fully understood （指话语等）完全理解: The scale of the tragedy gradually sank in. 这一悲惨事件涉及的范围已逐渐完全清楚了. * My warning obviously hasn't sunk into your thick skull. 我对你的警告, 你显然全不理解. sink into sth (no passive 不用於被动语态) go into (a less active or happy state) 陷入（消极、 不活跃或不愉快的状态）: sink into sleep, a coma, etc 入睡、 陷入昏迷 * Don't let yourself sink into despair. 别让自己陷入绝望的境地. sink sth into sth (a) make sth go into sth 使某物进入另一物中: sink one's teeth into a bun, ie bite it 咬面包 * sink a knife into butter 把刀插进黄油里. (b) invest (money) in a business, etc 将（钱）投资到某生意等中: They sank all their profits into (ie used them to buy) property. 他们用全部赢利购买了房地产. 复合： `sinking fund money put aside by a government or company, etc to be used to repay a debt gradually （政府、 公司等准备的）偿债基金.

sinker
[5siNkE(r); 5siNkl] n 1 weight attached to a fishing-line or net to keep it under water （钓丝或鱼网上的）铅坠. 2 (idm 习语) hook, line and sinker =>hook1.

Sino-
(also sino-) comb form 构词成分 Chinese; of China 中国的: sinology * Sino-Japanese.

sinology
[sai'nClEdVi; sai'nalEdVi] n [U] knowledge or study of China and its language and culture 汉学. 派生： sinologist[-dVist; -dVist] n expert in sinology 汉学家.

sinuous
[5sinjuEs; 5sinjuEs] adj having many curves and twists; winding 弯曲的; 蜿蜒的: * the sinuous movements of the dancer 舞蹈演员柔美的动作 * the river's sinuous course 那条河的蜿蜒的河道. 派生： sinuosity[7sinju'CsEti; 7sinju'asEti] n (fml 文) 1 [U] quality of being sinuous 弯曲; 蜿蜒. 2 [C] curve or twist 弯曲处; 曲折.

sinus
[5sainEs; 5sainEs] n cavity in a bone, esp any of the air-filled spaces in the skull that are connected to the nostrils 窦（骨骼中的空穴, 尤指颅骨中的）. 派生： sinusitis[7sainE'saitis; 7sainE'saitis] n [U] inflammation of a sinus membrane 窦炎.

sip
[sip; sip] v (-pp-) [I, Tn] drink (sth), taking very small quantities each time 小口喝; 抿: * drink one's tea, sipping noisily 喝茶时小口抿出声 * sip one's coffee 一小口一小口地喝咖啡. 派生： sip n act of sipping; amount sipped 小口喝; 抿; 一小口的量: a few sips of brandy 抿了几口白兰地.

siphon
[5saifn; 5saifEn] n 1 pipe, tube, etc in the form of an upside-down U, used for making a liquid flow, eg from one container to another, using atmospheric pressure 虹吸管. 2 (also soda siphon) bottle from which soda-water can be forced out by the pressure of gas in the bottle 虹吸瓶. 3 sucking-tube of some insects and animals （某些昆虫和其他动物的）管形口器或吸管. 派生： siphon v (phr v) siphon sth into/out of sth; siphon sth off/out draw (a liquid) from one place to another using a siphon 用虹吸管将（液体）抽出: siphon petrol out of a car into a can 把汽车里的汽油用虹吸管抽进罐里 * siphon off all the waste liquid 把全部废液用虹吸管抽掉. siphon sb/sth off (infml often derog 口, 常作贬义) transfer sb/sth from one place to another, often unfairly or illegally 将某人[某物]由一处抽调到另一处（通常指不公正地或非法地）: The big clubs siphon off all the best players. 大俱乐部把所有最佳选手都抽调走了. * She siphoned off profits from the business into her account. 她把企业的赢利转到了自己的帐户上.

sir
[sE:(r); sE] n 1 (a) (used as a polite way of addressing a man 对男子的礼貌称呼): * Yes, sir. 是的, 先生. * Are you ready to order, sir? 先生, 要点什麽? * Sir, it is my duty to inform you that... 先生, 我必须通知您.... (b) (used as a form of address by schoolchildren to a male teacher 中小学生对男教师的称呼). Cf 参看 miss2 2. 2 Sir (used at the beginning of a formal letter 用於正式信件的开头): * Dear Sir/Sirs 敬启者. 3 Sir/sE(r); sL/ (title used before the first name of a knight or baronet 冠於爵士或准男爵的名字之前或名字与姓之前, 但不可只用於姓之前): * Sir `Edward 爱德华爵士 * Sir ,John `Jackson 约翰．杰克逊爵士. 4 (idm 习语) ,no `sir! (US infml 口) certainly not 绝不: * I never smoke, no sir! 我从来不吸烟, 绝对不吸!

sire
[5saiE(r); sair] n male parent of an animal 雄性种兽: * the sire of many successful racehorses 繁殖了多匹比赛得奖马的雄性种马. 派生： sire v [Tn] be the sire of (an animal) （雄性种兽）繁殖（幼兽）: a filly sired by a famous racehorse 一着名雄性赛马的牝驹.

siren
[5saiErEn; 5sairEn] n 1 device that makes a long loud sound as a signal or warning 汽笛; 警报器: * an air-raid siren 空袭警报器 * a police siren 警察用的警报器 * an ambulance/a fire-engine racing along with its sirens wailing 响着警报器急驰而过的救护车[消防车]. 2 (in Greek mythology) one of a number of winged women whose songs lured sailors to their destruction （希腊神话中的）塞壬（半鸟半女人的怪物, 常用美妙的歌声引诱航海者触礁毁灭）. 3 woman regarded as fascinating and dangerous 妖艳而危险的女人.

sirloin
[5sE:lCin; 5sElCin] n [U, C] best part of a loin of beef 牛腰上部的肉: * a slice of sirloin 一块牛腰肉 * a top-quality sirloin 上好的牛腰肉.

sirocco
[si'rCkEu; sE'rako] n (pl ~s) hot moist wind reaching Italy from Africa （由非洲吹到意大利的）潮湿热风.

sirup
(US) =>syrup.

sisal
[5saisl; 5saisl] n 1 [U] rope-fibre made from the leaves of a tropical plant 西沙尔麻, 剑麻（由热带植物叶制成的纤维, 可制绳）: * [attrib 作定语] sisal grass, fibre, rope, etc 西沙尔草、 纤维、 绳等. 2 [C] the plant itself 做西沙尔麻的植物.

sissy
(also cissy)[5sisi; 5sisi] n (infml derog 口, 贬) effeminate or cowardly boy or man 柔弱或怯懦的男子; 女人腔的男子: * You daren't jump down, you sissy! 你不敢往下跳, 你不是男子汉! * [attrib 作定语] sissy games, behaviour 女孩儿的游戏、 举止.

sister
[5sistE(r); 5sistl] n 1 daughter of the same parents as oneself or another person 姐; 妹: * my, your, his, etc big sister 我的、 你的、 他的...姐姐 * She has been like a sister to me, ie has behaved as a sister does. 她一向待我亲如姐妹. 2 (used esp by feminist women 尤为提倡女权主义的女性使用) fellow woman 姐妹: * They supported their sisters in the dispute. 她们在辩论中支持她们的姐妹. 3 (US infml 口) (used to address a woman 用以称呼女子): * Come on, sister, hurry along! 好了, 大姐, 快点! 4 (Brit) senior hospital nurse 护士长. 5 Sister member of certain female religious orders; nun 修女: * the Little Sisters of the Poor 贫民救济修女会. 6 [attrib 作定语] (eg of a ship or an organization) of the same design or type （例如指船或团体）同样类型的: * After the disaster, tests were carried out on the tanker's sister vessels. 那艘油轮遇难後, 对同类型的油轮都进行了检验. * our sister college in Cambridge 我们剑桥大学的姐妹学院. 派生： sisterhood n 1 [U] relationship of sisters(1,2) (esp as claimed by feminist women) 姐妹关系（尤为女权主义者使用）. 2 [Gp] society of women with shared interests or aims, esp a religious society 女性社团（尤指宗教社团）. sisterly adj of or like a sister （似）姐妹的: sisterly love 姐妹般的爱 * a sisterly kiss 姐妹般的亲吻. 复合： `sister-in-law n (pl ~s-in-law) sister of one's wife or husband; wife of one's brother 妻或夫的姐或妹（姑子; 姨子）; 兄或弟的妻子（嫂子; 弟媳）.

sit
[sit; sit] v (-tt-; pt, pp sat/sAt; sAt] ) 1 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip] be in a position in which the body is upright and resting on the buttocks, either on a seat or on the ground 坐; 就座: * Never stand when you can sit. 能坐着就别站着. * Are you sitting comfortably? 你坐得舒服吗? * sit on a chair, on the floor, in an armchair, etc 坐在椅子上、 地板上、 单座沙发上等 * sit at (a) table to eat 坐在桌旁吃饭 * sit on a horse 骑在马上. (b) [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (sb) (down); ~ oneself down (cause sb to) take up such a position; place (sb) in a sitting position （使某人）坐, 就座; 将（某人）安置成坐着的姿势: * She sat (down) on the chair and took her shoes off. 她坐在椅子上, 把鞋脱了. * He lifted the child and sat (ie seated) her on the wall. 他把小孩举起来, 让她坐在墙上. * Sit yourself down and tell us what happened. 你坐下, 告诉我们怎麽回事. * (fig 比喻) We must sit down together and settle our differences. 我们得坐下来解决分歧. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (for sb) pose for a portrait 坐着供人画像或拍照: * I sat every day for a week until the painting was finished. 我每天那样坐着, 一个星期才把我画好. * sit for a famous painter 坐着供一位名画家画像. 3 [I] (of a parliament, lawcourt, committee, etc) hold a meeting （指国会、 法庭、 委员会等）开会, 开庭: * The House of Commons was still sitting at 3 am. 下议院凌晨叁时仍在开会. 4 [I, Ipr] (a) (of birds) perch （指鸟）栖: * a sparrow sitting on a branch 栖在树枝上的麻雀. (b) (of certain animals, esp dogs) rest with the hind legs bent and the rear end on the ground （指某些动物, 尤指狗）坐: * `Sit!’ she told the dog. ‘坐下!’她对狗说. 5 [I] (of birds) stay on the nest to hatch eggs （指禽）孵卵: * The hen sits for most of the day. 这只母鸡整天大部分时间都在抱窝.

sit1
6 [I, Ipr] ~ (on sb) (usu followed by an adv 通常後接副词) (of clothes) fit the body well （指衣服）合身: * a dress that sits well, loosely, etc on sb 某人穿着合身、 宽松等的连衣裙 * The coat sits badly across the shoulders. 这件大衣肩部不合适. * (fig 比喻) His new-found prosperity sits well on him, ie suits him well. 他别开蹊径十分称心如意. 7 [Ipr] be in a certain position; lie 处於某位置; 位於: * The book's still sitting on my shelf, ie I haven't read it. 那本书仍在我的书架上搁着呢（我还没看呢）. * The farm sits on top of the hill. 那个农场在山顶上. 8 [Ipr, Tn] ~ (for) sth be a candidate for (an examination) 参加（考试）: * sit (for) an exam/a test 参加考试[测试] * sit for a scholarship 为获奖学金而参加考试. 9 (idm 习语) sit at sb's `feet be sb's pupil or follower 做某人的弟子或追随者: * She sat at the feet of Freud himself. 她师承弗洛伊德. sit in `judgement (on/over sb) judge sb, esp when one has no right to do so 评论某人（尤指论者无此资格）: * How dare you sit in judgement on me? 你怎麽敢对我妄加评论? sit on the `fence hesitate or fail to decide between two opposite courses of action, sets of beliefs, etc 骑墙; 持观望态度. sit on one's `hands do nothing 什麽都不干: * Are you going to sit on your hands while she does all the work? 所有的工作都是她做, 你难道什麽都不干吗? a ,sitting `duck person or thing that is an easy target, or is easy to attack 容易攻击或容易击中的人或事物: * Without my gun, I'm a sitting duck for any terrorist. 没有这支枪, 我就成了恐怖分子下手的目标. ,sitting `pretty (infml 口) in a fortunate situation, esp when others are unlucky 处境幸运（尤指别人不幸时）: * I was properly insured so I'm sitting pretty. 我已经有了一定的保险, 因而有备无患了. ,sit `tight (a) remain where one is 留在原处; 不动:

sit2
* All the others ran away, but I sat tight. 别人都跑了, 但我在原地没动. (b) refuse to take action, yield, etc 不采取行动、 不屈服等: * She threatened us with dismissal if we didn't agree, but we all sat tight. 她威胁说若我们不同意就把我们解雇, 但大家都没理会. sit `up (and take notice) (infml 口) suddenly start paying attention to what is happening, being said, etc 突然注意起发生的事情或说的话等: * I called her a damned hypocrite and that made her sit up. 我骂她惺惺作态, 她马上警觉起来. * This news made us all sit up and take notice. 这消息立即引起我们大家的注意. 10 (phr v) sit around spend one's time sitting down, unwilling or unable to do anything 闲坐着（什麽事都不愿做或不能做）: * I've been sitting around waiting for the phone to ring all day. 我一整天都坐在那儿等着来电话. sit back (a) settle oneself comfortably back, eg in a chair 倚着靠背舒服地坐着（如在椅子上）: * I sat back and enjoyed a cup of tea. 我向後靠着舒适地坐着品茶. (b) relax after working; do nothing 工作之後歇息; 什麽都不做: * I like to sit back and rest in the evenings. 我喜欢在晚上什麽也不做, 好好休息. * Are you going to sit back and let me do everything? 你什麽事都不想做, 所有事都让我干? sit down under sth (fml 文) suffer (insults, etc) without protest or complaint 忍受（凌辱等）（不反抗或不抱怨）: * He should not sit down under these accusations. 他不应该默默地忍受这类指责. sit for sth (no passive 不用於被动语态) (Brit) be the Member of Parliament for (a constituency) 任（某选区）的议会议员: * I sit for Bristol West. 我是西布里斯托尔的议会议员. sit in occupy (part of) a building as a protest 静坐示威（占据一建 物或其中一部分）: * The workers are sitting in against the factory closures. 工人们静坐示威抗议关闭工厂. sit in on sth attend (a discussion, etc) as an observer, not as a participant 列席（讨论会等）:

sit3
* The teachers allowed a pupil to sit in on their meeting. 教师允许有一名学生列席他们的会议. sit on sth (a) (no passive 不用於被动语态) be a member of (a committee, jury, etc) 做（委员会、 陪审团等）的成员: * How many people sit on the commission? 委员会有多少成员? (b) (infml 口) fail to deal with sth 搁置; 积压: * They have been sitting on my application for a month. 他们把我的申请搁置了一个月. sit on sb stop sb's bad or awkward behaviour 制止某人的不良举动: * I have to sit on the class when they get too rowdy. 班上学生太闹时, 我就得管一管. * She thinks she knows everything, and needs sitting on. 她认为她什麽都 懂, 需要管束一下. sit out sit outdoors 坐在户外: * The garden's so lovely, I think I'll sit out. 花园真漂亮, 我想我还是坐在外面好. sit sth out (a) stay to the end of (a performance, etc) 坐着直到（演出等）结束: * sit out a boring play 耐着性子看完一出乏味的话剧. (b) not take part in (a particular dance) 不想跳（某种舞）: * I think I'll sit out the rumba. 我不想跳伦巴舞. sit through sth remain in a theatre, etc from the beginning to the end of (a performance, etc) （在剧院等）一直坐到（演出等）结束: * I can't sit through six hours of Wagner! 看六小时的瓦格纳歌剧我可坐不住! sit up (for sb) not go to bed until later than the usual time, esp because one is waiting for sb 晚睡（尤指为等候某人）: * I shall get back late, so don't sit up (for me). 我要晚些回来, 别（为等我）晚睡. * The nurse sat up with the patient all night. 那护士整夜没睡守护着病人. * We sat up late watching a film on TV. 我们很晚都没睡觉还在看电视影片. sit (sb) up (cause sb to) move to an upright position after lying flat, slouching, etc （使某人）坐起来, 坐直, 坐正, 端坐: * The patient is well enough to sit up in bed now. 病人现在已能在床上坐起来了.

sit4
* We sat the baby up to feed her. 我们让那婴儿坐正了好喂她. * Sit up straight! 坐直了! Cf 参看 sit up (and take notice). 复合： `sit-down n 1 (also ,sit-down `strike) strike in which workers occupy a factory, etc until their demands are considered or met 静坐罢工（工人占据厂房, 争取要求获考虑或满足）. sitar /// /si'ta:(r), 'sita:(r); si'tar, 'si7tar] n Indian stringed instrument resembling a guitar, with a long neck 锡塔琴（似吉他的印度弦乐器）.

sitcom
[5sitkCm; 5sit7kam] n (infml 口) = situation comedy (situation).

site
[sait; sait] n 1 place where a building, town, etc was, is, or will be situated （建 物、 城镇等的）地方, 位置, 遗址, 地基: * built on the site of a Roman fort 建 在古罗马城堡的遗址上 * a site for a new school 选定的新校址 * deliver the materials to a building site 把建 材料送到工地去 * I picked a sheltered site for the tent. 我选了个有遮蔽的地方搭帐棚. 2 place where sth has happened or will happen, or for a particular activity （事情发生的或活动的）地点, 现场: * the site of the battle 战场 * Rescue workers rushed to the site of the plane crash. 救护人员急速赶到飞机坠毁的现场. 派生： site v [Tn, Tn.pr] locate (a building, etc); place 择定（建 物等）的位置; 设置: a factory sited next to a railway line 设置在铁路沿线的工厂 * Is it safe to site the power-station here? 把发电厂建在这里安全吗?

sitter
[5sitE(r); 5sitl] n 1 person who is being painted or photographed 被画像或拍照的人. 2 (a) bird or animal that is not flying or moving and is therefore easy to shoot 不在飞行中或运动中的鸟或兽（因而容易射中）. (b) (sl 俚) thing that is easy to do, catch, etc 易做的或易捕捉的事物: * The purse in her handbag was a sitter for any thief. 她手提袋里的钱包小偷很容易偷走. 3 (with an adj 与形容词连用) hen that sits (sit 5) 孵蛋的母鸡: * a good/poor sitter 孵蛋的[不孵蛋的]母鸡. 4 (infml 口) = baby-sitter (baby).

sitting
[5sitiN; 5sitiN] n 1 time during which a lawcourt, parliament, etc sits continuously （法庭、 议会等）开庭、 开会等的期间: * during a long sitting 在冗长的议会开会期间. 2 period when a group of people eat a meal 一批人就餐的时间: * The dining-hall is small, so there are two sittings for lunch. 饭厅很小, 所以午饭分两批吃. * About 100 people can be served at one sitting, ie together, at onetime. 约一百人可同时进餐. 3 period spent continuously in one activity 持续进行某一活动的时间: * finish reading a book at one sitting 一口气读完一本书. 4 period spent by sb being painted or photographed 供人画像或拍照的时间: * The portrait was completed after six sittings. 这幅画模特儿坐了六次才画完. 5 number of eggs on which a hen sits （一只母鸡等）一次孵的卵数.

situate
[5sitjueit; - 'sitFueit; 5sitFu7et] v [Tn.pr esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (fml 文) place or locate (eg a building or town) in a certain position 使（如建 物或城镇）建於或坐落在某处: * The company wants to situate its headquarters in the north. 公司想把总部设在北方. * The village is situated in a valley. 那个村子在山谷里. * Where will the school be situated? 学校要建在哪儿? 派生： situated adj [pred 作表语] (of a person) in circumstances of a specified kind; placed （指人）处於某种境况: Having six children and no income, I was badly situated. 我有六个孩子却没有收入, 生活十分困难. * How are you situated with regard to equipment? ie Do you have all you need? 你所需的设备都有了吗?

situation
[7sitFu'eiFn; 7sitFu'eFEn] n 1 set of circumstances or state of affairs, esp at a certain time 状况, 处境, 局面, 形势（尤指某时期的）: * find oneself in an embarrassing situation 觉得自己处於尴尬的境地 * get into/out of adifficult situation 陷入[摆脱]困难的状况 * the worseningdiplomatic situation 日趋恶化的外交局面 * The company is in a poor financial situation, eg is losing money. 公司财务状况不佳. 2 position of a town, building, etc in relation to its surroundings （城镇、 建 物等相对於周围环境的）位置: * a beautiful situation overlooking the valley 可俯瞰山谷的优美地点. 3 (fml 文) paid job 有酬劳的工作; 职业: * find a new situation 找个新工作 * Situations vacant/Situations wanted, eg as headings for newspaper advertisements from people offering or looking for jobs. 招聘[求职]（如报纸上的广告标题）. 4 (idm 习语) save the situation => save. 复合： ,situation `comedy (also infml 口语作 sitcom) comedy, usu a TV or radio programme, based on a set of characters in a particular situation 情景喜剧（一批角色在特定情景中的喜剧表演, 通常指电视或广播剧）.

six
[siks; siks] pron, det 1 6; one more than five 6, 六（个）. =>App 4 见附录4. 2 (idm 习语) at ,sixes and `sevens (infml 口) in confusion 乱七八糟: * I haven't had time to arrange everything, so I'm all at sixes and sevens. 我没来得及把每件事都安排好, 因此心里七上八下的. 派生： six n the number 6 *6; 六. sixth/siksW; siksW] pron, det 6th; next after fifth 第6, 第六（个）. sixthly adv. n one of six equal parts of sth 六分之一: * save a sixth of one's income 把收入的六分之一储存起来. `sixth form (Brit) (in secondary schools) class of pupils preparing for A-level examinations （中学）六年级（为准备参加英国普通教育文凭高级程度考试的班级）: * [attrib 作定语] a sixth-form pupil, lesson 中学六年级的学生、 课. `sixth-former n pupil in this form 中学六年级学生. For the uses of six and sixth see the examples at five and fifth. 关於six和sixth的用法见five和fifth词条中的示例. 复合： sixfold[5siksfEuld; 5siks'fold] adj, adv 1 six times as much or as many; six times as great 六倍（的）: * a sixfoldincrease 六倍的增加 * increase sixfold 增加六倍. 2 having six parts 有六个部分的. ,six-`footer n (infml 口) 1 person who is six foot tall 身高六英尺的人. 2 thing that is six foot long 六英尺长的东西. `six-pack n (esp US) case of six bottles or cans, esp of beer 六瓶或六罐装（尤指啤酒）. `sixpence[5sikspEns; 5sikspEns] n 1 former GB coin having a value of six old pennies (before 1971) （英国旧时）面值六便士的硬币（1971年前）. 2 sum of six pennies 六便士: * It costs sixpence. 价值为六便士. sixpenny[5sikspEni; 5siks7pEni] adj [attrib 作定语] costing six pennies 值六便士的. ,six-`shooter n revolver with six bullets when fully loaded 六发左轮手枪.

sixteen
[7sik'sti:n; siks'tin] pron, det 16; one more than fifteen 16, 十六（个）. =>App 4 见附录4. 派生： sixteen n the number 16 *16; 十六. sixteenth/sik'sti:nW; siks'tinW] pron, det 16th; next after fifteenth 第16, 第十六（个）. n one of sixteen equal parts of sth 十六分之一. six`teenth note (US) = semiquaver. For the uses of sixteen and sixteenth see the examples at five and fifth. 关於sixteen和sixteenth的用法见five和fifth词条中的示例.

sixty
[5siksti; 5siksti] pron, det 60; one more than fifty-nine *60, 六十（个）. =>App 4 见附录4. 派生： sixtieth[5sikstiEW; 5sikstiiW] pron, det 60th; next after fifty-ninth 第60, 第六十（个）. n one of sixty equal parts of sth 六十分之一. sixty n 1 the number 60 *60; 六十. 2 the sixties [pl] numbers, years or temperature from 60 to 69 从60到69的数目、 年数或温度. 3 (idm 习语) in one's `sixties between the ages of 60 and 70 在60岁到70岁之间. For the uses of sixty and sixtieth see the examples at five and fifth. 关於sixty和sixtieth的用法见five和fifth词条中的示例.

size
1[saiz; saiz] n 1 [U, C] the measurements or amount of sth; degree of largeness or smallness （量度、 数量或程度的）大小, 多少: * a building of vast size 巨大的建 物 * the car's compact size 小型的汽车 * people of all shapes and sizes 各种形体的人 * about the size of (ie about as large as) a duck's egg 约鸭蛋般大小 * the size of the cheque 支票的数额 * a house of some size, ie a fairly large house 相当大的房子 * They're both of a size, ie are the same size. 这两个大小相同. 2 [C] any of a number of standard measurements in which items such as clothes are made （服装等的）号, 码: * a size fifteen collar 十五号的领子 * trousers three sizes too large 大了叁号的裤子 * I take size nine shoes. 我穿九号的鞋. * You need a smaller size. 你需要小点号的. * Try this on for size, ie to see if it fits, whether or not you like it. 穿上这个试试尺码. 3 (idm 习语) that's about `it/about the `size of it that is (roughly) how matters stand 大致上就是这样. 派生： size v 1 [Tn] sort (sth) according to size 将（某物）按大小排列或分类. 2 (phr v) size sb/sth up (infml 口) form a judgement or opinion of sb/sth 判断或估计某人[某事物]: We sized each other up at our first meeting. 我们初次见面时相互打量了一番. sizeable (also sizable)[-Ebl; -Ebl] adj fairly large 相当大的; 颇大的: * a sizeable field, house, sum of money 相当大的一块地[一所房子/一笔钱]. -sized (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having the specified size 某种大小的: a medium-sized garden.

sizzle
[5sizl; 5sizl] v [I, Ip] (infml 口) make the hissing sound eg of sth frying in fat 发醚醚声（如煎炸声）: * sausages sizzling (away) in the pan 在锅里发出醚醚声的香肠 * water sizzling as it falls on a hot rock 落在滚烫的石头上醚醚作响的水 * (fig 比喻) a sizzling hot day 炎热的一天. 派生： sizzle n [sing] this sound 醚醚声. sizzler[5sizlE(r); 5sizll] n (infml 口) very hot day 炎热的日子; 大热天: * Whew! What a sizzler! 唷! 多热的天哪!

skate
1[skeit; sket] n 1 (a) (also `ice-skate) either of a pair of boots with steel blades fixed to the soles so that the wearer can glide smoothly over ice 溜冰鞋. (b) one of these blades 冰刀. 2 = roller-skate (roller). 3 (idm 习语) get/put one's `skates on (infml 口) hurry up 赶快: * Get your skates on or you'll miss the bus. 快点儿, 不然你就赶不上公共汽车了. 派生： skate v [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn] 1 move on skates; perform (sth) while moving in this way 溜冰; 溜冰表演（某动作）: Can you skate? 你会滑冰吗? * skate along, past, over, etc (sth) 溜冰沿着、 经过、 越过...（某物） * skate a figure of eight 溜8字形. 2 (idm 习语) be skating on thin `ice talk about or do sth that can easily cause disagreement, protest or other trouble 谈论或做易引起分歧、 反对意见或其他麻烦的事: We could ignore him and go direct to the chairman, but we'd be skating on very thin ice. 我们可以不理会他而直接去找主席, 但那样做我们就如履薄冰了. 3 (phr v) skate over/round sth not deal with sth directly 间接处理某事物; 不直接触及某事物: skate over a difficulty, a delicate issue 对一困难、 敏感问题一带而过 * She skated round the likely cost of the plan. 她婉转地提到这项计画可能需要的费用. skater n person who skates 滑冰的人. skating n [U] sport of moving on skates 冰上运动: [attrib 作定语] a skating competition, club 滑冰比赛、 俱乐部. 复合： `skateboard n narrow board about 50 cm long, with roller-skate wheels fixed to it, which the rider stands on, eg to take part in races, demonstrate skill, etc 滑板（长约50厘米的窄板, 装有滑轮, 可站在上面滑行, 如作比赛或表演等）. =>illus 见插图. `skateboarder n person who uses a skateboard 玩滑板的人. `skateboarding n [U] sport of riding a skateboard 滑板运动. `skating-rink n area of natural or artificial ice for ice-skating; smooth area used for roller-skating 滑冰场; 旱冰场.

skedaddle
[ski'dAdl; ski'dAdl] v [I] (Brit infml 口) (usu imperative 通常用於祈使句) go away quickly 快走开.

skein
[skein; sken] n 1 length of wool, thread, etc wound into a loose coil （纱、 线等的）一束. 2 group of wild geese, etc in flight （飞行中的）一群（大雁等）.

skeleton
[5skelitn; 5skelEtn] n 1 (a) framework of bones supporting an animal or a human body （动物或人的）骨骼, 骨架: * The child was reduced to a skeleton, ie very thin because of hunger, illness, etc. 这孩子骨瘦如 柴. (b) such a framework, or a model of it, fixed in the position it has in the body, used esp for the purposes of study 骨架或骨架模型（尤用於科研）: * ape skeletons inthe museum 博物馆里的猿的骨架. 2 (a) any supportingstructure or framework, eg of a building 框架结构, 骨架结构（如建 物的）: * The block is still just a skeleton of girders. 这片建 还只是仅有主梁的骨架. (b) outline to which details are to be added 纲要; 提要: * Her notes give us just the bare skeleton of her theory. 她的笔记只给我们提供了她的理论的梗概. 3 [attrib 作定语] having the smallest possible number of people, vehicles, etc needed to run an operation （进行一项作业所需的）最起码数量的人员、 车辆等: * a skeleton crew, staff, etc 最低数量的船员、 职员等 * We only have a skeleton bus service on public holidays. 在公众假期, 只有最少量的公共汽车营运. 4 (idm 习语) a skeleton in the `cupboard secret which would embarrass sb if it became known （若揭露出来可能使某人难堪的）秘密: * bribery of officials and other skeletons in the government's cupboard 政府中的官员受贿以及其他丑事. 复合： `skeleton key key that will open several different locks 万能钥匙.

skeleton>>²åÍ¼. ÅÉÉú£º pelvic[>2aI14. AEEua3o pelvic[
'font-family:Kingsoft Phonetic Plain'>5pelvik; 5pelvik] adj of or relating to the pelvis 骨盆的; 关於骨盆的.

skeptic
= sceptic.

sketch
[sketF; sketF] n 1 rough quickly-made drawing, without many details 素描; 速写; 草图: * make a sketch of a face, place 作一面部、 地方的速写. 2 short account or description, giving only basic details 简短的陈述或描写: * a newspaper sketch of a debate in Parliament 报上关於议会辩论的简短报道 * give a sketch of one's plans 概述一项计画. 3 short funny play or piece of writing 诙谐的短剧或短文: * a sketch set in a doctor's surgery 以医生诊所为背景的诙谐短剧 * She writes satirical sketches for a magazine. 她为一家杂志撰写讽刺小品. 派生： sketch [I, Tn] 1 draw sketches; make a sketch of (sb/sth) 作素描; 画速写; 作（某人[某事物]）的素描、 速写或草图: go into the park to sketch (flowers) 去公园作（花卉）写生. 2 (phr v) sketch sth out give a general description or account of sth; outline sth 概述（某事）; 草拟: sketch out proposals for a new road 草拟修建新路的计画 * Sketch out what you intend to do. 把你要做的事概括地叙述一下. sketchy adj (-ier, -iest) (often derog 常作贬义) lacking thoroughness and detail; incomplete; rough 概要的; 不完全的; 粗略的: Your essay gives a rather sketchy treatment of the problem. 你的文章只粗略地涉及到这个问题. * I have only a sketchy knowledge of geography. 我对地理只是一知半解. * Information about the crisis was sketchy and hard to get. 关於这次危机的消息所知甚少并且很难获得. sketchily adv: The book treats the problem too sketchily. 该书关於这一问题写得太简略. `sketchiness n [U]. 复合： `sketch-book, `sketch-pad ns book of sheets of paper for sketching on 素描簿; 速写簿. `sketch-map n map, usu drawn by hand, that shows only basic details 略图; （通常指手画的）地图.

skew
[skju:; skju] adj [usu pred 通常作表语] not straight; twisted or slanting 歪; 斜; 偏: * The picture is a bit skew. 这幅画有点歪. Cf 参看 askew. 派生： skew n (idm 习语) on the `skew skew 歪; 斜; 偏. 复合： skew-whiff[7skju:'wif; 5skju7hwif] adj (Brit infml 口) skew 歪的; 斜的; 偏的: * You've got your hat on skew-whiff. 你帽子戴歪了.

skewbald
[5skju:bC:ld; 5skju7bCld] n, adj (animal, esp a horse) having patches of white and another colour (usu not black) 白色与另一颜色（黑色除外）夹杂的（动物, 尤指马）. Cf 参看 piebald.

skewer
[5skjuE(r); 5skjul] n pin of wood or metal with a point, pushed through meat to hold it together while cooking 串肉扦, 烤肉扦（烤肉时串肉用的）. 派生： skewer v [Tn] push a skewer or sth similar through (sth) （用串肉扦或类似物）串起, 刺穿: He skewered his foot on a nail. 他的脚踩在钉子上了.

ski
[ski:; ski] n either of a pair of long narrow strips of wood, plastic, etc fixed to a person's boots so that he can glide smoothly over snow 滑雪板: * a pair of skis 一副滑雪板 * bind on one's skis 缚上滑雪板 * [attrib 作定语] a ski suit, slope, club 滑雪衣、 斜坡、 俱乐部. 派生： ski v (pt, pp ski'd or skied, pres p skiing) [I, Ipr, Ip] move over snow on skis, esp as a sport 滑雪（尤指作 为运动）: go skiing in Switzerland 去瑞士滑雪 * ski into a village 滑雪滑进一村庄 * ski past, along, down, etc 滑雪滑过、 滑去、 滑下.... skier[5ski:E(r); 5skil] n person who uses skis 滑雪的人. skiing n [U] activity or sport of moving on skis 滑雪; 滑雪运动: * [attrib 作定语] a skiing course, instructor, resort 滑雪课程、 教练、 胜地 * skiing equipment, clothes 滑雪用具、 服装. =>illus 见插图. 复合： `ski-bob n vehicle used for races on snow and resembling a bicycle with skis instead of wheels 滑雪车（状如自行车, 有滑雪板, 无轮）. `ski-jump n 1 jump made by a skier after sliding down a long ramp 滑雪跳跃. 2 ramp for making such jumps 供滑雪跳跃的斜坡. 3 competition in which such jumps are made 滑雪跳跃比赛. `ski-lift n device for pulling or carrying skiers up a slope 载送滑雪者上坡的装置. `ski-plane n aircraft fitted with skis instead of wheels, enabling it to land on snow 雪上飞机（装有雪橇、 可在雪地降落的飞机）.

skid
[skid; skid] n 1 sideways movement made eg by a car slipping on ice or turning a corner too fast 滑向一侧, 打滑（如车在结冰路上或急转弯时的）: * try to get out of/correct a skid 设法纠正打滑现象. 2 log, plank, etc used to make a track over which heavy objects may be dragged or rolled 滑道, 滚道, 滑轨（使重物易於在上面拉或滚动）. 3 piece of wood or metal that acts as a brake on the wheel of a cart, etc 制轮器; 刹车. 4 (idm 习语) put the skids under sb/sth (sl 俚) (a) cause sb/sth to fail 使某人[某事]失败: * The government put the skids under the plan by stopping their research grant. 政府停发研究经费让他们的计画半途而废. (b) make sb hurry 催促某人. 派生： skid v (-dd-) [I, Ipr, Ip] (of a car, etc) move or slip sideways （指汽车等）滑向一侧, 打滑: The car skidded on the ice. 汽车在冰上打滑了. * The bus skidded (on) into a wall. 公共汽车打滑撞到墙上. 复合： `skid-pan surface specially prepared for skidding on, so that drivers can practise controlling skids 转向试验场（为司机练习控制车辆打滑的特制路面）. skid row[7skid 'rEu; 7skid'ro] (US sl 俚) slum area where vagrants live 流浪者住的贫民区: * He ended up on skid row. 他最後沦落到了流浪人的贫民区.

skies
pl of sky.

skiff
[skif; skif] n small light boat for rowing or sculling, usu by one person 轻舟, 小艇（通常指单人划的）.

skiffle
[5skifl; 5skifEl] n [U] (esp Brit) type of music popular in the 1950's, a mixture of jazz and folk-song often using improvised instruments and a singer with a guitar or a banjo 二十世纪五十年代流行的一种爵士乐: * [attrib 作定语] a skiffle group, song, etc 爵士乐团、 歌曲等.

skilful
(US skillful)[5skilfl; 5skilfEl] adj ~ (at sth/doing sth) having or showing skill 有技巧的; 熟练的:a skilful painter, driver, performer 熟练的画家、 司机、 表演者 * a skilful performance 熟的表演 * skilful atinventing excuses 很会编造藉口. > skilfully[-fEli; -fEli] adv.

skill
[skil; skil] n 1 [U] ~ (at sth/doing sth) ability to do sth well 技能; 技艺; 技巧: * show great skill at driving, telling stories, playing billiards 显示出驾驶、 讲故事、 打台球的高度技巧. 2 [C] particular type of skill 技能; 技艺; 技巧: * the practical skills needed in carpentry 木工所需的应用技艺. 派生： skilled adj 1 ~ (in/at sth/doing sth) (a) having skill; skilful 熟练的; 有能力的: a skilled negotiator 谈判能手 * skilled at dealing with complaints 善於处理投诉个案. (b) experienced; trained 有经验的; 训练过的: a skilled worker, salesperson, etc 有经验的工人、 推销员等 * an actor skilled at improvising 擅长临场发挥的演员. 2 [attrib 作定语] (of work) needing skill （指工作）需要技能的: a skilled job 技术性的工作.

skillet
[5skilit; 5skilit] n 1 (esp US) frying-pan 煎锅. =>illus at pan 见pan插图. 2 small metal cooking-pot with a long handle and (usu) feet 小的长柄锅（通常带有支脚）.

skim
[skim; skim] v (-mm-) 1 [Tn] remove cream, scum, etc from the surface of (a liquid) 撇去（液体）表面的油脂、 浮沫等: * skim milk 撇去牛奶上的奶油.2 (a) [Ipr, Tn no passive 不用於被动语态] move or glide lightly over (a surface), not touching it or only occasionally touching it 掠过或擦过（某物的表面）: * swallows skimming (over) the water/along the ground擦着水面[地面]飞过的燕子 * aircraft skimming the roof-tops 从屋顶上掠过的飞机. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] cause (a stone, etc) to pass low over water, bouncing several times 使（石块等）擦过水面, 反弹几次; 用（石块等）打水漂: * skimming pebbles (over the lake) 用小圆石（在湖面上）打水漂. 3 [Ipr, Tn] ~ (through/over) sth read sth quickly, noting only the main points 略读; 浏览: * skim (through) the report in half an hour 用半小时浏览这份报告 * skim over the list, looking for one's name 很快地看着名单, 寻找自己的名字. 4 (phr v) skim sth from/off sth; skim sth off remove (cream, scum, etc) from the surface of a liquid （从液体表面）撇去（油脂、 浮沫等）: * skim the cream from the milk 从牛奶上撇去奶油 * skim the fat off (the soup) 把（汤上面的）油撇去. 派生： skimmer n 1 type of spoon with holes in, used for skimming liquids （撇油、 撇沫用的）漏杓. 2 water bird with long wings 剪嘴行稧（长翼水鸟）. 复合： ,skimmed `milk (also ,skim `milk) milk from which the cream has been skimmed 脱脂奶.

skimp
[skimp; skimp] (also scamp/skmp; skAmp] ) v [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (on sth) use or provide less than enough of (what is needed) 使用或供给（所需之物）不敷应用: * Use plenty of oil. Don't skimp! 多用些油. 别省着! * They have to skimp on fuel in winter. 冬天他们得节省燃料. * skimp material when making a dress 做连衣裙时节省布料. 派生： skimpy adj (-ier, -iest) using or having less than enough of what is needed （所需之物）不足的, 不够的: a rather skimpy meal 分量不太够的一顿饭 * The dancers wore skimpy dresses, ie that did not cover much of the body. 那些跳舞的人穿着不足以遮体. skimpily adv: a skimpily made dress 做得太小的连衣裙. skimpiness n [U].

skin
[skin; skin] n 1 [U] elastic substance that forms the outer covering of the body of a person or an animal （人或动物的）皮, 皮肤: * a dark, an olive, a fair, etc skin 黝黑的、 橄榄色的、 白皙的皮肤 * She has a beautiful skin, ie complexion. 她肤色很美. * [attrib 作定语] a skin disease, treatment 皮肤病、 皮肤治疗. 2 [U, C] (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) skin of an animal that has been removed from its body, with or without the fur; hide; fur 毛皮; 皮革; 皮张: * `pigskin, `calfskin, `sheepskin 猪皮、 小牛皮、 羊皮 * a `rabbit-skin 兔皮. 3 [C] (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) vessel for storing liquids, made from the whole skin of an animal （装液体用的）皮囊（用整个兽皮制成的）: * a `wineskin 酒囊. 4 (a) [C, U] outer covering of a fruit or plant 果皮; 植物的外皮: * slip on a banana skin 踩着香蕉皮而滑倒 * grape skins 葡萄皮. Cf 参看 peel n, rind, zest 3. (b) [C, U] thin covering of a sausage （灌香肠用的）肠衣. (c) [C usu sing 通常作单数] any outer covering or case 外壳; 外皮: * the metal skin of an aircraft 飞机的金属外壳 * a waterproof plastic skin on a metal sheet 金属板的防水塑料外层. 5 [C, U] thin layer that forms on the surface of certain liquids, eg boiled milk 结於某些液面的薄层（如煮过的牛奶的表面）: * the skin on a milk pudding 牛奶布丁上的乳皮 * a skin forming on the paint in the pot 罐中油漆结的一层皮. 6 (idm 习语) beauty is only skin deep => beauty. be no skin off one's nose (infml 口) not concern one; not matter to one 与己无关; 事不关己; 满不在乎: * It's no skin off my nose if I lose this job, I can always get another one. 我失掉这份工作也没有关系, 我随时都能再找到工作. by the ,skin of one's `teeth (infml 口) only just 仅; 刚刚: * He escaped by the skin of his teeth. 他险些没逃掉. get under sb's `skin (infml 口) (a) annoy or irritate sb 惹恼或激怒（某人）:

skin1
* Don't let him get under your skin! 别让他惹着你! (b) interest or attract sb greatly 深深地打动或吸引（某人）: * The charm of the place soon gets under your skin. 这地方很美丽, 你很快就会爱上这个地方. have got sb under one `skin (infml 口) be strongly attracted to sb 对某人极感兴趣. have, etc a hide/skin like a rhinoceros => rhinoceros. jump out of one's `skin (infml 口) be startled 吓一大跳: * I nearly jumped out of my skin when a hand grabbed me in the dark. 黑暗中有一只手把我抓住, 可真把我吓了一大跳. save one's (own) skin => save. (nothing but/all) skin and `bone (infml 口) very thin 极瘦; 皮包骨: * He was all skin and bone after his illness. 他病後瘦成皮包骨. ,soaked/,wet to the `skin (of a person) completely soaked （指人）湿透: * We were soaked to the skin after the storm. 暴雨过後我们全都湿透了. (have) a thin/thick `skin (infml 口) (have) a character that makes one easily/not easily hurt by criticism, insults, etc 脸皮薄[厚]; 禁得住[禁不住]批评、 侮辱等: * You need a thick skin to be a politician. 当政客得脸皮厚. 派生： skin v (-nn-) 1 (a) [Tn] take the skin off (eg an animal) 剥掉（如动物）的皮: skin a rabbit, fox, etc 剥兔子、 狐狸等的皮. (b) injure by scraping skin off (eg one's knees) 擦破（如膝盖）的皮: I skinned my elbow against the wall. 我的肘部撞在墙上擦破了皮. 2 (idm 习语) keep one's eyes open/peeled/skinned => eye1. skin sb alive (said as a threat 威胁用语) punish sb severely 严惩某人: Your father'll skin you alive when he sees this! 要是让你父亲看见, 他非活剥了你不可! -skinned (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having a skin of the specified type 有某种皮肤的: dark-skinned * pink-skinned. skinny adj (-ier, -iest) (infml usu derog 口, 通常作贬义) very thin 极瘦的; 皮包骨的: You're skinny enough without going on a diet! 你不必节食就已经够瘦的了! =>Usage at thin 用法见thin.

skin2
复合： ,skin-`deep adj [pred 作表语] not deeply felt or lasting 肤浅; 不深刻; 不持久: His political commitment is only skin-deep. 他政治上的承诺只是表面文章. `skin-diving n [U] sport of swimming under water with goggles, flippers and an aqualung or a snorkel to breathe with 轻装潜水（只使用护目镜、 脚蹼、 水肺或潜水通气管）. `skin-diver n. `skin-flick n (sl 俚) pornographic film 色情电影. skinful[5skinful; 5skin7ful] n (sl 俚) enough alcohol to make a person drunk 足以使人醉倒的酒的量: * He'd had a skinful and got into a fight. 他喝得大醉还打了一架. `skin-graft n surgical operation in which skin taken from one part of sb's body (or from sb else's body) is placed over another part that is burned, wounded, etc 皮移植（术）. `skinhead n (Brit) young person with very short hair, esp one who is violent 留平头的青少年（尤指暴徒）. ,skin-`tight adj (of a garment) fitting very closely to the body （指服装）贴身的, 紧身的.

skinflint
[5skinflint; 5skin7flint] n (infml 口) miser 吝啬鬼; 小气的人.

skint
[skint; skint] adj [pred 作表语] (Brit sl 俚) without any money 无钱; 身无分文.

skip
1[skip; skip] v (-pp-) 1 [Ipr, Ip] move lightly and quickly, esp by taking two steps with each foot in turn 轻快地跳（尤指每只脚轮流跳两次）: * a child skipping along the road, into the house, etc 沿路跳着、 跳着进屋...的小孩 * skipping along, past, out, etc 蹦蹦跳跳地走去、 走过、 走出等 * skip out of sb's way, ie by making a little jump 跳开给某人让路 * The lambs were skipping about in the fields. 羊羔在田里跳来跳去. 2 [I] jump over a rope held in both one's hands or by two other people and passed repeatedly over the head and under the feet 跳绳: * children skipping in the playground 在操场中跳绳的儿童 * skipping games 跳绳游戏. =>illus 见插图. 3 (a) [Ipr, Ip] (infml 口) go from one place to another quickly or casually 匆匆地或随便地由一处到另一处: * skip over/across to Paris for the weekend 匆匆赶到巴黎度周末 * (fig 比喻) She skipped from one subject to another. 她讲得没有条理, 东拉西扯. (b) [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn no passive 不用於被动语态] ~ (out of...); ~ off leave (a place) secretly or in a hurry 悄悄地或匆匆地离开（某地）: * skip (out of) the country with the stolen money 携赃款潜逃国外 * skip off without saying anything to anyone 一声不吭地匆匆溜走. 4 [Tn] not attend (a meeting, etc) 不参加（会议等）: * skip a lecture, an appointment, a class, etc 未参加讲座、 没赴约、 旷课. 5 [I, Tn] omit (part of a book when reading, a task, etc) 略过（书中的一部分、 任务等）: * I read the whole book without skipping (a page). 我一页不漏地读完了全书. * Skip the first chapter and start on page 25. 跳过第一章, 从第25页开始看. * He managed to skip the washing-up. 他变着法地不做洗碗的事. 6 (idm 习语) `skip it! (infml 口) don't talk about that any more 别再提这件事了: * I've heard enough about your job, so skip it! 你的工作我已经听够了, 别再提了!

skip1
派生： skip n skipping movement 跳跃; 跳绳; 跳过; 躲过: a hop, a skip and a jump 叁级跳远. 复合： `skipping-rope n length of rope, usu with handles at each end, used esp by a child or a boxer for skipping 跳绳用的绳子. =>illus 见插图.

skipper
[5skipE(r); 5skipl] n 1 captain, esp of a small merchant ship or fishing-boat 船长（尤指小商船或渔船的）. 2 (infml 口) captain of a team, eg in football or cricket 队长（如足球或板球队的）. 3 (esp US) captain of an aircraft （飞机的）机长. 派生： skipper v [Tn] act as skipper of (a boat, team, etc) 担任船长、 球队队长等.

skirl
[skE:l; skEl] n [sing] shrill piercing sound, esp of bagpipes 尖利声（尤指风笛的）.

skirmish
[5skE:miF; 5skEmiF] n fight between small groups of soldiers, ships, etc, esp one that is not planned 小规模战斗; 小冲突; （尤指）遭遇战: * a brief skirmish on the frontier 边界上的小规模冲突 * (fig 比喻) a skirmish between the two party leaders 两党领导人间的摩擦. Cf 参看 pitched battle (pitch2). 派生： skirmish v [I] take part in a skirmish 进行小规模战斗或冲突. skirmisher n.

skirt
[skE:t; skEt] n 1 [C] (a) woman's garment that hangs from the waist （女用的）裙子. (b) part of a dress or other garment, eg a long coat, that hangs below the waist （连衣裙或大衣等的）下摆. 2 [C] any of various types of guard or covering for the base of a vehicle or machine （车辆或机器基部的）护板: * the rubber skirt round the bottom of a hovercraft 汽垫船底部四周的橡胶护板. 3 skirts [pl] = outskirts. 4 (dated sexist sl 旧, 性别偏见, 俚) (a) [U] girls or women in general, seen as sexual objects （被视为性欲对象的）女子: * a bit of skirt 裙衩. (b) [C] girl or woman seen in this way （被视为性欲对象的）女子. 派生： skirt v [Ipr, Tn] 1 be on or move along the edge of (sth) 位於（某物）的边缘; 沿着（某物）边缘走: We skirted (round) the field and crossed the bridge. 我们沿着田边走, 经过了那座桥. * The road skirts the forest. 那条路在森林的边上. 2 (phr v) skirt round sth avoid referring to or treating (a topic, an issue, etc) directly 不直接提及或不直接处理（话题、 问题等）: She skirted round the problem of the high cost. 她避而不谈巨额费用问题. 复合： `skirting-board (Brit) (US `baseboard) n board attached to the wall of a room, next to the floor 壁脚板; 踢脚板.

skit
[skit; skit] n ~ (on sth) piece of humorous writing or short play that mimics or makes fun of sb/sth serious （模仿或取笑某人[某事物]的）幽默小品文章或短剧: * a skit on Wagner/on `Macbeth' 模仿瓦格纳[《麦克佩斯》]的短剧.

skittish
[5skitiF; 5skitiF] adj 1 (of horses) lively and playful; difficult to control （指马）活泼的, 难以驾驭的. 2 (of people) fond of flirting; lively and playful （指人）爱调情的, 活泼顽皮的: * She gets very skittish when her boy-friend is around. 她男朋友在场时, 她就显得格外轻佻. > skittishly adv. skittishness n [U].

skittle
[5skitl; 5skitl] n 1 [C] bottle-shaped wooden pin used in the game of skittles （撞柱戏用的瓶状的）木柱. 2 skittles [sing v] game in which players try to knock over as many skittles as possible by rolling a ball at them 撞柱戏（以球撞击瓶状木柱的游戏）. Cf 参看 ninepin, tenpin bowling. 3 (idm 习语) beer and skittles => beer. 派生： skittle v (phr v) skittle sb out (in cricket) end the turn of (a number of batsmen) quickly （板球中）迅速使（数名击球员）出局, 从而结束对方击球机会: The whole side was skittled out for 10 runs. 这个队在跑动得10分时, 全队失去击球机会.

skive
[skaiv; skaiv] v [I, Ip] ~ (off) (Brit sl 俚) avoid work, esp by staying away or going away from where it is being done 逃避劳动（尤指躲避或离开现场）: * He's usually skiving down at the pub when there's gardening to be done. 他常在需要整理花园时就躲进酒馆去了. * She always skives off early. 她总是在干活儿时早早溜走. 派生： skiver n (Brit sl 俚) person who skives 逃避劳动的人.

skivvy
[5skivi; 5skivi] n (Brit infml derog 口, 贬) (usu female) servant, esp one who has to do menial jobs like cleaning and washing （通常为女性）仆人, 人（尤指专做清洗打杂等粗活儿的）: * I'm no better than (ie I'm treated like) a skivvy in this house. 我在这个家里与仆人无异. 派生： skivvy v (pt, pp skivvied) [I, Ipr] ~ (for sb) (Brit infml 口) work as a skivvy or as if one is a skivvy 做清洗打杂等粗活儿; 做（似）女 的工作: She refused to skivvy for the whole family. 她不肯给全家当仆人.

skua
[5skju:E; 5skjuE] n large type of seagull 贼鸥（一种大海鸥）.

skulduggery
(also skull-)[skQl'dQgEri; skQl'dQgEri] n [U] (often joc 常作戏谑语) deception and planning of evil acts; trickery 诈骗; 诡计: * a career ruined by political skulduggery 被政治诡计毁掉的事业.

skulk
[skQlk; skQlk] v [Ipr, Ip] (derog 贬) hide or move around as if one is ashamed or trying to hide, esp when one is planning sth bad 躲躲闪闪; （尤指）鬼鬼祟祟: * I don't want reporters skulking around (my house). 我不愿看到记者在（我家）周围神出鬼没地来回走动. =>Usage at prowl 用法见prowl.

skull
[skQl; skQl] n 1 bony framework of the head under the skin 脑壳; 头颅骨: * The fall fractured his skull. 这一跤把他的颅骨摔裂了. =>illus at skeleton 见skeleton插图. 2 (idm 习语) a thick skull => thick. > -skulled (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词): * thick-skulled, ie having a thick skull; stupid. 复合： ,skull and `cross-bones picture of a skull above two crossed bones, once used on the flags of pirates' ships and now to warn of danger, eg on bottles of poison 骷髅画, 骷髅旗（旧时为海盗旗标志, 现作危险标志, 尤用於毒药瓶上）. `skull-cap n small round cap with no peak that sits on top of the head, nowadays worn esp by male Jews when praying and by Catholic bishops 无檐便帽（今尤为男性犹太教徒祈祷时或天主教的主教戴用）. =>illus at hat 见hat插图.

skunk
[skQNk; skQNk] n 1 (a) (also polecat) [C] small bushy-tailed N American animal that can send out a strong unpleasant smell as a defence when attacked 臭 鼬（产於北美, 体小, 尾毛蓬松, 遇敌时放恶臭以自卫）. (b) [U] its fur 臭鼬毛皮. 2 [C] (infml 口) contemptibleperson 卑鄙的人: * How could you cheat your own children, you skunk! 你怎麽能欺骗自己的孩子, 你这个坏家伙! 派生： skunk v [Tn] (US sl 俚) defeat (sb) completely 彻底击败（某人）.

sky
[skai; skai] n 1 (a) [U, sing] (usu the sky when [sing] but a sky or skies [pl] when modified by an adj 用於单数时通常作the sky, 但受形容词修饰时则作a sky或skies) the space seen when one looks upwards from the earth, where clouds and the sun, moon and stars appear 天; 天空: * a patch of blue sky 一块蓝天 * birds flying up into the sky 飞向天空的鸟 * under the open sky, ie out of doors 在户外 * a clear, blue sky 晴朗蔚蓝的天空 * clouds moving across the sky 在天空飘过的浮云 * a starry sky/(the) starry skies 星斗满天. (b) skies [pl] climate or weather as shown by this 天气; 气候: * a day of rain and cloudy skies 有雨、 多云的一天 * the sunny skies of Italy 意大利的晴朗天气. 2 (idm 习语) pie in the sky => pie. praise, etc sb/sth to the `skies praise sb/sth very greatly 极力称赞某人[某事物]; 把某人[某事物]捧上了天: * The teacher was extolling her work to the skies. 教师极力称赞她功课好. the sky's the limit (infml saying 口, 谚) there is no limit 没有限制: * You could win millions! The sky's the limit! 你有可能赢数百万. 无尽无休! 派生： sky v (pt, pp skied/skaid; skaid] ) [Tn] hit (esp a ball) very high 将（尤指球）击向空中. 复合： ,sky-`blue adj, n [U] (of the) bright blue colour of the sky on a cloudless day 天蓝色; 天蓝色的. `sky-diver n [C], `sky-diving n [U] (person who takes part in the) sport of jumping from an aircraft and falling for as long as one safely can before opening one's parachute 延缓张伞跳伞运动（员）. ,sky-`high adj, adv very high 极高（的）: Prices are sky-high at the moment. 眼下物价高得上了天. * The bomb blew the house sky-high. 炸弹把房子炸得飞起来了. `skylark n type of lark that sings while hovering high in the sky 云雀. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page iv. v [I, Ip] = rklark. `skylight n window in a roof or ceiling 天窗. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page vi.

sky1
`skyline n outline of buildings, trees, hills, etc as seen against the sky 建 物、 树、 山等以天空为背景映出的轮廓: the New York skyline 纽约市的建 物在空中的轮廓. `sky-rocket v [I] (of prices, etc) rise to a very high level （指物价等）飞涨: sky-rocketing costs 猛涨的费用. `skyscraper n very tall modern city building 摩天大楼. `skywards[5skaiwEdz; 5skaiwldz] (also skyward[-wEd;-wld] ) adj, adv towards the sky; upwards 向天空（的）; 向上（的）: * the skywards path of the rocket 火箭的向上飞行路线 * hit the ball skywards 把球击向空中. `sky-writing n [U] (forming of) legible words in the sky from the smoke-trails of aircraft, usu to advertise sth 飞机放烟组成（的）空中文字（通常为宣传）.

slab
[slAb; slAb] n thick flat, often rectangular or square, piece of stone, wood or other solid substance 厚板（常指矩形或正方形的石板、 木板等）: * paved with stone slabs 以石板铺成的 * massive slabs of rock 巨大的石板 * a slab of cheese, chocolate 一块乾酪、 巧克力.

slack
1[slAk; slAk] adj (-er, -est) 1 not tight or tense; loose 不紧的; 松弛的: * a slack rope 松弛的绳子 * The boxer's jaw went slack. 那拳击手的下巴松了下来. * Your grip on the bar is too slack. 这根棒你握得太松了. 2 (a) ~ (at/about sth) (of a person) giving little care and energy to a task （指人）懈怠的, 疏忽的: * He's been getting slack and making silly mistakes. 他越来越懒散, 出了些荒谬的错误. * Don't get slack about doing yourexercises. 不要疏於练习. (b) not carefully done, planned,etc; lax （做得、 计画得）粗心的, 马虎的, 松散的: * Organization of the conference was rather slack. 会议的组织工作很松散. 3 (of business) not having many customers, sales, etc; not busy （指生意）清淡, 萧条, 不景气: * Trade is slack in winter. 冬季贸易不景气. * Demand is slack over the summer months. 夏季的几个月市场滞销. 4 (esp of water) slow-moving; sluggish （尤指水流）缓慢的, 滞缓的. 派生： slack v 1 [I] be lazy; avoid work 怠惰; 偷懒: Stop slacking and get on with that digging! 别偷懒, 继续挖! 2 (phr v) slack off/up (a) reduce one's level of activity 松懈; 放松: After intense work in the summer, we are slacking off now. 夏季紧张的工作过後, 我们现在放松了. (b) reduce speed 减速; 放慢: Slack off/up as youapproach the junction. 接近交叉口时要减速. slack (sth) up make (a rope, etc) less tight or tense 将（绳子等）放松. slacker n (infml 口) person who is lazy or avoids work 懒惰的人; 偷懒的人. slackly adv: ropes hanging slackly between the boat and the quay 在船与码头间系得很松弛的缆绳 * The firm had been run rather slackly. 那家公司一直经营得松松垮垮. slackness n [U].

slacken
[5slAkEn; 5slAkEn] v 1 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become slack （使）松弛: * The rope slackened. 绳子松了. * slacken the reins 放松 绳 * slacken one's grip 松手. 2 [I, Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (off/up) (cause sth to) become slower, less active, etc （使某事物）放慢, 迟缓: * The ship's speed slackened. 船速减慢了. * After hours of digging, we began to slacken up a little. 我们挖了数小时後, 速度慢了下来. * Slacken (off) your speed as you approach the village. 接近村庄时要放慢速度.

slag
[slAg; slAg] n 1 [U] waste matter that remains after metal has been extracted from ore by smelting 矿渣; 熔渣. 2 [C] (Brit derog sl 贬, 俚) woman who does not look respectable and is regarded as sexually immoral 贱妇; 淫妇. 派生： slag v (-gg-) (phr v) slag sb off (Brit sl 俚) say offensive and critical things about sb, esp unfairly 侮慢或批评某人（尤指无理地）: Now he's left, she's always slagging off her old boss. 因原老板已走了, 她就一个劲儿地褒贬他. 复合： `slag-heap n heap of slag from a mine 矿渣堆.

slain
pp of slay.

slake
[sleik; slek] v [Tn] 1 satisfy (one's thirst, or a desire, etc) 解（渴）; 满足（欲望等）: * slake one's thirst with a cup of tea 喝杯茶解解渴 * (fml 文) Has this murderer slaked his lust for blood yet? 该杀人犯满足了嗜杀欲了吗? 2 combine (lime) chemically with water 熟化（石灰）.

slalom
[5sla:lEm; 5slalEm] n 1 ski-race along a zig-zag course marked out by poles with flags 障碍滑雪赛（穿越旗帜标出的弯道）: * win the slalom 在障碍滑雪赛中获胜 * [attrib 作定语] a slalom race, champion, course 障碍滑雪比赛、 冠军、 滑道. 2 any similar race, eg in canoes or on water-skis 任何类似的比赛（如划艇或滑水）.

slam
[slAm; slAm] v (-mm-) 1 [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p, Cn.a] ~ (sth) (to/shut) (cause sth to) shut forcefully and loudly （使某物）猛然关闭并发出巨响: * The door slammed (to). 门砰的一声关上了. * Slam the window (shut). 把窗户使劲关上. * He slammed the lid down. 他砰的一声盖上了盖子. 2 [Tn.pr, Tn.p] put, push, throw or knock (sth) with great force 猛力地放、 推、 扔或敲（某物）: * slam one's brakes on 猛力踩闸 * She slammed the box down on the table. 她使劲把盒子摔在桌子上. * The batsman slammed the ball straight at a fielder. 击球员把球猛击向外场员. 3 [Tn] (infml 口) criticize (sb/sth) harshly 猛烈批评（某人[某事物]）: * a play slammed by the reviewers 受到论者猛烈抨击的话剧 * The minister was slammed by the press for the cuts. 这位部长因削减一事受到报界猛烈抨击. 4 (idm 习语) shut/slam the door in sb's face => door. 派生： slam n (usu sing 通常作单数) noise of sth being slammed 猛然关闭的声音: the slam of a car door 关汽车门时发出的声音.

slander
[5sla:ndE(r); - 'slAn-; 5slAndl] n [U, C] (offence of making a) false statement intended to damage sb's reputation 诽谤（罪）; 诋毁; 中伤: * a vicious slander 恶毒的诽谤 * a case of slander 诽谤案 * bring an action against sb for slander, ie sue sb for slander in a lawcourt 控告某人犯有诽谤罪. Cf 参看 libel. 派生： slander v [Tn] make such a false statement about (sb) 诽谤、 诋毁或中伤（某人）. slanderer[-dErE(r);-dErl] n. slanderous[-dErEs; -dErEs] adj: * a slanderous attack, accusation 诽谤性的攻击、 指控. slanderously adv.

slang
[slAN; slAN] n [U] (abbr sl in this dictionary 本词典中略作sl俚) very informal words, phrases, etc commonly used in speech, esp between people from the same social group or who work together, not considered suitable for formal contexts and often not in use for long 俚语: * army, prison, railway, etc slang 军队、 监狱、 铁路等俚语 * `Grass' is criminal slang for `informer'. ‘grass’是罪犯用的俚语, 意思是‘告密的人’. * [attrib 作定语] a slang word, expression, etc 俚语词、 词语等. Cf 参看 colloquial, informal 3. 派生： slang v [Tn] (infml 口) 1 attack (sb) using angry, uncontrolled language; abuse 用气愤的、 不加控制的语言抨击（某人）; 谩骂: The driver was slanging a pedestrian who had got in his way. 那司机破口大骂挡他的路的行人. 2 (idm 习语) a `slanging match quarrel in which each person is angry and uses angry uncontrolled language 相互谩骂. slangy adj typical of or containing slang 使用俚语的;含有俚语的: a slangy style 使用俚语的文体. slanginessn [U].

slant
[sla:nt; - slAnt; slAnt] v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr esp passive 尤用於被动语态] lean in a particular direction; not be straight 倾斜; 歪: * Her handwriting slants from left to right. 她写的字从左往右斜. * The picture is slanted to the left. 这幅画歪向左边了. 2 [Tn] (usu derog 通常作贬义) present (news, etc) from a particular point of view 有倾向性地报道（消息等）: * slant the story to protect the minister 歪曲事实以袒护部长 * She slanted the report so that I was made to appear incompetent. 她做出歪曲报道好让我显得无能. 派生： slant n 1 slope 斜线; 斜面; 斜坡. 2 (infml 口) point of view, sometimes prejudiced, from which sth is seen or presented 观点; 意见; 看法; 见解; （有时指）偏见: get a new slant on the political situation 对政治形势有新看法 * gave the report a right-wing slant 在报告中加入右倾观点. 3 (idm 习语) on a/the `slant sloping; not straight 倾斜着; 歪着. slanted adj showing a prejudiced slant(2) 有偏见的: a rather slanted account of the meeting 对会议做出带有偏见的报道. slantingly, slantwise[-waiz; -waiz] advs in a slanting position or direction 倾斜地; 歪斜地: * a picture hanging slantwise 斜挂着的画.

slap
happy

slapdash
[5slApdAF; 5slAp7dAF] adj, adv (done or doing things) in a careless and hasty way 匆促（的）: * slapdash work 草率的工作 * a slapdash worker 粗心的工作者 * do one's work slapdash/in a slapdash way 工作马马虎虎.

slapstick
[5slApstik; 5slAp7stik] n [U] comedy based on simple visual jokes, eg hitting people, falling over, etc 打闹剧（多打闹等简单滑稽动作）: * [attrib 作定语] slapstick comedy 打闹喜剧.

slash
[slAF; slAF] v 1 [Ipr, Tn, Cn.a] make a cut or cut (sth) with a sweeping stroke; strike (sb/sth) with a whip 砍（某物）; 用鞭抽（某人[某物]）: * slash through the rope with a sword 用剑把绳子砍断 * The blade slashed his leg (open). 刀刃把他的腿划（破）了. =>Usage at cut1 用法见cut1. 2 [Tn] cut or reduce (sth) drastically 大幅度裁减或削减（某物）: * slash costs, prices, numbers 大幅度地削减费用、 价格、 数目 * a government promise to slash taxes 政府大幅度减税的承诺. 3 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] make long narrow cuts in (a garment) for ornament 在（衣服）上开长缝作装饰: * slashed sleeves, ie cut so that the lining or material underneath can be seen 开衩的袖子. 4 [Tn] criticize (sb/sth) harshly 严厉批评（某人[某事物]）: * a government plan slashed by the press 受到新闻界猛烈抨击的政府计画. 5 (phr v) slash at sth (with sth) use a stick, sword, etc to make sweeping strokes at sth （用棍棒、 刀剑等）砍某物: * slashing at the tall weeds with a stick 用棍子抽打高高的野草 * slashing wildly at his opponent with a sword 用剑疯狂地朝对手乱砍. slash one's way through, past, etc sth move through, past, etc with sweeping strokes, eg of a sword, etc 挥、 砍（如刀剑等）开路: * slashing our way through the jungle with long knives （我们）在丛林中用长刀砍出一条路. 派生： slash n 1 [C] (a) act of slashing 砍; 抽: a wild slash with a sword 用剑乱砍. (b) long cut or gash 长的切口或裂口. (c) slit made in a garment 衣服的衩. 2 [C] = obliquen. =>App 3 见附录3. 3 a slash [sing] (Brit sl 俚) act of urinating 撒尿: have a quick slash 很快撒泡尿.

slat
[slAt; slAt] n long thin narrow piece of wood, metal or plastic often made to overlap with others, eg in a Venetian blind （木、 金属或塑料的）窄而薄的长条（如百叶板）. > slatted adj: * a bed with a slatted pine base 松木板板床.

slate
[sleit; slet] n 1 (a) [U] type of blue-grey rock that splits easily into thin flat layers 板岩; 石板: * slate-coloured, ie blue-grey 石板色（蓝灰色） * [attrib 作定语] a slate quarry 板岩采石场. (b) [C] small thin piece of this, used as a roof tile 石板瓦: * [attrib 作定语] a slate roof 石板瓦屋顶. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page vi. 2 [C] small sheet of slate in a wooden frame, formerly used by schoolchildren for writing on 石板（旧时学童书写用具）. 3 [C] (US) list of candidates for nomination or election 提名的或候选人的名单: * on the Democratic slate 在民主党候选人名单上. 4 (idm 习语) a clean sheet/slate => clean1. (put sth) on the `slate (infml 口) (note sth down) to be paid for later rather than when it is bought 记在帐上（以後付款）: * I've no change, could you put these eggs on the slate? 我没零钱, 能把这些蛋钱记在帐上吗? wipe the slate clean => wipe. 派生： slate v 1 [Tn] cover (a roof, etc) with slates 用石板瓦盖（屋顶等）. 2 (US infml 口) (a) [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth) propose sb (for an office, appointment, etc) 推举某人（任某职位等）; 提名: slated for the Presidency 被提名作总统候选人. (b) [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn.pr, Cn.t] ~ sth (for...) plan that sth will happen at a specified time 预定; 定於; 安排在: a meeting slated for Thursday/to take place on Thursday 定於星期四举行的会议. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (for sth) (Brit infml 口) criticize sb/sth severely, eg in a newspaper review 严厉批评某人[某事物]（如在报纸评论中）: slate a play, book, writer 猛烈抨击一话剧、 书、 作者 * The idea got slated by the committee. 这种意见遭到委员会严厉批评. slaty adj of, like or containing slate(1a) 板岩的; （似）石板的; 含石板的: slaty coal 含石板成分的煤.

slattern
[5slAtEn; 5slAtln] n (fml derog 文, 贬) dirty untidy woman 不整洁的女子. 派生： slatternly adj (fml derog 文, 贬) (of a woman) dirty and untidy （指女子）不整洁的. slatternliness n [U].

slaughter
[5slC:tE(r); 5slCtl] n [U] 1 the killing of animals, esp for food 屠宰（尤指供食用）. 2 the killing of many people at once; massacre 屠杀; 杀戮: * the slaughter of innocent civilians 对无辜平民的屠杀 * the slaughter on the roads, ie the killing of people in road accidents 路上车祸造成的多人死亡. 3 (infml 口) complete defeat 完全失败: * the total slaughter of the home team 主队的惨败. 派生： slaughter v [Tn] 1 (a) kill (an animal), usu forfood 屠宰（动物）（通常为食用）: slaughter pigs by humanemethods 用人道方法杀猪. (b) kill (animals or people) in large numbers 大量屠杀（动物或人）: thousands slaughtered by the invading army 被侵略军杀害的数以千计的人. 2 (fig infml 比喻, 口) defeat (sb/sth) completely, esp in sport 彻底打败（某人[某物]）（尤指在体育运动中）: We slaughtered them at hockey. 我们在曲棍球赛中把他们打得一败涂地. 复合： `slaughterhouse (also abattoir) n place where animals are killed for food 屠宰场.

slave
[sleiv; slev] n 1 person who is the property of another and is forced to work for him 奴隶: * treat sb like a slave 像对待奴隶一样对待某人 * [attrib 作定语] slave labour, owners 奴隶的劳动、 奴隶主. 2 ~ of/to sth person whose way of life is dominated by (a habit, an interest, etc) 生活方式受（习惯、 兴趣等）支配的人: * a slave to duty, convention, drink 被职务、 习俗、 杯中物所左右的人 * a slave of fashion, ie person who wears only the latest fashions 赶穿时髦服装的人. 派生： slave v [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (away) (at sth) work very hard 刻苦工作; 苦干: slaving (away) in the garden for hours 在花园苦干了数小时 * I've been slaving at the housework all day. 我整天都在干繁重的家务活儿. slaver n 1 person who buys and sells slaves 奴隶贩子. 2 ship for carrying slaves 贩运奴隶的船. slavery[5sleivEri; 5slevEri] n [U] 1 condition of being a slave 受奴役的状态: * sold into slavery 被卖为奴隶. 2 practice of having slaves 奴隶制: * people working to abolish slavery 为废除奴隶制而奋斗的人们. 3 hard or poorly paid work 苦役; 报酬低的工作. Cf 参看 white slavery (white1). 复合： `slave-driver n 1 person in charge of slaves 监管奴隶的监工. 2 (fig derog 比喻, 贬) person who makes those under him work very hard 迫使下属拚命干活儿的人. `slave-trade (also `slave-traffic) n [sing] the capturing,transporting, buying and selling of people as slaves 奴隶买卖.

slaver
[5slAvE(r); 5slAvl] v [I, Ipr] 1 ~ (over sth) let saliva run out of one's mouth; drool 流口水; 垂涎: * slavering over a plate of spaghetti 垂涎一盘意大利面条. 2 ~ (over sb/sth) (usu derog 通常作贬义) show great eagerness, desire, etc 热望; 渴望: * Stop slavering over thatbaby! 别总看着人家的孩子了! * The dealer was slaveringover some precious stones. 那商人对一些宝石垂涎欲滴. 派生： slaver n [U] = saliva.

slavish
[5sleiviF; 5sleviF] adj (derog 贬) lacking in independence or originality 无独立性的; 无创造性的: * slavish devotion to a leader 对领导的盲目崇拜 * His style is a slavish imitation of his teacher's. 他一味模仿教师的风格, 毫无创意. > slavishly adv.

slay
[slei; sle] v (pt slew/slu:; slu] , pp slain/slein; slen] )[Tn] (fml 文 or US) kill (esp an enemy) in a violent way 杀, 残杀（尤指敌人）: * soldiers slain in battle 在战斗中被杀害的士兵.

SLD
[7es el 'di:; 7es el 'di] abbr 缩写 = (Brit politics 政) Social and Liberal Democrats 社会自由民主党.

sleazy
[5sli:zi; 5slizi] adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) (esp of a place) dirty and not respectable; sordid （尤指地方）肮脏的, 污秽的, 破烂的: * a sleazy club, hotel, etc 肮脏的俱乐部、 旅馆等 * a rather sleazy appearance 很脏的外貌. > sleazily[-ili; -ili] adv. sleaziness n [U].

sledge
1[sledV; sledV] (also esp US sled/sled; sled] ) n vehicle with long narrow strips of wood, metal, etc instead of wheels, for travelling over ice and snow (larger types being pulled by horses or dogs and smaller ones used in sport for travelling downhill fast) 雪橇; 雪车. Cf 参看 sleigh. 派生： sledge (also esp US sled) v 1 [I, Ipr, Ip] (often 常作 go sledging/sledding) travel on a sledge, esp downhill for sport 乘雪橇（尤指滑坡, 作为运动）: sledging down the ski slopes 乘雪橇沿滑雪道下滑. 2 [Tn] carry (sth/sb) on a sledge 用雪橇运载（某物[某人]）: sledging supplies to remote villages 用雪橇把物资运往偏远的乡村.

sleek
[sli:k; slik] adj (-er, -est) 1 smooth and glossy 光滑而有光泽的: * sleek hair, fur, etc 光滑而有光泽的毛发、 毛皮等. 2 (often derog 常作贬义) (of a person) looking well-fed and prosperous （指人）保养得很好的, 脑满肠肥的. 3 well-styled 时髦的: * a sleek, shiny sports-car 闪闪发亮的时髦跑车. 派生： sleek v [Tn] make (one's hair, a cat's fur, etc) sleek 使（毛发、 猫的毛等）光滑而发亮. sleekly adv. sleekness n [U].

sleep
1[sli:p; slip] n 1 [U] condition that occurs regularly in humans and animals, esp at night, in which the eyes are closed and the muscles, nervous system, etc are relaxed 睡眠: * How many hours' sleep do you need? 你需要几个小时的睡眠? * He didn't get much sleep. 他睡眠不足. * Do you ever talk in your sleep? 你睡觉说梦话吗? * send sb/get to sleep, ie (make sb) fall asleep （使某人）入睡 * sing/rock a baby to sleep, ie make the baby fall asleep by singing/rocking 唱歌[摇着]哄孩子入睡. 2 [sing] a period of sleep 睡眠时间: * have a short, good, restful, etc sleep 短时间的、 良好的、 安静的...睡眠. 3 [U] (infml 口) substance that gathers in the corners of the eyes during sleep 眼眵: * wash the sleep out of one's eyes 把眼眵洗掉. 4 (idm 习语) cry/sob oneself to `sleep cry/sob until one falls asleep 哭着入睡. ,go to `sleep (a) fall asleep 入睡: * Go to sleep now, it's late. 快睡吧, 很晚了. (b) (infml 口) (eg of a limb) become numb through lack of movement, etc （如肢体）麻木（因 不活动等）: * I've been sitting on the floor and my foot's gone to sleep. 我一直坐在地板上, 脚都麻木了. not get/have a wink of sleep => wink. not lose sleep/lose no sleep over sth => lose. put sb to `sleep make sb fall asleep, esp by using an anaesthetic 使某人入睡（尤指用麻醉剂）. put (an animal) to `sleep (euph 婉) kill (an animal) deliberately, eg because it is ill 杀死（动物）（如因病）: * Stray dogs are usually put to sleep if no one claims them. 走失的狗如无人认领通常就不让它再生存了. read oneself/sb to sleep => read. sleep the sleep of the just => sleep2. 派生： sleepless adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] without sleep 失眠的; 不眠的: pass a sleepless night 度过一个不眠之夜. sleeplessly adv. sleeplessness n [U]. 复合： `sleep-walker n person who walks around while asleep 梦游者; 患梦行症的人. `sleep-walking n [U].

sleeper
[5sli:pE(r); 5slipl] n 1 (with an adj 与形容词连用) person who sleeps in the specified way 睡觉（呈某种状态）的人: * a good/bad sleeper 睡得好[睡不好]的人 * a heavy/light sleeper, ie one whom it is hard/easy to wake up 睡觉沉[轻]的人. 2 (US tie) beam of wood or other material on which the rails of a railway, etc are fixed 轨枕; 枕木; 道木. 3 (bed or berth in a) sleeping-car 卧车（中的卧 ）. 4 (Brit) small ear-ring used to keep the hole in a pierced ear open （用以保持耳环孔不封口的）小耳环. 5 (US infml 口) play, book, person, etc that has an unexpected success, esp after being overlooked or unnoticed 未料到获得成功的剧、 书、 人等（尤指未受重视的）.

sleepy
[5sli:pi; 5slipi] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 needing or ready to go to sleep 困的; 欲睡的: * feel, look sleepy 觉得、 看来困了 * That beer made me quite sleepy. 我喝了那啤酒後昏昏欲睡. 2 (of places) not very busy; without much activity （指地方）冷清的, 不热闹的: * a sleepy little village 冷清的小村庄. > sleepily[-ili; -Eli] adv. sleepiness n [U].

sleet
[sli:t; slit] n [U] falling snow or hail mixed with rain 雨夹雪或雹: * showers of sleet 阵阵的雨夹雪. > sleet v [I] (used with it, usu in the continuous tenses 与it连用, 通常用於进行时态): * It is sleeting, ie Sleet is falling. 下着雨夹雪. sleety adj: * sleety rain 夹有冰雹的雨.

sleeve
[sli:v; sliv] n 1 part of a garment that covers all or part of the arm 袖子: * roll up the sleeves of one's shirt/one's shirt-sleeves 卷起衬衫的袖子 * a dress with short/long sleeves 短[长]袖的连衣裙. =>illus at jacket 见jacket插图. 2 tube that encloses a rod, cable, etc （ 、 缆绳等的）套管, 套筒: * a metal cable inside a plastic sleeve 套着塑料管的金属电缆. 3 (US jacket) stiff envelope for a gramophone record 唱片套: * [attrib 作定语] a sleeve design 唱片套设计 * sleeve notes, ie notes about composers, performers, etc on a sleeve 唱片套上的介绍（关於作曲者、 演奏者等的）. 4 (idm 习语) an ace up one's sleeve => ace. a card up one's sleeve => card1. laugh up one's sleeve => laugh. roll up one's sleeves => roll2. a trick up one's sleeve => trick. (have sth) up one's sleeve kept secret for use when needed 暗藏以备不时之需: * Have you any ideas up your sleeve if our money runs out? 要是我们钱用光了你有什麽锦囊妙计? wear one's heart on one's sleeve => wear2. 派生： -sleeved (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having sleeves of the specified type 有某种样式袖子的: a long-, short-, loose-sleeved shirt. sleeveless adj without sleeves 无袖的.

sleigh
[slei; sle] n [attrib 作定语] sledge, esp one drawn by a horse 雪橇（尤指马拉的）: * [attrib 作定语] a sleigh ride 乘雪橇. 派生： sleigh v [I, Ipr] travel on a sleigh 乘雪橇: go sleighing 坐雪橇 * sleigh over to the village 乘雪橇去那个村庄.

sleight
[slait; slait] n (idm 习语) ,sleight of `hand great skill in using the hands in performing conjuring tricks, etc （变戏法等的）巧妙的手法: * (fig 比喻) The company accounts show a little financial sleight of hand. 公司帐目显示在财务上耍了一点手腕.

slender
[5slendE(r); 5slendl] adj (-er, -est) 1 (approv 褒) (a) not very wide but comparatively long or high 细长的; 纤细的: * slender fingers 纤细的手指 * a slender waist 细腰 * a wineglass with a slender stem 高脚杯. (b) (of people) slim （指人）瘦长的, 苗条的: * a slender girl, figure 苗条的女孩、 身段 * a slender, graceful ballet-dancer 苗条而动作优美的芭蕾舞演员. =>Usage at thin 用法见thin. 2 small in amount or size; inadequate; scanty 微薄的; 不足的; 微少的: * a slender income 微薄的收入 * people of slender means, ie with little money 贫穷的人们 * win by a slender margin 险胜. > slenderly adv. slenderness n [U].

slept
pt, pp of sleep2.

sleuth
[slu:W; sluW] n (infml joc 口, 谑) detective 侦探. 派生： sleuth v [I] (infml joc 口, 谑) do detective work 侦查: I had to go out sleuthing to find your address. 我得出去侦查一番才找到你的住址.

slew
1 pt of slay.

slice
[slais; slais] n 1 thin wide flat piece cut off an item of food （从食物上切下的）薄片: * a slice of meat, cake, cheese, etc 一片肉、 蛋糕、 乾酪等 * slices of beef between slices of fresh bread 夹在新鲜面包片之间的牛肉片. 2 (infml 口) portion; share 部分; 份儿: * get a slice of the profit 得到一份利润 * She takes a large slice of the credit for our success. 她把我们做成的事大部分算作她的功劳. 3 utensil with a broad flat blade for cutting, serving or lifting food, eg cooked fish or fried eggs （切片、 上菜或铲起食物用的）刀, 铲子. 4 (eg in golf) poor stroke that makes the ball spin off in the wrong direction, ie to the right of a right-handed player （如高尔夫球中）（因击偏而成的）同侧旋转球（如右手击球者将球击成右旋球）. Cf 参看 pull2 11. 5 (idm 习语) get, etc a slice/share of the cake => cake. a piece/slice of the action => action. 派生： slice v 1 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) cut sth into slices 将某物切成薄片: slice the meat, loaf, etc (up) 把肉、 面包等切成薄片 * a sliced loaf 切片的面包. 2 [Tn.pr, Tn.p, Dn.n no passive 不用於被动语态, Dn.pr] ~ sth off/from sth; ~ sth off cut sth from a larger piece 将某物切下: slice a piece off (the meat) 切下一片（肉） * slice a thin wedge from the cake 从蛋糕上切下一角 * Slice me a piece of bread/a piece of bread for me. 给我切一片面包. 3 [Ipr, Tn] ~ through/into sth cut cleanly or easily through sth （乾净利落地）切, 割: The axe sliced through the wood. 斧头一下子把木头劈开了. * The falling slate sliced into his arm. 落下来的一块石片划破了他的手臂. * The bows of the ship sliced the water. 船头划开水面前进. 4 [Tn] (eg in golf) strike (a ball) with a slice(4) （如在高尔夫球中）将（球）击成同侧旋转球.

slick
[slik; slik] adj (-er, -est) 1 done smoothly and efficiently, apparently without effort 顺利而有效的; 不费力的: * a slick translation 流畅的译文 * a slick take-over 顺利的接管 * gave a slick excuse for staying away 为未前来找了一个巧妙的藉口. 2 (often derog 常作贬义) (of people) doing things in a slick(1) way （指人）圆滑的, 油滑的: * a slick performer, salesperson, negotiator, etc 圆滑的表演者、 推销员、 谈判者等 * She's very slick, but I don't believe a word she says. 她很伶俐, 但她的话我一句也不信. 3 smooth and slippery 光滑的: * The roads were slick with wet mud. 道路上有泥十分滑. 派生： slick n (also `oil slick) thick patch of oil floating on the sea (esp from an oil-tanker after a collision) 海面浮油（尤指从撞毁的油轮中流出的）. slick v (phr v) slick sth down flatten (hair), using eg hair-oil 使（头发）平滑（如用发油）: curls slicked down with grease 加润发脂梳平的鬈发. slicker n 1 (infml 口 esp US) slick(2) person 圆滑的人: a city slicker, ie slick by comparison with a person from the country 油头滑脑的城里人. 2 (US) long loose waterproof coat （长而宽松的）雨衣.

slide
1[slaid; slaid] n 1 [sing] act of sliding 滑; 滑行: * have a slide on the ice 在冰上滑行. 2 [C] smooth stretch of ice, hard snow, etc used esp by children on sledges （冰、 压实的雪等的）滑面（尤为儿童用以乘雪橇的）. 3 [C] smooth slope, track or chute down which goods can slide or on which children can play at sliding （运送货物用的）滑坡、 滑道或滑槽; （儿童游戏用的）滑梯. 4 [C] (a) picture, diagram, etc on photographic film, usu held in a small frame and shown on a screen using a projector; transparency 幻灯片（有框的透明软片）. (b) (formerly) such a picture on a glass plate （旧时）幻灯片（玻璃的）. 5 [C] glass plate on which sth is placed so that it can be looked at under a microscope （显微镜的）载片. 6 [C] part of a machine, etc that slides, eg the U-shaped part of a trombone （机器等的）滑动部件（如长号上的U形管）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page x.7 [C] (in compounds 用以构成复合词) sudden fall of a mass of earth, mud, etc （土、 泥等的）突然崩落: * a `landslide * a `mudslide. 8 [C] = hair-slide (hair).

slight
1[slait; slait] adj (-er, -est) 1 not serious or important; small 不严重的; 不重要的; 微小的; 轻微的: * a slight slip, error, change, improvement 些微的失误、 错误、 变化、 改进 * a slight headache 轻微的头痛 * The differences between the pictures are very slight. 这两幅画差别很小. * do sth without the slightest difficulty, ie with no difficulty at all 毫无困难地做某事 * She takes offence at the slightest thing, ie is very easily offended. 她动不动就生气. * Compared to his early work, this is a rather slight novel, ie not a major one. 这部小说与他早期作品相比, 不甚重要. 2 not thick and strong; frail; slender 不粗壮的; 脆弱的; 细长的: * a slight figure, girl 苗条的身材、 女孩 * supported by a slight framework 由纤细的骨架支撑的. 3 (idm 习语) not in the `slightest not at all 毫不; 一点也不: * You didn't embarrass me in the slightest. 你一点也没让我为难. 派生： slightly adv 1 to a slight(1) degree 轻微地; 稍稍: a slightly bigger house 稍大些的房子 * The patient is slightly better today. 病人今天稍稍好些. * I know her slightly. 我对她稍有了解. 2 slenderly 细长; 苗条; 微小: a slightly-built child 瘦高的孩子. slightness n [U].

slim
[slim; slim] adj (-mmer, -mmest) 1 (approv 褒) not fat or thick; slender 纤细的; 修长的; 苗条的: * a slim person, figure, waist 瘦高的人、 苗条的身材、 纤细的腰 * I'm trying to get slim. 我想要瘦一些. * a slim pocket-book 小巧的笔记本. =>Usage at thin 用法见thin. 2 not as big as one would like or expect; small 不够大的; 小的: * slim hopes/chances/prospects of success 成功的希望[机会/可能性]不大 * condemned on the slimmest of evidence 根据微不足道的证据被判罪. 派生： slim v (-mm-) 1 [I, Ip] ~ (down) eat less, take exercise, etc in order to lose weight and become slim （藉节食、 运动等）减轻体重使体形苗条: trying to get fit and slim (down) 努力使身体健康、 体形苗条. 2 (phr v) slim sth down reduce sth in size or scale 缩小某事物的大小或规模: slim down the factory's work-force 缩减工厂劳力. slimly adv: a slimly-built person 身材苗条的人. slimmer n person who is slimming 减轻体重的人: a slimmers' magazine, ie one that gives advice on how to slim 健美杂志. slimness n [U].

slime
[slaim; slaim] n [U] 1 thick soft slippery liquid substance, esp mud 稠、 软而滑的液态物质; （尤指）泥浆: * There was a coating of slime on the unwashed sink. 未刷洗的水涤槽上有一层污垢. 2 sticky liquid produced by snails, slugs, etc （蜗牛、 蛞蝓等的）黏液: * a trail of slime 蜗牛的黏液痕迹. 派生： slimy[5slaimi; 5slaimi] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 of, like or covered with slime （似）泥浆的; 有泥浆的: * slip on the slimy steps 在有泥浆的台阶上滑倒. 2 (infml 口) disgustingly dishonest, flattering, hypocritical, etc 奸诈的; 谄媚的; 虚伪的: * You slimy little creep! 你这个卑鄙无耻的小人! sliminess n [U].

sling
[sliN; sliN] n 1 bandage, tied over one shoulder or round the neck, used to support a broken arm, wrist, etc 悬带（用以固定断臂、 腕等的）: * have one's arm in a sling 用悬带吊着手臂. 2 length of rope, strap, chain, etc looped round an object (eg a barrel) to support or lift it 吊具, 吊索, 吊链（用以悬挂或提起物体, 如圆桶的）. 3 strap held in a loop, used for throwing stones, etc 投石器. 派生： sling v (pt, pp slung/slQN; slQN] ) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (infml 口) throw (sb/sth) with great force 用力投掷（某人[某物]）: * slinging stones at birds 投石击鸟 * She slung her coat angrily into the car. 她愤怒地把大衣扔进汽车里. * He was slung out (of the club) for fighting. 他因打架被人（从俱乐部）驱逐出去. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] lift or support (sth) so that it can hang loosely 悬或挂（某物）: * sling a hammock between two tree-trunks 把吊床悬在两树干间 * with her bag slung over her shoulder 她的包挂在肩上. 3 (idm 习语) fling/sling/throw mud => mud. sling one's `hook (Brit sl 俚) go away 走开; 滚蛋. 复合： `sling-shot n (US) = catapult.

slink
[sliNk; sliNk] v (pt, pp slunk/slQNk; slQNk] ) [Ipr, Ip] 1 move as if one feels guilty or ashamed, or does not want to be seen 鬼鬼祟祟地移动; 溜走: * The thief slunk down the dark alley. 那个贼偷偷钻进黑胡同里. * The dog slunk out when I shouted at him. 我向那条狗一喊, 它就溜出去了. =>Usage at prowl 用法见prowl. 2 move in a seductive way 扭捏招摇地走: * slinking around in a tight black dress 穿着黑色紧身连衣裙媚态十足地走来走去.

slinky
[5sliNki; 5sliNki] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 (esp of a woman) moving in a seductive way （尤指女子）扭捏招摇地移动: * her slinky way of dancing 她迷人的舞姿. 2 (of clothes) clinging to the curves of the body （指衣服）紧身显出身体线条的: * a slinky night-dress 显出优美身段的睡衣. > slinkiness n [U].

slip
1[slip; slip] n 1 [C usu sing 通常作单数] act of slipping; false step 滑动; 滑倒; 失足: * One slip and you could fall off the cliff. 脚下一滑就可能从悬崖上跌下去. 2 [C] minor error caused by carelessness or lack of attention 小错误; 小疏忽: * make a slip 失误 * There were a few trivial slips in the translation. 译文中有几个小错误. 3 [C] (a) loose sleeveless garment worn under a dress; petticoat （有肩带的）衬裙. (b) = gym-slip (gym). 4 [C] = pillowcase (pillow). 5 [C] thin or small piece of paper 纸条: * a salary slip, ie giving details of earnings, tax paid, etc 薪金单（列有收入、 税款等细节） * write a phone number on a slip of paper 把电话号码写在纸条上. 6 [C] cutting1(2) taken from a plant for grafting or planting 接穗或插条（嫁接或种植用的）. 7 the slips [pl] = slipway (slip2). 8 (a) [C] (in cricket) (position of a) fielder standing close behind and usu to the off side of the batsman （板球赛中）通常位於击球员右後方的外场员（的位置）: * first/second/third slip 第一[第二/第叁]外场员 * Who is (at) first slip? 谁在第一外场员位置? (b) the slips [pl] place where these fielders stand 上述外场员的守球区: * fielding in the slips 在击球员右後方的位置守球. 9 [U] almost liquid clay for coating earthenware or making patterns on it 泥釉（涂於陶器上作表层或图样的）. 10 (idm 习语) give sb the `slip (infml 口) escape from or get away from (sb following or chasing one) 摆脱或避开（尾随者或追逐者）: * We managed to give our pursuers the slip. 我们设法甩掉了後面追来的人. a `slip of a boy, girl, thing, child, etc a slightly-built boy, etc 瘦削的男孩等: * She's just a slip of a thing, but she can run faster than all of us. 别看她那麽瘦, 跑起来比我们谁都快. a slip of the `pen/`tongue minor error in writing/speech 笔误[口误]:

slip1
* A slip of the tongue made me say Robert instead of Richard. 我说走了嘴把理查德说成了罗伯特. there's ,many a ,slip 'twixt (the) ,cup and (the) `lip (saying 谚) things can easily go wrong before one gets what one wants, expects, hopes for, etc 事情往往会功败垂成: * They think they'll win the election easily, but there's many a slip 'twixt cup and lip. 他们以为能在选举中轻易取胜, 但事情往往会功败垂成.

slipper
[5slipE(r); 5slipl] n loose-fitting light soft shoe worn in the house （室内用的）便鞋, 拖鞋: * a pair of slippers 一双拖鞋. 派生： slippered adj wearing slippers 穿拖鞋的.

slippery
[5slipEri; 5slipEri] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 (of a surface) difficult to hold, stand on or move on without slipping because it is smooth, wet, polished, etc （指物体表面）光滑的, 滑的: * a slippery road, floor, etc 滑的路面、 地板等 * Ice made the path slippery underfoot. 路上结了冰, 走起来很滑. 2 (infml 口) (of a person) not to be trusted; unreliable （指人）狡猾的, 不可靠的: * a slippery salesman 油嘴滑舌的推销员 * She's as slippery as an eel. 她像狐狸一样狡猾. 3 (infml 口) (of a situation, topic, problem, etc) difficult to deal with （指形势、 话题、 问题等）难处理的, 棘手的: * the rather slippery subject of race relations 相当棘手的种族关系问题 * be on slippery ground, ie be dealing with a subject that needs tact, care, etc 处於难以处理的局面. 4 (idm 习语) the slippery `slope (infml 口) course of action that can easily lead to disaster, failure, etc 易导致失败、 灾难等的情况: * A one-party state can be the start of the slippery slope towards fascism. 一党专政有可能是滑向法西斯主义的起点. > slipperiness n [U].

slippy
[5slipi; 5slipi] adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) 1 slippery 光滑的; 滑的; 狡猾的; 棘手的. 2 (dated 旧Brit) quick (used esp in the expressions shown) 快（尤用於以下示例）: * Be slippy about it! 快一点! * Look slippy! ie Hurry up! 赶快!

slipshod
[5slipFCd; 5slip7Fad] adj not done or not doing things carefully; careless 不认真的; 粗心的: * slipshod work 不经心做的工作 * a slipshod style 散漫的作风 * a slipshod worker, writer, etc 马虎的工人、 作者等 * You're too slipshod about your presentation. 你表达得太不认真.

slit
[slit; slit] n long narrow cut, tear or opening 狭长的切口; 裂缝; 开口: * the slit of the letter-box, ie through which letters are put 信箱的投信口 * eyes like slits 细长的眼睛 * a long slit in her skirt 她裙上细长的开口. Cf 参看 slot. 派生： slit v (-tt-; pt, pp slit) [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.a] make a slit in (sth) by cutting; open (sth) by slitting 切开, 裂开（某物）; 在（某物）上开缝: slit sb's throat 切开某人的喉咙 * a jacket slit up the back 在背部有开缝褶的外衣 * slit cloth into strips 把布撕成细条 * slit an envelope open 拆开信封.

slither
[5sliTE(r); 5sliTl] v [I, Ipr, Ip] slide or slip unsteadily摇晃不稳地滑动或滑行: * slithering dangerously (on the muddy path) （在泥泞的路上）危险地滑行 * slither down an icy slope 摇晃着沿结冰的斜坡滑下 * slithering around in the mud 在泥中滑动着 * The snake slithered off (into the grass) as we approached. 那蛇在我们走近时扭动身体钻进草丛中去了. 派生： slithery adj slippery 光滑的; 滑的.

sliver
[5slivE(r); 5slivl] n long thin piece of sth cut or broken off from a larger piece; splinter （切割或断裂下来的）薄长条, 碎片: * slivers of wood, glass, metal, etc 木头、 玻璃、 金属等的碎片 * Cut me just a small sliver of cheese. 给我切一小片乾酪吧. 派生： sliver v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) break into slivers or break off as a sliver; splinter （使某物）破碎或断裂成碎片: The glass slivered when it fell. 玻璃杯掉在地上摔碎了.

slob
[slCb; slab] n (infml derog 口, 贬) slovenly, untidy, lazy or ill-mannered person 肮脏、 不修边幅、 懒惰或粗鲁的人: * Get out of bed, you idle slob! 快起来, 你这懒虫!

slobber
[5slCbE(r); 5slabl] v 1 [I] let saliva fall from the mouth; drool 流口水; 流涎: * a slobbering baby 流着口水的小孩儿. 2 (phr v) slobber over sb/sth (infml derog 口, 贬) show one's affection for sb/sth too openly so that it embarrasses other people 露骨地对某人[某事物]示爱（以致使人难为情）: * slobbering all over her boyfriend 对男朋友肉麻地示爱. 派生： slobber n [U] (infml 口) saliva 口水. slobbery[-Eri; -Eri] adj: * slobbery kisses 多口水的接吻.

sloe
[slEu; slo] n 1 small, bluish-back, very bitter wild plum, fruit of the blackthorn bush 黑刺李（果）. 2 the blackthorn bush itself 黑刺李（树）. 复合： sloe-`gin n [U] liqueur made from sloes steeped in gin 黑刺李杜松子酒.

slog
[slCg; slag] (also slug) v (-gg-) 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] hit (sth/sb) hard 猛击（某物[某人]）: * slog (at) the ball 猛击球 * slogging one's opponent (all around the ring), eg in boxing （围着拳击台）猛击对手（如拳击赛中） * slog the ball over the boundary 把球击过边线. 2 (idm 习语) slog/sweat one's guts out => gut. slog it out (infml 口) fight or struggle until a conclusion is reached 斗出个胜负: * two boxers slogging it out 要斗出个胜败的两个拳击手 * The party leaders are slogging it out in a TV debate. 政党领袖在电视辩论中一决雌雄. 3 (phr v) slog (away) at sth (infml 口) work hard and steadily at sth 勤劳而塌实的工作: * slogging away at my accounts 勤勤恳恳地管理着我的帐目. slog down, up, along, etc walk steadily, often with difficulty, in the direction specified 稳步地沿某方向走（常指艰难地）: * slog up (the hill) in the dark 在黑暗中吃力地向（山）上 走 * slogging through the snow 着雪走. slog through sth (infml 口) work hard and steadily to complete sth 勤劳而塌实地工作以完成某事: * slog through a pile of marking 埋头判一批试卷. 派生： slog (also slug) n (infml 口) 1 hard stroke, eg in cricket 猛击（如板球赛中）. 2 (usu sing 通常作单数) period of hard work or walking 艰难的工作或行走期间: Marking the exam papers was quite a slog. 评阅试卷是很辛苦的工作. * It's a long hard slog up the mountain. 上山的这段路很难走. slogger n (infml 口) 1 person who slogs, eg at cricket 猛击者（如板球赛中）. 2 hard worker 勤劳的工作者.

slogan
[5slEugEn; 5slogEn] n word or phrase that is easy to remember, used as a motto eg by a political party, or in advertising 标语; 口号: * political slogans 政治标语 * `Power to the people' is their slogan. ‘一切权力归人民’是他们的口号.

sloop
[slu:p; slup] n small ship with one mast and sails pointing forward and aft 单桅纵帆船.

slop
[slCp; slap] v (-pp-) 1 [Ipr, Ip] (of liquids) spill over the edge, esp of a container （指液体）溢出, 泼出（尤指从容器中）: * I dropped the bucket, and water sloppedout (of it). 我把桶掉在地上, 水都 了出来. * The tea slopped (over) into the saucer. 茶溢出流到茶托里了. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] cause (sth) to spill 使（某物）溢出或泼出: * slop the beer, paint, etc carelessly (all over the floor) 不小心把啤酒、 油漆等 了一地 * She slopped the dirty water (out) onto the grass. 她把污水泼在草地上了. 3 (phr v) slop about/around (of liquids) move around in a small space, esp a container （指液体）晃荡（尤指在容器里）: * Water was slopping around in the bottom of the boat. 水在船底晃晃荡荡的. slop about/around (in sth) (of people) splash around （指人）用手或脚溅水: * Why do some children like slopping around in puddles? 为什麽有些儿童爱在水坑里泼水玩? slop out empty slops (slop n 1, 2) 倒污水; 倒（尿桶、 便盆等）. 派生： slop n (usu pl 通常作复数) 1 dirty waste water from sinks, baths, etc （洗涤槽、 浴缸等的）污水. 2 urine, excrement and waste water contained in a bucket in prison cells that have no toilet or sink （在无濒生设备的牢房里用便桶盛的）粪便与废水: [attrib 作定语] a `slop-bucket 便桶. 3 (a) swill for pigs （喂猪的）剩菜屑. (b) liquid food (eg milk, soup) esp for sick people 流质食物（如牛奶、 汤等, 尤指供病人食用的）.

slope
[slEup; slop] n 1 (usu sing 通常作单数) slanting line; surface that is at an angle of less than 90 to the earth's surface or a flat surface 斜线; 斜面; 倾斜: * the slope of a roof 屋顶的斜面 * a 40 slope 40的斜线 *a slight/steep slope 稍稍的[很陡的]倾斜. 2 area of rising or falling ground 斜坡: * mountain slopes 山坡 * ski slopes 滑雪斜坡. 3 (idm 习语) the slippery slope => slippery. 派生： slope v 1 [I, Ipr, Ip] have a slope; slant 有坡度; 倾斜: a garden sloping gently towards the river 向河边稍稍倾斜的花园 * The field slopes (away) to the east. 这片田地向东倾斜. * Does your handwriting slope forwards or backwards? 你写的字是向前斜还是向後斜? 2 (phr v) slope off (Brit infml 口) go away, esp without being noticed, in order to avoid doing work, etc 走开（尤指溜走以逃避工作等）.

sloppy
[5slCpi; 5slapi] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 (infml 口) (a) (of a person) careless and untidy in dress, or in the wayhe does things （指人）衣着不整的, 做事马虎的: * a sloppyworker, writer, etc 做事马虎的工人、 作者等 * look sloppy 看上去不整洁. (b) done in a careless and untidy way 草率的; 粗心的: * sloppy typing 粗心大意打出的字 * a sloppy repair 马虎的修理工作. 2 (infml 口) foolishly sentimental 庸俗伤感的: * sloppy sentiment 庸俗伤感的情调 * I hate sloppy romantic films. 我讨厌那些庸俗伤感的爱情片. 3 (derog 贬) (a) covered with spilled water, etc 溅满水等的: * a sloppy counter, floor 溅满水的柜台、 地板. (b) too liquid 太稀的: * sloppy porridge 很稀的麦片粥. 派生： sloppily[-ili; -ili] adv (infml 口) in a sloppy(1, 2) way 衣着不整; 草率; 庸俗伤感: * sloppily dressed 衣着邋遢 * talking sloppily about love 庸俗伤感地谈论着爱情. sloppiness n [U].

slosh
[slCF; slaF] v 1 (infml 口) (a) [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (about/around) (of liquid) move around noisily, eg in a bucket （指液体）晃动作响（如在桶内）: * water sloshing against the sides of the bath 溅着浴缸内侧的水 * Milk sloshed around in the flask. 牛奶在瓶里晃荡作响. (b) [Tn.pr, Tn.p] cause (liquid) to move noisily; splash 使（液体）晃动作响; 泼; 溅: * slosh the whitewash all over the floor 把粉刷涂料溅了一地板 * sloshing the water around in the pail 搅动桶里的水. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] (Brit sl 俚) hit (sb) 打, 击（某人）: * slosh sb on the chin 打在某人的下颌上. 3 (phr v) slosh about/around (in sth) move around noisily in sth liquid 在液体中移动作响: * children sloshing about in puddles 在水坑里溅水玩的儿童. slosh sth onto sth put (paint, etc) on in a careless way 随便涂、 抹、 或泼（颜料等）: * sloshing whitewash on the wall 把粉刷涂料泼在墙上. =>Usage at spray2 用法见spray2. 派生： sloshed adj [pred 作表语] (sl 俚 esp Brit) drunk 醉.

slot
[slCt; slat] n 1 narrow opening through which sth can be put （可投入东西的）窄孔: * put a 10p coin in the slot 把一枚10便士的硬币投入孔中. 2 slit, groove or channel into which sth fits or along which sth slides （用以安装某物或供某物滑动的）沟, 槽, 滑道: * a slot on a dashboard for a car radio 汽车仪表板上的收音机的插口 * The curtain hooks run along a slot in the curtain rail. 窗 的吊钩可沿轨槽滑动. 3 position for sb/sth, eg in a series of broadcasts, a lecture course, etc 为某人[某事物]安排的位置或时间（如在一系列广播、 讲座等中）: * find a slot for a talk on the economy 为经济问题演讲安排时间. 派生： slot v (-tt-) 1 [Tn] make a slot or slots in (sth) 在（某物）中开缺口、 狭缝、 沟、 槽等. 2 (phr v) slot (sth/sb) in, into, through, etc (cause sth/sb to) move in, into, through, etc a slot(2, 3) （使某事物[某人]）插入或置於某位置: The bolt slotted smoothly into place. 插销很容易就插上了. * slot the edge of the panel into the groove 把嵌板的边插进槽里 * Slot this disk in. 把这张盘放进去. * Can we slot her into a job in the sales department? 我们能把她安排在销售部工作吗? 复合： `slot-machine n machine with a slot for coins, used for gambling, or selling cigarettes, bars of chocolate, etc 投币机（设有投币孔, 可用於赌博、 售香烟、 巧克力糖等）.

sloth
1[slEuW; sloW] n [U] (fml 文) laziness; idleness 怠惰; 懒散. 派生： slothful[-fl; -fEl] adj (fml 文) lazy; idle 怠惰的; 懒散的. slothfully[-fEli; -fEli] adv. slothfulness n [U].

slouch
[slautF; slautF] v [I, Ipr, Ip] stand, sit or move in a lazy way, often not quite upright 无精打采地立、 坐或行动（常指不直）: * Don't slouch! Stand up straight! 别没精打采的! 起来站直了! * She slouched past me with her hands in her pockets. 她手插在口袋里懒洋洋地从我身边走了过去. * slouching about all day doing nothing 终日闲荡无所事事. 派生： slouch n 1 [sing] slouching posture or way of moving 无精打采的姿态或动作: walk with a slouch 没精打采地走. 2 (idm 习语) be no slouch at sth (infml 口) be very good at sth 善於做某事: She's no slouch at tennis. 她网球打得不赖. slouchingly adv. 复合： ,slouch `hat soft hat with a wide turned-down brim 垂边软帽.

slough
1[slau, - also slu:; slau, slu] n 1 [C] swamp; marsh 沼泽; 沼地. 2 [C] (in western Canada) pond formed by rain or melted snow （加拿大西部）（雨水、 融雪形成的）水池, 池塘. 3 [sing] ~ of sth (fml 文) bad mental attitude that is hard to change 难以改变的不良心理: * a slough of despair, self-pity, etc 绝望、 自怜等的深渊.

slovenly
[5slQvnli; 5slQvEnli] adj (derog 贬) careless, untidy, dirty, etc in appearance, dress or habits （仪表、 穿着、 习惯等方面）疏忽的, 不整洁的, 邋遢的: * a slovenly waiter, secretary, cook, etc 邋遢的服务员、 秘书、 厨师等 * Those terrible overalls would make anyone look slovenly. 无论谁穿上那种不像样子的长罩衣也是个邋遢相. 派生： sloven[5slQvn; 5slQvEn] n (dated derog 旧, 贬) slovenlyperson 不整洁的人; 邋遢的人. slovenliness n [U].

slow
1[slEu; slo] adj (-er, -est) 1 not moving, acting or done quickly; taking a long time; not fast 行动迟缓的; 费时的; 慢的: * a slow runner, vehicle, journey 跑得慢的人、 行驶缓慢的车、 费时的旅程 * a slow recovery from illness 缓慢的康复 * We're making slow progress. 我们进展缓慢. * a slow poison 慢性毒药 * They played the overture at a fairly slow tempo. 他们用相当缓慢的速度演奏那首序曲. 2 not quick to learn; finding things hard to understand 迟钝的; 愚钝的: * a slow child, learner, pupil, etc 迟钝的孩子、 学习者、 学生等 * slow at figures, ie not good at doing calculations, etc 不善於计算. 3 [pred 作表语] ~ to sth/do sth; ~ (in/about) doing sth not doing things immediately; hesitating to act, speak, etc 迟缓的; 犹豫的: * (fml 文) slow to anger 不轻易发怒 * She's not slow to tell us what she thinks. 她总是毫不犹豫地把她的想法告诉我们. * They were very slow (about) paying me. 他们不痛痛快快把钱付给我. 4 not lively or active enough; sluggish 不活跃的; 不景气的: * The film's too slow, eg does not have enough exciting scenes, etc. 这部影片太没劲了. * Business is rather slow today, eg not many goods are being sold. 今天生意很清淡. 5 [pred 作表语] (often preceded by two minutes, one hour, etc 常用於two minutes、 one hour等之後) (of watches and clocks) showing a time earlier than the correct time （指钟表）慢: * That clock is five minutes slow, eg It shows 1.55 when it is 2.00. 那座钟慢了五分. 6 (of a route, etc) not allowing great speed （指路径等）不能快速行进的: * the slow road through the mountains 只能慢行的山路. 7 (of a surface) causing what moves over it (esp a ball) to move at a reduced speed （指表面）能降低（尤指球）运动速度的: * a slow billiard table, cricket pitch, etc 能减低球的速度的台球台、 板球场等

slow1
* Long grass makes the field slower. 场地上草很长能影响球的速度. sludge /// /slQdV; slQdV] n [U] 1 thick greasy mud or substance resembling this 油泥或类似油泥之物: * some sludge in the bottom of the tank 桶底的一些淤泥. 2 sewage 污水; 下水道的污物.

SLR
[7es el 'a:(r); 7es el 'ar] abbr 缩写 = (of a type of camera) single lens reflex （指一种照相机）单镜头反射.

slue
(US) = slew.

slug
1[slQg; slQg] n small creature like a snail without a shell that moves slowly and leaves a slimy trail 蛞蝓; 鼻涕虫. =>illus at snail 见snail插图.

sluggard
[5slQgEd; 5slQgld] n (dated derog 旧, 贬) lazy slow-moving person 懒散而行动迟缓的人.

sluggish
[5slQgiF; 5slQgiF] adj slow-moving; not alert or lively; lethargic 行动迟缓的; 不机警或不活泼的; 无精打采的: * a sluggish stream, pulse 流速缓慢的溪流、 跳动缓慢的脉搏 * sluggish traffic, conversation 缓慢行驶的车辆、 无生气的谈话 * These tablets make me feel rathersluggish. 我吃了这些药片感到困倦无力. > sluggishlyadv. sluggishness n [U].

sluice
[slu:s; slus] n 1 (also `sluice-gate, `sluice-valve) sliding gate or other device for controlling the flow of water out of or into a canal, lake, lock, etc 水门; 水闸: * open the sluice-gates of a reservoir 放开水库的闸门. 2 water controlled by this （水闸内的）蓄水. 3 (also `sluice-way) artificial water-channel, esp where gold-miners rinse gold out of sand and dirt 人工水道; （尤指金矿工人用以冲洗金砂的）洗矿槽. 派生： sluice v 1 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (down/out) wash or rinse sth with a stream of water 冲洗某物: sluice ore, ie to separate it from gravel, etc 冲洗矿砂（使之与砂砾等分开） * sluice out the stables 冲洗马厩 * We sluiced the muddy wheels (down) with a hose. 我们用水龙软管冲洗沾满泥浆的轮子. 2 (phr v) sluice away, out, out of sth, etc (of water) flow away, out, etc as if from a sluice （指水）（如同从水闸中）流走、 泄出等: water sluicing out of the hole 从洞口流出的水.

slum
[slQm; slQm] n 1 [C] (house or rooms in a) street, alley, etc of badly-built, over-crowded buildings 破旧拥挤的建 物组成的街道、 小巷等（里的房屋）; 贫民窟: * brought up in a slum 在贫民窟长大 * [attrib 作定语] a slum area 贫民区 * slum children 贫民窟的儿童 * (fig 比喻) I can't stand this slum any longer, tidy it up! 我再也无法忍受这种脏乱的环境了, 快整理一下! 2 the slums [pl] area of a town where such buildings are found 贫民区. 派生： slum v (-mm-) 1 [I] (usu in the continuous tenses 通常用於进行时态) visit places thought socially inferior to those where one usu works or enjoys oneself, esp out of curiosity 到社会地位低下的地方去看看（尤指因好奇）: What are they doing drinking at this end of town? Slumming, I suppose. 他们为什麽到城里这个地方来饮酒? 我猜是想看看这穷地方的吧. 2 (idm 习语) slum it (infml 口) choose or be forced to live in poor surroundings 自愿地或被迫地在贫民窟般的环境中生活: While he was studying, Nick had to slum it in a tiny room. 尼克上学期间只能住在很小的房间里. slummy adj (-ier, -iest) (derog 贬) of or like a slum; dirty or untidy （似）贫民窟的; 脏乱的: a slummy district 贫民区 * It looks terribly slummy in this house. 这房子脏乱不堪.

slumber
[5slQmbE(r); 5slQmbl] v [I] (fml or joc 文或谑) sleep, esp peacefully and comfortably 睡眠（尤指睡得安稳而舒服）: * The baby was slumbering peacefully. 孩子睡得正香. 派生： slumber n (often pl 常作复数) (fml or joc esp fig 文或谑, 尤作比喻) sleep 睡眠: fall into a deep slumber 酣然入睡 * disturb sb's slumber(s) 打扰某人的睡眠. slumberer[-bErE(r); -bErl] n (fml 文) person who slumbers 睡觉的人. slumberous[-bErEs; -bErEs] adj (fml 文) sleepy 昏昏欲睡的; 困的.

slump
[slQmp; slQmp] v 1 [I, Ipr, Ip] fall or flop heavily 沉重地落下或倒下: * Tired from her walk she slumped (down) onto the sofa. 她走累了, 一屁股坐在沙发上. * They found her slumped over the steering wheel. 他们发现她倒伏在方向盘上. 2 [I] (of prices, trade, business activity) fall suddenly or greatly （指价格、 贸易、 商业活动）突然或大幅度下跌或减少: * What caused share values to slump? 股价暴跌是什麽原因? 派生： slump n 1 period when business is bad, sales are few, etc; depression(3) 商业萧条期; 不景气; 经济衰退. Cf 参看 recession 1. 2 (US) period when a person, a team, etc has little success, poor results, etc （个人、 运动队等的）低潮状态（几无进展、 成绩不佳等）: a slump in her career 她事业中的低谷.

slung
pt, pp of sling.

slunk
pt, pp of slink.

slur
[slE:(r); slE] v (-rr-) [Tn] 1 run (sounds, words) into each other so that they are indistinct 含糊不清地发出（声音）或说（话）: * the slurred speech of a drunk 喝醉的人说的含糊不清的话. 2 play (musical notes) so that each one runs smoothly into the next 连奏（音符）. 3harm (sb's reputation) by making (esp untrue) statements诋毁（某人的名誉）: * slurred by accusations of dishonesty 遭诽谤被指责为不诚实. 4 (phr v) slur over sth avoid dealing with an unpleasant fact, a difficult problem, etc 回避令人不快的事、 棘手的问题等: * She slurred over the high cost of her plan. 她避而不提她这一计画费用之巨. 派生： slur n 1 [C, U] ~ (on sb/sth) statement, accusation, etc that may damage sb's reputation, esp when untrue 诋毁; 诽谤; 中伤: cast a slur on sb 诽谤某人 * Any suggestion that I accepted bribes would be a monstrous slur. 谁说我受贿就是对我恶意中伤. * (fml 文) She tried to keep her reputation free from slur. 她极力避免名誉受损. 2 [C] (music 音) the mark (薿) or (餕), used to show that two or more notes are to be sung to one syllable or played smoothly without a break 圆滑线, 连接线（即薿或餕）（用以表示把一组音符唱成或奏成一个音节）. 3 [C] slurred sound 含糊不清的声音.

slurp
[slE:p; slEp] v [I, Tn, Tn.p] (infml 口) make a loud noise with the lips as one eats or drinks (sth) 吃或喝（某物）时嘴唇发出很响的声音: * Stop slurping! 吃喝时别发出这麽大的声音! * He was slurping (down) his soup. 他喝汤时嘴唇发出啧啧的声音. 派生： slurp n (usu sing 通常作单数) sound of slurping 吃或喝时嘴唇发出的响声.

slurry
[5slQri; 5slQri] n [U] thin semi-liquid mixture, esp of cement, clay, mud, etc 半流质稀薄混合物（尤指水泥、 黏土、 泥浆等）.

slush
[slQF; slQF] n [U] 1 soft, usu dirty, melting snow on the ground 地面上半融化的（通常指脏的）雪. 2 (infml derog 口, 贬) silly sentimental speech or writing 庸俗的伤感言语或文字: * a romantic novel full of slush 庸俗伤感的爱情小说. > slushy adj (-ier, -est): * slushy pavements有泥有雪的人行道 * (fig 比喻) slushy sentiment, stories 庸俗伤感的情调、 故事. 复合： `slush fund (derog 贬) fund created eg by a political party or a business company, for illegal purposes, eg bribing officials （政党、 公司等的）用於非法目的的基金（如行贿官员的）.

slut
[slQt; slQt] n (derog 贬) woman who is slovenly or sexually immoral 邋遢女子; 放荡女子: * a common slut 下贱的淫荡女人. > sluttish adj: * a sluttish appearance （女子）邋遢的样子 * sluttish behaviour （女子）放荡的行为.

sly
[slai; slai] adj (-er, -est) 1 (often derog 常作贬义) acting or done in a secret, often cunning and deceitful, way 狡猾的; 狡诈的: * a sly fellow, trick, ruse 狡诈的家伙、 伎俩、 计谋 * (joc 谑) You sly old devil! 你这个老奸巨猾的家伙! * It was sly of you not to tell us you'd already met. 你们真坏, 已经见了面还瞒着我们. 2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] suggesting that one knows sth secret; knowing 会意的; 会心的: * a sly smile, look, etc 会心的一笑、 表情等 * She cast a sly glance at her bridge partner. 她向桥牌搭挡使了个会意的眼色. 3 mischievous; playful 淘气的; 顽皮的: * play a sly trick on a friend 作弄朋友. 4 (idm 习语) on the `sly secretly 秘密地: * She must have been having lessons on the sly. 她准是暗地里一直在上课. > slyly adv. slyness n [U].

smack
1[smAk; smAk] n 1 [C] (a) (sound of a) blow given with the open hand; slap 掌击（声）; 掴: * give a child a smack on the bottom 给小孩屁股上一巴掌. (b) (usu sing 通常作单数) loud sound of the lips being parted 嘴唇张开时发出的声音: * a greedy smack of the lips as he cut into the steak 他切牛排时馋得嘴唇一张发出的声音. (c) [C] (infml 口) loud kiss 出声的吻; 响吻: * a smack on the lips/cheek 在嘴唇[面颊]上的响吻. 2 [C usu sing 通常作单数] blow; hit 打; 击: * give the ball a hard smack, eg with a bat in cricket 用力击球（如用板球棒）. 3 [U] (sl 俚 esp Brit) heroin 海洛因. 4 (idm 习语) a smack at sth/doing sth (infml 口) attempt at doing sth 试做某事物: * have a smack at making an omelette 试做煎蛋. 派生： smack v [Tn] 1 strike (sb) with the open hand; slap 用掌击（某人）; 掴: Don't you dare smack my children! 你敢掴我的孩子! 2 (idm 习语) lick/smack one's lips/chops => lick. smack adv 1 in a sudden and violent way 突然而猛烈地: run smack into a brick wall 猛然撞在砖墙上 * hit sb smack in the eye 猛然打在某人的眼部. 2 (US `smack-dab) directly; squarely 直接地; 恰好: It landed smack(-dab) in the middle of the carpet. 那东西正好落在地毯的中央. smacker n (infml 口) 1 loud kiss 出声的吻; 响吻. 2 (sl 俚) pound sterling or US dollar 英镑; 美元: one hundred smackers 一百块钱. smacking n [sing] hitting or being hit with the open hand 掌掴; 挨的巴掌: The child needs a good smacking. 这孩子该好好打一顿.

small
[smC:l; smCl] adj 1 not large in size, degree, number, value, etc （体积、 程度、 数量、 价值等）小的, 少的: * a small house, town, room, audience, sum of money 小房子、 小镇、 小房间、 少数听众、 一小笔钱 * This hat is too small for me. 这帽子我戴太小. * My influence over her is small, so she won't do as I say. 我对她起不了多大影响, 她不会按我的话去做. Cf 参看 big. =>Usage 见所附用法. 2 young 幼小的; 年幼的: * Would a small child know that? 小孩能懂这种事吗? * I lived in the country when I was small. 我小时候住在乡下. 3 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (a) not as big as sth else of the same kind （在同类事物中）较小的: * the small intestine 小肠. (b) (of letters) not written or printed as capitals (capital1 2) （指字母）小写的. 4 [usu attrib 通常作定语] not doing things on a large scale 小规模的; 小范围的: * a small farmer, trader, shopkeeper, company, etc 小农场主、 小本商人、 小店主、 小公司 * more help for small businesses 对小公司的较多帮助 * a small eater, ie a person who does not eat much 饭量小的人. 5 unimportant; trivial; slight 不重要的; 微不足道的; 微小的: * a small matter, change, mistake 小的事情、 变化、 错误 * There are only small differences between the two translations. 这两种翻译之间只有些细微的区别. 6 [attrib 作定语] (derog 贬) having a mean and petty attitude 小气的; 心胸狭窄的: * a very small man 心胸非常狭隘的人 * Only somebody with a small mind would have refused to help. 只有心胸狭窄的人才不肯帮助别人. 7 [attrib 作定语] (used with uncountable nouns 与不可数名词连用) little or no 些微的; 几乎没有的: * have small cause to be glad 没什麽可高兴的 * He failed, and small wonder, ie it is not surprising. 他失败了, 这没什麽奇怪. 8 (idm 习语) (be) grateful/thankful for small `mercies relieved that a bad situation is not worse 庆幸已然糟糕的情况并未更糟:

small1
* It may be cold but it's not raining -- let's be thankful for small mercies. 尽管天气很冷, 但没有下雨--应该知足了. great and small => great. in a big/small way => way1. it's a small `world (saying 谚) one is likely to meet, or hear about, sb one knows (however distantly) wherever one goes 世界可真小（无论走到哪里都可能碰到或听说到自己认识的人）. look/feel `small be humiliated 感到羞愧: * You made me look so small, correcting me in front of everybody. 你当众纠正我的错误, 弄得我很难为情. no/little/small wonder => wonder n. small `beer (infml 口) person or thing of no great importance or value 重要性或价值不大的人或事物: * That grant was pretty small beer: * we shall need a lot more money. 这点补助金是杯水车薪, 我们需要的钱远比这些多. a small `fortune a lot of money 许多钱: * The car cost me a small fortune. 这辆汽车花了我很多钱. `small fry (infml 口) people thought to be unimportant （被认为）不重要的人. the `small hours period of time soon after midnight 午夜刚过的一段时间: * working until/into the small hours 工作到深夜. the small `print the parts of a legal document, contract, etc which are often printed in small type and contain important details that are easy to overlook 法律文件、 契约等中常用小号字体印刷的部分（包括容易忽视的重要细节）: * The penalty clause was hidden in the small print. 惩罚条款印在不起眼的小号字体部分. * Make sure you read all the small print before signing. 一定要先看清小号字体印刷部分再签字. the still small voice => still1. 派生： small adv 1 into small pieces 成为小块: chop the wood small 把木头劈成碎块. 2 of a small size 很小: Don't draw the picture too small. 别把图画得太小. small n 1 smalls [pl] (Brit infml 口) small items of clothing, esp underwear 小件衣物（尤指内衣裤）. 2 [sing] the slender part of sth (used esp in the phrase shown) 某物较细的部分（尤用於以下示例）: the small of the back 背部最窄处.

small2
smallness n [U]. 复合： `small ads/dAz; 7Adz] (Brit infml 口) = classified advertisements (classify). small `arms weapons light enough to be carried in the hands 轻武器（可随手携带者）: [attrib 作定语] small-arms fire 轻武器射击. small `change coins of low value 小面值的硬币: I dropped some small change into the collecting tin. 我把一些硬币投进募捐罐里了. `smallholder, `smallholding ns (Brit) (owner or tenant of a) piece of land, usu more than one acre and less than 50 acres, used for farming 小片耕地（通常指1至50英亩的）; （小片耕地的）地主, 佃农. the `small hours the very early hours of the morning eg 3, 4, 5 o'clock 凌晨的几小时（如3、 4、 5点钟）. ,small-`minded adj (derog 贬) mean and selfish; petty 吝啬自私的; 心胸狭窄的. ,small-`mindedness n [U]. `smallpox n [U] serious contagious disease causing high fever and leaving permanent scars on the skin 天花: [attrib 作定语] a smallpox injection, epidemic 天花的预防注射、 流行. ,small-`scale adj 1 (of a map, drawing, etc) drawn to a small scale2(4) so that few details are shown （指地图、 图样等）以小比例绘制的. 2 not great in size, extent, quantity, etc 小规模、 小范围、 小数量等的: ,only a,small-scale `survey of 20 people 只涉及20人的小范围调查. `small talk conversation about everyday matters, usu at a social event 闲谈; 聊天: I'm afraid I have no small talk, ie I can't chat about unimportant things. 很抱歉, 我不能聊闲天. `small-time adj (infml derog 口, 贬) unimportant; petty 不重要的; 琐碎的: a small-time criminal 轻罪犯. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Compare small and little. 试比较small和little这两个词. Small is the usual opposite of big or large. *small是big和large常见的反义词. It has comparative and superlative forms and can be modified by adverbs such as `rather' *small有比较级和最高级并可受rather一类副词修饰: Our house is smaller than yours but I think the garden is bigger. 我们的房子比你们的小, 但花园比你们的大.

small3
* I have a fairly small income. 我的收入相当微薄. The comparative and superlative forms of little are rare and it is not usually modified by adverbs. *little的比较级和最高级形式很少见, 且little通常不受副词修饰. It is generally only used attributively, often following another adjective, to indicate an attitude of affection, dislike, amusement, etc *little一般只用作定语, 常置於另一形容词之後, 表示爱、 厌恶、 欢娱等: He's a horrid little man. 他是个讨厌的家伙. * What a lovely little house! 多漂亮的房子!

smarmy
[5sma:mi; 5smarmi] adj (-ier, -iest) (Brit infml derog 口, 贬) trying to make oneself popular by flattery and charm 逢迎的; 奉承的; 谄媚的: * a smarmy salesman 满口甜言蜜语的推销员 * The waiters' manners are always so smarmy. 那些服务员总是点头哈腰的.

smart
1[sma:t; smart] adj (-er, -est) 1 bright and new-looking; well-dressed; neat 帅气的; 衣着讲究的; 整齐的: * a smart hat, frock, car 漂亮的帽子、 连衣裙、 汽车 * You look very smart in your new suit. 你穿上新衣服显得很帅. * Make yourself smart before my parents arrive. 趁我父母未到, 你快去打扮一下. 2 (esp US) having or showing intelligence; clever; ingenious 聪明的; 伶俐的; 聪敏的: * a smart student 聪明的学生 * a smart answer, idea 巧妙的回答、 主意 * It was smart of you to bring a map. 你很聪明, 能想到带张地图. 3 (a) quick; brisk 快的; 敏捷的: * go for a smart walk 轻松地散散步 * set off at a smart pace 迈着矫健的步子出发. (b) (of a blow or of criticism) forceful （指打击或批评）有力的, 猛烈的: * I gave a smart blow on the lid, and it flew open. 我朝盖子猛一击, 就把它打开了. * a smart rebuke from the teacher 教师的严厉指责. 4 fashionable; chic 时髦的; 高雅的: * the smart set 时髦的阔人 * a smart restaurant 格调高雅的餐馆. 派生： smarten[5sma:tn; 5smartn] v (phr v) smarten (oneself/sb/sth) up make oneself/sb/sth neater, tidier, etc 使自己[某人/某物]更整洁、 更有条理等: * You'll have to smarten (yourself) up a bit before going out. 你得打扮一下再出门. * Try to smarten the house up before the visitors arrive. 在客人来到之前要把房子整理一下. smartly adv: smartly dressed 衣着整洁 * walk smartly into the room 迈着矫健的步子走进房间 * hit sth smartly with a hammer 用锤子猛敲某物. smartness n [U]. 复合： smart `alec[5Alik; 7Alik] (infml usu derog 口, 通常作贬义) person who acts as if he has great ability and knowledge; know-all 自作聪明的人; 万事通.

smash
[smAF; smAF] v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p, Cn.a] ~ sth (up); ~ sth open (cause sth to) be broken violently into pieces （使某物）粉碎, 破碎: * the sound of a glass smashing (into pieces) on the floor 玻璃杯摔在地板上破碎时发出的声音 * smash a window 打破一扇窗户 * smash (up) all the furniture 捣毁所有的家具 * smash the furniture to pieces 把家具砸碎 * The lock was rusty, so we had to smash the door open. 锁住了, 我们得把门砸开. 2 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] hit (sth/sb) very hard 重击, 痛击, 猛击（某物[某人]）: * smash the ball (out of the court) 用力击球（把球击出场外） * I'll smash you in the eye! 当心我给你眼睛一拳! * The batsman smashed the ball up into the air. 击球员把球击得很高. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] (in tennis) hit (a ball) downwards over the net with a hard overhand stroke （网球）打出高压（球）: * He smashed the lob (straight at his opponent's body). 他把高球（冲着对手）叩杀过去. 3 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) crash (a vehicle) 撞毁（车）: * She smashed (up) her new car in the fog. 她在大雾中把新汽车给撞毁了. 4 [Tn] (infml 口) defeat or destroy (eg an opponent or his activities); end (esp sth bad) 击败或粉碎（如对手或其行动）; 结束（尤指坏事）: * We are determined to smash terrorism. 我们一定要消灭恐怖主义. * The champions were completely smashed in the final. 冠军在决赛中都吃了败仗. * smash a record, ie (in sport, etc) set a far better record （运动等）大破记录 * Police smashed the drug ring. 警方粉碎了贩毒集团. 5 (phr v) smash (sth) against, into, through, etc sth (cause sth to) move with great force into, against etc, sth （使某物）冲进或撞上某物: * The car smashed into the wall. 汽车撞在墙上. * The elephant smashed through the trees. 大象在树林中横冲直撞. * She smashed the hammer down onto the box. 她用锤子猛击箱子. smash sth down make sth fall down by smashing it, eg with a hammer 击倒某物（如用锤子）:

smash1
* The fireman smashed the door down to reach the children. 消防员破门而入冲向孩子们. smash sth in make a hole, dent, etc in sth by hitting it with great force 将某物撞出窟窿、 凹痕等: * Vandals smashed the door in. 那些破坏公物的人把门撞瘪了. * (infml 口) I'll smash your head in! ie said as a threat to hit sb. 当心我砸碎你的脑袋! 派生： smash n 1 [sing] act or sound of smashing 破碎; 破碎时发出的声音: the smash of breaking glass 玻璃摔得粉碎 * The plate hit the floor with a smash. 盘子摔在地板上啪的一声碎了. 2 (also `smash-up) [C] car crash 撞车: an awful smash(-up) on the motorway 高速公路上严重的撞车事故. 3 [C] tennis stroke in which a player smashes the ball 网球的高压球: develop a powerful smash 训练打出强有力的高压球. 4 [C] (also smash `hit) (infml 口) play, song, film, etc which is suddenly very successful 极为轰动的戏剧、 歌曲、 影片等. smash adv with a smash （撞）得破碎; 碰撞时发出声音: land smash on the floor 掉在地板上摔得粉碎 * go/run smash into the wall 步行[跑步]时砰的一声撞到墙上. smashed adj [pred 作表语] (sl 俚) drunk 喝醉. smasher n (infml 口 esp Brit) excellent, attractive, etc person or thing 优异的、 漂亮的人或事物; 尤物: She's a real smasher! 她真是漂亮极了! smashing adj (infml 口 esp Brit) excellent 极好的: We had a smashing time on holiday! 我们假期过得真痛快! 复合： ,smash-and-`grab adj [attrib 作定语] (of a robbery) in which the thief smashes a shop window to steal the goods on display （指抢劫案）（窃贼）砸破商店橱窗（抢走陈列品之）行劫的: a ,smash-and-`grab raid 砸破商店橱窗行劫.

smattering
[5smAtEriN; 5smAtEriN] n [sing] ~ (of sth) slight knowledge, esp of a language 浅薄的知识（尤指对一语言）; 一知半解: * have a smattering of French, German, etc 懂一点法语、 德语等.

smear
[smiE(r); smir] v 1 [Tn.pr] ~ sth on/over sth/sb; ~ sth/sb with sth spread a greasy or sticky substance, eg paint, on sth/sb 将油脂或黏性物质（如油漆）涂於某物[某人]: * smear oil on the machinery 把油涂在机器上 * smearing mud all over the wall 在墙上涂满泥浆 * We smeared cream on our faces/smeared our faceswith cream. 我们在脸上搽雪花膏. 2 [Tn] (a) make (sth) dirty or greasy; smudge 弄脏（某物）; 使躱某物）弄上油污: * The window was all smeared after the rain. 下过雨後窗户都脏了. * Don't smear the lens; I've just polished it. 别把镜头弄脏了, 我刚刚擦过. (b) (fig 比喻) damage (sb or sb's reputation), eg by suggesting they have acted immorally 玷污（某人或某人的名誉）（如说某人行为不端）: * In politics you expect to get smeared by your opponents. 在政治事务中遭对手诽谤是常有的事. 3 [Tn] blur (a drawing, an outline, etc) eg by rubbing it 将（图画、 轮廓等）弄模糊（如经摩擦）: * smear the print with one's finger 手指把印刷品弄得模糊不清. 派生： smear n 1 mark made by smearing 污点; 污迹: a smear of paint 油漆的污迹 * smears of blood on the wall墙上的血迹. 2 ~ (on sb/sth) suggestion or accusationthat damages sb's reputation 污蔑; 诽谤: This accusationof bribery is a vile smear on an honourable citizen. 这项有关贿赂的指控是对一个正直公民的无耻诽谤. * [attrib 作定语] a smear campaign 一系列有预谋的诽谤活动 * smear tactics 污蔑的伎俩. 3 specimen of a substance spread on a slide to be examined under a microscope 涂片（涂在显微镜载片上供检查的物质标本）: a cervical smear, ie taken from the cervix 子宫颈涂片 * [attrib 作定语] a smear test 涂片检查. smeary[5smiEri; 5smiri] adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) 1 smeared 被涂污的; 被弄脏的: * a smeary window 弄脏的窗户. 2 causing smears 造成污迹的: * a smeary paintbrush容易弄出污迹的颜料刷.

smell
1[smel; smel] n 1 [U] ability to smell 嗅觉: * Taste and smell are closely connected. 味觉与嗅觉是密切相关的. * The dogs can find drugs by smell. 这些狗能嗅出毒品. 2 (a) [C, U] thing that is smelled; quality that allows sth to be smelled; odour 气味; 某物特有的气味: * a strong smell of gas 一股强烈的煤气味 * There's a smell of cooking. 有一股烹饪的味. * The smells from the kitchen filled the room. 整个房间都是从厨房飘来的气味. * The cream has no smell. 这种奶油无特殊气味. (b) [sing] unpleasant smell 难闻的气味; 臭味: * There's a bit of a smell in here. 这里有点难闻的味. * What a smell! 多难闻的气味! 3 [C usu sing 通常作单数] act of smelling sth 嗅; 闻: * Have a smell of this egg and tell me if it's bad. 闻闻这个蛋, 告诉我坏没坏. * One smell of the rotten meat was enough! 这腐烂的肉闻一下就够受的了! 派生： smelly adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) having a bad smell发出难闻气味的; 有臭味的: a smelly room, car, yard 有难闻气味的房间、 汽车、 院子 * smelly feet, breath, fumes 有臭味的脚、 口臭、 难闻的烟. smelliness n [U].

smelt
1[smelt; smelt] v [Tn] 1 heat and melt (ore) in order to obtain the metal it contains 熔炼. 2 obtain (metal) in this way （以熔炼法）提炼（金属）: * a copper-smelting works 炼铜厂.

smidgen
(also smidgin)[5smidVEn; 5smidVEn] n [sing] ~ (of sth) (infml 口 esp US) small bit or amount 些微; 少量: * `Do you want some sugar?’ `Just a smidgen.’ ‘你要糖吗?’‘只要一点儿.’

smile
[smail; smail] n 1 expression of the face, usu with the corners of the mouth turned up, showing happiness, amusement, pleasure, etc 微笑: * with a relieved, amused, cheerful smile on his face 他面带宽慰、 喜悦、 欢快的笑容 * give sb a happy smile 对某人愉快地微笑. 2 (idm 习语) all `smiles looking very happy 显得非常愉快: * She was all smiles at the news of her win. 她听到自己获胜的消息喜形於色. 派生： smile v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (at sb/sth) give a smile or smiles 微笑: smile happily, with pleasure, etc 幸福地、 高兴地...微笑 * He never smiles. 他从不露笑脸. * I smiled at the child and said `Hello'. 我朝那小孩笑了笑说: ‘你好’. 2 [Tn] express (sth) by means of a smile 以微笑表示（某信息）: She smiled her approval. 她以微笑表示同意. * I smiled my thanks. 我以微笑表示谢意. 3 [Tn] give (the specified type of smile) 发出（某种微笑）: She smiled a bitter smile. 她苦笑了一下. 4 (phr v) smile on sb/sth (fml 文) approve of or encourage sb/sth 对某人[某事物]表示赞成或鼓励之意: The council did not smile on our plan, ie rejected it. 委员会否决了我们的计画. * Fortune smiled on us, ie We were successful.幸运之神向我们微笑了（我们成功了）. smilingly adv with a smile or smiles 微笑着.

smirch
[smE:tF; smEtF] v [Tn] = besmirch.

smirk
[smE:k; smEk] n silly or self-satisfied smile 傻笑; 得意的笑: * Wipe that smirk off your face! 别那麽傻笑了! 派生： smirk v [I] give a smirk 傻笑. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Compare smirk, sneer, frown, scowl and grimace. 试比较smirk、 sneer、 frown、 scowl、 grimace这几个词. These verbs indicate people twisting their faces to express various, usually negative, attitudes. 这几个动词表达的是面部的各种表情, 通常都表示有不好的含义. People smirk when they smile in a silly way to show that they are pleased with themselves, usually at the expense of somebody else. *smirk指自鸣得意地傻笑, 通常含幸灾乐祸之意. When we sneer, we curl our upper lip to express a superior or contemptuous attitude to other people *sneer指翘起上唇嗤笑, 流露出高人一等的或轻蔑的神情: He's always sneering at my suggestions. 他总是对我提出的建议嗤之以鼻. We frown by bringingour eyebrows together to indicate displeasure, puzzlementor concentration. *frown指皱眉头, 表示不悦、 不解或精神集中. When scowling we twist the whole face to express anger, bad temper, etc *scowl指怒容满面, 表示愤怒、 发脾气等: He sits alone all day scowling at passers-by. 他整天独自坐着, 横眉怒目地瞪着来往的人. We also twist the whole face when we grimace.*grimace也指整个面部抽动的表情. We usually grimace for a very short time as a reaction to pain or annoyance, or to cause laughter. *grimace通常为时短暂, 是痛苦或烦恼的反应, 或是为引人发笑.

smite
[smait; smait] v (pt smote/smEut; smot] , pp smitten[5smitn; 5smitn] ) [Tn] (fml or joc 文或谑) 1 hit (sb/sth) hard; strike 重击（某人[某物]）; 打: * He smote the ball into the grandstand. 他把球打到看台上去了. 2 have a great effect on (sb) 对（某人）产生重大影响: * His conscience smote him. 他受到了良心的谴责.

smith
[smiW; smiW] n 1 = blacksmith. 2 (in compounds 用以构成复合词) person who makes metal utensils, ornaments, etc 金属工匠（制金属器皿、 饰物等者）: * a `goldsmith * a `silversmith. 派生： smithy[5smiTi; 5smiTi] n blacksmith's workshop 铁匠 .

smithereens
[7smiTE'ri:nz; 7smiTE'rinz] n [pl] (used esp with vs meaning break or destroy) small pieces （尤与意为‘打破’或‘粉碎’之类的动词连用）碎片: * smash, blow, hammer, etc sth (in)to smithereens 把某物撞、 炸、 敲...成碎片.

smitten
1 pp of smite.

smock
[smCk; smak] n (a) loose garment (often with smocking on it) worn over other clothes to protect them from dirt, etc 罩衫, 罩衣（常有褶饰）: * Smocks were formerly worn by farm-workers. 这种罩衫是旧时农民穿的. * The artist's smock was covered in paint. 那艺术家的罩衣上沾满了颜料. (b) loose comfortable shirt-like garment worn esp by pregnant women （衬衫式的）宽松舒适的上衣（尤指孕妇服）: * a brightly-coloured smock worn over trousers 罩住裤子的鲜艳上衣. 派生： smocking n [U] type of decoration on a garment made by gathering the cloth tightly with stitches （服装上的）褶饰: delicate smocking on a baby's dress 幼儿服装上精致的褶饰.

smog
[smCg; smag] n [U] mixture of fog and smoke 雾和烟的混合物; 烟雾: * Smog used to bring London traffic to a standstill. 过去伦敦的交通常因烟雾而受阻. =>Usage at fog 用法见fog.

smoke
1[smEuk; smok] n 1 [U] visible (usu white, grey or black) vapour coming from sth that is burning 烟: * smoke from factory chimneys 工厂烟囱冒出的烟 * The room was full of cigarette smoke. 满屋子都是香烟的烟雾. 2 [C] (a) (usu sing 通常作单数) (infml 口) act or period of smoking tobacco 吸烟; 抽烟: * They stopped work to have a smoke. 他们停下工作吸口烟. * I haven't had a smoke all day. 我一整天还没抽过烟呢. (b) (dated sl 旧, 俚) thing (esp a cigar or cigarette) to be smoked 烟（尤指雪茄或香烟）: * Has anyone got any smokes? 哪位有烟? 3 (idm 习语) ,go up in `smoke (a) be completely burnt 被烧光: * The whole house went up in smoke in less than an hour. 整座房子不到一个小时就烧光了. (b) (fig 比喻) result in failure; leave nothing of value behind 以失败告终; 未剩下有价值的东西: * When he crashed his car all his travel plans went up in smoke. 他把汽车撞坏了, 他的整个旅行计画都吹了. (there is) ,no ,smoke with,out `fire (saying 谚) there is always some reason for a rumour 无火不生烟; 谣言也总是事出有因: * He's denied having an affair with his secretary, but of course there's no smoke without fire. 他不承认和他秘书发生了关系, 但自是空穴来风喽. 派生： smokeless adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] 1 burning with little or no smoke （燃烧时）无烟的: smokeless fuel 无烟燃料. 2 free from smoke （环境）无烟的: a smokeless zone, ie an area where smoke is prohibited 禁止吸烟区. smokiness n [U]: He hates the smokiness of pubs and bars. 他讨厌酒馆和酒吧里弥漫的烟雾. 复合： `smoke-bomb (also `smoke-grenade) n bomb that sends out clouds of smoke (used esp in police or military operations) 烟幕弹（尤为警方或於军事行动中使用的）: Smoke-bombs were thrown during the street riots. 街道上出现骚乱时投放了烟幕弹. `smoke-screen n (a) clouds of smoke used to hide military, naval, police, etc operations 烟幕（用以掩护陆军、 海军、 警方等的行动的）.

smoke1
(b) (fig 比喻) action, explanation, etc designed to hide one's real intentions, activities, etc 障眼法（用以遮掩真实意图、 行动等的举动、 藉口等）: The export business was just a smokescreen for his activities as a spy. 他做出口生意只是为他的间谍活动打掩护. `smoke-stack n (a) funnel serving as an outlet for steam from a steamship 轮船的烟囱. (b) tall chimney 高大的烟囱. (c) (US) funnel of a steam train 蒸汽火车的烟囱.

smoky
[5smEuki; 5smoki] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 giving out or having a lot of smoke; full of smoke 冒烟的; 多烟的; 烟雾弥漫的: * smoky chimneys, fires, etc 冒烟的烟囱、 炉火等 * the smoky atmosphere of an industrial town 工业城市中混有烟雾的空气 * This room is very smoky. 这房间里烟雾弥漫. 2 like smoke in smell, taste or appearance （气味、 味道或外观）像烟（雾）的: * smoky cheeses 烟熏味的乾酪 * rather a smoky whisky 带有烟熏味的威士忌. 3 like smoke in colour, appearance, etc （颜色、 外观等）像烟（雾）的: * a pretty smoky glass 小巧的烟色玻璃杯 * a smoky grey coat 烟灰色的大衣. smokiness n [U].

smolder
(US) = smoulder.

smooch
[smu:tF; smutF] v [I] (infml 口) kiss and cuddle, sometimes when dancing slowly with another person 接吻、 拥抱（有时於慢舞时）: * hours of smooching in the back seat of the car 在汽车後座上接吻、 拥抱数小时 * couples smooching on the dance floor 在舞池里相拥相吻的对对舞伴. 派生： smooch n [sing] (infml 口) activity of smooching 接吻、 拥抱: having a smooch in the back row of the cinema 在影院後排接吻、 拥抱.

smooth
1[smu:T; smuT] adj (-er, -est) 1 having an even surface without points, lumps, bumps, etc; not rough 光滑的; 平坦的; 平静的: * a smooth skin 光滑的皮肤 * a smooth road 平坦的路面 * a smooth sheet of ice 光滑的冰 * a smooth sea, ie calm, free from waves 平静的海面 * Marble is smooth to the touch, ie feels smooth when touched. 大理石摸起来很光滑. Cf 参看 rough1. 2 free from difficulties, problems, etc 顺利的; 无困难的; 无问题的: * as smooth a journey as possible 极为顺利的旅途 * The new bill had a smooth passage through Parliament. 新法案在议会顺利通过. * They made things very smooth for me, ie removed difficulties for me. 他们为我排除了困难. 3 moving evenly, without bumps, jolts, stops, etc 平稳的; 无颠簸的; 不摇晃的: * a smooth ride in a good car 坐着性能好的汽车平稳的行驶 * a smooth landing in an aircraft 乘飞机平稳的着陆 * a smooth crossing by sea 平稳的海上横渡 * smooth breathing 畅顺的呼吸. 4 (of a liquid mixture) free from lumps; evenly mixed or beaten （指液态混合物）无颗粒的, 搅拌均匀的: * smooth custard 调匀的牛奶蛋糊 * Mix the butter and sugar to a smooth paste. 把黄油、 糖调匀成糊状. 5 (a) tasting pleasant; not bitter 味美的; 不苦的: * a smooth whisky 味醇的威士忌 * a smooth cigar 烟味柔和的雪茄. (b) (fig 比喻) flowing easily and evenly 流畅的: * smooth verse 流畅的诗句 * a smooth voice 柔和的嗓音. 6 (often derog 常作贬义) (usu used of men) flattering and agreeable (but perhaps insincere); (too) polite （通常指男子）奉承而随和的（但可为虚假的）; （过分）礼貌的: * a smooth manner 圆滑的态度 * a smooth, plausible individual 八面玲珑、 油嘴滑舌的人. 7 (idm 习语) in smooth `water(s) making even and easy progress 进展顺利; 一帆风顺: * The business seems to be in smooth waters these days. 这些日子生意好像很顺利. a smooth, slick, etc operator => operator. (as) smooth as `silk/a baby's `bottom/`velvet very smooth 十分柔软、 光滑:

smooth1
* Her skin is still as smooth as a baby's bottom. 她的皮肤仍然十分柔软、 光滑. take the rough with the smooth => rough3. 派生： smoothie (also smoothy) (infml derog 口, 贬) n person (usu a man) who behaves in a smooth1(6) way 奉承而随和的人（通常指男子）: Don't trust him he's a real smoothie! 别相信他--他净顺情说好话! smoothly adv in a smooth manner 光滑地; 平坦地; 平静地; 顺利的: The engine is running smoothly now. 发动机现在运转得很顺畅. * Things are not going very smoothly, ie There are troubles, interruptions, etc. 事情进展得不太顺利. smoothness n [U]: the smoothness of her skin 她皮肤的柔软光滑 * the smoothness of the sea 海面的平静 * the smoothness of the negotiations 谈判的顺利进展. 复合： ,smooth-`tongued (also ,smooth-`spoken) adj (usu derog 通常作贬义) speaking in a smooth1(6) way; persuasive in speech 油腔滑调的; 能言善辩的: ,smooth-tongued `salesmen 能说会道的推销员.

smorgasbord
[5smC:gEsbC:d; 5smCrgEs7bCrd] n [U] (meal with a) variety of hot or cold savoury dishes served from a buffet 瑞典式自助餐（的各种冷热佳肴）: * Help yourself from the smorgasbord. 请随便用自助餐.

smote
pt of smite.

smother
[5smQTE(r); 5smQTl] v 1 [I, Tn] (cause sb to) die from lack of air, or from not being able to breathe; suffocate （使某人）窒息, 闷死: * He smothered the baby with a pillow. 他用枕头把婴儿闷死了. * (fig 比喻) She felt smothered with kindness. 她感受到难以消受的热情. 2 [Tn] put out or keep down (a fire) by covering it with ashes, sand, etc 用灰、 沙等熄灭或闷住（火）: If you put too much coal on the fire at once you'll smother it. 在火上一下子添上很多煤, 反而能把火闷死. * Smother the flames from the burning pan with a wet towel. 用湿毛巾把锅里的火扑灭. * (fig 比喻) smother a yawn, smile, laugh, etc, ie prevent it from developing 忍住哈欠、 微笑、 大笑等 * (fig 比喻) He had to smother a giggle. 他得抑制住自己, 不咯咯地笑出声来. 3 [Tn.pr] ~ sth/sb with/in sth cover sth/sb thickly or to too great an extent 厚厚地或大面积地覆盖某物[某人]: a pudding smothered in cream 有很厚的奶油的布丁 * smother a child with kisses 不停地吻着孩子.

smoulder
(US smolder)[5smEuldE(r); 5smoldl] v [I]burn slowly without flame （无火焰）缓慢燃烧: * a cigarettesmouldering in the ashtray 在烟灰缸里慢慢燃烧的香烟 * (fig 比喻) Hate smouldered inside him. 他心中积怨甚久. * She smouldered silently with jealousy, ie did not express it openly. 她妒火中烧.

smudge
[smQdV; smQdV] n dirty or blurred mark, oftencaused by rubbing 污点, 污迹（常因磨擦造成的）: * You'vegot a smudge of soot on your cheek. 你脸上有块煤灰污迹. * Wash your hands or you'll make smudges on the writing paper. 把手洗乾净, 别把写字的纸弄脏了. 派生： smudge v 1 [Tn] make a dirty or blurred mark or marks on (sth) 弄污, 污脏（某物）: paper smudged with fingerprints 被指印弄脏的纸 * You've smudged my picture! 你把我的画给弄脏了! 2 [I] become blurred or smeared 变模糊; 弄脏: Wet ink smudges easily. 墨水没乾很容易弄出污迹.

smug
[smQg; smQg] adj (-gger, -ggest) (usu derog 通常作贬义) too pleased with or proud of oneself, one's achievements, etc; self-satisfied 沾沾自喜的; 自满的; 自鸣得意的: * a life of smug respectability 沾沾自喜的体面生活 * smug optimism 自鸣得意的乐观态度. > smuglyadv: * smile smugly at the failures of others 对别人的失败幸灾乐祸. smugness n [U].

smuggle
[5smQgl; 5smQgl] v [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth/sb (into/out of/across/through sth); ~ sth/sb in/out/across/through 1 get (goods) secretly and illegally into or out of a country, esp without paying customs duty 偷运（货物）进出某国（尤指逃避关税）; 走私: * smuggle Swiss watches into England 走私瑞士表运进英国 * smuggle drugs through customs 偷运毒品过海关 * smuggle goods across a frontier 偷运货物过境 * arrested for smuggling out currency 因私携货币出境而被捕. 2 send, take or bring (sth/sb) secretly and in defiance of rules and regulations （违反规章制度）偷运, 偷带（某物[某人]）: * smuggle people out of the country 把人偷偷运送出国 * smuggle a prisoner through the main gates 把囚犯偷偷带出大门 * smuggle a letter into prison 把信偷偷带进监狱. 派生： smuggler[5smQglE(r); 5smQgll] n person whosmuggles 走私者; 偷运者: * This cave was used by smugglersin the eighteenth century. 这个洞穴是十八世纪走私的人使用的. drug smugglers 走私毒品的人. smuggling[5smQgliN; 5smQgliN] n [U] activity of smuggling 走私活动: * `drug-smuggling 毒品走私活动 * There's a lot of smuggling across this frontier. 这段边境走私活动很猖獗. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: People smuggle goods from one country to another when they illegally take things like watches, drugs, cigarettes, etc across a border. *smuggle指将手表、 毒品、 香烟之类物品从一国非法越过边境运往另一国. These goods may be banned (eg drugs) or they may be more expensive in the second country because of duty (eg jewellery). 这些物品或为禁品（如毒品）, 或因关税重（如珠宝）在另一国可能价格更贵. Smugglers run guns, drugs and other prohibited dangerous items between countries, possibly as a regular activity. *run指走私者在国与国之间运送枪支、 毒品及其他违禁危险品, 可能为经常性的活动. Goods (especially alcohol) are bootlegged when they aresmuggled or manufactured and sold illegally. *bootleg指非法运送、 制造及出售货物（尤指酒）. When records, films, books, etc are illegally copied and sold they are pirated. *pirate指非法复制及出售唱片、 影片、 书籍等.

smut
[smQt; smQt] n 1 [C] (mark or spot made by a) bit of soot, dirt, etc 煤炱、 污泥等（造成的污迹或污点）: * dozens of smuts on my clean washing 我洗乾净的衣物上的许多污迹. 2 [U] (infml derog 口, 贬) indecent or vulgar words, stories, pictures, etc 下流的或猥亵的言语、 故事、 图片等: * Don't talk smut. 不要说脏话. * The tabloid papers are full of smut. 这些小报充斥着下流的东西. 派生： smutty adj (-ier, -iest) 1 marked with smuts (smut 1); dirty 有污迹的; 肮脏的: a child with a smutty face 满脸污垢的孩子 * smutty marks on the white tablecloth 白桌布上的斑斑污迹. 2 (infml derog 口, 贬) (of talk, pictures, stories, etc) indecent; vulgar （指谈话、 图片、 故事等）下流的, 猥亵的, 淫秽的: smutty books 淫秽的书 * smutty humour 下流的幽默. smuttiness n [U]: the smuttiness of the comedian's jokes 那滑稽演员说的笑话中的猥亵话.

snack
[snAk; snAk] n small meal, usu eaten in a hurry, esp between main meals 小吃, 点心（通常指匆匆食用者, 尤指两正餐之间的）: * Usually I only have a snack at lunchtime. 我中午通常只吃点心. * The children have a mid-morning snack of milk and biscuits. 这些儿童在早餐与午餐之间有牛奶与饼乾作点心. * [attrib 作定语] a snack lunch 午餐小吃. 派生： snack v [I] (infml 口) eat snacks between or instead of main meals 吃点心或小吃: I prefer to snack when I'm travelling rather than have a full meal. 我旅行时喜欢吃小吃而不吃正餐. 复合： `snack-bar n cafe, counter, etc where snacks may be bought 小餐馆; 小吃店; 小吃部: We had coffee and sandwiches at the snack-bar. 我们在小吃店喝咖啡、 吃叁明治.

snaffle
[5snAfl; 5snAfl] v [Tn] (Brit infml 口) take (sth) for oneself, usu quickly and greedily or unlawfully 将（某物）攫为己有（通常指迅速地、 贪婪地或非法地）: * They snaffled all the food at the party before we got there. 在我们到那里之前, 他们已经把聚会上的食物全吃光了. * Thieves snaffled all the goods from the burnt warehouse. 窃贼把失火的仓库里的货物都偷走了.

snag
[snAg; snAg] n 1 small difficulty or obstacle, usu hidden, unknown or unexpected 小的困难或障碍（通常指潜在的、 未知的或未料到的）: * come across a snag 碰到点困难 * We hit (ie encountered) several snags while still at the planning stage. 我们在计画阶段就遇到了几个困难. * There must be a snag in it somewhere. 一定是在某处出了个小故障. * The only snag is that I have no money. 唯一的困难是我没钱. 2 rough or sharp projection, which may be dangerous （可能带来危险的）不平的或尖利的突出部分. 3 tear, hole or threadpulled out of place (esp in tights or stockings) in materialthat has caught on a snag(2) （尖利物造成的）划破、 刺穿或断线处（尤指裤袜或长袜上的）: * I have a snag in my best black tights. 我最好的一条黑裤袜给划破了. 派生： snag v (-gg-) [Tn] catch or tear (sth) on sth rough or sharp 在尖利物上钩住或撕破（某物）: Her tights were badly snagged. 她的裤袜划破了一大片. * He snagged his sweater on the wire fence. 他的毛衣在铁丝网上钩破了.

snail
[sneil; snel] n 1 type of small soft slow-moving animal, usu with a hard spiral shell 蜗牛: * Snails have been eating our lettuces. 蜗牛一直在吃我们的莴苣. * The snail retreated into its shell. 蜗牛缩进壳里去了. 2 (idm 习语) at a `snail's pace very slowly 极慢的: * The old woman crossed the road at a snail's pace. 那个老太太横过马路时走得慢极了.

snake
[sneik; snek] n 1 any of various types of long legless crawling reptile, some of which are poisonous 蛇: * the scaly skin of the snake 蛇的鳞状皮 * cobras and other dangerous snakes 眼镜蛇及其他毒蛇. 2 treacherous person 阴险的人. 3 (idm 习语) a ,snake in the `grass deceitful or treacherous person who pretends to be a friend 伪装成朋友的阴险的人: * That snake in the grass reported me to the boss. 那个口蜜腹剑的家伙到老板那里告了我一状. 派生： snake v (phr v) snake (its way) across, past, through, etc move in a twisting way like a snake; follow a twisting winding course 蛇行斗折; 沿曲折道路行进: The road snakes (its way) through the mountains. 那条路斗折蛇行穿过群山. * The river snaked away into the distance. 那条河蜿蜒曲折流向远方. snaky adj of or like a snake （似）蛇的: the snaky movements of the young dancers 年轻舞蹈演员婀娜的舞姿 * narrow snaky roads through the hills 穿过群山的羊肠小道. 复合： `snake-bite n [C, U] wound or condition resulting from being bitten by a poisonous snake 毒蛇咬伤: be ill from a snake-bite 因毒蛇咬後生病 * an antidote for snake-bite, ie sth that acts against the poison 治蛇咬伤的解毒药. `snake-charmer n entertainer who can control snakes and make them (seem to) move rhythmically to music 弄蛇者（能驯蛇使蛇随音乐起舞的人）. ,snakes and `ladders board game played with counters which can move up pictures of ladders (to progress) or down pictures of snakes (to go back) 蛇梯棋（一种棋类游戏, 棋子沿梯形图前进、 沿蛇形图後退）. `snakeskin n skin of a snake, esp when made into leather (for bags, etc) 蛇皮（尤指用於做皮包等的）: shoes made of snakeskin 蛇皮鞋 * [attrib 作定语] a snakeskin belt 蛇皮皮带.

snap
1[snAp; snAp] v (-pp-) 1 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (cause sth to) break suddenly with a sharp noise （使某物）断裂并发出尖利声音: * He stretched the rubber band till it snapped. 他把橡皮筋啪的一声拉断了. * Suddenly the branch that he was standing on snapped off. 他踩着的树枝突然啪的一声折断了. * The great weight snapped the metal bar (in two). 重量很大把金属 喀吧一声压成两截了. * (fig 比喻) After years of hard work and poverty, he finally snapped, ie had a nervous breakdown, fell ill, etc. 他多年劳累和贫困终因体力不支而病倒. 2 [La, Ip, Tn, Tn.p, Cn.a] open or close (sth) with a sudden sharp noise; (cause sth to) make a sudden sharp noise 打开或关闭（某物）并突然发出尖利声音; （使某物）突然发出尖利声音: * The box snapped open. 箱子啪的一声打开了. * The circus manager snapped his whip. 马戏团主管把鞭子抽得很响. * He snapped down the lid of the box. 他砰的一声把箱子盖合上了. * She snapped her bag shut. 她喀哒一声把提包关上了. * The shark snapped its jaws shut. 鲨鱼啪嗒一声把嘴合上了. 3 [I, Tn] speak or say (sth) in a sharp (usu angry) voice 厉声说（话）（通常指生气时）: * `Come here at once,’ she snapped. 她高声喊道: * ‘快过来!’ * He never speaks calmly just snaps all the time. 他从来不心平气和地说话--总是高声喊叫. 4 [Tn] (infml 口) take a quick photograph of (sb) （很快地）给（某人）拍照: * I snapped you sunbathing on the beach. 我给你拍了一张海滩日光浴的照片. 5 (idm 习语) bite/snap sb's head off => head1. snap one's `fingers make a clicking noise by moving the second or third finger quickly against the thumb (eg to attract sb's attention, mark the beat of music, etc) 打榧子（用食指或中指捻碰拇指发声, 如为引人注意或打音乐拍子等）: * He snapped his fingers to attract the waiter. 他打了个榧子招呼服务员. ,snap to at`tention come quickly and smartly to the position of attention(4) 利落地立正. ,snap `to it snap1 /// * `I want those bricks moved; come on, snap to it!’ ‘那些砖得搬走; 来呀, 快!’ ,snap `out of it (infml 口) (often as a command 常作命令语) get (quickly) out of a (usu bad, unhappy, etc) mood （迅速）摆脱某种（通常指坏的、 不愉快的...）情绪. 6 (phr v) snap at sb speak to sb sharply and rudely 厉声对某人说: * `Shut up!’ she snapped (back) at him. ‘住嘴!’她厉声顶（回）了他一句. * I'm sorry I snapped at you just now. 对不起, 我刚才不该对你嚷嚷. snap at sth try to grasp sth with the teeth by closing them quickly and sharply around it 一下子咬住: * The fish snapped at the bait. 那鱼一下子咬住了鱼饵. * (fig 比喻) They snapped at (ie accepted eagerly) the chance of a cheap holiday. 他们欣然抓住这一少花钱度假的机会. snap sth out exclaim sth in a sharp or unpleasant way 厉声喊出: * The sergeant snapped out an order. 中士大声发出命令. snap sth up buy or seize sth quickly and eagerly 抢购或迅速抓取某物: * The cheapest articles at the sale were quickly snapped up. 大减价货物中最便宜的物品很快抢购一空.

snapdragon
[5snApdrAgEn; 5snAp7drAgEn] n = antirrhinum.

snapper
[5snApE(r); 5snApl] n type of large fish that lives in warm seas and is eaten as food 啮鱼（产於热带海区的大型食用鱼）.

snare
[sneE(r); sner] n 1 trap for catching small animals and birds, esp one with a noose made of rope or wire 罗网, 陷阱（用於捕捉小野兽及鸟类, 尤指有套索的）: * The rabbit's foot was caught in a snare. 套索把兔子的脚套住了. 2 (fml 文) thing likely to trap or injure sb （易使人上当或受害的）圈套: * All his promises were snares and delusions. 他的许诺都是圈套和骗局. 3 (music 音) string of gut stretched underneath a side-drum to produce a sharp rattling sound （ 在小鼓下面的）响弦. 派生： snare v [Tn] catch (sth) in a snare(1) or as if in a snare （似）用罗网或陷阱捕捉（某物）: snare a rabbit 设陷阱捕捉兔子 * (fig 比喻) snare a rich husband 设圈套嫁给富人.

snarl
1[sna:l; snarl] v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (at sb/sth) (of dogs, etc) show the teeth and growl angrily （指狗等）露出牙齿低声怒吠或吼: * The dog snarled at the milkman. 那条狗对着送牛奶的人低声吠叫. * The tiger snarled frighteningly. 老虎发出可怕的吼声. 2 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (at sb) (of people) speak in an angry bad-tempered voice （指人）咆哮, 厉声喊叫: * `Get out of here,’ he snarled (at us). ‘滚开,’他（对我们）厉声嚷道. * an unpleasant man who snarled abuse at strangers 大骂陌生人的讨厌的男子. 派生： snarl n (usu sing 通常作单数) act or sound of snarling 怒吼（声）; 咆哮（声）: the sudden snarl of the dog 那狗突然发出的吠叫声 * answer with an angry snarl 怒气冲冲地回答.

snatch
[snAtF; snAtF] v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (try to) seize (sth/sb) quickly and sometimes rudely; grab （设法）迅速地或粗鲁地抓住（某物[某人]）; 抢: * It's rude to snatch. 你争我夺是粗鲁的行为. * She snatched the letter from me/out of my hand. 她从我这里[从我手中]把信抢走了. * The baby had been snatched from its pram. 那婴儿被人从婴儿车中劫走了. * He snatched up his gun and fired. 他迅速拿起枪来射出. 2 [Tn] take or get (sth) quickly, esp when a chance to do so occurs 迅速抓住（某物）（尤指机会）: * snatch an hour's sleep 偷空儿睡一小时觉 * snatch a meal between jobs 趁工作间歇时吃饭. 派生： (phr v) snatch at sth 1 try to grasp sth 设法抓住某物: He snatched at the ball but did not catch it. 他想抓那个球但没抓住. 2 (fig 比喻) grasp sth eagerly and quickly 迫切而迅速地抓住某事物: snatch at every opportunity 抓住任何机会. snatch n 1 [sing] sudden attempt to seize (sth) quickly 抓; 抢; 夺: make a snatch at sth 抢夺某物. 2 [C esp pl 尤作复数] short part or period; brief extract 片刻; 片段: work in snatches, ie not continuously 断断续续地工作 * short snatches of song 歌的片段 * overhear snatches of conversation 偶尔听到谈话的只言片语. snatcher n (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) person who snatches (and takes away) 抢夺的人: a baby snatcher 抢夺婴儿的人 * a bag snatcher 抢提包的人.

snazzy
[5snAzi; 5snAzi] adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) (esp of clothes) smart and stylish （尤指衣物）帅气的, 漂亮的, 时髦的: * a snazzy little hat 漂亮的小帽子 * a very snazzy new car 很漂亮的新汽车 * She's a very snazzy dresser, ie She always dresses fashionably. 她衣着总是很时髦. > snazzily adv: * dress snazzily 衣着入时. snazziness n [U].

sneak
[sni:k; snik] v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (on sb) (to sb) (Brit infml derog 口, 贬) (used esp by children 尤为儿童用语) tell an adult about the faults, wrongdoings, etc of another child 告状; 打小报告: * She sneaked on her best friend to the teacher. 她向老师告了她最好的朋友一状. 2 [Tn] (infml 口) take (sth) secretly (often without permission) 偷偷地做（某事）或取（某物）（常指未获许可）: * sneak a chocolate from the box 从盒子里偷拿一块巧克力 * sneak a look at the Christmas presents 朝圣诞礼物偷看一眼. 3 (phr v) sneak into, out of, past, etc sth; sneak in, out, away, back, past, etc go quietly and secretly in the direction specified 悄悄地走（向某处）; 溜: * He stole the money and sneaked out of the house. 他偷了钱後从房子里溜了出去. * The cat ate the food and sneaked off. 猫吃完食物就偷偷跑了. sneak up (on sb/sth) approach quietly, staying out of sight until the last moment 悄悄接近然後突然出现: * James loves sneaking up on his sister to frighten her. 詹姆斯喜欢溜到妹妹身後吓她一大跳. =>Usage at prowl 用法见prowl. 派生： sneak n (infml 口) cowardly deceitful person (esp one who informs on others) 怯懦而惯於欺骗的人（尤指告密者）. sneak adj [attrib 作定语] acting or done without warning; secret and unexpected 出其不意的; 秘密而突如其来的: a sneak attack 偷袭 * a sneak preview 不公开试映 * a sneak look at a letter 偷看信. sneakers n [pl] (US; Brit infml 口) = plimsolls: He wore old jeans and a pair of sneakers. 他穿着旧牛仔裤和胶底运动鞋. sneaking adj [attrib 作定语] (esp of an unwanted feeling) secret and unexpressed （尤指不应有的情感）私下的, 暗地的: have a sneaking respect, sympathy, etc for sb 暗地里敬佩、 同情...某人 * I have a sneaking (ie unproved and vague but possibly right) suspicion that he stole my wallet. 我心想准是他偷了我的钱包.

sneak1
sneaky adj (-ier, -iest) (infml derog 口, 贬) done or acting in a secret or deceptive way 鬼鬼祟祟的; 偷偷摸摸的: sneaky behaviour 鬼鬼祟祟的举动 * This sneaky girl was disliked by the rest of the class. 全班同学都不喜欢这个鬼头鬼脑的女同学. sneakily adv. sneakinessn [U]. 复合： `sneak-thief n person who steals things without using force, eg through open doors and windows 小偷（不使用暴力的, 如经敞着的门窗入室行窃者）.

sneer
[sniE(r); snir] v [I, Ipr] ~ (at sb/sth) smile with the upper lip curled, to show contempt (for sb/sth); laugh scornfully 嗤笑（某人[某事物]）; 嘲笑; 讥笑: * sneer at one's supposed inferiors 嘲笑自以为不如自己的人 * I resent the way he sneers at our efforts. 我们已十分努力而他却讥笑我们, 我很反感. =>Usage at smirk 用法见smirk. 派生： sneer n look, smile, word, phrase, etc that shows contempt 表示轻蔑的表情、 微笑、 词语等: sneers of disbelief 表示不相信的嘲笑 * You can wipe that sneer off your face! 你还是收起你讥笑人的嘴脸吧! sneeringly[5sniEriNli; 5sniriNli] adv.

sneeze
[sni:z; sniz] n sudden uncontrollable noisy outburst of air through the nose and mouth (usu caused by irritation in the nose from dust, etc or when one has a cold) 喷嚏; 嚏喷: * coughs and sneezes 咳嗽和喷嚏 * She let out a loud sneeze. 她打了一个很响的喷嚏. 派生： sneeze v [I] 1 make a sneeze 打喷嚏: With all that dust about, he couldn't stop sneezing. 到处都是灰尘, 他不停地打着喷嚏. * Use a handkerchief when you sneeze. 打喷嚏时, 要用手帕遮住. 2 (idm 习语) not to be `sneezed at (infml esp joc 口, 尤作戏谑语) worth considering or having; not to be despised 值得考虑的; 不可轻视的: A prize of 50 is not to be sneezed at. 50英镑的奖金可不是个小数.

snick
[snik; snik] v [Tn] make a small cut or notch in (sth) 在（某物）上划一道小口子或留下凹痕: * I snicked my finger on the sharp knife. 那把锋利的刀上把我的手指划了道小口子. 派生： snick n small cut or notch 小切口或凹痕: a tiny snick in the dress material 衣料上的一个小口子.

snicker
[5snikE(r); 5snikl] v laugh in a suppressed, esp unpleasant, way; snigger 暗笑; 窃笑: * snickering at obscene pictures 看着春画偷偷地笑. =>Usage at giggle 用法见giggle. 派生： snicker n suppressed, esp unpleasant, laugh; snigger 暗笑; 窃笑.

snide
[snaid; snaid] adj (derog 贬) critical in an indirect unpleasant way; sneering 挖苦的; 嗤笑的; 嘲笑的; 讥笑的: * snide remarks about the chairman's wife 挖苦主席夫人的话 * He's always making snide comments about her appearance. 他总是对她的外表冷嘲热讽. > snidely adv. snideness n [U].

sniff
[snif; snif] v 1 [I] draw air in through the nose so that there is a sound 鼻子吸气发出声音: * sniffing and trying not to weep 抽泣着而忍住不哭出声来 * They all had colds and were sniffing and sneezing. 他们都感冒了, 鼻子吸气有声而且还打喷嚏. 2 (a) [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (at) sth draw air in through the nose as one breathes, esp to discover or enjoy the smell of sth （呼吸时）用鼻吸气（尤指为闻出某气味或因爱闻某气味）: * sniff the sea-air 呼吸海上的空气 * sniff (at) a rose 闻闻玫瑰花香 * The dog was sniffing (at) the lamp-post. 那条狗在灯柱旁嗅来嗅去. (b) [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) draw sth up through the nose 用鼻子吸入某物: * sniff snuff 吸鼻烟 * He sniffed the vapour up (through his nose). 他（用鼻子）吸入蒸气. (c) [Tn] (infml 口) take (a dangerous drug) by breathing it in through the nose 用鼻子吸（毒品）: * sniff glue 吸胶毒. 3 [Tn] say (sth) in a self-pitying, complaining way 自己怜悯自己、 抱怨地说（某事）: * `Nobody understands me,’ he sniffed. ‘谁都不理解我,’他埋怨说. 4 (phr v) sniff at sth ignore or show contempt for sth 嗤之以鼻: * (infml 口) His generous offer is not to be sniffed at, ie should be considered seriously. 他的慷慨厚意不可嗤之以鼻. sniff sb out (infml 口) discover sb; find sb out 发现某人; 找出某人: * sniff out the culprit 发现犯人 * The police were determined to sniff out the ringleaders. 警方决心要找到匪首. 派生： sniff n act or sound of sniffing; breath (of air, etc) 用鼻孔吸气（声）; 呼吸; 嗅; 闻: tearful sniffs 含泪的抽泣 * get a sniff of sea air 呼吸一下海上的空气 * One sniff of this is enough to kill you. 此物闻一闻即足以致命. * `I'm going,’ she said with a sniff. ‘我要走了,’她抽了一下鼻子说.

sniffle
[5snifl; 5snifl] v [I] sniff slightly or repeatedly (esp because one is crying or has a cold) 抽鼻子（轻轻地或频频地发出吸气声, 尤指因哭泣或感冒）: * I wish you wouldn't keep sniffling. 但愿你别总这麽抽鼻子. 派生： sniffle 1 n act or sound of sniffling 抽鼻子（声）. 2 (idm 习语) get/have the `sniffles (infml 口) get/have a slight cold 患轻感冒.

snifter
[5sniftE(r); 5sniftl] n 1 (infml 口) small amount of an alcoholic drink, esp spirits 少量含酒精饮料（尤指烈酒）: * have a quick snifter before the party 在参加聚会前喝一点烈性酒. 2 glass shaped like a small bowl that narrows at the top （小口大肚矮脚的）酒杯: * a snifter of brandy 一杯白兰地酒.

snigger
[5snigE(r); 5snigl] n half-suppressed unpleasantlaugh (esp at sth improper or at another's misfortune) 窃笑, 暗笑（尤指笑某事物不当或他人不幸）: * Her shabby appearance drew sniggers from the guests. 她样子寒酸, 客人不禁暗自发笑. 派生： snigger v [I, Ipr] ~ (at sb/sth) laugh in this way 窃笑; 暗笑: superior people who sniggered at her foreign accent 暗笑她有外国腔调的那些自以为比她强的人. =>Usage at giggle 用法见giggle.

snip
[snip; snip] v (-pp-) 1 [Ipr, Tn] ~ (at) sth cut sth sharply (esp with scissors or shears) in short quick strokes 快速剪某物: * snip (at) a stray lock of hair 剪一绺散开的头发. 2 (phr v) snip sth off remove sth with short quick strokes 快速剪掉某物: * snip off a few loose threads 剪掉几条散开的线头 * snip the corner off the carton of milk 剪掉盛牛奶的纸盒的边角. 派生： snip n 1 cut made by snipping 剪口: There's a snip in this cloth. 这块布有一个剪口. 2 small piece cut off by snipping 剪下的小片: snips of material scattered over the floor 地板上到处都是从料子上剪下的碎片. 3 act of snipping 剪: With a few quick snips of the shears he pruned the bush. 他用大剪刀几下子就把灌木给修剪好了. 4 (Brit infml 口) surprisingly cheap article; bargain 极廉价的物品; 便宜货: It's a snip at only 50p! 才50便士, 真便宜! snipping n small piece of material, etc snipped off alarger piece 从大块材料上剪下的小块材料: a patchworkquilt made of snippings from old clothes 用从旧衣物上剪下的碎料缝成的被子.

snipe
1[snaip; snaip] n (pl unchanged 复数不变) water-bird with a long straight bill that lives in marshes 沙锥（滨鸟, 嘴细长, 生活在沼泽区）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page v.

snippet
[5snipit; 5snipit] n 1 small piece cut off 切下的小块或碎片. 2 ~ (of sth) small piece or item (of information, news, etc); brief extract （消息、 新闻等的）片段; 简短摘录: * snippets of gossip 闲言碎语 * I've got a snippet of information that might interest you. 我刚得到一点消息, 是你可能感兴趣的.

snitch
[snitF; snitF] v (Brit sl 俚) 1 [Tn] steal (sth) by taking it quickly 迅速偷走（某物）: * `Who's snitched my pen?’ ‘一转眼, 谁把我的笔偷走了?’ 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (on sb) inform on sb; sneak 告发某人; 告密: * Promise you won't snitch (on me)? 答应我, 一定不告发我行吗?

snivel
[5snivl; 5snivl] v (-ll-; US also -l-) (derog 贬) [I] (a) cry and sniff in a miserable, usu self-pitying, way 伤心地啼哭和抽泣: * a tired snivelling baby 哭累了的幼儿. (b) complain in a miserable whining way 哭诉: * She's always snivelling about her unhappy childhood. 她总是伤心哭诉自己童年不幸. 派生： snivelling (US also sniveling) adj [attrib 作定语] (derog 贬) tending to whine and complain; weak 爱啼哭抱怨的; 软弱的: He's a snivelling idiot! 他是个爱哭鼻子的傻瓜! sniveller (US sniveler) n (derog 贬) person who snivels 哭泣的人; 哭诉的人.

snob
[snCb; snab] n (derog 贬) (a) person who pays too much respect to social position and wealth, or who despises people of a lower social position 势利小人: * snobs who despised their working-class son-in-law 看不起女婿当工人的很势利的人. (b) person who feels he has superior tastes, knowledge, etc 自以为高雅、 有学问等的人: * an intellectual snob 自以为有学识的人 * a wine snob who will only drink the best wines 自命不凡非上等酒不喝的人. 派生： snobbery[5snCbEri; 5snabEri] n [U] (derog 贬) behaviour, language, etc characteristic of a snob 势利的行为、 语言等: * They considered her behaviour a shameful piece of snobbery. 他们认为她为人势利, 行为可耻. snobbish adj (derog 贬) of or like a snob （似）势利的或自以为高人一等的: a snobbish contempt for the poor 蔑视穷人的势利眼 * a snobbish attitude to pop music认为流行音乐不值一听的态度. snobbishly adv. snobbishness n [U]. 复合： `snob appeal (also `snob value) qualities that appeal to people's snobbishness 对势利眼或自视甚高的人有吸引力的特质: This part of the town has a lot of snob appeal. 该城的这一区很能吸引自视甚高的人. * This car sells well because of its snob value. 这种汽车很 有派头, 因此很畅销.

SNOBOL
(also Snobol)[5snEubCl; 5snobCl] abbr 缩写 = (computing 计) string-oriented symbolic language (a programming language, esp for handling symbols) 面向字符串的符号语言（一种计算机程序设计语言, 尤用於符号处理）.

snog
[snCg; snag] v (-gg-) [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb) (Brit infml 口) kiss and cuddle 亲吻拥抱: * snog in the back row of the cinema 在影院後排座位上拥抱接吻. 派生： snog n [sing] (Brit infml 口) act of snogging 亲吻拥抱: have a bit of a snog 拥抱亲吻一阵. snogging n [U] (Brit infml 口) action of cuddling and kissing 拥抱亲吻.

snook
[snu:k; snuk] n (idm 习语) cock a snook at sb/sth => cock3.

snooker
[5snu:kE(r); 5snukl] n [U] game played with 15 red balls and 7 balls of other colours on a billiard-table 落袋台球（使用15个红色球和7个其他颜色球的游戏）: * [attrib 作定语] a snooker match 落袋台球比赛. => illus 见插图. Cf 参看 pool2 4. 派生： snooker v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] 1 leave (an opponent) in a difficult position when playing snooker （玩落袋台球游戏时）使（对手）处於困境. 2 (infml fig 口, 比喻) place (sb) in a difficult position; trick or defeat (sb) 使（某人）处於困境; 欺骗或击败（某人）: You can't win; you've been completely snookered! 你怎麽做都没用, 你已经完全落入圈套了!

snoop
[snu:p; snup] v (infml usu derog 口, 通常作贬义) 1 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (about/around sth); ~ (about/around) search or investigate (eg to find mistakes, signs that people are breaking rules, etc) in a persistent and secretive way 持续而秘密地寻找或调查（如找出错误、 违章现象等）: * snooping around at night 夜晚四处窥探 * snooping about the school entrance looking for late-comers 在学校入口处窥视迟到的人. 2 [Ipr] ~ into sth try to find out things that do not concern oneself; pry into 打听闲事. 派生： snooper n (usu derog 通常作贬义) person who snoops 窥探者; 打听闲事的人: a government snooper 政府的秘密调查员.

snooty
[5snu:ti; 5snuti] adj (-ier, -iest) (infml derog 口, 贬) showing disapproval and contempt towards others 目中无人的; 妄自尊大的: * a snooty letter refusing the invitation 一封拒绝邀请措词傲慢的信 * She's so snooty; she never speaks to the neighbours. 她很傲慢, 从不与邻居说话. > snootily[-ili; -li] adv. snootiness n [U]. snooze/snu:z; snuz] v [I] (infml 口) take a short sleep (esp during the day); doze 小睡（尤指在白天）; 打盹: * Dad was snoozing by the fire. 爸爸正在炉火旁打盹. 派生： snooze n [sing] (infml 口) a short sleep; nap 小睡; 午睡: I'm going to have a snooze after lunch. 我午饭後要睡个午觉.

snore
[snC:(r); snCr] v [I, Ip] breathe roughly and noisily while sleeping 打鼾; 打呼噜: * snoring noisily with his mouth open （他）张着嘴大声打鼾 * Does my snoring bother you? 我打呼噜影响你吗? 派生： snore n act or sound of snoring 打鼾（声）; 打呼噜（声）: Loud snores from the other room kept her awake. 那边房间有人打鼾声音很大她无法入睡. snorer[5snC:rE(r); 5snCrl] n person who snores habitually经常打鼾的人.

snorkel
[5snC:kl; 5snCrkl] n 1 tube that allows a swimmer to take in air while under water 潜水通气管（潜水人用的）. 2 device that allows a submarine to take in air while under water （潜水艇的）通气管. 派生： snorkel v [I] (-ll-; US -l-) swim with a snorkel 戴潜水通气管潜泳. snorkelling (US -keling)[5snC:kEliN; 5snCrkEliN] n [U] action or sport of swimming with a snorkel 戴潜水通气管潜泳（运动）.

snort
[snC:t; snCrt] v 1 [I] (usu of animals, esp horses) force air out through the nostrils with a loud noise （通常指动物, 尤指马）喷鼻息作声, 打响鼻. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (at sb/sth) (of people) do this to show impatience, contempt, disgust, amusement, etc （指人）发哼声（喷鼻息表示不耐烦、 蔑视、 厌恶、 欢娱等）: * snort with rage (at sb/sth) （对某人[某事物]）愤怒地哼了一声 * snort with mirth at the suggestion 对该建议高兴地哼了一声. 3 (sl 俚) sniff (drugs) 从鼻孔吸入（毒品）: * snort cocaine 从鼻孔吸入可卡因. 派生： snort n 1 act or sound of snorting 喷鼻息; 打响鼻; 发哼声; （从鼻孔）吸毒: give a snort of contempt 轻蔑地哼了一声 * She could not conceal a snort of laughter. 她忍不住扑哧一笑. 2 (infml 口) small drink of alcohol swallowed in one gulp （供一口喝下的）一小杯酒. 3 (sl 俚) small amount of a drug that is sniffed （用鼻孔吸入的）少量毒品: a quick snort of cocaine 用鼻孔匆匆吸些可卡因. snorter n (esp sing 尤作单数) (infml 口) thing that is remarkably impressive, violent, difficult, etc 极感人、 激烈、 困难...的事物: She sent me a real snorter of a letter. 她给我寄来一封异乎寻常的信.

snot
[snCt; snat] n [U] (infml 口) mucus of the nose 鼻涕: * snot running down the child's nose 从这孩子的鼻子里流出的鼻涕. 派生： snotty adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) 1 running with or covered with snot 流着鼻涕的; 沾满鼻涕的: a child with a snotty nose 流着鼻涕的小孩 * washing his snotty handkerchiefs 洗着他的满是鼻涕的手帕. 2 (also ,snotty-`nosed) (derog 贬) superior; snooty 高傲的; 目中无人的: He's such a ,snotty-nosed little `wimp. 他是个高傲而懦弱的人.

snout
[snaut; snaut] n 1 [C] projecting nose and mouth of an animal (esp a pig) 动物突出的口鼻部（尤指猪的）: * a sow with her snout in a trough of food 用鼻子拱饲料槽中食物的大母猪. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page iii. =>illus at pig 见pig插图. 2 [C] projecting front part of sth thought to resemble a snout 猪鼻状突出物: * the ugly snout of a revolver 左轮手枪难看的枪管. 3 [C] (Brit sl derog 俚, 贬) person's nose （人的）鼻子: * a huge red snout 大红鼻子 * She's always poking her snout into everything, ie interfering. 她总爱多管闲事. 4 [C] (Brit sl 俚) police informer 向警方告密者. 5 [U] (Brit sl 俚) tobacco 烟草; 烟叶: * Got any snout? 有烟叶吗?

snow
1[snEu; sno] n 1 [U] frozen water vapour that falls to the ground from the sky in soft white flakes; mass of such flakes on the ground, etc 雪; 雪花; 雪片; 积雪: * a heavy fall of snow 下大雪 * roads deep in snow 积雪很深的道路 * Children were playing in the snow. 孩子们在雪中玩耍. 2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] (fml 文) fall of snow 下雪; 降雪: * The snows came early that year. 那年雪下得很早. 3 [U] (sl 俚) powdered cocaine （粉状的）可卡因. 4 (idm 习语) pure as the driven snow => pure. white as snow => white1. 复合： `snowball n mass of snow pressed into a hard ball for throwing in play 雪球: children throwing snowballs at each other 打雪仗的儿童. v [I] 1 throw snowballs 掷雪球; 打雪仗: children snowballing in the park 在公园打雪仗的儿童. 2 (fig 比喻) grow quickly in size, importance, etc （体积、 重要性等）（像滚雪球般）迅速增大: Opposition to the war snowballed. 反战情绪急速增长. `snow-blind adj [usu pred 通常作表语] (temporarily) unable to see because the eyes are dazzled by the glare of the sun on snow 雪盲（眼睛受雪地反射的阳光刺激而暂时失明）. `snow-blindness n [U]: skiers suffering from snow-blindness 患雪盲的滑雪人. `snow-blower n (esp US) machine for blowing snow from roads, pathways, etc 吹雪机（用鼓风法清除路面积雪的机器）. `snow-bound adj unable to travel, go out, etc because of heavy falls of snow 受大雪困住的; 被大雪封闭的: a snow-bound train 被大雪阻住的火车 * We were snow-bound in the cottage for two weeks. 我们让大雪困在村舍里两个星期. `snow-capped adj (rhet 修辞) (of mountains, etc) with the peak covered in snow （指山等）顶部有积雪的. `snow-covered (also rhet 修辞 `snow-clad) adj covered with snow 被雪覆盖的: snow-covered roofs 有雪的屋顶 * snow-clad fir trees 有积雪的枞树. `snow-drift n deep bank of snow heaped up by the wind （风刮成的）雪堆: The train ran into a snow-drift. 火车碰上了雪堆.

snow1
`snowdrop n type of small white flower growing from a bulb at the end of winter or early spring 雪花莲（冬末或初春时开小白花）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page ii. `snowfall n 1 [C] fall of snow on one occasion （一次的）降雪: There was a heavy snowfall last week. 上星期下了一场大雪. 2 [U] amount of snow that falls in a period of time (eg one winter or one year) in a certain place 某地一段时期（如一冬或一年）的降雪量: The average snowfall here is 10cm a year. 这里年平均降雪量为10厘米. `snow-field n permanent wide expanse of snow, eg on high mountains 雪原（终年积雪的大片地区, 如高山上）. `snowflake n any one of the soft small collections of ice crystals that fall as snow 雪花; 雪片: snowflakes melting as they reached the ground 落地融化的雪花. `snow-goose n large white goose with black wing tips that lives in arctic areas 雪雁（体羽纯白, 翅尖黑色, 产於北极）. `snow job (infml 口 esp US) attempt at deception or persuasion by elaborate, often insincere, talk 花言巧语的欺骗或劝说: They're claiming that he's not guilty but that's just a snow job. 他们声称他无罪, 那只不过是遮人耳目而已. `snow-leopard n type of large wild cat of the mountainous areas of central Asia, with pale brown or grey fur and black markings 雪豹（产於亚洲中部山区, 毛呈浅褐色或灰色, 有黑色斑纹）. `snow-line n level (in feet or metres) above which snow lies permanently at any one place 雪线（终年积雪的下界线, 用英尺或公尺丈量）: climb above the snow-line 攀越雪线. `snowman[-mn; -7mAn] n (pl -men[-men; -men] ) figure of a man made of snow, esp by children for fun 雪人（尤指儿童用雪堆成的）. `snow-plough (US `snow-plow) n device or vehicle for clearing snow from roads, railways, etc 雪睱, 除雪机（用以清除公路、 铁路等的积雪的）. `snow-shed n (esp US) shelter with a long roof over a stretch of road or railway to prevent it being blocked by falling or sliding snow 防雪棚（防止因降雪或雪崩堵塞公路或铁路的建 ）.

snow2
`snow-shoe n device with a frame and leather straps, attached to the bottom of a shoe to allow a person to walk on deep snow without sinking in 雪鞋（以革条穿在木框上制成, 装在鞋底上, 可在深雪处行走）. `snowstorm n heavy fall of snow, esp with a strong wind 暴风雪; 雪暴. ,snow-`white adj pure bright white in colour 雪白的; 纯白色的: ,snow-white `shirts 雪白的衬衫.

Snr
abbr 缩写 = Sen 3.

snub
1[snQb; snQb] v (-bb-) [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] treat (sb) coldly, rudely or with contempt, esp by paying no attention (to him) 冷落, 怠慢, （尤指）不理睬（某人）: * She was repeatedly snubbed by her neighbours. 她多次遭到邻居的冷遇. * She snubbed them by not replying to their invitation. 她没答覆他们的邀请藉此冷落他们. 派生： snub n snubbing words or behaviour 冷落、 怠慢的言辞或行为: suffer a snub 受到冷遇 * hurt by the snubs of the other children 受其他儿童冷落而伤心.

snuff
1[snQf; snQf] n [U] powdered tobacco taken into the nose by sniffing 鼻烟（粉末状烟叶, 用鼻孔吸入）: * take a pinch of snuff 吸一捏鼻烟. 复合： `snuff-box n small, usu decorative, box for holding snuff 鼻烟盒（通常为有装饰的）: She collects snuff-boxes. 她收集鼻烟盒.

snuffle
[5snQfl; 5snQfl] v [I, Ip] (a) make sniffing noises 用鼻子吸气发出声音; 抽鼻子: * The dog was snuffling around the roots of a tree. 那条狗在树根处嗅来嗅去. (b) breathe noisily (as when the nose is partly blocked with catarrh) 呼吸发出声音（如因黏膜发炎）: * a child snuffling with a bad cold 因患重感冒鼻子呼呼有声的小孩. 派生： snuffle n act or sound of snuffling 抽鼻子（声）; （鼻腔受阻的）呼吸（声）: speak in/with a snuffle, ie with a blocked nose 抽着鼻子说话.

snug
[snQg; snQg] adj (-gg-) 1 sheltered from cold, wind, etc; warm and comfortable; cosy 不受风寒侵袭的; 温暖而舒适的: * a snug little house 温暖舒适的房子 * snug in bed 在床上舒舒服服 * The children are wrapped up snug by the fire. 孩子们穿得暖暖和和的围在炉火旁. 2 (of clothes) fitting (too) tightly or closely （指衣服）（过於）贴身的, 紧身的: * a snug-fitting coat 紧而合身的大衣 * This jacket's a bit snug now. 这件外衣有点瘦了. 3 (infml 口) enough to be comfortable 够舒适的: * a snug little income 足够过舒适生活的收入. 4 (idm 习语) (as) snug as a bug in a rug (joc infml 谑, 口) very snug and cosy 非常舒适; 十分安逸. 派生： snug n (Brit) small warm room, esp in a pub, with seats for only a few people （只有少数座位的）温暖的小房间（尤指酒店的）. snugly adv 1 warmly and comfortably 温暖而舒适地: They were curled up snugly in bed. 他们舒适地在床上蜷着. 2 tidily and tightly 整齐而紧密地: He fitted the map snugly into the bag. 他把地图整齐地塞进包里. snugness n [U].

snuggle
[5snQgl; 5snQgl] v [I, Ip] ~ (up to sb); ~ (up/down) lie or get close (to sb) for warmth, comfort or affection 依偎, 挨近（某人）或蜷缩着以获得温暖、 舒适或疼爱: * The child snuggled up to her mother. 那孩子紧贴在母亲身边. * They snuggled up (together) in bed. 他们依偎着躺在床上. * She snuggled down in bed. 她蜷缩着躺在床上.

so
so

so1
* Write on the form that you stayed so many nights at so much per night. 把你住了几个晚上、 每晚多少钱, 填在这个表上. ,so much `sth a great deal of (nonsense, etc) 大量的（废话等）: His promises were just so much meaningless talk. 他许诺的都是空话. ,so much for `sb/`sth nothing further need be said or done about sb/sth 关於某人[某事物]要说的或要做的只有这些: So much for our hopes of going abroad we can forget it. 我们出国的希望告一段落--不必再提了. ,so much `so that (/TEt; TEt/) to such an extent that 到这种程度以致: We are very busy so much so that we can't manage to take a holiday this year. 我们很忙--忙得今年都没办法度假了. with not/without so much as sth with not even sth 甚至连某事物都没有: Off he went, without so much as a `goodbye'. 他走了, 甚至连‘再见’都没说.

soak
[sEuk; sok] v 1 (a) [I, Ipr] ~ (in sth) become thoroughly wet by being in liquid or by absorbing liquid 浸; 泡; 湿透: * The dirty clothes are soaking in soapy water. 脏衣服都在肥皂水里泡着呢. * Leave the dried beans to soak overnight. 把这些乾豆子泡一夜. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in sth) cause sth to absorb as much liquid as possible 使某物尽量吸收液体; 使浸透: * soak bread in milk 把面包泡在牛奶里 * He soaked his stained shirt in hot water. 他把脏衬衫浸在热水里了. * (fig 比喻) He soaked himself in (ie allowed himself to absorb) the atmosphere of the place. 他尽情沉浸在这种环境的气氛之中. 2 [Ipr, Ip] ~ into/through sth; ~ in enter (and pass through) sth; penetrate 进入（并穿过）某物; 渗透: * The rain had soaked through his coat. 雨把他的大衣淋透了. * Clean up that wine before it soaks in(to the carpet). 趁那酒还没渗进（地毯里）去, 快把它擦乾净. 3 [Tn] (infml 口) extract money from (sb) by charging or taxing very heavily 向（某人） 取金钱或徵收重税: * Are you in favour of soaking the rich? 你赞成向富人多徵税吗? 4 (idm 习语) soaked/wet to the skin => skin. 5 (phr v) soak sth off/out remove sth by soaking in water 浸泡以除去某物: * soak out a stain from a shirt 浸掉衬衫上的污迹 * Soak a label off a jam jar. 把果酱罐上的标签泡下去. soak sb through make a person and his clothes completely wet 使某人全身湿透: * Don't stand out there: * you'll get soaked through. 你别站在外边, 要不全身都要湿透了. soak sth up (a) take in (liquid); absorb sth 吸入（液体）; 吸收某物: * Use a paper towel to soak up the cooking oil. 用纸巾把食油吸乾. (b) receive and absorb sth 接受并吸收某事物: * soaking up the sunshine 晒太阳 * soaking up the atmosphere of the Spanish villages 沉浸在西班牙乡村的空气中 * That child soaks up new facts like a sponge! 那孩子吸收新知识像海绵似的!

soak1
派生： soak (also soaking) n 1 act of soaking 浸; 泡; 湿透: Give the sheets a good soak. 把床单好好泡一泡. 2 (infml 口) habitual drinker; alcoholic 酒徒; 酒鬼: He's a dreadful old soak. 他可真是大酒鬼. soaked/sEukt; sokt] adj [pred 作表语] 1 completely wet 湿透: * You're soaked! 你全都湿透了! 2 ~ in sth (fig 比喻) full of sth; steeped in sth 充满某事物; 沉浸於某事物之中: * This house is soaked in memories. 这所房子经历了许多可纪念的事情. soaking/sEukiN; sokiN] adj (also ,soaking `wet) very wet 极湿的: * a soaking wet coat 很湿的大衣.

soap
[sEup; sop] n [U] 1 substance used for washing and cleaning, made of fat or oil combined with an alkali 肥皂: * a bar of soap 一条肥皂 * There's no soap in the bathroom! 浴室里没有肥皂! * Use plenty of soap and water. 多用些肥皂和水. 2 [C] (infml 口) = soap opera: * Do you watch any of the soaps on TV? 你看电视连续剧吗? 派生： soap v [Tn, Tn.p] apply soap to (sb/sth); rub with soap 将肥皂涂在（某人[某物]）上; 用肥皂擦: soap oneself down 在身上打些肥皂 * soap the car and then rinse it 先在汽车上抹些肥皂再清洗. soapy adj (-ier, -iest) 1 (a) of or like soap （似）肥皂的: This bread has a soapy taste. 这面包有肥皂味. (b) full of soap 有肥皂的: soapy water 肥皂水. 2 (infml derog 口, 贬) too anxious to please; ingratiating 很想讨好的; 谄媚的: a soapy voice, manner, style 很想讨好人的语调、 态度、 作风. soapiness n [U]. 复合： `soap-box n improvised stand for a speaker (in a street, park, etc) （街头、 公园等处的）临时讲演台: [attrib 作定语] soap-box oratory 街头演说 * (fig 比喻) He gets on his soap-box at the first opportunity, ie He is always ready to talk at length. 他一有机会就长篇大论讲个没完. `soap-bubble n ball of air surrounded by a film of soap that changes colour and bursts easily 肥皂泡: children blowing soap-bubbles 吹肥皂泡的儿童. `soap-flakes n [pl] thin flakes of soap, sold in a packet and used for washing clothes, etc 皂片: use soap-flakes rather than a powder detergent 用皂片而不用洗涤粉. `soap opera (also soap) (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) radio or TV serial drama dealing with the events and problems of the characters' daily lives, often in a sentimental way （电台或电视）连续剧: a TV diet of soap opera 冗长而乏味的电视连续剧. `soap powder powder made from soap and additives, used for washing clothes 肥皂粉.

soap1
`soapstone n [U] type of soft stone that feels like soap, used for making ornaments, etc 皂石（一种质软岩石, 具有肥皂感, 用以制造装饰品等）: [attrib 作定语] a soapstone statue 皂石雕像. `soapsuds n [pl] frothy lather of soap and water 肥皂泡沫: He was up to his elbows in soapsuds, washing his shirts. 他洗衬衫时, 连胳膊肘都弄上了肥皂泡沫.

soar
[sC:(r); sCr] v [I, Ipr] 1 (a) go up high in the air quickly 急速升入高空: * The jet soared into the air. 那架喷气式飞机飞上了天空. * (fig 比喻) Prices are soaring, ierising rapidly. 物价飞涨. * (fig 比喻) soaring temperatures,ie rapidly getting very hot 迅速增高的温度. (b) be very high or tall 高耸; 矗立: * cliffs soaring above the sea 矗立在海上的峭壁 * Skyscrapers soar above the horizon. 摩天大楼拔地而起高耸入云. 2 hover in the air without moving the wings or using the engine; glide Λ翔; 滑翔: * seagulls soaring over the cliffs Λ翔於悬崖峭壁之上的海鸥 * a glider soaring above us 从我们头顶飞过的滑翔机.

sob
[sCb; sab] v (-bb-) 1 [I, Ipr] draw in breath noisily and irregularly from sorrow, pain, etc, esp while crying 啜泣; 抽噎: * We could hear the child sobbing in the other room. 我们听到那间屋子里的小孩在抽抽搭搭地哭着. * She sobbed into her handkerchief. 她用手绢掩面啜泣. =>Usage at cry1 用法见cry1. 2 (idm 习语) cry/sob oneself to sleep => sleep1. sob one's `heart out cry bitterly with great emotion 哭得极伤心. 3 (phr v) sob sth out tell sth while sobbing 抽噎地说; 哭诉: * She sobbed out the story of her son's violent death. 她哭着诉说儿子横死的经过. 派生： sob n act or sound of sobbing 啜泣（声）; 抽噎（声）: The child's sobs gradually died down. 那孩子的啜泣声渐渐静了下来. sobbingly adv. 复合： `sob-story n (infml usu derog 口, 通常作贬义) story intended to arouse sympathy or sadness in the listener or reader 伤感的故事: He told me a real sob-story of how his wife had gone off with his best friend. 他告诉我他的妻子与他最好的朋友私奔这件伤心事. `sob-stuff n [U] (infml often derog 口, 常作贬义) sentimental writing or talking intended to arouse sympathy and sadness 伤感的文章; 伤心话: The idea of all that sob-stuff was to get me to lend her money. 她说那番伤心话的意思是为了让我借给她钱.

sober
[5sEubE(r); 5sobl] adj 1 with one's actions and thoughts not affected by alcohol 未醉的: * Does he ever go to bed sober? 他有过不醉着就寝的时候吗? * He drinks a lot but always seems sober. 他喝酒喝得很多但好像总是很清醒. 2 serious and thoughtful; solemn 认真的; 审慎的; 郑重的: * a very sober and hard-working young man 认真而勤奋的年轻人 * make a sober estimate of what is possible 审慎地估计可能发生的情况 * a sober analysis of the facts 对事实的仔细分析 * in sober truth, ie in fact, contrasted with what is imagined or hoped for 在客观事实上（与想像的或希望出现的情况相对）. 3 (of colour) not bright; dull （指颜色）不鲜艳的, 暗淡的: * a sober grey suit 一套暗灰色的西服. 4 (idm 习语) (as) sober as a judge (a) not at all drunk 一点都不醉的. (b) very serious and solemn 极认真郑重的. 派生： sober v 1 [I, Tn] (cause sb to) become serious and thoughtful （使某人）认真而审慎: The bad news had a sobering effect on all of us. 对我们大家来说, 这个坏消息是发人深省的. 2 (phr v) sober (sb) down (cause sb to) become calm and serious (esp after a period of irresponsible or frivolous behaviour) （使某人）冷静而严肃认真（尤指有马大哈之类举动之後）: Please sober down a bit; I've got some important news for you. 请严肃点, 我有重要消息要告诉你们. sober (sb) up (cause sb to) become sober （使某人）醒酒或清醒: Put him to bed until he sobers up. 把他放到床上去等他醒醒酒. * Give her some black coffee that'll help to sober her up. 给她一些清咖啡--让她清醒清醒. soberly adv: soberly dressed 穿得很素淡. 复合： ,sober-`minded adj serious and thoughtful 认真而审慎的.

sobriety
[sE'braiEti; sE'braiEti] n [U] quality or state of being sober(2) 认真; 审慎; 郑重: * a conscientious man noted for his sobriety 以认真审慎着称的男子.

Soc
abbr 缩写 = 1 Socialist. 2 Society: Amateur Drama Soc 业馀剧团.

soccer
[5sCkE(r); 5sakl] n [U] (in Britain now used mainly in newspapers and on radio and TV; in US the usual word 在英国现主要用於报纸、 电台与电视广播上; 在美国则为常用词) = association football (association): * [attrib 作定语] measures to curb soccer violence 防止足球赛引起的暴力事件的措施 * soccer hooligans, ie football supporters who cause trouble before, after or during a match 足球迷小流氓.

sociable
[5sEuFEbl; 5soFEbl] adj fond of the company of other people; friendly 好交际的; 友好的; 合群的: * He has never really been the sociable type. 他从不好交际.* I'm not in a sociable mood. 我没兴致与人交往. >sociability[7sEuFE'bilEti; 7soFE'bilEti] n [U]. sociably[-EblI; -EblI/ adv.

social
[5sEuFl; 5soFEl] adj 1 [esp attrib 尤作定语] concerning the organization of and relations between people and communities 社会的: * social problems 社会问题 * social customs, welfare, reforms 社会习俗、 福利、改革. 2 [attrib 作定语] of or in society; of or concerningrank and position within society 社会上的; 社会阶层的; 社会地位的: * one's social equals, ie people of the same class as oneself in society 与自己社会地位相同的人 * social advancement, ie improvement of one's position in society 社会地位的提高 * (derog 贬) a social climber, ie sb who constantly strives to improve his social position 在社会地位上向上爬的人. 3 [attrib 作定语] (of animals, etc) living in groups, not separately （指动物等）群居的: * Most bees and wasps are social insects. 大多数蜜蜂和黄蜂都是群居昆虫. * Man is a social animal. 人是群居的动物. 4 of or designed for companionship and recreation 社交的; 交谊的; 联谊的; 联欢的: * a social club 联谊会 * a social evening 联欢晚会 * a busy social life 繁忙的社交生活. 5 sociable 好交际的; 友好的; 合群的: * (infml 口) He's not a very social person. 他不很合群. 派生： social (US also sociable[5sEuFEbl; 5soFEbl] ) n informal meeting or party organized by a group or club 社交聚会; 联欢会: * a church social 教友联谊会. socially[-FEli; -FEli] adv: * I know him through work, but not socially. 我是通过工作而不是在社交中认识他的. 复合： the ,Social and ,Liberal `Democrats (abbr 缩写 SLD) former name of the British political party (now called 现称 the Liberal Democrats) formed in 1988 from the merging of the Social Democratic Party and the Liberal Party 社会自由民主党（英国政党, 由社会民主党与自由党於1988年合并成立）. ,social `science (also ,social `studies) group of subjects concerned with people within society and including economics, sociology, politics and geography 社会科学: Social anthropology is one of the social sciences. 社会人类学是社会科学的一门学科.

social1
,social se`curity (Brit) (US welfare) government payments to people who are unemployed, ill, disabled, etc 社会福利: Most of the families in our road are on social security, ie receiving such help. 我们这条街多数家庭都享受社会福利. ,social `services [pl] organized government service providing help and advice (eg in matters of health, housing, mental illness, child care, the law, etc) 社会福利事业（政府提供的援助, 如解决健康、 房屋、 精神疾患、 幼儿看护、 法律等方面的问题）: threatened cuts in social services 提出可能要削减社会福利经费. `social work profession of people who work in the social services 社会福利工作: She wants to do social work when she finishes college. 她打算毕业後从事社会福利工作. `social worker person who works in the social services 社会福利工作者: Social workers claimed the children were being ill-treated. 社会福利工作人员指出那些儿童正受到虐待. * social workers visiting people just out of hospital 正在访问刚出院康复病人的社会福利工作人员.

socialism
[5sEuFElizEm; 5soFEl7izEm] n [U] (a) political and economic theory advocating that a country's land, transport, natural resources and chief industries should be owned and controlled by the whole community or by the State, and that wealth should be equally distributed 社会主义. (b) policy or practice based on this theory 社会主义的方针、 政策或实践: * the struggle to build socialism建设社会主义的斗争 * combine the best features of socialism and capitalism 将社会主义和资本主义最优秀的特点结合起来. Cf 参看 capitalism. 派生： socialist[5sEuFElist; 5soFElist] (a) supporter of socialism 拥护社会主义的人; 社会主义者. (b) member of a socialist party or movement 社会主义政党党员; 社会主义运动的成员. adj characterized by, supporting or relating to socialism 社会主义的; 拥护社会主义的; 有关社会主义的: * a Socialist Party 社会党 * socialist policies 社会主义的政策. socialistic[7sEuFE'listik; 7soFE'listik] adj characterized by or supporting some of the features of socialism 有社会主义特点的; 拥护社会主义主张的: * Some of her views are rather socialistic. 她的观点颇有一些社会主义倾向.

socialite
[5sEuFElait; 5soFE7lait] n (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) person who is prominent in fashionable society, attending many parties, etc 上流社会的名人; 社会名流: * rich socialites moving from one fashionable resort to another 常光顾高级游乐处所的有钱的社会名流.

socialize, socialise
[5sEuFElaiz; 5soFE7laiz] v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb) mix socially (with others) （同他人）来往, 交往, 交际: * an opportunity to socialize with new colleagues 跟新同事交往的机会. 2 [Tn] adapt (sb) to society 使（某人）适应社会生活: * recent immigrants to the country who are not fully socialized 尚未完全适应该国社会生活的新移民. > socialization, -isation[7sEuFElai'zeiFn; - -li'z-; 7soFEli'zeFEn] n [U].

society
[sE'saiEti; sE'saiEti] n 1 [U] system whereby people live together in organized communities; social way of living 社会; 社会体制; 群居: * a danger to society, ie a person, an idea, etc that endangers the welfare of members of a community 社会的祸害 * Society has a right to see law-breakers punished. 社会有权要违法者受到惩罚. 2 [C, U] particular grouping of humanity with shared customs, laws, etc （具有共同的习俗、 法律等的人群组成的）社会, 团体: * modern industrial societies 现代工业社会 * working class society 工人阶级的社会团体 * Islamic society 伊斯兰教团体. 3 [U] (fml 文) company; companionship 相伴; 陪同; 交往: * spend an evening in the society of one's friends 跟朋友聚会过一个晚上 * avoid the society of other people 避免与他人交往. 4 [U] class of people who are fashionable, wealthy, influential or of high rank in a place; the upper class 名人圈子; 上层社会: * high society, ie rich and important people 富贵阶层 * leaders of society 上流社会的顶尖人物 * [attrib 作定语] a society wedding 名人嘉礼 * society news, ie as printed in some newspaper, etc 名流新闻. 5 [C] organization of people formed for a particular purpose; club; association （为某种目的组成的）会, 社, 团体, 协会: * the school debating society 学校辩论协会 * a co-operative society 合作社 * a drama society 戏剧社. 6 (idm 习语) the alternative society => alternative. a mutual admiration society => mutual.

socio-
comb form 构词成分 of society; social 社会的: sociology.

sociology
[7sEusi'ClEdVi; 7sosi'alEdVi] n [U] scientific study of the nature and development of society andsocial behaviour 社会学: * [attrib 作定语] a sociology course社会学课程. Cf 参看 anthropology, ethnology. 派生： sociological[7sEusiE'lCdVikl; 7sosiE'ladVikl] adjof or concerning sociology 社会学的; 关於社会学的: * sociological theories, issues 社会学的理论、 问题. sociologically[-kli; -kli] adv. sociologist[-dVist; -dVist] n student of or expert in sociology 社会学研究者; 社会学家.

sock
1[sCk; sak] n 1 short stocking (usu of wool, nylon or cotton) covering the ankle and lower part of the leg, usu well below the knee 短袜: * a pair of socks 一双短袜. 2 (idm 习语) pull one's `socks up (Brit infml 口) (make an effort to) improve one's performance （努力）改进自己的表现或成绩: * His teachers told him to pull his socks up, or he'd undoubtedly fail his exam. 老师要他加把劲儿, 不然考试准不及格. put a `sock in it (dated Brit infml 旧, 口) be quiet; stop talking or making a noise 安静下来; 不再讲话; 不再弄出响声: * Can't you put a sock in it? I'm trying to work. 别出声了好不好? 我要工作呢.

socket
[5sCkit; 5sakit] n natural or artificial hollow into which sth fits or in which sth turns （天然的或人造的）承物凹座, 窝（用以容纳某物或某物可在其中转动）; 插口; 插座: * the eye socket, ie the hollow in a human or an animal skull for the eye 眼窝 * a socket for an electric light bulb 电灯泡插座. => illus 见插图.

sod
1[sCd; sad] n (fml or rhet 文或修辞) (a) [U] layer of earth with grass growing in it 草地. (b) [C] square or piece of this cut off; turf 草皮: * sods newly placed on a grave 坟上新植的草皮.

soda
[5sEudE; 5sodE] n 1 [U] chemical substance in common use, a compound of sodium 苏打; 碳酸钠: * `washing-soda, ie sodium carbonate, used for softening water, etc 洗涤瞏（用以使水软化等） * `baking soda/bi,carbonate of `soda, ie sodium bicarbonate, used in cooking 小苏打 * caustic soda, ie sodium hydroxide, used in the manufacture of soap 苛性苏打（俗称烧瞏, 用於制皂业）. 2 [U, C] = soda-water: * Add some soda to the whisky, please. 请在威士忌中加点苏打水. * A whisky and soda, please. 请来杯搀苏打水的威士忌. 3 [U, C] (also soda pop) (US infml 口) fizzy drink made with flavoured soda-water （加调味剂的）苏打汽水: * a glass of cherry soda 一杯樱桃苏打汽水 * two lime sodas 两杯酸橙苏打汽水. 4 (also ,ice-cream `soda) (US) drink made from ice-cream, syrup and soda-water 冰激凌苏打冷饮: * three strawberry sodas 叁客草莓冰激凌苏打水. 复合： `soda-fountain n device for supplying soda-water; counter in a shop from which fizzy drinks, ice-cream sodas, etc are served 汽水龙头（供应汽水的装置）; 冷饮部. `soda siphon = siphon. `soda-water n [U, C] water made fizzy by being filled with carbon dioxide under pressure 苏打水; 汽水: I won't have any wine; I'll just have (a) soda water. 我不喝酒, 给我来杯汽水吧.

sodden
[5sCdn; 5sadn] adj 1 soaked through; very wet 浸透的; 湿透的: * My shoes are sodden from walking in the rain. 我在雨里这麽一跑, 鞋全湿了. 2 (in compounds 用以构成复合词): * drink-sodden, ie stupid through drinking too much alcohol 因酗酒而痴呆的.

sodium
[5sEudiEm; 5sodiEm] n [U] chemical element, asilver-white metal that comes naturally only in compounds钠. =>App 10 见附录10. 复合： ,sodium bi`carbonate (also bi,carbonate of `soda, `baking soda) (also infml 口语作 bicarb/ 5baIkB:b; `baI9kBrb/) white soluble compound in the form of crystals, used in fizzy drinks, baking-powder and medicines 碳酸氢钠; 小苏打. ,sodium `carbonate (also `washing soda) white solublecompound in the form of crystals, used in making glass, soap and paper, and to soften water 碳酸钠. ,sodium `chloride common table salt 氯化钠; 食盐. ,sodium hy`droxide (also ,caustic `soda) white corrosive solid used in making paper, aluminium and soap 氢氧化钠; 烧瞏.

sodomy
[5sCdEmi; 5sadEmi] n [U] anal sexual intercoursebetween a man and (esp) another man 鸡奸（尤指男性间的）. 派生： sodomite[5sCdEmait; 5sadEm7ait] n (dated fml 旧, 文) person practising this 鸡奸者.

sofa
[5sEufE; 5sofE] n large comfortable padded seat with raised arms and back, wide enough for two or more people 长沙发（可至少坐二人的）: * He was lying on the sofa watching TV. 他躺在沙发上看电视. * The sofa converts into a bed. 这张沙发可以改成床. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xvi.

soft
[sCft; - sC:ft; sCft] adj (-er, -est) 1 changing shape easily when pressed; not hard or firm to the touch 软的; 柔软的: * soft soil, ground, mud, etc 软土、 软土地面、 软泥 * Warm butter is soft. 温的黄油是软的. * She likes a soft pillow and a hard mattress. 她喜欢软枕头、 硬床垫. Cf 参看 hard1. 2 (of surfaces) smooth and delicate to the touch （指物体的表面）光滑柔软的, 细腻的, 柔嫩的: * as soft as velvet 像丝绒一般柔滑的 * soft skin 细嫩的皮肤 * soft furnishings, ie curtains, hangings, rugs, etc 软家具（ 幕、 悬挂式陈设、 小地毯等） * Our cat has very soft fur. 我们那只猫的毛非常柔滑. 3 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of light, colours, etc) not bright or glaring （指光线、 色彩等）柔和的, 不耀眼的: * a soft pink rather than a harsh red 柔和的粉红色而不是刺眼的大红色 * lampshades that give a soft light 使光线柔和的灯罩 * the soft glow of candlelight 蜡烛发出的柔光. 4 (of outlines) not sharp or clear; indistinct （指轮廓）不清晰的, 模糊的. 5 (of winds, etc) mild and gentle （指风等）温和的, 微的, 细的: * soft summer winds 夏日的轻风 * a soft sea breeze 温和的海风. 6 (of sounds) quiet and subdued; not loud （指声音）轻柔的; 低声的: * soft music 轻柔的乐曲 * in a soft voice 轻声地 * soft whispers 低声细语. 7 (infml 口) (of words, answers, etc) not harsh or angry; gentle; mild （指言语、 回答等）温和的, 柔和的, 不刺耳的: * His reply was soft and calm. 他回答得平和从容. 8 ~ (on sth/with sb) sympathetic and kind, sometimes to too great an extent （有时过分）有同情心的, 心肠软的: * have a soft heart 有一副软心肠 * That teacher is too soft with his class; they're out of his control. 那位教师对学生太软了, 他们都不听他的. 9 (infml derog 口, 贬) weak and childish; lacking in determination, courage, etc 软弱娇气的; 不果断的; 缺乏勇气的:

soft1
* Don't be so soft there's nothing to be afraid of. 别这麽窝囊, 没什麽可怕的嘛. 10 (infml derog 口, 贬) foolish or silly; mad 傻的; 蠢的; 疯狂的: * He's gone soft in the head. 他傻头傻脑的. 11 ~ on/about sb (infml 口) feeling attraction for sb; in love with sb 倾心於某人; 爱上某人. 12 (infml derog 口, 贬) not requiring hard work; without problems 不费力的; 不困难的; 轻松的: * a soft job, ie an easy, well-paid job 轻松而待遇优厚的工作 * He has a very soft life really. 他日子过得实在是很悠闲. 13 (of consonants) not hard; not plosive （指辅音）软的, 不爆发的; （指辅音字母）发软音的: * C is soft in `city' and hard in `cat'. c字母在city一字中发软音而在cat一字中发硬音. * G is soft in `gin' and hard in `get'. g字母在gin一字中发软音而在get一字中发硬音. 14 (of drink) not alcoholic （指饮料）软的（不含酒精的）: * Would you like some wine or something soft? 你是喝葡萄酒呢, 还是来点儿软饮料呢? * I'd prefer a soft drink. 我喜欢喝软饮料. 15 (of water) free from mineral salts and therefore good for washing （指水）软性的（不含矿盐, 适合洗涤用的）: * Don't use much soap powder the water here is very soft. 肥皂粉别用得太多, 这儿的水很软. 16 (idm 习语) an easy/a soft touch => touch2. the hard/soft sell => sell n. have a soft `spot for sb/sth (infml 口) be specially fond of sb/sth 偏爱某人[某事物]: * I've always had a real soft spot for him. 我一向对他挺有好感. 派生： softish adj rather soft 相当软的: softish ice-cream 软软的冰激凌. softly adv in a soft way 柔软地; 轻柔地; 柔和地: speak softly 轻声地说话 * She pressed his hand softly. 她轻轻捏了捏他的手. * softly shining lights 光线柔和的灯 * music softly played 轻轻奏出的乐曲 * treating the children too softly 过分惯着孩子. softness n [U]. softy (also softie)[5sCfti; - 'sC:fti; 5sCftisoft2 /// n (infml 口) (a) (derog 贬) physically weak person 身体虚弱的人: * `You're a bunch of softies!’ the sergeant shouted to the new recruits. 脎你们这帮东西, 弱不禁风!脍中士对新兵嚷道. (b) kind-hearted or (too) sentimental person 好心人;过分心软的人: * He's a real softie at heart. 他真是个好心人. 复合： `softball (esp US) game similar to baseball played on a smaller field with a larger soft ball 垒球（与棒球相似, 但球场较小, 球较大而软）. ,soft-`boiled adj (of eggs) boiled for a short time so that the yolk is still soft （指蛋）煮得半熟的, 煮成溏心儿的. ,soft `currency currency that is not convertible into gold or into certain other currencies which are more in demand 软通货; 软货币. `soft drug drug not likely to cause addiction (eg marijuana) and less dangerous than a hard drug such as heroin 软性毒品（不易使人上瘾且危害性不及海洛因之类的硬性毒品者, 如大麻）. `soft fruit small fruits without stones, such as strawberries and currants 无核小果（如草莓、 加仑子）. ,soft-`hearted adj sympathetic and kind, sometimes to too great an extent 有同情心的, 心肠软的（有时过分）: He's always lending her money; he's too soft-hearted. 他老是把钱借给她, 心肠也太软了. ,soft-`heartedness n [U]. ,soft `landing landing of a spacecraft (eg on the moon) that avoids damage or destruction 软 陆（航天器 陆而不受损, 如 陆於月球时）. ,soft `option (often derog 常作贬义) alternative which is thought to involve less work, inconvenience, etc 避重就轻的选择: Language courses are wrongly thought to be soft options. 人们误以为选修语言课程较轻松. ,soft `palate back part of the roof of the mouth 软颚. ,soft-`pedal v (-ll-; US -l-) [I, Tn] (infml 口) make (an issue, etc) seem less serious or important; play (sth) down 减弱（问题等）的严重性或重要性; 使（某事物）大事化小: The government has been soft-pedalling (on) the question of teachers' pay. 政府一直低调处理教师的工资问题.

soft3
,soft `porn pornography of a less explicit or violent type 软性色情作品（不太露骨的）. Cf 参看 hard porn (hard). ,soft `shoulder (also verge) soft edge at the side of a road that is not suitable for vehicles to drive on （不适宜车辆行驶的）软质路肩. ,soft `soap 1 semi-liquid soap 半液体皂; 软肥皂. 2 (fig 比喻) persuasion by flattery （用奉承话的）劝诱; 灌米汤的做法: I'm tired of his soft soap! 他老是说好话想打动我, 我都听腻了! ,soft-`soap v [Tn] (infml 口) persuade (sb) by flattery 以甜言蜜语打动（某人）; 向（某人）灌米汤: Don't try to soft-soap me; I'm not changing my mind. 别给我灌米汤了, 反正我不改主意. ,soft-`spoken adj having a gentle quiet voice 细声细气的: a ,soft-spoken young `woman 说话斯文的年轻女子. `software n [U] (computing 计) data, programmes, etc not forming part of a computer but used when operating it 软件. Cf 参看 hardware (hard1). `softwood n [C, U] wood from coniferous trees such as pine that is cheap to produce and can be cut easily 软木料, 软材（成本低、 易於切割的针叶木材, 如松木）. Cf 参看 hardwood (hard1).

soften
[5sCfn; - 'sC:fn; 5sCfEn] v [I, Tn] 1 (cause sth to) become soft or softer （使某事物）软化, 变温和, 变柔和, 变软弱: * The butter will soften out of the fridge. 黄油从冰箱中取出会变软. * The lampshade will soften the light. 这个灯罩能使光线柔和一些. 2 (phr v) soften sb up (a) weaken (an enemy's position) by shelling or bombing it heavily 用火力削弱（敌方阵地）. (b) (infml 口) make sb unable or less able to resist an attack or persuasion to buy sth, etc 瓦解或削弱某人的抗拒力（以便进攻或劝其购买某物等）: * Housewives were softened up with free gifts before the salesmen began the hard talking. 推销员先用赠品打动家庭妇女的心, 接着就开始直截了当的兜售了. 派生： softener n [U, C] chemical substance used for softening hard water; device using this 硬水软化剂; 硬水软化器.

soggy
[5sCgi; 5sagi] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 very wet; heavy with water 透湿的: * The ground was soggy after heavy rain. 下了一场大雨, 地面很湿. 2 (usu derog 通常作贬义) moist and unpleasantly heavy 潮湿而沉重的:soggy bread 潮乎乎的面包. > soggily[-ili; -ili] adv. sogginess n [U].

soh
[sEu; so] (also so, sol/sCl; sal] ) n the fifth note in the musical octave 八度音阶中的第五音.

soigne
[5swa:njei; - swa:'njei; 7swa'nje] adj (fem 阴性作 soignee) [usu pred 通常作表语] (French 法) (of a person's way of dressing, etc) carefully and fashionably arranged; elegant （指衣着等）考究入时, 高雅.

soil
[sCil; sCil] n [C, U] 1 upper layer of earth in which plants, trees, etc grow; ground 土壤; 泥土; 土地; 地面: * good, poor, sandy, etc soil 良土、 瘠土、 沙土 * heavy soil 难耕的土地 * clay soil 黏土 * (rhet 修辞) a man of the soil, ie one who works on the land 庄稼人. =>Usage at earth 用法见earth. 2 (fml 文) country; territory 国家; 国土; 领土: * one's native soil 祖国 * born on British soil 在英国出生. 派生： soil v [I, Tn] (fml 文) (cause sth to) become dirty （使某物）变脏: This material soils easily. 这种料子不禁脏. * a basket for soiled sheets, ie used ones that are waiting to be washed 盛放待洗被单的篮子 * He refused to soil his hands, ie refused to do dirty work. 他不愿把手弄脏（即拒绝干脏活）.

soiree
[5swa:rei; - swa:'rei; swa're] n (fml 文) social gathering in the evening, esp for music, conversation, etc and often to help the aims of a club, society, etc 社交晚会（尤指可欣赏音乐者, 常用以推动某俱乐部、 协会等的运作）.

sojourn
[5sCdVEn; - sEu'dVE:rn; so'dVEn] v [I] (fml 文) stay (with sb) in a place for a time 在某处（某人家中）暂住: * He sojourned with a friend in Wales for two weeks. 他在威尔士一个朋友那儿住了两个星期. 派生： sojourn n (fml 文) temporary stay (in a place) （在某处的）临时逗留, 小住: a sojourn of two or three weeks in the mountains 在山里为时两叁个星期的小住.

sol
fa

solace
[5sClis; 5salis] n [C, U] (fml 文) (thing that gives) comfort or relief (from pain, trouble, distress, etc) 安慰; 慰藉; 给予安慰的事物: * The sick man found solace in music. 那男病人从音乐中获得了安慰. * His work has been a real solace to him. 他从工作中得到莫大的慰藉. 派生： solace v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (with sth) (fml 文) give solace to sb 安慰某人: She was distracted with grief and refused to be solaced. 她悲痛得精神恍惚, 怎麽安慰也没用.

solar
[5sEulE(r); 5soll] adj [attrib 作定语] 1 of, concerningor related to the sun 太阳的; 关於太阳的; 与太阳相关的: * solar energy 太阳能 * solar time 太阳时. 2 using the sun's energy 利用太阳能的: * solar heating 太阳能加热 * solar-powered 以太阳能为动力的. 复合： solar `cell device (as used in satellites) that converts the energy of sunlight into electric energy 太阳能电池. solar `plexus[5pleksEs; 5pleksEs] n (a) system of nerves at the back of the stomach 腹腔丛. (b) (infml 口) stomach area below the ribs 上腹部; 胸口; 心口: * a painful punch in the solar plexus 对心口击出的让对方叫痛的一拳. the `solar system the sun and the planets which move around it 太阳系. the solar year the time it takes the earth to go round the sun once, approximately 365 days 太阳年（地球绕太阳旋转一周所需的时间, 约365天）.

solarium
[sEu'leEriEm; so'leriEm] n (pl ~s or, in formal or scientific use, solaria/sEu'leEriE; so'leriE] 复数作solariums, 作庄重语或科技用语时复数作solaria) 1 place enclosed with glass, where sunlight can be enjoyed or used in treating patients 日光浴室; 日光治疗室. 2 bed equipped with special lights used for giving sb an artificial sun-tan or in treating certain medical conditions 日光浴床（设有特殊灯光, 用以晒黑皮肤或治疗某些疾病）: * The new sports centre has saunas and solariums. 新建的运动中心设有蒸汽浴室及日光浴床.

sold
pt, pp of sell.

solder
[5sCldE(r); - 'sCdEr; 5sadl] n [U] soft mixture of metals used, when melted, for joining harder metals, wires, etc together 焊料; 焊锡. 派生： solder v [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (on/onto/to sth); ~ sth (up/on) join or mend sth with solder 用焊料连接或修补某物; 焊接某物: He soldered the wire back on. 他把金属丝重新焊了上去. `soldering-iron n tool used, when heated, to solder things together （焊接用的）烙铁.

soldier
[5sEuldVE(r); 5soldVl] n 1 member (usu male) of an army, esp one who is not an officer 军人（通常指男性）; （尤指）士兵: * two soldiers, a sailor and a civilian 两名士兵、 一名水手和一个平民 * The children were playing at soldiers. 孩子们玩着当军人的游戏. 2 (idm 习 语) a ,soldier of `fortune (dated 旧) person who will serve any country or person who will hire him as a soldier; mercenary 雇 兵（可受雇为任何国家作战的）. 派生： soldier v (phr v) soldier `on continue bravely with one's work, etc despite difficulties （不畏困难）勇往直前地工作等: The walkers soldiered on although the weather was terrible. 尽管天气恶劣, 但竞走运动员还是勇敢地继续前行. soldiering n [U] the life of a soldier 军人生活; 戎马生涯: enjoy soldiering 喜欢部队生活 * peace-time soldiering 和平时期的从军生活. soldierly (also soldier-like) adj like a soldier; with the qualities of a soldier 像军人的; 有军人品质的: a tall, soldierly man 英武的大汉 * a soldierly bearing 军人的风度. soldiery[5sEuldVEri; 5soldVEri] n [pl v] (dated fml 旧, 文) soldiers (of a specified, usu bad, type) as a class or group 军人, 当兵的（总称）（指某类型的, 通常指坏的）: * the undisciplined soldiery 纪律涣散的军队 * brutal soldiery 兽兵.

sole
1[sEul; sol] n (pl unchanged or ~s 复数或不变或作 soles) [C, U] flat sea-fish that is eaten as food 鳎; 鳎目鱼: * sole cooked in white sauce 奶油沙司鳎目鱼 * Would you like some more sole? 再来点鳎目鱼好吗?

solecism
[5sClisizEm; 5salE7sizEm] n (fml 文) 1 mistake in the use of language, esp one that shows sb to be foreign or of low social class 语言错误, 语病（尤指显示某人为外国人或社会阶层低下的）. 2 offence against good manners or etiquette 失礼.

solemn
[5sClEm; 5salEm] adj 1 not happy or smiling; looking very serious 不愉快的; 无笑容的; 表情严肃的: * solemn faces 严肃的面孔 * look as solemn as a judge 像法官一样板着脸. 2 done, said, etc in a serious and committed way, after deep thought 庄重的; 郑重的; 深思熟虑的: * a solemn promise, undertaking, pledge, etc 郑重的许诺、 保证、 誓言等. 3 performed with religious or other ceremony; formal 隆重的; 正式的; 庄严的: * asolemn funeral procession 肃穆的送葬行列. > solemnlyadv: * `I have some distressing news for you,’ he began solemnly. ‘有件伤心事要告诉你,’他郑重其事地说道. solemnness n [U].

solemnity
[sE'lemnEti; sE'lemnEti] n (fml 文) 1 [U] state or quality of being solemn; seriousness 庄严; 严肃: * the solemnity of the occasion, moment, procession 那个场合、 时刻、 行列的庄严肃穆. 2 [U, C esp pl 作不可数名词或可数名词, 後者尤作复数] solemn ceremony 郑重的仪式; 典礼: * The Queen was crowned with all solemnity/with all the proper solemnities. 女王在隆重之至的典礼中加冕.

solemnize, solemnise
[5sClEmnaiz; 5salEm7naiz] v [Tn] (fml 文) perform (a religious ceremony, esp a wedding) 举行（宗教仪式, 尤指婚礼）: * solemnize a marriage in church 在教堂举行婚礼. 派生： solemnization, -isation[7sClEmnai'zeiFn; - -ni'z-;7salEmnE'zeFEn] n [U] (fml 文) action of solemnizing 仪式的举行.

solenoid
[5sEulEnCid; 5solE7nCid] n coil of wire that becomes magnetic when an electrical current is passed through it 螺线管: * [attrib 作定语] a solenoid switch 电磁开关.

solicit
[sE'lisit; sE'lisit] v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sb) (for sth); ~ (sth) (from sb) (fml 文) ask (sb) for (eg money, help, votes) earnestly; try to obtain (sth) 恳求（某人）给予（钱、 帮助等）; 向（某人）拉（选票）; 设法获得（某事物）: * solicit (sb) for money/solicit money (from sb) 向（某人）要钱[（向某人）要钱] * solicit information about the new motorway 探询新的高速公路的情况 * Both candidates solicited my opinion. 两位候选人都来向我徵求意见. 2 [I, Tn] (of a prostitute) make a sexual offer (to sb), esp in a public place （指妓女）拉（客）（尤指在公共场所）: * She was fined for soliciting. 她因拉客而被罚款.

solicitor
[sE'lisitE(r); sE'lisEtl] n 1 (Brit) lawyer who prepares legal documents (eg for the sale of land or buildings), advises clients on legal matters, and speaks for them in the lower courts 事务律师（其职责为处理如房地产买卖等法律文件、 答覆法律询问、 在初级法院出庭辩护等）. Cf 参看 advocate n 2, barrister. 2 (US) law officer of a city, town, etc （城镇等的）法务官. 3 (US) person who solicits trade, support, etc, esp by going from door to door; canvasser (eg for votes) 兜生意者, 游说者（尤指逐门逐户进行的）; 拉选票者. 复合： So,licitor-`General n (pl Solicitors-General) one of the chief law officers in the British Government, advising on legal matters （英国政府的）副检察长. Cf 参看 Attorney-General (attorney).

solicitous
[sE'lisitEs; sE'lisitEs] adj ~ (for/about sth/sb) (fml 文) very concerned and anxious about (sb's welfare, comfort, etc) 为（某人的福利、 安康等）操心的, 焦虑的: * a solicitous husband 对妻子关怀备至的丈夫 * solicitous enquiries about her health 对她健康的关切的询问 * He was very solicitous for her safe return. 他心神不定, 祈望她平安归来. 派生： solicitously adv (fml 文): He always enquires most solicitously about your health. 他总是极为关切地问起你的健康状况. solicitude/sE'lisitju:d; - -tu:d; sE'lisE7tud] n [U] ~ (for/about sth/sb) (fml 文) being solicitous; concern or anxiety 牵挂; 关心; 担心: * my deep solicitude for your welfare 我对您的安康甚为挂念 * the solicitude of a caring husband for his wife 体贴的丈夫对妻子的关怀.

solid
[5sClid; 5salid] adj 1 not in the form of a liquid or gas; keeping its shape; firm 固体的; 保持形状的; 密实的: * solid fuels, eg coal, wood 固体燃料（如煤、 木） * solid food, ie not liquid or slightly liquid 固体食物 * When water freezes it becomes solid and we call it ice. 水遇冷凝结, 称之为冰. * This horse has good solid muscle on him. 这匹马长得很结实. 2 without holes or spaces; not hollow 实心的; 无孔的; 无空隙的: * a solid sphere 实心的球体 * The word `teapot' is a solid compound, ie not hyphenated. teapot是个连写的复合词（即中间无连字符）. * The demonstrators stood in a solid line with linked arms. 示威的人一字排开, 挽着手臂紧挨在一起. 3 (a) [attrib 作定语] of the same substance throughout; containing only one (specified) material 单一物质的; 纯的: * solid gold bath taps 纯金的浴缸龙头 * steps cut in the solid rock 在整块岩石上凿出的台阶 * solid silver cutlery 纯银刀叉餐具. (b) of one (specified) colour only （某种）单一颜色的: * the solid blue sky of the painting 那幅画上的一片蔚蓝的天空. 4 strong and firm in construction; able to support weight or resist pressure; substantial 坚固的; 结实的; 可支撑重物的; 耐压的; 实在的: * solid buildings 坚固的建 物 * solid furniture 结实的家具 * built on solid foundations 在坚实的地基上建造的 * on solid ground 在牢固的基础上. 5 that can be depended on; reputable and reliable 牢靠的; 有信誉的; 可靠的: * solid arguments 有说服力的论点 * a solid business firm, ie one without financial or other problems 实力雄厚的公司 * a woman of solid character 为人可靠 的女子 * a good solid worker 工作出色、 可靠的人. 6 in complete agreement; unanimous 一致的: * The miners were solid on this issue. 矿工们在这件事上是一条心的. * There was a solid vote in favour of the proposal. 提案获全体一致通过.

solid1
7 [attrib or immediately following a n 作定语或用於名词之後] without a break or pause; continuous 无间断的; 连续的: * wait for a solid hour 整整等上一个钟头 * sleep ten solid hours/ten hours solid 一觉睡十个小时. 8 (geometry 几) having length, breadth and thickness; three-dimensional 立体的: * a solid figure, eg a cube 立体图形（如立方体） * solid geometry, ie study of solid, not flat figures 立体几何学. 9 (idm 习语) firm/solid as a rock => rock1. 派生： solid n 1 substance or object that is solid, not a liquid or gas 固体: Cheese is a solid; milk is a liquid. 乾酪是固体, 奶是液体. * The baby is not yet taking solids, ie solid foods. 那婴儿还不能吃固体食物. 2 (geometry 几) figure of three dimensions, having length, breadth and thickness 立体图形: A cube is a solid. 正方体是立体图形. solidity/sE'lidEti; sE'lidEti] (also solidness) n [U] quality or state of being solid 固态; 纯度; 可靠性; 坚固性: * the solidity of a building, argument, metal 建 物的坚固性、 论据的可信性、 金属的纯度. solidly adv 1 firmly and substantially 坚固地; 结实地: solidly-built foundations 打得很坚固的基础 * These cars are solidly constructed. 这些汽车制造得很结实. 2 continuously 连续地: It rained solidly for three hours.雨不停地下了叁个小时. 3 agreeing completely; unanimously 一致地: We are solidly united on this issue. 我们在这个问题上是团结一致的. 复合： ,solid-`state adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of electronicdevices) using only transistors, ie without valves （指电子装置）固态的, 全晶体管的: a ,solid-state `amplifier 固态放大器.

solidarity
[7sCli'dArEti; 7salE'dArEti] n [U] unity and agreement resulting from shared interests, feelings, actions, sympathies, etc 团结; 一致: * national solidarity in the face of danger 危难当头举国团结一致 * `We must show solidarity with the strikers,’ declared the student leaders. 学生领袖声称: * ‘我们要申明与罢工工人团结一致.’

solidify
[sE'lidifai; sE'lidE7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (into sth) (cause sth to) become solid, hard or firm （使某物）变为固体, 变硬, 变得坚固: * The paint had solidified in the tin. 罐子里的颜料已经乾了. * The mixture solidifies into toffee. 这种混合物凝结之後就成了太妃糖. * (fig 比喻) Vague objections to the system solidified into firm opposition. 对该体制隐约的反感演变成了坚决的反抗. > solidification/sE7lidifi'keiFn; sE7lidEfE'keFEn] n [U].

soliloquy
[sE'lilEkwi; sE'lilEkwi] n [C, U] (instance of) speaking one's thoughts aloud, esp in a play when a character does this without another character being present on stage 自言自语; （尤指戏剧中的）独白: * Hamlet's famous soliloquy 哈姆雷特的一段着名的独白. 派生： soliloquize, -ise/sE'lilEkwaiz; sE'lilE7kwaiz] v [I] (fml 文) talk to oneself; say one's thoughts aloud, esp in a play 自言自语; （尤指戏剧中）用独白表达: * (joc 谑) soliloquizing in front of the bathroom mirror 对着卫生间的镜子自言自语.

solipsism
[5sClipsizEm; 5salipsizm] n [U] (philosophy 哲) theory that one can have knowledge only of the self 唯我论（认为人的认识只限於自我）.

solitaire
[7sCli'teE(r); - 'sCliteE(r); 5salE7ter] n 1 [U] game for one person in which marbles, balls, pegs, etc are removed from their places on a special board after other pieces are moved over them, the object being to have only one piece left on the board 自娱棋（单人游戏, 用弹子、 小球、 栓棒等棋子在棋盘上跳越走棋, 移去被跳过的棋子, 直到只剩下一粒为止）. 2 = patience3.3 [C] (piece of jewellery such as a ring or an ear-ring having a) single gem or jewel 独粒宝石; 镶有独粒宝石的饰物（如戒指或耳环）: * [attrib 作定语] a solitaire diamond 独粒钻石.

solitary
[5sClitri; - -teri; 5salE7teri] adj 1 (a) [usu attrib 通常作定语] (living) alone; without companions 单独的; 独居的; 独自的: * a solitary walk 独自一人的散步 * lead a solitary life 过独居的生活 * One solitary tree grew on the mountainside. 山腰上孤零零地长着一棵树. (b) fond of being alone; used to being alone 喜欢独处的; 习惯於独处的: * a solitary kind of person 喜欢离群索居的人. 2 not often visited; in a lonely remote place 人迹罕至的; 荒僻的: * a solitary valley 荒僻的山谷 * far-flung solitary villages 偏远冷清的村落. =>Usage at alone 用法见alone. 3 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (esp in negative sentences and questions 尤用於否定句和疑问句中) only one; single 唯一的; 仅有的: * There's not a solitary instance (ie not even one) of this having happened before. 这样的事以前一次也没有发生过. * She couldn't answer a solitary question correctly. 她连一个问题都答不对. 派生： solitarily[5sClitrEli; - 7sCli'terEli; 7salE'terEli] adv. solitary n 1 [U] (infml 口) = solitary confinement: He's in solitary for the weekend. 他周末遭单独禁闭. 2 [C] (fml 文) person who chooses to live completely alone; hermit 喜欢完全独居的人; 隐士. 复合： ,solitary con`finement (also infml 口语作 solitary) prison punishment in which sb is kept alone in a separate cell 隔离监禁: He has been put in solitary confinement for attacking another prisoner. 他因伤害另一囚犯而被隔离监禁.

solitude
[5sClitju:d; - -tu:d; 5salE7tud] n [U] (state or quality of) being alone without companions; solitary state 孤单; 独居: * not fond of solitude 不喜欢孤身一人 * She enjoys the solitude of her own flat. 她喜欢独自在自己的公寓里.

solo
[5sEulEu; 5solo] n (pl ~s) 1 [C] piece of music, dance, entertainment, etc performed by only one person 独唱歌曲; 独奏曲; 独舞; 单人表演: * a violin, piano, flute, etc solo 小提琴、 钢琴、 长笛等的独奏 * sing a solo 唱一首独唱歌曲. 2 [C] flight in which the pilot flies alone without an instructor （飞行员无教练员相伴的）单独飞行: * The trainee pilot flew his first solo today. 那个受训的飞行员今天首次单独飞行. 3 [U] type of whist (a card-game) in which one player opposes others 惠斯特纸牌戏中一人对叁人的玩法. 派生： solo adj [attrib 作定语], adv 1 by oneself, without a companion, etc 独自（的）; 单独（的）: a solo attempt 独自进行的尝试 * his first solo flight 他的首次单独飞行 * She wanted to fly solo across the Atlantic. 她想单人驾驶飞机飞越大西洋. 2 of, concerning or performed as a solo(1) 单人表演（的）: a fine solo performance on the flute 优美的长笛独奏 * a piece for solo cello 大提琴独奏曲 * sing solo 独唱. soloist n person who performs a musical solo 独唱者; 独奏者.

solstice
[5sClstis; 5salstis] n either of the two times of the year at which the sun is furthest North or South of the equator 至日; 冬至或夏至: * summer solstice, ie about 21 June in the Northern hemisphere 夏至 * winter solstice, ie about 22 December in the Northern hemisphere 冬至. Cf 参看 equinox.

soluble
[5sCljubl; 5saljEbl] adj 1 ~ (in sth) that can be dissolved 可溶的: * soluble aspirin 溶解性阿司匹林 * tablets soluble in water 可溶於水的药片 * water-soluble vitamins, ie that can be dissolved in water 水溶维生素. 2 (fml 文) that can be solved or explained; solvable 可解决的; 可解释的; 可解答的: * problems that are not readily soluble 不易解决的问题. > solubility[7sClju'bilEti; 7saljE'bilEti] n [U].

solution
[sE'lu:Fn; sE'luFEn] n 1 [U, C] ~ (to sth) (action or way of finding an) answer to a problem, question, difficulty, etc 解决; 解答; 解释; 答案; 解决方法: * problems that defy solution, ie cannot be solved 无法解决的问题 * the solution to a crossword puzzle 纵横填字谜的谜底 * She can find no solution to her financial troubles. 她经济困难无法克服. * Resorting to violence is not the best solution to an argument. 使用武力不是解决争执的上策. 2 [C, U] liquid in which sth is dissolved; state of being dissolved 溶液; 溶解状态: * a solution of salt in water 盐的水溶液 * salt in solution 溶解状态的盐. 3 [U] process of dissolving a solid or a gas in liquid 溶解过程: * the solution of sugar in tea 糖在茶中的溶解.

solve
[sClv; salv] v [Tn] 1 find an answer to (a problem, etc); explain or make clear (a mystery, etc) 解决, 解答（难题等）; 解释, 揭示（秘密等）: * solve a crossword puzzle 解纵横填字谜 * solve a mathematical equation 解数学 方程式 * solve a crime 破案. 2 find a way of dealing with (a difficulty, etc) 解决（困难等）: * Help me to solve my financial troubles. 请帮我解决经济困难. 派生： solvable adj that can be solved or explained; soluble(2) 可解决的; 可解释的; 可解答的: problems that are not immediately solvable 不能马上得到解决的问题. solver n (in compounds 用以构成复合词) person who finds an answer or a solution 解答或解决问题者: a crime-solver 破案者 * He's a good problem-solver. 他解决难题很拿手.

solvent
[5sClvEnt; 5salvEnt] adj [usu pred 通常作表语] 1 having enough money to pay one's debts; not in debt 有偿付能力; 不负债: * He's never solvent. 他总也还不清债. 2 (fml 文) that can dissolve another substance 有溶解力: * the solvent action of water 水的溶解作用. 派生： solvent n (U, C] substance (esp a liquid) that can dissolve another substance 溶剂; 溶媒: Petrol is a good grease solvent, ie dissolves grease well. 汽油是一种有效的油脂溶剂. solvency[-nsi; -nsi] n [U] being solvent(1) 偿付能力.

sombre
(US somber)[5sCmbE(r); 5sambl] adj 1 dark-coloured; dull and dismal 暗淡的; 阴沉的: * sombre clothes 暗色的衣服 * a sombre January day 一月份中一个阴沉的日子. 2 sad and serious 忧郁的; 严峻的: * a sombre expression on his face 他脸上忧郁的神情 * a sombre picture of the future of the world 世界未来的惨淡写照. > sombrely adv: * sombrely dressed 衣着素淡的. sombreness n [U].

sombrero
[sCm'breErEu; sam'brero] n (pl ~ s) man's felt or straw hat with a very wide brim (as worn in Latin American countries, esp Mexico) 阔边毡帽, 阔边草帽（如墨西哥等拉丁美洲国家男子所戴的）.

some
1[sEm; sEm] indef det (used in affirmative sentences,or in questions expecting a positive reply; after if/whether, when the sentence has a positive emphasis; and in invitations and requests 用於肯定句或希望得到肯定回答的问句; 置於if/whether之後, 语义偏重於肯定; 用以表示邀请和请求) 1 (used with [U] ns 与不可数名词连用) an unspecified amount of 一些; 若干: * There's some ice in the fridge. 冰箱里有些冰块儿. * Some mail came for you this morning. 今天上午有你的邮件. * You left some money on the table. 你把钱落在桌子上了. * Would you like some milk in your tea? 要不要在茶里加点儿牛奶? * Isn't there some (more) wine in the cellar? 酒窖里（还）有酒吗? * If you save some money each week, we can go on holiday. 要是你每星期能存点儿钱, 咱们就可以外出度假了. * Please have some cake. 请吃点儿蛋糕. 2 (used with pl [C] ns, usu referring to three or more 与复数可数名词连用, 通常指叁个或叁个以上) an unspecified number of 一些; 若干: * Some children were playing in the park. 有些小孩儿在公园里玩儿. * Why don't you give her some flowers? 何不送给她一些花? (Cf 参看 I suggest you give her some flowers.) * Didn't you borrow some records of mine? 你没向我借过一些唱片吗? (Cf 参看 You borrowed some records of mine, didn't you?) * If you put some pictures on the wall the room will look brighter. 你要是在墙上挂几幅画, 这个房间就更有生气. Cf 参看 any1.

somebody
[5sQmbEdi; 5sQmbEdi] (also someone/ 5sQmwQn; `sQm9wQn/) indef pron 1 some person 某人; 有人: * There's somebody at the door. 门口有个人. * Somebody from your office phoned. 你的办公室有人来过电话. * If you saw somebody drowning what would you do? 假若看见有人快淹死了, 你怎麽办呢? 2 an important person 重要人物: * He thinks he's really somebody. 他自以为很了不起. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Indefinite pronouns such as somebody, someone, everyone, no one, etc are singular and, grammatically, should be followed by othersingular pronouns (he, she, his, her, etc). *somebody、someone、 everyone、 no one等不定代词均为单数, 根据语法规则, 後面应该用其他单数代词（he、 she、 his、 her等）. Traditionally, if the sex of the person is unknown, the masculine pronouns he, him, his have been used to refer to both females and males 按照传统用法, 若性别不详则男女两性均用阳性代词he、 him、 his表示: Everybody has his own view of what happened. 对於所发生的事情, 各人有各人的看法. * Somebody has lost his car keys. 有人把汽车钥匙丢了. * Did anybody hurt himself? 有人受伤了吗? Many people today consider this shows sexual bias and try to avoid it. 如今很多人认为这种用法有性别偏见之嫌, 因而尽量加以避免. The preferred way, especially in speech, is to use they, them or their with a singular neutral meaning 较为可取的方法是使用they、 them或their, 并赋以单数的中性含义, 尤用於口语: Everyone said they would help. 大家都表示要帮忙. * Either John or Jane has to give up their job. 不是约翰就是简, 总有一个得放弃工作. Another way, especially in writing, is to use(s)he, he or she, him or her, his or her, though some people find this clumsy 另一种方法尤见於书面形式, 是使用(s)he、 he or she、 him or her、 his or her, 但有些人认为过於累赘: Somebody has lost his or her car keys. 有人把汽车钥匙丢了. A third possibility is to rephrase the sentence to make the subject plural, thus avoiding the problem 第叁种用法是修改句子, 使主语变为复数以避开这个问题: Did any of you hurt yourselves? 有人受伤了吗? See also note on usage at he. 参见he词条的用法说明.

someday
[5sQmdei; 5sQm7de] indef adv (also some day) at some time in the future 将来有一天; 他日: * Someday we'll be together. 我们总有一天能聚在一起. * Some day he will be a king. 有朝一日他能当上国王. Cf 参看 some2 2.

somehow
[5sQmhau; 5sQm7hau] (US also someway/ 5sQmweI; `sQm9we/) indef adv 1 in some way; by some means 以某种方式; 通过某种途径: * We must stop him from seeing her somehow. 我们得想个办法不能让他再 跟她来往. * Somehow we must get to Glasgow. 我们得设法到格拉斯哥去. 2 for a reason that is unknown or unspecified 由於未知的或未确指的原因: * Somehow, I don't feel I can trust him. 不知什麽缘故, 我觉得不能信任他. * I always knew I'd get the job, somehow. 也不知为什麽, 我总是觉得我能得到那份工作.

someone
[5sQmwQn; 5sQm7wQn] indef pron = somebody.

someplace
[5sQmpleis; 5sQmples] indef adv (esp US) = somewhere.

somersault
[5sQmEsC:lt; 5sQml7sClt] n acrobaticrolling movement in which a person turns his feet over his head on the ground or in the air （杂技中的）滚翻, 空翻, 跟头: * A gymnast on the trampoline was turning (ie performing) somersaults. 有个体操运动员正在蹦床上做空翻. 派生： somersault v [I, Ipr] perform a somersault or somersaults 做滚翻; 做空翻; 翻跟头: The child somersaulted across the gymnasium. 那孩子翻着跟头从体育馆这头翻到那头.

something
[5sQmWiN; 5sQmWiN] indef pron 1 some thing 某事物: * There's something under the table. 桌子底下有个东西. * I want something to eat. 我想要点儿吃的. * Have you got something I could read? 你有什麽可让我读读的吗? * There's something interesting on the front page. 头版上有些有意思的消息. 2 some thing thought to be significant 被视为有意义的事物: * There's something (ie some truth, some fact or opinion worth considering) in what she says. 她说的有点道理. * It's something (ie a thing that one should feel happy about) to have a job at all these days. 这年头有一份工作就算不错了. * He's something/He does something in (ie He has a job connected with) television. 他是干电视这一行的. 3 (idm 习语) or something (infml 口) or another thing similar to that mentioned 或诸如此类的事物: * She's writing a dictionary or something. 她在编写词典之类的书. * He hit a tree or something. 他撞上了一棵树或其他什麽东西. * She rescued three children from a fire or something. 她从一起火灾之类的事故中救出了叁个孩子. ,something like (a) `sb/sth (a) partially similar to sb/sth 类似某人[某事物]: * A thesaurus is something like a dictionary. 类语词典与普通词典相仿. * The ceremony was something like a christening. 那个典礼有点像洗礼仪式. * The tune goes something like this. 那曲调大致是这样的. (b) approximately sb/sth 近似於某人[某事物]: * He earns something like 35000. 他的收入在35000英镑上下. something `like it roughly what is required or desirable 大致符合要求或符合愿望的事物: * That's something like it, ie That will be satisfactory. 那样就差不多了. something of a sth to some degree 达到某种程度: * She found herself something of a celebrity. 她意识到自己已小有名气了. * I'm something of an expert on antiques. 我对古董略有研究.

sometime
[5sQmtaim; 5sQm7taim] indef adv (also some time) at a particular but unspecified time 在某个时候: * I saw him sometime last summer. 去年夏天的某个时候我曾经见过他. * Phone me some time next week. 下星期什麽时候给我打个电话吧. Cf 参看 some2 2. 派生： sometime adj [attrib 作定语] (fml 文) formerly 从前的: Thomas Atkins, sometime vicar of this parish 托马斯．阿特金斯, 本牧区从前的牧师.

someway
[5sQmwei; 5sQm7we] indef adv (infml 口 esp US) = somehow.

somewhat
[5sQmwCt; - -hwCt; 5sQm7hwat] indef adv to some degree; rather 达到某种程度; 颇为: * I was somewhat surprised to see him. 见到他我有点吃惊. * He answered somewhat nervously. 他回答时有些局促不安.

somewhere
[5sQmweE(r); - -hweEr; 5sQm7hwer] (US also someplace) indef adv in, at or to some place 在某处; 到某处: * He lost it somewhere between here and the station. 他在从这儿到车站的这段路上把它给丢了. * I'm going somewhere else (ie to a different place) this evening. 今晚我去另一个地方. 派生： somewhere indef pron some place 某处: I'll thinkof somewhere to stay. 我要找个住处. * I know somewhere(where) you can eat Japanese food. 我认识个地方, 可以吃日本菜.

somnambulism
[sCm'nAmbjulizEm; sam'nAmbjE7lizEm] n [U] (fml 文) activity or habit of walking in one's sleep; sleep-walking 梦行（症）; 梦游. 派生： somnambulist[-list; -list] n (fml 文) person who does this; sleep-walker 梦行者; 梦游者.

somnolent
[5sCmnElEnt; 5samnElEnt] adj (fml 文) 1 almost asleep; sleepy; drowsy 瞌睡的; 困的; 昏昏欲睡的: * feeling rather somnolent after a large lunch 中午饱餐一顿後有些困. 2 causing or suggesting sleep 使人瞌睡的; 催眠的: * The noise of the stream had a pleasantly somnolent effect. 小河潺潺的流水声有宜人的催眠效果. 派生： somnolence[-Ens; -Ens] n [U] (fml 文) sleepiness; drowsiness 瞌睡; 困乏. somnolently adv.

son
[sQn; sQn] n 1 [C] male child of a parent 儿子: * I have a son and two daughters. 我有一个儿子和两个女儿. 2 [C esp pl 尤作复数] (rhet 修辞) male descendant; male member of a family, country, etc 男性後代; 子孙; 家庭、 国家等的男性成员: * one of France's most famous sons 最着名的法国男儿 * sons of the tribe going out to hunt 部落中外出打猎的男人 * (fig 比喻) a son of the soil, ie sb who follows his father in working on the land （继承父业的）农夫. 3 (form of address used by an older man to a young man or boy 年长者对年轻或年幼男子的称呼): * `What's the matter with you, son?’ asked the doctor. ‘孩子, 哪儿不舒服哇?’医生问道. * `What is it you want to tell me, my son?’ asked the priest. ‘年轻人, 你有什麽话要对我说呢?’教士问道. * (derog 贬) Listen, son, don't start giving me orders. 听着, 小伙子, 别来对我发号施令. 4 the Son [sing] Jesus Christ 圣子; 耶稣基督: * the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit 圣父、 圣子、 圣灵. 5 (idm 习语) like father, like son => father1. a ,son of a `bitch ( sl 讳, 俚) unpleasant person; bastard 狗东西; 狗娘养的; 混蛋: * I'll kill that son of a bitch when I get my hands on him! 等我抓到那狗东西就把他给宰了! 复合： `son-in-law n (pl `sons-in-law) husband of one's daughter 女婿. the ,Son of `God, the ,Son of `Man Jesus Christ 圣子; 耶稣基督.

son et lumiere
[7sCn ei lu:'mjeE(r); 7sonelum'jer] (French 法) night-time entertainment at a famous building or place, where its history is told and acted with special lighting and sound effects 名胜掌故晚会（在着名的建 物或场所就地举行, 以讲述和表演的形式再现该处历史, 并配以灯光和音响效果）: * son et lumiere in the grounds of a ruined abbey 在一座大修道院的废墟上举行的该处名胜掌故晚会.

sonar
[5sEuna:(r); 5sonar] n [U] device or system for detecting and locating objects under water by means of reflected sound waves 声纳装置; 声纳系统. Cf 参看 radar.

sonata
[sE'na:tE; sE'natE] n piece of music composed for one instrument (eg the piano), or two (eg piano and violin), usu with three or four movements 奏鸣曲: * Bach's cello sonatas 巴赫的大提琴奏鸣曲.

song
[sCN; - sC:N; sCN] n 1 [C] (usu short) poem set to music and intended to be sung 歌; 歌曲; 歌词: * a popular song 流行歌曲 * a collection of folk-songs 民歌集 * a beautiful love-song 优美的情歌. 2 [U] music for the voice; (activity of) singing 声乐; 歌唱: * burst into song, ie suddenly begin singing 突然唱起歌来. 3 [U] musical call or sound(s) made by a bird 鸟鸣: * the song of the thrush 鸫鸟的鸣唱 * the song of the birds 鸟的鸣声 * birdsong 鸟鸣. 4 (idm 习语) for a `song (infml 口) at a very low price; cheaply 以很低的价钱; 便宜地: * This table was going for a song at the market. 这张桌子正在市场上廉价出售. (make) a song and `dance (about sth) (infml derog 口, 贬) (make) a great fuss (about sth), usu unnecessarily （对某事物）小题大作: * You may be a bit upset, but it's really nothing to make a song and dance about. 你尽管有些苦恼, 但实在不必小题大作. sing a different song/tune => sing. wine, women and song => wine. 派生： songster[-stE(r); -stl] n (dated or fml 旧或文) singer; songbird 歌唱者; 歌手; 鸣禽: * merry songsters singing carols 欢乐地唱着颂歌的歌手. songstress[-stris; -stris] n (dated or fml 旧或文) female singer 女性歌唱者; 女歌手. 复合： `songbird n bird noted for its musical cry 鸣禽: Blackbirds and thrushes are songbirds. 黑鹂和鸫. `song-book n collection of songs (with both words and music) 歌曲集; 歌本: a children's song-book 儿歌集. `songwriter n person who composes (usu popular) songs as a profession 歌曲（通常指流行歌曲）作家.

sonic
[5sCnik; 5sanik] adj (usu in compounds 通常用以构成复合词) relating to sound, sound-waves or the speed of sound 声音的; 声波的; 声速的. 复合： ,sonic `barrier = sound barrier (sound). ,sonic `boom noise made when an aircraft exceeds the speed of sound 声震, 音爆（飞行器超过声速时发出的声音）.

sonnet
[5sCnit; 5sanit] n type of poem containing 14 lines, each of 10 syllables, and with a formal pattern of rhymes 十四行诗（每行十个音节、 韵律规范的诗体）: * Shakespeare's sonnets 莎士比亚的十四行诗.

sonny
[5sQni; 5sQni] n (infml 口) (familiar, sometimes patronizing, form of address used by an older person to a young boy or young man 用作长者对年幼或年轻男子的昵称, 有时含屈尊意): * Run along now, sonny; mummy wants to have a rest. 乖乖, 走开吧; 妈妈想歇一会儿. * Don't try to teach me my job, sonny. 小伙子, 我的工作用不着你来指教.

sonorous
[5sCnErEs, also sE'nC:rEs; 5sanErEs, sE'nCrEs] adj (fml 文) 1 having a full deep sound （声音）圆润低沉的: * a sonorous voice 圆润低沉的嗓音 * the sonorous tones of the priest 教士那圆润低沉的声调 * a sonorous bell 声音圆润低沉的钟. 2 (of language, words, etc) sounding impressive and important （指语言、 文字等）感人的, 堂皇的: * a sonorous style of writing 华丽的文体. > sonority/sE'nCrEti; - -'nC:r-; sE'nCrEti] n [U] (fml 文): * the sonority of the bass voices 男低音部的低沉声音. sonorously adv.

soon
[su:n; sun] adv 1 (used in mid-position with the v or, esp with too, quite, very, in end position 与动词连用置於句中; 尤与too、 quite、 very连用置於句末) not long after the present time or the time mentioned; within a short time 不久: * We shall soon be home. 我们快到家了. * We soon got there. 我们很快就到那儿了. * We shall be home quite soon now. 我们这就快到家了. * He'll be here very soon. 他马上就要到这儿了. * It will soon be five years since we came to live in Cairo. 我们来到开罗居住快五年了. 2 (often in the pattern thesooner...the sooner... 常用於the sooner...the sooner...的结构中) early; quickly 早; 很快地: * How soon can you be ready? 你最快要多长时间才能准备好? * Must you leave so soon? 你真得这麽早就走吗? * She will be here sooner than you expect. 她很快就到, 比你预料的要早. * The sooner you begin the sooner you'll finish, ie If you begin earlier you'll finish earlier. 早开始早结束. * The sooner you leave the sooner you'll be home. 早走早到家. 3 (idm 习语) as `soon as (used as a conj 用作连词) at the moment that; not later than (the moment when) 一...就...; 不迟於: * He left as soon as he heard the news. 他一听到这事儿就走了. * I'll tell him as soon as I see him. 我一见到他就告诉他. * He didn't arrive as soon as we'd hoped. 他到达的时间比我们预期的要迟. (just) as soon do sth (as do sth) with equal willingness or readiness (as) 同样乐於做某事（像做另一事一样）: * I'd (just) as soon stay at home as go for a walk. 我呆在家里也行, 出去散步也行. least said soonest mended => least. no ,sooner ,said than `done (of a promise, question, request, etc) done, fulfilled, etc immediately （指诺言、 问题、 要求等）说到立即做、 履行、 解决、 满足等. no sooner...than immediately when or after 一...就...: * He had no sooner/No sooner had he arrived than he was asked to leave again. 他刚到就被支走了. soon after (sb/sth) a short time after (sb/sth) 在（某人[某事物]）之後不久:

soon1
* He arrived ,soon after `three. 他是刚过叁点的时候到的. * They left ,soon after `we did. 我们走後不久他们也离开了. * I rang for a taxi and it arrived soon `after. 我打电话叫了计程车, 不一会儿车就到了. the ,sooner the `better as quickly as possible 越快越好: * `When should I ask him?’ `The sooner the better.’ ‘我什麽时候问他好呢?’‘越快越好.’ ,sooner or `later one day; eventually (whether soon or later on) 早晚; 迟早; 总有一天: * You should tell her, because she'll find out sooner or later. 你还是告诉她吧, 因为她迟早会发觉的. sooner do sth (than do sth) (fml 文) rather do sth 宁愿做某事: * She would sooner resign than take part in such dishonest business deals. 她宁可辞职也不愿参与这种不正当的买卖. * Go back there? I'd sooner emigrate! 回去? 我宁可移居海外也不回去! * Will you tell him, or would you sooner (ie prefer it if) I did? 是你去告诉他呢, 还是你愿意让我去告诉他呢? speak too soon => speak.

soot
[sut; sut] n [U] black powder in the smoke of wood, coal, etc 炱; 烟中的黑灰: * sweep the soot out of the chimney 把烟囱里的黑灰扫掉 * One small fire in the kitchen covered the whole house in soot. 厨房里只有一个小火炉就把整个房子都熏黑了. 派生： soot v (phr v) soot sth up (usu passive 通常用於被动语态) cover sth with soot 使某物蒙上黑烟灰: The flue has become sooted up. 烟道里都是黑灰. sooty adj 1 covered with soot; black with soot 有黑烟灰的; 被烟炱熏黑的: the chimney-sweep's sooty face 烟囱清扫工满是黑灰的脸. 2 of the colour of soot; black 烟炱的颜色; 乌黑的: a sooty cat 黑猫.

soothe
[su:T; suT] v [Tn] 1 make (a person who is distressed, anxious, etc) quiet or calm; calm or comfort 使（悲伤、 焦虑等的人）平静或镇定; 安慰; 抚慰: * soothe a crying baby 哄啼哭的小孩儿. 2 make (pains, aches, etc) less severe or painful; ease 使（痛苦、 疼痛等）变轻; 缓解: * soothe sb's toothache 使某人牙痛减轻 * This will help to soothe your sunburn. 这有助於减轻你晒伤处的疼痛. > soothing adj: * soothing music 令人舒畅的音乐 * a soothing voice 有安抚作用的嗓音 * a soothing lotion 润肤液. soothingly adv: * `There, there,’ he said soothingly, `Don't distress yourself!’ ‘好了, 好了,’他安慰道, ‘别伤心了!’

soothsayer
[5su:WseiE(r); 5suW7sel] n (arch 古) fortune-teller; prophet 占卜者; 预言者: * the soothsayer in Shakespeare's `Julius Caesar' 莎士比亚的剧作《裘力斯．凯撒》中的预言家.

sop
[sCp; sap] n 1 [sing] ~ (to sb/sth) thing offered to a displeased or troublesome person to calm him or win his favour 用以慰藉或讨好某人的事物: * offered as a sop to his anger 给他消气儿用的 * The child was given a prize as a sop to her disappointed parents. 给那孩子一个奖品是为了安慰她父母的失望心情. 2 [C] piece of bread, etc dipped in liquid (eg milk, soup) before being eaten or cooked 泡湿的面包片等（如浸过牛奶、 汤等）. 派生： sop v (-pp-) (infml 口) 1 [Tn] dip or soak (bread, etc) in liquid 将（面包等）在液体中蘸或浸泡: sop bread in soup 把面包浸在汤中. 2 (phr v) sop sth up take up (liquid, etc) with a sponge, cloth, etc 用海绵、 布等吸起（液体等）: Sop up the water with a paper towel. 用纸巾把水吸乾. sopping adj, adv very wet; drenched 很潮湿的; 湿透的: Your clothes are sopping (wet)! 你的衣服湿透了!

sophist
[5sCfist; 5safist] n (fml 文) person who uses clever but false arguments intended to deceive 诡辩者: * Many politicians are cunning sophists. 许多政客都是狡猾的诡辩家. 派生： sophism[5sCfizEm; 5safizEm] n [C, U] (fml 文) (use of) such arguments 诡辩; 诡辩之辞.

sophisticated
[sE'fistikeitid; sE'fisti7ketid] adj 1 having or showing much worldly experience and knowledge of fashionable life （显得）世故的, 老练的, 高雅时髦的: * a sophisticated woman 老於世故的女子* wearing sophisticated clothes 穿着考究的衣服 * sophisticated tastes 高雅的口味. 2 complicated and refined; elaborate; subtle 复杂的; 精良的; 精细的; 尖端的: * sophisticated modern weapons 精良的现代武器 * sophisticated devices used in spacecraft 航天器中的尖端装置 * a sophisticated discussion, argument, etc 缜密的讨论、 论点等. 派生： sophisticate/sE'fistikeit; sE'fisti7ket] n (often ironic 常作反语) sophisticated person 老於世故的人: * The sophisticates in the office drink lemon tea; we have coffee. 办公室里那些不同凡俗的人喝的是柠檬茶, 我们这些人喝咖啡. sophistication/sE7fisti'keiFn; sE7fisti'keFEn] n [U] quality of being sophisticated 世故; 复杂性: * proud of her newly-acquired sophistication 她因最近学得老成而自豪 * the sophistication of modern aircraft 现代飞行器的高精尖.

sophistry
[5sCfistri; 5safistri] n (fml 文) (a) [U] use of sophisms 诡辩术: * He won the argument by sophistry. 他靠诡辩赢了那场争论. (b) [C] instance or example of this 诡辩: * the sophistries of the discussion 讨论中的诡辩.

sophomore
[5sCfEmC:(r); 5safm7Cr] n (US) student in the second year of a course at a high school, college or university （中学、 专科学校或大学的）二年级学生.

soporific
[7sCpE'rifik; 7sapE'rifik] n, adj (substance, medicine, drink, etc) causing sleep 催眠的（物质、 药剂、 饮料等）: * a soporific drug 安眠药 * (fig 比喻) a soporificspeech 使听者欲睡的讲话. > soporifically[-kli; -kli] adv.

sopping
=> sop.

soppy
[5sCpi; 5sapi] adj (Brit infml derog 口, 贬) foolishly sentimental 感情用事的; 庸俗伤感的: * a soppy film 庸俗伤感的影片 * `She's just a soppy girl,’ said her youngest brother. ‘她呀, 就是爱动感情, ’她小弟弟说道. > soppily adv. soppiness n [U].

soprano
[sE'pra:nEu; - -'prAn-; sE'prAno] n (pl ~s[-nEUz; -noz/) 1 singing voice of the highest range for a woman or boy 女高音; 男童声最高音: * [attrib 作定语] a soprano voice 女高音. 2 (a) singer with such a voice 女高音歌手; 高音部男童声歌手: * The sopranos sang beautifully. 那些女高音歌手的歌声很美妙. (b) musical part written for such a voice 乐曲的高音部: * [attrib 作定语] a difficult soprano part 难唱的高音部. 3 musical instrument with a range about that of a soprano 高音乐器. 派生： soprano adv with a soprano voice 以最高音: She sings soprano. 她唱高音.

sorbet
[5sC:bei, also 'sC:bEt; 5sCrbEt] (US sherbet) n type of dessert made from water, sugar and fruit-juice; water-ice 果汁雪糕; 雪糕: * blackcurrant sorbet 黑醋栗雪糕.

sorcerer
[5sC:sErE(r); 5sCrsErl] n (fem 阴性作 sorceress/ 5>sR:sErIs; `sRrsErIs/) person who is believed to practise magic, esp with the help of evil spirits; magician 方士（尤指运用妖术者）; 施魔法者: * sorcerers in old-fashioned fairy-tales 传统童话中的术士. 派生： sorcery[5sC:sEri; 5sCrsEri] n [U] art, use or practice of magic, esp with evil spirits; witchcraft 魔法; 妖术; 魔法的施用.

sordid
[5sC:did; 5sCrdid] adj (derog 贬) 1 (of conditions, places, etc) dirty and unpleasant; squalid （指状况、 地方等）肮脏不堪的, 邋遢的: * a sordid slum 污秽的贫民窟 * living in sordid poverty 过着潦倒的生活. 2 (of people, behaviour, etc) displaying selfishness, meanness, etc （指人、 行为等）自私自利的, 卑污的, 龌龊的: * a sordid affair 肮脏的勾当 * sordid motives 卑鄙的动机. > sordidly adv. sordidness n [U]: * the sordidness of the men's living quarters 男宿舍的邋遢状况.

sore
[sC:(r); sCr] adj 1 (a) (of a part of the body) hurting when touched or used; tender and painful; aching （指身体局部）一触或一用就痛的, 易痛的, 疼痛的: * a sore knee, throat, etc 膝痛、 喉咙痛 * My leg is still very sore. 我的腿还是很疼. (b) [usu pred 通常作表语] feeling pain 感到疼痛: * She's still a bit sore after the accident. 她出事後直到现在还觉得痛呢. 2 [usu pred 通常作表语] ~ (at sb) (infml 口 esp US) hurt and angry (esp because one has been treated unfairly); irritated 气恼（尤指因受委屈）; 被激怒: * She feels sore about not being invited to the party. 因未邀请她参加聚会, 她很恼火. * Is she still sore at (ie angry with) you? 她还生你的气吗? 3 (fml or dated 文或旧) serious; severe 严重的; 剧烈的: * in sore distress 悲痛万分 * in sore need of help 极需帮助 * His mother is a sore trial to him, ie causes him much distress. 他母亲让他伤透了脑筋. 4 (idm 习语) like a bear with a sore head => bear1. a sight for sore eyes => sight1. a ,sore `point issue or matter that makes sb feel hurt or angry whenever it is mentioned 使某人伤心或生气的话题或事情: * I wouldn't ask him about his job interview; it's rather a sore point with him at the moment. 我不去问他求职面试的情况, 这是他现在的伤心事. stand/stick out like a sore `thumb be very obvious or conspicuous, and often unpleasing 很显眼（常含贬义）; 扎眼: * The modern office block sticks out like a sore thumb among the old buildings in the area. 那座现代的办公楼直挺挺地竖在那片旧建 物群中十分扎眼. 派生： sore n painful place on the body (where the skin or flesh is injured) （肌肤的）痛处, 伤处: treat a sore 治疗伤处 * Her hands are covered in sores. 她双手有很多痛处. sorely adv (fml 文) seriously; very greatly 严重地; 极度地: be sorely tempted to interrupt 极想插嘴 * Your financial help is sorely needed. 你的资助太要紧了.

sore1
* She was sorely missed at the reunion. 大家团聚时她不在, 非常遗憾. soreness n [U]: the soreness of his skin 他皮肤的疼痛.

sorghum
[5sC:gEm; 5sCrgEm] n [U] type of millet grown as food in warm climates 高粱.

sorority
[sE'rCrEti; - -'rC:r-; sE'rCrEti] n [CGp] (US) (members of a) women's social club in a college or university （学院或大学中的）女生联谊会, 女生联谊会会员. Cf 参看 fraternity3.

sorrel
1[5sCrEl; - 'sC:rEl; 5sCrEl] n [U] type of herb with sour-tasting leaves used in cooking, in salads, etc 酸模（草本植物, 叶酸, 用於烹调、 作色拉等）: * [attrib 作定语] sorrel soup 酸模汤.

sorrow
[5sCrEu; 5saro] n 1 [U] ~ (at/for/over sth) feeling of sadness or distress caused esp by loss, disappointment or regret; grief 悲伤; 悲痛; 懊丧; 悔恨: * express sorrow for having done wrong 因做错了事而表示懊悔 * to my great sorrow 令我悲痛万分 * to the sorrow of all those who were present 使所有在场的人感到难过 * sorrow at sb's death 因某人去世而感到的悲伤 * in sorrow and in joy, ie when we are sad and also when we are happy 无论是在悲伤还是在快乐的时候. 2 [C] particular cause of this feeling; misfortune 悲伤的原因; 懊丧的原因; 不幸: * the sorrow(s) of war 战争带来的灾祸 * He has had many sorrows in his life. 他生活中颇多不幸. * Her death was a great sorrow to everyone. 她死了, 大家万分悲痛. 3 (idm 习语) drown one's sorrows => drown. more in ,sorrow than in `anger with more regret than anger for what was done, etc （对做过的事等）感到懊悔, 倒并不生气: * It was more in sorrow than in anger that he criticized his former colleague. 他批评以前的同事, 并非出於气愤而是为他惋惜. 派生： sorrow v [I, Ipr] ~ (at/for/over sth) (fml 文) feel, express or show sorrow; grieve 感到、 表示或显得悲哀或懊悔; 悲叹; 惋惜: sorrowing over his child's death 因他孩子夭折而悲伤 * sorrowing at his misfortune 哀叹他的不幸. sorrowful[-fl; -fEl] adj (esp fml 尤作文雅语) feeling, showing or causing sorrow 感到、 显得或引起悲哀或懊悔的: * a sorrowful occasion 使人心酸的场合 * Her face was anxious and sorrowful. 她满面悲愁. sorrowfully[-fElI; -fElI/ adv: * weeping sorrowfully 伤心地落泪. sorrowfulness n [U].

sorry
[5sCri; 5sCri] adj 1 [pred 作表语] ~ (to do sth/that...) feeling sadness or regret 感到悲伤或遗憾: * We're sorry to hear of your father's death. 我们获悉令尊去世, 非常难过. * I'm sorry to say that I won't be able to accept the job. 很遗憾, 我不能接受这工作. * I'd be sorry if you were to think that I disliked you. 若是你认为我不喜欢你, 那我就太伤心了. 2 [pred 作表语] ~ (for/about sth) full of shame and regret (esp about a past action); apologetic 惭愧; 懊悔; 自责; 表示歉意: * Aren't you sorry for/about what you've done? 你难道不为自己做的事情感到惭愧吗? * If you say you're sorry (ie if you apologize) we'll forget the incident. 你要是道个歉, 我们就不追究这件事了. 3 (used to express mild regret, disagreement or refusal, and in making apologies and excuses 用以表示有些惋惜、 不同意或拒绝, 用以表达歉意或藉以搪塞): * `Can you lend me a pound?’ `I'm sorry, I can't.’ ‘能不能借给我一镑?’‘很抱歉, 我无能为力.’ * I'm sorry, but I don't share your opinion. 对不起, 您的意见我不能同意. * I'm sorry I'm late. 对不起, 我来 晚了. 4 [attrib 作定语] (-ier, -iest) (usu derog 通常作贬义) poor and shabby; pitiful 贫穷而残破的; 可怜的: * a sorry sight 可怜的情景 * The house was in a sorry state. 那房子残破不堪. * (dated 旧) a sorry excuse, ie a worthless one 拙劣的藉口. 5 (idm 习语) be/feel sorry for sb (a) feel sympathy for sb 同情某人: * I feel sorry for anyone who has to drive in this sort of weather. 我很同情在这种天气还得开车的人. (b) feel pity for, or mild disapproval of, sb 怜悯某人; 对某人有些不赞成: * If he doesn't realize the consequences of his actions, I'm sorry for him. 倘若他意识不到自己行为的後果, 那我就觉得他很可悲了. better safe than sorry => better2. cut a sorry, etc figure => figure1. 派生： sorry interj 1 (used for apologizing, making excuses, etc 用以表示歉意、 搪塞等): Sorry, did I knock your elbow? 对不起, 我是不是撞到你的胳膊肘了?

sorry1
* Sorry, I don't know where she lives. 很抱歉, 我不知道她住在哪儿. 2 (esp Brit) (used when asking sb to repeat sth one has not heard properly 因未听清而请求对方再说一遍的用语) what did you say? 你说什麽?: `I'm hungry.’ `Sorry?’ `I said I'm hungry.’ ‘我饿了.’‘你说什麽?’‘我说我饿了.’ =>Usage at excuse2 用法见excuse2.

sort
1[sC:t; sCrt] n 1 [C] group or class of people or things (which are alike in some way); type 类; 种类; 类型: * He's the sort of person I really dislike. 他这种人我真不喜欢. * What sort of paint are you using? 你用的是哪种颜料? * We can't approve of this sort of thing/these sorts of things/things of this sort. 我们不能赞同这种事. 2 [C usu sing 通常作单数] (infml 口) type of character; person （某种）性格; 人: * a good/decent sort 好人[正派的人] * He's not a bad sort really. 他其实并不坏. 3 (idm 习语) it takes all sorts (to make a world) (saying 谚) people vary very much in character and abilities (and this is a good thing) 什麽人都有（才成其为世界）;人的性格、 能力迥异（却是好事）. nothing of the kind/sort => kind2. of a `sort/of `sorts (infml derog 口, 贬) of a poor or inferior type 差劲的; 劣等的: * They served coffee of a sort. 他们供应的咖啡很差. * It was a meal of sorts, but nobody enjoyed it. 那勉强算是一顿饭, 谁都没吃好. a sort of sth (infml 口) vague, unexplained or unusual type of sth 说不清的、 难以解释的或不寻常的某类事物: * I had a sort of feeling he wouldn't come. 我隐约觉得他不会来. out of `sorts (infml 口) (a) feeling unwell 身体不适: * She's been out of sorts since the birth of her baby. 她生了孩子以後身体一直不好. (b) in a bad temper; annoyed 脾气坏的; 恼怒的: * He's always out of sorts early in the morning. 他大清早总是不痛快. sort of (infml 口) to some extent ; in some way or other 达到某种程度; 有几分; 有点: * I sort of thought this might happen. 我多少猜到了这件事会发生. * You sort of twist the ends together. 你怎麽把顶端缠绕在一起了. * I feel sort of queasy. 我有些恶心. =>Usage at kind2 用法见kind2.

sortie
[5sC:ti:; 5sCrti] n 1 attack made by soldiers coming out from a position of defence on those trying to capture it 突围反击. 2 flight made by one aircraft during military operations 军事行动中一架飞行器的出动次数; 架次: * The four planes each made two sorties yesterday. 那四架飞机昨天各出动两次. 3 brief trip away from home, esp to an unfamiliar or unfriendly place 短暂的外出（尤指去陌生处或不便处）: * a sortie into the city centre to do some shopping 到市中心去买东西 * (fig 比喻) His first sortie into (ie attempt to enter) politics was unsuccessful. 他跻身政界的第一次尝试没有成功.

SOS
[7es Eu 'es; 7es o 'es] n [sing] (a) urgent message for help (sent by radio, etc, usu in code) from a ship, an aircraft, etc when in danger 紧急求救信号（船只、 飞机等发出的, 通常为无线电代码）: * send an SOS to the coastguard 向海岸警卫队发出求救信号 * [attrib 作定语] an SOS message 紧急求救信号. (b) urgent appeal for help or response (eg a radio broadcast to find relatives of a seriously ill person) 紧急求助或寻人呼叫（如为重病人寻找亲属的无线电广播）: * We heard the SOS about Bill's father on the car radio. 我们从汽车收音机里听到了有关比尔父亲的紧急寻人广播. * (joc 谑) Our daughter sent us an SOS for some more money. 我们的女儿给我们发来了再要点钱的求救信号. Cf 参看 mayday.

sot
[sCt; sat] n (dated derog 旧, 贬) person who is in the habit of getting drunk very often, esp sb whose mind has become confused through drinking too much 酒徒, 酒鬼（尤指因贪杯而头脑迟钝者）: * her drunken sot of a husband 她的醉鬼丈夫. 派生： sottish[5sCtiF; 5satiF] adj (dated derog 旧, 贬) in the habit of being drunk and, for this reason, stupid and confused 常醉酒的; 因贪杯而愚蠢糊涂的.

sotto voce
[7sCtEu 'vEutFi; 7sato 'votFi] adj, adv (Italian fml or joc 意, 文或谑) in a low voice, so as not to be heard by everyone 轻声（的）; 低声（的）: * a sotto voce remark 轻声说出的话 * The defendant leant forward and spoke to his barrister, sotto voce. 被告探身跟讼务律师嘀咕了几句.

sou
[su:; su] n 1 former French coin of low value 苏（法国旧时低值硬币）. 2 (infml 口) very small amount of money 极少的钱: * He hasn't a sou, ie He's very poor. 他穷得连一个子儿也没有.

sou'wester
[7sau'westE(r); 7sau'westl] n 1 waterproof hat (usu of oilskin) with a wide flap at the back to protect the neck 护颈防水帽（通常用油布制成, 後侧宽可遮颈）. 2 (also southwester[7sauW'w-; 7sauW'w-] ) strong wind blowing from the south-west 西南强风.

souffle
[5su:flei; - su:'flei; su'fle] n [C, U] dish ofeggs, milk and flour, flavoured (with cheese, etc), beatento make it light, and baked 蛋奶酥: * a spinach souffle 菠菜蛋奶酥 * Would you like some souffle? 你要来点蛋奶酥吗?

sough
[sQf; - sau; sau] v [I] n (arch or fml 古或文) (make a) murmuring or whispering sound (as of wind in trees) （发出）细小的声音（如树间风声）; （发出）瑟瑟声, 飒飒声: * the sough of the wind in the chimney 烟囱里的风呼呼作响.

sought
pt, pp of seek.

soul
[sEul; sol] n 1 [C] spiritual or non-material part of a person, believed to exist after death 灵魂: * commend one's soul to God 将灵魂付托给上帝 * Do you believe in the immortality of the soul? 你相信灵魂不朽吗? * Christians believe that a person's soul survives the death of his body. 基督徒相信人的灵魂在躯体死後依然存在. 2 [C, U] decency and honesty of feeling; emotional, moral and intellectual energy, eg as revealed in works of art 高 尚的情操; 精神; 精力; 魄力; 道义; 智力: * He is a man without a soul. 他是个无情无义的人. * a very polished performance, but without soul 技巧精湛的表演, 但没有内涵 * This music has no soul. 这音乐没有气魄. 3 [sing] the ~ of sth perfect example or pattern (of some virtue or quality) （某种美德或品质的）完美典型, 化身: * He is the soul of honour/discretion. 他是荣誉的化身[为人极为谨慎]. 4 [C] spirit of a dead person 鬼魂; 亡灵; 幽魂: * lost souls still walking the earth 仍在大地上行走的迷惘的幽灵 * All Souls' Day, ie 2 November 万灵节（11月2日）. 5 [C] (a) person 人: * There wasn't a soul to be seen, ie No one was in sight. 一个人影儿都看不见. * Don't tell a soul, ie Don't tell anybody. 谁也别告诉. (b) (with adjs, indicating familiarity, pity, etc 与形容词连用, 表示亲密、 怜悯等) person, child, etc 人; 家伙: * a dear old soul 可爱的人儿 * She's a cheery little soul, ie a cheerful girl, etc. 她是个活泼开朗的孩子. * She's lost all her money, poor soul. 她的钱全没了, 真可怜. 6 [U] (also soul music) type of popular modern Black American music, derived from gospel, blues and jazz, that expresses strong emotion 灵乐（美国现代黑人通俗音乐, 源自福音音乐、 布鲁斯音乐和爵士乐, 表达浓烈的情感）: * the sound of soul 灵乐之韵 * [attrib 作定语] a soul singer 灵乐歌手. 7 [U] (US infml 口) Black American culture and racial identity; qualities enabling a person to be in harmony with himself and others 美国黑人文化及其种族特性; 开朗随和的性格特点.

soul1
8 (idm 习语) bare one's heart/soul => bare2. body and soul => body. heart and soul => heart. keep body and soul together => body. the life and soul of sth => life. sell one's soul => sell. upon my soul! (dated 旧) (used as an exclamation of shock or surprise 用以表示震惊或惊奇). 派生： soulful[-fl; -fl] adj having, affecting or showing deep (usu sad) feeling 热情的; 深情的; （通常指）悲伤的: * a soulful expression 伤感的表情 * soulful music 充满激情的音乐. soulfully[-fEli; -fli] adv: * soulfully playing the guitar 深情地弹奏着吉他. soulfulness n [U]. soulless[5sEullis; 5sollis] adj 1 (of a person) without higher or deeper feelings （指人）无高尚心灵的, 无深厚感情的. 2 (of life, a job, etc) boring and unimportant （指生活、 工作等）枯燥而不重要的: * his soulless work in the factory 他在工厂里干的枯燥无味的工作. soullessly adv. 复合： `soul brother (fem 阴性作 `soul sister) (infml 口 esp US) (used esp by young Black Americans 尤为美国黑人青年用语) black person (esp one who thinks and feels in the same way as oneself) 黑人（尤指与自己意趣相投的）. `soul-destroying adj (of work, etc) very repetitive and dull （指工作等）单调无味的, 无聊得折磨人的: soul-destroying jobs in the factory 工厂里极乏味的工作. `soul food (US) food traditionally associated with Black Americans in the southern US 美国南方黑人常吃的食物. `soul mate person with whom one has a deep lasting friendship and understanding 知己; 执友. `soul music = soul6. `soul-searching n [U] deep examination of one's conscience and mind 深刻反省; 自省: After days of soul-searching he finally came to the decision to leave home. 他经过几天的反躬自问, 最终决定离家而去. `soul-stirring exciting, moving, etc 激动人心的; 感人至深的; 动人心魄的: soul-stirring music 动人心魄的音乐.

sound
1[saund; saund] adj 1 in good condition; not hurt, diseased, injured or damaged 完好的; 健康的; 健全的; 无损伤的: * have sound teeth 牙齿结实 * have a sound mind, ie not mentally ill 心智健全 * a sound constitution 强健的体质 * a house built on sound foundations 地基坚实的房子. 2 based on reason, sense or judgement; dependable 合理的; 明智的; 正确的; 稳妥的: * a sound argument, policy, etc 正确的论据、 政策等 * sound advice 忠告 * a sound business firm 信誉好的公司 * Is he sound on state education? ie Are his views well founded, officially acceptable, etc? 他对国家教育的见解有道理吗? 3 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (esp fml 尤作文雅语) full and complete; thorough 充分的; 彻底的:a sound telling-off, thrashing, etc 一顿痛骂、 痛打等.4 careful and accurate; competent 细心的; 严谨的; 有能力的; 稳健的: * a sound tennis player 网球技巧娴熟的人 * a sound piece of writing 好文章. 5 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of sleep or a sleeper) deep, peaceful and uninterrupted （指睡眠）酣的, 香甜的, 不中断的; （指睡觉的人）酣睡的: * be a sound sleeper 睡得很沉 * a sound night's sleep 睡一夜好觉. 6 (idm 习语) safe and sound => safe1. (as) sound as a bell in perfect condition 健康的; 完好的: * The doctor said I was as sound as a bell. 医生说我身体很好. ,sound in ,wind and `limb (dated or joc 旧或谑) physically fit 体格强健的: * remarkably sound in wind and limb for his age 就他的年纪而言, 身体十分硬朗. 派生： sound adv (idm 习语) be/fall sound a`sleep be/become deeply and peacefully asleep 酣睡着[安然入睡]. soundly adv in a sound manner; thoroughly and fully 健全地; 充分地; 彻底地; 稳健地: a soundly based argument 有充分根据的论点 * be soundly beaten at chess 下棋一败涂地 * sleep soundly 酣睡. soundness n [U]: the soundness of her advice 她的劝告的正确性

sound1
* the soundness of his performance 他表演的娴熟.

soup
1[su:p; sup] n [U, C] 1 liquid food made by cooking vegetables, meat, etc in water 汤; 羹: * chicken, tomato, vegetable, etc soup 鸡、 蕃茄、 蔬菜等汤 * a range of tinned soups 各种罐头汤 * Will you have some soup before the meat course? 吃荤菜前先来点汤好吗? 2 (idm 习语) in the `soup (infml 口) in trouble or difficulties 处於困境; 出麻烦: * If your Mum finds out what you've done, you'll really be in the soup! 要是你妈妈发觉你干的事, 你就要倒霉了! 复合： `soup-kitchen n place where soup and other food is supplied free to people with no money, esp after a disaster such as an earthquake or a flood 施粥所（尤指赈灾的）. `soup-plate n large deep plate with a wide rim, used esp for soup （深盘状）汤碗.

soupcon
[5su:psCn; - su:p'sCn; sup'san] n [sing] ~ (of sth) (sometimes joc 有时作戏谑语) very small amount; trace 少量; 微量: * a soupcon of garlic in the salad 色拉里的一丁点大蒜 * a soupcon of malice in his remark 他的话里的些微恶意.

sour
[5sauE(r); 5saur] adj 1 (a) having a sharp taste (like that of vinegar, a lemon or unripe fruit) 有酸味的; 酸的: * sour gooseberries 酸的醋栗 * This apple is really sour! 这苹果真酸哪! (b) tasting or smelling sharp and unpleasant from fermentation; not fresh 有酸臭味道或气味的; 馊的: * The milk's turned sour. 牛奶变酸了. * a sour smell 馊味. 2 having or showing a bad temper; disagreeable in manner 坏脾气的; 别扭的; 乖戾的: * a sour and disillusioned man 阴郁颓丧的人 * What a sour face she has! 她的脸色多难看! 3 (idm 习语) go/turn `sour become unfavourable or unpleasant; turn out badly 变得令人不愉快; 变坏; 变糟: * Their relationship soon went sour. 他们的关系不久就变坏了. * His original enthusiasm has turned sour. 他当初的积极性已淡下去了. sour `grapes (saying 谚) (said when sb pretends that what he cannot have is of little or no value or importance 用以指某人因得不到某事物而佯称该事物不好): * He says he didn't want to marry her anyway, but that's just sour grapes. 他说自己反正不想娶她, 那不过是吃不到葡萄反而说葡萄酸罢了. 派生： sour v [I, Tn] (cause sth/sb to) become sour （使某物）变酸, 变馊; （使某事）变糟; （使某人）阴郁或乖戾: The hot weather soured the milk. 天热牛奶酸了. * (fig 比喻) His personality has soured. 他品性变差了. * The old man has been soured by poverty. 那老人因贫困脾气都坏了. sourly adv. sourness n [U]: the sourness of the fruit 水果的酸味 * the sourness of her expression 她满脸不悦. 复合： sour `cream cream deliberately made sour by the addition of bacteria, used in various savoury dishes （加菌发酵致酸的）酸味奶油. `sourdough n (US) 1 [U] fermented dough mixture used in bread-making 面肥: [attrib 作定语] sourdough bread 用面肥发的面包. 2 person with long experience in pioneering or gold prospecting (in N Canada or Alaska) （加拿大北部或阿拉斯加的）垦荒老手, 探金矿的行家.

sour1
`sourpuss n (infml 口) bad-tempered person 脾气坏的人: She's an old sourpuss. 她是个脾气坏的老太太.

source
[sC:s; sCrs] n 1 starting-point of a river 河流的源头; 发源地: * the sources of the Nile 尼罗河的发源地 * Where is the source of the Rhine? 莱茵河发源於何处? 2 place from which sth comes or is obtained 来源; 出处: news from a reliable source 来源可靠的消息 * a limited source of income 有限的收入来源 * Is that well the source of all the cases of infection? 所有这些传染病病例都是由那口井引发的吗? 3 (esp pl 尤作复数) personor thing (esp a book, document, etc) supplying information,esp for study 提供资料的人, 原始资料（尤指书、 文件等）（尤指供研究的资料）: He cited many sources for his book. 他在书中引用了许多资料. * [attrib 作定语] source material 原始资料. 4 (idm 习语) at `source at the point of origin or beginning 在源头; 在发源地; 在开端: money taxed at source, ie before it is given to the earner 扣除税金後发放的钱 * Is the water polluted at source or further downstream? 河水是在源头还是在流出之後受到污染的?

souse
[saus; saus] v 1 [Tn] (infml 口) plunge (sb/sth) into or soak in water; throw water on or over 将（某人[某物]）投入或浸入水中; 将水泼在...上. 2 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] put (fish, etc) into salted water, vinegar, etc to preserve it 腌制（鱼等）: * soused herrings 腌鲱鱼. 派生： soused/saust; saust] adj [pred 作表语] (sl 俚) drunk 醉.

south
[sauW; sauW] n 1 [U] (abbr 缩写 S, US also So) one of the four main points of the compass, on the right of a person facing the rising sun 南; 南方: * South is opposite north on a compass. 罗盘上南与北是相对的. Cf 参看 east, north, west. 2 [U, sing] this direction, or any part of the earth lying in this direction 南面; 南边: * The window faces south. 窗子朝南. * The wind is in (ie blowing from) the south today. 今天刮南风. * The town is to the south of (ie situated further south than) London. 那镇位於伦敦南面. 3 the South [sing] (a) part of a country further south than the rest; southern part or region 国家的南方; 南部; 南部地区: * have a holiday in the South of France 在法国南部度假 * He came to the South to look for a job. 他到南方来找工作. (b) south-eastern states of the US 美国的东南各州. 派生： sou'/sau; sau] n (esp nautical 尤用於航海) (short form of south used in compounds 在复合词中south的缩略形式): * sou'-east 东南 * sou'-sou'-west 西南南. south (also South) adj [attrib 作定语] 1 in, near, towards or at the south 南方的; 在南方的; 近南部的; 向南的; 在南侧的: South Wales 南威尔士 * South America 南美洲 * the South Pacific 南太平洋 * grow roses on a south wall 贴着南墙种玫瑰 * on the south coast 在南岸. 2 (of a wind) coming from the south （指风）南来的: a south wind 南风. south adv 1 to or towards the south 到南方; 向南: go south out of town 出城向南走 * birds flying south for winter 飞到南方过冬的鸟 * The ship was sailing due south. 船向正南方航行. 2 (idm 习语) down `south (infml 口) to or in the south 到南方; 在南方: go down south for a few days 南下几天 * They used to live in Scotland but they moved down south. 他们以前住在苏格兰, 後来移居南方了. 复合： ,South `African of southern Africa or of the republic of South Africa; native or inhabitant of these countries 非洲南部的（人）; 南非共和国的（人）.

south1
`southbound adj travelling towards the south 向南行进的: a southbound train 南行的列车 * swallows southbound for the winter 南飞过冬的燕子. ,south-`east (also ,South-`East) n [sing], adj, adv (situated in, towards, coming from or in the direction of) the point on the compass midway between south and east （位於、 向着、 来自或对着）东南（的）: live in the South-East 住在东南部 * a ,south-east `wind 东南风 * a house facing south-east 向着东南的房子. ,south`easter n strong wind blowing from the south-east 东南强风. ,south-`easterly adj (a) (of a wind) from the south-east （指风）来自东南方向的: a south-easterly air flow 东南气流. (b) (of a direction) towards the south-east （指方向）朝东南的. ,south-`eastern[-'i:stEn; -'istln] adj of, from or situated in the south-east part (esp of a country) 有关、 来自或位於（尤指国家的）东南部的: * the south-eastern states of the US 美国的东南各州. `southpaw n (infml 口) left-handed person (esp in sports such as boxing) 惯用左手者, 左撇子（尤用於拳击等运动中）. the ,South `Pole southernmost point of the Earth 南极: a journey to the South Pole 南极之行. =>illus at globe 见globe插图. southward(s)[5sauWwEdz; 5sauWwldz] adv, adj (travelling) towards the south 向南地; 向南的; 南行（的）: * driving southwards along the motorway 沿高速公路向南行驶. =>Usage at forward2 用法见forward2. ,south-`west (also ,South-`West) n [sing], adj, adv (situated in, towards, coming from or in the direction of) the point on the compass midway between south and west （位於、 向着、 来自或对着）西南（的）: travel south-west 向西南而行 * stand facing south-west 面向西南站立 * a south-west wind 西南风 * live in the South-West (of a country) 住在（某国的）西南部. ,south`wester n = sou'wester 2. ,south-`westerly adj (a) (of a wind) from the south-west （指风）来自西南方向的.

south2
(b) (of a direction) towards the south-west （指方向）朝西南的: travel in a south-westerly direction for 6 miles 向西南方向走6英里. ,south-`western[-'westEn; -'westln] adj of, from or situated in the south-west 有关、 来自或位於西南的.

southerly
[5sQTEli; 5sQTlli] adj, adv 1 (of winds) blowing from the south （指风）从南方刮来（的）: * southerlybreezes 从南方刮来的和风. 2 towards the south 向南方（的）: * The plane flew off in a southerly direction. 飞机向南飞去. 派生： southerly n (esp pl 尤作复数) wind blowing from the south 南风: warm southerlies 和煦的南风.

southern
[5sQTEn; 5sQTln] southern adj in or of the south 在南方的; 南方的: * southern Europe 南欧 * the Southern states of the USA 美国南部各州 * the Southern hemisphere, ie the southern half of the globe 南半球. 派生： southerner n person from the southern part of a country, eg from the South in the USA 南方人: a southerner now living in the north of England 现住在英格兰北部的南方人 * You can tell southerners by their accent. 听口音就能辨别出南方人. 复合： ,southern `lights = aurora australis (aurora 2). southernmost[-mEust; -7most] adj furthest south 最南端的: * the southernmost point of an island 岛的南端.

souvenir
[7su:vE'niE(r); - 'su:vEniEr; 5suvE7nir] n thing taken, bought or received as a gift, and kept to remind one of a person, a place or an event 纪念品; 纪念物: * a souvenir of my holiday 我的假期的纪念品 * [attrib 作定语] a souvenir shop for tourists 旅游纪念品商店.

sovereign
[5sCvrin; 5savrin] adj (fml 文) 1 (of power) without limit; highest （指权力）无限的, 至高无上的: * Who holds sovereign power in the state? 谁掌握国家的最高权力? 2 [attrib 作定语] (of a nation, state, ruler) fully independent and self-governing; having total power （指民族、 国家、 统治者）完全独立自主的, 有主权的: * become a sovereign state 成为主权国家. 3 [attrib 作定语] (fml 文) very effective; excellent 有特效的; 极好的: * Is there a sovereign remedy for this condition? 在这种情况下有没有万全之策? 派生： sovereign n 1 (fml 文) ruler with sovereign power, eg a king, a queen or an emperor 最高统治者（如国王、 皇帝）. 2 former British gold coin, originally worth one pound 旧时英国金币, 面值一英镑. sovereignty[5sCvrEnti; 5savrEnti] n [U] (fml 文) 1 independent sovereign power 最高统治权; 君权. 2 quality of being a country with this power 国家的主权: * respect an island's sovereignty 尊重一岛国的主权.

soviet
[5sEuviEt, 'sCv-; 5soviEt, 'sav-] n 1 [C] (formerly) any of the councils of workers, etc in any part of the USSR (the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) （旧时）苏维埃（苏联各地的工人等的代表会议）: * the Supreme Soviet, ie the governing council of the whole of the USSR 最高苏维埃（苏联的全国权力机构）. 2 the Soviets [pl] (esp US) (formerly) the people of the USSR; their leaders （旧时）苏联人民, 苏联领导人. 派生： Soviet adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (formerly) of or concerning the USSR and its people （旧时）苏联（人民） 的, 有关苏联（人民）的: Soviet Russia 苏俄 * the Soviet Union 苏联.

sow
1[sau; sau] n fully grown female pig （成熟的）母猪. =>illus at pig 见pig插图. Cf 参看 boar, hog 1.

soya bean
[5sCiE bi:n; 5sCiE 7bin] (also esp US soy bean[5sCi bi:n; 5sCi 7bin] ) n type of bean (originally from SE Asia) rich in protein, grown for food and used esp as a substitute for meat 大豆: * a casserole made with soya beans 大豆焙盘 * [attrib 作定语] soya oil, ie extracted from soya beans 豆油 * soya flour 大豆粉 * soya milk, ie milk substitute made from processed soya beans 豆浆. 复合： ,soya `sauce (also ,soy `sauce) dark brown sauce made by fermenting soya beans in salty water, used in oriental cooking 酱油: adding soy sauce to the stir-fried vegetables 炒蔬菜中加酱油.

sozzled
[5sCzld; 5sazEld] adj (infml 口) very drunk 烂醉的: * He got absolutely sozzled at the Christmas party. 他在圣诞节聚会上烂醉如泥.

sp
abbr 缩写 = (esp on corrected written work 尤用於校正文字时) spelling.

spa
[spa:; spa] (also in place names 用於地名时作 Spa) n (place where there is a) spring of mineral water with medicinal properties 矿泉; 有矿泉的地方: * Cheltenham Spa 功尔滕纳姆矿泉 * [attrib 作定语] spa water 矿泉水.

space
[speis; spes] n 1 [C] unused or unfilled gap or area between two or more objects or points 空白; 空隙; 空地: * the spaces between words 字与字之间的空隙 * There's a space here for your signature. 你可以在这空白处签字. * Is there a space for the car in the firm's car park? 公司停车场有没有这辆车的位子? * We were separated by a space of ten feet. 我们相距十英尺. 2 [U] unoccupied area or place available for use; room 空地方; 空处: * There isn't much space left for your luggage. 剩下的地方不太够你放行李的. * Have you enough space to work in? 你做事的地方够大吗? * There isn't enough space in the classroom for thirty desks. 教室里放不下叁十张桌子. =>Usage 见所附用法. 3 [C, U] large area (esp of land not built on) 开阔地区, 空旷处（尤指无建 物的）: * open spaces for children to play on 供儿童玩耍的空地 * a country of wide open spaces 土地辽阔的国家 * the freedom and space of the countryside 乡村的自由和广阔天地. 4 [U] continuous expanse in which all things exist and move 空间: * He was staring into space. 他极目远眺. 5 [U] (also ,outer `space) (often in compounds常用以构成复合词) universe beyond the earth's atmosphere in which all other planets and stars exist 外层空间; 太空: * travel through space to other planets 穿越太空飞向其他行星 * the exploration of outer space 对外层空间的探索. 6 [C usu sing 通常作单数] interval of time 时间的持续; 期间: * (with)in the space of two hours, ie during a period not longer than two hours 两小时之内 * a space of two weeks between appointments 两次约会之间相隔的两星期. 7 (idm 习语) cramped for room/space => cramp2. ,watch this `space (catchphrase 警语) (in a newspaper, etc) keep alert because sth interesting or surprising will appear here soon （见於报纸等）请留意此处（即将有不容错过的内容）.

space1
派生： space v [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (out) set sth out with regular spaces between 将某事物均匀隔开: space out the posts three metres apart 把这些柱子间隔叁米排开 * space out (ie spread) payments for a house over twenty years 房款分二十年付清 * space the rows 10 inches apart 排列成行距10英寸 * The letter was well spaced, ie typed, etc with a suitable amount of space between each line, etc. 信中的间隔距离处理得很整齐. spacing n [U] amount of space left between objects, words, etc in laying or setting sth out （物体、 字词等之间的）间隔, 间距: Be careful with your spacing or you won't get the heading on one line. 注意间隔, 否则这个标题一行排不下. * Shall I use single or double spacing (ie single or double spaces between the lines) when I type this letter? 我打这封信是用单行行距还是用双行行距? 复合： `space-age adj [attrib 作定语] very modern andadvanced 航天时代的; 太空时代的: space-age technology,equipment 太空时代的技术、 设备. `space-bar n bar on a typewriter, tapped to make spaces between words （打字机的）空格键. `spacecraft n (pl unchanged 复数不变) (also `spaceship) vehicle manned or unmanned for travelling in space 航天器; 宇宙飞船; 太空船: spacecraft orbiting the earth 绕地球运行的航天器. `spaceman[-mn; -mAn] (fem 阴性作 `spacewoman)n (pl -men, -women) (also astronaut) person who travels in outer space 宇航员; 太空人. `space invaders (propr 专利名) popular computerizedgame in which players try to prevent creatures from space landing on earth 太空侵略者（阻止天外怪物入侵地球的流行的电脑游戏）. `space probe = probe 2. `spaceship n = spacecraft. `space shuttle spacecraft designed for repeated use, eg between earth and a space station or the moon 航天飞机; 太空穿梭机. `space station large manned artificial satellite used asa base for operations in space(5), eg for scientific research,as a launching pad for spacecraft, etc 航天站; 太空站.

space2
`spacesuit n sealed suit covering the whole body and supplied with air, allowing the wearer to move about in space(5) 宇航服; 太空服. `spacewalk n act or time of moving about in space outside a spacecraft （在航天器舱外进行的）太空行走, 太空行走的时间. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Space, room, place and seat all relate to an area in a room, building, vehicle, etc which can be occupied by a person or thing. *space、 room、 place、 seat均指房间、 建 物、 车辆等中可容纳人或物的范围. Space (countable and uncountable) and room (uncountable) are the most general and suggest an undefined area, big enough for something or for a purpose *space（为可数和不可数名词）和room（不可数名词）最通用, 指不确定的范围, 可容下某物或符合某目的: The wardrobe takes up too much space/room. 这衣橱太占地方了. Place and seat (both countable) are used for specific spaces, usually for people to sit *place和seat（均为可数名词）指具体的空处, 通常指座位: We'll try to get places/seats at the front of the hall. 我们要设法弄到大厅前面的座位. * There are only two places/seats left for tonight. 今晚只剩下两个座位了.

spacious
[5speiFEs; 5speFEs] adj having or providing much space; roomy 宽敞的; 宽广的: * a very spacious kitchen 非常宽敞的厨房 * the spacious back seat of a car汽车上宽舒的後座. > spaciously adv. spaciousnessn [U].

spade
1[speid; sped] n 1 tool for digging, with a wooden handle and a broad metal blade 锹; 铲: * a garden spade 种花草用的锹. 2 (idm 习语) call a spade a spade => call2. 派生： spadeful[5speidful; 5sped7ful] n amount (of earth, etc) carried on a spade 一锹的量: * three spadefuls of sand 叁锹沙子. 复合： `spadework n [U] (fig 比喻) hard work done in preparation for sth 艰苦的准备工作: She got the praise for the job but he did all the spadework. 工作完成後她获得赞誉, 但筹备期间的苦活儿全是他干的.

spaghetti
[spE'geti; spE'geti] n [U] Italian pasta made in long thin rods, cooked in boiling water until soft and usu served with a sauce 意大利面条.

spam
[spAm; spAm] n [U] (propr 专利名) type of tinned meat made from spiced and chopped cooked ham, usu eaten cold 香火腿（碎火腿加香料制成的罐头, 通常冷食）: * spam and salad 香火腿和色拉.

span
1[spAn; spAn] n 1 distance or part between the supports of an arch or a bridge 跨度, 跨径, 跨（拱或桥支撑物之间的距离或部分）: * The arch has a span of 60 metres. 那个拱的跨度为60米. * The bridge crosses the river in a single span. 河上那座桥是单跨桥. 2 length of time over which sth lasts or extends from beginning to end （某事物）自始至终的持续时间或期间: * the span of life 一生的时间 * a short span of time 短暂的一段时间 * over a span of six years 六年期间 * have a short concentration span, ie be capable of concentrating for only a short period of time 不能长久集中注意力. 3 (dated 旧) distance from the tip of the thumb to the tip of the little finger when the hand is stretched out; about 23 centimetres (9 inches) 壳乍, 一壳乍宽（手掌张开时拇指尖与小指尖的距离, 约23厘米或9英寸）. 派生： span (-nn-) v [Tn] 1 form a bridge or arch over (sth); extend across 建造跨越（某物）的桥或拱; 横跨: The river Thames is spanned by many bridges. 泰晤士河上有很多桥. 2 extend over or across (sth); stretchacross 跨越, 穿越（某事物）; 贯穿: (fml 文) His knowledgespans many different areas. 他的知识广博遍及许多领域. * Her life spanned almost the whole of the 19th century. 她的一生几乎经历了整个19世纪. 3 stretch one's hand across (sth) in one span 将手指作一壳乍状跨於（某物）上: Can you span an octave on the piano? 你一壳乍能按到钢琴的八个键吗?

spangle
[5spANgl; 5spANgl] n tiny piece of shining metal or plastic used for decoration on a dress, etc, esp in large numbers 闪光饰片（装饰衣物等的金属或塑料片, 尤指大量的）: * the spangles on the fairy's dress in the pantomime 童话剧中仙女连衣裙上的闪光饰片. 派生： spangle v [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) cover or decorate sth with spangles or small bright objects like spangles 用闪光饰片等小物件布满或装饰某物: a dress spangled with tiny silver sequins 用闪光的圆形小银片儿装饰的连衣裙.

spaniel
[5spAnjEl; 5spAnjEl] n breed of dog with large ears which hang down 西班牙猎狗（耳大下垂的一种狗）: * a cocker spaniel 西班牙猎鸡狗.

Spanish
[5spAniF; 5spAniF] adj of Spain; of the people of Spain or their language 西班牙的; 西班牙人的; 西班牙语的: * a Spanish dance 西班牙舞 * Spanish customs 西班牙的风俗. 派生： Spanish n [U] the language of Spain 西班牙语: Do you speak Spanish? 你会说西班牙语吗? 复合： the ,Spanish `Main (former name for the) NE coast of S America and the Caribbean Sea near this coast （旧称）南美东北沿岸及其附近的加勒比海海域.

spank
[spANk; spANk] v 1 [Tn] slap (esp a child) with a flat hand, esp on the buttocks, as a punishment 掴（尤指小孩）（尤指打屁股惩罚）: * spank a child's bottom 掴小孩的屁股. 2 (phr v) ~ along (dated infml 旧, 口) (esp of a horse, ship or car) move along quickly （尤指马、 船或汽车）快速向前行进, 疾驶: * fairly spanking along 很快地行进. 派生： spank n slap with a flat hand, esp on the buttocks 掴（尤指打屁股）: a spank on the bottom 打在屁股上的一巴掌. spanking n series of spanks; process of spanking （打在屁股上的）一顿巴掌: The boy got a sound spanking. 那男孩的屁股着实挨了一顿巴掌. adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (dated infml 旧, 口) quick and energetic 快速而有力的: go at a spanking pace 很快地走着. adv (infml 口) (used esp before adjs like fine, new 尤用於fine、 new等形容词之前) outstandingly; very 非常; 十分: a spanking new boat 崭新的船 * spanking white paint 纯白的颜料.

spanner
[5spAnE(r); 5spAnl] (Brit) (US wrench) n 1 tool for gripping and turning nuts on screws, bolts, etc 扳子; 扳手: * I'll need a spanner to change the back wheel. 我需要一把扳手来换後轮. 2 (idm 习语) (throw) a `spanner in the works (Brit infml 口) (cause the) ruin or sabotage of a plan, scheme, etc 破坏一计画、 方案等.

spar
1[spa:(r); spar] n strong wooden or metal pole used as a mast, yard, boom, etc on a ship 圆材（木质或金属质, 用作桅 、 帆桁等）.

spare
1[speE(r); sper] adj 1 in addition to what is usu needed or used; kept in reserve for use when needed 多馀的; 剩馀的; 备用的: * Do you carry a spare wheel in your car? 你的汽车上有备用车轮吗? * We have no spare room (ie space) for a table. 我们没有放桌子的空地方. * I wish we had a spare room, ie an extra bedroom (eg for guests). 我们要是有一间富馀的卧室就好了（如给客人用）. * I have no spare money this month. 这个月我没有馀钱. 2 (of time) for leisure; free; unoccupied （指时间）空闲的, 未占用的: * a busy woman with little spare time 忙得没有空的女子 * He paints in his spare time. 他在空闲时绘画. 3 (esp fml 尤作文雅语) (of people) thin; lean （指人）瘦的: * a tall spare man 又高又瘦的男子 * a spare figure 瘦削的身材 * spare of build 体格瘦削的. 4 [attrib 作定语] (fml 文) small in quantity 少量的: * a spare meal 量小的一顿饭 * on a spare diet 在节食. 5(idm 习语) go `spare (Brit sl 俚) become very annoyedor upset 烦恼; 难过: * Your mum will go spare if she finds out what you've done! 要是你妈妈知道你干的事, 她会气坏的! 派生： spare n spare part (for a machine, car, etc), esp an extra wheel for a car （机器、 汽车等的）备件; （尤指）汽 车备用车轮: I've got a puncture and my spare is flat too! 我的车胎扎破了, 备用的也瘪了! * I'll show you where the spares are kept. 我来指给你看放备件的地方. 复合： ,spare `part part (for a machine, car, etc) used to replace an identical part if it gets lost, damaged, etc 备用零件; 备件; 配件: It's difficult to get spare parts for old washing-machines. 旧洗衣机的配件已很难弄到. ,spare-`rib n rib of pork with most of the meat cut off （肉少的）猪排骨: barbecued spare-ribs 烤猪排骨. ,spare `tyre 1 extra wheel for a car, etc （汽车等的）备用车轮. 2 (Brit infml joc 口, 谑) roll of fat around the waist 腰部的一圈脂肪: I'll have to exercise to get rid of my spare tyre. 我得运动运动以减少腰部的脂肪.

spark
[spa:k; spark] n 1 [C] (a) tiny glowing particle thrown off from sth burning or produced when two hard substances (eg stone, metal, flint) are struck together 火花; 火星: * Sparks from the fire were flying up the chimney. 火星沿着烟囱向上飘. * The firework exploded in a shower of sparks. 烟火炸开放出一阵火花. * Rubbing stones together produces sparks to start a fire. 用石头相擦可产生火花用来引火. (b) flash of light produced by the breaking of an electric current （切断电流而产生的）电火花: * a faulty light switch sending out sparks 冒着火花的有故障的电灯开关. 2 [sing] ~ of sth trace (of a particular quality) （某特质的）极微的量: * He hasn't a spark of generosity in him. 他一点也不慷慨. * without a spark of enthusiasm 没有丝毫的积极性. 3 (idm 习语) a bright spark => bright. make the fur/sparks fly => fly2. 派生： spark v [I] 1 give out sparks (spark 1); producesparks 发出火花; 冒火星: The fire is sparking dangerously.那堆火迸出火星, 十分危险. 2 (phr v) spark sth off (infml 口) be the immediate cause of (usu sth bad); lead to sth 直接导致（尤指坏事）; 引发某事: His comment sparked off a quarrel between them. 他提的意见引起了他们之间的争吵. * The incident sparked off a whole chain of disasters. 那件事惹出了一连串的灾祸. sparks n [sing v] (sl 俚) electrician or radio operator (esp on a ship) 电工, 无线电操作员（尤指船上的）. 复合： `sparking-plug (also `spark-plug) n device producingan electrical spark which fires the petrol mixture in a petrol engine 火花塞: The sparking-plugs need cleaning. 火花塞要清理一下了. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xii.

sparkle
[5spa:kl; 5sparkl] v [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) 1 shine brightly with flashes of light 闪耀; 闪烁: * Her diamonds sparkled in the candle-light. 她的钻石在烛光中闪闪发亮. * pavements sparkling with frost 冰霜闪耀的人行道 * Her eyes sparkled with excitement. 她目光闪烁显露出激动的神情. 2 be full of life and wit 活力和才智焕发; 活跃: * She was really sparkling (with happiness) at the wedding. 在婚礼上她（幸福得）容光焕发. * She always sparkles at parties. 在聚会上她总是神采奕奕. 派生： sparkle n [U, C] effect made by sparkling (sparkle 1, 2); act of sparkling 光亮; 活力; 闪光: the sparkle of sunlight on snow 阳光照射在雪上的闪光 * There was a sudden sparkle as the fireworks were lit. 烟火点燃後火花迸发. * a performance that lacked sparkle 缺乏生气的表演. sparkler[5spa:klE(r); 5sparkll] n 1 [C] type of small hand-held firework that sends off showers of sparks （手持的）喷火星的小烟火. 2 sparklers [pl] (sl 俚) diamonds 钻石. sparkling[5spa:kliN; 5sparkliN] adj [attrib 作定语] 1 (of wine, etc) giving off tiny bubbles of gas （指酒等）起泡的: * sparkling white wine 白葡萄汽酒 * sparkling mineral water 矿泉汽水. 2 lively and witty 活泼机智的: * sparkling conversation 轻松愉快的交谈 * a brilliant, sparkling young woman 聪明活泼的年轻女子.

sparrow
[5spArEu; 5spAro] n type of small brownish-grey bird common in many parts of the world 麻雀: * sparrows twittering in the roof-tops 在屋顶上吱吱喳喳叫的麻雀. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page iv. 复合： `sparrow-hawk n small hawk that eats smaller birds 雀鹰.

sparse
[spa:s; spars] adj not dense, thick or crowded; thinly scattered 稀少的; 稀疏的; 稀落的: * a sparse population 稀少的人口 * a sparse beard 稀疏的胡须 * The television coverage of the event was rather sparse. 电视上对这件事报道得很少. > sparsely adv: * a sparsely furnished room, ie one with little furniture 陈设简陋的房间 * sparsely spread financial resources 分散的财力. sparseness (also sparsity[5spa:sEti; 5sparsEti] ) n [U]: * the sparseness of trees on the landscape 景物中树木寥寥无几.

spartan
[5spa:tn; 5spartn] adj (fml 文) (of conditions) simple and harsh; without luxury or comforts （指环境）简陋而艰苦的, 清苦的: * lead a spartan life in the mountains 在山里过清苦的生活 * a spartan meal, ie a very simple one 一顿简单的饭.

spasm
[5spAAAzEm; 5spAzEm] n [C, U] 1 strong, sudden and uncontrollable tightening of a muscle or muscles 痉挛; 抽搐; 发作: * an asthma spasm 气喘发作 * painful muscular spasms 引起疼痛的痉挛 * The muscles in the athlete's leg went into spasm, ie tightened uncontrollably and painfully. 那运动员的腿抽筋了. 2 sudden short burst (of activity, emotion, etc) （活动、 情感等的）突发, 发作: * a spasm of energy, excitement, pain, coughing 一阵活力的爆发、 兴奋、 疼痛、 咳嗽.

spasmodic
[spAz'mCdik; spAz'madik] adj 1 occurring or done at irregular intervals (usu for short periods at a time); not continuous or regular 一阵阵的; 时断时续的: * spasmodic efforts to clean the house 对房子时干时停的打扫 * spasmodic periods of happiness followed by misery 时而快乐, 时而痛苦. 2 caused by or affected by spasms 痉挛的; 痉挛性的: * spasmodic asthma 支气管气喘. > spasmodically[-kli; -kli] adv: * spasmodically energetic 表现出阵阵活力的.

spastic
[5spAstik; 5spAstik] n, adj (person who is) physically disabled because of cerebral palsy, a condition in which there are faulty links between the brain andmotor nerves causing jerky or uncontrollable movements患大脑性麻 的（人）: * a special school for spastics 专为大脑性麻 患者办的学校 * spastic children 大脑性麻 患儿.

spat
1 pt, pp of spit1.

spate
[speit; spet] n 1 [sing] sudden fast rush (of business, etc) （生意等的）突然增多: * a spate of orders 突如其来的一大批订货单 * a spate of new cars on the market 突然上市的一批新汽车 * a spate of (cases of) influenza in the winter 冬天的一阵流感. 2 (idm 习语) in `spate (of a river, etc) flowing strongly at a much higher level than normal （指河水等）高涨: * After the storm all the rivers were in spate. 暴雨过後河水都上涨了.

spatial
[5speiFl; 5speFEl] adj (fml 文) of, concerning or existing in space 空间的; 有关空间的; 存在於空间的: * the spatial qualities of the new concert hall 新音乐厅的空间特性. > spatially[-FEli; -FEli] adv.

spatter
[5spAtE(r); 5spAtl] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (on/over sb/sth); ~ sb/sth (with sth) scatter, splash or sprinkle sth in drips (over sb/sth) 、 溅或泼在（某人[某物]）上: * spatter oil on one's clothes/spatter one's clothes with oil 把油溅在衣服上 * As the bus passed it spattered us with mud. 公共汽车开过时, 溅了我们一身泥. =>Usage at spray2 用法见spray2. 2 [I, Ipr, Ip] fall or rain down in drops 滴下; 落: * We heard the rain spattering down on the roof of the hut. 我们听到雨滴滴答答打在小屋的屋顶上. * Bullets spattered around us. 子弹像雨点般射在我们周围. 派生： spatter n [sing] ~ (of sth) (a) sprinkling; small shower 溅; ; 泼; 滴落: a spatter of rain, bullets, etc 一阵雨、 弹雨. (b) sound of spattering 、 溅、 泼等的声音: the spatter of rain on the tent 雨落在帐篷上的滴沥声 * a spatter of applause 劈里啪拉的一阵掌声.

spatula
[5spAtFulE; 5spAtFElE] n 1 tool with a wide flat blunt blade used for mixing and spreading, esp in cooking and painting （搅拌或涂敷用的）铲; （尤指）烹调用铲, 漆工抹刀: * He scraped the mixture out of the bowl with a plastic spatula. 他用塑料铲把盆里的混合料刮了出来. * She levelled the surface of the cake mixture with a metal spatula. 她用金属铲抹平了蛋糕配料. =>illus at kitchen 见kitchen插图. 2 strip of hard material (usu wood) used by a doctor for pressing the tongue down when examining the throat 压舌板.

spawn
[spC:n; spCn] n [U] (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) 1 eggs of fish, shellfish and frogs, toads, etc （鱼、 甲壳动物、 蛙、 蟾等的）卵: * `frog-spawn 蛙卵. 2 (biology 生) white fibrous matter from which mushroomsand other fungi grow 菌丝. 派生： spawn v [I, Tn] (a) (of fish, frogs, etc) produce (eggs) （指鱼、 蛙等）产（卵）: salmon spawning 产卵的 鱼 * Have the frogs spawned yet? 那些蛙产卵了吗? (b) (esp derog 尤作贬义) appear or produce (sth) in great numbers 大批涌现; 大量产生（某事物）: departments which spawn committees and sub-committees 派生出一大串委员会和附属委员会的部门 * new housing estates spawning everywhere 处处涌现出的新住宅区.

spay
[spei; spe] v [Tn] remove the ovaries of (a female animal) to prevent breeding 切除（动物的）卵巢; 骟（雌性动物）: * Has your cat been spayed yet? 你那只母猫骟了吗?

speak
[spi:k; spik] v (pt spoke/spEuk; spok] , pp spoken[5spEukEn; 5spokEn] ) 1 [I] make use of words in an ordinary voice (not singing); utter words 说话; 讲话: * He can't speak. 他不会说话. * Please speak more slowly. 请慢点说. * `May I speak to Susan?’ ie at the beginning of a telephone conversation. ‘可以请苏珊听电话吗?’ * `Speaking,’ ie this is Susan speaking (in reply to previous question). ‘我就是.’（对前一句的回答）. 2 [Tn] (not in the continuous tenses 不用於进行时态) know and be able to use (a language) 会说（某语言）: * He speaks several languages. 他会说好几种语言. * She speaks a little Urdu. 她会一点儿乌尔都语. * Does anyone speak English here? 这儿有人会说英语吗? 3 [Ipr] ~ (to/with sb) (about/of sb/sth) have a conversation (with sb); express oneself in words; talk （与某人）交谈; 用语言表达; 谈话: * I was speaking to him only yesterday. 昨天我还跟他说过话呢. * Can we speak about plans for the holidays? 我们谈谈假期的打算好吗? * She was speaking about it for hours. 那件事她谈了好几个钟头. * She didn't speak of her husband at all. 她完全没谈到她丈夫. 4 [I, Ipr] ~ (on/about sth) make a speech (to an audience) 发言; 讲话; 演讲: * She spoke for forty minutes at the conference. 她在会上讲了四十分钟. * Are you good at speaking in public? 你善於当众讲话吗? * I told him to speak on any subject he wanted. 我已告诉他想谈什麽就谈什麽. 5 [Tn] make (sth) known; say or express 表明（某事）; 说出: * speak the truth 说实话 * He spoke only two words the whole evening. 一晚上他只说了两个字. =>Usage at say 用法见say. 6 [I, Ipr]~ (to/with sb) (usu in negative sentences 通常用於否定句) (infml 口) be on friendly or polite terms (with sb) （与某人）礼尚往来: * They're not speaking (to each other) after their argument. 他们争吵过後就互不理睬了.

speak1
7 (idm 习语) actions speak louder than words => action. be on `speaking terms (with sb) (a) know sb well enough to speak to him 与某人熟识到可交谈的程度: * I see him on the train every day but we're not on speaking terms. 我每天都在火车上见到他, 但彼此没说过话. (b) be on friendly or polite terms; be willing to talk (to sb) (esp after an argument) 礼尚往来; 肯（对某人）说话（尤指争吵後）: * At last they're on speaking terms again! 他们终於又互相说话了! * They're not on speaking terms after their quarrel. 他们那次吵过架後就互不理睬了. the facts speak for themselves => fact. in a manner of speaking => manner. nothing to `speak of nothing worth mentioning; not much 不值一提; 不多: * She has saved a little money, but nothing to speak of. 她存了一点钱, 但少得不值一提. not to speak of/no sth to speak of not worth mentioning/no sth worth mentioning 谈不上[没有值得一提的事物]: * We've not had any summer to speak of. 直到现在还没有像样的夏天. * We've had no food to speak of today.谈不上今天吃过东西了. roughly, generally, personally, etc speaking in a rough, general, etc way; from a general, personal, etc point of view 大致上; 一般来说; 从一般、 个人等角度来看: * Generally speaking, I don't like spicy food. 我一般不爱吃辛辣的食物. * Personally speaking, I prefer the second candidate. 我本人喜欢第二个候选人. Cf 参看 strictly speakinging (strict). ,so to `speak one could say; as it were 可以说; 可谓: * The new procedures have been officially christened, so to speak.新措施可以说已经正式实施了. speak for it`self/them`selves need no explaining; be self-evident 无需说明; 不言自喻: * The events of that evening speak for themselves. 那天晚上发生的事情不用说也很清楚. speak for one`self express one's opinion, etc in one's own way 自己表达自己的意思:

speak2
* I'm quite capable of speaking for myself, thank you! 我还是有能力把话说清楚的, 谢谢你吧! speak for your`self (joc or derog catchphrase 谑或贬, 警语) don't think you are speaking on behalf of everyone 你只能代表你自己; 你不能代表别人: * `We all played very badly.’ `Speak for yourself, I think I played quite well.’ ‘我们在场上表现得都很差劲.’‘你只能说你自己, 我觉得我表现得很不错.’ speak ill of sb (fml 文) speak in an unkind or unfavourable way about sb 说某人坏话: * Don't speak ill of the dead. 别说死者的坏话. * I've never spoken ill of him in my life. 我这辈子从来没说过他的坏话. speak one's `mind express one's views directly and frankly 直率地表达意见. speak/talk of the devil => devil1. speak the same `language (as sb) (infml 口) have similar tastes and ideas (as sb); have a common understanding （与某人）口味和意见相同; 有共同的想法: * As soon as I met Liz, it was obvious we spoke the same language. 我和利兹一见面就明显觉得我们俩很说得来. speak volumes for sb/sth be strong evidence of sb/sth's merits, qualities, etc 充分证明某人[某事物]的优点、 品质等: * These facts speak volumes for her honesty. 这些事实都有力地证明了她为人诚实. speak `well for sb be evidence in favour of sb 证明某人很好: * Her reputation as a good mother speaks well for her. 大家都知道她是个好母亲, 这足以证明她人品好. `spoken for reserved, etc in advance 事先预订的: * I'm afraid you can't use those chairs they're already spoken for. 很抱歉, 你不能用这些椅子--有人预先说好了要用的. the spoken/written word => word. 8 (phr v) speak for sb (no passive 不用於被动语态) (a) state the wishes, views, etc, of sb; act as a spokesman for sb 表达某人的愿望、 意见等; 代某人说话: * I'm afraid I can't speak for Geoff, but... 很抱歉, 我不能代表杰夫说话, 但是....

speak3
(b) give evidence on behalf of sb 为某人作证; 为某人辩护: * Who is prepared to speak for the accused? 谁来为被告辩护? speak of sth (fml 文) indicate sth; suggest sth 表明某事物; 意味着某事物: * Her behaviour speaks of suffering bravely borne. 她的表现显示出她勇敢地承受着痛苦. speak out (against sth) say boldly and clearly what one thinks (in opposition to sth) 大胆明确地说出（反对某事物）的意见: * He was the only one to speak out against the closure of the hospital. 只有他一人直言不讳地表示反对关闭医院. speak to sb (euph 婉) reprimand; tell off 责备; 训斥: * Your children are disturbing my wife; can you speak to them, please? 你的孩子吵得我妻子不得安宁, 请说说他们好吗? speak to sth (fml 文) give information about (a subject), esp at a meeting 讲述（某事）（尤指在会上）: * Will you speak to this item, David? 戴维, 你来谈谈这个问题好吗? speak up speak louder 大点声说: * Please speak up; we can't hear you at the back. 请大点儿声说, 我们在後面听不见. speak up (for sb) state clearly and freely what one thinks (on behalf of sb) （为某人）明确而坦率地说出想法: * It's time to speak up for those who are suffering injustice. 现在该为蒙受不公正对待的人们大声疾呼了. 派生： speaker n 1 person who makes speeches; person who speaks or was speaking 发言者; 演讲者; 说（着）话的人: May I introduce our speaker for this evening? 我来介绍一下今晚演讲的人好吗? * a good, poor, interesting, etc speaker 演讲水平高的人、 演讲能力差的人、 发言有趣的人 * I turned and saw the speaker at the back of the room. 我转过脸看见说话的人是在屋子的最後面. 2 (infml 口) = loudspeaker (loud). 3 person who speaks a language 说某种语言的人: French speakers/speakers of French 说法语的人. 4 the Speaker person who presides over business in the House of Commons and other legislative assemblies （英国下议院及其他议会的）议长: `Order! Order!’ shouted the Speaker. ‘安静! 安静!’议长大声说道.

speak4
* MP's trying to attract the attention of the Speaker 尽力引起议长注意的下议院议员. -spoken (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) speaking in a specified way 以某种方式说话的: well-spoken * a soft-spoken man. 复合： ,speaking `clock (Brit infml 口) telephone service that gives spoken statements of the time 电话报时服务. `speak-easy n place where alcohol may be bought illegally (esp formerly in the US during Prohibition) 非法售酒处（尤指美国禁酒时期）.

spear
[spiE(r); spir] n 1 weapon with a metal point on a long handle, used (esp formerly) for hunting and fighting 矛; 长枪; 标枪: * antelopes killed with spears 用长枪刺死的羚羊. 2 long pointed leaf or stem (eg of grass or asparagus) growing directly out of the ground 长而尖的叶或茎（直接从地面生出的, 如草或芦荀）: * spears of the snowdrop plant 雪花莲的茎. 派生： spear v [Tn] strike, pierce or wound (sb/sth) with a spear; kill with a spear （用矛）刺穿, 刺伤, 刺死（某人[某物]）: They were standing in the river spearing fish. 他们站在河里叉鱼. * The warriors speared the man to death. 武士们把那个男子戳死了. 复合： `spearhead n (usu sing 通常作单数) person or group that begins or leads an attack 先锋; 前锋; 先头部队: The new managing director will act as spearhead of the campaign. 新上任的常务董事将在这场运动中挂帅. v [Tn] act as a spearhead for (sth) 为（某事）作先锋; 带头做（某事）: The tanks spearheaded the offensive. 坦克在那次进攻中打头阵.

spearmint
[5spiEmint; 5spir7mint] n [U] common variety of mint used for flavouring (esp chewing-gum) 留兰香: * [attrib 作定语] spearmint toffees 留兰香太妃糖. Cf 参看 peppermint.

spec
[spek; spek] n (idm 习语) on `spec (infml 口) as a speculation or gamble, without being sure of obtaining what one wants 碰运气: * I went to the concert on spec: * I hadn't booked a seat. 我去听音乐会是碰运气, 因为没预订座位.

special
[5speFl; 5speFEl] adj 1 [usu attrib 通常作定语] of a particular or certain type; not common, usual or general 特殊的; 特别的: * goods on special offer, ie cheaper than usual 特价货 * He did it as a special favour. 他做这事算是特别照顾. * What are your special interests? 你有些什麽特别爱好? * She's a very special friend. 她是个特殊的朋友. 2 [attrib 作定语] designed, reserved or arranged, etc for a particular purpose 专门的; 特设的: * a special train, eg for a holiday excursion 专列（如为假日出游特设的） * a special occasion 特别安排的活动 * You'll need a special tool to do that. 干那个活儿要用专用工具. * She has her own special way of doing things. 她做事自有一套办法. * Newspapers send special correspondents to places where important events take place. 报社往往派遣特派记者到有重大事件的现场. 3 [attrib 作定语] exceptional in amount, degree, quality, etc 额外的; 格外的: * Take special care of it. 对这东西要特别细心. * Why should we give you special treatment? 凭什麽要我们对你特殊照顾? * He takes no special trouble with his work. 他在工作上不特别卖力. Cf 参看 especial. 派生： special n 1 person or thing that is not of the usual or regular type, esp a special constable, train or edition (of a newspaper, etc) 特别的人或事物; （尤指）特种警察, 专列, 号外, 特刊: an all night television special on the election 电视上整夜的选举专题报道 * Specials were brought in to help the regular police force. 已增派特警部队协助常规警察. 2 (US infml 口) reduced price (in a shop) given prominence through advertising, etc （通过广告等宣传的）大减价: There's a special on coffee this week. 本周咖啡特价出售. * Coffee is on special (ie being sold at a lower price than usual) this week. 本周咖啡大减价. specialist[-FElist; -FElist] n person who is an expert in a special branch of work or study, esp of medicine 专业工作者; 专家; （尤指）专科医生:

special1
* an `eye specialist 眼科医师 * a specialist in plastic surgery 整形外科医生. specially[-FEli; -FEli] adv 1 for a particular purpose 特意地; 专门地: * I came here specially to see you. 我是专程来看你的. * I made this specially for your birthday. 这是我特意为你生日而做的. 2 (also especially) exceptionally; particularly 格外地; 特别地; 特殊地: * I enjoyed the evening, but the meal wasn't specially good. 整个晚上我过得很高兴, 但那顿饭不怎麽样. 复合： `Special Branch (Brit) department of the police force that deals with national security （警察部门的）政治保安处. ,special `constable person trained to help the police force occasionally, esp in an emergency 特种警察. `special `delivery delivery of mail (a letter, parcel, etc) by a special messenger instead of by the usual postal service （信件、 包裹等的）专递: If you want the letter to arrive tomorrow send it (by) special delivery. 要让这封信明天到, 就得用专递服务. ,special `licence licence allowing a marriage to take place at a time or place not usu authorized 结婚特别许可（不限在通常规定的时间或地点举行婚礼）. ,special `pleading (law 律) persuasive but unfair reasoning that favours one side of an argument 偏向的诡辩. `special school school for handicapped children 特殊学校（残疾儿童学校）. `special student (US) student at an American university not on a degree course 美国大学中不就读学位课程的学生.

speciality
[7speFi'AlEti; 7speFi'AlEti] (also esp US specialty[5speFElti; 5speFElti] ) n 1 interest, activity, skill, etc to which a person gives particular attention or in which he specializes 专业; 特长: * Her speciality is medieval history. 她专修中世纪史. * His speciality is barbecued steaks. 烤牛排是他的拿手好菜. 2 service or product for which a person, place, firm, etc is well-known; particularly good product or service 招牌性的或优质的服务或产品; 特制品; 拳头产品: * Wood-carvings are a speciality of this village. 木雕是这个村的特殊工艺品. * Home-made ice-cream is one of our specialities. 本店自制的冰激凌别具风味.

specialize, specialise
[5speFElaiz; 5speFEl7aiz] v [I, Ipr] ~ (in sth) (a) be or become a specialist 成为专家; 专门从事; 专攻: * He specializes in oriental history. 他专门研究东方史. (b) give particular attention to (a subject, product, etc); be well-known for 专注於（某项目、 产品等）; 以...闻名: * This shop specializes in chocolates. 这个商店专门出售巧克力. 派生： specialization, -isation[7speFElai'zeiFn; - -li'z-; 7speFEli'zeFEn] n [U]. specialized, -ised adj 1 adapted or designed for a particular purpose （为适应某目的或为某目的而设计的）专门的: specialized tools 有专门用途的工具. 2 of or relating to a specialist 专业的; 专科的: specialized knowledge 专业知识 * specialized work 专业性的工作.

specie
[5spi:Fi:; 5spiFi] n [U] (fml 文) money in the form of coins (contrasted with paper) 硬币（相对纸币而言）: * [attrib 作定语] specie payments 硬币支付 * payment in specie 以硬币支付.

species
[5spi:Fi:z; 5spiFiz] n (pl unchanged 复数不变) 1 group of animals or plants within a genus(1) differing only in minor details from the others, and able to breed with each other but not with other groups 物种; 种: * a species of antelope 一种羚羊 * various animal species 各种动物 * the human species, ie mankind 人类. Cf 参看 phylum, class 7, order1 9, family 4. 2 (infml or joc 口或谑) sort; type 种类; 类型: * an odd species of writer 古怪的作家.

specific
[spE'sifik; spi'sifik] adj 1 detailed, precise and exact 详细而精确的; 确切的: * specific instructions 明确的指示 * What are your specific aims? 你有确切的目标吗? 2 relating to one particular thing, etc; not general 特定的; 具体的: * The money is to be used for one specific purpose: * the building of the new theatre. 这笔钱有专门用途: * 就是建造新剧院. 派生： specific n 1 (medical 医) drug used to treat a particular disease or condition 特效药: Quinine is a specific for malaria. 奎宁是治疗疟疾的特效药. 2 particular aspect or precise detail 具体的方面; 详情; 细节: moving from the general to the specific 从泛泛而谈转向具体论述 * We all agreed on our basic aims, but when we got down to specifics it became more complicated. 关於基本目标, 大家的意见是一致的, 但谈到具体事情时, 情况就复杂了. specifically[-kli; -kli] adv in a specific manner 确切地; 具体地; 特别地: * You were specifically warned not to eat fish. 已经特别叮嘱过你不要吃鱼. * The houses are specifically designed for old people. 这些房子是专为老年人设计的. 复合： spe,cific `gravity mass of any substance in relation to an equal volume of water 比重.

specification
[7spesifi'keiFn; 7spesEfE'keFEn] n 1 [C esp pl 尤作复数] details and instructions describing the design, materials, etc of sth to be made or done 规格; 规格说明: * specifications for (building) a garage （建造）车房的规格说明 * the technical specifications of a new car 新汽车的技术规格. 2 [U] action of specifying 具体说明; 详述: * the specification of details 细节的详述.

specify
[5spesifai; 5spesE7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn, Tf, Tw] (esp fml 尤作文雅语) state or name clearly and definitely (details, materials, etc) 确切说明（细节、 材料等）; 明确规定; 详述: * The contract specifies red tiles, not slates, for the roof. 合同中规定屋顶要用红瓦而不用石板瓦. * The regulations specify that you may use a dictionary in the examination. 规则中指明考试时可以用词典.

specimen
[5spesimEn; 5spesEmEn] n 1 thing or part of a thing taken as an example of its group or class (esp for scientific research or for a collection) 样品, 标本（尤用於科研或作收藏品）: * There were some fine specimens of rocks and ores in the museum. 博物馆里有些很好的岩石和矿石标本. * [attrib 作定语] a specimen signature 签字样 * a publisher's catalogue with specimen pages of a book 附有某书样张的出版物目录. 2 sample (esp of urine) to be tested (usu for medical purposes) 标本; 样; （尤指）尿样: * supply specimens for laboratory analysis 提供作实验分析的标本. 3 (infml sometimes derog 口, 有时作贬义) person of a specified sort, esp one who is unusual in some way 有某特点的人（尤指有些怪异的）: * a fine specimen (of humanity) 好人 * That new librarian is an odd specimen, isn't he? 新来的图书管理员挺古怪的, 是不是?

specious
[5spi:FEs; 5spiFEs] adj (fml 文) seeming rightor true but actually wrong or false 似是而非的: * a speciousargument 似是而非的论点. > speciously adv: * speciouslyconvincing 貌似有理而让人信服. speciousness n [U].

speck
[spek; spek] n very small spot or stain; tiny particle (of dirt, etc) 小斑点; 小污点; （泥土等的）小颗粒: * a speck of soot on his shirt 他衬衫上的黑炱斑 * Do you ever see specks in front of your eyes? 你是否有过眼前出现黑斑的现象? * The ship was a mere speck on the horizon. 那只船在天水交接处不过是一个小点儿.

speckle
[5spekl; 5spekl] n small mark or spot, esp one of many, often occurring as natural markings on a different coloured background (on the skin, feathers, eggs, etc) （皮肤、 羽毛、 蛋壳等上的）斑点, 色斑, 色点: * brown speckles on a white egg 白色蛋上的褐斑 * speckles of red in a blue background 蓝底红点儿. 派生： speckled adj marked with speckles 有斑点的; 有色斑的: a speckled hen 有花斑的母鸡 * speckled eggs 有色斑的蛋.

spectacle
[5spektEkl; 5spektEkl] n 1 grand public display, procession, performance, etc 大场面（壮观的公开展示、 队列、 表演等）: * The ceremonial opening of Parliament was a fine spectacle. 该议会的开幕式场面隆重. 2 impressive, remarkable or interesting sight 精彩的、 非凡的或有趣的情景: * The sunrise seen from high in the mountains was a tremendous spectacle. 从山上居高远望, 日出景象蔚为奇观. 3 (usu derog 通常作贬义) object of attention, esp sb/sth unusual or ridiculous 注意的目标; （尤指）不同寻常的或滑稽的人[事物]: * The poor fellow was a sad spectacle. 那可怜的家伙看着就叫人难过. 4 (idm 习语) make a `spectacle of oneself draw attention to oneself by behaving, dressing, etc ridiculously, esp in public （因行为、 穿着等）出丑, 出洋相: * make a spectacle of oneself by arguing with the waiter 跟服务员争吵而出丑.

spectacular
[spek'tAkjulE(r); spek'tAkjEll] adj (a) making a very fine display or show 壮观的; 精彩的:a spectacular display of fireworks 壮观的烟火会. (b)(attracting attention because) impressive or extraordinary引人注目的; 出色的; 与众不同的: * a spectacular victory by the French athlete 那个法国运动员的辉煌胜利. 派生： spectacular n (supposedly) impressive show or performance; spectacle 精彩的节目或表演; 壮观的场面: a Christmas TV spectacular 圣诞节精彩的电视节目 * an aerobatic spectacular at the air show 航空表演中的特技飞行奇观. spectacularly adv: a spectacularly daring performance 扣人心弦的惊险表演.

spectator
[spek'teitE(r); - 'spekteitEr; 5spektetl] n person who watches (esp a show or game) 观看者; （尤指表演或比赛的）观众: * noisy spectators at a football match 足球比赛中喧闹的观众. 复合： spec`tator sports sports that attract many spectators,eg football 观众多的体育运动（如足球）: Many spectator sports are now televised. 有许多体育项目因观众多现已 由电视转播.

spectral
[5spektrEl; 5spektrEl] adj (fml 文) 1 of or like a spectre(1) （似）鬼的, 幽灵的: * spectral figures 鬼影. 2 of the spectrum or spectra 谱的; 光谱的: * spectral colours 谱色.

spectre
(US specter)[5spektE(r); 5spektl] n (fml 文) 1 ghost; phantom 鬼; 幽灵: * haunted by spectres from the past 闹鬼的. 2 unpleasant and frightening mental image of possible future trouble （因可能出现困难而产生的）忧虑, 恐怖: * The spectre of unemployment was always on his mind. 他心头一直萦绕着可能失业的恐惧感.

spectro-
comb form 构词成分 of or concerned with a spectrum 谱的; 有关谱的: spectrometer.

spectrometer
[spek'trCmitE(r); spek'tramEtl] n type of instrument that can be used for measuring spectra 分光计; 分光仪; 谱仪.

spectroscope
[5spektrEskEup; 5spektrE7skop] n instrument for producing and examining the spectra of a ray of light 分光镜. 派生： spectroscopic[7spektrE'skCpik; 7spektrE'skapik] adj of or by means of a spectroscope 分光镜的; 藉分光镜的: * spectroscopic analysis 光谱分析.

spectrum
[5spektrEm; 5spektrEm] n (pl spectra/ 5spektrE; `spZktrE/) (usu sing 通常作单数) 1 image of a band of colours as seen in a rainbow (and usu described as red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet), formed by a ray of light that has passed through a prism 光谱. 2 similar series of bands of sound 声谱; 频谱: * the sound spectrum 声谱. 3 (fig 比喻) full or wide range or sequence 范围; 系列: * covering the whole spectrum of ability 涉及整个能力范围. =>Usage at data 用法见data.

speculate
[5spekjuleit; 5spekjE7let] v 1 [I, Ipr, Tf] ~ (about/on/upon sth) form opinions without having definite or complete knowledge or evidence; guess 思考; 思索; 推断; 推测: * speculate about/upon the future 对未来的推想 * I wouldn't like to speculate on the reasons for her resignation. 我不愿意猜测她辞职的原因. * I can only speculate that he left willingly. 我看他一定是自愿走的. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (in sth) buy and sell goods or stocks and shares in the hope of making a profit through changes in their value, but with the risk of losing money 投机; 做投机买卖: * speculate in oil shares 做石油股票的投机买卖 * speculating on the stock market 进行证券投机. 派生： speculator n person who speculates (speculate 2) 投机者; 投机商.

speculation
[7spekju'leiFn; 7spekjE'leFEn] n 1 (a) [U] ~ (over/about/upon/on sth) action of speculating (speculate1) 思考; 思索; 推断; 推测: * much speculation over the cause of the air crash 对飞机坠毁原因的多方推测. (b) [C] opinion reached in this way; guess 推测结论; 猜测: * My speculations proved totally wrong. 我猜想的全错了. 2 (a) [U] ~ (in sth) activity of speculating (speculate2) 投机活动: * speculation in oil 在石油业中的投机活动 * dishonest speculation in property development房地产开发中的欺诈性投机活动. (b) [C] business deal, transaction, etc involving this 投机买卖; 投机生意: * make some unprofitable speculations 做些无利可图的投机生意 * buy many shares as a speculation 买入许多股票进行投机.

speculative
[ 5spekjUlEtIv; ?@ also 5spekjEleItIv;`spZkjElEtIv, `spZkjE9letIv] adj 1 concerned with or formed by speculation(1) 思考的; 思索的; 有关推断的; 推测出的: * speculative philosophy 思辩哲学 * His conclusions are purely speculative, ie based on reasoning, not facts. 他做出的结论纯粹是推测而来的. 2 as a speculation(2) 投机的; 投机生意的: * speculative buying of grain 投机购买谷物 * speculative housing 投机性营造房屋.

sped
pt, pp of speed.

speech
[spi:tF; spitF] n 1 [U] (a) power or act of speaking 说话的能力; 说话: * Man is the only animal that has the faculty of speech. 人类是唯一有说话能力的动物. * We can express our thoughts by speech. 我们能以说话的方式表达思想. * His illness left him without the power of speech. 他病後丧失了说话能力. * freedom of speech, ie freedom to say openly in public what one thinks, eg on social and political questions 言论自由. (b) manner or way of speaking 说话的方式: * His indistinct speech made it impossible to understand him. 他口齿不清, 无法听懂他的意思. * She's doing a study of children's speech. 她正在研究儿童说话现象. * His speech was slurred: * he'd clearly been drinking. 他说话含混不清, 显然喝了酒了. 2 [C] (a) ~ (on/about sth) formal talk given to an audience 讲话; 发言; 演说: * make/deliver/give a speech 发言 * a speech on/about racism 关於种族主义的讲话 * He made a very boring after-dinner speech. 他在宴会後的讲话很枯燥. (b) (usu long) group of lines to be spoken by an actor in a play （通常指长的）台词: * I've got some very long speeches to learn in Act 2. 第2幕中我有些大段台词要记. 派生： speechless adj (a) unable to speak, esp because of strong feeling 说不出话的（尤指因激动）: speechless with surprise 惊讶得说不出话来 * Anger left him speechless. 他气得说不出话来. (b) that cannot be expressed in words 无法用言语表达的: speechless rage 无法用言语表达的愤怒. speechlessly adv: speechlessly furious 气愤得说不出话来. speechlessness n [U]. 复合： `speech-day n annual school celebration with speeches and distribution of certificates and prizes （学校一年一度的）毕业典礼日. ,speech `therapy special treatment to help people with speech problems to speak more clearly 言语治疗. ,speech `therapist person trained to provide this 言语治疗专家.

speechify
[5spi:tFifai; 5spitFE7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) [I] (infml usu derog 口, 通常作贬义) make a speech or speeches pompously; talk as if making speeches 高谈阔论; 煞有介事地讲话: * town councillors speechifying at the opening of a new building 在新大厦的启用典礼上放言高论的市镇议员.

speed
[spi:d; spid] n 1 [U] quickness of movements; swiftness 快; 迅速: * He moves with great speed. 他动作很迅速. * The tennis player's speed is his great asset. 那个网球运动员动作迅速, 这是他的一大优势. 2 [C, U] rate at which sb/sth moves 速度; 速率: * at a speed of fifty kilometres an hour 以每小时五十公里的速度 * at (a) very slow speed 以很慢的速度 * at top speed 以最高速度. 3 [C] (a) sensitivity of photographic film to light 感光度: * What's the speed of the film you're using? 你用的胶卷感光度是多少? (b) time taken by a camera shutter to open and close 快门速度: * different shutter speeds 不同的快门速度 * a photograph taken at a speed of -1-250 of a second 用-1-250秒的快门速度拍摄的照片. 4 [U] (sl 俚) amphetamine used as a drug to produce a sense of well-being and excitement 苯异丙胺, 安非他明（用以产生欣快感和兴奋感）: * He's hooked on (ie addicted to) speed. 他使用安非他明已成瘾. 5 [C] (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) gear 排挡: * a ten-speed bicycle 十速自行车. 6 (idm 习语) at speed at high speed; quickly 高速地; 快地: * It's dangerous to go round corners at speed. 高速转弯很危险. full pelt/tilt/speed => full. full speed/steam ahead => full. more haste, less speed => haste. pick up speed => pick3. a turn of speed => turn2. with all `speed/`haste as quickly as possible 尽快地. with lightning speed => lightning2. 派生： speed v (pt, pp sped/sped; sped] ; in senses 2 and 3 用於下述第2义和第3义时作 speeded) 1 [Ipr] move along or go quickly 快速行进; 疾行: * cars speeding past the school 从学校旁快速驶过的汽车 * He sped down the street. 他沿那条街快步走去. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] cause (sth) to move or go quickly 使（某事物）快速移动或行进: * This medicine will help speed her recovery. 这药能加快她康复. 3 [I] (usu in the continous tenses 通常用於进行时态) drive or go faster than the speeds allowed by law 违章超速驾驶或行驶:

speed1
* The police said he'd been speeding on the motorway. 警察说他在高速公路上违章超速行驶. 4 (phr v) speed (sth) up (cause sth to) increase speed （使某事物）加速: * They've speeded up production of the new car. 他们加快了新汽车的生产. * The train soon speeded up. 火车不久就加快了速度. speeding n [U] traffic offence of travelling at an illegal or a dangerous speed 违章超速行驶: fined 60 for speeding 因超速而被罚款60英镑. speedometer/spi:'dCmitE(r); spi'damEtl] n instrument showing the speed of a motor vehicle, etc （机动车等的）速度计: * The speedometer is faulty. 这个速度计有毛病. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xii. speedy adj (-ier, -iest) 1 (often infml 常作口语) moving quickly; fast 快速的; 迅速的: a speedy business operator 办事效率高的经营者. 2 coming, done or carried out, etc without delay 迅即的; 及早的: wish sb a speedy recovery from illness 祝某人早日康复. speedily adv. speediness n [U]: the speediness of his recovery from the accident 他在事故後的迅速康复. 复合： `speedboat n motor-boat designed to go at high speeds 快艇. `speed-indicator n (fml 文) speedometer 速度计. `speed limit highest speed at which it is legal to travel (on a particular stretch of road) （某段道路的）速度限制: What's the speed limit on the motorway? 高速公路的速度限制是多少? * The speed limit is 40 miles per hour. 规定的最高时速为40英里. `speed merchant (sl derog 俚, 贬) person who drives a car or motor bike very fast 高速驾驶汽车或摩托车的人. `speed trap system used by the police to catch motorists, etc who are driving faster than the speed limit 车速监视路段. `speedway n (a) [C] track for fast driving and racing, esp by motor-bikes 赛车跑道（尤指摩托车的）. (b) [U] sport of racing motor-bikes on such a track 摩托车赛: Do you like speedway? 你喜欢摩托车赛吗?

speed2
(c) [C] (US) road on which fast driving is allowed 高速公路. `speed-up n (infml 口) increase in speed; acceleration 加速; 加快: a speed-up in the rate of production 生产速度的提高.

speedwell
[5spi:dwel; 5spidwel] n type of small wild plant with bright blue flowers 婆婆纳（草本植物, 开鲜艳蓝花）.

speleology
(also spelaeology)[7spi:li'ClEdVi; 7spili'alEdVi] n [U] 1 scientific study and exploration of caves 洞穴学. 2 sport of walking in and exploring caves 洞穴探险（运动）. 派生：speleological (also spelae-)[7spi:liE'lCdVikl;7spiliE'ladVikEl] adj: * speleological exploration 洞穴探索. speleologist (also spelae-)[7spi:li'ClEdVist; 7spili'alEdVist] n scientist who studies caves; expert in speleology 洞穴学学者; 洞穴探险家.

spell
1[spel; spel] n 1 (a) [C] words which when spoken are thought to have magical power; charm 咒语; 咒; 符咒: * a book of spells 咒语集 * The wizard recited a spell. 那术士念了一咒. (b) [C usu sing 通常作单数] state or condition caused by the speaking of such words (used esp in the expressions shown) 被咒语镇住的状态, 中魔（尤用於以下示例）: * be under a spell, ie be in this state 被咒语镇住 * cast/put a spell on sb 对某人施魔咒. 2 [sing] great attraction, fascination, etc caused by a person or thing; strong influence 魅力; 魔力; 威势: * under the spell of her beauty 被她的美艳迷住 * the mysterious spell of music 音乐的神奇魔力. 复合： spellbinder[5spelbaindE(r); 5spel7baindl] person (esp a speaker) who can hold sb's attention completely (as if) by magic （似乎）以魔法吸引住他人注意力者; （尤指）使听者入迷的演讲者. spellbinding[-baindiN;-baindiN] adj holding the attention in this way; entrancing使人入迷的; 迷人的: * a spellbinding performance 迷住人的表演. spellbound[-baund; -7baund] adj [usu pred 通常作表语] with the attention held by, or as if by, a magical spell; entranced 着魔; 入迷; 出神: * The magician held (ie kept) the children spellbound. 魔术师把孩子都迷住了.

spelt
1 => spell3.

spend
[spend; spend] v (pt, pp spent/spent; spent] ) 1 [I, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (on/sth) give or pay out (money) for goods, services, etc 用（钱）; 花（钱）: * He spends as if he were a millionaire. 他用起钱来像个百万富翁似的. * She's spent all her money. 她把钱都花光了. * He spends too much (money) on clothes. 他在衣着上花费太大. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (on sth/in doing sth) (a) use (time, etc) for a purpose 花（时间等）: * spend a lot of time on a project/(in) explaining a plan 花很多时间进行某项目[解释某方案] * spend one's energy cleaning the place up 用力气把那地方打扫乾净. (b) use sth up; exhaust sth 用完, 耗尽（某物）: * The blizzard quickly spent itself, ie used up all its force. 暴风雪很快就停了下来. * They went on firing until they had spent all their ammunition. 他们不停地射击, 耗尽了所有的弹药. * I've spent all my energy on this. 我对此事已呕尽心血. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] pass (time) 度过, 消磨（时间）: * How do you spend your spare time? 你业馀时间怎麽打发? * spend a weekend in Paris 在巴黎过周末 * spend summer holidays by the sea 在海滨过暑假. 4 (idm 习语) spend the `night with sb (euph 婉) sleep for a night in the same bed as and have sexual intercourse with sb to whom one is not married 跟某人过一夜（与非配偶同床并发生性行为）. spend a`penny (infml euph 口, 婉) go to the toilet; urinate 去厕所; 解小便: * I'm just going to spend a penny. 我要去厕所. 派生： spender n person who spends money (usu in wayindicated by the adj) 花钱者（通常有形容词修饰）: a big/an extravagant spender 大手大脚的人[挥金如土的人] * a miserly spender 用钱很小气的人. 复合： `spendthrift n person who spends money extravagantly and wastefully 挥霍者; 败家子.

spent
[spent; spent] adj (a) [usu attrib 通常作定语] having lost power or strength; used 失去效力的; 衰竭的; 用过的: * a spent match 燃过的火柴 * a spent cartridge/bullet 空的弹壳[弹头]. (b) (fml 文) exhausted 筋疲力尽的: * He returned home spent, dirty and cold. 他回到家时筋疲力尽, 又脏又冷.

sperm
[spE:m; spEm] n 1 [C] (pl unchanged or ~s 复数或不变或作 sperms) male reproductive cell able to fertilize a female ovum 精子: * He has a low sperm count, ie He has few sperm cells and so is not very fertile. 他的精液中精子含量少. 2 [U] fertilizing fluid of a male animal containing these; semen 精液. 派生： spermicide[-isaid; -E7said] n substance that kills sperm 杀精子剂. spermicidal[7spE:mi'saidl; 7spEmE'saidEl] adj [attrib 作定语]: * spermicidal jelly 杀精膏.

sperm whale
[5spE:m weil; 5spEm 7hwel] n large whale producing spermaceti 抹香鲸.

spermaceti
[7spE:mE'seti; 7spEmE'seti] n [U] white waxy fatty substance contained in solution in the heads of sperm whales, used (esp formerly) for ointments, candles, etc 鲸蜡; 鲸脑油.

spermatozoon
[7spE:mEtE'zEuEn; 7spEmEtE'zoEn] n (pl -zoa[-'zEuE; -'zoE] ) (biology 生) sperm 精子; 精液.

spew
[spju:; spju] v 1 [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (out/up) (esp infml 尤作口语) vomit 呕吐: * spewing up in the basin 呕吐到盥洗盆里 * She spewed up the entire meal. 她把那顿饭全吐出来了. 2 [Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ out; ~ sth (out) (cause sth to) send out in a stream （使某事物）喷出, 射出: * Water spewed out of the hole. 水从孔中射出. * The volcano spewed molten lava. 火山喷出了熔岩.

sphagnum
[5sfAgnEm; 5sfAgnEm] n (pl ~s or sphagna[5sfgnE; 5sfAgnE] ) type of moss that grows in wet areas, used esp for packing plants 泥炭藓（尤用於包裹植物）.

sphere
[sfiE(r); sfir] n 1 (a) solid figure that is entirely round (ie with every point on the surface at an equal distance from the centre) 球体; 球形. =>illus at cube 见cube插图. (b) any object having approximately this shape (eg a ball, a globe) 球状物. 2 (a) range or extent (of sb's interests, activity, influence, etc) （某人的兴趣、 活动、 影响等的）范围: * a sphere of influence, eg area over which a country, etc claims certain rights 势力范围（如一国的） * Her sphere of interests is very limited. 她的爱好很有限. (b) group in society; person's place in society 社会阶层; 社会地位: * It took him completely out of his sphere. 这件事完全超出了他的生活范围了. * distinguished in many different spheres, eg in artistic, literary and political circles 在许多领域出众（如艺术、 文学、 政治等方面）. 派生： spherical[5sferikl; 5sferikl] adj shaped like a sphere 球形的; 球状的; 球面的: * a spherical object 球状的物体. spheroid[5sfiErCid; 5sfirCid] n solid object that is almost, but not perfectly, spherical 扁球体; 椭形球.

sphincter
[5sfiNktE(r); 5sfiNktl] n (fml 文) ring of muscle that surrounds an opening in the body and can contract to close it 括约肌: * the anal sphincter 肛门括约肌.

sphinx
[sfiNks; sfiNks] n 1 (esp 尤作 the Sphinx) stone statue in Egypt with a lion's body and a man's or an animal's head 斯芬克斯（埃及的狮身人面或狮身兽面石像）. 2 person who keeps his thoughts and feelings secret; enigmatic person 内心世界不外露的人; 谜一样的人: * I've always found her rather sphinx-like. 我总觉得她像个谜一样, 难以捉摸.

spice
[spais; spais] n 1 (a) [C] any of various types of substance obtained from plants, with a strong taste and/or smell, used, esp in powder form, for flavouring food 香料（从植物中提取而得, 尤指粉状的）: * Ginger, nutmeg, cinnamon, pepper and cloves are common spices. 姜、 肉豆蔻、 肉桂、 胡椒、 丁香都是常用的香料. (b) [U] such substances considered as a group 香料（总称）: * mixed spice 混合香料 * too much spice in the cake 糕饼中香料太多 * [attrib 作定语] a spice jar 香料瓶. 2 [U] (fig 比喻) extra interest or excitement 额外的趣味或刺激性的事物: * a story that lacks spice 乏味的故事 * add a bit of spice to their marriage 给他们的婚姻增添了些微情趣. Cf 参看 salt 5. 派生： spice v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) 1 add flavour to sth with spice 用香料给某物调味: Have you spiced this cake? 这蛋糕中加香料了吗? * He spiced the biscuits with cinnamon. 他在饼乾里加了肉桂. 2 (usu passive 通常用於被动语态) add (humour, etc) to give interest, variety, etc 加入（幽默成分等）以增添趣味、 新鲜感等: a boring life spiced with moments of intrigue 除了几件秘史点缀外枯燥无味的一生 * His stories are spiced with humour. 他的小说里有很多幽默风趣的片断. spiced adj containing spice(1) or spices 含香料的: heavily spiced curries 味道浓的咖喱食品 * spiced biscuits 香味饼乾. spicy adj (-ier, -iest) 1 flavoured with spice; smelling or tasting of spice 用香料调味的; 有香料味的; 辛辣的: Do you like spicy food? 你喜欢吃辣的食物吗? 2 exciting or interesting (esp because slightly indecent or scandalous) 有刺激性的, 有趣味的（尤指有些猥亵或丑事成分的）: spicy details of a film star's love life 某影星的桃色底蕴. spiciness n [U]: the spiciness of Indian food 印度菜的辛辣.

spick
[spik; spik] adj (idm 习语) ,spick and `span [usu pred 通常作表语] neat, clean and tidy 整洁: * They always keep their kitchen spick and span. 他们的厨房总是很整洁.

spider
[5spaidE(r); 5spaidl] n any of several types of small creature with eight thin legs, many of which spin webs to trap insects as food 蜘蛛. 派生： spidery[5spaidEri; 5spaidEri] adj 1 (esp of handwriting) having thin angular lines like a spider's legs （尤指笔迹）细长而有棱角的: * written in her spidery scrawl 她用细长而潦草的字体写的. 2 full of spiders 有很多蜘蛛的. 复合： `spider-man[-mn; -mAn] n (pl -men[-men; -men] ) man who works at a great height in constructing buildings 高空作业的建 工人. `spider plant plant with thin leaves and long stems from which fresh young plants grow 醉蝶花属植物.

spied
pt, pp of spy.

spiel
[Fpi:l; - spi:l; spil] n (infml usu derog 口, 通常作贬义) long or fast prepared speech (usu intended to persuade sb or as an excuse) 滔滔不绝的讲话（通常为说服某人或用作藉口）: * The salesman gave (us) a long spiel about why we should buy his product. 推销员口若悬河, 说我们应该买他的东西.

spigot
[5spigEt; 5spigEt] n (usu wooden) peg or plug used to stop the hole of a barrel, etc or to control the flow of liquid from a tap （通常为木质的）塞子.

spike
[spaik; spaik] n 1 [C] hard thin pointed piece of metal, wood, etc; sharp point （金属、 木质等的）尖状物, 尖头: * sharp spikes on top of the railings in the park 公园栏杆上的尖头. 2 (a) [C] any of a set of metal points attached to the sole of a shoe, etc to prevent the wearer slipping while running in sports, etc （鞋底的）防滑钉. (b) spikes [pl] running-shoes fitted with these 钉鞋: * a pair of spikes 一双钉鞋. 3 [C] long metal nail or pin （金属的）长钉, 长针, 大钉. 4 [C] ear (of corn, etc) （玉米等的）穗: * spikes of barley 大麦穗. 5 [C] long pointed group of flowers on a single stem 穗状花: * spikes of lavender 薰衣草的穗状花. 派生： spike v [Tn] 1 (usu passive 通常用於被动语态) put spikes on (shoes, etc) 给（鞋等）装上钉: spiked running shoes 带钉的跑鞋. 2 pierce or injure with a spike 用尖 物刺或伤害. 3 (esp US) = lace v 2. 4 (idm 习语) spike sb's `guns spoil the plans of (an opponent) 破坏（对手）的计画. spiky adj (-ier, -iest) 1 having sharp points or spikes 有尖刺的: Your hairbrush is too spiky for me. 你的发刷我觉得太尖了. 2 (infml fig 口, 比喻) (of people) easily offended and difficult to please; irritable （指人）难对付的, 难取悦的, 易怒的. spikiness n [U].

spill
1[spil; spil] v (pt, pp spilt/spilt; spilt] or spilled) =>Usage at dream2 用法见dream2. 1 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (from, out of, etc sth); ~ out (allow or cause liquid, etc to) run or fall over the edge of a container 流出; 溢出; 出: * The ink spilt all over the desk. 墨水 了一桌子. * He knocked the bucket over and all the water spilt out. 他撞翻了水桶, 水全流出去了. * Who has spilt/spilled the milk? 谁把牛奶泼出来了? =>illus at pour 见pour插图. 2 [Tn] (infml 口) reveal or make sth known 泄漏某事物: * Who spilt the news? 是谁把这消息捅出去的? 3 (idm 习语) cry over spilt milk => cry1. spill the `beans (infml 口) reveal (esp secret) information, deliberately or unintentionally （故意地或无意地）泄露（尤指秘密的）信息. spill `blood (fml 文) (cause people to) be injured or killed; shed blood （使人）受伤, 被杀, 流血: * Much innocent blood is spilt in war. 许多无辜的人在战争中受伤或死亡. 4 (phr v) spill over overflow from sth that is full 从某物中溢出: * The meeting spilt over from the hall into the corridor. 参加会议的人从大厅到走廊挤得水泄不通. 派生： spill n 1 fall from a horse, bicycle, etc （从马、 自行车等上）跌下: have a nasty spill 重重地摔了下来. 2 (idm 习语) thrills and spills => thrill n. spillage[5spilidV; 5spilidV] n (a) [U] action of spilling 溢出; 泼出; 出. (b) [C] amount spilt 溢出量; 出量: * spillages of drink 饮料 出的量. 复合： `spillway n passage for surplus water from a reservoir, river, etc 溢洪道; 泄洪道.

spin
[spin; spin] v (-nn-; pt spun/spQn; spQn] or, in archaic use, 古语拼作 span/spn; spAn] , pp spun) 1 (a) [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (round) make sth turn round and round rapidly 使某物快速旋转: * spin the ball, eg in cricket or tennis 打旋转球（如板球或网球中） * spin a top 转陀螺 * He spun the wheel of his bicycle. 他快速转动自行车的轮子. * They spun a coin to decide who should start, ie threw it spinning in the air to see which side was uppermost when it landed. 他们抛转硬币来决定谁开场. (b) [I, Ipr, Ip] move round and round rapidly 快速旋转: * The revolving sign was spinning round and round in the wind. 旋转的标志牌在风中打着旋儿. * The collision sent the car spinning across the road. 汽车被撞得转着圈儿冲到路的另一边. * The blow sent him spinning back against the wall. 他被打得晕头转向, 撞在後面的墙上. * She spun round to catch the ball. 她飞快地转身接球. * (fig 比喻) My head is spinning, ie I feel dizzy. 我头晕. 2 (a) [I, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (A into B)[(B from A) form (thread) from wool, cotton, silk, etc by drawing out and twisting; make (yarn) from wool, etc in this way 纺（线）; 纺（纱）: * She spins goat's hair into wool/spins wool from goat's hair. 她把山羊毛纺成毛线. (b) [I] engage in the occupation or pastime of spinning thread 纺纱（为业或消遣）: * I enjoy spinning. 我喜欢纺纱. 3 [Tn] (of a spider, silkworm, etc) produce (fine silk or silk-like material) from the body in order to make (a web, cocoon, etc) （指蜘蛛等）结（网）; （指蚕等）吐丝做（茧）: * spiders spinning their webs 结网的蜘蛛 * silkworms spinning cocoons 做茧的蚕. 4 (idm 习语) spin (sb) a `yarn tell a (usu long) story, often in order to deceive sb 讲故事（通常很长, 常用以蒙人）: * The old sailor loves to spin yarns about his life at sea. 那老水手爱信口开河地讲他的航海生涯.

spin1
* He spun us this unlikely yarn about being trapped for hours in a broken lift. 他对我们胡诌在坏电梯中困了几个小时. 5 (phr v) spin along (sth) move along rapidly on wheels （车辆）疾驰: * The car was spinning merrily along (the road). 汽车（沿路）轻快地奔驰着. spin sth out make sth last as long as possible 使某事物尽量延长或拖延: * spin out the time by talking 靠说话来拖延时间 * spin one's money out until the next pay-day 省着花钱以维持到发工资那天. 派生： spin n 1 [U, C] turning or spinning movement 旋转: [attrib 作定语] spin bowling 投旋球 * The bowler gave (a) spin to the ball, eg in cricket, baseball, etc. 投球手发了一个旋球（如在板球、 棒球等运动中）. * He gambled his money on one spin of the wheel, eg at a game of roulette. 他把钱压在（轮盘赌等的）一局上. 2 [C usu sing 通常作单数] fast spinning movement of an aircraft during a diving descent （飞行器的）旋冲: go/get into a spin 进入旋冲状态 * come/get out of a spin 脱离旋冲状态. 3 [C] (infml 口) short ride for pleasure (in a car, on a bicycle, etc) （乘汽车、 骑自行车等）兜风: Let's go for a spin in my new car. 坐我的新汽车兜一圈吧. 4 (idm 习语) in a (flat) `spin in a state of panic or confusion 惊慌失措; 晕头转向: I've been in a real spin all morning. 我整个上午都晕头转向的. spinner 1 person who makes thread, etc by spinning 纺纱者; 纺纱工: spinners and weavers 纺纱工和织布工. 2 (a) = spin bowler. (b) cricket ball bowled with a spinning movement （板球的）旋球. spinning n [U] art, occupation or pastime of spinning wool, etc into yarn 纺纱: Spinning is one of my hobbies. 我很喜爱纺纱. * [attrib 作定语] spinning wool/thread/yarn 纺出的毛线[线/纱]. ,spinning-`jenny n early type of machine for spinning more than one thread at a time 詹妮纺纱机（初期的多轴纺纱机）. `spinning-wheel n simple household machine for spinning thread continuously on a spindle turned by a large wheel, usu worked by a foot pedal 纺车（通常为脚踏的）.

spin2
复合： `spin bowler (also spinner) (in cricket) bowler who gives the ball a spinning movement （板球中）投出旋转球者. ,spin-`dry v (pt, pp -dried) [Tn] dry (washed clothes) by spinning them in a rotating drum to remove excess water 给（洗好的衣物）用旋转式脱水机脱水; 甩乾. ,spin-`drier n machine for doing this 旋转式脱水机; 甩乾机. `spin-off n benefit or product that is produced incidentally from a larger process, or while it is being developed 副产品; 派生物: This new material is a spin-off from the space industry. 这种新材料是航天工业的副产品. spun `glass glass made into threads by being spun while heated 玻璃纤维. spun `silk cheap material made from short threads and waste pieces of silk, often mixed with cotton 绢丝纺绸. spun `sugar sugar made into fluffy threads by being spun when in a thick liquid form 棉花糖. Cf 参看 candy-floss (candy).

spina bifida
[7spainE 'bifidE; 7spainE 'bifidE] (medical 医) condition in which certain bones of the spine are not properly developed at birth and allow parts of the spinal cord to protrude (causing severe disability) 脊柱裂.

spinach
[5spinidV; - -itF; 5spinitF] n [U] type of common garden plant with wide dark-green leaves that are cooked and eaten as a vegetable 菠菜: * [attrib 作定语] spinach soup 菠菜汤.

spinal
[5spainl; 5spainl] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of or relating to the spine 脊柱的; 与脊柱相关的: * a spinal injury 脊柱受伤. 复合： ,spinal `column backbone; spine 脊梁骨; 脊柱. ,spinal `cord mass of nerve fibres enclosed in the spine 脊髓.

spindle
[5spindl; 5spindl] n 1 thin rod on which thread is twisted or wound by hand in spinning 纺锤; 锭子. 2 bar or pin which turns or on which sth (eg an axle or a shaft) turns 转 ; 轴; 心轴. 派生： spindly[5spindli; 5spindli] adj (infml sometimes derog 口, 有时作贬义) very long or tall and thin 细长的; 又高又瘦的: * a young foal with spindly legs 细长腿的小驹子 * a few spindly plants 几棵细长的花草.

spine
[spain; spain] n 1 row of bones along the back of humans and some animals; backbone 脊柱; 脊椎: * He sustained an injury to his spine when he fell off his horse. 他从马上摔下来, 伤了脊梁骨. =>illus at skeleton 见skeleton插图. 2 any of the sharp needle-like parts on some plants (eg cactuses) and animals (eg porcupines, hedgehogs) （仙人掌等的）刺; （豪猪、 刺碠等的）刺毛. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page iii. 3 back part of the cover of a book, where the pages are joined together (ie the part that is visible when it is in a row on a shelf, usu with the book's title on it) 书脊. 派生： spineless adj 1 (of an animal, etc) having no spine(1); invertebrate （指动物等）无脊椎的. 2 (fig derog 比喻, 贬) (of people) weak, cowardly or easilyfrightened （指人）软弱的, 胆小的, 无骨气的. spinelesslyadv. spinelessness n [U]. spiny adj (-ier, -iest) full of or covered with spines (spine 2); prickly 长满刺的; 多刺的; 带刺的: a spiny fish 鳍上多刺的鱼. 复合： `spine-chiller n book, film, etc that is frightening in a thrilling way 令人毛骨悚然的书、 电影等. `spine-chilling adj: a spine-chilling horror story 令人毛骨悚然的恐怖小说.

spinet
[spi'net; - 'spinit; 5spinit] n old type of musical instrument with a keyboard, similar to a harpsichord 古钢琴.

spinnaker
[5spinEkE(r); 5spinEkl] n large triangular extra sail carried on the mainmast of a racing-yacht, used when sailing with the wind coming from behind the boat （赛艇的）大叁角帆（顺风时用）. =>illus at yacht 见yacht插图.

spinney
[5spini; 5spini] n (Brit) small wood with thick undergrowth; thicket 矮树林; 灌木林.

spinster
[5spinstE(r); 5spinstl] n (a) (law or fml 律或文) unmarried woman 未婚女子. (b) (often derog 常作贬义) woman who remains single after the usual age for marrying 老处女. Cf 参看 bachelor 1. 派生： spinsterhood[-hud; -7hud] n [U] state of being a spinster 未婚女子身分; 老处女身分.

spiral
[5spaiErEl; 5spairEl] adj advancing or ascending in a continuous curve that winds round a central point 螺旋形的; 盘旋的: * a spiral staircase 螺旋式楼梯 * A snail's shell is spiral in form. 蜗牛壳是螺旋形的. 派生： spiral n 1 (a) spiral line 螺线. (b) object that has a spiral shape 螺旋状的物体. 2 continuous increase or decrease in two or more quantities alternately because each depends on the other(s) 互为前提的至少两个量之间的交替上升或下降: an inflationary spiral 螺旋式上升的通胀 * the spiral of rising wages and prices 工资和物价的交替上升. 3 (idm 习语) a vicious spiral => vicious. spiral v (-ll-; US also -l-) 1 [Ipr, Ip] move in a spiral course 螺旋形移动; 盘旋移动: The falling leaf spiralled to the ground. 落叶盘旋着飘到了地上. * The smoke spiralled upwards. 那股烟袅袅上升. 2 [I, Ip] increase or decrease continuously 连续增长或减少: Prices are still spiralling, ie increasing rapidly. 物价仍在急剧上涨. spirally adv: a spirally bound book, ie with its pages held together by wire bent spirally 用螺旋丝装订的书.

spire
[5spaiE(r); 5spair] n pointed structure in the form of a tall cone or pyramid, esp on a church tower （圆锥形或角锥形的）尖顶; （尤指）教堂塔尖: * a magnificent view of the spires of the city 全城建 物尖顶尽收眼底的美景. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page viii.

spirit
[5spirit; 5spirit] n 1 [U, C] person's mind or feelings as distinct from his body; soul 精神; 心灵: * He is troubled in spirit/His spirit is troubled. 他内心苦恼. 2 [C] soul thought of as separate from the body; soul without a body; ghost 魂; 灵魂; 鬼魂; 鬼: * the spirits of the dead 亡灵 * raise spirits, ie communicate with dead people 招魂 * It was believed that people could be possessed by evil spirits. 据说人能中邪. * [attrib 作定语] the spirit world 阴界. 3 [C] (dated 旧) supernatural creature; elf, fairy, etc 超自然的生物（精灵、 仙子等）. 4 [U, C] life and consciousness not associated with a body 神灵: * tribal beliefs that spirit is everywhere and in everything 认为神灵无所不在、 无事不有的部落信仰 * God is pure spirit. 上帝纯粹是灵. * the Holy Spirit 圣灵. 5 [C] (always with an adj 必须与形容词连用) person (of a specified type, emotion, temper, etc) （某类型的或有某种情感、 脾气等的）人: * a brave, proud, generous, mean, etc spirit 勇敢的、 骄傲的、 慷慨的、 小气的...人 * He was one of the leading spirits of the reform movement. 他是改革运动的先行者. * She's an independent spirit. 她是有独立性的人. 6 [U] willingness to assert oneself; courage; liveliness 志气; 勇气; 活力; 精神: * He answered with spirit. 他回答得很带劲儿. * break sb's spirit, ie destroy sb's will, sense of independence, etc 挫败某人的锐气 * Although they lost, the team played with tremendous spirit. 那队输是输了, 但却表现了极其顽强的精神. 7 [sing] state of mind or mood; attitude 心态; 心理; 态度: * do sth in a spirit of mischief 以恶作剧的心理做某事 * approach sth in the wrong/right spirit 以错误的[正确的]态度对待某事物 * Whether it was unwise or not depends upon the spirit in which it was done. 这件事可取与否全在於做这件事的态度.

spirit1
* The party was successful because everyone entered into the spirit of the thing. 这次聚会因大家积极参与所以很成功. 8 (a) [sing] characteristic quality or mood of sth 某事物的特点或气氛: * the spirit of the times 时代气息 * the 16th-century spirit of exploration 16世纪的探险风. (b) [U] real or intended meaning or purpose 实质的含义或宗旨: * obey the spirit, not the letter (ie the apparent meaning of the words) of the law 遵循法律的宗旨, 而不拘泥其中的文字. 9 (a) [C usu pl 通常作复数] strong distilled alcoholic drink 烈酒: * I don't drink spirits. 我不喝烈酒. * Whisky, brandy, gin and rum are all spirits. 威士忌、 白兰地、 杜松子酒、 朗姆酒都是烈酒. (b) [U] distilled alcohol for industrial, etc use 酒精; 乙醇: * white spirit 石油溶剂 * surgical spirit 消毒酒精 * methylated spirit(s) 甲基化酒精. 10 spirits [pl] person's feelings or state of mind 精神状态; 情绪; 心境: * in high spirits, ie cheerful 情绪高 * in low/poor spirits, ie depressed, gloomy 情绪低 * raise sb's spirits, ie make sb more cheerful 鼓舞某人的情绪 * Have a glass of brandy to keep your spirits up. 来杯白兰地提提神吧. 11 (idm 习语) in spirit in one's thoughts 在内心; 在精神上: * I shall be with you in spirit, ie thinking about you though not with you physically. 我的心和你在一起. a kindred spirit => kindred. the ,spirit is `willing (but the ,flesh is `weak) (saying 谚) one's intentions and wishes are good but laziness, love of pleasure, etc prevent one from acting according to them 心馀力绌. 派生： spirit v (phr v) spirit sb/sth away/off take or carry sb/sth away quickly, secretly or mysteriously (as if magic) 迅速地、 偷偷地或神秘地带走某人[某物]; 诱拐; 诱带: The pop-star was spirited away at the end of the concert before her fans could get near her. 音乐会一结束, 那位流行乐曲歌手没等歌迷接近她就没影儿了.

spirit2
spirited[5spiritid; 5spiritid] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] full of spirit(6); lively; forceful 精神饱满的; 活跃的; 猛烈的: * a spirited attack, reply, conversation 猛烈的攻击、 响亮的回答、 活跃的交谈 * a spirited horse 勇猛的马. spiritedly adv. -spirited (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having the mood or state of mind specified 有某种情绪的; 处於某种心境的; 心地...的: ,mean-`spirited *,high-spirited `children. spiritless adj 1 without spirit(6); not having or showing liveliness or courage 没精打采的; 沉闷的; 胆小的. 2 depressed or unhappy 沮丧的; 不快活的: The old man seemed dejected and spiritless. 那老汉显出一副垂头丧气的潦倒相. 复合： `spirit-lamp n lamp that burns methylated spirit or a similar fuel 酒精灯. `spirit-level n glass tube partly filled with water or alcohol, with a bubble of air, used to test whether sth is horizontal by means of the position of the bubble 酒精水准仪.

spiritual
[5spiritFuEl; 5spiritFuEl] adj [usu attrib 通常作 定语] 1 of the human spirit(4) or soul; not of physical things 精神的; 心灵的; 非物质的: * concerned about sb's spiritual welfare 关心某人精神上的幸福. Cf 参看 material2. 2 (a) of the Church or of religion 教会的;宗教的: * The Pope is the spiritual leader of many Christians.教皇是众多基督徒的宗教领袖. (b) of or from God; divine 上帝的; 神的; 神授的; 天赐的. Cf 参看 temporal1.3 (idm 习语) one's spiritual `home place where one is, or thinks one could be, happiest; country to which one feels more strongly attached than to one's own country 乐土; 心灵上的祖国. 派生： spiritual n (also Negro `spiritual) religious folk-song of the type originally sung by black slaves in America （原先由美国黑奴唱的）黑人圣歌. spirituality[7spiritFu'AlEti; 7spiritFu'AlEti] n [U] state or quality of being concerned with spiritual matters; devotion to spiritual things 精神性; 灵性; 信仰. spiritually[-tFuli; -tFuli] adv: * a spiritually impoverished culture 精神枯竭的文化.

spiritualism
[5spiritFuElizEm; 5spiritFuEl7izEm] n [U] belief in the possibility of receiving messages from the spirits of the dead; practices based on this belief 唯灵论; 阴阳界相通论; 招魂术. 派生： spiritualist[-ist; -ist] n person who believes in or practises spiritualism 唯灵论者; 相信阴阳界相通者; 招魂术士; 关亡人; 巫师.

spirituous
[5spiritFuEs; 5spiritFuEs] adj (of a drink) containing much alcohol （指饮料）酒精含量高的: * spirituous liquors, ie those that are distilled and not only fermented 烈性酒.

spit
1[spit; spit] v (-tt-; pt, pp spat/spt; spAt] ; also esp US spit) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (out) (at/on/onto sb/sth) send (liquid, saliva, food, etc) out from the mouth 吐出（液体、 唾液、 食物等）: * He was spitting blood after being hit in the mouth. 他嘴上挨了打之後, 吐出血来. * The baby spat its food (out) onto the table. 婴儿把吃进去的东西吐在桌子上了. * He took one sip of the wine and spat it out. 他抿了一口酒, 又吐了出来. 2 [I, Ipr] (a) send saliva from the mouth 吐口水; 吐唾沫; 吐痰: * In many countries it is considered rude to spit in public. 在许多国家, 当众吐痰属不雅行为. * He's inclined to spit when he talks quickly. 他说话说快了就爱喷唾沫星. * The boys were spitting out of the train window. 那些男孩子向火车窗外吐口水. (b) do this as a sign of contempt or anger 啐唾沫（以示鄙夷或愤怒）: * She spat at him/in his face. 她向他[他的脸上]啐了一口唾沫. 3 (a) [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (out) utter sth violently or forcefully 厉声说出某事: * She spat (out) curses at me. 她厉声咒骂我. (b) [I, Ipr] make a noise like spitting to show anger 发出啐唾沫的声音以示愤怒: * He walked off spitting with fury. 他发出呸的声音生气地走了. * The cat spat at the dog. 那只猫朝着狗发出呼呼声. 4 [I] (of afire, hot fat, etc) make a spitting noise; throw out sparks, etc violently and noisily （指火、 熬热的油脂等）毕剥作响, 看啪作响; （尤指猛烈、 大声地）迸出火花: * fried bacon spitting in the pan 在锅内看啪作响的煎腌肉 * The gun spat twice and he fell dead. 乒乒两枪, 他应声扑地身亡. 5 [I] (infml 口) (used with it, in the continuous tenses 与it连用, 用於进行时态) rain lightly 下小雨: * It's not raining heavily any more, but it's still spitting a bit. 大雨已经停了, 但是还在飘着小雨. 6 (idm 习语) be the (very/spitting) image of sb/sth => image. spit it `out (infml 口) say what you want to say quickly and concisely 爽快地说出来:

spit1
* `What exactly are you trying to tell me? Come on, spit it out!’ ‘你到底想跟我说什麽? 你就爽快点说出来吧!’ 派生： spit n 1 [U] liquid in the mouth; saliva 口水; 唾液. 2 [C usu sing 通常作单数] act of spitting 吐唾沫; 吐痰. 3 [U] white frothy liquid produced by some insects and found on plants, etc （某些昆虫留在植物等上的）白色泡沫状分泌物. 4 (idm 习语) be the dead spit of sb => dead. spit and `polish thorough cleaning and polishing of equipment, esp by soldiers 对设备（尤指军用装备）彻底的擦洗. 复合： `spitfire n person with a very fiery temper 烈性子的人.

spite
[spait; spait] n 1 [U] desire to hurt, annoy or offend another person; ill will 恶意; 坏心: * I'm sure he only said it out of/from spite. 我肯定他说这话完全是出於恶意. 2 (idm 习语) in spite of (used as a prep 用作介词) not being prevented by (sb/sth); regardless of; despite 不顾（某人[某事物]）; 不管; 尽管: * They went out in spite of the rain. 尽管下着雨, 他们还是出去了. * In spite of all his efforts he failed. 他已竭尽全力, 但仍然失败了. 派生： spite v 1 [Tn] (only used in the infinitive with to 仅用於带to的不定式中) injure, annoy or offend (sb) because of spite 恶意地伤害、 惹怒或冒犯（某人）: The neighbours play their radio loudly every afternoon just to spite us. 邻居每天下午把收音机的音量开得很大, 向我们泄愤. 2 (idm 习语) cut off one's nose to spite one's face => nose1. spiteful[-fl; -fEl] adj showing or caused by spite; full of spite 恶意的; 怀恨的: * a spiteful comment 恶意的评论 * He's just being spiteful. 他心怀恶意. spitefully[-fEli; -fEli] adv. spitefulness n [U].

spittle
[5spitl; 5spitl] n [U] liquid that forms in the mouth; saliva 口水; 唾液; 痰.

spittoon
[spi'tu:n; spi'tun] n container for spitting into, eg in a bar 痰盂.

spiv
[spiv; spiv] n (Brit sl derog 俚, 贬) flashily dressed man who has no regular job but makes money by (usu dishonest) business dealings 衣冠楚楚、 无固定工作的人（通常做黑市买卖者）. > spivish adj.

splash
[splAF; splAF] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (about) (on/onto/over sb/sth); ~ sb/sth (with sth) cause (a liquid) to fly about in drops; make sb/sth wet in this way 使（液体）溅起; 溅湿某人[某物]: * Stop splashing me! 别再溅我了! * splash water on/over the floor 把水 在地板上 * splash paint onto the canvas 把颜料泼在画布上 * splash the floor with water 用水把地板泼湿 * splash water about 四处泼水 * The children love splashing water over each other. 儿童喜欢互相泼水. =>Usage at spray2 用法见spray2. 2 [I, Ipr, Ip] (of a liquid) fly about and fall in drops （指液体）溅落: * Water splashed into the bucket from the tap. 水从龙头里喷溅着注入水桶中. * The rain splashed down all day. 雨看里啪啦下了一整天. 3 [usu passive 通常用於被动语态: * Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) decorate sth with large or irregular patches of colour, paint, etc 以大片的或不规则的颜色等装饰某物: * a bath towel splashed with blue and green 有绿色和蓝色大花的浴巾. 4 [Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (about) (across, on, etc sth) (a) display (a news story, photograph, etc) prominently 显眼地展示（新闻报道、 照片等）: * The story was splashed across the front page of the newspaper. 这篇报道刊登在报纸头版显着位置. (b) spend (money) freely and ostentatiously 大手大脚地花（钱）: * He thinks he can win friends by splashing his money about. 他以为花钱大方就可以赢得朋友. 5 (phr v) splash about (in sth) sit or stand in water and make it fly about with one's hands or feet （坐在或站在水里）用手或脚溅水: * children happily splashing about in the bath 在浴缸里快活地溅着水玩的孩子. splash across, along, away, through, etc move across, etc with a splashing noise 带着泼溅声走过等: * We splashed (our way) across the stream. 我们哗啦哗啦地产尚过小河. * She splashed through the puddles. 她哗哗地产尚过水坑. splash down

splash1
(esp of a spacecraft) land in water with a splash （尤指宇宙飞船）溅落: * The spacecraft splashed down in the Pacific. 那艘宇宙飞船溅落在太平洋中. splash out (on sth) (infml 口) spend money (on sth) in an impulsive or a carefree way 心血来潮地或随意地花钱（於某事物上）: * She splashed out on a new pair of shoes. 她心血来潮买了一双新鞋. 派生： splash n 1 (sound or act of) splashing 溅泼声; 溅泼: He fell into the water with a splash. 他扑通一声跌入水中. 2 mark, spot, etc made by splashing 溅上的斑点 等: There are some splashes of mud on your trousers. 你的裤子溅上泥点了. 3 amount of liquid splashed 溅泼的量: splashes of water all over the floor 溅得一地板的水. 4 bright patch of colour 鲜艳的色斑: Her dog is brown with white splashes. 她的狗是带白花的黄狗. 5 (dated Brit infml 旧, 口) small quantity of a liquid, esp of soda-water, added to a drink （搀入饮料中的）少量液体（尤指苏打水）. 6 (idm 习语) make, etc a `splash (infml 口) do sth or happen in such a way as to attract attention, create a sensation, etc 惹人注目; 引起轰动: She has made quite a splash in literary circles with her first book. 她的第一本书在文学界大为轰动. * Their engagement created a terrific splash in the popular press. 他俩订婚的事在广受欢迎的新闻界极为轰动. 复合： `splash-down n landing of a spacecraft in the sea （航天器的）溅落: Splash-down is scheduled for 5.30 am. 航天器的预定溅落时间为上午5时30分.

splatter
[5splAtE(r); 5splAtl] v [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (cause sth to) splash, esp with continuous or noisy action （使某物）溅泼（尤指连续地或发出声响）: * rain splattering on the roof 劈里啪啦打在屋顶上的雨点 * overalls splattered with paint 溅上了颜料的长罩衫. =>Usage at spray2 用法见spray2.

splay
[splei; sple] v [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (out) (cause sth to) open out and become wider at one end; (cause sth to) slant or slope （使某物）张开, 展开一端; （使某物）倾斜, 成斜面: * The pipe splays (out) at one end. 管子一端呈喇叭形. * The plumber splayed the end of the pipe before fitting it over the next section. 铅管工把管口撑大後套在另一截管子上. * splayed feet/fingers/elbows, ie spread outwards 八字脚[张开的手指/向外撑的胳膊肘儿] * a splayed window, eg one in a thick wall with the opening on one side of the wall wider than that on the other 斜展形窗户（如开在厚墙上的, 窗口一面宽一面窄）. 派生： splay adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (esp of feet) broad, flat and turned outwards （尤指脚）扁平外翻的: He has splay feet. 他是外八字脚. ,splay-`footed adj having splay feet 八字脚的; 外翻足的.

spleen
[spli:n; splin] n 1 [C] organ of the body situated at the left of the stomach, which regulates the quality of the blood 脾; 脾脏. =>illus at digestive 见digestive插图. 2 [U] (fml or dated 文或旧) bad temper; irritability or grumpiness 坏脾气; 怒气; 怨气: * a fit of spleen 一阵怒气 * vent one's spleen on sb 对某人发脾气.

splendid
[5splendid; 5splendid] adj 1 magnificent; displaying splendour 华丽的; 壮丽的; 堂皇的; 辉煌的: * a splendid sunset, house, victory 壮观的日落景色、 堂皇的房子、 辉煌的胜利. 2 (infml 口) very fine; excellent 极好的; 绝妙的: * a splendid dinner 美餐 * a splendid idea, achievement, piece of writing 极好的主意、 成就、 文章.

splendiferous
[splen'difErEs; splen'difErEs] adj (infmljoc 口, 谑) splendid 极好的; 了不起的.

splendour
(US splendor)[5splendE(r); 5splendl] n (a) [U] state or quality of being splendid, magnificent, glorious, or grand 华丽; 壮观; 辉煌; 光辉: * the splendour of the stained glass windows 彩色玻璃窗之华丽 * Can the city recapture its former splendour? 这座城市还能重现其往昔的光辉吗? (b) splendours [pl] splendid, magnificent, etc features or attributes of sth 华丽、 壮观等的特质: * the spendours of Rome, ie its fine monuments, buildings, sights, etc 罗马的壮观.

splenetic
[spli'netik; spli'netik] adj (fml 文) habitually grumpy and irritable 脾气坏的; 乖戾的; 易怒的.

splice
[splais; splais] v [Tn] 1 (nautical 海) join (two ends of rope) by weaving the strands of one into the strands of the other 捻接（绳头）. 2 join (two pieces of wood, magnetic tape, film, etc) by fastening them at the ends 拼接（木片、 磁带、 胶片等）. 3 (idm 习语) get `spliced (infml 口) get married 结婚: * Have you heard?John's just got spliced. 听说了吗? 约翰刚结了婚. ,splicethe `mainbrace (infml joc 口, 谑) celebrate (esp the end of a hard day's work) by drinking or distributing strong alcoholic drink （尤指辛苦一天後）喝酒乐一乐, 分发酒让大家乐一乐. 派生： splice n join (in a film, tape, rope, etc) made by splicing （胶片、 磁带、 绳索等的）拼接, 捻接, 拼接处, 捻接处. splicer n device for joining two pieces of magnetic tape, film, etc （磁带、 胶片等的）接合器.

splint
[splint; splint] n piece of wood, metal, etc strapped to an injured arm, leg, etc to keep it in the right position while it heals （用以固定受伤肢体的）夹板: * put an arm in splints 给胳膊上夹板.

splinter
[5splintE(r); 5splintl] n small thin sharp piece of wood, metal, glass, etc broken off a larger piece （木头、 金属、 玻璃等的）带尖儿的小碎片: * I've got a splinter in my finger. 我手指扎了根刺. 派生： splinter v 1 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (into/to sth); ~ (sth) off (cause sth to) break into splinters （使某物）裂成碎片: This wood splinters easily. 这种木头容易裂成片. * The windscreen cracked but didnot splinter. 挡风玻璃裂了, 但没碎. * The waves smashed the boat against the rocks, splintering it to pieces. 浪头把船冲向岩石, 撞成碎片. 2 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (off) (into sth) (fig 比喻) separate off from a larger group; form a splinter group （从较大的团体中）分裂出来, 组成小派别. 复合： `splinter group small group that has broken off from a larger one, esp in politics 分裂出来的小派别（尤指政界）.

split
[split; split] v (-tt-, pt, pp split) 1 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ (sth/sb) (up) (into sth) (a) (cause sth to) break or be broken (into two or more parts), esp from end to end （使某物）裂开, 碎裂: * Some types of wood split easily. 有些木头容易劈. * She was splitting logs with an axe. 她正用斧子劈木头. * A skilled person can split slate into layers. 手巧的人能把板岩剖成片. (b) (cause people to) separate or divide into (often opposing) groups or parties （使人们）分裂成或分成（常为相对的）集体或派别: * The children split (up) into groups. 孩子们分成了小组. * an issue which has split the party (from top to bottom) 导致该党（自上而下）分裂的问题. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) (into sth) break sth into parts; divide and share sth 将某事物分成若干部分; 分某事物: * split the cost of the meal 分摊饭钱 * split the atom, ie by means of nuclear fission 使原子产生核裂变 * Would you like to split a bottle with me? 咱俩分一瓶喝好吗? * They split (up) the money between them. 他们把钱分了. * For the purposes of the survey we've split the town into four areas. 为了便於调查, 我们把这个镇划成四个区. 3 [La, I, Cn.a] ~ (sth) (open) (cause sth to) break open by bursting （使某物）撑破, 绽裂, 裂开: * Suddenly the box split open and a puppy jumped out. 箱子突然打开, 从里面蹦出只小狗. * His coat had split at the seams. 他的大衣开线了. * She split open the coconut. 她把椰子劈开了. 4 [I, Tn] (sl 俚 esp US) leave (a place) 离开（某处）: * It's boring here let's split. 这儿没意思--咱们走吧. * They've split the scene, ie left the event, place, party, etc. 他们走了. 5 (idm 习语) split the `difference (when making a bargain) settle on an amount half-way between two proposed amounts （讲价时）各让一步, 折中. split `hairs (derog 贬) make very fine but unnecessary distinctions (in an argument, etc)（在争论等中）作不必要的过细区分. split an in`finitive(in speaking or writing) place an adverb between to and the infinitive (as in `to quickly read a book') 分裂不定式（在to与动词之间插入副词, 如to quickly read a book）. split one's `sides (laughing/with laughter) laugh uncontrollably 控制不住地大笑; 捧腹（大笑）.

split1
6 (phr v) split (sth) away/off (from sth) separate or divide (sth) from a larger body or group （将某事物）分离出来: * The group have split away/off from the official union. 这一部分人已从正式的联盟中分裂出来了. * The storm has split the branch off from the main tree trunk. 暴风雨把树枝从树干上刮了下来. split on sb (to sb) (infml 口) give away information about a person (usu an accomplice) that will get him into trouble 出卖或揭发某人（通常指共犯或同谋）: * Billy's friend split on him to the teacher. 比利的朋友给他向老师告了一状. split up (with sb) end a friendship, relationship or marriage; separate 绝交; 断绝关系; 离婚; 分离: * Jenny and Joe have split up. 珍妮和乔闹翻了. * John has just split up with his girl-friend. 约翰刚刚跟女朋友吹了. 派生： split n 1 [C] act or process of splitting or being split 分开; 劈开; 裂开; 分担. 2 [C] crack or tear made by splitting 裂口; 裂缝: sew up a split in a seam 缝好绽开的 线缝. 3 [C] division or separation resulting from splitting 分裂; 分离: a split in the Labour Party 工党的分裂. 4 [C] pudding made from fruit (esp a banana) cut in two lengthways with cream, ice-cream, etc on top （覆有奶油、 冰激凌等的）水果条甜食; （尤指）奶油冰激凌香蕉条: a banana split 奶油冰激凌香蕉条. 5 the splits [pl] acrobatic position in which the legs are stretched across the floor in opposite directions with the rest of the body upright 劈叉: do the splits 劈一字腿. splitting adj [attrib 作定语] (esp of a headache) very painful （尤指头痛）剧烈的, 剧痛的: I've got a splitting headache. 我头疼得要裂开似的. 复合： ,split in`finitive (grammar) infinitive with an adverb placed between to and the verb 分裂不定式. ,split-`level adj 1 (of a building) having sets of rooms at different levels between storeys in other parts of the building, eg when built on sloping ground （指建 物）错层式的（如建於倾斜地面的）.

split2
2 (of a cooker) havingthe oven placed separately from the burners or hotplates,not below them （指炉灶）分立式的（烤箱分立而不置於炉灶下的）. ,split `peas dried peas split into halves 乾豌豆瓣儿. ,split perso`nality mental condition in which a person behaves sometimes with one set of emotions, actions, etc, and sometimes with another set; schizophrenia 人格分裂症; 精神分裂症. ,split `pin metal pin with split ends which can be opened out to hold the pin in position 开尾销. ,split `ring ring with its ends not joined but closely overlapping, as used for keeping keys on 叠口环（如钥匙圈）. ,split `second very short moment of time 瞬间; 刹那.,split-second adj [attrib 作定语] very rapid or accurate极快的; 极精确的: The plan depends on ,split-second `timing. 这计画要想成功就得分秒不差. ,split `shift shift2(2) in which there are two or more periods of duty 分段班（在时间上分段进行的一个工作班次）. ,split `ticket (US politics 政) ballot-paper marked with votes for candidates of more than one party 分裂票（同时选举不同党派候选人的选票）.

splotch
[splCtF; splatF] (Brit also splodge/splCdV; spladV] ) n dirty mark or spot (of ink, paint, etc); irregular patch (of colour, light, etc) （墨水、 颜料等的）斑, 斑点, 污斑; （颜色、 光等的）形状不规则的一片. 派生： splotch (Brit also splodge) v [Tn] mark (sth) with splotches 使（某物）有污斑、 色斑或光斑.

splurge
[splE:dV; splEdV] n (infml 口) 1 act of spending money freely 挥霍: * I had a splurge and bought two new suits. 我大手大脚花了一笔钱买了两套新衣服. 2 ostentatious display or effort (intended to attract attention) 夸示; 炫耀; 卖弄: * make a splurge 炫耀一番. 派生： splurge v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (on sth) spend (money) freely or extravagantly 无节制地花（钱）; 挥霍（金钱）: She won 100 and then splurged it all on new clothes. 她赢了100英镑, 都挥霍在买新衣服上了.

splutter
[5splQtE(r); 5splQtl] v 1 (also sputter) (a) [I, Ip] speak quickly and confusedly (from excitement, anger, etc) （因激动、 气愤等）急促而语无伦次地说话. (b) [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (out) say (words) quickly, confusedly or indistinctly 急促地、 语无伦次地或含混不清地说（话）: * splutter (out) a few words of apology 语无伦次地道歉. 2 [I] make a series of spitting sounds; sputter 发劈啪声; 毕剥作响: * She dived into the water and came up coughing and spluttering. 她扎入水中, 浮上来时呛得连咳嗽带喷水. 派生： splutter n spluttering sound 劈啪声; 毕剥声: The candle gave a few faint splutters and then went out. 蜡烛发出轻轻的毕剥声後就熄灭了.

spoil
[spCil; spCil] v (pt, pp spoilt/spCilt; spCilt] or spoiled/spCild; spCild] ) =>Usage at dream2 用法见dream2. 1 [Tn] make (sth) useless, valueless or unsatisfactory; ruin 毁掉, 损坏, 破坏, 糟蹋（某事物）: * holidays spoilt by bad weather 因天气坏而使人扫兴的假期 * spoilt ballot papers, ie made invalid because the voters have not marked them properly 废选票（因划票不符规定而失效） * The new road has completely spoiled the character of the village. 新修的路彻底毁掉了那个村庄的特色. * The bad news has spoilt my day. 这坏消息把我这一天给毁了. * Don't spoil your appetite by eating sweets between meals. 不要在两顿饭之间吃糖果, 以免吃不下饭. 2 [Tn] (a) harm the character of (esp a child) by lack of discipline or too much generosity, attention, praise, etc 娇惯, 宠坏, 溺爱（尤指儿童）: * That little girl is terribly spoilt her parents give her everything she asks for. 那个小女孩真惯得不像话--父母对她是有求必应. (b) pay great or too much attention to the comfort and wishes of (sb); pamper 格外或过分关注（某人）的安适和愿望: * Everybody enjoys being spoiled from time to time. 谁都喜欢偶尔让人宠一宠. 3 [I] (of food, etc) become bad or unfit to be used, eaten, etc （指食物等）变坏, 变质, 腐败: * Some kinds of food soon spoil. 有些食物易变质. 4 (idm 习语) be spoiling for sth be very eager for (a fight, an argument, etc) 憋足了劲儿要（打架、 争吵等）: * He's spoiling for trouble. 他憋足了劲儿要找麻烦. be spoilt for choice have so many possibilities to choose from that it is difficult to choose 因供选择的事物过多而无从下手. spare the rod and spoil the child => spare2. too many cooks spoil the broth => cook n. 派生： spoil n [U] = spoils. spoilage[5spCilidV; 5spCilidV] n [U] spoiling of food, etc by decay （食物等的）变坏, 变质, 腐败.

spoil1
spoiler n 1 person or thing that spoils 把事物搞坏的人或事物; 宠坏他人的人或事物; 造成（食物等）腐败的东西. 2 (a) device on an aircraft to slow it down by interrupting the flow of air 扰流器（飞行器的）. (b) similar device on a vehicle to prevent it being lifted off the road when travelling very fast 气流偏导器（车辆的）. spoils n [U] (also spoils [pl]) 1 (a) stolen goods 偷来的东西; 赃物: The thieves divided up the spoils. 窃贼把赃物分了. (b) things taken by a victorious army; plunder 战利品; 掠取之物. 2 profits, benefits, etc gained from political power 凭政治权力获取的利益等: the spoils of office 利用官职捞取的私利. 复合： `spoil-sport n person who spoils the enjoyment of others 扫人兴的人; 煞风景者: Don't be such a spoil-sport! 别这麽扫人兴! `spoils system (esp US) system by which important public positions are given to supporters of the political party that wins power 政党分肥制（获胜政党将重要公职委派给支持者的制度）.

spoke
1[spEuk; spok] n 1 any of the bars or wire rods that connect the centre (hub) of a wheel to its outer edge (rim), eg on a bicycle 辐条. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xiii. 2 (idm 习语) put a `spoke in sb's wheel (Brit) prevent sb from carrying out his plans 阻挠某人的计画.

spoken
pp of speak.

spokeshave
[5spEukFeiv; 5spok7Fev] n tool used for planing curved surfaces, esp of wood 辐刨.

spokesman
[5spEuksmEn; 5spoksmEn] n (pl -men[-mEn; -mEn/) (fem 阴性作 spokeswoman[5spEukswumEn; 5spoks7wumEn] , pl -women[-wimin; -wimin] ) person who speaks, or is chosen to speak, on behalf of a group 发言人. =>Usage at chair 用法见chair.

spoliation
[7spEuli'eiFn; 7spoli'eFEn] n [U] (fml 文) activity of spoiling (spoil 1) or damaging, esp with force; pillaging or plundering 损坏, 破坏, 毁坏（尤指以武力进行者）; 掠夺; 抢劫.

spondee
[5spCndi:; 5spandi] n metrical foot in poetry consisting of two long or stressed syllables 扬扬格（诗歌音步, 由两个长音节或重音节组成）. > spondaic/ spCn5deIIk; spBn`deIk/ adj.

sponge
[spQndV; spQndV] n 1 [C] type of simple sea animal with a light elastic body-structure full of holes that can absorb water easily 海绵. 2 [C, U] (part of) one of these, or a substance of similar texture, used for washing, cleaning or padding （用作清洗工具或衬垫物的）海绵, 海绵状物: * a large bath sponge, ie for washing one's body in the bath 洗澡用的大块海绵 * filled with sponge 内填海绵的 * [attrib 作定语] sponge rubber 泡沫橡胶. 3 [C] piece of absorbent material, eg gauze, used in surgery （外科用的）吸水物（如纱布）. 4 [C esp sing 尤作单数] act of cleaning, wiping, etc with a sponge; sponging 用海绵或吸水物进行的清洗、 擦拭等: * She gave the floor a vigorous sponge all over. 她用海绵把地板 使劲儿擦了一遍. 5 [C, U] = sponge-cake: * Would you like some more sponge? 你再来点海绵蛋糕好吗? 6 (idm 习语) throw up the sponge (infml 口) admit that one is defeated 认输. 派生： sponge v 1 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sb/oneself/sth (down) wipe, wash or clean sb/oneself/sth with a sponge 用海绵或海绵状物擦拭或清洗某人[自己/某物]: sponge a wound 用海绵擦洗伤口 * He sponged down the car to remove the shampoo. 他用海绵把汽车上的洗涤剂擦掉了. 2 [I, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (from sb) (infml 口) get (money, etc) from sb without giving or intending to give anything in return 白拿, 白得（钱等）; 揩油: sponge a dinner 白吃一顿 * sponge a fiver (ie 5) from an old friend 向老朋友揩油硬要五英镑. 3 (phr v) sponge sth off/out remove sth by sponging 用海绵等清除某物: sponge out a stain in the carpet 用海绵把地毯上的污迹擦掉. sponge on/off sb (infml usu derog 口, 通常作贬义) live at another person's expense; get money, food, etc from sb without giving or intending to give anything in return 依赖他人为生; 当食客; 从某人那儿白得（钱、 食物等）; 揩油: He always sponges off others. 他总是揩别人的油. sponge sth up remove (liquid) with a sponge 用海绵等将（液体）吸掉. sponger n person who sponges (sponge v 2) 依赖他人生活者; 寄生虫; 吃白食的人; 揩油者. sponging n (usu sing 通常作单数) = sponge n 4: give a child's face a good sponging 用海绵给孩子好好洗洗脸.

sponge1
spongy adj (-ier, -iest) soft, elastic and able to absorb water like a sponge 海绵似的（柔软而有弹性和吸水性的）: spongy moss 湿软的苔藓. sponginess n [U]. 复合： `sponge-bag n (Brit) waterproof bag for holding one's toothpaste, soap, toothbrush, etc, esp when one is travelling 盥洗用品袋（不透水, 尤用於旅行）. `sponge-cake n [C, U] soft light cake made with eggs, sugar and flour 海绵蛋糕. ,sponge-`pudding n [C, U] pudding like a sponge-cake 海绵布丁.

sponsor
[5spCnsE(r); 5spansl] n 1 person who makes himself responsible for another (eg sb who is training for sth) 担保人, 保人（如为求学者作担保者）. 2 godparent 教父; 教母. 3 person who puts forward or guarantees a proposal (eg for a new law) 发起者; 倡议者; 提案人; （建议的）保证人. 4 person or firm that pays for a radio or TV programme, or for a musical, artistic or sporting event, usu in order to use them for advertising 赞助人; 赞助公司; 广告客户. 5 person who pays money to charity in return for a specified activity by another person 向慈善事业捐款以换取他人的某项活动者. 派生： sponsor v [Tn] act as a sponsor for (sb/sth) 担保或赞助（某人[某事物]）; 倡议（某事）: an athlete sponsored by a bank 由某银行资助的运动员 * a sponsored walk, ie one over a fixed distance for which the walkers arrange sponsorship beforehand in aid of charity 募捐性步行 * a government-sponsored cheap textbooks scheme 政府资助的提供廉价教科书的方案 * I'm doing a sponsored swim on Saturday will you sponsor me? 星期六我要参加慈善游泳--您愿意出钱赞助吗? sponsorship n [U]: We're very grateful for his sponsorship. 我们十分感激他慷慨资助.

spontaneous
[spCn'teiniEs; span'teniEs] adj (a) done,happening, said, etc because of a voluntary impulse from within, not caused or suggested by sth/sb outside 自发的; 主动的; 自动的: * a spontaneous offer of help 主动提供的帮助 * spontaneous applause 自发的鼓掌. (b) natural, not forced 自然的; 非勉强的: * a spontaneous gaiety of manner 天真愉快的神态. 派生： spontaneously adv. spontaneousness (also spontaneity[7spCntE'neiEti;7spantE'neEti] ) n [U] quality of being spontaneous 自发性; （举止等的）自然. 复合： spon,taneous com`bustion burning caused by chemical changes, etc inside the material, not by the application of fire from outside 自燃.

spoof
[spu:f; spuf] n (infml 口) 1 ~ (of/on sth) humorous imitation or parody 滑稽的模仿: * [attrib 作定语] a spoof horror film 模拟恐怖片的滑稽影片. 2 trick; hoax 骗人的玩意儿; 鬼把戏. 派生： spoof v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (infml 口) trick or swindle (sb) 愚弄, 哄骗（某人）: You've been spoofed. 你上当了.

spook
[spu:k; spuk] n (infml usu joc 口, 通常作戏谑语) ghost 鬼: * Are you afraid of spooks? 你怕不怕鬼? 派生： spook v [Tn] (infml 口 esp US) frighten; scare 吓; 吓唬: Something in the bushes spooked her horse. 矮树林里有东西惊了她的马. spooky adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) suggesting spooks; frightening 使人想到鬼的; 吓人的: a spooky old house 阴森森的老房子. spookiness n [U].

spool
[spu:l; spul] n 1 = reel1 1. 2 amount (of thread, etc) held on one of these （指线等）一轴上所绕的数量: * How many spools of thread did you use? 你用了几轴线?

spoon
[spu:n; spun] n (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) 1 utensil with a shallow oval or round bowl on a handle, used for stirring, serving and taking up food (esp puddings and soups) to the mouth 杓; 匙子; 羹匙: * a large wooden `spoon 大木杓 * a `tablespoon 大餐匙 * a `soup-spoon 汤匙 * a `teaspoon 茶匙. 2 amount this can hold; spoonful 一杓的量: * Two spoons of sugar, please. 请放两匙糖. 3 (idm 习语) born with a silver spoon in one's mouth => born. 派生： spoon v [Tn.pr, Tn.p] 1 lift and move (sth) with a spoon in the specified way or direction 用杓舀（某物）: spoon sugar from the packet into a bowl 把食糖从袋子中舀到糖罐里 * spoon up one's soup 用杓舀汤 * spoon out the peas 用匙子舀取豌豆. 2 ~ sth (up) hit (a ball) feebly upwards 轻轻向上击（球）. spoonful[-ful; -7ful] n (pl -fuls) amount that a spoon can hold 一杓的量: * a heaped spoonful of sugar 满满的一匙糖. 复合： `spoon-feed v (pt, pp -fed) [Tn] (a) feed (a baby, etc) with a spoon 用杓喂（小孩儿等）. (b) (fig esp derog 比喻, 尤作贬义) give (sb) too much help or teaching in a way that does not allow him to think for himself 给（某人）过多的帮助或指教（使其无法独立思考）: Some teachers spoon-feed their students. 有些教师教书如喂食, 使学生不会独立思考.

spoonerism
[5spu:nErizEm; 5spunE7rizEm] n (often humorous) result of changing round, esp accidentally, the initial sounds of two or more words when speaking, eg well-boiled icicle for well-oiled bicycle （常产生滑稽效果的）首音误置（如将well-oiled bicycle说成well-boiled icicle）.

spoor
[spC:(r); - spuEr; spur] n [C] track or scent left by a wild animal (enabling it to be followed) （野生动物的）足迹, 臭迹.

sporadic
[spE'rAdik; spE'rAdik] adj happening or seen only occasionally or in a few places; occurring irregularly 偶发的; 偶见的; 仅在少数地方发生或见到的: * sporadic showers 阵雨 * sporadic raids, gunfire, fighting 零星的袭击、 炮击、 战斗. > sporadically[-kli; -kli] adv.

spore
[spC:(r); spCr] n (botany 植) any of the tiny seed-like reproductive cells of some plants such as ferns, mosses and fungi 孢子: * mushroom spores 蘑菇孢子.

sporran
[5spCrEn; 5sparEn] n large pouch, usu made of leather or fur, that is worn by men in front of the kilt as part of the Scottish national dress （苏格兰男子系於短裙前的）毛皮袋.

sport
[spC:t; spCrt] n 1 [U] physical activity done, esp outdoors, for exercise and amusement, usu played in a special area and according to fixed rules 文体活动（尤指户外的）; 运动; 游戏: * She plays a lot of sport. 她经常运动. * He's very fond of sport. 他非常喜欢文体活动. 2 (a) [C] particular form of such activity; particular game or pastime 文体活动; 某种游戏或消遣: team sports 队与队的竞赛 * Hockey, volleyball, football and tennis are all sports. 曲棍球、 排球、 足球、 网球都是体育项目. * Which sports do you like best? 你最喜欢哪些运动? * athletic sports, eg running, jumping 田径运动（如跑和跳） * country sports, eg hunting, fishing, shooting, horse-racing 乡间户外运动（如打猎、 钓鱼、 射击、 赛马） * [attrib 作定语] sports coverage on TV 电视上的体育新闻报道 * a sports programme 体育节目 * a `sports field 运动场. (b) [U] such activities or pastimes collectively 文体活动（总称）: the world of sport 体育界. =>Usage 见所附用法. 3 sports [pl] meeting for athletic competitions 运动会: the school sports 学校运动会 * inter-university sports 大学校际运动会 * [attrib 作定语] a `sports day 运动会日. 4 [U] amusement; fun 娱乐; 消遣; 玩笑; 戏谑: do sth for sport 为取乐而做某事 * say sth in sport, ie not seriously 说着玩儿. 5 [C] (dated infml 旧, 口) pleasant, cheerful and generous-minded person 随和、 开朗、 大度的人: Come on, be a sport! 好了, 随和点吧! * a good/bad sport, ie sb who behaves well/badly in sporting or similar activities 文体道德好[坏]的人. 6 [C] (infml esp Austral 口, 尤用於澳大利亚) (as a term of address 作称呼语) chap; fellow; friend 老兄; 哥儿们; 朋友: How are you doing, sport! 你好哇, 哥儿们! 7 [C] (biology 生) plant or animal that deviates in some unusual way from the normal type 变态的植物或动物. 8 (idm 习语) make sport of sb

sport1
(fml 文) mock or joke about sb 嘲笑某人; 开某人的玩笑. 派生： sport v 1 [Tn] have or wear (sth) proudly for othersto see 夸示（某物）; 炫耀地穿戴（某物）: sport a moustache,a diamond ring, a flower in one's buttonhole 神气地蓄着小胡子、 戴着钻石戒指、 在钮扣眼中插着花. 2 [I, Ip] (usu in the continuous tenses 通常用於进行时态) play about; amuse oneself; have fun 玩耍; 嬉戏: seals sporting (about/around) in the water 在水中嬉戏的海豹. sporty adj (infml 口) 1 fond of or good at sport 爱好或擅长文体活动的: She's very sporty. 她非常爱好文体活动. 2 attractive and dashing 漂亮而时髦的: a sporty new pullover 漂亮的套头毛衣. sportily adv. sportiness n [U]. 复合： `sports car low (usu open) car designed for travelling at high speeds 跑车（车身较低, 通常为敞篷的汽车）. `sportscast n (US) TV or radio broadcast of sports news or a sports event （电视台或电台的）体育节目广播. `sportscaster n (US) person who introduces or commentates on such a programme （电视台或电台的）体育节目的播音员、 主持人或解说员. `sports-editor n newspaper editor responsible for reports of sports and games （报纸的）体育新闻编辑. `sports jacket (Brit) man's jacket for informal wear (not part of a suit) （男子作便服的）外套. =>illus at jacket 见jacket插图. `sportsman[-mEn; -mEn] n (pl -men[-mEn; -mEn] ) (fem 阴性作 `sportswoman[-wumEn; -7wumEn] , pl -women[-wimin; -7wimin] ) 1 person who takes part in or is fond of sport 运动员; 爱好运动的人. 2 person who plays sport fairly, is willing to take risks, and doesn't become upset or bad-tempered if he loses 有文体道德的人. `sportsmanlike adj behaving fairly and generously 公正大度的: * a sportsmanlike attitude, gesture 高姿态、 风格高的做法. `sportsmanship n [U] sportsmanlike quality or spirit 公正大度的品质或精神.

sport2
`sports writer person (esp a journalist) who writes about sport 体育文章的作者; （尤指）体育记者. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Sport plays a big part in many people's lives. 文体活动（sport）是许多人生活中的重要内容. At school children can play football, netball and other sports and there are clubs for playing indoor games such as chess or snooker. 在学校里, 学生可以参加足球、 无挡板篮球以及其他体育运动（sports）, 也可以加入国际象棋、 落袋台球等各种室内文娱（games）社团. After work, a lot of people enjoy a game of tennis or squash. 许多人工馀喜欢打网球或壁球. On TV we can watch tennis and football matches throughout the year and horse races are broadcast almost every day. 人们整年都可以通过电视观看网球和足球比赛（matches）, 赛马（races）节目则几乎每天都有. Events in which people compete against each other, often for prizes, are competitions or contests 具比赛性质的、 常设有锦标的运动称作competitions或contests: a dancing competition 舞蹈比赛 * an archery, angling, etc contest 射箭、 钓鱼等比赛. A tournament or championship is a series of contests *tournament或championship指的是联赛或锦标赛: a tennis tournament 网球联赛 * the European Football Championship 欧洲足球锦标赛.

sporting
[5spC:tiN; 5spCrtiN] adj 1 [attrib 作定语] connected with or interested in sport 娱乐的; 运动的; 爱好文体活动的: * a sporting occasion 一项体育活动 * a sporting man 爱好运动的男子. 2 showing fairness; generous; sportsmanlike 公正的; 大度的; 风格高的: * It's very sporting of you to give me an initial advantage. 你开局先让我一步, 真是够大方的. * He made me a sporting offer, ie one that involved some risk of his losing. 他甘愿自己冒风险, 大方地向我开了一个价. 3 (idm 习语) a sporting `chance a reasonable chance of being successful 公平的机会: * give sb a sporting chance 给某人一个公平的机会 * We've still got a sporting chance of winning. 我们获胜的可能性还是有的.

sportive
[5spC:tiv; 5spCrtiv] adj playful 爱玩耍的; 顽皮的; 闹着玩儿的. > sportively adv. sportiveness n [U].

spot
[spCt; spat] n 1 small (usu round) mark different in colour, texture, etc from the surface it is on 斑点（通常指圆的）: * a white skirt with red spots 白底红点儿的裙子 * Which has spots, the leopard or the tiger? 豹跟虎哪一个身上有斑点? 2 roundish mark or stain 圆形的斑点或污迹: * spots of mud on your trousers 你裤子上的泥斑. 3 small red mark or blemish on the skin, caused by illness, etc; pimple （皮肤上由於疾病而起的）红斑, 红疙瘩; 丘疹: * a teenage boy worried about his spots, ie acne 因出粉刺而烦恼的十几岁的男青年 * She had chicken-pox and was covered in spots. 她得了水痘, 出了一身丘疹. 4 (a) particular place or area 地点; 场所: * a nice picnic spot/spot for a picnic 野餐的好去处 * a well-known beauty spot, ie a place well-known for its natural beauty 风景胜地 * stand rooted to the spot, ie not moving 站在原处不动 * This is the (very) spot where he was murdered. 他就是在这儿遭谋杀的. * There are several weak spots in your argument. 你的论点中有几处经不起推敲. (b) (infml 口) place of entertainment 娱乐场所: * a popular night spot 很受欢迎的夜总会. 5 drop 滴: * Did you feel a few spots of rain? 下了几滴雨, 你感觉到了吗? 6 place for an individual item of entertainment, esp a short regular one, in a television, radio or theatre show （插入电视、 电台或戏院节目中的）节目档（尤指短小、 固定的）: * a ten-minute guest spot on a radio programme 电台某节目中的十分钟特约贵宾固定栏目 * She has a regular cabaret spot at a local night-club. 她在当地一家夜总会有她固定的歌舞节目档. 7 (usu sing 通常作单数) ~ of sth (Brit infml 口) small amount of sth 少量的某事物: * Are you ready for a spot of lunch? 你想吃点儿午饭吗? * What about doing a spot of work? 做点儿事怎麽样? * You seem to be having a spot of bother with your car can I help? 看来你的汽车有点让你伤脑筋了--要我帮忙吗?

spot1
8 (fig 比喻) flaw in a person's character; moral blemish 性格上的缺陷; 品行上的污点: * There isn't a spot on her reputation. 她的声誉没有半点瑕疵. 9 (infml 口) = spotlight. 10 (US infml 口) playing-card or banknote of a particular (specified) value 某点数的纸牌; 某票面的钞票: * He passed me a ten spot. 他出给了我一张十点的牌. 11 (idm 习语) change one's spots => change1. have a soft spot for sb/sth => soft. a hot spot => hot. in a (tight) `spot (infml 口) in a difficult position or situation 处在困难的地位或环境中: * I'm in a bit of a spot financially. 我经济上有点困难. knock spots off sb/sth => knock2. on the `spot (a) immediately; without moving from that place; then and there 立即; 当场: * He was hit by a falling tree and killed on the spot. 一棵树倒下来, 把他当场砸死了. (b) at the place where an event happened (esp when one is needed) 在现场, 到现场（尤指能提供帮助的人）: * The police were on the spot within a few minutes of my telephone call. 我打电话几分钟後警察就赶到了现场. * Luckily there was a doctor on the spot. 幸亏当时有位医生在场. put sb on the `spot put a person in a difficult position; force sb to take action or justify himself 置某人於困境; 使某人为难; 迫使某人采取行动或进行辩解: * You've put me on the spot here I can't answer your question. 这你可把我难住了--你这个问题我答不上来. 派生： spot v (-tt-) 1 [I, Tn, Tn.pr usu passive 通常用於被动语态] ~ sth (with sth) (cause sth to) become marked with a spot or spots （使某事物）有斑点或污点: material that spots easily 容易沾上污斑的料子 * a tablespotted with ink 墨迹斑斑的桌子. 2 [Tn, Tw, Tng, Cn.n/a] ~ sb/sth (as sth) (not in the continuous tenses 不用於进行时态) pick out (one person or thing from many); catch sight of; recognize; discover （从许多人或事物中）找出, 辨出, 认出（某人或某事物）; 瞥见; 发觉: He finally spotted just the shirt he wanted. 他最後找到了他想要的衬衫.

spot2
* She spotted her friend in the crowd. 她在人群中认出了她的朋友. * I can't spot the difference between them. 我看不出两者的区别. * Can you spot the flaw in their argument? 你能指出他们论点中的谬误吗? * spot the winner of a race, ie pick out the winner before the race starts 预先料到赛跑的获胜者 * I soon spotted what to do. 我很快就知道该怎麽办了. * He was spotted by police boarding a plane for Paris. 他登上飞往巴黎的飞机时被警方认出. * She has been spotted as a likely tennis star of the future. 她很有希望成为网球明星. 3 [I, Ipr] (Brit infml 口) (used with it 与it连用) rain slightly; spit 下小雨: It's beginning to spot. 开始下小雨了. * It's spotting with rain. 正在下小雨. spotted adj marked or covered with spots 有斑点的; 满是斑点的: a spotted dog 身上有花斑的狗 * a spotted dress 带花点儿的连衣裙. spotted `dick (Brit) suet pudding containing currants 葡萄乾板油布丁. spotter n (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) person who looks for and writes down details of a specified type of thing or person, as a hobby or job 寻找某事物或某人并作记录的人（作为嗜好或职业）: an `aircraft spotter, ie one who looks for and identifies different types of aircraft, esp in wartime 飞机观察员（寻找并辨认各类飞机的人, 尤指战时） * a `talent-spotter, ie an agent who visits clubs, theatres, etc looking for new acts 星探（到俱乐部、 剧院等处发掘新秀的人） * He's an avid `train-spotter. 他特别喜欢观察火车. * [attrib 作定语] a spotter plane, ie one used for observing enemy manoeuvres 侦察机. spotless adj 1 very clean and tidy 极清洁的: He keeps his house spotless. 他把家里收拾得很整洁. 2 (fig fml 比喻, 文) free from flaws; morally pure 无瑕疵的; 道德上纯洁的: a spotless reputation 清白的名声. spotlesslyadv. spotlessness n [U]. spotty adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口)

spot3
1 (esp derog 尤作贬义) (of a person) having spots (spot 3), esp on the face （指人）长斑点的（尤指脸上）: spotty youths 满脸粉刺的青少年 * a spotty complexion 带斑点的脸. 2 marked with spots (spot 2); spotted 带斑点的; 有污迹的: a spotty table-cloth 有污迹的桌布. 复合： spot `cash (commerce 商) money paid immediately for goods when they are bought （购物时付的）现金. spot `check check made suddenly and without warning on a person or thing chosen at random 突击抽查; 抽样检查: The campaign against drinking and driving will include spot checks on motorists. 在禁止酒後开车这一行动中要对司机突击检查. `spot welding welding of small areas of metal that are in contact 点焊. spot-`on adj [pred 作表语] (infml 口) exactly right; accurate 一点不错; 对极了; 准确: His assessment of the situation was spot-on. 他对形势判断得很正确. * Your budget figures were spot-on this year. 你做的本年度预算数字十分准确.

spotlight
[5spCtlait; 5spat7lait] n 1 (also spot) [C] (lamp used for sending a) strong beam of light directed onto a particular place or person, eg on the stage of a theatre 聚光灯（的光）（如舞台上的）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page ix. 2 the spotlight [sing] (fig 比喻) full attention or publicity 大家的注意: * a sportsman who likes to be in the spotlight 爱出风头的运动员 * This week the spotlight is on the world of fashion. 本周引人瞩目的是时装界. 派生： spotlight v (pt, pp spotlit[-lit; -7lit] or, esp in sense 2, spotlighted 亦作spotlighted, 尤用於下述第2义) [Tn] 1 direct a spotlight onto (sb/sth) 将聚光灯射向（某人[某物]）: * a spotlit stage 有聚光照明的舞台. 2 (fig 比喻) draw attention to (sth); make conspicuous or obvious 使注意（某事物）; 使突出或显眼: * The report has spotlighted real deprivation in the inner cities. 这篇报道披露了旧城区的贫困真相.

spouse
[spauz; - spaus; spaus] n (arch or law or joc 古或律或谑) husband or wife 配偶.

spout
[spaut; spaut] n [C] 1 projecting pipe or tube through or from which liquid pours, eg for carrying rain-water from a roof or tea from a teapot 供液体流出的凸起管状物（如落水管或茶壶嘴）: * The spout is chipped so it doesn't pour very well. 这壶嘴儿有个豁口, 倒起来不方便. 2 jet of liquid coming out with great force （喷出的）液体流, 液体柱. 3 (idm 习语) up the `spout (a) (infml 口) in a hopeless condition; broken, ruined, defeated, etc 没指望; 毁坏; 完蛋: * My holiday plans are completely up the spout. 我的假期计画全吹了. (b) (sl derog 俚, 贬) pregnant 怀孕. 派生： spout v 1 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (out of/from sth)[(out/up) (of a liquid) come out with great force （指液体）喷出, 涌出: blood spouting from a severed artery 动脉割断後喷出的鲜血 * water spouting (out) from a broken water-pipe 从破裂的水管中喷出的水. (b) [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (out/up) send out (a liquid) with great force 喷出, 涌出（液体）: a broken pipe spouting (out) water 喷（出）水的坏管子 * The wound spouted blood. 伤口涌出血来. (c) [I] (of whales) send a jet of water up through a hole in the head （指鲸）喷水. 2 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (infml usu derog 口, 通常作贬义) recite (poetry, etc) or speak lengthily and loudly 没完没了地大声吟诵（诗歌等）或说话: Children dislike being spouted at by pompous teachers. 学生不喜欢听自命不凡的教师对他们夸夸其谈. * spouting unwanted advice 罗罗嗦嗦地说出没人想听的建议 * He can spout Shakespeare for hours. 他能滔滔不绝地朗朗背诵莎士比亚的作品.

sprain
[sprein; spren] v [Tn] injure (a joint in the body, esp a wrist or an ankle) by sudden twisting or wrenching so that there is pain and swelling 扭伤（关节, 尤指腕和踝）: * sprain one's wrist 扭伤手腕 * suffering from a sprained ankle 踝部扭伤. 派生： sprain n injury caused in this way 扭伤: a bad sprain 严重的扭伤.

sprang
pt of spring3.

sprat
[sprAt; sprAt] n 1 small edible European sea-fish of the herring family 西鲱（欧洲产的可食小海鱼）. 2 (idm 习语) a ,sprat to catch a `mackerel (saying 谚) relatively small or unimportant thing that is offered or sacrificed in the hope of getting sth much bigger or better 用小鱼钓大鱼; 吃小亏占大便宜.

sprawl
[sprC:l; sprCl] v (esp derog 尤作贬义) 1 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (out/about/around) (across, in, on, etc sth) sit, lie or fall with the arms and legs spread out loosely 四肢摊开着坐、 卧或倒下: * He was sprawling in an armchair in front of the TV. 他伸开手脚坐在电视机前的单座沙发上. * be sent sprawling in the mud 被打倒在污泥中 * sprawling about on the sofa 手脚摊开着躺在沙发上. (b) [usu passive 通常用於被动语态: * Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] spread (oneself or one's limbs) out loosely in this way 伸展（身体或四肢）: * They were sprawled out in front of the fire. 他们摊开手脚烤着火. 2 [I, Ipr, Ip] spread out loosely and irregularly over much space 散乱地延伸: * sprawling handwriting 潦草的字迹 * suburbs that sprawl out into the countryside 向野外散乱延展的市郊. 派生： sprawl n [U, C usu sing 作不可数名词或可数名词, 後者通常作单数] (esp derog 尤作贬义) 1 sprawling position or movement 四肢伸开的姿势或动作: pick one's way through the sprawl of people sunbathing 小心翼翼地穿过伸开四肢晒太阳的人群 * He lay in a sprawl over the desk. 他手脚摊开趴在书桌上. 2 widespread untidy area, esp of buildings 杂乱的大片地方（尤指建 物）: London's suburban sprawl 伦敦郊外无计画扩展的地区.

spray
1[sprei; spre] n 1 (a) small branch of a tree or plant, with its leaves and flowers （树或花草的）小枝（带叶和花的）. (b) artificial ornament in a similar form （人 造的）枝状花饰: * a spray of diamonds 镶钻石的枝状饰物. 2 bunch of cut flowers, etc arranged attractively, eg as a decoration on clothes 小花簇（如用作衣服上的饰物）: * He had a spray in his buttonhole. 他的钮孔中插着一簇花. * She carried a spray of pink roses. 她拿着一簇粉红色的玫瑰花.

spread
[spred; spred] v (pt, pp spread) 1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (out) (on/over sth) extend the surface area, width or length of sth by unfolding or unrolling it 展开; 铺开; 摊开: * The bird spread (out) its wings. 那只鸟张开了翅膀. * spread a cloth on the table 把桌布铺在桌子上 * spread out one's arms, eg to welcome or embrace sb 张开两臂（如欢迎或拥抱某人） * spread the map out on the floor 在地板上摊开地图. (b) [Tn.pr] ~ sth with sth cover sth with sth by doing this 将某物铺於某物上: * spread a table with a cloth 把桌布铺在桌子上. 2 (a) [Tn.pr] ~ A on B put (a substance) on (a surface) and extend its area by flattening, etc; apply sth as a layer on sth 在（某物表面）上涂（某物）; 敷: * spread butter on bread 把黄油涂在面包上 * spread glue on paper 把胶水涂在纸上. (b) [Tn.pr] ~ B with A cover (a surface) with (a substance) by doing this 将（某物）涂在（某物表面）上: * spread bread with butter 把黄油涂在面包上. (c) [I] be able to be spread in this way; be applied in a layer 能涂敷; 被涂开: * Butter spreads more easily when it's softer. 黄油软一些就容易涂抹. * margarine that spreads straight from the fridge, ie does not go hard when cold 从冰箱中取出便可涂开的人造黄油. 3 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] (a) (cause sth to) become (more) widely known, felt or suffered （使某事物）传播, 流传, 蔓延: * The disease is spreading fast. 这种病正在迅速蔓延. * Fear spread quickly through the village. 全村不多久便人心惶惶了. * The strike has already spread to other factories. 这次罢工已在其他工厂产生连锁反应. * The water spread over the floor. 水流了一地. * Flies spread disease. 苍蝇能传播疾病. * He spread the news around the town. 他在镇上到处传播这一消息. (b) (cause sth to) become distributed （使某事物）散布, 散开: * Settlers soon spread inland. 移居到发展中地区的人不久就迁徙到内地了.

spread1
4 [I, Ipr] extend in size, area, etc 扩大; 伸展; 扩展: * a desert spreading for hundreds of miles 绵延上百英里的沙漠 * The forest spreads as far as the river. 这片森林一直延伸到河边. 5 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (over sth) distribute sth over a period of time 将某事物分散於某段时间内: * spread the payments over three months 分叁个月付清 * a course of studies spread over three years 为期叁年的课程. 6 [usupassive 通常用於被动语态: * Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth)prepare (a table) for a meal 在（餐桌）上摆上饭菜: * The table was spread with cakes and sandwiches. 桌上摆好了糕饼和叁明治. 7 (idm 习语) spread like `wildfire (esp of rumours, reports, disease) travel, spread, etc very fast （尤指谣言、 传闻、 疾病）飞速地传开、 蔓延等: * The news spread like wildfire. 这消息不胫而走. spread one's `net prepare to catch sb or get sb in one's power or influence 布下罗网（以捉住某人或迫使某人就范）. `spread oneself (a) occupy much space (eg by lying out with limbs extended) 占用很多地方（如四肢摊开躺着）: * Since there was no one else in the compartment I was able to spread myself. 车厢间隔里没有别人, 我正好能伸胳膊伸腿舒坦一下. (b) talk or write at length (on a subject) （就某主题）滔滔不绝地说或长篇大论地写. (c) spend or provide things generously 大方地花费或提供物品. spread one's `wings (have confidence to) extend one's activities and interests （有信心去）扩展活动和爱好: * We hope college life will help him to spread his wings a bit. 我们希望大学生活有助於他扩展兴趣爱好. 8 (phr v) spread (sb/oneself) out move (sb/oneself) away from others in a group so as to cover a wider area 使（某人[自己]）离开其他人或散开: * The search party spread out over the moor. 搜索队在荒草地分散行动. * Don't all sit together, spread yourselves out. 别都挤在一块儿, 分开坐吧.

spread2
派生： spread n 1 (usu sing 通常作单数) (a) extent, width or expanse of sth 范围; 宽度; 宽阔度: the spread of a bird's wings 鸟的翼展 * The survey revealed a wide spread of opinion. 调查结果表明各种意见差别很大. (b) extent of space or time; stretch （空间的）范围; 连续的一段时间: a spread of 100 years 100年的时间. 2 [U] process or activity of spreading (spread 3) or being spread; extension; diffusion 传播; 散布; 蔓延; 扩散: the spread of disease, knowledge, education 疾病的蔓延、 知识的传播、 教育的普及 * the spread of crime 犯罪活动的蔓延. 3 [C] newspaper or magazine article, advertisement, etc, esp one covering more than one printed column 报刊文 章或广告等（尤指跨栏的）: a double-page spread 横贯两版篇幅的文章. 4 [C] (infml 口) (usu large) meal spread out on a table （通常指丰盛的）一桌饭菜: What a spread! 多丰盛的饭菜呀! 5 (usu in compounds 通常用以构成复合词) (a) [C] thing that is spread(1b), esp a cloth for covering sth 铺开之物; （尤指）用以铺盖某物的布: a `bedspread 床单. (b) [C, U] expansion 扩展: (joc 谑) middle-aged spread, ie increased size around the waist in middle age 中年发福（即腰围增大）. 6 [U, C] sweet or savoury paste spread on bread, etc （涂抹面包等的）美味酱: chocolate spread 巧克力酱 * cheese spreads 乾酪酱. 复合： ,spread `eagle figure of an eagle with legs and wings extended, as an emblem on coins, etc 张足展翼的鹰像（如硬币上的）. spread-eagle v [Tn] place (sb) in a position with the arms and legs spread out 使（某人）呈四肢张开状: Sunbathers lay spread-eagled on the grass. 做日光浴的人呈大字形躺在草地上. * The blow spread-eagled him against the wall. 那一记把他打得张开四肢撞到了墙上.

spreadsheet
[5spredFi:t; 5spred7Fit] n (computing 计) program for displaying and manipulating rows of figures,used esp for accounting; display or print-out produced by this 空白表格程序（尤用於会计）; （以这一程序显示或印出的）空白表格.

spree
[spri:; spri] n (infml 口) lively and enjoyable outing, usu with much spending of money 外出作乐, 游乐（通常指花很多钱的）: * have a spree 痛痛快快地出去乐一乐 * a spending/buying/shopping spree 大买特买 * go out on a spree, ie go out to enjoy a spree 出去狂欢一番.

sprig
[sprig; sprig] n ~ (of sth) small twig (of a plant or bush) with leaves, etc （有叶等的）小枝: * a sprig of holly, parsley, heather, etc 一根冬青、 欧芹、 石南等的小枝 * a sprig of mistletoe for Christmas 作圣诞节装饰用的 寄生小枝.

sprightly
[5spraitli; 5spraitli] adj (-ier, -iest) lively and full of energy 活泼的; 精力充沛的: * He's surprisingly sprightly for an old man. 他这把年纪了, 还这麽精神, 真了不起. > sprightliness n [U].

spring
1[spriN; spriN] n 1 [C] act of springing or jumping up; jump 跳; 跳跃: * With an easy spring the cat reached the branch. 那猫轻轻一跃就够到了树枝. 2 [C] (place where there is) water coming up naturally from the ground; flow of this 泉; 泉水; 有泉水处; 泉水的流淌: * a `hot spring 温泉 * a `mineral spring 矿泉 * [attrib 作定语] spring water 泉水. 3 [C] device of twisted, bent or coiled metal or wire that can be pushed, pulled or pressed but tends to return to its original shape or position when released (used to drive clockwork, make seats more comfortable, etc) 弹簧; 发条: * a watch spring 表的发条 * the springs in an armchair 单座沙发内的弹簧 * [attrib 作定语] a spring-`mattress, ie one containing spiral springs in a rigid frame 弹簧床垫 * Don't bounce on the bed you'll break the springs! 别在床上乱蹦--你要把弹簧弄断了! =>illus 见插图. 4 [U, sing] (a) elastic quality; elasticity 弹性; 弹力: * an old trampoline that has lost some of its spring 失去一些弹性的旧蹦床. (b) (fig 比喻) lively, healthy quality 活力: * walk with a spring in one's step/heels 脚步轻快地行走. 派生： springy adj (-ier, -iest) 1 that can return to its original shape easily after being pushed, pulled, stretched, etc; elastic 有弹性的; 有弹力的: a springy bed 有弹性的床 * The turf felt springy under their feet. 他们走在草皮上, 觉得很松软. 2 having (a) spring1(4b) 有活力的; 轻快的: a youthful springy step 富有青春活力的、 轻快的脚步. springiness n [U]. 复合： ,spring `balance device that measures weight by the tension of a spring 弹簧秤. `springboard n 1 strong flexible board from which a person can jump high before diving or performing a gymnastic feat （跳水运动的）跳板; （体操运动的）踏跳板. 2 ~ (to/for sth) (fig 比喻) starting point that gives impetus to a future activity 发展事业的起点: The college debating society was a natural springboard for her career in politics. 大学里的辩论社自然成了她从政的垫脚石.

spring1
spring-`tide n tide with the greatest rise or fall, occurring soon after the new and full moon each month 大潮（朔望时潮差最大的潮汐）. Cf 参看 neap-tide (neap).

springbok
[5spriNbCk; 5spriN7bak] n small S African gazelle that can jump high into the air 跳羚（非洲南部的小羚羊, 善跳）.

sprinkle
[5spriNkl; 5spriNkl] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ A (on/onto/over B); ~ B (with A) scatter or throw sth in small drops or particles; scatter a shower of small drops, etc on (a surface) 撒某物; 将某物 在（另一物的表面）上: * sprinkle water on a dusty path/sprinkle a dusty path with water 把水 在尘土飞扬的小路上 * sprinkle pepper on one's food 把胡椒 在食物上. =>Usage at scatter 用法见scatter. 派生： sprinkle n (usu sing 通常作单数) sprinkling 少量; 少数: a sprinkle of sand 一点沙子. sprinkler[5spriNklE(r); 5spriNkll] n device for sprinkling water (eg on a lawn) or as part of a fire-extinguishing system installed in a building 水装置; 水器; 消防喷嘴: * [attrib 作定语] a `sprinkler system, ie set of sprinklers in a building that operate automatically when there is a rise in temperature caused by a fire 自动喷 灭火设备. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page vii. sprinkling[5spriNkliN; 5spriNkliN] n ~ (of sth/sb) (usu sing 通常作单数) small amount or number 少量; 少数: * a sprinkling of rain 小雨 * a sprinkling of hooligans in the crowd 夹在人群中的一小撮小流氓.

sprint
[sprint; sprint] v [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn] run a short distance at full speed 短距离全速奔跑: * He had to sprint to catch the bus. 他得猛跑一阵才能赶上公共汽车. * He sprinted past the other runners just before reaching the tape. 他在到达终点之前全速冲刺, 超越了其他赛跑者. * She sprinted off/away into the distance. 她飞快地跑了. * She sprinted the length of the road. 她全速跑完了那条路的全长. =>Usage at run1 用法见run1. 派生： sprint n 1 run of this type 短距离的全速奔跑; 短跑: a 100m sprint 100米短跑. 2 similar burst of speed in swimming, cycling, etc （游泳、 自行车运动等的）冲刺. sprinter n person who sprints 短距离全速奔跑者; 短跑者; 短跑运动员: I'm a long-distance runner, not a sprinter. 我是长跑运动员, 不是短跑运动员.

sprite
[sprait; sprait] n fairy, elf or goblin 小仙子; 小精灵; 小妖精; 小妖怪.

sprocket
[5sprCkit; 5sprakit] n 1 each of several teeth on a wheel that connect with the links of a chain or the holes in a film or in paper or magnetic tape 链轮齿. 2 (also `sprocket-wheel) such a wheel, eg on a bicycle 链轮. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xiii.

sprout
[spraut; spraut] v 1 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (out/up) (from sth) begin to grow or appear; put out leaves, shoots, etc 长出来; 出现; 发芽; 萌芽: * We can't use these potatoes; they've all sprouted. 这些土豆儿不能吃了, 都出芽了. * new buds sprouting on the trees 树上长出的新芽 * The onions are beginning to sprout (up). 洋葱正在抽芽. * Abundant hair sprouted from his broad chest. 他宽阔的胸膛上长出许多毛. 2 [Tn] develop or produce (sth) 生出, 产生（某物）: * When do deer first sprout horns? 鹿在多大的时候开始生角? * Tom has sprouted a beard since we saw him last. 汤姆长胡子了, 我们上次见到他时还没长呢. 派生： sprout n 1 new shoot or bud of a plant 苗; 芽; 嫩枝: bean sprouts 豆芽. 2 = Brussels sprout (Brussels).

spruce
1[spru:s; sprus] adj tidy and clean in appearance; smart 外表整洁的; 漂亮的. 派生： spruce v (phr v) spruce (oneself/sb) up make(oneself/sb) tidy and clean; smarten up 使（自己[某人]）整洁; 打扮: He spruced (himself) up for the interview. 他打扮了一下去参加面试. * They were all spruced up for the party. 他们都打扮得漂漂亮亮的去参加聚会. sprucely adv. spruceness n [U].

sprung
1[sprQN; sprQN] pp of spring3.

spry
[sprai; sprai] adj (-er, -est) lively and active 活泼的; 活跃的: * still spry at eighty 八十岁仍很矫健. > spryly adv. spryness n [U].

spud
[spQd; spQd] n (infml 口) potato 土豆: * How many spuds do you want? 你要多少土豆儿? 复合： `spud-bashing n [U] (Brit army sl 英军俚) peeling potatoes, esp as a punishment 削土豆皮（尤指惩罚性的）.

spume
[spju:m; spjum] n [U] (arch 古) foam; froth 泡沫.

spun
pp of spin.

spunk
[spQNk; spQNk] n [U] 1 (dated infml 旧, 口) courage; spirit 勇气; 胆量; 活力. 2 (Brit sl 俚) semen 精液; . 派生： spunky adj (-ier, -iest) (dated infml 旧, 口) having spunk(1); plucky; spirited 有胆量的; 勇敢的; 劲头十足的.

spur
[spE:(r); spE] n 1 either of a pair of sharp-toothed wheels or projecting points, worn on the heels of a rider's boots and used to make a horse go faster 马刺: * a pair of spurs 一副马刺. 2 (fig 比喻) ~ (to sth) thing that urges a person on to greater activity; incentive 激励因素; 刺激; 鞭策: * the spur of poverty 穷则思变 * a spur to greater efficiency 提高效率的刺激因素. 3 thing shaped like a spur, esp the sharp hard projection on the back of a cock's leg 马刺状物; （尤指）雄鸡腿上的距. 4 ridge extending from a mountain or hill 山嘴; 支脉; 横岭. 5 road or railway track that branches off the main road or line （公路或铁路的）支线: * [attrib 作定语] a `spur road 岔道儿. 6 (idm 习语) on the ,spur of the `moment on a sudden impulse, without previous planning 一时冲动之下（未经仔细考虑）: * She went to London on the spur of the moment. 她一时兴起就到伦敦去了. * [attrib 作定语] a ,spur-of-the-moment i`dea 心血来潮的主意. win one's `spurs => win. 派生： spur v (-rr-) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p, Tnt] ~ sb/sth (on to sth/on) (a) make (one's horse) go faster by pricking it with spurs 以马刺策（马）前进. (b) strongly encourage sb/sth to do better, achieve more, etc; incite or stimulate sb/sth 激励或刺激某人[某事物]: The magnificent goal spurred the team on to victory. 他们那一球进得漂亮, 鼓舞了全队的士气夺取胜利. * He was spurred on by ambition. 他胸怀大志. 2 [Ip] (arch 古) ride fast or hard 骑马疾驰; 驰驱: The rider spurred on/forward to his destination. 骑者向目的地疾驰而去. spurred adj [usu pred 通常作表语] having spurs; fitted with spurs 有马刺; 装有马刺: booted and spurred 穿着带马刺的靴子 * spurred boots 装有马刺的靴子.

spurious
[5spjuEriEs; 5spjuriEs] adj not genuine or authentic; false or fake 假的; 伪造的: * spurious coins, credentials, documents, evidence 伪造的硬币、 证书、 文件、 证据 * a spurious argument 站不住脚的论据. > spuriously adv. spuriousness n [U].

spurn
[spE:n; spEn] v [Tn] reject or refuse (sb/sth) scornfully or contemptuously 傲慢地或轻蔑地拒绝（某人[某事物]）; 唾弃: * a spurned lover 被抛弃的情人 * spurn sb's offer of help 傲慢地拒绝某人提供的帮助 * She spurned his advances. 她轻蔑地拒绝了他的追求.

spurt
[spE:t; spEt] v 1 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (out) (from sth) (of liquids, flame, etc) come out in a sudden burst; gush （指液体、 火焰等）喷出, 迸出, 涌出: * water spurting from a broken pipe 从破裂的管子中喷出的水 * Blood spurted (out) from the wound. 血从伤口涌出. (b) [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (out) send out (liquids, flame, etc) in this way 喷出（液体、 火焰等）: * The wound was spurting blood. 伤口淌着血. * The volcano spurted (out) molten lava. 火山喷出了熔岩. 2 [I] increase one's speed, effort, etc suddenly, esp in a race or other contest 突然加速、 用力等; （尤指在赛跑等竞赛中）冲刺: * The runner spurted as he approached the line. 那赛跑选手在接近终点线时加速冲刺. 派生： spurt n 1 sudden bursting out; gush 喷射; 涌出: The water came out with a spurt. 水喷了出来. 2 sudden burst of speed, effort, activity, etc 突然的加速; 劲头的迸发; 活跃程度的突然增大: put on (ie make) a spurt 突然加速 * make a spurt for the line 向终点线冲刺 * a sudden spurt of energy, anger 精力的迸发、 突发的怒火 * working in spurts 一阵阵地拚命工作.

sputnik
[5sputnik; 5sputnik] n Russian artificial satellite orbiting the earth （俄国的）人造卫星.

sputter
[5spQtE(r); 5spQtl] v [I] 1 make a series of spitting or popping sounds 发出劈劈啪啪声; 毕剥作响: * sausages sputtering in the frying-pan 在煎锅中毕剥作响的香肠 * The engine sputtered feebly for a while and then stopped. 发动机发出一阵微弱的嗒嗒声後停了下来. 2 = splutter 1: * sputtering with embarrassment 尴尬得语无伦次. 派生： sputter n sputtering sound or way of speaking 劈啪声; 慌乱的说话方式.

sputum
[5spju:tEm; 5spjutEm] n [U] (fml or medical 文或医) liquid and mucus coughed up from the throat or lungs (esp as used to diagnose some diseases); saliva or spittle 痰（尤指可作诊断依据的）; 唾液; 口水.

spy
[spai; spai] n 1 person who tries to get secretinformation about military affairs, etc, esp one employedby a government to do this in another country 间谍: * suspected of being a spy 有间谍嫌疑的 * [attrib 作定语] a spy trial 对间谍嫌疑犯的审讯. 2 person who secretly watches and reports on what others do, where they go, etc 秘密侦察他人行动者; 密探: * police spies, ie people employed by the police to watch suspected criminals 警方的密探 * industrial spies, ie those employed to learn the secrets of business rivals, etc 工业间谍. Cf 参看 mole2 2. 派生： spy v (pt, pp spied) 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (on sb); ~ (on/into sth) (a) keep watch secretly 暗中监视; 侦察; 窥探: spy on the enemy's movements 侦察敌方行动 * spy into other people's affairs 窥探他人的私事 * I'm sure my neighbours spy on me. 我肯定邻居暗中监视我. (b) be a spy; collect secret information 作间谍或窥探活动; 收集机密情报: She was accused of spying for the enemy. 她被指控为敌方间谍. 2 [Tn, Tng] (fml or joc 文或谑) (usu not in the continuous tenses 通常不用於进行时态) observe (sb/sth); see; notice 观察（某人[某事物]）; 看见; 注意到: We spied three figures in the distance. 我们望见远处有叁个人影儿. * I spy someone coming up the garden path. 我看到有人正沿着花园小径走来. 3 (idm 习语) ,spy out the `land assess the situation by making discreet inquiries, etc 摸清情况. 4 (phr v) spy sth out explore and discover (esp an illegal activity) without being observed 暗中查明（尤指非法活动）. 复合： `spyglass n small telescope 小望远镜.

Sq
abbr 缩写 = (in street names) Square （用於街道名）路, 街, 道: 6 Hanover Sq 汉诺威道6号.

Sqn Ldr
abbr 缩写 = Squadron Leader 空军少校: Sqn Ldr (Philip) Jones 皇家空军少校（菲利普．）琼斯.

squab
[skwCb; skwab] n 1 young pigeon, esp when eaten as food 乳鸽. 2 soft seat or cushion, esp as part of a seat in a car 软座, 软坐垫（尤指汽车的）.

squabble
[5skwCbl; 5skwabl] v [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb) (about/over sth) quarrel noisily (as children do), esp over unimportant matters 大声争吵（尤指为琐事, 如儿童间的）: * birds squabbling over bits of bread 为争一些小面包屑叽叽喳喳叫的鸟 * Tom keeps squabbling with his sister about who is going to use the bicycle. 汤姆跟妹妹都争着要骑那辆自行车. 派生： squabble n noisy quarrel about sth unimportant 无谓的大声争吵.

squad
[skwCd; skwad] n [CGp] (a) small group of soldiers working or being trained together （军队中的）班. (b) group of people, eg athletes or sportsmen, working as a team 小队, 小组（如由运动员组成的）: * the Olympic squad, ie the athletes chosen to represent their country at the Olympic Games 参加奥林匹克运动会的国家代表队. 派生： squaddie (also squaddy) n (Brit sl 俚) soldier, esp a young private; recruit 士兵（尤指年轻的列兵）; 新兵: a bunch of squaddies 一帮新兵. 复合： `squad car police patrol car 巡逻警车.

squadron
[5skwCdrEn; 5skwadrEn] n [CGp] 1 group of military aircraft forming a unit in the Royal Air Force 英国皇家空军中队. 2 group of warships on specialservice 海军中队. 3 division of a cavalry or an armouredregiment 骑兵中队; 装甲连. 复合： `squadron leader (abbr 缩写 Sqn Ldr) officer commanding a squadron in the Royal Air Force （英国）皇家空军中队长, 皇家空军少校. =>App 9 见附录9.

squalid
[5skwClid; 5skwalid] adj (derog 贬) 1 very dirty and unpleasant (esp because of neglect or poverty) 污秽的; 肮脏的; 邋遢的: * squalid housing 肮脏的房屋 * living in squalid conditions 住在污秽的环境中. 2 morally degrading; sordid 道德败坏的; 卑鄙的: * a squalid tale of greed and corruption 描述贪得无厌和腐败堕落等丑恶现象的故事. > squalidly adv.

squall
[skwC:l; skwCl] n 1 sudden violent wind, often with rain or snow 飑（突起的狂风, 常夹有雨或雪）. 2 loud cry or scream of pain or fear (esp from a baby) （因痛苦或恐惧而发出的）高声哭喊, 尖叫（尤指幼儿的）. 派生： squall v [I] cry noisily 大声哭喊; 尖叫: a squalling baby 嚎哭的幼儿. squally adj having squalls (squall 1) 有狂风的: a squally February day 二月里狂风大作的一天 * squally showers of rain or sleet 狂风中的一阵阵雨或雨夹雪.

squalor
[5skwClE(r); 5skwall] n [U] squalid state 污秽; 卑劣: * the squalor of the slums 贫民窟的污秽状况 * live in abject squalor 住在肮脏凄惨的环境中.

squander
[5skwCndE(r); 5skwandl] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (on sb/sth) waste (time, money, etc); use sth wastefully 浪费（时间、 金钱等）; 挥霍: * He's squandered all his savings on drink. 他把存的钱全买酒喝了. * (fig 比喻) Don't squander your affection on him he'll never love you. 别把感情耗在他身上了--他永远不会爱你的. > squanderer n.

squarish
[5skweEriF; 5skweriF] adj approximately square 近似方形的; 方方的.

squash
1[skwCF; skwaF] v 1 (a) [Tn, Cn.a] press or squeeze (sb/sth) flat or into a pulp; crush 将（某人[某物]）压扁, 压烂, 挤扁, 挤碎: * squashed tomatoes 挤烂的蕃茄 * The cat got run over by the lorry and squashed. 那只猫被卡车辗死了. * He sat on his hat and squashed it (flat). 他把帽子坐扁了. (b) [I] become squashed or pressed out of shape 被压扁或压烂; 因挤压而变形: * Soft fruit squashes easily. 无核的小水果容易压烂. 2 [Ipr, Ip, Tn.pr, Tn.p] force (sth/sb/oneself) in the specified direction by squeezing; crowd 将（某物[某人/自己]）向某方向挤; 挤进去: * Don't all try to squash into the lift together. 不要统统挤进电梯里去. * They squashed through the gate into the football ground. 他们挤过大门, 进入足球场. * There's room for one more in the car if you squash in. 汽车里还可以坐一个, 你挤进来吧. * They managed to squash forty people into the bus. 那辆公共汽车好不容易塞进了四十个人. * She squashed her clothes down into the suitcase. 她把衣服塞进箱子里了. 3 [Tn] (infml 口) silence or subdue (sb) rudely, esp with an unpleasant reply; snub 粗暴地使（某人）住嘴; 镇住（某人）; （尤指）拿话噎（某人）; 厉声呵斥: * I felt completely squashed by her sarcastic comment. 她冷嘲热讽把我噎得一句话都说不出来. 4 [Tn] (a) defeat or subdue (a rebellion, etc); crush 平定（叛乱等）; 镇压; 制服. (b) (infml 口) reject or dismiss (an idea, a proposal, etc) 拒绝接受（主意、 提议等）: * My plan was firmly squashed by the committee. 委员会把我的计画全盘否定了. 5 (phr v) squash (sb) up (against sb/sth) (cause sb to) press tightly and uncomfortably (against another person or thing) （使某人）（跟他人或某物）挤在一起: * We had to squash up to make room for the others who wanted to use the lift. 我们得挤出空位让其他想搭电梯的人进来. * There were four of us squashed up against each other on the seat. 我们四个人挤在座位上.

squash1
派生： squash n 1 (a) [C usu sing 通常作单数] crowd of people pressed together in a confined space 拥挤的人群: What a squash! 真拥挤呀! * a violent squash at the gates 在门口拚命猛挤的人群. (b) state of being pressesd together in this way 拥挤: It'll be a bit of a squash, but I think I can get you all in the car. 挤是挤一点, 但我看可以把你们全弄上汽车. 2 [U, C] (Brit) soft drink made from fruit juice, sugar and water, usu sold in bottles and drunk with water added 果汁饮料（通常为瓶装, 饮用时加水）: some orange squash 一些橙汁饮料 * Two squashes, please. 请来两客果汁饮料. 3 [U] (also fml 正规作 `squash rackets) game played with rackets and a small softish hollow rubber ball, in a court enclosed by walls and a roof （软式）墙网球; 壁球: [attrib 作定语] a squash racket, ball, court, game 墙网球的球拍、 球、 球场、 比赛 * Do you play squash? 你会打墙网球吗? Cf 参看 racket1 2. =>illus 见插图. squashy adj easily squashed; soft 易压扁的; 易压烂的; 软的: a big squashy sofa 柔软的大沙发 * The fruit is rather squashy. 这种水果怕压.

squat
1[skwCt; skwat] v (-tt-) 1 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (down) (a) (of people) sit on one's heels or on the ground with the knees drawn up under or close to the body; crouch （指人）蹲, 收膝而坐, 伏下身子: * The old man squatted (down) by the fire. 老人蹲在炉火旁. =>illus at kneel 见kneel插图. (b) (of animals) crouch with the body closeto the ground （指动物）伏在地上. (c) (infml 口 esp Brit) sit 坐: * Can you find somewhere to squat? 你找个地方坐下好吗? 2 [I] occupy an empty building or settle on un-occupied land, etc without permission 擅自占用空建 ; 擅自在空地上安家: * homeless people squatting in a derelict house 擅自居住在破败的空屋里的无家可归的人. 派生： squat n 1 [sing] squatting position 蹲; 收膝而坐. 2 [C] building occupied by squatters (squatter 2) 被擅自占用的建 物: living in a squat 住在私占的屋子里. squatter n 1 person who sits in a squatting position 蹲着的人. 2 person who occupies a building or land without permission 擅自占用房屋或土地的人: claim squatters' rights 要求获得擅自占房者应得的权利. 3 (Austral 澳) sheep-farmer 牧羊场主.

squaw
[skwC:; skwC] n N American Indian woman or wife 北美印第安女子或妻子.

squawk
[skwC:k; skwCk] v [I] 1 (esp of birds) utter a loud harsh cry (eg when hurt or frightened) （尤指鸟）发出响而粗的叫声（如受伤或受惊时）: * The parrot squawked loudly. 那鹦鹉嘎嘎大叫. 2 (infml esp joc 口, 尤作戏谑语) complain loudly 大声诉苦或抗议. 派生： squawk n 1 loud harsh cry 刺耳的大叫. 2 loud complaint 大声的诉苦或抗议.

squeak
[skwi:k; skwik] n 1 short high-pitched cry or sound 短促而尖利的叫声或响声: * the squeak of a mouse 老鼠的吱吱叫声 * The door opened with a squeak. 门吱嘎一声打开了. 2 (idm 习语) a narrow squeak => narrow. 派生： squeak v 1 [I] make a squeak 发出短促而尖利的声音: Can you hear the mice squeaking? 你听到老鼠吱吱叫吗? * These new shoes squeak. 穿上这双新鞋走起路来嘎吱嘎吱的. 2 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (out) say sth in a squeaking voice 以尖利的声音说话: `Let go of me!’ he squeaked nervously. ‘放开我!’他紧张地尖声嚷道. * squeak out a few frightened words 惊恐地尖叫几声. 3 [I] (sl 俚) give secret information (esp to the police); become an informer 告密（尤指向警方）; 充当告密者: Somebody's squeaked! 有人告密了! Cf 参看 squeal v. squeaker n. squeaky adj (-ier, -iest) making a squeaking sound 发短促而尖利的声音的: a squeaky floor 走上去嘎吱作响的地板 * in a squeaky voice 尖利的嗓音 * squeaky clean,ie washed so clean that it squeaks 极其乾净. squeakilyadv. squeakiness n [U].

squeal
[skwi:l; skwil] n high-pitched cry or sound, longer and louder than a squeak (often indicating terror or pain) 长而尖的叫声或响声（常因惊恐或痛苦所致）: * the squeal of brakes, eg on lorries 刹车发出的嘎的一声 * There were squeals of excitement from the children. 孩子们兴奋得大声尖叫. 派生： squeal v 1 [I] make a squeal 发出长而尖的声音: The pigs were squealing. 猪在尖叫. * He squealed like a pig. 他像猪似的号叫着. 2 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (out)say sth in a squealing voice 尖声地说; 号叫着说: He squealed the words out. 他吼叫着说出那些话. 3 [I, Ipr] ~ (on sb) (to sb) (sl 俚) give secret information (esp to the police about a partner or accomplice in crime); become an informer 告密（尤指向警方告发同伙或同谋）; 充当告密者: He squealed on his friends. 他把朋友给告了. squealer n 1 animal that squeals 尖声号叫的动物. 2 (sl 俚) informer 告密者.

squeamish
[5skwi:miF; 5skwimiF] adj 1 (a) having a delicate stomach and easily made sick （因胃过敏）易恶心的. (b) easily disgusted, shocked or offended 易生厌的; 易受惊的; 易生气的; 神经质的: * an explicit and violent film, definitely not for the squeamish 一部露骨的、 渲染暴力的影片, 神经脆弱的人肯定受不了. 2 too scrupulous, modest or proper (about principles, morals, etc) （在原则、 道德等方面）过分拘谨的、 谦虚的或正经的. > squeamishly adv. squeamishness n [U].

squeegee
[5skwi:dVi:, 7skwi:'dVi:; 5skwidVi, skwi'dVi] n 1 tool with a rubber edge on a long handle, used for removing water, etc from smooth surfaces 橡皮清洁刷（用於抹去光滑表面的水等）: * use a squeegee to clean windows 用橡皮清洁刷擦窗户. 2 similar tool with a small rubber roller on a short handle for pressing water from photographic prints （挤出相片水分的）橡皮瑼子. 派生： squeegee v (pt, pp -geed) [Tn] use a squeegee on (sth) 用此等工具擦或辗瑼.

squeeze
[skwi:z; skwiz] v 1 (a) [Tn, Tn.p, Cn.a] press on (sth) from opposite sides or all sides 挤, 榨, 捏, 向内收紧（某物）: * squeeze a sponge, a tube of toothpaste 挤海绵、 牙膏 * squeeze sb's hand, eg as a sign of affection, sympathy, etc 握着某人的手捏一捏（如表示爱意、 同情等） * a doll that squeaks when you squeeze it 一捏会叫的玩具娃娃 * squeeze the dish-cloth out 把洗碗布挤乾 * squeeze a lemon dry 把柠檬榨乾 * (fig 比喻) a company squeezed by (ie under financial pressure because of) reduced sales 因销售量下降而处境困难的公司. (b) [Tn.pr] ~ sth into sth change the shape, size, etc of sth into that specified by doing this 将某物挤成某形状、 大小等: * squeeze paste into a ball 把面团捏成球形. 2 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (from/out of sth); ~ sth (out) get (water, juice, etc) out of sth by pressing it hard 挤出, 榨出（水、 汁等）: * squeeze the juice out of a lemon 榨柠檬汁 * squeeze the water out (of the cloth) 把（那块布中的）水挤出 * (fig 比喻) squeezed out of the job market by younger men 被年轻人挤出了就业市场 * She felt as if every drop of emotion had been squeezed out of her. 她感到自己的感情被榨得一滴不剩了. (b) [Tn.pr] cause sth to move from one place to another by squeezing 以挤压的方式使某物移动: * squeeze lemon-juice into a glass 向玻璃杯中挤柠檬汁 * squeeze toothpaste from the tube onto a toothbrush 把牙膏挤到牙刷上. 3 [Ipr, Ip, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ (sb/sth) into, through, etc sth; ~ (sb/sth) through, in, past, etc force (oneself/sb/sth) into, through, etc a narrow gap or restricted space （使某人[某物]）挤入, 挤过: * squeeze through a gap in the hedge/through a crowd 由树篱的缺口挤过去[从人丛中挤过去] * squeeze (one's way) onto a crowded bus 挤上拥挤的公共汽车 * There were already four people in the lift, but he managed to squeeze in. 电梯里已经有四个人了, 但他还是挤进去了.

squeeze1
* Can you squeeze past/by? 你能挤过去吗? * She squeezed as many books onto the shelf as she could. 她把书架塞得不能再满了. * (fig 比喻) I've a busy morning but I could squeeze you in (ie find time for you) at 10.15. 我上午没空, 但10点15分时可以挤出点时间来给你. 4 (phr v) squeeze sth out of sb get sth from sb by applying pressure (eg threats of violence, force, harsh laws) 向某人榨取某事物; 勒索; 敲诈: * squeeze more money out of the taxpayer 向纳税人再榨取一些钱 * squeeze a promise out of sb 逼某人作出保证. squeeze (sb) up (against sb/sth) (cause sb to) press tightly and uncomfortably (against another person or thing); move closer together （使某人）（跟他人或某物）挤在一起; 贴近: * There'll be enough room if we all squeeze up a bit. 咱们大家挤一挤就够地方了. * I had to sit squeezed up against the wall. 我得紧贴着墙坐. 派生： squeeze n 1 [C] (a) act of squeezing 挤; 榨; 捏; 向内收紧的动作: give the tube of toothpaste a squeeze 把牙膏挤一挤. (b) affectionate hug or clasp 亲切的拥抱或握手: a hug and a squeeze 亲热的拥抱 * She gave my hand a gentle squeeze. 她握着我的手, 轻轻捏了捏. 2 [C] small amount of sth produced by squeezing 挤出来的少量事物: a squeeze of lemon in your drink 挤在你饮料中的少量柠檬汁. 3 [sing] state of being squeezed, as when many people or things are pressed tightly together 拥挤; 挤压: It was a tight squeeze but we finally got all the clothes into the case. 箱子已经很满了, 但我们还是把衣服全塞进去了. 4 [C usu sing 通常作单数] difficulty or hardship caused by shortage of money or time, etc 缺少钱或时间等所引致的困难或困苦; 拮 ; 短缺: She's just lost her job, so they're really feeling the squeeze. 她刚失了业, 这下他们真正感到艰难了. 5 [C] (infml 口) restrictions on borrowing, etc during a financial crisis 银根紧缩: a credit squeeze 信贷紧缩.

squeeze2
6 (idm 习语) put the squeeze on sb (to do sth) (infml 口) put pressure on sb to act in a particular way 对某人施加压力（以迫使其做某事）. a tight squeeze => tight. squeezer n (usu in compounds 通常用以构成复合词) device for squeezing out juice, etc 压榨器; 榨汁器: a `lemon-squeezer 柠檬榨汁器.

squelch
[skweltF; skweltF] v 1 [I] make a sucking sound as when feet are lifted from thick sticky mud 发吧唧声或扑哧声（如脚从黏泥中拔出时）: * water squelching in my boots 我靴子里的水扑扑作响. 2 [Ipr, Ip] move in the specified direction making this sound 发出吧唧声或扑哧声行走: * cows squelching across the field 发出吧唧声穿过牧场的母牛 * squelching along (in the mud) （在泥泞中）扑哧扑哧向前走. 派生： squelch n squelching sound 吧唧声; 扑哧声.

squib
[skwib; skwib] n 1 small firework that jumps around on the ground making a hissing sound before exploding 蹦蹦炮（先在地上发醚醚声蹦跳, 然後再爆炸的小爆竹）. 2 (idm 习语) a damp squib => damp1.

squid
[skwid; skwid] n (pl unchanged or ~s 复数或不变或作 squids) [C, U] sea creature related to the cuttle-fish with ten arms round the mouth 枪乌贼; 鱿鱼: * Would you like some squid? 你想来点儿鱿鱼吗? =>illus at octopus 见octopus插图.

squidgy
[5skwidVi; 5skwidVi] adj (infml 口 esp Brit) soft and moist; soggy 软而湿的; 很潮的: * a nice squidgy cream cake 松软可口的奶油蛋糕.

squiffy
[5skwifi; 5skwifi] adj (-ier, -iest) (Brit infml 口) slightly drunk 微醉的.

squiggle
[5skwigl; 5skwigl] n short twisting or wavy line, esp in handwriting; scribble 歪扭的或波形的短线条（尤指笔画）; 潦草的字迹: * Is this squiggle supposed to be a signature? 这歪歪扭扭的玩意儿就算是签名吗? > squiggly[5skwigli; 5skwigli] adj.

squint
[5skwint; skwint] v 1 [I] have eyes that do not move together but look in different directions at once 患斜视. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (at, through, up, etc sth) look (at sth) with eyes half shut or turned sideways, or through a narrow opening 着眼睛, 乜斜着眼睛（看某物）; 瞟; 从小孔或缝隙里看, 窥看（某物）: * squinting in the bright sunlight 在很亮的阳光下 起眼睛 * squinting through the letter-box 从投信口向信箱里面看. 派生： squint n 1 (abnormal condition causing the) squinting position of an eyeball or eyeballs 斜视; 斜视症: He was born with a squint. 他先天斜视. * They both have squints. 他俩都是斜视. 2 (Brit infml 口) look or glance 看; 瞥: Have/Take a squint at this. 你看看这个吧. squint adv, adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (infml 口) not straight; askew 不直（的）; 歪斜（的）: The bottle-top has been screwed on squint. 瓶盖儿没拧正. squinty adj: squinty eyes 斜视眼.

squire
[5skwaiE(r); skwair] n 1 (in titles 称谓中作 Squire) (formerly) country gentleman, esp the chief landowner in a country district （旧时）乡绅（尤指乡区的大地主）. 2 (formerly) young man who was a knight's attendant until he himself became a knight （旧时）骑士的年轻扈从（直至自己成为骑士时为止）. 3 (US) justice of the peace or local judge 治安法官; 地方法官. 4 (Brit infml or joc 口或谑) (used as a friendly but respectful form of address by one man to another 用作男人间亲切而尊敬的称谓): * What can I get you, squire? 您要点儿什麽, 先生? 派生： squirearchy[5skwaiEra:ki; 5skwai7rarki] n [CGp] landowners as a class having political or social influence (esp formerly in England) 地主阶级, 乡绅阶层（尤指英格兰旧时的）.

squirm
[skwE:m; skwEm] v 1 [I, Ipr, Ip] move by twisting the body about; wriggle; writhe 蠕动; 扭动: * He was squirming (around) on the floor in agony. 他躺在地上痛苦地扭动着. 2 [I] feel embarrassment, discomfort, or shame 难为情; 不舒服; 羞愧: * It made him squirm to think how he'd messed up the interview. 他想到面试时自己表现得那麽差劲儿, 心里真不是滋味儿.

squirrel
[5skwirEl; - 'skwE:rEl; 5skwEEl] n 1 [C] small tree-climbing animal with a bushy tail and red or grey fur 松鼠: * Red squirrels are now very rare in Britain. 红色的松鼠在英国已十分罕见了. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page iii. 2 [U] its fur 松鼠的毛皮: * [attrib 作定语] a squirrel hat 松鼠皮帽.

squirt
[skwE:t; skwEt] v (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (out of/from sth); ~ sth (out) force (liquid, powder, etc) out in a thin stream or jet 使（液体、 粉末等）喷出: * squirt soda-water into a glass 把苏打水倒进玻璃杯 * squirt oil out (of a can) into a machine 把油（从罐中）喷入机器内 * Stop squirting water at me! 别对我喷水了! (b) [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (out of/from sth); ~ (out) (of liquid, powder, etc) be forced out in this way （指液体、 粉末等）喷出: * Water squirted (from the tap) all over me. （龙头里的）水喷了我一身. * I squeezed the bottle and the sauce squirted out. 我把瓶子一捏, 沙司就挤出来了. (c) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (with sth) cover sb/sth with liquid, powder, etc forced out in this way 向某人[某物]喷液体或粉末等: * The little girl squirted us with (water from) her water-pistol. 那小姑娘用水枪向我们射（水）. 派生： squirt n 1 (a) thin stream or jet of liquid, powder,etc （液体、 粉末等的）喷射. (b) small quantity producedby squirting 喷射出的少量液体或粉末等. 2 (infml derog 口, 贬) small or unimportant but self-assertive person 年轻或地位不高但很自负的人; 妄自尊大的人: He's such a little squirt. 他年纪不大, 傲气不小.

Sr
abbr 缩写 = 1 Sen 3. 2 (religion 宗) Sister: Sr Mary Francis 玛丽．弗朗西斯修女.

SRC
[7es a: 'si:; 7es ar 'si] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Science Research Council 科学研究委员会: * SRC-funded projects 科学研究委员会资助的项目.

SRN
[7es a:r 'en; 7es ar 'en] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) State Registered Nurse (with 3 years' training) 国家注册护士（经3年培训者）: * be an SRN 为国家注册护士 * Sally Ward SRN 萨莉．沃德, 国家注册护士. Cf 参看 SEN.

SS
abbr 缩写 = 1 Saints. 2[7es 'es; 7es 'es] steamship: * SS Warwick Castle 沃里克城堡号汽船.

St
abbr 缩写 = 1 Saint: St Peter 圣彼得. Cf 参看 S 1. 2 Street: Fleet St 弗利特街（旧译舰队街）.

Sta
abbr 缩写 = (esp on a map 尤作地图上的标记) Station: Victoria Sta 维多利亚站.

stab
[stb; stAb] v (-bb-) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] pierce (sth) or wound (sb) with a pointed tool or weapon; push (a knife, etc) into sb/sth 戳（某物）; 刺伤（某人）; 用（刀等）捅某人[某物]: * He was stabbed to death, ie killed by being stabbed. 他被刺死了. * She stabbed him in the leg with a kitchen knife. 她拿菜刀捅伤了他的腿. * He stabbed the meat with his fork/stabbed his fork into the meat. 他用叉子 肉. 2 (idm 习语) stab sb in the `back (infml 口) attack sb's position, reputation, etc treacherously; betray sb 背地里中伤某人; 背叛某人. 3 (phr v) stab at sb/sth aim a blow at sb/sth with or as if with a pointed weapon 扎向某人[某物]: He stabbed at the earth with his stick. 他拿手杖戳着地. * She stabbed at the air with her finger to emphasize what she was saying. 她手指一戳一戳的, 强调她说的话. =>Usage at nudge 用法见nudge. 派生： stab n 1 (a) act of stabbing; blow made by stabbing 刺; 戳; 捅; 扎; 戳击: [attrib 作定语] several stab wounds 几处刺伤的地方. (b) wound made by stabbing 刺伤或捅伤的伤口: a stab in the arm 手臂上捅的伤口. 2 sudden sharp pain caused by, or as if by, stabbing 刺痛: a stab of pain in the chest 胸部的一阵刺痛 * a stab of guilt 强烈的内疚. 3 (idm 习语) have a stab at sth/doing sth (infml 口) attempt (to do) sth 尽力做某事: You'll never mend your car like that let me have a stab at it. 你这样怎麽能修好汽车--让我来试试吧. a ,stab in the `back (infml 口) treacherous attack, eg on sb's reputation or position; betrayal 背後的中伤; 背叛行为. stabber n person who stabs sb （用刀等）刺人的人. stabbing adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of pain, etc) very sharp and sudden as if caused by a stab （指疼痛等）突然而剧烈的, 似被刀刺的: a stabbing pain in the chest 胸部的一阵刺痛. n instance of stabbing or being stabbed with a knife, etc 用利器伤人的事件: The police are worried about the increase in the number of stabbings in the city. 市内利器伤人案增多, 警方甚感忧虑.

stable
1[5steibl; 5stebl] adj (a) firmly established or fixed; not likely to move or change 稳定的; 稳固的; 牢固的; 安定的: * a stable relationship, job, government 稳定的关系、 工作、 政府 * a house built on stable foundations 建在牢固基础上的房子 * The patient's condition is stable. 病人情况稳定. (b) (of a person or his character) not easily upset or disturbed; well-balanced; reliable （指人或性格）沉稳的, 持重的, 可靠的: * Mentally she's very stable. 她情绪十分稳定. * He's about the most stable person I know. 我认识的人当中, 数他最稳重. (c) (of a substance) tending to stay in the same chemical or atomic state; not breaking down easily or naturally （指物质）稳定的（保持化学或原子状态的）, 不易变化的: * an element forming stable compounds 可形成稳定的化合物的元素. 派生： stability/stE'bilEti; stE'bilEti] n [U] quality or state of being stable 稳定性; 稳定状态; 沉稳. stabilize, -ise[5steibElaiz; 5stebl7aiz] v [I, Tn] (cause sth/sb to) become stable （使某事物）稳定; （使某人）变得沉稳: * His condition has now stabilized. 他的情况稳定下来了. * government measures to stabilize prices 政府采取的稳定物价的措施. stabilization, -isation[7steibElai'zeiFn; - -li'z-; 7steblE'zeFEn] n [U]. stabilizer, -iser/ 5steIbElaIzE(r); `stebE9laIzL/ n substance or device that stabilizes, esp a device that prevents an aircraft or ship from rolling, or one that helps to keep a child's bicycle upright 稳定装置; 稳定器; 平衡器; （飞行器的）安定面: * He can now ride his bike without stabilizers. 他现在骑自行车不需要平衡器了. stably[5steibli; 5stebli] adv: * in a stable manner 稳定地; 沉稳地.

staccato
[stE'ka:tEu; stE'kato] adj, adv (music 音) (to be played) with each successive note short, clear anddetached; not smooth(ly) （应奏成）断音（的）, 断奏（的）,不连贯（的）: * staccato notes 断音音符 * Play this phrase staccato. 这一乐句要奏成断音. * (fig 比喻) He shouted a series of staccato orders. 他一顿一顿地大声下了几道命令.

stack
[stAk; stAk] n 1 circular or rectangular pile of hay, straw, grain, etc, usu with a sloping top for storage in the open; rick （乾草、 麦秆、 谷物等的）堆, 垛（通常为斜顶, 便於露天贮存）: * a haystack 乾草垛. 2 pile or heap, usu neatly arranged 堆, 摞（通常指堆放得整齐的）: * a wood stack 木材堆 * a stack of newspapers 一摞报纸 * They put the rifles into a stack. 他们把步枪架在一起. 3 (esp pl 尤作复数) ~ of sth (infml 口) large number or quantity 大量; 一大堆: * stacks of money 大量的钞票 * I've got stacks of work to do. 我有一大堆工作要做. * There's a whole stack of bills waiting to be paid. 有一大堆帐要付呢. 4 (a) tall chimney (esp on a factory) or funnel (on a ship) for carrying away smoke 大烟筒（尤指工厂的）; （船上的）烟囱. (b) group of chimneys standing together 烟囱群. 5 (often pl 常作复数) rack with shelves for books in a library or bookshop （图书馆或书店的）书架. 6 number of aircraft circling at different heights while waiting for instructions to land at an airport 分层盘旋的待降机群. 7 (idm 习语) blow one's stack => blow1. 派生： stack v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) make sth into a stack or stacks; pile sth up 将某物堆起或摞起: Please stack your chairs before you leave. 走之前请把椅子摞在一起. * stack logs (into piles) 把原木堆起来 * stack (up) the dishes on the draining-board 把碗盘摞起放在滴水板上. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) put heaps or piles of things on or in (a place) 把某物堆放於（某处）: The whole garden was stacked with bricks. 园子里堆满了砖. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (against sb) arrange (playing-cards) unfairly 洗（纸牌）时作弊: (US) stack the deck, ie arrange a whole pack of cards in this way 洗牌时做手脚. 4 (a) [I, Ip] ~ (up) (of an aircraft) fly in a stack(6) while waiting to land （指飞行器）定高盘旋（以等待降落）.

stack1
(b) [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) make (aircraft) fly in a stack; arrange (aircraft) in a stack 使（飞行器）分层盘旋待降; 指示（飞行器）分层盘旋待降. 5 (idm 习语) have the cards/odds stacked a`gainst one be at a disadvantage or in a difficult situation, so that one seems unlikely to succeed 处於不利的地位或困境（因而难以成功）. 6 (phr v) stack up (against sth) (US infml 口) compare (with sth); measure up (to sth) 能（与某事物）相比; 比得上（某事物）: How well do you think this washing powder stacks up against your usual brand? 这种洗衣粉跟你常用的那种比怎麽样?

stadium
[5steidiEm; 5stediEm] n (pl ~s or -dia[-diE; -diE] ) enclosed area of land for games, athletic contests, etc, usu with seats for spectators 体育场, 运动场（通常有看台）: * build a new stadium for the Olympic Games 为奥林匹克运动会建造新的体育场.

staff
[sta:f; - stAf; stAf] n 1 [C] strong stick or pole used as a support when walking or climbing, as a weapon, or as a symbol of authority or sign of office 手杖; 棍棒; 权杖: * The old man leant on a long wooden staff. 老人拄着一根长长的木手杖. 2 [C usu sing 通常作单数, Gp] group of assistants working together in a business, etc responsible to a manager or person in authority 全体职工; 全体雇员: * the hotel staff 旅馆的全体工作人员 * We need more staff in the office. 我们办公室需要增加人手. * I have a staff of ten. 我手下有十个职员. * The staff in this shop are very helpful. 这家店里的店员很热心. 3 [pl v] people in authority in an organization (contrasted with students, etc); those doing administrative work (as distinct from manual work) 当权的人员（相对於学生等而言）; 行政人员（与体力劳动者相区分）: * a head teacher and her staff （女）校长及全体 教师 * a new member of (the) staff 新来的职员 * The school staff are expected to supervise school meals. 学校的教职员应监督学校的膳食. * [attrib 作定语] a staff party, room, meeting 职员的聚会、 活动室、 会议. 4 [C usu sing 通常作单数, Gp] group of senior army officers assisting a commanding officer （军队的）全体参谋人员: * the general's staff 将军的参谋人员 * [attrib 作定语] a `staff officer 参谋. 5 (also stave/steiv; stev] ) [C] (music 音) set of five horizontal parallel lines on which music is written 五线谱. =>illus at music 见music插图. 6 (idm 习语) the ,staff of `life (arch or rhet 古或修辞) bread 面包. 派生： staff v [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] provide (sth) with staff(2); act as staff for 为（某部门）配备人员; 担任（某部门）的工作人员: a well-staffed hotel 工作人员齐全的旅馆 * The school is staffed entirely by graduates. 这个学校的教职员全是大学毕业生. * There's nobody to staff the office today. 今天这个办事处没有职员.

staff1
复合： `staff nurse hospital nurse ranking just below a sister(4) 医院护士（比护士长低一级）. `staff sergeant (a) (Brit) senior sergeant in a non-infantry (eg cavalry) company （非步兵连的）陆军上士. (b) (US) non-commissioned officer ranking just above a sergeant 陆军上士; 海军上士; 空军上士.

stag
[stAg; stAg] n 1 fully-grown male deer （成年的）牡鹿. =>illus at deer 见deer插图. Cf 参看 buck1 1, doe, fawn1 1, hart. 2 (Brit) person who buys newly issued stocks and shares hoping that the prices will rise and he will be able to make a quick profit 购买新上市股票的人（以期升值後售出迅速获利者）. 派生： stag adj [attrib 作定语] for men only 只限男子参加的: a stag night at the golf club 高尔夫球俱乐部中只限男子参加的晚会. 复合： `stag-beetle n large beetle with projecting mouth-parts which resemble a stag's antlers 锹甲. `stag-party n party for men only, esp one for a man just before he gets married 雄鹿会（只限男子参加的聚会, 尤指为准新郎举行的）. Cf 参看 hen-party (hen).

stage
[steidV; stedV] n 1 [C] platform or area (usu in a theatre) on which plays are performed to an audience 舞台（通常指剧场中的）: * He was on (the) stage for most of the play. 他几乎整出戏都在台上. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page ix. 2 the stage [sing] the profession of actors and actresses; life and work in the theatre 演员的职业; 戏剧表演; 舞台生涯: * She advised her son not to choose the stage as a career. 她劝儿子不要选择戏剧表演作职业. 3 [sing] (fig 比喻) scene of action; place where events occur 场所; （事件发生的）现场: * Geneva has become the stage for many meetings of world leaders. 日内瓦已成为世界领袖经常召开会议的地方. 4 [C] point, period or step in the development, growth or progress of sth/sb 某事物[某人]的发展、 成长或进步的程度、 时期或阶段: * at an early stage in our history 在我们历史发展的早期 * At this stage it's impossible to know whether our plan will succeed. 目前尚无法预见我们的计画能否实现. * The baby has reached the talking stage, ie is beginning to talk. 这婴儿已经会说话了. 5 [C] (a) distance between two stopping-places on a journey; part of a journey （行程中两站之间的）路程; 一段路: * travel by easy stages, ie only for a short distance at a time 分段作短程舒适的旅行 * She did the first stage of the trip by train. 她行程的第一段是乘火车的. (b) (Brit) section of a bus route for which there is a fixed fare （有固定票价的）一段公共汽车路程: * travel two stages for 30p 乘坐两段路程, 车费30便士. (c) stopping-place after such a part of a journey or bus-ride （一段路程终了的）站. 6 [C] section of a space-rocket with a separate engine, jettisoned when its fuel is used up （火箭的）级. 7 [C] (infml 口) = stage-coach: * take the next stage out of town 乘下一趟公共马车出镇. 8 (idm 习语) be/go on the `stage be/become an actor 当[成为]演员; 登台演出:

stage1
* She's wanted to go on the stage from an early age. 她从小就想当演员. set the stage for sth prepare for sth; make sth possible or easy 为某事作好准备或创造条件: * The president's recent death set the stage for a military coup. 总统最近死後, 酝酿着一场军事政变. ,up/,down `stage further from/nearer to the front of the stage when acting in a play, etc （演出时）在（向）舞台後部[前部]. 派生： stage v [Tn] 1 present (a play, etc) on a stage; put (sth) before the public 将（戏剧等）搬上舞台; 上演: stage a new production of `King Lear' 上演新编排的《李尔王》. 2 arrange for (sth) to take place; carry out 实行（某事）; 进行; 举行: stage a protest rally 举行抗议大会 * stage a `come-back, eg after retiring as a sportsman 复出. 复合： `stage-coach n (formerly) public vehicle pulled by horses carrying passengers (and often mail) along a regular route （旧时的）公共马车, 驿车. `stage direction note in the text of a play telling actors where to move, how to perform, etc on stage （剧本的）舞台指示. ,stage `door entrance at the back of a theatre used by actors, theatre staff, etc 剧场後门（供演员、 职员等进出的）. `stage fright nervousness felt by an actor, etc in front of an audience （演员等的）怯场. `stage-hand n person employed to help move scenery, etc in a theatre 舞台工作人员（负责移动布景、 道具等的）. ,stage `left left side of a stage for an actor facing the audience （面对观众的）舞台左侧. ,stage-`manage v [Tn] organize (sth) as or like a stage-manager 担任（某剧）的舞台监督; 对（某事）进行幕後安排: The demonstration had been carefully stage-managed to coincide with the Prime Minister's visit. 这次示威活动事先作了精心安排, 正好在首相访问时进行. ,stage-`manager n person in charge of a theatre stage, equipment, scenery, etc during the rehearsals and performances of a play 舞台监督.

stage2
,stage `right right side of a stage for an actor facing the audience （面对观众的）舞台右侧. `stage-struck adj (often derog 常作贬义) having a (too) great desire to become an actor （过分）渴望当演员的: His ten-year old daughter is completely stage-struck. 他那十岁的女儿想当演员都入迷了. ,stage `whisper loud whisper (on stage) that is intended to be heard by the audience 低声旁白（为让观众听见的舞台低语）.

stagflation
[7stAg'fleiFn; 7stAg'fleFEn] n [U] (finance 财) (formed from stagnation + inflation 由stagnation+inflation二词构成) state of monetary inflation without a corresponding increase in demand and employment 滞胀.

stagger
[5stAgE(r); 5stAgl] v 1 [I, Ipr, Ip] walk or move unsteadily as if about to fall (from carrying sth heavy, being weak or drunk, etc) 蹒跚; 踉跄; 摇晃着移动: * She staggered and fell. 她踉跄了几步, 跌倒在地. * stagger to one's feet, across the room, from side to side 摇摇晃晃地站起来、 走到房间的另一边、 忽左忽右 * staggering along, around, about, etc 摇摇摆摆地走着、转来转去、 四处走等. =>Usage at shuffle 用法见shuffle. 2 [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] (of news, etc) shock (sb) deeply; cause (sb) astonishment, worry or confusion （指消息等）使（某人）震惊、 担心或慌乱: * I was staggered to hear/on hearing/when I heard of his death. 我听到他死的消息大吃一惊. 3 [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] place (sth) in a zigzag or alternating arrangement 交错安排（某事物）; 使（某事物）错开: * a staggered junction, ie a cross-roads where the side-roads are not directly opposite each other 旁侧路口不相对的交叉处. 4 [Tn] arrange (the times of events) so that they do not occur together 错开（时间）: * staggered office hours, ie arranged so that employees are not all using buses, trains, etc at the same time 错开的办公时间（以减低使用交通工具的拥挤现象） * stagger the annual holidays 错开年假. 派生： stagger n unsteady staggering movement 蹒跚; 踉跄; 摇晃不稳的动作: He picked up the heavy suitcase and set off with a stagger. 他提起沉重的箱子, 打个趔趄就走了. staggering[5stAgEriN; 5stAgEriN] adj astonishing; shocking 令人吃惊的; 惊人的: * a staggering achievement 惊人的成就 * I find their decision simply staggering. 我觉得他们的决定简直太惊人了. staggeringly adv: * She's staggeringly beautiful. 她漂亮极了.

staging
[5steidViN; 5stedViN] n [C, U] 1 (usu temporary) platform or support for people working, eg on a building site; scaffolding （通常指临时的）工作台, 工作架; 脚手架. 2 (way or method of) presenting a play on the stage of a theatre （戏剧的）上演, 演出; 演剧技巧: * an imaginative new staging of `Macbeth' 以表现出丰富的想像力的新手法上演的《麦克佩斯》. 复合： `staging post regular stopping-place on a long journey, esp on an air route 中途站; （尤指飞机航线上的）中途机场.

stagnant
[5stAgnEnt; 5stAgnEnt] adj 1 (of water) not flowing and therefore dirty and smelling unpleasant; still and stale （指水）因不流动而污浊、 腐臭的, 静止而不新鲜的: * water lying stagnant in ponds and ditches 池塘和沟中的死水. 2 (fig 比喻) showing no activity (and therefore not developing or progressing); sluggish 停滞的; 不景气的: * Business was stagnant last month. 上个月生意萧条. > stagnancy[-nEnsi; -nEnsi] n [U].

stagnate
[stAg'neit; - 'stAgneit; 5stAgnet] v [I] 1 be or become stagnant(1) 不流动; 成为死水. 2 (fig 比喻) be or become dull or unsuccessful because of lack of activity, development, opportunity, etc 停滞; 变迟钝; 不景气; 不发展: * a stagnating industry 不景气的工业 * I feel I'm stagnating in this job. 我觉得我干这份工作没什麽前途. * His mind has stagnated since his retirement. 他退休後头脑迟钝了. > stagnation/stg'neiFn; stAg'neFEn] n [U].

stagy
[5steidVi; 5stedVi] adj (-ier, -iest) (usu derog 通常作贬义) (too) theatrical in style, manner or behaviour; exaggerated for effect （太）戏剧化的; 演戏似的; 做作的: * The room was decorated with stagy opulence. 那房间装饰得富丽堂皇, 像戏台似的. > stagily[-ili; -Eli] adv. staginess n [U].

staid
[steid; sted] adj (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) (of people, their appearance, behaviour, tastes, etc) serious, dull and old-fashioned; conservative （指人、 外表、 行为、 爱好等）古板的, 保守的, 一本正经的: * I was surprisedto see him at the jazz club; I always thought of him as a rather staid old gentleman. 我在爵士舞俱乐部见到他时很感意外, 我还一直以为他是个挺古板的绅士呢. > staidly adv. staidness n [U].

stain
[stein; sten] v 1 [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: * Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.a] ~ sth (with sth) change the colour of sth; leave or make coloured patches or dirty marks on sth, esp ones that are difficult to remove 改变某物的颜色; 染污, 沾污（某物）（尤指难以清除）: * fingers stained with nicotine 被尼古丁染黄的手指 * blood-stained hands 沾着血污的手 * a tablecloth stained with gravy 沾上肉汁的桌布 * The blackberry juice stained their fingers (red).黑莓汁把他们的手指给染（红）了. 2 [I] become discoloured or marked in this way 被染污; 被沾污: * Our white carpet stains easily. 我们的白地毯不耐脏. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.a] colour (wood, fabric, etc) with a substance that penetrates the material; dye 给（木材、 布等）染色或着色: * The biologist stained the specimen before looking at it through the microscope. 那位生物学家先把标本染色, 然後再通过显微镜进行观察. * He stained the wood dark brown. 他把木头染成深褐色了. 4 [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: * Tn, Tn.pr] (fml fig 文, 比喻) bring disgrace to or damage (sb's reputation, good name, etc); blemish 玷污, 败坏（某人的名声等）: * The incident stained his career. 那件小事给他的事业抹上了污斑. 派生： stain n 1 [U, C] liquid, etc used for staining wood, fabric, etc; dye 染色剂; 着色剂; 染料; 颜料: How much stain should I buy for the table? 给这张桌子上色, 我得买多少颜料? * a range of wood stains 木材着色剂系列. 2 [C] dirty mark or patch of colour caused by staining (stainv 1) 污点; 污斑; 污迹: There's an ink stain on your shirt. 你的衬衫上有一个墨水斑. * I can't get these coffee stains out of the carpet. 我弄不掉地毯上的咖啡污迹. [C] thing that causes disgrace (to a person's reputation, etc); moral blemish 玷污（某人名声等的）事物; 品德上的污点: He left the court without a stain on his character. 他经法庭一役, 人格丝毫无损.

stain1
stainless adj free from stains or blemishes; spotless 无污点的; 无瑕疵的: a stainless reputation 清白的名声. ,stainless `steel type of steel alloy that does not rust or corrode 不钢: knives made of stainless steel 不钢刀 * [attrib 作定语] a stainless steel sink 不钢洗涤槽. 复合： ,stained `glass glass coloured with transparent colouring while it is being made 彩色玻璃; 彩画玻璃: [attrib 作定语] a ,stained glass `window, ie one made of pieces of glass of different colours, as seen in many churches 彩画玻璃窗（由各色玻璃拼成, 常见於教堂中）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page viii.

stair
[steE(r); ster] n 1 stairs [pl] series of fixed steps from one floor of a building to another, usu inside （楼层之间的）楼梯（通常在建 物内）: * climb a long/short flight of stairs 上一大[小]段楼梯 * She always runs up/down the stairs. 她总是跑着上[下]楼梯. * I passed her on the stairs. 我在楼梯上遇见她了. * The stairs need cleaning. 楼梯该打扫一下了. * at the foot/head of the stairs, ie at the bottom/top of a set of stairs 在楼梯的下端[上端]. 2 [C] any one of these steps 梯级: * The child was sitting on the bottom stair. 那孩子正坐在楼梯最下面的一级上. * The top stair is broken. 楼梯最上面的一级坏了. =>illus 见插图. 3 (idm 习语) below `stairs (dated 旧) in the basement of a house (in large houses, formerly the part used by servants) 在地下室（指大房子中的, 旧时为仆人用的）: * Their affairs were being discussed below stairs, ie by the servants. 他们的仆人正在谈论他们的事情. 复合： `stair-carpet n strip of carpet for laying on stairs 楼梯地毯. `staircase (also `stairway) n set of stairs (often with banisters) and its supporting structure, inside a building （建 物内的）楼梯（常有栏杆）: a spiral staircase, ie stairs winding round a central pillar 螺旋式楼梯. =>illus 见插图. `stair-rod n metal or wooden rod fixed in the angle between two stairs to keep a stair-carpet in place 楼梯毯棍（两梯级间固定地毯用的）. `stairway n = staircase. `stairwell n part of a building containing the staircase; space for the stairs 楼梯井（建 物的楼梯占用的部分）. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: (Flights of) stairs are mostly found inside houses or other buildings where people live or work (eg an office block) * (flights of) stairs多见於房屋或其他供人居住或工作的建 物（如办公楼）中: He finds it difficult to climb the stairs with his bad leg.他的一条腿有毛病, 上楼梯很困难.

stair1
* vacuum the stairs 用吸尘器打扫楼梯. A staircase is the part of the building including the stairs and banisters and sometimes the walls and ceilings surrounding them *staircase指建 物内容纳楼梯及其栏杆的部分, 有时包括周围的墙壁和天花板: We must redecorate the staircase. 我们得把楼梯重新装饰一下. (Flights of) steps are usually made of stone or concrete and found outside or in an uninhabited building. * (flights of) steps通常为石料或混凝土制成的, 建於户外或非住房型的建 物中. We also talk of individual steps which make up a staircase or a flight of steps *steps还可用以指构成楼梯或一段台阶的梯级: I'll meet you on the steps of the museum. 我在博物馆的台阶上和你相见. * There are 150 steps to the top of the tower. 到塔顶有150级台阶. * sitting on the top/bottom step 坐在最上[下]的梯级上.

stake
[steik; stek] n 1 [C] strong wood or metal stick, pointed at one end, that can be driven into the ground, eg to support a young tree, as a post for a fence, etc or as a marker 桩; 标桩. 2 the stake [sing] (formerly) post to which a person was tied before being burnt to death as a punishment （旧时的）火刑柱: * be burnt at the stake 以火刑处死 * go to the stake, ie be killed in this way 处以火刑. 3 [C usu pl 通常作复数] money, etc risked or gambled on the unknown result of a future event (eg a race, a card-game) 赌注: * playing for high stakes 下大赌注. 4 money, etc invested by sb in an enterprise so that he has an interest or share in it 投资; 投放的本钱: * have a stake in a company 在一家公司有股份 * She has a stake in the future success of the business. 她在这项生意上投了资以期将来获利. 5 stakes (a) [pl] prize money, esp in a horse-race 奖金（尤指赛马的）. (b) (usu 通常作 Stakes) [sing v] (esp in names) horse-race in which all the owners of the horses in the race contribute to the prize money （尤用於名称中）有奖赛马（参赛马的马主均须捐款用作奖金）: * The Newmarket Stakes is always a popular race. 纽马基特赛马总是吸引很多人. 6 (idm 习语) at stake to be won or lost; being risked, depending on the outcome of an event 在胜败关头; 冒风险: * This decision puts our lives at stake. 这麽一决定, 我们的生命就吉凶难卜了. * Our children's education is at stake. 我们孩子的教育好坏无法预料. go to the stake over sth maintain (an opinion, a principle, etc) at any cost 不惜一切代价地坚持（观点、 原则等）: * I think I'm right on this issue but I wouldn't go to the stake over it. 我认为我在这个问题上是正确的, 但我并不想拚命坚持这一点. 派生： stake v 1 [Tn] support (sth) with a stake 用桩支撑（某物）: stake newly planted trees 用桩支撑新栽的树.

stake1
2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (on sth) gamble or risk (money, one's hopes, one's life, etc) on sth 拿（金钱、 希望、 生命等）就某事物打赌或冒险: stake 5 on the favourite, eg in a horse-race 在那个大热门（如赛马中的某匹马）上压5英镑 * I'd stake my life on it, ie I'm very confident about it. 我敢拿性命来担保. 3 [Tn] (US infml 口) give financial or other support to (sb/sth) 资助, 支持（某人[某事物]）: stake a business 资助一家公司. 4 (idm 习语) stake (out) a/one's `claim (to sb/sth) (a) mark out (a piece of land, etc) as one's own (esp formerly when arriving in a new country or area) 划（一块土地等）归为己有（尤指旧时初到某国或某地时）. (b) declare a special interest (in sb/sth); claim a right (to sb/sth) 声称（与某人[某事物]）有特殊关联; 提出（对某人[某事物]的）所有权要求: Several clubs have already staked a/their claim to this outstanding young footballer. 有几个足球俱乐部均表示这个年轻的足球健将是他们的人. 5 (phr v) stake sth out (a) mark (an area) with stakes (esp formerly to claim ownership) 用桩标出（地）界（尤指旧时用以表明所有权）. (b) declare a special interest in or right to (eg an area of study, a place) 声称对（研究领域、 地方等）有特殊关联或所有权: He's staked out this part of the house as his own. 他说屋子的这一部分归他所有. (c) (infml 口 esp US) (of the police) watch (a place) continuously and secretly （指警方）持续监视（某处）: Detectives have been staking out the house for two days now. 警方的侦查人员已对这座房子监视两天了. 复合： `stake-out n (infml 口 esp US) (a) continuous secret watch by the police; surveillance （警方的）监视. (b) area or house being watched in this way 受警方监视的地方或房子.

stalactite
[5stlEktait; - stE'lAktait; stE'lAktait] n icicle-shaped formation of lime hanging from the roof ofa cave, formed by the steady dripping of water containingminerals 钟乳石; 石钟乳; 石乳.

stalagmite
[5stlEgmait; - stE'lAgmait; stE'lAgmait] n formation of lime extending upwards like a pillar from the floor of a cave as water from a stalactite drips onto it 石笋. =>illus at stalactite 见stalactite插图.

stale
[steil; stel] adj 1 (esp of food) smelling or tasting unpleasant, mouldy or dry, because no longer fresh （尤指食物）不新鲜的, 走味的, 带霉味的, 乾瘪的: * stale biscuits, bread, cake, beer 不新鲜的饼乾、 面包、 糕饼、 啤酒 * the smell of stale cigarette smoke 陈旧香烟的烟味. 2 no longer interesting because heard, done, etc too often before; not new 因陈旧而乏味的; 过时的: * stale news, jokes, ideas 老掉牙的消息、 笑话、 思想 * Her performance has become stale. 她的表演没有新意了. 3 (of athletes, musicians, performers, etc) no longer able to perform well because of too much training, playing, practice, etc （指运动员、 音乐工作者、 表演者等）（因训练、 演奏、 练习等过度）疲沓的. 派生： stale v [I] become stale 变得不新鲜; 走味; 失去新意; 变得疲沓: The pleasure I get from listening to such music never stales. 这种音乐我百听不厌. staleness n [U].

stalemate
[5steilmeit; 5stel7met] n [U, C usu sing 作不可数名词或可数名词, 後者通常作单数] 1 position of the pieces in the game of chess in which the player whose move it is cannot move without putting his king in check （国际象棋中的）僵局, 和棋（一方只能移动王棋以摆脱困境）. 2 stage of a dispute, contest, etc at which further action or discussion by either side seems to be impossible; deadlock 僵持阶段; 僵局: * Negotiations have reached (a) stalemate. 谈判陷入了僵局. 派生： stalemate v [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] bring (sb/sth) to a position of stalemate 使（某人[某事物]）陷入僵局.

stalk
1[stC:k; stCk] n 1 main stem of a plant (not a tree) （植物的）茎, 秆: * daffodils with long stalks 茎很长的水仙花. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page ii. 2 stem that supports a leaf, flower or fruit and joins it to another part of the plant 叶柄; 花梗; 果实的柄: * Remove the stalks from the cherries before you eat them. 吃樱桃前要先把梗儿去掉. 3 thin structure supporting a part or organ in some animals （某些动物的）肉柄, 肉茎. 4 (idm 习语) have one's eyes on stalks => eye1.

stall
[stC:l; stCl] n 1 [C] compartment, usu with three sides, for one animal in a stable or cattle shed 牲畜棚中的一栏（通常叁面有墙）. 2 [C] (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) table, stand or small open-fronted shop from which things are sold in a market, on a street, in a railway station, etc 摊位; 铺子; 售货亭: * a `bookstall at the station 车站的书亭 * a `fruit stall in the market 菜场里的水果摊儿 * run a `cake stall at the bazaar 在市场中经营糕饼铺子. 3 stalls [pl] (Brit) (set of seats in) the part of a theatre that is nearest to the stage （戏院的）正厅前排（座位）: * two seats in the stalls 两个前排座位 * laughter from the stalls 前排观众发出的笑声. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page ix. 4 [C] any of several fixed seats, usu with its back and sides enclosed, in the choir or chancel of a church （教堂内）唱诗班席位; （高坛上的）牧师座位: * the canon's `stall 牧师的座位 * the `choir stalls 唱诗班席位. 5 [C] any small room or compartment, usu for one person 小房间, 小隔间（通常 指供单人使用的）: * stalls for changing in at the swimming-pool 游泳池的更衣间. 6 [C] (instance of the) stalling of an aircraft or engine; condition resulting from this （飞行器失速造成的）失控下降; （发动机的）熄火: * go into/get out of a stall 进入[脱离]失控下降状态. 7 [C] = finger-stall (finger). 派生： stall v 1 [Tn] place or keep (an animal) in a stall(1), esp for fattening 将（动物）关在栏内（尤指为了养肥）. 2 (a) [I] (of an engine) stop suddenly because of insufficient power or speed （指发动机因力量或速度不够）熄火: The car stalled at the roundabout. 那辆汽车在环形交叉处抛锚了. (b) [I, Tn] (of a driver) cause (an engine) to do this （指司机）使（发动机）熄火: Learner drivers often stall (their cars). 见习司机常造成（汽车）熄火现象.

stall1
3 (a) [I] (of an aircraft) get out of control and start to drop because of loss of speed （指飞行器）（因失速）失控下降: The plane stalled suddenly. 那飞机突然失控下降. (b) [I, Tn] (of a pilot) cause (an aircraft) to do this （指飞行器驾驶员）造成（飞行器）失控下降. 4 (a) [I] avoid giving a definite answer or taking action (in order to get more time); delay 支吾, 拖延（以争取时间）: stall for time 拖延时间 * Stop stalling and give me an answer! 别支支吾吾的了, 快回答我的问题! (b) [Tn] avoid answering (a person, request, etc) in this way 对（某人、 某要求等）支吾或敷衍: stall one's creditors 敷衍债主. 复合： `stall-holder n person who rents or owns and runs a stall in a market, etc 摊主; 铺子的主人; 售货亭主人.

stallion
[5stAliEn; 5stAljEn] n fully grown male horse thathas not been castrated, esp one used for breeding 牡马（尤指种马）. Cf 参看 colt1, gelding (geld), mare1 1.

stalwart
[5stC:lwEt; 5stClwlt] adj 1 (dated or fml 旧或文) (of a person) strong and sturdy （指人）强壮的, 健壮的, 结实的: * a boxer of stalwart build 体格强壮的拳击手. 2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] dependable, firm and loyal 坚定的; 忠实的: * one of the team's most stalwart supporters 这支运动队最坚定的支持者之一 * give the team stalwart support 忠实地支持那支运动队. 派生： stalwart n loyal supporter (of a political party, etc) （政党等的）忠实拥护者, 坚定分子: rally the stalwarts of the party 把这个党的坚定分子团结起来. stalwartly adv. stalwartness n [U].

stamen
[5steimEn; 5stemEn] n (botany 植) any of the small thin male parts in the middle of a flower that produce pollen 雄蕊.

stamina
[5stAminE; 5stAmEnE] n [U] ability to endure much physical or mental strain; long-lasting energy and resilience; staying-power 精力; 耐力; 韧劲: * Marathon runners need plenty of stamina. 参加马拉松长跑要有耐力. * He doesn't have the stamina to be a teacher. 他没有当教师的精力.

stammer
[5stAmE(r); 5stAml] v 1 (also stutter) [I] speak with sudden pauses and a tendency to repeat rapidly the same sound or syllable (because of a speech defect or from fear, excitement, etc) 口吃; 结巴着说话: * `G-g-give me that b-b-book,’ said Henry, unable to stop stammering. ‘给、 给、 给我那本、 本、 本书,’亨利结结巴巴地说. 2 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (out) say sth in this way 结巴着说某事: * `G-g-goodb-b-bye,’ she stammered. 她结结巴巴地说出: * ‘再、 再、 再见、 见、 见.’ * stammer out a request 结结巴巴地提出请求. 派生： stammer n (usu sing 通常作单数) (a) tendency to stammer 口吃; 结巴: speak with a stammer 说话结巴 * He's always had a slight stammer. 他一向有点儿口吃. (b) stammering speech 结巴的言语. stammerer[5stAmErE(r); 5stAmErl] n person who stammers 口吃的人; 结巴. stammeringly[5stAmEriNli; 5stAmEriNli] adv.

stamp
1[stAmp; stAmp] v 1 [I, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p, Cn.a]~ sth (down) put (one's foot) down heavily on (the ground, etc); flatten (sth) by doing this 重重地踩在（地面等）上; 跺; 踏平, 踩扁（某物）: * He stamped (his foot) in anger. 他气得直跺脚. * stamping the ground to keep warm 跺脚使身体暖和 * She stamped the soil (flat/down) round the plant. 她把那株植物周围的土踩（平[实]）了. 2 [I, Ipr, Ip] walk with loud heavy steps 迈着很重的步子走; 跺着脚走: * Don't stamp, you'll wake everyone up. 脚步别这麽重, 会把大家都吵醒的. * stamp about 跺着脚到处走 * stamp out of a room 迈着沉重的步子走出房间 * stamp upstairs 脚步重重地走上楼. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ A (on B); ~ B (with A) print (a design, the date, lettering, etc) on paper, cloth or some other surface; mark (paper, etc) with a design, an official seal, etc 在纸、 布或其他物体表面印上（图案、 日期、 文字等）; 在（纸等）的上面盖图案、 公章等: * They didn't stamp my passport. 我的护照上没盖章. * The librarian forgot to stamp my library books, ie with the date on which they should be returned. 图书管理员忘了在我借的书上盖日期了. * stamp one's name and address on an envelope/stamp an envelope with one's name and address 把自己的姓名地址盖在信封上 * crates of oranges stamped with the exporter's trademark 印有出口商牌子的装着橙子的板条箱. 4 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] stick a postage stamp or some other stamp on (a letter, etc) 在（信）上贴邮票; 贴其他的票於（某物）: * I enclose a stamped addressed envelope for your reply. 兹附上贴有邮票并写好地址的回邮信封. 5 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (out) (from sth) cut and shape (metal, etc) into pieces by striking it with a specially shaped tool or cutter 冲压（金属等）: * a machine for stamping out engine parts 冲压发动机部件的机器. 6 [Tn, Tn.pr]~ sth (on sb/sth)

stamp1
(fig 比喻) impress or fix sth permanently 使某事物铭记或牢固附着: * stamp one's personality/authority on a game, ie as an outstanding player 把自己的特长[权威性]带到某项运动中（因技艺超群） * The date is stamped on her memory forever. 那个日子她永志不忘. 7 [Cn.n/a] ~ sb as sth give a certain character to sb; mark sb out as sth 赋予某人以某特徵; 表明某人为...: * This achievement stamps her as a genius. 这一成就已足见她是个天才. 8 (phr v) stamp sth off (sth) remove sth by stamping with the foot 跺掉某物: * stamped the mud off their shoes （他们）把鞋上的泥跺掉. stamp on sth (a) crush sth by bringing one's foot down heavily on it 将某物踩扁、 踩碎或踩烂: * stamp on a spider 踩死一只蜘蛛. (b) control or suppress sth, esp by force; quell sth 控制或压制某事物（尤指用武力）; 镇压; 平息: * The rebellion was soon stamped on by the army. 军队很快平息了叛乱. stamp sth out (a) extinguish (a fire, etc) by stamping 踩灭（火等）: * stamp out the embers of the camp fire 把篝火的馀烬踏灭. (b) eliminate, destroy or suppress sth, esp by force or vigorous action 消除、 毁灭或压制某事物（尤指用武力或积极行动）: * stamp out terrorism, a rebellion, an epidemic disease 剪除恐怖活动、 镇压叛乱、 消灭流行病. 复合： `stamping-ground n (infml 口) place where a particular person or animal may usually be found; favourite place or haunt （某人或某动物）常在的地方, 经常出没之处: one of my old stamping-grounds 我常去的一个老地方.

stampede
[stAm'pi:d; stAm'pid] n 1 sudden rush of frightened animals （指动物的）惊逃, 乱窜. 2 sudden wild rush or mass movement of people （指人）突然的大规模移动, 蜂拥: * There was a stampede towards the stage when the singer appeared. 歌手出现时观众向台前涌去. 3 (in Canada) form of entertainment in which cowboys display their skill at handling animals; rodeo （加拿大的）牧人竞技表演: * the Calgary Stampede 卡尔加里牧人竞技会. 派生： stampede v 1 (a) [I] (of animals or people) take part in a stampede （指动物或人）惊逃, 蜂拥: The cattle stampeded towards the farm. 受惊的牛群向牧场涌去. (b) [Tn] cause (esp animals) to do this 使（尤指动物）惊逃. 2 [Tn.pr] ~ sb into sth/doing sth cause sb to rush into rash or unreasonable action 使某人冲动行事或失去理智: Don't be stampeded into buying the house. 不要一时冲动买下这所房子.

stance
[ stAns or, in British use, 英式英语读作 stB:ns; stAns] n (usu sing 通常作单数) 1 person's position or way of standing (esp in sports such as cricket, golf, etc when preparing to hit the ball); pose 站立姿势（尤指板球、 高尔夫球等运动中准备击球的）; 姿势. 2 ~ (on sth) moral or intellectual attitude (to sth); standpoint （对某事物的）姿态, 态度; 观点; 立场: * He maintains a rigidly right-wing political stance. 他坚持僵硬的右派政治立场. * What is your stance on corporal punishment? 你对体罚持什麽态度? Cf 参看 posture.

stanch
[sta:ntF; - stAntF; stAntF] (also staunch/stR:ntF; stRntF/) v [Tn] (a) stop the flow of (esp blood) 止住（尤指血）的流出: * stanch the bleeding 止血. (b) stop or control the flow of blood from (a wound) 止住或控制（受伤处）的流血: * stanch a cut 止住伤口的血.

stanchion
[5stAnFEn; - 'stAntFEn; 5stAntFEn] n upright bar or post forming a support 支撑用的杆或柱; 支柱.

stand
1[stAnd; stAnd] n 1 [sing] stationary condition; halt or standstill 停止的状态; 中止; 停顿: * come to a stand 停下来. 2 [sing] position taken up; act or instance of standing 立脚点; 站立: * He took his stand (ie stood) near the window. 他站在窗旁. 3 [C] (period of time of) resistance to attack 抵抗; 抵御; 抵抗时期: * the rebels' last stand 叛乱者的最後抵抗 * a stand of sixty days 六十天的抵抗. 4 [C] (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) small piece of furniture (eg a rack, pedestal, frame, etc) on or in which sth may be placed （置物的）架, 座, 台: * a `hat/an um`brella/a `coat stand 帽[伞/衣]架 * a `cake stand 糕饼架 * a `music-stand, ie for supporting sheet music while it is being played 乐谱架. 5 [C] (a) structure (eg a table or kiosk) from which goods are sold; stall 货摊; 售货亭: * a `news-stand 报摊 * a market stand 集市的货摊. (b) area or structure where things are displayed, exhibited, advertised, etc 摊位（用於陈列、 展览、 宣传等目的的）: * one of the stands at a book fair 书展中的一个摊位. 6 [C] place where vehicles may stand in a line in a street, etc while waiting for passengers （街道等处的）车辆候客处: * a `taxi-stand 计程车站 * a stand for six taxis 有六个车位的计程车候客处. 7 [C often pl 常作复数] large, usu sloping, structure at a sports ground, racecourse etc, with rows of seats for spectators 看台: * A cheer rose from the south stand(s). 南看台上响起一片欢呼声. =>illus at Association football (association) 见Association football (association)插图. Cf 参看 grandstand (grand). 8 [C] stop made for a performance by a touring theatrical company, pop group, etc （巡回演出的剧团、 流行乐乐队等的）停留演出: * a series of ,one-night `stands 演一晚换一处的巡回演出. 9 [C usu sing 通常作单数] (US) witness-box (in a lawcourt) stand-pipe /// [5stAndpaip; 5stAnd7paip] n vertical pipe connected to a main water supply and used to provide water outside or at a distance from buildings 竖管（向建 物外供水用的）.

stand1
* take the stand 作证. 10 (idm 习语) make a stand (against/for sth/sb) be ready to resist, fight, argue, etc 准备抵抗、 格斗、 争论等: * make a stand against the enemy 摆开架势迎击敌人 * make a stand for one's principles 准备为维护自己的原则而争斗. take a/one's stand (on sth) declare one's position, opinion, etc (on sth) 宣布（对某事物的）立场、 意见等; 表明态度: * She took a firm stand on nuclear disarmament. 她在核裁军的问题上态度很坚决.

standard
[5stAndEd; 5stAndld] n 1 thing used as a test or measure for weights, lengths, quality, purity, etc 标准; 水准; 规格; 规范: * the standard of height required for recruits to the police force 加入警察队伍的身高标准 * an international standard of weight 国际重量标准 * the monetary standard, ie the proportions of fine metal and alloy in gold and silver coins （金银币的）法定成分 * People were very poor then, by today's standards, ie compared with people today. 以今天的标准而言, 那时候的人很穷. 2 (often pl 常作复数) required, expected or accepted level of quality （要求的或认可的）水平, 水准: * a restaurant with a low standard of hygiene 卫生水准低的餐馆 * a high moral standard 很高的道德水准 * set low standards of behaviour 定下很低的行为标准 * conform to the standards of society, ie live and behave in a way that is acceptable to others in society 符合社会的规范. 3 (a) average quality 平均质量: * The standard of her work is high. 她的工作质量很高. (b) specified level of proficiency 熟练程度; 业务水平: * His work does not reach the standard required. 他的工作成绩达不到要求. 4 (a) distinctive ceremonial flag, esp one to which loyalty is given （礼仪性的）旗, 旗帜（尤指效忠的对象）: the royal standard 王旗. (b) carved figure, image, etc fixed to a pole and carried (esp formerly) by an army going into battle 军队（尤指旧时）作战时用的标竿（顶端有雕像等）: a Roman standard 罗马军队的标竿. 5 upright pole or stand, esp one used as a support 直立的柱子或台座; （尤指）支柱, 基座. 6 tree or shrub that has been grafted on an upright stem (contrasted with a bush or climbing plant) 嫁接於直干上的树或无主茎灌木（与灌木丛或攀缘植物相对而言）: [attrib 作定语] standard roses 嫁接在树干上的玫瑰. 7 (idm 习语) be up to/below `standard be equal to/not so good as what is normal, required, etc 达到[未达到]标准: Their work is not up to standard. 他们的工作成绩不够标准.

standard1
派生： standard adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] 1 serving as, used as or conforming to a standard(1) 标准的; 符合标准的: standard sizes of paper, units of weight, etc 纸的标准尺寸、 标准重量单位. 2 average, normal or usual; not special or unusual 普通的; 正常的; 一般的: the standard model of a car, ie not the de luxe model, etc 普通型的汽车（非豪华型的） * This procedure is standard. 这一手续是正常的. 3 of generally recognized and accepted authority or merit 公认为权威的或优秀的: This is the standard textbook on the subject. 这是这一科的权威性课本. 4 (of spelling, pronunciation, grammar, etc) widely accepted as the usual form （指拼法、 读音、 语法等）规范的: standard English 规范的英语. 复合： `standard-bearer n (a) person who carries a standard(4) 旗手; 掌旗者. (b) (fig 比喻) prominent leader in a cause, esp a political one 领导人; 先行者; （尤指政治上的）旗手: a standard-bearer for women's rights 争取妇女权利的旗手. `standard lamp (US `floor lamp) household lamp on a tall support, with its base on the floor 落地灯. ,standard of `living level of material comfort and wealth enjoyed by a person or group 生活水平: They have/enjoy a high standard of living. 他们生活水平很高. * The standard of living in our country is lower than in yours. 我国的生活水平低於贵国. `standard time time officially adopted for a country or part of it 标准时间.

standardize, standardise
[5stAndEdaiz; 5stAndld7aiz] v [Tn] make (sth) conform to a fixed standard, shape, quality, type, etc 使（某事物）标准化或合乎规格: * an attempt to standardize spelling 统一拼字法的设想 * Car parts are usually standardized. 汽车部件一般都是统一规格的. 派生： standardization, -isation/stAndEdai'zeiFn; --di'z-; 7stAndldE'zeFEn] n [U] action or process of standardizing; making regular 标准化: * the problem of the standardization of the use of hyphens in compounds 复合词中连字号使用法的规范化问题.

standing
[5stAndiN; 5stAndiN] n [U] 1 (esp social) position or reputation; status; rank （尤指社会上的）地位, 名声, 身分, 等级: * a woman of some standing in the community 在那个群体中颇有地位的女子 * a scientist of good/high standing, ie respected, eminent 有名望的科学家. 2 length of time that sth has existed; duration 持续时间: * a debt, dispute, friendship of long standing 多时的欠债、 纠纷、 友谊. 派生： standing adj [attrib 作定语] 1 (a) remaining in force or use; permanent and established 常备的; 永久的; 确立的: a standing army 常备军 * a standing committee, ie a permanent one that meets regularly 常务委员会. (b) continuing to be effective or valid 长期有效的: We have a standing invitation to visit them when we're in the area. 他们邀请我们将来到那里时去他们家做客. * a standing joke, ie sth that regularly causes amusement 永不乏味的笑料. 2 (esp sport 尤用於体育) performed without a run; done from a standing position 没有助跑的; 站着进行的: a standing start/jump 立定起跑[起跳]. 3 upright 直立的; 竖直的: standing corn, ie not yet cut 地里长着的谷物. 复合： ,standing `order (a) (also ,banker's `order) customer's instruction to a bank to pay a certain amount at regular intervals (eg rent, mortgage repayments) （客户委托银行定期付款的）长期委托（如交租金、 抵押物分期付款）. (b) regular order that remains valid and does not have to be repeated 长期有效的订单: a standing order for milk, newspapers, etc 牛奶、 报纸等的长期订单. ,standing o`vation enthusiastic expression of approval by people standing up from their seats to clap 起立鼓掌: The singer got a ten-minute standing ovation. 观众起立向那位歌手鼓掌达十分钟. `standing-room n [U] space for people to stand in, esp in a theatre, sports ground, etc 站立的位置（尤指剧场、 运动场等中的）: There was standing-room only left in the concert hall. 音乐厅内只剩下站位了.

standpoint
[5stAndpCint; 5stAnd7pCint] n position from which things are seen and opinions are formed; point of view 立场; 立脚点; 看问题的角度: * from the standpoint of the customer 从顾客的角度来说.

standstill
[5stAndstil; 5stAnd7stil] n [sing] halt; stop 停顿; 中止: * be at/come to/bring sth to a standstill 处於停顿状态[使某事物陷入停顿状态] * Work is grinding to a standstill. 工作逐渐陷入停顿. * Traffic in the city is at a complete standstill. 城里的交通完全瘫痪了. * [attrib 作定语] a standstill agreement, ie one that agrees to no change, eg in rates of pay or hours of work 固定的协议（如对工资或工作时间不作变动的）.

stank
pt of stink.

stanza
[5stAnzE; 5stAnzE] n group of (esp rhyming) lines forming a unit in some types of poem; verse of poetry （诗歌的）节, 段（尤指押韵的）: * the second stanza 诗的第二节.

staple
1[5steipl; 5stepl] n 1 small thin piece of bent wire that is driven into sheets of paper, etc and flattened to fasten them together 订书钉. 2 U-shaped piece of metal with pointed ends that is hammered into wood, etc to hold something (eg an electrical wire) in placeU形钉（如固定电线用的）. 派生： staple v [Tn] attach or secure (sth) with a staple or staples 用订书钉或U形钉钉住或固定（某物）. stapler[5steiplE(r); 5stepll] n small hand-operated instrument for fastening papers, etc together with staples （小型手动的）订书机.

star
[sta:(r); star] n 1 [C] any one of the distant bodies appearing as a point of light in the sky at night 星: * a fixed star, ie one which is not a planet 恒星 * There are no stars out (ie No stars can be seen) tonight. 今晚天上没有星星. 2 [C] (astronomy 天) any large ball in outer space that is made up of gases and gives out light, such as the sun 恒星. 3 [C] (a) figure, object, decoration, etc with radiating points, suggesting a star by its shape; asterisk () 星形图案; 星状物; 星号（即star1 /// 派生： star v (-rr-) 1 [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] mark or decorate (sth) with, or as with, a star or stars, eg an asterisk to direct attention to sth on a list, etc 为（某物）标上星号; 以星形图案或星状物装饰（某物）:The starred dishes on the menu are suitable for vegetarians.菜单上标有星号的菜最宜食素者选用. 2 (a) [I, Ipr] ~ (in sth) be a star(4) (in a play, film, etc) （在戏剧、 电影等中）担任主角, 主演: taken many starring roles 多次担任主角 * She is to star in a new film. 她将主演一部新影片. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (in sth) present sb as a star(4); feature sb 使某人担任主角; 由某人主演: My favourite film stars Marilyn Monroe. 我最喜欢的电影是玛丽莲．梦露主演的. * The director wanted to star Michael Caine in his new film. 这位导演想让迈克尔．凯恩主演他的新片子. stardom[5sta:dEm; 5stardEm] n [U] status of being a famous actor, performer, etc 明星的身分或地位: * He is being groomed (ie prepared and trained) for stardom. 他正在接受培植, 以求他日成为明星. starless adj with no stars to be seen 无星光的: a starless sky/night 没有星星的天空[夜晚]. starlet[5sta:lit; 5starlit] n (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) young actress who hopes to become a film star but is not yet very well known 尚未如愿成名的年轻女演员; 准明星. starry[5sta:ri; 5stari] n (-ier, -iest) (a) lighted by stars 星光照耀的: * a starry night 星光闪闪的夜晚. (b) shining like stars （像星一般）闪闪发光的: * starry eyes 闪闪溜溜的眼睛. ,starry-`eyed adj (infml often derog 口, 常作贬义) romantically enthusiastic but impractical 热情而不切实际的: * He's completely starry-eyed about his new girl-friend. 他对这个新的女朋友充满了美好的幻想. * She's got some starry-eyed notion about reforming society. 她对社会改革有些异想天开的想法. 复合： `star-dust n [U] (imaginary twinkling dust-like substance causing a) dreamy, romantic or magic feeling 梦幻感; 浪漫的情感; 奇异的感觉; （想像中的可产生这些感觉的）虚无缥缈的物质.

star2
`starfish n (pl unchanged 复数不变) flattish star-shaped sea animal with five arms 海星. `star-gazer n (infml often joc 口, 常作戏谑语) person who studies the stars as an astronomer or astrologer 天文学家; 星象学家. `star-gazing n [U]. `starlight n [U] light from the stars 星光: walk home by starlight 借着星光走回家. `starlit adj lighted by the stars 星光照耀的: a starlit scene 星光照耀的景色. the ,Stars and `Stripes the national flag of the US 星条旗（美国国旗）. `star sign (infml 口) any one of the 12 signs of the zodiac （黄道的）宫, 星宫: What's your star sign? 你是属什麽星座的? `star-studded adj featuring a lot of famous performers 明星荟萃的: a star-studded cast 明星云集的阵容. ,star `turn main item in an entertainment or a performance主要节目: The star turn in our show tonight will be a group of Chinese acrobats. 我们今天晚上节目中最精彩的是中国杂技表演.

starboard
[5sta:bEd; 5star7bord] n [U] side of a ship or aircraft that is on the right when one is facing forward （船或飞行器的）右舷: * alter course to starboard 转向右方航行 * [attrib 作定语] the starboard side of a ship 船的右侧. Cf 参看 port3.

starch
[sta:tF; startF] n [U] 1 (a) white tasteless carbohydrate food substance found in potatoes, flour, rice, etc 淀粉. (b) food containing this 含淀粉的食物: * You eat too much starch. 你吃的含淀粉的食物太多了. 2 this substance prepared in powder or other forms and used for stiffening cotton clothes, etc 粉浆: * Spray starch on the shirt collars before ironing them. 熨衬衫领要先喷些粉浆再熨. 派生： starch v [Tn] stiffen (clothes, etc) with starch 浆（衣服等）: starched white uniforms 浆过的白制服. starchy adj (-ier, -iest) 1 (a) of or like starch （似）淀粉的. (b) containing a lot of starch 含大量淀粉的: starchy food 淀粉含量高的食物. 2 (infml derog 口, 贬) (too) formal, stiff or conventional in manner 刻板的; 拘谨的: He's always been rather starchy. 他一向非常刻板.

stare
[steE(r); ster] v 1 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (at sb/sth) look (at sb/sth) with the eyes wide open in a fixed gaze (in astonishment, wonder, fear, etc) （对某人[某物]）瞪着眼睛凝视, 盯着看: * It's rude to stare. 盯着人看是没有礼貌的. * They all stared in/with amazement. 他们都惊讶得瞪大了眼睛. * Do you like being stared at? 你愿意人家盯着你看吗? * She was staring into the distance/into space. 她凝视着远方. * He was staring out over the fields. 他目不转睛地看着外面的田野. 2 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (at sb/sth) (of the eyes) be wide open with a fixed gaze （指眼睛）睁大注视: * He gazed at the scene with staring eyes. 他瞪大眼睛注视着这场面. =>Usage at look1 用法见look1.3 [Tn.pr] ~ sb into sth bring or force sb into a specified condition by staring 瞪着某人使其做出某种反应: * She stared him into silence. 她把他盯得不吭声了.4 (idm 习语) be staring sb in the `face be directly in front of sb; be obvious, easy or clear 就在某人眼前; 十分明显、 容易或清楚: * The book I was looking for was staring me in the face. 我找的书其实就在我面前. * Defeat was staring them in the face, ie seemed certain. 他们眼看着就要失败了. * The answer to his problem was staring him in the face. 他那个问题的答案是明摆着的. make sb `stare surprise or astonish sb 使某人惊愕. stark raving/staring mad => stark. 5 (phr v) stare sb down/out stare at sb until he feels forced to lower his eyes or turn away 逼视某人直至他不敢对视下去; 以目光镇慑某人: * The two children were having a competition to see who could stare the other out. 两个孩子在较量, 看谁能把对方瞪得受不了. 派生： stare n long fixed gaze; staring look 凝视; 注视;瞪; 盯: give sb a rude stare 不礼貌地瞪某人一眼 * We received a number of curious stares from passers-by. 过路人向我们投来好奇的目光. * with a vacant stare, ie suggesting an empty mind 茫然凝视着

stare1
* with a glassy stare, ie suggesting indifference 带着漠不关心的眼神.

stark
[sta:k; stark] adj (-er, -est) 1 (a) desolate and bare; grim; cheerless 荒凉的; 光秃秃的; 空落落的; 阴郁的: * stark prison conditions 监狱中一无所有的状况 * The landscape was grey and stark. 景色灰暗荒凉. (b) [usu attrib 通常作定语] plain and unadorned 实的; 无装饰的: * the stark facts 毫无遮掩的事实. 2 clearly obvious to the eye or the mind 显而易见的; 明摆着的; 鲜明的: * in stark contrast 成鲜明对比. 3 [attrib 作定语]complete; utter; downright 完全的; 十足的: * stark madness彻底的疯狂. 派生： stark adv 1 completely; entirely 完全地; 十足地: stark naked/crazy/mad 赤裸裸的[荒唐之极的/彻底疯狂的]. 2 (idm 习语) ,stark raving/staring `mad completely mad 完全疯的. starkers[5sta:kEz; 5starklz] adj [pred 作表语] (Brit infml esp joc 口, 尤作戏谑语) completely naked 赤身裸体: * We saw him running down the road starkers. 我们看见他一丝不挂地沿着街跑. starkly adv: It soon became starkly evident that... 不久, 情况就完全明朗了, 原来... * The black rocks stood out starkly against the sky. 那些黑色的岩石在天空衬托下十分显眼. starkness n [U]: The starkness of their living conditions shocked him. 他们的生活条件一无所有, 他感到十分震惊.

starling
[5sta:liN; 5starliN] n type of small noisy bird with glossy black and brown-spotted feathers 椋鸟; 欧椋鸟. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page iv.

starry
=> star.

start
1[sta:t; start] n 1 (a) [C] beginning of a journey, an activity, a plan, a race, etc; process or act of starting 开始; 起始; 起程; 出发; 开端; 起始点: * make an early start (on a journey) 早早动身 * from start to finish 自始至终 * We won't finish the job today but we'll have made a start. 这工作我们今天是做不完的, 但可以开个头. * I've written one page of my essay: * it's not much but it's a start. 我的论文写了一页, 这虽然不多, 但算是开了个头了. * He knew from the start the idea was hopeless. 一开始他就知道这主意行不通. (b) the start [sing] place where a race begins 起跑线: * runners lined up at the start 在起跑线上各就各位的运动员 * (fig 比喻) We're only at the start in our house-hunting. 我们找房子的事才刚刚开始. 2 [C] opportunity for, or help in, starting 开始的时机; 起推动作用的外力: * give sb a fresh start 给某人一个重新开始的机会 * The money gave him just the start he needed. 这笔钱正是他起步所需要的. 3 [U, sing] (amount of) advantage gained or allowed in starting; advantageous position 起始时的领先（程度）; 起始优势; 优势地位: * The smaller boys were given a start of 10 seconds in the race. 在赛跑时让年龄小的男生提早了10秒钟起跑. * They didn't give me much/any start. 他们没给我什麽[任何]优先权. * He got a good start in business. 他在生意上起步时占了很大的优势. 4 [C usu sing 通常作单数] sudden quick movement of surprise, fear, etc （因惊奇、 恐惧等）震动: * He sat up/woke up with a start. 他一惊, 猛然坐了起来[猛然惊醒过来]. * The news gave me quite a start, ie surprised me. 这消息让我吃了一惊. 5 (idm 习语) by/in fits and starts => fit4. a false start => false. for a `start (used in an argument 用於说理) as a first point 首先: * I'm not buying it I can't afford it for a start. 我不买--起码这个价钱我就付不起. get off to a good, bad, etc `start start well, badly, etc 开始时很好、 不好等:

start1
* Their marriage got off to rather a shaky start. 他们的婚姻一开始就有些不稳固.

starter
[5sta:tE(r); 5startl] n 1 person, horse, etc taking part in a race at the start 起跑的人、 马或其他动物: * Of the five starters in the race only three finished. 起跑时有五 个, 只有叁个跑完全程. Cf 参看 non-starter. 2 person who gives the signal for a race to start 起跑裁判员; 发令员: * waiting for the starter's gun to fire 等待发令员的枪响. 3 (usu with an adj 通常与形容词连用) person who starts sth (esp in the way specified by the adj) 开始进行某事者（尤指以该形容词所描述的方式）: * He's a fast starter. 他做事起步很快. 4 device for starting a machine, esp an engine 启动装置（尤指发动机的）. 5 (infml 口 esp Brit) (US also appetizer) first course of a meal (esp one with more than two courses) 第一道菜（尤指其後尚有至少两道菜）: * What would you like as a starter? 您第一道菜想来点什麽? 6 (idm 习语) for `starters (infml 口) first of all; to start with 首先; 作为开头. under ,starter's `orders (of horses, athletes, etc ready to start a race) waiting for the order or signal to start （指参赛的马、 运动员等）等待起跑的口令或信号.

startle
[5sta:tl; 5startl] v [Tn] give a sudden shock or surprise to (a person or an animal); cause to move or jump suddenly (from surprise) 使（人或动物）惊吓或吓一跳: * You startled me I didn't hear you come in. 你吓了我一跳--我没听见你进来. * I was startled to hear his news/by his news. 我听到他的消息大吃一惊. * The sudden noise in the bushes startled her horse. 灌木丛中突如其来的响声把她的马吓惊了. * He had a startled look on his face. 他一脸吃惊的神情. 派生： startling[5sta:tliN; 5startliN] adj very surprising; astonishing; remarkable 令人震惊的; 惊人的: * a startling result 惊人的结果 * What startling news! 这消息多令人震惊啊! startlingly adv: * startlingly beautiful 漂亮得出奇.

starve
[sta:v; starv] v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] (cause a person or an animal to) suffer severely or die from hunger （使人或动物）挨饿, 饿死: * Thousands of cattle are starving. 成千上万的牛正在挨饿. * starve to death 饿死 * (infml 口) She's starving herself to try to lose weight. 她正在用节食的办法减轻体重. 2 [Ipr, Tn.pr usu passive 通常用於被动语态] ~ for sth; ~ sb of sth (cause sb to) suffer or long for sth greatly needed or wanted; deprive sb of sth （使某人）得不到某事物而受苦或渴望获得某事物; 缺乏: * children starving for/starved of affection 渴望受人疼爱的孩子 * (fig 比喻) Industry is being starved of technical expertise. 工业界技术力量匮乏. 3 [I] (infml 口) (used only in the continuous tenses 仅用於进行时态) feel very hungry 感觉很饿: * What's for dinner? I'm starving! 晚饭吃什麽? 我饿极了! 4 (phr v) starve sb into sth/doing sth force sb to do sth by not allowing him to get food 使某人挨饿以迫其做某事: * starved into surrender/surrendering 饿得只好投降. starve sb out (of sth) force sb out of a hiding-place, etc by stopping supplies of food 将某人饿得从隐藏处出来: * It took 8 days to starve them out (of the building). 用了8天时间才把他们饿得（从那座建 物里）出来了. 派生： starvation/sta:'veiFn; star'veFEn] n [U] suffering ordeath caused by lack of food 挨饿; 饿死: * die of starvation饿死 * [attrib 作定语] starvation wages, ie too low to buy enough food 不够维持基本生活的工资 * a starvation diet, ie barely enough food to keep one alive 仅够存活的日常饮食.

stash
[stAF; stAF] v [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (away) (infml 口) store sth safely and secretly; hide sth 隐藏某物; 将某物藏起来: * He's got his life savings stashed (away) in an old suitcase. 他把一辈子的积蓄保藏在一口旧箱子里. 派生： stash n (infml 口 esp US) 1 thing that is stored secretly 隐藏的东西. 2 place where sth is hidden; hiding-place 隐藏处: a secret stash of stolen jewels 隐藏偷来的珠宝的地方.

state
1[steit; stet] n 1 [C] condition in which a person or thing is (in circumstances, appearance, mind, health, etc); quality of circumstances, characteristics, etc 状态; 状况; 情况; 情形: * The house was in a dirty state. 那房子很脏. * These buildings are in a bad state of repair, ie need to be repaired. 这些建 物亟待修葺. * a confused state of mind 缭乱的心绪 * a poor state of health 健康欠佳 * in a state of undress, ie naked 赤身露体 * not in a fit state to drive 不适宜开车的身心状态 * a state of emergency, eg declared by a government because of war, natural disaster, etc 紧急状态（如政府宣布的） * She was in a terrible state (ie very upset, agitated, etc) when we arrived. 我们抵达时, 她情绪很不好. 2 (also State)[C] country considered as an organized political communitycontrolled by one government; territory occupied by this 国; 国家; 领土: * the State of Israel 以色列国 * modern European states 现代的欧洲国家. =>Usage at country 用法见country. 3 (also State) [C] organized political community forming part of a country that is a federation or republic （联邦或共和国的）州, 邦: * How many States are there in the United States of America? 美国有多少州? * Which state where you born in? 你是在哪个州出生的? Cf 参看 county, province 1. 4 (esp 尤作 the State)[U] civil government of a country 政府; 国家: * matters/affairs of state 国家大事[事务] * Church and State 教会和政府 * railways run by the state/state-run railways 国营铁路 * Many believe the State should provide schools, homes and hospitals for everyone. 许多人认为国家应该为全民提供学校教育、 住房以及医疗服务. 5 [U] ceremonial formality connected with high levels of government; pomp 国家级的礼仪; 盛观: * The Queen was in her robes of state. 女王穿着御礼袍. * The President was driven in state through the streets. 总统在盛大的仪式中乘车从街上通过.

state1
6 the States [pl] (infml 口) the United States of America 美国: * I've never been to the States. 我从来没去过美国. 7 (idm 习语) in/into a `state (infml 口) (a) in/into an excited or agitated state of mind 处於[陷入]激动或焦躁的情绪中: * She got herself into a state about the exams. 她对这次考试心里很慌. * He was in a real state when I last saw him. 我上次见到他时, 他很激动. (b) dirty, neglected, untidy, etc (according to the context) 肮脏的, 没有妥善照管的, 凌乱的（视上下文而定）: * What a state this place is in! 这地方真乱哪! in a state of `nature (fml or joc 文或谑) completely naked 赤身露体; 一丝不挂. lie in state => lie2. a state of af`fairs circumstances or conditions; situation 情况; 局势: * What a shocking state of affairs! 局势真惊人哪! the state of `play (a) score (esp in cricket) 分数（尤指板球运动中的）. (b) how opposite sides in a dispute stand in relation to one another 争论中各方的对立情况: * What is the latest state of play in the disarmament talks? 裁军谈判的最新情况怎麽样? 派生： state (also State) adj [attrib 作定语] 1 of, for or concerned with the State(4) 政府的; 国家的; 关於国家的: state `railways 国营铁路 * `state schools, ie free schoolsrun by public authorities 国立学校 * state `secrets 国家机密 * State Socialism advocates state control of industry. 国家社会主义主张工业应由国家管理. 2 of, for or involving ceremony; used or done on ceremonial occasions 礼仪的; 礼仪上的; 礼节性的: a state occasion 国家的礼仪场合 * the state apartments 国家举行仪式用的厅堂 * a state visit, eg by a monarch to another country 国事访问 * the state opening of Parliament 议会的隆重开幕式. stateless adj (of a person) not recognized as a citizen of any country; having no citizenship （指人）无国籍的, 无公民身分的. statelessness n [U].

state2
复合： `statecraft n [U] skill in managing State affairs; statesmanship 治国才能; 政治才智. the `State Department the US government departmentof foreign affairs （美国的）国务院. ,State Enrolled `Nurse (abbr 缩写 SEN) (Brit) (title of a) person who has trained as a nurse and passed examinations that allow her or him to practise most areas of nursing (lower in rank than a State Registered Nurse) 国家登记护士（低於国家注册护士）. ,state of the `art current state of development of a subject, technique, etc （学科、 技术等的）当前发展状况: [attrib 作定语] a state-of-the-art computer program, ie the most advanced one available 最先进的计算机程序. ,State Registered `Nurse (abbr 缩写 SRN) (Brit) (title of a) person who has trained fully as a nurse and passed examinations that allow her or him to practise all areas of nursing 国家注册护士. `stateroom n 1 apartment used by royalty, important government members, etc 王室或政府要人的宅邸. 2 private cabin or sleeping compartment on a ship （轮船的）特等客舱. ,State's `evidence (idm 习语) ,turn State's `evidence(US) = turn King's/Queen's evidence (evidence). `stateside adj, adv (US infml 口) of, in or towards the US 美国的; 在美国; 向美国. `statewide adj, adv (US) throughout a state(2, 3) 全国（的）.

stately
[5steitli; 5stetli] adj (-ier, -iest) dignified; imposing; grand 威严的; 庄严的; 堂皇的; 宏伟的; 盛大的: * a stately old woman 仪态高贵的老妇人 * with stately grace 庄重高雅地. > stateliness n [U]. 复合： ,stately `home (Brit) large and grand house, usu of historical interest, esp one that the public may visit 豪华宅第（通常指具有历史意义的, 尤指开放供人参观的）.

statesman
[5steitsmEn; 5stetsmEn] n (pl -men[-mEn;-mEn] ) (fem 阴性作 stateswoman[-wumEn; -7wumEn] ,pl -women[-wimin; -7wimin] ) person who plays an important part in the management of State affairs, esp one who is skilled and fair; wise political leader 政治家（尤指贤明公正的）. 派生： statesmanlike adj having or showing the qualities and abilities of a wise statesman 有政治家的品质和才能的. statesmanship n [U] skill and wisdom in managing public affairs 政治才能; 治国之才.

static
[5stAtik; 5stAtik] adj 1 not moving or changing; stationary 静止的; 稳定的; 静态的: * House prices, which have been static for several months, are now rising again. 房价稳定了几个月, 现在又上涨了. * static water, eg in a tank, needing to be pumped 静止的水（如水箱中需要抽掉的） * a rather static performance, ie one in which there is little movement 动作较少的表演. 2 (physics 物) (of force) acting by weight without motion （指力）静止的, 静力的. Cf 参看 dynamic 1. 派生： static n [U] 1 atmospheric conditions causing poor radio or television reception, marked by loud crackling noises; atmospherics 大气静电干扰; 天电: There was too much static to hear their message clearly. 天电干扰太大, 听不清他们的电讯. 2 (also ,static elec`tricity) electricity that accumulates on or in an object which cannot conduct a current 静电: Her hair was full of static. 她的头发上静电很强. statics n [sing v] branch of physics that deals with bodies remaining at rest or with forces that balance one another 静力学.

station
[5steiFn; 5steFEn] n 1 [C] place, building, etcwhere a service is organized and provided, or specialized (esp scientific) work is done （提供某种服务或从事科学研究等专业工作的）站, 所: * a po`lice, `fire station 派出所、 消防站 * a `radar station 雷达站 * an agri,cultural re`search station 农业研究所 * a nuclear `power station 核电站. 2 [C] company that broadcasts on radio or television; building from which this is done 电台; 电视台: * Which TV station is the programme on? 这个节目在哪家电视台播放? * a pirate radio station, ie one using a frequency illegally 非法的广播电台. 3 [C] (a) place where trains stop on a railway line; the buildings (eg ticket office, waiting rooms) connected with this 火车站: * Which station are you going to? 你要到哪个火车站? * [attrib 作定语] the station platform, staff 站台、 火车站员工. (b) similar place where buses and coaches stop （公共汽车或长途汽车的）车站: * The bus leaves the bus station at 9.42 am. 那公共汽车上午9时42分离站. 4 [C] (dated or fml 旧或文) social position; rank; status 社会地位; 等级; 身分: * people in all stations of life 社会各阶层人士 * He has ideas above his station. 他的思想超越了自己的地位. 5 [C] (Austral 澳) (usu large) sheep or cattle ranch （通常指大的）牧羊场, 牧牛场. 6 [C, CGp] (people living in a) small military or naval base （陆军或海军）驻地, 驻地人员: * He's returning to his army station. 他准备回驻地. 7 [U] position, or relative position, to be taken up or maintained by sb/sth 某人[某事物]应处的位置或相对位置; 岗位; 战位: * One of the warships was out of station, ie not in its correct position relative to other ships. 有一艘军舰未在其编队位置. 8 (idm 习语) panic stations => panic. 派生： station v [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] put (sb, oneself, an army, etc) at or in a certain place 置（某人、 自己、 部队等）於某处: Their regiment is stationed in Cyprus. 他们的团驻扎在塞浦路斯.

station1
* The detective stationed himself (ie hid) among the bushes. 那个侦探藏在灌木丛中. 复合： `station-master n person in charge of a railway station （铁路的）站长. ,Stations of the `Cross series of fourteen images or pictures telling the story of Christ's sufferings and death, at which prayers are said in certain Churches 苦路（十四幅耶稣受难像, 某些教会的教徒在这些圣像前作祈祷）. `station-wagon n (US) = estate car (estate).

stationary
[5steiFEnri; - -neri; 5steFEn7eri] adj 1 (a) not moving 静止的: * remain stationary 停着不动 * collide with a stationary van 撞上一辆停着的客货车. (b) that cannot be moved or is not intended to be moved 固定的; 不可移动的: * a stationary crane 固定式起重机. Cf 参看 mobile 1. 2 not changing in condition or quantity 恒定的; 不变的; 无增减的.

stationer
[5steiFnE(r); 5steFEnl] n person who runs a shop that sells stationery 文具店店主: * Is there a good stationer's (shop) near here? 附近有没有好的文具店? 派生： stationery[5steiFEnri; - -neri; 5steFEn7eri] n [U] writing materials (eg paper, pens, envelopes, etc) 文具: * [attrib 作定语] a stationery cupboard, eg in an office 文具柜.

statistics
[stE'tistiks; stE'tistiks] n (a) [pl] collection of information shown in numbers （一组）数据, 统计数字, 统计资料: * Politicians love to use statistics to support their arguments. 搞政治的喜欢用数据资料来印证自己的论点. * Have you seen the latest statistics on crime? 你看到最新的犯罪统计资料了吗? (b) [sing v] science of collecting, classifying and analysing such information 统计学: * She's studying statistics at university. 她在大学学习统计学. 派生： statistic n item of information expressed in numbers 数据: unearthed a fascinating statistic 得到一个很可喜的数据. statistical/stE'tistikl; stE'tistikl] adj of or shown by statistics 统计的; 统计学的; 以数据表示的: * statistical evidence 以统计数字表明的证据. statistically[-kli; -kli] adv: * It has been proved statistically that... 有统计数字证明.... statistician[7sAtti'stiFn; 7stAtE'stiFEn] n person who studies or works with statistics 统计学的研究者; 统计学家; 统计员.

statuary
[5stAtFuEri; - -ueri; 5stAtFu7eri] n [U] 1 statues 雕塑作品; 雕像; 塑像; 铸像: * a display of bronze statuary 青铜雕塑作品展览. 2 art of making statues and sculptures 雕塑艺术.

statue
[5stAtFu:; 5stAtFu] n figure of a person, an animal, etc in wood, stone, bronze, etc, usu life-size or larger 雕像, 塑像, 铸像（其大小通常等於或大於真人或实物）: * erect a statue of the king on a horse 树立一座国王骑着马的雕像. 派生： statuesque[7stAtFu'esk; 7stAtFu'esk] adj (approv 褒) (a) like a statue in size, dignity or stillness （在大小、 端庄的神态或静止的状态方面）雕像般的, 塑像般的, 铸像般的. (b) (usu of a woman) tall, graceful and dignified （通常指女子）身材高大、 仪态优雅端庄的: * her statuesque figure 她那修长、 优美的身材. statuette[7stAtFu'et; 7stAtFu'et] n small statue 小雕像; 小塑像; 小铸像: * A china statuette of a shepherdess stood on the table. 桌上有一个牧羊女的小瓷像.

stature
[5stAtFE(r); 5stAtFl] n [U] 1 natural height of the body 身高: * short of stature 身材矮小. 2 importance and reputation gained by ability or achievement （凭才能或成就而获得的）名望: * a scientist of international stature 有国际声望的科学家.

status
[5steitEs; 5stetEs] n [U] 1 person's social, legal or professional position or rank in relation to others 地位; 身分; 职位: * Women have very little status in many countries. 在许多国家, 妇女没有什麽地位. * What's your official status in the company? 你在公司里的正式职位是什麽? 2 high rank or social position 重要地位; 重要身分: * seek status and security 追求社会地位和生活保障 * He's very aware of his status. 他很在意自己的重要身分. 复合： `status symbol possession that is thought to show sb's high social rank, wealth, etc 社会地位、 身分、 财富等的象徵: He only bought the yacht as a status symbol he hates sailing. 他买游艇只是为了显示身分--其实他根本不喜欢玩游艇.

statute
[5stAtFu:t; 5stAtFut] n [C] 1 law passed by Parliament or a similar law-making body and written down formally 成文法; 法规; 法令: * decreed by statute 按照法规限定的. 2 any of the rules of an institution 条例; 规则; 章程: * under the University's statutes 根据该大学的章程. 派生： statutory[5stAtFutri; - -tC:ri; 5stAtFu7tCri] adj[usu attrib 通常作定语] fixed, done or required by statute 法定的; 依法完成的; 法规要求的; 章程规定的: * one's statutory rights 自己享有的法定权利 * statutory control of prices and incomes 物价与收入的法定管制. statutorily adv. 复合： `statute-book n collection of all the laws made by a government; book(s) in which these are recorded 成文法典; 法令全书; 法规汇编: not on the statute book, ie not included in statute law 成文法中没有规定的. `statute law all the statutes as a group 成文法. Cf 参看 case-law (case1), common law (common1).

staunch
1[stC:ntF; stCntF] adj (-er, -est) firm, loyal and dependable in opinion and attitude 坚定而忠实可靠的: * a staunch Christian, Conservative, Republican, etc 忠实的基督徒、 保守党人、 共和党人等 * one of our staunchest allies 我们最坚定的同盟者之一.

stave
1[steiv; stev] n 1 any of the curved pieces of wood forming the side of a barrel or tub 桶板, 桶材（用作木桶或木盆边的弧形木板）. 2 (music 音) = staff 5.

stay
1[stei; ste] v 1 (a) [La, I, Ipr, Ip, It, In/pr] remain or continue in the same place (for a long or short time, permanently or temporarily, as specified by the context); not depart or change 停留; 留下; 住; 在某处呆一段时间: * stay (at) home, ie not go out or to work 呆在家里 * stay late at the office 在办公室呆到很晚 * I'm afraid I can't stay, ie I must leave now. 很抱歉, 我得走了. * stay in the house, in bed, in one's room, etc 呆在房子里、 床上、 房间里等 * stay in teaching, journalism, etc, ie not change one's job 继续教书、 从事新闻工作等 * stay away from (ie not go to) school 不上学 * Stay on this road for two miles then turn left. 沿这条路走两英里, 然後向左拐. * Stay here until I come back. 我回来之前你别走. * We stayed to see what would happen. 我们留下来看进一步的发展. * I can only stay a few minutes. 我只能呆上几分钟. => Usage at and 用法见and. (b) [La, Ln] continue in a certain state 维持某状态: * stay awake 不睡觉 * stay single, ie not marry 不结婚 * He never stays sober for long. 他不醉的时候不多. * They stayed friends for years. 他们的友谊维持了多年. 2 [I, Ipr, In/pr] remain or live somewhere temporarily, esp as a visitor or a guest 逗留, 暂住（尤指过访或作客时）: * It's late why don't you stay (ie for the night)? 很晚了--你就在这儿过夜好吗? * stay in a hotel 住在旅馆里 * Why don't you come to stay with us next time you visit Durham? 下次来达勒姆就住在我们这儿好吗? * Jenny's staying in Dublin for a few days, but she now lives/is now living (ie has her home) in Belfast. 珍妮目前在都柏林小住几日, 她的家是在贝尔法斯特. * stay the night with sb, ie sleep at sb's house for the night 在某人家过夜. 3 [Tn] (fml 文) stop, delay, postpone or check (sth) 停止, 延缓, 推迟, 控制（某事物）: * stay (ie delay) punishment/judgement 延缓惩罚[审判]

stay1
* stay the progress of a disease 防止病情恶化 * a little food to stay (ie temporarily satisfy) one's hunger 暂且充饥的一点食物 * (arch 古) stay one's hand, ie refrain from doing sth 不去做某事. 4 [I] (arch 古) (usu imperative 通常用於祈使句) wait a moment; pause; stop 稍等; 稍停; 停下: * Stay! What is this I see? 且慢! 这是什麽? 5 (idm 习语) be here to stay/have come to stay (infml 口) be permanent and generally accepted 固定下来; 普遍认可; 成为风尚: * I hope that (the idea of) equality of opportunity for men and women has come to/is here to stay. 我希望男女机会平等（的思想）能形成风气. keep/stay/steer clear => clear2. stay the `course continue going to the end (of sth difficult, eg a race, a struggle) 坚持到底: * I don't think he's sufficiently dedicated to stay the course. 我认为他不够坚定, 不会坚持到底的. stay `put (infml 口) remain where one/it is or is placed 呆在原处; 留在原地; 固定不动: * The baby wouldn't stay put long enough for the photo to be taken. 这孩子总动换, 拍不了照片. 6 (phr v) stay away (from sb/sth) keep a distance (from sb/sth); not interfere (with sb/sth) （与某人[某事物]）保持距离; 不打扰（某人[某事物]）: Tell him to stay away from my sister! 叫他离我妹妹远点儿! stay behind remain at a place after others have left (esp to go home) （别人走後）在某处留下不走（尤指暂不回家）: They stayed behind after the party to help clear up. 聚会结束之後, 他们留下来帮助收拾东西. * The teacher told him to stay behind after class. 老师要他下课後先别走. stay down (a) (of food) remain in the stomach (rather than be vomited) （指食物）留在胃里（不呕吐出来）: She's so ill that nothing will stay down, not even water. 她病得很重, 吃什麽都吐出来, 连喝水都吐. (b) remain in a lowered position 停留在较低的位置: The switch on the kettle won't stay down. 这个水壶上的开关按下时卡不住了.

stay2
stay for/to sth remain at a person's house for (a meal) 留在某人家（吃饭）: Won't you stay for/to supper? 你吃了晚饭再走好吗? stay in (a) not go outdoors 不出门; 呆在家里: The doctor advised me to stay in for a few days. 医生嘱我在家休息几天. (b) remain at school after others have left, esp as a punishment 课後留在学校（尤指作为惩罚）. stay on (a) remain in position on top of sth 留在某物上面: My hat won't stay on properly. 我这帽子总也戴不正. (b) remain alight, burning, running, etc 保持某种活动状态（亮着、 烧着、 运动着...）: The TV stays on all day at this place. 这个地方的电视成天开着. stay on (at...) remain at (a place of study, employment, etc) after others have left （别人走後）留在（学习、 工作等的地方）: He stayed on at university to do research. 他留在大学里做研究工作. stay out (a) remain out of the house or outdoors (esp after dark) 不回家, 呆在户外（尤指天黑後）: I don't like you staying out so late. 我不喜欢你在外面呆到这麽晚. (b) remain on strike 继续罢工: The miners stayed out for a whole year. 矿工罢工已整整一年了. stay out of sth remain at a point where one cannot be reached or affected by sb/sth 避开或躲开某人[某事物]: His father told him to stay out of trouble. 他父亲叫他避开是非之地. stay up (a) remain awake; not go to bed 醒着; 不去睡: She promised the children they could stay up for their favourite TV programme. 她答应孩子们可以晚点儿睡, 看他们最喜爱的电视节目. (b) remain in a position where put, built, etc; not fall or sink or be removed 处於原位不动; 不倒; 不沉; 不被移走: I'm surprised some of those cheap houses stay up at all. 那些质量差的房子仍然原封未动, 我感到很惊奇. * My trousers only stay up if I wear a belt. 我这条裤子要是不系皮带就往下掉. * The poster only stayed up a few hours, before it was stolen. 那张海报贴上去没几个小时就让人给偷走了.

stay3
stay with sb (infml 口) continue to listen attentively to sb 继续留心地听某人说话: Please stay with me a moment longer I'm getting to the point of the story. 请再听我往下说--我这就说到关键内容了. 派生： stay n 1 period of staying; visit 停留; 逗留; 逗留时间: an overnight stay in Karachi 在卡拉奇过夜 * a fortnight's stay with my uncle 在叔叔家做客两星期. 2 (idm 习语) a ,stay of exe`cution (esp law 尤用於法律) (order permitting a) delay in the carrying out of a court judgement or a postponement of some (usu unpleasant) activity 缓期执行（的裁决）; 推迟进行（的命令）（通常指延迟某项令人不快的活动）: They were due to start demolishing the old theatre today but there's been a last-minute stay of execution. 原定今天把这座旧戏院拆掉, 但临时突然决定暂缓进行. stayer n person or animal with endurance or stamina 有耐力的人或动物: He's not a fast horse but he's certainly a stayer. 这匹马跑得不快, 但很有耐力. 复合： `stay-at-home n (infml usu derog 口, 通常作贬义) person who rarely leaves his home to go anywhere; unadventurous person 深居简出的人; 不爱闯荡的人. `staying-power n [U] ability to keep going; endurance; stamina 持久力; 耐力: Long-distance runners need staying-power. 长跑运动员耐力要强.

STD
[7es ti: 'di:; 7es ti 'di] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) subscriber trunk dialling (by telephone) 用户直通长途电话: * The STD code for London is 071. 伦敦的用户长途直通号码是071.

stead
[sted; sted] n (idm 习语) in sb's/sth's `stead (fml 文) in sb's/sth's place; instead of sb/sth 代替某人[某事物]: * I can't attend the meeting but I'll send my assistant in my stead. 这个会我来不了, 我让助手代我出席. stand sb in good `stead be useful or helpful to sb when needed 在需要时对某人有用或有帮助: * My anorak has stood me in good stead this winter. 我这件皮猴儿今年冬天可帮了大忙了.

steadfast
[5stedfa:st; - -fAst; 5sted7fAst] adj ~ (in sth/to sb/sth) (fml usu approv 文, 通常作褒义) firm and not changing or yielding; constant 坚定的; 不动摇的; 固定不动的: * a steadfast friend 忠实的朋友 * a steadfast gaze, refusal 凝视、 坚决的拒绝 * steadfast in adversity 在逆境中毫不动摇 * be steadfast to one's principles 坚持自己的原则. > steadfastly adv. steadfastness n [U].

steady
[5stedi; 5stedi] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 firmly fixed, supported or balanced; not shaking, rocking or likely to fall over 稳的; 平稳的; 牢固的; 不摇晃的: * hold the ladder steady 把梯子扶稳 * make a table steady, eg by repairing a leg 使桌子不摇晃（如把一条桌腿儿修好） * He's not very steady on his legs after his illness. 他病愈後走路还不太稳. * Such fine work requires a steady hand and a steady eye. 做这样精细的工作, 手要稳、 眼要准. * She was trembling with excitement but her voice was steady. 她激动得发抖, 但声音却很平稳. 2 done, happening, working, etc in an even and regular way; developing, etc gradually without interruptions 均匀而有规律的; 稳定的; 持续的; 不断的: * a steady wind 匀速的风 * a steady speed, flow, rate, pace, etc 稳定的速度、 流速、 速率、 步子等 * steady progress, improvement, etc 持续的进步、 改善等. 3 regular in behaviour, habits, etc; sensible and dependable 稳重的; 理智而可靠的: * a steady young man 稳重的年轻男子 * a steady worker 可靠的工作者. 4 constant; unchanging 固定的; 恒定的; 不变的; 坚定的: * a steady faith 坚定的信仰 * with a steady purpose 目的始终如一 * Have you got a steady boy-friend? 你有关系固定的男朋友吗? * The ship kept to a steady course. 那艘船一直沿原航线航行. 5 (idm 习语) steady (`on)! (infml 口) (used as a warning 作提醒用) be careful; control yourself 当心; 注意; 镇定: * I say, steady on! You can't say things like that about someone you've never met. 哎, 慢着! 你对素未谋面的人不能那样说人家. 派生： steadily[5stedili; 5stedEli] adv: * work steadily 平稳地工作 * Prices are rising steadily. 物价正持续上涨. * His health is getting steadily worse. 他的健康逐渐恶化. steadiness n [U]. steady adv (idm 习语) go steady (with sb) (dated infml 旧, 口) (of sb not engaged to marry) go out regularly with sb of the opposite sex; have a serious long-lasting relationship （指未订婚的人）与某异性朋友经常约会; （与某人）有固定的情侣关系: Are Tony and Jane going steady? 托尼跟简是正在谈恋爱吗?

steady1
steady n (dated infml 旧, 口) regular boy-friend or girl-friend 关系固定的男朋友或女朋友: He's my steady. 他是我的对象. steady v (pt, pp steadied) [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become steady; keep steady （使某事物）稳固, 不摇晃, 保持平稳或稳定: Prices are steadying. 物价渐趋稳定. * steady a boat 使船保持平稳 * He steadied himself by holding on to the rail, eg on the deck of a rolling ship. 他抓住栏杆使自己站稳（如在颠簸的船甲板上）.

steal
[sti:l; stil] v (pt stole/stEul; stol] , pp stolen/ 5stEUlEn; `stolEn/) 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (from sb/sth) take (another person's property) secretly without permission or legal right; take (sth) dishonestly 偷（他人的财物）; 窃取（某物）: * It's wrong to steal. 偷东西是不对的. * He stole from the rich to give to the poor. 他偷富人的东西去接济穷人. * Someone has stolen my watch. 有人把我的表偷走了. * I have had my watch stolen. 我的表让人偷走了. * He stole a bun from the shop. 他从店里偷了一个圆面包. =>Usage at rob 用法见rob. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] (fml 文) obtain (sth) quickly or stealthily, esp by a surprise or trick 快速地或偷偷地取得（某事物）（尤指出其不意或运用计策）: * steal a few minutes' sleep 偷闲睡上几分钟 * steal a kiss from sb 乘某人不备吻一下 * steal a glance at sb in the mirror 从镜中偷看某人一眼. 3 [Ipr, Ip] ~ in, out, away, etc move in the specified direction secretly and quietly, or without being noticed 偷偷地移动: * He stole into the room. 他潜入房间. * A tear stole down her cheek. 她脸上悄悄淌下了一滴眼泪. * The morning light was stealing through the shutters. 晨光悄悄穿过了百页窗. =>Usage at prowl 用法见prowl. 4 (idm 习语) steal a `march (on sb) gain an advantage over sb by doing sth secretly or slyly, or by acting before he does 偷偷地抢在某人之前. steal the `scene/`show attract the most attention and praise (esp unexpectedly) 抢风头（尤指出其不意）: * Despite fine acting by several well-known stars it was a young newcomer who stole the show. 尽管几位名角演出都很出色, 却未曾想竟让一名新秀抢尽风头. steal sb's `thunder spoil sb's attempt to impress by anticipating him, detracting from what he is saying, doing, etc 抢在某人之前或贬低某人的言行使之不受他人注意. 派生： steal n 1 (US sl 俚) instance of stealing; theft 偷; 盗窃.

steal1
2 (infml 口stealth /// /stelW; stelW] n [U] acting or behaving in a quiet or secret way 悄悄的或秘密的行动: * Tracking wild animals requires great stealth. 跟踪野生动物必须悄然无声. * The burglars had entered the house by stealth. 窃贼偷偷进了那座房子. 派生： stealthy adj (-ier, -iest) doing things, or done, with stealth 悄悄的; 偷偷的; 暗中进行的: stealthy footsteps 悄悄的脚步. stealthily[-ili; -ili] adv. stealthiness n [U].

steam
[sti:m; stim] n [U] 1 (a) invisible gas into which water is changed by boiling 水蒸气; 蒸汽. (b) power obtained using this gas under pressure 加压蒸汽产生的动力: * a building heated by steam 有暖气的建 物 * [attrib 作定语] a steam brake, whistle, winch, etc, ie worked by steam 蒸汽制动器、 汽笛、 汽动绞车 * steam cleaning, ie done by steam 蒸汽洗涤. 2 visible mist that forms when steam condenses in the air 水汽: * steam coming out of a boiling kettle 水烧开後从壶里冒出来的水汽 * The laundry was full of steam. 洗衣房里水汽腾腾. 3 (idm 习语) full speed/steam ahead => full. blow off/let off `steam (infml 口) release surplus energy or emotion from being restrained 宣泄被压抑的过剩精力或情感: * The children were out in the playground letting off steam. 那些孩子在操场上玩, 宣泄过剩的精力. get up `steam (a) (of a vehicle or an engine) slowly increase speed （指汽车或发动机）慢慢加速. (b) (infml 口) (of a person) collect one's energy; gradually become excited or angry （指人）打起精神, 渐渐激动或愤怒. ,run out of `steam (infml 口) become exhausted 失去动力; 筋疲力尽: * There is a danger of the housing programme running out of steam, ie losing its impetus. 住宅兴建计画有半途而废之虞. ,under one's own `steam without help from others; unaided 靠自己的力量. 派生： steam v 1 [I, Ip] give out steam or vapour 放出蒸汽; 冒水汽: steaming hot coffee 热气腾腾的咖啡 * The kettle was steaming (away) on the stove. 水壶在炉子上冒着热气. 2 [Tn, Cn.a] cook, soften or clean (sth), by the use of steam 用蒸汽处理（某物）; 蒸; 蒸汽软化; 蒸汽洗涤: steamed pudding 蒸的布丁 * Steam the fish for 10 minutes. 把鱼蒸10分钟. * steam open an envelope, ie use steam to soften the glue on the flap 用蒸汽把信封口嘘开. =>Usage at cook 用法见cook. 3 (idm 习语) be/get (all) steamed `up (about/over sth) (infml 口) become very enthusiastic, angry, excited, etc 变得很热心、 愤怒、 激动等: Calm down it's nothing to get steamed up about! 冷静一点--没什麽可激动的!

steam1
4 (phr v) steam across, along, away, off, etc move in the specified direction using the power of steam 藉蒸汽动力沿某方向移动: a boat steaming up the Nile 向尼罗河上游行驶的汽船 * The train steamed into/out of the station. 火车驶进[出]了车站. * We were steaming along at 50 mph. 我们靠蒸汽动力以每小时50英里的速度向前行驶. steam sth off (sth) remove (one piece of paper) from another using steam to melt the glue sticking them together 用蒸汽嘘（纸）（使之与黏贴物分开）: steam stamps off envelopes 用蒸汽嘘邮票以便从信封上揭下. steam (sth) up (cause sth to) become covered with condensed steam （使某物）蒙上水汽: The car windows steamed up. 汽车窗户上有一层水汽. steamer n 1 steamship 汽船; 汽艇. 2 metal container with small holes in it, in which food is cooked using steam 蒸锅. steamy adj (-ier, -iest) 1 of, like or full of steam （似）蒸汽的; 充满水汽的: a steamy jungle 雾气弥漫的丛林. 2 (infml 口) erotic and passionate 色情而狂放的: steamy love scenes 狂放的性爱场面. steaminess n [U]. 复合： `steamboat n boat powered by steam, used (esp formerly) on rivers and along coasts （沿河流或近岸海中行驶的）汽船, 汽艇（尤指旧时用的）. `steam-engine n locomotive or engine driven by steam 蒸汽机车; 蒸汽机. `steam iron electric iron that can send out jets of steam from its flat surface 蒸汽电熨斗. ,steam `radio (infml joc 口, 谑) radio broadcasting considered as very old-fashioned by comparison with television 老掉牙的电台广播（与电视相比而言）. `steamroller n heavy slow-moving engine with a large roller, used in road-making 蒸汽压路机. v 1 [Tn] crush or defeat (sb/sth) as with a steamroller steam2 /// `steamship n ship driven by steam 汽船; 汽艇. `steam-shovel n (esp US) machine for excavating, originally worked by steam 汽铲; （汽动）挖掘机. `steam train train pulled by a steam-engine 蒸汽机火车: [attrib 作定语] a steam train enthusiast 蒸汽机火车爱好者.

steed
[sti:d; stid] n (arch or joc 古或谑) horse 马: * my trusty steed 我那匹得力的马.

steel
[sti:l; stil] n 1 [U] (a) strong hard alloy of iron and carbon, much used for making vehicles, tools, knives, machinery, etc 钢: * It's made of steel. 这是钢制的. * [attrib 作定语] steel knives 钢刀. (b) industry that produces steel; production of steel 炼钢工业; 钢铁生产: * [attrib 作定语] the steel strike 炼钢业的罢工 * deserted steel mills 废弃的炼钢厂 * the steel areas of the north 北方的钢铁工业区. 2 [C] thin roughened rod of steel, used for sharpening knives, etc 钢棒（用以磨刀等）. 3 [C] (arch 古) weapon, esp a sword (contrasted with a gun, etc) 钢制武器, （尤指）刀, 剑（与枪炮等相对）: * an enemy worthy of one's steel, ie one who will fight well 值得与之较量的劲敌. 4 (idm 习语) of steel of great strength or hardness 钢铁般的; 强有力的; 坚硬的: * a man of steel 钢铁般坚强的男子 * nerves of steel 巨大的勇气 * a grip of steel 强劲的紧握. 派生： steel v [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.t] ~ oneself/sth (for/against sth) make (oneself, one's heart, etc) hard or strong in preparation for sth 使（自己、 自己的心理承受力等）坚强起来去应付某事: I'm afraid I have bad news for you, so steel yourself. 很抱歉, 有坏消息要告诉你, 你得坚强些. * She had to steel her heart against pity. 她须硬起心肠以顶住怜悯之情. steely adj (-ier, -iest) like steel in colour, hardness, brightness or strength （在颜色、 硬度、 光泽或强度方面）似钢的: a steely look 冷冰冰的神情 * with steely determination 以钢铁般的决心. steeliness n [U]. 复合： ,steel `band West Indian band of musicians with instruments made from empty oil drums （西印度群岛的）钢鼓乐队（用空油桶做的乐器演奏）. ,steel-`plated adj covered with steel plates; armoured 覆以钢板的; 装甲的. ,steel `wool mass of fine steel shavings used for cleaning, scouring and polishing 钢丝绒（用以擦洗或磨光物件的）. Cf 参看 wire wool (wire).

steel1
`steel worker person who works in the steel industry 炼钢工人. `steelworks n (pl unchanged 复数不变) [sing or pl v] factory where steel is made 炼钢厂.

steelyard
[ 5sti:ljB:d or, rarely, 罕读作 5stIljEd; `stil9jBrd,`stIljLd] n type of weighing-machine with two arms of unequal lengths, the longer one marked with a scale along which a weight is moved 秤.

steep
1[sti:p; stip] adj (-er, -est) 1 (of a slope, stairs, etc) rising or falling sharply, not gradually （指斜坡、 楼梯等）陡的, 陡峭的, 陡直的: * a steep path, descent, hill, climb, gradient 陡峭的小路、 坡路、 小山、 攀登路、 斜面 * a steep roof 斜的屋顶 * I never cycle up that hill it's too steep. 我从来不骑车上那座山--太陡了. 2 (infml 口) (of a price or demand) too much; unreasonable; excessive （指价格或要求）过高的, 不合理的, 过分的: * She wants you to feed her cats for four weeks that's a bit steep! 她竟然要你替她喂猫喂四个星期--这可有点过分了! * I wouldn't pay 300 for his old car it's too steep. 我才不花300英镑买他那辆旧汽车呢--这个价钱太高了. 派生： steepen[5sti:pEn; 5stipEn] v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become steep1(1) or steeper （使某物）变陡, 变得更陡峭: * The path steepens as you climb the hillside. 沿着山坡往上爬时, 那条小径越来越陡. steepish adj quite steep 较陡的; 有点陡峭的. steeply adv. steepness n [U].

steeple
[5sti:pl; 5stipl] n tall tower with a spire on top, rising above the roof of a church （教堂的）尖塔. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page viii. 复合： `steeplejack n person who climbs steeples, tall chimneys, etc to repair or paint them 高空作业修建工（爬上尖塔、 高烟囱等进行修缮或粉刷者）.

steeplechase
[5sti:pltFeis; 5stipl7tFes] n 1 horse-race across country or on a course with various hedges and ditches to be jumped 越野赛马; 障碍赛马. Cf 参看 flat racing (flat2). 2 race for athletes, across country or on a running track, with obstacles such as fences, hedges and ditches to be jumped 越野赛跑; 障碍赛跑. 派生： steeplechaser n person or horse competing in steeplechases 参加越野（或障碍）赛跑的人; 越野（或障碍）赛马的参赛马.

steer
1[stiE(r); stir] v 1 (a) [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] direct or control the course of (a boat, car, etc) 操纵（船、 汽车等）的行驶方向; 驾驶: * You steer and I'll push. 你来掌方向盘, 我来推. * steer by the stars 参照星星的方位来驾驶 * steer a boat into (the) harbour 把船驶进港 * (fig 比喻) He managed to steer the discussion away from the subject of money. 他设法把讨论内容从钱的话题上岔开了. * (fig 比喻) She steered me towards a table in the corner. 她要我到角落里的一张桌子那儿. (b) [I] (of a boat, car, etc) be able to be steered （指船、 汽车等）可驾驶: * a car that steers well on corners 转弯灵活的汽车. 2 [Tn] follow or keep to (a course) 向（某方向）行驶: * keep steering north/a northerly course 向北行驶. 3 (idm 习语) keep/stay/steer clear => clear2. 派生： steerer[5stiErE(r); 5stirl] n person who steers 驾驶者; 掌舵的人; 舵手. steering[5stiEriN; 5stiriN] n [U] equipment or mechanismfor steering a car, boat, etc （汽车、 船等的）转向装置, 操舵装置: * power steering 动力转向装置 * There is something wrong with the steering. 转向装置出毛病了. steersman[-zmEn; -zmEn] n (pl -men[-mEn; -mEn] ) person who steers a boat, ship, etc 掌舵的人; 舵手. Cf 参看 helmsman (helm). 复合： `steering-column n column-shaped part of a car, etc on which the steering-wheel is fitted 转向柱. `steering committee committee that decides the order of certain business activities and guides their general course 程序委员会. `steering lock mechanism in a vehicle's steering-column that allows the steering-wheel to be locked in a fixed position to prevent anyone stealing the vehicle 防盗方向盘锁. `steering-wheel n wheel for controlling the steering in a car, ship, etc 方向盘; 舵轮. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xii.

steerage
[5stiEridV; 5stiridV] n [U] 1 action of steering and its effects on a ship, vehicle, etc 驾驶; 操舵; 舵效. 2 section of a ship nearest the rudder, where accommodation was formerly provided for passengers travelling at the lowest fares （旧时）（客轮的）统舱（近舵处, 票价最廉）: * travel steerage 乘坐统舱 * [attrib 作定语] steerage class 统舱级. 复合： `steerage-way n [U] (nautical 海) forward movement needed by a ship, boat, etc to allow it to be steered or controlled properly 舵效航速.

stellar
[5stelE(r); 5stell] adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] (fml 文) of a star or stars 星的; 星球的: * stellar light 星光. Cf 参看 interstellar.

stem
1[stem; stem] n 1 (a) main central part of a plant, bush or tree coming up from the roots, from which the leaves or flowers grow （花草的）茎; （树木的）干. =>illus at fungus 见fungus插图. (b) part of a leaf, flower or fruit that joins it to the main stalk or twig （叶片、 花朵或果实的）梗, 柄. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page ii. 2 thin stem-shaped part of sth, esp the narrow part of a wineglass between the base and the bowl or the part of a tobacco pipe between the mouthpiece and the bowl 茎状部分; （尤指）高脚酒杯的颈, 烟斗柄. 3 (grammar) root or main part of a noun or verb from which other parts or words are made, eg by altering the endings 词干. 4 (fml 文) main line of descent of a family 血统. 5 (idm 习语) from ,stem to `stern from the front to the back (esp of a ship) 从头到尾; （尤指）从船首到船尾: * The liner has been refitted from stem to stern. 那艘班轮已经全面整修. 派生： stem v (-mm-) (phr v) stem from sth arise from sth; have sth as its origin or cause 来自或起源於某事物; 由某事物造成: discontent stemming from low pay and poor working conditions 因工资低、 工作条件差而产生的不满情绪. -`stemmed (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having a stem or stems of the specified type 具有某种茎、 干、 梗或柄的: ,long-/,short-/,thick-stemmed `glasses * a ,straight-stemmed `flower.

Sten
[sten; sten] n (also `Sten gun) type of small machine-gun, usu fired from the hip 司登枪（冲锋枪）.

stench
[stentF; stentF] n (usu sing 通常作单数) very unpleasant smell 恶臭; 臭气: * the stench of rotting meat 腐肉的恶臭.

stencil
[5stensl; 5stensl] n [C] 1 thin sheet of metal, cardboard, etc with a design or letters cut out of it, used for putting this design, etc onto a surface when ink or paint is applied to it （镂有图案或文字供印刷用的）模版, 型版; 蜡版. 2 design, lettering, etc produced in this way 用模版印出的图案或文字: * decorate a wall with flower stencils 用模版印花图案装饰墙壁. 3 waxed sheet from which a stencil is made by a typewriter 打字蜡纸: * cut a stencil 在蜡纸上打字. 派生： stencil v (-ll-; US also -l-) [I, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (A on B/B with A) produce (a design, lettering, etc) by using a stencil; mark (a surface) with a stencil 用模版或蜡纸印刷（图案、 文字等）; 在（某物表面）印上模版图案或文字: Do you know how to stencil? 你会用模版印图吗? * stencil a pattern on cloth/stencil cloth with a pattern 把图案印在布上[给布印上图案].

steno
[5stenEu; 5steno] n (infml 口 esp US) = stenographer (stenography).

stenography
[stE'nCgrEfi; stE'nagrEfi] n [U] (esp US) = shorthand (short). 派生： stenographer[-fE(r); -fl] (esp US) (Brit,shorthand-`typist) n person who can write shorthand or is employed to do this 会速记的人; 速记员.

stentorian
[sten'tC:riEn; sten'tCriEn] adj (fml 文) (of a voice) loud and powerful （指嗓音）洪亮的, 响亮的: * stentorian tones 响亮的音调.

step
1[step; step] v (-pp-) [Ipr, Ip] 1 lift and put down the foot, or one foot after the other, as in walking 踩; 踏; 跨步; （连续）迈步: * step on sb's foot 踩着某人的脚 * step in a puddle 踏进水坑 * step forwards/backwards 向前迈步[向後退步]. 2 move a short distance in this way in the direction specified 向某方向走一小段距离: * step across a stream 产尚过小溪 * step into a boat 登船 * step onto/off the platform 走上[下]讲台 * `Kindly step this way (ie come here, follow me), please.’ ‘请往这边走.’ * (fig 比喻) step into a job, ie get one without effort 轻易得到一份工作. 3 (idm 习语) step into the `breach help to organize sth by filling the place of sb who is absent （某人不在时）代理某事. step into sb's `shoes take control of a responsible task or job from another person 接替某人. `step on it (US also step on the `gas) (infml 口) go faster; increase speed (esp in a vehicle); hurry 快走; 加速（尤指开车时）; 踩油门; 赶快: You'll be late if you don't step on it. 你要是不加快速度就要迟到了. ,step out of `line behave or act differently from what is expected 出格; 越轨: The teacher warned them that she would punish anyone who stepped out of line. 老师警告他们说谁要不守规矩就罚谁. 4 (phr v) step aside allow another person to take one's place, position, job, etc 让开; 让位: He stepped aside to let me pass. 他站到一边让我过去. * It's time for me to step aside and let a younger person become chairman. 我该把主席的位子让给年轻的人了. step down resign (usu from an important position, job, etc) to allow another person to take one's place 辞职（以让位给他人, 通常指重要职位、 工作等）. step forward present oneself (eg to offer help or information); come forward 站出来（如提供帮助或信息）; 自告奋勇: The organizing committee is appealing for volunteers to step forward. 组织委员会号召志愿者自告奋勇.

step1
step in intervene (to help or hinder sb/sth) 干预（以帮助或阻止某人[某事物]）; 介入: If the police had not stepped in when they did there would have been serious violence. 当时若警方迟一些干预就会发生严重的暴力事件了. step out walk faster; move more quickly 加快脚步; 加速. step up come forward 站出来; 自告奋勇. step sth up increase sth; improve sth 增加某事物; 促进某事物: step up production 增加生产 * step up (ie put more effort into) the campaign for nuclear disarmament 加强争取核裁军的运动. 复合： `stepping-stone n (a) flat stone (usu one of several) providing a place to step on when crossing a stream, river, etc on foot （过河等用的）踏脚石. (b) (fig 比喻) means or stage of progress towards achieving or attaining sth 藉以达到目标的手段或阶段: a first stepping-stone on the path to success 通向成功的第一步.

steppe
[step; step] n (usu pl 通常作复数) flat grassy plain with few trees, esp in SE Europe and Siberia （树木稀少的）大草原; （尤指东南欧和西伯利亚的）乾草原. Cf 参看 pampas, prairie, savannah, veld.

stereo
[5steriEu; 5sterio] n (pl ~s) 1 [U] stereophonic sound or recording 立体声; 立体声录音: * broadcast in stereo 立体声广播 * [attrib 作定语] a stereo recording, record, cassette, system 立体声的录音、 唱片、 盒式磁带、 音响设备. 2 stereophonic record-player, radio, etc 立体声音响器材（立体声唱机、 收音机等）: * Where's your stereo? 你的立体声音响设备在哪儿呢? Cf 参看 mono.

stereophonic
[7steriE'fCnik; 7steriE'fanik] adj 1 (ofrecorded or broadcast sound) giving the effect of naturallydistributed sound, and requiring two loudspeakers placed separately （指录制的或广播的声音）有立体效果的, 立体声的: * a stereophonic recording 立体声录音. 2 (of apparatus) designed for recording or reproducing sound in this way （指器材）立体声录音或放音的. Cf 参看 monophonic.

stereoscope
[5steriEskEup; 5steriE7skop] n apparatus through which two photographs, taken from slightly different angles, can be seen as if united and with the effect of depth and solidity 体视镜（可观看两张拍摄角度稍异的照片, 产生立体感）. 派生： stereoscopic[7steriE'skCpik; 7steriE'skapik] adj giving a three-dimensional effect 产生叁维空间效果的; 有立体感的: * a stereoscopic image, photograph, etc 有立体感的图像、 照片等.

stereotype
[5steriEtaip; 5steriE7taip] n [C] 1 image,idea, character, etc that has become fixed or standardizedin a conventional form without individuality (and is therefore perhaps false) 模式化的形象、 思想、 人物等; 老一套: * He doesn't conform to the usual stereotype of the city businessman with a dark suit and rolled umbrella. 他不像典型的城市商人那样, 穿一身深色的套服、 带一把收好的雨伞. * [attrib 作定语] a play full of stereotype characters 充斥着公式化人物的话剧. 2 printing-plate made from a mould of a set piece of movable printing type 铅版. 派生： stereotyped adj (often derog 常作贬义) (of images, ideas, characters, etc) fixed, unchanging or standardized; without individuality （指形象、 思想、 人物等）模式化的, 无个性的: stereotyped images of women in advertisements 广告中千篇一律的女性形象. stereotyping n [U]: sexual stereotyping 性别的模式化.

sterile
[5sterail; - 'sterEl; 5sterEl] adj 1 (of plants, animals or humans) not producing or not able to produce seeds, young or children （指植物、 动物或人）不产生种子的, 不能生殖的, 不育的: * Medical tests showed that he was sterile. 医学检查表明他没有生育能力. 2 (of land) that cannot produce crops; barren （指土地）不能长庄稼的, 不毛的, 荒瘠的. 3 (fig 比喻) (of discussion, communication, etc) producing no useful results; unproductive （指讨论、 联系等）无结果的, 无效果的: * a sterile debate 毫无结果的辩论. 4 free from germs, bacteria, etc 无菌的; 消过毒的: * sterile bandages 无菌 带 * An operating theatre should be completely sterile. 手术室应该完全无菌. Cf 参看 fertile. 派生： sterility/stE'rilEti; stE'rilEti] n [U] state or quality of being sterile 不产生种子; 无生殖力; 荒瘠; 无结果; 无菌. sterilize, -ise[5sterElaiz; 5sterE7laiz] v [Tn] 1 make (sth) sterile(4) or free from bacteria 为（某物）消毒或杀菌: * sterilized milk 消毒牛奶 * sterilized surgical instruments消过毒的外科手术器械. 2 make (a person or an animal) unable to produce young or children (esp by removal or obstruction of the reproductive organs) 使（人）绝育; 使（动物）失去生殖能力: * After her fourth child she decided to be/have herself sterilized. 她生了第四个孩子後决定做绝育手术. sterilization, -isation/ 9sterElaI5zeIFn; US -lI5z-; 9stZrElE`zeFEn/ n [U].

sterling
[5stE:liN; 5stEliN] adj 1 (abbr 缩写 stg) (of coins or precious metal) of standard value and purity; genuine （指硬币或贵金属）标准纯度的, 真的: * sterling silver cutlery 标准纯银的餐具. 2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (fig 比喻) (of a person or his qualities, etc) admirable or excellent in quality （指人或其品质等）令人钦佩的, 优秀的: * her sterling qualities as an organizer 她那高超的组织才能. 派生： sterling n [U] British money 英国货币: the pound sterling, ie the British ￡ 英镑 * payable in sterling or American dollars 可用英镑或美元支付. Cf 参看 pound1 2. 复合： the `sterling area group of countries that formerly kept their reserves in British sterling currency and between which money could easily be transferred 英镑区（旧时用英镑作准备金的各国）.

stern
1[stE:n; stEn] adj (-er, -est) (a) serious and grim, not kind or cheerful; expecting to be obeyed 严肃的; 严厉的; 不苟言笑的; 要求别人服从的: * a stern taskmaster, teacher, parent, etc 严厉的监工、 教师、 父亲（或母亲）等 * a stern face, expression, look, etc 严肃的面容、 表情、 神态等. (b) severe and strict 严厉的; 严格的; 严酷的; 严峻的; 苛刻的: * stern treatment for offenders 对犯法者的严厉对待 * Police are planning sterner measures to combat crime. 警方正在制订更严厉的措施来打击犯罪活动. > sternly adj. sternness n [U].

sternum
[5stE:nEm; 5stEnEm] n (pl ~s or sterna[5stE:nE;'stEnE] ) (anatomy 解) = breastbone (breast).

steroid
[5sterCid, 'stiErCid; 5sterCid, 'stirCid] n (chemistry 化) any of a number of organic compounds naturally produced in the body, including certain hormones and vitamins 甾族化合物; 类固醇: * He's being treated with steroids for leukaemia. 他因患白血病正在接受类固醇治疗.

stertorous
[5stE:tErEs; 5stEtErEs] adj (fml 文) (of breathing or a person breathing) making a loud snoring noise （指呼吸或人呼吸时）发出呼噜声的, 打鼾的. > stertorously adv.

stet
[stet; stet] v 1 [I] (used only in the form stet as an instruction to a printer, etc when written beside a word that has been crossed out or corrected by mistake 仅用原形stet, 作校对批注用语, 写於已删除或误改之文字旁) let it stay or remain as written or printed 不删; 不改; 保留原样. 2 (-tt-) [Tn] write `stet' beside (sth); cancel the correction of 在（删改处）旁注上‘保留’字样; 取消对...的删改: * The proof-reader had changed a word but I stetted it. 校对员改动了一个词, 我批注不应改动, 恢复原状.

stethoscope
[5steWEskEup; 5steWE7skop] n instrument used by doctors for listening to the beating of the heart, sounds of breathing, etc 听诊器.

stetson
[5stetsn; 5stetsn] n man's hat with a high crown and wide brim, worn esp by cowboys （男用）高顶阔边帽（尤指牧牛工戴的）. =>illus at hat 见hat插图.

stevedore
[5sti:vEdC:(r); 5stivE7dCr] n person whose work is loading and unloading ships; docker （船货）装卸工; 码头工人.

stew
[stju:; - stu:; stu] v 1 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) cook slowly in water or juice in a closed dish, pan, etc （将某物）用文火煮, 炖, 煨, 焖: * The meat needs to stew for several hours. 这肉得炖几个钟头. * stewing steak, ie beef suitable for stewing 宜作炖食的牛排 * stewed chicken, fruit 炖熟的鸡、 水果 * stewed apple and custard 浇蛋奶汁的炖苹果. 2 [I] (infml 口) be very hot; swelter 很热; 热得难受: * Please open a window -- we're stewing in here! 请打开窗户吧--我们热死了! 3 (idm 习语) let sb `stew (infml 口) leave sb to continue suffering from the unpleasant consequences of his own actions (without offering help, sympathy, etc) 让某人自讨苦吃（而不相助、 不同情等）. stew in one's own`juice (infml 口) suffer from the unpleasant consequencesof one's own actions 自作自受: * I don't see why I should help her -- she can stew in her own juice for a bit. 我干吗要帮她--她自作自受得吃点苦头才好呢. 派生： stew n 1 [C, U] (dish of) stewed meat, vegetables, etc 炖菜: make a stew 做一道炖菜 * have some more stew 再吃点炖菜. 2 (idm 习语) get (oneself) into/be in a `stew (about sth) (infml 口) become/be nervous, anxious or agitated (about sth) （对某事物）不安, 担忧, 激动: He's got himself into a complete stew about his exams. 他对考试紧张得不得了. stewed adj [usu pred 通常作表语] 1 (of tea) tasting unpleasantly strong and bitter from being left in the teapot too long （指茶）（因久泡）酽而苦. 2 (sl 俚) drunk 喝醉.

steward
[stjuEd; - 'stu:Erd; 5stuld] n 1 person employed to manage another's property, esp a large house or estate （受雇管理他人财产的）管理员, 管家（尤指巨宅或地产的）. 2 person whose job is to arrange for the supply of food to a college, club, etc （大学、 俱乐部等的）膳食管理员. 3 (fem 阴性作 stewardess/ 9stjUE5des; US 5stu:ErdEs; `stuLdEs/) person who attends to the needs of passengers on a ship, an aircraft or a train （轮船、 飞机或火车上的）服务员: * the baggage/cabin/deck steward 负责行李[客舱/舱面]的服务员 * an `air stewardess 空中小姐. 4 official responsible for organizing a dance, race-meeting, show, public meeting, demonstration, etc （舞会、 赛马大会、 表演、 公共集会、 示威活动等的）组织者, 筹备人, 干事, 理事: * The stewards will inspect the course to see if racing is possible. 那些干事将检视赛马场看是否适宜比赛. 派生： stewardship n [U] (fml 文) position and duties of a steward 管理员、 服务员、 筹备人的职位和职责.

Sth
abbr 缩写 = South: Sth Pole, eg on a map 南极（如标於地图上的）.

stick
1[stik; stik] n 1 [C] short thin piece of wood used as a support, as a weapon or as firewood （作支持物、 武器或柴火的）棍, 棒, 柴枝: * collect dry sticks to make a fire 拾些乾柴生火 * cut sticks to support peas in the garden 砍些小树枝以支撑园子里的豌豆. 2 [C] = walking-stick (walk1): * The old man cannot walk without a stick. 那位老先生离开手杖就走不了路. 3 [C] implement used to hit and direct the ball in hockey, polo, etc （曲棍球、 马球等的）球棍. 4 [C] (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) long thin rod-shaped piece of a substance 细长如棍之物; 棒状物; 条状物: * sticks of celery, chalk, charcoal, dynamite, rhubarb, wax 一根根的芹菜、 粉笔、 木炭、 炸药、 食用大黄、 蜡 * brass candlesticks 黄铜烛台. 5 [C] conductor's baton 指挥棒. 6 [C] set of bombs dropped one after the other so that they fall in a row 连续投下的一串炸弹. 7 [C usu pl 通常作复数] ~ (of sth) (infml 口) piece (of furniture) （家具的）件: * These few sticks (of furniture) are all he has left. 这几件（家具）就是他留下的全部物品了. 8 [C] (infml 口) person of the specified type, esp a dull or an unsociable one 某种类型的人; （尤指）呆头呆脑的人, 不善交际的人: * He's a rather boring old stick. 他是个相当乏味的家伙. 9 the sticks [pl] (infml 口) rural areas far from cities 远离城市的边远地方: * live (out) in the sticks 住在远离城市的边远地方. 10 (idm 习语) be in a cleft stick => cleave1. the big stick => big. the carrot and the stick => carrot. get the wrong end of the stick => wrong. get/take stick (from sb) (infml 口) be punished or treated severely 受到严惩或严厉对待: * The government has taken a lot of stick from the press recently. 政府近来受到新闻界猛烈抨击. give sb `stick (infml 口) punish or treat sb severely 严惩或严厉对待某人. a rod/stick to beat sb with => beat1. up sticks => up v.

stick1
复合： `stick insect large insect with a body shaped like a twig 竹节虫. `stickpin n (US) = tie-pin(tie1). `stick shift (US) way of operating the gears in a car by means of a gear-lever mounted on the floor （汽车）操纵变速 （换挡的方法）.

sticker
[5stikE(r); 5stikl] n 1 sticky label with a picture or message on it （有黏胶的）图文标签: * The child had stickers all over his school books. 那孩子把他的课本贴满了图文标签. 2 (infml approv 口, 褒) person who does not give up in spite of difficulties 坚持不懈的人; 锲而不舍的人.

stickleback
[5stiklbAk; 5stikl7bAk] n small fish with sharp spikes on its back 刺鱼（背上有尖刺的小鱼）.

stickler
[5stiklE(r); 5stikll] n ~ for sth person who thinks that a certain goal is very important and tries to make other people aim at it 认为某事重要而竭力让别人做好的人: * a stickler for accuracy, punctuality, discipline,etc 要求准确、 准时、 纪律严明...的人.

sticky
[5stiki; 5stiki] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 that sticks or tends to stick to anything which touches it 黏的; 黏性的: * sticky fingers covered in jam 沾满果酱的黏糊糊的手指 * The floor's very sticky near the cooker. 炉具旁边地面上黏黏糊糊的. 2 (infml 口) (of weather) unpleasantly hot and damp, causing one to sweat （指天气）湿热得难受的: * a sticky August afternoon 八月里一个湿热得令人难受的下午. 3 (infml 口) unpleasant; difficult 不愉快的; 困难的: * His dismissal was rather a sticky business for all concerned. 他遭解雇一事, 有关的人都很为难. * Their marriage is going through a sticky patch, ie an unpleasant period of time. 他们的婚姻关系如临深渊. 4 [usu pred 通常作表语] (infml 口) making or likely to make objections, be unhelpful, etc 持异议、 不肯帮忙...: * The bank manager was a bit sticky about letting me have an overdraft. 银行经理不太同意让我透支. 5 (idm 习语) come to a bad/sticky end => end1. sticky `fingers (euph 婉) tendency to steal 手黏（好偷窃）. a sticky `wicket (Brit) (a) (in cricket) a wet wicket (playing-surface) which dries quickly in the sun and is difficult to bat on （板球）湿软的叁柱门（场地）（湿後迅即晒乾因而难以击球的）. (b) (fig 比喻) situation that is hard to deal with 难以应付的情况: * We're on a sticky wicket with these negotiations they could very well fail. 我们在谈判中已陷入泥淖--很可能失败. > stickily[-ili; -Eli] adv. stickiness n [U]. 复合： sticky `tape long thin strip of plastic, etc which is sticky on one side, and is used for joining things together 黏胶带.

stiff
[stif; stif] adj (-er, -est) 1 not easily bent, folded, moved, changed in shape, etc 不易弯曲、 打摺、 移动、 变形等的; 坚硬的; 僵直的: * a sheet of stiff cardboard 一块硬纸板 * a stiff drawer 很紧的抽屉 * a stiff pair of shoes 一双硬邦邦的鞋 * have a stiff neck, ie painful and difficult to move 颈部强直 * feel stiff (ie have stiff muscles and joints) after a long walk 走长路後感觉肢体发僵. 2 thick and hard to stir; not liquid 稠的; 难搅拌的; 非液态的: * Stir the flour and milk to a stiff paste. 把面粉和牛奶搅成很稠的糊. 3 (a) hard to do; difficult 不好做的; 因难的: * a stiff climb 吃力的攀登 * a stiff exam 难度大的考试. (b) severe; tough 严厉的; 激烈的: * The judge imposed a stiff sentence. 法官做出了严厉的判决. * Competition is stiff. 竞争很激烈. 4 formal in manner, behaviour, etc; not friendly （态度、 举止等）生硬的, 拘谨的, 不友好的: * Their manner was rather stiff. 他们的态度很生硬. 5 (infml 口) (of a price) (too) high （指价格）（太）高: * pay a stiff membership fee 缴纳很高的会费. 6 (of a breeze) blowing strongly （指风）强劲的, 猛烈的. 7 (of an alcoholic drink) strong and undiluted （指酒）烈性的, 未经稀释的: * That was a shock I need a stiff drink! 这可真吓人--我得喝点烈酒了! * a stiff glass of rum 一杯纯的朗姆酒. 8 (idm 习语) stiff/straight as a ramrod => ramrod. (keep) a stiff upper lip (show) an ability to appear calm and unworried when in pain, trouble, etc （遇痛苦、 困难等时）（表现）沉着而坚强的能力, 咬紧牙关. 派生： stiff adv (infml 口) to an extreme degree; very much 极度地; 非常: worried/scared/frozen stiff 非常担心[极其害怕/冻僵] * The opera bored me stiff. 这个歌剧真把我腻烦透了. stiff n (sl 俚) dead body; corpse 死 , 体（尤指人的）. stiffly adv: He bent down stiffly. 他直僵僵地弯下身子.

stiff1
stiffness n [U]. 复合： ,stiff-`necked adj (fml derog 文, 贬) obstinate and proud 顽固而傲慢的.

stiffen
[5stifn; 5stifEn] v [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (up) (with sth) (cause sth to) become stiff or stiffer （使某物）变得（更加）坚硬、 僵硬、 困难、 生硬、 强烈等: * My back has stiffened (up) overnight. 我的後背一夜之间强直了. * He stiffened (with terror) at the horrific sight. 他看到那恐怖的情景吓呆了. * cotton stiffened with starch 上浆後发挺的棉布 * (fig 比喻) The promise of a reward might stiffen their resolve, ie make them braver. 答应给他们奖励, 他们就可能更勇敢了. 派生： stiffener[5stifnE(r); 5stifEnl] n thing used to stiffen 用以变硬或变强之物: * a collar stiffener 衣领衬料. stiffening[5stifniN; 5stifEniN] n [U] material used to stiffen a piece of cloth or a garment 浆硬剂（使布或服装挺括的材料）.

stifle
[5staifl; 5staifl] v 1 [I, Tn] feel or make (sb) unable to breathe (easily) because of lack of fresh air; suffocate 感到窒息; 使（某人）不能（顺畅）呼吸: * We were stifling in that hot room with all the windows closed. 我们在那间关着窗户的热屋子里, 简直透不过气来. * a baby stifled by a pillow 被枕头捂住无法呼吸的婴儿 * The smoke filled the room and almost stifled the firemen. 屋里浓烟弥漫呛得消防队员喘不过气来. 2 [Tn] extinguish (a fire); put out 熄灭（火）; 扑灭: * stifle flames with a blanket 用毯子扑灭火焰. 3 [Tn] suppress (sth); restrain 镇压（某事物）; 遏制: * stifle a rebellion 平息叛乱 * stifle a yawn, laugh, cry, sob, etc 忍住哈欠、 笑、 哭、 抽泣等 * (derog 贬) stifle ideas, initiative 压制思想、 主动性. > stifling[5staifliN; 5staifliN] adj: * It's stifling in here; open a window! 这里很闷, 打开窗户吧! * the stifling atmosphere of the royal court, with all its petty restrictive rules 宫廷里那令人窒息的气氛, 因为有各种繁文褥节. stiflingly adv: * stiflingly hot 闷热.

stigma
[5stigmE; 5stigmE] n 1 [C, U] mark of shame or disgrace; shameful feeling or reputation 耻辱的标记; 羞耻之心; 污名: * There is less stigma attached to illegitimacy now than there used to be. 私生子女已不像过去那样见不得人了. 2 [C] (botany 植) part that receives the pollen in the centre of a flower 柱头（花的中央接受花粉的部分）.

stigmata
[5stigmEtE; 5stigmEtE] n [pl] marks resembling the wounds made by nails on the body of Christ when he was crucified, said to have appeared on the bodies of various saints and considered as a sign of holiness by some Christians 圣痕（与耶稣受难伤痕相应的瘢痕, 据称曾在许多圣徒身上出现, 有些基督徒视之为神圣的标志）.

stigmatize
[5stigmEtaiz; 5stigmE7taiz] v [Cn.n/a usu passive 通常用於被动语态] ~ sb/sth as sth (fml 文) describe or consider sb/sth as sth disgraceful or shameful 将某人[某事物]形容为、 视为可耻之物: * stigmatized as a coward and a liar 被指责为胆小鬼和说谎的人.

stile
[stail; stail] n 1 set of steps enabling walkers to get over or through a fence, wall, etc in the country （乡村中供人穿越栅栏、 围墙等的）台阶. 2 (idm 习语) help a lame dog over a stile => help1.

stiletto
[sti'letEu; sti'leto] n (pl ~s[-tEuz; -toz] ) 1 small dagger or tool with a narrow pointed blade 短剑; 匕首. 2 (usu pl 通常作复数) (Brit infml 口) woman's shoe with a stiletto heel 细高跟女鞋. 复合： sti,letto `heel (Brit) high, very narrow heel on a woman's shoe （女鞋的）细高跟.

still
1[stil; stil] adj (-er, -est) 1 (a) (almost) without movement or sound; quiet and calm （几乎）不动或无声的; 静止的; 寂静的: * still water 死水 * absolutely/completely/perfectly still 极其[十分/非常]宁静 * Please keep/stay/hold/sit/stand still while I take your photograph. 我给你拍照时请别动. (b) without wind 无风的: * a still day in August 八月里无风的一天. =>Usage at quiet 用法见quiet. 2 [attrib 作定语] (of drinks) not containing bubbles of gas; not sparkling or fizzy （指饮料）不含碳酸气的, 不起泡的: * still cider, orange, mineral water, etc 无汽的苹果汁、 橙子汁、 矿泉水等. 3 (idm 习语) the still small `voice (of conscience) (rhet 修辞) a person's sense of right and wrong 良心的呼唤; 是非感.still waters run `deep (saying 谚) a quiet or apparentlycalm person can have strong emotions, much knowledge or wisdom, etc 静水流深（沉静或寡言者或有强烈情感、 丰富知识或非凡智慧等）. 派生： still n 1 single photograph of a scene from a cinema film （电影片中某一镜头的）剧照, 定格画面: stills from a new film, eg as used for advertising 新影片的剧照（如用作广告的）. 2 (idm 习语) the still of the `night (rhet 修辞) the calmness or silence of the night 夜间的寂静. still v [I, Tn] (fml 文) (cause sth to) become calm or at rest （使某物）平静下来或静止: The waves stilled. 波浪平静下来了. * (fig 比喻) She couldn't still her anxiety. 她无法消除内心的不安. stillness n [U] quality of being still 静止; 寂静; 安静; 平静. 复合： `still birth (a) birth at which the baby is born dead 死产. (b) baby born dead 死产儿. Cf 参看 live birth (live1). `stillborn adj 1 (of a baby) dead when born （指婴儿）死产的. 2 (rhet 修辞) (of an idea or a plan) not developing further （指思想或计画）夭折的. ,still `life (a) [U] representation of non-living objects

still1
(eg fruit, flowers, etc) in painting （绘画中的）静物（如水果、 花等）; 静物画: I prefer landscape to still life. 我喜欢风景画, 不喜欢静物画. (b) [C] (pl still lifes) picture of this type 静物画.

stilt
[stilt; stilt] n 1 either of a pair of poles, each with a support for the foot, on which a person can walk raised above the ground 高跷: * a pair of stilts 一副高跷 * walk on stilts 踩高跷. 2 any one of a set of posts or poles on which a building, etc is supported above the ground （将建 物等支离地面的）桩子, 支柱: * a house (up) on stilts 用桩子支撑着的房子.

stilted
[5stiltid; 5stiltid] adj (derog 贬) (of a manner of talking, writing, behaving, etc) stiff and unnatural; artificial （指言谈、 文笔、 举止等）生硬的, 不自然的, 矫揉造作的: * a rather stilted conversation 颇为生硬的对话. > stiltedly adv.

Stilton
[5stiltEn; 5stiltn] n [U] white English cheese with green-blue lines of mould running through it and a strong flavour 斯蒂尔顿乾酪（英国的一种白乳酪, 有蓝绿色霉纹, 味浓）.

stimulant
[5stimjulEnt; 5stimjElEnt] n 1 (drink containinga) drug that increases physical or mental activity and alertness 兴奋剂; 含兴奋剂的饮料: * Coffee and tea are mild stimulants. 咖啡和茶都是平和的兴奋剂. * [attrib 作定语] stimulant drugs 兴奋剂. 2 ~ (to sth) event, activity, etc that encourages greater or further activity 起刺激、 激励作用的事情、 活动等: * It is hoped the tax cuts will act as a stimulant to further economic growth. 希望降低税率这一措施能刺激经济进一步增长.

stimulate
[5stimjuleit; 5stimjE7let] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.t] ~ sb/sth (to sth) make sb/sth more active or alert; arouse sb/sth 使某人[某事物]奋发起来; 刺激、 激励某人[某事物]: * Praise always stimulates him to further efforts/to make greater efforts. 一表扬他就能激励他更加努力. * The exhibition stimulated interest in the artist's work. 这次展览引起人们对这位艺术家的作品的兴趣. 2 [Tn, Cn.t] cause (sth) to work or function 促使（某事物）发挥作用: * a hormone that stimulates ovulation 促进排卵的激素. 3 [Tn] arouse the interest and excitement of (sb) 激发（某人）的兴趣和热情: * a low level of conversation that failed to stimulate me 不能引起我兴趣的程度很低的会话. 派生： stimulating adj (a) tending to stimulate; arousing 刺激性的; 起激励作用的: the stimulating effect of coffee 咖啡的提神作用. (b) interesting or exciting 饶有兴味的; 使人兴奋的: a stimulating discussion 使人感兴趣的讨论 * I find his work very stimulating. 我觉得他的作品引人入胜. stimulation[7stimju'leiFn; 7stimjE'leFEn] n [U]: * a working atmosphere lacking in stimulation 死气沉沉的工作环境.

stimulus
[5stimjulEs; 5stimjElEs] n (pl -li[-lai; -lai] )~ (to sth/to do sth) 1 thing that produces a reaction in living things 使生物体产生反应之物; 刺激物: * The nutrient in the soil acts as a stimulus to growth/to make the plants grow. 土壤中的养分能促进植物生长. * Does the child respond to auditory stimuli? ie Does he react to the sounds around him? 那孩子对声音有反应吗? 2 (fml 文) thing that encourages or excites sb/sth to activity, greater effort, etc 起鼓舞或激励作用的事物; 促进因素: * the stimulus of fierce competition 引起激烈竞争的事物 * Her words of praise were a stimulus to work harder. 她赞扬的话鼓舞人工作更努力.

sting
1[stiN; stiN] n 1 [C] sharp pointed organ of some insects (eg bees, wasps) and other animals, used for wounding and (usu) injecting poison （某些昆虫, 如蜜蜂、 黄蜂, 及其他动物的）螫针, 螫刺, 毒刺: * The sting of a scorpion is in its tail. 子的毒钩在其尾部. 2 [C] sharp pointed hair on the surface of the leaf of some plants (eg nettles) that causes pain when touched （某些植物, 如 麻, 叶子表面上的）螫毛. 3 [C] (a) (pain from) wounding by an animal's or a plant's sting （动物螫刺或植物螫毛造成的）螫痛, 刺痛: * That bee gave me a nasty sting. 那只蜜蜂狠狠地蜇了我一下. * The sting of a jellyfish is very painful. 让水母刺着是很痛的. (b) place of a wound made by a sting 螫伤处; 蜇伤处: * Her face was covered in wasp stings. 她脸上满是黄蜂蜇过的伤痕. 4 [C, U] any sharp pain of body or mind; wounding effect （身体上或精神上的）剧痛, 造成伤痛的作用力: * ointment to take the sting out of the burn 烧伤止痛药膏 * the sting of the wind 风刮的刺痛 * the sting of remorse, jealousy, etc 因悔恨、 忌妒等而感到的剧烈痛苦 * His tongue has a nasty sting, ie He says hurtful things. 他的舌头能蜇人（说话伤人）. 5 (idm 习语) a ,sting in the `tail unpleasant feature which only becomes apparent atthe end 直到最後才显现出来的坏处: * The announcementof the pay rise had a sting in its tail we would have to work longer hours. 宣布了提高工资有个倒霉事在後头--我们得延长工时. 复合： `sting-ray n large wide flat fish that can cause severe wounds with its stinging tail 刺 （体扁而宽的大鱼, 尾有毒刺具杀伤力）.

stingy
[5stindVi; 5stindVi] adj (infml 口) spending, using or giving unwillingly; mean 吝啬的; 吝惜的; 小气的: * Don't be so stingy with the sugar! 别那麽吝惜糖! * He's very stingy about lending money. 他非常吝啬, 不愿借钱给别人. * a stingy portion of food 量很少的一份食物. > stingily[-ili; -Eli] adv. stinginess n [U].

stink
[stiNk; stiNk] v (pt stank/stNk; stANk] or stunk/stQNk; stQNk] , pp stunk) (infml 口) 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (of sth) have a very unpleasant and offensive smell 有臭味; 发臭: * That rotten fish stinks. 那条鱼腐烂得发臭了. * Her breath stank of garlic. 她呼吸中有大蒜味. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (of sth) (fig 比喻) seem very unpleasant, bad or dishonest 似乎很让人讨厌、 很糟糕或很不正当: * The whole business stinks (of corruption)! 这件事从头到尾都散发着（贪污腐化的）臭味! * What do I think of the film? It stinks (ie is of very low quality)! 我认为这部影片怎麽样? 简直糟透了! 3 (phr v) stink sth out fill a place with a very unpleasant smell 使某处充满臭味: * He stank the whole house out with his tobacco smoke. 他吸烟把整所房子弄得难闻极了. 派生： stink n 1 [C] (infml 口) very unpleasant smell 非常难闻的气味; 臭味: What a stink! 真臭! 2 [sing] (sl 俚) trouble; fuss 麻烦; 忙乱: The whole business caused quite a stink. 整件事弄得乱七八糟. * kick up/raise/make a `stink (about sth) （在某事上）惹出麻烦. 3 (idm 习语) like `stink (sl 俚) intensely; very hard 紧张地; 十分努力: working like stink 干活十分卖力. stinker n (Brit) 1 (dated sl 旧, 俚) very unpleasant person 讨厌的人. 2 (infml 口) thing that is very severe or difficult to do 非常棘手或困难的事情: The biology paper (ie in an examination) was a real stinker. 生物试卷真难答. stinking adj [attrib 作定语] (sl 俚) very bad or unpleasant; horrible 极坏的; 很讨厌的; 糟透的: I don't want your stinking money. 我才不要你的臭钱呢. * She'd got a stinking cold. 她得了重感冒. adv (sl 俚) extremely; very 极其; 非常: stinking rich/drunk 十分富有[烂醉如泥]. 复合： `stink-bomb n small container which when broken gives off a very unpleasant smell (as a practical joke) 臭弹（破碎时可发出恶臭, 作恶作剧用）.

stint
[stint; stint] v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ on sth; ~ sb/oneself (of sth) (usu in negative sentences 通常用於否定句) restrict, limit sb/oneself to a small amount of (esp food) 节制、 限制某人[自己]（尤指食物）: * Don't stint (on) the cream! 不要舍不得奶油! * She stinted herself of food in order to let the children have enough. 她自己省着吃, 好让孩子们吃饱. Cf 参看 unstinting. 派生： stint n 1 person's fixed or allotted amount or period of work, etc （工作等）固定的或指定的量或期限; 定量; 定额; 任期: Everybody must do a daily stint in the kitchen. 每个人都应该每天在厨房里干点活儿. * Then I had a stint as security officer in Hong Kong. 我那时在香港做过一阵护卫员. 2 (idm 习语) without `stint (fml 文) without holding back; generously and in large amounts 毫无保留地; 慷慨地; 大量地: She praised them without stint. 她极力夸奖他们.

stipend
[5staipend; 5staipend] n official income (esp of a clergyman); salary 薪俸（尤指神职人员的）; 薪金. 派生： stipendiary/stai'pendiEri; - -dieri; stai'pendi7eri] adj receiving a stipend 有薪俸的; 受薪的: * a stipendiary magistrate, ie a paid professional magistrate 受薪的地方法官. n stipendiary magistrate 受薪的地方法官.

stipple
[5stipl; 5stipl] v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] paint, draw or engrave (sth) in small dots (not in lines, etc) 用点画、 点描或点刻法描绘或雕刻（某物）（不用线条等）: * a stippled effect 点画效果.

stipulate
[5stipjuleit; 5stipjE7let] v [Tn, Tf] (fml 文) state (sth) clearly and firmly as a requirement 讲明, 规定（某要求）: * I stipulated red paint, not black. 我已讲明要红漆, 不要黑漆. * It was stipulated that the goods should be delivered within three days. 按规定货物须在叁日内送交. 派生： stipulation[7stipju'leiFn; 7stipjE'leFEn] n (fml 文) (a) [U] action of stipulating 讲明; 规定. (b) [C] thing stipulated; condition 契约; 合同; 协定; 条件; 条款: * on the stipulation that... 按规定... * There are several stipulations. 有几项条件.

stir
1[stE:(r); stE] v (-rr-) 1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) move a spoon, etc round and round in (a liquid or some other substance) in order to mix it thoroughly 搅动, 搅和, 搅拌（液体等）: * stir one's tea with a spoon 用匙搅动茶 * stir the porridge, cake mixture, sauce, etc 搅动麦片粥、 做蛋糕的混合料、 沙司等. (b) [Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth into sth; ~ sth in add one substance to another in this way 用搅拌方法将某物搀入另一物中: * stir milk into a cake mixture 把牛奶搅和到做蛋糕的混合料中 * stir the nuts in (well) 把果仁（均匀地）拌入. 2 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) move slightly （使某物）微动: * Not a leaf was stirring, ie There was no wind to move the leaves. 树叶一动都不动（无风）. * A gentle breeze stirred the leaves. 微风吹动了树叶. * Nobody was stirring in the house, ie Everybody was resting, sleeping, etc. 屋里没有动静（大家都在休息、 睡觉等）. * She's not stirring/She hasn't stirred yet, ie She is still in bed. 她还没起床. * Stir yourself! ie Get moving! Get busy! 动弹动弹（活动起来; 找点事干）! 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (to sth) excite or arouse (a person or his feelings, etc) 激励, 鼓励（某人）; 激发（某人的感情等）: * The story stirred the boy's imagination. 那故事引发了那男孩的幻想. * Discontent stirred the men to mutiny. 不满情绪酿成了兵变. 4 [I] (esp of a feeling) begin to be felt （尤指感情）引起, 激起, 挑起, 唤起: * Pity stirred in her heart. 她油然产生恻隐之心. * Old memories stirred as she looked at the photographs. 她看到这些照片, 唤起了对往事的回忆. 5 [I] (infml derog 口, 贬) cause trouble between people (esp by telling untrue stories, gossiping, etc) 搬弄是非（尤指以不实之词、 流言蜚语等）: * Who's been stirring? 是谁搬弄是非? 6 (idm 习语) stir one's/the `blood rouse sb to excitement or enthusiasm 使某人的血液沸腾; 使某人激动或兴奋:

stir1
* The music really stirred my blood. 这音乐的确使我非常激动. stir one's `stumps (infml joc 口, 谑) walk or move faster; hurry 快走; 赶紧; 赶快. 7 (phr v) stir sb up rouse sb to action 鼓动某人采取行动: * The men are being stirred up by outsiders. 士兵受到了外人的煽动. * He needs stirring up. 他需要鼓励. stir sth up cause (trouble, etc) 惹起（麻烦等）: * stir up trouble, unrest, discontent, etc among the workers 在工人中挑起事端、 煽起动乱、 激起不满情绪等. 派生： stir n 1 [C] action of stirring (stir1 1a) 搅动; 搅和; 搅拌: Give the soup a stir. 把汤搅拌一下. 2 [sing] excitement; fuss; disturbance 激动; 纷乱; 骚乱: The news caused quite a stir in the village. 那消息在村里引起了一片混乱. stirrer[5stE:rE(r); 5stEl] n (infml derog 口, 贬) person who habitually causes trouble between other people 经常搬弄是非的人; 捣乱分子. stirring[5stE:riN; 5stEiN] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] very exciting 令人兴奋的; 激动人心的: * stirring adventure stories 扣人心弦的冒险故事. stirringly adv. 复合： `stir-fry v (pt, pp -fried) [Tn] cook (vegetables, meat, etc) by frying them for a short time in very hot oil while stirring them （用旺火）快炒（蔬菜、 肉等）. n oriental dish made in this way （东方式）炒菜.

stirrup
[5stirEp; 5stirEp] n either of a pair of D-shaped metal or leather foot-supports hanging down from a horse's saddle 马镫: * a pair of stirrups 一副马镫. 复合： `stirrup-cup n drink (of wine, etc) given to a rider on horseback before he begins a journey, esp formerly （给骑马登程者喝的）饯别酒等（尤指旧时）. `stirrup-pump n small portable pump used for putting out small fires （手提式）小型灭火泵.

stitch
[stitF; stitF] n 1 [C] (a) single passing of a needle and thread into and out of cloth, etc in sewing, or into and out of skin tissue, etc in surgery （缝纫或外科缝合的）一针. =>illus at sew 见sew插图. (b) (in knitting or crochet) one complete turn of the wool, etc over the needle （编结或编织的）一针; （钩针编织的）一钩. 2 [C] (a) loop of thread, wool, etc made in this way 针脚: * make long, short, neat, etc stitches 缝长、 短、 匀整...针脚 * The cut in my hand needed five stitches. 我手上的伤口需要缝五针. (b) piece of thread used to sew tissue together in surgery （外科的）缝线: * I'm having my stitches (taken) out today, ie removed from a wound that has healed. 我的伤口今天拆线. 3 [C, U] (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) particular pattern of stitches or way of stitching (in sewing, knitting or crochet) 缝法; 针法; 织法; 编结法: * chain-stitch 链形缝法 * knitting in purl stitch 以反针编织. 4 [C usu sing 通常作单数] sudden sharp pain in the muscles at the side of the body (caused eg by running too hard) （胁部的）突然剧痛（如跑步过力所致）: * Can we slow down and walk for a bit? I'm getting a stitch. 咱们放慢速度步行一会儿好吗? 我觉得腰部突然一阵剧痛. 5 (idm 习语) drop a stitch => drop2. have not (got) a `stitch on/not be wearing a `stitch (infml 口) be naked 一丝不挂; 赤身露体. in `stitches (infml 口) laughing uncontrollably 大笑不止; 捧腹大笑: * The play had us in stitches. 这出戏把我们笑得前仰後合. a ,stitch in ,time saves `nine (saying 谚) if one takes action or does a piece of work immediately, it may save a lot of extra work later 一针及时, 可省九针（及时行动, 免得问题成堆）. 派生： stitch 1 (a) [I, Tn] put stitches in or on (sth); sew 缝, 缝合, 编结, 编织（某物）; 缝纫: stitching (a shirt) by candlelight 点着蜡烛缝（衬衫）.

stitch1
(b) [Tn.pr] join or fasten (sth) with stitches 将（某物）缝上: stitch a button on a dress 在连衣裙上钉个钮扣 * stitch a zip into a skirt 给裙子缝上拉 . 2 (phr v) stitch sth up join together or close sth by stitching 缝合、 缝补某物: stitch up a wound/a hole 缝合伤口[缝补破洞] * We'll soon have you (ie your wound) stitched up! 我们很快就把你的伤口缝好! stitching n [U] (row, group, etc of) stitches 针脚（的一行、 串等）: neat stitching 匀整的针脚 * The stitching has come undone. 针脚开线了.

stoat
[stEut; stot] n ermine, esp when its fur is brown in the summer 扫雪, 短尾鼬, 白鼬（尤指夏季毛为褐色时）. Cf 参看 weasel.

stock
still

stock1
* sauce made with chicken stock 用鸡汤做的沙司. 10 [C] base, support or handle of an instrument, a tool, etc （仪器、 工具等的）基座, 支座, 手柄: * the stock of a rifle/plough/whip 步枪枪托[犁具手柄/鞭子把手]. =>illus at gun 见gun插图. 11 [C] lower and thicker part of a tree trunk 树干下部的粗大部分. 12 [C] growing plant onto which a cutting is grafted 砧木. 13 stocks [pl] framework supporting a ship while it is being built or repaired 船台（造船或修船的）. 14 stocks [pl] wooden framework with holes for the feet (and sometimes also the hands) in which wrongdoers were formerly locked, as a punishment 足枷（有时附手枷, 旧时刑具）: * be put in the stocks 被戴上足枷. Cf 参看 pillory. 15 [C] (a) wide band of stiff material formerly worn around the neck by men （旧时男子颈上围的）硬领. (b) type of cravat worn as part of a formal riding kit （作为正式骑马服装之配件的）领巾. (c) piece of black or purple fabric worn hanging from a clergyman's collar over the front of his shirt （牧师系的）黑领带或紫领带. 16 [C, U] type of garden plant with single or double brightly coloured and sweet-smelling flowers 紫罗兰. 17 (idm 习语) (be) in/out of `stock available/not available (in a shop, etc) （商店等中）有[无]现货的: * The book is in/out of stock. 该书有库存[已脱销]. * Have you any grey pullovers in stock? 你们有灰色套头毛衣的现货吗? lock, stockand barrel => lock2. on the `stocks being constructedor prepared 在建造中; 在准备中: * Our new model is already on the stocks and will be available in the autumn. 我们正着手生产一种新的款式, 可望在秋季面世. take stock (of sth) examine and make a list of all the goods (in a shop, warehouse, etc) （商店、 仓库等）盘点存货. take stock (of sb/sth) review, assess and form an opinion (about a situation, sb's abilities, etc) （对情况、 某人的能力等）进行检查、 评估和鉴定:

stock2
* After a year in the job, she decided it was time to take stock (of her situation). 她从事此工作一年之後, 决定（对自己的情况）检讨一番. 派生： stock adj [attrib 作定语] 1 usually kept in stock and regularly available 通常备有现货的; 常备的: stock sizes 常备尺码 * one of our stock items 本店常备商品之一. 2 commonly used; used too much (and therefore not interesting, effective, etc) 常用的; 陈腐的: a stock argument 陈腐的论点 * stock questions/answers 经常碰到的问题[老一套的回答] * She's tired of her husband's stock jokes. 她已听厌了丈夫说的那些老一套的俏皮话. 复合： `stock-breeder n farmer who raises or breeds livestock 牲畜饲养者; 畜牧业者. `stockbroker (also broker) n person who buys and sells stocks and shares for clients 证券经纪人; 股票经纪人. `stockbroking n [U]: He's in stockbroking. 他从事股票经纪业务. * [attrib 作定语] a stockbroking friend of mine 我那干股票经纪的朋友. `stock-car n 1 ordinary car that has been speciallystrengthened for use in racing where deliberate bumpingis allowed 经特别加固可在允许故意碰撞的比赛中使用的普通汽车. 2 (US) railway truck for carrying cattle 运牲口的火车车厢. `stock-car racing racing of stock-cars(1) 普通型汽车赛. `stock certificate (US) certificate for the purchase of shares (share1 3) 股票; 股份证书. `stock company 1 company of actors who have a repertoire of plays which they perform at a particular theatre 固定剧团（在固定剧场演出保留节目的专业剧团）. 2 (also joint-`stock company) group of people who carry on a business with money contributed by all 股份公司. `stock-cube n cube of dried stock1(9) used for making soup, etc 固体汤料: beef stock-cubes 固体牛肉汤料. `stock exchange place where stocks and shares are publicly bought and sold; (group of professional dealers engaged in) such business 股票交易所; 证券交易所: The London Stock Exchange is in turmoil today. 今天伦敦证券市场一片混乱.

stock3
* lose money on the stock exchange 在股票交易中赔钱. `stockholder n (esp US) person who owns stocks and shares 股票持有人; 股东. ,stock-in-`trade n [U] 1 everything needed for a particular trade or occupation 干某行业所需的一切. 2 (fig 比喻) words, actions, behaviour, etc commonly used, displayed, etc by a particular person 某人惯用的言辞、 手段、 作法等: Facetious remarks are part of his stock-in-trade. 讲俏皮话是他的拿手好戏. `stockjobber n member of a stock exchange who buys and sells stocks and shares so as to take advantage of variations in their prices, dealing with stockbrokers but not with the general public 证券批销经纪（仅与证券经纪交易以赚取差价, 不直接与公众交易者）. `stockman[-mEn; -mEn] n (pl -men[-mEn; -mEn] ) (Austral 澳) man in charge of livestock （男）畜牧工, 饲养员. `stock-market n stock exchange or the business conducted there 股票市场; 证券市场; 股票交易; 证券交易: dealings on the stock-market 股票市场的交易 * [attrib 作定语] stock-market prices 股市价格. `stockpile n large supply of goods, materials, etc collected and kept for future use (esp because they may become difficult to obtain, eg in a war) 物资贮备（尤指紧缺货物、 材料等之储存, 如战时所为）. v [Tn] collect and keep (a supply of goods, etc) in this way 储备, 贮存（供应品等）: stockpiling nuclear weapons 储备核武器. `stock-pot n pot in which stock1(9) is made or kept （炖或存原汁汤用的）锅, 罐. `stock-taking n [U] 1 making a list of all the stock1(1) in a shop, etc 清点存货; 盘存: Next week we shall be closed for stock-taking. 下星期我们暂停营业盘点存货. 2 review of one's situation, position, resources, etc （对自己的情况、 地位、 资源等的）估量, 评估. `stockyard n enclosure where cattle are kept temporarilyor sorted, eg at a market, before being killed or sold or moved elsewhere （临时的或分种类的）牲畜栏（如市场上的、 屠宰或出售前的或转运前的）.

stockade
[stC'keid; stak'ed] n line or wall of strong upright (esp wooden) posts, built as a defence （防御用的）栅栏（尤指木头的）. 派生： stockade v [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] defend (an area) with a stockade 用栅栏防御（某区域）.

stockinet
(also stockinette)[7stCki'net; 7stakin'et] n [U] fine elastic machine-knitted material, used for underwear, etc 弹力织物（用作内衣料等）.

stocking
[5stCkiN; 5stakiN] n 1 either of a pair of tight-fitting coverings for the feet and legs, reaching to or above the knee 长筒袜: * a pair of nylon/silk/woollen/cotton stockings 一双长筒的尼龙[丝/毛/棉]袜. Cf 参看 tights. 2 (idm 习语) in one's stocking (ed) `feet wearing socks or stockings but not shoes 只穿袜不穿鞋的.

stocky
[5stCki; 5staki] adj (-ier, -iest) (usu of people) short, strong and solid in appearance （通常指人）矮而强壮的: * stocky legs 短而粗的腿 * a stocky little man 敦实的男子. > stockily adv: * a stockily built man 五短身材的壮汉. stockiness n [U].

stodge
[stCdV; stadV] n [U] (infml usu derog 口, 通常作贬义) food that is heavy, solid and not easy to digest 水分少而不易消化的食物. 派生： stodgy[5stCdVi; 5stadVi] adj (-ier, -iest) (infml derog 口, 贬) 1 (of food) heavy, solid and difficult to digest （指食物）水分少而难消化的: * stodgy school meals 学校里吃的淀粉多而不好消化的饭菜. 2 (of a book, etc) written in a heavy uninteresting way （指书等）冗长乏味的. 3 (of a person) uninteresting; not lively; dull （指人）无趣的, 无生气的, 迟钝的. stodgily adv. stodginess n [U].

stoic
[5stEuik; 5stoik] n (fml 文) person who has great self-control and who endures pain, discomfort or misfortune without complaining or showing signs of feeling it 斯多葛派人士（有高度自制力的人, 能忍受困苦或不幸而无怨言或仍泰然自若）. 派生： stoical[-kl; -kl] (also stoic) adj (fml 文) of or like a stoic; enduring pain, etc without complaint （似）斯多葛派的; 经受痛苦等而无怨言的: * a very stoical response to hardship 经受苦难仍泰然自若. stoically[-kli; -kli] adv. stoicism[5stEuisizEm; 5stoi7sizEm] n [U] (fml 文) behaving stoically 斯多葛哲学; 自制; 坚忍: * She showed great stoicism during her husband's final illness. 她在丈夫患病临终期间表现出了坚强的毅力. * They reacted to the appalling weather with typical British stoicism. 他们忍受着恶劣天气的煎熬, 表现了英国人典型的坚忍不拔的精神.

stoke
[stEuk; stok] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) (with sth) put (coal or some other fuel) on the fire of a furnace, an engine, etc （给熔炉、 机车等）添加（煤或其他燃料）: * stoke the boiler with coal 给锅炉加煤. 2 (phr v)stoke up (with sth) (a) stoke a fire, etc （往火里等）加煤, 加燃料: * The caretaker stokes up twice a day. 管理员每天往火里加两次煤. (b) (infml 口) fill oneself with food; eat a lot 吃饱; 大吃: * You should stoke up now you may not get another meal today. 你现在得吃得饱饱的--你今天可能再没饭吃了. 派生： stoker n 1 person who stokes a furnace, etc, esp on a ship 司炉（尤指船上的）. 2 mechanical device for doing this 加煤机; 加燃料机. 复合： `stokehole (also `stokehold) n place where a ship's furnaces are stoked （轮船上的）锅炉舱.

STOL
[ 9es ti: EU 5el or, in informal use, 俗读作 stCl; 9Zs ti o`Zl, stol] abbr 缩写 = (of aircraft) short take-off and landing （指飞机）短距起落: * a STOL plane 短距起落飞机 * flying STOLs 短距起落飞行. Cf 参看 VTOL.

stole
1[stEul; stol] n 1 women's garment like a wide scarf, worn around the shoulders （女用）披肩. 2 strip of silk or other material worn (round the neck with the ends hanging down in front) by some Christian priests during services （某些基督教教士在举行仪式时佩的）圣带（用绸或其他料子制成, 佩在领部, 两端垂於前方）.

stolen
pp of steal.

stolid
[5stClid; 5stalid] adj (usu derog 通常作贬义) (of a person) not easily excited; showing little or no emotion or interest （指人）不易激动的, 不热情的, 冷漠的: * He conceals his feelings behind a rather stolid manner. 他装作无动於衷的样子以掩盖自己的感情. > stolidly adv. stolidity/stE'lidEti; stE'lidEti] (also stolidness) n [U].

stomach
[5stQmEk; 5stQmEk] n 1 [C] bag-like organ of the body into which food passes when swallowed and in which the first part of digestion occurs 胃: * It's unwise to swim on a full stomach, ie when one has just eaten a meal. 刚吃完饭不宜游泳. * I don't like going to work on an empty stomach, ie without having eaten anything. 我不愿意空着肚子去上班. * He felt an aching feeling in (the pit of) his stomach. 他胃疼. * [attrib 作定语] a stomach upset, disorder, etc 反胃、 胃不适. =>illus at digestive 见digestive插图. 2 [C] (infml 口) front part of the body between the chest and thighs; abdomen 肚子; 腹部: * He hit me in the stomach. 他击中我的肚子. 3 [U] (a) appetite for food 食欲; 胃口: * have a very small stomach 胃口很小. (b) ~ for sth (fig 比喻) desire or eagerness for sth 对某事物的欲望或渴求: * I had no stomach for a fight. 我不想打架. 4 (idm 习语) sb's eyes are bigger than his stomach => eye1. sick to one's stomach => sick. a strong stomach => strong. turn one's `stomach cause sb to be disgusted or revolted 使某人反胃或恶心: * The film about eye operations turned my stomach. 这部眼科手术的影片看得我恶心极了. 派生： stomach v [Tn] (esp in negative sentences or questions 尤用於否定句或疑问句) 1 eat (sth) without feeling ill 吃（某物）而不感到难受: I can't stomach seafood. 我吃不惯海味. 2 endure (sth); tolerate 忍受（某事物）; 容忍: How could you stomach all the violence in the film? 那部影片里的那些暴力场面, 你怎麽竟看得下去呢? 复合： `stomach-ache n [C] pain in the stomach or the bowels 胃痛; 腹痛; 肚子痛. `stomach-pump n pump with a flexible tube, inserted into the stomach through the mouth and used to remove (esp poisonous) substances from the stomach or to force liquid into it 胃唧筒（洗胃器具）.

stomp
[stCmp; stamp] v [Ipr, Ip] ~ about, around, off, etc (infml 口) move, walk, dance, etc with a heavy step (in the specified direction) 以重踏步方式（向某方向）移动、 行进、 跳舞等: * stomp about noisily 脚步重重地踱来踱去 * She slammed the door and stomped (off) out of the house. 她砰的一声关上了门, 暮暮地走出了屋了. =>Usage at stump 用法见stump.

stonewall
[7stEun'wC:l; 7ston'wCl] v 1 [I, Tn] (infml 口 esp Brit) obstruct (a discussion, etc) by non-committal, evasive or very long replies （用含糊其辞或冗长的回答）阻碍（议事等）: * a deliberate attempt to stonewall (the debate) 蓄意设法阻碍（辩论）. 2 [I] (in cricket) bat without trying to score runs （板球）守势击球（不拟跑动得分）. > stonewaller n. stonewalling n [U].

stony
[5stEuni; 5stoni] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 full of, covered in or having stones 多石的; 铺石的; 有石的: * a stony road 碎石路 * a river with a stony bottom 河底有石子的河. 2 hard, cold, and unsympathetic 铁石心肠的; 冷酷的; 无同情心的: * a stony stare, glare, look, gaze, etc 冷眼注视、 怒视、 观望、 凝视等 * maintaining a stony silence 表现毫无同情心的冷漠 * ,stony-`hearted 铁石心肠的. 3 [pred 作表语] (sl 俚) completely without money; penniless 一文不名; 身无分文. 4 (idm 习语) flat/stony broke => broke2. 派生： stonily[-ili; -Eli] adv in a stony(2) manner 冷酷地; 无情地: * stonily polite 冷冰冰地表示有礼的 * She stared stonily in front of her. 她面无表情地注视着前方.

stood
pt, pp of stand.

stooge
[stu:dV; studV] n 1 (theatre sl 戏剧界俚语) comedian's assistant, used as the object of his jokes 滑稽演员的配角（作丑角打趣的对象）. 2 (infml derog 口, 贬) (a) person used by another to do routine (usu unpleasant) work 受他人指使处理例行（通常指厌恶的）事务的人. (b) person whose actions are entirely controlled by another 完全受他人指使的人: * She's fed up with being her husband's stooge. 她再也不愿意当丈夫的附属品了. 派生： stooge v [Ipr] ~ for sb act as a stooge for (a comedian on stage) 给（台上滑稽演员）当配角.

stool
[stu:l; stul] n 1 (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) seat without a back or arms, usu for one person 凳子（通常指单人的）: * a `bar stool 酒吧间的高凳 * a `piano stool 弹钢琴坐的凳子 * sitting on stools around the table 坐在桌子四周的凳子上. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xvi. 2 = footstool (foot1). 3 (usu pl 通常作复数) (medical or fml 医或文) (piece of) solid waste from the body; faeces 大便; 粪便. 4 (idm 习语) fall between two `stools fail to be or take either of two satisfactory alternatives 两头落空: * The author seems uncertain whether he is writing a comedy or a tragedy, so the play falls between two stools. 作者似乎拿不定主意是写喜剧还是写悲剧, 致使这个剧非驴非马. 复合： `stool-pigeon n (infml 口) person who acts as a decoy, esp to trap a criminal 诱人上圈套者; （尤指）用以诱捕罪犯的人.

stoop
[stu:p; stup] v 1 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (down) bend forward and down 俯身; 弯腰: * She stooped low to look under the bed. 她俯身查看床底. * He stooped under the low beam. 他在低矮的横梁下弯着腰. * stoop (down) to pick sth up 弯腰拾起某物. (b) [Tn] bend (a part of the body) forward and down 俯（身）; 弯（腰）: * stoop one's head to get into the car 俯身进入轿车. 2 [I] have the head and shoulders habitually bent over （习惯性）弓背: * He's beginning to stoop with age, ie as he gets older. 他年事渐高, 背也开始变驼了. 3 (idm 习语) stoop so low (as to do sth) lower one's moral standards so far (as to do sth) 降低自己的道德标准（以致做出某事）: * He tried to make me accept a bribe I hope I would never stoop so low. 他想让我接受贿赂--我但愿我决不至於做出这种低级的事. 4 (phr v) stoop to sth/doing sth lower one's moral standards to do sth 降低自己的道德标准做某事: * He'd stoop to anything, ie He has no moral standards. 他无论多麽不道德的事都干得出来. * I would never stoop to cheating. 我可决不至於下贱到骗人的地步. 派生： stoop n (usu sing 通常作单数) stooping position of the body 俯身; 弯腰: walk with a slight stoop 弓着背行走.

stop
1[stCp; stap] v (-pp-) 1 [Tn] put an end to (the movement, progress, operation, etc of a person or thing); cause to halt or pause 使（人或事物的活动、 进展、 操作等）停止; 使中止或暂停: * stop a car, train, bicycle, etc 使汽车、 火车、 自行车等停下来 * Rain stopped play, eg in cricket. 赛事因雨暂停（如板球赛）. * He stopped the machine and left the room. 他停了机器, 离开了房间. * The earthquake stopped all the clocks.地震把所有的钟都震停了. 2 [Tn, Tg] cease or discontinue (sth); leave off 停止或不继续做（某事物）; 中断: * stop work 停止工作 * Stop it! ie Don't do that! 停下（住手）! * He never stops talking. 他总是说个没完. * She's stopped smoking. 她戒烟了. * Will you stop making that horrible noise! 你别再弄出那种讨厌的响声来行不行! * Has it stopped raining yet? 雨停了吗? * Supplies have stopped reaching us. 给我们的供应品中断了. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tsg, Tng] ~sb/sth from doing sth prevent sb from doing sth or sth from happening 阻止某人做某事; 阻碍某事物发生: * I'm sure he'll go, there's nothing to stop him. 我肯定他要去的, 没法阻止他. * You can't stop our going/us (from) going if we want to. 假若我们要去, 你是阻止不了的. * Can't you stop your son from getting into trouble? 你能不能制止你儿子别惹上麻烦? * I only just managed to stop myself from shouting at him. 我极力控制住自己没对他喊叫起来. * We bandaged his wound but couldn't stop it bleeding/stop the bleeding. 我们给他包扎了伤口, 但止不住血. 4 (a) [I] refrain from continuing; cease working, moving, etc 不继续进行; 终止工作、 活动等: * The rain has stopped. 雨停了. * The clock stopped. 钟停了. * His heart has stopped. 他的心脏停止了跳动. (b) [I, Ipr] come to rest; halt or pause 停下; 中止; 暂停: * They stopped for a while to admire the scenery. 他们停了一会儿来欣赏风景.

stop1
* Do the buses stop here? 公共汽车在这里停吗? * The train stopped at the station. 火车在车站上停了下来. =>Usage at and 用法见and. 5 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) (with sth) fill or close (a gap, hole, etc) by plugging or obstructing; block sth 堵塞, 阻塞（缝隙、 洞孔等）: * stop a leak in a pipe, a gap in a hedge 堵住管子的漏洞、 树篱的缺口 * stop up a mouse hole 堵塞老鼠洞 * stop one's ears, ie cover them with one's hands to avoid hearing sth 堵住自己的耳朵. 6 [Tn] fill a cavity in (a tooth) 填补（牙）洞. 7 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (out of/from sth) refuse to give or allow (sth normally given); keep sth back 拒绝给予或允许（通常给予之事物）; 扣留某物: * stop a cheque, ie order a bank not to cash it 停止兑现支票（通知银行不予兑付） * The cost was stopped out of (ie deducted from) my wages. 那笔费用已从我的工资中扣除. 8 [I, Ipr] (Brit infml 口) stay (esp for a short time) 停留（尤指短时间）; 逗留: * Are you stopping (for supper)? 你留在这儿（吃晚饭）吗? * I'm stopping (at) home tonight. 我今晚待在家里. * We stopped at a campsite for a week. 我们在露营地呆了一个星期. 9 [Tn] (music 音) press down (a string or key) or block (a hole on a musical instrument) to produce the note wanted 按（乐器的弦、 键或孔）（以演奏）. 10 (idm 习语) the buck stops here => buck4. stick/stop at nothing => stick2. stop `dead (in one's `tracks) stop very suddenly 突然停止. stop short of sth/doing sth be unwilling to go beyond a certain limit in one's actions 不愿超越行动上的某种界限; 不愿逾矩: * He can be ruthless in getting what he wants, but I believe he would stop short of blackmail. 他这个人为达到目的是心黑手辣的, 但我认为他还不至於使用敲诈手段. stop the `show receive so much attention, applause, etc from an audience that the performance, etc cannot continue （因观众或听众气氛热烈、 掌声不断等）无法继续演出.

stop2
11 (phr v) stop by (also stop round) (esp US) make a short visit to sb's house, etc; call in 串门子; 串门儿: * Ask him to stop by for a chat. 请他来坐坐, 聊聊天. stop off (at/in...) make a short break in a journey (to do sth) 中途稍作停留（做某事）: * stop off at the pub on the way home 归途中在酒馆逗留片刻. stop over (at/in...) break one's journey (esp when travelling by air) for a stay 中途停留（尤指乘飞机旅行时）: * stop over in Rome for two days en route for the Middle East 在飞往中东途中在罗马停留两天. stop up not go to bed until later than usual 晚睡觉; 熬夜: * stop up (late) to watch a film on TV 熬夜看电视影片. 派生： stoppage[5stCpidV; 5stapidV] n [C] 1 interruption of work in a factory, etc, esp because of a strike 停工（尤指因罢工）: * another stoppage at the car plant 汽车厂的又一次罢工. 2 stoppages [pl] amount of money deducted by an employer from wages and salaries, for tax, national insurance, etc （工资薪金中用作纳税、 购买国民保险等的）扣除款: * There's not much money left after stoppages. 工资中扣除税款等费用後所剩无几. 3 act of cancelling or withholding (payment, holidays, etc) 停止或取消（付款、 假期等）: * stoppage of leave, eg in the army as a punishment 取消休假（如军队中的惩罚）. 4 state of being blocked; blockage or obstruction 堵塞; 阻塞: * a stoppage in a gas pipe 煤气管道的堵塞. stopping n filling for a hole in a tooth 牙洞的填充（料）. 复合： `stopcock n valve or tap that can regulate the flow of liquid or gas through a pipe （调节管道流量的）阀门, 旋塞: If a water-pipe bursts turn off the stopcock immediately. 水管破裂时要立即关紧旋塞. `stopgap n person or thing that acts as a temporary substitute for another 临时替代的人或物: [attrib 作定语] stopgap measures in an emergency 紧急情况下的临时措施.

stop3
,stop-`go n [esp attrib 尤作定语] (Brit) deliberate alternating of periods of inflation and deflation 通货膨胀时期与通货紧缩时期的有计画的交替: a government's,stop-go eco`nomic policy 政府采取的使通货膨胀与通货紧缩交替进行的经济政策. `stop-light n (US) 1 = traffic light (traffic). 2 = brake light (brake). `stopover n (a) break in a journey (esp for one night) 中途停留; （尤指）途中过夜. (b) place where one does this 中途停留处; 途中过夜处. `stopping train train that stops at many stations between main stations （铁路的）慢车. ,stop-`press n [U] (Brit) late news inserted into a newspaper after printing has begun; space into which this is inserted 报纸开印後临时加插的最新消息; 加插最新消息的空栏: read sth in the stop-press 阅读报纸加插的最新消息 * [attrib 作定语] a `stop-press item 报纸 开印後加插的一则最新消息. `stop-watch n watch with a hand that can be stopped and started by pressing buttons, used to time races, etc very accurately 秒表, 跑表（速度比赛等用的）.

stopper
[5stCpE(r); 5stapl] (US plug) n object that fits into and closes an opening, esp the top of a bottle or pipe 阻塞物; 堵塞物; （尤指）瓶塞, 管塞; 栓: * put the stopper back into a bottle 把瓶塞再塞在瓶子上. =>illus at bottle 见bottle插图. 派生： stopper v [Tn] close (sth) with a stopper （用塞子等）塞住（某物）.

storage
[5stC:ridV; 5stCridV] n [U] 1 (a) storing of goods, etc （货物等的）贮存, 贮藏: * [attrib 作定语] storage space 贮存场地 * a loft with large storage capacity 能储放大量物品的阁楼. (b) space used or available for this 贮存场地; 贮藏所; 仓库: * fish kept in cold (ie refrigerated) storage 冷藏鱼 * put furniture in storage 把家具存放起来 * [attrib 作定语] storage tanks, eg for oil 储存容器（如储油罐）. 2 cost of storing things 储存物品的费用; 保管费: * have to pay storage 须缴纳保管费. 复合： `storage heater electric radiator that stores heat(accumulated during periods when electricity is cheaper)蓄热电暖器（可在电费低廉时储存热能）.

store
[stC:(r); stCr] n 1 [C] quantity or supply of sth kept for use as needed 贮存; 储藏; 储备: * lay in (ie buy and keep) stores of coal for the winter 储存冬季用煤 * have a good store of food in the house 家里储备了大量食物. 2 [C usu sing 通常作单数] ~ (of sth) large accumulated quantity or amount 累积而成的巨大数量: * a library with a store of rare books 藏有大量珍本的图书馆 * She keeps a store of amusing stories in her head. 她头脑里有许多有趣的故事. 3 stores [pl] (a) goods, etc of a particular type, or for a special purpose （某类或某用途的）货物、 物品等: * military stores 军需品 * government stationery stores 政府的文书用具. (b) supply of such goods or place where they are kept 储备品等的供应; 仓库; 储藏所: * available from stores 有存货的. 4 [C] (computing 计) device in a computer for storing and retrieving information 存储器. 5 [C] (esp US) (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) shop 商店: * the liquor store 酒店 * the drugstore 药店. 6 [C] (esp large) shop selling many different types of goods （尤指大型的）百货商店: * a big department store 大百货公司 * a general store in the village 乡村的百货商店. 7 (idm 习语) in store (for sb/sth) (a) kept ready for (future) use 储存着; 备有: * He always keeps several cases of wine in store. 他总是备有几箱酒. (b) coming in the future; about to happen 必将到来; 快要发生: * I can see trouble in store. 我预见到以後要有麻烦. * There's a surprise in store for you. 你一定要大吃一惊的. set (great/little/no/not much) store by sth consider sth to be of (great/little, etc) importance or value 认为某事物（非常[不太]等）重要或有价值: * I don't set (much) store by weather forecasts. 我认为天气预报（有些）靠不住. 派生： store v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (up/away) collect and keep sth for future use 储备或储存某物: a squirrel storing (up) food for the winter 储存食物准备过冬的松鼠

store1
* I've stored my winter clothes (away) in the attic. 我把冬天的衣服存放在阁楼里了. 2 [Tn] put (furniture, etc) in a warehouse, etc to be kept safe 将（家具等）保存在仓库等中: They've stored their furniture while they go abroad. 他们出国时把家具送到仓库保管起来. 3 [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth(with sth) stock sth (with sth useful); supply or fill sth 装备某事物; 供应或装满某事物: a gallery stored with fine paintings 藏有珍品画的艺术馆 * a mind well stored with facts 博闻强记的头脑. 4 [Tn] hold (sth); contain 容纳（某物）; 含有: This cupboard can store enough food for a month. 这个食橱能装下足够一个月之用的食物. 复合： `storekeeper n (esp US) = shopkeeper (shop). `storehouse (a) building where things are stored 仓库; 货栈. (b) (fig 比喻) person, place or thing having or containing much information 知识渊博的人; 知识宝库: This book is a storehouse of useful information. 这本书里汇集了大量有用的资料. `store-room n room used for storing things, esp in a house 贮藏室（尤指住宅中的）.

storey
(US story)[5stC:ri; 5stCri] n (pl storeys; US stories) 1 section of a building with rooms all at the same level; floor 楼层: * a house of two storeys 两层的楼房 * live on the third storey of a block of flats 住在公寓楼的第四层楼上 * a five-storey building 五层楼的大厦 *a multi-storey car-park 多层停车场. 2 (idm 习语) the top storey => top1. 派生： -storeyed (US -storied)[-'stC:rid; -'stCrid] (formingcompound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having thenumber of storeys specified 有若干楼层的: * a six-storeyedbuilding 六层的大楼.

stork
[stC:k; stCrk] n large (usu white) water bird with a long beak, neck and legs, sometimes building its nest on the tops of high buildings 鹳; （通常指）白鹳.

storm
[stC:m; stCrm] n 1 [C] (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) occasion of violent weather conditions, with strong winds and usu rain or snow or thunder, etc 风暴; 暴风雨; 暴风雪; 雷暴天气: * a `thunder-/`wind-/`rain-/`snow-/`dust-/`sand-storm 雷暴[风暴/雨暴/雪暴/尘暴/沙暴] * A storm is brewing, ie coming. 暴风雨要来了. * [attrib 作定语] a storm warning 风暴警报 * cross the Channel in a storm 在暴风雨中渡过英吉利海峡 * The forecast says there will be storms. 天气预报称将有暴风雨. 2 [C] ~ (of sth) sudden violent outburst or display of strong feeling 感情的猛然爆发或激烈表现: * a storm of anger, weeping, cheering, abuse, criticism 一阵愤怒、 大哭、 欢呼、 辱骂、 抨击 * His proposal was met by a storm of protest. 他的建议遭到激烈的反对. 3 storms [pl] (US infml 口) storm-door or storm-window （防风暴的）外重门或外重窗. 4 (idm 习语) any port in a storm => port1. the calm before the storm => calm n. the eye of the storm => eye1. ride out/weather the/a `storm (a) (nautical 海) endure and survive a storm (esp at sea) 战胜风暴（尤指在海上）. (b) survive opposition, criticism, difficult circumstances, etc without being seriously affected 经受住反对、 批评、 困难的处境等; 渡过难关. a storm in a `teacup a lot of fuss, excitement, disturbance, etc about sth unimportant 茶杯里的风暴（小事惹起的轩然大波）. take sth/sb by `storm (a) capture sth by a violent and sudden attack （以猛烈袭击）攻占某处或袭取某事物: * take a city by storm 以袭击攻克一城市. (b) (of a performer or performance) have great and rapid success with (people or a place); captivate sth/sb （指表演者或演出）在（观众中或某地）大获成功; 迷住某事物[某人]: * The play took the audience/Paris by storm. 该剧一下子迷住了观众[轰动了巴黎]. 派生： storm v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (at sb) express violent anger; shout angrily and loudly 大发雷霆; 愤怒地大声喊叫: `Get out of here!’ he stormed. ‘滚出去!’他嚷道.

storm1
2 [Ipr, Ip] ~ about, around, off, etc move or walk in a very angry or violent manner in the direction specified 怒气冲冲地或其势凶猛地向某方向移动或行走: storming round the house 围着房子乱闯 * storm out of the room 愤怒地冲出房间 * After the argument she stormed off. 经过争论之後她愤然离开. 3 [Ipr, Ip, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ (one's way) across, in, through, etc attack violently and force a way across, etc (a place) 猛攻而强行穿越、 经过...（某处）: Three soldiers stormed into the house. 有叁名士兵冲进了那所房子. * They stormed (their way) in. 他们闯了进去. 4 [Tn] capture (sth) by a sudden and violent attack 攻占, 袭取（某事物）: storm a castle, fort, building, etc 攻占一城堡、 要塞、 建 物等. stormy adj (-ier, -iest) 1 marked by or having strong winds, heavy rain, snow, hail, etc 有暴风、 大雨、 雪、 冰雹等的; 暴风雨的: stormy weather 狂暴的天气 * a stormy night 暴风雨之夜 * The day was cold and stormy. 那天很冷又有暴风雪. 2 full of strong feeling, violent outbursts, anger, etc 激情迸发的; 感情冲动的; 狂怒的: a stormy discussion, meeting, etc 激烈的讨论、 会议等 * stormy scenes during the debate 辩论中的激烈场面. stormily adv. `storminess n [U]. ,stormy `petrel 1 = storm petrel. 2 person whose presence seems to attract trouble 招惹是非的人; 带来麻烦的人. 复合： `storm-bound adj prevented by storms from continuing or starting a journey, going out or receiving supplies （途中、 起程或补给供应）为暴风雨等所阻的: storm-bound ships in harbour 被暴风雨困於港湾的船只 * The island was storm-bound for a week. 那个岛被暴风雨困了一周. `storm-centre (a) area at the centre of a storm 风暴中心. (b) (fig 比喻) centre of a disturbance or trouble 骚乱的中心; 麻烦所在. `storm-cloud n (a) large black cloud coming with a storm or indicating that a storm is likely to happen 暴风云（暴风雨时出现的或预示暴风雨将至的浓密的乌云）.

storm2
(b) (usu pl 通常作复数) (fig 比喻) sign of sth dangerousor threatening 危险的迹象; 凶兆: storm-clouds of war gathering over Europe 笼罩着欧洲上空的战争乌云. `storm-door n (esp US) door fitted outside another to protect against cold, rain, wind, etc （防寒、 防雨、 防风等的）外重门. `storm-lantern n = hurricane lamp (hurricane). ,storm `petrel (also stormy petrel) type of small blackand white seabird of the N Atlantic and Mediterranean, said to be active before a storm 海燕（产於北大西洋及地中海, 据称暴风雨前很活跃）. `stormproof adj that can resist storms 防风暴的; 能抵御暴风雨的: This house isn't exactly stormproof the roof leaks! 这所房子并不能防暴风雨--屋顶漏了! `storm-tossed adj damaged or blown about by storms 遭暴风雨损坏的; 被风暴吹得飘摇不定的. `storm-trooper n soldier specially trained for violent and ruthless attacks 突击队员. `storm-window n (esp US) window fitted outside another to protect against cold, rain, wind, etc （防寒、 防雨、 防风等的）外重窗.

story
1[5stC:ri; 5stCri] n 1 ~ (about/of sb/sth) (a) account of past events, incidents, etc （实有的）故事; 记事; 史话: * the Christmas story 圣诞的故事 * the story of Martin Luther King 马丁．路德．金的事迹 * stories of ancient Greece 古希腊史话. (b) account of invented or imagined events, etc （虚构的或编造的）故事; 小说; 传奇; 传说: * a `fairy story 童话 * a `ghost story 鬼故事 * an adventure story for children 给儿童讲的冒险故事 * My father always used to tell us bedtime stories. 我父亲总在我们临睡前给我们讲故事. * The play is really a love story. 这出戏实际上是一个爱情故事. 2 (also `story-line) narrative or plot of a book, play, etc （书、 戏剧等的）故事情节: * a spy novel with a strong story(-line) 故事情节扣人心弦的间谍小说. 3 (journalism 新闻) (a) report of an item of news in a newspaper; article 新闻报道; 文章: * a front-page story 头版新闻报道. (b) event, situation or material suitable for this 新闻报道的题材: * That'll make a good story. 这件事可以成为新闻报道的好题材. 4 (infml 口) untrue statement, description, etc; lie 谎言; 假话: * Don't tell stories, Tom. 汤姆, 不要撒谎. 5 (idm 习语) a cock-and-bull story => cock1. cut a long story short => long1. a hard-luck story => hard1. a likely story => likely. the same old story => same1. the story goes that.../so the `story goes people are saying (that...); so it is said 传说...; 据说如此. a success story => success. a tall story => tall. that's the ,story of my `life (infml 口) (said by sb who has had an unfortunate experience and regards it as like many similar experiences he has had in the past 遭遇到很多不幸後, 又遇到类似不幸时, 说出此成语). 复合： `story-book n book of fictional stories, usu for children 故事书（通常指为儿童编写的）: [attrib 作定语]Their love affair had a story-book ending, ie ended happily,as most children's stories do. 他们的恋爱结局是皆大欢喜（有如大多数儿童故事的结尾）.

story1
`story-teller n 1 person who tells stories 讲故事的人. 2 (infml 口) person who makes untrue statements; liar 说假话的人; 说谎者.

stoup
[stu:p; stup] n stone basin for holy water on or in the wall of a church 圣水 （教堂墙上或墙内的）.

stout
[staut; staut] adj 1 [usu attrib 通常作定语] strong and thick 粗壮的; 结实的: * stout boots for climbing 登山用的结实的靴子 * a stout walking-stick 粗大的手杖. 2 (esp euph 尤作委婉语) (of a person) rather fat; solidly built （指人）相当胖的, 强壮的: * She's growing rather stout. 她渐渐富态了. =>Usage at fat1 用法见fat1. 3 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (fml 文) determined, brave and resolute 坚决的; 勇敢的; 不屈不挠的: * a stout heart 勇气 * offer stout resistance 作顽强的抵抗. 派生： stout n (a) [U] type of strong dark beer （烈性的）黑啤酒. (b) [C] glass of this 一杯黑啤酒: Three stouts, please. 劳驾, 来叁杯黑啤酒. stoutly adv. stoutness n [U]. 复合： ,stout-`hearted adj (fml 文) brave and resolute 勇敢的; 有决心的.

stove
1[stEuv; stov] n [C] 1 apparatus containing one or more ovens, used for cooking （炊事用的）炉子: * put a pot on the stove 把壶放在炉子上. Cf 参看 cooker 1. 2 closed apparatus burning wood, coal, gas, oil or other fuel, used for heating rooms （以木柴、 煤炭、 煤气、 石油等为燃料用来取暖的）炉子, 火炉: * a wood-burning stove 烧木柴的火炉. Cf 参看 fire1 3, heater (heat2).

stow
[stEu; sto] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ A with B; ~ B (away) in/into A pack sth, esp carefully, neatly and out of sight 将某物装好收起（尤指细心地）: * stow a trunk with clothes 把衣服装在衣箱里 * stow clothes (away) into a trunk 把衣服装进衣箱里 * stow cargo in a ship's hold 把货物装进船舱 * Passengers are requested to stow their hand-baggage in the lockers above the seats. 旅客须将随身携带的行李放入座位上方的贮藏柜里. 2 (phr v)stow away hide oneself as a stowaway 无票偷乘（船或飞机）: * stow away on a ship bound for New York 偷乘一艘开往纽约的船. 派生： stowage[5stEuidV; 5stoidV] n [U] 1 stowing or being stowed 装载. 2 space used or available for this 装载货物处. 复合： `stowaway n person who hides himself in a ship or aircraft before its departure, in order to travel without paying or being seen 无票偷乘船或飞机的人.

Str
abbr 缩写 = Strait: Magellan Str, eg on a map 麦哲伦海峡（如地图上的标记）.

straddle
[5strAdl; 5strAdl] v 1 [I, Tn] sit or stand across (sth) with both legs wide apart 跨坐或跨立在（某物）上: * straddle a fence, ditch, horse 跨在栅栏、 沟、 马上. 2 [Tn] fire shots or drop bombs, etc slightly in front of and behind (a target) 夹叉射击或轰炸（某目标）.

strafe
[stra:f, streif; straf, stref] v [Tn] attack (sth/sb) with gunfire; bombard 枪击（某物[某人]）; 轰炸.

straggle
[5strAgl; 5strAgl] v 1 [I, Ipr] grow or spread in an irregular or untidy manner 无规则地或散乱地生长或散布: * a straggling village 布局散乱的村子 * vines straggling over the fences 蔓生在篱笆上的藤蔓. 2 [I, Ipr, Ip] walk, march, etc too slowly to keep up with the rest of the group; drop behind 落伍; 掉队; 落後: * a few young children straggling along behind their parents 跟不上父母步子的几个小孩儿. 派生： straggler[5strAglE(r); 5strAgll] n person who straggles (straggle2) 落伍、 掉队或落後的人: * The last stragglers are just finishing the race. 跑在最後面的人刚刚到达终点. straggly[5strAgli; 5strAgli] adj (-ier, -iest) straggling 蔓生的; 散乱的: * wet straggly hair 乱蓬蓬的湿毛发.

straight
1[streit; stret] adj 1 without a bend or curve; extending or moving continuously in one direction only 直的; 向一个方向延伸或运动的: * a straight road, line, rod 直的路、 线、 杆 * straight hair, ie not curly 直的毛发 * a straight skirt, ie not flared 直筒裙. 2 [usu pred 通常作表语] arranged in proper order; tidy; correct 井然有序; 整齐; 正确: * It took hours to get the house straight. 用了很长时间才把房子收拾好. 3 [pred 作表语] properly positioned; parallel to sth else; level or upright 端正; 与他物平行; 水平; 竖直: * Put the picture straight. 把这幅画放正. * Is my tie straight? 我的领带系得正不正? * His hat isn't on straight. 他的帽子没戴正. 4 (of a person, his behaviour, etc) honest; truthful （指人、 其行为等）正直的, 诚实的: * give a straight answer to a straight question 直率地回答直率的问题 * I don't think you're being straight with me. 我认为你对我不够坦诚. * It's time for some straight talking, ie some frank discussion. 现在该坦率地谈谈了. 5 [attrib 作定语] accurate and without additions; not modified or elaborate 准确的; 无渲染的; 无虚饰的: * tell a straight story 实事求是地讲一件事 * give sb a straight (ie reliable and accurate) tip 给某人一个准确的内部消息. 6 [attrib 作定语] (of a play or theatrical style) of the ordinary type; serious （指戏剧或戏剧风格）一般的, 实无华的, 严肃的: * a straight actor 演技 实的男演员 * a straight play, ie not a musical or variety show 话剧. 7 [attrib 作定语] in continuous succession 接连的; 连续的: * ten straight wins in a row 接连十次获胜. 8 (also neat) (of an alcoholic drink) without water, soda-water, etc added; undiluted （指酒精饮料）不搀水、 苏打水等的, 纯的: * Two straight whiskies, please. 请来两杯不加水的威士忌. * I like my vodka straight. 我喜欢喝纯的伏特加酒.

straight1
9 (sl 俚) (a) conventional and conservative 传统的; 保守的. (b) heterosexual 异性恋的: * straight men 异性恋的男性. 10 (idm 习语) get sth right/straight => right1. keep a straight `face stop oneself from smiling and laughing 着脸; 忍住不笑: * He has such a strange voice that it's difficult to keep a straight face when he's talking. 他的声音很古怪, 说起话来很难让人不笑. put/set the record straight => record1. put sb straight (about sth) correct sb's mistake; make sure that sb knows the correct facts, etc 纠正某人的错误; 务必使某人了解事实等. put sth straight make sth tidy 将某物弄整齐: * Please put your desk straight before you leave the office. 请你先把办公桌收拾好再离开办公室. stiff/straight as a ramrod => ramrod. (as) straight as an `arrow/`die (a) in a straight line or direction 成直线; 笔直; 径直. (b) (of a person) honest and straightforward （指人）诚实的, 正直的. the ,straight and `narrow (infml 口) proper, honest and moral way of behaving 正当、 诚实和正派: * He finds it difficult to stay on/stick to the straight and narrow for long. 他觉得长期地坚持走正道很难. (vote) the straight `ticket (US) (vote for a) political party's complete programme or list of candidates without any changes or modifications to it （投票支持）某一政党的全部纲领或候选人. 派生： straight n (sl 俚) (a) conventional person 恪守传统的人. (b) heterosexual person 异性恋者. straighten[5streitn; 5stretn] v 1 [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (up/out) (cause sth to) become straight （使某物）变直: * The road straightens (out) after a series of bends. 这条路经过几个转弯之後就直了. * straighten one's tie, skirt 把领带、 裙子弄平整 * Straighten your back (up)! 把背挺直! 2 (phr v) straighten sth out settle or resolve sth; remove difficulties from sth 解决某事物; 排除某事物存在的困难:

straight2
* Let's try to straighten out this confusion. 咱们努力收拾这个混乱的局面吧. straighten sb out (infml 口) remove the doubt or ignorance in sb's mind 使某人消除疑虑; 给某人解释清楚: * You're clearly rather muddled about office procedures but I'll soon straighten you out. 你显然不大明白办事的手续, 我很快就给你解释清楚. straighten (oneself) up make one's body upright 把身子挺直. straightness n [U]. 复合： `straight-edge n strip of wood or metal with one edge straight, used for checking or marking straight lines （校正或绘制直线用的）直尺. ,straight `fight (esp politics 尤用於政治) competition between only two people or parties 只有两人或两个政党参加的竞争. `straight man member of a comedy act who makes remarks or creates situations for the main performer to make jokes about 喜剧中的配角; 滑稽演员的搭档.

straightforward
[7streit'fC:wEd; 7stret'fCrwld] adj 1 (of a person, his manner, etc) honest and frank, without evasion （指人、 态度等）诚实的, 坦率的, 老实的, 坦白的: * straightforward in one's business dealings 老老实实做生意. 2 easy to understand or do; without complicationsor difficulties 易懂的; 易做的; 简单的; 不难的: * a straightforward examination question 容易回答的试题 * written in straightforward language 用浅易文字写成的 * The procedure is quite straightforward. 手续很简单. > straightforwardly adv: * behave, speak straightforwardly 老老实实地做人、 说话. straightforwardness n [U]: * She admired his straightforwardness. 她称赞他为人正直.

straightway
[7streit'wei; 5stret7we] adv (arch 古) at once; immediately 立刻; 马上.

strain
1[strein; stren] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] stretch (sth) tightly by pulling 拉紧, 紧（某物）: * strain a rope (to breaking-point/until it breaks) 把绳子拉紧（直到拉断）. 2 [I, It, Tn, Tnt] make the greatest possible effort; use all one's power, energy, etc (to do sth) 竭力; 用全力（做某事）: * wrestlers heaving and straining 尽力拼搏的摔交运动员 * strain (one's ears) to hear a conversation 聚精会神地听别人交谈 * straining to understand what she meant 努力弄懂她的意思 * strain one's voice to shout 扯着嗓门叫喊. 3 [Tn] injure or weaken (esp a part of the body) by stretching too much or trying too hard 因过度伸展或用力而损伤（尤指身体某部位）: * strain a muscle, one's heart 肌肉、 心肌劳损 * strain one's eyes, eg by reading in a bad light 损害视力（如在微弱光线下阅读） * strain one's voice, ie by speaking or singing too long or too loudly 喊哑嗓子（因说话或唱歌时间过长或声音过大） * (ironic 反语) I would welcome some help but don't strain yourself! 我倒是盼着有人来帮忙--只是别累坏了你自己! 4 [Tn] (fml fig 文, 比喻) force (sth) beyond a limit of what is acceptable 竭力使（某事物）超过极限: * strain the credulity of one's listeners 使听的人难以相信 * strain one's authority, rights, power, etc, ie go beyond what is allowed or reasonable 滥用权威、 权利、 权力等 * Her prose strains language (ie the meaning of words) to the limits. 她的散文在语言运用上已超越了规范的极限. 5 [Tn] pass (food, etc) through a sieve, cloth, etc when separating solids from liquids 过滤（食物等）: * strain the soup, vegetables 过滤汤、 蔬菜 * The tea hasn't been strained, ie It is full of tea-leaves. 这茶未经过滤（未滤去茶叶）. 6 (idm 习语) strain after ef`fects/an ef`fect try in a forced or unnatural way to make sth seem impressive 勉强地或造作地使某事物显得了不起. strain at the `leash (infml 口) be eager to have the freedom to do what one wants 渴望挣脱束缚:

strain1
* teenagers straining at the leash to escape parental control 极力要摆脱父母控制的青少年. strain every `nerve (to do sth) try as hard as one can 尽力（做某事）. 7 (phr v) strain at sth make a strenuous effort by pulling at sth 用力拉、 拖、 拽、 曳...某物: * rowers straining at the oars 用力划桨的划船手 * dogs straining at the lead 用力拖曳牵狗皮带的狗. strain sth off (from sth) remove (eg liquid) from solid matter by using a sieve, etc 滤去（液体等）: * strain off the water from the cabbage when it is cooked 烹调洋白菜时把水分滤掉. 派生： strained adj 1 unnatural, forced and artificial; not easy or relaxed 不自然的; 勉强的; 造作的; 紧张的: astrained laugh 勉强的笑 * strained relations, ie unpleasanttension between people, groups or countries 紧张的关系（人际、 团体或国家之间的）. 2 overtired and anxious 过度疲劳和焦虑的; 心力交瘁的: She looked very strained when I last saw her. 我上次看见她时, 她显得非常憔悴. strainer n (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) device for straining (strain1 5) liquids 过滤器; 滤网: a `tea-strainer 滤茶器.

strait
jacket

straitened
[5streitnd; 5stretnd] adj (idm 习语) in straitened `circumstances (fml esp euph 文, 尤作委婉语) having scarcely enough money to live on; in poverty 勉强 口的; 穷困的.

strand
1[strAnd; strAnd] n (arch or rhet 古或修辞) sandy shore of a lake, sea or river （多沙的）湖滨, 海滨, 海滩, 河岸. 派生： strand v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] cause (sth) to be left on the shore and unable to return to the sea; cause to go aground 使（某物）留在岸上无法返回海中; 使搁浅: a ship stranded on a sandbank 搁浅在沙滩上的船 * a whale stranded by the high tide 被大海潮冲到岸上的鲸鱼. stranded adj left in difficulties, eg without money, friends or transport 陷於困境的（如无钱、 无友或无交通工具）: stranded tourists 受困无援的旅行者 * be left stranded in a foreign country without one's passport 在外国因无护照而陷入困境.

strange
[streindV; strendV] adj (-r, -st) 1 not previously known, seen, felt, heard of, etc; not familiar or of one's own 前所未知、 未见、 未觉察、 未听说过等的; 不熟悉的; 陌生的; 不属於自己的: * in a strange country, town, neighbourhood, etc 在陌生的国度、 城市、 地方等 * Never accept lifts from strange men. 千万不要坐陌生人的顺路车. 2 unusual; surprising 不同寻常的; 奇特的; 奇异的; 奇怪的: * What strange clothes you're wearing! 你穿的衣服真特别! * It's strange we haven't heard from him. 奇怪的是我们没有他的音信. * She says she feels strange, ie rather unwell, perhaps dizzy. 她说她觉得不大舒服. * It feels strange to be visiting the place again after all these years. 时隔多年, 旧地重访使人感到很新奇.3 [pred 作表语] ~ to sth fresh or unaccustomed to sth 对某事物感到陌生或不习惯: * He's strange to the work. 他对这工作很外行. * The village boy was strange to city life. 那个农村男孩儿过不惯城市生活. 4 (idm 习语) ,strange to re`late/`say... it is surprising that... 说也奇怪...: * Strange to say, he won! 说来奇怪, 他赢了! > strangely adv: * The house was strangely quiet. 这所房子静得出奇. * It turned out we'd been at school together, strangely enough. 原来我们以前是同学, 多奇怪. strangeness n [U].

stranger
[5streindVE(r); 5strendVl] n 1 person that one does not know 陌生人: * I'd met Anna before, but her friend was a complete/total stranger to me. 我见过安娜, 但从未见过她那位朋友. * Our dog barks at strangers. 我们那只狗见了生人就汪汪叫. 2 person in a new or an unfamiliar place or with people that he does not know 外地人; 异乡人; 外人: * I'm a stranger in this town, ie I do not know my way around it. 我在这个城镇里人地生疏. 3 (idm 习语) be a/no stranger to sth (fml 文) beunaccustomed/accustomed to a certain feeling, experience,condition, job, etc 不惯於[习惯於]某种感情、 经历、 状况、 工作等: * He's no stranger to misfortune, ie He has experienced it before. 他饱经忧患.

strangle
[5strANgl; 5strANgl] v 1 [Tn] kill (sb) by squeezing or gripping the throat tightly; throttle 扼死, 勒死, 绞死, 掐死（某人）; 使窒息: * He strangled her with her own scarf. 他用她的围巾把她勒死了. * (infml 口) I could cheerfully strangle you for getting me into this mess! 你让我这样难堪, 我恨不得掐死你! * (fig 比喻) This stiff collar is strangling me, ie making it difficult for me tobreathe. 这硬领把我的脖子卡得喘不过气来. 2 (a) [Tn]restrict or prevent the proper growth, operation or development of (sth) 限制或阻止（某事物）的正常生长、 操作或发展: * She felt her creativity was being strangled.她觉得她的创造力难以发挥. (b) [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] restrict the utterance of (sth) 限制（某事物）的发声: * a strangled (ie partly suppressed) cry 哽咽. 派生： strangler n person who strangles sb 扼死他人的人; 压制者. 复合： `stranglehold n (a) strangling grip 扼制; 压制; 束缚. (b) (usu sing 通常作单数) ~ (on sth) (fig 比喻) firm control, making it impossible for sth to grow or develop properly 控制某事物; 使某事物不能正常成长或发展: The new tariffs have put a stranglehold on trade. 新的关税制对开展贸易极为不利.

strangulate
[5strANgjuleit; 5strANgjE7let] v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (medical 医) compress or tightly squeeze (a vein, an intestine, etc) so that nothing can pass through it 绞窄或挤压（静脉、 肠等）（使其不通）: * a strangulated hernia, ie one from which the blood supply has been cut off 绞窄性疝. 派生： strangulation[7strANgju'leiFn; 7strANgjE'leFEn] n [U] 1 strangling or being strangled 扼杀; 勒死; 绞死; 掐死; 窒息; 抑制; 压制; 束缚. 2 strangulating or being strangulated 绞窄; 挤压.

strap
[strAp; strAp] n (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) 1 [C] strip of leather, cloth or other flexible material, often with a buckle, used to fasten things together or to keep things in place or to support, hold or hang sth by 带子（用皮、 布等做成的, 通常有扣）: * a watch-strap 表带 * My camera strap has broken. 我照相机上的皮带断了. * A rucksack has straps that go over the shoulders. 背包上有两条背带. 2 [C] narrow strip of material worn over the shoulders as part of a dress, etc （连衣裙等套在肩上的）挎带, 肩带, 背带: * bra-straps 胸罩肩带 * a summer dress with thin shoulder-straps 有细肩带的夏季连衣裙. 3 the strap [sing] (esp formerly) punishment by beating with a leather strap （尤指旧时）用皮鞭抽打的惩罚: * I got/was given the strap. 我挨了一顿鞭打. 派生： strap v 1 [Tn.pr, Tn.p] hold, secure or fasten (sth/sb) with a strap or straps 用带子系、 扎、 困、 绑（某物[某人]）: strap sth in place 用带子把某物固定住 * They strapped their equipment on(to their backs). 他们用带子把用品拴在背上. * Make sure the passengers are strapped in(to their seats) before driving off. 开车前请乘客务必系好安全带. * The lorry's load had been securely strapped down. 卡车上的货物已困扎牢固了. 2 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) bind (a wound, limb, etc) with bandages （用 带）包扎（伤口、 肢体等）: His injured arm was tightly strapped (up). 他受伤的手臂已妥善地包扎好了. 3 [Tn] beat (sb) with a strap 用皮鞭抽打（某人）. strapless[5strAplis; 5strAplis] adj (esp of a dress or bra) without straps (strap 2) （尤指连衣裙或胸罩）无背带的, 无肩带的. strapped adj [pred 作表语] ~ (for sth) (infml 口) not having enough (of sth, esp money) 短缺（尤指钱）: I'm a bit strapped for cash. 我现金有点不足. strapping adj (esp joc 尤作戏谑语) big, tall and strong; robust 高大健壮的; 强健的: She's a strapping lass. 她是个身强体壮的姑娘.

strap1
复合： straphanger[5strAphNE(r); 5strAp7hANl] n (often derog 常作贬义) standing passenger in a bus, train, etc who supports himself by holding onto a strap attached to the ceiling; commuter （公共汽车、 火车等上手拉吊带的）站立的乘客; 通勤者.

strata
pl of stratum.

stratagem
[5strAtEdVEm; 5strAtEdVEm] n (fml 文) trick, plan or scheme to deceive sb (esp an enemy) 蒙蔽他人（尤指敌人）的计谋、 策略或花招: * a cunning stratagem 诡计.

strategic
[strE'ti:dVik; strE'tidVik] (also strategical) adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] 1 of strategy; forming part of a plan or scheme 战略（上）的; 策略（上）的: * strategic(al) decisions 战略决策. 2 giving an advantage; right for a particular purpose 有战略意义的; 战略上适合的: * a strategic position, move 战略地位、 行动 * strategic bombing, eg of industrial areas and communication centres 战略轰炸 * strategic materials, ie those that are necessary for war 战略物资. 3 (of weapons, esp nuclear missiles) directed against an enemy's country rather than used in a battle （指武器, 尤指核武器）战略性的. Cf 参看 tactical (tactic). > strategically[-kli;-kli] adv: * a strategically placed microphone 设在关键位置上的话筒.

strategy
[5strAtEdVi; 5strAtEdVi] n 1 [U] (art of) planning and directing an operation in a war or campaign 战略（学）: * military strategy 军事部署 * skilled in strategy 善於制定战略. 2 [U] (skill in) planning or managing any affair well 策略; 谋略; 计画或管理: * By careful strategy she negotiated a substantial pay rise. 她精心策画後, 谈妥了大幅增加工资的事. 3 [C] plan or policy designed for a particular purpose 针对性措施; 对策; 政策: * economic strategies 经济政策 * a new police strategy for crowd control 警方为控制人群拥挤现象而采取的新措施. Cf 参看 tactic. 派生： strategist[-dVist; -dVist] n person skilled in (esp military) strategy 善於谋画的人; （尤指）战略家.

stratify
[5strAtifai; 5strAtE7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] arrange (sth) in strata or grades, etc 使（某事物）分层或分等级等: * stratified rock 成层岩 * a highly stratified society, ie having many different levels 有很多阶层的社会. 派生： stratification[7strAtifi'keiFn; 7strAtEfi'keFEn] n [U] arrangement in strata, etc; stratifying or being stratified 层次; 成层; 分层: * social stratification 社会阶层.

stratosphere
[5strAtEsfiE(r); 5strAtE7sfir] n [sing] layer of the earth's atmosphere between about 10 and 60 kilometres above the surface of the earth 平流层, 同温层（距地表约10至60公里之间的大气层）. Cf 参看 ionosphere.

stratum
[5stra:tEm; - 'streitEm; 5stretEm] n (pl strata[-tE; -tE/) 1 any of a series of horizontal layers, esp of rock in the earth's crust 层; （尤指）岩层. 2 level or class in society （社会的）阶层: * a gathering of people from a variety of social strata 不同社会阶层的人的集会.

straw
[strC:; strC] n 1 [U] cut and dried stalks of grain plants (eg wheat, barley) used as a material for thatching roofs, making hats, mats, etc and as bedding and food for animals （收割後乾燥的）禾秆, 麦秆, 稻草: * a stable filled with straw 堆满乾草的马厩 * [attrib 作定语] a straw mattress, ie one filled with straw 草垫. 2 [C] single stalk or piece of this （一根）禾秆, 麦秆, 稻草: * There are a few straws in your hair. 你的头发上有几根稻草. 3 [C] thin tube of paper or plastic through which a drink is sucked up （纸或塑料制的）饮料吸管: * drinking lemonade through a straw 用吸管吸汽水 * A packet of (drinking) straws, please. 请给我一包吸管. 4 a straw [sing] insignificant thing or amount (used esp in the expressions shown) 微不足道的事物或数量（尤用於以下示例）: * not care a straw 毫不在乎 * be not worth a straw 毫无价值. 5 (idm 习语) clutch/grasp at a `straw/`straws try to take some slight chance of escaping or being rescued from sth 抓救命稻草（竭力抓住微小的机会以求逃脱或获救）. the last/final straw (that breaks the camel's back) additional event, act, task, etc that makes a situation finally intolerable （事情、 行动、 任务等）使人终於不胜负荷的最後的量. make bricks without straw => brick. a man of straw => man1. a straw in the `wind slight indication of how things may develop （显示事物动向的）徵兆, 迹象, 苗头. 复合： `straw-coloured adj light yellow 草黄色的; 浅黄色的. straw poll (also straw vote) (esp US) unofficial survey of public opinion 非正式的民意调查.

strawberry
[5strC:bri; - -beri; 5strC7beri] n (a) [C] soft juicy red fruit with tiny yellow seeds on the surface 草莓: * fresh strawberries and cream 鲜草莓拌奶油 * [attrib 作定语] strawberry jam 草莓酱 * strawberry pink 草莓般的粉红色. (b) low-growing plant on which this fruit grows 草莓（指植株）. 复合： `strawberry-mark n reddish birthmark on the skin 草莓状红斑（皮肤上的红色胎记）.

stray
[strei; stre] v [I, Ipr, Ip] 1 move away from one's group, proper place, etc with no fixed destination or purpose; wander 离群, 走离（无固定去向或目的）; 走失; 迷失; 闲逛: * Some of the cattle have strayed. 有些牛走失了. * stray into the path of an oncoming car 偏离车道而误入逆向行驶的汽车道 * Young children should not be allowed to stray from their parents. 不要让儿童离开父母到处乱跑. * He had strayed from home while still a boy. 他小时候就离开家到处流浪了. 2 deviate from a direct course or leave a subject 偏离; 背离; 离题: * My mind kept straying from the discussion (to other things). 我在讨论时总是走神（去想别的事情）. * Don't stray (away) from the point. 不要离题. 派生： stray adj [attrib 作定语] 1 having strayed; lost 离群的; 走失的; 迷失的; 闲逛的; 偏离的: a home for stray dogs 走失的狗的收容处 * (fig 比喻) Stray papers littered his desk. 他的书桌上都是乱七八糟的纸. 2 occurring here and there, not as one of a group; isolated 零星的; 散乱的; 孤立的: killed by a stray bullet, ie by chance, not on purpose 被流弹击毙 * The streets were empty except for a few stray passers-by. 除了寥寥几个行人外, 街上空空如也. stray n (a) person or domestic animal that has strayed 迷路的人; 流浪者; 走失的家畜: This dog must be a stray. 这只狗一定是找不着家了. Cf 参看 waif. (b) thing that is out of its proper place or separated from others of the same kind 不在原处的东西; 不与同类在一起的事物.

streak
[stri:k; strik] n ~ (of sth) 1 long thin mark, line or band of a different substance or colour from its surroundings （与整体不同物质或颜色的）条纹, 线条, 斑纹: * streaks of grey in her hair 她头发上夹杂着的缕缕白发 * a streak (ie flash) of lightning 一道闪电 * streaks of fat in the meat 这块肉中一层层的膘. 2 element or trace (in a person's character) （个性中的）些微特点或特徵: * a streak of jealousy, vanity, cruelty, etc 几分嫉妒、 虚荣、 残忍等 * have a jealous streak 有点儿嫉妒. 3 (esp in gambling) period of continuous success or failure （尤指赌博）连赢或连输的一段时间: * a streak of good luck 一阵子好运气 * hit (ie have) a winning/losing streak 碰上连赢[输]的运气. 4 (idm 习语) like a streak of lightning => lightning1. a yellow streak => yellow. 派生： streak v 1 [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) mark sth with streaks 在某物上加条纹: have one's hair streaked 把头发染成一缕缕不同的颜色 * white marble streaked with brown 带褐色条纹的白色大理石. 2 [Ipr, Ip] (infml 口) move very fast (in thespecified direction) 飞快地（向某方向）移动: The children streaked off (down the street) as fast as they could. 孩子们拼命地（沿街）飞跑. 3 [I] run through a public place with no clothes on, in order to shock or amuse people 裸跑（为使人震惊或发笑）. streaker n person who streaks (streak v 3) 裸跑的人. streaky adj (-ier, -iest) marked with, having or full of streaks （加）有（很多）条纹的: streaky bacon, ie with layers of fat and lean in it 五花腌猪肉（肉层肥瘦相间）.

stream
[stri:m; strim] n 1 small river or large brook （小）河; （大）溪; 河沟: * a small stream running through the woods 流过树林的小溪. 2 ~ (of sth/sb) flow (of liquid, people, things, etc) （液体、 人群、 事物等的）流、 流动或涌出: * a stream of blood 一股血 * a steady stream of abuse, complaints, etc 一连串的辱骂、 抱怨等 * streams of shoppers, traffic 购物者的人流、 车辆的川流不息. 3 current or direction of sth flowing or moving （流动或移动的）水流、 气流、 趋势或趋向: * leaves moving with the stream 顺流飘动的落叶. 4 (esp Brit) (in some schools) class or division of a class into which children of the same age and level of ability are placed （某些学校中同龄儿童按智力水平编成的）能力班或能力小组: * the A, B, C, etc stream A、 B、 C...级能力小组. 5 (idm 习语) go up/down stream move up/down the river 溯流而上[顺流而下]. go, swim, etc with/against the stream/tide conform/not conform to accepted behaviour, opinions, etc; be/not be carried along by the course of events 顺应潮流[反潮流]; 随[不随]大溜: * Teenagers often go against the stream. 青少年经常反潮流而动. on stream in active operation or production 在实际运转或生产中: * The new plant comes on stream in March. 新工厂将於叁月份投产. 派生： stream v 1 [I, Ipr] flow or move as a stream （像水流般）流, 流动: Sweat streamed down his face. 他脸上汗水直流. * People were streaming out of the station. 人们涌出了车站. 2 (a) [Tn] emit a stream of (sth) 流出（某物）: The wound streamed blood. 伤口流出了血. (b) [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) run with liquid 流淌: a streaming cold, ie with much liquid coming from the nose 伴有流鼻涕的感冒 * His face was streaming with sweat. 他脸上淌着汗. 3 [I, Ipr, Ip] float or wave at full length (esp in the wind) 飘扬, 招展（尤指在风中）: Her hair streamed(out) in the wind. 她的头发迎风飘动着.

stream1
4 [Tn usu passive通常用於被动语态] (esp Brit) place (schoolchildren) in streams (stream4) 将（学童）按年龄和智力编班或分组: Children are streamed according to ability. 儿童按智力水平分成小组. streamer n 1 long narrow flag 狭长的旗子. 2 long narrow ribbon of coloured paper 狭长的彩色纸带: a room decorated with balloons and streamers 用气球和纸彩带装饰的房间. 3 = banner headline (banner). streaming n [U] (policy of) placing schoolchildren in streams (stream 4) 按学童智力水平编成班或组（的原则）. 复合： stream of consciousness (writing that seeks to express the) continuous flow of ideas, thoughts and feelings experienced by a person when conscious 意识流（个人有意识时所体验到的思想和情感的具有连续性的流动）; 意识流创作（法）.

streamline
[5stri:mlain; 5strim7lain] v [Tn] 1 give a streamlined form to (sth) 使（某物）成流线型. 2 make (sth) more efficient and effective, eg by improving or simplifying working methods 使（某事物）效率更高、 作用更大（如藉改进或简化工作方法）: * We must streamline our production procedures. 我们必须精简生产程序以提高效率. 派生： streamlined adj having a smooth even shape so as to be able to move quickly and easily through air, water, etc 流线型的: modern streamlined cars 现代的流线型汽车.

strength
[streNW; streNW] n 1 [U] quality of being strong; degree of intensity of this 力量; 力气; 强度; 浓度: * a man of great strength 强壮的男子 * strength of character, mind, will 性格、 思想、 意志的坚强 * regain one's strength after an illness 病後恢复体力 * the strength of a rope, ie its ability to resist strain 绳子的强度 * put on a show of strength, ie show how strong one is 显示力量 * For a small woman she has surprising strength. 她个子虽小但力大惊人. * The strength of feeling on this issue is considerable. 在这个问题上表现出的情绪很强. * How is the strength of alcoholic drinks measured? 含酒精饮料的浓度是如何测定的? =>Usage 见所附用法. 2 [C, U] that which makes sb/sth strong; particular respect in which a person or thing is strong 力量的源泉; 强点; 长处: * the strengths and weaknesses of an argument 一论据的长处和弱点 * Tolerance is one of her many strengths. 宽容是她的一个优点. * His strength as a news-reader lies in his training as a journalist. 他胜任新闻广播员的工作, 在於他有当过记者的锻炼. 3 [U] number of people present or available; full number 现有的或可召集到的人员; 人力; 实力: * What is the strength of the work-force? 职工总数是多少? 4 (idm 习语) be at full/be below strength have the required/less than the required number of people 满员[未满员]. bring sth/be up to (full) strength make sth reach/be the required number 使某事物达到所需数量: * We must bring the police force up to (full) strength. 我们必须让警察人数达到（全部）编制所需的数量. from strength to strength with ever-increasing success 不断进步: * Since her appointment the department has gone from strength to strength. 自从她任职以来, 这个部门越办越好了. in (full, great, etc) strength in large numbers 大量（的）: * The army paraded in (full) strength. （全部）军队接受了检阅. on the strength (infml 口) included as an official member of an organization, armed force, etc 在编. on the strength of sth on the basis of sth; relying on (a fact, sb's advice, etc) 基於某事物; 根据（事实、 某人的意见等）:

strength1
* I got the job on the strength of your recommendation. 承蒙足下推荐, 我已获得这份工作. outgrow one's strength => outgrow. a tower of strength => tower. 派生： strengthen[5streNWn; 5streNWEn] v [I, Tn] (cause sth/sb to) become stronger （使某物[某人]）更强: * The currentstrengthened as we moved down the river. 我们顺流而下时, 水流更急了. * a special shampoo to strengthen your hair 能保养头发的一种特效洗发剂 * strengthen a garrison with extra troops 增派部队以加强驻地的兵力 * This latest development has further strengthened my determination to leave. 最近事态的发展更增强了我离开的决心. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Compare strength, power, force and vigour (US vigor). 试比较strength、 power、 force、 vigour（美式拼写作vigor）. Strength and power indicate an internal quality of an object or person. *strength和power表示物体或人的内在特性. The strength of a body, bridge or rope is its ability to hold great weight *strength用於身体指力气, 用於桥梁指承重强度, 用於绳索指抗拉强度: I haven't the strength to carry you. 我抱不动你. The power in a person's body, in a machine or in the wind is the energy within it that can be applied *power用於人体、 机械或风时指可应用的能量: We can harness the power of the wind to make electricity. 我们可以利用风力发电. Force and vigour relate to the application of energy. *force和vigour指能量的应用. The force of an explosion, a storm or a blow is the energy released and its impact on objects *force用於爆炸、 风暴或打击时, 指释放的能量及其对物体的冲击力: The car was completely wrecked by the force of the collision. 这辆汽车受到很大的撞击力而完全损坏. A person's vigour is the energy used, especially in work *vigour用於人时, 指所用的体力、 精力, 尤指工作活力或干劲: She does her work with tremendous vigour. 她工作起来干劲十足.

strenuous
[5strenjuEs; 5strenjuEs] adj 1 making great efforts; energetic 努力的; 精力充沛的: * strenuous workers 干劲十足的工作人员 * make a strenuous attempt to reach the top of the mountain 力求登上山顶. 2 requiring great effort 必须努力的: * a strenuous itinerary 艰难的旅行路线 * strenuous work 累人的工作 * lead a strenuous life 过艰苦的生活. > strenuously adv: * She strenuously denies all the charges. 她竭力否认一切指控.

streptococcus
[7streptE'kCkEs; 7streptE'kakEs] n (pl -cocci[-'kCkai; -'kakai] ) (medical 医) any of a group of bacteria that cause serious infections and illnesses链球菌. > streptococcal[-'kCkl; -'kakEl] adj.

streptomycin
[7streptEu'maisin; 7streptE'maisin] n [U] (medical 医) antibiotic drug used to treat infections, etc 链霉素.

stress
[stres; stres] n 1 [U, C] (pressure or worry resulting from) mental or physical distress, difficult circumstances, etc 精神上或肉体上的痛苦、 困难的情况等（所造成的压力或忧虑）: * be under/suffer from stress 在压力下[受到压力] * in times of stress, ie difficulty, trouble, etc 在困难时期 * the stresses and strains of modern life 现代生活的压力和紧张. 2 [U] ~ (on sth) special emphasis or significance 强调; 重要性: * He feels that there is not enough stress on drama at the school.他觉得这所学校对戏剧不够重视. * She lays great stress on punctuality, ie regards it as very important. 她非常强调要遵守时刻. 3 [C, U] (a) (result of) extra force used in speaking a particular word or syllable 重读; 重音: * In `strategic' the stress is/falls on the second syllable. strategic这个字的重音在第二个音节上. * Stress and rhythm are important in speaking English. 说英语时, 重音和节奏是很重要的. * You must learn where to place the stresses.必须掌握在什麽地方重读. Cf 参看 inflection 2, intonation 2. (b) (result of) extra force used when making a sound in music （音乐中声音的）加强, 加强音: * Put a stress on the first note in each bar. 每一小节的第一个音符要加强. 4 [C, U] ~ (on sth) (esp in mechanics) force that acts on a thing or between parts of a thing, and tends to pull or twist it out of shape; tension （尤指力学的）应力: * High winds put great stress on the structure. 大风作用於该建 物上而产生巨大的应力. * [attrib 作定语] a stress fracture of a bone in the leg 腿部的应力性骨折. 派生： stress v [Tn, Tf] put stress or emphasis on (sth) 着重, 强调（某事物）; 重读（某音节）; 加强（某音符）: You stress the first syllable in `happiness'. happiness一字的第一个音节要重读. * He stressed the point that.... 他强调这一点.... * I must stress that what I say is confidential. 我要强调我说的话是保密的.

stress1
stressful[-fl; -fEl] adj causing stress(1) 有压力的: * She finds her new teaching job very stressful. 她觉得新的教学工作非常紧张. 复合： `stress mark mark (as used in this dictionary) to indicate the stress(3a) on a syllable in a word 重音符号（表示字中某一音节须重读的符号, 如本词典所用的）: In the word `sympathetic'[7simpE'Wetik; 7simpE'Wetik] the primary stress (`) is on the third syllable, and the secondary stress (,) is on the first syllable. 在sympathetic一字中, 主重音符号（`）是在第叁个音节上, 次重音符号（,）在第一个音节上.

stretch
[stretF; stretF] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p, Cn.a] make (sth) longer, wider or tighter by pulling 拉长, 撑大, 拽紧（某物）: * stretch a rope across a path 把绳索拉到道路对面 * stretch a pair of gloves/shoes, eg to make them fit better 把手套[鞋]撑大（如使之更合适） * stretch a hat to fit one's head 把帽子撑一撑以便戴着合适 * stretch a rope tight 把绳索拉紧. 2 [I] be able to become longer, wider, etc without breaking; be elastic; (be liable to) extend beyond the proper limit 能伸展; 能延伸; 有弹性; （可能）超过限度: * These socks stretch. 这双短袜有弹性. * The pullover stretched (ie out of shape) after I had worn it a few times. 这件套头毛衣我穿了几次之後就撑大了（变形了）. * (fig 比喻) I'd love a holiday if our money will stretch that far. 我们的钱省着花要是能富馀出来, 我倒是很想去度假. 3 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] extend or thrust out (a limb or part of the body) and tighten the muscles, esp after being relaxed or in order to reach sth 伸长或伸出（一肢或身体某部）并 紧肌肉（尤指在放松後或为够着某物）: * He woke up, yawned and stretched. 他一觉醒来, 边打呵欠边伸懒腰. * She stretched across the table for the butter. 她探身去取放在餐桌对面的黄油. * stretch one's arms, legs 伸展双臂、 双腿 * He stretched out his arm to take the book. 他伸出手臂去拿书. * She stretched her neck up, eg to see over the heads of people in a crowd. 她伸着脖子（如从人群头顶上看）. 4 [I, Ipr, Ip] spread out over an area or a period of time; extend 绵延; 延续; 伸展: * forests stretching for hundreds of miles 绵延数百英里的森林 * The road stretched (out) across the desert into the distance. 这条道路穿过沙漠伸向远方. * The ocean stretched as far as they could see on all sides. 海洋十分辽阔, 他们极目远眺无边无涯. * The long summer holiday stretched ahead (of them). 漫长的暑假就在（他们的）眼前.

stretch1
5 [Tn] make great demands on (sb or sb's ability, strength, etc) 对（某人或某人的能力、 体力等）提出高的要求: * The race really stretched him/his skill as a runner. 这次赛跑对他这个参赛者[他的水平]来说, 确是勉为其难. * She has not been sufficiently stretched at school this term. 她本学期功课不太紧张. * We can't take on any more work we're fully stretched (ie working to the utmost of our powers) at the moment. 我们不能再接受更多的工作了--目前已经全力以赴了. 6 [Tn] strain or exert (sth) as far as possible or beyond a reasonable or an acceptable limit 尽力或过度使用（某事物）: * stretch the truth, ie exaggerate or lie 言过其实 * stretch the meaning of a word 过分引伸某词义 * You can't stretch the rules to suit yourself. 你不能为你自己而牵强附会解释这些规章. 7 (idm 习语) stretch one's legs go for a walk as exercise 去散步: * She went out to stretch her legs after lunch. 她午饭後出去散步了. stretch a point go beyond what is usually allowed; make a concession 超出一般所允许的范围; 做出让步: * She doesn't have all the qualifications but I think we should stretch a point in her favour. 她并非全部合格, 但我认为我们可以为她放开一些限制. 8 (phr v) stretch (sth) out (make sth) last or be enough to cover one's needs （使某事物）延续或足够所需: * He couldn't stretch out his money to the end of the month. 他的钱花不到月底. stretch (oneself) out relax by lying at full length 躺着舒展身体: * He stretched (himself) out in front of the fire and fell asleep. 他舒展开身体躺在炉火旁边睡着了. 派生： stretch n 1 [C usu sing 通常作单数] act of stretching or state of being stretched 拉长; 撑大; 拽紧; 伸展; 延伸; 高要求; 过度使用: With a stretch of his arm, he reached the shelf. 他伸出手臂, 够着了那个架子. * The dog woke up, had a good stretch and wandered off. 那条狗醒过来, 舒舒服服地伸展了一下身子便走开了.

stretch2
2 [U] ability to be stretched; elasticity 伸展的能力; 弹性; 伸缩性: This material has a lot of stretch in it. 这种材料很有弹性. * [attrib 作定语] stretch jeans, seat-covers, underwear 弹力牛仔裤、 椅套、 内衣. 3 [C] (a) ~ (of sth) continuous expanse or extent (of sth) 扩展; 延伸; 连绵: a beautiful stretch of countryside 一片郊外美景 * along stretch of open road 长长的郊野公路. (b) continuousor unbroken period of time 连续的一段时间: a four-hour stretch 连续四小时. 4 [C usu sing 通常作单数] (sl 俚) period of service or imprisonment 服役期间; 服刑期间: do a stretch in the army 在军队里服役 * He did a long stretch for attempted murder. 他因谋杀未遂罪坐了很长时间的牢. 5 [C usu sing 通常作单数] straight part of a track or racecourse 直线跑道: the final/finishing/home stretch, ie the last part of the course 临近终点的直线跑道. 6 (idm 习语) at full stretch => full. at a stretch without stopping; continuously 不停地; 连续地: She worked for six hours at a stretch. 她连续工作了六个小时. not by any/by no stretch of the imagination however hard one may try to believe or imagine sth 无论怎样想像: By no stretch of the imagination could you call him ambitious. 不管你怎麽想, 也不能说他存有野心. stretchy[5stretFi; 5stretFi] adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) that can be stretched; tending to become stretched 能伸展的; 可延伸的; 有弹性的: * stretchy materials 弹性材料. stretchiness n [U].

stretcher
[5stretFE(r); 5stretFl] n 1 framework of poles, canvas, etc for carrying a sick or injured person in a lying position 担架: * An ambulance officer brought a stretcher for the injured woman. 救护车工作人员带来了一副担架抢救受伤女子. 2 any of various devices for stretching things or holding things in a stretched position 拉伸、 扩展物品的器具; 扩展器; 延伸器; 撑具. 复合： stretcher-bearer n person (usu one of two) who helps to carry a stretcher 抬担架的人.

strew
[stru:; stru] v (pt strewed, pp strewed or strewn/stru:n; strun] ) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ A (on/over B); ~ B with A scatter sth (over a surface); cover (a surface) with scattered things; sprinkle 撒某物（於某一表面）; 以所撒之物覆盖（某一表面）; 散播: * strew papers over the floor/strew the floor with papers 把文件扔得满地都是. 2 [Tn] lie scattered on or over (a surface) 撒在（某一表面）上; 撒满: * a litter-strewn playground 扔满废弃物品的操场 * Papers strewed the floor. 文件扔了一地. =>Usage at scatter 用法见scatter.

strewth
[stru:W; struW] interj (Brit sl becoming dated 俚, 渐旧) (used to express surprise, annoyance, dismay, etc 用以表示惊讶、 烦恼、 愕然等): * Strewth, look at the time! We're late! 哎呀, 瞧这时间! 咱们迟到了!

striated
[strai'eitid; - 'straieitid; 5straietid] adj (fml 文) marked with stripes, lines or furrows 有道道条纹、 线条或沟痕的. 派生： striation/strai'eiFn; strai'eFEn] n (fml 文) 1 [C] stripe, line or furrow 条纹; 线条; 沟痕. 2 [U] state of being striated 条纹图样.

stricken
[5strikEn; 5strikEn] adj ~ (by/with sth) (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) affected or overcome (by sth unpleasant, eg illness, grief) 经受或不堪（某坏事, 如疾病、 悲痛）之苦的: * stricken with malaria, cancer, fever, etc 染疟疾、 患癌症、 发烧 * stricken by poverty/`poverty-stricken 贫困不堪的 * `grief-/`panic-/`terror-stricken 悲痛[惊恐/恐惧]已极的 * Rescue teams raced to the stricken ship. 救援队竞相前往抢救遇难轮船.

strict
[strikt; strikt] adj (-er, -est) 1 demanding total obedience or observance (of rules, ways of behaving, etc); severe; not lenient 要求完全服从或遵守的; 严厉的; 严格的: * a strict teacher 严师 * a strict upbringing 严格的教养 * a strict rule against smoking 禁止吸烟的严格规定 * She's very strict with her children. 她待子女很严. 2 (a) clearly and exactly defined; precise 明确的; 严密的; 精确的: * in the strict sense of the word 确如该词之义的 * the strict truth 确凿的事实 * a strict understanding, interpretation 明确的了解、 解释. (b) complete; absolute 完全的; 绝对的: * give information in strictest confidence/in strict secrecy, ie expecting complete secrecy 极秘密地提供情报. 派生： strictly adv 1 in a strict manner; completely 严厉地; 严格地; 严密地; 确切地; 完全地; 绝对地: Smoking is strictly prohibited. 严禁吸烟. 2 (idm 习语) strictly speaking if one uses words, applies rules, etc in their exact sense 严格说来: Strictly speaking, he's not qualified for the job. 严格说来, 他没有资格做这份工作. strictness n [U].

stricture
[5striktFE(r); 5striktFl] n 1 (usu pl 通常作复数) (fml 文) severe criticism or condemnation 严厉的批评或谴责: * pass strictures on sb 严厉批评某人. 2 (medical 医) abnormal constriction or narrowing of a tube-shaped part of the body （身体某管状部分异常的）狭窄.

stride
[straid; straid] v (pt strode, pp rarely stridden/ 5strIdn; `strIdn/ 过去分词作stridden, 罕用) 1 [Ipr, Ip] walk with long steps (in the specified direction) （朝某方向）大步行走: * stride along the road 沿路大步行走 * striding across the fields 大步走过田地 * She turned and strode off. 她转身迈着大步走了. * striding out for (ie walking determinedly towards) the distant hills 大步流星向远处的山冈走去. 2 [Ipr] ~ across/over sth cross sth with one step 一步跨越某物: * stride over a ditch 跨过一条沟. 派生： stride n 1 (distance covered by) one long step 大步; 跨一步（的距离）: I was three strides from the door. 我距离那门有叁大步远. 2 person's way of striding; gait （大步的）步法, 步态. 3 (idm 习语) get into one's stridesettle into a fast, confident and steady pace (of doing sth)开始加快速度、 充满信心并稳健地（做某事）: She found the job difficult at first, but now she's really getting into her stride. 起初她觉得这工作很难, 但现在已驾轻就熟了. make great, rapid, etc strides make good, fast, etc progress; improve quickly 进步很大、 很快等: Tom has made enormous strides in his maths this term. 汤姆本学期数学大有进步. take sth in one's stride accept and deal with sth without special effort 不特别费力地认同并处理某事物: Some people find retiring difficult, but he has taken it all in his stride. 有的人觉得很难适应退休後的生活, 但他却能安之若素.

strident
[5straidnt; 5straidnt] adj (of a sound, esp a voice) loud and harsh; shrill （指声音, 尤指嗓音）粗厉的, 尖锐刺耳的: * strident protests 尖利的抗议声 * strident in their demands 他们提出要求时声嘶力竭的. > stridency[5straidEnsi; 5straidnsi] n [U]. stridently adv.

stridulate
[5stridjuleit; - 'stridVuleit; 5stridVE7let] v [I] (of insects such as crickets) make high-pitched chirping sounds by rubbing together certain parts of the body （指昆虫, 如蟋蟀）发尖锐刺耳的唧唧声. > stridulation/ 9strIdjU5leIFn; US -dV-; 9strIdVE`leFEn/ n [U].

strife
[straif; straif] n [U] state of conflict; angry or violent disagreement; quarrelling 冲突; 争斗; 争吵: * industrial strife, ie between employers and workers 劳资纠纷 * a nation torn by political strife 由於政治纷争而四分五裂的国家.

strike
1[straik; straik] n 1 organized stopping of work by employees because of a disagreement (eg over pay, conditions, etc); act or instance of striking (strike2 10) 罢工: * a miners' strike 矿业工人罢工 * industrial strikes 工业部门的罢工 * a strike by bus drivers 公共汽车司机的罢工 * a general, an unofficial, a wildcat strike 大罢工、 未经工会同意的罢工、 自发举行的罢工 * call a strike 号召举行罢工 * break a strike 破坏罢工 * [attrib 作定语] take strike action 进行罢工. 2 sudden discovery of gold, oil, etc in the earth （金矿、 油田等的）突然发现: * (fig 比喻) a lucky strike, ie a fortunate discovery 幸运的发现. 3 sudden attack (esp by aircraft or a missile) 袭击（尤指用飞机或导弹的）: * an air strike 空袭 * [attrib 作定语] first strike capacity in a nuclear war, ie the ability to attack an enemy before they can attack you 核战争中先发制人的能力 * The footballer took a strike at the goal. 那个足球队员飞脚射门. * the strike of a hawk on its prey 鹰向猎物之猛扑. 4 (idm 习语) be/go on `strike; be/come/go out on `strike be engaged in/start an industrial strike 举行[开始]罢工: * We are (going) on strike. 我们正（要）进行罢工. * The ship-builders came/went out on strike for higher pay. 造船工人为提高工资而举行了罢工. 复合： `strikebound adj unable to function because of an industrial strike 因罢工而停顿的: The docks were strikebound for a week. 码头因罢工而瘫痪了一个星期. `strike-breaker n person who continues to work while fellow employees are on strike, or who is employed in place of striking members 破坏罢工者（指罢工时继续上班的或受雇代替罢工者工作的人）. Cf 参看 blackleg. `strike-breaking n [U]. `strike pay money paid by a trade union to striking members during a strike officially recognized by the union 罢工津贴（在工会正式组织的罢工期间由工会发给罢工者的）.

striker
[5straikE(r); 5straikl] n 1 worker who is on strike罢工的人. 2 (sport 体) (a) (in football) attacking playerwhose most important role is to try to score goals （足球）前锋. =>illus at Association football见Association football (association)插图 Cf 参看 forward4. (b) (in cricket) batsman who is facing the bowling （板球）击球手.

striking
[5straikiN; 5straikiN] adj 1 (a) attracting attention or interest 引人注意的; 饶有兴趣的: * a striking display, effect 饶有兴趣的展示、 显着的效果 * There is a striking contrast between the two interpretations. 这两种解释截然不同. (b) attracting attention because of a good appearance; attractive （因相貌好）惹人注目的; 吸引人的: * his striking good looks 他那堂堂仪表 * a very striking young woman 美貌动人的年轻女子. 2 (of a clock, etc) that strikes （指时钟等）鸣响报时的. > strikingly adv: * a strikingly handsome man 极英俊的男子.

string
1[striN; striN] n 1 (a) [U] thin cord made of twisted threads; twine （细的）绳子; 合股的线: * a ball of string 一团线 * tie up a parcel with string 用绳子把包裹捆起来 * attach sth with a length/piece of string 用一根绳子把某物系住. (b) [C] length of this or similar material used to fasten or pull sth, or interwoven in a frame to form the head of a racket 拴或拉某物的绳; （球拍的） 绳: * a puppet on strings, ie made to move by pulling strings attached to its joints 牵线木偶 * The key is hanging on a string by the door. 钥匙挂在门边的一根绳子上. * She wore the medal on a string round her neck. 她脖子上戴着一个用绳子穿着的奖牌. * I have broken several strings in my tennis racket. 我把我那网球拍上的几条 绳给弄断了. 2 [C] tightly stretched piece of catgut or wire, eg in a violin, harp or guitar, which produces a musical note when it vibrates （琴）弦. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xi. 3 the strings [pl] (players of) the stringed instruments (eg violins, cellos, etc) in an orchestra （管弦乐队的）弦乐器（如小提琴、 大提琴等）; 弦乐器演奏者. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xi. 4 [C] (a) set or series of things put together on a thread, cord, etc 穿在线、 绳等上的一串东西: * a string of beads, pearls, etc 一串珠子、 珍珠等 * a string of onions 一串洋葱. (b) series or line of people or things 成列或成行的人; 一连串的事物: * a string of visitors 一列参观者 * a string of small lakes 一个接一个的小湖 * a string of abuse, curses, lies 一连串的辱骂、 诅咒、 谎言 * a string of wins 一连串的胜利. (c) group of racehorses that are trained at one stable 在同一马房里训练的一群赛马. 5 [C] tough piece of fibrous substancethat connects the two halves of a bean-pod, etc （豆荚等的）筋. 6 (idm 习语) the first/second `string first/alternative person or thing (to be) relied on for achieving one's purpose 赖以实现目标的占首位的[可作替代的]人或事物. have/keep sb on a `string have/keep sb under one's control 操纵或支配某人:

string1
* She's had us all on a string for too long. 我们大家受她摆布已经很 长时间了. have two strings/a second, etc string to one's bow => bow1. one's mother's, etc apron strings => apron. (with) no `strings attached/without `strings (infml 口) with no special conditions or restrictions 不附带条件; 无任何限制: * a loan of3000 and no strings attached 一笔3000英镑的无条件贷款. pull strings/wires => pull2. pull the strings/wires => pull2. 派生： stringy adj (-ier, -iest) 1 like string 像细绳的; 线状的: lank stringy hair 平直如线绳的头发. 2 (a) (of beans, etc) having a strip of tough fibre （指豆荚等）有韧性纤维的, 有筋的. (b) (of meat) tough （指肉）多筋的. stringiness n [U]. 复合： ,string `band, ,string `orchestra band or orchestra consisting only of stringed instruments 弦乐队; 弦乐团. `string bean = runner bean (runner). ,string quar`tet (music to be played by) four people playing stringed instruments 弦乐四重奏曲（演奏者）. ,string `vest (esp Brit) vest made of material with large meshes 网眼背心.

stringent
[5strindVEnt; 5strindVEnt] adj 1 (of a law, rule, etc) that must be obeyed; strict or severe （指法律、 规则等）必须遵守的, 严格的, 严厉的: * a stringent ban onsmoking 禁止吸烟的严格规定. 2 (of financial conditions) difficult because there is not enough money （指财务状况）因缺钱而困难的, 银根紧的: * a stringent economic climate 窘迫的经济情势. > stringency[-nsi; -nsi] n [U]: * in these days of financial stringency 在银根收缩的这段日子里. stringently adv: * The regulations must be stringently observed. 这些规则必须严格遵守.

stringer
[5striNE(r); 5striNl] n newspaper correspondent who is not on the regular staff 特约记者.

strip
[strip; strip] v (-pp-) 1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p, Cn.a]~ sth (from/off sth/sb); ~ sth/sb (of sth); ~ sth (off) take off (clothes, coverings, parts, etc) from sb/sth 从某人[某物]处除去（衣物、 覆盖物、 零件等）: * strip (iedismantle) a machine 拆卸机器 * strip the bark off a tree/strip a tree of its bark 剥去树皮 * The bandits stripped him (naked)[stripped him of his clothes. 强盗把他的衣服剥光了. * The paint will be difficult to strip off. 这层漆很难除掉. * They stripped the house bare, ie removed everything from it. 他们把房子里的东西都搬空了. (b) [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (down) (to sth); ~ (off) take off one's clothes 脱去衣服: * The doctor asked the patient to strip. 医生让病人脱掉衣服. * strip to (ie remove all one's clothes except) one's underwear 脱到只剩内衣 * strip to the waist, ie remove clothes from the upper part of one's body 脱光上身衣服 * They stripped off and ran into the water. 他们脱掉衣服跑进水里. 2 [Tn.pr] ~ sb of sth take away (property, honours, etc) from sb 剥夺某人的（财产、 荣誉等）: * He was stripped of all his possessions. 剥夺了他的全部财产. * The general was stripped of his rank. 这位将军被免去了军阶. 3 [Tn] damage the thread of (a screw) or the teeth of (a gear), esp by misuse 损坏（螺钉等）的螺纹或（齿轮）的齿（尤因使用不当）. 4 (idm 习语) strip to the buff (infml 口) take all one's clothes off; undress completely 脱光衣服. 5 (phr v) strip sth down remove all the detachable parts of (esp an engine) in order to clean or repair it 卸掉（尤指发动机）的所有零件进行清理或检修. 派生： strip n 1 act of stripping (strip 1b), esp in a strip-tease show 脱衣; （尤指）脱衣舞表演: do a strip 表演脱衣舞. 2 long narrow piece (of material, etc) or area (of land, etc) 狭长的一块（材料、 土地等）: a strip of paper 一张纸条

strip1
* a strip of land suitable for a garden 适合做园子的一块狭长土地 * a landing-strip in the jungle 丛林中的简易飞机跑道. 3 (infml 口) clothes of a particular colour or colours worn by the members of a football team （足球队员的）运动服（可为单色或彩色）: England are playing in the blue and white strip. 英格兰队穿着蓝白色运动衣进行比赛. 4 (idm 习语) tear sb off a strip/tear a strip off sb => tear2. stripper n 1 [C] person who performs in a strip-tease 脱衣舞表演者. 2 [C, U] device or solvent for removing paint, etc 清除油漆等的器具或溶剂; 剥离器; 清除剂. 复合： `strip cartoon (Brit) = comic strip (comic). `strip club (US also `strip joint) club in which strip-tease is performed 脱衣舞夜总会. `strip lighting, `strip light (method of lighting with a) long tubular fluorescent lamp (instead of a bulb) 荧光灯管（照明方法）. `strip-tease n [C, U] entertainment (eg in a theatre, bar or nightclub) in which a performer slowly undresses in front of an audience 脱衣舞（剧场、 酒吧或夜总会等中的一种节目, 表演者当众徐徐脱掉衣服）.

stripe
[straip; straip] n 1 long narrow band (usu of the same width throughout its length) on a surface that is usu different from it in colour, material or texture 条纹, 线条（通常全长等宽, 而颜色、 材料或质地通常异於底面）: * a white table-cloth with red stripes 有红色条纹的白桌布 * the tiger's stripes 老虎的斑纹 * The plates have a blue stripe round the edge. 这些盘子边缘上有一道蓝线. =>illus at pattern 见pattern插图. 2 badge (often in the shape of a V) that is worn on the uniform of a soldier, policeman, etc as a mark of rank; chevron （军警等制服上的）级别条纹（常呈V字形）; V形臂章: * How many stripes are there on a sergeant's sleeve? 中士的袖子上有几道V形条纹? * She was awarded another stripe. 她又升了一级. 3 (usu pl 通常作复数) (arch 古) blow with a whip; stroke 鞭打; 抽打. 派生： striped/straipt; 5straipt] adj marked with or having stripes (stripe 1) 以条纹作标志的; 有条纹的: * striped material 有条纹的料子 * a striped shirt, suit, tie 带条纹的衬衫、 一套衣服、 领带. stripy[5straipi; 5straipi] adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) = striped: * bright stripy cloth 带条纹的鲜艳的布.

stripling
[5stripliN; 5stripliN] n (fml or joc 文或谑) male person between boyhood and manhood; youth or lad 青年男子; 小伙子: * a young man, hardly more than stripling 一个小伙子, 尚不及而立之年.

strive
[straiv; straiv] v (pt strove/strEuv; strov] , pp striven[5strivn; 5strivEn] ) (fml 文) 1 [Ipr, It] ~ (for/after sth) try very hard (to obtain or achieve sth) （为获得或实现某事物）努力, 奋斗: * strive for success 力争获得 成功 * strive to improve one's performance 努力提高演技. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (against/with sb/sth) carry on aconflict; struggle 进行斗争; 争斗: * strive against oppression,the enemy 反抗压迫、 抗击敌人.

stroboscope
[5strEubEskEup; 5strobE7skop] n instrumentthat produces a rapidly flashing bright light 频闪观测仪. > stroboscopic[7strEubE'skCpik; 7strobE'skapik] adj. 复合： `strobe light (also strobe) light that flashes rapidly on and off 频闪灯: disco dancers lit by strobe lights 在频闪灯照射下跳迪斯科舞的人.

strode
pt of stride.

stroke
1[strEuk; strok] n 1 (a) act or process of striking; blow 击; 打; 打击: * kill sb with one stroke of a sword 一剑劈死某人 * 20 strokes with a whip 鞭打20下. (b) (sport 体) (in tennis, golf, etc) act of striking a ball; (in golf) this used as a unit of scoring （网球、 高尔夫球等）击球动作; （高尔夫球）得分的一击: * a forehand stroke 正手击球 * a graceful stroke with the bat 用拍击球的一个优美动作 * She won by two strokes. 她两次击球得分获胜.2 (a) any of a series of repeated movements, esp in swimming or rowing 一连串反覆动作中的一次; （尤指游泳或划船的）一次划水: * long powerful strokes 有力的长划动作 * a fast/slow stroke, ie in rowing 快[慢]划（划船）. (b) (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) style of stroke in swimming 游泳姿势; 游法: * do (the) breast-stroke, back-stroke, etc 进行蛙泳、 仰泳等 * Which stroke are you best at? 你最擅长哪一种游法? 3 (in a rowing crew) oarsman who sits nearest the stern of a racing boat, and sets the speed of the strokes （划船者中的）尾桨手（位於船尾, 掌握划速）. Cf 参看 bow3 2. 4 ~ of sth single successful or effective action or occurrence (of the specified kind) （某类型的）一次成功或有效的行动或事情: * Your idea was a stroke of genius! 你的主意真了不起! * It was a stroke of luck that I found you here. 我在这里碰见你真是运气. * Various strokes of misfortune led to his ruin. 他遭诸多不幸而一蹶不振. 5 (mark made by a) single movement of a pen or brush （钢笔、 毛笔等的）一笔, 笔画: * thin/thick strokes 细[粗]笔画 * with a stroke of the pen 用笔一挥 * put the finishing strokes to a painting 画上最後几笔. 6 sound made by a bell or clock striking the hours （报时的）铃声或钟声: * on the stroke of three, ie at three o'clock exactly 钟鸣叁响（叁时正）. 7 (medical 医) sudden attack of illness in the brain that can cause loss of the power to move, speak clearly, etc 中风; 卒中:

stroke1
* The stroke left him paralysed on one side of his body. 他因患中风而致半身不遂. Cf 参看 apoplexy. 8 (idm 习语) at a/one `stroke with a single immediate action 一下子; 一举: * They threatened to cancel the whole project at a stroke. 他们扬言要一下子取消整个项目. not do a stroke (of work) not do any work 什麽工作都不做: * We'll have to get rid of him he never does a stroke. 我们得把他弄走--他什麽活儿都不干. put sb off his `stroke cause sb to falter, hesitate, etc in what he is doing 使某人行事动摇、 犹豫等: * My speech went quite well until I was put off my stroke by the interruption. 我起初讲得很顺利, 可是受到干扰後就结巴起来了. 派生： stroke v 1 [Tn] act as a stroke1(3) to (a boat or crew) 当...的尾桨手. 2 [Tn.pr, Tn.p] strike (a ball) 击（球）: stroked the ball cleverly past her opponent 她巧妙地一击把球打过对手.

stroll
[strEul; strol] n slow leisurely walk 散步; 漫步; 闲逛; 溜达: * go for/have a stroll 去散步. 派生： stroll v [I, Ipr, Ip] walk in a slow leisurely way 散步; 漫步; 闲逛; 溜达: strolling (around) in the park 在公园（各处）溜达 * He strolls in and out as he pleases. 他随意地出来进去闲逛. stroller n 1 person who strolls 散步者; 闲逛者. 2 (esp US) = push-chair (push2).

strong
[strCN; - strC:N; strCN] adj (-er[-NgE(r); -Ngl] , -est[-Ngist; -Ngist] ) 1 (a) not easily broken, hurt, injured, captured, etc; solid and sturdy 不易破坏、 损坏、 伤害、 捕获等的; 坚固的; 强壮的: * a strong stick, fort, structure 结实的手杖、 堡垒、 构造 * feel quite strong again, ie in good health after an illness 觉得完全康复了 * The chair wasn't strong enough and it broke when he sat on it. 这把椅子不够结实, 他一坐上去就散架了. * We need strong defences against the enemy. 我们需要建立强大的防御力量以抗击敌人. * We still have a strong chance of winning. 我们仍很有希望获胜. (b) having great power, esp of the body 强有力的（尤指身体）: * strong muscles 强健的肌肉 * a strong country, ie one with a large army, etc 强国（拥有大量军队等的） * an actor with a strong voice 嗓音洪亮的男演员 * strong enough to lift a piano alone 力气大得能独自搬起钢琴. (c) done or happening with great power 用力的; 强劲的: * a strong push, blow 有力的一推、 一击 * play a strong shot, eg in tennis 用力一击（如网球赛中）. 2 (a) (of emotions, opinions, etc) that can resist influence （指感情、 观点等）能抵御外来影响的, 坚定的, 不动摇的: * strong will, belief, determination 坚强的意志、 信念、 决心 * have strong nerves, ie be not easily frightened, worried, etc 有非凡的勇气. (b) that can exert great influence 能发挥巨大影响力的: * a strong conviction, protest 坚定的信仰、 强烈的抗议 * a strong personality 很强的个性 * strong leadership 坚强的领导 * There is strong (ie convincing) evidence of her guilt. 她的罪证确凿. (c) [attrib 作定语] (of a person) convinced; determined （指人）有坚定信仰的, 有决心的: * a strong believer, supporter 坚定的信徒、 支持者. 3 moving quickly 快速移动的:

strong1
* a strong wind, current, etc 强风、 急流. 4 (a) (capable of) having a great effect on the senses; intense or powerful （能）产生强烈的感官效果的; 强烈的; 有力的: * a strong light, colour 强光、 浓重的颜色 * a strong feeling of nausea 很强烈的厌恶感 * Her breath is rather strong, ie has an unpleasant smell. 她口臭很重. (b) having a lot of flavour 味浓的: * strong tea, cheese, etc 酽茶、 味重的乾酪 * a strong taste of garlic 强烈的蒜味. (c) (of a drink) containing much alcohol （指酒）酒精含量高的, 烈性的: * Whisky is stronger than beer. 威士忌比啤酒度数大. 5 (of a person) effective; skilful; able （指人）工作效率高的, 有技巧的, 能干的: * a strong candidate for a job, ie one who is likely to get it 极有可能被录用的人 * a pupil who is strong in physics but weak in English 物理好而英语差的学生. 6 (after numbers 用於数词之後) having the specified number 有某数量的: * an army 5000 strong/a 5000-strong army 一支5000人的军队. 7 (commerce 商) (a) rising steadily 稳步上升的: * strong prices, share values, etc 坚挺的价格、 股票价值等 * The stock market is stronger now, ie People are more willing to buy shares, etc. 股票行情现在看涨（买者踊跃）. (b) (of a currency) having a high value in relation to other currencies （指某货币）较为坚挺的: * Is the pound strong or weak (against the yen) at the moment? 目前英镑（对日元）是坚挺还是疲软? 8 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (grammar) (a) (of a verb) forming the past tense by a vowel change (eg sing, sang), not by adding -d, -ed or -t （指动词）强的, 不规则的（用元音变化而不用添加词尾d、 ed或t的方法构成过去式的, 如sing、 sang）. (b) (of the pronunciation of some words) that is the version used when the word is stressed （指某些字的读音）强式的:

strong2
* The strong form of `and' is/nd; And] . *and一字的强式读音为/And/. 9 [pred 作表语] (infml 口 esp Brit) not to be tolerated, believed, etc 难以容忍、 无法相信等: * It was a bit strong of him to call me a liar in front of the whole department. 他当着全体同事的面说我撒谎, 未免太过分了. 10 (idm 习语) be strong on sth be good at sth or doing sth 擅长某事物的; 善於做某事的: * I'm not very strong on dates. 我不善於和异性朋友约会. one's best/strongest card => card1. going `strong (infml 口) continuing (a race, an activity, etc) vigorously; continuing to be healthy 精力充沛地继续（赛跑、 活动等）; 依然健壮: * She's 91 years old and still going strong. 她已91岁了, 仍然很健康. * The runner is still going strong on the last lap. 那个赛跑运动员在跑最後一圈时仍然劲头很足. (as) strong as a `horse/an `ox having great physical strength; able to do heavy work 体壮如马的; 力大如牛的. one's/sb's strong `point/`suit thing that one/sb does well 自己[某人]所擅长的事物: * Don't ask me to add up the bill: * arithmetic isn't my strong point. 别叫我算帐单, 我的算术可不怎麽样. a strong stomach ability not to feel nausea 不感 到恶心: * You have to have a strong stomach to watch animals being slaughtered. 要想看宰杀动物, 得看着不恶心才行. > strongly adv: * strongly built 体格健壮的 * a light shining strongly 很明亮的灯 * a strongly-worded protest 措辞激烈的抗议 * She finished the race strongly. 她很有毅力地跑完了全程. * I feel strongly that..., ie I firmly believe that... 我坚信.... 复合： `strong-arm adj [attrib 作定语] using violence 使用暴力的: use strong-arm methods, tactics, etc 采用强制方法、 策略等. `strong-box n sturdy box for keeping valuable things in 保险箱; 保险柜.

strong3
`stronghold n 1 fort 堡垒; 要塞. 2 (fig 比喻) place where there is much support for a cause, etc 某事业备受支持的地方; 据点; 根据地: a stronghold of republicanism 共和运动的据点. ,strong `language (euph 婉) language containing curses and swearing 骂人的话. ,strong-`minded adj having a determined mind 意志坚强的; 有决心的. `strong-room n room, eg in a bank, with thick walls and a sturdy door, where valuables are kept （银行等中放置贵重物品的）保险库.

strontium
[5strCntiEm; - -nFiEm; 5stranFiEm] n [U] chemical element, a soft silver-white metal 锶. =>App 10 见附录10. 复合： strontium `90 radioactive form of strontium found in the fall-out from nuclear explosions and extremely harmful to people and animals when taken into the body 锶90（锶的放射性同位素）.

strop
[strCp; strap] n leather strap on which a razor is sharpened, or a machine used for the same purpose 磨剃刀的皮带或机器. 派生： strop v (-pp-) [Tn] sharpen (a razor) on a strop 在皮带或打磨机上磨（剃刀）.

stroppy
[5strCpi; 5strapi] adj (-ier, -iest) (Brit sl 俚) (of a person) awkward to deal with; bad-tempered （指人）难对付的, 脾气坏的: * Don't get stroppy with me it's not my fault! 别对我发火--那不是我的错!

strove
pt of strive.

struck
pt, pp of strike.

structuralism
[5strQktFErElizEm; 5strQktFErE7lizEm] n [U] method of analysing a subject (eg social sciences, psychology, language, literature), which concentrates on the structure of a system and the relations between its elements, rather than on the function of those elements 结构主义（社会科学、 心理学、 语言学、 文学等学科采用的研究方法, 注重系统中的结构及其各成分间的关系而并非各成分的功能）. 派生： structuralist[-rElist; -rElist] adj [esp attrib 尤作定语]: * a structuralist approach, analysis 结构主义的方法、 分析法. n person who uses structuralist methods 结构主义者.

structure
[5strQktFE(r); 5strQktFl] n 1 [U, C] way in which sth is put together, organized, built, etc 结构; 构造: * the structure of the human body 人体的构造 * rules of sentence structure 句子的结构规则 * the company's management structure 公司的管理机构 * molecular structure 分子的结构. 2 [C] anything made of many parts; any complex whole; building 有结构的事物; 复杂的整体; 建 物: * The model is an odd-looking structure of balls and rods. 这个模型是由球和杆组成的结构, 样子很奇特. * The Parthenon is a magnificent structure. 帕台农神庙是一座宏伟的建 物. 派生： structure v [Tn] give a structure to (sth); plan or organize 使（某事物）形成结构; 计画; 组织: structure one's day, life, career 安排自己的一天、 生活、 职业 * an intelligently structured essay 结构巧妙的文章. structural[5strQktFErEl; 5strQktFErEl] adj [usu attrib通常作定语] of a structure or the framework of a structure 结构（上）的; 构架（上）的: * structural alterations to a building, eg removing internal walls to make rooms bigger 建 物结构上的改变（如拆掉隔墙以加大房间面积）. structurally[-ErEli; -ErEli] adv: * The building is structurally sound. 这座建 物结构很坚固.

strudel
[5stru:dl; 5strudl] n [C, U] type of cake made of sweetened fruit, etc rolled up in thin pastry and baked 果馅卷饼: * a slice of apple strudel 一块苹果馅卷饼.

struggle
[5strQgl; 5strQgl] v 1 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (with sb) fight (with sb) （与某人）争斗, 搏斗, 打斗: * two boys struggling (together) （在一起）扭打着的两个男孩 * The shopkeeper struggled with the thief. 店主与那窃贼搏斗起来. (b) [I, Ipr, Ip, It] ~ (against/with sb/sth) move one's body vigorously, eg trying to get free 挣扎: * The prisoner struggled (against his captors) but couldn't escape. 那囚犯挣扎着（要摆脱那些逮他的人）, 却未能逃脱. * She struggled to get away from her attacker. 她挣扎着想摆脱那个侵犯她的人. 2 [I, Ipr, It] ~ (against/with sb/sth) (for sth) try to overcome difficulties, etc; make great efforts 斗争; 拼搏; 奋斗; 努力: * struggle with a problem, one's conscience 同困难作斗争、 与自己的良心搏斗 * The two leaders are struggling for power. 那两个领导人正在争夺权力. * We must struggle against this prejudice for a more tolerant attitude to our beliefs. 我们必须努力克服这种偏见, 从而在信仰上采取更为宽容的态度. * I'm struggling to finish the huge helping you gave me. 你给我添的这麽多吃的, 我得尽力把它吃完. 3 [Ipr, Ip] make one's way with difficulty (in the specified direction) 艰难地（朝某方向）行进: * The chick finally broke through the shell and struggled out (of it). 小鸡终於破开蛋壳, 挣扎着（从中）钻了出来. 4 (phr v) struggle along/on manage to survive in spite of great difficulties 勉强生存下去: * We're struggling along on a tiny income. 我们依靠极少的收入过活. 派生： struggle n 1 fight 打斗; 格斗; 搏斗; 战斗; 斗争: a fierce struggle between two wrestlers 两名摔交运动员之间的激烈搏斗 * a power struggle 权力斗争 * the class struggle 阶级斗争 * We will not surrender without a struggle. 我们绝不会不战而降. 2 (usu sing 通常作单数) great effort 努力; 奋斗: After a long struggle, she gained control of the business. 她经过长期的努力, 在业务上已能应付自如.

strum
[strQm; strQm] v (-mm-) [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn] ~ (on sth) play (a stringed instrument), esp rather unskilfully or monotonously 演奏（弦乐器）（尤指不很熟练或单调乏味）: * strumming (away) on my guitar （我）胡乱拨弄着吉他 * strum a tune on the banjo 用班卓琴乱弹一曲.

strumpet
[5strQmpit; 5strQmpit] n (arch or joc derog 古或谑, 贬) female prostitute 妓女; 婊子.

strung
pt, pp of string2. 复合： strung up[7strQN 'Qp; 7strQN 'Qp] nervously tense or excited 神经紧张的; 激动的: * I get very strung up before an exam. 我临考试前紧张得不得了.

strut
1[strQt; strQt] n rod or bar placed in a framework to strengthen and brace it （框架的）支 , 支柱, 支撑物.

strychnine
[5strikni:n; 5striknin] n [U] poisonous substance used in very small doses to stimulate the nerves 士的宁, 马钱子瞏（有毒, 微量可作兴奋剂）.

stub
[stQb; stQb] n 1 short end piece or stump remaining from a pencil, cigarette or similarly-shaped object; butt （铅笔、 香烟等物的）残段, 残端; 铅笔头; 烟蒂: * The crayon had been worn down to a stub. 这枝蜡笔用得只剩一小段了. * The dog only has a stub of a tail, ie a very short one. 这条狗的尾巴很短. 2 counterfoil 票根; 存根: * fill in a cheque stub 填写支票的存根. 派生： stub v (-bb-) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (against/on sth) strike (esp one's toe) accidentally against sth hard 使（尤指脚趾）碰到某物: I've stubbed my toe on a rock. 我的脚趾碰到石头上了. 2 (phr v) stub sth out extinguish (esp a cigarette) by pressing it against sth hard （在硬物上）碾灭（尤指香烟）.

stubble
[5stQbl; 5stQbl] n [U] 1 short ends of grain stalks left in the ground after harvesting 作物收割後遗留在地里的残茎; 茬子. 2 short stiff hairs of a beard 短而硬的胡茬子: * three days' stubble on his chin 他下巴上叁天未刮的胡茬子. 派生： stubbly[5stQbli; 5stQbli] adj of or like stubble （似）茬子的: * a stubbly beard, chin 短硬的胡茬子、 长满胡茬子的下巴.

stubborn
[5stQbEn; 5stQbln] adj 1 (often derog 常作贬义) determined not to give way; strong-willed; obstinate 不退让的; 倔强的; 固执的; 顽固的: * be too stubborn to apologize 硬是不肯道歉 * show stubborn resistance to change 对改革采取顽抗态度. 2 difficult to move, remove, cure, etc 难以移动、 去除、 医治等的: * You'll have to push hard, that door is a bit stubborn. 你得用力推才行, 那门不大好开. * a stubborn cough that has lasted for weeks 已持续几周难以治愈的咳嗽. 3 (idm 习语) obstinate/stubborn as a mule => mule1. > stubbornly adv: * stubbornly refuse to do it 顽固地拒绝做那件事. stubbornness n [U].

stubby
[5stQbi; 5stQbi] adj (-ier, -iest) short and thick 短而粗的: * stubby fingers 又短又粗的手指 * a stubby tail 短而粗的尾巴.

stucco
[5stQkEu; 5stQko] n [U] plaster or cement used for covering or decorating walls or ceilings （涂饰墙壁或天花板用的）灰泥. > stuccoed adj.

stuck
up

stud
1[stQd; stQd] n 1 (a) small two-headed button-like device put through buttonholes to fasten a collar, shirt-front, etc （两端突起的）领扣, 饰钮（衬衫前面用的）. (b) piece of jewellery (esp an ear-ring) consisting of a precious stone, etc attached to a small bar （镶有宝石等并有一条小棍连着的）首饰; （尤指）耳环: * diamond studs in her ears 她耳朵上戴的钻石耳环. 2 (a) large-headed nail or knob (usu one of many) on the surface of sth (eg a gate or a shield) as an ornament 饰钉, 大头钉（如钉在门、 盾等上的）. (b) small round knob on the sole of a shoe or boot, to allow it to grip better 鞋钉（鞋靴底部的, 用以增加附着力）: * the studs on a football boot 足球靴的靴钉. 派生： stud v (-dd-) [Tn, Tn.pr usu passive 通常用於被动语态] ~ sth (with sth) decorate (a surface) with many studs, precious stones, etc 用许多饰钮、 饰钉、 宝石等装饰（某物表面）: millions of stars studding the night sky 布满夜空的繁星 * a crown studded with jewels 镶满宝石的皇冠 * a sea studded with small islands 有许多小岛的大海.

student
[5stju:dnt; - 'stu:-; 5studnt] n 1 (a) person who is studying for a degree, diploma, etc at a university or some other place of higher education or technical training 大学生; 专科学校学生: * a BA student 修读文学士学位的大学生 * a medical student 医科学生 * [attrib 作定语] a student nurse, teacher, etc 实习的护士、 教师等 * student politics 大学生的政治活动. (b) (esp US) boy or girl at school 中学生; 小学生. 2 ~ of sth (fml 文) person who is studying or has a particular interest in sth 研究者; 学者: * a student of politics, human nature, theology 研究政治学、 人性、 神学的学者.

studied
[5stQdid; 5stQdid] adj carefully considered; intentional; deliberate 审慎考虑的; 有意的; 蓄意的: * reply with studied indifference 故作冷漠的回答 * the studied slowness of his movements 他那故意作出的慢吞吞的动作.

studio
[5stju:diEu; - 'stu:-; 5studi7o] n (pl ~s) 1 work-room of a painter, sculptor, photographer, etc （画家、 雕塑家、 摄影师等的）工作室, 画室, 雕塑室, 摄影室, 照相馆. 2 room from which radio or television programmes are regularly broadcast or in which recordings are made （电台或电视的）播音室, 演播室, 录制室: * [attrib 作定语] a studio audience, ie an audience in a studio, to provide applause, laughter, etc 录制现场的观众（提供掌声、 笑声等效果的）. 3 (a) place where cinema films are acted and photographed （电影）摄影棚. (b) (usu pl通常作复数) cinema company, including all its buildings, offices, etc 电影公司; 电影制片厂: * [attrib 作定语] a studio executive 电影公司经理. 复合： studio `couch couch that can be converted into a bed （坐卧两用的）长沙发, 沙发床. `studio flat (Brit) (also esp US studio a`partment) small flat, usu having a main room for living and sleeping in, with a small kitchen and a bathroom 单间公寓（通常有一主要房间兼作起居室和卧室, 另加小厨房和浴室）; 独单元住宅.

studious
[5stju:diEs; - 'stu:-; 5studiEs] adj 1 spending a lot of time studying 勤於学习的; 好学的; 用功的: * a studious pupil 用功的学生. 2 [esp attrib 尤作定语] (fml 文) showing great carefulness; deliberate 仔细的; 用心的; 故意的: * the studious checking of details 仔细查对细节 * with studious politeness 故作有礼. > studiously adv. studiousness n [U].

study
1[5stQdi; 5stQdi] n 1 [U] (also studies [pl]) process of gaining knowledge of a subject, esp from books 学习; （尤指）读书; 研究: * fond of study 好学 * give all one's spare time to study 把业馀时间全用於学习 * My studies show that... 我经研究得出结论... * [attrib 作定语] study time 学习时间. 2 [C] (a) (book, etc that is the result of an) investigation of a subject 研究; 研究成果; 作为研究成果的着作等: * make a study of the country's export trade 研究该国的出口贸易 * publish a study of Locke's philosophy 发表研究洛克哲学思想的论述. (b) (usu pl 通常作复数) subject that is (to be) investigated 研究科目; 学科; 课题: * scientific, legal studies 科学方面的、 法律方面的研究课题. 3 [C] room, esp in sb's home, used for reading and writing 书房（尤指家中的）. 4 [C] (a) drawing, etc done for practice, esp before doing a larger picture （绘画等）习作; （尤指绘制大幅图画之前的）试画. (b) (music 音) composition designed to give a player exercise in technical skills 练习曲. 5 a study [sing] thing worth observing; unusual sight 值得注意的事物; 不寻常的景象: * His face was a study as he listened to their amazing news. 他听到他们那令人吃惊的消息时, 脸上呈现异样的表情. 6 (idm 习语) in a brown study => brown.

stuff
1[stQf; stQf] n 1 [U] material of which sth is made 原料; 材料: * What stuff is this jacket made of? 这件甲克是用什麽料子做的? * A kind of plastic stuff is used to make the plates. 这些盘子是用一种塑料制造的. * (fig 比喻) Real life is the stuff (ie subject-matter) of all good novels. 现实生活是所有优秀小说的题材. * (fig 比喻) We must find out what stuff he is made of, ie what sort of man he is, what his character is. 我们得弄清楚他为人怎样. 2 [U] (sl 俚) unnamed things, belongings, activities, subject-matter, etc 东西、 财物、 活动、 题材等: * Leave your stuff in the hall. 把你的东西放在门厅里. * This book is really boring stuff. 这本书真是枯燥无味. * Do you call this stuff beer? 你把这东西叫做啤酒吗? * There has been some really good stuff on TV lately. 近来电视上有些节目确实不错. 3 (idm 习语) a bit of stuff=> bit1. do one's `stuff (infml 口) show what one can do, etc 显身手: * It's your turn to sing now, so do your stuff. 现在轮到你唱了, 露一手吧. hot stuff => hot. know one's onions/stuff => know. ,stuff and `nonsense interj (dated infml 旧, 口) (used to dismiss sth that has been said 用以驳斥说过的话): * Stuff and nonsense! You don't know what you're talking about. 胡说八道! 你说得太不像话了. ,that's the `stuff! (infml 口) that is good or what is needed 这就对啦; 这才是需要的.

stuffy
[5stQfi; 5stQfi] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 (of a room, etc) not having much fresh air （指房间等）通风不良的, 闷人的: * a smoky, stuffy pub 烟雾弥漫、 空气污浊的酒馆. 2 (infml 口) (of a person or thing) formal and dull; prim; staid （指人或事物）一本正经的, 古板的, 拘谨的: * a stuffy newspaper, club, legal practice 沉闷乏味的报纸、 俱乐部、 司法工作 * Only the stuffier members were shocked by her jokes. 只有那些脑筋旧的人才认为她说的笑话令人吃惊. 3 (infml 口) (of the nose) blocked so that breathing is difficult; stuffed up （指鼻子）不通的, 堵塞的. > stuffily[-ili; -Eli] adv. stuffiness n [U].

stultify
[5stQltifai; 5stQltE7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn] (fml 文) 1 cause (sth) to be ineffective or seem absurd; negate 使（某事物）不起作用或显得荒谬; 使无效: * Their unhelpfulness has stultified our efforts to improve things. 他们不管事, 我们为改进工作的用心也就白费了. 2 cause (sb) to feel dull, bored, etc 使（某人）感觉迟钝、 厌烦等: * the stultifying effect of work that never varies 毫无变化的工作使人产生的厌倦感. > stultification/ 9stQltIfI5keIFn; 9stQltEfE`keFEn/ n [U].

stumble
[5stQmbl; 5stQmbl] v [I, Ipr] 1 ~ (over sth) strike one's foot against sth and almost fall 绊脚: * stumble and fall 绊倒 * I stumbled over a tree root. 树根绊了我的脚. 2 ~ (over sth); ~ through sth make a mistake or mistakes as one speaks, plays music, etc （说话、 演奏等）出错: * She stumbled briefly (over the unfamiliar word) but then continued. 她（碰到不认识的字）愣了一下, 接着又往下念. * The child stumbled through a piece by Chopin. 那孩子演奏萧邦的曲子很不流畅. 3 (phr v) stumble about, along, around, etc move or walk unsteadily (in the specified direction) （朝某方向）摇摇晃晃地移动或步履蹒跚: * A drunk stumbled past us. 有个喝醉的人跌跌撞撞地从我们身边走过. * stumbling around in the dark 在黑暗中瞎闯. =>Usage at shuffle 用法见shuffle. stumble across/on sb/sth find sb/sth unexpectedly or by chance 意外地或偶然地发现某人[某事物]: * Police investigating tax fraud stumbledacross a drugs ring. 警方在调查瞒税案件时意外地发现了一个贩毒集团. 派生： stumble n act of stumbling 绊脚; 出错. 复合： `stumbling-block n thing that causes difficulty or hesitation; obstacle 造成困难或引起疑虑的事物; 障碍物; 绊脚石: The failure to agree on manning levels is a major stumbling-block to progress in the talks. 人员配备情况未能达成协议是会谈进行中的主要障碍.

stump
[stQmp; stQmp] n 1 part of a tree left in the ground after the rest has fallen or been cut down 树桩; 树墩. 2 (a) anything similar that remains after the main part has been cut or broken off, or worn down 残馀部分; 残段; 残根: * the stump of a pencil, cigar, tooth 铅笔头、 雪茄烟蒂、 牙的残根. (b) remaining part of an amputated limb 残肢. 3 (in cricket) any of the three short upright poles at which the ball is bowled （板球）叁柱门的一柱: * the leg/middle/off stump 叁柱门的尾[中/头]柱. =>illus at cricket 见cricket插图. 4 (idm 习语) draw stumps => draw2. stir one's stumps => stir1. 派生： stump v 1 [Ipr, Ip] walk stiffly or noisily 僵直地行走; 跺步而行: They stumped up the hill. 他们举步困难地登上这座山. * He stumped out in fury. 他怒气冲冲地跺脚往外走. =>Usage 见所附用法. 2 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (infml 口) be too difficult for (sb); puzzle 把（某人）难住; 使为难: I'm stumped: I just don't know what to do. 我很为难, 简直不知如何是好. * Everybody was stumped by the problem. 大家都被这个问题难住了. 3 [Tn] (esp US) go around (a region) making political speeches, eg before an election 在（某地区）作政治性巡回演说（如在选举前）. 4 [Tn] (of a wicket-keeper in cricket) end the innings of (a batsman) by touching the stumps with the ball while he is out of his crease(3) （指板球赛的守门员）以球触叁柱门的柱使（击球员）出局. 5 (phr v) stump up (sth) (for sth) (infml 口) pay (a sum of money) 付出（一笔钱）: I'm always being asked to stump up (extra cash) for school outings. 总是要求我为学校郊游付（额外的）钱. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Stump, stomp, plod, trudge and tramp all indicate styles of walking with heavy steps. *stump、 stomp、 plod、 trudge、 tramp均指落脚很重的步行方式. Stump and stomp can both suggest making a noise while walking in order to show anger *stump和stomp二者均可含有跺脚行走之意, 表示气愤: He slammed the door and stumped/stomped upstairs. 他砰的一声把门关上, 暮暮地上楼去了. Additionally, stump can indicate walking with stiff legs 此外, stump还可指两腿发僵地行走: stumping up the garden path 两腿发僵在花园小道上走着. Stomp can suggest clumsy and noisy walking or dancing *stomp可指行走或跳舞时笨拙或发出响声: He looked funny stomping round the dance floor. 他在舞池里跺着舞步, 样子很可笑. Plod and trudge indicate a slow, weary walk towards a particular destination. *plod和

stump1
trudge指以缓慢、 疲倦的步子向目的地走去. Plod suggests a steady pace and trudge suggests greater effort *plod有稳步行进之意, trudge指举步更为艰难: They had to plod wearily on up the hill. 他们不得不迈着疲倦的步子登上山. * We trudged home through deep snow. 我们踏着很深的积雪, 吃力地走回家. Tramp indicates walking over long distances, possibly with no specified destination *tramp指走长路, 可能并无确定目的地: They tramped the streets, looking for somewhere to stay the night. 他们在街头游荡, 寻找过夜的地方.

stumpy
[5stQmpi; 5stQmpi] adj (-ier, -iest) short and thick 短而粗的: * a stumpy little man 敦实的男子 * stumpy legs 短而粗的腿. > stumpiness n [U].

stun
[stQn; stQn] v 1 [Tn] (-nn-) make (a person or an animal) unconscious by a blow, esp to the head 将（人或动物）打昏（尤指打击头部）: * The punch stunned me for a moment. 那一拳把我打得昏了一阵. * She sat stunned for a while, until she recovered. 她一时昏迷, 坐下呆了一会才醒过来. 2 (fig 比喻) (a) [Tn] daze or shock (sb), eg with sth unexpected 使（某人）目瞪口呆或感到震惊: * I was stunned by the news of his death. 我得知他的死讯十分震惊. (b) [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] impress(sb) greatly 给（某人）以深刻的印象: * stunned by her beauty, cleverness, etc 赞叹她美丽、 聪明等. 派生： stunner n (infml 口) person, esp a woman, who is very attractive 极有魅力的人（尤指女子）. stunning adj (infml 口) (a) impressive; splendid 了不起的; 出色的: You look stunning in your new suit. 你穿着这套新衣服真漂亮. * What a stunning idea! 多好的主意呀! (b) surprising or shocking 令人惊奇的; 令人震惊的: a stunning revelation 惊人的新发现. stunningly adv.

stung
pt, pp of sting2.

stunk
pp of stink1.

stunt
1[stQnt; stQnt] n (infml 口) (a) thing done to attract attention 引人注意的举动: * a publicity stunt 宣传噱头 * pull (ie perform) a stunt 做惊人之举. (b) dangerous or difficult thing done as entertainment 特技表演: * Her latest stunt is riding a motor cycle through a ring of flames. 她的最新特技表演是骑摩托车钻火圈. * [attrib 作定语] stunt flying, ie aerobatics 特技飞行. 复合： `stunt man (fem 阴性作 `stunt woman) person who does dangerous stunts in place of an actor in a film, etc （电影等中代替演员做危险动作的）替身演员.

stupefy
[5stju:pifai; - 'stu:-; 5stupE7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: * Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (with sth) 1 dull the mind or senses of (sb) 使（某人）神志不清或失去知觉: * stupefied with drink 醉得迷迷糊糊 * (fig 比喻) the stupefying boredom of this repetitive work 这种重复性工作造成的昏沉乏味之感. 2 overcome (sb) with astonishment; amaze 使（某人）大为惊奇; 使目瞪口呆: * I was stupefied by what I read. 我读到的内容把我惊呆了. 派生： stupefaction[7stju:pi'fAkFn; - 7stu:-; 7stupE'fAkFEn] n [U] (fml 文) state of being stupefied 神志不清; 失去知觉; 大为惊奇; 目瞪口呆.

stupendous
[stju:'pendEs; - stu:-; stu'pendEs] adj amazingly large, impressive, good, etc 极大的; 极感人的; 极好的: * a stupendous mistake, achievement 极大的错误、 成就 * The opera was quite stupendous! 这部歌剧很精彩! > stupendously adv.

stupid
[5stju:pid; - 'stu:; 5stupid] adj (-er, -est) 1 (a) slow to learn or understand things; not intelligent or clever 笨的; 头脑迟钝的: * a stupid person, dog 笨人、 笨狗. (b) showing lack of good judgement; foolish 愚蠢的; 傻的: * a stupid plan, idea, remark 愚蠢的计画、 想法、 言语 * What a stupid thing to do! 这事做得多蠢! (c) [attrib 作定语] (infml 口) (used dismissively or to show irritation 用以表示轻蔑或气恼): * I don't want to hear your stupid secret anyway! 我根本不想听你那无聊的秘密. * This stupid car won't start. 这辆破汽车就是发动不起来. 2 [usu pred 通常作表语] ~ (with sth) (fml 文) in a stupor 昏迷; 不省人事: * stupid with sleep 睡得头昏脑胀. 派生： stupidity/stju:'pidEti; - stu:-; stu'pidEti] n 1 [U] state of being stupid 笨; 愚蠢. 2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] stupid act, remark, etc 愚蠢的行为、 言语等: * the stupidities of schoolboy humour 男学童调皮的愚蠢言行. stupidly adv.

stupor
[5stju:pE(r); - 'stu:-; 5stupl] n [U, C usu sing 作不可数名词或可数名词, 後者通常作单数] condition of being dazed or nearly unconscious caused by shock, drugs, alcohol, etc （震惊、 药物、 酒精等造成的）昏迷, 不省人事, 神志不清: * in a drunken stupor 醉得昏迷不醒.

sturdy
[5stE:di; 5stEdi] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 (a) strong and solid 强壮的; 结实的: * a sturdy chair, structure, car 结实的椅子、 结构、 汽车. (b) fit and healthy 强健的; 健壮的: * a sturdy child, constitution 健康的孩子、 体格. 2 determined; firm; sound 坚决的; 坚强的; 坚定的; 健全的: * sturdy resistance to the plan 对该计画的坚决抵制 * sturdy common sense 扎实的常识. > sturdily[-ili; -ili] adv: * a sturdily built bicycle, man 结构结实的自行车、 体格强健的人. sturdiness n [U].

sturgeon
[5stE:dVEn; 5stEdVEn] n any of various types of large fish eaten as food, and from which caviare is obtained 鲟（体大, 可食用, 卵可制鱼子酱）.

stutter
[5stQtE(r); 5stQtl] v [I, Tn, Tn.p] = stammer. 派生： stutterer[5stQtErE(r); 5stQtErl] n person who stutters口吃的人; 说话结巴的人. stutteringly[5stQtEriNli; 5stQtEriNli] adv.

sty
1[stai; stai] n = pigsty (pig).

Stygian
[5stidViEn; 5stidViEn] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (fml 文) very dark; gloomy 黑 的; 阴森的: * the Stygianblackness of the night 漆黑的夜晚.

style
[stail; stail] n 1 [C, U] (a) manner of writing or speaking, esp contrasted with what is actually written or said （语言或文字的）风格, 文风, 文体: * She's a very popular writer but I just don't like her style. 她是很受欢迎的作家, 但我就是不喜欢她的文风. * write in housestyle, ie following the manner of spelling and punctuation,etc used by a particular publishing company 按出版社要求的格式写作（符合某出版社在拼写法及标点符号等方面的要求） * a style of speech-making that is easy to listen to 通俗易懂的演讲方式. (b) manner that is typical of a particular writer, artist, etc or of a particular literary, artistic, etc period （某作家、 艺术家或某文艺时期的）独特风格: * a poem in classical style 古典风格的诗歌 * a building in Gothic, Romanesque, Tudor, etc style 歌特、 罗马、 都铎...式建 物 * the architectural styles of ancient Greece 古希腊的建 风格. 2 [C, U] manner of doing anything 行为方式; 作风: * a typically British style of living 典型的英国生活方式 * a very unusual style of swimming 非常独特的游泳姿式 * American-style hamburgers 美式汉堡包 * I like your style, ie the way you do things. 我喜欢你做事的方法. 3 [U] superior or fashionable quality of sb or sth; distinctiveness 风度; 格调; 气派: * She performs the songs with style and flair. 她演唱歌曲既有风度又有才华. * The piano gives the room a touch of style. 这架钢琴把房间衬托得很有气派. 4 (a) [C, U] fashion in dress, etc （服装等的）款式, 流行式样: * the latest styles in trousers, hats, shoes, etc 裤子、 帽子、 鞋等的最新式样 * have a good sense of style 很有格调. (b) [C] way in which sth is made, shaped, etc; design; type 样式; 花样; 型式: * a very short hair-style 很短的发型 * We have vases in various styles. 我们有各种各样的花瓶. 5 [C] (fml 文) correct title for use when addressing sb 称谓; 称号:

style1
* Has he any right to use the style of Colonel? 他有资格使用上校头衔吗? 6 [C] (botany 植) narrow extension of the seed-bearing part of a plant （植物的）花柱. 7 (idm 习语) cramp sb's style => cramp2.in (great, grand, etc) style in a grand or elegant way 有气派（的）; 有风度（的）: * dine in style 很高雅地进餐 * We arrived in fine style in a hired limousine. 我们很气派地乘坐出租的豪华汽车到达那里. (not/more) sb's style what sb likes （非[较合乎]）某人之所好: * Big cars are not my style. 我不喜欢大的汽车. * I don't like opera; chamber music is more my style. 我不爱看歌剧, 喜欢听室内乐. 派生： style v 1 [Tn, Cn.a] design, shape or make (sth) in a particular (esp fashionable) style 将（某物）设计、 塑 造或制作成某种（尤指时新的）式样: style sb's hair (shorter) 给某人设计（短）发型. 2 [Tn, Cn.n] (fml 文) give a style(5) to (sb/oneself) 以某称号称呼（某人[自己]）: How should we style her? 我们应该怎样称呼她呢? * Should he be styled `Mr' or `Reverend'? 应该称呼他‘先生’还是‘牧师’? styling n [U] way in which sth is styled 款式; 式样: the car's brand-new styling 汽车的全新款式. stylish adj having style(3); fashionable 有风度的; 有气派的; 有格调的: stylish clothes, furniture 时髦的服装、 家具 * a stylish skier, dancer, etc 风度翩翩的滑雪的人、 跳舞的人等. stylishly adv: stylishly dressed 穿着入时的. stylishness n [U].

stylist
[5stailist; 5stailist] n 1 person, esp a writer, who has or tries to have a good or distinctive style 具有或追求优美或独特风格的人（尤指作家）. 2 person who styles(style v 1) things, eg clothes, hair 设计或制作时新款式或花样的人（如服装设计师、 发型师）: * a hair-stylist 发型师. 派生： stylistic/stai'listik; stai'listik] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of or concerning literary or artistic style （文学或艺术）风格上的, 与风格有关的: * make a stylistic comparison of the two paintings 对两幅画的风格进行比较. stylistically[-kli; -kli] adv. stylistics n [sing v] study of the style of spoken or written language and how it is used to create certain effects 风格学（对口语或书面语的风格及其运用技巧的研究）.

stylization, stylisation
[7stailai'zeiFn; - -li'z-; 7stailE'zeFEn] n [U]. stylized, -ised adj treated in a fixed conventional style 按固定的传统风格处理的: the highly stylized form of acting in Japanese theatre 日本戏剧中高度程式化的表演.

stylus
[5stailEs; 5stailEs] n 1 sharp needle tipped with diamond or sapphire, used to reproduce sound by resting in the groove of a record as it turns on a record-player （唱机的）宝石唱针. 2 (esp in ancient times) pointed tool for drawing or writing （尤指古代的）尖笔.

stymie
[5staimi; 5staimi] n 1 (in golf) situation on the green in which an opponent's ball is between one's own ball and the hole （高尔夫球）妨碍球, 阻碍球（自己的球与球穴之间有对方的球）. 2 (fig infml 比喻, 口) awkward or difficult situation 尴尬或困难的处境. 派生： stymie v (pt, pp stymied, pres p stymieing) 1 [Tn] (in golf) put (sb, sb's ball or oneself) in a stymie （高尔夫球）使（某人、 某人的球或自己）受对方球之阻碍. 2 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (fig infml 比喻, 口) prevent (sb) from doing sth; obstruct 妨碍（某人）做某事; 阻碍: I was completely stymied by her refusal to help. 由於她拒不相助, 我完全陷入了困境.

styptic
[5stiptik; 5stiptik] n, adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (substance) checking the flow of blood 止血的; 止血剂: * a styptic pencil, ie a stick of this, used eg on a cut made while shaving 止血笔（用止血剂制成的药棒, 如用於刮脸时划破之处）.

suave
[swa:v; swav] adj (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) (usu of a man) having self-confidence and smooth sophisticated manners （通常指男子）自信而老於世故的. > suavely adv. suaveness, suavity[-Eti; -Eti] ns [U].

sub
machine-gun

sub judice
[7sQb 'dVu:disi; sQb'dVudisi] (Latin 拉) (of a legal case) still being considered by a lawcourt (and therefore, in the UK, not to be commented on in a newspaper, etc) （指案件）正在审理（因此, 在英国, 不得在报刊等上发表评论）.

subaltern
[5sQbltEn; - sE'bC:ltErn; sEb'Cltln] n (Brit) any officer in the army below the rank of captain 陆军中低於上尉的军官; 陆军中尉或少尉.

subarctic
[7sQb'a:ktik; 7sQb'arktik] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of regions near the Arctic Circle 亚北极区的:,subarctic con`ditions, `temperatures 亚北极的环境、 温度. Cf 参看 subtropical.

subatomic
[7sQbE'tCmik; 7sQbE'tamik] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of or concerning particles that are smaller than atoms or occur in atoms 亚原子的; 与亚原子有关的; 原子内的: * subatomic theory, research 亚原子理论、 研究.

subcommittee
[5sQbkEmiti; 5sQbkE7miti] n committee formed for a special purpose from members of a main committee （由大委员会的委员组成的）小组委员会.

subconscious
[7sQb'kCnFEs; sQb'kanFEs] adj of or concerning the thoughts, instincts, fears, etc in the mind, of which one is not fully aware but which influence one's actions 下意识的; 潜意识的: * the subconscious self 潜意识的自我 * subconscious urges 下意识的冲动. Cf 参看 unconscious. 派生： the/one's subconscious n [sing] these thoughts, instincts, fears, etc 下意识; 潜意识. subconsciously adv: I suppose that, subconsciously, I was reacting against my unhappy childhood. 我认为我那是下意识地对我童年不幸的反动.

subcontinent
[7sQb'kCntinEnt; sQb'kantEnEnt] n large land mass that forms part of a continent 次大陆: * the Indian subcontinent 印度次大陆.

subcontract
[5sQbkCntrAkt; sQb'kantrAkt] n contract to carry out a part or all of an existing contract 分包合同; 转包契约. 派生： subcontract[7sQbkEn5trAkt; - -'kCntrAkt; 7sQb'kan-7trAkt] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) give (a job of work) to sb as a subcontract 将（工作任务）分包或转包给某人: * subcontract the installation of the shower to a plumber 把安装淋浴器的工作分包给水暖工. subcontractor/ 9sQbkEn5trktE(r); US - 5kCntrAk-; 9sQb`kBn9trAktL/ n person, company, etc that accepts and carries out a subcontract 分包人; 分包公司.

subculture
[5sQbkQltFE(r); 5sQb7kQltFl] n behaviour, practices, etc associated with a group within a society 亚文化（模式）（某社会内部一群体的行为、 习俗等）: * the teenage subculture 青少年的亚文化模式.

subcutaneous
[7sQbkju:'teiniEs; 7sQbkju'teniEs] adj [usuattrib 通常作定语] under the skin 皮下的: * subcutaneous fat 皮下脂肪 * a subcutaneous injection 皮下注射. > subcutaneously adv.

subdivide
[7sQbdi'vaid; 7sQbdE'vaid] v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr]~ (sth) (into sth) (cause sth to) be divided again into smaller divisions （将某物）进一步分成较小的部分: * Part of the building has been subdivided into offices. 这座大楼的一部分隔开用作办公室了. 派生： subdivision[7sQbdi'viVn; 7sQbdE'viVEn] n 1 [U] action or process of subdividing 进一步细分. 2 [C] thing produced by subdividing 进一步分成的部分: * a subdivision of a postal area 邮区属下的分区 * This division of the chapter has several subdivisions. 该章这一节里又分成几个小节.

subdue
[sEb'dju:; - -'du:; sEb'du] v [Tn] 1 bring (sb/sth) under control by force; defeat 征服, 制伏（某人[某事物]）; 击败: * subdue the rebels 镇压反叛者. 2 calm (esp one's emotions) 克制（尤指情绪）: * He managed to subdue his mounting anger. 他极力克制郁积在心中的怒气. 派生： subdued/sEb'dju:d; - -'du:d; sEb'dud] adj 1 not very loud, intense, noticeable, etc 不太响亮、 强烈、 显着等的; 缓和的; 有节制的: * a subdued conversation 细声的交谈 * subdued lighting 柔和的灯光 * a note of subdued excitement in her voice 她声音中流露出克制的兴奋之情. 2 not showing much excitement, interest, etc 不大兴奋、 不甚感兴趣等的: * You're very subdued. What's wrong? 你情绪很消沉. 怎麽了?

subheading
[5sQbhediN; 5sQb7hediN] n heading over part of an article, etc, eg in a newspaper 副标题; 小标题.

subject
1[5sQbdVikt; 5sQbdVikt] n 1 (a) person or thingthat is being discussed or described (in speech or writing),or represented, eg in a painting; topic; theme 主题; 对象: * an interesting subject of conversation 有趣的话题 * choose a subject for a poem, a picture, an essay, etc 确定诗、 画、 文章等的主题 * (fml 文) What did she say on the subject of (ie about) money? 在钱的问题上她是怎麽说的? (b) branch of knowledge studied in a school, etc 学科; 科目: * Physics and maths are my favourite subjects. 物理和数学都是我喜欢的科目. 2 person or thing being treated in a certain way or being experimented on 以某种方式处理或实验的人或事物: * We need some male subjects for a psychology experiment. 我们需要几个男子作心理学实验对象. 3 ~ for sth person or thing that causes a specified feeling or action 引起某种情感或行为的人或事物: * a subject for pity, ridicule, congratulation 怜悯、 取笑、 祝贺的对象 * His appearance was the subject for some critical comment. 他的外表受到一些人的议论. 4 (grammar) (a) word(s) in a sentence naming who or what does or undergoes the action stated by the verb, eg the book in The book fell off the table 主语（动作的主体, 如在The book fell off the table一句中, the book是主语）. Cf 参看 object1 5. (b) word(s) in a sentence about which sth is stated, eg the house in The house is old 主语（句子中陈述的对象, 如在The house is old一句中, the house是主语）. Cf 参看 predicate1. 5 any member of a State apart from the supreme ruler 臣民; 国民: * I am French by birth and a British subject by marriage. 我按出生是法国人, 因结婚而成为英国公民. =>Usage at citizen 用法见citizen. 6 (music 音) theme on which a piece of music is based 主题; 主旋律. 7 (idm 习语) change the subject => change1. 复合： `subject-matter n [U] content of a book, speech, etc, esp as contrasted with the style （书、 讲话等的）内容, 题材（尤与体裁相对）: Although the subject-matter (of her talk) was rather dull her witty delivery kept the audience interested. 尽管（她讲的）内容有些枯燥, 但由於她善於表达, 大家仍听得津津有味.

subjective
[sEb'dVektiv; sEb'dVektiv] adj 1 (of ideas, feelings, etc) existing in the mind and not produced by things outside the mind （指思想、 感情等）主观的（属於自我意识方面的）: * a subjective impression, sensation, etc 主观印象、 感觉等 * Our perception of things is often influenced by subjective factors, such as tiredness. 我们对事物的感知能力常受到主观因素（如疲劳）的影响. 2 (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) based on personal taste, views, etc 主观的（以个人之好恶、 观点等为依据的）: * a very subjective judgement of the play 对该剧极其主观的评判 * A literary critic should not be too subjective in his approach. 文学评论家的看法不应太主观. Cf 参看 objective. 派生： subjectively adv in a subjective way 主观地: Don't judge her work too subjectively. 评论她的作品不要过於主观. subjectivity[7sQbdVek'tivEti; 7sQbdVek'tivEti] n [U].

subjoin
[7sQb'dVCin; sQb'dVCin] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sth) (fml 文) add sth to the end of sth （在末尾）增补或添加某事物: * subjoin a postscript to a letter 在信末加一附笔.

subjugate
[5sQbdVugeit; 5sQbdVE7get] v [Tn] gain controlof (a country, etc); subdue; conquer 征服（某国家等）; 制伏; 降伏. > subjugation[7sQbdVu'geiFn; 7sQbdVE'geFEn] n [U].

subjunctive
[sEb'dVQNktiv; sEb'dVQNktiv] adj (grammar) of the special form of a verb that expresses a wish, possibility, condition, etc （动词）虚拟式的, 虚拟语气的: * In the phrase `if I were you', `were' is subjunctive. 在if I were you这一短语中, were是虚拟式的. Cf 参看 imperative 3, indicative. 派生： subjunctive n (grammar) 1 the subjunctive [U]the whole group of subjunctive verb-forms; the subjunctivemood 虚拟式; 虚拟语气: In `I wish you were here', `were' is in the subjunctive. 在I wish you were here一句中, were表达的是虚拟语气. 2 [C] subjunctive verb 虚拟式动词.

sublease
[7sQb'li:s; sQb'lis] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) lease (a house, land, etc leased to oneself) to another person; sublet sth 将（房屋、 土地等）转租或分租给他人; 转租或分租某物: * The company subleases flats to students. 公司把公寓分租给大学生. 派生： sublease n lease of this kind （房屋、 土地等的）转租, 分租.

sublet
[7sQb'let; sQb'let] v (-tt-; pt, pp sublet) [I, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) rent (a house, flat, etc of which one is the tenant, or part of it) to sb else 将（房屋、 其中部分等）转租或分租给他人: * sublet a room to a friend 把一个房间转租给朋友.

sublimate
[5sQblimeit; 5sQblE7met] v [Tn] 1 (psychology 心) express (instinctual urges, esp sexual ones) in more socially acceptable ways 以较符合社会准则的方式表现（本能的冲动, 尤指性欲）; 使升华: * sublimating one's sex drive by working hard 把性的冲动转化成努力工作. 2 (chemistry 化) convert (a substance) from the solid state to vapour by heating it, then allowing it to cool and become solid again, in order to purify it 使（某物质）升华. 派生： sublimate n substance purified by sublimating (sublimate2) 升华物. sublimation[7sQbli'meiFn; 7sQblE'meFEn] n [U].

sublime
[sE'blaim; sE'blaim] adj 1 of the greatest, most admirable kind; causing awe and reverence 伟大的;崇高的; 令人赞叹的; 令人崇敬的: * sublime heroism, beauty, scenery 令人叹为观止的英雄行为、 美丽、 景色 * her sublime devotion to the cause 她献身於事业的崇高精神 * (infml 口) The food was absolutely sublime. 这吃的东西棒极了. 2 [attrib 作定语] (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) extreme; suggesting a person who is not afraid of the consequences of his actions 极端的; 不顾後果的: * sublime conceit, indifference, impudence 极其骄横、 冷 淡、 无耻 * She approached the angry crowd with a sublime lack of concern for her own safety. 她完全不顾自己的安全走近愤怒的人群. 3 (idm 习语) from the sublime to the ridiculous from sth great, admirable, etc to sth trivial, absurd, etc 由极好转到极无聊的事物上: * Interrupting an opera on television for a pet-food commercial is going from the sublime to the ridiculous. 在电视播演歌剧时插播宠物食品广告真是煞风景. > sublimely adv: * play the piano sublimely 钢琴弹得棒极了 * She was sublimely unaware of how foolish she looked. 她根本不知道她的样子多愚蠢. sublimity/ sE5blImEtI; sE`blImEtI/ n [U].

subliminal
[7sQb'liminl; sQb'limEnl] adj being perceivedor affecting the mind without one being aware of it 下意识的; 潜意识的: * the subliminal message of the text, ie one not explicitly stated 文中的言外之意 * subliminal advertising, eg by means of an image flashed onto a screen so briefly that it is noted only by the subconscious mind 潜意识广告（如影像在屏幕上一闪而过, 在观众潜意识中留下印象）.

submarine
[7sQbmE'ri:n; - 'sQbmEri:n; 5sQbmE7rin] n 1 naval vessel that can operate underwater as well as onthe surface 潜（水）艇: * [attrib 作定语] a submarine officer,crew 潜艇军官、 全体官兵. 2 (also ,submarine `sandwich) (esp US) sandwich made from a long bread roll split lengthwise and filled with meat, cheese, salad, etc 潜艇叁明治（长面包纵向切开, 夹肉、 乾酪、 色拉等）. 派生： submarine adj [attrib 作定语] (existing or placed) under the surface of the sea （存在或置於）海面下的: submarine plants 海生植物 * submarine exploration 海中探测 * a submarine cable 海底电缆. submariner/sQb'mArinE(r); - 'sQbmEri:nEr; 5sQbmE7rinl] n member of a submarine's crew 潜艇人员.

submerge
[sEb'mE:dV; sEb'mEdV] v 1 (a) [I] go under the surface of a liquid, the sea, etc 进入液面、 海面等的下面: * The submarine submerged to avoid enemy ships. 该潜艇潜入水下以躲避敌舰. (b) [Tn] cause (sth) to go under the surface of a liquid, the sea, etc; cover with a liquid 使（某物）进入液面、 海面等之下; 淹没: * a wall submerged by flood water 被洪水淹没的墙 * The child submerged all her toys in the bath. 那孩子把所有的玩具都泡在澡盆里. 2 [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] (fig 比喻) completely cover (sb/sth); overwhelm 完全覆盖（某人[某事物]）; 遮住: * be submerged by paperwork 埋头於文牍工作 * The main argument was submerged in a mass of tedious detail. 大量单调乏味的细节掩盖了主要论点. 派生： submerged adj under the surface of the sea, etc 在海面等的下面的: a partly-submerged wreck 部分淹没的遇难船的残骸. submergence/sEb'mE:dVEns; sEb'mEdVEns] , submersion/sEb'mE:Fn; - -mE:rVn; sEb'mEVEn] ns [U]. submersible/sEb'mE:sEbl; sEb'mEsEbl] n, adj (ship or craft) that can be submerged 可潜入水中的（船只等）: * exploring the sea bed in a submersible 乘潜水器探测海底.

submission
[sEb'miFn; sEb'miFEn] n ~ (to sb/sth) 1 [U] (a) acceptance of another`s power; submitting 归顺; 降服; 投降: * submission to sb's will 屈从於某人的意志 * starve the city into submission, ie force it to submit by cutting off its food supplies 以饥饿迫使该城投降. (b) state in which one accepts the superior power of sb else 屈从; 服从; 顺从: * During the occupation, we had to live in total submission (to the invader). 在沦陷时期, 我们得听凭（侵略者的）摆布. * parents who want children to show complete submission to their wishes 要孩子百依百顺的父母. 2 [C, U] (act of) presenting sth for consideration, a decision, etc 提交; 呈递: * the submission of a claim, a petition, an appeal, etc 要求、 请愿书、 上诉书等的提交. 3 [C, U] (law 律) opinion or argument presented to a judge or jury 向法官或陪审团提出的意见或论据: * In my submission, the witness is lying. 本人认为证人所言不实.

submissive
[sEb'misiv; sEb'misiv] adj willing to yield to the authority of others; obedient 服从的; 顺从的:a humble and submissive servant 恭顺的仆人. > submissively adv. submissiveness n [U].

submit
[sEb'mit; sEb'mit] v (-tt-) 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (to sb/sth) accept the control, superior strength, etc (of sb/sth); yield (to sb/sth) 屈服或归顺於（某人[某事物]）; 服从, 顺从（某人[某事物]）: * I refuse to submit. 我决不屈服. * submit to discipline, superior force, etc 遵守纪律、 慑服於优势兵力 * submit to the enemy, a tyrant, etc 向敌人投降、 向暴君低头. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sb/sth) give sth (to sb/sth) so that it may be considered, decided on, etc （向某人[某事物]）提交或呈递某事物（以供考虑、 裁决等）: * submit an essay to one's tutor 向指导教师呈交论文 * submit plans to the council for approval 向委员会提交计画呈请批准 * submit an application, estimate, claim, etc 提出一项申请、 估价、 要求等. 3 [Tf no passive 不用於被动语态] (law 律) suggest (sth); argue 建议（某事物）; 认为: * Counsel for the defence submitted that his client was clearly innocent. 被告的律师辩称其委托人显然是无辜的. * The case, I would submit, is not proven. 本人认为此案证据不足.

subnormal
[7sQb'nC:ml; sQb'nCrml] adj 1 below normal; less than normal 低於正常的; 比正常少的: * subnormal temperatures 低於正常的温度. 2 below the normal level of intelligence 智力低於正常标准的: * a subnormal child 弱智儿童 * educationally subnormal 在教育方面认为智力低於正常标准的. 派生： subnormal n (infml 口) subnormal(2) person 智力逊常者; 弱智者.

suborbital
[7sQb'C:bitl; sQb'Crbitl] adj less than (or lasting less time than) one orbit of the earth, moon, etc （绕地球、 月球等）不满一周的, 不足一周之时间的, 亚轨道的: * a suborbital space flight 亚轨道宇宙飞行.

subordinate
[sE'bC:dinEt; - -dEnEt; sE'bCrdnit] adj (a) ~ (to sb) lower in rank or position 级别或职位较低的; 下级的: * He was always friendly to his subordinate officers. 他对下级官员一向和蔼可亲. (b) ~ (to sth) of less importance 次要的; 附属的: * All the other issues are subordinate to this one. 所有问题都要以这一问题为依归. 派生： subordinate n person who is subordinate tosb else 下级; 部属: the commanding officer and his subordinates 指挥官及其部下. subordinate/sE'bC:dineit; - -dEneit; sE'bCrdn7et] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sth) treat sth as of lesser importance (than sth else) 将某事物置於次要地位: * In her book, she subordinates this issue to more generalproblems. 在她的书中, 她把这个问题处理得不如一般问题重要. subordination/sE7bC:di'neiFn; - -dEn'eiFn; sE7bCrdn'eFEn] n [U]. 复合： su,bordinate `clause (also de,pendent `clause) (grammar) clause, usu introduced by a conjunction, that functions like a noun, adjective or adverb, eg when it rang in She answered the phone when it rang 从句, 从属分句（通常以连词引导, 其作用相当於名词、 形容词或副词, 如She answered the phone when it rang句中的when it rang即是）. Cf 参看 co-ordinate clause (co-ordinate1).

suborn
[sE'bC:n; sE'bCrn] v [Tn] (fml 文) use bribery or some other means to persuade (sb) to do sth illegal, esp tell lies in a court of law 以行贿或其他方法唆使（某人）做非法的事（尤指向法庭提供伪证）: * suborn a witness 收买证人. > subornation[7sQbC:'neiFn; 7sQbCr'neFEn] n [U].

subpoena
[sE'pi:nE; sE'pinE] n (law 律) written order requiring a person to appear in a lawcourt （传唤出庭的）传票: * serve a subpoena on a witness 向证人送达传票. 派生： subpoena v [Tn, Cn.n/a, Cn.t] summon (sb) with a subpoena （用传票）传唤（某人）: subpoena a witness 传唤证人 * The court subpoenaed her (to appear) as a witness. 法庭传她（到庭）作证.

subroutine
[5sQbru:ti:n; 7sQbru'tin] n (computing 计) self-contained section of a computer program for performing a specific task 子程序; 子例行程序.

subscribe
[sEb'skraib; sEb'skraib] v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr]~ (sth) (to sth) (agree to) contribute (a sum of money) 认捐, 捐助（一笔款项）: * subscribe to a charity 向慈善机构捐款 * How much did you subscribe (to the disaster fund)? 你（向赈灾基金）捐了多少钱? 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (to sth) (agree to) buy (a newspaper, periodical, etc) regularly over a period of time 订阅, 订购（报刊等）: * The magazine is trying to get more readers to subscribe. 该杂志正大力发展新订户. * Which journal(s) do you subscribe to? 你订阅哪一种杂志? 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sth) (fml 文) sign (esp one's name) at the foot of a document （在文件下面）签名, （尤指）签字, 签署: * subscribe one's name to a petition 在请愿书上签名 * subscribe a few remarks at the end of the essay 在论文後面签注意见. 4 (phr v) subscribe to sth (fml 文) agree with (an opinion, a theory, etc) 同意, 赞成（某观点、 理论等）: * Do you subscribe to her pessimistic view of the state of the economy? 你是否同意她对经济状况所持的悲观看法? 派生： subscriber n 1 person who subscribes(1,2) 认捐者; 捐助者; 订阅者; 订购者. 2 person who rents a telephone （电话）用户. subscription/sEb'skripFn; sEb'skripFEn] n 1 [U] subscribing or being subscribed 认捐; 捐助; 订阅; 订购; 签字; 签署: * a monument paid for by public subscription 由各界捐款建立的纪念碑. 2 [C] (a) sum of money subscribed 捐款; 订阅费; 订购款; 认捐额; 认购额: * a 5 subscription to charity 向慈善事业提供的5英镑的捐款. (b) fee for membership of a club, etc （俱乐部等的）会员费: * renew one's annual subscription 继续缴纳年度会费. 复合： sub,scriber `trunk dialling (abbr 缩写 STD) system of making long distance calls in which the calleris automatically connected (instead of using an operator)用户长途电话直拨系统. sub`scription concert concert where all tickets are paid for in advance 须预订票的音乐会.

subsection
[5sQbsekFn; 5sQb7sekFEn] n part of a section, esp in legal documents, etc 分段; 小节; （尤指法律文书等的）分款, 分项: * Please turn to section 5, subsection b. 请翻到第5款, b项.

subsequent
[5sQbsikwEnt; 5sQbsi7kwEnt] adj [attrib 作定语] later; following 後来的; 随後的: * Subsequent events proved me wrong. 後来发生的事证明我错了. * The first and all subsequent visits were kept secret. 第一次以及随後的各次访问均严守秘密. 派生： subsequently adv afterwards 後来; 随後; 接着: They subsequently heard he had left the country. 他们後来听说他已出国. 复合： subsequent to prep (fml 文) following (sth); after 继（某事物）之後; 在...之後: Subsequent to its success as a play, it was made into a film. 该剧在舞台上获得成功之後, 又摄制成了电影. * He confessed to other crimes subsequent to the bank robbery. 他供认抢劫银行案後, 又坦白了其他罪行.

subservient
[sEb'sE:viEnt; sEb'sEviEnt] adj ~ (to sb/sth) 1 (often derog 常作贬义) giving too much respect, obedience, etc; submissive 必恭必敬的; 低声下气的; 恭顺的: * a subservient manner, attitude 低叁下四的样子、 态度 * Are priests too subservient to their bishops? 牧师对主教是否过於恭顺? 2 less important; subordinate 次要的; 从属的: * People should not be regarded as subservient to the economic system. 不应把人的因素看成是经济体制的附庸. > subservience[-Ens; -Ens] n [U]. subserviently adv.

subside
[sEb'said; sEb'said] v 1 [I] sink to a lower or to the normal level 下降至较低或正常水平: * The flood waters gradually subsided. 洪水逐渐退去. * The boiling soup subsided when the pot was taken off the heat. 把锅从炉子上端开时, 汤就不再沸腾了. 2 [I] (of land) sink, eg because of mining operations underneath （指土地）下陷（如因在地下采矿）. 3 [I] (of buildings, etc) sink lower into the ground （指建 物等）下陷: * Weak foundations caused the house to subside. 由於地基不牢, 这所房子已下陷. 4 [I] become less violent, active, intense, etc 减弱; 减轻; 平静下来; 平息: * The storm began to subside. 风暴渐渐平息了. * He waited until the applause had subsided. 他一直等到掌声平息下来, 才继续下去. * I took an aspirin and the pain gradually subsided. 我服用了阿斯匹林, 疼痛逐渐减轻. 5 [Ipr] (infml joc 口, 谑) let oneself drop into a chair, etc 一下子坐在椅子等上: * subsiding onto the sofa/into an armchair 一屁股坐在长沙发[单座沙发]上. 派生： subsidence/sEb'saidns, 'sQbsidns; sEb'saidns,'sQbsEdEns] n 1 [U] process of subsiding (subside1) 下降; 回落; 回降: * the gradual subsidence of the river 河水的逐渐回落. 2 [U, C] process or instance of subsiding (subside2, 3) （土地或建 物等的）下陷: * a building damaged by subsidence 因地基塌陷而毁坏的建 物 * The railway line was closed because of (a) subsidence. 这条铁路因土地下陷而停止运营.

subsidiary
[sEb'sidiEri; - -dieri; sEb'sidi7eri] adj 1~ (to sth) connected to but smaller, of less importance,etc than sth else; subordinate 附属的; 从属的; 次要的: * a subsidiary stream flowing into the main river 流入大河的支流 * The question of finance is subsidiary to the question of whether the project will be approved. 财务问题是这一项目是否获准的附带问题. 2 (of a business company) controlled by another （指业务机构）附属的, 附设的. 派生： subsidiary n subsidiary thing, esp a business company 附属事物; （尤指）附属公司.

subsidy
[5sQbsidi; 5sQbsEdi] n [C, U] money paid, esp by a government, to help an industry, to support the arts, to keep prices down, etc 补助金; （尤指政府为扶持工业、 资助艺术事业、 平抑物价等而发放的）津贴, 补贴: * food subsidies, eg to reduce the price of basic foods 食品补贴（如用以降低基本食品的价格） * increase/reduce the level of subsidy, eg to the arts, farmers, etc 增加[减少]补贴（如对艺术界、 农民等的）. 派生： subsidize, -ise[5sQbsidaiz; 5sQbsE7daiz] v [Tn] give a subsidy to (sth/sb) 给（某事物[某人]）津贴或补贴; 资助或补助（某人[某事物]）: * subsidized industries 受资助的工业. subsidization, -isation[7sQbsidai'zeiFn; - -di'z-; 7sQbsEdE'zeFEn] n [U].

subsist
[sEb'sist; sEb'sist] v [I, Ipr] ~ (on sth) (fml 文) (continue to) stay alive, esp with little food or money; exist （继续）存活, 活下去; （尤指藉微少的食物或金钱）维持生活; 生存: * How do they manage to subsist (on such a low wage)? 他们（区区这点工资）怎样 口? * He subsisted mainly on vegetables and fruit. 他主要依靠蔬菜和水果维持生命. 派生： subsistence[-tEns; -tEns] n [U] (means of) subsisting 存活; 生存; 生计; 维生之道: * reduced to subsistence on bread and water 降到以面包和水维持生活 * [attrib 作定语] subsistence farming, ie farming that produces only enough crops for the farmer and his family to live on, leaving no surplus which could besold 自给农业（收成仅供自家食用, 无剩馀出售者） * a subsistence wage, ie one that is only just enough to enable a worker to live 勉强 口的工资. 复合： sub`sistence crop crop grown to be eaten by the grower 自给作物（供种植者自身食用的）. Cf 参看 cash crop (cash). sub`sistence level standard of living that is only just high enough to support life 勉强 口的生活水平.

subsoil
[5sQbsCil; 5sQb7sCil] n [U] layer of soil lying immediately beneath the surface layer 底土（层）; 心土（层）. Cf 参看 topsoil (top1).

subsonic
[7sQb'sCnik; 7sQb'sanik] adj (flying at a speed) less than the speed of sound 亚音速（飞行）的: * a subsonic speed, aircraft, flight 亚音速、 亚音速飞机、 亚音速飞行. Cf 参看 supersonic.

substance
[5sQbstEns; 5sQbstEns] n 1 [C] particular type of matter 物质: * a poisonous substance like cyanide 类似氰化物的有毒物质 * a substance that will prevent rust 防物质 * Water and ice are the same substance in different forms. 水和冰是同一物质的不同状态. 2 [U] (a) real matter (contrasted with sth only seen, heard or imagined) 实物（与仅能看到、 听到或想像之事物相对）: * They maintained that ghosts had no substance. 他们认为鬼魂不是实物. (b) firmness; solidity 坚固; 结实: * I like a meal that has some substance to it, ie has nourishing food in it. 我喜欢吃富於营养的饭菜. * (fig 比喻) an argument of little substance, eg lacking specific details, etc 内容贫乏的议论. 3 [U] most important or essential part of sth; essential meaning 基本部分; 实质部分; 主旨; 要义: * the substance of the speech 讲话的要旨 * I agree with the substance of what you say/with what you say in substance, but differ on points of detail. 我同意 你讲话的基本内容, 不过在一些枝节问题上与你有分歧. 4 [U] (fml 文) money; property 金钱; 财物; 资产: * a man/woman of substance, eg a property owner 有资产的男子[女子].

substandard
[7sQb'stAndEd; sQb'stAndld] adj below the usual or required standard 低於标准的; 不够标准的: * substandard goods 不合格的货物 * She has written good essays before, but this one is substandard. 她以前写的文章不错, 但这一篇却不怎麽样.

substantial
[sEb'stAnFl; sEb'stAnFEl] adj 1 large in amount; considerable 数目大的; 可观的: * a substantial improvement, decrease 相当大的改善、 缩减 * Her contribution to the discussion was substantial. 她在讨论中做了很多工作. * obtain a substantial loan 获得大笔贷款. 2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] solidly or strongly built or made 坚固的; 结实的: * a substantial padlock, chair, wall 结实的挂锁、 椅子、 墙壁. 3 [usu attrib 通常作定语] owning much property; wealthy 有大量财产的; 富有的: * a substantial business, company 殷实的商号、 公司 *substantial farmers 富有的农民. 4 [attrib 作定语] concerningthe most important part of sth; essential 实质的; 大体上的; 基本的: * We are in substantial agreement. 我们的意见基本一致. 5 (fml 文) having physical existence, not merely seen or heard or imagined; real 实际存在的; 实物的; 真实的: * Was it something substantial that you saw, or was it a ghost? 你见到的是实物, 还是鬼魂? 派生： substantially[-FEli; -FEli] adv 1 considerably; greatly 可观地; 大量地: * substantially improved 大为改善 * They contributed substantially to our success. 他们对我们的成功做出了重大贡献. 2 concerning the substance(3) of sth; essentially 实质上; 大体上; 基本上: * Your assessment is substantially correct. 你的估计基本正确.

substantiate
[sEb'stAnFieit; sEb'stAnFi7et] v [Tn] give facts to support (a claim, statement, etc); prove 用事实支持（某主张、 说法等）; 证明; 证实: * Can you substantiateyour accusations against him? 你指责他, 能提出事实根据吗? > substantiation/sEb7stnFi'eiFn; sEb7stAnFi'eFEn] n.

substantive
1[5sQbstEntiv; 5sQbstEntiv] adj (fml 文) genuine or actual; real 真的; 真实的; 实在的; 实际的: * a discussion of substantive matters 对实际问题的讨论 * a guarantee of substantive progress 取得实质性进展的保证. 派生： substantive n (dated 旧 grammar) noun 名词.

substation
[5sQbsteiFn; 5sQb7steFEn] n place whichrelays electric current that has been generated elsewhere变电所.

substitute
[5sQbstitju:t; - -tu:t; 5sQbstE7tut] n ~ (for sb/sth) person or thing that replaces, acts for or serves as sb or sth else 代替、 替换或代理的人或事物; 代替者; 代理人; 代用品: * The manager was unable to attend but sent his deputy as a substitute. 经理不能出席, 派了个副手代表他. * This type of vinyl is a poor substitute for leather. 这种乙烯基材料代替皮革十分勉强. * [attrib 作定语] a substitute player, horse, machine 替换的队员、 马、 机器. 派生： substitute v (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (for sb/sth) put or use sb/sth as a substitute (for sb/sth else) 用某人[某事物]代替（另外的人[事物]）: The understudy was substituted when the leading actor fell ill. 主角演员患病, 由替角代替演出. * We must substitute a new chair for the broken one. 我们这把破损的椅子得换个新的. (b) [Ipr] ~ for sb/sth act or serve as a substitute 代替; 替换; 代理; 取代: Can you substitute for (ie go instead of) me at the meeting? 你代我去开会好吗? * Honey can substitute for sugar in this recipe. 在这个食谱中, 可用蜂蜜代替食糖. substitution[7sQbsti'tju:Fn; - -'tu:Fn; 7sQbstE'tuFEn] n 1 [U] substituting or being substituted 代替; 替换; 代理; 取代. 2 [C] act of substituting 代替; 替换; 代理; 取代: * Two substitutions (ie of players) were made during the match. 在比赛中换了两次人.

substratum
[7sQb'stra:tEm; - 'sQbstreitEm; 5sQb7stretEm] n (pl substrata[7sQb'stra:tE; - 'sQbstreitE;'sQb7stretE] ) 1 level lying below another 下面的一层; 底层: * a substratum of rock 底层岩石. 2 (fig 比喻) foundation; basis 基础; 根基: * a substratum of truth in her story 她叙述中的事实根据.

substructure
[5sQbstrQktFE(r); 5sQb7strQktFl] n underlying or supporting structure; base or foundation 下部结构; 支撑结构; 基础; 根基. Cf 参看 superstructure 1.

subsume
[sEb'sju:m; - -'su:m; sEb'sum] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in/under sth) (fml 文) include sth in a particular group, class, etc or under a rule 将某事物归入某类型、 类别等, 或纳入某规则中: * This creature can be subsumed in the class of reptiles. 这种生物可以归入爬行动物一类.

subtenant
[5sQbtenEnt; 5sQb7tenEnt] n person to whom a house, flat, etc (or part of it) is sublet by a tenant （房屋、 公寓等的）转租承租人. > subtenancy[-Ensi;-Ensi] n [C, U].

subtend
[sEb'tend; sEb'tend] v [Tn] (geometry 几) (of a chord2(1) or the side of a triangle) be opposite to (an arc(1) or angle) （指弦或叁角形之边）对向（某弧或角）: * The chord AC subtends the arc ABC. The side XZ subtends the angle XYZ. AC弦对向ABC弧. XZ边对向XYZ角. =>illus 见插图.

subterfuge
[5sQbtEfju:dV; 5sQbtl7fjudV] n (a) [C] trick or excuse, esp one used to avoid difficulties, blame, failure, etc 诡计; 花招; （尤指）（逃避困难、 逃脱责备、 避免失败等的）手段, 遁辞: * Her claim to be a journalist was simply a subterfuge to get into the theatre without paying. 她自称是记者, 这只是个看戏不买票的花招而已. (b) [U] such trickery 诡计; 花招: * gain sth by subterfuge 施诡计获得某事物.

subterranean
[7sQbtE'reiniEn; 7sQbtE'reniEn] adj underthe earth's surface; underground 地表下面的; 地下的: * a subterranean passage, river, tunnel 地下通道、 河流、 隧道 * subterranean digging 在地下进行的采掘.

subtitle
[5sQbtaitl; 5sQb7taitl] n 1 secondary title of a book, etc 副标题; 小标题. 2 (usu pl 通常作复数) (esp cinema 尤用於电影) words printed on a film that translate the dialogue of a foreign film, give those of a silent film or (on television) supply dialogue for deaf viewers 字幕. 派生： subtitle v [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] give a subtitle or subtitles to (sth) 给（书等）加副标题或小标题; 给（影片等）加字幕: a book subtitled `A Study of Methodism' 以《循道宗教义研究》为副标题的书.

subtle
[5sQtl; 5sQtl] adj (-r, -st) (esp approv 尤作褒义) 1 not easy to detect or describe; fine; delicate 难以察觉或描述的; 细微的; 精细的: * a subtle charm, flavour, style 难以形容的魅力、 滋味、 式样 * subtle humour 巧妙的幽默 * a subtle distinction 细微的差别 * paint in subtle shades of pink 粉红色度略微不同的颜料. 2 organized in a clever and complex way; ingenious; cunning 巧安排的; 巧妙的; 狡诈的: * a subtle argument, design, strategy 巧妙的议论、 设计、 策略 * a subtle analysis of the problem 对该问题的精辟的分析. 3 able to see and describe fine and delicate differences; sensitive 敏锐的; 感觉灵敏的: * a subtle observer, critic, analyst, etc 细心的观察者、 评论者、 分析者等 * She has a very subtle mind. 她头脑灵敏. 派生： subtlety[5sQtlti; 5sQtlti] n 1 [U] quality of being subtle 细微; 精细; 巧妙; 灵巧; 诡诈; 敏锐. 2 [C] subtle distinction, etc 细微的差别等. subtly[5sQtli; 5sQtli] adv.

subtopia
[7sQb'tEupiE; sQb'topiE] n [C, U] unattractive suburbs spreading out into the countryside 难看的郊区（尤指城郊住宅区）.

subtotal
[5sQbtEutl; 5sQb7totl] n total of a set of figures that are part of a larger group of figures 部分合计数; 小计.

subtract
[sEb'trAkt; sEb'trAkt] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) take (a number or quantity) away from (another number, etc) 从（某数等）中减去（某数或量）: * subtract 6 from 99减6 * 6 subtracted from 9 is 3, ie9639减6等於3. Cf 参看 add, deduct. 派生： subtraction/sEb'trAkFn; sEb'trAkFEn] n 1 [U] process of subtracting 减; 减法. 2 [C] act of subtracting 减; 减法: * Two from five is a simple subtraction. 五减二是简单的减法.

subtropical
[7sQb'trCpikl; sQb'trapikl] adj of regions bordering on the tropics 亚热带的: * ,subtropical `plants 亚热带植物 * a ,subtropical `climate 亚热带气候. Cf 参看 subarctic.

suburb
[5sQbE:b; 5sQbEb] n (esp residential) district outside the central part of a town or city （城镇的）郊区; （尤指）城郊住宅区: * an industrial suburb 城郊工业区 * a suburb of Naples 那不勒斯市郊 * live in the suburbs, ie in such a district 住在市郊 * the inner/outer suburbs 近[远]郊 * a dormitory suburb, ie one from which people travel elsewhere to work 市内工作者的郊外住宅区. 派生： suburban/sE'bE:bEn; sE'bEbEn] adj 1 of or in a suburb 城郊的; 在郊区的; 城郊住宅区的: * a suburban street, shop, newspaper 郊区的街道、 商店、 报纸. 2 (fig derog 比喻, 贬) limited in outlook; dull or ordinary 见闻不广的; 乏味的; 平淡无奇的: * a rather suburban attitude to life 闭目塞听的生活态度. suburbanite/sE'bE:bEnait; sE'bEbE7nait] n (infml often derog 口, 常作贬义) person who lives in the suburbs 郊区居民. Suburbia/sE'bE:biE; sE'bEbiE] n [U] (esp derog 尤作贬义) (type of life lived by or attitudes held by people who live in the) suburbs 郊区; 郊区人的生活方式或处世态度.

subvention
[sEb'venFn; sEb'venFEn] n (fml 文) grant of money to support an industry, a theatre company, etc; subsidy （资助工业、 戏剧团体等的）补助金, 补贴, 津贴.

subversive
[sEb'vE:siv; sEb'vEsiv] adj ~ (of sth) trying or likely to weaken or destroy a political system, an accepted belief, etc 为削弱或破坏某政治制度、 公认的信仰等的; 颠覆性的: * subversive propaganda 颠覆性的宣传 * a subversive book, speaker, influence 具有煽动性的书、 演讲者、 影响 * Was her speech subversive (of law and order)? 她讲的话是否（对法治）是破坏性的? 派生： subversive n subversive person 颠覆分子. subversively adv. subversiveness n [U].

subvert
[sQb'vE:t; sQb'vEt] v [Tn] 1 destroy the authority of (a political system, religious faith, etc) 颠覆, 破坏（政治制度、 宗教信仰等）: * subvert the monarchy 推翻君主政体 * writings that subvert Christianity 攻击基督教教义的文字. 2 corrupt the morals or loyalty of (sb) 使（某人）道德败坏或不忠: * a diplomat subverted by a foreign power 受外国势力影响而变节的外交官. > subversion/sEb'vE:Fn; - -'vE:rVn; sEb'vEVEn] n [U].

subway
[5sQbwei; 5sQb7we] n 1 underground pedestrian tunnel, esp one beneath a road or railway 地下人行道（尤指公路或铁路下的）: * Use the subway to cross the road. 请用地下通道穿越马路. Cf 参看 underpass. 2 (US) underground railway in a city 市区地下铁道: * travel by subway 乘地铁 * [attrib 作定语] a subway train, station 地铁列车、 地铁站. Cf 参看 underground2 n, tube 3, Metro.

subzero
[7sQb'ziErEu; sQb'ziro] adj (of temperatures) below zero （指温度）零度以下的: * the ,subzero `temperaturesof a Siberian winter 西伯利亚冬季的零下气温.

succeed
[sEk'si:d; sEk'sid] v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (in sth/doing sth) do what one is trying to do; achieve thedesired end 成功; 做成; 达到目的: * The attack succeeded,and the fort was taken. 这次袭击成功, 拿下了堡垒. * She's absolutely determined to succeed (in life). 她决心要实现自己的（人生）目的. * (saying 谚) If at first you don't succeed, try, try again 若一次不成功, 要再接再厉. * (ironic 反语) I tried to clean the watch, but only succeeded in breaking it. 我想把手表弄乾净, 结果却弄坏了. Cf 参看 fail 1. 2 [Tn] come next after (sb/sth) and take his/its place 接替（某人[某事物]）; 继任: * Who succeeded Churchill (as Prime Minister)? 继邱吉尔出任（首相）的是谁? * The silence was succeeded by the striking of a clock. 时钟鸣响声打破了寂静. 3 [I, Ipr] ~ (to sth) gain the right to (a title, property, etc) when sb dies 继承（头衔、 财产等）: * When the king died, his eldest son succeeded (to the throne). 国王死後, 其长子继位.4 (idm 习语) ,nothing suc,ceeds like suc`cess (saying 谚) success often leads to further successes 一事成, 事事成: * I won the essay prize, then was offered a scholarship: * nothing succeeds like success! 我的作文得了奖, 接着就获得了奖学金, 真是一顺百顺!

success
[sEk'ses; sEk'ses] n 1 [U] achievement of a desired end, or of fame, wealth or social position; succeeding 成功; 成就; 成名; 发财; 胜利; 达到目的: * achieve great success in life 在人生道路上大有成就 * make a success of sth 某事取得成功 * The race ended in success for (ie was won by) the Irish horse. 比赛的结果是爱尔兰马获胜. * I haven't had much success in my applications for jobs. 我那些求职信都没怎麽达到目的. 2 [C] person or thing that succeeds 成功者; 达到目的的人或事物: * He wasn't a success as a teacher. 他不是个好教师. * Of her plays, three were successes and one was a failure. 她的剧作有叁部成功, 一部失败. 3 (idm 习语) ,nothing suc,ceeds like suc`cess => succeed. a roaring success => roaring (roar). a suc`cess story person or thing that is very successful (esp unexpectedly or in the face of difficulties) 大获成功的人或事物（尤指意外地或面对困难时）: * Her rapid rise to the top has been one of the film industry's most remarkable success stories. 她迅速走红是电影界最杰出的一个事例. 派生： successful[-fl; -fEl] adj having success 获得成功的; 取得成效的; 达到目的的: * a successful businesswoman,career, plan 获得成功的女商人、 事业、 计画 * My final attempt to fix it was successful. 我最後这次到底把它修好了. successfully[-fEli; -fEli] adv.

succession
[sEk'seFn; sEk'seFEn] n 1 [C] number of things or people coming one after the other in time or order; series 一连串的事物; 接二连叁的人; 一系列: * a succession of wet days, defeats, poor leaders 一个接一个的阴雨天、 失败、 不称职的领导人. 2 [U] the coming of one thing or person after another in time or order 连续; 接连: * the succession of the seasons 四季的交替. 3 [U] (right of) succeeding to a title, the throne, property, etc （头衔、 王位、 财产等的）继承（权）: * Who is first in succession to the throne? 谁是王位的第一继承人? 4 (idm 习语) in suc`cession one after the other 连续（的）; 一个接一个（的）: * three victories in (quick) succession 一连叁次（迅速）获得的胜利.

successive
[sEk'sesiv; sEk'sesiv] adj [attrib 作定语] coming one after the other in an unbroken series 连续不断的; 接连的; 一连串的: * successive governments, victories, attempts 一个接一个的政府、 胜利、 尝试 * The school has won five successive games. 该校已连胜五场比赛. > successively adv.

successor
[sEk'sesE(r); sEk'sesl] n ~ (to sb/sth) person or thing that comes after and takes the place of (sb/sth) 接替的人或事物; 後继者; 继任者; 继承人: * the successor to the throne 王位的继承人 * appoint a successor to the headmaster 任命继任校长 * This car is the successor to our popular hatchback model. 这种汽车是我厂着名的带上掀式斜背小轿车的换代产品. Cf 参看 predecessor.

succinct
[sEk'siNkt; sEk'siNkt] adj (approv 褒) expressedbriefly and clearly; concise 简明的; 简洁的; 简要的: * a succinct summary of the argument 论点的概要. > succinctly adv. succinctness n [U].

succour
(US succor)[5sQkE(r); 5sQkl] n [U] (fml 文) help given to sb in need or in danger 援助; 援救: * bring succour to the sick and wounded 援救伤病员. 派生： succour v [Tn] (fml 文) give such help to (sb) 援助或援救（某人）.

succubus
[5sQkjubEs; 5sQkjEbEs] n (pl succubi[5sQkjubai; 5sQkjE7bai] ) female demon said to have sexual intercourse with sleeping males 传说中与熟睡的男子性交的女妖. Cf 参看 incubus.

succulent
[5sQkjulEnt; 5sQkjElEnt] adj 1 (approv 褒) (of fruit and meat) juicy and delicious （指水果及肉类）汁多味美的: * a succulent steak, pear, etc 鲜美的牛排、 梨等. 2 (of plants) having leaves and stems that are thick and contain a lot of water （指植物）茎叶肥厚含水分多的, 肉质的. 派生： succulence[-Ens; -Ens] n [U]. succulent n succulent plant, eg a cactus 肉质植物（如仙人掌）.

succumb
[sE'kQm; sE'kQm] v [I, Ipr] ~ (to sth) (fml 文) stop resisting (temptation, illness, attack, etc); yield 不再抵抗（诱惑、 疾病、 攻击等）; 屈从: * The city succumbed after only a short siege. 该城受围困仅很短时间就不再抵抗了. * Several children have measles, and the others are bound to succumb (to it). 有几个孩子患了麻疹, 其他孩子也必然传染上. * The driver has succumbed to (ie died of) his injuries. 司机已受伤不治.

such
[sQtF; sQtF] det 1 (a) (referring back 用以复指前文) of the kind specified earlier 上述一类的; （像前面提及的）那样的, 这样的, 如此的: * He noticed her necklace. Such jewels must have cost thousands, he thought. 他注意到了她的项链. 他想, 这样的首饰价值一定上千了. * He told them about the job he had left. Such information was just what they needed. 他告诉他们他刚辞去的工作的情况. 这些情况正是他们需要知道的. * I've been invited to an Asian wedding. What happens on such occasions? 我应邀参加亚洲人的婚礼. 这种婚礼是如何举行的? * He said he hadn't got time or made some such excuse. 他说他没有时间, 或是诸如此类的藉口. * This isn't the only story of starving children. Many such cases are reported every day. 这并非饥饿儿童的唯一事例, 很多类似报道无日无之. (b) ~ sth as/that... (referring forward 用以预指後文) of the specified kind 下述一类的; （像後面提及的）那样的, 这样的, 如此的: * Such a disaster as her car being stolen had never happened before. 有的祸事, 像她的汽车被盗之类, 以前从未发生过. * Such poets as Keats and Shelley wrote Romantic poetry. 有些诗人, 如济慈和雪莱, 写的是浪漫主义的诗歌. * Such advice as (ie The little advice that) he was given proved almost worthless. 给他提的那类建议简直毫无价值. * The knot was fastened in such a way that it was impossible to undo. 这个结系得那麽紧, 根本解不开. 2 ~ sth (as/that...) to the specified degree (of importance, worth, etc) （重要性、 价值等）达到（後面提及的）那种程度的: * On an occasion such as this (ie as important as this) we are privileged to welcome... 在这样重要的场合, 我们有幸能欢迎... * He showed such concern that people took him to be a relative. 他很关心别人, 因而大家都把他当作亲人. * He's not such a fool as he looks. 他并不像看上去的那样愚蠢. * It was such a boring speech (that) I fell asleep. 这讲演枯燥无味, 听得我都睡着了.

such1
* I'm afraid I can't remember it was such a long time ago. 很抱歉, 我想不起来了--那是很久以前的事了. * Such is the influence of TV that it can make a person famous overnight. 电视的影响力就是这麽大, 可以让人转眼成名. 3 (as an intensifier 用以加强语气) so great; so very (much) 这麽大的; 这样（极其）: * She's got such talent. 她有非凡的才能. * We're having such a wonderful time. 我们玩儿得真痛快. * Baby giraffes seem to have such long legs. 小长颈鹿的腿显得格外长. * I've had such a shock. 我震惊得不得了. * Why are you in such a hurry? 你为什麽这样匆忙? 派生： such pron 1 person or thing of a specified kind 某类的人或事物. (a) (referring back 用以复指前文): Cricket was boring. Such (ie That) was her opinion before meeting Ian. 打板球没意思. 她在认识伊恩以前就是这种看法. * She's a competent leader and has always been regarded as such by her colleagues. 她是个很有能力的领导人, 她的同事一向都是这样认为的. (b) ~ as to do sth; ~ that... (referring forward 用以预指後文): The pain in her foot wasn't such as to stop her walking. 她脚疼, 但还不至於不能行走. * The damage was such that it would cost too much money to repair. 损坏得很严重, 要用很多钱才能修好. 2 (idm 习语) as such as the word is usually understood; in the strict sense of the word 按照某词通用的词义; 根据某词严格的词义: The new job is not a promotion as such but it brings good prospects for the future. 这一新的工作, 严格说来并不算提升, 不过以後很有发展前途. * I can't call my book a best seller as such but it's very popular. 我不敢说我的书是畅销书, 但可以说很受欢迎. such as (a) like; for example 像; 诸如; 例如: Wild flowers such as orchids and primroses are becoming rare. 兰花和报春花之类的野花越来越少了. (b) everything that 凡是: Such as remains after tax will be yours when I die. 我死以後全部财产除了交税以外都给你. ,such as it `is (used to apologize for the poor quality of sth 用以对某物质量不好表示歉意): You're welcome to join us for supper, such as it is we're only having soup and bread. 欢迎你和我们一起吃晚饭, 只是没什麽好吃的--只有汤和面包.

such2
复合： `such-and-such pron, det (thing) of a particular but unspecified type 某种未具体指明的（事物）: Always say at the start of an application that you're applying for such-and-such (a job) because... 在求职信的开头一定要说明你要求某某工作, 理由是....

suchlike
[5sQtFlaik; 5sQtF7laik] pron, det (things) of the same kind 同类的（事物）: * You can buy string, glue, paper-clips and suchlike (items) at the corner shop. 在街角小店里可以买到细绳、 胶水、 回形针之类的东西.

suck
[sQk; sQk] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (a) draw (liquid or air, etc) into the mouth by using the lip muscles （用嘴）吸（液体或气体等）; 吮吸; 啜; 嘬: * suck the juice from an orange 吸橙子的汁 * suck the poison out (of a wound) 吸出（伤口的）毒液 * suck milk through a straw 用吸管吸牛奶喝. =>illus at blow 见blow插图. (b) (of a pump, etc) draw (liquid or air, etc) out of sth （指泵等）抽出（液体或气体等）: * The pump sucks air out (of the vessel) through this valve. 这台泵通过这个阀门把（容器中的）空气抽出. * plants that suck up moisture from the soil 从土壤中吸收水分的植物. 2 [Tn, Cn.a] draw liquid from (sth) 从（某物）中吸出液体: * a baby sucking its mother's breast 正在吃母乳的孩子 * suck an orange dry 把橙子吸乾. 3 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (away) (at/on sth) perform the action of sucking sth 吸食或吮吸某物: * The baby sucked (away) (at its bottle) contentedly. 那婴儿舒适地嘬着（奶瓶）. * The old man was sucking at his pipe. 那老汉正在吸着烟斗. * Suck on the tube to draw up the water. 用管子把水吸上来. 4 [Tn] squeeze or roll (sth) with the tongue while holding it in the mouth 将（某物）含在嘴里: * suck a toffee 含着太妃糖 * a child that sucks its thumb 吮吸拇指的孩子. 5 (idm 习语) milk/suck sb/sth dry => dry1. teach one's grandmother to suck eggs => teach. 6 (phr v) suck sb in/into sth (usu passive 通常用於被动语态) involve sb in (a scandal, an argument, etc), usu unwillingly 将某人卷入（丑闻、 争论等）之中（通常为不情愿者）: * I don't want to get sucked into the row about school reform. 我不愿意牵扯到这场学制改革的争论之中. suck sb/sth under, into, etc sth; suck sb/sth down, in, etc pull sb/sth down, under, etc with great force of water or air （以水或气体的巨大吸力）把某人[某物]吞没: * The canoe was sucked (down) into the whirlpool. 那独木舟卷进漩涡里了.

suck1
* Dangerous currents can suck swimmers under. 险急的水流能把游泳的人吞没. suck up (to sb) (derog sl 贬, 俚) try to please sb by flattering, helping him, etc 奉承或巴结某人; 拍某人马屁: * She sucks up to him by agreeing with everything he says. 她巴结他, 他说什麽话她都同意. 派生： suck n act of sucking 吸; 吮吸; 啜; 咂: have/take a suck (at sth) 吮吸（某物）. 复合： `sucking-pig n young pig still taking its mother's milk 乳猪 ; 还在吃奶的小猪.

sucker
[5sQkE(r); 5sQkl] n 1 (a) organ of certain animals that enables them to stick to a surface by suction （某些动物的）吸盘: * An octopus has suckers on its tentacles 章鱼的腕足上有吸盘. (b) concave (usu rubber) disc that sticks to a surface by suction, and is used eg to attach things to a wall 凹面吸盘（通常用橡胶制成, 可藉吸力附着於平面上, 如用以将物件固着於墙上）. 2 shoot growing from the roots of a tree, shrub, etc 从树等的根部长出的新枝; 根出条. 3 (infml 口) person who is easily deceived 容易受骗的人: * all the suckers who bought these worthless shares 购买这些不值钱的股票的那群外行. 4 ~ for sb/sth (infml 口) person who cannot resist sb/sth or is very fond of sb/sth 抵挡不住某人[某事物]的人; 极喜爱某人[某事物]的人: * I've always been a sucker for romantic movies. 我一向非常喜欢传奇性的影片.

suckle
[5sQkl; 5sQkl] v [Tn] feed (a baby or young animal) with milk from the breast or udder 给（婴儿或小动物）喂奶 =>illus at cow 见cow插图. > suckling[5sQkliN; 5sQkliN] n (idm 习语) out of the mouths of babes and sucklings => mouth1.

sucrose
[5su:krEuz, -rEus; 5su7kroz, -ros] n [U] sugar obtained from sugar-cane and sugar-beet 蔗糖; 甜菜糖.

suction
[5sQkFn; 5sQkFEn] n [U] removal of air to create a partial vacuum, used for making two surfaces stick together or for sucking in liquid, dust, etc by means of air pressure 吸; 抽吸: * Some pumps and all vacuum cleaners work by suction. 有些泵和所有的真空吸尘器都是藉吸力工作的. * Flies' feet stick to surfaces by suction. 苍蝇的脚藉吸力可附着於物体表面上. * [attrib 作定语] a suction pump, pad 抽气泵、 垫.

sudden
[5sQdn; 5sQdn] adj 1 happening, coming or done quickly and unexpectedly 迅速而意外地发生、 出现或做出的; 突然的: * a sudden decision, arrival, increase 突然的决定、 到达、 增加 * a sudden turn in the road 路上的急转弯 * Your marriage was very sudden. Have you thought things over properly? 你结婚太突然了. 都考虑好了吗? 2 (idm 习语) ,all of a `sudden unexpectedly 突然; 出乎意料地: * All of a sudden, the tyre burst. 轮胎突然爆裂了. ,sudden `death deciding the result of a drawn or tied game by playing one more point or game （因胜负未决而延长比赛）加赛一分或一场以决胜负: * [attrib 作定语] a ,sudden-death `play-off 先得分者即为胜方的加时赛. > suddenly adv: * The end came quite suddenly. 结局来得很突然. * Suddenly, everyone started shouting and singing. 突然间, 大家都喊起来、 唱起来了. suddenness n [U].

suds
[sQdz; sQdz] n [pl] 1 mass of tiny bubbles on soapy water （肥皂水上的）泡沫. 2 (US infml 口) beer 啤酒. > sudsy adj: * sudsy water 有肥皂泡沫的水.

sue
[su:; also, in aritish use, 英式英语读作 sju:; su] v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sb) (for sth) make a legal claim (against sb) 控告（某人）; （对某人）提起诉讼: * If you don't complete the work, I will sue you (for damages), ie for money to compensate for my loss. 你不把工作做完, 我就控告你（要你付损害赔偿金）. 2 [Ipr] ~ for sth (fml 文) formally ask for sth, often in a lawcourt 请求（常於法庭上）: * sue for peace 请求和解 * a prisoner suing for mercy 请求饶恕的囚犯 * sue for a divorce 要求离婚.

suede
[sweid; swed] n [U] type of soft leather with one side rubbed so that it has a soft roughened surface 绒面革; 仿麂皮: * [attrib 作定语] a suede coat, dress, etc 绒面革的大衣、 连衣裙等 * suede shoes 绒面革皮鞋.

suet
[ 5su:It; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 5sju:It;`suIt] [U] hard fat from round the kidneys of cattle and sheep, used in cooking （牛羊腰肾部的）硬脂肪油（烹调用）: * [attrib 作定语] a suet pudding, ie one made with flour and suet 牛羊脂肪油布丁. 派生： suety adj like or containing (much) suet 像牛羊脂肪油的; 含（大量）牛羊脂肪油的.

suffer
[5sQfE(r); 5sQfl] v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (from/with/for sth) feel pain, discomfort, great sorrow, etc 感到疼痛、 不适、 悲伤等; 受苦; 吃苦头: * Do you suffer from (ie often have) headaches? 你常头痛吗? * She's suffering from loss of memory. 她患有遗忘症. * He suffers terribly with (ie is pained by) his feet. 他的脚痛得不得了. * He made a rash decision now he's suffering for it. 他做决定太仓促--现在可吃到苦头了. * Think how much the parents of the kidnapped boy must have suffered. 那个男孩儿给拐走了, 想想看他父母得多伤心哪. 2 [Tn] experience or undergo (sth unpleasant) 经历或遭受（不愉快之事）: * suffer pain, torture, defeat 遭受痛苦、 折磨、 失败 * We suffered huge losses in the financial crisis. 我们在金融危机中损失惨重. 3 [I] become worse; lose quality 变坏; 变差; 变糟: * Your studies will suffer if you play too much football. 你要是总踢足球, 功课就糟了. * Her business suffered (eg made less profit) when she was ill. 她患病时, 生意受到了影响. 4 [Tn] (fml 文) tolerate (sth); stand 忍受, 容忍（某事物）; 经得起: * How can you suffer such insolence? 你怎能忍受这样的侮辱呢? 5 (idm 习语) not/never suffer `fools gladly not be patient with people whom one considers to be foolish 对自己认为很笨的人缺乏耐心: * an arrogant, impatient woman who doesn't suffer fools gladly 不愿与笨人为伍的高傲而无耐性的女子. 派生： sufferer[5sQfErE(r); 5sQfErl] n person who suffers 受苦者; 受难者; 受害者; 患病者: * arthritis sufferers 关节炎患者. suffering[5sQfEriN; 5sQfEriN] n 1 [U] pain of body or mind （肉体或内心的）痛苦: * There is so much suffering in this world. 这个世界上多灾多难. 2 sufferings [pl] feelings of pain, unhappiness, etc 痛苦、 不幸等的感觉; 苦恼; 折磨: * the sufferings of the starving refugees 饥饿中的难民所受的折磨.

sufferance
[5sQfErEns; 5sQfErEns] n [U] (idm 习语) on `sufferance tolerated but not actually wanted 得到别人勉强地容忍: * He's here on sufferance. 他是勉强获准留在此地的.

suffice
[sE'fais; sE'fais] v 1 [I, Ipr, It, Tn no passive 不用於被动语态] ~ (for sb/sth) (not in the continuous tenses 不用於进行时态) (fml 文) be enough (for sb/sth); be adequate 能满足（某人[某事物]）之需要的; 足够的: * Will 10 suffice for the trip? 这趟行程10英镑够用吗? * One warning sufficed to stop her doing it. 给她一次警告就足以制止她做那件事了. * A light lunch should suffice me. 有一点儿午饭就够我吃了. 2 (idm 习语) suffice it to say (that)... (used to suggest that even though one could say more, what one does say should be enough to show what one means 用以指不必多说, 只须说...就够了): * I won't go into all the depressing details; suffice it to say that the whole affair was an utter disaster. 我不必细说那些让人听了难受的事, 只说一句就够了, 整件事是个惨祸.

sufficient
[sE'fiFnt; sE'fiFEnt] adj ~ (for sth/sb) enough 足够的; 充足的: * sufficient money, time, fuel 足够的钱、 时间、 燃料 * Is 10 sufficient for your expenses? 10英镑够你用的吗? * Do we have sufficient (food) for ten people? 我们有够十个人吃的（食物）吗? 派生：sufficiency[-nsi; -nsi] n ~ of sth [sing] (fml 文) sufficient quantity of sth 足量; 充足: * a sufficiency of fuel for the winter 足够过冬的燃料. sufficiently adv: not sufficiently careful 不够细心.

suffix
[5sQfiks; 5sQfiks] n letter or group of letters added at the end of a word to make another word, eg -y added to rust to make rusty, or as an inflexion, eg -en in oxen 後缀, 词尾（加在词尾的字母, 用以构成新词, 如将y加在rust字後构成rusty, 或用作屈折成分, 如oxen字中的en）. Cf 参看 prefix.

suffocate
[5sQfEkeit; 5sQfE7ket] v 1 [I, Tn] (cause sb to) die as a result of not being able to breathe （使某人）窒息而死; （将某人）闷死: * Passengers suffocated in the burning aircraft. 乘客在燃烧的飞机中窒息死亡. * The fireman was suffocated by the fumes. 那个消防队员让浓烟憋死了. 2 [I] have difficulty in breathing 呼吸困难; 窒息: * I'm suffocating in here; can't we open a few windows? 我觉得这儿很憋气, 咱们开几扇窗户好吗? 派生： suffocating adj causing difficulty in breathing 使人呼吸困难的; 使人窒息的: the suffocating heat of a tropical night 热带地区晚间窒闷的炎热 * (fig 比喻) a suffocating bureaucracy, ie one which prevents freedom of action 压制自由的官僚政治. suffocation[7sQfE'keiFn; 7sQfE'keFEn] n [U].

suffragan
[5sQfrEgEn; 5sQfrEgEn] adj [attrib 作定语] (ofa bishop) appointed to help another bishop by managingpart of his diocese （指主教）被任命协助另一主教管理部分教区的; 副主教的; 副监督的. 派生： suffragan n suffragan bishop 副主教; 副监督.

suffrage
[5sQfridV; 5sQfridV] n [U] right to vote in political elections （政治性选举的）选举权, 投票权: * universal suffrage, ie the right of all adults to vote 普选权（成年人均有的投票权） * Women had to fight for their suffrage. 妇女须为享有选举权而斗争. 派生： suffragette[7sQfrE'dVet; 7sQfrE'dVet] n member of a group of women who, in the early part of the 20th century, campaigned in Britain for women's suffrage *20世纪初英国为争取妇女选举权而开展斗争的妇女团体之成员.

suffuse
[sE'fju:z; sE'fjuz] v [Tn, Tn.pr esp passive 尤用於被动语态] ~ sth (with sth) (esp of colour or moisture) spread all over sth （尤指颜色或水气）弥漫於某物, 布满, 充满: * A blush suffused his cheeks. 他瞬间满脸通红. * The evening sky was suffused with crimson. 黄昏时分天空红霞灿灿. > suffusion/sE'fju:Vn; sE'fjuVEn] n [U].

sugar
[5FugE(r); 5Fugl] n 1 (a) [U] sweet substance obtained from the juices of various plants, used in cooking and for sweetening tea, coffee, etc 食糖: * Don't eat too much sugar. 糖不要吃得太多. * Do you take sugar? ie Do you have it in your tea, etc? 你要放糖吗（你喝茶等加糖吗）? * [attrib 作定语] a sugar plantation, refinery, bowl 糖料作物种植园、 炼糖厂、 糖罐. (b) [C] cube or teaspoonful of sugar 一块方糖; 一茶匙糖: * Two sugars in my coffee, please! 请在我的咖啡里放两块方糖! 2 (infml 口 esp US) (used as a form of address to sb one likes 用作亲热的称呼语): * Hello, sugar, nice to see you! 喂, 亲爱的, 见到你真高兴! 派生： sugar v [Tn] 1 sweeten or coat (sth) with sugar 在（某物）中加糖; 给（某物）裹上糖衣: Is this tea sugared? 这茶放糖了吗? * sugared almonds 糖衣杏仁. 2 (idm 习语) ,sugar/,sweeten the `pill => pill. sugary[5FugEri; 5FugEri] adj 1 tasting of sugar; sweet 甜的; 含糖的: * sugary tea 甜茶. 2 (fig derog 比喻, 贬) too sentimental or flattering 甜情蜜意的; 甜言蜜语的: * a sugary love scene in a film 电影中柔情蜜意的爱情场面. sugariness n [U]. 复合： `sugar-beet n [U] vegetable from whose large round roots sugar is made 甜菜; 糖萝卜. `sugar-cane n [U] tall tropical grass from which sugar is made 甘蔗. ,sugar-`coated adj 1 coated with sugar 有糖衣的; 裹糖的. 2 (fig derog 比喻, 贬) made to seem attractive 巧为粉饰的; 表面上吸引人的: a ,sugar-coated `promise 甜言蜜语的许诺. `sugar-daddy n (infml 口) rich man who is generous to a younger woman, usu in return for sexual favours 对年轻女子慷慨的阔男子（通常为换取性方面的好处）. `sugar-lump n small cube of sugar, used to sweeten tea, coffee, etc 方糖. `sugar-maple n N American maple tree, the sap of which is used to make sugar and syrup 糖槭（产於北美洲, 树汁可制糖和糖浆）.

sugar1
`sugar-tongs n [pl] small tongs for picking up lumps of sugar at table （餐桌上用的）方糖夹子: a pair of sugar-tongs 一把方糖夹子.

suggest
[sE'dVest; - sEg'dV-; sEg'dVest] v 1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tf, Tw, Tg, Cn.n/a] ~ sb (for sth); ~ sb/sth (as sth) put sth/sb forward for consideration 提出某事物[某人]供考虑; 提议; 建议: * I suggest a tour of the museum. 我提议去参观博物馆. * Whom would you suggest for the job? 你建议由谁来做这工作? * I wrote suggesting that he should come for the weekend. 我写信请他来度周末. * Can you suggest how we might tackle the problem? 我们怎样处理这问题, 你能给出个主意吗? * He suggested taking the children to the zoo. 他提议带孩子们去动物园. * I suggest Paris as a good place for a honeymoon. 我提议去巴黎, 那是度蜜月的好去处. (b) [Dn.pr, Dpr.f, Dpr.w] ~ sth to sb propose sth to sb 向某人提议某事物: * What did you suggest to the manager? 你向经理提了什麽建议? * I suggested to him that we should tackle the problem another way. 我向他建议我们用另一种方式处理这个问题. 2 [Tn, Tf, Dn.pr, Dpr.f] ~ sth (to sb) put (an idea, etc) into sb's mind 使某人想到（某事物）: * Which illness do these symptoms suggest (to you)? 这些症状（照你看来）像是什麽病? * His cool response suggested that he didn't like the idea. 他反应冷淡表明他并不喜欢这个主意. 3 [Tn, Tf] state (sth) indirectly; imply 间接表明（某事物）; 暗示; 意味着: * `Are you suggesting that I'm not telling the truth?’ `I wouldn't suggest such a thing for a moment.’ ‘你的意思是不是说我没说实话?’‘我没有那个意思.’ 4 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ itself (to sb) come into sb's mind; occur to sb 出现在心头; 想到: * I tried to think what could have happened, but nothing suggested itself. 我尽力回想到底出了什麽事, 但什麽也想不起来. * An idea suggests itself to me. 我想起一个主意来. 派生： suggestible[-Ebl; -Ebl] adj easily influenced易受影响的: * I did many stupid things when I was young and suggestible. 我年轻时受外界的影响做过不少傻事.suggestibility/sE7dVestE'bilEti; - sEg7dV-; sEg7dVestE'bilEti]

suggest1
n [U]. suggestive[-iv; -iv] adj 1 ~ (of sth) putting particular ideas or associations into sb's mind 提示的; 暗示的; 引起联想的: * an aroma suggestive of spring flowers 使人想起春天的花朵的一种香气 * a complex, suggestive poem 意蕴很深的、 予人以丰富联想的诗篇. 2 making sb think of improper (esp sexual) things 使人产生邪念（尤指淫乱思想）的: * He gave her a suggestive glance, and she blushed. 他用挑逗的目光看了她一眼, 羞得她满脸通红. suggestively adv.

suggestion
[sE'dVestFEn; - sEg'dV-; sEg'dVestFEn] n 1 [U] suggesting (suggest1) or being suggested 提议; 建议: * On/At your suggestion (ie Because you suggested it) I bought the more expensive model. 遵照你的建议, 我买了较贵的这种型号. 2 [C] ~ (that...) idea, plan, etc or person that is suggested 提议或建议的内容（主意、 计画、 人选等）: * I want suggestions about what to do today. 今天做什麽, 我想听听有何意见. * Janet was my first suggestion as chairperson. 珍妮特是我推荐可任主席的第一人选. * There's no suggestion that she should resign, ie That would be completely unthinkable. 没有任何迹象显示她要辞职. 3 [C usu sing 通常作单数] slight amount (of sth that can be detected) 微量; 徵象: * speak English with the suggestion of a French accent 说英语稍带法国口音. 4 [U] putting an idea, etc into sb's mind through linking it to other ideas, pictures, etc 暗示; 联想: * Most advertisements work through suggestion. 广告多通过启发人的联想力而发挥作用.

suicide
[ 5su:IsaId; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 5sju:I-; `suE9saId] n 1 (a) [U] killing oneself intentionally 自杀: * commit suicide 自杀 * four cases of suicide 四起自杀案件. (b) [C] act of this 自杀行为: * three suicides in one week 一周中的叁起自杀事件. 2 [C] person who commits suicide 自杀者. 3 [U] (fig 比喻) any action that may have serious consequences for oneself 给自己带来严重後果的行为: * political suicide, ie action by a politician that will ruin his career 政治上的自杀（政治家自毁前程） * economic suicide, eg adopting policies that will ruin the economy 经济上的自杀（如施行导致经济崩溃的政策）. 派生： suicidal/ 9su:I5saIdl; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 9sju:I-; 9suE`saIdl] adj 1 of suicide; likely to lead to suicide 自杀的; 可能导致自杀的: * suicidal tendencies 自杀倾向 * in a suicidal state 处於可能自杀的状态. 2 (of a person) likely to commit suicide （指人）有自杀倾向的: * She's feeling suicidal today. 她今天想自杀. 3 likely to lead to one's ruin 可能导致自我毁灭的: * a suicidal policy 自取灭亡的政策. suicidally[-dEli; -dli] adv: * suicidally depressed 抑郁消沉得想自杀.

suit
1[ su:t; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 sju:t; sut] n 1 (a) set of outer garments of the same material, usu a jacket and trousers for a man and a jacket and skirt for a woman （同一料子的）一套外衣（通常指男子的短上衣和裤子, 或女子的短上衣和裙子）: * a `business suit 一套西装 * a ,pin-stripe `lounge suit 一套细条纹西装 * a ,two-/,three-piece `suit, ie of two/three garments 两[叁]件式套装 * a `dress suit, ie a man's formal evening suit 男子的晚礼服 * a `trouser-suit, ie a woman's suit of jacket and trousers 长裤套装（包括短上衣和裤子的女装）. (b) set of clothing for a particular activity （为某活动的）套装: * a `spacesuit 宇航服 * a `diving suit 潜水服 * an as`bestos suit, eg to protect sb from heat 石棉服（如用以隔热） * a ,suit of `armour 一套盔甲. 2 any of the four sets (ie spades, hearts, clubs, diamonds) forming a pack of playing-cards （组成一副纸牌的）四种花色（即黑桃、 红桃、 梅花、 方块）的牌中的任何一种. =>illus at playing-card 见playing-card插图. 3 (also `lawsuit) case in a lawcourt; legal proceedings 诉讼案件; 法律程序: * file/bring a suit against sb 对某人提起诉讼 * a criminal/civil suit 刑事[民事]诉讼 * a divorce suit 离婚诉讼. 4 (fml 文) request made to a person in authority, esp a ruler （向权威人物, 尤指当权者提的）请求, 恳求: * grant sb's suit 答应某人的请求 * press one's suit, ie beg persistently 执意恳求. 5 (idm 习语) follow suit => follow. in one's birthday suit => birthday. one's/sb's strong suit => strong. 派生： -suited (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) wearing a suit of the specified kind 穿着一套某类服装的: sober-suited city businessmen. suiting n [U] material for making suits 套装衣料: serge suiting 哔叽套装衣料. 复合： `suitcase n case with flat sides, used for carrying clothes, etc when travelling 手提衣箱; 小提箱. =>illus at luggage 见luggage插图.

suitable
[ 5su:tEbl; also, in British use, 英式英语读作5sju:t-; `sutEbl] adj ~ (for/to sth/sb) right or appropriatefor a purpose or an occasion 适合的; 适宜的; 恰当的: * a suitable room, book, proposal, date 合适的房间、 书、 建议、 日期 * clothes suitable for cold weather 适於冷天穿的衣服 * a place suitable for a picnic 适合野餐的地方 * a suitable case for (eg surgical, psychiatric, etc) treatment 适於（如外科、 精神病等）治疗的病人 * Would now be a suitable moment to show the slides? 现在放幻灯片合适吗? > suitability[7su:tE'bilEti; 7sutE'bilEti] , suitablenessns [U]. suitably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv: * go to a party suitably dressed 穿着得体去参加聚会.

suitor
[ 5su:tE(r); also, in British use, 英式英语读作 5sju:-; `sutL] n (dated 旧) man courting a woman 追求某女子的人: * She had rejected all her many suitors. 她拒绝了所有追求她的人.

sulfate
(US) = sulphate.

sulfide
(US) = sulphide.

sulfur
(US) = sulphur.

sulk
[sQlk; sQlk] v [I, Ipr] ~ (about/over sth) (derog 贬) be silent or unsociable as a result of bad temper or resentment （因发脾气）不答理人; 生闷气: * He's been sulking for days about being left out of the team. 他嗔怪队里没要他, 连日生着闷气. 派生： the sulks n [pl] (infml 口) fit of sulking 生闷气: have (a fit of) the sulks 生（一阵）闷气. sulky adj (-ier, -iest) having or showing a tendency to sulk 生闷气的: a sulky person, look, mood 生着闷气的人、 样子、 心情. sulkily[-ili; -ili] adv. sulkiness n [U].

sullen
[5sQlEn; 5sQlEn] adj (derog 贬) 1 silent, bad-tempered and gloomy 不答理人的; 脾气坏的; 闷闷不乐的: * a sullen person, look 郁郁寡欢的人、 样子 * All my attempts to amuse the children were met with sullen scowls. 我想尽办法哄这些孩子玩儿, 但是他们总是满脸不高兴. 2 (esp rhet 尤作修辞) dark and gloomy; dismal 阴沉的; 阴郁的: * a sullen sky 阴沉的天空. > sullenly adv. sullenness n [U].

sully
[5sQli; 5sQli] v (pt, pp sullied) [Tn] (fml or rhet usu fig 文或修辞, 通常作比喻) make (sth) dirty; stain; ruin or destroy (sb's reputation, etc) 弄脏（某物）; 玷污或破坏（某人的名声等）: * I wouldn't sully my hands by acceptinga bribe. 我决不接受贿赂, 一尘不染. * sully sb's name, honour, etc 玷污某人的名声、 荣誉等.

sulpha drug
(US sulfa drug)[5sQlfE drQg; 5sQlfE7drQg] = sulphonamide.

sulphate
(US sulfate)[5sQlfeit; 5sQlfet] n [C, U] compound of sulphuric acid and another chemical 硫酸盐; 硫酸酯: * copper sulphate 硫酸铜.

sulphide
(US sulfide)[5sQlfaid; 5sQlfaid] n [C, U] compound of sulphur and another element 硫化物.

sulphonamide
(US sulfo-, sulpha drug)[sQl'fCnEmaid; sQl'fanEmaid] n any of a group of chemical compounds which are used to kill bacteria 磺胺类药.

sulphur
(US sulfur)[5sQlfE(r); 5sQlfl] n [U] chemical element, a light-yellow non-metallic solid that burns with a bright flame and a strong smell, used in medicine and industry 硫; 硫磺. =>App 10 见附录10. 派生： sulphuretted (US sulfur-)[5sQlfjuretid; 5sQlfjuretid] adj [attrib 作定语] (of a compound) containing sulphur （指化合物）硫化的: * sulphuretted hydrogen, ie hydrogen sulphide 硫化氢. sulphuric (US sulfu-)[sQl'fjuErik; sQl'fjurik] adj containing a proportion of sulphur 含硫的. sulphuric acid type of very strong corrosive acid 硫酸. sulphurous (US sulfu-)[5sQlfErEs; 5sQlfErEs] adj 1 of or like sulphur （似）硫的: * a sulphurous smell coming from the laboratory 实验室散发出来的硫磺气味 * the volcano's sulphurous fumes 火山冒出的硫化蒸气. 2 containing a proportion of sulphur 含硫的.

sultan
[5sQltEn; 5sQltn] n sovereign ruler of certain Muslim countries 苏丹（某些穆斯林国家的最高统治者）: * the Sultan of Brunei 文莱国的苏丹. 派生： sultanate[5sQltEneit; 5sQltnet] n 1 position or period of rule of a sultan 苏丹的地位或统治期. 2 territory ruled by a sultan 苏丹统治的领土: * the Sultanate of Oman 阿曼国苏丹统治的领土.

sultana
[sQl'ta:nE; - -AnE; sQl'tAnE] n 1 small seedless raisin used in puddings and cakes 一种无子的小葡萄乾（做布丁和糕饼用）. 2 wife, mother, sister or daughter of a sultan 苏丹的女眷（妻室、 母亲、 姐妹或女儿）.

sultry
[5sQltri; 5sQltri] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 (of the weather, air, etc) oppressively hot and humid （指天气、 空气等）湿热难耐的, 闷热的: * a sultry summer afternoon 夏天的一个闷热的下午. 2 (of a woman or her looks) darkly and sensually beautiful （指女子或其神态）隐现肉体美的: * a sultry smile 迷人的微笑 * a sultry Mexican beauty 标致的墨西哥美人. > sultrily[-trEli; -trili] adv. sultriness n [U].

sum
[sQm; sQm] n 1 [C often pl 常作复数] arithmetical calculation 算术: * do a sum in one's head 做心算 * be good at sums 擅长算术. 2 [C] ~ (of sth) amount of money 金额; 款项: * He was fined the sum of 200. 他被处以200英镑罚金. * Huge sums have been invested in this project. 在这个项目中投入了大量资金. 3 (a) [C usu sing 通常作单数] ~ (of sth) total obtained by adding together numbers, amounts or items 总数; 总和: * The sum of 5 and 3 is 8. 5加3的和是8. (b) [sing] (also ,sum `total) the ~ of sth all of sth, esp when it is considered as not being enough 总共, 全部（尤含数量不足之意）: * Is that the sum of what you've done in the last two years? 这就是你最近两年中完成的全部数量吗? 4 (idm 习语) in `sum (dated 旧) in a few words 简言之; 总而言之: * In sum, the plan failed. 总之, 计画告吹了. 派生： sum v (-mm-) (phr v) sum (sth) up (a) give a brief summary (of sth) 总结, 概括（某事物）: Now sum up (your views) in a few words. 现在（把你的观点）用几句话来概括一下. (b) (of a judge) summarize the evidence or arguments in a legal case （指法官）归纳证词或双方论点. sum sb/sth up form an opinion of sb/sth 形成对某人[某事物]的看法: I summed her up as a competent manager. 我认为她是个很能干的经理. * He summed up the situation at a glance, ie realized at once what was happening. 他一眼就看清了当时的情况. ,summing-`up n (pl summings-up) speech in which a judge sums up the evidence or arguments in a legal case （讼案中法官对证词或辩论情况做的）概述. 复合： ,sum `total 1 final total, esp as formed by adding other totals together 总数, 总额（尤指各总数相加的）. 2 = sum 3b.

summary
[5sQmEri; 5sQmEri] n 1 brief statement of themain points of sth 总结; 摘要; 概要: * a two-page summaryof a government report 共两页的政府报告摘要 * Here is a summary of the news/a news summary. 以下是新闻摘要. 2 (idm 习语) in `summary as a brief statement of the main point(s) 总的说来; 归纳起来: * And so I would say, in summary, that the campaign has been a great success. 因此我认为, 总的看来, 这场运动成绩很大. 派生： summary adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] 1 (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) done or given immediately, without attention to details or formal procedure 即刻作出或给予的（未顾及细节或正常程序）: summary justice, punishment, methods 即决裁判、 当场的处罚、 简易的方法 * Such an offence will lead to a summary fine. 这类过错要当场予以罚款. 2 giving the main points only; brief 概括的; 扼要的; 简明的: a summary account of a long debate 对一长时的辩论的概述. summarily[5sQmErEli; - sE'merEli; sE'merEli] adv: * summarily dismissed 立即开除. summarize, -ise[5sQmEraiz; 5sQmE7raiz] v [I, Tn] be or make a summary of (sth) 总结, 概括（某事物）: * a talk summarizing recent trends in philosophy 概述当前哲学界动态的讲话.

summation
[sQ'meiFn; sQm'eFEn] n (fml 文) 1 summing-up; summary 总结; 概括: * begin a summation of the evidence presented 对提供的证词进行总结. 2 addition 加（法）: * do a rapid summation of the figures 把数字很快加起来. 3 gathering together of different parts to form a representative whole （各部分聚集一起而形成的）有代表性的整体: * The exhibition was a summation of his life's work. 这次展览汇集了他一生中典型的作品.

summer
[5sQmE(r); 5sQml] n [U, C] 1 the second and warmest season of the year outside the tropics, coming between spring and autumn, ie from June to August inthe northern hemisphere 夏; 夏天; 夏季: * In (the) summerwe go on holiday. 夏天我们常去度假. * in the summer of 1979 在1979年的夏季 * this/next/last summer 今年[明年/去年]夏天 * a cool, hot, wet, etc summer 凉爽的、 炎热的、 多雨的...夏天 * a lovely summer's day 夏日晴朗的一天 * (rhet 修辞) a girl of ten summers, ie ten years of age 十岁的女孩儿 * [attrib 作定语] summer weather 夏季的天气 * the summer holidays 暑假 * a summer cottage, ie for use during the summer 消夏的小屋舍. 2 (idm 习语) an Indian summer => Indian. one swallow does not make a summer => swallow2. 派生： summery[5sQmEri; 5sQmEri] adj typical of orsuitable for the summer 夏季的; 适合夏季的: * a summeryday 夏季的一天 * a summery dress 夏天穿的连衣裙. 复合： `summer-house n small hut with seats in a garden, park, etc, providing shade in the summer （花园、 公园等的）凉亭. ,summer `pudding (Brit) pudding of fruits such as raspberries and currants pressed into a case of bread 夏令布丁（用悬钩子和无子小葡萄乾等做的点心）. `summer school course of lectures, etc held in the summer vacation, esp at a university 暑期学校; （尤指大学开办的）暑期班. `summer-time n [U] season of summer 夏季: It's beautiful here in (the) summer-time. 夏天这里很美. `summer time (Brit) (US `fast time) time kept one hour in advance of the actual time during summer, giving long light evenings 夏令时间. Cf 参看 daylight saving (daylight).

summit
[5sQmit; 5sQmit] n 1 highest point; top, esp of a mountain 最高点; 顶点; （尤指）山顶: * climb to the summit 登上山顶 * (fig 比喻) the summit of her career, ambition, etc 她事业的颠峰、 最大的抱负等. =>illus at mountain 见mountain插图. 2 meeting between the heads of two or more governments, esp of the world's most powerful countries 最高级会议（政府首脑间的, 尤指强国的）: * attend a summit in Washington 出席在华盛顿召开的最高级会议 * [attrib 作定语] a summit talk/meeting/conference 最高级会谈[会晤/会议] * the summit powers 参加最高级会议的强国.

summon
[5sQmEn; 5sQmEn] v 1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p, Dn.t] ~ sb (to sth); ~ sb (together) send a message telling sb to come; call (people) together 召唤某人; 召集（大家）: * I was summoned by my boss (to explain my actions). 老板把我召去（要我对自己的行为做出解释）. * The shareholders were summoned to a general meeting. 已召集了股东开全体大会. * Summon the pupils together in the school hall. 把学生召集到学校的礼堂里. (b) [Tn, Dn.t] order (sb) to attend a lawcourt; summons (sb) 传唤（某人）出庭; 召唤（某人）: * The debtor was summoned (to appear before the magistrates). （地方法官）已传唤债务人出庭. 2 [Tn] order a group of people to attend (a meeting, etc) 召开（会议等）: * summon a conference 召开会议 * The Queen has summoned Parliament. 女王已召集了议会开会. 3 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) force (a particular quality) to come as if from deep inside oneself, in an attempt to do sth 发挥出（某品性）来做某事: * summon (up) one's courage for the battle 鼓起勇气进行战斗 * I had to summon (up) all my nerve to face my boss. 我得鼓足勇气去见上司. * I can't summon up much enthusiasm for the project. 这计画引不起我多大兴趣. 4 (phr v) summon sth up cause sth to come into the mind; evoke sth 使某事物浮现於脑际; 唤起某事物: * a smell which summons up memories of my childhood 使我回忆起童年事的一种气味.

sump
[sQmp; sQmp] n 1 casing under an engine holding the lubricating oil （发动机下面的）润滑油箱. 2 cavity or hollow area into which waste liquid drains 污水坑; 聚水坑.

sumptuous
[5sQmptFuEs; 5sQmptFuEs] adj looking expensive and splendid 华贵的; 豪华的; 奢华的: * a sumptuous feast 盛宴 * sumptuous clothes 华贵的服装. > sumptuously adv. sumptuousness n [U].

sun
[sQn; sQn] n 1 (also the sun) [sing] the star around which the earth orbits and from which it receives lightand warmth 太阳; 日: * the sun's rays 太阳的光线 * sendinga space probe to the sun 向太阳发射一个航天探测器 * A watery sun shone through the rain-clouds. 太阳透过雨云发出有雨意的光. 2 (also the sun) [sing, U] light and warmth from the sun; sunshine 太阳的光和热; 日光; 阳光: * sit in the sun 坐在阳光下 * have the sun in one's eyes 阳光照眼 * draw the curtains to shut out/let in the sun 拉窗 遮蔽[放进]阳光 * I like lots of sun on holiday. 我喜欢在假日里多晒太阳. 3 [C] any star, esp one around which planets orbit 星体; （尤指）恒星: * There are many suns larger than ours. 有许多恒星比我们的太阳还要大. 4 (idm 习语) catch the sun => catch1.make hay while the sun shines => hay. a place in the sun => place1. under the `sun (anywhere) in the world 在世界上（任何地方）: * the best wine under the sun 世界上最好的酒 * every country under the sun 世界上每一个国家. with the `sun at dawn or sunset 在日出或日落时; 在黎明或傍晚时分: * get up/go to bed with the sun 黎明即起[日落而息]. 派生： sun v (-nn-) [Tn] `~ oneself expose oneself to the rays of the sun 晒太阳: He sat in a deck-chair `sunning himself. 他坐在帆布躺椅上晒太阳. sunless adj without sunshine; receiving little or no sunlight 无阳光的; 阳光不足的; 晒不到太阳的: a sunless day, room 阴天、 无阳光的房间. sunny adj (-ier, -iest) 1 bright with sunlight; receiving much sunlight 阳光充足的; 阳光很强的: a sunny day, room, garden 晴朗的一天、 向阳的房间、 阳光充足的花园. 2 (fig 比喻) cheerful 快活的; 愉快的: a sunny smile, disposition, welcome 快活的微笑、 性情、 欢迎 * She always looks on the sunny side, ie is optimistic. 她总是看到光明的一面（即很乐观）. sunnily[-ili; -ili]

sun1
adv. sunniness n [U]. ,sunny-side `up (US) (of an egg) fried on one side only （指蛋）只煎一面的. 复合： `sun-baked adj (a) made hard by the heat of the sun （太阳）晒硬或晒乾的: sun-baked mud, fields, etc 晒硬的泥土、 晒乾的田地. (b) receiving much sunlight; very sunny 阳光充足的; 阳光很强的: sun-baked beaches 烈日下的海滩. `sunbathe v [I] expose one's body to the sun, eg to become sun-tanned 晒太阳; 沐日光浴. `sunbeam n ray of sunshine 日光; 阳光. `sun-blind n curtain, awning, etc that stops sunlight coming through a window （阻止阳光进入窗内的）遮 , 遮篷, 遮挡物. `sunburn n [U] reddening and blistering of the skin caused by being in the sun too much 晒伤的皮肤; 晒斑. Cf 参看 sun-tan. sunburned, sunburnt[5sQnbE:nt;'sQn7bEnt] adjs (a) suffering from sunburn 皮肤晒伤的: * sunburnt shoulders 晒伤的肩膀. (b) sun-tanned 晒黑的. sundial[5sQndaiEl; 5sQn7daiEl] n device showing the time on a clock-like dial by means of a pointer whose shadow moves as the sun moves across the sky 日规; 日晷（仪）. `sundown n [U] (esp US) sunset 日落（时分）. `sundowner n 1 (Austral 澳) tramp who usu arrives (at a sheep farm, etc) at sunset, looking for a place to sleep 通常於日落时分赶到（牧羊场等处）找地方过夜的流浪者. 2 (Brit infml 口) (usu alcoholic) drink taken at sunset （通常含酒精的）傍晚喝的饮料. `sun-drenched adj (approv 褒) receiving great heat and light from the sun 充满阳光的: sun-drenched beaches along the Riviera 里维埃拉一带阳光充足的海滩. `sunfish n large sea fish that is almost round, like a ball 太阳鱼（海中的一种大鱼, 体圆如球）. `sunflower n tall garden plant having large flowers with yellow petals round a dark centre 向日葵: [attrib 作定语] sunflower seeds, oil 葵花子、 葵花子油. `sun-glasses n [pl] glasses with dark lenses to protect the wearer's eyes from bright sunlight 太阳眼镜; 墨镜: a pair of sun-glasses 一副墨镜.

sun2
`sun-god n the sun worshipped as a god 太阳神. `sun-hat n hat made to shade the head and neck from sunlight 太阳帽; 遮阳帽. `sun-lamp n lamp producing ultra-violet light, with effects like those of sunlight, used eg for tanning the body 太阳灯（能产生紫外线的）. `sunlight n [U] light of the sun 日光; 太阳光. `sunlit adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] lighted by the sun 阳光照耀的; 被阳光照射的: a sunlit garden, scene, landscape 阳光灿烂的花园、 景象、 景色. `sun lounge (Brit) (US `sun parlor, `sun porch) room, veranda, etc with glass sides, and situated so as to receive much sunlight 日光浴室、 浴廊等（用玻璃做围墙, 以吸收大量阳光）. `sun-ray n ray of ultra-violet light as used on the body for tanning or for medical reasons （日光浴或医疗所用的）紫外线: [attrib 作定语] a sun-ray lamp 紫外线灯 * sun-ray treatment 紫外线疗法. `sunrise n [U] (time of the) rising of the sun; dawn 日出（时分）; 黎明: She got up at sunrise. 她黎明即起. `sunrise industry new and expanding industry 新兴工业; 发展中的工业. `sun-roof n (also ,sunshine `roof) panel on the roof of a car that can be opened to let in air and sunshine （汽车的）天窗. `sunset n 1 [U] (time of the) setting of the sun 日落（时分）; 傍晚: finish work at sunset 傍晚时做完工作. 2 [C] appearance of the sky at sunset 落日馀辉; 晚霞: the beautiful sunsets in the desert 沙漠里落日的美景. `sunshade n 1 umbrella for protecting sb from hot sunshine 阳伞. Cf 参看 parasol. 2 sun-blind 遮阳篷. `sunshine n [U] 1 light and heat of the sun 太阳的光和热; 阳光: sitting out in the bright/warm sunshine 坐在室外灿烂[温暖]的阳光下. 2 (fig infml 比喻, 口) cheerfulness 快活; 愉快: the loss of her closest friend which took the sunshine out of her life 她那最亲密友伴的丧生, 使她在生活中失去欢愉. 3 (Brit infml 口) (used for addressing sb, usu in a cheerful and friendlyway 用作称呼语, 通常表示快活和友好): Hello, sunshine!喂, 你好!

sun3
4 (idm 习语) a ray of sunshine => ray. ,sunshine `roof = sun-roof. `sunspot n 1 (astronomy 天) any of the dark patches that sometimes appear on the sun's surface, causing electrical disturbances and interfering with radio communications （太阳）黑子; 日斑. 2 (infml 口) place that has a sunny climate (eg for holidays) 多阳光的地方（如度假胜地）. `sunstroke n [U] illness caused by being exposed to the heat and light of the sun too much 日射病; 中暑. `sun-tan n browning of the skin from exposing it to the sun （皮肤的）晒黑: get a good sun-tan 皮肤晒成健美的古铜色 * [attrib 作定语] sun-tan oil, lotion, cream, etc 防晒油、 液、 霜等. Cf 参看 sunburn. `sun-tanned adj: her sun-tanned legs 她那晒得黑黑的腿. `sun-trap n warm sunny place that is sheltered from the wind 向阳避风处. `sun-up n [U] (US infml 口) sunrise 日出（时分）; 黎明. `sun-worship n [U] 1 worship of the sun as a god 太阳崇拜（视太阳为神）. 2 (infml 口) extreme fondness for sun-bathing 极爱日光浴. `sun-worshipper n.

sundae
[5sQndei; - -di:; 5sQndi] n dish of ice-cream with crushed fruit, fruit-juice, nuts, etc 叁德冰激凌（加有压碎的水果、 果汁、 果仁等的）: * a peach sundae 一份桃的叁德冰激凌.

Sunday
[5sQndi; 5sQndi] n (abbr 缩写 Sun) 1 [C, U] the first day of the week (coming before Monday), a day of rest and worship for Christians 星期日; 星期天; （基督教徒的）礼拜日. 2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] newspaper published on a Sunday 每逢星期日出版的报纸; 星期日刊. 3 (idm 习语) for/in a month of Sundays => month. one's Sunday `best (infml joc 口, 谑) one's best clothes （自己的衣服中）最好的衣服: * Go to the party in your Sunday best. 穿上你最好的衣服去参加聚会. 复合： `Sunday school class held on Sundays at which children receive religious teaching 主日学校（於星期日授课, 对儿童进行宗教知识教育）. For the uses of Sunday see the examples at Monday. 关於Sunday的用法见Monday词条中的示例.

sunder
[5sQndE(r); 5sQndl] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth/sb (from sth/sb) (fml or rhet 文或修辞) separate sth/sb, esp by force or for ever 将某事物[某人]分开（尤指强制性地或永久性地）.

sundry
[5sQndri; 5sQndri] adj [attrib 作定语] 1 various 不同的; 各种的: * on sundry occasions 在各种场合 * rice, flour and sundry other items of food 米、 面粉及其他各种食物. 2 (idm 习语) ,all and `sundry (infml 口) everyone, without discrimination 每个人（一视同仁）: * She invited all and sundry to her party. 她邀请所有的人都来参加聚会. 派生： sundries n [pl] various (esp small) items not separately named 杂物; 杂项: My expenses claim includes 15 for sundries. 我的报销申请中包括15英镑杂项支出.

sung
pp of sing.

sunk
pt, pp of sink1.

sunken
[5sQNkEn; 5sQNkEn] adj 1 [attrib 作定语] that has gone to the bottom of the sea 沉没海底的: * a sunken ship 沉船 * sunken treasure 沉入海底的金银财宝. 2 (of cheeks, etc) hollow as a result of hunger, illness, etc （指面颊等）（因饥饿、 疾病等）凹陷的: * the sunken eyes of the dying man 那垂死男子的凹陷的眼睛. 3 [attrib 作定语] at a lower level than the surrounding area 比周围低的: * a sunken terrace at the bottom of the garden 在园子尽头低洼处的梯田.

sup
[sQp; sQp] v (-pp-) 1 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) (Brit dialect 方) drink sth in small amounts 一点点地喝某物: * They sat supping their beer. 他们坐着一小口一小口地喝着啤酒. * Come on, sup up your tea. 来, 把茶喝了吧. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (on/off sth) (arch 古) eat supper 吃晚饭: * We supped on cold roast beef. 我们晚饭吃的是凉的烤牛肉. 派生： sup n (Brit dialect 方) small amount of liquid drunk （喝下的）少量饮料: a sup of ale 少量麦芽啤酒.

super
duper, superduper

superabundant
[ 9su:pErE5bQndEnt; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 9sju:-; 9supErE`bQndEnt] (fml 文) very abundant; more than enough 极多的; 过剩的: * a superabundant harvest 特大丰收. 派生： superabundance[-Ens; -Ens] n [U, sing] ~ (of sth) (fml 文) amount that is more than enough 过多; 过剩: * food in superabundance 过剩的食物 * a superabundance of fuel 燃料的过剩.

superannuate
[ 9su:pE5rAnjUeIt; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 9sju:-; 9supL`AnjJ9et] v [Tn] send (an employee) into retirement with a pension 使（雇员）退休（有养老金）. 派生： superannuated adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (infml esp joc 口, 尤作戏谑语) old and barely fit for work or use 年老不适於工作的; 陈旧不宜使用的: Are you still riding that superannuated old bike? 你还骑那辆老掉牙的自行车吗? superannuation/ 9su:pE9rAnjU5eIFn; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 9sju:-; 9supL9AnjJ`eFEn] n [U]1 superannuating 退休（有养老金）. 2 (money paid towards a) pension that one gets when one retires 退休金.

superb
[ su:5p\:b; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 sju:-; sJ`p[b] adj excellent; splendid 卓越的; 杰出的; 极好的: * a superb player, painting, view 极好的运动员、 画、 景色 * The sports facilities are superb. 运动设施是第一流的. > superbly adv.

supercharge
[ 5su:pEtFB:dV; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 5sju:-; 9supL`tFBrdV] v [Tn] increase the power of (an engine) by supplying air or fuel above the normal pressure 用增压法提高（发动机）的功率: * a supercharged racing-car (engine) 提高功率的赛车（发动机）. 派生： supercharger n device that supercharges an engine 增压器.

supercilious
[ 9su:pE5sIlIEs; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 9sju:-; 9supL`sIlIEs] adj (derog 贬) thinking or showing that one thinks one is better than other people; arrogant and disdainful 自高自大的; 倨傲不逊的; 目空一切的: * a supercilious person, smile, attitude 傲慢的人、 微笑、 态度 * The shop assistant was very supercilious towards me when I asked for some help. 我要买东西招呼售货员时, 那个售货员对我不屑一顾. > superciliously adv. superciliousness n [U].

superconductivity
[ 9su:pE9kCndQk5tIvEtI; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 9sju:-; 9supL9kBndQk`tIvEtI] n [U] (physics 物) property of certain metals, at temperatures near absolute zero, of having no electrical resistance, so that once a current is started it flows without a voltage to keep it going 超导电性. 派生： superconductor/ 9su:pEkEn5dQktE(r); also, in British use, 英式英语读作 9sju:-; 9supLkEn`dQktL] n metal that possesses superconductivity 超导体.

superficial
[ 9su:pE5fIFl; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 9sju:-; 9supL`fIFEl] adj 1 of or on the surface only 表面的; 在表面上的: * a superficial wound 表皮的损伤 * Superficial scratches can be easily removed. 表层的划痕很容易除掉. 2 apparent when looked at quickly or carelessly, but perhaps not real 表面的（乍看起来的, 未必真实）: * a superficial similarity 表面上的相似. 3 (a) not thorough or profound 肤浅的; 浅薄的: * a superficial book, mind 立论肤浅的书、 浅薄无知的头脑 * have only a superficial knowledge of the subject 对这个问题仅略知皮毛. (b) (derog 贬) having no depth of character, feeling or commitment （性格、 感情或承诺方面）缺乏深度的, 停留在表面的: * You're too superficial to appreciate great literature like this. 你没有钻劲, 无法欣赏这类文学巨着. > superficiality/ 9su:pE9fIFI5AlEtI; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 9sju:-; 9supL9fIFI`AlEtI] n [U]. superficially[-FEli; -FEli] adv: * only superficially alike 仅仅表面上相似.

superfine
[ 5su:pEfaIn; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 5sju:-; 9supL`faIn] adj extremely or unusually fine in size, texture or quality （规格、 质地或质量上）特级的, 最高档的, 精致的, 精制的: * superfine flour, grains 精制的面粉、 谷物 * a superfine needle 小号缝纫针 * superfine silk 高档丝绸.

superfluous
[ su:5p\:flUEs; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 sju:-; sJ`p[flJEs] adj more than is needed or wanted 过多的; 过剩的; 多馀的; 不必要的: * Repack all the superfluous cups in the box. 把多馀的杯子都重新装入箱中. * The crowd was so well-behaved that the police presence was superfluous. 群众秩序良好, 警方在场并无必要. * That remark was superfluous, ie It should not have been made, eg because it contributed nothing or was offensive. 那样的话多馀说. * They were only interested in each other, so I felt rather superfluous, ie felt that I shouldn't be there. 他们只是意在对方, 所以我自觉多馀在场. 派生： superfluity/ 9su:pE5flUEtI; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 9sju:-; 9supL`fluEtI] n [U, sing] ~ (of sth) (fml 文) superfluous amount 多馀的量; 过剩的量: * have food in superfluity/a superfluity of food 有过剩的食物. superfluously: adv.

superhuman
[ 9su:pE5hju:mEn; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 9sju:-; 9supL`hjumEn] adj exceeding normal human power, size, knowledge, etc （力量、 身材、 知识等）超乎常人的: * It required superhuman effort to lift the huge boulder. 要搬起这块大石头需要有超人的力量. * Her intelligence seems almost superhuman. 她很聪明, 可谓才智超人.

superimpose
[ 9su:pErIm5pEUz; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 9sju:-; 9supErIm`poz] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (on sth) put sth on top of sth else, esp so that what is underneath can still be seen, heard, etc 将某物置於另一物上（尤指後者仍可见、 可闻等）: * a map of Great Britain superimposed on a map of Texas, eg to show comparative size 放在得克萨斯地图上的英国地图（如用以比较大小） * superimpose an English commentary on the original soundtrack 把英语解说加录到原声带上. > superimposition/ 9su:pE9rImpE5zIFn; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 9sju:-; 9supL9ImpE`zIFEn] n [U].

superintend
[ 9su:pErIn5tend; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 9sju:-; 9supErIn`tZnd] v [Tn] (fml 文) manage and control (workers, their work, etc); supervise 管理,监督（工作人员、 工作等）; 主管: * appointed to superintend(the staff in) the toy department 获任玩具部（全体员工）的负责人. 派生： superintendence[-Ens; -Ens] n [U] (fml 文) superintending 管理; 监督; 主管: * work done under the personal superintendence of the manager 在经理亲自监管下做的工作. superintendent[-Ent; -Ent] n 1 person who superintends监管人; 主管人; 负责人: * the park superintendent 公园管理员. 2 (in Britain) police officer next in rank above chief inspector （英国的）警务长.

superior
[ su:5pIErIE(r); also, in British use, 英式英语读作 sju:-; sJ`pIrIL] adj 1 (a) better than average 优於一般水平的; 优良的; 优秀的; 优等的: * a superior cloth, team, standard 上等布、 强队、 高水平 * a girl of superior intelligence 智力出众的女孩子 * This candidate is clearly superior. 这个候选人显然比别的候选人强. (b) ~ (to sb/sth) better, stronger, etc than sb/sth else （比某人[某事物]）好的、 强的等: * Which of the two methods is superior? 这两种方法哪一种好? * The match will show who is the superior player. 这场比赛就能看出谁行谁不行. * This cloth is superior to that. 这种布比那种好. * The enemy forces were superior in numbers. 敌军在数量上占优势. * Which side has the superior weapons? 哪一方在武器上占优势? 2 ~ (to sb) higher in rank or position 级别或地位较高的: * a superior court 上级法院 * A soldier must obey his superior officers. 军人应服从上级军官. * She works well with those superior to her in the firm. 她与公司中的那些上级主管合作愉快. 3 (derog 贬) showing that one thinks one is better than others 有优越感的: * a superior smile, look, air, etc 带优越感的微笑、 样子、 神态等 * Don't be so superior! 别自以为了不起! 4 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (fml 文) placed higher up; upper 位於较高处的; 上层的: * a superior stratum of rock 上部岩石层. Cf 参看 inferior. 派生： superior n 1 person of higher rank, position, etc 级别、 地位...高的人; 上级; 长官: obey one's superiors 服从上级. 2 person or thing that is better 较好的人或事物; 优胜者: She is my superior in knowledge, ie knows more than I do. 她比我有知识. * He has no superior as a Shakespearian actor. 他演莎士比亚戏剧无出其右. 3 (in titles) head of a religious community （用作称谓）宗教团体的领导: the Father Superior, eg an abbot 男修道院院长. superiority/ su:9pIErI5CrEtI; ?@ -5R:r-; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 sju:-; sJ9pIrI`RrEtI]

superior1
n [U] ~ (in sth); ~ (to/over sth/sb) state of being superior 优秀; 优良; 优越; 优胜: * the superiority of one thing to another 一事物之优於另一事物 * her superiority in talent 她才能之出众 * They won the battle because of their massive superiority in numbers. 他们人数远占优势而战斗获胜. 复合： superi`ority complex (a) (psychology 心) state of mind that makes a person act as if he were better or more important than others although he actually feels that they are better, etc than him 优越情结（在自觉不如他人时, 反而故意表现出的优越感）. (b) (infml 口) too great a belief that one is better or more important than others 过强的优越感. Cf 参看 inferiority complex (inferior).

superlative
[ su:5p\:lEtIv; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 sju:-; sJ`p[lEtIv] adj 1 of the highest degree or quality 最高级的; 最好的: * a superlative achievement, performance, meal 最佳成就、 表演、 饭菜 * This wine is quite superlative. 这种酒相当好. 2 (grammar) of adjectives or adverbs expressing the highest or a very high degree, eg best, worst, slowest, most difficult （指形容词或副词）最高级的 （如best、 worst、 slowest、 most difficult）. Cf 参看 comparative 3. 派生： superlative n superlative form of an adjective or adverb （形容词或副词的）最高级: a book review full of superlatives, ie expressions praising it highly 充满盛赞言辞的书评. superlatively adv: She plays the mandolin superlativelywell. 她演奏曼陀林非常出色.

superman
[ 5su:pEmAn; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 5sju:-; `supL9mAn] n (pl -men[-men; -men] ) manwith greater strength, ability, intelligence, etc than normalhumans; superhuman man （力量、 能力、 才智等）超常的人; 超人: * He's a kind of intellectual superman. 他是智力超常的人.

supermarket
[ 5su:pEmB:kIt; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 5sju:-; `supL9mBrkIt] n large shop selling food, household goods, etc which one takes from the shelves oneself and pays for at the exit 超级市场（开架出售食品、 日用品等的商场）.

supernatural
[ 9su:pE5nAtFrEl; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 9sju:-; 9supL`nAtFrEl] adj that cannot be explained by natural or physical laws; of the world of spirits, magic, etc 超自然的（自然或物理规律无法解释的）; 神灵、 幻术等的: * supernatural beings, eg angels and devils 超自然体（如天使和魔鬼） * witch-doctors believed to have supernatural powers 据信有超自然力量的巫医. 派生： the supernatural n [sing] supernatural beings, events, etc 超自然体; 超自然的事物: an interest in the supernatural 对超自然事物的兴趣. supernaturally[-'ntFrEli; -'nAtFrEli] adv.

supernova
[ 9su:pE5nEUvE; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 9sju:-; 9supL`novE] n (pl -vae[-vi:; -vi] or ~s) (astronomy 天) star that suddenly becomes very much brighter as a result of an explosion 超新星（因爆炸而突然亮度大增的）. Cf 参看 nova.

supernumerary
[ 9su:pE5nju:mErErI; ?@ -5nu:mErerI; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 9sju:-; 9supL`numE9rZrI] adj (fml 文) in excess of the normal number; extra 超过正常数目的; 额外的; 多馀的: * a supernumerary (ie sixth) finger 多出的手指（六指儿的）. 派生： supernumerary n (fml 文) supernumerary person or thing 额外的或多馀的人或事物.

superphosphate
[ 9su:pE5fCsfeIt; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 9sju:-; 9supL`fBsfet] n fertilizer containing soluble phosphates 过磷酸盐（用作化肥）.

superpower
[ 5su:pEpaUE(r); also, in British use, 英式英语读作 5sju:-; 9supL`paJL] n any of the most powerful nations in the world, esp the USA or former USSR 超级大国: * [attrib 作定语] a superpower summit 超级大国最高级会议.

superscript
[ 5su:pEskrIpt; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 5sju:-; `supL9skrIpt] adj [attrib 作定语] written or printed just above a word, figure or symbol 上角标的（写或印在字、 数字或符号上面的）; 标在上方的: * Different words with the same spelling are distinguished in this dictionary by superscript numbers. 本词典在同形异义词的右上角标注数字以资区别.

supersede
[ 9su:pE5si:d; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 9sju:-; 9supL`sid] v [Tn] take the place of (sth/sb that was present or used before); be introduced so as to be used instead of (sth/sb) 代替, 取代, 接替（某事物[某人]）: * Motorways have largely superseded ordinary roads for long-distance travel. 高速公路多已取代了普通公路. * Will factory workers be entirely superseded by machines one day? 工人将来能完全由机器取代吗?

supersonic
[ 9su:pE5sCnIk; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 9sju:-; 9supL`sBnIk] adj (that can travel) faster than the speed of sound 超音速的; 超声速的: * a supersonic aircraft 超音速飞机 * supersonic speeds 超过声速的速度. Cf 参看 subsonic.

superstar
[ 5su:pEstB:(r); also, in British use, 英式英语读作 5sju:-; 9supL9stBr] n (infml 口) very famous and admired entertainer （娱乐界的）超级明星, 巨星: * Hollywood superstars 好莱坞超级明星 * [attrib 作定语] superstar footballers 超级足球明星.

superstition
[ 9su:pE5stIFn; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 9sju:-; 9supL`stIFEn] n [C, U] 1 (idea, practice, etc based on the) belief that certain events cannot be explained by human reason or physical laws; irrational fear of what is unknown or mysterious 迷信; 迷信的思想、 行为等; （对未知的或神秘的事物的）盲目恐惧: * Ignorance and superstition prevent them from benefiting from modern medicine. 由於无知和迷信, 他们无法得到现代医学的好处. 2 idea or belief held by many people for no good or logical reason 很多人持有的并无充分根据的说法: * It's just (a) superstition that you shouldn't walk under ladders. 不应该在梯子下面穿过, 人们都是这麽说说罢了. 派生： superstitious[-'stiFEs; -'stiFEs] adj 1 of, based on or caused by superstition 迷信的; 根据迷信的; 由迷信引起的; 无充分根据的说法的: * superstitious beliefs, ideas, practices 迷信的说法、 想法、 做法. 2 believing in superstitions 受迷信思想支配的: * I always put my left shoe on first; I'm superstitious (about it). 我穿鞋总是先左後右, 我是很迷信（这件事）的. superstitiously adv.

superstore
[ 5su:pEstR:(r); also, in British use, 英式英语读作 5sju:-; `supL9stRr] n very large shop in which groceries and/or larger types of goods (eg furniture) are sold as in a supermarket 超级商场（出售食品杂货和[或]大件商品（如家具）者）: * a DIY superstore 出售成套零件供顾客自行装配的超级商场.

superstructure
[ 5su:pEstrQktFE(r); also, in British use, 英式英语读作 5sju:-; `supL9strQktFL] n 1 (a) structure built on top of sth else, eg the part of a building above the ground 上部结构, 上层建 物（如建 物的地面部分）. Cf 参看 substructure. (b) parts of a ship above the main deck 舰船主甲板上面的部分. 2 (esp in Marxist theory) institutions and culture that result from the economic system on which a society is based （尤指马克思理论中的）上层建 .

supertanker
[ 5su:pEtANkE(r); also, in British use, 英式英语读作 5sju:-; `supL9tANkL] n very large tanker ship 超级油轮.

supertax
[ 5su:pEtAks; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 5sju:-; `supL9tAks] n [U] additional tax on income, paid by those who earn a very large amount of money （对高收入者徵收的）附加所得税.

supervene
[ 9su:pE5vi:n; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 9sju:-; 9supL`vin] v [I] (fml 文) occur as an interruption or change 发生（因而干扰或变化）: * She was working well until illness supervened. 她本来工作得很顺利, 但生病後情况就不同了. > supervention[-'venFn;-'venFEn] n [U].

supervise
[ 5su:pEvaIz; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 5sju:-; 9supL`vaIz] v [I, Tn, Tng] watch or otherwise keep a check on (sb doing sth or sth being done) to make sure it is done properly 监督（某人做某事）; 察看并指导（工作）: * The chief clerk supervises the work of the department. 文书组长负责监督该部门的工作. * I supervised the workers loading the lorry. 我监督工人把货物装上卡车. 派生： supervision/ 9su:pE5vIVn; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 9sju:-; 9supL`vIVEn] n [U] supervising or being supervised 监督; 管理; 指导: * Children should not be left to play without supervision. 孩子玩儿的时候不能无人照看. * This drug should only be taken under the supervision of (ie as supervised by) a doctor. 此药须遵医嘱服用. supervisor n person who supervises 监督人; 监察员; 管理人; 指导者: university students showing essays to their supervisor 把文章交给指导教师审阅的大学生. supervisory/ 5su:pEvaIzErI; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 5sju:-; ?@ 9su:pE5vaIzErI; 9supL`vaIzErI] adj supervising 监督的; 管理的; 指导的: * supervisory duties 监督的职责 * a supervisory committee 监察委员会.

supine
[ 5su:paIn; also, in British use, 英式英语读作5sju:-; su`paIn] adj (fml 文) 1 lying flat on the back,face upwards 仰卧的: * a supine figure on the bed 仰卧在床上的人（绘画等中的）. Cf 参看 prone 1, prostrate 1. 2 (fig derog 比喻, 贬) showing a weak or lazy unwillingness to act 消极的; 懒散的; 没精打采的: * accept unfair treatment in supine submission 以消极的态度接受不公平的待遇. > supinely adv.

supper
[5sQpE(r); 5sQpl] n [C, U] last meal of the day, usu less large and less formal than dinner 晚饭; 晚餐: * have cold meat for supper 晚饭吃凉肉 * have a late supper 很晚才吃晚饭 * eat very little supper 晚饭吃得很少. =>Usage at dinner 用法见dinner. 复合： `supper-time n [U] time at which supper is (usu) eaten 晚饭时间.

supplant
[sE'pla:nt; sE'plAnt] v [Tn] (fml 文) take the place of (sb/sth); replace 取代（某人[某事物]）; 代替: * Oil has supplanted coffee as our main export. 我们的主要出口货已由原来的咖啡改为石油了. * The party leader has been supplanted by his rival. 那位党的领导人已被其对手取而代之. * She has been supplanted by another in his affections, ie He now loves sb else. 他爱上了另一个女人, 不再爱她了.

supple
[5sQpl; 5sQpl] adj (-r, -st) bent or bending easily; not stiff; flexible 易弯曲的; 柔软的; 灵活的: * the supple limbs of a child 儿童的柔软四肢 * Exercise keeps you supple. 经常锻炼可使身体灵活. * She has a supple mind, ie is quick to respond to ideas. 她头脑灵活. > supplely (also supply)[5sQpli; 5sQpli] adv. suppleness n [U].

supplement
[5sQplimEnt; 5sQplEmEnt] n 1 ~ (to sth) thing added to sth else to improve or complete it 增补的事物; 补充: * The money I get from teaching the piano is a useful supplement to my ordinary income. 我教钢琴挣的钱是一笔很管用的外快. 2 (a) ~ (to sth) book, section of a book, etc that gives further information, treats a special subject, etc （书等的）补编, 补遗, 附录: * the supplement to the Oxford English Dictionary 《牛津英语大辞典》补编. (b) additional section added to a newspaper （报纸的）增刊: * the colour supplements of the Sunday newspapers 星期日报纸的彩色增刊. 3 extra amount of money paid for an additional service, item, etc （为增加的服务、 项目等支付的）额外费用, 附加费: * a 10 supplement for a single room with a shower 带淋浴间的单人房间需付10英镑附加费. 派生： supplement[5sQpliment; 5sQplE7ment] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) add to or complete sth with sth else 增加或补充某事物: * I supplement my grant by working in the evenings. 我除享受助学金外还打夜工以增加收入. * She supplements her diet with vitamin tablets. 她服用维生素片剂以补充规定食谱中的营养.

supplementary
[7sQpli'mentri; - -teri; 7sQplE'mentEri] ~ (to sth) 1 additional; extra 增补的; 补充的; 附加的: * a supplementary payment, lecture, item 额外的付款、 讲座、 项目. 2 (mathematics 数) (of an angle) making a total of 180 with another angle （指角）补角的. 复合： ,supplementary `benefit (in Britain) money paid regularly by the State to poor people （在英国）（政府定期发给穷人的）补助金: a family (living) on supplementary benefit 依靠补助金（生活）的家庭. Cf 参看 welfare 3.

suppliant
[5sQpliEnt; 5sQpliEnt] n, adj (fml 文) (person) asking humbly for sth 恳求的（人）: * kneel as a suppliant at the altar, ie praying to God for sth 跪在祭坛前祈求（向上帝祈祷） * in a suppliant attitude 以恳切的态度.

supplicate
[5sQplikeit; 5sQpli7ket] v [Ipr, Tn, Cn.t] ~ (for) sth (fml 文) ask (sb) humbly or pleadingly for sth 恳求, 哀求, 祈求, 央求（某人）: * supplicate for pardon 恳求原谅 * supplicate sb's forgiveness, ie ask sb to forgive one 乞求某人宽恕 * supplicate sb to help 向某人求助. 派生： supplicant[5sQplikEnt; 5sQplikEnt] n (fml 文) person who supplicates; suppliant 恳求的人. supplication[7sQpli'keiFn; 7sQpli'keFEn] n [C, U] (fml 文) (act of) supplicating 恳求; 哀求; 祈求; 央求; 祈祷: * He was deaf to my supplications. 我恳求他, 他连理都不理. * kneel in supplication 跪着祈祷.

supply
[sE'plai; sE'plai] v (pt, pp supplied) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sb); ~ sb (with sth) give sb sth that is needed or useful; provide sb with sth 供给或供应某人所需或可用的物品; 向某人提供某物: * a company supplying heating oil (to homes) （向住户）供应燃油的公司 * supply consumers with gas, electricity, etc 向消费者提供煤气、 电力等 * He kept me well supplied with cups of coffee while I wrote the report. 我写报告时, 他一直不停地给我一杯杯续咖啡. 2 [Tn] provide enough (of sth) for (a need); fulfil 提供足够的（某物）以满足（需要）: * Will the new power-station be able to supply our cheap energy requirements? 新建的发电厂能够满足我们对廉价能源的需求吗? 派生： supply n 1 [U] supplying or being supplied 供给; 供应; 补给: a contract for the supply of office stationery 供应办公文具的合同 * You promised us fuel, but can you guarantee its supply? 你答应给我们提供燃料, 但能保证供应吗? * a reliable source of supply 可靠的来源 * [attrib 作定语] a supply train 运送补给品的列车. 2 [C often pl 常作复数] thing that is supplied; stock or store of things provided or available 供给之物; 供应品; 补给品; 贮备; 存货; 现货: the water-supply 供水 * a supply of reading-matter for the journey 为旅途提供的读物 * arms, food, fuel supplies 武器、 食物、 燃料贮备 * Have we got enough supplies of coal? 我们贮存的煤够用吗? * Helicopters dropped supplies (ie of food, etc) for the stranded villagers. 直升飞机给受困的村民空投了物资. 3 (idm 习语) in short supply => short1. sup,ply and de`mand (esp economics 尤用於经济) the amount of goods, etc available and the amount wanted by consumers, the relationship between which is regarded as controlling prices 供求关系. supplier/sE'plaiE(r); sE'plail] n person or firm supplying goods, etc 供应者（人或公司）. 复合： sup`ply teacher teacher employed to do the work of any other teacher who is absent through illness, etc 代课教师.

support
[sE'pC:t; sE'pCrt] v 1 [Tn] bear the weight of (sth/sb); hold in position; carry 承受（某物[某人]）的重量; 支撑; 扶持: * a beam supporting a roof 支承屋顶的横梁 * Is this bridge strong enough to support heavy lorries? 这座桥禁得住重型卡车通行吗? * He was weak with hunger, so I had to support him. 他饿得没有力气, 我得搀着他. 2 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (in sth) help sb/sth by one's approval or sympathy or by giving money （用表示赞同或同情或给钱）帮助某人[某事物]; 支持; 支援; 资助: * support a cause, political party, reform 支持某事业、 政党、 改革 * donate money to support a charity 捐款赞助慈善事业 * The directors were trying to get rid of her, but her staff all supported her. 董事都想把她撤掉, 可是她那部门的人员全都支持她. * The American public stopped supporting the war in Vietnam. 美国公众不再支持美国在越南进行的战争了. * Will you support me in my campaign for election? 你支持我参加竞选吗? (b) [Tn] be a regular customer of or visitor to (sth); be a fan of (a team, etc) 经常光顾（某处）; 为（某队等）捧场: * Support your local theatre: * buy tickets regularly! 请大力支持本地剧院, 欢迎经常光临! * Which football team do you support? 你是哪个足球队的球迷? 3 [Tn] help to show that (a theory, claim, etc) is true; confirm 支持（某理论、 主张等）; 证实; 肯定: * a theory that is not supported by the facts 缺乏事实根据的理论 * This evidence supports my argument that she is guilty. 这一证据支持了我认为她有罪的推定. 4 [Tn] provide (sb) with the necessary money, etc to buy food, accommodation,etc 资助, 供养, 赡养（某人）: * I was supported by my parents when I was studying. 我求学期间由父母供养. 5 [Tn] provide enough food and water to keep (sb/sth) alive （提供食物和水）维持（某人[某物]）的生命: * Such a barren desert can support very few creatures. 在这样荒瘠的沙漠里, 很少生物能够存活.

support1
派生： support n 1 [U] ~ (for sth) support2 /// supporting suppose /// /sE'pEuz; sE'poz] v 1 [Tf, Cn.a, Cn.t] accept as true or probable; believe; imagine; assume 认定; 认为; 以为; 猜想; 料想; 假定: * What do you suppose he wanted? 你认为他想要什麽? * What makes you suppose (that) I'm against it? 你根据什麽认为我反对这件事? * I don't suppose for a minute that he'll agree, ie I'm sure that he won't. 我认为他决不同意. * She'll be there today, I suppose. 我想她今天能到那儿去. * `Will he come?’ `Yes, I suppose so.’ ‘他来吗?’‘对, 我想他能来.’ * I suppose you want to borrow money from me again? ie showing annoyance 我猜你又要找我借钱了吧? * I don't suppose you could help me (ie Please help me) with my homework. 请你帮助我做家庭作业吧. * It was generally supposed that it would not happen again. 一般都认为此事不会再发生. * (fml 文) Everyone supposes him (to be) poor, but he is really quite wealthy. 大家都以为他穷, 实际上他很阔. * It was widely supposed to have been lost during the war. 普遍认为那东西在战争期间丢失了. 2 [Tn, Tf, Cn.t] pretend that (sth) is true; take (sth) as a fact 假定或假设（某事物）属实; 认定（某事物）: * a theory which supposes the existence of other worlds besides our own 假定除地球外还存在其他有生命的天体的理论 * Suppose (that) the news is true: * what then? 假定这消息是真的, 那又怎样? * Suppose you had a million pounds how would you spend it? 假如你有一百万镑--你怎麽花呢? 3 [Tf] (used in the imperative, to make a suggestion 用於祈使句, 用以提出建议) consider as a proposal 作为建议来考虑: * Suppose we go (ie Let's go) for a swim! 咱们去游泳吧! 4 [Tn] (fml 文) require (sth) as a condition 须以（某事物）为条件: * Creation supposes a creator. 有了创造者, 才能有创造. 5 (idm 习语) be supposed to do sth (a) be expected or required to do sth (by rules, custom, etc) 被期望或被要求（按规则、 惯例等）做某事:

suppose1
* Am I supposed to (ie Should I) clean all the rooms or just this one? 我是应该打扫所有的房间, 还是只这一间? * You're supposed to pay the bill by Friday. 你最晚在星期五结清这笔帐. * They were supposed to be here an hour ago. 他们应该在一小时以前到达这里. (b) (infml 口) (used in negative sentences 用於否定句中) be allowed to do sth 获准做某事: * You're not supposed to play football in the class-room. 在教室里是不准踢足球的. 派生： supposed/sE'pEuzd; sE'pozd] adj [attrib 作定语] wrongly believed or said to be the specified thing 误信的; 误传的; 信以为真的: * His supposed generosity is merely a form of self-interest. 他貌似慷慨, 不过是变相的利己而已. * The supposed beggar was really a police officer in disguise. 那个众人眼中的乞丐, 其实是化了装的警察. supposedly/sE'pEuzidli; sE'pozidli] adv according to what is supposed (but not known for certain) 根据推测; 据认为; 据称; 大概; 可能: * This picture is supposedly worth more than a million pounds. 这幅画大概值一百万镑以上. supposing conj (also supposing that) if we assume the fact or the possibility that; if 假定; 假设; 假如: Supposing (that) it rains, can we play the match indoors? 要是下雨的话, 我们在室内比赛行吗?

supposition
[7sQpE'ziFn; 7sQpE'ziFEn] n 1 [U] supposing 假定; 猜想; 推测: * a newspaper article based on supposition, ie only on what the writer supposes to be true, not on fact 根据臆想写出的报刊文章 * We must not condemn her on pure supposition. 我们不能单凭臆测而谴责她. 2 [C] ~ (that...) thing supposed; guess 假 定的事物; 猜测: * Our suppositions were fully confirmed. 我们猜测的事已全部证实. * I am proceeding on the supposition that..., ie by assuming it to be true that... 我假定....

suppository
[sE'pCzitri; - -tC:ri; sE'pazE7tCri] n piece of a medicinal substance placed in the rectum or vagina to dissolve 栓剂（外用药, 置入直肠或阴道内使之融化）; 坐药.

suppress
[sE'pres; sE'pres] v [Tn] 1 put an end to (sth), esp by force; crush 制止（尤指凭藉武力）; 镇压; 平定: * suppress an uprising, a revolt, etc 镇压起义、 叛乱等. 2 (a) (usu derog 通常作贬义) prevent (sth) from being known or seen 防止（某事物）被人知道或看到; 查禁或禁止发表（某事物）: * suppress the truth about sth 隐瞒某事物的真相 * suppress a newspaper, ie prevent it from being published 查禁一家报纸 * Are the police suppressing some evidence? 警方是否隐瞒了一些证据? * The dictator tried to suppress all criticism of him. 那独裁者竭力压制一切批评他的言论. (b) prevent (esp one's feelings) from being expressed 抑制, 压抑（尤指感情）: * suppress one's anger, amusement, etc 抑制愤怒、 欢娱等心情而不形於色 * He could scarcely suppress a laugh. 他忍不住要笑出声来. 派生： suppressible adj that can be suppressed 可制止的; 可禁止的; 可抑制住的: anger that was barely suppressible 难以抑制的愤怒. suppression/sE'preFn; sE'preFEn] n [U] suppressing or being suppressed 制止; 镇压; 查禁; 抑制: * the suppression of a revolt, the facts 对叛乱的镇压、 对事实的隐瞒 * the suppression of one's anger, etc 抑制愤怒. suppressor n 1 person or thing that suppresses 制止者; 镇压者; 查禁者; 起抑制作用的事物. 2 device fitted to an electrical apparatus to stop it causing interference on radio or television sets 干扰抑制器（安装在用电器上, 可防止用电器对收音机或电视机产生干扰）.

suppurate
[5sQpjureit; 5sQpjE7ret] v [I] (fml 文) (of a wound, etc) have a thick yellow liquid (pus) forming inside it because of infection （指伤口等）化脓: * asuppurating sore 化脓的疮. > suppuration[7sQpju'reiFn;7sQpjE'reFEn] n [U].

supra-
[5su:prE; 5suprE] pref 前缀 above; beyond 在...之上; 超: * supranational, ie going beyond national boundaries.

supreme
[ su:5pri:m; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 sju:-; su`prim] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] 1 highest in authority, rank or degree （权力、 级别或地位）最高的; 至高无上的: * the supreme ruler of a vast empire 一个庞大帝国的最高统治者 * (fig 比喻) After a year without defeat, the team now reigns supreme as the finest in the country. 该队一年来所向无敌, 现已称雄全国. 2 most important; greatest 最重要的; 最大的: * make the supreme sacrifice, eg die for what one believes in 做出最大的牺牲（如为信仰而捐躯） * Winning an Olympic gold medal was, I suppose, the supreme moment of my life. 我认为我荣获奥运会金牌时是我一生中最重要的时刻. 派生： supremacy/ su:5premEsI; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 sju:-; su`prZmEsI] n ~ (over sb/sth) [U] being supreme; position of the highest power, authority or status 至高无上; 最高权力; 最高权威; 最高地位: * achieve military supremacy over neighbouring countries 获得超越邻国的军事优势 * challenging Japan's supremacy in the field of electronics 争夺日本在电子学领域中占据的领先地位 * the dangerous notion of white supremacy, ie that white races are better than others and should control them 白人至高无上的危险观念（认为白色人种优於其他人种因而应成为主宰者）. supremacist/ su:5premEsIst; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 sju:-; su`prZmEsIst/ n: * white supremacists 白人至上主义者. supremely/ su:5pri:mlI; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 sju:-; su`primlI] adv in a supreme way; extremely 至高无上地; 极度地: * supremely happy 极其快乐. 复合： the ,Supreme `Being (fml 文) God 上主; 上帝. the Su,preme `Court the highest court in a state of the US or in the whole of the US （美国各州或联邦）最高法院. the Su,preme `Soviet the law-making body of the former Soviet Union 最高苏维埃（前苏联的立法机构）.

Supt
abbr 缩写 = Superintendent (esp in the police force 尤用於警界): Supt (George) Hill （乔治．）希尔警务长.

surcharge
[5sE:tFa:dV; 5sE7tFardV] n 1 ~ (on sth) payment that is demanded in addition to the usual charge 增付的费用; 增收费; 附加费: * a 10% surcharge on the price of a holiday 在度假费用之外增收的10%附加费. 2 mark printed over a postage stamp, changing its value （加盖在邮票上的）改值印记. 派生： surcharge/sE:'tFa:dV; sE'tFardV] v [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.n] ~ sb (on sth) demand a surcharge from sb 向某人索取额外费用: * They've surcharged us 10% on the price of the holiday because of a rise in air fares. 因飞机票涨价, 他们在度假费用中向我们增收了10%附加费.

surd
[sE:d; sEd] n (mathematics 数) mathematical quantity, esp a root, that cannot be expressed as an ordinary number or quantity 不尽根: * The square root of 5 (5) is a surd. 5的平方根（5）是不尽根.

sure
[FC:(r); - FuEr; Fur] adj (-r, -st) 1 [pred 作表语] ~ (of/about sth); ~ that...; ~ what, etc... not doubting or seeming to doubt what one believes, knows, etc; confident that one is right 无疑; 确实; 自信; 有把握: * I think he's coming, but I'm not quite sure. 我想他会来的, 但是不太有把握. * I'm not sure when I saw her last. 我不能确定上一次看见她是什麽时候. * Are you sure of your facts? 你能肯定你的资料属实吗? * If you're not sure how to do it, ask me. 假若你拿不准怎样做, 就来问我好了. * Can we be sure that she's honest? 我们能相信她是诚实的吗? * I think the answer's right but I'm not absolutely sure about it. 我认为这答案是正确的, 但是没有绝对的把握. * Jane is reliable, but I'm not so sure about Jim. 简是信得过的, 至於吉姆, 我就不敢说了. * She felt sure that she had done the right thing. 她确信自己做得对. 2 [pred 作表语] ~ of sth certain to receive, win, etc sth 一定会获得、 赢得...某事物: * You're sure of a warm welcome. 你一定会受到热烈欢迎的. * Can I be sure of a profit if I invest? 我要是投资, 肯定能获利吗? * You're sure of passing the exam if you work hard. 只要用功, 就一定能考及格. 3 ~ to do sth definitely going to do sth; certain to do sth 肯定要做某事的; 一定做某事的: * It's sure to rain. 肯定要下雨. * You're sure to fail if you do it that way. 你那样做一定失败. 4 undoubtedly true 无可置疑的; 千真万确的: * in the sure and certain knowledge of her guilt 在确确实实知道她有罪的情况下 * One thing is sure: * we've won a great victory! 有一点是确切无疑的: * 我们已取得了巨大的胜利! =>Usage at certain 用法见certain. 5 (usu attrib 通常作定语) proven and reliable; trustworthy 经证明可靠的; 可信的: * no sure remedy for a cold 没有包治感冒的灵丹妙药 * There's only one sure way to do it. 做此事只有一种万全之策. * She has always been a sure friend. 她一直就是靠得住的朋友.

sure1
6 not deviating or wavering; steady and confident 不偏离的; 不动摇的; 稳而有信心的: * She drew the outline with a sure hand. 她笔力雄健地画出了轮廓. 7 (idm 习语) be sure to do sth; be sure and do sth don't fail to do sth 务必做某事: * Be sure (to write) and tell me all your news. 务必（来信）把你的所有情况都告诉我. for sure (infml 口) without doubt 无疑: * I think he lives there but I couldn't say for sure. 我想他是住在那里的, 但我不敢肯定. make sure (of sth/that...) (a) find out whether sth is definitely so 把某事物弄清楚; 核实或查明某事物: * I think the door's locked, but I'd better go and make sure (it is). 我想门已经锁了, 但我最好还是去查看一下. (b) do sth to ensure that sth happens 设法确保出现某事物: * arrangements to make sure that the visit goes well 为使参观得以顺利进行而做的安排. sure of oneself (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) (too) confident of one's own abilities, etc; self-confident （过於）自信: * You seem very sure of yourself, young man! 小伙子, 你未免太自信了吧! ,sure `thing (infml 口 esp US) yes; of course 是的; 当然: * `Do you want to come too?’ `Sure thing!’ ‘你也想来吗?’‘当然了!’ to be `sure (fml 文) I cannot deny (that); admittedly 无可否认; 诚然: * He is clever, to be sure, but not very hard-working. 他聪明是聪明, 但是不怎麽勤奋. 派生： sure adv 1 (infml 口 esp US) certainly 的确; 当然: It sure was cold! 确实很冷! 2 (idm 习语) (as) sure as eggs is `eggs, as `fate, as I'm standing `here, etc (infml 口) very certainly 的的确确; 千真万确: He's dead, as sure as eggs is eggs. 他确实死了. ,sure e`nough (used to introduce a statement that confirms a previous prediction, etc 用以表示所说的与预料的相符): I said it would happen, and sure enough it did. 我说过要有这样的事, 果然如此. sureness n [U] quality of being sure(4,6) 确切性; 真切; 沉稳: a picture that shows the artist's sureness of touch 显示出画家苍劲笔力的一幅画.

sure2
复合： `sure-fire adj [attrib 作定语] certain to happen, be successful, etc 一定会发生、 成功等的: a ,sure-fire suc`cess 必定的胜利 * This is a sure-fire way to get publicity. 这样做就一定能引人注目. ,sure-`footed adj not likely to fall when walking or climbing 脚步稳的; 不会摔倒的. sure-footedly adv. sure-footedness n [U].

surely
[5FC:li; - 'FuErli; 5Furli] adv 1 without doubt; certainly 无疑; 当然: * He will surely fail. 他必定失败. * This will surely cause problems. 这肯定会出问题的. 2 (used to show that the speaker is (almost) certain of what he is saying, or to express surprise at sth 用以表示说话者对所说的内容（几乎）确信无疑, 或表示对某事物感到惊奇): * This is surely her best play. 这无疑是她最好的剧作. * Surely I've met you before somewhere. 我一定在什麽地方和你见过面. * Surely they won't refuse? 难道他们不拒绝吗? * Surely you're not going to eat that! 好家伙, 你不至於吃那种东西吧! * He has refused to help? Surely not! 他已拒绝给予援助了吗? 决不可能! * `That's his wife.’ `His sister, surely?’ ‘那是他的妻子.’‘是他妹妹吧?’ 3 (infml 口 esp US) of course; yes 当然; 可以: * `Can I borrow your car?’ `Surely.’ ‘我用一下你的汽车可以吗?’‘当然可以.’ 4 (idm 习语) slowly but surely => slowly (slow1).

surety
[5FC:rEti; - 'FuErti; 5Furti] n [C, U] 1 (money, etc given as a) guarantee that sb will pay his debts, perform a duty, etc 担保; 保证; 保证金; 担保品: * offer 100 as (a) surety 愿出100英镑作保证金. 2 person who makes himself responsible for the payment of debts, etc by sb else 担保人; 保证人: * stand (ie act as a) surety for sb 做某人的担保人.

surf
[sE:f; sEf] n [U] (white foam on) waves breaking on the seashore 拍打在海岸上四处飞溅的波浪; 拍岸之白色浪花: * splashing about in the surf 在拍岸的浪花中戏水. 派生： surf v [I] (usu 通常作 go surfing) stand or lie on a surfboard and allow the surf to carry one towards the shore, as a sport 作冲浪运动; 冲浪. surfer n. 复合： `surfboard n long narrow board used for surfing 冲浪板. =>illus 见插图.

surface
[5sE:fis; 5sEfis] n 1 [C] (a) outside of an object （物体的）表面: * the surface of a sphere, a ball, the earth 球体、 球、 地球的表面 * [attrib 作定语] the surface area of the brain 大脑的表层. (b) any of the sides of an object （物体的）面: * A cube has six surfaces. 立方体有六个面. (c) uppermost area or layer of sth 最上面的部分; 表层; 面层: * the rough surface of the wall 那墙的粗糙表面 * an asphalt road surface 柏油路面 * The insect's sting penetrates the surface of the skin. 昆虫的螫针能够刺穿皮肤的表层. * wipe all the surfaces in the kitchen, ie the walls, the tops and sides of furniture, etc 把厨房的一切表面揩乾净（墙及家具等的各面） * [attrib 作定语] a surface layer 表层 * a surface wound, ie not a deep one 轻度创伤 * a surface worker, ie a miner who works above ground 在井上工作的矿工 * surface noise, ie unwanted noise caused by dust, static electricity, etc on a record when it is being played （放唱片时由尘埃、 静电等引起的）（唱针）划纹噪声, （唱片）纹噪声. 2 [C usu sing 通常作单数] top of a body of liquid, eg the sea 液面; 水面（如海面）: * The submarine rose to the surface. 潜艇露出了水面. * the frozen surface of the lake 结冰的湖面 * [attrib 作定语] a surface vessel, ie an ordinary ship, not a submarine 水面舰船（一般舰船, 与潜艇相对）. 3 [sing] (fig 比喻) qualities of sb or sth that are easily seen, contrasted with deeper or hidden ones （人或事物的）表象, 外表, 外观: * Beneath her self-confident surface, she's quite unsure of herself. 她看上去信心十足, 实际上很缺乏信心. * You must not look only at the surface of things. 看事物不能只看到表面现象. * [attrib 作定语] surface politeness, ie concealing anger, etc 勉强装出的礼貌（隐藏着愤怒等） * surface impressions, ie ones gained too quickly, without proper thought or observation 肤浅的印象.

surface1
4 (idm 习语) on the `surface when not observed, thought about, etc deeply or thoroughly; superficially 在表面上; 在外表上: * The scheme seems on the surface to be quite practical. 这方案表面上看来似乎很实际. * On the surface, she's a charming, helpful person. 从表面上看, 她又很动人又肯助人. scratch the surface => scratch1. 派生： surface v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) put a surface(1c) on sth 在某物上加表层: surface a road (with tarmac) （用柏油碎石）铺路面 * a wall surfaced with plaster 用灰泥饰面的墙. 2 [I] (of a submarine, skin-diver, etc) come up to the surface of a body of water （指潜艇、 赤身潜水者等）浮到水面. 3 [I] (infml 口) (a) appear again after a period of remaining unseen, hidden, away from others, etc （隐蔽、 隐藏、 离开他人等一段时间後）重新出现: After living abroad for years, she suddenly surfaced again in London. 她在国外居住多年之後, 突然在伦敦重新露面了. * Their old rivalry soon surfaced when they met again. 他们重逢时, 昔日之明争暗斗旋即死灰复燃. (b) wake from sleep or unconsciousness 睡醒; 恢复知觉: He finally surfaced at midday. 他终於在中午时醒过来了. 复合： `surface mail letters, etc carried by road, rail or sea, not by air 陆路邮件, 水路邮件（别於航空邮件）. ,surface `tension property of liquids by which they form a film or layer at their surface and make its area as small as possible 表面张力. ,surface-to-`air adj [attrib 作定语] (of missiles, etc) fired from the ground or from ships, aimed at aircraft （指导弹等）地对空的, 舰对空的.

surfeit
[5sE:fit; 5sEfit] n (usu sing 通常作单数) ~ (of sth) too much of sth, esp of food and drink 过量, 过度（尤指饮食）: * A surfeit of rich food is bad for you. 多吃油腻食物对身体有害. * There has been a surfeit of plays about divorce on the television recently. 最近有关离婚的电视剧过多. 派生： surfeit v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/oneself (with/on sth) (fml 文) provide sb/oneself with too much of sth, esp food 向某人[自己]过多地提供某物（尤指食物）: surfeit oneself with fruit 吃水果过多 * be surfeited with pleasure 作乐过度.

surge
[sE:dV; sEdV] v 1 [I, Ipr, Ip] move forward in or like waves 在浪涛中或如同波浪般前进: * the surging tide 汹涌的潮水 * The floods surged along the valley. 洪水沿着山谷滚滚流动. * The crowd surged (past) into the stadium. 观众涌入了体育场. 2 [I, Ip] ~ (up) arise suddenly and intensely 急剧上升: * Anger surged (up) within him. 他怒火中烧. 派生： surge n (usu sing 通常作单数) ~ (of/in sth) 1 forward or upward movement 向前或向上的运动: the surge of the sea 大海的翻腾. 2 sudden occurrence or increase 突然发生; 激增: a surge of anger, pity, etc 一阵怒气、 怜悯等 * There's a surge in electricity demand at around 7 pm. 晚上7点钟左右是用电高峰时间.

surgeon
[5sE:dVEn; 5sEdVEn] n doctor who performs surgical operations 外科医师: * a heart surgeon 心脏外科医师. Cf 参看 physician.

surgery
[5sE:dVEri; 5sEdVEri] n 1 [U] treatment of injuries or diseases by cutting or removing parts of the body 外科; 手术: * qualified in surgery and medicine 内外 科合格的 * prepare the patient for surgery 给病人做术前准备 * He underwent open-heart surgery. 他接受了体外循环心脏手术. * cosmetic surgery 美容外科. 2 (Brit) (a) [C] place where a doctor, dentist, etc sees his patients （医师的）门诊处, 诊所. (b) [U] time during which a doctor, etc is available to see patients at his surgery 门诊时间: * Surgery lasts from 9 am to 10 am. 门诊时间为上午9时至10时. * [attrib 作定语] `surgery hours 门诊时间. 3 [C] (Brit infml 口) time when a Member of Parliament can be consulted by the people he represents （议员对选民的）接待时间: * She holds her surgery on Fridays at 6 pm. 她星期五下午6时接待选民.

surgical
[5sE:dVikl; 5sEdVikl] adj [attrib 作定语] of, by or for surgery 外科的; 外科手术的; 外科用的: * surgical instruments, treatment, skills 外科器械、 治疗、 技术 * a surgical ward, ie for patients having operations 外科病房 * a surgical stocking, ie one specially designed to support an injured or diseased leg 外科治疗袜（用以支撑腿部的袜状物）. > surgically[-kli; -kli] adv: * a tumour removed surgically 经手术切除的肿瘤. 复合： ,surgical `spirit (Brit) (US `rubbing alcohol) clearliquid, consisting mainly of alcohol, used for cleaning wounds, etc 消毒用的酒精（用以清洗伤口等）.

surly
[5sE:li; 5sEli] adj (-ier, -iest) bad-tempered and unfriendly 脾气坏的; 乖戾的; 不友好的: * a surly person, look, refusal 粗暴的人、 样子、 拒绝 * Don't look so surly! 别那麽横眉立目的! > surliness n [U].

surmise
[sE'maiz; sl'maiz] v [Tn, Tf, Tw] (fml 文) suppose (sth) without having evidence that makes it certain; guess 猜测（某事物）; 猜想; 揣测: * With no news from the explorers we can only surmise their present position/where they are. 我们没有探险者的消息, 只能猜测他们现在所处的位置. * We surmised that he must have had an accident. 我们猜想他一定出事了. 派生： surmise[5sE:maiz; 5sEmaiz] n [C, U] (fml 文) guess(ing) 猜测; 猜想: * Your first surmise was right. 你第一次猜得对. * This is pure surmise. 这纯属臆测.

surmount
[sE'maunt; sl'maunt] v 1 [Tn] deal with (a difficulty, etc); overcome 克服（困难等）; 战胜: * We had many problems to surmount before we could start the project. 我们得克服许多困难才能着手做这项工作. 2 [usu passive 通常用於被动语态: * Tn, Tn.pr] be or be placed on top of (sth tall) 处於或置於（某高物）的顶端: * A weather-vane surmounts the spire/The spire is surmounted by a weather-vane. 风向标装置在尖塔上[尖塔上装有风向标]. 派生： surmountable adj (of difficulties, etc) that can be overcome （指困难等）可克服的.

surname
[5sE:neim; 5sE7nem] n name shared by all the members of a family 姓; 姓氏: * Smith is a common English surname. 史密斯是常见的英国姓. =>Usage at name1 用法见name1. 派生： surnamed adj [pred 作表语] having a specified surname 姓...的: a boy surnamed Harris 姓哈里斯的男孩.

surpass
[sE'pa:s; - -'ps; sl'pAs] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (in sth) (fml 文) do or be better than sb/sth; exceed sb/sth 优於或超过某人[某事物]: * surpass sb in speed, strength, skill 在速度、 力量、 技术上超过某人 * It will be hard to surpass this very high score. 要超过这麽高的分数是很难的. * The beauty of the scenery surpassed all my expectations. 我万万没想到风景那麽漂亮. 派生： surpassing adj [attrib 作定语] (fml 文) of high quality or degree; exceptional 出色的; 卓越的; 格外的: surpassing beauty 绝色美人. surpassingly adv.

surplice
[5sE:plis; 5sEplis] n loose (usu white) outer garment with wide sleeves worn by priests and singers in the choir during religious services （教士及唱诗班成员於举行仪式时穿的）罩衣（通常为白色）.

surplus
[5sE:plEs; 5sEplEs] n [C, U] 1 amount left over after one has used all that one needs; amount by which money received is greater than money spent 剩馀（额）; 过剩; 盈馀; 顺差: * Surpluses of food can be sold for cash. 多馀的食物可卖钱. * We have a trade surplus of 400 million. 我们有4亿英镑的贸易顺差. * a time of great surplus followed by a time of shortage 物资大量过剩时期, 随之而来的物资短缺时期 * [attrib 作定语] an army surplus store, ie one selling clothes, equipment, etc no longer needed by the army 剩馀军用物资商店（出售军服、 装备品等的）. Cf 参看 deficit. 2 (idm 习语) in `surplus having a surplus 有剩馀; 有盈馀: * Our trade is in surplus, ie We are exporting more than we are importing. 我国贸易出现出超（出口量大於进口量）. 派生： surplus adj ~ (to sth) more than is needed or used 剩馀的; 过剩的: surplus labour, ie workers for whom there are no jobs 剩馀劳动力 * a sale of surplus stock 剩馀存货廉价出售 * This food is surplus to requirements. 这种食物供过於求.

surprise
[sE'praiz; sl'praiz] n 1 (a) [U] feeling caused by sth happening suddenly or unexpectedly 惊奇; 惊讶: * Their defeat caused little surprise, ie was expected. 他们的失败不足为奇. * To my surprise, the plan succeeded. 我感到惊奇的是那计画竟然成功了. * Imagine our surprise on seeing her there. 你想想, 我们在那里看见她时, 是多麽吃惊啊. * She looked up in surprise when I shouted. 我叫喊时, 她吃惊地抬起头来看. * He expressed surprise that no one had offered to help. 谁都不肯帮忙, 他感到诧异. (b) [C] event or thing that causes this feeling 令人吃惊的事物: * What a surprise! 多麽令人惊奇呀! * We've had some unpleasant surprises. 我们得到一些令人不快的意外消息. * The gift came as a complete surprise (to me). 这件礼物完全出乎（我的）意料. * They sprang quite a surprise on me when they offered me that job. 他们把那工作给了我, 我颇感意外. * [attrib 作定语] a surprise visit, attack, party 突然访问、 袭击、 料想不到的聚会. 2 (idm 习语) take sb/sth by sur`prise attack, capture, etc sb/sth unexpectedly or without warning 出其不意或毫无预示而攻击、 捕获...某人[某事物]: * The town was well defended so there was little chance of taking it by surprise. 该城防守严密, 万难袭占. take sb by sur`prise happen unexpectedly, so as to shock sb slightly 使某人吃一惊: * Her sudden resignation took us all by surprise. 她突然辞职, 我们都为之愕然. 派生： surprise v 1 [Tn] cause (sb) to feel surprise 使（某人）吃惊: She's over 80? You surprise me! 她80多岁了? 真想不到! * She was surprised by the boy's intelligence. 那男孩的智力使她很吃惊. * It wouldn't surprise me/I wouldn't be surprised if they lost, ie I rather expect them to lose. 他们要是失败了也不足为奇. * Would it surprise you to know that I'm thinking of resigning? 我正考虑辞职, 你感到意外吗? 2 [Tn, Tng] attack, discover, etc (sb) suddenly and unexpectedly 突然而出人意料地攻击、 发现...（某人）: surprise the opposition, ie attack them when they are unprepared 袭击对方

surprise1
* We returned early and surprised the burglars searching through the cupboards. 我们回来得早, 没想到正撞见有贼正在偷柜橱里的东西. 3 [Tn.pr] ~ sb into sth/doing sth cause sb to do sth through sudden unexpected action 以突然而出其不意的行动促使某人做某事: By firing a few shots we can surprise them into revealing their positions. 我们冷不防打几枪就能让他们暴露他们的位置. surprised adj ~ (at sth/sb) experiencing or showing a feeling of surprise 惊奇的; 惊讶的; 吃惊的; 诧异的: a surprised look, cry 吃惊的样子、 惊叫 * We were surprised at the news. 我们听到这消息很惊讶. * I'm surprised at you, playing with dolls at your age! 想不到你这年龄还玩玩具娃娃! * I'm very surprised to see you here. 我万万没想到能在这儿碰见你. * I'm surprised that he didn't come. 我很奇怪他竟没有来. * It's nothing to be surprised about. 没有什麽值得大惊小怪的. surprising adj causing surprise 令人惊奇的; 使人吃惊的; 惊人的: a surprising decision, defeat 让人大吃一惊的决定、 败北 * It's surprising they lost. 他们竟然失败了, 真没想到. surprisingly adv: Surprisingly, no one came. 真奇怪, 没有人来. * She looked surprisingly well. 她看上去身体好极了.

surreal
[sE'riEl; sE'riEl] adj unlike reality, esp in having combinations or strange distortions of things, as in a dream; fantastic; bizarre 超现实的; 不现实的; 梦幻般的; 荒诞的; 离奇的: * Under the influence of the drug my mind was filled with surreal images. 我受了麻醉药的刺激, 头脑里充满了稀奇古怪的幻觉. * Meeting you here like this is positively surreal! 像这样与你在此相逢真好比一场梦!

surrealism
[sE'riElizEm; sE'riEl7izEm] n [U] 20th-century movement in art and literature that tries to express what is in the subconscious mind by showing objects and events as seen in dreams, etc 超现实主义（20世纪的文艺潮流, 藉表现梦境等以表达潜意识的内容）. 派生： surrealist[-list; -list] n, adj [attrib 作定语] (artist, writer, etc) of surrealism 超现实主义的; 超现实主义者; 超现实主义流派的画家、 作家等: * a surrealist painting, exhibition 超现实主义的画、 作品展览. surrealistic/sE7riE'listik; sE7riEl'istik] adj 1 of surrealism 超现实主义的: * a surrealistic style 超现实主义的风格. 2 surreal 超现实的; 梦幻般的; 离奇的.

surrender
[sE'rendE(r); sE'rendl] v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (oneself) (to sb) stop resisting an enemy, etc; yield; give up 停止抵抗; 投降; 屈服; 放弃: * We shall never surrender. 我们决不投降. * The hijackers finally surrendered (themselves) to the police. 劫机者终於向警方投降了. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth/sb (to sb) (fml 文) give up possession of sth/sb when forced by others or by necessity; hand sth/sb over 被迫放弃对某物[某人]的控制权; 交出某事物[某人]: * We shall never surrender our liberty. 我们决不放弃自由权. * They surrendered their guns to the police. 他们向警方交出枪枝. * He surrendered his insurance policy, ie gave up his rights under the policy in return for immediate payment他中途退保（放弃保险以立即获得退保金）. 3 (phr v) surrender (oneself) to sth (fml or rhet usu derog 文或修辞, 通常作贬义) allow (a habit, an emotion, an influence, etc) to control what one does 听任（某习惯、 感情、 影响等）摆布: * He surrendered (himself) to despair and eventually committed suicide. 他陷於绝望, 终於自杀了. 派生： surrender n [U, C] surrendering or being surrendered 投降; 屈服; 放弃; 交出: demand the surrender of the town 要求该城投降 * She accused the government of a cowardly surrender to big-business interests. 她指责政府畏首畏尾屈从於大企业的利益. * [attrib 作定语] What is the surrender value of these shares? 这些股票的转让价额是多少?

surreptitious
[7sQrEp'tiFEs; 7sQrEp'tiFEs] adj (usu derog 通常作贬义) done or acting secretly or stealthily 暗中进行的; 偷偷的: * a surreptitious glance 偷偷的一瞥 * She carried out a surreptitious search of his belongings.她暗地里搜查他的东西. * I don't mind you smoking occasionally -- there's no need to be so surreptitious about it! 你偶尔吸烟我倒并不介意--何必这样躲躲闪闪! > surreptitiously adv.

surrogate
[5sQrEgeit; 5sQrE7get] n ~ (for sb/sth) (fml 文) person or thing that acts or is used instead of another; substitute 替代的人或事物; 替代者; 代理人; 替代物; 代用品: * Fiction is a poor surrogate for real experience. 小说中的事远逊於实际体验. * [attrib 作定语] a surrogate mother, ie a woman who has a baby on behalf of another who is unable to have babies herself 代母（代不育女子生育的女子）.

surround
[sE'raund; sE'raund] n [Tn, Tn.pr] (a) ~ sb/sth (with sb/sth) (cause sb/sth to) move into position all round sb/sth; encircle sb/sth, esp so as to prevent escape （使某人[某物]）包围某人[某物]; 围住某人[某物]（尤指使之无法脱逃）: * Troops have surrounded the town. 部队已将该城包围. * They have surrounded the town with troops. 他们出动军队包围了该城. * (fig 比喻) He likes to surround himself with beautiful things. 他喜欢生活在美的环境中. (b) ~ sth/sb (by/with sth) (esp passive 尤用於被动语态) be all round sth/sb 包围或环绕某物[某人]: * Trees surround the pond. 树木围绕着池塘. * The house was surrounded by high walls. 房子的四周有高墙. * (fig 比喻) The new plan is surrounded by much speculation, ie Everyone is wondering about it. 新计画备受猜疑. * She has always been surrounded with fashionable friends. 她周围总有许多爱赶时髦的朋友. 派生： surround n (usu decorative) border around an object （通常指装饰性的）物体的边缘: a fireplace with a tiled surround 周围镶有瓷砖的壁炉. surrounding adj [attrib 作定语] that is around and nearby 周围附近的: York and the surrounding countryside.约克城及其近郊. surroundings n [pl] all the objects, conditions, etc that are around (and may affect) sb/sth; environment 周围的物体、 条件等（可为有影响力的）; 环境: living in pleasant surroundings 生活在舒适的环境中 * Animals in zoos are not in their natural surroundings. 动物园中的动物没有自然环境.

surtax
[5sE:tAks; 5sE7tAks] n [U] tax charged at a higher rate than the normal on income above a certain level 附加税（对超过限度的收入所徵收的）.

surveillance
[sE:'veilEns; sl'velEns] n [U] careful watch kept on sb suspected of doing wrong （对涉嫌者的）监视: * The police are keeping the suspects under round-the-clock surveillance. 警方对疑犯昼夜监视.

survey
[sE'vei; sl've] v [Tn] 1 look carefully at all of (sth/sb), esp from a distance 仔细全面地观察（某物[某人]）（尤指自远处）: * surveying the crowds from a balcony 从阳台上观望人群 * survey the countryside from the top of a hill 从山顶上眺望郊野 * She surveyed me haughtily over the top of her glasses. 她傲慢地从眼镜的上方向我审视. 2 study (and describe) the general condition of (sth) 全面研究（及论述）（某事物）: * a speech in which she surveyed the international situation 她概括论述国际局势的讲话 * In this book, the author surveys recent developments in linguistics. 作者在本书中概述了语言学目前的发展情况. 3 find and record the area and features of (a piece of land) by measurement and/or calculation (eg using trigonometry) 测量, 勘察, 勘测（土地）: * survey a plot of land for building 勘测一建 用地. 4 (Brit) examine (a building, etc) to make sure its structure is in good condition 检查（建 物等）（鉴定其结构状况）: * have a house surveyed before deciding to buy it 买房子要先鉴定质量再决定购买与否. 5 investigate the behaviour, opinions, etc of (a group of people), usu by questioning them 调查（某部分人）的行为、 意见等（通常以询问方式进行）: * Of the five hundred householders surveyed, 40% had dishwashers. 在接受调查的五百家住户中, 40%有洗碗机. 派生： survey[5sE:vei; 5sEve] n 1 general view, examination or description 全面的观察、 检查或论述; 审视; 概观; 概论: * A quick survey of the street showed that no one was about. 扫视街道, 空无一人. * a survey of the situation, subject 对情况、 问题的概括论述 * a comprehensive survey of modern music 现代音乐综述. 2 act of surveying (survey v 3); map or record of this 测量; 勘测; 测量图; 勘测记录: * an aerial survey, ie made by taking photographs from an aircraft 航空测量照片.

survey1
3 (Brit) examination of the condition of a house, etc （房屋等的）结构状况检查, 查勘, 鉴定. 4 act of surveying (survey v 5); investigation （对部分人的行为、 意见等的）调查: * a public o`pinion survey 民意调查 * Surveys show that 75% of people approve of the new law. 民意测验表明, 75%的人赞成新颁布的法规. surveyor/sE'veiE(r); sl'vel] n 1 person who surveys (survey v 4) and values buildings, etc （建 物等的）鉴定估价人. 2 person who surveys (survey v 3) land, etc （土地等的）测量员, 勘测员. 3 official appointed to check the accuracy, quality, etc of sth 检测官; 检验员: * surveyor of weights and measures 度量衡检测官 * the surveyor of highways 公路视察员.

survival
[sE'vaivl; sl'vaivl] n 1 [U] state of continuing to live or exist; surviving 继续生存或存在; 存活; 幸存: * the miraculous survival of some people in the air crash 空难事件中有些人奇迹般大难不死 * the survival of the fittest, ie the continuing existence of those animals and plants which are best adapted to their surroundings, etc 适者生存（动植物最能适应环境等者得以存活） * [attrib 作定语] a sur`vival kit, ie a package of items needed by survivors of a disaster, eg at sea 救生包（装有维持生命之必需品, 如供海难等幸存者使用的）. 2 [C] ~ (from sth) person, thing, custom, belief, etc that has survived from an earlier time 过去时代留存下来的人、 物、 风俗、 信仰等; 遗老; 遗习; 旧风俗; 旧思想: * a ceremony which is a survival from pre-Christian times 从公元前沿袭下来的礼仪活动.

survive
[sE'vaiv; sl'vaiv] v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (from sth); ~ (on sth) continue to live or exist 继续生存或存在: * the last surviving member of the family 这家唯一活着的人 * Of the six people in the plane that crashed, only one survived. 在失事飞机上的六个人, 仅一人幸存. * Many strange customs have survived from earlier times. 有许多古怪的习俗源远流长. * I can't survive on ￡30 a week, ie It is not enough for my basic needs. 我每周收入30英镑难以活命. * (fig 比喻) Life is hard at the moment, but we're surviving, ie coping successfully with the difficulties. 目前生活很艰难, 但我们正在挣扎求生. 2 [Tn] continue to live or exist in spite of nearly being killed or destroyed by (sth) 经历（某事物）幸存: * survive an earthquake, shipwreck, etc 经历地震、 沉船等而死里逃生 * Few buildings survived the bombing raids intact. 空袭过後幸存的建 物绝无仅有. * The plants may not survive the frost. 这些植物不经冻. 3 [Tn] remain alive after (sb) 比（某人）长命: * The old lady has survived all her children. 那老太太的子女都先她而去世了. 派生： survivor n person who has survived 幸存者; 生还者: send help to the survivors of the earthquake 救助地震中的幸存者.

sus
(also suss)[sQs; sQs] v (-ss-) (sl 俚) 1 [Tn, Tn.p, Tf, Tw] ~ sb/sth (out) discover sb/sth 发现、 发觉或探明某人[某事物]: * I've got him/it sussed (out), ie I now understand him/it. 我现在已了解他[它]了. * We've sussed (out) who did it. 我们已弄清楚是谁干的了. 2 (phr v) sus sth out investigate sth carefully 仔细调查某事物: * I sent Joe along to sus out the possibility of doing a deal with them. 我派乔去了解一下与他们做一笔交易的可能性.

susceptible
[sE'septEbl; sE'septEbl] adj 1 ~ to sth [pred 作表语] easily influenced or harmed by sth 易受某事物影响或损害: * highly susceptible to flattery 听几句好话就忘乎所以 * plants that are not susceptible to disease 不易受病害侵袭的植物. 2 easily influenced by feelings; impressionable 易受感情影响的; 易受影响的: * a nave person with a susceptible nature 幼稚而无主见的人 * He's so susceptible that she easily gained his affection. 他易受感情影响, 所以她很轻易地就得到了他的爱. 3 ~ of sth [pred 作表语] (fml 文) that can undergo sth; capable of sth 能经受某事物; 有某种能力: * Is your statement susceptible of proof? 你的说法能加以证实吗? 派生： susceptibility/sE7septE'bilEti; sE7septE'bilEti] n 1 [U] ~ (to sth) state of being susceptible 易受影响或损害的状况: * take advantage of her susceptibility 利用她在感情上的脆弱 * susceptibility to persuasion 容易被言词打动的特性. 2 susceptibilities [pl] person's feelings, considered as being easily hurt 感情（之脆弱处）: * Do nothing to offend her susceptibilities. 不要伤害她的感情.

suspect
[sE'spekt; sE'spekt] v 1 [Tn, Tf, Tnt] have an idea of the existence, presence or truth of (sth); believe 有（某事物）存在或属实的想法; 相信: * He suspected an ambush. 他感到有埋伏. * I strongly suspect that they're trying to get rid of me. 我强烈地感觉到他们要除掉我.* Most people don't, I suspect, realize this. 我想, 大多数人是意识不到这一点的. * What she said sounded convincing, but I suspect it to be a lie. 她的话听起来像那麽回事, 但我认为那是谎话. 2 [Tn] feel doubt about (sth); mistrust 怀疑（某事物）; 不信任: * suspect sb's motives 怀疑某人的动机 * I suspect the truth of her statement. 我对她那番话的真实性表示怀疑. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (of sth/doing sth) feel that sb is guilty of sth, without certain proof 怀疑某人有某罪: * Who do the police suspect (of the crime)? 警方怀疑谁（作的案）? * What made you suspect her of having taken the money? 你凭什麽怀疑钱是她偷的? 派生： suspect[5sQspekt; 5sQspekt] n person suspected of a crime, etc 嫌疑犯; 可疑对象: * The police are interrogating two suspects. 警方正在审讯两个嫌疑犯. * He's a prime suspect in the murder case. 他是这次谋杀案的主要怀疑对象. suspect[5sQspekt; 5sQspekt] adj not to be relied on or trusted; possibly false 不可靠的; 不可信的; 可能有假的; 可疑的: * His statements are suspect. 他的说法靠不住. * The car has a suspect tyre, eg one that is damaged and therefore dangerous. 这辆汽车的轮胎有问题（如已损坏故有危险）.

suspend
[sE'spend; sE'spend] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) (fml 文) hang sth up 悬挂或吊起某物: * A lamp was suspended from the ceiling above us. 我们头顶上的天花板上吊着一盏灯. 2 [Tn.pr usu passive 通常用於被动语态] not allow (sth) to fall or sink in air or liquid, etc 使（某物）悬浮: * a balloon suspended above the crowd 悬浮在人群上方的气球 * Smoke hung suspended in the still air. 轻烟在静止的空气里悬浮着. * particles suspended in water 悬浮在水中的微粒. 3 [Tn] (a) prevent (sth) from being in effect for a time; stop (sth) temporarily 暂不实行（某事物）; 使（某事物）暂停: * suspend a rule 暂不实行一项规定 * Rail services are suspended indefinitely because of the strike. 铁路运输因罢工而无限期停运. * During the crisis, the constitution was suspended, ie people did not have their normal civil rights. 在危机期间, 曾暂时停止实行宪法（人民不能正常地享有公民权利）. (b) postpone (sth); delay 推迟（某事物）; 延缓: * suspend introduction of the new scheme 延缓实施新方案 * suspend judgement, ie delay forming or expressing an opinion 暂不决断 * give a criminal a suspended sentence, ie not send him to prison unless he commits a further offence 给一罪犯缓刑. 4 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (from sth) prevent sb officially from holding his usual position, carrying out his usual duties, etc for a time 勒令某人暂时停职、 停止履行职责等: * The policeman was suspended while the complaint was investigated. 因该警察遭投诉, 在调查期间已令其暂停职务. * She was suspended from school for stealing. 她因有偷窃行为遭勒令停学处分. 复合： su,spended ani`mation state of being alive but not conscious 假死; 不省人事: (fig 比喻) The whole project is in suspended animation while we wait for permission to proceed. 我们整个项目暂时搁置以待审批.

suspender
[sE'spendE(r); sE'spendl] n 1 [C esp pl 尤作复数] (Brit) short elastic strap for holding up a sock or stocking by its top 吊带. 2 suspenders [pl] (US) = braces. 复合： su`spender belt woman's belt-like undergarment, worn round the waist, with straps for holding up stockings （女用）吊带围腰.

suspense
[sE'spens; sE'spens] n [U] feeling of tenseness, worry, etc about what may happen （对可能发生之事的）紧张感, 担心, 挂虑: * We waited in great suspense for the doctor's opinion. 我们焦急万分地等候医生做出诊断. * Don't keep us in suspense any longer: * tell us what happened! 别再让我们着急了, 快告诉我们出了什麽事了!

suspension
[sE'spenFn; sE'spenFEn] n 1 [U] suspending or being suspended 悬挂; 悬浮; 暂停; 延缓; 停职: * the suspension of a rule, law, etc 规则、 法令等的暂停实施 * the suspension of a pupil from school 对一名学生的停学处分 * She appealed against her suspension. 她对被停职一事已进行上诉. 2 [U] system of parts (eg springs and shock absorbers) by which a vehicle is supported on its axles （车辆的）悬挂装置（如弹簧及减震器）: * The poor suspension gives a rather bumpy ride. 因悬挂装置性能差, 行驶时很颠簸. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xii. 3 [C, U] (state of a) liquid containing tiny particles of solid matter floating in it 悬浮（液）: * medicine in powder form held in suspension, ie to be taken by drinking 药粉悬浮剂（口服用）. 复合： su`spension bridge bridge suspended from steel cables supported by towers at each end 悬索桥; 吊桥. =>illus at bridge 见bridge插图.

suspicion
[sE'spiFn; sE'spiFEn] n 1 (a) [U] suspecting or being suspected 怀疑; 涉嫌: * regard sb with suspicion 怀疑某人 * He was arrested on suspicion of having stolen the money. 他因涉嫌偷那笔钱而被捕. * Her behaviour aroused no suspicion. 她的举动未受怀疑. * After a crime, suspicion naturally falls on the person who has a motive for it. 一罪案发生後, 有作案动机的人自然受到怀疑. (b) [C] ~ (about sth/sb); ~ (that...) belief or feeling that sth is wrong, that sb has done wrong, etc 疑心; 疑忌; 猜疑: * I have a suspicion that she is not telling me the truth. 我疑心她没对我说实话. * It appears to be genuine, but I have my suspicions (about it). 这看来好像是真的, 不过我（对此）有怀疑. 2 [sing] ~ (of sth) slight taste or amount 些许味道; 少量; 一点儿: * a suspicion of garlic in the stew 炖菜中的一点大蒜味 * a suspicion of sadness in her voice 她声音中的一丝悲伤. 3 (idm 习语) a,bove su`spicion too good, honest, etc to be suspected of wrongdoing 不受怀疑的: * Nobody who was near the scene of the crime is above suspicion. 在犯罪现场附近的人无不受到怀疑. under su`spicion suspected of wrongdoing 有嫌疑; 涉嫌.

suspicious
[sE'spiFEs; sE'spiFEs] adj 1 ~ (about/of sth/sb) having or showing suspicion 有疑心的; 表示怀疑的: * a suspicious look, attitude 怀疑的样子、 态度 * I'm very suspicious about her motives. 我对她的动机甚为怀 疑. * He is suspicious of (ie does not trust) strangers. 他不信任陌生人. 2 causing suspicion 引起怀疑的; 可疑的: * a suspicious action, remark 可疑的行动、 言语 * a suspicious character, ie sb who may be dishonest 不可靠的人 * It's very suspicious that she was in the house when the crime happened. 案发时她在房子里, 此点非常可疑. > suspiciously adv: * acting suspiciously 形迹可疑 * Everything was suspiciously quiet. 一切静得离奇.

suss
= sus.

sustain
[sE'stein; sE'sten] v [Tn] 1 (fml 文) bear (weight) without breaking or falling: * support 承受住（重量）; 支承; 支撑: * Will this shelf sustain the weight of all these books? 这个书架承受得住这些书的重量吗? 2 (a) keep (sb/sth) alive or in existence 维持（某人[某物]）的生命或存在: * You should eat good sustaining food, ie food that gives strength. 你应该吃些能增强体力的食物. * not enough oxygen to sustain life 氧气稀少不足以维持生命 * Only the hope that the rescuers were getting nearer sustained the trapped miners, ie kept them cheerful and enabled them to stay alive. 遇难矿工盼望援救人员正在接近他们, 这是他们赖以坚持下去的唯一希望. (b) keep (a sound, an effort, etc) going; maintain 使（声音、 努力等）持续下去; 保持: * The book's weakness is the author's inability to sustain an argument. 该书的缺点在於作者未能把论证展开. * sustain a note, ie continue to play or sing it without interruption 继续演奏（或演唱）某一音符 * make a sustained effort to finish off the work 坚持不懈以完成该项工作 * The clapping was sustained for several minutes. 掌声持续了几分钟. 3 (fml 文) undergo (sth); suffer 经受（某事物）; 遭受: * sustain a defeat, an injury, a loss 遭受失败、 伤害、 损失 * He sustained a severe blow on the head. 他头部受到重击. 4 (law 律) decide that (a claim, etc) is valid; uphold 确认（某项要求等）正当有效; 认可; 准许: * The court sustained his claim that the contract was illegal. 法庭确认他的要求正当, 宣布该合同不合法. * Objection sustained! 反对有效!

sustenance
[5sQstinEns; 5sQstEnEns] n [U] (nourishing quality of) food and drink; nourishment 食物; 营养; 养料: * There's not much sustenance in a glass of orange squash. 一杯橙汁饮料没有什麽营养. * weak from lack of sustenance 因缺乏营养而虚弱.

suture
[5su:tFE(r); 5sutFl] n (medical 医) stitch or stitches made in sewing up a wound, esp following an operation （伤口的）缝线, 缝术. 派生： suture v [Tn] (medical 医) sew up (a wound) 缝合（伤口）.

suzerain
[5su:zErein; - -rin; 5suzErin] n (fml 文) country or ruler that controls the foreign policy of another country but allows it to govern its own internal affairs 宗主国; 宗主国的统治者. 派生： suzerainty[5su:zErEnti; 5suzErinti] n [U] (fml 文) authority or rule of a suzerain 宗主权; 宗主国的统治: * a country under the suzerainty of its powerful neighbour 在强大邻国宗主权治下的国家.

svelte
[svelt; svelt] adj (approv 褒) (of a person) gracefully thin （指人）苗条的: * a svelte figure 苗条的身材.

SW
abbr 缩写 = 1 (radio 无) short wave. 2 South-West (ern): SW Australia 澳大利亚西南部 * London SW15 6QX, ie as a postal code 伦敦SW15 6QX（如用作邮政编码）.

swab
[swCb; swab] n (a) piece of cotton wool, etc used in medicine for cleaning wounds, etc or for taking specimens, eg of mucus, for testing （医用的）拭子; 药签. (b) specimen taken in this way （用拭子取下的）化验标本: * take swabs from children suspected of having diphtheria 取怀疑白喉患儿拭样供化验. 派生： swab v (-bb-) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] clean or wipe (sth) with a swab 用拭子拭抹或擦净（某物）: swab the wound with cotton wool 用药棉擦净伤口 * swab the blood off her face 用拭子揩掉她脸上的血迹. 2 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (down) clean sth with water using a mop, cloth, etc （用拖把、 抹布等）擦洗（某物）: swab down the decks 用拖把擦洗甲板.

swaddle
[5swCdl; 5swadl] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (in sth) 1 (dated 旧) wrap (a baby) in long narrow strips of cloth to stop it moving about 用长布条包裹（婴儿）. 2 wrap sb/oneself in warm clothes, etc; swathe sb/oneself 用保暖的衣物等裹住某人[自己]的身体; 给某人[自己]包扎: * She sat by the fire, swaddled in a blanket. 她用毯子裹住身子, 坐在火炉旁. 派生： `swaddling-clothes[5swCdliN; 5swadliN] n [pl] (dated 旧) strips of cloth used for swaddling a baby 用作襁褓的长布条.

swag
[swAg; swAg] n 1 [C] carved ornament representing a hanging bunch of fruit and flowers 雕刻的有成簇下垂的水果及鲜花的装饰物. 2 [U] (dated sl 旧, 俚) stolen goods 赃物. 3 [C] (Austral 澳) bundle of belongings carried by a tramp 流浪者的行囊. 复合： `swagman n (pl -men) (Austral 澳) tramp 流浪的人.

swagger
[5swAgE(r); 5swAgl] v [I, Ipr, Ip] (usu derog 通常作贬义) walk or behave in a proud or boastful way 趾高气扬地行走或行事: * Don't swagger (around) just because you got the job. 别因为得到了这份工作就得意忘形. * He took his prize and swaggered back to his seat. 他领奖後洋洋得意地回到自己的座位上. 派生： swagger n [sing] (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) swaggering movement or way of behaving 趾高气扬: walk with a swagger 大摇大摆地行走. swaggeringly adv. 复合： `swagger-stick (also `swagger-cane) n (Brit) short stick carried by a military officer 军官用的短手杖.

swain
[swein; swen] n 1 (dated or joc 旧或谑) young male lover; suitor 情郎; 求爱的男子. 2 (arch 古) young man from the country 乡村小伙子.

swallow
1[5swClEu; 5swalo] v 1 (a) [I, Tn] cause or allow (esp food or drink) to go down the throat 吞下或 下（尤指食物或饮料）: * Taking pills is easy; just put them in your mouth and swallow. 服用药片很容易, 只须放在口中 下即可. * Chew your food properly before swallowing it. 食物嚼碎後再 下. (b) [I] use the muscles of the throat as if doing this, eg in fear 做如同吞 般的动作（如恐惧时）: * She swallowed hard, and turned to face her accuser. 她用力 了一下唾液, 转身面对那个控告她的人. 2 [Tn] (infml 口) (a) accept (an insult, etc) without protest 忍受（侮辱等）: * She called you a liar. Are you going to swallow that? 她说你撒谎. 你打算忍受这种侮辱吗? * He swallowed all the criticism without saying a thing. 他默默地忍受一切责难. (b) believe (sth) too easily 轻信（某事物）: * He flatters her outrageously, and she swallows it whole, ie believes it entirely. 他极力奉承她, 而她竟以为完全是由衷之言. 3 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sb/sth (up) (a) take sb/sth into itself so that he/it can no longer be seen 吞没或掩盖某人[某事物]: * The jungle swallowed up the explorers. 探险人员消失在密林里了. * The aircraft was swallowed (up) in the clouds. 飞机已没入云中. * (fig 比喻) small firms being swallowed up by giant corporations, ie taken over so that they disappear 被大公司兼并的小商行. (b) use sth up completely 用尽某事物: * The cost of the trial swallowed up all their savings. 诉讼费用耗光了他们的全部积蓄. 4 [Tn] not express (a feeling, etc) openly 不流露（感情等）: * She swallowed her anger and carried on. 她忍气吞声地继续进行下去. * I was forced to swallow my pride and ask for a loan. 我无奈须忍辱告贷. 5 (idm 习语) a bitter pill to swallow => bitter. swallow the bait accept sth that has been said, offered, etc to tempt one 上钩; 中圈套. swallow/pocket one's pride => pride. swallow one's words admit that one has said sth wrong 承认说错了话:

swallow1
* He told me I wouldn't pass the test but I'm determined to make him swallow his words, ie by passing. 他对我说我考不及格, 我一定让他承认说错了话. 派生： swallow n (a) act of swallowing 吞; . (b) amount swallowed at one time 一次吞 的量: take a swallow of beer 喝一口啤哂.

swam
pt of swim.

swami
[5swa:mi; 5swami] n Hindu religious teacher 印度教宗教导师.

swamp
[swCmp; swamp] n [C, U] (area of) soft wet land; marsh 湿软土地; 沼泽; 沼泽区. 派生： swamp v 1 [Tn] flood or soak (sth) with water 淹没或浸泡（某物）: The sink overflowed and swamped the kitchen. 洗涤槽的水溢出来了, 厨房里到处是水. * A huge wave swamped the boat. 一个巨浪淹没了那条船.2 [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (with sth) overwhelm sb/sth with a great quantity of things （以繁多的事物）压倒某人[某事物]: We asked for applications and were swamped (with them). 我们请大家提出申请, 因而（为此）应接不暇. * I've been swamped with work this year. 今年我工作忙得不可开交. swampy adj (-ier, -iest): swampy ground 湿软的地面.

swan
[swCn; swan] n 1 large graceful (usu white) water-bird with a long thin neck 天鹅. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page v. 2 (idm 习语) all sb's geese are swans => goose. 派生： swan v (-nn-) [Ipr, Ip] ~ off, around, etc (infml derog 口, 贬) go off, around, etc in a leisurely but irresponsible manner 优游自在而不负责任地走开、 闲逛等: swanning around (the town) in her new sports car when she should have been at work 在本该她工作的时间, 却开着她那辆新跑车（在城里）到处兜风 * Are you swanning off on holiday again? 你又是一走了之度假去了吗? 复合： `swan-dive n (US) = swallow-dive (swallow 2). `swan-song n person's last performance, achievement or composition 个人最後的演出、 成就或作品: His performance as King Lear was to be his swan-song before retiring. 他扮演李尔王是他退休前的告别演出.

swank
[swANk; swANk] v [I] (infml derog 口, 贬) behave or talk in a boastful way; swagger 炫耀; 吹嘘; 趾高气扬: * She's swanking just because they said her essay was the best. 皆因人称她的文章最好, 她就忘乎所以了. 派生： swank n (infml derog 口, 贬) 1 [U] behaviour or talk that is intended to impress people 炫耀; 吹嘘; 出风头: wear an expensive watch just for swank 仅为摆阔气而戴贵重的手表. 2 [C] person who swanks 炫耀者; 吹牛者; 出风头的人: Don't be such a swank! 别那麽招摇! swanky adj (-ier, -iest) (infml derog 口, 贬) 1 fashionable and expensive in a showy way 炫耀时髦的; 摆阔气的: He stays in the swankiest hotels. 他住最奢华的旅馆. 2 tending to swank 爱炫耀的: Jill and her swanky friends. 吉尔和她的那些爱出风头的朋友.

swap
(also swop)[swCp; swap] v (-pp-) (infml 口) 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p, Dn.n] ~ (sth) (with sb);~ (sb) sth for sth; ~ sth (over/round) give sth in exchange for sth else; substitute sth for sth else 以某物交换他物; 以此物代替彼物: * Your book looks more interesting than mine: * do you want to swap (with me)? 你的书好像比我的有意思, 你愿意（和我）交换吗? * They swapped (ie told each other) stories about their army days. 他们互相讲述了他们在军队中的经历. * I'll swap (you) my Michael Jackson tape for your Bruce Springsteen album. 我想用迈克尔．杰克逊的录音带交换你的布鲁斯．斯普林斯廷唱片集. * She swapped our chairs (round), so I had hers and she had mine. 她把我们俩的椅子对调了, 因此我坐的是她的, 她坐的是我的. * I wouldn't swap places with him for anything, ie would not wish to be in his situation. 我说什麽也不愿意处於他的地位. 2 (idm 习语) change/swap horses in mid-stream => horse. change/swap places => place1. 派生： swap n 1 (usu sing 通常作单数) act of swapping; exchange 交换; 交易; 交流: As you like my dress and I like yours, shall we do a swap? 既然你喜欢我的连衣裙而我也喜欢你的, 咱们交换好吗? 2 thing swapped or suitable for swapping 交换之物; 适於交换之物.

sward
[swC:d; swCrd] n [U] (dated or rhet 旧或修辞) turf; grass 草皮; 草.

swarm
1[swC:m; swCrm] n 1 large number of insects, birds, etc moving around together, esp bees following a queen bee （昆虫、 鸟类等移动中的）大群; （尤指跟随一蜂王的）蜂群: * a swarm of ants, starlings, locusts, etc 一大群蚂蚁、 椋鸟、 蝗虫等. 2 (often pl 常作复数) (unpleasantly) large number of people; crowd （令人反感的）大群人; 人群: * swarms of children in the park 公园里一帮一伙的儿童. 派生： swarm v 1 [I] (of bees) move around in a swarm, esp following a queen bee （指蜜蜂）成群飞行（尤指随一蜂王）. 2 (a) [Ipr, Ip] move in large numbers (in the specified direction) 大群地（朝某方向）移动: The guests swarmed round the tables where the food was set out. 客人聚集到摆好饭菜的餐桌周围. * The crowd was swarming out through the gates. 人群一窝蜂地从出口涌出. (b) [I] be present in (unpleasantly) large numbers 聚集（而拥挤不堪）: crowds swarming in the streets 街上拥挤不堪的人群. 3 (phr v) swarm with sb/sth (of a place) be (unpleasantly) crowded with or full of (people or things) （指地方）挤满或到处是（人或物）: The beach was swarming with bathers. 海滩上挤满了游泳的人. * The stables swarmed with flies. 马厩里到处都是苍蝇.

swarthy
[5swC:Ti; 5swCrTi] adj (-ier, -iest) dark or dark-skinned 黝黑的; 黑皮肤的: * a swarthy skin, face, complexion, person 黝黑的皮肤、 面孔、 肤色、 人.

swashbuckling
[5swCFbQkliN; 5swaF7bQkliN] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] typical of the exciting adventures and romantic appearance of pirates, soldiers of former times, etc, esp as shown in films （昔时海盗、 武士等）惊险传奇式的（尤指影片中表现的）: * swashbuckling heroes 侠客 * a swashbuckling tale of adventure on the high seas 公海上惊心动魄的冒险故事.

swastika
[5swCstikE; 5swastikE] n symbol in the form of a cross with its ends bent at right angles, formerly used as a Nazi emblem 字（旧时用作纳粹党的党徽）. =>illus at cross 见cross插图.

swat
[swCt; swat] v (-tt-) [Tn] hit (sth/sb) hard, esp with a flat object 猛击（某物[某人]）; （尤指）重拍: * swat a fly 拍苍蝇 * She swatted him on the bottom with a rolled-up newspaper. 她用卷着的报纸打他的屁股. 派生： swat n blow of this kind 猛击; 重拍: Give that fly a swat. 拍那只苍蝇. swatter n instrument for swatting flies, etc, usu a flat piece of plastic or metal fixed to a handle 用作拍打的工具; 蝇拍.

swathe
1[sweiT; sweT] (also swath/swC:W; swCW] ) n 1 strip of grass or other plants cut by a mower, scythe, etc （用刈草机、 长柄大镰刀等）割下的一行草或其他植物: * (fig 比喻) The storm cut a swathe through (ie destroyed large areas of) the forest. 暴风雨把大片大片的森林夷为平地. 2 broad strip 长而宽的一条: * a swathe of daffodils across the lawn 草坪上长而宽的一片黄水仙.

sway
[swei; swe] v 1 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) move or lean slowly from side to side （使某物）摇晃, 摇摆, 摆动: * trees swaying in the wind 在风中摇曳的树 * He swayed slightly, as if about to fall. 他身子一歪, 像要倒下. * She swayed her hips seductively as she danced. 她跳舞时诱人地摆动着臀部. 2 [Tn] influence or change the opinions or actions of (sb) 影响或改变（某人）的观点或行动: * a speech that swayed many voters 影响众多选民的演说 * Your arguments won't sway her: * she's determined to leave. 你讲的道理说服不了她, 她已下定决心离开. 派生： sway n [U] 1 swaying movement 摇晃; 摇摆; 摆动: The sway of the ferry made him feel sick. 渡船摇摇晃晃, 他感到恶心. 2 (rhet 修辞) rule or control 统治; 支配: people under the sway of Rome, ie ruled by Rome in ancient times 在罗马帝国统治下的人民. 3 (idm 习语) hold `sway (over sb/sth) (dated or rhet 旧或修辞) have the greatest power or influence; be dominant 有最大的权力或影响; 居於统治地位: Among English playwrights, few would deny that Shakespeare holds sway. 在英国的戏剧作家中鲜有人能否认莎士比亚文学泰斗的地位.

swear
[sweE(r); swer] v (pt swore/swC:(r); swCr] , pp sworn/swC:n; swCrn] ) 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (at sb/sth) use rude or blasphemous words in anger, surprise, etc; curse 咒骂, 诅咒: * She bumped her head in the doorway and swore loudly. 她的头撞到门框上, 大骂了一声. * The foreman is always swearing at the workers. 那工头总是对工人骂骂咧咧. 2 [no passive 不用於被动语态: * Tn, Tf, Tt] say or promise (sth) very seriously, definitely or solemnly 极其认真、 明确或郑重地说或允诺（某事）: * I've never seen him before, I swear it. 我以前从未见过他, 我说的是实话. * She swore that she'd never seen him. 她肯定地说, 她从未见过他. * I could have sworn (ie I was certain) I heard a knock at the door. 我千真万确听到了敲门声. * I swore not to tell anybody about it. 我保证不把这事告诉任何人. 3 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tf, Tt no passive不用於被动语态] (cause sb to) make a solemn promise or statement about (sth) （使某人）就（某事物）宣誓: * Witnesses have to swear on the bible (to tell the truth). 证人须手按《圣经》宣誓（说实话）. * They have sworn (an oath of) allegiance to the crown. 他们宣誓效忠君主. * Has the jury been sworn (ie officially appointed by taking an oath)? 陪审团宣誓了吗? * Are you willing to swear in court that you saw him do it? 你愿意在法庭上宣誓说你曾看见他做那件事了吗? 4 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (against sb) make (a statement) promising officially that it is true 宣誓承认（某一陈述）属实: * swear an accusation/a charge against sb 宣誓保证指控某人的内容属实. 5 (idm 习语) swear `blind (infml 口) say definitely 一口咬定: * She swore blind that she had not taken the money. 她一口咬定说她没有拿那笔钱. swear like a `trooper use very obscene or blasphemous language 破口大骂. swear sb to `secrecy make sb promise to keep a secret 使某人发誓保守秘密:

swear1
* I swore her to secrecy about what I had told her. 我要她起誓对我告诉她的事保守秘密. 6 (phr v) swear by sb/sth (a) name sb/sth as a guarantee of what one is promising 以某人[某事物]之名义起誓: * I swear by almighty God that I will tell the truth. 我对全能的上帝起誓我一定说实话. (b) (infml 口) believe greatly in the usefulness or value of sth (and use it constantly) 极其信赖（并经常使用）某事物: * Many of my friends are using word processors but I still swear by my old typewriter. 我有许多朋友都使用文字处理机, 可我还是爱用我的老式打字机. swear sb in (esp passive 尤用於被动语态) introduce sb officially or ceremonially to a new position, responsibility, etc by getting him to swear an oath 使某人宣誓就职: * The President has to be sworn in publicly. 总统必须当众宣誓就职. * Let the witness be sworn in. 让证人宣誓作证. swear off sth (infml 口) declare that one will stop using sth 宣布停用某事物: * I've decided to swear off smoking. 我已宣布戒烟了. swear to sth (infml 口) say definitely that sth is true 断言某事物为实; 肯定某事物: * I think I've met him before, but I wouldn't swear to it, ie I'm not sure. 我好像见过他, 只是不敢肯定. 派生： swearer n person who swears (swear 1) 咒骂者; 诅咒者. 复合： `swear-word n rude or blasphemous word 骂人的话; 亵渎之辞.

sweat
[swet; swet] n 1 [U] natural moisture which comes through the skin when one is hot, ill, afraid, working hard, etc 汗: * wipe the sweat from one's forehead 擦去额头上的汗水 * a vest damp with sweat 浸透了汗水的背心 * (fig 比喻) They built it with the sweat of their brow, ie by working hard. 他们辛辛苦苦地把它建成了. 2 a sweat [sing] state of sweating or being covered with sweat 出汗; 流汗; 满身大汗: * be in/break out in a sweat 出[发]汗 * work up a good sweat by running 跑出一身汗 * They say a good sweat will cure a cold. 据说好好发一身汗就能治好感冒. 3 [U] moisture that forms on any surface, eg by condensation （因冷凝作用等而形成於物体表面的）水汽, 水珠. 4 (fig infml 比喻, 口) (a) [U] hard work or effort 艰苦的工作或努力: * Making your own beer? It's not worth the sweat! 你自己酿啤酒吗? 不值得费那个劲! (b) a sweat [sing] task, etc needing much effort 艰巨的任务等: * Climbing all these stairs is a real sweat. 登上所有这些楼梯可真费力气. 5 (idm 习语) all of a `sweat (infml 口) (a) wet with sweat 一身大汗. (b) anxious or frightened 焦急的; 害怕的: * I was all of a sweat before the exam. 我临考前急得不得了. no `sweat (infml 口) (used as a way of saying that sth will not be difficult or inconvenient 用作表示某事物并无困难或不便的用语): * `I'm sorry to give you so much extra work.’ `No sweat!’ ie It doesn't bother me. ‘很抱歉, 给你增加了这麽多的工作.’‘没什麽!’ 派生： sweat v 1 [I] produce sweat, eg when hot, ill, afraid, or working hard 出汗; 流汗; 发汗: sweating heavily, profusely, etc 流很多汗、 出大汗 * The long climb made us sweat. 我们攀登了很长距离, 已大汗淋漓了. 2 [I] (fig infml 比喻, 口) be in a state of great anxiety 处於焦急万分的状态: They all want to know my decision but I think I'll let them sweat a little, ie by not telling them yet. 他们全都想知道我做出的决定, 但我想先让他们 一阵子急（先不告诉他们）.

sweat1
3 [I, Ipr] ~ (over sth) work hard 辛苦工作: I really sweated over my last essay. 我写上一篇文章可费了劲了. 4 [Tn] (Brit) heat (meat, vegetables, etc) in a pan with fat or water, in order to extract the juices 将（肉、 蔬菜等）加热（熬出汁液）. 5 (idm 习语) slog/sweat one's guts out => gut. sweat `blood (infml 口) (a) work very hard 拼命工作. (b) be very afraid or worried 极害怕或担心: I sweated blood for a while thinking I'd broken the TV. 我想到自己弄坏了电视机, 十分 急. 6 (phr v) sweat sth off lose (weight) through strenuous exercise （通过努力锻炼）减轻（体重）: I sweated off ten pounds in a week by playing squash every day. 我每天打壁球, 一个星期体重减轻了十磅. sweat sth out cure (a cold, fever, etc) by sweating 用发汗的办法医治（感冒、 发烧等）. sweat it out (infml 口) wait uncomfortably for sth to happen or end 不安地等待某事物发生或结束: There was nothing more we could do, so we just had to sit and sweat it out until the result was announced. 我们无能为力, 只好不安地坐 等候宣布结果. sweaty adj (-ier, -iest) 1 covered or damp with sweat 有汗的; 汗淋淋的; 汗渍的: sweaty armpits 有汗的腋窝 * a sweaty T-shirt 汗渍的短袖汗衫 * I'm all sweaty from running. 我跑出了一身汗. 2 causing sb to sweat 使某人出汗的: sweaty work 让人出汗的工作 * a hot sweaty day 热得出汗的一天. 复合： `sweat-band n band of absorbent cloth worn round the head or wrist, for soaking up or wiping away sweat （缠在头部或手腕上用以吸收或擦汗的）汗巾. ,sweated `labour (derog 贬) (a) work done for low wages in bad conditions 劳动条件恶劣而工资低微的工作. (b) people forced to do such work 在恶劣的条件下工作的廉价劳工. `sweat-gland n organ beneath the skin that produces sweat 汗腺. `sweat-shirt n long-sleeved cotton sweater 长袖棉毛衫. `sweat-shop n (derog 贬) place where people are forced to work for low wages in bad conditions 血汗工厂（工作条件恶劣而工资低的）.

sweater
[5swetE(r); 5swetl] n = jersey 1.

swede
[swi:d; swid] (US also rutabaga) n [C, U] type of large yellow turnip 芜菁甘蓝. =>illus at turnip 见turnip插图.

sweep
1[swi:p; swip] v (pt, pp swept/swept; swept] ) 1 (a) [I, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (from, off, into, etc sth); ~ sth (away, up, etc) remove (dust, dirt, etc) with or as if with a broom or brush 扫, 掸, 打扫（灰尘、 污垢等）: * Have you swept in here? 这里你打扫过了吗? * sweep the dust from the carpets 清扫地毯上的灰尘 * sweep the crumbs under the carpet, off the table, into the dustpan 清扫地毯下面的碎屑、 抹去桌子上面的面包屑、 把碎屑扫入簸箕里 * sweep away bits of paper 把碎纸片扫掉 * sweep the dead leaves up 扫除枯叶. (b) [Tn, Tn.p, Cn.a] ~ sth (out) clean sth by doing this 扫、 掸或打扫某物: * sweep the carpet, floor, yard 打扫地毯、 地板、 院子 * sweep out the porch 把门廊打扫乾净 * sweep the chimney (free of soot) 打扫烟囱（的煤炱） * Have the stairs been swept clean? 楼梯打扫乾净了吗? 2 [Tn.pr,Tn.p] move or remove (sb/sth) powerfully and unstoppablyby pushing, flowing, etc 藉推力、 流动力等强劲而不停地带动或移走（某人[某物]）: * The current swept the logs down the river. 水流冲着原木沿河而下. * We were almost swept off our feet by the waves. 我们几乎让浪头给打倒了. * She got swept along by the crowd. 她被人群拥着向前走. * Many bridges were swept away by the floods. 洪水冲毁了许多桥梁. * (fig 比喻) Old laws were swept away by the revolution. 这场革命彻底摧毁了旧的法制. 3 [Ipr, Ip, Tn] move quickly over (an area) 扫过, 掠过（某地方）: * A huge wave swept over the deck. 一个巨浪掠过甲板. * The fire swept rapidly across the wooded countryside. 这场大火迅速烧遍树木茂密的郊野. * Rumours swept through the town. 城里谣言四起. * Cold winds swept the plains. 寒风掠过平原. * (fig 比喻) The party swept the country, ie won the election by a large majority. 该党在全国的选举中大获全胜. 4 [Ipr, Ip] move in a smooth or dignified way (in the direction specified) 平稳地或庄重地（向某方向）移动:

sweep1
* She swept out of the room. 她大模大样地走出了房间. * The big car swept up the drive to the front of the house. 那辆大轿车稳稳地顺着车道驶到房子前面. 5 [Ipr, Ip] extend in an unbroken line, curve or slope (in the direction specified) 延伸; 蜿蜒; 伸展; 绵延: * The road sweeps round the lake. 这条路环绕着湖往前蜿蜒. * The coast sweeps (away) northwards in a wide curve. 海岸呈一大弧形向北伸展. 6 [Tn] pass over (sth) in order to examine, search or survey it 扫视, 搜索（某物）: * The searchlights swept the sky. 探照灯搜寻着天空. * Her eyes swept the room. 她的眼睛扫视了一下那个房间. 7 [Tn] move over or along (sth) touching it lightly 轻轻擦过、 掠过（某物）: * His fingers swept the keys of the piano. 他的手指在钢琴键盘上轻快地移动. * Her dress swept the ground. 她的连衣裙在地面上拖曳着. 8 (idm 习语) sweep sth under the `carpet hide sth which might cause trouble or a scandal 掩盖某事（以免造成麻烦或丑闻）: * sweep embarrassing evidence under the carpet 把令人难堪的证据掩盖起来. sweep the `board win all the prizes, money, games, etc 赢得所有的奖品、 金钱、 比赛等: * Switzerland swept the board in the skiing competition. 瑞士在滑雪比赛中囊括了所有的奖项. sweep sb off his feet overwhelm sb with emotion, esp with love 使某人倾心（尤指因爱情）: * I was swept off my feet by her wit and charm. 她才貌双全, 我佩服得五体投地. 派生： sweeper n 1 (a) person who sweeps 清扫者; 清洁工: a pavement sweeper 打扫人行道的清洁工人. (b) thing that sweeps 清扫器: a carpet sweeper 地毯清扫器. 2 (in football) player positioned behind the defenders to tackle anyone who passes them （足球比赛的）自由中卫. sweepings n [pl] dust, rubbish, scraps, etc collected by sweeping 扫集的尘土、 垃圾、 碎屑等. 复合： ,swept-`back adj

sweep2
1 (of aircraft wings) slanting towards the rear of the aircraft （指飞机机翼）後掠形的. 2 (of hair) brushed backwards from the face （指头发）向後梳的. `swept-wing adj [attrib 作定语] (of aircraft) having swept-back wings （指飞机）有後掠形机翼的.

sweeping
[swi:piN; swipiN] adj 1 (a) having an extremely wide effect; far reaching 有广泛影响的; 深远的: * sweeping reforms, changes, etc 意义深远的改革、 改变等 * sweeping reductions in prices 大幅度的降价. (b) [usu attrib 通常作定语] complete; decisive 全面的; 决定性的: * a sweeping victory 全胜. 2 (derog 贬) (of statements, etc) without any exceptions; (too) general （指言语等）无例外的, （过於）笼统的: * make a sweeping generalization, accusation, etc 做出笼统的推论、 指责等.

sweepstake
[5swi:psteik; 5swip7stek] (also infml 口语作 sweep) n (a) type of gambling in which all the money bet on the result of a contest is divided among those who by chance have selected or been given tickets corresponding to the eventual winner(s) of the contest 赌金全赢制（胜者可获全部赌金者）. (b) horse-race on which money is bet in this way 实行赌金全赢制的赛马.

sweet
1[swi:t; swit] adj (-er, -est) 1 tasting like sugar or honey; not sour, bitter or salty 甜的; 味甘的: * sweet apples, biscuits, drinks, etc 甜的苹果、 饼乾、 饮料等 * sweet wine, ie tasting sweet or fruity, not dry 甜酒（带甜味或水果味道的） * Do you like your tea sweet? 你喝茶喜欢放糖吗? * This cake is much too sweet. 这块糕太甜了. 2 smelling fragrant or perfumed 芬芳的; 芳香的: * Don't the roses smell sweet! 这玫瑰花真香! * gardens sweet with the scent of thyme 散发着麝香草的芳香的花园. 3 pleasing to hear; melodious 悦耳的; 旋律优美的: * the sweet song of the blackbird 黑鹂的悦耳歌声 * The soprano's voice sounded clear and sweet. 那女高音歌手的嗓音响亮而动听. 4 fresh and pure; wholesome 新鲜而纯净的; 有益於健康的: * sweet milk 鲜奶 * The spring water was sweet (ie not salty, polluted, etc) to the taste. 这泉水纯净可口. * the sweet air of the countryside 郊野的清新空气. 5 giving satisfaction; gratifying 使人满意或满足的; 快意的: * the sweet feeling of freedom, success, etc 自由、 成功等的快感. 6 (a) (infml 口) attractive and charming 有吸引力的; 漂亮的; 可爱的: * a sweet face, smile, gesture 讨人喜欢的脸、 笑容、 姿势 * a sweet little poodle, baby, cottage 招人爱的卷毛狗、 幼儿、 农舍 * You look so sweet in that hat! 你戴着那顶帽子真好看! (b) having or showing a pleasant nature; lovable 和蔼的; 温和的; 温柔的; 可亲的: * a sweet child, old lady, etc 乖孩子、 和蔼可亲的老太太 * a sweet temper, nature, disposition, etc 温顺的脾气、 本性、 性情等 * It is sweet of you to have remembered us. 你还惦记着我们, 真感谢你. * such a sweet-tempered/sweet-natured girl 如此温和的[温柔的]姑娘. 7 (idm 习语) at one's ,own sweet `will; in one's ,own sweet `time; in one's ,own sweet `way just as one pleases, or taking as long as one pleases, often in spite of the orders or wishes of others 任凭自己的意愿（常指不顾他人）:

sweet1
* It's no good telling him leave him to find out in his own sweet time. 跟他说也没用--他愿意怎麽找就怎麽找吧. be sweet on sb (dated infml 旧, 口) be fond of or in love with sb 喜欢或爱上某人. have a sweet `tooth (infml 口) like to eat sweet or sugary things 爱吃甜食. keep sb sweet (infml 口) be specially pleasant with sb in order to win favours 讨好某人: * I have to keep my boss sweet because I need to ask for a rise. 我得跟老板套套近乎, 因为我惦着提升呢. revenge is sweet => revenge. short and sweet => short1. sweet `nothings (infml or joc 口或谑) words of affection exchanged by lovers 情话: * She whispered sweet nothings into his ear. 她对他悄悄地说情话. 派生： sweetish adj rather sweet 有甜味的; 惹人喜爱的. sweetly adv in a sweet(2, 6) manner 芬芳地; 可爱地; 和蔼地; 温柔地: sweetly perfumed flowers 芬芳馥郁的花朵 * singing, smiling sweetly 唱得很动听、 笑得很迷人. sweetness n 1 [U] quality of being sweet 甜; 芳香;悦耳; 新鲜; 可爱; 和蔼; 温柔. 2 (idm 习语) (all) ,sweetness and `light (ironic 反语) display of mildness and reason 温和而讲理: She's all sweetness and light provided you're doing what she wants. 只要顺着她, 她是又和蔼又讲理. 复合： ,sweet-and-`sour adj [attrib 作定语] (of food) cooked in a sauce containing sugar and either vinegar or lemon （指食物）用糖和醋（或柠檬汁）作调味汁烹制的, 糖醋的, 酸甜的: ,sweet-and-sour `pork, ie a Chinese dish 咕噜肉（糖醋猪肉）. ,sweet-`briar (also ,sweet-`brier) n [U] = eglantine. `sweet corn kind of maize with sweet grains 甜玉米. `sweetheart n 1 (dated 旧) one of a pair of lovers 恋人; 情人: They were childhood sweethearts. 他们原是青梅竹马的恋人. * Mary has a sweetheart. 玛丽有个心上人. 2 (used esp as a loving form of address, eg to a wife, husband, child, etc 尤用作爱称, 如称呼妻子、 丈 夫、 孩子等).

sweet2
,sweet `pea climbing garden plant with brightly-coloured sweet-scented flowers 香豌豆（攀缘园艺植物, 花香而艳丽）. ,sweet po`tato tropical climbing plant with thick edible roots, cooked as a vegetable 红薯, 山芋, 甘薯（指植物连同其块根）. Cf 参看 yam. `sweet talk (US infml 口) flattery 恭维的话; 甜言蜜语. `sweet-talk v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (into sth/doing sth) persuade sb by flattery, etc (to do sth) 用甜言蜜语劝诱某人（做某事）: You can't sweet-talk me into helping you! 你别想用好话哄我帮助你! ,sweet-`william n garden plant with clustered sweet-scented flowers 美国石竹（园艺植物, 花簇生, 芳香）.

sweetbread
[5swi:tbred; 5swit7bred] n pancreas of a calf or lamb used as food （供食用的小牛或小羊的）胰脏.

sweeten
[5swi:tn; 5switn] v 1 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become sweet or sweeter （使某事物）变甜或变得更甜、 芳香、 悦耳、 新鲜、 可爱、 温和等: * Fruit sweetens as it ripens. 水果成熟後就好吃了. * I never sweeten my tea. 我喝茶从来不加糖. * sweeten (the air in) a room, eg by opening a window 使房间里空气清新（如开窗）. 2 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sb (up) (infml 口) make sb more agreeable, eg by offering gifts 使某人更随和（如向其送礼）: * I'll sweeten her up a bit by inviting her to the party. 我要邀请她参加聚会好让她随和一些. 3 (idm 习语) sugar/sweeten the pill => pill. 派生： sweetener[5swi:tnE(r); 5switnl] n 1 [C, U] (piece of a) substance used to sweeten food or drink, esp as a substitute for sugar 使食物或饮料变甜的物质; （尤指）糖的代用品. 2 [C] (infml 口) attempt to persuade sb; bribe （对某人的）劝诱; 贿赂: * The firm offered her a generous bonus as a sweetener. 公司提出给她一笔可观的花红藉以拉拢她. sweetening[5swi:tniN; 5switniN] n [C, U] substance, eg sugar, used to sweeten food or drink 甜味剂（如糖）: * [attrib 作定语] sweetening agents 甜味剂.

sweetie
[5swi:ti; 5switi] n (infml 口) 1 (Brit) (used esp by and to young children 尤作儿语) sweet2(1) 糖果. 2 (esp Brit) kind or lovable person 好心人; 可爱的人: * Thanks for helping, you're a sweetie. 谢谢你的帮助, 你真是好心肠. 3 (used as a loving form of address 用作爱称) darling 亲爱的.

swell
[swel; swel] v (pt swelled/sweld; sweld] , pp swollen[5swEulEn; 5swolEn] or swelled) 1 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态, Tn.pr esp passive 尤用於被动语态, Tn.p esp passive 尤用於被动语态] ~(to sth); ~ (sth) (up) (with sth) (cause sth to) becomelarger or bulge outwards, eg because of pressure from inside （使某物）膨胀, 肿胀: * Wood often swells when wet. 木材潮湿後往往会膨胀. * My eyes swelled with tears. 我的眼睛里含着泪. * His face was swollen (up) with toothache. 他的脸因牙痛而肿了起来. * limping because of a swollen ankle 因脚腕儿发肿而一瘸一拐地走. (b) [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (out) (cause sth to) curve outwards; billow （使某物）凸出, 隆起; 鼓起: * The sails swelled (out) in the wind. 船帆在风中鼓起. * The wind swelled (out) the sails. 风把船帆刮得鼓起来了. 2 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr esp passive 尤用於被动语态] ~ (into/to sth); ~ sth (to sth) (with sth) (cause sth to) become greater in intensity, number, amount or volume （使某物）增强, 增多, 增大: * The group of onlookers soon swelled (in)to a crowd. 旁观的人很快聚集起一大群. * The murmur swelled into a roar. 窃窃私语的声音变大形成一片喧哗. * Small extra costs all swell the total. 零星的额外费用积少成多使总数增大了. * The river was swollen with flood water. 洪水到来後河水上涨了. 3 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (with sth) (of a person, his heart, etc) feel like bursting with emotion （指人、 内心等）感情迸发, 情绪高涨: * His breast/heart swelled with pride at his achievement. 他有了成绩而沾沾自喜. 4 (idm 习语) have a swelled/swollen `head (infml 口) be conceited, esp because of a sudden success 自负; （尤指因突然成功）冲昏头脑. 派生： swell n [U, sing] 1 slow heaving of the sea with waves that do not break 海面的缓慢起伏（有浪而无浪花）: feel seasick in the heavy swell 在猛烈起伏的海面上感到晕船.

swell1
2 (music 音) gradual increase in the volume of sound （音量的）逐渐增强. swell adj (US infml 口) 1 fashionable or smart 时髦的; 漂亮的: You look swell in that dress! 你穿着那件连衣裙真漂亮! 2 excellent; first-rate 极好的; 第一流的: a swell vacation, player, guy 极好的假期、 选手、 小伙子 * That's swell! 真棒!

swelling
[5sweliN; 5sweliN] n 1 [U] condition of being swollen 膨胀; 肿胀; 凸出; 鼓起; 增强; 增多; 增大; （感情的）迸发: * reduce the swelling with ice-packs 用冰袋消肿. 2 [C] abnormally swollen place on the body （身体上的）肿块: * He had a swelling on his knee. 他膝盖上有个肿块.

swelter
[5sweltE(r); 5sweltl] v [I] (infml 口) be uncomfortably hot; suffer from the heat 热得难受:lie sweltering on a beach 躺在海滩上热得难受 * a sweltering(-hot) day, summer, climate, room 闷热的一天、 夏天、 气候、 房间 * We were sweltering in our winter clothes. 我们穿着冬衣热得够呛.

swept
pt, pp of sweep1.

swerve
[swE:v; swEv] v [I, Ipr, Ip] change direction suddenly 突然转向: * The lorry swerved sharply to avoid the child. 卡车突然转向以免撞着那孩子. * The ball swerved to the left. 那球突然转向左方. * (fml fig 文, 比喻) She never swerves from her determination to succeed. 她争取胜利的决心决不动摇. 派生： swerve n swerving movement 突然的转向: a wide, dangerous, sudden swerve 大弧度的、 危险的、 突然的转向.

swift
1[swift; swift] adj (-er, -est) 1 ~ (to do sth/in doing sth) quick or rapid; prompt 快的; 迅速的; 敏捷的: * a swift reply, reaction, revenge 迅速的回答、 反应、 报复 * He was swift to condemn the violence/in condemning the violence. 他立即谴责了那种暴力行为. * (fml 文) She is swift to anger, ie She quickly becomes angry. 她爱生气. 2 (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) that can move fast 能快速移动的: * a swift runner, horse 跑得快的人、 马 * swift-flowing rivers 湍急的河流 * swift-footed greyhounds 腿快的灵豁是. > swiftly adv. swiftnessn [U].

swig
[swig; swig] v (-gg-) [Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (down) (infml 口) take a drink or drinks of (esp alcohol), usu in large gulps 喝（尤指酒）（通常指大口大口地）: * swigging beer out of a bottle 拿着瓶子大口大口地喝啤酒 * swig down a glass of rum 把一杯朗姆酒一饮而尽. 派生： swig n act of swigging; swallow 大喝; 吞咽: taking long swigs (at a bottle) of beer （对着瓶子）大喝啤酒.

swill
[swil; swil] v 1 (a) [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (out/down) (esp Brit) rinse or flush sth by pouring large amounts of water, etc into, over or through it 涮洗、 冲洗或灌洗某物: * swill down the front steps 冲洗屋前的台阶 * He swilled his mouth out with antiseptic. 他用杀菌剂漱口. (b) [Ipr, Ip] ~ around, over, through, etc (of liquid) flow or pour in the specified direction （指液体）流动, 灌注: * Beer swilled around the bottom of the barrel. 啤酒在桶底晃荡. * Muddy water swilled over the planks. 泥浆在木板上流过. 2 [Tn] (infml derog 口, 贬) drink (sth) in large quantities; guzzle 大喝（某物）; 狂饮: * swill beer, tea, etc 大喝啤酒、 茶等. 派生： swill n 1 [sing] act of swilling; rinse 涮洗; 冲洗; 灌洗; 流动; 大喝: give the bucket a swill (out) 把桶冲洗一下. 2 (also `pigswill) [U] left-over vegetable peelings, etc given to pigs as food （作猪饲料的）剩下的菜屑等; 猪食.

swim
[swim; swim] v (-mm-; pt swam/swm; swAm] , pp swum/swQm; swQm] ) 1 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip] move the body through water by using arms, legs, fins, tail, etc游水; 游泳: * Fish swim. 鱼会游水. * Let's go swimming. 咱们去游泳吧. * swim on one's back 仰泳 * When the ship sank we had to swim for it, ie save ourselves by swimming. 船沉时我们不得不游泳逃生. * swim underwater, upstream, across, ashore 潜泳、 逆水而游、 游泳横渡、 游上岸. (b) [Tn] use particular movements to do this 用某姿势游泳: * swim breast-stroke, back-stroke, crawl, etc 游蛙泳、 仰泳、 爬泳等. 2 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] cover a distance by swimming 游（一段距离）: * swim a mile, race, river 游一英里、 比赛游泳、 游过河 * swim two lengths of the pool 在游泳池中游一个来回 * swim the Channel 泅渡英吉利海峡. (b) [no passive 不用於被动语态: * Tn.pr, Tn.p] cause (an animal) to do this 使（动物）游水: * She swam her horse across (the river). 她使马游水过河. 3 (usu in the continuous tenses 通常用於进行时态) (a) [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) be flooded or overflowing (with liquid) 被淹; 溢: * Her eyes were swimming (with tears). 她泪眼汪汪. * The bathroom floor was swimming with water. 浴室的地面上都是水. (b) [Ipr] ~ in sth be covered with liquid as if floating in it 浸於液体中; 泡: * meat swimming in gravy 浸在浓汁中的肉. 4 (a) [I, Ipr] seem to be whirling 似在旋转: * The room swam before his eyes/around him. 他感觉房间好像在他眼前[在他周围]旋转. (b) [I] have a dizzy feeling 感到眩晕; 发晕: * The whisky made his head swim. 他喝了威士忌感到头晕目眩. * My brain swam at the complexity of the calculations. 这种复杂的计算搞得我头昏眼花. 5 (idm 习语) sink or swim => sink1. 派生： swim n

swim1
1 action or period of swimming 游泳: go for a swim 去游泳 * I only had two swims last year. 去年我只游泳两次. 2 (idm 习语) in/out of the `swim (infml 口) aware or involved/not aware or involved in what is going on 了解或介入[不了解或不介入]当前情况: Although I'm retired, voluntary work keeps me in the swim (of things). 我虽已退休, 但仍做些义务工作, 以便了解当前的情势. swimmer n person who swims (esp in the way specified by the adj) 游泳者（尤与修饰性形容词连用）: a strong, good, fast, etc swimmer 强壮的、 优秀的、 速度快的...游泳运动员. 复合： `swimming-bath n (esp pl 尤作复数) (Brit) indoor swimming-pool 室内游泳池. `swimming-costume (also `bathing-costume) (espBrit) (US also `bathing-suit) n one-piece garment wornfor swimming 游泳衣. `swimming-pool n artificial pool for swimming in （人工）游泳池. `swim-suit n one-piece garment worn by women and girls for swimming 女式泳装. `swimming-trunks n [pl] short pants or trousers worn by men and boys for swimming 男游泳裤: a pair of swimming-trunks 一条游泳裤.

swimmingly
[5swimiNli; 5swimiNli] adv (infml 口) pleasantlyand smoothly 顺利地: * We're getting along swimmingly. 我们进展顺利. * Everything went swimmingly, ie proceeded without difficulties. 一切都进行得很顺利.

swindle
[5swindl; 5swindl] v (infml 口) [Tn, Tn.pr] (a) ~ sb/sth (out of sth) cheat sb/sth, esp in a businesstransaction 诈骗某人[某事物]（尤指在生意中）: * swindlean insurance company 诈骗保险公司 * You're easily swindled! 你很容易上当! * I've been swindled out of 5. 我让人骗了5英镑. (b) ~ sth (out of sb/sth)get (money, etc) by fraud 诈取, 骗得（金钱等）: * She swindled 1000 out of the Social Security. 她骗得了1000英镑社会保险金. 派生： swindle n 1 act of swindling 诈骗行为: victims of a tax, mortgage, etc swindle 税款、 抵押贷款等诈骗案的受害者. 2 person or thing that is presented wrongly in order to deceive people 冒名者; 冒充货; 骗人的东西: That newspaper story's a complete swindle. 报纸上那篇报道纯粹是骗人的鬼话. swindler[5swindlE(r); 5swindll] n person who swindles 诈骗者; 骗子.

swine
[swain; swain] n 1 [pl] (arch or fml 古或文) pigs 猪. 2 [C] (infml derog 口, 贬) obnoxious person or thing 令人不快的人或事物: * Take your hands off me, you filthy swine! 把你的手放开, 别碰我, 你这个坏蛋! * Those nails were real swines to get out. 那些钉子真难拔. 3 (idm 习语) cast pearls before swine => cast1. 复合： ,swine-`fever n [U] (Brit) virus disease affecting pigs 猪瘟.

swing
1[swiN; swiN] v (pt, pp swung/swQN; swQN] ) 1 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr] (cause sb/sth to) move to and fro while hanging or supported （吊着或支着）摆动, 摇摆: * His arms swung/He swung his arms as he walked. 他走路时摆动着手臂. * The bucket swung from the end of a rope. 水桶吊在绳上来回摇汤. * The gymnast swung on the parallel bars. 体操运动员在双 上摆动身子. 2 [Ipr, Ip, Tn.pr, Tn.p] move (sb/oneself) from one place to another by gripping sth and leaping, etc 使（某人[自己]）握住某物纵身一跃等: * The ape swung (along) from branch to branch. 那只猿猴从一根树枝汤到另一根树枝上. * He swung himself (up) into the saddle/into the driver's seat. 他纵身跨上马鞍[坐到司机的座位上]. 3 [Ipr, Ip] walk or run with an easy rhythmical movement 轻快而有节奏地走或跑: * The band swung lightly down the street. 那伙人踏着轻快的步伐沿街走去. * A company of guardsmen swung past. 一队卫兵整齐地跑过去. 4 [Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p, Cn.a] (cause sth to) move in a curve （使某物）转弯, 转向: * A car swung sharply round the corner. 一辆汽车在街角急转弯. * The boom swung over (the deck). 帆杠在（甲板上）转动. * She swung the rucksack (up) onto her back. 她把帆布背包转到身後. * swing a telescope through 180 把望远镜旋转180度 * The gate (was) swung slowly to/shut. 大门慢慢地关上了. 5 [Ipr, Ip] ~ around/round turn suddenly to face the opposite way 突然转向相反方向: * She swung round (on him) angrily. 她气愤地转过身来（朝向他）. * He swung round to confront his accusers. 他突然转过身来面对着那些指控他的人. 6 [Ipr, Ip, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ (sb) (from sth) to sth (cause sb to) change suddenly from one opinion or mood, etc to another （使某人）突然改变观点或情绪等: * Voters have/Voting has swung to the left. 选民转而支持左派.

swing1
* He swings from wild optimism to total despair. 他由极其乐观一变而为完全绝望. * Can you swing them round to my point of view? 你能让他们转而支持我的观点吗? 7 [I] have a rhythmic feeling or drive 有节奏感; 有节奏的力量: * He can write music that really swings. 他能创作旋律优美的音乐作品. 8 [Tn] (infml 口) succeed in obtaining or achieving (sth), esp by devious means 获得或实现（某事物）（尤指用不当的手段）: * Can you swing it for me so that I get the job? 你能替我谋到那份工作吗? * She managed to swing an interview with the Prince. 她设法采访了亲王. 9 (idm 习语) room to swing a cat => room. ,swing into `action act swiftly 迅速采取行动: * The police swung into action against the gunmen. 警方迅速采取行动制服了持枪歹徒. swing the `lead (dated Brit infml 旧, 口) (try to) avoid work or a duty, usu by pretending to be ill （竭力）逃避工作或责任（通常指装病）. 10 (phr v) swing for sb (sl or joc 俚或谑) be executed by hanging for having killed sb 因杀某人而被绞死: * That wretched child I'll swing for him one of these days! 那个讨厌的孩子--早晚得把我逼死!

swingeing
[5swindViN; 5swindViN] adj [attrib 作定语] (esp Brit) 1 (of a blow) hard or forcible （指打击）沉重的, 有力的. 2 large in amount or number or range 巨额的; 大量的; 大范围的: * swingeing fines, taxes, costs, etc 巨额的罚款、 税款、 费用等 * swingeing cuts in public services 公用事业费用的大量削减.

swipe
[swaip; swaip] v (infml 口) 1 [Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (at) sth/sb (try to) hit sth/sb with a swinging or reckless blow 重击或猛打某物[某人]: * He swiped at the dog with his stick, but missed. 他用手杖向那条狗打去, 但没打中. * He swiped the ball into the grandstand. 他把球打到看台上去了. 2 [Tn] (esp joc 尤作戏谑语) steal (sth), esp by snatching 偷窃（某物）; （尤指）抢走: * Who's swiped my calculator? 谁把我的计算器偷走了? 派生： swipe n ~ (at sb/sth) (attempt at a) swinging or reckless blow 重击, 猛打, 猛击（的意图）: have/take a swipe at the ball 重击球 * make a sudden vicious swipe at sb 冷不防地照着某人猛击.

swirl
[swE:l; swEl] v [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn.pr esp passive 尤用於被动语态, Tn.p esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (cause air, water, etc to) move or flow with twists and turns and with varying speed （使空气、 水等）打旋, 旋动, 起旋涡: * dust swirling (around) in the streets 在街道上盘旋飞扬的尘土 * Smoke swirled up the chimney. 烟气从烟囱里袅袅上升. * The log was swirled away downstream by the current. 水流载着原木盘旋而下. 派生： swirl n ~ (of sth) 1 swirling movement; eddy 打旋; 旋动; 旋涡; 涡流: Dancers spun in a swirl of skirts. 跳舞的人旋转着, 裙子也不停地打转. 2 swirled shape or twist 旋涡状; 螺旋形: strawberries topped with a swirl of cream 浇有旋涡状奶油的草莓果.

swish
1[swiF; swiF] v 1 (a) [Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (cause sth to) swing through the air with a hissing sound （使某物）摆动或挥动出声: * Scythes swished to and fro. 长柄大镰刀嗖嗖地来回挥动. * The horse swished its tail (about). 那匹马刷刷地挥动尾巴. (b) [I, Ipr] move with or make this sound; rustle 在空中移动出声; 发出摩擦声: * We swished through the long grass. 我们穿过深草地发出沙沙的响声. * She swished across the floor in her long silk dress. 她穿着丝绸长服 作响地在房间里走过. 2 (phr v) swish sth off cut sth off by swinging a stick, etc at it 挥棍等打掉某物: * He swished off the tops of the nettles with his cane. 他用 杖抽断了 麻的顶部. 派生： swish n [sing] hissing or rustling sound 物体迅速移动的声音; 摩擦的声音: Her skirts gave a swish. 她衣服的下 发出沙沙声.

Swiss
[swis; swis] adj of Switzerland, its people or its dialects 瑞士的; 瑞士人的; 瑞士方言的. 派生： Swiss n (pl unchanged 复数不变) native of Switzerland 瑞士人. 复合： ,Swiss `roll thin flat sponge-cake spread with jam, etc and rolled up 瑞士卷（夹有果酱等的蛋糕卷）. Swiss `chard = chard.

switch
[switF; switF] n 1 (a) device for completing or breaking an electric circuit （电路的）开关, 电门, 转换器, 闸: * a light switch 灯的电门 * press the on/off switch 按开关通电[断电] * a two-way switch, eg at the top and bottom of a staircase 双路开关（如楼梯上下两端的）. (b) device at the junction of railway tracks to allow trains to go from one track to another （铁路的）道岔,转辙器. (c) (US) = points (point1 18). 2 (also `switch-over) (infml 口) (esp sudden) shift or change （尤指突然的）转变, 改变: * Polls showed a switch to Labour. 民意测验表明形势转而对工党有利. * a switch from gas to electric 由使用煤气改为使用电气 * make a switch from publishing to teaching 由出版工作改做教学工作 * a switch in method, policy, opinion 方法、 政策、 观点的改变. 3 thin flexible twig or shoot cut from a tree; tapering rod like this used for urging a horse, etc forward （从树上砍下的）细软枝条; （策马等用的）枝条状的鞭子. 4 piece of real or false hair for making a woman's hair appear thicker or longer （女用）假发. 派生： switch v 1 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (over) (to sth) (cause sth to) shift or change, esp suddenly （使某事物）转变或改变（尤指突然）: switch to modern methods 改用现代方法 * Many voters switched to Labour. 许多选举人改投工党的票. * Computers are everywhere now our firm is switching over soon. 计算机现已普及--我公司亦即将使用. * switch the conversation to a different topic 改变谈话的话题 * Could you switch the TV over? 请你改换电视频道好吗? 2 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (with sb/sth); ~ (sth) over/round (cause sb/sth to) exchange positions; change over （使某人[某事物]）交换位置; 转换: Our glasses have been switched this is mine. 咱们的玻璃杯对调了--这个是我的. * Husband and wife should switch roles (with each other) occasionally. 夫妻间应该偶尔（彼此）对调充当的角色.

switch1
* You drive first and then we'll switch round/over. 你先驾驶, 过一会儿咱们再换着开. 3 [Tn] whip or flick (a horse, etc) with a switch(3) 用鞭子等抽打（马等）. 4 [Tn.pr] move (a train, etc) onto another track 将（列车等）转入另一轨道: switch a train into a siding 把一列火车转入支线轨道. 5 (phr v) switch (sth) off disconnect (electricity, etc) 切断（电流等）: Switch off the gas, power, etc at the mains 切断煤气源、 电源等 * Don't switch (the TV) off yet. 暂时不要关掉（电视机）. switch (sb) off (infml 口) (cause sb to) become dull, bored, etc （使某人）感到乏味、 厌烦等: I switch off when he starts talking about cars. 他一谈起汽车我就厌烦. * Long lectures really switch me off. 我觉得冗长的演讲很烦人. switch (sth) on connect (electricity, etc or an appliance) 接通（电流等）; 开（用电器）: Switch on the light at the wall-socket. 把电灯接通在墙上的电源插座上. * Don't switch (the radio) on yet. 暂时不要打开（收音机）. 复合： `switch-blade n = flick-knife (flick). switchboard[5switFbC:d; 5switF7bCrd] n (staff controlling a) central panel with a set of switches for making telephone connections or operating electrical circuits 电话交换台、 总机或配电板（工作人员）: * on duty at the switchboard 在电话交换台值班 * Protesting viewers jammed the BBC switchboard. 观众抗议的电话使英国广播公司的总机应接不暇. * [attrib 作定语] switchboardoperators 交换台接线员. switched-`on adj (dated infml 旧, 口) aware of what is going on; up-to-date 了解当前情况的; 跟上时代的. `switch-man[-mEn; -mEn] n (pl -men[-mEn; -mEn] ) (US) = pointsman (point1). `switch-over n = switch 2. `switch-yard n (US) area where railway cars are switched between lines to make up trains （铁路的）编组站, 调车场.

switchback
[5switFbAk; 5switF7bAk] n 1 (esp Brit) = roller-coaster (roller). 2 zigzag railway or road for ascending or descending steep slopes （上下陡坡的）之字形铁路或公路.

swivel
[5swivl; 5swivl] n (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) link or pivot between two parts enabling one part to revolve without turning the other 转环; 转节; 旋转接头; 旋轴: * a swivel-chain, -hook 转动链、 转动钩 * a swivel-chair, ie one that rotates 转椅. 派生： swivel v (-ll-; US -l-) [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (round) (cause sth to) turn on or as if on a swivel （使某物）（似）在旋轴上转动: He swivelled (round) in his chair to face us. 他把坐着的转椅转过来面向着我们. * She swivelled the telescope (round). 她用望远镜向四周看.

swizz
[swiz; swiz] (also swizzle) n (usu sing 通常作单数) (Brit infml 口) swindle or disappointment 骗局; 失望: * You didn't get a leaving present? What a swizz! 你没有得到临别礼物吗? 真叫人失望!

swizzle
[5swizl; 5swizl] n 1 any of various types of tall frothy mixed drink, usu made with rum 有高层泡沫的混合饮料（通常混有朗姆酒）. 2 = swizz. 复合： `swizzle-stick n (a) long glass rod for stirring a swizzle(1) （调泡沫饮料用的）玻璃棒. (b) small stick for stirring or decorating cocktails （调鸡尾酒用的）搅拌棒（或作装饰用）.

swollen
pp of swell.

swoon
[swu:n; swun] v (a) [I, Ipr, Ip] (dated 旧) lose consciousness; faint 失去知觉; 昏厥; 晕倒: * She swooned into his arms for joy. 她喜极而昏倒在他的怀里. * She swooned away. 她失去了知觉. (b) [I, Ipr] ~ (over sb/sth) (fig esp joc 比喻, 尤作戏谑语) be emotionally affected (by sb/sth) （因某人[某事物]）动感情: * All the girls are swooning over the new maths teacher. 所有的女同学都迷上了那位新来的数学教师. > swoon n (dated 旧): * fall into a swoon 昏厥; 昏倒.

swoop
[swu:p; swup] v 1 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (down) (on sb/sth) come down suddenly with a rushing movement突然下降; 向下猛冲; 猛扑: * The owl swooped down on the mouse. 那只猫头鹰向着老鼠猛扑下来. * Planes swooped (low) over the ship. 飞机低飞着掠过那艘船. * (fig 比喻) Detectives swooped (on the house) at dawn. 侦缉人员於拂晓时（对那所房子）进行了突然搜查. 2 (phr v) swoop sth away/up (infml 口) seize or snatch the whole of sth in one movement 一下子抓住或抢走某物: * The robber swooped up the banknotes. 劫匪把钞票一把抢走了. 派生： swoop n 1 ~ (on sth/sb) (a) swooping movement 突降; 向下猛冲; 猛扑. (b) sudden and unexpected attack 袭击: Police made a dawn swoop. 警方於拂晓时发动了突袭. 2 (idm 习语) at one fell swoop => fell2.

swop
= swap.

sword
[sC:d; sCrd] n 1 weapon with a long thin metal blade and a protected handle （用作武器有防护手柄的）剑, 刀: * draw/sheathe one's sword, ie take it out of/put it into its sheath 把剑拔出[插入鞘中]. 2 (idm 习语) cross swords => cross2. fire and sword => fire1. the pen is mightier than the sword => pen1. put sb to the `sword (dated or rhet 旧或修辞) kill sb with a sword 用刀或剑杀死某人. a sword of `Damocles/ 5dAmEkli:z; `dAmE9kliz/ (fml 文) something unpleasant,dreadful, etc that seems to be about to happen to sb, and causes a feeling of apprehension and imminent danger 达摩克勒斯剑（比喻某人将有祸事临头）: * The possibility of losing her job hung over her like a sword of Damocles all last year. 去年她一直提心吊胆生怕失去工作. 复合： `sword-dance n dance between and over swords placed on the ground, or one in which swords are waved or clashed 剑舞（在置於地上的剑之间起舞, 或舞剑或使其铿锵作声）. `swordfish n large sea-fish with an extremely long thin pointed upper jaw 剑鱼（大海鱼, 上颌突出如剑）. `sword-play n [U] fighting with swords 剑术. `swordsman[-zmEn; -zmEn] n (pl -men) manskilled in the use of a sword 剑客; 击剑运动员: * a good, poor, etc swordsman 优秀的、 差劲的...击剑运动员. `swordsmanship[-mEnFip; -mEn7Fip] n [U]. `sword-stick n hollow walking-stick concealing a blade that can be used as a sword 二人夺（内藏刀剑的手杖）.

swore
pt of swear.

sworn
1 pp of swear.

swot
[swCt; swat] v (-tt-) [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn.p] ~ (up) (for/on sth); ~ sth up (Brit infml often derog 口, 常作贬义) study sth very hard, esp in preparation for an exam 刻苦学习某事物（尤指为准备考试）: * swotting for her exams （她）为考试而用功 * I'm swotting up my maths/swotting up on my history. 我正在用功温习数学[历史]. 派生： swot (also swotter) n person who swots 刻苦学习的人（尤指为准备考试）.

swum
pp of swim.

swung
pt, pp of swing.

sybarite
[5sibErait; 5sibE7rait] n (fml usu derog 文, 通常作贬义) person who is very fond of luxury and comfort 好享受图安逸的人. 派生： sybaritic[7sibE'ritik; 7sibE'ritik] adj (fml usu derog 文, 通常作贬义) typical of a sybarite 好享受图安逸的; 穷奢极欲的: * sybaritic tastes, pleasures 骄奢淫逸的爱好、 乐趣.

sycamore
[5sikEmC:(r); 5sikE7mCr] n 1 [C] (a) (esp Brit) large tree of the maple family 西克莫（一种大树）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page i. (b) (esp US) type of plane tree 悬铃木. 2 [U] valuable hard wood of the sycamore 西克莫木材（材质坚硬而贵重）: * [attrib 作定语] a sycamore desk, chair, etc 西克莫木书桌、 椅子等.

sycophant
[5sikEfnt; 5sikEfEnt] n (fml derog 文, 贬) person who tries to gain people's favour by insincerely flattering them and always agreeing with them 谄媚者; 阿谀奉承者. > sycophancy[5sikEfEnsi; 5sikEfEnsi] n [U]. sycophantic[7sikE'fntik; 7sikE'fAntik] adj: * a sycophantic smile 谄笑. sycophantically[-kli; -kli] adv.

syllable
[5silEbl; 5silEbl] n 1 any of the units into which a word may be divided, usu consisting of a vowel-sound with a consonant before or after 音节（通常由一个元音加上其前面或後面的辅音构成）: * `Arithmetic' is a word of four syllables. arithmetic一字有四个音节. 2 (idm 习语) in words of one syllable => word. 派生： syllabary[5silEbEri; - -beri; 5silE7beri] n list ofwritten or printed symbols (eg in Japanese) representingsyllables 音节符号表; （日语的）假名表. syllabic/si'lbik; si'lAbik] adj 1 of or in syllables 音节的; 分音节的; 拼音的. 2 (of a consonant) making a syllable on its own, without a vowel （指辅音）自成音节的. syllabically[-bikli; -bikli] adv. syllabify/si'lbifai; si'lAbE7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn] divide (a word or words) into syllables 将（词）划分音节. syllabification/si7lbifi'keiFn; si7lAbEfE'keFEn] n [U] (system of) dividing into syllables 音节划分（法）. -syllabled (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having the specified number of syllables 有...个音节的: a two-, three-, four-, etc syllabled word.

syllabub
(also sillabub)[5silEbQb; 5silE7bQb] n [C, U] dish of sweetened cream mixed vigorously to a froth with wine, etc 用甜奶油与葡萄酒等混合用力搅拌产生泡沫的甜食.

syllabus
[5silEbEs; 5silEbEs] n (pl ~es) list of subjects, topics, texts, etc included in a course of study 教学大纲: * `Hamlet' is on this year's English literature syllabus. 《哈姆雷特》是本学年英国文学教学大纲中规定的作品. Cf 参看 curriculum.

syllogism
[5silEdVizEm; 5silE7dVizEm] n form of reasoning in which a conclusion is drawn from two statements, eg All men must die; I am a man; therefore I must die. 叁段论法（从两个前提得出结论的推理方法, 如‘凡是人都必有一死; 我是人; 所以我必有一死.’） Cf 参看 premise2. 派生： syllogistic[7silE'dVistik; 7silE'dVistik] adj in the form of or being a syllogism 叁段论式的; 叁段论法的.

sylph
[silf; silf] n 1 (in ancient myth) one of a type of female nature spirits believed to inhabit the air （古代神话中的）气精（生活在空气中的女精灵）. 2 (fml approv 文, 褒) slender and graceful girl or woman 苗条而优雅的女子; 窈窕淑女. Cf 参看 nymph. 派生： `sylphlike adj (approv or joc 褒或谑) slender and graceful 苗条而优雅的; 窈窕的: `You're not exactly sylphlike, are you?’ she said to her fat friend. ‘你并不算苗条, 对吧?’她对她那胖胖的朋友说.

sylvan
=> silvan.

symbiosis
[7simbi'Eusis, -bai-; 7simbi'osis, -bai-] n [U] (biology 生) relationship between two species, organisms,etc that live close together and depend on each other in various ways 共生（关系）: * the symbiosis between a plant and the insect that fertilizes it 一植物与使其受精昆虫的共生关系. > symbiotic[-'Ctik; -'atik] adj.

symbol
[5simbl; 5simbl] n 1 ~ (of sth) image, object, etc that suggests or refers to sth else; emblem 象徵; 标志: * The cross is the symbol of Christianity. 十字架是基督教的标志. * The lion is the symbol of courage. 狮子是勇武的象徵. 2 ~ (for sth) mark or sign with a particular meaning, eg plus and minus signs in mathematics, punctuation marks, musical notation, etc 符号, 记号（如数学中的加减号、 标点符号、 乐谱等）: * On maps, a cross is the symbol for a church. 在地图上, 十字符号代表教堂. * Au is the chemical symbol for gold. ‘Au’是金的化学元素符号. * algebraic signs and symbols 代数符号. 派生： symbolic/sim'bClik; sim'balik] , symbolical[-kl; -kl] adjs ~ (of sth) of, using or used as a symbol 符号的; 使用符号的; 用作符号的; 象徵（性）的: * The cross is symbolic of Christianity. 十字架是基督教的象徵. * The power of the monarchy in Britain today is more symbolical than real. 今日英国君主的权力多为象徵性的, 无甚实际意义. symbolically[-kli; -kli] adv. symbolism[5simbElizEm; 5simbl7izEm] n [U] use of symbols to represent things, esp in art and literature; the symbols thus used 符号的使用; （尤指文艺中的）象徵主义, 象徵手法: * poetry full of religious symbolism 用大量象徵手法表现宗教色彩的诗篇. symbolist[5simbElist; 5simbElist] n artist, writer, etc who habitually uses symbols 象徵主义者; 象徵主义的艺术家、 作家等. symbolize, -ise[5simbElaiz; 5simbl7aiz] v 1 [Tn] be a symbol of (sth) 作为（某事物）的符号或标志; 象徵（某事物）: * a picture of a red disc with rays coming from it, symbolizing the sun 画着一个光芒四射的红色圆盘以代表太阳的一幅画. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.n/a] ~ sth/sb (with/as sth) represent sth/sb by means of a symbol 用符号代表某事物[某人]: * The poet has symbolized his lover with a flower. 那诗人用花象徵他的爱人.

symmetry
[5simEtri; 5simitri] n [U] 1 exact match in size and shape between the two halves of sth 对称: * the perfect symmetry of the building 这座建 物完美的对称格局. 2 pleasingly regular way in which parts are arranged 匀称: * the symmetry of her features 她的五官端正. 派生： symmetric/si'metrik; si'metrik] , symmetrical[-rIkl; rIkl/ adjs (of a design, etc) having two halves whichare the same in size and shape （指图案等）对称的: * The plan of the ground floor is completely symmetrical. 一楼的平面图是完全对称的. * the symmetrical arrangement of the gardens, ie one that shows symmetry 花园中对称的布局. Cf 参看 asymmetric. symmetrically[-kli; -kli] adv.

sympathetic
[7simpE'Wetik; 7simpE'Wetik] adj 1 ~ (to/towards/with sb) feeling, showing or resulting fromsympathy 同情的; 表示同情的; 出於同情的: * a sympatheticlook, smile, remark 表示同情的目光、 笑容、 言语 * feel sympathetic towards sb who is suffering 对遭到不幸的某人十分同情 * He was enormously sympathetic when my father died. 我父亲去世时他深为同情. 2 likeable 可爱的; 讨人喜欢的: * a sympathetic character, ie person 一个讨人喜欢的人 * I don't find her very sympathetic. 我觉得她不太讨人喜欢. 3 [pred 作表语] ~ (to sth/sb) showing favour or approval 表示好感或赞同: * We asked for her support in the election, but she wasn't sympathetic (to our request). 我们请求她在选举中给予支持, 但她（对我们的请求）无动於衷. > sympathetically[-klI; -klI/ adv.

sympathy
[5simpEWi; 5simpEWi] n 1 [U] ~ (for/towards sb) (capacity for) sharing the feelings of others; feeling of pity and sorrow (for sb) 同情; 同情心: * feel great sympathy for sb 对某人深为同情 * She never expressed any sympathy when I was injured. 我受伤时她从未表示过同情. * Out of sympathy for the homeless children he gave them shelter for the night. 他怀着恻隐之心, 留那些无家可归的孩子过夜. 2 sympathies [pl] feeling or expression of sorrow, approval, etc 哀悼;慰问; （感情上的）支持, 赞同: * You have my deepest sympathies on the death of your wife. 对於令夫人之去世, 谨向您表示最深切的慰问. * My sympathies are with the workers in this dispute. 在这场纠纷中, 我站在工人一方. 3 [U] ~ (between sb and sb) liking for each other produced in people who have similar opinions or tastes 志同道合; 意气相投: * A bond of sympathy developed between members of the group. 该组织成员间产生了志同道合的凝聚力. 4 (idm 习语) in sympathy (with sb/sth) showing support or approval for a cause, etc 对某事业等表示支持或赞同: * The steel workers came out in sympathy with the miners, ie went on strike to show support for them. 钢铁工人为声援矿工举行了罢工. * I'm sure she will be in sympathy with your proposal. 我确信她一定赞成你的建议. have no, some, etc sympathy with sb/sth be unable/able to share sb's views, etc 不同意[同意]某人的观点等: * He's wrong I have no sympathy with him. 他错了--我不同意他的意见. * I have some sympathy with that point of view. 我比较赞成这种看法. 派生： sympathize-ise[5simpEWaiz; 5simpE7Waiz] v [I, Ipr]~ (with sb/sth) feel or express sympathy or support 同情; 表示同情; 赞同; 支持: * I sympathize with you; I've had a similar unhappy experience myself. 我很同情你,我自己也有过类似的不幸遭遇. * We have long sympathized with the aims of the Green Party. 我们长期以来一直支持绿党保护生态环境的目标. sympathizer, -iser n person who sympathizes, esp one who supports a cause or a political party 同情者; （尤指某事业或政党的）支持者, 拥护者:

sympathy1
* Socialist sympathizers 社会主义的支持者.

symphony
[5simfEni; 5simfEni] n long complex musical composition, usu in three or four parts (movements) for a large orchestra 交响曲; 交响乐: * [attrib 作定语] a symphony orchestra, ie a large orchestra that plays symphonies, etc 交响乐团. 派生： symphonic/sim'fCnik; sim'fanik] adj of or like a symphony （似）交响乐的.

symposium
[sim'pEuziEm; sim'poziEm] n (pl -sia[-ziE;-ziE] ) 1 small conference for discussion of a particular subject （专题）讨论会, 研讨会. 2 collection of essays by several people on a particular subject, published as a book 专题论文集: * contribute to a symposium on environmental issues 为环境问题论文集撰稿.

symptom
[5simptEm; 5simptEm] n 1 change in the body that indicates an illness 症状: * the rash that is a symptom of measles 麻疹症状呈现的疹子. 2 sign of the existence of sth bad （坏事的）徵兆, 徵候: * This demonstration was a symptom of discontent among the students. 这次示威表明学生中有不满情绪. 派生： symptomatic[7simptE'mtik; 7simptE'mAtik] adj [pred 作表语] ~ (of sth) being a symptom 作为症状或徵兆: * Chest pains may be symptomatic of heart disease. 胸痛可能是心脏病的症状. * Is inflation symptomatic of economic decline? 通货膨胀是经济衰退的徵兆吗?

synagogue
[5sinEgCg; 5sinE7gCg] n building used by Jews for religious worship or teaching （犹太人进行宗教活动或学习的）会堂.

sync
(also synch)[siNk; siNk] n [U] (infml 口) =synchronization (synchronize): * The film's sound-trackis out of sync/not in sync with the picture. 这部影片的声迹与图像不同步.

synchromesh
[7siNkrEu'meF; 5siNkrE7meF] n [U] device in a vehicle's gearbox that makes the parts turn at the same speed and thus allows gears to be changed smoothly （机动车齿轮箱中的）同步齿轮系.

synchronize, synchronise
[5siNkrEnaiz; 5siNkrE7naiz] v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (with sth) (cause sth to) operate, move, turn, etc at the same time, speed, etc （使某物）以相同的时间、 速度等运转、 移动、 转动等; （使某物）同步: * The wheels must synchronize as they revolve. 这些轮子须同速转动. * The sound on a film must synchronize with the action. 影片中的声音必须与动作配合一致. * Let's synchronize our watches, ie set them to show the same time. 咱们把表校准吧. > synchronization,-isation[7siNkrEnai'zeiFn; - -ni'z-; 7siNkrEni'zeFEn] (alsoinfml 口语作 sync) n [U].

syncopate
[5siNkEpeit; 5siNkE7pet] v [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] change (the rhythm or beats) in a piece of music so that a strong beat becomes weak and a weak beat becomes strong 切分（音乐的节奏或节拍）（使强弱倒置）: * The song has a syncopated rhythm in the jazz version. 这首歌曲改编为爵士乐後采用了切分音节奏. > syncopation[7siNkE'peiFn; 7siNkE'peFEn] n [U].

syncope
[5siNkEpi; 5siNkEpi] n 1 [U, C] (medical 医) brief loss of consciousness; faint(ing) 晕厥. 2 [U] (linguistics 语言) shortening of a word by omitting one or more letters or syllables in the middle, eg `bosun' for `boatswain' 词中省音, 央字失落, 央音失落（省略词中的字母或音节, 如将boatswain略为bosun）.

syndicalism
[5sindikElizEm; 5sindikl7izEm] n [U] theory that factories, businesses, etc should be owned and managed by the workers employed in them 工团主义（主张工厂、 企业等应归其员工所有并管理）. 派生： syndicalist[-kElist; -kElist] n supporter of syndicalism 工团主义者.

syndicate
[5sindikEt; 5sindikit] n group of people or business companies combined to undertake a joint project 辛迪加（某些人或工商企业的联合组织）. 派生： syndicate[5sindikeit; 5sindi7ket] v [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] publish (an article, a strip cartoon, etc) in many different newspapers, magazines, etc by means of a central distributing agency （经报业辛迪加在多家报刊上）发表（文章、 连环漫画等）: * His column is syndicated throughout the world. 他的专栏文章通过报业辛迪加在世界许多报刊上发表. syndication[7sindi'keiFn; 7sindi'keFEn] n [U].

synod
[5sinEd; 5sinEd] n official assembly of church members to discuss and decide on matters of religious teaching, church policy and administration, etc （讨论和决定宗教教义、 教会政策及管理等问题的）会议, 大会.

synonym
[5sinEnim; 5sinE7nim] n word or phrase with the same meaning as another in the same language, though perhaps with a different style, grammar or technical use 同义词; 同义词组; 同义语: * `Slay' and `kill' are synonyms. slay和kill是同义词. 派生： synonymous/si'nCnimEs; si'nanEmEs] adj ~ (with sth) having the same meaning 同义的: * `Slay' is synonymous with `kill' (though it is more forceful and rather dated). slay与kill同义（但语气较重且较陈旧）. * (fig 比喻) Wealth is not necessarily synonymous with generosity, ie Rich people are not always generous.财富与慷慨未必同义（富人不见得都慷慨）. Cf 参看 antonym.

synopsis
[si'nCpsis; si'napsis] n (pl -opses[-si:z; -siz] ) summary or outline of a book, play, etc （书、 剧本等的）大纲, 提要. 派生： synoptic/si'nCptik; si'naptik] adj [attrib 作定语] of or forming a synopsis 提纲的; 概要的. 复合： the sy,noptic `gospels (in the Bible) the gospels of Matthew, Mark and Luke, which are very similar (whereas that of John is very different) （《圣经》中的）对观福音书（马太、 马可、 路加叁福音书）.

syntax
[5sintAks; 5sintAks] n [U] (linguistics 语言) (rules for the) arrangement of words into phrases and phrases into sentences 句法; 语句结构. 派生： syntactic/sin'tAktik; sin'tAktik] adj of syntax 句法的: * syntactic differences between English and French 英语和法语句法上的差异. syntactically[-kli; -kli] adv: * a syntactically complex written style 使用复杂语句的写作风格. Cf 参看 grammar1, morphology2.

synthesis
[5sinWEsis; 5sinWEsis] n (pl -theses[-si:z; -7siz] )1 (a) [U] combining of separate parts, elements, etc to form a complex whole 综合; 结合: * develop a new theory by the synthesis of several earlier theories 综合以前的几种学说而创立的新学说. (b) [C] what is produced in this way 综合体: * a new method that is a synthesis of the best features of the old methods 综合旧方法的长处而成的新方法 * Her novels are an odd synthesis of English reserve and Welsh emotionalism. 她的小说把英格兰人的拘谨和威尔士人的情感外露很独特地结合在一起. 2 [U] combining of substances into a compound, or the artificial production of a substance that occurs naturally in plants and animals 合成; 人造: * produce rubber from petroleum by synthesis 以合成法用石油制取橡胶 * the synthesis of insulin 胰岛素的合成. 派生： synthesize, -ise[5sinWEsaiz; 5sinWE7saiz] v [Tn] 1 make (sth) by synthesis 用合成法制造（某物）: * synthesize diamonds, rubber, fuel, etc 用合成法制造钻石、 橡胶、 燃料等. 2 combine (parts) into a whole 将（各部分）结合成一整体; 合成: * The two elements are synthesized by a chemical process. 这两种元素已经化学合成. synthesizer, -iser n electronic musical instrument producing a large number of different sounds, including imitations of other instruments （电子）音响合成器. synthetic/sin'Wetik; sin'Wetik] adj 1 made by synthesis(2); artificial 用合成法制造的; 人造的: * synthetic diamonds, rubber, etc 人造钻石、 合成橡胶. 2 [attrib 作定语] of synthesis(2) 合成的: * synthetic chemistry 合成化学. 3 (infml derog 口, 贬) not genuine or natural; false 假的; 非天然的; 虚伪的: * the salesman's synthetic friendliness 那男售货员的虚情假意 * a synthetic blonde, ie sb whose hair is dyed blonde 染成金发的人. synthetic n synthetic substance or fibre 合成物; 合成纤维: natural fibres and synthetics 天然纤维和合成纤维.

synthesis1
synthetically[-kli; -kli] adv.

syphilis
[5sifilis; 5siflis] n [U] (also the pox) infectious disease passed from one person to another by sexual contact 梅毒. 派生： syphilitic[7sifi'litik; 7sifl'itik] adj of or suffering from syphilis 梅毒的; 患梅毒的. n person affected with syphilis 梅毒患者.

syringa
[si'riNgE; sE'riNgE] n [C, U] 1 shrub with strong-scented white flowers 山梅花（灌木, 开白花, 味香）. 2 (botany 植) lilac 丁香花.

syringe
[si'rindV; 5sirindV] n 1 any of various types of device for taking liquid in and forcing it out again in a thin stream, used for spraying plants, washing wounds, etc 液体喷射器（如浇花用的喷水器、 洗伤口用的冲洗器等）: * a garden syringe 浇花用的喷水器. 2 = hypodermic syringe (hypodermic). =>illus at injection 见injection插图. 派生： syringe v [Tn] clean, spray, or inject liquid into (sth) with a syringe （用液体喷射器）冲洗, 喷 , 注射（某物）: syringe a wound, plant 冲洗伤口、 喷浇植物.

syrup
[5sirEp; 5sirEp] n [U] 1 water in which sugar is dissolved 糖浆; 糖水: * tinned peaches in (heavy) syrup 罐装（浓）糖水桃 * cough syrup, ie syrup with medicine in it to cure coughs 止咳糖浆. 2 any thick sweet liquid, eg treacle 甜而稠的汁液（如糖饴）. 派生： syrupy adj 1 of or like syrup （似）糖浆的: a drink that is too syrupy 过甜的饮料. 2 (fig derog 比喻, 贬) too sentimental; sugary (sugar1) 过於多情的; 甜得发腻的: a rather syrupy love-story 颇为感伤的爱情故事.

system
[5sistEm; 5sistEm] n 1 [C] group of things or parts working together as a whole 系统; 组合装置: * the nervous system 神经系统 * the digestive system 消化系统 * a railway system 铁路系统 * a stereo system, eg a record-deck, an amplifier, loud-speakers, etc combined 立体声音响设备 * The lifting device is a system of ropes and pulleys. 这种起重装置是由缆索和滑轮组成的. 2 [C] person's or animal's body as a whole, including its internal organs and processes （人或动物的）身体: * The poison has passed into his system. 毒物已进入他的体内. * Alcohol is bad for your system. 喝酒对身体有害. 3 [C] set of ideas, theories, principles, etc according to which sth is done （思想、 理论、 原则等的）体系, 体制, 方法, 方式: * a system of philosophy 哲学体系 * the democratic system of government 民主政体 * a good system of teaching languages 教授语言的良好方法 * a foolproof new system for winning at roulette 轮盘赌必胜新法. 4 [U] orderly way of doing things; tidy arrangement 制度; 步骤; 条理: * You'll find little system in his method of work. 他的工作方法无甚条理. * We must introduce some system into our office routine. 我们须在我们日常公务中建立一些制度. 5 the system [sing] (infml 口) the traditional methods, practices and rules existing in a society, an institution, a business, etc （某社会、 机构、 企业等中）沿袭已久的方法、 做法和规则: * You can't beat the system, ie You must conform to it. 老规矩触动不得（必须照办）. 6 (idm 习语) get sth out of one's `system (infml 口) get rid of a strong feeling or desire by expressing it openly or trying to fulfil it 宣泄强烈的感情或满足强烈的愿望: * He desperately wants to be an actor, so you'll have to give him time to get it out of his system. 他渴望当演员, 你就得容他时间让他施展自己的抱负.

system1
派生： systematic[7sistE'mAtik; 7sistE'mAtik] adj 1 done or acting according to a system or plan; methodical 有系统的; 有计画的; 有条理的: * the systematic arrangement of the chairs 按照顺序排列的座椅 * He's very systematic in all he does. 他做一切事情都很有条理. 2 [attrib 作定语] (derog 贬) planned in advance and done with malicious thoroughness and exactness 有预谋的; 蓄意的: * a systematic attempt to ruin sb's reputation 蓄谋破坏某人的名誉. systematically[-kli; -kli] adv. systematize, -ise[5sistEmEtaiz; 5sistEmE7taiz] v [Tn] arrange (sth) according to a well-organized system 使（某事物）系统化或有条理; 使（某事物）成制度或成体系: * We must try to systematize the way we do the accounts. 我们必须力求把记帐方法制度化. systematization, -isation[7sistEmEtai'zeiFn; - -ti'z-; 7sistEmEti'zeFEn] n. systemic/si'stemik, also si'sti:mik; sis'temik] adj 1 of or affecting the whole of the body 全身的; 影响全身的. 2 acting by entering the tissues of a plant and killing insects and other pests which try to feed on it 内吸收的, 内吸性的（通过渗入植物组织内以消灭以之为食的昆虫及其他有害生物的）: * systemic fungicides 内吸性杀真菌剂. systemically[-kli; -kli] adv. 复合： `systems analysis analysis of all the steps in an operation in order to decide how to perform it most efficiently, esp using a computer 系统分析（尤指用计算机）. `systems analyst expert in systems analysis 系统分析专家.

T
square

T and AVR
(also TAVR) abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Territorial and Army Volunteer Reserve 本土军暨陆军志愿後备队.

T, t
[ti:; ti] n (pl T's, t's/ti:z; tiz] ) 1 the twentieth letter of the English alphabet 英语字母表的第二十个字母: * `Committee' is spelt with two t's. *committee这个字中有两个t. 2 (idm 习语) dot one's/the i's and cross one's/the t's => dot. to a `T/`tee (infml 口) in every detail; exactly 至每一细节; 精确地; 恰到好处: * This new job suits me to a T. 这项新工作对我来说处处称心如意. 复合： `T-bone n T-shaped bone, esp one in a piece of beefsteak 丁字骨; （尤指）丁字骨牛排. `T-junction n place where one road or pipe, etc joins another but does not cross it, thus forming the shape of a T 丁字路口; （管道等的）叁通管, 丁字接头. `T-shirt (also tee-shirt) n shirt with short sleeves that has the shape of a T when spread out flat 短袖汗衫.

T-shirt
=> T, t.

ta
ta

tab
[tAb; tAb] n 1 small projecting flap or strip of cloth, metal, paper, etc, esp one by which sth can be grasped, hung, fastened or identified 小片, 小条, 小带（尤指用以抓住、 悬挂、 固定或识别某物的）: * To open, pull tab, eg on a can of beer. 拉环开罐（如啤酒罐上的字样）. * a `name-tab, ie one sewn into clothes, etc 名字标签（缝在衣物等上的）. 2 (US) bill1(1) (used esp in the expressionshown) 帐单（尤用於下列示例）: * pick up (ie pay) the tab 付款. 3 (idm 习语) keep a tab/tabs on sth/sb (infml 口) keep account of sth/sb; keep sth/sb under observation 记入某事物[某人]的帐; 监视某事物[某人]: * keep tabs on who's using the phone 记录打电话的人名.

Tabasco
[tE'bAskEu; tE'bAsko] n [U] (propr 专利名) spicy sauce made from peppers 塔巴斯哥辣沙司.

tabby
[5tAbi; 5tAbi] (also `tabby-cat) n cat with grey or brownish fur and dark stripes 斑猫.

tabernacle
[5tAbEnAkl; 5tAbl7nAkl] n 1 the tabernacle [sing] (Bible 《圣经》) the portable shrine used by the Israelites during their wanderings in the wilderness 会幕（以色列人在荒野流浪时便於移动的圣所）. 2 [C] (in the Roman Catholic Church) receptacle containing consecrated elements of the Eucharist （天主教的）圣体盘. 3 [C] place of worship used by Nonconformists (eg Baptists) or Mormons （不信奉国教派教徒, 如浸礼会教徒, 或摩门教徒的）礼拜堂, 教堂.

table
[5teibl; 5tebl] n 1 [C] piece of furniture consisting of a flat top supported on one or more legs 桌子; 台子; 几: * a `dining-table 餐桌 * a `bedside-table 床侧小几 * a `billiard-table 台球台 * lay/set the table, ie prepare it for a meal with plates, cutlery, etc 摆餐具（准备用餐）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xvi. 2 [sing] people seated at a table for a meal, etc （用餐等的）一桌人: * His jokes amused the whole table. 他讲的笑话把满桌人都逗笑了. * a table of card-players 一桌玩纸牌的人. 3 [sing] food provided at table （摆上餐桌的）食物: * He keeps a good table, ie provides good meals. 他常备佳肴. 4 [C] (also `tableland[-lAnd; -lAnd] ) large area of high level land; plateau 台地; 高地; 高原. 5 [C] list of facts or figures systematically arranged, esp in columns 一览表; 目录; 表: * a table of contents, ie a summary of what a book contains 目录 * learn one's (multiplication) tables 学会乘法表 * Do you know your six times table? 你会六的乘数表吗? * log tables 对数表. 6 (idm 习语) at `table (while) having a meal 吃饭（时）; 用餐（时）: * Children must learn to behave at table. 小孩吃饭时必须有规矩. * (fml 文) They were at table when we called. 我们去拜访时, 他们正在吃饭. drink sb under the table=> drink2. lay/put one's cards on the table => card1.the negotiating table => negotiate. on the `table (a) (Brit) offered for consideration or discussion 提交考虑或讨论: * Management have put several new proposals on the table. 主管人员已将几项新建议提交讨论. (b) (esp US) (of a proposal, etc) left for discussion until some future date （指建议等）搁置, 留待日後讨论. turn the `tables (on sb) reverse a situation so as to put oneself in a position of superiority 由劣势转为优势; 扭转形势. under the `table (of money) paid secretly, esp as a bribe （指钱）私下付的（尤指作为贿赂）. wait at table => wait1.

table d'hote
[7tAa:bl 'dEut; 5tAbl'dot] (of a restaurant meal) consisting of a limited range of dishes served at a fixed inclusive price （指餐馆饮食）定餐, 份饭: * The table d'hote menu offers good value. 定餐菜单上列出的都很实惠. Cf 参看 a la carte.

table1
派生： table v [Tn] 1 (Brit) submit (a motion or report in Parliament, etc) for discussion （在国会等）提出（动议或报告）供讨论: The Opposition have tabled several amendments to the bill. 反对党已对议案提出几项修正. 2 (esp US) leave (a proposal, etc) to be discussed at some future date 将（建议等）搁置, 留待日後讨论. 复合： `table-cloth n cloth for covering a table, esp during meals 桌布, 台布（尤指吃饭时用的）. `table-knife n knife for use while eating 餐刀. =>illus at knife 见knife插图. `table-linen n [U] table-cloths, napkins, etc 桌布、 餐巾等. `table manners proper behaviour while eating with others 进餐时的规矩. `table-mat n mat placed under a hot dish, etc to protect the table 碗盘垫. `tablespoon n 1 large spoon for serving food at table 餐匙. =>illus at spoon 见spoon插图. 2 (also `tablespoonful[-ful; -ful] ) amount held by this 一餐匙的量: * add 2 tablespoons/tablespoonfuls of flour 加2餐匙面粉. `table-talk n [U] conversation during a meal 进餐时的谈话; 席间的谈话. `table tennis = ping-pong. `table-turning n [U] movement of a table at which people are sitting during a seance, thought to be caused by some supernatural force 桌子的灵动（降神时认为超自然力所致）. `tableware n [U] plates, bowls, cutlery, etc used for meals 餐具.

tableau
[5tAblEu; 5tAblo] n (pl ~x[-lEuz; -loz] ) 1 (also tableau vivant[7tAblEu 'vi:va:n; - vi:'va:n; 7tAblo vi'van] ) (pl ~x vivants[7tblEu 'vi:va:n; - -vi:'va:n;7tAblo vi'van] ) representation of a picture or scene by a silent and motionless group of people, esp on stage （不作声不活动的）人构成的画面或场景; （尤指）舞台造型. 2 dramatic or picturesque scene 戏剧性的场面; 绚丽的场景.

tablet
[5tAblit; 5tAblit] n 1 slab or panel with words cut or written on it, esp one fixed to a wall as a memorial 碑, 牌, 匾额（尤指固定於墙上作纪念的）. 2 small measured amount of medicine compressed into a solid form; pill 药片; 药丸: * Take two of the tablets three times daily before meals. 每日叁次, 每次两片, 饭前服用. 3 small flattish bar of soap, etc （肥皂等的）块.

tabloid
[5tAblCid; 5tAblCid] n popular newspaper withpages that are half the size of those of larger newspapers小型报纸; 小报: * [attrib 作定语] the tabloid press 小报新闻界 * (often derog 常作贬义) tabloid journalism 小报业. Cf 参看 broadsheet 2.

taboo
[tE'bu:; - tA'bu:; tA'bu] n (pl ~s) 1 [C, U] (in certain cultures) ban or prohibition on sth that is regarded for religious or other reasons as not to be done, touched, used, etc （某些文化的）禁忌, 忌讳. 2 [C] (fig 比喻) general agreement not to discuss or to do sth 不涉及某事物之一致作法: * There's a taboo on smoking in this office. 在这个办公室里一向是都不吸烟的. 派生： taboo adj prohibited by a taboo 禁忌的; 忌讳的: Questions and problems that were once taboo are now discussed openly. 一度视为犯忌的许多问题现在可以公开谈论了. * Sex is no longer the taboo subject it used to be. 现在不再像过去那样把性的问题视为禁区. * Any mention of politics is taboo in his house. 在他家里一提政治就犯忌. 复合： ta`boo words words likely to be considered offensive, shocking or indecent by certain people (though not necessarily by everyone), eg those marked in this dictionary 禁忌语（某些人视为不雅的或下流的词语, 如本词典中标有者）.

tabular
[5tAbjulE(r); 5tAbjEll] adj arranged or displayedin a table(5) or list 列成表的; 表格式的: * statistics presented in tabular form 以表格表示的统计数字.

tabulate
[5tAbjuleit; 5tAbjE7let] v [Tn] arrange (facts or figures) in the form of a table(5) or list 将（事实或数字）列成表. 派生： tabulation[7tAbju'leiFn; 7tAbju'leFEn] n [U, C]. tabulator n 1 person or thing that tabulates 制表人; 制表之物; 制表机. 2 device on a typewriter for advancing to a series of set positions in tabular work （打字机的）制表键.

tachograph
[5tAkEgra:f; 5tAkE7grAf] n device in a motor vehicle which automatically records the speed of the vehicle during a journey and how far it has travelled （机动车的）里程表.

tacit
[5tAsit; 5tAsit] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] understoodwithout being put into words; implied 心照不宣的; 暗含的: * give tacit consent, agreement, etc 默许、 默契. > tacitly adv.

taciturn
[5tAsitE:n; 5tAsE7tEn] adj (in the habit of) saying very little; uncommunicative 沉默寡言的; 不爱说话的. > taciturnity[7tAsi'tE:nEti; 7tAsE'tEnEti] n [U].

tack
[tAk; tAk] n 1 [C] small nail with a broad head 平头钉; 大头钉: * a `carpet tack, ie one used for securing a carpet to the floor 地毯钉 * a `tin-tack 镀锡平头钉.2 [C] long loose stitch used in fastening pieces of cloth together loosely or temporarily ; 假缝; 粗缝: * tailor's tacks, ie ones used to mark the place for a seam, etc 线. 3 [C] (nautical 海) (of sailing vessels) oblique course sailed with the wind blowing towards one side of the ship （指帆船）抢风航程: * on the right/wrong tack 航向正确[错误] * on the port/starboard tack, ie with the wind on the port/starboard side 左舷[右舷]抢风.4 [U, sing] (fig 比喻) course of action; policy 方针; 政策: * It would be unwise to change tack now. 现在改变方针是不明智的. * try a different tack 试行不同的政策 * be on the right/wrong tack 实行正确的[错误的]方针.5 (idm 习语) get down to brass tacks => brass. 派生： tack v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] nail (sth) with a tack(1) or tacks 用平头钉钉住（某物）: tack down the carpet 用平头钉钉住地毯. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] stitch (sth) with tacks (tack 2) 上, 住（某物）: tack a ribbon onto a hat 在帽子上 一条饰带 * tack (up) the hem of a dress 上连衣裙的边 * tack down a fold 住衣褶 * a tacking stitch 的针脚. 3 (nautical 海) [I, Ipr, Ip] move from one tack(3) to another; sail a zigzag course in this way 抢风航行; 作Z字形航行: tack to port/starboard左舷[右舷]抢风航行 * tacking about 作Z字形航行.4 (phr v) tack sth on(to sth) (infml 口) add sth as an extra item 附加或增添某事物: a cover charge tacked onto the bill 帐单上的服务费.

tackle
[5tAkl; 5tAkl] n 1 [U] set of ropes and pulleys for working a ship's sails or for lifting weights （操纵船帆或吊起重物用的）滑车, 滑轮, 滑轮组. 2 [U] equipment for a task or sport 用具; 器械: * `fishing-tackle 鱼具.3 [C] act of tackling in or as in football, etc （如橄榄球等中的）擒抱, 擒拿: * The policeman brought the thief to the ground with a flying tackle. 警察飞身上前把盗贼扑倒在地上. 派生： tackle v 1 [Tn] deal with or overcome (an awkward problem, a difficult piece of work, etc) 应付, 对付, 处理（棘手的问题、 困难的工作等）: It's time to tackle my homework. 现在该对付我的家庭作业了. * tackle a problem head-on, ie boldly and vigorously 迎向困难着手解决. 2 [Tn.pr] ~ sb about/over sth speak to sb about (an awkward matter) 向某人提起（尴尬之事）: When are you going to tackle your brother about that money he owes me? 你打算什麽时候跟你兄弟提他欠我钱的事? 3 [I, Tn] (a) (in football, hockey, etc) try to take the ball from (an opponent) by intercepting it （足球、 曲棍球等）拦截（对方）抢球, 抢截: no good at tackling 不善於抢球 * He was tackled just outside the penalty area. 他恰在罚球区外让对方把球截过去了. (b) (in Rugby football) seize and stop (an opponent holding the ball) （橄榄球）擒抱（对方持球队员）. tackler/ 5tAklE(r); `tAklL/ n player who tackles 抢球的队员; 擒抱的队员: renowned as a fearless tackler 以勇於拚抢而着名的队员.

tacky
[5tAki; 5tAki] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 (of paint, glue, etc) slightly sticky; not quite dry （指油漆、 胶水等）发黏的, 未乾透的: * still tacky to the touch 摸着还有些黏.2 (infml 口 esp US) in poor taste; shabby or gaudy 俗气的; 破旧的; 花哨的. > tackiness n [U].

tact
[tAkt; tAkt] n [U] skill at not offending people or at gaining goodwill by saying or doing the right thing 言行得体不得罪人或能赢得好感的技巧: * She showed great tact in dealing with a tricky situation. 她处理棘手的局面表现得十分老练. * You need a lot of tact to be an air hostess. 当空中小姐言行需十分得体. 派生： tactful[-fl; -fEl] adj having or showing tact 言行得体的; 不得罪人的; 能赢得好感的. tactfully[-fEli; -fEli] adv. tactless adj lacking tact 言行不得体的; 得罪人的. tactlessly adv. tactlessness n [U].

tactic
[5tAktik; 5tAktik] n 1 means of achieving sth; expedient 手段; 策略: * a brilliant tactic 高招. 2 tactics (a) [sing or pl v] art of placing or moving fighting forces in a battle 战术; 兵法. (b) [pl] (fig 比喻) procedure adopted in order to achieve sth 方法; 策略: * use surprise tactics 采取出人意料的作法 * These tactics are unlikelyto help you. 这种方法对你未必有用. Cf 参看 strategy1. 派生： tactical[-kl; -kl] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语]1 of tactics 战术上的; 兵法上的; 策略上的: * a tactical advantage, error 战术上的优势、 错误. 2 planning or planned skilfully 善於筹画的: * a tactical move 有谋略的一步 * tactical voting, ie voting not for the candidate or party one prefers but for another that is more likely to defeat the candidate, etc one wishes to be defeated 策略投票（不投心目中的候选人或党派的票, 而投可击败某候选人等的票）. 3 (of weapons, bombing, etc) used or carried out against enemy forces at short range （指武器、 炸弹等）用於攻击近距离敌人的, 短程的, 战术的:tactical missiles 战术导弹. Cf 参看 strategic. tactically[-klI; -klI/ adv: * vote tactically 策略性投票. tactician/tAk'tiFn; tAk'tiFEn] n expert in tactics 战术家; 兵法家.

tactile
[5tAktail; - -tEl; 5tAktl] adj (fml 文) of or using the sense of touch （用）触觉的: * a tactile reflex 触觉反射 * tactile organs 触觉器官.

tad
[tAd; tAd] n (US infml 口) 1 small child, esp a young boy 小孩; （尤指）小男孩. 2 small bit 少量; 一点儿: * just a tad more milk 只再加一点儿牛奶.

tadpole
[5tAdpEul; 5tAd7pol] n form of a frog or toad at the stage when it lives under water and has gills and a tail 蝌蚪.

taffeta
[5tAfitE; 5tAfitE] n [U] shiny silk-like dress fabric 塔夫绸.

taffrail
[5tAfreil; 5tAf7rel] n rail round the stern of a ship or boat 船尾栏杆.

Taffy
[5tAfi; 5tAfi] n (infml derog 口, 贬) Welshman 威尔士人.

tag
[tAg; tAg] n 1 [C] metal or plastic point at the end of a shoe-lace, etc （鞋带等末端的）金属或塑料包头. 2 [C] label fastened to or stuck into sth to identify it, show its price, etc 标签: * put a `name-tag on it 附上名字标签. 3 [C] any loose or ragged end or projection 任何松散不整的末端或突出物. 4 [C] (linguistics 语言) word or phrase that is added to a sentence to give emphasis, eg that is in That's nice, that is （为加强语气而附於句尾的）附加词语（如That's nice, that is一句中的that is）: * [attrib 作定语] a tag question, ie a tag in the form of a question, eg isn't it?, won't you?, aren't they? 附加疑问句（由附加在陈述句或祈使句後的简短的疑问句成分（如isn' t it?或won' t you?或aren' t they?等）构成的疑问句） 5 [C] phrase, saying or quotation that is often used tailtake （常用的）短语, 格言, 引语, 套语: * Latin tags 常用的拉丁文短语. 6 (also tig) [U] game in which one child chases the others and tries to touch one of them （儿童的）捉人游戏. 派生： tag v (-gg-) 1 [Tn] label (sth) with a tag 给（某物）附上标签. 2 (phr v) tag along (after/behind/with sb) follow closely 尾随; 紧随: children tagging along behind their mother 紧跟在母亲後面的孩子 * If you're going to the cinema, do you mind if I tag along (with you)? 你要是去看电影, 我也（跟你）一起去行吗? tag sth on (to sth) add sth as an extra item; attach sth 附加某事物; 系某物於: a postscript tagged on (to her letter) at the end 加在（她的信）末尾的附言. 复合： `tag day (US) = flag day (flag).

tail
[teil; tel] n 1 [C] movable part at the end of the body of a bird, an animal, a fish or a reptile 尾; 尾巴: * Dogs wag their tails when they are pleased. 狗一高兴就摇尾巴. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page iii. 2 [C] thing like a tail in its shape or position 尾状物; 似尾的部位; 尾部: * the tail of a comet, a kite, an aircraft, a procession 彗星、 风筝、 飞机、 行列的尾部. 3 [C] (dated infml 旧, 口) buttocks 屁股: * give sb a smack on the tail 打某人屁股一下. 4 [C] (infml 口) person following or watching sb (usu without being seen by him) 尾巴（跟踪者）: * put a tail on sb, ie tell sb to follow him 给某人安个尾巴（派某人跟踪他）. 5 tails [pl] (also `tailcoat [C]) man's long coat, divided and tapered at the back, worn as part of formal dress at weddings, etc 燕尾服. Cf 参看 morning coat (morning). 6 tails [sing v] side of a coin without the head of a person on it, turned upwards after being tossed 文面（硬币没有人头像的一面）. Cf 参看 heads (head1 5). 7 (idm 习语) have, etc one's tail betweenone's `legs (infml 口) be humiliated, dejected or defeated 夹着尾巴; 垂头丧气; 遭到失败. heads I win, tails you lose => head1. heads or tails? => head1. make head or tail of sth => head1. on sb's `tail following sb closely 紧跟某人. a sting in the tail => sting1. the tail wagging the `dog situation in which a minor part of sth is controlling or determining the course of the whole 尾巴摇狗（次要部分支配或决定全局）. turn `tail run away from a fight, etc （从冲突等场合中）逃走, 逃跑: * As soon as they saw us coming they turned tail and ran. 他们一看见我们来了, 掉头就跑. 派生： tail v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] follow (sb) closely, esp to watch where he goes and what he does 跟踪（某人）; 钉（某人）的梢: He tailed the spy to his hotel. 他跟踪那间谍到他住的旅馆.

tail1
2 [Tn] remove the stalks of (fruit, etc) 除去（水果等）的柄、 梗、 蒂或把儿: top and tail gooseberries 掐掉醋栗的尖儿和把儿. 3 (phr v) tail away; tail off (a) become smaller, fewer, weaker, etc 变小; 变少; 变弱: The number of tourists starts to tail off in October. 游客在十月份开始见少. * The actor's voice tailed away as he forgot his lines. 那演员忘了台词, 说话的声音越来越小了. (b) (of remarks, etc) end inconclusively （指言语等）不了了之: His feeble excuses soon tailed off (into silence). 他的藉口站不住脚, 很快就没词儿了（不作声了）. (c) fall behind in a straggling line 散落在後面. -tailed (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having a tail of the specified type 有某种尾巴的: `long-tailed * `curly-tailed. tailless adj having no tail 无尾的: a tailless species 无尾种类. 复合： `tailback n long line of traffic extending back from an obstruction （车辆因受阻而排成的）长队. `tail-board n = tail-gate. `tailcoat n [C] = tails (tail 5). ,tail-`end n (usu sing 通常作单数) ~ (of sth) very last part 後部; 末尾; 末端: the tail-end of the concert 音乐会的结尾 * I only heard the tail-end of their conversation. 我只听到了他们谈话的末尾. `tail-gate n door or flap at the back of a motor vehicle, used for loading or unloading （机动车的）尾门, 後拦板. v [I, Tn] (US) drive too closely behind (another vehicle) 紧随（另一车辆）行驶; 尾随. `tail-light (US `tail-lamp) n red light at the back of a motor vehicle, bicycle, train, etc （机动车、 自行车、 火车等的）尾灯. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xii. `tailpiece n 1 (in a book, etc) decoration printed in the blank space at the end of a chapter, etc （印在书等章节後之空白处的）补白图案. 2 part added to the end of sth to lengthen or complete it 附加部分; 续补部分. `tailpipe n exhaust-pipe of a motor vehicle （机动车的）排气管.

tail2
`tailplane n horizontal part or surface of the tail of an aircraft （飞机的）横尾翼, 水平安定面. `tail-spin n spiral dive of an aircraft in which the tail makes wider circles than the front （飞机的）尾旋, 尾螺旋. `tail wind wind blowing from behind a travelling vehicle, aircraft, etc 顺风. Cf 参看 head wind (head1).

tailor
[5teilE(r); 5tell] n maker of men's clothes, esp one who makes coats, jackets, etc for individual customers （男装）裁缝, 成衣匠（尤指缝制定做的外衣者）: * go to the tailor to be measured for a suit 到裁缝店定做西装. 派生： tailor v 1 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] make (clothes) 做, 缝（衣服）: a well-tailored coat 做工考究的大衣. 2 [Tn.pr esp passive 尤用於被动语态] ~ sth for/to sb/sth make or adapt sth for a special purpose （为某目的）做某事物或适应某事物: homes tailored to the needs of the elderly 专为老人建立的养老院. 复合： ,tailor-`made adj 1 made by a tailor （衣物等）定做的: a ,tailor-made `suit 定做的西装. 2 [esp pred 尤作表语] ~ (for sb/sth) (fig 比喻) perfectly suited 完全适合; 十分合适: He seems tailor-made for the job. 他好像是专门做这项工作的材料.

taint
[teint; tent] n [C, U] trace of some bad quality or decay or infection （坏的、 腐败的或感染的）迹象, 痕迹, 因素: * a taint of insanity in the family 家族中有精神病遗传素质 * meat free from taint 新鲜的肉. 派生： taint v [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) affect sth with a taint （坏的因素）影响某事物: tainted meat 腐肉 * His reputation was tainted by the scandal. 那一丑闻玷污了他的名声. taintless adj without taint; pure 无污点的; 纯洁的.

take
1[teik; tek] v (pt took/tuk; tuk] , pp taken[5teikEn;'tekEn] ) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p, Cn.g, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~sb/sth (with one); ~ sth (to sb) carry sb/sth or accompany sb from one place to another 携带、 运载或伴随某人[某物]: * Don't forget to take your umbrella (with you) when you go. 你走时别忘了带伞. * It's your turn to take the dog for a walk. 轮到你去遛狗了. * She takes her children to school by car. 她用汽车送孩子上学. * (fig 比喻) Her energy and talent took her to the top of her profession. 她精力充沛、 天禀聪颖, 成就了她在事业上达到卓尔不群的顶峰. * The accused was taken away in a police van. 被告已用警车带走. * I'm taking the children swimming/for a swim later. 我要带孩子去游泳. * She took him some flowers when she went to see him in hospital. 她带着花去医院探望他. * Take this glass of water (up) to your father/Take your father (up) this glass of water. 把这杯水给你父亲送去. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] get or lay hold of (sb/sth) with the hands, arms, etc or with an instrument （以手、 臂等或工具）拿, 握, 抱, 夹: * I passed him the rope and he took it. 我递给他绳子, 他接住了. * take sb's hand/take sb by the hand 握住某人的手 * Would you mind taking (ie holding) the baby for a moment? 你给抱一会儿孩子行吗? * Take three eggs and beat them gently. 拿叁个鸡蛋, 轻轻打匀. * She took a cigarette from the packet. 她从烟盒里拿出一枝烟. * He took her in his arms and kissed her. 他拥抱着她亲吻. * He took a book (down) from the top shelf. 他从最上面的架子上拿（下）了一本书. * She opened the drawer and took out a pair of socks. 她拉开抽屉, 拿出一双短袜.3 (a) [Tn] remove (sth) from its proper place without permission or by mistake 擅自取走, 错拿, 偷窃（某物）: * Someone has taken my gloves. 有人把我的手套拿走了.

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* Who's taken my bicycle? 谁把我的自行车骑走了? * Did the burglars take (ie steal) anything of value? 贼偷走什麽值钱的东西没有? (b) [Tn.pr] ~ sth from sth (not usu in the continuous tenses 通常不用於进行时态) remove or obtain sth from (a particular place or source) （从某处）拿去或得到某物: * Part of her article is taken (straight) from my book on the subject. 她文章中的一部分是从我写的同一内容的书中（直接）搬来的. * Today's lesson is taken from the St Mark's Gospel. 今日的经文选自《马可福音》. * The machine takes its name from its inventor. 这机器的名字来自其发明者. (c) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) (not in the continuous tenses 不用於进行时 态) subtract (a number) from another one （从一数中）减去（另一数）: * If you take five from twelve, you're left with seven. 十二减去五得七. 4 [Tn, Cn.n] (not usu in the continuous tenses 通常不用於进行时态) gain possession of (sth); capture or win (sth) 占有（某物）; 夺得或赢得（某物）: * take a fortress, garrison, town, etc, ie in a war 占领堡垒、 要塞、 城镇等 * The army took many prisoners. 军队抓了很多俘虏. * He took my bishop with his queen, ie in a game of chess. 他用后吃了我的象（下国际象棋）. * Our bull took first prize at the agricultural show. 我们的公牛在农业展览会上夺得头奖. * The enemy took him prisoner/He was taken prisoner by the enemy. 敌人把他俘虏了[他被敌人俘虏]. 5 [Tn] (not usu in the continuous tenses 通常不用於进行时态) accept or receive (sth) 接受、 领受或收到（某物）: * I'd like you to take this bracelet as a gift. 我希望你把这手镯礼物收下. * He took the blow (ie The blow hit him) on the chest. 他胸部挨了一击. * Will you take 2000 for the car (ie sell it for 2000)? 你这辆汽车卖2000英镑行吗? * The shop took (ie sold goods worth a total of)50000 last week. 这商店上星期做了50000英镑的生意.

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* She was accused of taking bribes. 她被控受贿. * Does the hotel take traveller's cheques? 这旅馆收旅行支票吗? * I'll take the (telephone) call in my office. 我想在我的办公室里接这个电话. * Why should I take the blame for somebody else's mistakes? 我为什麽要代人受过? * If you take my advice, you'll have nothing more to do with him. 你若接受我的劝告, 就不要再跟他来往了. * I take your point (ie accept the validity of your argument), but my views on the matter remain the same. 我认为你说的有道理, 但我对此事的看法仍然不变. * The workers would never agree to take a cut in wages. 工人们绝不会同意削减工资. 6 [Tn] (not usu in the continuous tenses 通常不用於进行时态) accept (sb) as a client, patient, tenant, etc 接纳或接受（某人）为委托人、 病人、 房客等: * She takes paying guests. 她招房客. * Dr Brown takes some private patients. 布朗医生也接纳些私人病人. * The school doesn't take girls, ie only has boys as pupils. 该校不收女生. 7 [Tn] (not in the continuous tenses 不用於进行时态) have enough space for (sb/sth); hold or contain 容下（某人[某物]）; 盛; 装; 容纳: * This bus takes 60 passengers. 这公共汽车能容下60位乘客. * The tank takes 12 gallons. 这罐能盛12加仑. * I don't think the shelf will take any more books. 我看这架子摆不下更多的书了. 8 [Tn] (not usu in the continuous tenses 通常不用於进行时态) be able to endure (sth); bear 能忍受（某事）; 承受; 受得了: * She can't take criticism/being criticized. 她受不了批评. * He can take a joke, ie does not mind being laughed at. 他禁得起开玩笑（受取笑而不恼）. * I don't think I can take much more of your nagging. 我再也受不了你的唠叨了. * I'm not taking any more of your insults! 我再也不能忍受你的侮辱了! * I find his political views a little hard to take. 我认为他的政治观点有点儿难以接受.

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9 [Tn] (usu followed by an adv or used in questions after how 通常用於副词前或用於how之後的疑问句中) react to (sb/sth) in the specified way （以某方式）对待（某人[某事]）; 应付: * She knows how to take him/his teasing. 她知道怎样回敬他的取笑. * `How did he take the news of her death?’ `He took it badly', ie He was very upset by it. ‘他对她的死讯反应如何?’‘他万分悲痛.’ * Police are taking the terrorists' threats of a bombing campaign very seriously indeed. 恐怖分子扬言要大搞爆炸, 警方正在认真对付. * You take things too seriously; try to enjoy life a bit more! 你对事情过於认真, 尽量多享受些人生乐趣吧! 10 [Cn.n/a, Cn.t] ~ sth as sth (not in the continuous tenses 不用於进行时态) understand or interpret sth in a particular way （以某种方式）理解或解释某事: * She took what he said as a compliment. 她把他的话看做是恭维话. * What did you take his comments to mean? 你明白他的评论是什麽意思吗? * How am I supposed to take that remark? 我应该怎样理解这话的意思呢? 11 [Tn.pr, Cn.t] ~ sb/sth for sb/sth (notin the continuous tenses 不用於进行时态) suppose, assume or consider sb/sth to be sb/sth 假定、 以为或认为某人[某事物]为他人[他事物]: * Even the experts took the painting for a genuine Van Gogh. 连行家都认为那幅画是凡高的真迹. * Do you take me for a fool? 你以为我是傻瓜吗? * I took you to be an honest man. 我原以为你是诚实的人. 12 [Tn] (not in the continuous tenses 不用於进行时态) understand (sth) 理解, 明白（某事）: * I don't think she took my meaning. 我想她不明白我的意思. 13 [Tn] rent (a house, etc) 租用（房屋等）: * We're taking a cottage in Devon for a month. 我们打算在德文郡租间农舍住一个月. * He took lodgings in the East End of London. 他在伦敦东区租用寄宿舍. 14 [Tn] choose or buy (sth) 挑选, 购买（某物）:

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* I'll take the grey trousers, please. 劳驾, 我买这条灰色的裤子. 15 [Tn] buy (sth, esp a newspaper) regularly 按时购买（某物）; （尤指）订（报刊）: * She takes `The Guardian'. 她订阅《卫报》. 16 [Tn] eat or drink (sth); consume 吃, 喝（某物）; 食用; 饮用; 消费: * Do you take sugar (ie in tea or coffee)? 你（往茶或咖啡里）放糖吗? * The doctor has given her some pills to take for her cough. 医生给了她一些治咳嗽的药片吃. * He takes (ie is addicted to) drugs. 他嗜毒成瘾. * Have you ever taken cocaine? 你用过可卡因吗? 17 [Tn no passive 不用於被动语态, Tg, Cn.n] (often with it 常与it连用) need or require (the specified time, quality, person or action) 需要, 要求（所示之时间、 素质、 人或行动）: * The journey from London to Oxford takes about an hour and a half. 从伦敦到牛津大约需要一个半小时. * That cut is taking a long time to heal. 那伤口要很长时间才能愈合. * It'll take time (ie a long time) for her to recover from the illness. 她的病要很长时间才能痊愈. * It takes stamina to run a marathon. 跑马拉松要有耐力. * It would take a strong man to lift that weight. 身强力壮的人才能举得起那麽重的东西. * (infml 口) She didn't take much persuading, ie She was easily persuaded. 她不用人多费口舌（她很听人劝告）. * Shifting that wardrobe must have taken some doing! 搬那个衣柜一定够费劲儿的! * It took her three hours to mend her bicycle/It took three hours for her to mend her bicycle. 她修理自行车用了叁个小时. 18 [Tn no passive 不用於被动语态] (not in the continuous tenses 不用於进行时态) wear (a particular size in shoes or clothes) 穿用（某尺码的鞋或衣物）: * What size shoes do you take? 你穿多少号的鞋? * He takes a 42-inch chest. 他穿胸围42英寸的衣服. 19 [Tn] (not in the continuous tenses 不用於进行时态) (of a verb, etc) have or require (sth) as part of a grammatical construction （指动词等）有或要求（某成分）作语法结构的一部分:

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* The verb `eat' takes a direct object. 动词eat要求有直接宾语. 20 [Tn] do (an examination, a test, etc) in order to obtain a qualification 参加（考试、 测验等）以取得资格: * She takes her finals next summer. 她明年夏天要参加毕业考试. * When are you taking your driving test? 你什麽时候参加驾驶执照考试? 21take6 /// * I usually take the M6 when I go to Scotland. 我到苏格兰去通常都取道6号高速公路. * Take (ie Turn into) the second turning/road on the right after the station. 过了车站在第二个路口向右拐. 28 [Tn] (usu followed by an adv; not in the continuous tenses 通常用於副词前, 不用於进行时态) go over or round (sth) 越过, 绕过（某物）: * The horsetaketake took the first fence beautifully. 那匹马跨越了第一道障碍, 动作十分漂亮. * You took that corner much too fast. 你拐的那个弯太快了. 29 [Tn] (not usu in the continuous tenses 通常不用於进行时态) hold or adopt (a view, an attitude, etc) 持（某种观点）; 采取（某种态度）: * He takes the view that people should be responsible for their own actions. 他的观点是人应对自己的行为负责. * The government is taking a tough line on drug abuse. 政府对滥用麻醉药品采取强硬方针. 30 [Tn] (usu imperative 通常用於祈使句) consider (sb/sth) as an example 将（某人[某事物]）作为例证; 以（某人[某事物]）为例: * A lot of women manage to bring up families and go out to work at the same time take Angela, for example. 很多女子既能料理家务同时又外出工作--譬如安杰拉, 就是个例子. 31 [Tn] (not in the continuous tenses 不用於进行时态) sit down or be seated in (a chair, etc) 坐在（椅子等）上: * take a chair, seat, stool, etc 坐在椅子、 座位、 凳子等上. 32 [Tn] make (sth) by photography; photograph (sb/sth) 摄制（某物）; 拍摄（某人[某物]）: * take a photograph/picture/snapshot of sb/sth 给某人[某物]照相[拍照/照快相] * have one's picture taken 为自己拍照. 33 [Tn] officiate at (sth); conduct 主持（某事）; 领导; 指导: * Mr Perkins will take the evening service. 珀金斯先生将主持晚礼拜. 34 [I] (esp of a drug or dye) have the desired effect （尤指药物或染料）产生预期效果:

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* The inoculation did not take. 预防接种没起作用. * The dye won't take (ie won't colour things) in cold water. 那染料在冷水中染不上色. 35 [I, Tn] (of fish) bite (the hook on a fisherman's line) （指鱼）咬（钓钩）; 上钩: * The fish don't seem to be taking today. 看起来今天鱼不上钩. * (fig 比喻) take the bait, ie be deceived by a trick 上钩（中计）. 36 [Tn] (of a man) have sexual intercourse with (a woman) （指男人）与（女人）性交: * He took her on the sofa. 他与她在沙发上交欢. 37 [Tn] (used with ns to show that the specified action is being carried out or performed 与名词连用表示开始某行动或进行某动作): * take (ie have) a break, a holiday, a rest, etc 暂停一下、 度假、 休息一下 * take (ie have) a bath, a shower, a wash, etc 洗澡、 淋浴、 梳洗一下 * take a look, a walk, a deep breath 看看、 散步、 深呼吸. 38 (idm 习语) take sb/sth as he/it `comes accept or tolerate sb/sth without wishing him/it to be different 安於或忍受某人[某事物]的现状: * She takes life as it comes. 她安於生活现状. take it (that...) assume or suppose (that...) 假定...; 假设...; 认为...: * I take it you won't be coming to Sophie's party. 我想你不会去参加索菲家的聚会. * Are we to take it that you refuse to co-operate? 我们是否可以认为你拒绝合作? take it from `me (that...) (infml 口) you can believe me absolutely (when I say...) 你可以绝对相信我（的话...）: * Take it from me he'll be managing director of this company by the time he's 30. 你就记住我这句话--他到30岁时准能当上本公司的总经理. take it on/upon oneself to do sth decide to do sth without asking for permission 擅自决定做某事: * You can't take it upon yourself to make important decisions like that. 你不能擅自做出那样的重要决定. take it/a lot `out of sb make sb physically or mentally tired 使某人疲乏或厌倦:

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* Her job takes a lot out of her. 她的工作使她疲惫不堪. take some/a lot of `doing (infml 口) be very difficult to do 难做; 难办; 费力; 费事: * Did you move all this furniture on your own? That must have taken some doing! 是你自己搬的这些家具吗? 那一定够费劲儿的! you can/can't take sb `anywhere the specified person can/cannot be trusted to behave well in any situation 某人在任何场合都能[不能]举止得当; 拿得[不]出去: * His manners are appalling you can't take him anywhere! 他没有正形--到哪儿都拿不出去! (For other idioms containing take, see entries for ns, adjs, etc 习语中有take者, 见有关名词、 形容词等词条, 如 take the biscuit => itbiscuit; take sb unawares => unawares.)

taker
[5teikE(r); 5tekl] n person who accepts an offer or takes a bet 收取者; 接受者; 同意打赌的人: * There's still some cake left any takers? ie Does anyone want some? 还剩下些蛋糕--有人想吃吗? * The bookies were offering odds of 3 to 1, but there were no takers. 赌马经纪人提出3比1的赔率, 但无人下注.

taking
[5teikiN; 5tekiN] adj (dated 旧) attractive; charming吸引人的; 迷人的. 派生： takings n [pl] amount of money that a shop, theatre, etc gets from selling goods, tickets, etc; receipts （商店、 剧场等的）营业所得, 收入: the day's takings 一日的营业额.

talc
[tAlk; tAlk] (also talcum[5tlkEm; 5tAlkEm] ) n [U] 1 smooth soft mineral that is powdered for use as a lubricant 滑石. 2 talcum powder 滑石粉; 扑粉; 爽身粉. 复合： `talcum powder talc, powdered and usu perfumed, put on the skin to make it feel smooth and dry 扑粉; 爽身粉.

tale
[teil; tel] n 1 narrative or story 故事: * `fairy tales 神话 * tales of adventure 冒险故事. 2 report spread by gossip, often false or invented 传言; 传闻; 流言蜚语: * I've heard some odd tales about her. 我听到些关於她的怪事. * You hear all sorts of tales. 各种流言蜚语满天飞. 3 (idm 习语) dead men tell no tales => dead. live, etc to tell the tale => tell. an old wives' tale => old. tell its own tale => tell. tell tales => tell. thereby hangs a tale => hang1. 复合： `talebearer, `taleteller ns person who spreads gossip or reports what is meant to be secret 爱传播流言或秘密的人.

talent
[5tAlEnt; 5tAlEnt] n 1 [C, U] ~ (for sth) (instance of) special or very great ability 特殊的能力; 才能; 才干; 天才: * Her talents are well known. 人人都知道她很有才干. * possess a remarkable talent for music 具有非凡的音乐天才 * a painter of great talent 天才的画家. 2 [U] people who have this 有才能的人; 天才; 人才: * We're always looking for new/fresh talent. 我们总是不断寻找新的天才. * an exhibition of local talent, eg of works by local amateur artists 当地人才作品展（如当地业馀艺术家的作品展） * [attrib 作定语] a television talent show, ie one featuring talented young performers 电视新秀展播. 3 [U] (sl 俚) sexually attractive people 性感的人: * eyeing up the local talent 盯着看当地的漂亮人. 4 [C] unit of money or measure of weight used in ancient times in certain countries 泰伦（古代某些国家使用的货币或重量单位）. 派生： talented adj having talent; gifted 有才能的; 有才干的; 天才的: a talented musician 天才的音乐家. talentless adj without talent; not talented 无才能的; 无才干的; 平庸的. `talent-scout n person whose job is to find talented performers for the entertainment industry, sports teams, etc 星探（为娱乐业、 运动队等寻找人才者）.

talisman
[5tAlizmEn, also 'tAlis-; 5tAlizmEn, 'tAlis-] n (pl ~ s) [C] object that is thought to bring good luck, eg a ring or locket 认为可带来好运之物（如戒指或盒式项 坠）; 辟邪物.

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1[tC:k; tCk] n 1 [C] conversation; discussion 交谈; 商谈; 谈论; 会谈: * I had a long talk with the headmaster about my son. 关於我儿子的问题我与校长谈了很长时间. * hold disarmament talks 举行裁军会谈 * The latest round of pay talks has broken down, ie failed to reach an agreement. 最近一轮的工资谈判已经破裂. 2 [U] (a) talking, esp without action or result 谈话; （尤指）空谈: * There's too much talk and not enough work being done. 说得太多而做得太少. (b) rumour or gossip 谣言; 闲话: * There's (some) talk of a general election. 谣传要进行大选. 3 [C] informal lecture or speech 非正式的演讲或讲话: * She gave a talk on her visit to China. 她就访华情况发表了非官方的讲话. 4 [U] (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) way of speaking 说话的方式: * baby-talk. 5 (idm 习语) be all `talk (and no action) make empty promises, claims, etc 说空话; 空许愿. fighting talk/words =>word. the talk of sth the main subject of conversation in (a place) （某地）谈论的主要话题; 街谈巷议的话题: * Their engagement is the talk of the town. 他们订婚的事成了镇上谈论的话题. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: 1 Talk as an uncountablenoun is a general word indicating the activity of speaking*talk作不可数名词时, 是泛指说话这一活动的词: In politics there is too much talk and not enough action. 在政治方面向来是说得多做得少. * Talk is very important in a child's development. 儿童的语言表达能力在其发育过程中是很重要的. Talk can also be a countable noun referring to a (usually) short informal speech to a smallaudience, or, when used in the plural, to formal occasionsof serious talking, often between politicians *talk还可作可数名词, （通常）指在普通场合对少数人发表的简短讲话; 而作复数时则常指政治家之间在庄重的场合中进行的严肃谈话: She gave the society an illustrated talk on her travels in India. 她在协会中借助图片讲述其印度之行.

talk1
* The two sides in the war have agreed to hold peace talks. 交战双方同意举行和谈. 2 Discussion indicates (a) talk with a serious purpose. *discussion指有重要目的之谈话. It is often a formal exchange of words in which speakers argue about and examine different aspects of a subject 这一词常指发言者就某问题的各个方面交换意见及进行辩论: The problem was solved only after several lengthy discussions. 那个问题几经长时间的讨论才得以解决. * a panel discussion on the radio on the future of the Health Service 无线电广播的展望公共医疗卫生服务的专题小组讨论会. 3 Conversation is usually social and friendly, often for the exchange of ideas or information *conversation 通常指亲切的交谈, 常以交流思想或情况为目的: Television has killed the art of conversation. 电视扼杀了交谈的艺术. * We had an interesting conversation about schools at lunch-time. 我们吃午饭时兴致勃勃地谈论各学校的情况. 4 Chat is (a) friendly talk, usually to exchange personal news, etc *chat是亲切的交谈, 通常为交流个人的情况等: I hadn't seen him for years and we had a long chat about old times. 我几年没见他了, 我们聊过去的事聊了很长时间. 5 Gossip is derogatory and refers to talk about the private lives of other people, often of a critical kind. *gossip是贬义词, 指议论他人的私生活, 常有挑剔性质. A gossip is a person who gossips *gossip是爱说闲话的人: People always gossip a lot in a small village like this. 在这样的小村子里人们总是相互说长道短. * He's a terrible gossip. 他专爱说人闲话.

tall
[tC:l; tCl] adj (-er, -est) 1 (of people or objects) of more than average height; of objects whose height is greater than their width; higher than surrounding objects （指人或物）高的; （指物）长的, 高於周围物体的: * She's taller than me. 她比我高. * a tall tree, chimney,spire, mast 高大的树、 烟囱、 塔尖、 船桅. Cf 参看 short1 1.2 of a specified height 有所示之高度的: * Tom is six feet tall. 汤姆身高六英尺. =>Usage at height用法见height. 3 (idm 习语) a tall `order (infml 口) difficult task or unreasonable request 困难的任务; 无理的要求. a tall `story (infml 口) story that is difficult to believe 荒诞不经的故事; 难以置信的事. ten feet tall =>foot1. walk tall =>walk1. > tallness n [U]. `tallboy (Brit) (US `highboy) n tall chest with drawers for clothes, etc （带抽屉的）高衣柜.

tallow
[5tAlEu; 5tAlo] n [U] animal fat used for making candles, soap, lubricants, etc （用以制造蜡烛、 肥皂、 润滑剂等的）动物脂.

tally
[5tAli; 5tAli] n 1 score; reckoning 计分; 计算: * Keep a tally of how much you spend. 把你的花费都记录下来. 2 label or ticket used for identification （用以核对的）标签, 票据. 派生： tally v (pt, pp tallied) [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) (of stories, amounts, etc) correspond; agree （指叙事、 故事、 数量等）符合, 一致: His account of the accident tallies with yours. 他对该事故的说法跟你说的一样. * The two lists do not tally. 这两张单子不相符.

Talmud
[5tAlmud; - 'ta:l-; 5tal7mud] n collection of ancient writings on Jewish law and tradition 塔木德（犹太法典）.

talon
[5tAlEn; 5tAlEn] n (usu pl 通常作复数) claw, esp of a bird of prey 爪（尤指猛禽的）.

tam
o'-shanter

tamarind
[5tAmErind; 5tAmE7rind] n (edible fruit of a) tropical tree 罗望子树（热带树木）; 罗望子果（可食）.

tamarisk
[5tAmErisk; 5tAmE7risk] n evergreen shrub with feathery branches and spikes of pink or white flowers 柽柳（常绿灌木, 枝条柔软, 穗状花呈粉红色或白色）.

tambour
[5tAmbuE(r); 5tAmbur] n 1 rolling top or front for a desk, cabinet, etc, made of narrow strips of wood glued to canvas （书桌的）滑动罩盖, （柜子的）拉门（用许多细木条粘在帆布上制成的）. 2 small circularframe for holding fabric taut while it is being embroidered（剌咳用的圆形的） 子.

tambourine
[7tAmbE'ri:n; 7tAmbE'rin] n (music 音) percussion instrument that consists of a small shallow drum with jingling metal discs set in the rim, and is played by shaking or hitting with the hand 铃鼓（四周有金属圆片, 摇动或用手拍打发声）.

tame
[teim; tem] adj (-r, -st) 1 (of animals) gentle and unafraid of human beings; not wild or fierce （指动物）驯服的, 不怕人的, 不凶猛的: * a tame monkey 驯服的猴子 * The pigeons are so tame they will sit on your shoulder. 这些鸽子不怕人能落在人的肩膀上. 2 [attrib 作定语] (joc 谑) (of people) available and willing to be told what to do; submissive （指人）听使唤的, 温顺的: * I've got a tame mechanic who keeps my car in order. 我有个随和的汽车修理工, 他把我的车保养得很好. 3 dull or unadventurous 沉闷的; 无奇的; 平淡的: * I quite enjoyed the book but found the ending rather tame. 我很爱看那本书, 只是结尾颇觉逊色. * The scenery around here is a little tame. 这周围的风景没什麽特色. * a tame attempt to reform the system 对改革体制浅尝辄止. 派生： tame v [Tn] make (sth) tame or manageable 使（某 物）驯服或顺从: tame wild birds 调教野鸟 * man's attempts to tame the elements 人类控制自然力的尝试. tameable adj that can be tamed 可驯服的. tamer n (usu in compounds 通常用以构成复合词) person who tames and trains wild animals 驯养者; 驯兽师: a `lion-tamer 驯狮者. tamely adv. tameness n [U].

tamp
[tAmp; tAmp] v (phr v) tamp sth down tap or ram sth down tightly 拍紧或捣实某物: * tamp down the tobacco in a pipe 把烟斗中的烟丝压实.

tamper
[5tAmpE(r); 5tAmpl] v [Ipr] ~ with sth meddle or interfere with sth; alter sth without authority 干预或干涉某事; 乱弄某物; 擅自改动某事物: * Someone has been tampering with the lock. 有人乱动过这把锁. * The records of the meeting had been tampered with. 会议记录已被人擅自改动. * (fig 比喻) tamper with (ie bribe) a jury 贿赂陪审团.

tampon
[5tAmpCn; 5tAmpan] n plug of cotton wool or other absorbent material inserted into a woman's vagina to absorb blood during menstruation （女子使用的）月经棉塞, 卫生栓.

tan
1[tAn; tAn] v (-nn-) 1 [Tn] convert (animal skin) into leather by treating it with tannic acid, etc 硝（皮）; 制（革）; 鞣（革）. 2 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become brown by exposure to the sun （使某物）晒成褐色, 晒黑: * My skin tans easily. 我的皮肤一晒就黑. * I want to tan my back a bit more. 我想把後背晒得再黑点儿. * You look very tanned -- have you been on holiday? 你晒得挺黑的--是度假去了吗? 3 [Tn] (infml 口) beat (sb/sth); thrash 打（某人[某物]）; 痛打. 4 (idm 习语) tan sb's `hide (infml 口) beat sb hard 痛打某人. 派生： tan n 1 [U] yellowish-brown colour 黄褐色. 2 [C] brown colour of the skin after exposure to the sun 晒黑的肤色: get a good tan 晒得很黑 * My tan's beginning to fade. 我晒黑的肤色逐渐变浅了. -- adj yellowish-brown 黄褐色的: tan leather gloves 黄褐色的皮手套. tanner n person who tans skins to make leather 制革工人; 硝皮匠. tannery[5tAnEri; 5tAnEri] n place where skins are tanned to make leather 制革厂; 硝皮厂.

tandem
[5tAndEm; 5tAndEm] n 1 bicycle with seats and pedals for two or more people, one behind another（双人或多人骑的）串联式自行车. 2 (idm 习语) in tandem one behind another 一前一後地; 排成纵列: * drive/ride in tandem 一前一後地驾车[骑车] * horses harnessed in tandem 前後串套着的马 * (fig 比喻) The two systems are designed to work in tandem, ie alongside each other, together. 这两套系统是为同步工作而设计的. * He and his wife run the business in tandem, ie as partners. 他和妻子共同经营这生意.

tandoori
[tAn'duEri; tan'duri] n [U] type of Indian food cooked over charcoal in a clay oven 唐杜里（印度食品, 在泥炉中的炭火上烹调而成）: * [attrib 作定语] tandoori chicken 唐杜里鸡.

tang
[tAN; tAN] n (usu sing 通常作单数) sharp taste, flavour or smell, esp one that is characteristic of sth 强烈的味道或气味（尤指某物特有的）: * with a tang of lemon 带柠檬味的 * There's a tang of autumn in the air. 空气中有秋天的气息. > tangy[5tANi; 5tANi] adj (-ier, -iest): * a tangy aroma 浓烈的香味.

tangent
[5tAndVEnt; 5tAndVEnt] n 1 (geometry 几) straight line that touches the outside of a curve but does not cross it 切线. =>illus at circle 见circle插图.2 (abbr 缩写 tan) (mathematics 数) (in a right-angled triangle) ratio of the sides opposite and adjacent to a given angle 正切. Cf 参看 cosine, sine. 3 (idm 习语) go/fly off at a `tangent change suddenly from one line of thought, action, etc to another 突然改变思想、 行动等.

tangerine
[7tAndVE'ri:n; - 'tAndVEri:n; 5tAndVE7rin] n 1 [C] type of small sweet loose-skinned orange 橘子. 2 [U] its deep orange-yellow colour 橘红色.

tangible
[5tAndVEbl; 5tAndVEbl] adj 1 (fml 文) that can be perceived by touch 可触知的. 2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] clear and definite; real 明确的; 确切的; 真实的: * tangible advantages 真正的优势 * tangible proof 确凿的证据 * the company's tangible assets, eg its buildings, machinery, etc, but not its reputation, etc 公司的有形资产（如其建 物、 机器等, 但不包括其信誉）. > tangibility[7tndVE'bilEti; 7tAndVE'bilEti] n [U]. tangibly[-Ebli; -Ebli] n [U].

tangle
[5tANgl; 5tANgl] n [C] 1 confused mass (of string, hair, etc) （绳子、 毛发等的）乱团: * brush the tangles out of a dog's fur 刷顺狗毛 * The wool got in a fearful tangle. 毛线乱成了一团. 2 confused condition 混乱: * His financial affairs are in such a tangle. 他的钱财是糊涂帐. 派生： tangle v 1 [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (up) (cause sth to) become twisted into a confused mass （使某物）乱作一团, 绞在一起: Her hair got all tangled up in the barbed wire fence. 她的头发让刺钢丝篱笆都给挂住了. 2 [Ipr] ~ with sb/sth become involved in a quarrel or fightwith sb/sth 与某人吵嘴或打架; 与某事有纠葛: I shouldn'ttangle with Peter -- he's bigger than you. 我不该与彼得纠缠--他比你块头大. tangled adj: tangled hair, wire, undergrowth 乱毛发、 金属丝、 灌木丛. tangly adj tangled 混乱的; 乱作一团的.

tango
[5tANgEu; 5tANgo] n (pl ~s[-gEuz; -goz] ) (music for a) ballroom dance with gliding steps and a strongly marked rhythm 探戈舞; 探戈舞曲: * dance/do the tango 跳探戈舞. 派生： tango v (pt, pp -goed, pres p -going) [I] dance the tango 跳探戈舞.

tangy
=> tang.

tank
[tANk; tANk] n 1 (a) large container, usu for liquid or gas 大容器（通常盛液体或气体）; 大桶; 箱; 罐; 槽: * the `petrol-tank of a car 汽车的油箱 * keep tropical fish in a glass tank 在玻璃缸中养热带鱼 * Water is stored in tanks under the roof. 水贮存於屋顶下的水箱中. (b) (also tankful[-ful; -ful] ) contents of this 大桶、 箱、 罐、 槽等所盛之物或量: * We drove there and back on one tank of petrol. 我们开车到那里来回用了一油箱汽油. 2 armoured fighting vehicle with guns which moves on Caterpillar tracks 坦克车; 坦克: * [attrib 作定语] a tank commander 坦克指挥官. 3 (in India, Pakistan, etc) large artificial reservoir for storing water （印度、 巴基斯坦等）人工大水库. 派生： tank v (phr v) tank up fill the tank of a vehicle, etc 将车辆等的油箱加满油. be/get tanked up (sl 俚) be/become drunk 喝醉: We got really tanked up on whisky and beer. 我们喝威士忌和啤酒喝醉了. tanker n (a) ship or aircraft for carrying petroleum, etc in bulk 运送石油等的轮船或飞机: an oil tanker 油轮. (b) (US also `tank truck) heavy road vehicle with a large cylindrical tank for carrying oil, milk, etc in bulk （陆上运送油、 奶等的）卡车, 罐车.

tankard
[5tANkEd; 5tANkld] n large (usu metal) drinking mug with a handle, esp one for beer （通常为金属的）有把手的大缸子; （尤指）啤酒杯. =>illus at cup 见cup插图.

tanner
=> tan1.

tannery
=> tan1.

tannic
[5tAnik; 5tAnik] adj of tannin 鞣酸的; 单宁酸的. 复合： tannic `acid tannin 鞣酸; 单宁; 单宁酸.

tannin
[5tAnin; 5tAnin] n [U] any of various compounds obtained from the bark of oak and other trees and used in tanning, dyeing, etc 鞣酸; 单宁; 单宁酸.

Tannoy
[5tAnCi; 5tAnCi] n (propr 专利名) type of public-address system 坦诺扩音系统: * an announcement made over/on the Tannoy 经坦诺扩音系统发布的通告.

tantalize, tantalise
[5tAntElaiz; 5tAntl7aiz] v [Tn] tease or torment (a person or an animal) by the sight of sth that is desired but cannot be reached （以可望而不可即之物）逗引或招惹（人或动物）: * Give the dog the bone don't tantalize him. 把那块骨头给那条狗吧--别让它乾着急了. * He was tantalized by visions of power and wealth. 他追求不到可望而不可即的权力和财富, 受尽了折磨. > tantalizing, -ising adj: * a tantalizing smell of food 诱人的食物气味. tantalizingly, -isingly adv: * tantalizingly near 近得使人跃跃欲试.

tantamount
[5tAntEmaunt; 5tAntE7maunt] adj [pred 作表语] ~ to sth equal in effect to sth; as good as sth 与某事物效果相等; 与某事物相同: * The King's request was tantamount to a command. 国王的要求就相当於命令. * Her statement is tantamount to a confession of guilt. 她的供述等於认罪.

tantrum
[5tAntrEm; 5tAntrEm] n outburst of bad temper, esp in a child 脾气发作（尤指儿童）: * have/throw a tantrum 发脾气 * be in/get in(to) a tantrum 在发脾气.

tap
1[tAp; tAp] n 1 (US faucet) device for controlling the flow of liquid or gas out of a pipe or container （控制液体或气体流出的）龙头, 旋塞: * hot and cold taps, eg on a basin, bath, etc 冷水和热水的龙头 * turn the tap on/off 打开[关上]龙头 * Don't leave the taps running, ie Turn them off. 要把龙头关上. Cf 参看 valve 1. 2 act of tapping a telephone or connection for doing this 电话窃听（接线）: * put a tap on sb's phone 给某人的电话接通窃听器. 3 (idm 习语) on tap (a) (of beer, etc) in a barrel with a tap; on draught （指啤酒等）装在有龙头的桶里的, 散装的. (b) (fig 比喻) available when needed 现成的; 随时可获得的. 派生： tap v (-pp-) 1 (a) [Tn] draw liquid from (sth) 从（某物）中放出液体: tap a cask of cider 从桶中放出苹果酒. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (off) (from sth) draw (liquid) through the tap of a barrel 打开桶的龙头放出（液体）: tap off some cider 打开龙头放出些苹果酒 * tap cider from a cask 打开桶的龙头放出苹果酒. 2 (a) [Tn] cut the bark of (a tree) in order to collect the sap 割开（树）的皮（以收取汁液）: tap rubber-trees 割胶. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (off) collect (sap) in this way （割开树皮）收取（汁液）. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth/sb (for sth) extract or obtain (sth) from sth/sb 自某物[某人]处引出或获取（某物）: vast mineral wealth waiting to be tapped 待开采的大量矿产 * new ways of tapping the skills of young people 使青年人发挥技能的新途径 * (infml 口) tap sb for a loan 向某人借钱. 4 [Tn] fit a listening device to (a telephone line) 在（电话线路）上装窃听器: I think my phone is being tapped. 我想现在有人窃听我的电话. 复合： `tap-root n chief root of a plant, growing straight downwards （植物的）主根. `tap-water n [U] water supplied through pipes to taps in a building, esp contrasted with types of bottled water 自来水.

tape
[teip; tep] n 1 [C, U] (piece of a) narrow strip of material used for tying, fastening or labelling things （用以捆、 系物品或作标记的）带子, 线带: * three yards of linen tape 叁码亚麻带 * a parcel tied up with tape 用带子捆着的包裹 * The seat covers are held in place by tapes. 椅套用带子系在椅子上. 2 [C] piece of this stretched across a race-track at the finishing-line （拉在跑道终点的）终点线: * He breasted/broke the tape (ie finished the race) half a second ahead of his rival. 他比对手早半秒钟撞线（到达终点）. 3 [U] strip of paper orother flexible material coated with adhesive for fasteningpackages, etc （粘贴包裹等的）胶带, 胶条: * sticky tape 胶黏带 * insulating tape 绝缘胶带. 4 [U] narrow continuousstrip of paper on which a teleprinter prints a message （电传打印机的）收报纸带. 5 [C, U] (reel of) magnetic tape; recording made on this 磁带; 录像（带）; 录音（带）: * The police seized various books and tapes. 警方查获了各种书和磁带. * make a tape of sb's conversation 录下某人的谈话 * listening to a tape of the Beatles 听披头士乐队的录音带 * I've got all the Beethoven symphonies on tape. 我有贝多芬交响乐全部的录音带. 6 [C] = tape-measure. 派生： tape v 1 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) tie or fasten sth with tape 用带子捆或系某物. 2 [Tn] record (sb/sth) on magnetic tape 将（某人[某事物]）录在录像带上; 给（某人[某事物]）录音: taped a concert off/from the radio 录下音乐会的无线电广播. 3 (idm 习语) have (got) sb/sth taped (infml 口 esp Brit) understand sb/sth fully; be able to manage, influence or control sb/sth 全面了解某人[某事物]; 能管理、 影响或控制某人[某事物]: It took me a while to learn the rules of the game but I think I've got them taped now. 我用了些时间学习游戏规则, 大概现在已经掌握了. 复合： `tape deck tape recorder as one component in a hi-fi system （高保真度的音响装置中的）录音座.

tape1
`tape-measure n (also tape, `measuring tape) stripof tape or flexible metal marked in inches or centimetres,etc for measuring length 卷尺; 皮尺. `tape-recorder n apparatus for recording sounds on magnetic tape and playing back the recording 录音机. `tape-recording n recording made on magnetic tape （录在磁带上的）录音, 录像. `tapeworm n tape-like worm that lives as a parasite in the intestines of man and other animals 臟虫.

taper
1[5teipE(r); 5tepl] n length of wax-covered thread like a very thin candle burned to give light or to light other candles, etc 蜡捻子, 细蜡烛（点燃後用以照明或引火）: * put a taper to the fire 用蜡捻儿引火.

tapestry
[5tApEstri; 5tApistri] n [C, U] (piece of) cloth into which threads of coloured wool are woven or embroidered by hand to make pictures or designs, used for covering walls and furniture 绣帷; 织花帷; 壁毯; 挂毯. 派生： tapestried adj hung or decorated with tapestries 挂绣帷或挂毯的; 以绣帷或挂毯装饰的: tapestried walls 挂有绣帷的墙.

tapioca
[7tApi'EukE; 7tApi'okE] n [U] starchy food in hard white grains, obtained from the cassava plant 木薯淀粉.

tapir
[5teipE(r); 5tepl] n small pig-like animal of tropical America and Malaysia, with a long flexible nose 貘（产於马来西亚和美洲热带地区）.

tappet
[5tApit; 5tApit] n projection in a piece of machinery that causes a certain movement by tapping against sth, used eg to open and close a valve 挺 .

tar
1[ta:(r); tar] n [U] 1 thick black sticky liquid, hard when cold, obtained from coal, etc and used in making roads, to preserve timber, etc 焦油; 焦油沥青; 柏油.2 similar substance formed by burning tobacco （烟草燃 烧产生的）烟瞏, 尼古丁: * [attrib 作定语] low-/middle-/high-tar cigarettes 尼古丁含量低[中/高]的香烟. 派生： tar v (-rr-) 1 [Tn] cover (sth) with tar 以焦油或沥青覆盖或涂抹（某物）; 铺以柏油: a tarred road, rope, roof 铺柏油的路、 涂焦油的绳子、 涂沥青的屋顶. Cf 参看 Tarmac. 2 (idm 习语) tar and `feather sb put tar on sb and then cover him with feathers, as a punishment 将某人涂以沥青然後覆以羽毛（作为处罚）. tarred withthe same `brush (as sb) having the same faults (as sb)（与某人）有同样的缺点.

taradiddle
[5tArEdidl; - 7tArE'didl; 7tArE'didl] n (dated infml 旧, 口) 1 [C] petty lie; fib 小谎. 2 [U] nonsense 胡说; 瞎说: * That's all taradiddle! 那都是胡说八道!

taramasalata
[7tArEmEsE'la:tE; 7tArEmEsE'latE] n [U] edible (usu pink) paste made from the smoked roe of mullet or cod （以鲻鱼子或鳕鱼子熏制的）鱼子酱（通常呈粉红色）.

tarantella
[7tArEn'telE; 7tArEn'telE] n (music for a) fast whirling Italian dance 塔兰台拉舞; 塔兰台拉舞曲.

tarantula
[tE'rAntjulE; - -tFElE; tE'rAntFElE] n any of several types of large spider, many of them hairy and some of them poisonous 大蜘蛛（多有毛, 有的有毒）.

tarboosh
[ta:'bu:F; tar'buF] n brimless felt cap like a fez, worn by Muslim men in certain countries 塔布什帽（某些国家穆斯林男子戴的无沿毡帽）.

tardy
[5ta:di; 5tardi] adj (-ier, -iest) (fml 文) 1 slow to act, move or happen 行动缓慢的; 缓缓移动的; 迟缓的; 拖拉的: * tardy in offering help 提供帮助不及时 * tardy progress, repentance, recognition 缓慢的进步、 事过後悔、 缓慢的认识. 2 (of actions, etc; US also of people) late （指行动等; 美式英语亦用於指人）晚的, 迟的: * a tardy arrival, return, departure, etc 迟到、 迟归、 迟动身 * be tardy for/to school 上学迟到. > tardily[-ili; -ili] adv. tardiness n [U].

tare
[teE(r); ter] n 1 weight of the container in which goods are packed, or of the vehicle carrying them 皮重（包装货物的容器重量）; 包装重量; 车身重（载货车辆的重量）; 车皮重. 2 allowance made for this when the goods are weighed together with their container or vehicle 皮重的扣除.

target
[5ta:git; 5targit] n 1 object or mark that a person tries to hit in shooting, etc; disc marked with concentric circles for this purpose in archery 目标; 靶. =>illus at archery 见archery插图. 2 person or thing against which criticism, etc is directed 受批评等的人或事物; 批评的目标、 对象: * become the target of scorn, derision, spite, etc 成为受轻蔑、 嘲笑、 怨恨等的对象. 3 result aimed at; objective 目的; 目标: * meet one's export targets 达到出口指标 * Production so far this year is on/off target. 今年到目前为止生产已达到[未达到]指标. * The embassy is an obvious target for terrorist attacks. 大使馆是恐怖分子攻击的明显目标. * [attrib 作定语] a target date, ie one set for completion of a project, etc 预定日期（为完成计画等订立的）. 派生： target v [usu passive 通常用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (at/on sth/sb) aim sth 瞄准某物: missiles targeted on Britain 瞄准英国的导弹 * a sales campaign targeted at the youth market 面向青年人市场的大推销.

tariff
[5tArif; 5tArif] n 1 list of fixed charges, esp for rooms, meals, etc at a hotel 价目表（尤指旅馆的房间、 餐食等的）. 2 duty to be paid on imports or (less often) exports 进出口货物（较少指出口货物）关税: * [attrib 作定语] raise tariff barriers against foreign goods 削减进口税. Cf 参看 tax 1.

Tarmac
[5ta:mAk; 5tar7mAk] n [U] (a) (propr 专利名) (also tar macadam) material for surfacing roads, etc, consisting of broken stone mixed with tar （铺设路面的）碎石和沥青的混合材料. (b) tarmac area surfaced with this, esp on an airfield 柏油碎石路面（尤指飞机场的）: * The plane taxied along the tarmac. 飞机沿跑道滑行. Cf 参看 macadam. 派生： tarmac v (pt, pp tarmacked, pres p tarmacking) [Tn] surface (sth) with Tarmac 以碎石沥青铺盖（某物）表面: I'm going to tarmac the front drive. 我要把前面的汽车道铺上碎石沥青.

tarn
[ta:n; tarn] n (often in names) small mountain lake （常用於名字）山中的小湖.

tarnish
[5ta:niF; 5tarniF] v 1 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) lose its brightness by being exposed to air or damp （因暴露於空气或潮气）（使某物）失去光泽: * mirrors that have tarnished with age 因年深月久而失去光泽的镜子 * The brasswork needs polishing it's badly tarnished. 那黄铜制品该擦了--黑糊糊的. 2 [Tn] stain or blemish (a reputation, etc) 玷污, 损害（名誉等）: * The firm's good name was badly tarnished by the scandal. 这件丑事玷污了公司的好名声. 派生： tarnish n [C, U] loss of brightness; stain or blemish 晦暗; 污点; 瑕疵: remove the tarnish from silver 除去银子上的污点.

taro
[5ta:rEu; 5taro] n (pl ~s) any of various types of tropical plant with a starchy root used as food, esp in the Pacific islands 芋; 芋头.

tarot
[5tArEu; 5tAro] n (a) [C] any one of a special pack of cards used mainly for fortune-telling 塔罗特纸牌（主要用於占卜）. (b) [sing] game played with these 塔罗特纸牌戏: * playing the tarot 玩塔罗特纸牌 * [attrib 作定语] tarot cards 塔罗特纸牌.

tarpaulin
[ta:'pC:lin; tar'pClin] n [C, U] (sheet or covering of) canvas made waterproof, esp by being treated with tar 防水帆布; 防水帆布罩; （尤指）柏油帆布: * goods on a lorry covered by a tarpaulin 卡车上苫着雨布的货物.

tarragon
[5tArEgEn; - -gCn; 5tArE7gan] n [U] (herb with) leaves that are used for flavouring salads and vinegar 龙蒿; 龙蒿叶（用以为色拉和醋调味）: * add a sprinkling of dried tarragon 放点儿乾的龙蒿叶.

tarry
1[5tAri; 5tAri] v (pt, pp tarried) [I, Ipr] (arch or rhet 古或修辞) delay in coming to or going from a place; linger 耽搁; 逗留; 徘徊: * Tarry awhile at this charming country inn. 在这个可爱的乡村小酒馆里呆一会儿吧.

tarsal
[5ta:sl; 5tarsl] adj (anatomy 解) of the bones in the ankle 跗骨的. 派生： tarsal n (anatomy 解) one of the bones in the ankle 跗骨（之一块）. =>illus at skeleton 见skeleton插图.

tarsus
[5ta:sEs; 5tarsEs] n (pl tarsi[-sai; -sai] ) (anatomy 解) group of seven small bones in the ankle 跗骨（由踝部七块小骨组成）.

tart
1[ta:t; tart] adj 1 sharp-tasting; acid 辛辣的; 酸的: * This fruit tastes rather tart. 这水果吃着有些酸. 2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (fig 比喻) sharp in manner; cutting or sarcastic 尖酸的; 尖刻的; 伤害的; 讽刺的: * a tart remark, reply, tone 尖酸的言语、 回答、 语调 * He can be quite tart. 他有时很刻薄. > tartly adv. tartness n [U].

tartan
[5ta:tn; 5tartn] n 1 [C, U] pattern of coloured stripes crossing at right angles, esp one associated with a Scottish clan 花格图案（尤指与苏格兰家族有关的）. 2 [U] woollen fabric woven in such a pattern 彩色格呢; 苏格兰格呢: * [attrib 作定语] a tartan skirt 彩色格呢裙.

tartar
1[5ta:tE(r); 5tartl] n [U] 1 hard chalky deposit that forms on the teeth 牙垢; 牙石. Cf 参看 plaque2.2 reddish deposit that forms on the inside of a cask in which wine is fermented 酒石（形成於酒的发酵桶内侧者）. 派生： tartaric/ta:'tArik; tar'tArik] adj of or derived from tartar 酒石的; 由酒石生成的. 复合： tar,taric `acid acid of tartar, found in many plants and the juice of fruit, and used in making baking powder, etc 酒石酸, 果酸（存在於许多植物和果汁中, 用以制发酵粉等）.

task
[ta:sk; - tAsk; tAsk] n 1 piece of (esp hard or unpleasant) work that has to be done 必须做的工作（尤指困难的或讨厌的）; 任务: * holiday tasks 假期作业 * I set myself the task of chopping up the firewood. 我给自己安排了劈柴的任务. * perform the gruesome task of identifying the dead bodies 执行辨认 体这一可怕的任务 * Becoming fluent in a foreign language is no easy task, ie is difficult. 熟练地掌握一门外语是一项艰苦的工作. =>Usage at work1 用法见work1. 2 (idm 习语) take sb to task (about/for/over sth) rebuke or criticize sb 指责或批评某人: * I was taken to task for arriving late. 我因迟到而受批评. * She took the government to task over its economic record. 她批评政府的经济劣迹. 派生： task v [Tn.pr esp passive 尤用於被动语态] ~ sb with sth give sth to sb as a task 将某事作为任务交与某人: tasked with the design of a new shopping centre 被派给设计新购物中心的任务. 复合： `task force group of people and resources specially organized for a particular (esp military) task 特派组; 特遣部队. `taskmaster (fem 阴性作 `taskmistress) n person who is strict in making others work hard 监工: a hard taskmaster 严厉的监工.

TASS
[tAs; tAs] abbr 缩写 = official news agency of the former USSR (Russian Telegrafnoye Agenstvo Sovietskovo Soyuza) 塔斯社（前苏联官方通讯社）（源自俄文Telegrafnoye Agenstvo Sovietskovo Soyuza）.

tassel
[5tAsl; 5tAsl] n bunch of threads tied at one end and hanging (from a cushion, tablecloth, hat, etc) as an ornament （垫子、 台布、 帽子等垂下的）穗, 缨, 流苏. 派生： tasselled (US tasseled) adj ornamented with a tassel or tassels 饰有穗、 缨或流苏的.

taste
1[teist; test] n 1 [C, U] sensation caused in the tongue by things placed on it 味道: * Sugar has a sweet taste. 糖有甜味. * a strong taste of garlic 很浓的蒜味 * I don't like the taste of this cheese. 我不喜欢这乳酪的味道. * a wine that has no/very little/not much taste 没味的[味淡的/没什麽味的]酒. 2 [U] sense by which flavour is known 味觉: * I've got a cold and so I have no taste/have lost my sense of taste. 我伤风了, 尝不出味道. * bitter to the taste 苦味. 3 [C usu sing 通常作单数]~ (of sth) (a) small quantity of food or drink taken as a sample （品尝的）少量食物或饮料: * Just have a taste of this cheese! 尝一点儿这种乳酪吧! (b) (fig 比喻) first/early experience of sth 首次的[最初的]经历或体验; 尝试: * her first taste of life in a big city 她对大城市生活初次的体验 * Although we didn't know it, this incident was a taste of things to come. 我们当时并不了解, 这件事就是後来这类事的发端. 4 [C, U] ~ (for sth) liking or preference 爱好; 嗜好: * She has a taste for foreign travel. 她有到国外旅行的爱好. * have expensive tastes in clothes 喜欢昂贵的衣服 * Modern art is not (to) everyone's taste, ie Many people dislike it. 现代艺术不见得合所有人的口味（很多人不喜欢）. 5 [U] ability to perceive and enjoy what is beautiful or harmonious, or to behave in an appropriate and a pleasing way 判断力; 鉴赏力; 审美力; 欣赏力; 适度而得体的举止: * have excellent taste in clothes, art, music, etc 对服装、 艺术、 音乐等很有鉴赏力 * He's got more money than taste, ie is rich but unrefined. 他有钱却无修养. * a room furnished in/with perfect taste 布置得相当雅致的房间 * It would be bad taste to refuse their invitation. 拒绝他们的邀请是不礼貌的. 6 (idm 习语) an acquired taste => acquire. (be) in good, bad, poor, the best of, theworst of, etc `taste (of sb's behaviour, etc) appropriateand pleasing/unsuitable and offensive （指某人的举止等）适度而得体[失当而粗俗]:

taste1
* She always dresses in the best possible taste. 她总是穿得很雅致. * I thought his jokes were in very poor taste. 我认为他讲的笑话太粗俗了. leave a bad/nasty taste in the mouth => leave1. there's no accounting for taste => account2. to `taste (esp in recipes) in the amount preferred （尤用於食谱中）适量: * Add salt to taste. 按口味放盐. 派生： tasteful[-fl; -fEl] adj showing good taste1(5) 有良好判断力、 鉴赏力等的; 举止得体的. tastefully[-fEli; -fEli] adv: * tastefully decorated 装饰得高雅的. tastefulness n [U]. tasteless adj 1 having no flavour 无味的. 2 showing poor taste1(5) 无判断力、 鉴赏力等的; 举止粗俗的: tasteless jokes 粗俗的笑话. tastelessly adv. tastelessness n [U]. tasty adj (-ier, -iest) having a strong and pleasant flavour; appetizing 美味的; 引起食欲的: a tasty dish 一道好吃的菜. tastily[-ili; -ili] adv. tastiness n [U]. `taste-bud n (usu pl 通常作复数) any of the smallprojections on the tongue by which flavours are perceived味蕾.

tat
1[tAt; tAt] v (-tt-) (a) [I] do tatting 梭织. (b) [Tn] make (sth) by tatting 用梭织法编织（某物）.

tatters
[5tAtEz; 5tAtlz] n [pl] 1 irregularly torn pieces of cloth, etc; rags 碎布; 破旧的衣服: * a poor beggar dressed in rags and tatters 衣衫褴褛的、 可怜的乞丐 * His clothes hung in tatters. 他的衣服破成了条儿耷拉着. 2 (idm 习语) in tatters destroyed; ruined 破坏的; 毁坏的; 毁灭的: * left his reputation, life, career, etc in tatters 使他的名誉、 生活、 事业等受损害 * She replied to my points so convincingly that my argument was soon in tatters. 她反驳我提出的各点都很有说服力, 很快就将我的论点驳倒. 派生： tattered adj ragged 破烂的; 褴褛的.

tatting
[5tAtiN; 5tAtiN] n [U] (a) type of lace that is made by hand and used for trimming （用於装饰的）手工花边. (b) process of making this 编织手工花边.

tattle
[5tAtl; 5tAtl] v [I] chatter or gossip idly; reveal information by doing this 闲谈; 闲聊; （聊天中）透露消息: * Who's been tattling? 谁在说闲话呢? 派生： tattle n [U] idle chatter or gossip 闲谈; 闲聊. tattler[5tAtlE(r); 5tAtll] (US `tattle-tale) n person who tattles 爱闲聊的人; 爱透露消息的人.

tattoo
1[tE'tu:; - tA'tu:; tA'tu] n (pl ~s) 1 [sing] evening drum or bugle signal calling soldiers back to their quarters 归营鼓; 归营号: * beat/sound the tattoo 敲归营鼓[吹归营号]. 2 [C] elaborate version of this withmusic and marching, performed as a public entertainment归营游行（配有军乐的表演）: * a torchlight tattoo 火炬游行. 3 [C] drumming or tapping 敲鼓; 轻击: * beating a tattoo on the table with his fingers 以手指在桌子上轻击鼓点.

tatty
[5tAti; 5tAti] adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) 1 shabby and untidy; ragged 不整洁的; 邋遢的; 破烂的: * tatty old clothes 破烂的旧衣服. 2 cheap and tawdry 廉价而艳丽的; 俗丽的. > tattily[-ili; -ili] adv. tattiness n [U].

taught
pt, pp of teach.

taunt
[tC:nt; tCnt] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (with sth) try to provoke sb with scornful or critical remarks; jeer at sb 试图以嘲笑或批评惹恼某人; 嘲弄某人: * They taunted him with cowardice/with being a coward. 他们讥笑他胆怯[是胆小鬼]. 派生： taunt n (often pl 常作复数) taunting remark 嘲弄的言语; 嘲笑; 讥讽: ignoring the taunts of the opposition 不理睬对方的嘲笑. tauntingly adv.

Taurus
[5tC:rEs; 5tCrEs] n 1 [U] the second sign of the zodiac, the Bull 金牛宫（黄道第二宫）. =>illus at zodiac 见zodiac插图. 2 [C] person born under the influence of this sign 属金牛宫星座的人. > Taurean n, adj =>Usage at zodiac 用法见zodiac.

taut
[tC:t; tCt] adj 1 (of rope, wire, cloth, etc) tightly stretched; not slack （指绳索、 金属线、 布等）拉紧的, 不松弛的. 2 (of muscles or nerves) tense （指肌肉或神经）紧张的. > tautly adv. tautness n [U].

tauten
[5tC:tn; 5tCtn] v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become taut （使某物）变紧, 紧张.

tautology
[tC:'tClEdVi; tC'talEdVi] n (a) [U] saying the same thing more than once in different ways withoutmaking one's meaning clearer or more forceful; needlessrepetition 无谓的重复; 赘述. (b) [C] instance of this 重复的话; 赘言. Cf 参看 pleonasm. > tautological/ 9tR:tE5lCdVIkl; 9tRtl`BdVIkl/, tautologous/tC:'tClEgEs; tC'talEgEs] adjs.

tavern
[5tAvEn; 5tAvln] n (arch or rhet 古或修辞) inn or public house 客栈; 酒店; 酒馆.

TAVR
abbr 缩写 = T and AVR.

tawdry
[5tC:dri; 5tCdri] adj (-ier, -iest) showy or gaudy but without real value 俗丽的; 华而不实的: * tawdry jewellery, furnishings 俗丽的珠宝、 家具. > tawdrily[-ElI; -ElI/ adv. tawdriness n [U].

tawny
[5tC:ni; 5tCni] adj brownish-yellow 黄褐色: * the lion's tawny mane 狮子的黄褐色鬃毛.

tax
[tAks; tAks] n 1 [C, U] (sum of) money to be paid by people or businesses to a government for publicpurposes 税; 税额: * income/property/sales tax 所得[物业/营业]税 * value-added tax 增值税 * levy a tax on sth 对某物徵税 * direct/indirect taxes 直接[间接]税 * paid over 1000 in taxes last year 去年交纳1000多英镑的税 * [attrib 作定语] tax evasion 逃税. Cf 参看 duty 3, tariff 2. 2 (idm 习语) a tax on sth a burden or strain on sth 某物的负担或重负: * a tax on one's health, patience, strength, etc 对健康、 耐力、 体力等的影响. 派生： tax v [Tn] 1 impose a tax on (sb/sth); require (sb) to pay tax 对（某人[某事物]）徵税; 要求（某人）纳税: tax luxuries 徵奢侈品税 * tax rich and poor alike 对贫富一律徵税 * My income is taxed at source, ie Tax is deducted from it before it is paid to me. 我的收入已先行扣除了所得税. 2 make heavy demands on (sth); strain 造成（某事物）的重负; 使超过极限: His constant requests for help taxed our goodwill. 他不断要求我们帮助他, 过分利用了我们对他的好意. * All these questions are beginning to tax my patience. 所有这些问题逐渐使我不胜其烦. 3 pay tax on (sth) 给（某物）纳税; 上税: The car is taxed until July. 这辆汽车七月前已上税. 4 (idm 习语) tax one's/sb's brain(s) set sb/oneself a difficult mental task 给某人[自己]安排伤脑筋的工作: This crossword will really tax your brain. 这纵横字谜真能让人大伤脑筋. 5 (phr v) tax sb with sth (fml 文) accuse sb of sth 指控某人某事: She was taxed with negligence/with having been negligent. 她被指控疏忽职守. taxable adj that can be or is liable to be taxed 应纳税的; 可能需纳税的: taxable earnings 应纳税的收入. taxing adj tiring or demanding 累人的; 烦人的; 繁重的: a taxing job 烦人的工作. taxation/tAk'seiFn; tAks'eFEn] n [U] (system of) raising money by taxes; taxes to be paid 徵税; 课税; 税制; 税款; 税金:

tax1
* direct/indirect taxation, ie on incomes/expenditure 直接[间接]税 * reduce/increase taxation 减[增]税. 复合： ,tax-de`ductible adj (of expenses) that may be deducted from income before the amount of tax to be paid is calculated （指费用）计算所得税时可扣除的. ,tax-`free adj on which tax need not be paid 免税的: a ,tax-free `bonus 免税红利. `tax haven country where income tax, etc is low 所得税等项税额低的国家. `taxman[-mAn; -mAn] n (pl -men[-men; -men] ) 1 [C] person whose job is to collect taxes 税务员; 收税员.2 the taxman [sing] (infml 口) government departmentthat is responsible for collecting taxes 税务部门; 税务机关: * He had been cheating the taxman for years. 他多年来一直欺骗税务部门. `taxpayer n person who pays taxes (esp income tax) 纳税人. `tax return statement of personal income, etc, used for calculating the amount of tax to be paid 纳税申报表.

taxi
[5tAksi; 5tAksi] (also `taxi-cab, esp US cab) n car that may be hired for journeys, esp one with a meter that records the fare to be paid 计程车; 出租汽车: * call/hail/hire/take a taxi 叫[招呼/雇/坐]计程车. 派生： taxi v [I, Ipr, Ip] (of an aircraft) move along on the ground or on water under its own power, esp before or after flying （指飞机）在地面或水面滑行（尤指起飞前或降落後）: The plane taxied/was taxiing along the runway. 飞机在跑道上滑行. 复合： `taxi rank (also `taxi stand, US `cabstand) place where taxis park while waiting to be hired 计程车站.

taxidermy
[5tAksidE:mi; 5tAksE7dEmi] n [U] art of preparing and stuffing the skins of dead animals, birds and fish so that they look like living ones （动物标本）剥制术. 派生： taxidermist[-ist; -ist] n person who practises taxidermy 剥制动物标本的人; 标本剥制家.

taxonomy
[tAk'sCnEmi; tAks'anEmi] n (a) [U] scientificprocess of classifying living things 生物分类学. (b) [C] instance of this 生物分类. > taxonomical[7tksE'nCmikl; 7tAksE'namikEl] adj. taxonomically[-kli; -kli] adv. taxonomist/tk'sCnEmist; tAks'anEmist] n.

TB
[7ti: 'bi:; 7ti 'bi] abbr 缩写 = tuberculosis: * be vaccinated against TB 接受抗结核病预防接种.

tbsp
(pl tbsps) abbr 缩写 = tablespoonful: Add 3 tbsps salt. 加3餐匙盐.

tea
[ti:; ti] n 1 [U] (dried leaves of an) evergreen shrub grown in China, India, etc 茶叶; 茶树: * a pound of tea 一磅茶叶. 2 (a) [U] drink make by pouring boiling water on these leaves 茶: * a cup/mug/pot of tea 一杯[茶缸子/壶]茶 * China, lemon, iced tea 中国茶、 柠檬茶、 加冰的茶 * Shall I make (the) tea? 我沏点儿茶好吗? (b) [C] cup of this 一杯茶: * Two teas, please. 劳驾, 要两杯茶. 3 [U] drink made by pouring boiling water on the leaves of other plants 代茶（用其他植物的叶子沏的饮料）: * camomile, mint, herb tea 菊花、 薄荷、 药草茶. 4 [C, U] (light meal served at an) occasion when tea is drunk, esp in the late afternoon 茶（点）; （尤指）下午茶点: * The waitress has served twenty teas since 4 o'clock. 这女服务 员从4点钟开始已供应了20份茶点. * We usually have tea at half-past four. 我们一般在四点半喝下午茶. * When is tea? 什麽时候有茶点? =>Usage at dinner 用法见dinner. 5 (idm 习语) sb's cup of tea => cup1. not for all the tea in `China no matter how great the reward 无论报酬多高; 无论得到多大好处: * I wouldn't marry him for all the tea in China. 有天大好处我也不嫁给他. 复合： `tea-bag n small paper bag holding enough tea for one person （供一人饮用的）袋茶, 茶袋. `tea-break n (Brit) (in an office, a factory, etc) short period of time when work is stopped and tea, etc may be taken （办公室、 工厂等处的）喝茶时间, 工间休息时间. `tea-caddy (also caddy) n box in which tea is kept for daily use 茶叶盒; 茶叶罐. `teacake n (Brit) small flat cake, usu eaten hot with butter at tea 茶点饼（扁平的小饼, 通常在饮茶时加黄油热食）: toasted teacakes 再烤的茶点饼. `tea-chest n light wooden box lined with metal, in which tea is exported 茶箱（装茶叶出口的大木箱）. `tea-cloth n 1 cloth for a tea-table or tea-tray 茶几布; 茶盘布.

tea1
2 (Brit) = tea-towel. `tea-cosy n cover placed over a teapot to keep the tea inside it warm 茶壶保温套; 茶壶暖罩. `teacup n 1 cup in which tea is served 茶杯. 2 (idm 习语) a storm in a teacup => storm. `tea-leaf n (pl -leaves) leaf of tea, esp after tea has been made （泡过的）陈茶叶, 茶叶渣: throw away the old tea-leaves 倒掉陈茶叶 * tell sb's fortune from the tea-leaves in his cup 藉察看某人杯中的陈茶叶为其占卜. `tea-party n social occasion at which tea is served, esp in the late afternoon 茶会（尤指午後的）. `teapot n 1 container with a spout, in which tea is made and from which it is poured into cups, etc 茶壶. =>illus at pot 见pot插图. 2 (idm 习语) a tempest in a teapot => tempest. `tea-room (also `tea-shop) n (usu small) restaurant in which tea and light meals are served 茶馆; 茶室. `tea-service (also `tea-set) n set of cups, plates, etc for serving tea 一套茶具. `teaspoon n 1 small spoon for stirring tea, etc 茶匙. =>illus at spoon 见spoon插图. 2 amount that this can hold 茶匙的量. `teaspoonful[-ful; -ful] n amount that a teaspoon can hold 一茶匙的量: * two teaspoonfuls of sugar 两茶匙的糖. `tea-strainer n device for holding back tea-leaves when pouring tea into a cup, etc 滤茶器. `tea-table n (usu small) table at which tea is served 茶几; 茶桌: [attrib 作定语] tea-table conversation 茶话. `tea-things n [pl] (infml 口) = tea-service. `tea-time n [U] time at or during which tea is taken in the afternoon 用（下午）茶点的时间. `tea-towel n (also tea-cloth, US `dish towel) towel for drying washed crockery, cutlery, etc 擦餐具等的抹布. `tea-tray n small tray suitable for carrying a tea-set, etc 茶盘. `tea-trolley (also `tea-wagon) n small table on wheels, used for serving tea 茶具车. =>illus at trolley 见trolley插图.

tea2
`tea-urn n container in which water is boiled for making a large quantity of tea, eg in a cafe （泡大量茶用的）大茶罐. =>illus at urn 见urn插图.

teach
[ti:tF; titF] v (pt, pp taught/tC:t; tCt] ) 1 (a) [I, Tn, Dn.w, Dn.t] give instruction to (sb); cause (sb) to know or be able to do sth 教（某人）; 使（某人）明白或会做某事: * She teaches well. 她教得好. * teach children 教小孩儿 * He taught me (how) to drive. 他教我开汽车. (b) [Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb/sth) communicate (knowledge, skill, etc) 传授（知识、 技能等）; 教授: * teach French, history, judo, etc 教法语、 历史、 柔道等 * She teaches advanced students English/teaches English to advanced students. 她教高水平的学生英语. * He's taught his dog some clever tricks. 他已经训练他的狗耍些灵巧的把戏. 2 [I, Tn] do this for a living 以教书为生: * She teaches at our local school. 她在我们这地区的学校教书. * He taught mathematics for many years. 他教数学已很多年了. =>Usage 见所附用法. 3 [Tn, Tf, Dn.n, Dn.f, Dn.t] put (sth) forward as a fact or as a principle; advocate 提出（某事）作为事实或原则; 倡导; 提倡: * Christ taught forgiveness, ie that we should forgive our enemies, etc. 基督倡导宽恕（应宽恕敌人等）. * He taught that the earth revolves around the sun. 他指出地球是围绕太阳转的. * My parents taught me never to tell lies. 我父母告诫我千万不要说谎. 4 [no passive 不用於被动语态: * Tn, Dn.n, Dn.t] (infml 口) persuade (sb) to do or not to do sth by punishment or as a result of experience 教育、 教导（某人）做某事; 告诚、 训诫（某人）不做某事: * So you lost all your money? That'll teach you (to gamble). 这麽说, 你把钱都输光了? 这就是（赌博）给你的教训. * It taught him a lesson he never forgot. 这给了他一个终生难忘的教训. * I'll teach you to call me a liar! ie punish you for doing so. 你说我说谎, 我就要教训你! 5 (idm 习语) know/learn/teach sb the ropes => rope. teach one's grandmother to suck `eggs tell or show sb how to do sth that he can already do perfectly well, and probably better than oneself 教比自己强的人做某事. (you can't) teach an old dog new `tricks (saying 谚) (one can't) successfully get old people who are set in their ways to change their ideas, methods of work, etc （无法）改变老人的想法、 做法等.teach `school (US) be a schoolteacher 当老师; 任教师.

teach1
派生： teachable adj 1 (of a subject) that can be taught （指学科）可教的. 2 (of a person) able to learn by being taught （指人）能学习的, 可教育的. teacher n person who teaches, esp in a school 教师（尤指中小学的）: my English teacher 我的英语老师. teaching n 1 [U] work of a teacher; instruction 教师的工作; 教学工作; 教授; 教导; 指导: Teaching is a demanding profession. 教学工作是个要求很高的工作. 2 [U, C often pl 作不可数名词或可数名词, 後者常作复数] that which is taught; doctrine 所教的东西; 教义; 主义: the teaching(s) of the Church 教会的教义. 复合： `teach-in n (dated infml 旧, 口) lecture and discussion, or a series of these, on a subject of topical interest 研讨会. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: 1 Educate refers to theoverall development of (especially children's) knowledgeand intellect, usually through the formal education system of schools and universities *educate指对（尤指儿童的）知识和智力进行全面的培养, 通常是由学校进行系统的正规教育: He was educated at the local comprehensive school. 他曾在地区的综合中学受教育. * The country needs an educated population. 该国需要受过教育的国民. 2 Teach has the widest use in formal and informal situations and at all levels. *teach一词使用范围最广, 可用於庄重的和一般的场合, 可用於各种教育程度. It can refer to an academic subject or a practical skill 这一词既可指某一学科也可指某种技能:She teaches history at a secondary school/to undergraduates.她在中学教历史[教大学生历史课]. * My father taught me how to swim. 我父亲教过我游泳. 3 Coach is used of non-formal teaching, either of an academic subject (especially for an examination) or of a sport *coach一词表示非正规的教导, 既可指对某一学科（尤指为考试）进行辅导, 也可指对体育运动的指导: I'm coaching their children in A level maths in the evenings. 我晚上辅导他们的孩子准备数学的高级考试.

teach2
* She coaches the tennis team at the weekend. 她在周末指导网球队. 4 Train means producing a desired result in behaviour, standard of skill or physical ability. *train的意思是使在行为、 技能或体能上达到要求. It is sometimes contrasted with educate. 这一词与educate相比有时有差别. It can be used of people or animals 它可用以指人或动物: It's hard to train children to behave well at the table. 培养儿童用餐时举止得体是很困难的. * He's training the horse for the Grand National. 他为参加英国大赛马而训练那匹马. * The swimming team's in training for the Olympics. 该游泳队正在为参加奥林匹克运动会而进行训练. 5 Instruct means giving practicalinformation or knowledge, especially to groups of trainees (eg soldiers or nurses) *instruct指传授实践知识, 特别是针对集体受训者（如士兵或护士）: She instructed the trainee nurses in giving injections. 她指导实习护士练习注射.

teak
[ti:k; tik] n (a) [U] strong hard wood of a tall evergreen Asian tree, used for making furniture, in shipbuilding, etc 柚木（用以制造家具、 船等）. (b) [C] this tree 柚木（树）.

teal
[ti:l; til] n (pl unchanged 复数不变) small wild duck living near rivers or lakes 水鸭（栖於河湖附近的小野鸭）.

team
[ti:m; tim] n [CGp] 1 group of players forming one side in certain games and sports （某些游戏及运动的）队: * Which team do you play for? 你在哪个队效力? * Leeds was/were the better team. 利兹队是个好队. 2 group of people working together 在一起工作的人; 队; 组: * a sales team 推销小组 * [attrib 作定语] He's a good team worker, ie He works well with others. 他是个好搭档. 3 two or more animals pulling a cart, plough, etc together （一起拉车、 睱等的）牲畜. 派生： team v [Ipr, Ip] ~ up (with sb) work together (with sb), esp for a common purpose （与某人）一起工作（尤指为一共同目标）; 合作: The two companies have teamed up to develop a new racing car. 那两个公司已合作研制新型赛车. teamster[5ti:mstE(r); 5timstl] n (US) lorry driver 卡车司机. 复合： ,team `spirit (approv 褒) willingness to act for thegood of one's team rather than one's individual advantage,etc 集体精神. `team-work n [U] organized co-operation; combinedeffort 有组织的合作; 协力工作: The success of the projectwas largely the result of good team-work. 这一项目能获得成功主要是大家通力合作的结果.

tear
1[tiE(r); tir] n 1 [C usu pl 通常作复数] drop of salty water coming from the eye, esp as the result of grief, irritation by fumes, etc 泪; 泪水; 泪珠: * A tear rolled down his cheek. 一滴泪珠沿着他的面颊流下来. * a tear-stained face 带着泪痕的脸 * Her eyes filled with tears. 她眼泪汪汪的. * a story that moved/reduced us to tears, ie made us cry 使我们感动得落泪的故事 * shed/weep bitter tears 流出痛苦的泪水 * He burst into tears, ie began to cry. 他哭了起来. * The memory of his dead mother brought tears to his eyes. 他忆起去世的母亲便热泪盈眶. 2 (idm 习语) bore sb to death/tears => bore. crocodile tears => crocodile. in `tears crying 哭泣: * She was in tears over the death of her puppy. 她因小狗死去而哭泣. 派生： tearful[-fl; fl] adj crying or ready to cry 哭泣的; 要哭的: * her tearful face 她那挂着泪珠的脸 * a crowd of tearful mourners 一群哭泣着的送葬者. tearfully[-fEli; -fli] adv. 复合： `tear-drop n single tear 泪珠. `tear-gas n [U] gas that causes severe irritation and watering of the eyes, used to disperse crowds, etc 催泪瓦斯. `tear-jerker n (infml sometimes derog 口, 有时作贬义) story, film, etc designed to make people cry in sympathy, etc 催人泪下的故事、 电影等.

tease
[ti:z; tiz] v 1 [I, Tn, Tn.pr] make fun of (sb) in aplayful or unkind way; try to provoke (sb) with questionsor petty annoyances 取笑, 嘲弄（某人）; 逗弄, 招惹（某人）: * Don't take what she said seriously she was only teasing. 别拿她的话当真--她不过是逗弄人. * The other boys used to tease him because of/about his accent. 别的男孩子常拿他的口音取笑他. * Stop teasing the cat, eg by pulling its tail. 别逗猫（如揪猫尾巴）. 2 [Tn] (a) pick (wool) into separate strands 梳理（羊毛等）. (b) brush up the surface of (cloth) to make it fluffy 使（布）的表面起毛. 3 [Tn] (esp US) = backcomb (back3). 派生： tease n person who is fond of teasing others 爱嘲弄他人的人: What a tease she is! 她可真爱取笑别人! teaser n (infml 口) problem that is difficult to solve 难以解决的问题: This one's a real teaser. 这可真是个难题. teasingly adv in a teasing manner; in order to tease 嘲笑地; 嘲弄地.

teasel
(also teazel, teazle)[5ti:zl; 5tizl] n plant with prickly flowers formerly used (when dried) for teasing cloth, etc 川续断（旧时用以使布等表面起毛的植物）.

teat
[ti:t; tit] n 1 animal's nipple （动物的）乳头, 奶头.=>illus at cow 见cow插图. 2 (also nipple) rubber mouthpiece on a child's feeding-bottle, through which the contents are sucked 橡胶奶嘴.

tech
[tek; tek] n (usu sing 通常作单数) (infml 口) technical college or school 技术学院或学校: * doing an engineering course at the local tech 在地区技术学校学工程学.

technical
[5teknikl; 5teknikl] adj 1 [usu attrib 通常作定语] of or involving the mechanical arts and applied sciences 技术的; 应用科学的: * a technical school 技术学校 * a technical education 技术教育. 2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] of a particular subject, art or craft, or itstechniques 专科的; 艺术的; 工艺的; 技艺的; 技巧的: * thetechnical terms of chemistry 化学专业术语 * the technical difficulties of colour printing 彩色印刷的技术难题 * a musician with great technical skill but not much feeling 技巧熟但缺少情感的音乐家. 3 (of a book, etc) requiring specialized knowledge; using technical terms （指书等）要求有专门知识的, 使用术语的, 专业的: * The article is rather technical in places. 这篇论文中有些地方相当专业化. 4 [attrib 作定语] in a strict legal sense 严格按法律意义的: * technical assault 法律上成立的人身攻击. 派生： technicality[7tekni'klEti; 7tekni'kAlEti] n 1 technical term or point 术语; 专业上的细节: * The book is full of scientific technicalities. 这本书里尽是科学术语. * The lawyer explained the legal technicalities to his client. 律师给委托人解释法律上的要点. 2 detail of no real importance 不重要的细节: * a mere technicality 无足轻重的细节. technically[-kli; -kli] adv 1 with reference to thetechnique displayed 技术上; 技巧上; 专门地: * Technicallythe building is a masterpiece, but few people like it. 就技术而言那座建 物是杰作, 但却没人喜欢. 2 according to a precise interpretation of the laws, meaning of words, etc; strictly 准确地按照法律、 词义等的解释; 严格地: * Although technically (speaking) you may not have lied, you certainly haven't told us the whole truth. 尽管严格来说你没算撒谎, 但肯定你并没把实情都告诉我们. 复合： `technical college (Brit) college offering students further education in technical and other subjects after they have left school 技术学院.

technical1
,technical `hitch breakdown caused by a mechanical fault 技术故障.

technician
[tek'niFn; tek'niFEn] n 1 expert in the techniques of a particular subject, art or craft 技术员; 技师; 工艺师. 2 skilled mechanic 巧匠.

Technicolor
[5teknikQlE(r); 5tekni7kQll] n [U] 1 (propr专利名) process of colour photography used for cinema films （电影片的）彩色印片法. 2 (also technicolour) (infml 口) vivid or artificially brilliant colour 鲜明的色彩; 人工的鲜艳色彩: * [attrib 作定语] The fashion show was a technicolour extravaganza. 那时装表演是艳丽色彩的大汇展.

technique
[tek'ni:k; tek'nik] n (a) [C] method of doing or performing sth, esp in the arts or sciences 技术; 方法; 手段; （尤指艺术或科学方面的）技法, 手法, 技巧: * applying modern techniques to a traditional craft 将现代技术用於传统手工业. (b) [U] skill in this 技能: * displayed (a) flawless technique 显示出精湛的技艺.

techno-
comb form 构词成分 of the applied sciences 技术的; 工艺的; 技巧的: technology * technocrat.

technocracy
[tek'nCkrEsi; tek'nakrEsi] n (a) [U]control or management of a country's industrial resourcesby technical experts 专家政治（由技术专家对国家工业资源的治理）. (b) [C] country where this occurs 实行专家政治的国家: * Is Britain becoming a technocracy? 英国是否要成为实行专家政治的国家? 派生： technocrat[5teknEkrAt; 5teknE7krAt] n expert inscience, engineering, etc, esp one who favours technocracy技术专家; （尤指）专家政治论者. technocratic[7teknE'krtik; 7teknE'krAtik] adj.

technology
[tek'nClEdVi; tek'nalEdVi] n [U] 1 scientificstudy and use of mechanical arts and applied sciences, eg engineering 科技; 工艺及应用科学（如工程技术）; 工艺学; 工程学. 2 application of this to practical tasksin industry, etc （工业等方面的）技术应用: * recent advancesin medical technology 医疗技术的新进展 * the technologyof computers 计算机的工业技术. 派生： technological[7teknE'lCdVikl; 7teknE'ladVikl] adj: * a major technological breakthrough 主要的技术性突破 * technological changes, problems 技术上的改变、 问题.technologically[-kli; -kli] adv: * technologically advanced技术上先进的. technologist/tek'nClEdVist; tek'nalEdVist] n expert in technology 技术、 工艺、 工程等的专家.

teddy bear
[5tedi beE(r); 5tedi 7ber] soft furry toy bear （软毛）玩具熊.

tedious
[5ti:diEs; 5tidiEs] adj tiresome because of being too long, slow or dull; boring （因过长、 过慢或单调）令人厌倦的; 烦人的: * The work is tedious. 这工作令人厌倦. * We had to sit through several tedious speeches. 我们只得坐在那里听着几个乏味的讲演. > tediously adv: * tediously long 冗长得令人厌烦. tediousness n [U].

tedium
[5ti:diEm; 5tidiEm] n [U] tediousness; boredom 厌倦; 厌烦; 乏味: * two hours of unrelieved tedium 烦闷难解的两小时.

tee
[ti:; ti] n 1 (a) (in golf) flat area from which a player strikes the ball when beginning to play each hole （高尔夫球运动的）开球处. (b) small spiked stand of wood, plastic, etc on which a player places his golf ball before striking it at the start of each hole 球座（高尔夫球运动中发球时放置球的小台）. 2 mark aimed at in certain games, eg quoits, bowls, curling （掷环、 滚木球、 冰上溜石游戏的）目标. 3 (idm 习语) to a T/tee => T. 派生： tee v (pt, pp teed) 1 [Tn] place (a golf ball) on a tee 将（高尔夫球）置於球座上. 2 (phr v) tee off play the ball from the tee 自球座击球. tee sb off (US sl 俚) make sb angry or annoyed 使某人生气或烦恼. tee (sth) up prepare to play (a golf ball) by placing it on a tee （将高尔夫球置於球座上）准备击球.

tee-shirt
= T-shirt (T).

teem
1[ti:m; tim] v 1 [Ipr] ~ with sth have sth in great numbers 有很多、 大量的某事物: * The river was teeming with fish. 河里的鱼很多. * (fig 比喻) His mind is teemingwith bright ideas. 他心里有很多好主意. 2 [I] be present in great numbers 大量出现; 有很多: * Fish teem in these waters. 这些湖里有很多鱼.

teens
[ti:nz; tinz] n [pl] years of a person's age from 13 to 19 13至19岁的年龄; 十几岁: * be in one's teens 十几岁 * She is not yet out of her teens, ie is under 20. 她还不到20岁. 复合： teenage[5ti:neidV; 5ti7nedV] adj [attrib 作定语] of orfor teenagers 青少年的: * teenage fashions, problems, children青少年的风尚、 青少年的问题、 少年儿童. teenaged adj in one's teens 十几岁的. teenager[5ti:neidVE(r);'tin7edVl] (also infml esp US teen/ti:n; tin] 口语作teen, 尤用於美式英语) n person in his or her teens 少年男女; 青少年: * a club for teenagers 青少年俱乐部.

teeny
[5ti:ni; 5tini] (also teeny-weeny[7ti:ni 'wi:ni; 7tini 'wini] , teensy/ti:nzi; 5tinzi] , teensy-weensy[7ti:nzi 'wi:nzi; 7tinzi 'winzi] ) adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) tiny 极小的.

teeter
[5ti:tE(r); 5titl] v [I, Ipr, Ip] stand or moveunsteadily 摇晃地站立或移动: * The drunken man teeteredon the edge of the pavement. 那醉汉在人行道边上东倒西歪的. * She was teetering along/about/around in very high-heeled shoes. 她穿着高跟鞋摇摇晃晃地走着[四处走]. * (fig 比喻) teetering on the brink/edge of disaster 在灾难边缘摇摇欲坠.

teeth
pl of tooth.

teethe
[ti:T; tiT] v [I] (usu in the continuous tenses, or as a gerund or present participle 通常用於进行时态或用作动名词或现在分词) (of a baby) have its first teeth starting to grow through the gums （指幼儿）长牙, 出牙: * Babies like to chew something when they're teething. 幼儿长牙时爱咬东西. 复合： `teething troubles (fig 比喻) minor problems occurring in the early stages of an enterprise 创业初期遇到的小问题.

teetotal
[ti:'tEutl; - 'ti:tEutl; 5ti7totl] adj (in favour of) never drinking alcoholic drinks （赞成）不饮酒的, 滴酒不沾的. 派生： teetotalism n [U]. teetotaller (US also teetotaler)[-tlE(r); -tll] n person who is teetotal 不饮酒者; 滴酒不沾者.

TEFL
[ 9ti: i: ef 5el or, in informal use, 俗读作 5tefl;9ti i Zf `Zl, `tZfl] abbr 缩写 = Teaching English as a ForeignLanguage 作为外语的英语教学. Cf 参看 TESL.

tel
abbr 缩写 = 1 telegraph(ic). 2 telephone (number): tel 0865-56767 电话0865-56767.

telecommunications
[7telikE7mju:ni'keiFnz; 7telEkE7mjunE'keFEnz] n [pl] communications by satellite, cable, telegraph, telephone, radio or TV 电信.

telegram
[5teligrAm; 5telE7grAm] n message sent by telegraph and then delivered in written or printed form电报: * send/receive a telegram (of congratulations, condolence,etc) 发[收]（祝贺、 吊唁等）电报. Cf 参看 cable4.

telegraph
[5teligra:f; - -grAf; 5telE7grAf] n (a) [U] means of sending messages by the use of electric current along wires 打电报. (b) [C] apparatus for doing this 电报机. 派生： telegraph v (a) [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] send (a message) by telegraph 打电报传达（消息）; 电告. (b) [Dn.t] send instructions to (sb) by telegraph 打电报向（某人）发指令、 命令; 电令. telegraphese[7teligrE'fi:z; 7telEgrA'fiz] n [U] shortenedstyle of language used in telegrams, leaving out all unnecessary words 电报文体（省略非必要字句者）. telegraphic[7teli'grAfik; 7telE'grAfik] adj suitable for or sent by telegraphy 适於打电报的; 打电报发送的.telegraphically[-kli; -kli] adv. telegraphic ad`dressshortened or registered address for use in telegrams 用於电报的简略地址. telegraphist/ti'legrEfist; tE'legrEfist] (also telegrapher/ tI5legrEfE(r); tE`lZ^rEfL/) n person whose job is to send and receive messages by telegraph 电报员; 报务员. telegraphy/ti'legrEfi; tE'legrEfi] n [U] process ofcommunication by telegraph 电报通讯术: * wireless telegraphy无线电报通讯. 复合： `telegraph-line (also -wire) n wire along which telegraph or telephone messages travel 电报或电话线路. `telegraph-pole (also -post) n pole supporting telegraph-lines （电报线路的）电线 .

telemetry
[ti'lemEtri; tE'lemEtri] n [U] process of automatically recording the readings of an instrument and transmitting them over a distance, usu by radio （无线电）遥测术.

teleology
[7teli'ClEdVi, 7ti:li-; 7teli'alEdVi, 7tili-] n [U] theory that events and developments are meant to fulfil a purpose and happen because of that 目的论（认为事情的发生和发展都是为达到某目的）. 派生： teleological[7teliE'lCdVikl, 7ti:liE-; 7teliE'ladVikl,7tiliE-] adj. teleologist[7teli'ClEdVist, 7ti:li-; 7teli'alEdVist, 7tili-] n person who believes in teleology 目的论者.

telepathy
[ti'lepEWi; tE'lepEWi] n [U] 1 communication of thoughts or ideas from one mind to another withoutthe normal use of the senses 传心术; 心灵感应. 2 (infml口) ability to be aware of the thoughts and feelings of others 解心能力（对旁人的思想及感情的理解能力）. 派生： telepath[5telipAW; 5telE7pAW] n telepathic person 用传心术的人; 有解心能力的人; 能理解他人思想感情的人. telepathic[7teli'pAWik; 7telE'pAWik] adj (a) of or using telepathy 用传心术的; 心灵感应的. (b) (of a person) able to communicate by telepathy （指人）会传心术的, 有心灵感应的: * How did you know what I was thinking? You must be telepathic. 我心里想的事情你是怎麽知道的? 你准是有心灵感应. telepathically[-kli; -kli] adv.

telephone
[5telifEun; 5telE7fon] (also phone) n 1 [U] system of transmitting the human voice to a distance by wire or radio 电话: * You can always reach (ie contact) meby telephone. 你打电话随时都能找到我. 2 [C] instrumentused for this, with a receiver and mouthpiece 电话机: * answer the telephone, ie pick up the receiver to receivean incoming call 接电话. 3 (idm 习语) on the `telephone(a) connected to the telephone system 接上电话; 接通电话: * They've just moved and they're not on the telephoneyet. 他们刚搬的家, 还没接通电话. (b) using the telephone在打电话: * She's on the telephone at the moment. 她正在打电话. * You're wanted (ie Somebody wants to speak to you) on the telephone. 你的电话（有人打电话找你）. 派生： telephone (also phone) v [I, Tn, Tn.pr] send (a message) or speak to (sb) by telephone 以电话传送（消息）; 给（某人）打电话: Will you write or telephone? 你写信还是打电话? * We must telephone our congratulations (to the happy couple). 我们得（给那对幸福的夫妇）打个电话表示祝贺. * He telephoned (his wife) to say he'd be late. 他（给妻子）打电话说他要晚到. telephonic[7teli'fCnik; 7telE'fanik] adj. telephonist/ti'lefEnist; tE'lefEnist] n = telephone operator. telephony/ti'lefEni; tE'lefEni] n [U] process of transmitting sound by telephone 电话通讯; 电话技术. 复合： `telephone box (also `phone box, `telephone booth,`phone booth, `call-box) small covered or enclosed structure containing a telephone for use by the public 公用电话亭. `telephone directory (also `telephone book, `phonebook) book listing the names, addresses and telephone numbers of people in a particular area who have a telephone 电话号码簿; 电话簿. `telephone exchange (also exchange) place where telephone connections are made 电话局; 电话交换台; 总机.

telephone1
`telephone number (also `phone number) number assigned to a particular telephone and used in dialling a call to it 电话号码. =>App 4 见附录4. `telephone operator person whose job is to connect calls in a telephone exchange 话务员; 接线员.

telephoto
[7teli'fEutEu; 7telE'foto] adj = telephotographic (telephotography). 复合： ,telephoto `lens lens that produces a large image of a distant object that is being photographed 摄远镜头.

telephotography
[7telifE'tCgrEfi; 7telEfo'tagrEfi] n [U] process of photographing distant objects using a telephoto lens 摄远摄影术. 派生： telephotographic[7telifEutE'grAfik; 7telE7fotE'grAfik] adj of or for or using telephotography 摄远摄影术的; 为或用摄远摄影术的.

teleprinter
[5teliprintE(r); 5telE7printl] (US teletypewriter)n device for automatically typing and sending messages by telegraph, and for receiving and typing messages similarly 电传打印机.

teleprompter
[5teliprCmptE(r); 5telE7pramptl] n deviceby which a speaker on television can read the text of his script from a screen in front of him that cannot be seen by his audience 讲词提示器（将电视播音者的讲稿显示其面前的屏幕上之装置）. Cf 参看 Autocue.

telescope
[5teliskEup; 5telE7skop] n optical instrument shaped like a tube, with lenses to make distant objects appear larger and nearer 望远镜. 派生： telescope v 1 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) becomeshorter by sliding overlapping sections inside one another（使某物）变短（叠缩在一起）. =>illus 见插图. 2 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become compressed forcibly （使某物）叠缩, 嵌入: The first two carriages of the train (were) telescoped in the crash. 火车撞车时前两节车箱叠嵌在一起了. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (into sth) condense sth so that it occupies less space or time 压缩某物使其少占空间或时间: Three episodes have been telescoped into a single programme. 把叁集的内容压缩成了一个节目. telescopic[7teli'skCpik; 7telE'skapik] adj 1 of a telescope; magnifying like a telescope 望远镜的; 如望远 镜般放大的; 望远的: * a telescopic sight, eg on a rifle, to magnify the target 望远瞄准器（如装於步枪上放大目标者）. 2 (that can be) seen through a telescope （能）从望远镜中见到的: * a telescopic view of the moon 从望远镜中见到的月亮 * telescopic stars, ie those that are invisible to the naked eye 用望远镜才能看到的星星.3 having sections which slide one within another 伸缩的; 套叠的; 叠缩的: * a telescopic aerial, stand, umbrella 伸缩式天线、 伸缩式支架、 折叠伞. telescopically[-klI; -klI/ adv.

teletext
[5telitekst; 5telE7tekst] n [U] computerized service providing news and other information on the television screens of subscribers 电视电报（可在用户的电视接收机上显示的信息）.

teletypewriter
[ 9telI5taIpraItE(r); 9tZlE`taIp9raItL/ n (US) = teleprinter

television
[5teliviVn; 5telE7viVEn] (also Brit infml 英式口语作 telly) n (abbr 缩写 TV) 1 [U] process of transmitting and reproducing on a screen events, scenes, plays, etc in pictures and sound, using radio signals 电视. 2 [U] programmes broadcast in this way 电视（播放的）节目: * spent the evening watching television 看电视节目度过夜晚 * [attrib 作定语] a television documentary 电视播放的记实节目. 3 [C] (also `television set) apparatus with a screen and loudspeaker for receiving television broadcasts 电视接收机; 电视机: * a colour/black-and-white television 彩色[黑白]电视机. 4 [U] organization producing and transmitting television programmes 电视行业; 电视台: * She works in television.她在电视台工作. * [attrib 作定语] a television announcer电视节目主持人. 5 (idm 习语) on (the) `television broadcasting or being broadcast by television 电视播放的: * The Prime Minister, speaking on television, denied reports that... 首相在电视讲话中否认传说的... * Is there anything good on (the) television tonight? 今晚的电视有好节目吗? 派生： televise[5telivaiz; 5telE7vaiz] v [Tn] broadcast (sth) by television 以电视播放（某事）: * The BBC plans to televise all Shakespeare's plays. 英国广播公司计画播放莎士比亚的全部戏剧. * The Olympic Games are always televised. 奥林匹克运动会一向经电视播放.

telex
[5teleks; 5teleks] n 1 [U] system of communication using teleprinters 用户电报, 电传系统（使用电传打印机的传送系统）. 2 [C] message sent or received by this system 经用户电报发或收的消息; 电传: * Several telexes arrived this morning. 今天上午收到几份电传. 3 [C] (infml 口) apparatus for sending and receiving messages by telex 电传收发机; 电传机: * We've installed a new telex in the office. 我们在办公室里装了一台新电传机. 派生： telex v [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.f] send (a message) or communicate with (sb) by telex 以电传发出（消息）或与（某人）联系.

tell
[tel; tel] v (pt, pp told/tEuld; told] ) 1 [Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr, Dn.f, Dn.w] ~ sth (to sb) make sth known, esp in spoken or written words （用言语或文字）告知, 告诉, 讲述某事: * tell jokes/stories 讲笑话[故事] * I could tell you a thing or two about him. 我可以给你讲他的一两件事. * He told the news to everybody in the village. 他把那消息告诉了全村的人. * Did she tell you her name? 她告诉你姓名了吗? * They've told us (that) they're not coming. 他们已跟我们说过不来了. * Tell me where you live. 把你的住处告诉我. * I can't tell you (ie I can't find words to express) how happy I am. 我真不知道怎麽表达我的快乐. * So I've been told, ie That is what I've been told. 那就是我听说的事. 2 [Dn.n, Dn.f, Dn.w, Dn.t] give information to (sb) 向（某人）提供情况或信息: * a book which will tell you all you need to know about personal taxation 说明个人纳税须知的书 * This gauge tells you the amount of petrol you have left/how much petrol you have left. 这计量表可指示还剩多少汽油.3 [Tn] express (sth) in words; utter 说（某事）; 讲; 述: * tell the truth/lies/a lie 说实话[谎/谎话] * (dated 旧) tell (ie reveal) one's love 泄露个人的情人. =>Usage at say 用法见say. 4 [I] reveal a secret 泄露秘密: * Promise you won't tell. 你要保证不泄密. * (infml 口) kiss and tell, ie reveal one's love affairs 吐露个人的风流韵事. 5 (a) [I, Tf, Tw] decide or determine; know definitely 决定; 决心; 肯定; 确定: * It may rain or it may not. It's hard to tell. 天也许下雨, 也许不下. 说不准. * You can tell (that) he's angry when he starts shouting a lot. 他什麽时候一大喊大叫, 肯定是生气了. * How do you tell when to change gear? 你怎麽确定何时换挡? * The only way to tell if you like something is by trying it. 要确定是否喜欢某事物, 唯一的办法是试一下.

tell1
(b) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tw] ~ A from B (esp with can/could/be able to 尤与can/could/be able to连用) distinguish A from B 辨认A和B; 辨别; 识别: * I can't tell the difference between margarine and butter, ie can't identify them by their tastes. 我 不出人造黄油和黄油有什麽区别. * Can you tell Tom from his twin brother? 你能分辨出汤姆和他的孪生兄弟吗? * These kittens look exactly alike how can you tell which is which? 这些小猫看上去一模一样--你怎麽能分出哪个是哪个? 6 [I, Ipr] ~ (on sb) produce a noticeableeffect 产生能觉察出的效果; 起明显作用: * Every blow told. 每一击都打中了. * The government's policies are beginning to tell. 政府的政策开始发挥作用了. * All this hard work is telling on him, ie affecting his health, etc. 这些繁重的工作他已吃不消了（影响着他的健康等）. * Herlack of experience told against her, ie was a disadvantage to her. 她缺乏经验, 这对她很不利. 7 [Dn.t, Dn.w] order or direct (sb) 吩咐, 命令（某人）: * Tell him to wait. 叫他等一等. * Do what I tell you. 照我的吩咐做. * Children must do as they're told. 孩子必须听话. * You won't be told (ie won't obey orders or listen to advice), will you? 你不听话（不服从命令或不听从劝告）, 是不是? =>Usage at order2 用法见order2. 8 [Tn] (arch 古) count the number of (sth) 数（某物）的数目; 计算: * tell one's beads, ie say prayers while counting the beads on a rosary 边数念珠边祈祷. 9 (idm 习语) all told with all people, items, etc counted and included 将所有的人、 项目等都计算在内; 总共: * There are 23 guests coming, all told. 总共来了23位客人. dead men tell no tales => dead. hear tell of sb/sth => hear. I/I'll ,tell you `what (infml 口) (used to introduce a suggestion 用以提出建议): * I'll tell you what let's ask Fred to lend us his car. 我说--咱们去找弗雷德借汽车吧. I `told you (so) (infml 口) I warned you that this would happen 我提醒过你要出事; 我早就跟你说过:

tell2
* He loves to say `I told you so!’ when things go wrong. 只要一出事他就爱说‘我早就跟你说过吧!’ ,live, etc to ,tell the `tale survive a difficult or dangerous experience so that one can tell others what really happened 脱离困境或险境後向他人讲述事情的原委. tell/know A and B apart => apart. tell me a`nother! (infml 口) I don't believe you 我不相信. tell/see sth a mile off => mile. tell its own tale explain itself, without need of further explanation or comment 本身即可说明问题: * The many crashes on the icy roads told their own tale. 路上结冰发生多起撞车事故, 路面情况已不言而喻. tell `tales (aboutsb) make known another person's secrets, misdeeds, faults, etc 揭人隐密; 揭人之短: * Someone's been telling tales about me, haven't they? 有人总在揭我的短处, 是不是? tell `that to the marines! (sl 俚) I don't believe you 我不相信. tell the `time (US tell `time) read the time from a clock, etc 说出钟表等指示的时间: * She's only five she can't tell the time yet. 她才五岁--还不会看表. tell sb ,where to get `off/,where he gets`off (infml 口) warn sb that his behaviour is unacceptableand will no longer be tolerated 警告某人其行为已令人无法忍受. ,tell the `world announce sth publicly 将某事公之於世. there is ,no `telling it is impossible to know 不可能知道: * There's no telling what may happen. 不可能知道会发生什麽事. * As to his plans, there's simply no telling. 至於他的计画, 根本就无法得知. to ,tell (you) the `truth (used to introduce a confession or an admission 用以引出自白或承认的话): * To tell the truth, I fell asleep in the middle. 老实说, 我在中间睡着了. you can ,never `tell; you ,never can `tell you can never be sure, eg because appearances are often deceptive 谁也不知道（如因外表常靠不住）. you're telling `me! (infml 口) I completely agree with you 这还用你说; 我早就知道.

tell3
10 (phr v) tell sb off (for sth/doing sth) (infml 口) scold or reprimand sb 斥责或责骂某人: * You'll get told off if you're caught doing that. 要是发现你做那种事, 你就得挨骂. * I told the boys off for making so much noise. 那些男孩子很吵闹, 我把他们骂了一顿. tell sb off for sth/to do sth (fml 文) assign (a task or duty) to sb 给某人指定（任务或差事）: * Six men were told off to collect fuel. 派了六个人去收集燃料. tell on sb (infml 口) reveal sb's activities, esp to a person in authority 揭发某人的活动（尤指向负责人报告）: * John caught his sister smoking and told on her. 约翰发现他姐姐吸烟就给告了一状. 派生： telling adj have a noticeable effect; impressive 有明显效果的; 显着的: a telling argument 有力的论据 * His punches to his opponent's body proved especially telling. 他打在对手身上的重拳显然非常有力. tellingly adv. 复合： ,telling-`off n (usu sing 通常作单数) reprimand; scolding 斥责; 责骂: give sb a telling-off for sth 为某事而斥责某人. `tell-tale n 1 person who reports another's secrets, misdeeds, etc 泄密者; 告发者: Don't be such a tell-tale! 别去告密! 2 mechanical device that serves as an indicator 指示器. adj [attrib 作定语] revealing or indicating sth 泄露或显示某事的: a tell-tale blush 泄露真情而呈现的面色绯红 * the tell-tale smell of cigarette smoke, ie revealing that sb has been smoking 明显的香烟气味（可见有人吸过香烟）.

teller
[5telE(r); 5tell] n 1 person who receives and paysout money in a bank （银行的）出纳员. 2 person appointedto count votes, eg in the House of Commons （投票时的）计票员（如下议院中者）. 3 (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) person who tells stories, etc 讲故事等的人; 讲述者: * a story-teller 讲故事的人 * a marvellous teller of jokes 笑话讲得很精彩的人.

telly
[5teli; 5teli] n [U, C] (Brit infml 口) = television.

temerity
[ti'merEti; tE'merEti] n [U] (fml 文) audacity; rashness 鲁莽; 冒失: * He had the temerity to call me a liar. 他竟胆敢说我撒谎.

temp
[temp; temp] n (infml 口) temporary employee, esp a secretary 临时雇员（尤指秘书）. 派生： temp v [I] (infml 口) do temporary work 做临时工作: He's been temping for over a year now and wants a permanent job. 他做临时工作已一年多了, 想找个固定的工作.

temper
1[5tempE(r); 5templ] n 1 (a) [C] state of the mind as regards anger or calmness 心情; 心境; 脾气; 性情: * in a bad/good temper, ie angry/amiable 心情坏[好]. (b) [C, U] tendency to become angry easily 脾气; 容易发怒的性情: * learn to control one's temper 学会忍住脾气 * have a (short/quick/nasty) temper 脾气急[暴/坏] * fly into a temper 发怒 * a fit of temper 发脾气. 2 [U] degree of hardness and elasticity of a tempered metal （金属回火後的）硬度和弹性. 3 (idm 习语) in a (bad, foul, rotten, etc) `temper angry 发怒; 发脾气. keep/lose one's `temper succeed/fail in controlling one's anger 忍住[发]脾气. 派生： -tempered[-tempEd; -templd] (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having or showing the specified type of temper 有或显出某种性情、 脾气的:,good-/,bad-`tempered * a ,hot-tempered `man * a ,sweet-tempered `child.

tempera
[5tempErE; 5tempErE] n [U] 1 paint consisting of pigment mixed with yolk or white of egg and water 蛋彩画颜料（用颜料与蛋黄或蛋清及水调成）. 2 method of painting on canvas or plaster using this 蛋彩画法.

temperament
[5temprEmEnt; 5temprEmEnt] n [C, U] person's nature as it affects the way he thinks, feels and behaves 气质; 性情; 禀性: * I've got a very nervous temperament. 我很神经质. * a man with an artistic temperament 有艺术家气质的男子 * The two brothers have entirely different temperaments. 他们兄弟俩的性情完全不同. * To be a champion, skill is not enough you have to have the right temperament. 要当冠军, 光有技巧还不够--还必须有相应的禀赋. * Opera singers often display a lot of temperament, ie are moody or excitable. 歌剧演员的性情常常不稳定（情绪多变或爱激动）. 派生： temperamental[7temprE'mentl; 7temprE'mentl] adj 1 caused by a person's temperament 由人的气质引起的; 生来的: * a temperamental aversion to hard work 生性厌恶艰苦的工作. 2 (often derog 常作贬义) having or showing fits of excitable or moody behaviour; not calm or consistent 神经质的; 不冷静的; 变化无常的: * He's avery temperamental player, ie plays well or badly accordingto his mood. 他是个情绪波动的演员（演得好坏由心情而定）. * (joc 谑) My car is a bit temperamental, ie is likely to break down, fail to start, etc. 我的汽车没准脾气（可能出毛病、 发动不起来等）. temperamentally[-tEli; -tli] adv: * temperamentally unsuited for the job 气质上不适合那项工作.

temperance
[5tempErEns; 5tempErEns] n [U] 1 moderation and self-restraint in one's behaviour or in eating and drinking （在行为或饮食上）节制, 自制, 克己. 2 drinking no (or almost no) alcoholic drinks （近於）滴酒不沾, 戒酒, 禁酒: * [attrib 作定语] a temperance society, ie one promoting temperance 戒酒协会（提倡戒酒者） * a temperance hotel, ie one that does not serve alcoholic drinks 禁酒饭店（不供应酒者）.

temperate
[5tempErEt; 5tempErit] adj 1 behaving with temperance(1); showing self-control （行为）有节制的; 克制的: * Please be more temperate in your language. 在言语上请再克制一些. 2 (of climate or climatic regions) having a mild temperature without extremes of heat or cold （指气候或有某种气候的地区）温和的: * temperate zones 温带. > temperately adv.

temperature
[5temprEtFE(r); - 'tempErtFuEr; 5templ-7tFur] n 1 [C, U] degree of heat or cold (in a body, room, country, etc) 温度; 体温; 室温; 气温: * keep the house at an even temperature 保持房内恒温 * heat the oven to a temperature of 200C 使烤箱的温度升至200摄氏度 * Some places have had temperatures in the 90's, ie over 90 Fahrenheit. 有些地方的温度超过90华氏度. * a climate without extremes of temperature 气温不特别高也不特别低的气候. =>App 4, 5 见附录4、 5. 2 (idm 习语) get/have/run a `temperature get/have an abnormally high temperature of the body 体温过高;发烧. raise the temperature => raise. take sb's `temperature measure the temperature of sb's body with a thermometer （以温度计）量某人的体温; 试体温: * The nurse took the temperatures of all the patients. 那位护士为所有的病人量了体温.

tempest
[5tempist; 5tempist] n 1 violent storm 暴风雨; 风暴. 2 (idm 习语) a tempest in a teapot (US) = a storm in a teacup (storm). 派生： tempestuous/tem'pestFuEs; tem'pestFuEs] adj stormy; violently agitated; turbulent 有暴风雨的; 激烈的; 剧烈的; 骚动的; 动乱的: * a tempestuous sea 波涛汹涌的海洋 * a tempestuous political debate 激烈的政治辩论. tempestuously adv. tempestuousness n [U].

template
[5templeit; 5templit] n pattern or gauge, usu of thin board or metal, used as a guide for cutting or drilling metal, stone, wood, etc or for cutting fabric （切割或钻穿金属、 石料、 木材等或剪裁织物的）样板, 模板, 型板.

temple
1[5templ; 5templ] n building used for the worship of a god or gods, esp in non-Christian religions 庙; 寺; 神殿（尤指非基督教者）: * a Greek, Roman, Hindu, Buddhist,etc temple 希腊、 罗马、 印度教、 佛教等的庙宇.

tempo
[5tempEu; 5tempo] n (pl ~s or, in music, 音乐术语复数作 tempi[5tempi:; 5tempi] ) 1 speed or rhythm of a piece of music 乐曲的速度或拍子: * Your tempo is too slow. 你演奏的速度太慢了. * in waltz tempo 以华尔兹的拍子. 2 (fig 比喻) pace of any movement or activity （运动或活动的）速度, 进度: * the exhausting tempo of city life 令人精疲力竭的城市生活节奏 * upset the even tempo of one's existence 打乱生活规律.

temporal
[5tempErEl; 5tempErEl] adj 1 of worldly affairs, ie not spiritual; secular 世俗的（即非宗教的）; 现世的: * the temporal power of the Pope, ie as head of the Vatican State 教皇在世俗方面的权力 * the lords temporal, ie British peers of the realm 世俗议员（英国上议院中非主教的贵族议员）. Cf 参看 spiritual2. 2 (grammar) of or denoting time 时间的; 表示时间的: * temporal conjunctions, eg when, while 表示时间的连词（如when、 while）. 3 of the temple(s) of the head 太阳穴的; 颞部的; 颞的: * the temporal artery 颞动脉.

temporary
[5temprEri; - -pEreri; 7tempE'reri] adj lasting or meant to last for a limited time only; notpermanent 暂时的; 临时的; 一时的; 非永久的: * temporaryemployment 临时工作 * a temporary bridge 临时桥 * This arrangement is only temporary. 这只是暂时的安排. Cf 参看 impermanent. > temporarily[5temprErEli; - 7tempE'rerEli; 7tempE'rerEli] adv. temporariness n [U].

temporize, temporise
[5tempEraiz; 5tempE7raiz] v [I] (fml 文) delay making a decision, giving a definite answer or stating one's purpose, in order to gain time 拖延（暂不作决定、 作答覆或说明目的以争取时间）; 敷衍: * a temporizing move 一步缓棋.

tempt
[tempt; tempt] v [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.t] ~ sb (into sth/doing sth) 1 persuade or try to persuade sb to do sth, esp sth wrong or unwise 劝说或鼓动某人做某事（尤指错事、 傻事）; 怂: * He was tempted into a life of crime by greed and laziness. 他受贪婪和懒惰的驱使步入了罪恶的一生. * They tried to tempt her (into staying) with offers of promotion. 他们提出给她晋级来劝说她（留下）. * Nothing would tempt me to join the army. 什麽也不能引诱我参军. 2 arouse a desire in sb; attract sb 引起某人的欲望; 吸引某人: * The warm weather tempted us into going for a swim. 暖和的天气诱使我们去游泳. * I am tempted(ie feel inclined) to take the day off. 我打算休一天假. 3 (idm 习语) tempt `fate/`providence act rashly; take a risk 鲁莽; 冒险. 派生： tempter n 1 [C] person who tempts 引诱者; 诱惑者. 2 the Tempter [sing] the Devil; Satan 魔鬼; 撒旦. tempting adj attractive; inviting 吸引人的; 诱人的;有诱惑力的; 动人的: a tempting offer 诱人的提议 *That cake looks very tempting. 那蛋糕的样子很吸引人. temptingly adv. temptress[5temptris; 5temptris] n (usu joc 通常作戏谑语) woman who tempts, esp sexually 引诱人的女子（尤指性方面）.

temptation
[temp'teiFn; temp'teFEn] n 1 [U] tempting or tempted 劝诱; 诱惑: * the temptation of easy profits 容易获利的诱惑 * yield/give way to temptation 经不住诱惑 * put temptation in sb's way, ie tempt him 引诱某人.2 [C] thing that tempts or attracts 有诱惑力或吸引力之物: * The bag of sweets on the table was too strong a temptation for the child to resist. 桌上那包糖果对那孩子是个难以抗拒的诱惑. * Clever advertisements are just temptations to spend money. 巧妙的广告诱使人花钱.

ten
[ten; ten] pron, det 1 10; one more than nine 10, 十（个）. =>App 4 见附录4. 2 (idm 习语) ,ten to `one very probably 十之八九; 非常可能地: * Ten to one he'll be late. 十之八九他会迟到. 派生： ten n the number 10 *10; 十. ten- (in compounds 用以构成复合词) having ten of the thing specified 有十个...的: a ten-gallon drum 容量为十加仑的桶. tenth/tenW; tenW] pron, det 10th; next after ninth 第10, 第十（个）. n one of ten equal parts of sth -tenable /// [5tenEbl; 5tenEbl] adj 1 that can be defended successfully against opposition or attack 可防守的; 守得住的; 可维护或防护的: * a tenable position 可防守的位置 * The view that the earth is flat is no longer tenable. 认为地球是平的这一观点站不住脚了. 2 [pred 作表语] ~ (for...) (of an office or postion) that can be held (for a certain time) （指职务或职位）可保有, 可维持（一定时间）: * The lectureship is tenable for a period of three years. 讲师这一职位任期叁年. > tenability[7tenE'bilEti;7tenE'bilEti] n [U].

tenacious
[ti'neiFEs; ti'neFEs] adj 1 sticking or clinging firmly together or to an object 粘牢的; 粘住的; 抓牢的; 抓紧的: * The eagle seized its prey in a tenacious grip. 鹰将捕获物紧紧抓住. 2 keeping a firm hold on property, principles, life, etc; resolute 紧握的; 不放松的; 坚决的: * a tenacious adversary 紧逼不放的对手 * She is tenacious in defence of her rights. 她坚决维护自己的权利. 3 (of memory) retentive; not forgetting things （指记忆力）持久的, 强的; 记性好的. > tenaciously adv: * Though seriously ill, he still clings tenaciously to life. 他虽病得很重, 但仍顽强地活下去. tenacity/ti'nsEti; ti'nAsEti] n [U].

tenant
[5tenEnt; 5tenEnt] n 1 person who pays rent to a landlord for the use of a room, a building, land, etc 房客; 租户; 佃户: * evict tenants for non-payment of rent 赶出未付房租的房客 * [attrib 作定语] a tenant farmer, ie one who farms land which he does not own 佃农. 2 (law 律) person who occupies or owns a particular building or piece of land （建 物或土地的）占用者, 占有者. 派生： tenancy[-Ensi; -Ensi] (a) [U] use of land or buildings as a tenant(1) 租用; 租赁: * during his tenancy of the farm 在他租用该农场期间. (b) [C] period of this 租用或租赁期: * hold a life tenancy of a house 终生租用某所房子. tenantry[5tenEntri; 5tenEntri] n [Gp] all the tenants occupying land or buildings on one estate （某一地产或房产的）全体佃户或房客. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: A tenant occupies a flat, a building, a farm, etc but does not own it. *tenant（房客或佃户）占用公寓、 建 物、 农场等, 但并非所有者. He or she pays money (rent) regularly for its use to the landlord, who is the owner 房客或佃户定期付给landlord（房主或地主）租金（rent）: Are you an owner-occupier or a tenant? 你住自己的房子还是租房住? * He's a tenant farmer. 他是佃农. * His landlord owns 5000 acres. 他的地主有5000英亩土地. A similar relationship exists between a lessee and a lessor, which are legal terms. 表示上述两者关系的词还有lessee（承租人）和lessor（出租人）, 是法律用语. They both sign a lease (a written legal agreement defining the terms of the tenancy) 双方共同签订lease（合同）--规定tenancy（租赁）条款的法律性书面协议: The lessor can evict the lessee for failure to pay rent. 出租人可驱逐不付租金的承租人.

tench
[tentF; tentF] n (pl unchanged 复数不变) Europeanfreshwater fish of the carp family 丁臝岁（欧洲产鲤鱼科淡水鱼）.

tend
1[tend; tend] v [Tn] 1 take care of or look after (sb/sth) 照料, 照管（某人[某事物]）: * nurses tending (the wounds of) the injured 照料受伤者的护士 * shepherds tending their sheep 照管羊的牧人. 2 (US) serve customers in (a shop, bar, etc) 在（店铺、 酒吧等）中接待顾客: * tend the store 照看店铺.

tendentious
[ten'denFEs; ten'denFEs] adj (derog 贬) (of a speech, a piece of writing, etc) aimed at helping a cause; not impartial （指演说、 文章等）宣传性的,不公平的, 有倾向性的: * Such tendentious statements are likely to provoke strong opposition. 这种有倾向性 的说法可能招致强烈的反对. > tendentiously adv. tendentiousness n [U].

tender
1[5tendE(r); 5tendl] adj 1 easily damaged or hurt; delicate 易受伤害的; 脆弱的; 纤弱的: * tender blossoms, plants, shoots, etc, eg that can be harmed by frost 娇嫩的花、 树木、 幼芽等（如易遭霜冻）. 2 painful when touched; sensitive 有触痛的; 敏感的: * My leg is still very tender where it was bruised. 我腿上碰伤的部位仍有触痛. * That's a rather tender subject, ie one that must be dealt with carefully to avoid hurting people's feelings. 那是个相当敏感的问题（须小心处理以免伤人感情者）. 3 easily moved to pity or sympathy; kind 心肠软的; 善良的: * a tender heart 软心肠. 4 loving; gentle 亲切的; 温和的; 文雅的: * tender looks 温和的表情 * tender loving care 悉心、 亲切的照顾 * be a tender parent 做慈母 * bid sb a tender farewell 与某人亲切地道别. 5 (of meat) easy to chew; not tough （指肉）嫩的, 易咀嚼的, 柔软的. 6 (idm 习语) at a tender `age/of tender `age young and immature 年幼而未成熟的. 派生： tenderize, -ise[5tendEraiz; 5tendE7raiz] v [Tn] make (meat) more tender (eg by beating it) 使（肉）变软（如经捶打）: * tenderized steak 捶软的肉排. tenderly adv. tenderness n [U]. 复合： `tenderfoot n (pl -foots) newcomer who is unused to hardships; inexperienced person 尚未习惯於吃苦的新来者; 无经验者; 生手. ,tender-`hearted adj having a kind and gentle nature; tender(4) 生性善良的; 仁慈的. `tenderloin n [U] (also ,tenderloin `steak) (esp US) most tender middle part of a loin of beef or pork （牛或猪的腰部中间的）嫩腰肉, 里脊. Cf 参看 undercut1.

tendon
[5tendEn; 5tendEn] n strong band or cord of tissuethat joins muscle to bone; sinew 腱: * strain a tendon 扭伤腱.

tendril
[5tendrEl; 5tendrEl] n thread-like part of a climbingplant (eg ivy) by which it clings to a support （攀缘植物如常春藤的）卷须.

tenement
[5tenEmEnt; 5tenEmEnt] n 1 apartment or room let for living in （出租的）公寓, 房间. 2 (US also `tenement-house) large building with apartments or rooms let to a number of families at low rents 廉租公寓（多户合租, 租金低廉的大房或屋）. 3 (law 律) land or other permanent property held by a tenant （承租者的）保有物, 占有物, 享有物.

tenet
[5tenit; 5tenit] n principle; belief; doctrine 原则; 信条; 教义; 教条: * one of the basic tenets of the Christian faith 基督教信仰的基本信条之一.

tenner
[5tenE(r); 5tenl] n (Brit infml 口) (note worth) ten pounds sterling; 10 十英镑（的纸币）; 10英镑: * I'll give you a tenner for your old bike. 我出十英镑买你的旧自行车.

tennis
[5tenis; 5tenis] n [U] (also ,lawn `tennis) game for two or four players, who hit a ball backwards and forwards across a net with rackets 网球. =>App 4 见附录4. Cf 参看 real tennis (real). 复合： `tennis court marked area on which tennis is played 网球场. ,tennis `elbow painful swelling of the elbow caused by playing tennis, etc 网球肘（因打网球等引起的肘部肿痛）.

tenon
[5tenEn; 5tenEn] n projecting end of a piece of wood shaped to fit into a mortise to make a joint 榫; 榫头; 榫子.

tenor
1[5tenE(r); 5tenl] n [U] the ~ of sth 1 general routine or course of sth （某事的）常规, 进展方向: * disrupting the even tenor of her life 打乱她的生活规律. 2 general meaning or drift of sth （某事的）要旨, 大意: * know enough of the language to grasp the tenor of what is being said 懂得该种语言足以了解对方谈话的大意.

tenpin bowling
[7tenpin 'bEuliN; 7tenpin 'boliN] (USalso tenpins[5tenpinz; 5ten7pinz] [pl]) game like ninepins,but with an extra skittle 十柱保龄球戏. Cf 参看 skittle.

tense
1[tens; tens] adj (-r, -st) 1 stretched tightly; taut 拉紧的; 紧张的. 2 with muscles tight in anticipation of what may happen （因预料要出事）肌肉 紧的: * faces tense with anxiety 因焦急而显得紧张的面孔. 3 unable to relax; edgy 不能松弛的; 神经紧张的; 易怒的: * He's a very tense person. 他是个神经紧张的人. 4 causing tenseness 引起紧张的; 令人紧张的: * a tense moment, atmosphere, meeting 令人感到紧张的时刻、 气氛、 会议 * The game is getting tenser all the time. 比赛自始至终越来越紧张. 派生： tense v 1 [Tn] 2 (cause sb/sth to) become tense(2) （使某人[某事物]）变得紧张: She tensed, hearing the noise again. 她再次听到那个声音就紧张起来. * with muscles tensed, waiting for the race to start 肌肉紧 着,等待起跑. 3 (idm 习语) be/get tensed `up be/becometense(3) 变得神经紧张: Players get very tensed up before a match. 运动员在比赛前都感到神经紧张. tensely adv. tenseness n [U].

tensile
[5tensail; - 'tensl; 5tensl] adj 1 [attrib 作定语] of tension 拉力的; 张力的; 紧张的: * the tensile strength ofwire, rope, etc, ie the load it will support without breaking金属线、 绳索等的抗拉强度. 2 that can be stretched 可延展的; 可伸长的; 可伸延的.

tent
[tent; tent] n (usu portable) shelter or dwelling madeof canvas, etc supported by poles and ropes attached to pegs driven into the ground （通常指便携式的）帐篷, 帐棚: * camping in tents 在帐篷中露营. 复合： `tent-peg n wooden or metal peg used to fasten a rope supporting a tent, etc to the ground 帐篷桩（用以把帐篷等的绳索固定於地上者）. =>illus at peg 见peg插图.

tentacle
[5tentEkl; 5tentEkl] n slender flexible part extending from the body of certain animals (eg snails, octopuses), used for feeling or grasping things or for moving 触须; 触角; 触手.

tentative
[5tentEtiv; 5tentEtiv] adj done, said, etc to test sth; hesitant or exploratory; not definite or decisive 试验性质的; 踌躇的; 试探性的; 不确定的; 非决定性的: * makea tentative suggestion, proposal, plan, etc 提出试探性的建议、 提案、 计画等 * reach a tentative conclusion 得出暂时的结论. > tentatively adv: * played rather too tentatively 演奏得太不果断. tentativeness n [U].

tenterhooks
[5tentEhuks; 5tentl7huks] n (idm 习语) (be) on `tenterhooks in a state of anxious suspense oruncertainty 忧虑不安; 不确定: * We were kept on tenterhooksfor hours while the judges were deciding the winners. 我们在等待裁判员裁决出优胜者, 几个小时如坐针毡.

tenth
=> ten.

tenuous
[5tenjuEs; 5tenjuEs] adj 1 thin; slender 薄的; 细的: * the tenuous threads of a spider's web 蜘蛛网的细丝. 2 having little substance or significance; very slight 空洞无物的; 无关紧要的; 细微的: * tenuous distinctions 细微的区别 * preserve tenuous links with one's former friends 与过去的朋友维持不即不离的联系 * The difference, if it exists, is extremely tenuous. 这种差别即使存在也是微不足道的. > tenuously adv. tenuousness(also fml 庄重语作 tenuity/ti'nju:Eti; - te'nu:-; ten'uEti] ) n [U].

tenure
[5tenjuE(r); - -jEr; 5tenjl] n [U] 1 holding of (eg political) office or land or other property, etc （职位, 如政治地位, 土地或其他资产等的）保有. 2 period or manner of this （上述事物的）保有期, 保有状况, 保有权, 保有条件: * The tenure of the US Presidency is four years.美国总统的任期是四年. * freehold/leasehold tenure 无限期完全保有的[租赁保有的]状况 * security of tenure, ie the right to remain as a tenant 承租人使用权的保障. 3 (esp US) permanent appointment as a teacher, etc in a university or some other institution （大学或其他机构中教师等的）长期聘用: * granted tenure after six years 六年之後受长期聘用.

tepee
[5ti:pi:; 5tipi] n cone-shaped tent made of skins orbark on a frame of poles, used (esp formerly) by AmericanIndians （兽皮或树皮制的）圆锥帐篷（尤指旧时美洲印第安人使用的）. Cf 参看 wigwam.

tepid
[5tepid; 5tepid] adj lukewarm 温的; 不冷不热的:The water was tepid. 那水是温的. * (fig 比喻) tepid applause稀稀拉拉的掌声. > tepidly adv. tepidness (also tepidity/ti'pidEti; ti'pidEti] ) n [U].

tequila
[tE'ki:lE; tE'kilE] n (a) [U] strong alcoholic drink distilled from a tropical plant, chiefly in Mexico 龙舌兰酒（主要产於墨西哥）. (b) [C] glass of this 一杯龙舌兰酒.

tercentenary
[7tE:sen'ti:nEri; - tE:'sentEneri; tE'sentE7neri] (also tercentennial[7tE:sen'teniEl; 7tEsen'teniEl] )n 300th anniversary 300周年纪念: * the tercentenary of the school's foundation 建校叁百周年纪念 * [attrib 作定语] tercentenary celebrations 叁百周年庆典. 派生： tercentennial adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of a tercentenary 叁百周年的.

term
[tE:m; tEm] n 1 period of time for which sth lasts; fixed or limited time 期间; 期限: * a long term of imprisonment长期监禁 * during the President's first term of office 在该总统的首届任期. 2 (fml 文) end or completion of such a period of time 期间或期限的终止或完结; 到期; 期满: * a pregnancy approaching its term 妊娠期满 * His life had reached its natural term. 他已尽其天年. 3 any of the three or four periods in the year during which classes are held in schools, universities, etc （学校的）学期: * the autumn/spring/summer term 秋[春/夏]季学期 * end-of-term examinations 期终考试 * during/in term(-time) 在学期当中. Cf 参看 semester. 4 (law 律) period of time during which a lawcourt holds sessions 法庭的开庭期. 5 word or phrase used as the name or symbol of sth （用作某事物名称或象徵的）词或词组, 术语, 说法: * `The nick' is a slang term for `prison'. the nick一词是俚语, 意为‘班房’. * technical, legal, scientific, etc terms 技术、 法律、 科学等的术语. 6 (mathematics 数) each of the quantities or expressions in a series, ratio, etc （数列、 比例等的）项. 7 (idm 习语) a contradiction in terms => contradiction (contradict). in the `long/`short term in the distant/near future 长[短]期: * We must aim for world peace in the long term. 我们要争取持久的世界和平. 派生： term v [Cn.a, Cn.n] (fml 文) call (sth/sb) by a certain term(5); name 用某词语称（某事物[某人]）; 将（某事物[某人]）称做: term an offer unacceptable 把一提议称做是难以接受的 * a type of music that is termed plainsong 称为素歌的一种音乐.

termagant
[5tE:mEgEnt; 5tEmEgEnt] n bad-tempered bullying woman 泼妇; 悍妇.

terminable
[5tE:minEbl; 5tEminEbl] adj (fml 文) that can be terminated 可终止的; 有期限的: * a contract terminable at a month's notice 可在通知後一个月终止的合同.

terminal
[5tE:minl; 5tEmEnl] adj 1 of the last stage in a fatal disease （致命疾病的）晚期的, 末期的: * His illness isterminal, ie cannot be cured. 他的病已到末期. * terminalcancer 晚期癌症 * the `terminal ward, ie in a hospital, for patients who are dying 末期病人病房 * a terminal case, ie a patient who is terminally ill 病危患者. 2 of or taking place each term(3) （每）学期的: * terminal examinations, inspections, accounts 期终考试、 检查、 报告. 3 of, forming or situated at the end or boundary of sth 末端的; 终点的; 分界处的: * a terminal marker 终点的标志. 派生： terminal n 1 (building at the) end of a railway line, bus route, etc （铁路、 公共汽车等的）终点, 终点站. Cf 参看 terminus. 2 building at an airport or in a town where air passengers arrive and depart （机场或城市中的）航空集散站. 3 point of connection in an electric circuit （电路的）接头: the positive/negative terminals, eg of a battery 正[负]极（如电池的）. 4 (computing 计) apparatus, usu consisting of a keyboard and screen, forcommunicating with the central processor in a computingsystem （计算机系统的）终端机. terminally[-nEli; -nli] adv: * a hospice for the terminally ill 收治垂危患者的医院.

terminate
[5tE:mineit; 5tEmE7net] v [I, Tn] (fml 文) come to an end or bring (sth) to an end 结束; 使（某事）终止, 终结: * The meeting terminated in disorder. 会议在混乱中结束. * terminate sb's contract 终止某人的合同 * terminate a pregnancy, eg by means of an abortion 终止妊娠（堕胎）.

termination
[7tE:mi'neiFn; 7tEmE'neFEn] n 1 (a) [C, U] point at which or way in which sth ends 终点; 结局; 终止; 结束: * the termination of one's contract 合同的终止. (b) [C] (medical 医) ending of a pregnancy with the death of the unborn child; abortion 终止妊娠; 堕胎. 2 [C] final part or letter of a word, eg in an inflexion or derivation 词尾, 词的末一字母（如词尾变化或派生词中者）.

terminology
[7tE:mi'nClEdVi; 7tEmE'nalEdVi] n 1 [U, C]technical terms of a particular subject （某学科的）专门用语, 术语: * a word not used except in medical terminology 仅用於医学的专业词 * various scientific terminologies 科学方面的各种术语. 2 [U] proper use of words asnames or symbols 术语的正确使用; 术语用法: * problems,differences of terminology 术语用法上的问题、 不同之处. > terminological[7tE:minE'lCdVikl; 7tEminE'ladVikl] adj. terminologically adv: * terminologically incorrect 术语方面的错误.

terminus
[5tE:minEs; 5tEmEnEs] n (pl -ni[5tE:minai;'tEmi7nai] or ~es[-nEsiz; -nEsiz] ) (a) station at the end of a railway line （铁路的）终点站. (b) last stop on a bus route, etc （公共汽车等的）终点站. Cf 参看 terminaln 1.

termite
[5tE:mait; 5tEmait] n small insect, found chiefly in tropical areas, that is very destructive to timber (popularly called white ant, but not of the ant family) 白蚁.

tern
[tE:n; tEn] n sea-bird with long pointed wings and a forked tail 燕鸥.

terra firma
[7terE 'fE:mE; 5terE'fEmE] dry land; the ground (contrasted with water or air) 陆地, 大地（与水或空中相对）: * glad to be on terra firma again, eg after a trip by boat or aeroplane 又回到陆地上, 很高兴（如下船或下飞机时）.

terrace
[5terEs; 5terEs] n 1 raised level area of ground or a series of these into which a hillside is shaped so that it can be cultivated 台地; 梯田. 2 flight of wide shallow steps, eg for spectators at a sports ground （梯级宽且矮的）台阶（如运动场之看台）. 3 paved area beside a house （房侧的）铺砌地面. Cf 参看 patio. 4 continuous row of similarly designed houses in one block 排房（设计相同的一排房屋）: * 6 Olympic Terrace, ie in a postal address 奥林匹克排房6号（通信地址） * [attrib 作定语] a terrace-house, ie one of those in such a row 一所排房（上述排房中的一所）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page vi. 派生： terrace v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] form (sth) into a terrace or terraces 使（某物）成梯田形或台阶形: a terraced hillside 阶梯状的山坡.

terracotta
[7terE'kCtE; 5terE'katE] n [U] 1 unglazed reddish-brown pottery 无釉赤陶: * [attrib 作定语] a terracotta vase 赤陶花瓶. 2 its colour 赤褐色; 土红色.

terrain
[ tE5reIn or, in British use, 英式英语读作 5tereIn; tZ`ren] n [C, U] stretch of land, with regard to its natural features 地形; 地貌; 地势; 地带: * difficult terrain for cycling 骑自行车难以行走的地带 * [attrib 作定语] an all-terrain vehicle 全地形式的车.

terrapin
[5terEpin; 5terEpin] n any of various types of edible freshwater tortoise of N America 水龟（产於北美淡水中, 可食）.

terrestrial
[tE'restriEl; tE'restriEl] adj 1 of or living on land 陆地的; 陆生的; 陆栖的: * the terrestrial parts of the world 地球的陆地部分 * terrestrial species 陆栖种类.2 of the planet earth 地球的. Cf 参看 celestial. > terrestrially[-triEli; -triEli] adv.

terrier
[5teriE(r); 5teril] n any of various types of small active dog （某些种类的）活泼的小狗: * a fox terrier, ie one used for hunting foxes 猎狐狗.

terrific
[tE'rifik; tE'rifik] adj (infml 口) 1 very great; extreme 很大的; 极端的: * a terrific storm 狂风暴雨 *driving at a terrific speed 以极高的速度驾驶. 2 excellent; wonderful 极好的; 了不起的: * doing a terrific job 干得很棒 * The view was terrific. 景色美极了. 派生： terrifically[-kli; -kli] adv (infml 口) extremely 极度地: * terrifically clever, generous, rich 非常聪明、 大方、 富有.

terrify
[5terifai; 5terE7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn] fill (sb) with terror; make very frightened 使（某人）感到恐怖; 使害怕: * terrified his children with ghost stories 讲鬼故事吓坏了他的孩子 * a terrifying experience 可怕的经历. 派生： terrified adj ~ (of sb/sth)[(at sth) feeling terror; very afraid （对某人[某事物]）感到恐惧的, 很害怕的: terrified of spiders, heights, the dark 惧怕蜘蛛、 登高、 黑暗 * I'm terrifed at the prospect of being alone in the house. 我要是自己呆在一所房子里就很害怕.

terrine
[5teri:n; te'rin] n [U, C] paste made of cooked meat; pate （熟的）肉糜; 肉酱.

territorial
[7terE'tC:riEl; 7terE'tCriEl] adj of a country'sterritory 领土的: * territorial possessions 领土 * have territorialclaims against another country, ie claim part of its territory向另一国提出领土要求（要求该国部分领土）. 派生： Territorial n (Brit) member of the Territorial Army 国防义勇军士兵. 复合： ,Territorial `Army (Brit) military force of part-time volunteers trained for the defence of Great Britain （英国）国防义勇军. ,territorial `waters the sea near a country's coast and under its control 领海: fishing illegally in foreign territorial waters 在他国领海非法捕鱼.

territory
[5terEtri; - -tC:ri; 5terE7tCri] n 1 [C, U] (area of) land under the control of a ruler, country, city, etc 领土（的范围）: * Turkish territory in Europe 土耳其在欧洲部分的领土 * occupying enemy territory 占领敌方的土地 * new territories 新的领土. 2 Territory [C] country or area forming part of the US, Australia or Canada but not ranking as a state or province （美国、 澳大利亚或加拿大的）未列为州或省的地方: * North West Territory 西北地区. 3 [C, U] (extent of the) area for which sb has responsibility or over which a salesman, etc operates（某人负责的）地区（范围）; （推销员等的）营业地区: * Our representatives travel over a very large territory. 我们的推销员活动地区很广. * How much territory does this medical practice cover? 这一医疗服务包括的地区有多大? 4 [C, U] (extent of the) area claimed or dominated by one person, group or animal and defended against others （个人、 团体或动物占据的）领域: * He seems to regard that end of the office as his territory, ie He resents anyone else using it. 他把办公室的那一头看成是他的地盘. * Mating blackbirds will defend their territory against intruders. 黑鹂交配时不容许地盘受到外来的滋扰. 5 [C] area of knowledge or activity （知识或活动的）范围, 领域: * Legal problems are very much Andrew's territory, ie He handles them. 法律方面的问题主要是由安德鲁负责处理.

terror
[5terE(r); 5terl] n 1 (a) [U] extreme fear 恐怖; 惊骇: * run away in terror 惊慌地跑开 * scream with terror 吓得尖叫起来 * be in terror of one's life, ie afraid of being killed 为自己的生命安全担惊受怕 * strike terror into (ie terrify) sb 使某人胆战心惊. (b) [C] instance of this 恐怖的事: * have a terror of heights 害怕登高 * The terrors of the night were past. 夜间的那些恐怖事都已成过去. 2 [C] terrifying person or thing 可怕的人或事物: * hooligans who are a terror to/the terror of the entire town 使全城人都恐惧的流氓 * Death holds no terrors for (ie does not frighten) me. 死神吓不倒我. 3 [C] (infml 口) formidable or troublesome person or thing 令人惧怕或讨厌的人或事物: * My aunt can be a bit of a terror. 我姑姑有时候还真有点讨人厌. * That puppy is an absolute terror, ie a great nuisance. 那只小狗讨厌极了. 4 (idm 习语) a holy terror => holy. 派生： terrorism[5terErizEm; 5terE7rizEm] n [U] use ofviolence and threats of violence, esp for political purposes恐怖主义, 恐怖手段（尤指有政治目的者）. terrorist/ 5terErIst; `tZrE9rIst/ n person who supports or participatesin terrorism 恐怖主义者; 恐怖分子: * The terrorists are threatening to blow up the hijacked airliner. 恐怖分子扬言要炸毁劫持的客机. * [attrib 作定语] terrorist attacks 恐怖分子的攻击. terrorize, -ise[5terEraiz; 5terE7raiz] v (a) [Tn] fill (sb/sth) with terror 使（某人[某事物]）畏惧: * local gangs terrorizing the neighbourhood 使附近地区人心惶惶的地痞. (b) [Tn.pr] ~ sb into sth/doing sth force sb to do sth by threats of violence, etc 胁迫某人做某事: * villagers terrorized into leaving their homes 被逼离乡别井的村民. terrorization, -isation[7terErai'zeiFn; --ri5z-; 7terErE'zeFEn] n [U]. 复合： `terror-stricken (also `terror-struck) adj filled with terror 胆战心惊的; 人心惶惶的.

terry
[5teri; 5teri] n [U] cotton fabric used for towels, etc, with raised loops of thread left uncut 毛圈棉织物（用以做毛巾等的）.

terse
[tE:s; tEs] adj (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) using few words; concise; curt 用词简练的; 洗练的; 简短的: * written in a terse style 以简练的文笔写成的 * a terse reply, comment, remark, etc 简短的答覆、 评论、 言语等 * a terse speaker 语言精练的演说者. > tersely adv. terseness n [U].

tertiary
[5tE:FEri; - -Fieri; 5tEFi7eri] adj third in order, rank, importance, etc; next after secondary 第叁等的; 第叁位的; 第叁的: * the Tertiary period, ie (in geology) the third stage in the formation of rocks （地质学上岩石形成的）第叁纪 * tertiary education, ie at university or college level 高等教育 * tertiary (ie very severe) burns 叁度烧伤（极严重的）.

Terylene
[5terEli:n; 5terElin] (US Dacron) n [U] (propr 专利名) (fabric made from a) type of synthetic fibre 涤纶（人造纤维）; 涤纶织物.

TESL
[ 9ti: i: es 5el or, in informal use, 俗读作 5tesl; 9ti i Zs `Zl, `tZsl] abbr 缩写 = Teaching English as a Second Language 作为第二语言的英语教学. Cf 参看 TEFL.

tessellated
[5tesEleitid; 5tesl7etid] adj (of a pavement) made from small flat pieces of stone of various colours arranged in a pattern （指人行道）用彩色小石块镶嵌成图案的.

test
[test; test] n 1 (a) examination or trial of the qualities, etc of a person or thing （对人或事物的）测验, 试验, 考验: * an en`durance test, eg for a new engine, soldiers in training, etc 耐力试验（如对新发动机、 受训的士兵等的） * [attrib 作定语] a `test bore, ie a hole bored into the ground to discover whether it contains mineral, oil, etc 勘察钻孔（为探测矿藏、 石油等的） * (fig 比喻) She left her purse on the table as a test of the child's honesty. 她把钱包留在桌子上来考验那孩子是否诚实. * The long separation was a test of their love. 长期分离对他们的爱情是个考验. (b) such an examination conducted for medical purposes （医疗上的）试验, 检验, 化验: * an `eye test 眼睛检查 * a `blood/`urine test 验血[尿]. 2 examination of a person's knowledge or ability in a particular area （对人在某方面的知识或能力的）测验, 测试, 考查: * give the pupils a test in arithmetic 对小学生进行算术测验 * an I`Q/in`telligence test 智商[智力]测验 * a`driving-test, ie to obtain a driving licence 驾驶执照考试. 3 means or procedure for testing 试验或检验的手段或程序: * a `litmus test 石蕊试验 * [attrib 作定语] a `test circuit, ie one for testing motor vehicles, etc 机动车试验环路 * a test for AIDS, cancer, tetanus, etc 艾滋病、 癌、 破伤风...试验 * a `pregnancy test 妊娠试验. 4 (infml 口) = test match. 5 (idm 习语) the acid test => acid1. put sb/sth to the proof/test => proof1. stand the test of `time, etc prove to be durable, reliable or of lasting value over a long period 经得起长时间的考验: * fine old buildings that have stood the test of centuries 经历了数世纪的美观的建 物. 派生： test v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sb/sth) (for sth); ~ sth (on sb/sth) examine and measure the qualities, etc of (sb/sth) 检验和衡量（某人[某物]）的品质、 质量等; 试验; 考验验w: testing for pollution in the water/testing the water for pollution 检验水的污染情况

test1
* a well-testedremedy 经试验证实有效的医疗法 * testing nuclear weaponsunder the sea 海底核武器试验 * have one's eyesight/hearing tested 视力[听力]检查 * The long climb tested our powers of endurance. 那次长距离爬山考验了我们的耐力. * Many people are against new drugs being tested on animals. 很多人都反对用动物做新药试验. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (on sth) test sb's knowledge or ability (in a particular area) 测验某人（在某方面的知识或能力）: She tested the whole class on irregular verbs. 她对全班学生进行不规则动词测验. 复合： `test case lawsuit or other procedure that provides a decision which is expected to be used in settling similar cases in the future 判例案件（诉讼案件或其他程序的先例, 可供以後比照类似案件之判例）: The outcomeof these wage talks is seen as a test case for future pay negotiations. 这一系列工资谈判的结果可视为今後薪酬谈判的先例. `test drive drive taken to judge the performance, etc of a car one is thinking of buying 试车（对欲购之汽车作驾驶测试）. `test-drive v (pt -drove, pp -driven) [Tn] take a test drive in (a car) 对（某汽车）作试车驾驶. `test match (also infml 口语作 test) cricket or Rugby match between teams of certain countries, usu one of a series during a tour （板球或英式橄榄球的）国际间的比赛（通常包括若干赛次）. `test pilot pilot whose job is to fly newly designed aircraft to test their performance （新型飞机的）试飞员. `test-tube n slender glass tube, closed at one end, used in chemical experiments 试管. `test-tube baby baby that is conceived by artificial insemination, or that develops elsewhere than in a mother's body 试管婴儿.

testament
[5testEmEnt; 5testEmEnt] n (fml 文) 1 (usu sing 通常作单数) ~ (to sth) thing that provides clear proof of sth （某事物的）确实证明: * a testament to sb's beliefs 对某人信仰的证明 * The new model is a testament to the skill and dedication of the work-force. 从这个新产品可以看出全体职工的技术水平和工作态度. 2 = will4 4. 派生： testamentary[7testE'mentri; 7testE'mentri] adj (fml 文) of or given in a person's will 遗嘱的; 由遗嘱中遗赠的: * a testamentary bequest 遗赠的遗产.

testate
[5testeit; 5testet] adj (law 律) having left a valid will at one's death 留下有效遗嘱的. 派生： testator/te'steitE(r); - 'testeitEr; 5testetl] (fem 阴性作 testatrix/te'steitriks; tes'tetriks] ) n person who has made a will4(4) 立有遗嘱的人.

testes
pl of testis.

testicle
[5testikl; 5testikl] n either of the two glands of the male sex organ in which sperm-bearing fluid is produced 睾丸. =>illus at male 见male插图.

testify
[5testifai; 5testE7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) 1 [I, Ipr, Tf]~ (to sth); ~ (against/in favour of sb) give evidence; declare as a witness, esp in court 提供证据; 作证（尤指出庭）: * summoned to testify in court 被传出庭作证 * The teacher testified to the boy's honesty. 老师证明那男孩很诚实. * Two witnesses testified against her and one in her favour. 有两个证人的证词对她不利, 另一个人的对她 有利. * He testified under oath that he had not been at the scene of the crime. 他宣誓称自己当时不在犯罪现场. 2 [Ipr, Tn] ~ (to) sth (fml 文) be evidence of sth 作为某事的证据; 证明: * tears that testified (to) her grief 可见她悲伤的眼泪.

testimonial
[7testi'mEuniEl; 7testE'moniEl] n 1 written statement testifying to a person's character, abilities or qualifications （人品、 能力、 资格的）证明书, 鉴定书, 推荐书: * She sent a testimonial from her former employer when applying for the post. 她申请那职位时寄去了前雇主的推荐书. Cf 参看 reference 4. 2 thing given to sb, eg by his colleagues, to show appreciation of his services or achievements （为感谢某人的贡献或成就而赠予的）奖品, 纪念品（如同事赠送的）: * [attrib 作定语] a testimonial match, game, etc, ie to honour a distinguished sportsman 纪念比赛等（以褒扬优秀运动员）.

testimony
[5testimEni; - -mEuni; 5testE7moni] n 1 [U,C] written or spoken statement declaring that sth is true,esp one made under oath （书面或口头的）证词（尤指发誓後作出的）: * According to the witness's testimony, you were present when the crime was committed. 根据证人证词所示, 案发时你在犯罪现场. 2 [U, sing] ~ (to sth) evidence in support of sth （对某事物的）见证或证明: * The pyramids are (a) testimony to the Ancient Egyptians' engineering skills. 金字塔是古埃及人工程技术精湛的丰碑.

testis
[5testis; 5testis] n (pl -tes[-ti:z; -tiz] ) (anatomy 解) testicle 睾丸.

testy
[5testi; 5testi] adj (-ier, -iest) easily annoyed; irritable易被激怒的; 急躁的: * a testy person, reply 性急的人、 急忙做出的答覆. > testily[-ili; -ili] adv. testiness n [U].

tetanus
[5tetEnEs; 5tetnEs] n [U] disease in which the muscles contract and stiffen, caused by bacteria entering the body 破伤风. Cf 参看 lockjaw (lock2).

tetchy
[5tetFi; 5tetFi] adj (-ier, -iest) peevish; irritable易怒的; 暴躁的: * a tetchy person, mood, remark 急躁的人、 情绪、 言语 * There's no need to be so tetchy (with me)! 何必（跟我）那麽着急! > tetchily[-ili; -Eli] adv. tetchiness n [U].

tete
a-tete

tether
[5teTE(r); 5teTl] n 1 rope or chain by which an animal is fastened while it is grazing （拴牲畜的）绳或链. 2 (idm 习语) at the end of one's tether => end1. 派生： tether v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sth) fasten (an animal) with a tether 用绳或链拴住（牲畜）: He tethered his horse to a tree. 他用绳子把马拴在树上.

tetr(a)-
comb form 构词成分 four 四: tetrasyllable, ie a word with four syllables 四音节词.

Teutonic
[tju:'tCnik; - tu:-; 5tu'tanik] adj 1 of the Germanic (ie Anglo-Saxon, Dutch, German and Scandinavian) peoples or their languages 条顿人的, 条顿语的（即盎格鲁撒克逊人、 荷兰人、 德国人及斯堪的那维亚人的）. 2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] showing qualities thought to be typical of German people 有德意志民族特点的; 有德国人风格的: * Teutonic thoroughness 德国人做事的彻底精神.

text
[tekst; tekst] n 1 [U] main written or printed part of a book or page (contrasted with notes, diagrams, illustrations, etc) （书或书页的）正文, 本文（与注释、 图表、 插图等相对）: * too much text and not enough pictures 文字太多而插图太少 * The index refers the reader to pages in the text. 书的索引为读者列出了正文中的页数. 2 [C] original words of an author, document, etc (contrasted with later revisions, shortened versions, etc)（作者、 文件等的）原文: * the full text of the Prime Minister'sspeech 首相讲话的全文 * the problems of establishing the text of `King Lear' 考证《李尔王》原文所遇到的问题 * a corrupt text, eg one altered by mistakes in copying 异文（如因抄写错误而造成的）. 3 [C] sentence or short passage from the Bible, etc used as the subject of a sermon or discussion （引自《圣经》等的）文句（用作讲道的或讨论的题目）: * I take as my text... 我要讲的经文是.... 4 [C] book, play, etc prescribed for study or as part of a syllabus （指定要学的或定为教学大纲内容的）书、 戏剧等: * `Hamlet' is a set text for A level this year. 《哈姆雷特》是今年高级程度考试中指定的必读书. 派生： textual[5tekstFuEl; 5tekstFuEl] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of or in a text 正文的; 本文的; 原文的; 在正文、 原文等中的: * textual criticism 原文校勘 * textual errors 原文的错误. textually[-uEli; -uEli] adv. 复合： textbook[5teksbuk; 5tekst7buk] n book givinginstruction in a subject 教科书; 课本: * an algebra textbook代数课本 * [attrib 作定语] a textbook example of how the game should be played, ie worth copying, exemplary 这一比赛的范例（值得效仿、 学习的）.

textile
[5tekstail; 5tekstail] n (esp pl 尤作复数) woven or machine-knitted fabric 织物; 纺织品: * factories producing a range of textiles 生产各种纺织品的工厂 * get a job in textiles 得到在纺织业中的一份工作 * [attrib 作定语] the textile industry 纺织工业.

texture
[5tekstFE(r); 5tekstFl] n 1 [C, U] way a surface, substance or fabric looks or feels to the touch, ie its thickness, firmness, roughness, etc （一物体表面、 物质或织物的）质地, 外观, 手感（如厚薄、 软硬、 粗细等）: * the delicate texture of her skin 她细嫩的皮肤 * cement with a fine/coarse texture 光滑的[粗糙的]水泥面 *The cake has a nice light texture. 这蛋糕松软可口. 2 arrangement of the threads in a fabric （织物的）疏密, 松紧: * cloth with a loose/close texture 质地疏松[紧密]的布. 派生： textured adj (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) having a distinct or specified texture 有独特或所示之外观或质地的: textured (ie not smooth) wallpaper 起纹的壁纸 * The walls have a textured finish. 墙壁上有织纹状饰面. * ,coarse-`textured 质地粗糙的.

thalidomide
[WE'lidEmaid; WE'lidE7maid] n [U] sedativedrug formerly given to pregnant women until it was found that some of them gave birth to babies with deformed limbs 縘胺名啶酮, 反应停（镇静药, 旧时孕妇服用後曾产肢体畸形儿, 已禁用）: * [attrib 作定语] a thalidomide child, ie one born deformed in this way 縘胺名啶酮畸形儿.

than
[TEn; TEn; rare strong form 罕、 强读式 Tn; TAn] conj (used after a comparative adj or adv to introduce a clause or phrase in which a comparison is expressed 用於形容词或副词的比较级之後, 引导表示比较关系的从句或短语): * He's never more annoying than when he's trying to help. 他要是想帮忙就更让人讨厌他. * She's a better player than (she was) last year. 她演得比去年好. * He loves me more than you do. 他比你更爱我. * She should know better than to poke the animal with her umbrella. 她应当知道不该用伞去捅动物. 派生： than prep 1 (used before a n or pron to express a comparison 用於名词或代词前表示比较关系): You gave me less than him, ie less than you gave him or (infml) less than he gave me. 你给我的比给他的少（在口语中: 你给我的比他给的少）. * I'm older than her. 我比她年岁大. * Nobody understands the situation betterthan you. 谁也不如你了解情况. * There was more whiskyin it than soda. 那里面的威士忌比苏打水多. 2 (used after more or less and before an expression of time, distance, etc to indicate how long sth takes, how far it is, etc 用於more或less之後和表示时间、 距离等的词语之前, 表明做某事所用的时间、 与某物的距离等): It cost me more than 100. 这个花了我100多英镑. * It never takes more than an hour. 所用的时间从不超过一小时. * He can't be more than fifteen. 他不超过十五岁. * It's less than a mile to the beach. 离海滨不到一英里.

thank
[WANk; WANk] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth/doing sth) express gratitude to sb 谢谢或感谢某人; 向某人道谢: * There's no need to thank me I was only doing my job. 不用谢--这是我应做的工作. * We thanked them for all their help. 我们感谢他们鼎力相助. * (ironic 反语) He won't thank you (ie He'll be annoyed with you) for leaving him all the washing-up to do. 你把刷锅洗碗的活儿都留给他干, 他不会感谢你（他会生你的气）. 2 (idm 习语) have oneself/sb to thank (for sth) (ironic 反语) be responsible/hold sb responsible (for sth) （对某事）负有责任; 使某人（对某事）负责: She only has herself to thank for what happened. 出了事只能怪她自己. * Who do we have to thank for this fiasco? 我们遭此惨败怨谁呢? I'll thank you for sth/to do sth (used in making politely formal requests or commands 用作提出请求或要求的礼貌用语): I'll thank you for (ie Please give me) that book. 请您把那本书送给我吧. * I'll thank you to mind your business. 请您少管闲事. ,no, `thank you (used to decline an offer, a proposal, etc politely 用以表示婉拒他人的好意、 提议等). thank `God/`goodness/`heaven(s) (used to express relief 用以表示松心或宽慰): Thank God you're safe! 谢天谢地, 你平安无事! thank one's lucky stars be or feel especially fortunate 吉星高照; 感到非常幸运: You can thank your lucky stars (that) you don't have to go to this dreary reception. 你真走运, 不用出席那死气沉沉的招待会. `thank you (used to express gratitude or to accept an offer, a proposal, etc 用以表示感谢或接受他人的好意、 提议等): Thank you for giving me a lift. 谢谢你开车送我一程. * Thank you very much indeed. 真是太感谢你了. 派生： thankful[-fl; -fEl] adj 1 grateful 感谢的; 感激的; 欣慰的: * You should be thankful to have escaped/that you have escaped with only minor injuries. 你仅受轻伤而脱险, 应感到欣慰.

thank1
2 (idm 习语) be grateful/thankful for small mercies => small. thankfully[-fEli; -fEli] adv 1 in a thankful way 感激地; 欣慰地. 2 (infml 口) I/weare glad; luckily 我[我们]很高兴; 幸运地: * Thankfully, it's at last stopped raining. 谢天谢地, 雨总算停了. =>Usage at hopeful 用法见hopeful. thankfulness n [U]. thankless adj 1 not feeling or expressing gratitude 不感谢的; 不领情的; 忘恩的. 2 (of an action) not likely to win thanks, appreciation or reward for the person performing it （指行为）不可能得到感谢、 感激或报偿的: a thankless role, task 受累不讨好的角色、 工作. thanklessly adv. thanklessness n [U]. thanks n [pl] 1 expressions of gratitude 感谢的表示; 谢意; 谢忱: Thanks are due to all those who helped. 向所有帮过忙的人表示感谢. * My heartfelt thanks to you all. 我谨向各位表示衷心的感谢. * give thanks to God 感谢上帝. 2 (idm 习语) no thanks to sb/sth despite sb/sth 并非某人[某事物]之功: It's no thanks to you (that) we arrived on time your short cuts weren't short cuts at all! 我们及时赶到可并没叨你的光--你说的近路一点儿也不近! thanks to sb/sth (sometimes ironic 有时作反语) because of sb/sth 由於或因为某人[某事物]: The play succeeded thanks to fine acting by all the cast. 由於全体演员的出色表演, 那出戏才获得成功. * Thanks to the bad weather, the match had been cancelled. 多亏这个倒霉天气, 挺好的比赛取消了. a vote of thanks=> vote. interj (infml 口) thank you 谢谢你; 谢谢: `Would you like some more cake?’ `No, thanks.’ ‘再要点蛋糕吗?’‘不要了, 谢谢.’ 复合： `thanksgiving n [C, U] 1 expression of gratitude, esp to God 感谢（尤指对上帝）; 感恩. 2 Thanksgiving (Day) holiday in the USA (on the fourth Thursday in November) and Canada (on the second Monday in October), originally set apart for giving thanks to God 感恩节（在美国为十一月的第四个星期四, 在加拿大为十月的第二个星期一）.

thank2
`thank-you n expression of thanks 感谢; 致谢: Have you said your thank-yous to Mrs Brown for the party?你参加布朗太太举办的聚会後向她道谢了吗? * She walked away without so much as a thank-you. 她走时连句感谢话都没说. * [attrib 作定语] thank-you letters 感谢信.

that
1[TAt; TAt] det (pl those/TEuz; Toz] ) 1 (used to make a person or thing specific, esp when he/it is seen as distant in space or time from the speaker/writer 用以指人或事物, 尤指在空间或时间上较远的): * Look at that man standing there. 瞧站在那儿的那个男子. * That box is bigger than this. 那个盒子比这个大. * How much are those apples at the back? 後边那些苹果多少钱? * Where did that noise come from? 那响声从哪儿来的? * Have you read that book about China? 你读过那本关於中国的书吗? * I was still living with my parents at that time/in those days, ie at that particular time in the past. 我那时还跟父母住在一起. Cf 参看 this. 2 (a) (used to specify a person or thing that is indicated or mentioned 用以指要表明的或要提及的人或事物): * Did you see that boy? 你看见那个男孩儿了吗? * He began by writing a thriller. That book sold a million copies. 他是写惊险小说起家的. 那本书卖了一百万册. (b) (used with a n followed by a possessive 与名词连用, 後接物主代词): * Did you meet that friend of his? 你见过他的那个朋友吗? * That dress of hers is too short. 她那件连衣裙太短了.3 (used in front of the antecedent of a relative clause 用於关系从句的先行词前): * Have you forgotten about that money I lent you last week? 你忘了上星期我借给你的钱了吧? * Those students who failed the exam will have to take it again. 考试不及格的学生需补考. * Who was that man you were talking to? 刚才你正和一个人说话, 他是谁? 派生： that adv to that degree; so 达到那样的程度; 如此; 这般: I can't walk that far, ie as far as that. 我可走不了那麽远. * They've spent that much, ie as much as is indicated. 他们花了那些钱. * It's about that long, ie as long as that. 那个东西大约有那麽长. * It isn't all thatcold, ie not as cold as you are suggesting or not extremelycold. 还没冷到那种程度（不像你说的那麽冷或极冷）.

thatch
[WAtF; WAtF] n 1 [C, U] (roof or roof-covering made of) dried straw, reeds, etc 茅草; 乾稻草; 芦苇; 茅草屋顶. 2 [sing] (infml 口) thick growth of hair on the head 浓密的头发. 派生： thatch v [Tn] cover (a roof) or roof (a house, etc) with thatch 用茅草盖（屋顶）; 用茅草做（房屋等的）顶: a village hut thatched with palm leaves 用棕榈叶作顶的乡村小屋 * a thatched cottage 用茅草作屋顶的小屋. thatcher n person who puts thatch on a house, etc 用茅草盖屋顶等的人.

thaw
[WC:; WC] v 1 (a) [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (out) (cause sth to) pass into an unfrozen or a liquid state after being frozen （使某物）解冻, 融化, 融解: * All the snow has thawed. 雪都融化了. * leave frozen food to thaw before cooking it 先让冷冻食物解冻再烹调 * thaw out (the ice in) the pipes 使管道（中的冰）化冻. (b) [I] (used only with it 仅与it连用) (of the weather) become warm enough to melt snow and ice （指天气）（暖和得使冰雪）化冻, 解冻: * It's starting to thaw. 天暖得化冻了. =>?sage at water1 用法见water1. 2 [I, Ip] ~ (out) (of people, their behaviour, etc) become less cool or formal in manner （指人、 态度、 行为等）变得温和、 不甚拘礼: * After a few drinks the party atmosphere began to thaw (out). 喝过几杯酒之後, 聚会的气氛变得轻松自然了. 派生： thaw n (usu sing 通常作单数) (weather that causes) thawing 融化; 融解; 使江河、 土地等解冻的天气: go skating before the thaw 趁着没解冻去溜冰 * A thaw is setting in. 江河渐渐解冻了. * (fig 比喻) a thaw in East-West relations 东西方关系的缓和.

the
[TE, Ti; TE, Ti; strong form 强读式 Ti:; Ti] 见词条使用详细说明6.2. =>Usage at a2 用法见a2. def art (used to make the following n refer to a specific person, thing, event or group 用於名词前, 表示为特指的人、 物、 事或群体) 1 (when it has already been mentioned or implied 指已提到过的或已知所指的人、 物、 事或群体): * A boy and a girl were sitting on a bench. The boy was smiling but the girl looked angry. 一个男孩和一个女孩坐在长凳上. 那男孩在微笑, 那女孩像在生气. * There was an accident here yesterday. A car hit a tree. The driver was killed. 昨天这里出事了. 有一辆汽车撞在树上了. 司机死了. 2 (when a n is followed by a phrase that restricts its meaning 用於後接限定性短语的名词): * the centre of town 市中心 * the topic of conversation 谈话的主题 * the man of her dreams 她梦想的男子 * the house that Jack built 杰克盖的房子. 3 (a) (when it has unique reference 用以指独一无二的人或事物): * the sun 太阳 * the moon 月亮 * the stars 星星. (b) (used with some parts of the natural world without a preceding adj 与表示自然界某部分之名词连用, 该名词前须无形容词): * The sky was blue. 天空是蓝的. (Cf 参看 There was a blue sky.) * The sea is rough. 海上波涛阶涌. (Cf 参看 There's a rough sea.) * The atmosphere wasstuffy. 空气不流通. (Cf 参看 There was a stuffy atmosphere.)4 (when the person or thing that is referred to is obvious within the situation 用以指不言而喻的人或事物): * The milkman was late this morning. 送牛奶的人今晨来晚了. * Have you seen the paper? 你看见报纸了吗? * The children are in the garden. 孩子都在花园里呢. * Would you pass the salt, please? 劳驾把盐递给我. 5 (used with superlative adjs, first, last, next, etc 与形容词最高级, 以及first、 last、 next等连用): * the best day of your life 你一生中最美好的一天 * the hottest day of the holiday 假日中最热的一天

the1
* What was the last thing I said? 我最後说的是什麽? 6 (used with an adj to refer to all members of a class or nationality 与形容词连用, 表示某类或某国的全体分子或成员): * trying to do the impossible 试图做做不到的事 * The rich get richer and the poor get poorer. 富的越富, 穷的越穷. * The French are famous for their cooking. 法国人以善烹调着称. 7 (used with a singular [C] n to mean the whole class 与可数名词的单数连用, 指这一类的全体): * The chimpanzee is an endangered species. 黑猩猩是濒於灭种的动物. * The poodle is a popular house pet. 卷毛狗是很多人都喜爱的宠物. 8 (used for inventions in general 用以泛指发明的东西): * Who invented the zip-fastener? 是谁发明的拉 ? * The motor car has been with us for almost a century. 汽车问世已近百年了. * Let's not waste time re-inventing the wheel, ie working to develop sth that has already been produced. 我们别浪费时间再去发明别人已经做出来的东西了. 9 (used in front of a unit of measure to mean `every' 用於量度单位前, 表示‘每一’): * My car does forty miles to the gallon. 我的汽车每加仑汽油跑四十英里. * I work free-lance and am paid by the hour. 我是自由职业者, 按小时计酬. * The price is 50p the dozen. 价格是每打50便士. 10 (used to indicate that the person or thing referred to is well-known or important 用以表明所指的人或事物是出名的或重要的): * Michael Crawford? Not `the Michael Crawford? 迈克尔．克劳福德? 莫不是那个迈克尔．克劳福德? * The royal wedding was `the social event of the year. 皇室婚礼是当年社会生活中的大事. 11 (idm 习语) the more, less, etc...the more, less, etc... (used to show that the increase/decrease in one amount or degree of sth continues at the same rate as another 用以表示某事物与另一事物在数量或程度方面以相同的比例增加[减少]): * The more she thought about it, the more depressed she became. 她越想越 扭.

the2
* The more beautiful the hat, the more expensive it usually is. 帽子越好看, 一般来说价钱就越贵. * I want you out of here, and the sooner the better. 你给我走开, 越快越好. * The less said about the whole affair, the happier I'll be. 对整件事谈得越少我越高兴.

theatre
(US theater)[5WiEtE(r); 5WiEtl] n 1 [C] buildingor outdoor area for the performance of plays and similar entertainments 戏院; 剧院; 露天剧场: * West End theatres 伦敦西区的戏院 * an open-air theatre 露天剧场 * use the school gymnasium as a theatre 用学校的体育馆作剧场. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page ix.2 [C] (a) room or hall for lectures, etc with seats in rows rising one behind another （供演讲等用的）阶梯教室或礼堂. (b) (also `operating-theatre) room in a hospital, etc where surgical operations are performed （医院等处的）手术室: * The patient is on her way to (the) theatre. 那个女病人马上就到手术室. * [attrib 作定语] a theatre sister, ie a nurse assisting during operations手术室护士. 3 [C] ~ of sth (rhet 修辞) scene of important events (esp of war) 重大事件发生的场所; （尤指）战场, 战区: * the latest theatre of internal conflict 内战的最新战场. 4 (a) [U] dramatic literature or art; the writing, acting and producing of plays 戏剧; 戏剧文学或艺术; 剧本的写作、 演出及上演: * a study of Greek theatre 对希腊戏剧的研究 * Do you often go to the theatre (ie go to see a play)? 你常去看戏吗? * The play is well written but it is not/does not make good theatre, ie is not effective when performed. 这个剧本写得很好, 但演出效果不好. (b) the theatre [sing] the theatrical world as a profession or way of life 戏剧界; 戏剧业: * She wants to go into the theatre, eg become an actress. 她想入戏剧界（如当演员）. 派生： theatrical/Wi'trikl; Wi'Atrikl] adj 1 [usu attrib 通常作定语] of or for the theatre 戏院的; 剧场的; 戏剧的; 为演出的: * theatrical scenery, performances, reviews 戏剧布景、 演出、 评论 * a theatrical company 剧团. 2 (of behaviour) exaggerated in order to create an effect; unnaturally showy; histrionic （指行为）为产生某种效果而夸张的, 做作的, 演戏般的:

theatre1
* theatrical gestures 做作的姿势. theatrically[-kli; -kli] adv. theatricals n [pl] theatrical performances 戏剧演出: amateur theatricals 业馀戏剧演出. 复合： `theatre-goer n person who frequently goes to see plays, etc 经常看戏等的人. theatre-in-the-`round n [U] form of dramatic performance with the audience seated around a central stage 圆环形剧场; 圆形舞台; 中心舞台; 岛屿式舞台. theatre `weapons weapons that are of intermediate range, between tactical and strategic weapons 中程武器.

thee
[Ti:; Ti] pron (arch or dialect 古或方) (object form of thou) 你（thou的宾格）.

theft
[Weft; Weft] n [C, U] (act or instance of) stealing 偷;行窃; 偷窃: * A number of thefts have been reported recently.近来有些偷窃案的报道. * guilty of theft 偷窃罪.

their
[TeE(r); Ter] possess det of or belonging to them 他们的; 她们的; 它们的: * Their parties are always fun. 他们的聚会总是很有趣. * Their own car is being mended this one is hired. 他们自己的汽车正在修理--这辆是租的. * Their fame rests entirely on one record. 他们完全是靠着一张唱片出的名. 派生： theirs/TeEz; Terz] possess pron of or belonging to them 他们的, 她们的, 它们的（所有物）: * Theirs are the children with very fair hair. 那些长着金黄头发的是他们的孩子. * It's a favourite place of theirs. 这是他们喜欢的地方.

theism
[5Wi:izEm; 5WiizEm] n [U] belief in the existence of a God or gods, esp a God revealed to man as the creator and ruler of the universe 有神论. Cf 参看 deism. 派生： theist[5Wi:ist; 5Wiist] n believer in theism 有神论者. theistic/Wi:'istik; Wi'istik] , theistical ([-kl; -kl/) adjs.

them
[TEm; TEm; strong form 强读式 Tem; Tem] pers pron 人称代词 1 (used as the object of a v or of a prep; also used independently or after be 用作动词或介词的宾语, 也可单独使用或用於be之後): * Tell them the news. 把那消息告诉他们. * Give them to me. 把那些东西给我. * Did you eat all of them? 你是否都吃光了? * Oh, them! We needn't worry about them. 哦, 他们哪! 我们用不着为他们担心. 2 (used informally instead of him or her 在口语中用以代替him或her): * If a customer comes in before I get back ask them to wait. 我回来之前若有顾客来, 就请他等一会儿. 3 (idm 习语) ,themand `us rich or powerful people contrasted with ordinarypeople like the speaker(s) 有钱或有势的人与寻常百姓（如说此话者）之对比: * We should try to get away from a `them and us' attitude in industrial relations. 我们应该努力摆脱劳资关系中‘那群人和我们’这种对立的态度. Cf 参看 they.

thematic
[Wi'mAtik; Wi'mAtik] adj of or related to a theme(1) 主题的; 题目的; 与主题或题目有关的. > thematically[-kli; -kli] adv.

theme
[Wi:m; Wim] n [C] 1 subject of a talk, a piece of writing or a person's thoughts; topic （谈话或写作的）主题; （某人观念的）核心; 题目: * The theme of our discussionwas `Europe in the 1980's'. 我们讨论的题目是‘八十年代的欧洲’. 2 (music 音) melody that is repeated, developed, etc in a composition, or on which variations are composed （乐曲的）主题, 主旋律. 3 (US) (subject set for a) student's essay or exercise 学生的作文或练习（题目）. 复合： `theme park amusement park in which the entertainments are based on a single idea or group of ideas 专题乐园（有专题娱乐活动的公园）. `theme song (also `theme tune) (a) melody that is often repeated in a musical play, film, etc （音乐剧、电影等中的）主题曲, 主题歌. (b) = signature tune (signature).

themselves
[TEm'selvz; TEm'selvz] reflex, emph pron反身、 强调代词 (only taking the main stress in sentenceswhen used emphatically 在句中仅於加强语气时方重读) 1 (reflex 反身) (used when the people or animals performing an action are also affected by it 用以指人或动物所施的动作返回到本身): * The children can look `after them`selves for a couple of hours. 孩子们能照顾自己几个小时. 2 (emph 强调) (used to emphasize they or them 用以强调they或them): * They them`selves had had a similar experience. 他们自己就曾有过相似的经历. * Denise and Martin paid for it them`selves. 丹妮斯和马丁他们自己付的钱. * The teachers were them`selves too surprised to comment. 老师们自己惊奇得不知该说什麽好. 3 (idm 习语) by them`selves (a) alone 独自地; 单独地. (b) without help 独力地.

then
[Ten; Ten] adv 1 (referring to past or future time 指过去或将来) (a) at that time 当时; 那时; 其时; 届时: * We were living in Wales then. 我们那时住在威尔士. * I was still married to my first husband then. 我那时还是跟第一个丈夫保持着婚姻关系. * See you on Thursday we'll be able to discuss it then. 我们星期四见--到时就可以商量一下了. * Jackie Kennedy, as she then was, was still only in her twenties. 杰基．肯尼迪, 她当时叫这个名字, 还只不过二十多岁. * [attrib 作定语] The then PrimeMinister took her husband with her on all her travels.当时的首相每次外出都与夫偕行. (b) next; after that; afterwards 其後; 然後; 以後; 继之: * I'll have soup first and then the chicken. 我想先喝汤再吃鸡. * The liquid turned green and then brown. 那液体先变成绿色, 又变成棕色了. * We had a week in Rome and then went to Vienna. 我们在罗马呆了一个星期, 然後去的维也纳. (c) (used after a prep 用於介词之後) that time 那时: * From then on he refused to talk about it. 从那以後他就不再谈这件事了. * We'll have to manage without a TV until then. 我们现在没有电视也得将就着, 到时候就好了. * She'll have retired by then. 她到那时就要退休了. Cf 参看 now. 2 and also 还有; 而且: * There are the vegetables to peel and the soup to heat. Then there's the table to lay and the wine to cool. 菜要择, 汤要加热. 还得摆上餐具, 把酒冰镇一下. * I've sent cards to all my family. Then there's your family and the neighbours. 我已给我全家人都寄去了请帖. 还要给你家的人及邻居们寄. 3 in that case; therefore 那麽; 因此: * If it's not on the table then it will be in the drawer. 要是不在桌子上, 那就在抽屉里. * Offer to take him out for lunch, then (ie as a result of this) he'll feel in a better mood. 请他出去吃午饭, 那样他心情就会好些. * He'll be looking for a new secretary then? 那麽, 他就要找个新秘书了?

then1
4 (idm 习语) (but) then a`gain (used to introduce a contrasting piece of information 用以谈起另一方面的情况): * He's clumsy and untidy but then again he's always willing to help. 他笨手笨脚的又邋遢; 可是话说回来, 他总是乐於助人. then and there => there and then (there).

thence
[Tens; Tens] adv (arch or fml 古或文) from there 由彼处; 从那里: * They travelled by rail to the coast and thence by boat to America. 他们乘火车到海岸, 再从那里乘船去美国.

theocracy
[Wi'CkrEsi; Wi'akrEsi] n (country with a) system of government by priests or a priestly class in which the laws of the State are believed to be the laws of God 僧侣政治, 僧侣统治, 神权政治（的国家）. > theocratic[7WiE'krAtik; 7WiE'krAtik] adj.

theodolite
[Wi'CdElait; Wi'adl7ait] n instrument used by surveyors for measuring horizontal and vertical angles 经纬仪.

theology
[Wi'ClEdVi; Wi'alEdVi] n 1 [U] formal study of the nature of God and of the foundations of religious belief 神学; 宗教学; 宗教信仰学: * [attrib 作定语] a theology student 研究神学的人. 2 [C] set of religious beliefs; theological system 宗教信仰的理论; 宗教信仰的制度: * rival theologies 敌对的宗教信仰理论. 派生： theologian[7WiE'lEudVEn; 7WiE'lodVEn] n expert in or student of theology 神学家; 神学研究者. theological[7WiE'lCdVikl; 7WiE'ladVikl] adj: * theological argument 神学上的争论 * a theological college 神学院. theologically[-kli; -kli] adv.

theorem
[5WiErEm; 5WiErEm] n 1 rule in algebra, etc, esp one expressed as a formula （代数等的）定理（尤指以公式表示的）. 2 mathematical statement to be proved by a chain of reasoning （数学的）命题.

theoretical
[7WiE'retikl; 7WiE'retikl] adj 1 concerned with the theory of a subject 理论的; 理论上的: * a theoretical physicist 理论物理学家 * This book is too theoretical; I need a practical guide. 这本书理论性太强,我需要一本实用手册. Cf 参看 practical 1. 2 supposedbut not necessarily true 假设的: * Lendl's strength onclay gives him a theoretical advantage. 兰德尔体格健壮,按说他占些优势. > theoretically[-kli; -kli] adv: * Theoretically we could still win, but it's very unlikely. 按道理讲我们还能赢, 但可能性很小.

theory
[5WiEri; 5WiEri] n 1 [C] set of reasoned ideas intended to explain facts or events 学说; 理论: * Darwin's theory of evolution 达尔文的进化论. 2 [C] opinion or supposition, not necessarily based on reasoning 意见, 揣测（未必基於推理的）: * He has a theory that wearing hats makes men go bald. 他有个看法是男人戴帽子就会秃顶. 3 [U] ideas or suppositions in general (contrasted with practice) 想法, 设想（与实践相对）: * It sounds fine in theory, but will it work? 道理是不错, 但能否行得通? * In theory, three things could happen, ie there are three possibilities. 推测起来, 有叁种可能性. 4 [C, U] (statement of the) principles on which a subject is based 原理; 原则; 论述: * studying music theory 学习乐理. 派生： theorist[5WiErist; 5WiE7rist] n person who forms theories 理论家. theorize, -ise[5WiEraiz; 5WiE7raiz] v [I, Ipr] ~ (about sth) form theories 建立理论; 理论化.

theosophy
[Wi:'CsEfi; Wi'asEfi] n [U] (philosophy 哲) any of several systems that aim at a direct knowledge of God by means of meditation, prayer, etc 通神学, 通神论（认为可藉冥想、 祈祷等直接认识神）. 派生： theosophical[7Wi:E'sCfikl; 7WiE'safikl] adj. theosophist/Wi:'CsEfist; Wi'asEfist] n believer in theosophy 通神论者.

therapeutic
[7WerE'pju:tik; 7WerE'pjutik] adj of the art of healing or the curing of disease 治疗术的; 治疗学的;治病的: * therapeutic exercises, eg after a surgical operation治疗性的锻炼（如外科手术之後） * the therapeutic effects of sea air 海洋空气的疗效. 派生： therapeutically[-kli; -kli] adv. therapeutics n [sing v] branch of medicine concerned with curing disease 治疗学.

therapy
[5WerEpi; 5WerEpi] n [U] 1 any treatment designedto relieve or cure an illness or a disability 治疗; 疗法: * have/undergo therapy 接受治疗 * radio-therapy 放射治疗 * occupational therapy 职业治疗法. 2 physiotherapy 物理疗法. 3 psychotherapy 心理疗法. 派生： therapist[5WerEpist; 5WerEpist] n specialist in aparticular type of therapy （某疗法的）治疗专家: * a speechtherapist 语言治疗专家.

there
1[TeE(r); Ter] adv 1 (a) in, at or to that place 在那里; 往那里: * We shall soon be there. 我们很快就到那里. * We are nearly there, ie have nearly arrived. 我们快到了. * If John sits here, Mary can sit there. 约翰要是坐在这儿, 玛丽可以坐在那儿. * We liked the hotel so much that we're going there again this year. 我们很喜欢那个旅馆, 所以今年还要住在那里. (b) (used after a prep 用於介词之後) that place or thing 那里; 那个: * Put the keys under there. 把钥匙放在那下面. * They fit in there. 他们在那里很合适. * Go to the church and ask again it's near there. 先去教堂再问一下--就在那儿附近. Cf 参看 here. 2 at or with reference to that point (in a story, a series of actions, an argument, etc) （在叙述、 行动、 辩论等中）在那一点上, 关於那一点: * Don't stop there. What did you do then? 别说到那儿就不说了. 後来你怎麽办了? * There I have to disagree with you, I'm afraid. 很抱歉, 在那一点上我不能同意你的意见. 3 (used for emphasis before some vs, eg go, stand, lie, to show the location of sb/sth, with the subject following the v if it is not a pron 用於某些动词如go、 stand、 lie之前, 以加强语气, 表示某人[某物]的位置, 若句子的主语不是代词, 则置於动词之後): * There goes the last bus. 最後一班公共汽车开走了. * There it goes. 它走了. * There it is: * just to the right of the church. 就在那儿: * 在教堂的右侧. * There you are. I've been waiting for over an hour. 你可来了. 我等了你一个多小时了. 4 (used to call attention to sth 用以引起对某事物的注意): * There's the school bell I must run. 听, 上课铃响了--我得赶紧走了. * (ironic 反语) There's gratitude for you, ie Look how ungrateful he/she is. 瞧, 就这样感激你（看他[她]多不领情）. 5 (a) (used after that + a n for emphasis 用於that+名词之後以加强语气): * That woman there is 103. 在那儿的那个女人都103岁了. (there1 /// * You there! Come back! 说你呢! 回来! * Hello there! Lovely to see you again! 嘿! 又见到你了, 真高兴! 6 (idm 习语) ,there and `back to and from a place 往返; 来回: * Can I go there and back in a day? 我一天内能打来回吗? ,there and `then; ,then and `there at that time and place 当场立即; 当时当地: * I took one look at the car and offered to buy it there and then. 我看了一眼那辆汽车当时就出价买了下来. ,there you `are (a) (used when giving sb a thing he wants or has requested 用於将某人所要的东西给他时): * There you are. I've brought your newspaper. 给你. 我把你要的报纸带来了. (b) (used to give reassurance when explaining, demonstrating or commenting on sth 於解释、 示范或说明某事时, 用以加强对方信心): * You switch on, wait until the screen turns green, push in the disk and there you are! 你打开开关, 等屏幕变成绿色, 把磁盘推进去就行了! * There you are! I told you it was easy. 就是这样! 我早就说过很容易. ,there you `go/go a`gain (used to comment, usu critically, on a typical example of sb's behaviour 用以褒贬某人一贯的行为): * There you go again jumping to conclusions on the slightest evidence. 你又来这一套了--仅凭一点点证据就匆忙下结论. 派生： there interj 1 (used to express triumph, dismay, encouragement, etc 用以表示胜利、 沮丧、 鼓励等): There (now)! What did I tell you? ie You can see that I was right. 瞧! 我怎麽跟你说的? （这回你知道我对了吧.） * There! You've (gone and) woken the baby! 看! 你（一去）把孩子吵醒了! * There! That didn't hurt too much, did it? 哎哟! 不太疼吧? 2 (idm 习语) ,there, `there! (used to comfort a small child 用以安慰幼儿): There, there! Never mind, you'll soon feel better. 好啦, 好啦! 不要紧, 你呆一会儿就好了.

thereabouts
[5TeErEbauts; 5TerE7bauts] (also US thereabout[5TeErEbaut; 5TerE7baut] ) adv (usu after or 通常用於or之後) 1 somewhere near there 在附近的某地: * The factory is in Leeds or somewhere thereabouts. 那工厂在利兹, 也许在利兹附近. 2 near that number, quantity, time, etc 近於（某数目、 数量、 时间等）; 大约; 左右: * I'll be home at 8 o'clock or thereabouts. 我8点钟回家, 8点左右吧.

thereafter
[7TeEr'a:ftE(r); - -'Af-; Ter'Aftl] adv (fml 文) after that 此後; 其後: * You will be accompanied as far as the border; thereafter you must find your own way. 有人送你到边境, 然後你就得自己走了.

thereby
[7TeE'bai; Ter'bai] adv (fml 文) by that means藉以; 从而; 由此: * They paid cash, thereby avoiding interestcharges. 他们付的是现金, 以免付利息.

therefore
[5TeEfC:(r); 5Ter7fCr] adv for that reason 为此; 因此; 所以.

therein
[7TeEr'in; Ter'in] adv (fml or law 文或律) (a) inthat place 在那里; 在其中: * the house and all the possessionstherein 那所房子及其中一切财产. (b) in that respect 在那方面; 在那一点上: * Therein lies the crux of the matter. 问题的关键就在那里.

thereinafter
[7TeErin'a:ftE(r); - -'Af-; 7Terin'Aftl] adv (law 律) in that part (of a document, etc) that follows 在（文件等的）下部分; 在下文中.

thereof
[7TeEr'Cv; Ter'av] adv (fml or law 文或律) of that; of it 由是; 由此; 它的; 其.

thereto
[7TeE'tu:; Ter'tu] adv (fml or law 文或律) to that; to it 附之; 随附: * the agreement and the documents appended thereto 协议及附件.

thereunder
[7TeEr'QndE(r); Ter'Qndl] adv (fml or law 文或律) under that part (esp of a document, etc) 在那部分（尤指文件等的）之後; 在其下.

thereupon
[7TeErE'pCn; 7TerE'pan] adv (fml 文) 1 as the result of that 於是; 因此. 2 immediately after that 随即.

therm
[WE:m; WEm] n unit of heat, used esp in measuring a gas supply (= 1000000 British thermal units) 撒姆（热量单位, 等於1000000英国热量单位, 尤用以计算煤气供应量）.

thermal
[5WE:ml; 5WEml] adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] 1 ofheat 热的; 热量的: * thermal insulation 热绝缘 * a ,thermal`power station, ie one using heat to generate electricity 热电站 * thermal units, ie for measuring heat 热量单位. 2 warm or hot 温暖的; 热的: * thermal springs 温泉. 3 (of clothes) designed to keep the wearer warm in cold weather （指衣物）保暖的, 防寒的: * thermal underwear 保暖的内衣. 派生： thermal n rising current of warm air (as used by a glider to gain height) 热气流（如滑翔机藉以上升的）. 复合： ,thermal ca`pacity (physics 物) number of units of heat needed to raise the temperature of a body by one degree 热容量.

thermionic
[7WE:mi'Cnik; 7WEmi'anik] adj of that branchof physics that deals with the emission of electrons at high temperatures 热离子学的. 复合： ,thermionic `valve (US ,thermionic `tube) vacuumtube in which a flow of electrons is emitted by heated electrodes, used in the receiving of radio signals, etc 热离子管.

thermocouple
[5WE:mEukQpl; 5WEmo7kQpl] n device formeasuring temperatures by means of the thermoelectricvoltage developing between two pieces of wire of differentmetals joined to each other at each end 热电偶; 温差电偶.

thermodynamics
[7WE:mEudai'nAmiks; 7WEmodai'nAmiks] n [sing v] branch of physics dealing with the relations between heat and other forms of energy 热力学. =>App 11 见附录11.

thermoelectric
[7WE:mEui'lektrik; 7WEmoi'lektrik] adj producing electricity by difference of temperature 热电的; 温差电的.

thermometer
[WE'mCmitE(r); WE'mamEtl] n instrumentfor measuring temperature 温度计; 寒暑表; 体温表. =>illus at bulb 见bulb插图.

thermonuclear
[7WE:mEu'nju:kliE(r); - -'nu:kliEr;7WEmo'nuklil] adj of nuclear reactions that occur only at very high temperatures 热核反应的; 热核的: * a thermonuclear bomb, missile, warhead, etc, ie one using such reactions 热核炸弹、 导弹、 弹头等.

thermoplastic
[7WE:mEu'plAstik; 7WEmo'plAstik] n, adj (plastic substance) that becomes soft and easy to bend when heated and hardens when cooled 热塑性的; 热塑性物质; 热塑塑料.

Thermos
[5WE:mEs; 5WEmEs] n (also `Thermos flask, US `Thermos bottle) (propr 专利名) type of vacuum flask 保温瓶; 暖水瓶; 冰瓶.

thermosetting
[7WE:mEu'setiN; 5WEmo7setiN] adj (of plastics) becoming permanently hard when heated （指塑料）热固的, 热硬性的.

thermostat
[5WE:mEstAt; 5WEmE7stAt] n device for automatically regulating temperature by cutting off orrestoring a supply of heat (eg in a centrally-heated building,an oven, etc) 恒温器（如中央供暖的建 物、 烤箱等中的）. > thermostatic[7WE:mE'stAtik; 7WEmE'stAtik] adv: * thermostatic control 恒温控制. thermostatically[-klI; -klI/ adv: * thermostatically controlled 恒温控制的.

thesaurus
[Wi'sC:rEs; Wi'sCrEs] n (pl ~es[-rEsiz; -rEsiz] or thesauri/Wi'sC:rai; Wi'sCrai] ) 1 book containing listsof words and phrases grouped according to their meanings语词典; 同类语词典; 同义语词典. 2 dictionary containing words of a certain type 同类词词典; 分类词典: * a thesaurus of slang 俚语词典.

these
=> this.

thesis
[5Wi:sis; 5Wisis] n (pl theses[5Wi:si:z; 5Wisiz] ) 1 statement or theory put forward and supported by arguments 论题; 论文. 2 long written essay submitted by a candidate for a university degree; dissertation 毕业论文; 学位论文.

Thespian
(also thespian)[5WespiEn; 5WespiEn] adj (joc or rhet 谑或修辞) of acting or the theatre 表演的; 演出的; 戏剧的. 派生： Thespian n (also thespian) (joc or rhet 谑或修辞) actor or actress 演员.

they
[Tei; Te] pers pron 人称代词 (used as the subjectof a v 用作动词的主体) 1 people, animals or things mentioned earlier or being observed now （已经提到过的或正涉及到的）人、 动物或事物; 他们; 她们; 它们: * `Where are John and Mary?’ `They went for a walk.’ ‘约翰和玛丽呢?’‘他们散步去了.’ * I've got two sisters. They'reboth doctors. 我有两个姐姐. 她们都是医生. * They (eg The things you are carrying) go on the bottom shelf. 这些东西（如你拿着的）放在架子的底层上. 2 (used informally instead of he or she 在口语中用以代替he或she): * If anyone arrives late they'll have to wait outside. 谁要是迟到, 他就得在外面等着. =>Usage at he 用法见he. 3 people in general 人们: * They say we're going to have a hot summer. 人家说今年夏天很热. * They've (ie The people in authority have) sent us another form to fill in. 上面（负责人）又送来一个表格让我们填写. Cf 参看 them.

they'd
[Teid; Ted] contracted form 缩约式 1 they had => have. 2 they would => will1, would2.

they'll
[Teil; Tel] contracted form 缩约式 they will => will1.

they're
[TeE(r); Ter] contracted form 缩约式 they are => be.

they've
[Teiv; Tev] contracted form 缩约式 they have => have.

thick
[Wik; Wik] adj (-er, -est) 1 of relatively great distance or of a specified distance between opposite surfaces or sides 厚的; 粗的: * a thick slice of bread 厚厚的一片面包 * a thick line 一条粗线 * ice three inches thick 叁英寸厚的冰 * a thick coat, pullover, etc, ie made of thick material 厚大衣、 套头毛衣等. 2 having a large number of units close together 稠密的; 密集的; 茂密的: * a thick forest 密林 * thick hair 浓密的头发 * in the thickest part of the crowd 人群中最稠密之处. 3 (of a liquid or paste) relatively stiff in consistency; not flowing easily （指液体或糊状物）浓的, 黏稠的: * thick soup, paint, glue 浓汤、 稠油漆、 黏胶. 4 (of a vapour or the atmosphere) not clear; dense （指汽、 烟、 雾或空气）不清澈的, 混浊的, 浓的: * thick fog, mist, cloud 浓雾、 重雾、 密云 * thick darkness 昏暗. 5 (a) (of the voice) unclear, eg because one has a cold; indistinct （指嗓音）不清楚的（如因伤风所致）. (b) (of an accent) very noticeable; strong （指口音）很明显的, 重的: * speak with/in a thick brogue 说话带很重的土腔. 6 (infml 口) stupid; dull 愚笨的; 迟钝的. 7 ~ (with sb) (infml 口) intimate 亲密的: * John is very thick with Anne. 约翰和安很亲近. 8 (idm 习语) a bit thick => bit1. blood is thicker than water => blood1. give sb/get a thick `ear (sl 俚) punish sb/be punished with a blow, esp on the ear (causing it to swell) 打耳光惩罚某人[受惩罚而吃耳光]（尤指打肿耳朵）. have, etc a thick `head (infml 口) (a) be dull or stupid 迟钝的; 愚笨的. (b) be suffering from a headache, hangover, etc 头疼、 过量饮酒後的不适等: * I woke up with a very thick head this morning. 我早晨醒来觉得头昏昏沉沉的. have a thin/thick skin => skin. (as) thick as `thieves (infml 口) (of two or more people) very friendly （指人与人）非常亲密, 要好. (as) thick as two short `planks (sl 俚) very stupid 非常愚笨.

thick1
(have) a thick `skull (infml 口) (show) a lack of intelligence 笨头笨脑: * How can I get it into your thick skull (ie make you understand) that we can't afford a car? 我怎麽才能让你木头脑瓜开窍, 明白我们买不起汽车呢? (be) thick with sth/sb densely covered or filled with things or people 布满或充满某物; 挤满人: * a garden thick with flowers 鲜花繁茂的花园 * The building was thick with reporters. 大楼里挤满了记者. 派生： thick adv 1 thickly 厚厚地; 密密地; 浓浓地: Don't spread the butter too thick. 别把黄油涂得太厚. * snow lying thick on the ground 地上厚厚的积雪. 2 (idm 习语) lay it on `thick/with a `trowel (infml 口) make sth seem bigger, worse, etc than it really is; exaggerate 使某事物似比原来的大、 坏等; 夸大. ,thick and `fast rapidlyand in great numbers 又快又多: Offers of help are coming in thick and fast. 四面八方立即伸出援助之手. thick n [U] 1 (idm 习语) in the thick of sth in the busiest or most crowded part of sth 某事物最繁忙的或最拥挤的部分: He's always in the thick of it/things. 他总是哪里最忙就在哪里. * We were in the thick of the fight. 我们那时正在酣战. 2 through ,thick and `thin in spite of all the difficulties 不顾艰难: He remained loyal to me through thick and thin. 他历尽艰辛始终都忠实於我. thicken[5WikEn; 5WikEn] v [I, Tn] 1 (cause sth to) become thicker （使某物）变得厚、 密、 浓、 混浊不清等: * when the sauce thickens 沙司变浓时 * The fog is thickening. 雾渐渐重了. * Use flour to thicken the gravy. 加面粉使肉汁浓稠. * Several drinks had thickened his voice. 他喝了几杯酒以後嗓音变得沙哑了. 2 (idm 习语) the plot thickens => plot2. thickening[5WikEniN;'WikEniN] n [U] material or substance used to thicken sth 使某物变浓的材料或物质; 增稠剂. thickly adv. thickness n 1 [U] quality or degree of being thick 厚、 密、 浓、 混浊等（的程度）: 4cm in thickness/a thickness of 4cm 厚4厘米[4厘米的厚度].

thick2
2 [C] layer 层: one thickness of cotton wool and two thicknesses of felt 一层棉絮及两层毛毡. 3 [C] part (of sth) that is thick or between two opposite surfaces （某物的）较厚的或夹在两层中间的部分: steps cut into the thickness of the wall 在墙的横断面凿出的台阶. 复合： ,thick-`headed adj stupid 愚笨的. ,thick`set adj (a) having a short stout body; solidly built 矮胖的; 身体结实的. (b) (of a hedge) with the bushes growing closely together （指树篱）茂密的. ,thick-`skinned adj not sensitive to criticism or insults 脸皮厚的; 对批评或侮辱感觉迟钝的.

thicket
[5Wikit; 5Wikit] n mass of shrubs and small trees, etc growing close together 灌木丛.

thief
[Wi:f; Wif] n (pl thieves/Wi:vz; Wivz] ) 1 person who steals, esp secretly and without violence 贼; 小偷; 窃贼. Cf 参看 burglar, robber (rob). 2 (idm 习语) honour among thieves => honour1. like a thief in the night without being seen or expected; furtively 偷偷摸摸的; 鬼鬼祟祟的. procrastination is the thief of time => procrastination (procrastinate). ,set a ,thief to `catch a thief (saying 谚) a person who has been a criminal is the best person to catch or prevent another person of the same type 用贼捉贼; 以毒攻毒. thick as thieves => thick. 派生： thieve/Wi:v; Wiv] v (a) [I] be a thief 做贼; 当小偷: * a life of thieving 终生行窃 * (joc 谑) Take your thieving hands off my radio! 你那双贼手别碰我的收音机! (b) [Tn] steal (sth) 偷窃（某物）. thievery[5Wi:vEri; 5WivEri] n [U] stealing; theft 偷窃; 做贼. thievish adj having the character or habits of a thief 有偷窃行为或习惯的. thievishly adv.

thigh
[Wai; Wai] n (a) part of the human leg between the knee and the hip （人的）股, 大腿. =>illus at human 见human插图. (b) corresponding part of the hind legs of other animals 动物後腿的相应部分. 复合： `thigh-bone n bone of this part of the leg; femur 股骨.

thimble
[5Wimbl; 5Wimbl] n small cap of metal, plastic, etc worn on the end of the finger to protect it and push the needle in sewing 顶针. 复合： thimbleful[-ful; -7ful] n very small quantity, esp of liquid to drink 微量（尤指饮料的）: * Just a thimbleful of sherry, please. 劳驾, 来一点点雪利酒.

thin
[Win; Win] adj (-nner[5WinE(r); 5Winl] , -nnest[5Winist;'Winist] ) 1 having opposite surfaces relatively close together; of small diameter 薄的; 细的: * a thin sheet of metal 一张薄金属板 * That ice is too thin to stand on. 那冰很薄, 经不住踩. * a thin wire 细的金属丝 * a thin layer of glue 薄薄的一层胶 * The rope was wearing thin in one place. 那条绳子上有一处磨细了. * a thin cotton dress, ie one made out of thin material 薄棉布连衣裙. 2 not having much flesh; lean 肉少的; 瘦的: * He's tall and rather thin. 他个子高而且很瘦. * Her illness had left her looking pale and thin. 她病後显得苍白、 清瘦. Cf 参看 fat1 2. =>Usage 见所附用法. 3 lacking density 稀薄的: * a thin mist, haze, etc 薄雾、 霾等. 4 having units that are not closely packed together or numerous 稀疏的; 稀少的: * His hair's/He's getting rather thin on top, ie He is starting to go bald. 他渐渐歇顶了（他头顶的头发逐渐稀少）. * The population is thin in this part of the country. 该国的那一地区人口稀少. * a thin audience 寥寥可数的观众. 5 (of a liquid or paste) lacking substance; watery （指液体或糊状物）稀薄的, 多水的: * thin soup, stew, gravy, etc 稀汤、 稀汁炖肉、 稀肉汁. 6 (fig 比喻) of poor quality or lacking some important ingredient; feeble 质量差的; 缺乏某些重要成分的; 弱的; 无力的: * thin humour 肤浅的幽默 * a thin (ie unconvincing) excuse 站不住脚的藉口 * a thin disguise, ie one that is easily seen through 易为人识破的伪装 * The critics found her latest novel rather thin. 书评家认为她最近写的那部小说没什麽意思. 7 (idm 习语) be skating on thin ice => skate1. have a thin/thick skin => skin. have a thin `time (of it) (infml 口) be uncomfortable or disappointed 不舒服的; 不好受的; 失望的; 受挫的:

thin1
* The team's been having a thin time (of it) recently -- not a single win in two months. 那个队近来日子不好过--两个月里一场都没赢. the thin end of the `wedge event,action, demand, etc that seems unimportant but is likely to lead to others that are much more important, serious, etc 可能引起重大、 严重等结果的小事、 小的行动、 小的要求等: * Unions regard the government's intention to ban overtime as the thin end of the wedge. 工会认为政府禁止加班的用意是老鼠拉木 , 大头在後边. (be) thin on the `ground not numerous; scarce 不多的; 少的. through thick and thin => thick. vanish, etc into thin `air disappear completely 完全消失. wear thin => wear2. 派生： thin adv thinly 薄; 细; 瘦; 稀疏: The bread is cut too thin. 那面包切得太薄了. thin v (-nn-) 1 [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (out) (cause sth to) become less dense or fewer in number （使某事物）变得稀或少: wait until the fog thins (out) 等到雾变薄些 * The traffic was thinning out. 来往车辆渐渐稀少了. * War and disease had thinned the population. 战争和疾病已使人口减少. * thin out seedlings, ie remove some to improve the growth of the rest 间苗. 2 (phr v) thin down become slimmer 变瘦; 变苗条: He's thinned down a lot since he went on a diet. 他自从节制饮食以来已经瘦了不少. thin sth down make sth thinner 使某物变薄、 细、 稀等: thin down paint with white spirit 用石油溶剂稀释油漆. thinly adv in a thin manner 薄; 细; 瘦; 稀疏: Spread the butter thinly. 薄薄地涂一层黄油. * thinly-sliced ham 切成薄片的火腿. thinner[5WinE(r); 5Winl] (also thinners) n [U] substance for diluting paint, etc 稀释剂; 稀料. thinness[5Winnis; 5Winnis] n [U] NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Compare thin, skinny,underweight, slim, etc. 试比较thin、 skinny、underweight、 slim等词的用法. When describing people whose weight is below normal, thin is the most general word. 指人的体重低於标准时, thin是最常用的词. It may be negative, suggesting weakness or lack of health 该词可含贬义, 指虚弱或不健康: She's gone terribly thin since her operation. 她动过手术以後瘦得很厉害. Bony is often applied to parts of the body such as hands or face. *bony一词常用来修饰人体的某部分, 如手或脸. Skinny and scrawny are negative and can suggest lack of strength *skinny和scrawny都是贬义词, 表示无力: He looks much too skinny/scrawny to be a weight-lifter. 他瘦骨嶙峋的, 当不了举重运动员. Underweight is the most neutral *underweight最无褒贬含义: The doctor says I'm underweight. 医生说我的体重低於标准. Emaciated indicates a serious condition resulting from starvation. *emaciated指因饥饿造成的严重状况. It is often thought desirable to be slim or slender, slim being used especially of those who have reduced their weight by diet or exercise *slim或slender常为心向 往之的, slim一词尤用於描述经节食或锻炼来减轻体重的人: I wish I was as slim as you. 但愿我能像你一样苗条.

thin2
* You have a beautifully slender figure. 你的体形十分苗条.

thine
[Tain; Tain] possess pron (arch 古) the thing(s) belonging to you 你的（所有物）. 派生： thine possess det (arch 古) (form of thy before a vowel or an h *thy的另一形式, 用於元音字母前或以h开始的字母前) of or belonging to you; your 你的.

thing
[WiN; WiN] n 1 [C] any unnamed object 东西; 物: * What's that thing on the table? 桌子上的那个东西是什麽? * There wasn't a thing (ie There was nothing) to eat. 没有可吃的东西. * She's very fond of sweet things, ie sweet kinds of food. 她很爱吃甜食. * I haven't a thing to wear, ie I have no suitable clothes. 我没有可穿的衣服. 2 things [pl] (a) personal belongings, clothing, etc 个人的所有物、 衣物等: * Don't forget your swimming things, ie swim-suit, towel, etc. 别忘了带游泳用品. * Have you packed your things for the journey? 你收拾好旅行用的东西了吗? * Put your things (eg coat, hat) on and let's go. 你把衣帽穿戴起来, 咱们走吧. (b) tools, implements, etc 工具、 器具等: * my painting things 我的绘画用具 * wash up the tea-things, eg plates, cups, cutlery 清洗茶具（如杯碟、 刀叉）. (c) circumstances or conditions 形势; 情况: * Things are going from bad to worse. 事态越来越糟了. * Think things over before you decide. 你要先把一切考虑好再做决定. * You mustn't take things so seriously. 你不要把情况看得那麽严重. (d) (with an adj following 後接形容词) all that can be so described （所使用的形容词所描述的）一切事物: * interested in things Japanese 对日本的一切事物都感兴趣. (e) (law 律) property 财产. 3 [C] (a) task, course of action, etc 任务、 工作、 做法等: * a difficult thing to do 难做的事 * The general, common, usual, established, etc thing is to... 一般的、 普通的、 通常的、 传统的等做法是.... (b) fact, subject, etc 事实、 事情、 题目、 主题等: * The main thing to remember is... 要记住的主要事实是.... * There's another thing I want to ask you about. 我想再问你一件事. * I find the whole thing very boring. 我觉得整个事情让人烦透了. 4 [C] (used of a person or an animal, expressing affection, pity, contempt, etc 用於指人或动物, 表示可爱、 怜悯、 轻视等):

thing1
* What a sweet little thing your daughter is! 你女儿真是个可爱的小姑娘! * My cat's been very ill, poor old thing. 我的猫病得挺厉害, 真可怜. * You stupid thing! 你这蠢货! 5 the thing [sing] what is appropriate, suitable or most important 适当的、 合适的或很重要的事物: * A holiday will be just the thing for you. 你现在需要的就是放假. * The thing is not to interrupt him while he's talking. 要紧的是他说话的时候不要打断他的话. * say the right/ wrong thing 说话得体[不得体] * The main thing is to get more orders. 关键问题是要多弄到些定单. * The thing about her is that she is completely honest. 她这个人最重要一点就是十分诚实. 6 (idm 习语) ,all things con`sidered when one considers every aspect of a problem, situation, etc 考虑到问题、 情况等的各个方面: * All things considered, we're doing quite well. 从各方面的情况看, 我们目前干得挺好. as things `stand in the present set of circumstances就目前情况看: * As things stand, we won't finish the job on time. 据目前情况看, 我们不能按时完成任务了. be a good thing (that)... be fortunate that... 幸运的是...: * It's a good thing we brought the umbrella. 幸亏我们带伞了. be on to a good `thing (infml 口) have found a job or style of life that is pleasant, well paid, etc 找到了挣钱多的工作或愉快的生活方式等. be `seeing things (infml 口) have hallucinations 产生幻觉: * Am I seeing things or is that Bill over there? I thought he was dead. 是我看花眼了呢, 还是在那儿的人是比尔呢?我以为他死了. a close/near `thing a fine balance between success and failure, life and death, doing or not doing sth, etc （成败、 生死、 做与不做某事等）险些非此即彼: * We just managed to win, but it was a close thing. 我们好不容易才获胜, 真险哪. do one's own `thing (infml 口) follow one's own interests and inclinations; be independent 照个人的爱好和意愿行事; 独立自主; 不受约束. first/last `thing early in the morning/late in the evening 一早[夜晚最後]（做的事）:

thing2
* I always take the dog for a short walk last thing before going to bed. 我总是在晚上就寝以前带狗去散散步. first things first => first1. for `one thing (used to introduce a reason for sth 用以引出某事的理由): * For one thing, I've no money; and for another I'm too busy. 一来我没钱, 二来我太忙. have a thing about sb/sth (infml 口) (a) be obsessed by sb/sth 对某人[某事物]耿耿於怀. (b) have a prejudice against sb/sth 对某人[某事物]有偏见: * I've got a thing about men with beards. 我腻味留胡子的人. know a thing or two => know. make a `thing of sth (infml 口) make a fuss about sth 对某事物小题大做: * I don't want to make a (big) thing of it but you have been late for work three times this week. 我并非想小题大做, 但你本星期上班已迟到叁次了. not know the first thingabout sth => know. (just) ,one of those `things an unfortunate event, experience, etc that one must accept as unavoidable 难免的倒霉事、 经历等. one (damned, etc) thing after a`nother a succession of unpleasant or unwelcome happenings 不愉快的或讨厌的事情连续发生. other things being `equal provided that circumstances elsewhere remain the same 假若其他情况相同. sure thing => sure. take it/things easy => easy2. taking ,one thing with a`nother considering every aspect of the situation 考虑情况的各个方面. the ,thing `is the question to be considered is 要考虑的问题是: * The thing is, can we afford a holiday? 问题在於我们能否付得起度假的费用? a ,thing of the `past thing that is old-fashioned or out of date 老式的或过时的事物: * The art of writing letters seems to be a thing of the past. 讲求写信的技巧似已过时. ,things that go ,bump in the `night (joc 谑) strange or frightening noises, etc 奇怪的或可怕的声音等. what with ,one thing and a`nother (infml 口) because of various duties, commitments, happenings, etc 因为各种任务、 承诺、 事情等:

thing3
* What with one thing and another, I forgot to tell you we couldn't come. 因为事情很多, 弄得我忘记告诉你我们不能来了.

thingummy
[5WiNEmi; 5WiNEmi] (also thingumajig/ 5WINEmEdVIg; `WINEmE9dVI^/, thingumabob[5WiNEmEbCb;'WiNEmE7bab] , thingy[5WiNi; 5WiNi] ) n (infml 口) personor thing whose name one does not know or has forgottenor does not wish to mention 某人, 某物（其名不详或已忘记或不愿提及）.

think
1[WiNk; WiNk] v (pt, pp thought/WC:t; WCt] ) 1 [I, Ipr]~ (about sth) use the mind in an active way to form connected ideas 想; 思索; 思考: * Are animals able to think? 动物能思考吗? * Think before you act, ie Do not act hastily or rashly. 先思而後行. * Let me think a moment, ie Give me time to think before I answer. 让我考虑一下. * He may not say much but he thinks a lot. 别看他说得不多, 但他想得很多. * Do you think in English or translate mentally from your own language? 你是用英语思考呢, 还是在头脑中把自己的语言翻译过来呢? * You're very quiet what are you thinking (about)? 你静静的不出声, 想什麽呢? 2 [Tf, Tw no passive 不用於被动语态, Cn.t esp passive 尤用於被动语态, Cn.a, Cn.n] have as an idea or opinion; consider 认为; 以为: * `Do you think (that) it's going to rain?’ `Yes, I think so.’ ‘你认为会下雨吗?’‘我想可能下.’ * `It's going to rain, I think.’ `Oh, I don't think so.’ ‘我看快要下雨了.’‘嗳, 我看下不了.’ * I think you're very brave. 我认为你很勇敢. * I think this is their house but I'm not sure. 我想这是他们家, 但不敢肯定. * Do you think it likely/that it is likely? 你认为这事可能吗? * I thought I heard a scream. 我好像听到了一声尖叫. * What do you think she'll do now? 现在你认为她要干什麽? * Who do you think you are? ie Why are you behaving in this overbearing, etc way? 你以为你很了不起吗? * a species long thought to be extinct 早就认为已经灭绝的种类 * He's thought to be one of the richest men in Europe. 人们认为他是欧洲最大的富翁之一. * You must think me very silly. 你准认为我很蠢. * Some people think him a possible future champion. 有些人认为他可能是未来的冠军. 3 [Tf] have or form as an intention or plan 有意; 打算; 计画: * I think I'll go for a swim. 我想游泳去. * It is thought that the Prime Minister will visit Moscow next month. 据估计首相於下月访问莫斯科.

think1
4 [Tw no passive 不用於被动语态] (used in negative sentences with can/could 用於否定句, 与can/could连用) form an idea of; imagine 料想; 想像: * I can't think what you mean. 我想像不出你是什麽意思. * We couldn't think where she'd gone to. 我们想不出来她到哪里去了. * You can't `think how glad I am to see you! 你无法想像我见到你有多高兴! 5 [Tw no passive 不用於被动语态] take into consideration; reflect 考虑; 深思; 细想: * Think how nice it would be to see them again. 想想能再次见到他们该有多好哇. * I was just thinking (to myself) what a long way it is. 我刚才还在琢磨着这条路多长啊. 6 [Tn, Tf, Tt] expect (sth) 预料到, 料想到（某事）: * Who'd have thought it? eg of a surprising event 谁能料到有这样的事呢? * I never thought (that) I'd see her again. 我从未想到还能见到她. * Who would havethought to find you here? 谁能料到你在这儿呢? 7 [I, Tn](infml 口 esp US) direct one's thoughts in a certain manner or to (a subject) 朝某一方面想; 专想（某件事）: * Let's think positive. 我们往好的方面想想吧. * If you want to make money you've got to think money. 你要是想赚钱, 脑子里就得想着钱. 8 (idm 习语) I `thought as much that is what I expected or suspected 我就是这麽想的; 果然不出我所料. see/think fit => fit1. ,think a`gain reconsider the situation and change one's idea or intention 重新考虑情况并改变想法或意图: * If you think I'm going to lend you my car you can think again!你要是以为我能把汽车借给你, 你还是另打主意吧! think a`loud express one's thoughts as they occur 边想边说出声来; 自言自语. think better of (doing) sth decide against (doing) sth after thinking further about it （深思後）决定不采纳某事物或不做某事. think (all) the better of sb have a higher opinion of sb 对某人有更高的评价. think nothing `of it (used as a polite response to apologies, thanks, etc 用作回应道歉、 感谢等的客气话). think nothing of sth/doing sth consider

think2
(doing) sth to be normal and not particularly unusual认为（做）某事很平常、 不特殊: * She thinks nothing of walking thirty miles a day. 她觉得一天走叁十英里无所谓. think twice about sth/doing sth think carefully before deciding to do sth 认真考虑後再决定做某事: * You should think twice about employing someone you've never met. 你要雇用素未谋面的人应叁思而行. think the world, highly, a lot, not much, poorly, little, etc of sb/sth (not used in the continuous tenses 不用於进行时态) have a good, poor, etc opinion of sb/sth对某人[某事物]评价高、 不高等: * His work is highly thought of by the critics. 他的作品深受评论家推崇. * I don't think much of my new teacher. 我认为我们的新老师不怎麽样. 9 (phr v) think about sb/sth (a) reflect upon sb/sth; recall sb/sth 回想或想起某人[某事]: Do you ever think about your childhood? 你是否回忆过童年的事? (b) take sb/sth into account; consider sb/sth 考虑到某人[某事物]: Don't you ever think about other people? 你从来就不考虑考虑别人吗? * All he ever thinks about is money. 他想的只是钱. think about sth/doing sthconsider or examine sth to see if it is desirable, practicable,etc 考虑或盘算某事（看是否可取、 可行等）: I'll think about it and let you know tomorrow. 我要把这事仔细想想, 明天再给你回话. * She's thinking about changing her job. 她正考虑要换个工作. think ahead (to sth) cast one's mind forward; anticipate(an event, a situation, etc) 预想, 预见（某事、 某情况等）. think back (to sth) recall and reconsider sth in the past 想起并重新考虑（过去的）某事; 反思. think for oneself form one's opinions, make decisions, etc independently 独立思考（形成看法、 做出决定等）. think of sth/doing sth (a) take sth into account; consider sth 考虑到某事物: There are so many things to think of before we decide. 我们要考虑到许多方面然後才能做决定.

think3
* You can't expect me to think of everything! 你不能指望我把什麽事都想到了! (b) contemplate the possibility of sth (without reaching a decision or taking action) 考虑某事的可能性（未做出决定亦未采取行动）: They're thinking of moving to America. 他们有意移居美国. * I did think of resigning, but I decided not to.我原来确实打算辞职, 但後来打消了这个念头. (c) imagine sth 想像某事物: Just think of the expense! 想想这笔开销吧! * To think of his not knowing (ie How surprising that he didn't know) about it! 想想看, 他对此事竟一无所知! (d) have the idea of sth 对某事物有见解 (often used with could, would, should, and not or never 常与could、 would、 should及not、 never连用): I couldn't think of letting you take the blame. 我没想到过能让你承担责任. * She would never think of marrying someone so old. 她从未想过嫁给年纪这麽大的人. (e) call sth to mind; remember sth 想起或记得某事物: I can't think of his name at the moment. 我一时想不起他的名字了. (f) put sth forward; suggest sth 提出或建议某事: Can anybody think of a way to raise money? 有人能想出筹款的办法吗? * Who first thought of the idea? 是谁先出的这个主意? think sth out consider sth carefully; produce (an idea, etc) by thinking 仔细思考某事; 想出（主意等）: Think out your answer before you start writing. 要想好答案再动笔. * a well-thought out plan 考虑周详的计画. think sth over reflect upon sth (esp before reaching a decision) 慎重思考某事（尤指做出决定之前）: Please think over what I've said. 请仔细考虑我说的话. * I'd like more time to think things over. 我要多用些时间把事情好好想想. think sth through consider (a problem, etc) fully 全面地考虑（问题等）. think sth up (infml 口) produce sth by thought; invent or devise sth 想出、 发明出或设计出某事物: There's no telling what he'll think up next. 谁也不知道他下次会想出什麽花样.

think4
* Can't you think up a better excuse than that? 难道你想不出比这个藉口更像样的了吗? 复合： `think-tank n [CGp] organization or group of expertsproviding advice and ideas on national or commercial problems （国家的或商业的）智囊团, 专家小组.

thinkable
[5WiNkEbl; 5WiNkEbl] adj [pred 作表语] (usuwith a negative 通常与否定词连用) that can be imagined; conceivable 可想像出来; 可想像: * Unemployment has reached a level that would not have been thinkable ten years ago. 失业问题已达到严重地步, 在十年前是难以想像的.

thinker
[5WiNkE(r); 5WiNkl] n (usu with an adj 通常与形容词连用) person who thinks deeply or in a specified way 深思的人; 用某方式思维的人; 思想家: * a great, an original, an important, etc thinker 伟大的、 有创见的、 卓越的...思想家.

thinking
[5WiNkiN; 5WiNkiN] adj [attrib 作定语] intelligent; rational; thoughtful 思想的; 理性的; 有思考力的: * All thinking people must hate violence. 凡是有理智的人都憎恶暴力行为. 派生： thinking n 1 [U] thought; reasoning 思想; 思考: do some hard thinking, ie think deeply 深思 * What's your thinking on (ie What do you think about) this question? 你对这个问题有什麽想法? 2 (idm 习语) to `my way of thinking => way1; Cf 参看 wishful thinking (wish). 复合： `thinking-cap n (idm 习语) put one's `thinking-cap on (infml 口) try to solve a problem by thinking about it 经思考而努力去解决问题.

third
[WE:d; WEd] pron, det 3rd; next after second 第3, 第叁（个）. =>App 4 见附录4. 派生： third n 1 one of three equal parts of sth 叁分之一. 2 ~ (in sth) (Brit) third class of university degree 大学的叁级荣誉学位: get a third in biology at Durham 获达勒姆大学生物系叁级荣誉学位. thirdly adv in the third position or place 第叁位; 第叁点. =>Usage at first2 用法见first2. 复合： ,third de`gree long and severe questioning; use of torture to make sb confess or give information 疲劳讯问; 刑讯; 逼供. ,third degree `burn very serious burn on the skin 叁度烧伤. the ,third di`mension the dimension of height 第叁维（指高度）. ,third `party another person besides the two main peopleinvolved 第叁者. ,third-party in`surance insurance that gives protection against damage or injury caused by the insured person to other people 第叁者责任保险. ,third-`rate adj of very poor quality 叁流的; 叁等的; 劣质的: a ,third-rate `film 差劲的电影. the ,Third `World the developing countries of Africa,Asia and Latin America, esp those not politically alignedwith Communist or Western nations 第叁世界: [attrib 作定语] ,third-world `countries 第叁世界国家. For the uses of third see the examples at fifth. 关於third的用法见fifth词条中的示例.

thirst
[WE:st; WEst] n 1 (a) [U, sing] feeling caused by a desire or need to drink 渴: * quench (ie satisfy) one's thirst with a long drink of water 喝很多水来解渴 * Working in the sun soon gave us a (powerful) thirst. 我们在烈日下干活儿, 很快就觉得渴（极）了. (b) [U] suffering caused by this 渴: * They lost their way in the desert and died of thirst. 他们在沙漠中迷路而渴死了. 2 [sing] ~ (for sth) (fig 比喻) strong desire; craving 热望; 渴望; 渴求: * a/the thirst for knowledge, fame, revenge 渴求知识、 渴望成名、 决心复仇. 派生： thirst v 1 [I] (arch 古) feel a need to drink 渴. 2 (phr v) thirst for sth be eager for sth 渴求某事物: thirsting for revenge 一定要报仇. thirsty adj (-ier, -iest) 1 ~ (for sth) feeling thirst 渴的: be/feel thirsty 感到渴 * Salty food makes you thirsty. 吃了咸的就觉得渴. * (fig 比喻) The team is thirsty for success. 该队渴望获得成功. 2 ~ (for sth) (of land) in need of water （指土地）缺水的, 乾旱的: fields thirsty for rain 乾旱缺雨的田地. 3 (infml 口) causing thirst 使人渴的: thirsty work 让人觉得渴的工作. thirstily[-ili; -ili] adv: * They drank thirstily. 他们渴得大喝一阵.

thirteen
[7WE:'ti:n; WE'tin] pron, det 13; one more than twelve 13, 十叁（个）. =>App 4 见附录4. 派生： thirteen n the number 13 *13; 十叁. thirteenth[7WE:'ti:nW; WE'tinW] pron, det 13th; next after twelfth 第13, 第十叁（个）. n one of thirteen equal parts of sth 十叁分之一. For the uses of thirteen and thirteenth see five and fifth. 关於thirteen和thirteenth的用法见five和fifth词条中的示例.

thirty
[5WE:ti; 5WEti] pron, det 30; one more than twenty-nine 30, 叁十（个）. =>App 4 见附录4. 派生： thirtieth[5WE:tiEW; 5WEtiiW] pron, det 30th; next after twenty-ninth 第30, 第叁十（个）. n one of thirty equal parts of sth 叁十分之一. thirty n 1 [C] the number 30 *30; 叁十. 2 the thirties n [pl] numbers, years or temperature from 30 to 39 从30到39的数目、 年数或温度. 3 (idm 习语) in one's thirties between the ages of 30 and 40 在30岁到40岁之间. For the uses of thirty and thirtieth see the examples at fifty, five and fifth. 关於thirty和thirtieth的用法见fifty、 five和fifth词条中的示例.

this
[Tis; Tis] det, pron (pl these/Ti:z; Tiz] ) 1 (used to refer to a person, a thing, a place or an event that is close to the speaker/writer, esp when compared with another 用以指较近的人、 物、 地方或事情, 尤用於与他者比较时): * Come here and look at this picture. 过来看看这幅画. * These shoes are more comfortable than those. 这双鞋比那双穿着舒服. * Is this the book you mean? 这是你说的那本书吗? * Would you give her these? 你要把这些给她吗? * What's all this noise about? 这些响声是怎麽回事? * What's this I hear about your getting married? 我听说你结婚了, 这是怎麽回事? * This is my husband. 这是我丈夫. 2 (used to refer to sb/sth previously mentioned 用以指前面提到过的某人[某事物]): * Jane wrote a letter to a newspaper. This letter contained some startling allegations. 简给报社写了封信. 这封信里有些极其严重的指责. 3 (used to introduce sth 用以引出某事物): * Listen to this: * a boy in London has died of rabies. 你听听这件事: * 伦敦有一个男孩儿得狂犬病死了. * Do it like this, ie in this way. 照这样去做.4 (used with days or periods of time related to the present 与包括现在的日子或一段时间的词语连用): * this (ie the current) week, month, year, etc 本周、 月、 年等 * this morning, ie today in the morning 今晨 * this Tuesday, ie Tuesday of this week 这个星期二 * this minute, ie now 现在 * these days, ie currently; recently 近来. =>Usage at last1 用法见last1. 5 (infml 口) (used in front of a n followed by a possessive 用於後接属有格的名词之前): * When are we going to see this car of yours? 我们什麽时候去看你这辆汽车? * These jeans of mine are dirty. 我的这条牛仔裤脏了. * This friend of hers is said to be very rich. 她的这个朋友据说很有钱.6 (infml 口) (used to refer to people and things in a narrative 用以指叙述中的人或事物) a certain 某一个:

this1
* There was this peculiar man sitting opposite me in the train. 在火车上有个挺特别的男人坐在我对面. 7 (idm 习语) ,this and `that; ,this, that and the `other various things, activities, etc 各种各样的事物、 活动等: * `What did you talk about?’ `Oh, this and that.’ ‘你刚才谈什麽来着?’‘噢, 东一件事西一件事什麽都谈.’ 派生： this adv to this degree; so 到此程度; 如此: It's about this high. 大约有这麽高. * I didn't think we'd get this far, ie as far as this. 我没想到我们会走这麽远. * Can you afford this much (ie as much as this)? 你花得起这麽多钱吗? Cf 参看 that1, 2.

thistle
[5Wisl; 5Wisl] n any of various types of wild plant with prickly leaves and purple, white or yellow flowers (the national emblem of Scotland) 蓟（野生, 叶有刺, 花呈紫色、 白色或黄色, 为苏格兰的民族象徵）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page ii. 复合： `thistledown n [U] light fluff that contains thistle seeds and is blown from thistle plants by the wind 蓟种子冠毛: as light as thistledown 轻如蓟的冠毛.

thither
[5TiTE(r); 5TiTl] adv 1 (arch 古) to or towards that place 到那里; 向那里. 2 (idm 习语) hither and thither => hither.

tho'
=> though.

thole
[WEul; Wol] (also `thole-pin) n peg set in the gunwale of a boat to keep an oar secure 桨叉; 桨耳. Cf 参看 rowlock.

thong
[WCN; - WC:N; WCN] n 1 narrow strip of leather used as a fastening, whip, etc （用以系物、 作鞭子等的）窄长的皮带. 2 (?@) = flip-flop.

thorax
[5WC:rAks; 5WorAks] n (pl ~es or thoraces/ WR:5reIsi:z; `WorE9siz/) 1 part of the body between the neck and the abdomen (eg, in man, the chest) 胸（如人的）. 2 middle of the three main sections of an insect (bearing the legs and wings) （昆虫的）胸部. =>illus at insect 见insect插图.

thorn
[WC:n; WCrn] n 1 [C] sharp pointed growth on the stem of a plant （植物的）刺, 棘刺: * The thorns on the roses scratched her hands. 玫瑰上的刺把她的手划了. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page ii. 2 [C, U] (usu in compounds 通常用以构成复合词) thorny tree or shrub 带刺的树; 荆棘: * `hawthorn 山楂 * `blackthorn 黑刺李 * [attrib 作定语] a thorn hedge 荆刺树篱. 3 (idm 习语) a thorn in one's flesh/side person or thing that continually annoys or hinders one 不断惹人烦恼或造成妨碍的人或事物: * He's been a thorn in my side ever since he joined this department. 他自从到了这个部门就总让我不得安生. 派生： thorny adj (-ier, -iest) 1 having thorns 有刺的; 多刺的. 2 (fig 比喻) causing difficulty or disagreement 造成困难的; 引起不合的: a thorny problem, subject, issue, etc 棘手的问题.

thorough
[5WQrE; - 'WQrEu; 5WQro] adj 1 (a) [usu attrib 通常作定语] done completely and with great attention to detail; not superficial 彻底的; 完全的; 细致的; 深入的: * aim to provide a thorough training in all aspects of the work 旨在为这项工作提供各方面的严格训练 * give the room a thorough cleaning 把房间彻底打扫一番. (b) doing things in this way 做事彻底的、 全面的、 细致的或深入的: * He's a slow worker but very thorough. 他做事慢, 但非常仔细. 2 [attrib 作定语] (derog 贬) utter; complete 十足的; 彻头彻尾的: * That woman is a thoroughnuisance. 那个女人讨厌透了. > thoroughly adv: * The work had not been done very thoroughly. 这工作做得不太彻底. * He's a thoroughly nice person. 他是个大好人.* I'm thoroughly fed up with you. 我觉得你烦透了. thoroughness n [U]. 复合： `thoroughgoing adj [attrib 作定语] thorough(1a, 2)做事彻底的、 全面的、 细致的或深入的: a thoroughgoingrevision 认真仔细的校订 * It was all a thoroughgoing waste of time. 那完全是浪费时间.

thoroughbred
[5WQrEbred; 5WQrE7bred] (also `pure-bred) n, adj (animal, esp a horse) of pure or pedigree stock 纯种的; 纯种动物（尤指马）: * breeding thoroughbred racehorses 饲养纯种赛马.

thoroughfare
[5WQrEfeE(r); 5WEo7fer] n public road or street that is open at both ends, esp for traffic 大道;大街; 通衢: * The Strand is one of London's busiest thoroughfares. 斯特兰德大街是伦敦最热闹的要道之一. * No thoroughfare, ie on a sign, indicating that a road is private or that there is no way through 此路不通（告示字样, 指为私人的或无法通过的路）.

those
=> that1, 2.

thou
[Tau; Tau] pers pron 人称代词 (arch 古) (used as the second person singular subject of a v 用作第二人称单数动词的主体) you 汝; 你: * Who art thou? 汝何人也?

though
(also tho')[TEu; To] conj 1 (more formal when used at the beginning of the sentence 用於句首时较为庄重) despite the fact that; although 虽然; 虽则; 尽管: * She won first prize, though none of us had expected it. 她得了头奖, 虽然这件事我们都没想到. * Strange though it may seem..., ie Although it seems strange... 尽管这事似乎很奇怪... * Though they lack official support they continue their struggle. 他们虽然没有得到官方的支持, 但仍继续奋斗. 2 (used to introduce a clause at the end of a sentence 用以引出位於句末的从句) all thesame; but 然而; 但是; 可是; 不过: * I'll try to come, thoughI doubt if I'll be there on time. 我尽量来, 但不敢说能准时到. * He'll probably say no, though it's worth trying. 他很可能不同意, 但不妨去试探一下. =>Usage at although 用法见although. 派生： though adv (infml 口) in spite of this; however 虽然如此; 然而; 但是; 可是; 不过: I expect you're right I'll ask him, though. 我认为你说得对--我去问问他也好. * She promised to phone. I heard nothing, though. 她答应要打电话来. 可我没听到回信儿.

thought
1 pt, pp of think1.

thousand
[5Wauznd; 5Wauznd] pron, det 1 (after a or one, an indication of quantity; no pl form 用於a或one之後表示数量, 无复数形式) 1000; ten hundred 1000, 千（个）: * (infml 口) I've got a thousand and one (ie many) things to do. 我有许多事要做. =>App 4 见附录4. 2 (idm 习语) one, etc in a thousand = one, etc in a million (million). 派生： thousand n (sing after a or one, but often pl 用於a或one之後时作单数, 但常用其复数形式) the number 1000 *1000; 千. thousandfold[-fEuld; -7fold] adj, adv one thousand times as much or as many 千倍的; 成千倍. thousandth[5WauznW; 5WauznW] pron, det 1000th; next after nine hundred and ninety-ninth 第1000, 第一千（个）. n one of one thousand equal parts of sth 千分之一. 复合： ,Thousand Island `dressing salad dressing made of mayonnaise with ketchup and chopped pickles, etc 千岛色拉酱（用蛋黄酱、 番茄酱、 碎泡菜等配制的）. For the uses of thousand and thousandth see the examplesat hundred and hundredth. 关於thousand和thousandth的用法见hundred和hundredth词条中的示例.

thrash
[WrAF; WrAF] v 1 [Tn] beat (a person or an animal) with a stick or whip, esp as a punishment （用棍或鞭）打或抽（人或动物）（尤指惩罚）. 2 [Tn] hit (sth) with repeated blows 连续击打（某物）: * The whale thrashed the water with its tail. 那条鲸鱼不住地用尾巴击水. 3 [Tn] defeat (sb) thoroughly in a contest （在比赛中）彻底击败（某人）: * Chelsea were thrashed 6-1 by Leeds. 切尔西队被利兹队以6比1打得一败涂地. 4 [I, Ip] ~(about/around) make violent or convulsive movements激烈地运动、 活动或移动: * Swimmers thrashing about in the water. 游泳的人在水中用力打水. 5 [Tn] = thresh. 6 (phr v) thrash sth out (a) discuss sth thoroughly and frankly 深入而坦率地商讨某事: * call a meeting to thrash out the problem 召集会议深入讨论该问题. (b) produce sth by discussion of this kind 藉深入而坦率的商讨产生某事物: * After much argument we thrashed out a plan. 我们经充分地讨论制定出一个计画. 派生： thrashing n 1 beating 打; 殴打: give sb/get a good thrashing 痛打某人[挨狠打]. 2 severe defeat 大败; 惨败: Leeds celebrated their 6-1 thrashing of Chelsea. 利兹队欢庆以6比1大胜切尔西队.

thread
[Wred; Wred] n 1 [C, U] (length of) spun cotton, wool, silk, etc; thin strand of nylon, etc （一段）棉、 毛、 丝等线; 细股尼龙等: * loose threads 未捻紧的线 * a needle and thread, ie for sewing 针线（用於缝纫的） * a robe embroidered with gold thread 用金线咳的长袍.2 [C] ~ (of sth) (fig 比喻) very thin thing resembling a thread 细如线状的东西: * fine threads of red in the marble 大理石上的红色线状花纹 * A thread of light emerged from the keyhole. 从钥匙孔透出一线亮光.3 [C] (fig 比喻) line of thought connecting parts of a story, etc （贯穿故事等各部分的）线索, 脉络: * pick/take up the thread(s), ie continue after an interruption 接上 线（中断後的联系） * The chairman gathered up the threads of the debate, ie summarized what had been said. 主席把辩论中的各种意见概括了一下. 4 [C] spiral ridge of a screw or bolt 螺纹. =>illus at screw 见screw插图. 5 threads [pl] (US sl 俚) clothes 衣物; 衣服.6 (idm 习语) hang by a hair/a single thread => hang1. lose the thread => lose. 派生： thread v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] (a) pass thread, string, etcthrough (sth) 将线、 细绳、 带子等穿过（某物）; 纫: threada needle (with cotton) （用线）纫针. (b) put (beads, etc) on a thread, etc 将（珠子等）穿在线等上: threading pearls (on a string) to make a necklace 把珍珠穿（在绳）上做项 . 2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] pass (film, tape, string, etc) through sth and into the required position for use 将（影片、 带子、 绳子等）穿过某物置於备用位置: thread film in(to a projector) 把影片装进（放映机里）去 * thread the wire through (the pulley) 把金属丝穿进（滑轮）去. 3 (idm 习语) thread one's way through (sth) go carefully or with difficulty through (sth) 小心地穿过或挤过（某物）: threading my way through the crowded streets （我）小心地穿过拥挤的街道. `threadlike adj resembling a thread; long and slender 如线般的; 细长的: threadlike strands of glass fibre 线一般细的玻璃纤维.

thread1
复合： `threadbare[-beE(r); -7ber] adj 1 (of cloth, clothing,etc) worn thin; shabby （指织物、 衣服等）磨薄的, 破旧的: * a threadbare carpet, coat 破烂的地毯、 大衣. 2 (fig 比喻) too often used or too well known to be effective; hackneyed 因经常使用或尽人皆知而无效力的; 陈腐的: * a threadbare argument, joke, plot 陈旧的论点、 笑话、 情节.

threat
[Wret; Wret] n 1 [C, U] expression of one's intention to punish or harm sb, esp if he does not obey 恐吓; 威胁: * make/utter threats (against sb) （对某人）恐吓 * carry out a threat (to do sth) 威胁（要做某事） * an empty threat, ie one that cannot be put into effect 虚张声势的威胁 * He is impervious to threat(s). 他不怕恐吓. 2 [C usu sing, U 作可数名词时通常作单数, 亦作不可数名词] ~ (to sb/sth) (of sth) indication or warning of future danger, trouble, etc （对险阻等的）前兆, 预兆: * This constitutes a threat to national security. 这对国家安全是不祥之兆. * a country living under the constant threat of famine 生活在 馑之灾长期笼罩下的国家 * some threat of rain 有雨的某些徵兆 * The railway is under threat of closure. 那条铁路有停止运营的迹象. 3 [C usu sing 通常作单数] person or thing regarded as likely to cause danger or ruin 可能造成危险或损害的人或事物: * Terrorism is a threat to the whole country. 恐怖主义是整个国家的祸根.

threaten
[Wretn; 5Wretn] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (with sth) make a threat or threats against sb; try to influence sb by threats 恐吓或威胁某人: * threaten an employee with dismissal 以开除要挟雇员 * My attacker threatened me with a gun. 攻击我的人用枪威胁我. 2 [Tn, Tt] use (sth) as a threat 用（某事）相要挟: * He threatened legal action. 他以起诉相要挟. * The hijackers threatened to kill all the passengers if their demands were not met. 劫机者扬言若不满足他们的要求, 就把乘客都杀死. 3(a) [It, Tn] give warning of (sth) 预示（某事）: * It keeps threatening to snow, ie Snow seems likely all the time. 天总像是要下雪. * The clouds threatened rain. 有乌云预示要下雨. (b) [I, It] seem likely to occur or to do sth undesirable 似将发生; 似将做出令人不快的事: * under a threatening sky 在阴沉的天空下 * If a gale threatens, do not go to sea. 假若要起风, 就不要出海. * a mistake that threatens to be costly 可能造成重大损失的错误. 4 [Tn] be a threat to (sb/sth) 对（某人[某事]）构成威胁: * the dangers that threaten us 威胁着我们的种种危险 * a species threatened by/with extinction 有灭绝之虞的物种.> threateningly adv: * The dog growled at me threateningly.那条狗对着我狂吠, 很吓人.

three
[Wri:; Wri] pron, det 1 3; one more than two 3, 叁（个）. =>App 4 见附录4. 2 (idm 习语) by/in twos and threes => two. 派生： three n the number 3 *3; 叁. three- (in compounds 用以构成复合词) having three of the thing specified 具有叁个所示之事物: a ,three-cornered `hat 叁角帽 * a ,three-day e`vent 叁日赛（全面马术测验竞赛）. 复合： ,three-`decker n 1 (formerly) sailing-ship with three decks （旧时）叁层甲板船. 2 anything with three layers, esp a sandwich or a cake 任何叁层之物（尤指叁明治或蛋糕）. ,three-di`mensional (also three-D, 3-D[7Wri:'di:;7Wri 'di] ) adj having the three dimensions of length, breadth and depth 有叁度空间的; 立体的; 叁维的:a ,three-dimensional `object 立体物体. `threefold adj, adv three times as much or as many 叁重（的）; 叁倍（的）. three-legged race[7Wri:legid 'reis; 7Wri5legid 'res] race in which competitors run in pairs, the right leg of one runner being tied to the left leg of the other 叁足赛跑（参赛者两人一组, 将一人左腿与另一人右腿绑在一起跑）. ,three-line `whip (Brit) written notice to Members of Parliament from their party leader insisting that they attend a debate and vote in a particular way （政党领袖要求本党议员出席辩论并按指示投票的）书面通知. threepence/ 9Wri:5pens, formerly 旧时读作 5Wrepns;`WrIpEns, `WrZpEns] n [U] (Brit) (esp formerly) sum of three pence （尤指旧时）叁便士. `threepenny[5WrepEni, 'WrQpEni; 5WripEni] [attrib 作定语] (Brit) costing or worth three pence 叁便士的. threepenny bit[7Wrepni 'bit; 7Wri7pEni 'bit] former British coin worth three pence （英国旧时的）叁便士硬币. `three-piece adj consisting of three separate pieces 叁件一套的: a ,three-piece `suit, ie a set of clothes consistingof a skirt or trousers, a blouse and a jacket for a woman, or trousers, a waistcoat and a jacket for a man 叁件式套服（女服为裙或裤加衬衫和外套, 男服为西装衣裤加西装背心）

three1
* a ,three-piece `suite, ie a set of three pieces of furniture (usu a sofa and two armchairs) 叁件一套的家具（通常指一个长沙发和两个单座沙发）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xvi. ,three-point `turn method of turning a car, etc in a small space by driving forwards, then backwards, then forwards again 叁点掉头（汽车等窄路掉头法, 先向前、 再退後、 再向前而成）. `three-ply adj (of wool, wood, etc) having three strands or thicknesses （指毛线、 木材等）叁股的, 叁层的. ,three-`quarter adj [attrib 作定语] consisting of three quarters of a whole 四分之叁的: a three-quarter length coat 短大衣. n (in Rugby football) player with a position between the half-backs and the full-back （英式橄榄球）中卫. the three `Rs =>R n. `threescore det (arch 古) sixty 六十. threesome[5Wri:sEm; 5WrisEm] n 1 group of three people; trio 叁人一组; 叁个一组. 2 game played by three people 叁人玩的游戏或比赛. For the uses of three see the examples at five. 关於three的用法见five词条中的示例.

thresh
[WreF; WreF] v [I, Tn] beat out or separate (grain) from husks of wheat, etc using a machine or (esp formerly) an implement held in the hand （用机器）脱粒; （尤指旧时以手持工具）打麦等. 派生： thresher n person or machine that threshes 打谷者; 脱粒机.

threshold
[5WreFhEuld; 5WreFhold] n 1 piece of wood or stone forming the bottom of a doorway 门槛. 2 entrance of a house, etc （房屋等的）门口: * cross the threshold, ie enter 跨过门槛（进入）. 3 (usu sing 通常作单数) (fig 比喻) point of entering or beginning sth 入门; 起点; 开端: * He was on the threshold of his career. 他的事业刚刚起步. * at the threshold of a new era in medicine 医学领域新时代的开端. 4 (medical or psychology 医或心) limit below which a person does not react to a stimulus 阈: * above/below the threshold of consciousness 阈上[下]知觉 * have a high/low pain threshold, ie be able to endure much/little pain, eg during illness 有很高[低]的痛觉阈.

threw
pt of throw1.

thrift
[Wrift; Wrift] n [U] 1 careful or economical use of money or resources 节俭; 节约. 2 (also sea-pink) seashore or alpine plant with bright pink flowers 海石竹（沿海或高山植物, 开鲜艳的粉红色花）. 派生： thrifty adj (-ier, -iest) showing thrift; economical 节 俭的; 节约的. thriftily[-ili; -ili] adv. thriftiness n [U].

thrill
[Wril; Wril] n 1 (a) wave of excited feeling; nervoustremor 兴奋; 激动; 紧张; 震颤: * a thrill of joy, fear, horror,etc 一阵欢乐、 害怕、 恐怖等 * He gets his thrills from rock-climbing. 他从攀岩运动中得到兴奋、 刺激的感受. * With a thrill I realized that I had won. 我意识到自己获得了胜利, 心里一阵激动. (b) experience causing this 引起激动等的经历: * It was a real thrill to meet the Queen. 能见到女王的确是令人兴奋的事. * the thrill of a lifetime 一生中最令人激动的经历. 2 (idm 习语) (the) thrills and spills excitement caused by taking part in or watching dangerous sports or entertainments （参加或观看危险的文体活动或表演所感受的）紧张和刺激. 派生： thrill v 1 [Tn, Tnt esp passive 尤用於被动语态] cause (sb) to feel a thrill or thrills 使（某人）感到兴奋或激动: a thrilling experience 令人激动的经历 * The film thrilled the audience. 那部电影对观众很有刺激性. * I was thrilled by her beauty. 她花容月貌教我一见倾心. * We were thrilled to hear your wonderful news. 我们听到你的好消息非常兴奋. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) feel a thrill or thrills 感到兴奋或激动: a film to make you thrill with excitement 使人兴奋已极的电影. 3 (idm 习语) (be) thrilled to `bits (infml 口) (be) extremely pleased 非常愉快: The children were thrilled to bits by their presents. 孩子们得到礼物高兴极了. thriller n novel, play or film with an exciting and gripping plot, esp one involving crime 情节扣人心弦的小说、 戏剧或电影（尤指关於罪案的）: [attrib 作定语] a thriller writer 写惊险故事的作家.

thrive
[Wraiv; Wraiv] v (pt thrived or throve/WrEuv; Wrov] ,pp thrived or, in archaic use, 古语拼作 thriven[5Wrivn; 5WrivEn] ) [I, Ipr] ~ (on sth) grow or develop well and vigorously; prosper 茁壮成长; 蓬勃发展; 繁荣: * a thriving industry 蓬勃发展的工业 * A business cannot thrive without investment. 企业缺少了投资就不会兴旺. * He thrives on criticism. 他接受批评而不断进步.

throat
[WrEut; Wrot] n 1 front part of the neck 颈（脖子的前面部分）: * grab sb by the throat 掐住某人的颈部. 2 passage in the neck through which food passes to the stomach and air passes to the lungs 咽; 咽头; 咽喉; 喉咙; 嗓子: * clear one's throat, ie by coughing, to remove phlegm or hoarseness 清清嗓子 * A fish bone has stuck in my throat. 一根鱼刺卡在我嗓子里了. * The victim's throat had been cut. 遇害者喉咙被割断了. =>illus 见插图. 3 (idm 习语) cut one's own `throat (infml 口) act in such a way as to harm oneself or one's interests, by being foolish, stubborn, etc （因愚蠢、 顽固等）做损害自己或自己利益的事, 卡自己的脖子. force, thrust, ram, etc sth down sb's `throat (infml 口) try to make sb accept or listen to (one's views, beliefs, etc) 勉强某人接受或听取（观点、 信仰等）: * I do dislike having her extremist ideas rammed down my throat. 我十分厌恶她强加於我的那些偏激观念. have, etc a frog in one's throat => frog. have, etc a lump in one's/the throat => lump1. jump down sb's throat => jump2. lie in/through one's teeth/throat => lie1. stick in one's throat => stick2. 派生： -throated (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having a throat of the specified type or colour 有某种特点的嗓音; 有某种颜色的颈部: a deep-throated roar 低沉的吼叫 * a red-throated bird 红颈的鸟. throaty adj (-ier, -iest) (a) uttered deep in the throat; guttural 喉音的; 发自喉部的: a throaty laugh 低沉的笑声. (b) sounding hoarse 声音嘶哑的: a throaty cough 沙哑的咳嗽声. throatily[-ili; -ili] adv. throatiness n [U].

throb
[WrCb; Wrab] v (-bb-) [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) 1 (of the heart, pulse, etc) beat, esp faster or stronger thanusual （指心脏、 脉搏等）跳动（尤指跳动较快或较强）; 悸动; 搏动: * His head throbbed, ie He had a bad headache.他头痛得很厉害. * Her heart was throbbing with excitement.她兴奋得心直跳. 2 vibrate or sound with a persistent rhythm （有规律地）跳动、 震颤或发出声响: * a throbbing wound, ie one that gives steadily pulsating pain 阵阵疼痛的伤口 * The ship's engines throbbed quietly. 船上的发动机发出轻微的震动. * a voice throbbing with emotion 激动得声音颤抖. 派生： throb n steady continuous beat 平稳而连续的跳动或震颤: throbs of joy, pain, pleasure, etc 阵阵的欢乐、 疼痛、 愉快等 * the throb of distant drums 远处阵阵的鼓声.

throes
[WrEuz; Wroz] n [pl] 1 severe pains 剧痛: * the throes of childbirth 分娩时的阵痛 * death throes 临终的痛苦. 2 (idm 习语) in the throes of sth/of doing sth (infml 口) struggling with the task of sth/of doing sth 为完成某事而拚搏; 苦干: * in the throes of moving house 为搬家而辛劳.

thrombosis
[WrCm'bEusis; Wram'bosis] n (pl -boses[- 5bEUsi:z; -`bosiz/) [C, U] formation of a clot of blood in a blood-vessel or in the heart 血栓形成: * coronary thrombosis 冠状动脉血栓形成.

throne
[WrEun; Wron] n 1 [C] special chair or seat used by a king, queen, bishop, etc during ceremonies （国王、 君主、 主教等的）宝座, 御座. 2 the throne [sing] royal authority or power 王权; 王位; 帝位: * Queen Elizabeth II succeeded to the throne in 1952. 伊丽莎白二世女王於1952年即位. * Albania lost its throne (ie ceased to be a monarchy) after the war. 阿尔巴尼亚於战後废除了君主制. * come to/ascend/mount the throne, ie become king or queen 即位 * be on the throne, ie be king or queen 在位. 3 (idm 习语) the power behind the throne => power.

throng
[WrCN; - WrC:N; WrCN] n crowded mass of people or things 拥挤的人群; 繁多的事物: * a throng of fans waiting to see the star 等着看球星的大群球迷 * throngs of flies filled the air 空中的蝇群. 派生： throng v 1 [Ipr, Ip, It] move or press in a crowd 群集; 拥塞: The students thronged forward as the exam results were announced. 公布考试结果时学生们都拥上前去. * People are thronging to (see) his new play. 人们成群结队地去看他那出新戏. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr esp passive 尤用於被动语态] ~ sth (with sb/sth) fill (a place) with a crowd （人群）挤满（某处）: Crowds thronged the main square of the city. 城里的大广场上挤满了人群. * The airport was thronged with holiday-makers. 飞机场挤满了去度假的人.

throttle
[5WrCtl; 5Wratl] v 1 [Tn] seize (sb) by the throat and stop him breathing; choke; strangle 扼（某人）的颈部; 使窒息; 勒死: * throttled the guard before robbing the safe 勒死警卫然後抢保险箱 * (fig 比喻) accused the government of throttling the freedom of the press 谴责政府扼杀新闻自由. 2 (phr v) throttle (sth) back/down control the supply of fuel, steam, etc in order to reduce the speed of (an engine or a vehicle) 控制燃料、 蒸汽等的供给以降低（发动机或车）的速度. 派生： throttle n valve controlling the supply of fuel, steam, etc to an engine; lever or pedal operating this 节流阀; 节气门; 风门; （油门或气门的）节流杆或踏板: open (out)[close the throttle 开[关]节气门 * at full/half throttle, ie with the throttle completely/half open 以全[半]速 * take one's foot off the throttle, ie off the accelerator, in a car 脚离开（汽车的）油门踏板.

through
(US also thru)[Wru:; Wru] prep (For special uses with many vs, eg get through sth, see through sb/sth, see the v entries. 可与许多动词连用, 如get through sth、 see through sb/sth, 其释义见各动词词条. ) 1 (a) from one end or side of (a channel, passage, etc) to the other 从（水、 陆通道等）的一端至另一端; 穿过; 贯穿; 经过: * The River Thames flows through London. 泰晤士河流经伦敦. * The burglar got in through the window. 窃贼是从窗户进来的. * Air pressure forces the water through the pipe. 空气压力使水通过管道. (b) from one side of (a surface or screen) to the other 从（物体表面或屏、 幕）的一边至另一边; 透过; 穿过: * You can see through glass. 可以透过玻璃看过去. * He could see three people through the mist. 他透过雾能看见叁个人. * She drained the water out through a sieve. 她用漏杓把水控出去. * Cars are not allowed to go through the city centre.禁止汽车从市中心穿行. * We had to wade through the river to the opposite bank. 我们只好涉水过河到对岸. (c) passing from one side to the other of (sth hard or resistant) 从（坚硬的或有阻力的某物）的一边到另一边; 穿透: * His knees have gone through (ie made holes in) his jeans again. 他的膝盖又把牛仔裤给磨破了. * You need a sharp knife to cut through the knot. 你需用快刀才能把结切断. * The bullet went straight through him. 子弹把他穿透了. * The blood soaked through his shirt and stained his jacket. 他的血透过衬衫染污了上衣. * I can't feel anything through these gloves. 我戴着手套什麽都摸不出来. (d) (moving) from one side to the other of (sth which has height and may obstruct movement) 从（较高的或妨碍运动的某物）的一边到另一边: * He was running through the streets. 他跑着穿过条条街道. * The dog rushed straight through the flower-bed. 那条狗直蹿过花坛. * The path led through the trees to the river. 那条小路穿过树林通向河边.

through1
* The doctor pushed through the crowd to get to the injured man. 医生挤过人群来到受伤的男子面前. * She made her way through the traffic to the other side of the road. 她穿过来往的车辆走到路的对面. Cf 参看 across2. 2 from the beginning to the end of (sth) 从（某事）的开始至结束; 自始至终; 从头到尾: * He will not live through the night, ie He will die before morning. 他活不过今天夜里了. * The children are too young to sit through a long concert. 这些孩子太小, 音乐会时间长他们就坐不住了. * She nursed me through my long illness. 我病了很长时间, 她都一直护理着我. * I'm half-way through (reading) his second novel. 他写的第二本小说我正看了一半儿. 3 (US) up to and including; until 一直到并包括; 直至: * stay in London Tuesday thru Friday 从星期二到星期五一直呆在伦敦. 4 (a) (indicating the agent or means 表示作用物或方法): * I heard of the job through a newspaper advertisement. 我从报上的广告中知道了这个工作. * It was through you (ie as a result of your help) that we were able to meet again. 全仗你的帮助我们才能重聚. (b) (indicating the cause or reason 表示原因或理由): * We missed the plane through being held up on the motorway. 由於高速公路上交通阻塞, 我们误了班机. * The accident happened through no fault of mine. 出了这一事故并非我的过错. * The vase was broken through carelessness. 由於不小心打破了花瓶. 5 past (a barrier) or avoiding (a control imposed by law) 通过（障碍）; 避开（法律的约束）: * How did you manage to get all that wine through Customs?你是怎样使那些酒都通过海关检查的? * He drove through a red light (ie passed it without stopping) and a policeman saw him. 他开车闯红灯让警察看见了. 派生： through (US also thru) adv part (For special uses with many vs, eg go through with sth, pull through, see the v entries. 可与许多动词连用, 如go through with sth、 pull through, 其释义见各动词词条. )

through2
1 from one side of sth to the other 从某物的一边到另一边: Put the coffee in the filter and let the water run through. 把咖啡倒入滤器里让水流过. * The tyre's flat the nail has gone right through. 轮胎瘪了--钉子把它扎透了. * We're coming to a farmyard I suppose we can just walk through. 我们来到一个农家场院--我看我们可以径直走着穿过去. * It's a bit crowded in here can you get through? 这里有些挤--你过得去吗? * The flood was too deep to drive through. 水太深汽车开不过去. 2 from the beginning to the end of sth 某事的自始至终; 从头到尾: Don't tell me how it ends I haven't read all the way through yet. 先别告诉我书的结尾--我还没看完呢. * We had an awful storm last night but the baby slept right through. 昨夜我们这里风雨很大, 这孩子却一直睡着没醒. 3 past a barrier or avoiding a control imposed by law 通过障碍; 逃避法律的约束: The light was red but the ambulance drove straight through. 红灯亮着, 但救护车闯了过去. 4 all the way into and out of a place 一直进入或离开某地: This train goes straight through, ie without stopping. 这是直通车. * [attrib 作定语] two `through trains a day 每天有两次直达列车 * `through traffic 联运 * No `through road, ie The road is closed atone end. 此路不通. 5 (a) (Brit) connected by telephone接通电话: Ask to be put through to me personally. 你告诉接电话的人, 要求和我本人通电话. * I tried to ring youbut I couldn't get through, eg because the line was engagedor faulty. 我给你打过电话, 但没打通（如因占线或线路故障）. * You're through now, ie You can begin to speak. 您的电话接通了. (b) (US) ready to end a telephonecall （准备）结束电话通话: How soon will you be through?您要用多长时间打完电话? 6 (idm 习语) ,throughand `through completely 完全; 彻底: He's an Englishmanthrough and through, ie He has many typically English characteristics. 他是地地道道的英国人.

through3
* We've been friends so long I know you through and through. 咱们是多年的朋友, 我对你十分了解. 7 (phr v) be through (with sb/sth) (indicating that a friendship, practice, etc is ended 表示友谊、 习惯等终止) have finished 已结束: Keith and I are through. 基思和我已不来往了. * She's through with her new boy-friend. 她跟新交的男朋友吹了. * I'm finally through with (ie I have stopped taking) drugs. 我终於戒毒了. 复合： `throughput n [U] amount of material put through a process, esp in a specified period of time 生产量, 吞吐量, 处理量（尤指一定时期的）. `throughway n (US) = expressway (express1).

throughout
[Wru:'aut; Wru'aut] adv 1 in every part 各处; 各方面: * The house was painted green throughout. 那房子整个涂成绿色的了. * Certain names in the book were underlined throughout. 书中在某些名字下面都划了线. 2 during the whole duration of sth 在某事的整个期间: * I watched the film and cried throughout. 我看那个电影时从头哭到尾. 派生： throughout prep 1 in or into every part of (sth)在或至（某物）的各部分: News spread throughout the country. 这消息传遍了全国. * References to pain occur throughout the poem. 诗中字里行间流露出痛苦之情. 2 during the whole duration of (sth) 在（某事）的整个期间: Food was scarce throughout the war. 在战争期间食物匮乏. * Throughout his life he had always kept bees. 他有生之年一直养蜂. * Throughout their marriage he had only once seen her cry. 在他们婚後的日子里, 他只看到她哭过一次.

throve
=> thrive.

throw
1[WrEu; Wro] v (pt threw/Wru:; Wru] , pp thrown/WrEUn; Wron/) 1 [I, In/pr, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p, Dn.n] send (sth) through the air with some force, esp by moving the arm 投, 抛, 掷, 扔（某物）: * He throws well. 他投掷很好. * How far can you throw? 你能扔多远? * Stop throwing stones at that dog! 别再向那条狗扔石子了! * Throw the ball to your sister. 把球扔给你妹妹. * She threw the ball up and caught it again. 她把球抛起又接住. * Please throw me that towel. 请把那条毛巾给我扔过来. * (fig 比喻) She threw me an angry look, ie glanced angrily at me. 她生气地瞪了我一眼. 2 [Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth around/over sb/sth; ~ sth on/off put (clothes, etc) on or off quickly or carelessly 匆忙或随随便便穿、 脱、 戴、 摘、 披（衣物等）: * He threw a blanket over the injured man. 他急忙给受伤的人披上条毯子. * threw on his uniform （他）匆匆穿上制服 * threw off her coat （她）随手脱下大衣. 3 [Tn.pr, Tn.p] turn or move (a part of the body) quickly or violently in the specified direction 快速或猛烈地（向所示之方向）转动或移动（身体的某部分）: * Throw your arms out in front of you as you dive. 跳水时手臂迅速前伸. * The sergeant threw his shoulders back and his chest out. 那巡佐用力挺着胸. * He threw back his head and roared with laughter. 他仰着头哈哈大笑. * She threw up her hands in horror at the idea. 她听到那个主意吓得把手都举了起来. 4 [Tn, Tn.pr] hurl (sb) to the ground or the floor 用力将（某人）摔在地上: * Two jockeys were thrown in the second race. 有两个骑师在第二场赛马时摔了下来. * The wrestler succeeded in throwing his opponent (to the canvas). 那摔角手把对方摔倒（在地）了. 5 [Tn] (a) cause (dice) to fall to the table after shaking them 掷（色子）. (b) obtain (a number) by doing this 掷出（色子的点数）: * He threw three sixes in a row. 他掷出一连叁个六点.

throw1
6 [Tn] shape (pottery) on a potter's wheel （在陶钧上）制（陶坯）: * a hand-thrown vase 手工拉制的陶瓶. 7 [Tn] (infml 口) disturb (sb); disconcert 惊扰（某人）; 使不安; 使慌乱: * The news of her death really threw me. 她的死讯真让我伤心. * The speaker was completely thrown by theinterruption. 演讲的人因受到干扰而心烦意乱. 8 [Tn.presp passive 尤用於被动语态] cause (sb) to be in a certain state 使（某人）处於某种状态: * Hundreds were thrown out of work. 数以百计的人失去了工作. * We were thrown into confusion by the news. 我们让那消息给弄糊涂了. 9 (a) [Tn.pr] cause (sth) to extend 使（某物）伸展或延长: * throw a bridge across a river 在河上架一座桥. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] project or cast (light, shade, etc); cause to be 投射（光线、 影子等）; 使成为: * The trees threw long shadows across the lawn. 树在草坪上都投下长长的影子. (c) [Tn] deliver (a punch) 挥, 出（拳）: * In the struggle several punches were thrown. 在搏斗中打出了几拳. 10 [Tn] move (a switch, lever, etc) so as to operate it 按动, 扳动, 推动（开关、 操纵 等）. 11 [Tn] (US infml 口) lose (a game or contest) deliberately 故意输掉（比赛或竞赛）. 12 [Tn] have or display (a fit, etc) 表现出（发作等）: * She regularly throws tantrums. 她经常大发脾气. 13 [Tn] (infml 口) give (a party) 举行（聚会）. 14 (For idioms containing throw, see entries for ns, adjs, etc 习语中有throw者, 见有关名词、 形容词等的词条, 如 throw the book at sb => book1; throw cold water on sth => cold1.) 15 (phr v) throw sth about/around scatter sth 乱抛某物: Don't throw litter about like that. 不要乱扔杂物. throw oneself at sth/sb (a) rush violently at sth/sb 冲向某物[某人]. (b) (infml 口) (of a woman) make over-eager advances to (a man) （指女子）热切亲近（男子）: Everyone can see she's just throwing herself at him. 谁都看得出来她跟他套近乎.

throw2
throw sth away (a) discard sth as useless or unwanted 丢弃某物（因无用或不需要）: That's rubbish you can throw it away. 那东西没用--你把它扔了吧. (b) fail to make use of sth 未能利用某事物: throw away an opportunity, advantage, etc 失去机会、 优势等 * My advice was thrown away (ie wasted) on him. 我对他的劝告都白费了. (c) (of actors, etc) speak (words) in a deliberately casual way （指演员等）有意淡淡地说出（台词）: This speech is meant to be thrown away. 这段话要漫不经心地说出来. throw sb back on sth (usu passive 通常用於被动语态) force sb to rely on sth (because nothing else is available) 迫使某人依靠某事物（因别无他物）: The television broke down so we were thrown back on our own resources, ie had to entertain ourselves. 电视机坏了, 我们只好自作消遣了. throw sth in (a) include sth with what one is selling or offering, without increasing the price （出售或出价时）额外赠送某物: You can have the piano for 60, and I'll throw in the stool as well. 这架钢琴可以卖给你60英镑, 琴凳我奉送. (b) make (a remark, etc) casually 随口说出（话语等）. throw oneself into sth begin to do sth energetically 积极地做起某事来: throwing themselves into their work （他们）精力充沛地工作起来. throw sth off produce or compose sth in a casual way, without apparent effort 轻易做成某事物: threw off a few lines of verse 随笔写出几行诗. throw sth/sb off manage to get rid of sth/sb 摆脱某事物[某人]: throw off a cold, a troublesome acquaintance, one's pursuers 治好伤风、 摆脱一个讨厌的认识的人、 甩掉紧追不放的人. throw oneself on sb/sth (fml 文) rely entirely on sb/sth; entrust oneself to sb/sth 完全依赖某人[某事物]; 将自己托付给某人[某事物]: He was clearly guilty and could only throw himself on the mercy of the court. 他显然有罪, 只好听凭法庭处置. throw sb out (a) force (a trouble-maker, etc) to leave 赶走, 轰走（闹事的人等）: The drunk was thrown out (of the pub). 那醉鬼（从酒馆）给赶了出去.

throw3
(b) distract or confuse sb; cause sb to make a mistake 使某人分心、 糊涂或出差错: Do keep quiet or you'll throw me out in my calculations. 你可得安静点儿了, 要不然我没法计算了. throw sth out (a) utter sth in a casual or spontaneous way 漫不经心地或随口说出某事: throw out a hint, a suggestion, an idea, etc 漫不经心地吐露口风、 提出建议、 说出想法等. (b) reject (a proposal, an idea, etc) 拒不接受（建议、 主意等）. (c) = throw sth away (a): It's time we threw that old chair out it's completely broken. 咱们得把那个旧椅子扔了--已经散架子了. throw sb over desert or abandon sb 背弃或抛弃某人: When he became rich he threw over all his old friends. 他发财之後把老朋友都抛弃了. throw sb together bring (people) into contact with each other, often casually 使（人与人）相遇或相聚（常指不期而遇）: Fate had thrown them together. 命运把他们聚在一起了. * As the only English speakers, we were rather thrown together. 因为只有我们是说英语的, 所以我们是这麽凑到一起的. throw sth together make or produce sth hastily 仓促做出或制出某物: I'll just throw together a quick supper. 我马上做一顿简便的晚餐吧. throw sth up (a) vomit (food) 呕出（食物）. (b) resign from sth 辞去某事: throw up one's job 辞职 * You've thrown up a very promising career. 你放弃了一个很有前途的职业. (c) bring sth to notice 使某事物引起注意: Her research has thrown up some interesting facts. 她在研究中有些发现令人很感兴趣. (d) build sth suddenly or hastily 突然或匆匆建造某物. 复合： `throw-away adj [attrib 作定语] (a) intended to be discarded after use 使用後丢弃的; 一次性使用的: throw-away cups, tissues, razors 一次性杯子、 纸巾、剃刀. (b) spoken in a deliberately casual way; not emphasized 故意脱口而出的; 漫不经心说出的: a throw-away remark 脱口而出的话. `throw-back n animal, etc that shows characteristics of an ancestor earlier than its parents 有返祖现象的动物等. Cf 参看 atavism.

throw4
`throw-in n (in football) throwing in of the ball after it has gone outside the area of play （足球的）掷界外球, 掷边线球.

thru
(US) = through.

thrush
1[WrQF; WrQF] n any of various types of songbird, esp one with a brownish back and speckled breast (the song-thrush) 鸫科鸣禽的任何一种（尤指棕色背、 胸部有斑点的）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page iv.

thrust
[WrQst; WrQst] v (pt, pp thrust) 1 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] push (sth/sb/oneself) suddenly or violently猛然或用力推（某物[某人]）; （自己）向前挤: * a thrusting(ie aggressive) young salesman 有闯劲的年轻推销员 * He thrust (his way) through the crowd. 他从人群中挤了过去. * thrust a tip into the waiter's hand 把小费塞在服务员手里 * (fig 比喻) My objections were thrust aside, ie dismissed. 我提出的异议被置之一旁. * She tends to thrust herself forward too much, ie to be too self-assertive or ambitious. 她这个人太好强. 2 [Ipr, Tn.pr] ~ at sb (with sth)[~ sth at sb make a forward stroke at sb with (a sword, etc) 用（剑等）向某人刺去: * The mugger thrust at his victim with a knife. 抢劫者用刀子向受害人刺去. * thrust one's bayonet at the enemy 用刺刀刺敌人. 3 (phr v) thrust sth/sb on/upon sb force sb to accept sth/sb or to undertake sth 迫使某人同意（做）某事、 接受某物或接待某人: * Some men have greatness thrust upon them, ie become famous without wishing or tryingto be. 有些人成名是环境造就的. * She is rather annoyedat having three extra guests suddenly thrust on her. 因为突然多来了叁个不速之客要接待, 她心里直冒火. 派生： thrust n 1 [C] (a) act or movement of thrusting 推; 插; 挤; 刺; 戳: killed by a bayonet thrust 被刺刀刺死. (b) strong attack in war or in a contest （战争或比赛中的）猛攻: a deep thrust into the opponent's territory 深入对手范围内的猛攻. (c) (fig 比喻) hostile remark aimed atsb 对某人的抨击: a speech full of thrusts at the government对政府大加挞伐的演说. 2 [U] forward force produced by a propeller, jet engine, rocket, etc （推进器、 喷气发动机、 火箭等的）推力. 3 [U] (architecture 建) stress or pressure between neighbouring parts of a structure (eg an arch) 压力; 推力. 4 [U] ~ (of sth) main point or theme (of remarks, etc); gist （言语、 评论等的）要点, 主题, 要旨: What was the thrust of his argument? 他的论据的要点是什麽?

thrust1
5 (idm 习语) cut and thrust => cut2. thruster n person who thrusts himself forward (to win an advantage, etc) 抢先的人（为赢得优势等）.

thud
[WQd; WQd] n low dull sound like that of a blow on sth soft 沉闷的声响（似撞击软物的声音）: * The car hit the child with a sickening thud. 汽车把那个孩子撞了, 发出一声可怕的闷响. 派生： thud v (-dd-) [Ipr, Ip] move, fall or hit sth with a thud 砰然移动、 落下或打击某物: the sound of branches thudding against the walls of the hut 树枝碰击木屋墙壁发出的声音 * I could hear him thudding about upstairs in his heavy boots. 我听见他穿着沉重的靴子在楼上咯咯地走来走去.

thug
[WQg; WQg] n violent criminal or hooligan 暴徒; 流氓; 恶棍. > thuggery[5WQgEri; 5WQgEri] n [U].

thumb
[WQm; WQm] n 1 short thick finger set apart from the other four 拇指. =>illus at hand 见hand插图. 2 part of a glove covering this （手套的）拇指部分. 3 (idm 习语) be all (fingers and) `thumbs be very clumsy, esp when handling things 十分笨拙; （尤指）笨手笨脚. a rule of thumb => rule. stand/stick out like a sore thumb => sore. thumbs `up/`down (phrase or gesture used to indicate success or approval/failure or rejection 表示成功或赞许[失败或拒绝]的用语或手势): * givesb/sth the thumbs up 称赞某人[某事物] * I'm afraid it's thumbs down for your new proposal. 我看你的新建议是行不通了. twiddle one's thumbs => twiddle. under sb's `thumb completely under sb's influence or control完全受某人的影响或支配: * She's got him under her thumb.她把他管住了. 派生： thumb v 1 [Ipr, Tn] ~ (through) sth turn over the pages of (a book); make (a book, pages) worn or dirty by doing this 翻（书）页; 将（书、 书页）翻坏或弄脏:thumbing through the dictionary 翻查词典 * a well-thumbedcopy 翻旧了的一本书. 2 (idm 习语) thumb a `lift (try to) get a free ride in a motor vehicle by signalling with one's thumb; hitch-hike 向路过的机动车竖起拇指表示要求免费搭车. thumb one's nose at sb/sth make a rude gesture at sb/sth by putting one's thumb against the end of one's nose 将拇指放在鼻尖上作为对某人[某事物]表示轻蔑的手势. 复合： `thumb-index n set of lettered notches cut in theedge of a book, used to identify the position of the varioussections in it (eg the words beginning with a certain letter in a dictionary) 拇指页标（书边切割的缺口, 一般按字母顺序排列, 用以标示各字母所在书中的位置, 如某些字典中的）. `thumb-nail n nail at the tip of the thumb 拇指的指甲. adj [attrib 作定语] briefly written 文字简洁的: a thumb-nail sketch/portrait/description of sb/sth 对某人[某事物]的简略描述.

thumb1
`thumbscrew n former instrument of torture that squeezed the thumb 拇指夹（旧时的刑具）. `thumb-stall n sheath to cover an injured thumb 拇指套（保护受伤拇指的）. `thumb-tack n (US) = drawing-pin (drawing).

thump
[WQmp; WQmp] v [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p, Cn.a] beat or strike or knock heavily, esp with the fist 狠打, 重击, 猛捶（尤指用拳）: * My heart was thumping (with excitement). 我（激动得）心砰砰跳. * Someone thumped (on) the door. 有人使劲敲门. * two boys thumping each other (on the head) 挥拳互打（头部）的两个男孩 * (fig 比喻) He thumped out a tune (ie played it loudly) on the piano. 他用力在钢琴上弹奏一支曲子. * She thumped the cushion flat. 她把垫子捶平了. 派生： thump n (a) heavy blow 重击: gave him a thump 狠打他一拳. (b) noise made by this 重击声: The sack of cement hit the ground with a thump. 水泥袋砰的一声落在地上. thumping (also thundering) adj [attrib 作定语] (infml 口) big 大的: a thumping lie 大瞎话 * win by a thumping majority 以绝对多数获胜. adv (infml 口) extremely 极; 非常: lives in a thumping great house in the country 住在乡间一座特别大的房子里.

thunder
[5WQndE(r); 5WQndl] n [U] 1 loud noise that follows a flash of lightning 雷; 雷声: * a crash/peal/roll of thunder 雷声大作 * There's thunder in the air, ie Thunder is likely. 好像要打雷了. * We haven't had much thunder this summer. 今年夏天我们没怎麽听见打雷. 2 any similar noise 似雷的声音: * the thunder of the guns, jets, drums 大炮、 喷气飞机、 鼓的隆隆声 * a/the thunder of applause 掌声如雷. 3 (idm 习语) blood and thunder => blood1. steal sb's thunder => steal. 派生： thunder v 1 [I, In/pr] (used with it 与it连用) sound with thunder 打雷: It thundered all night. 夜间一直在打雷. 2 (a) [Ipr] make a noise like thunder; sound loudly 发出雷鸣般的声音; 响声大作: A voice thundered in my ear. 我耳边响起雷鸣般的讲话声. * Someone was thundering at the door, ie beating it. 有人使劲地敲着门. (b) [Ipr, Ip] move in the specified direction making a loud noise 轰隆隆地向某方向移动: The train thundered through the station. 火车隆隆地驶过车站. * heavy lorries thundering along, by, past, etc 隆隆驶过的重型卡车.3 (a) [Ipr] ~ against sth/at sb utter loud threats, etc against sth/sb 大声说反对某事或威胁某人的话: reformers thundering against corruption 高呼反腐败的改革者 * What right have you to thunder at me like that? 你有什麽权力大嚷大叫地威胁我? (b) [Tn] utter (threats, etc) loudly 喊出（威胁的话等）: `How dare you speak tome like that?’ he thundered. ‘你竟敢这样跟我说话?’他喝道. thunderer[5WQndErE(r); 5WQndErl] n. thundering[-dErIN; -dErIN/ adj, adv = thumping (thump): * a thundering (great) nuisance 极讨厌的东西. thunderous[-dErEs; -dErEs] adj like thunder; very loud 雷鸣般的; 声音很大的: * thunderous applause 掌声雷动. thunderously adv. thundery[-dEri; -dEri] adj (of weather) giving signs of thunder （指天气）似要打雷的:

thunder1
* a thundery day 雷雨欲来的一天. 复合： `thunderbolt n 1 flash of lightning with a crash of thunder 雷电; 霹雳. 2 (fig 比喻) startling or terrible event or statement 突然的或可怕的事情或言语: The unexpected defeat came as a thunderbolt. 这意外的失败犹如晴天霹雳. * He unleashed a thunderbolt by announcinghis resignation. 他宣布辞职好似晴天炸雷一般. `thunderclap n 1 crash of thunder 雷声; 霹雳. 2 sudden terrible event or piece of news; thunderbolt(2) 突然而可怕的事情或消息. `thunder-cloud n large dark cloud that can produce lightning and thunder 雷雨云. `thunderstorm n storm with thunder and lightning and usu heavy rain 雷雨; 雷暴. `thunderstruck adj [esp pred 尤作表语] amazed 大吃一惊.

Thur
(also Thurs) abbr 缩写 = Thursday: Thurs 26 June 6月26日星期四.

thus
[TQs; TQs] adv (fml 文) 1 in this way; like this 以此方式; 如此; 这样: * calculate the area of the triangle thus formed 计算这样形成的叁角形的面积 * Hold the wheel in both hands, thus. 用双手握住方向盘, 像这样. 2 as a result of this; accordingly 其结果是; 因此; 於是; 所以: * He is the eldest son and thus heir to the title. 他是长子, 因此是头衔的继承人. 3 to this extent 到如此程度: * Havingcome thus far do you wish to continue? 已经走了这麽远了, 你还想走吗?

thwart
1[WwC:t; WwCrt] v [Tn] prevent (sb) doing what he intends; oppose (a plan, etc) successfully 阻挠（某人）成事; 阻止（计画等）实现: * He was thwarted (in his aims) by bad luck. 他运气不好, 未能达到目的. * thwarted ambitions 受挫折无法实现的抱负.

thyme
[taim; taim] n [U] (a) any of various types of herb with fragrant leaves 百里香属植物. (b) leaves of this plant used in cookery 百里香叶（用於烹调）.

thyroid
[5WairCid; 5WairCid] n (also thyroid `gland) largegland at the front of the neck, producing a hormone which controls the body's growth and development 甲状腺.

ti
[ti:; ti] n (music 音) the seventh note in the sol-fa scale （首调唱法的）任何大音阶的第七音.

tiara
[ti'a:rE; ti'arE] n 1 woman's crescent-shaped head-dress, usu ornamented with jewels and worn on ceremonial occasions （女用）冕状头饰（通常镶有宝石, 礼仪场合戴用）. 2 triple crown worn by the Pope 叁重冕（天主教教皇戴的）.

tibia
[5tibiE; 5tibiE] n (pl ~e[-bii:; -bi7i] ) (anatomy 解) = shin-bone (shin). =>illus at skeleton 见skeleton插图.

tic
[tik; tik] n occasional involuntary twitching of the muscles, esp of the face 抽搐; （尤指）面肌抽搐: * have a nervous tic 患神经性面肌抽搐.

tick
1[tik; tik] n 1 light and regularly repeated sound, esp that of a clock or watch 滴答声（尤指钟表的）. 2 (infml 口) moment 一会儿: * Just wait a tick! 等一下儿! * I'll be down in half a tick/in two ticks. 我马上就下来. 3 (US check) mark put beside an item in a list to show that it has been checked or done or is correct （画於表册上的项目旁边, 表示已核对、 已做或正确无误的）记号, 对号. =>illus 见插图. 派生： tick v 1 [I, Ip] ~ (away) (of a clock, etc) make a series of ticks (tick1 1) （指钟等）发出滴答声: My watch doesn't tick because it's electric. 我的表是电动的, 不滴答响. * listened to the clock ticking/the ticking of the clock 听钟滴答作响 * While we waited the taxi's meter kept ticking away. 我们等候时, 计程车里的计程表一直在滴答地响着. 2 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (off) put a tick1(3) beside (an item, etc) 在（项目等）旁边做核对记号: tick (off) the names of those present 在出席者的姓名旁做记号 * The jobs that are done have been ticked off. 做完的工作都标上了记号. 3 (idm 习语) what makes sb `tick (infml 口) what makes sb behave in the way he does 某人这样做的原因是什麽: I've never really understood what makes her tick. 我实在弄不明白她为什麽这样. 4 (phr v) tick away/by (of time) pass （指时间）过去: Meanwhile the minutes kept ticking away. 其时, 时间一分一分地过去. tick sth away (of a clock, etc) mark the passage of time （指钟等）表示时间过去: The station clock ticked away the minutes. 车站的钟显示时间一分一分地过去. tick sb off (infml 口) rebuke or scold sb 责骂或斥责某人: get ticked off for careless work 因工作不细心而挨骂. tick over (a) (of an engine) idle （指发动机）空转, 慢转: I stopped the car but left the motor ticking over. 我停住汽车, 让发动机空转. (b) (of activities) continue in a routine way （指活动）照常进行: Just try and keep things ticking over while I'm away. 在我离开的期间, 尽量使事情照常进行.

tick1
复合： ,ticking-`off n (pl tickings-off) (infml 口) rebuke or reprimand 责骂; 斥责: give sb a good ticking-off 把某人狠狠骂一顿. `tick-tack n [U] (Brit) system of signalling by moving the hands, used by bookmakers on racecourses （赛马场上以接受赛马赌注为业者使用的）手势信号. ,tick-tack-`toe n [U] (US) = noughts and crosses (nought). ,tick-`tock n (usu sing 通常作单数) ticking sound of a large clock （大时钟的）滴答声.

ticker
[5tikE(r); 5tikl] n (infml 口) 1 heart 心脏: * His ticker's not very strong, ie He has a weak heart. 他心脏衰弱. 2 (dated 旧) watch 表. 复合： `ticker-tape n [U] (esp US) (a) paper tape from ateleprinter, etc （电传打字机等的）纸带: reading the stockmarket prices off the ticker-tape 阅读电传打字机纸带上显示的股市行情. (b) this or similar material thrown from windows to greet a celebrity （为欢迎名人而从窗口抛下的）纸带: [attrib 作定语] a ticker-tape parade 抛纸带迎宾式 * get a ticker-tape reception 受到抛纸带的盛大欢迎.

ticket
[5tikit; 5tikit] n 1 [C] written or printed piece of card or paper that gives the holder a certain right (eg to travel by plane, train, bus, etc or to a seat in a cinema) 票（如机票、 车票、 电影票或入场券等）: * Do you want a single or a return ticket? 你要单程票还是往返票? * I've got two tickets for the Cup Final. 我弄到两张优胜杯决赛的票. * You must present your library ticket every time youborrow books. 你每次借书都必须出示借书证. * Admissionby ticket only, eg as a notice outside a hall, etc. 凭票入场. 2 [C] label attached to sth, giving details of its price, size, etc （附於某物上标明价格、 尺码等的）标签. 3 [C usu sing 通常作单数] (esp US) list of the candidates put forward by one party in an election （党派推荐的）候选人名单: * run for office on the Republican ticket 作为共和党的候选人参加竞选. 4 [C] official notice of an offence against traffic regulations （交通违章）通知单, 罚款单: * get a parking/speeding ticket 接到违章停车[超速驾驶]罚款单. 5 [C] (infml 口) certificate issued to a qualified ship's master, aircraft pilot, etc （发给船长、 飞行器驾驶员等的）资格证明书. 6 the ticket [sing] (dated infml 旧, 口) the correct or desirable thing 正确、 恰好的事; 所需之物: * All packed up and ready to go? That's the ticket. 行李都收拾好了, 可以走了吧? 对了. 7 (idm 习语) the straight ticket => straight1. 派生： ticket v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] put a ticket on (an article for sale, etc) 在（待出售等的物品）上加标签.

ticking
[5tikiN; 5tikiN] (also tick) n [U] strong material for covering mattresses and pillows （做褥套、 枕心套的）结实布料.

tickle
[5tikl; 5tikl] v 1 [I, Tn, Tn.pr] touch or stroke (sb) lightly, esp at sensitive parts, so as to cause a slight tingling sensation, often with twitching movements and laughter 轻触或抚摸（某人）使发痒: * This blanket tickles (me). 这毯子扎得我痒痒. * tickle sb in the ribs 搔某人的肋部使之发痒 * She tickled my nose with a feather. 她拿羽毛弄得我鼻子发痒. 2 [I] feel such a sensation 发痒: * My nose tickles. 我鼻子痒痒. 3 [Tn] please (sb's vanity, sense of humour, etc); amuse 满足（某人的虚荣心、 幽默感等）; 使高兴: * The story tickled her fancy/curiosity. 这个故事满足了她的好奇心. * I was highly tickled by the idea. 这主意让我高兴极了. 4 (idm 习语) (be) tickled `pink/to `death (infml 口) extremely pleased or amused 感到非常满足或高兴: * I'm tickled pink that my essay won the prize. 我的文章获奖了, 我高兴得要命. tickle sb's ribs (infml 口) amuse sb 逗某人发笑. Cf 参看 rib-tickling (rib). 派生： tickle n 1 act or sensation of tickling 抓搔使痒; 痒感: I've got this tickle in my throat I think I may be getting a cold. 我嗓子发痒--大概是感冒了. 2 (idm 习语) slap and tickle => slap n. tickler[5tiklE(r); 5tikll] n (dated infml 旧, 口 esp Brit) puzzle; problem 难题; 问题: * an awkward little tickler to solve 需要解决的小难题. ticklish[5tikliF; 5tikliF] adj 1 (of a person) sensitive to tickling （指人）易痒的, 怕痒的: * I'm terribly ticklish. 我特别怕痒. 2 (infml 口) (of a problem) requiring careful handling; difficult （指问题）需小心处理的, 难解决的: * a ticklish question 棘手的问题 * in a ticklish situation 处於难以应付的局面. ticklishness n [U].

ticky
tacky

tidal
[5taidl; 5taidl] adj of or affected by a tide or tides 潮的; 有潮的; 受潮汐影响的: * a tidal river, estuary, harbour, etc 感潮河道、 感潮河口、 潮港. 复合： tidal `wave 1 great ocean wave, eg one caused by an earthquake 潮波; 海啸. 2 ~ (of sth) (fig 比喻) great wave of popular enthusiasm, indignation, etc 公众热情、 愤恨等的浪潮; 热潮; 怒潮: carried along on a tidal wave of hysteria 受歇斯底里狂热的裹挟.

tidbit
(US) = titbit.

tiddler
[5tidlE(r); 5tidll] n (infml 口) 1 very small fish, esp a stickleback or minnow 小鱼; （尤指）刺鱼, 米诺鱼. 2 unusually small thing or child 异常小的东西或孩子.

tiddly
winks

tide
[taid; taid] n 1 (a) [C, U] regular rise and fall in the level of the sea, caused by the attraction of the moon and sun 潮; 潮汐: * spring/neap (ie maximum/minimum) tides 大[小]潮 * at high/low tide 在高[低]潮时. (b) [C] water moved by this 潮水: * We were cut off by the tide. 我们让潮水截住了. * The tide is (coming) in] (going) out. 正在涨[落]潮. * driftwood washed up by the tide(s) 被潮水冲上来的浮木 * Swimmers should beware of strong tides. 游泳的人要提防汹涌的潮水. 2 [C usu sing 通常作单数] direction in which opinion, events, luck, etc seem to move; trend （舆论、 事件、 运气等的）潮流, 趋势, 动向: * a rising tide of discontent 不满情绪的不断增涨 * The tide turned in our favour. 形势变得对我们有利.3 [U] (arch 古) (in compounds 用以构成复合词) season季; 时: * `yule-tide * `Whitsuntide. 4 (idm 习语) go, swim,etc with/against the stream/tide => stream. time and tide wait for no man => time1. 派生： tide v (phr v) tide sb over (sth) help sb through (a difficult period) by providing what he needs （通过提供所需）帮助某人渡过（困难时期）: Will you lend me some money to tide me over until I get my pay cheque? 你能否借给我点儿钱, 帮我维持到发薪时? 复合： `tide-mark n 1 mark made by the tide water at its highest point on a beach, etc （沙滩等处潮水留下的）高潮痕. 2 (joc 谑) (a) line between washed and unwashedparts of sb's body （身上洗到的和没洗到的部位之间的）垢痕. (b) line left on a bath by the dirty water （污水留在浴盆上的）垢痕. `tide-table n list showing the times of high tide at a place 潮汐表. `tideway n (a) channel where a tide runs 潮汐水道; 潮路. (b) tidal part of a river （河流的）感潮段.

tidings
[5taidiNz; 5taidiNz] n [pl] (arch or joc 古或谑) news 消息; 音信: * Have you heard the glad tidings? 你听到那个好消息了吗?

tidy
[5taidi; 5taidi] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 (a) arranged neatly and in order 安排或排列整齐的: * a tidy room, desk, garden 整整齐齐的房间、 书桌、 花园 * keeps her house very tidy 保持她住宅整整齐齐. (b) having the habit of keeping things neat and orderly 爱整齐的; 有整齐习惯的: * a tidy boy 有整齐习惯的男孩 * tidy habits 爱整齐的习惯 * have a tidy mind, ie be able to think clearly and sensibly 思维有条理. 2 [attrib 作定语] (infml 口) (esp of a sum of money) fairly large; considerable （尤指一笔钱）相当大的, 可观的: * She left a tidy fortune when she died. 她死时留下大笔财产. * It must have cost a tidy penny, ie quite a lot of money. 这准花了好多钱. 派生： tidily adv. tidiness n [U]. tidy n receptacle for odds and ends 盛零星物件的容器: a `desk tidy, ie for pens, paper-clips, etc 书桌上盛钢笔、 曲别针等的容器 * a `sink tidy, ie for bits of kitchen waste （厨房洗涤槽的）残渣过滤器. tidy v (pt, pp tidied) 1 [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (sth/sb/oneself) (up) make (sth/sb/oneself) tidy 使（某物[某人/自己]）整齐: Who's been tidying in here? 是谁一直在收拾这地方? * spent all morning tidying up 用一上午的时间整理 * You'd better tidy this room (up) before the guests arrive. 你最好在客人到来之前把屋子整理好. * I must tidy myself up, ie make myself look tidy. 我得梳理一下. 2 (phr v) tidy sth away put sth in a certain place (esp out of sight) so that a room, etc appears tidy 将某物收起（尤指见不到处）使房间等显得整齐: Tidy away your toys when you've finished playing. 你玩儿过玩具之後要收起来. tidy sth out remove unnecessary or unwanted items from sth and arrange the rest neatly 移去不要之物而将馀下物品整理好; 清理: tidy out one's drawers, a cupboard, etc 清理抽屉、 柜橱等.

tie
1[tai; tai] n 1 (also `necktie) strip of decorative material worn round the neck under the collar and knotted in front 领带. =>illus at jacket 见jacket插图. 2 piece of cord, wire, etc used for fastening or tying sth （系物、 捆扎用的）带、 绳、 线等: * ties for sealing plastic bags 封塑料袋用的捆扎条. 3 (a) rod or beam holding parts of a structure together （连接结构物各部的）系杆, 系梁. (b) (US) = sleeper2. 4 (usu pl 通常作复数) (fig 比喻) thing that unites people; bond 使人结合在一起的事物; 连接物: * the ties of friendship 友谊的纽带 * family ties 家族关系 * The firm has ties with an American corporation. 该商行与美国一家公司有关系. 5 (fig 比喻) thing that limits a person's freedom of action 限制人行动自由的事物; 束缚: * He doesn't want any ties; that's why he never married. 他不愿受束缚, 所以不结婚. * Pets can be a tie when you want to go away on holiday. 要想外出度假时, 宠物会成为牵累. 6 equal score in a game or competition （比赛或竞争中）得分相同, 不分胜负, 平手: * Each team scored twice and the game ended in a tie. 每个队都有两次得分, 比赛不分胜负. 7 sports match between two or a group of competing teams or players 淘汰赛: * the first leg of the Cup tie between Aberdeen and Barcelona 阿伯丁队和巴塞罗那队在优胜杯淘汰赛中的第一轮比赛. 8 (music 音) curved line in a score over two notes of the same pitch that are to be played or sung as one 连结线. =>illus at music 见music插图. 复合： `tie-beam n horizontal beam connecting rafters 系梁. `tie-breaker (also `tie-break) n means of deciding the winner when competitors have tied (tie2 5) 平局决胜制: The first set (ie of a tennis match) was won on the tie-break. 这次网球比赛的第一盘是以平局决胜制获胜的. `tie-pin (US `stickpin, `tie-tack) n ornamental pin for holding a tie1(1) together or in place 领带别针.

tier
[tiE(r); tir] n any of a series of rows (esp of seats) or parts of a structure placed one above the other 一排（尤指座位）; （阶梯式的）一层: * a box in the first tier, ie in atheatre （剧院中的）第一排的一个包厢 * a wedding-cakewith three tiers/a three-tier wedding-cake 有叁层的结婚蛋糕. =>illus at layer 见layer插图. 派生： tiered adj arranged in tiers 成排的; 分层的: tiered seating 成排的座位. -tiered (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having the specified number of tiers 有所示之排数或层数的: a three-tiered cake 叁层的蛋糕 * a two-tiered system,ie one with two distinct levels 双重系统（有两个层次的）.

tiff
[tif; tif] n slight quarrel between friends or acquaintances（朋友或相识的人之间的）争吵, 拌嘴, 口角: * She's had a tiff with her boy-friend. 她和男朋友吵嘴了.

tig
[tig; tig] n [U] = tag6.

tiger
[5taigE(r); 5taigl] n 1 large fierce animal of the cat family, with yellowish and black stripes, found in Asia 虎, 老虎（产於亚洲）. =>illus at cat 见cat插图. 2 (idm 习语) fight like a tiger => fight1. a paper tiger => paper. 派生： tigerish[5taigEriF; 5taigEriF] adj like a tiger, esp (of a person) fiercely energetic 似虎的; （尤指人）生龙活虎的. tigress[5taigris; 5taigris] n female tiger 雌虎. 复合： `tiger-lily n tall garden lily having orange flowers spotted with black or purple 卷丹（高株园艺植物, 花橘红色, 上有紫黑色斑点）. `tiger-moth n moth with wings striped like a tiger's skin 灯蛾.

tight
[tait; tait] adj (-er, -est) 1 fixed, fastened or drawn together firmly; hard to move or undo 牢的; 紧的; 不松动的; 难解开的: * a tight knot 系紧的结 * I can't get the cork out of the bottle it's too tight. 我无法把瓶塞拔出来--太紧了. * The drawer is so tight I can't open it. 这抽屉太紧了, 我打不开. * keep a tight hold on the rope 紧紧抓住绳子. 2 (a) fitting closely 紧密相合的: * a tight joint 紧密的接合处 * These shoes are too tight for me. 这双鞋我穿着太紧. * a tight ship, ie one that does not leak 不漏水的船 * tight (ie strict) controls 严密的控制. (b) (in compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) made so that a specified thing cannot get in or out 不漏的; 不透的:`airtight * `watertight. 3 (a) with things or people arrangedclosely 紧密的; 密集的: * a tight mass of fibres 很紧的一团纤维 * a tight schedule, ie leaving little time to spare 紧凑的日程安排. (b) (of a game, etc) evenly contested （指比赛等）势均力敌的: * a tight race, match, contest, etc 棋鼓相当的赛跑、 比赛、 竞争等. 4 fully stretched; taut 紧的; 拉紧的: * a tight rope, belt, rein, etc 拉紧的绳子、 带子、 绳等 * My chest feels rather tight, eg because of asthma. 我觉得胸闷憋气（如因哮喘所致）. 5 [usu pred 通常作表语] (infml 口) drunk 喝醉酒: * got a bit tight at the party 在聚会上喝得有些醉. 6 (finance 财) (a) (of money) not easy to obtain, eg on loan from banks （指钱）难得到的（如银行贷款）. (b) (of the money market) in which credit is severely restricted （指金融市场）银根紧的. 7 (infml 口) stingy; miserly 小气的; 抠搜; 吝啬的: * She's tight with her money. 她在钱上特别抠唆. 8 (idm 习语) keep a tight `rein on sb/sth allow little freedom to sb/sth 对某人[某事物]严加约束. a ,tight `squeeze cramped or crowded situation 密集; 拥挤: * We managed to get all the luggage into the car but it was a tight squeeze. 我们总算把行李都塞进汽车里了, 不过挤得要命.

tight1
派生： tight adv 1 tightly 紧; 紧紧地; 牢牢地 (not used beforea past participle: packed tight but tightly packed 过去分词之前不用tight而用tightly: packed tight及tightly packed): Hold tight! 抓紧了! 2 (idm 习语) sit tight => sit. sleep tight => sleep2. tighten[5taitn; 5taitn] v 1 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (up) (a) (cause sth to) become tight or tighter （使某物）变紧: * This screw needs tightening. 这螺钉需再拧紧些. * tighten (up) the ropes 拉紧绳子 * He tightened his grip on her arm. 他紧抓住她的手臂. (b) (cause sth to) become stricter （使某事）变得更严格: * Controls have gradually tightened. 控制逐渐加强. * tighten up security 使安全措施更严密. 2 (idm 习语) loosen/tighten the purse-strings => purse. tighten one's `belt eat less food, spend less money, etc because there is littleavailable 勒紧腰带（省吃俭用）: * The management warnedof the need for further belt-tightening, ie economy. 资方提醒有必要进一步节约. 3 (phr v) tighten up (on sth) become more careful, vigilant or strict 变得更小心、 警惕或严格: * The police are tightening up on drunken driving. 警方目前采取严厉手段对付醉酒驾车行为. tightly adv in a tight manner 紧紧地; 紧密地: squeeze sb tightly 紧紧地拥抱某人 * tightly sealed 密封的. tightness n [U]. 复合： ,tight-`fisted adj stingy; miserly 吝啬的; 小气的. ,tight-`lipped adj keeping the lips pressed firmly together,esp to restrain one's emotion or to keep silent; grim-looking 双唇紧闭的（尤指克制感情或保持沉默）; 表情冷酷的.

tightrope
[5taitrEup; 5tait7rop] n 1 rope stretched tightly high above the ground, on which acrobats perform （供杂技演员表演用的） 紧的绳索或钢丝: [attrib 作定语] a tightrope walker 走钢丝的演员. 2 (idm 习语) tread/walk a `tightrope have to act in a situation which allowslittle scope for manoeuvre and in which an exact balance must be preserved 无甚回旋馀地需小心权衡行事.

tike
= tyke.

tilde
[ 5tIldE, in sense 2 用於下述第2义时读作 tIld; `tIldE] n 1 mark () placed over the Spanish n when it is pronounced ny/nj; nj] (as in canon), or the Portuguese a or o when it is nasalized (as in Sao Paolo) 波形号, 风化符号（）（用以表示鼻音化的附加符号, 如西班牙语的canon或葡萄牙语的Sao Paolo）. 2 mark (~) used in this dictionary to replace the headword in certain parts of an entry 代字号（~）（在本词典的词条项内代替某些首词的符号）.

tile
[tail; tail] n 1 slab of baked clay or other material used in rows for covering roofs, walls, floors, etc （盖屋顶、 贴墙、 铺地等用的）瓦, 瓷砖, 板, 片: * covered the wall in cork tiles 用软木板贴墙 * insulated the ceiling with expanded polystyrene tiles 用多孔聚苯乙烯板使天花板保温 * carpet tiles, ie carpet sold in small squares for laying in rows 小方地毯. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page vii. 2 any of the small flat pieces used in certain board games （某些用棋盘进行之游戏的）棋子. 3 (idm 习语) on the `tiles (sl 俚) enjoying oneself away from home in a wild or drunken way 在外狂欢或纵酒作乐. 派生： tile n [Tn] cover (a surface) with tiles 用瓦、 瓷砖等覆盖（某物表面）: a tiled bathroom 铺瓷砖的浴室.

till
1 => until.

tiller
[5tilE(r); 5till] n horizontal bar used to turn the rudder of a small sailing-boat （小帆船的）舵柄. =>illus at yacht 见yacht插图. Cf 参看 helm.

tilt
[tilt; tilt] v 1 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (cause sth to) move into a sloping position （使某物）倾斜, 倾侧: * This table tends to tilt (to one side/over). 这桌子歪（向一边[倒]）了. * Popular opinion has tilted (ie shifted) in favour of the Socialists. 公众舆论已倒向社会党人一边. * She sat listening, with her head tilted slightly to one side. 她坐着, 侧耳倾听. * Don't tilt your chair or you'll fall over! 别翘椅子, 不然你就摔倒了! * Tilt the barrel forward to empty it. 把桶向前倾, 倒出里面的东西. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (at sb/sth) run or thrust with a lance in jousting 骑马持长矛跑或刺杀. 3 (idm 习语) tilt at `windmills fight imaginary enemies 攻击想像中的敌人. 4 (phr v) tilt at sb/sth attack sb/sth in speech or writing 用言语或文字攻击某人[某事]; 抨击: * a satirical magazine tilting at public figures 攻击社会名流的讽刺性杂志. 派生： tilt n 1 (usu sing 通常作单数) tilting; sloping position 倾斜; 倾斜的位置: with a tilt of his head 他的头侧着 * The table is on/at a slight tilt. 这张桌子没放平, 有点儿歪. 2 act of tilting with a lance 骑马用长矛刺杀. 3 (idm 习语) full pelt/speed/tilt => full. have a tilt at sb attack sb in a friendly way during a debate, conversation, etc （在辩论、 交谈等中）善意抨击某人.

tilth
[tilW; tilW] n [U] depth of soil affected by cultivation 耕作深度: * rake a seed-bed to a good tilth, ie until there is a depth of fine crumbly soil 把苗床耙至适当深度.

timber
[5timbE(r); 5timbl] n 1 (US lumber) [U] wood prepared for use in building or carpentry （建 或木工用的）木材, 木料: * dressed timber, ie sawn, shaped and planed ready for use 刨好的木材 * [attrib 作定语] a `timber-merchant 木材商 * a `timber-yard, ie where timber is stored, bought and sold, etc 木材场. 2 [U] trees suitable for this 用材林: * standing (ie growing) timber 未伐的树木 * cut down/fell timber 伐木 * put a hundred acres of land under timber, ie plant it with trees 种植一百英亩用材林. 3 [C] piece of wood, esp a beam, used in constructing a house or ship （造房屋或船用的）木料, （尤指）大梁: * roof/floor timbers 房檩[地板龙骨]. 派生： timber interj (used as a warning that a tree is about to fall after being cut 伐木工在树木将倒时示警的呼喊声). timbered[5timbEd; 5timbld] adj 1 (of buildings) built of wooden beams or with a framework of these （指建 物）木造的, 木结构的. 2 (of land) planted with trees; wooded （指土地）生长着树木的, 有林木的. 复合： `timber-line n [sing] = tree-line (tree). `timber-wolf n large grey wolf of N America （北美产的）大灰狼.

timbre
[5tAmbrE, 'timbE(r); 5tAmbl, 'timbl] n characteristicquality of sound produced by a particular voice or instrument 音色; 音质; 音品.

timeless
[5taimlis; 5taimlis] adj (fml or rhet 文或修辞) 1 not appearing to be affected by the passing of time 不受时间影响的: * her timeless beauty 她那永不衰退的姿色 * a landscape with a timeless quality 价值永存的风景画. 2 unending; permanent 永远的; 永久的: * the timeless laws of nature 永恒的自然法则. > timelessly adv. timelessness n [U].

timely
[5taimli; 5taimli] adj (-ier, -iest) occurring at just the right time; opportune 及时的; 适时的; 合时宜的: * thanks to your timely intervention 多亏你及时调停 * This has been a timely reminder of the need for constant care.这件事适时地提起我们注意要时时谨慎. > timelinessn [U].

timid
[5timid; 5timid] adj easily frightened; shy 胆怯的; 羞怯的: * as timid as a rabbit 胆小如兔. > timidity/ tI5mIdEtI; tI`mIdEtI/, timidness ns [U]. timidly adv.

timorous
[5timErEs; 5timErEs] adj (fml 文) timid 胆怯的; 羞怯的. > timorously adv. timorousness n [U].

timpani
[5timpEni; 5timpEni] n [sing or pl v] set of kettledrums in an orchestra （交响乐团中的）定音鼓. 派生： timpanist[5timpEnist; 5timpEnist] n person who plays the timpani 定音鼓手.

tin
[tin; tin] n 1 [U] chemical element, a soft white metal used in alloys and for coating iron and steel to prevent corrosion : * [attrib 作定语] tin cans 镀锡白铁罐 * a tin whistle 锡哨. =>App 10 见附录10. 2 (also esp US can) [C] (a) container made of tin plate, esp one in which food is sealed to preserve it 马口铁容器; （尤指）罐头盒: * open a tin of beans 开一听豆子罐头. =>illus at can 见can插图. (b) contents of this 罐头所盛之物: * He ate a whole tin of stew. 他吃了整整一听炖肉. 3 (idm 习语) a (little) tin `god (infml 口) person or thing that is greatly respected or worshipped for no good reason 受到不应得的崇敬之人或物. 派生： tin v (-nn-) [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (US can) seal (food) in a tin(2a) to preserve it 将（食物）制成罐头: tinned sardines, peas, peaches 罐头沙丁鱼、 豌豆、 桃. tinny adj (-ier, -iest) (derog 贬) 1 (of metal objects) not strong or solid （指金属制品）不结实的: a cheap tinny radio 廉价的劣质收音机. 2 having a thin metallic sound 发出薄的金属声的: a tinny piano 发洋铁罐声的钢琴. 复合： tin `foil very thin sheets of tin or aluminium alloy used for wrapping and packing things （包装物品用的）锡纸: a roll of tin foil 一卷锡纸. tin `hat (army sl 军俚) soldier's steel helmet （士兵的）钢盔. `tin-opener n device or tool for opening tins of food 开罐器; 罐头刀. `tin plate iron or steel sheets coated with tin 镀锡铁皮; 马口铁. `tinpot adj [attrib 作定语] (derog 贬) inferior or worthless 劣质的; 不值钱的: a tinpot little dictator 无足轻重的独裁者. `tinsmith n person who makes things out of tin or tin plate 锡匠; 白铁匠. `tin-tack n short nail made of iron coated with tin 镀锡平头铁钉. tin `whistle (also penny whistle) simple musical instrument, played by blowing, with six holes for the different notes 六孔小笛.

tincture
[5tiNktFE(r); 5tiNktFl] n ~ (of sth) 1 [C, U] medical substance dissolved in alcohol 酊; 酊剂: * a/some tincture of iodine, quinine, etc 一些碘酊、 奎宁酊等. 2 [sing] (fml 文) slight trace or flavour (of a thing or quality) （事物或性质的）些微迹象或特色: * a tincture of heresy 稍有异端意味. 派生： tincture v [Tn, Tn.pr esp passive 尤用於被动语态] ~ sth (with sth) (fml 文) tinge or flavour sth; affect sth slightly (with a quality) 使某物染色、 着色、 有气味或稍受（某种性质）影响.

tinder
[5tindE(r); 5tindl] n [U] any dry substance that catches fire easily 乾燥易燃之物. 复合： `tinder-box n box containing tinder with a flint and steel, formerly used for lighting a fire 火绒盒: (fig 比喻)There is much racial unrest in the community and the wholeplace is a tinder-box, ie violence could easily break out. 该社区存在种族骚乱, 整个地区随时都能酿出大祸.

tine
[tain; tain] n (a) any of the points or prongs of a fork, harrow, etc （叉、 耙等的）尖, 齿. (b) branch of a deer's antler 鹿角的分叉.

ting
[tiN; tiN] n clear ringing sound 丁零声. 派生： ting v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) make such a sound （使某物）发丁零声. 复合： ,ting-a-`ling n series of tings, made eg by a small bell 一连串丁零声（如小铃发出的）. adv: The bell went ting-a-ling. 铃铛丁零零地响.

tinge
[tindV; tindV] v [Tn, Tn.pr esp passive 尤用於被动语态] ~ sth (with sth) 1 colour sth slightly 使某物稍染颜色: * hair tinged with grey 有些花白的头发. 2 affect sth slightly 使某事物略受影响: * admiration tinged with envy 稍含妒意的赞美. 派生： tinge n (esp sing 尤作单数) ~ (of sth) slight colouring or trace 淡淡的色调或痕迹: There was a tinge of sadness in her voice. 她的声音中有几分伤感. * Do I detect a tinge of irony? 我觉得这话有点儿像反话吧?

tingle
[5tiNgl; 5tiNgl] v (a) [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) have a slight pricking, stinging or throbbing feeling in the skin 皮肤感到轻微的刺痛: * The slap she gave him made hischeek tingle. 他挨了她一个嘴巴, 脸上热辣辣的. * fingerstingling with cold 手指冻得发疼. (b) [Ipr] ~ with sth (fig 比喻) be affected by (an emotion) 受（某种情绪）的影响: * tingling with excitement, indignation, shock, etc 感到兴奋、 愤慨、 吃惊等. 派生： tingle n (usu sing 通常作单数) tingling feeling 刺痛之感: have a tingle in one's fingertips 指尖感到刺痛 * feel a tingle of anticipation 因有预感觉得痛苦.

tinker
[5tiNkE(r); 5tiNkl] n 1 [C] person who travels from place to place repairing kettles, pans, etc （走街串巷的）小炉匠儿. 2 [sing] ~ (at/with sth) act of tinkering （随便的或胡乱的）做事, （尤指）修补, 修理, 改进: * I had a tinker at your radio, but I can't mend it. 我把你的收音机修了一下, 但没修好. 派生： tinker v [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (at/with sth) work in a casual or inexpert way, esp trying to repair or improve sth 随便地或以外行方式做（尤指试着修理或改进某物）: tinker (away) at a broken clock 胡乱修理（着）出毛病的钟 * He likes tinkering with computers. 他爱乱改进计算机. * Who's been tinkering (around) with the wiring? 谁总瞎改动电线线路?

tinkle
[5tiNkl; 5tiNkl] n (esp sing 尤作单数) 1 series of short light ringing sounds 一连串的丁零声: * the tinkle of a bell, of breaking glass, of ice being stirred in a drink 铃、 玻璃破碎、 冰块在饮料中搅动的丁零声. 2 (Brit infml 口) telephone call 电话通话: * Give me a tinkle when you get home. 你一到家就给我打个电话. 派生： tinkle v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) make a tinkle （使某物）发丁零声. tinny

tinsel
[5tinsl; 5tinsl] n [U] 1 glittering metallic substance used in strips or threads as a decoration （装饰用的）光片, 金属线: * decorate a Christmas tree with tinsel 用光亮金属片装饰圣诞树 * a dress trimmed with tinsel 饰有光片的连衣裙. 2 (derog 贬) superficial brilliance or glamour 表面的光彩或魅力. 派生： tinselled[-sld; -sEld] , tinselly[-sEli; -sli] adjs 1 decorated with tinsel 饰有光片或金属线的. 2 (derog 贬) superficially brilliant or glamorous 外表有光彩或有魅力的.

tint
[tint; tint] n 1 shade or variety of a colour 色度; 颜色的浓淡: * tints of green in the sky at dawn 黎明时天空中浓淡不同的青色 * an artist who excels at flesh tints, ie painting the colours of the human body 善於画人体颜色的画家 * red with a bluish tint 发蓝的红色. 2 (a) weak dye for colouring the hair 染发剂. (b) act of colouring the hair in this way 染发: * She had a tint. 她染头发了. 派生： tint v [Tn, Cn.a] apply or give a tint to (sth); tinge 在（某物）上着色; 稍染: leaves tinted in autumn colours 秋色点染的树叶 * blue-tinted hair 染蓝的头发 * (fig 比喻) His comments were tinted with sarcasm. 他的评论带有讽刺的味道.

tiny
[5taini; 5taini] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 very small 极小的; 微小的: * a tiny baby 小小的婴儿 * living in a tiny cottage 住在小村舍里 * I feel a tiny bit better today. 我今天觉得稍好一点儿. 2 (idm 习语) the patter of tiny feet => patter2.

tip
1[tip; tip] n 1 pointed or thin end of sth 尖端; 尖儿: * the tips of one's fingers/one's fingertips 手指尖 * the tip of one's nose 鼻尖 * walking on the tips of her toes （她）踮着脚走 * the northern tip of the island 岛的北端. 2 small part or piece fitted to the end of sth （装在某物顶端的）小部分或小物件: * shoes with metal tips 带金属包头的鞋 * a cane with a rubber tip 带橡皮头的手杖. 3 (idm 习语) (have sth) on the tip of one's `tongue just about to be spoken or remembered 话到嘴边或几乎想起: * His name's on the tip of my tongue, but I just can't think of it. 他的名字就在嘴边上, 可我就是想不起来. the tip of the `iceberg small but evident part of a much larger concealed situation, problem, etc 重要情况、 重大问题等显露出的小部分: * Over 100 burglaries are reported every month, and that's just the tip of the iceberg, ie many more occur but are not reported. 每月报案的入室盗窃案超过百起, 而这只不过是已知的一小部分. 派生： tip v (-pp-) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) fit a tip to sth; put on the tip of sth 给某物装上尖头; 置於某物顶端: filter-tipped cigarettes 带过滤嘴的香烟 * The legs of the table were tipped with rubber. 桌子腿装上了橡皮头. * The native warriors tipped their spears with poison. 土着斗士把毒药涂在长矛尖上.

tippet
[5tipit; 5tipit] n (a) long piece of fur, etc worn by a woman round the neck and shoulders, with the ends hanging down in front （女用）披肩. (b) similar article of clothing worn by judges, clergy, etc （法官等的）披肩; （教士的）圣带.

tipple
[5tipl; 5tipl] v [I] be in the habit of drinking alcoholic drinks, esp too often or too much 酗酒: * He started tippling when his wife left him. 他自妻子离去之後便开始酗酒. 派生： tipple n (usu sing 通常作单数) (infml 口) alcoholic drink 烈酒: What's your tipple? ie What would you like to drink? 你想喝什麽酒? * His favourite tipple is whisky. 他爱喝的烈酒是威士忌. tippler[5tiplE(r); 5tipll] n.

tipster
[5tipstE(r); 5tipstl] n person who gives tips(tip3 n 2b), usu in return for money 提供赛马或股票等情报的人（通常指贩卖情报的）.

tipsy
[5tipsi; 5tipsi] adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) slightly drunk 微醉的. > tipsily adv. tipsiness n [U].

tiptoe
[5tiptEu; 5tip7to] n (idm 习语) on `tiptoe on the tips of one's toes; with one's heels not touching the ground 踮着脚: * stand on tiptoe to see over the crowd 踮 着脚隔着人群看 * creep around on tiptoe to avoid making a noise 踮着脚走以免弄出声音. 派生： tiptoe v [I, Ipr, Ip] walk quietly and carefully on tiptoe 踮着脚悄悄地走: She tiptoed (across) to the bed where the child lay asleep. 孩子睡着了, 她踮着脚走到他床前. =>Usage at prowl 用法见prowl.

tiptop
[7tip'tCp; 5tip'tap] adj (infml 口) excellent; first-rate 极好的; 头等的; 一流的: * tiptop quality 一流的质量 * That meal was tiptop. 那顿饭棒极了.

TIR
[7ti: ai 'a:(r); 7ti ai 'ar] abbr 缩写 = (esp on lorries in Europe) international road transport (French Transport International Routier) （尤指欧洲载货卡车上的标记）国际陆路货运（源自法文Transport International Routier）.

tirade
[tai'reid; - 'taireid; 5taired] n long angry speech of criticism or accusation 长篇的批评性或谴责性讲话.

tire
1[5taiE(r); tair] v 1 [I, Tn, Tn.p] (cause a person or an animal to) become weary or in need of rest （使人或动物）疲劳, 疲倦: * She's got so much energy she never seems to tire. 她精力充沛--似乎从不感到疲倦. * Old people tire easily. 老年人容易疲倦. * The long walk tired me (out). 我长途步行之後很累. 2 [Ipr] ~ of sth/doing sth become uninterested in (doing) sth 对（做）某事感到厌倦: * After a week I tired of eating fish. 我吃鱼吃了一个星期之後就腻了. * He never tires of the sound of his own voice, ie He talks too much. 他的话太多. 派生： tired[5taiEd; taird] adj 1 feeling that one would like to sleep or rest 困倦的; 疲倦的: * He was a tired man when he got back from that long climb. 他长途爬山回来感到疲倦了. * I'm dead (ie extremely) tired. 我累得要死. 2 (derog 贬) over-familiar; hackneyed 陈旧的; 陈腐的: * The film had a rather tired plot. 那电影的情节是老掉牙的. * see the same tired old faces at every party 每次聚会都看到这些熟悉的面孔. 3 (idm 习语) be (sick and) tired of sb/sth/doing sth have had enough of sb/sth/doing sth; be impatient or bored with sb/sth/doing sth 对某人[某事/做某事]不耐烦或感到厌烦: * I'm tired of (listening to) your criticisms. 我听腻了你的批评. ,tired `out completely exhausted 筋疲力尽. tirednessn [U]. tireless adj not tiring easily; energetic 不易疲倦的; 精力充沛的: a tireless worker 不倦的工作者 * thanks to your tireless efforts on our behalf 多亏你为我们所做的不懈努力. tirelessly adv. tiresome[5taiEsEm; 5tairsEm] adj troublesome, tedious or annoying 令人厌倦的; 讨厌的; 烦人的: * Selling your house can be a tiresome business. 卖房子有时候是很麻烦的事. * The children were being rather tiresome. 孩子们那时很讨人厌. tiresomely adv. tiring[5taiEriN; 5tairiN] adj: * a tiring journey 令人疲倦的旅行

tire1
* The work is very tiring. 这个工作很累人.

tiro
(also tyro)[5taiErEu; 5tairo] n (pl ~s) person with little or no experience; beginner or novice 缺乏经验的人; 新手; 生手.

tissue
[5tiFu:; 5tiFu] n 1 [U, C] mass of cells forming the body of an animal or a plant （动植物的）组织: * muscular, nervous, connective, etc tissue 肌肉、 神经、 结缔等组织 * The tissues have been destroyed and a scar has formed. 那些组织受到破坏, 结了疤. 2 [C] piece of soft absorbent paper that is thrown away after use (as a handkerchief, etc) （用作手帕等的）纸巾: * a box of tissues 一盒纸巾 * `face/`facial tissues, ie for removing make-up, etc 面纸巾（用以清除脸部化妆物等的）. 3 (also `tissue-paper) [U] very thin soft paper used for wrapping and packing things （包装物品用的）薄纸, 绵纸. 4 [C, U] (any type of) fine thin woven fabric （任何种类的）薄织物. 5 [C] ~ (of sth) (fig 比喻) connected or interwoven series （相关的或交织的）一套, 一系列: * His story is a tissue of lies. 他的话是一派谎言. * the complex tissue of myth and fact 虚实交错的复杂情况.

tit
1[tit; tit] n any of various types of small bird, often with a dark top to the head （任何一种）山雀: * titmouse 山雀 * tomtit 山雀 * blue tit 蓝山雀.

Titan
[5taitn; 5taitn] n (also titan) person of great size, strength, intellect, importance, etc 高大、 强壮、 智力高、 重要...的人. 派生： titanic/tai'tAnik; tai'tAnik] adj gigantic; immense 巨大的; 极大的: * The two of them are locked in a titanic struggle for control of the company. 他们俩为争夺对公司的控制权打得不可开交.

titbit
[5titbit; 5tit7bit] (US tidbit[5tidbit; 5tid7bit] ) n (a) specially attractive bit of food 味美的少量食品: * She always keeps some titbits to give to her cat. 她总留点儿特别好吃的东西喂猫. (b) ~ (of sth) small but interestingpiece of news, gossip, etc 趣闻; 轶闻: * titbits of scandal 丑闻.

tithe
[taiT; taiT] n one tenth of the annual produce of a farm, etc formerly paid as a tax to support the clergy and the church 什一税（旧时付给圣职人员和教会的农产品）. 复合： `tithe barn barn built to store tithes 什一税农产品储存库.

titillate
[5titileit; 5titl7et] v [Tn] stimulate or excite (sb), esp sexually 刺激（某人）（尤指性欲）: * The book has no artistic merit its sole aim is to titillate (the reader). 那书毫无艺术价值, 只是撩拨（读者）情欲. > titillatingadj: * a mildly titillating film 稍有性刺激的影片. titillation/ 9tItI5leIFn; 9tItl`eFEn/ n [U].

titivate
[5titiveit; 5titE7vet] v [I, Tn] (infml 口) make (esp oneself) smart or attractive 修饰, 打扮（尤指自己）: * She spent an hour titivating (herself) before going out.她打扮了一个小时才出门儿. > titivation[7titi'veiFn;7titE'veFEn] n [U].

title
[5taitl; 5taitl] n 1 [C] name of a book, poem, picture, etc （书、 诗歌、 图画等的）名称, 题目, 标题. 2 [C] word used to show a person's rank, occupation, etc (eg King, mayor, captain) or used in speaking to or about him (eg Lord, Doctor, Mrs) 称号; 头衔（如国王、 市长、 船长）;称谓（如勋爵、 博士、 夫人）: * She has a title, ie is a memberof the nobility. 她有贵族头衔. 3 [U, C] ~ (to sth/to do sth) (law 律) right or claim, esp to the ownership of property 权益; 权利; （尤指）财产所有权: * Has he any title to the land? 他有这块土地的所有权吗? * disputing the country's title to the islands 争论该国对那些岛是否有主权. 4 [C] (sport 体) championship 冠军: * win the world heavyweight title 获重量级世界拳击冠军 * [attrib 作定语] a title fight 冠军争夺战. 派生： titled[5taitld; 5taitld] adj having a title of nobility 有爵位的; 有贵族头衔的: * a titled lady, eg a duchess 有爵位的女士（如女公爵）. 复合： `title-deed n legal document proving sb's title to a property 房地产所有权契据. `title-holder n (sport 体) champion 冠军: the British 800-metres title-holder 英国的800米冠军 * Liverpool are the current title-holders. 利物浦是目前的冠军. `title-page n page at the front of a book giving the title, author's name, etc 书名页; 扉页. `title-role n part in a play, etc that is used as the title （戏剧、 电影等中的）剧名角色, 片名角色: She has sung the title-role in `Carmen', ie sung the role of Carmen in that opera. 她在歌剧《卡门》中演唱卡门一角.

titmouse
[5titmaus; 5tit7maus] n (pl titmice[-mais;-7mais] ) type of tit1 山雀.

titter
[5titE(r); 5titl] n short nervous laugh 短促而神经质的笑. 派生： titter v [I] give a titter 发出短促而神经质的笑声: The audience tittered politely. 听众很有礼貌地吃吃地笑了笑.

tittle
tattle

titular
[5titjulE(r); - -tFu-; 5titFEll] adj [attrib 作定语] (fml 文) 1 having a certain title(2) or position but no real authority 名义上的; 有名无实的: * the titular Head of State 名义上的国家元首 * titular sovereignty 有名无实的统治权. 2 held as the result of having a title(2) 由有称号或头衔的人持有的: * titular sovereignty 因有头衔而持有的统治权.

tizzy
[5tizi; 5tizi] n (usu sing 通常作单数) (infml 口) state of nervous excitement or confusion 紧张; 慌乱: * be in/get in(to) a tizzy 处於紧张状态[慌张起来].

tn
abbr 缩写 = (US) ton(s); tonne(s).

TNT
[7ti: en 'ti:; 5ti7en'ti] abbr 缩写 = trinitrotoluene (a powerful explosive) 叁硝基甲苯（黄色炸药）.

to
do

toad
[tEud; tod] n 1 frog-like animal that lives on land except when breeding 蟾蜍; 癞蛤蟆. =>illus at frog 见frog插图. 2 (used esp as a term of abuse 尤作辱骂用词) disgusting or disliked person 可憎的或讨厌的人: * You repulsive little toad! 你这个讨厌的癞蛤蟆! 复合： ,toad-in-the-`hole n [U] (Brit) dish consisting of sausages baked in batter 裹上面糊烤的香肠.

toadstool
[5tEudstu:l; 5tod7stul] n any of various types of umbrella-shaped fungus, esp a poisonous one 伞菌科的菌; （尤指）毒蕈. =>illus at fungus 见fungus插图. Cf 参看 mushroom.

toady
[5tEudi; 5todi] n (derog 贬) person who flatters another or treats him with excessive respect in the hope of gain or advantage 谄媚者; 马屁精. 派生： toady v (pt, pp toadied) [I, Ipr] ~ (to sb) (derog 贬) behave in this way 谄媚; 奉承; 拍马: toadying to the boss 拍老板马屁.

toast
1[tEust; tost] n [U] 1 sliced bread made brown and crisp by heating under a grill, in a toaster, etc 烤面包片（面包切成片後放在烤架下、 面包片加热器等中烤黄、 烤脆）: * make some toast for breakfast 把面包片烤热作早餐 * a poached egg on toast 烤面包片加荷包蛋 * two slices of buttered toast 两片涂黄油的烤面包片. 2 (idm 习语) have sb on `toast (infml 口) have sb completelyat one's mercy 任意摆布某人. warm as toast => warm1. 派生： toast v [I, Tn] become or make brown and crisp by heating 烤黄; 烤脆: a toasted (cheese) sandwich 烤过的（乾酪）叁明治 * (fig 比喻) toasting oneself/one's feet in front of the fire 烤火[烤烤脚]. toaster n electrical device for toasting slices of bread （电的）面包片加热器. 复合： `toasting-fork n fork with a long handle used for toasting bread, etc in front of a fire 烤面包片叉（将面包片在明火上加热的长柄叉）. `toast-rack n rack for holding slices of toast at the table 面包片架（餐桌上放置烤热的面包片用的）. =>illus at rack 见rack插图.

tobacco
[tE'bAkEu; tE'bAko] n (pl ~s) 1 [C, U] (type of) leaves that are dried, cured and used for smoking (in pipes, cigarettes and cigars) or chewing, or as snuff 烟叶. 2 [U] plant from which these leaves are obtained 烟草. 派生： tobacconist/tE'bAkEnist; tE'bAkEnist] n shopkeeperwho sells cigarettes, cigars and pipe-tobacco 烟草店老板.

toboggan
[tE'bCgEn; tE'bagEn] n long light narrow sledge, often curved upwards at the front, used for sliding downhill on snow 长雪橇. 派生： toboggan v [I] use a toboggan 乘长雪橇滑行: go tobogganing 去滑雪橇.

toby jug
[5tEubi dVQg; 5tobi7dVQg] mug or jug (formerlyfor beer) in the form of an old man with a three-corneredhat 人形缸子或罐（呈头戴叁角帽的老人形, 旧时盛啤酒用的）.

toccata
[tE'ka:tE; tE'katE] n (music 音) composition for a keyboard instrument (esp the organ or harpsichord) in a free style, designed to show the performer's technique 托卡塔（用键盘乐器演奏的乐曲, 尤指用风琴或拨弦键琴演奏的）.

tocsin
[5tCksin; 5taksin] n (dated or fml 旧或文) 1 (bell rung as a) signal of alarm 警钟; 警铃; 警戒信号; 警报. 2 (fig 比喻) warning of danger 危险警报.

tod
[tCd; tad] n (idm 习语) on one's `tod (Brit infml 口) on one's own; alone 独自; 单独: * I spent the evening on my tod again. 我又单独度过了这一晚. * You mean you did it all on your tod (ie without help)? 你是说这都是你独自一人做的?

today
[tE'dei; tE'de] adv, n [U] 1 (on) this day 今天; 今日; 本日: * What are we doing today? 今天我们做什麽? * We're leaving today week/a week (from) today, ie in a week's time. 我们於下周的今天动身. * Today is my birthday. 今天是我的生日. * Have you seen today's paper? 你看见今天的报纸了吗? 2 (at) the present period or age 当今; 现代; 当世: * Women today no longer accept such treatment. 如今女子再也不接受此种待遇了. * the young people of today 现代青年.

toddle
[5tCdl; 5tadl] v [I, Ipr, Ip] 1 (esp of a young child) walk with short unsteady steps （尤指幼儿）摇摇摆摆地走: * Her two-year-old son toddled into the room. 她的两岁的儿子摇摇摆摆地走进屋里. 2 (infml 口) walk 步行; 走: * toddle round to see a friend 走着去看朋友 * I think we should be toddling along/off, ie should leave. 我看我们该走了. 派生： toddler[5tCdlE(r); 5tadll] n child who has only recently learnt to walk 刚学会走路的孩子.

toddy
[5tCdi; 5tadi] n [C, U] (glass of) alcoholic drink made of spirits, sugar and hot water （一杯）加糖加热水的烈酒.

toe
[tEu; to] n 1 (a) each of the five divisions of the front part of the human foot （人的）脚趾. =>illus at foot 见foot插图. (b) similar part of an animal's foot （动物的）足趾. 2 part of a sock, shoe, etc that covers the toes （袜、 鞋等的）足尖部. =>illus at shoe 见shoe插图. 3 (idm 习语) dig one's heels/toes in => dig1. from head to foot/toe => head1. from top to toe => top1. on one's `toes ready for action; alert 准备行动的; 警觉的: * The constant threat of danger kept us all on our toes. 我们因随时都会发生危险而保持警觉. tread on sb's corns/toes => tread. 派生： toe v (pt, pp toed, pres p toeing) (idm 习语) toe the (party) `line; US also toe the `mark obey the orders of one's group or party; conform 服从团体或党的命令; 遵从. 复合： `toe-cap n outer covering of the toe of a shoe or boot （鞋或靴尖的）包头. `toe-hold n slight foothold (eg in mountain climbing) 小的立足点（如登山途中的）: (fig 比喻) Thanks to thiscontract the firm gained a toe-hold in the European market.有了这个合同, 该公司在欧洲的市场才有立足之地. `toe-nail n nail of a human toe （人的）趾甲. =>illus at foot 见foot插图.

toff
[5tCf; tCf] n (dated Brit sl 旧, 俚) rich or well-dressed person of high social class 上流社会有钱的或衣着讲究的人.

toffee
[5tCfi; - 'tC:fi; 5tCfi] (US also taffy[5tfi; 5tAfi] ) n [C, U] 1 (piece of) hard sticky sweet made by heating sugar, butter, etc （一块）太妃糖（用食糖与黄油等加热後制成的黏性硬糖果）. 2 (idm 习语) can't do sth for `toffee (infml 口) lack the skill or ability needed to do sth 没本事做某事; 不能胜任某事: * She can't sing for toffee! 她根本不会唱歌! 复合： `toffee-apple n (Brit) apple coated with a thin layer of toffee and fixed on a stick （插在签子上的）敷太妃糖衣的苹果. `toffee-nosed adj (Brit sl 俚) snobbish; snooty 势利的; 目空一切的.

tog
[tCg; tag] v (-gg-) (phr v) tog oneself out/up (in sth) (infml 口) put on smart clothes; dress up 穿上漂亮衣服; 穿上盛装: * children togged out in their Sunday best 穿着漂亮衣服的儿童. 派生： togs n [pl] (infml 口) clothes 衣物; 衣服: games togs 运动服 * summer togs 夏季衣服.

toga
[5tEugE; 5togE] n loose outer garment worn by men in ancient Rome 托加袍（古罗马男子穿的宽松罩袍）.

together
[tE'geTE(r); tE'geTl] adv 1 in or into company; with or towards each other 在一起; 到一起; 共同: * Let's go for a walk together. 咱们一起去散步吧. * I hear they're living together, ie in the same house. 我听说他们住在一起. * Get all the ingredients together before you start cooking. 把所有材料都放在一起再动手烹饪. 2 so as to be in contact or united 致使相接触或相结合: * glue, nail, tie, etc two boards together 把两块木板粘、 钉、 捆等在一起 * Mix the sand and cement together, then add water. 把沙子和水泥混在一起再加水. * (fig 比喻) He's got more money than the rest of us (put) together. 他的钱比我们大家的加在一起的总数还多. 3 in or into agreement or harmony 一致; 协调; 变得一致或协调: * negotiations aimed at bringing the two sides in the dispute closer together 使辩论双方意见趋於一致的谈判 * The party is absolutely together on this issue. 该党在这一问题上意见完全一致. 4 at the same time; simultaneously 同时; 一起: * All my troubles seem to come together. 我的各种问题似乎同时出现了. * They were all talking together and I couldn't understand a word. 他们一起说话, 我一个字都听不清. 5 without interruption; in continuous succession 不间断地; 连续地: * It rained for three days together. 一连下了叁天雨. * She can sit reading for hours together. 她能连续几个小时坐在那儿看书. 6 (idm 习语) get sth/it to`gether (sl 俚) get sth/it organized or under control 使某事物有组织或受控制: * She would be a very good player if only she could get it together. 她若能控制得当就能成为很好的选手. together with as well as; and also 和; 连同: * These new facts, together with the other evidence, prove the prisoner's innocence. 这些新的事实连同其他证据已证明在押者无罪. 派生： together adj (sl approv 俚, 褒 esp US) organized; capable 有组织的; 有能力的: He's incredibly together forsomeone so young. 他这麽年轻, 能力真了不起together1 /// * a reallytogether organization 很严密的组织. togetherness n [U] feeling of unity, friendship or love 团结; 友爱.

toggle
[5tCgl; 5tagl] n fastening consisting of a short piece of wood, etc that is passed through a loop or hole (eg instead of a button on a coat) 套索钉; 棒形纽扣（如大衣上的）. 复合： `toggle-switch n electrical switch operated by a short lever which is moved (usu) up and down 扳纽开关; 肘节开关.

toil
[tCil; tCil] v (fml or rhet 文或修辞) 1 [I, Ipr, Ip, It] ~ away (at/over sth) work long or hard 长时间或辛苦工作: * students toiling over their homework 辛辛苦苦做功课的学生 * We toiled away all afternoon to get the house ready for our guests. 我们忙了一下午收拾房子准备迎接宾客. 2 [Ipr, Ip] move slowly and with difficulty in the specified direction 缓慢而艰难地向某方向移动: * The bus toiled up the steep hill. 公共汽车艰难地爬上陡峭的山岗. * The ground was muddy and uneven, but we toiled on. 地面泥泞不平, 我们仍吃力地向前走. 派生： toil n [U] (fml or rhet 文或修辞) hard or lengthy work 辛苦的或长时间的工作: after years of toil 辛苦地工作了多年之後. =>Usage at work1 用法见work1. toiler n.

toilet
[5tCilit; 5tCilit] n 1 [C] (room containing a) lavatory厕所; 卫生间; 盥洗室; 恭桶: * Can you tell me where the toilets are? 您能告诉我洗手间在哪儿吗? =>Usage 见所附用法. 2 [U] (dated 旧) process of washing and dressing oneself, arranging one's hair, etc 化妆; 梳洗; 打扮: * [attrib 作定语] a `toilet set 一套梳妆用具 * `toilet articles, ie hairbrushes, combs, hand-mirrors, etc 梳妆用具（发刷、 梳子、 手镜等）. 派生： toiletries[5tCilitriz; 5tCilEtriz] n [pl] (in shops) articlesor products used in washing, dressing, etc （商店中的）化妆用品. 复合： `toilet-paper n [U] paper for use in a lavatory 卫生纸; 手纸. `toilet-roll n roll of toilet-paper 卫生纸卷; 手纸卷. `toilet-train v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] train (a child) to control its urination and defecation and to use a lavatory 训练（孩子）控制大小便和上厕所: She isn't toilet-trained yet. 她还没学过用厕所. `toilet-training n [U]. `toilet water scented water for use on the skin, esp after washing 花露水. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: In British English the toilet in private houses is called the lavatory, toilet, WC (dated), or loo (informal). 在英式英语中, 私人住宅中的厕所称为the lavatory、 toilet、 WC（已陈旧）或loo（用於口语）. In public places it is called the Gents/the Ladies or public conveniences. 公共场所的厕所称为the Gents/the Ladies或public conveniences. In US English it is called the lavatory, toilet or bathroom in private houses and the washroom or rest-room in public buildings. 在美式英语中私人住宅中的厕所称为the lavatory、 toilet或bathroom, 在公共建 物中的称为the washroom或rest-room.

toing
[5tu:iN; 5tuiN] n (idm 习语) ,toing and `froing movement backwards and forwards 前前後後的运动: * After much toing and froing we got all the children back to their homes. 我们来来往往很多次把孩子们都送回家了.

token
[5tEukEn; 5tokEn] n 1 sign, symbol or evidence of sth 表徵; 标志; 证据: * A white flag is used as a token of surrender. 白旗是用作投降的信号. * These flowers are a small token of my gratitude. 谨以此花聊表谢忱. 2 disc like a coin used to operate certain machines or as a form of payment （用以启动某些机器或用作付款形式的）代币, 专用辅币: * Tokens for the cigarette machine are available at the bar. 在柜台可以买到供自动售烟机使用的代币. * milk tokens, ie (in Britain) bought from the milkman and left on the doorstep to pay for the milk delivered 牛奶票（送奶人出售的票证, 购者用以付送奶费, 可置於门外）. 3 (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) voucher or coupon, usu attached to a greetings card, which can be exchanged for goods of the value shown 赠券; 礼券: * a 10 `book/`record/`gift token 金额10英镑的书券[唱片券/礼券]. 4 (idm 习语) by the same token => same1. in token of sth as evidence of sth 作为某事的证据: * Please accept this gift in token of our affection for you. 请接受这一礼物, 这是我们微薄的情意. 派生： token adj [attrib 作定语] 1 serving as a sign or pledge of sth 象徵性的; 作为对某事的保证的: a token payment, ie payment of a small part of what is owed, as an acknowledgement of the debt 象徵性的偿付（偿付小部分欠款, 作为承认该债务的象徵） * a token strike, ie a short strike serving as a warning that a longer one may follow 象徵性罢工（短期罢工, 以警告对方可能发动长期罢工）. 2 done, existing, etc on a small scale as a gesture of sth that is not seriously or sincerely meant; superficial or perfunctory 装样子的; 敷衍的; 表面的: Our troops encountered only token resistance. 我们的部队仅受到表面上的抵抗. * a token attempt, effort, offer, etc 装样子的尝试、 努力、 好意等 * the token woman on the committee, ie included to avoid charges of sexual discrimination 委员会中做装点的女性（以免遭性别歧视的指责）.

told
pt, pp of tell.

tolerate
[5tClEreit; 5talE7ret] v 1 [Tn, Tsg] allow (sth that one dislikes or disagrees with) without interfering 容忍（不喜欢或不赞成的某事物）: * a government which refuses to tolerate opposition 不容有人反对的政府 * I won't tolerate such behaviour/your behaving in this way. 我不能容忍这种行为[你这样做]. 2 [Tn] endure (sb/sth) without protesting 忍受（某人[某事]）: * How can you tolerate that awful woman? 你怎麽能忍得了那可恶的女人? * tolerate heat, noise, pain, etc well 很能忍受炎热、 吵闹、 痛苦等. 3 [Tn] (medical 医) be able to take (a drug, etc) or undergo (a treatment) without harm 能服用（药等）; 能经受（治疗）: * The body cannot tolerate such large amounts of radiation. 身体经不住那麽大剂量的放射线. 派生： tolerable[5tClErEbl; 5talErEbl] adj 1 that can be tolerated; endurable 可容忍的; 可忍受的: * The heat was tolerable at night but suffocating during the day. 在夜间尚能忍受这种高温, 但白天就令人感到呼吸困难. 2 fairly good; passable 尚好的; 还可以的: * tolerable weather 还算好的天气 * in tolerable health 尚算健康 * We had a very tolerable (ie excellent) lunch. 我们吃了顿很不错的午饭. tolerably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv in a moderate degree; fairly well 相当地; 尚好: * feel tolerably (ie almost completely) certain about sth 觉得对某事相当有把握 * He plays the piano tolerably well. 他弹钢琴弹得还不错. tolerance[5tClErEns; 5talErEns] n 1 [U] willingness or ability to tolerate sb/sth 容忍; 忍受; 宽容: * religious/racial tolerance 宗教[种族]上的宽容 * As the addict's tolerance increases, he requires ever larger doses of the drug. 嗜毒者由於对药物的耐受性增加了, 因而需要更大剂量的毒品. 2 [C, U] (engineering 工) amount by which the size, weight, etc of a part can vary without causing problems 容许偏差; 公差; 容限:

tolerate1
* working to a tolerance of 0.0001 of an inch/to very fine tolerances 加工至公差0.0001英寸[极小]. tolerant[-rEnt; -rEnt] adj ~ (of/towards sb/sth) having or showing tolerance 容忍的; 忍受的; 宽容的: * I'm a tolerant man but your behaviour is more than I can bear. 我是个能忍的人, 但你的行为我已忍无可忍. * Her own mistakes made her very tolerant of/towards (the faults of) others. 她因自己有错误, 对别人（的错误）就概不计较了. tolerantly adv. toleration[7tClE'reiFn; 7talE'reFEn] n [U] action or practice of tolerating (tolerate1, 2) 容忍; 忍受; 宽容.

toll
1[tEul; tol] n 1 money paid for the use of a road, bridge, harbour, etc （道路、 桥梁、 港口等的）使用费, 通行费, 停泊费. 2 loss or damage caused by sth 某事造成的损失或毁坏: * the death-toll in the earthquake, on the roads, after the massacre, ie the number of people killed 地震、 交通事故、 大屠杀的死亡人数. 3 (idm 习语) take a heavy toll/take its toll (of sth) cause loss, damage, etc 造成损失、 毁坏等: * The war took a heavy toll of human life. 这次战争夺去了许多人的生命. * Every year at Christmas drunken driving takes its toll. 每年的圣诞节都有醉酒驾车的伤亡事故. 复合： `toll-bridge n bridge at which a toll is charged 收费桥. `toll-gate n gate across a road to prevent anyone passing until the toll has been paid （收费路上的）收费门. `toll-house n house occupied by the person who collects tolls on a road, etc 收费亭; 收费所; 收费处.

Tom
[tCm; tam] n (idm 习语) (any/every) ,Tom, Dick and `Harry (usu derog 通常作贬义) anybody at all; people at random 任何人; （泛指的）人: * We don't want any (old) Tom, Dick and Harry using the club bar. 我们不能让随便什麽人都来用俱乐部的酒吧.

tom
tom

tomahawk
[5tCmEhC:k; 5tamE7hCk] n light axe used as a tool or weapon by N American Indians 印第安战斧（北美印第安人用作工具或武器的）.

tomato
[tE'ma:tEu; - tE'meitEu; tE'meto] n (pl ~es) (a) soft juicy red or yellow fruit eaten raw or cooked as a vegetable 番茄; 西红柿: * [attrib 作定语] tomato juice, sauce, soup, ketchup 番茄汁、 沙司、 汤、 酱. =>illus at salad 见salad插图. (b) plant on which this fruit grows 番茄（植物）.

tomb
[tu:m; tum] n hole dug in the ground, etc for a dead body, esp one with a stone monument over it 坟, 墓（尤指有石碑的）. 复合： `tombstone n memorial stone set up over a tomb 墓碑.

tombola
[tCm'bEulE; 5tambolE] n [C, U] (Brit) type of lottery with prizes for the holders of tickets picked out of a revolving drum 一种摇彩抽奖.

tomboy
[5tCmbCi; 5tam7bCi] n girl who enjoys rough noisy games 爱打打闹闹的女孩儿. > tomboyish adj.

tome
[tEum; tom] n large heavy book, esp a scholarly or serious one 大部头书, 大本书（尤指学术性的或理论性的）.

tomfool
[7tCm'fu:l; 5tam'ful] adj very foolish; stupid 极傻的; 愚蠢的: * a tomfool thing to do 干蠢事. 派生： tomfoolery[-Eri; -Eri] n [U, C usu pl 作不可数名词或可数名词, 後者通常作复数] foolish behaviour or act 愚蠢的举动.

tommy
gun

tomorrow
[tE'mCrEu; tE'mCro] n [U] 1 the day after today 明天: * Today is Tuesday so tomorrow is Wednesday. 今天是星期二, 那麽明天就是星期叁. * Tomorrow is going to be fine according to the forecast. 据天气预报报道, 明天晴. * The announcement will appear in tomorrow'snewspapers. 该通告将於明日见报. * [attrib 作定语] tomorrow morning/afternoon/evening/night 明天上午[下午/晚上/夜里]. 2 the near future 不久的将来: * Who knows what changes tomorrow may bring? 谁知道将来有什麽变化? * tomorrow's world 明日世界. 3 (idm 习语) the day after tomorrow => day. 派生： tomorrow adv on the day after today 在明天: She's getting married tomorrow. 她明天结婚. * See you this time tomorrow, then. 那麽, 我们明天此时见面.

tomtit
[5tCmtit; 5tam7tit] n type of tit(1), esp the blue tit 山雀（尤指蓝山雀）.

ton
[tQn; tQn] n 1 [C] measure of weight, in Britain 2240 lb(long ton) and in the US 2000 lb (short ton) 吨（英国为2240磅, 即长吨; 美国为2000磅, 即短吨）. =>App 5 见附录5. Cf 参看 tonne. 2 [C] measure of capacity for various materials, esp 40 cubic feet of timber 容积吨（尤指容纳40立方英尺木材的）. 3 [C] (nautical 海) (a) measure of the size of a ship (1 ton = 100 cubic feet) （船的）吨位（1吨=100立方英尺）. (b) measure of the amount of cargo a ship can carry (1 ton = 40 cubic feet) （船的）装载吨, 载货吨（1吨=40立方英尺）. 4 tons [pl] ~s (of sth) (infml 口) a lot 大量; 很多: * They've got tons of money. 他们有很多钱. * I've still got tons (of work) to do. 我还有许多事要做. 5 (idm 习语) do a/the `ton (sl 俚) drive at a speed of 100 mph or more 以每小时至少100英里的速度开车: * got caught doing a ton on the motorway 在高速公路上以100英里时速开车而被抓住. (come down on sb) like a ton of `bricks (infml 口) (criticize or punish sb) with great force or violence 严厉地（斥责或惩罚某人）. weigh a ton => weigh. 复合： ton-`up adj [attrib 作定语] (dated sl 旧, 俚) (of a driver) driving at a speed of 100 mph or more （指驾车者）以每小时至少100英里的速度开车的: one of the ton-up boys 以每小时100英里速度开车的一个男孩儿.

tonal
[5tEunl; 5tonl] adj 1 of (a) tone or tones 声音的; 音调的. 2 (music 音) of tonality 调性的. 派生： tonality/tEu'nAlEti; to'nAlEti] n [U, C] (music 音) (use of a particular) key, esp as the basis of a melody or composition 调性, 调（的运用）（尤指作为某旋律或乐曲的基调）.

tone
1[tEun; ton] n 1 [C] sound, esp with reference to its pitch, quality, strength, etc 声音; 音调; 音质: * the ringing tones of an orator's voice 演说者宏亮的声音 * the alarm bell's harsh tone 刺耳的警钟的声音. 2 [C] manner of expression in speaking 语气; 口气; 腔调: * speak in an angry, impatient, entreating, etc tone 以愤怒、 不耐烦、 恳求等的语气说话 * a tone of command, reproach, regret, etc 命令、 责备、 抱歉等的口气 * Don't speak to me in that tone (of voice), ie in that unpleasant, insolent, critical, etc way. 别用那种腔调跟我说话. 3 [C, U] quality or character of sound produced by a musical instrument （乐器的）音质, 音色: * a violin with (an) excellent tone 音色优美的小提琴. 4 [sing] general spirit or character of sth 某事物的格调或特性: * Overall, the tone of the book is satirical/the book is satirical in tone. 总的说来, 这本书是讽刺性的. * set the tone for/of the meeting with a conciliatory speech 以表示和解的讲话为会议定调子 * lower/raise the tone of a conversation, an occasion, an organization, ie make it worse/better 使谈话不投机[投机]、 冲淡[增加]一场合的气氛、 减弱[增强]一组织的声势. 5 [C] (music 音) any one of the five larger intervals between one note and the next that (together with two semitones) make up an octave 全音. 6 [C] (a) tint or shade (of a colour); degree (of light) 色度; 光度: * a carpet in tones of brown and orange 有棕色和橙色交织的一块地毯. (b) general effect of colour, light and shade 色调、 明暗、 影调的总体效果: * a picture in warm, dull, bright, etc tones 暖色调的、 暗淡的、 明亮的...画儿 * an artist's fine painting of skin tones 画家将肤色明暗处理得很好的画. 7 [U] proper firmness of the body 身体强壮: * good muscular tone 肌肉结实. 8 [C] audible signal on a telephone line （打电话时听到的）信号:

tone1
* the dialling/ringing tone 表示可以拨号的嗡声[对方电话的振铃声] * That tone means that the number is engaged. 那种声音表示该号电话占线. * Please speak after the tone, eg as an instruction on an answering machine. 听到信号後请讲话（如应答机的提示）. 9 [C] (linguistics 语言) pitch aspect of a syllable; rise or fall of pitch in speaking 音调; 声调: * In `Are you ill?’ there is usually a rising tone on `ill' , while in `He's ill' there is usually a falling tone on `ill'. 在`Are you ill?'一句中, ill一词通常用升调, 在`He's ill'一句中, ill一词通常用降调. 派生： -toned (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having the specified type of tone1(3) 有某种音质的: silver-toned trumpets 声音清脆的小号. toneless adj lacking colour, spirit, expression, etc; dull无色调的; 无生气的; 无表情的; 沉闷的; 呆板的: answerin a toneless voice 以平淡的声调回答. tonelessly adv. 复合： ,tone-`deaf adj unable to distinguish accurately between different musical notes 不能辨别不同音高的. `tone language (linguistics 语言) language in which the meaning of a word depends on the pitch at which it is uttered (eg Chinese) 声调语言（如汉语）. `tone-poem n (music 音) orchestral composition writtento illustrate a poetic idea, legend, place, etc musically 交响诗.

tongs
[tCNz; tCNz] n [pl] 1 instrument with two movable arms joined at one end, used for picking up and holding things 钳; 夹剪: * a pair of tongs 一把夹剪 * `sugar/`coal/`ice tongs 糖[煤/冰块]夹子. 2 (idm 习语) be/go at it/each other hammer and tongs => hammer1.

tongue
[tQN; tQN] n 1 [C] movable organ in the mouth, used in tasting, licking, swallowing and (in man) speaking 舌; 舌头. =>illus at throat 见throat插图. =>Usage at body 用法见body. 2 [C, U] tongue of an ox, etc as food 口条: * ham and tongue sandwiches 火腿加口条叁明治. 3 [C] (fml or rhet 文或修辞) language 语言: * He speaks English, but his native tongue is German. 他会说英语, 但他的母语是德语. Cf 参看 mother tongue (mother). 4 [C] (a) projecting strap or flap 突出的带或盖; 舌状物: * the tongue of a shoe, ie the strip of leather under the laces 鞋舌 * the tongue (ie clapper) of a bell 铃舌 * a narrow tongue of land (ie promontory) juttingout into the sea 突入海中的尖形陆地（岬角）. (b) taperingjet of flame 火苗; 火舌: * tongues of flame lapping the edges of the bonfire 舔着火堆边缘的火舌. 5 (idm 习语) bite one's tongue => bite1. an evil tongue => evil. find/lose one's voice/tongue => find1. get one's `tongue round/around sth manage to pronounce (a difficult word or name) correctly 尽力将（难读的单词或名称）读正确. give sb/get the edge of one's/sb's tongue => edge1. have a loose tongue => loose1. hold one's peace/tongue => peace. loosen sb'stongue => loosen. on the tip of one's tongue => tip1.put/stick one's `tongue out show one's tongue outside one's lips, eg to a doctor or as a rude gesture 伸舌头, 吐舌头（如让医生看或作为粗俗的动作）: * Don't you dare stick your tongue out at me! 你竟敢冲我吐舌头! a silver tongue => silver. tongues wag (infml 口) there is gossip or rumour 说闲话; 造谣: * Their scandalousaffair has really set tongues wagging. 他们的风流事可招来了不少闲话. a slip of the pen/tongue => slip1. with (one's) tongue in (one's) `cheek not intending to be taken seriously; with irony or humour 并非让人信以为真; 带有反话或幽默意味:

tongue1
* Don't be fooled by all his complimentary remarks they were all said with tongue in cheek. 别让他的恭维话给糊弄住--那些话可当不得真. with one's `tongue hanging out (a) extremely thirsty 非常渴. (b) eagerly expecting sth 渴望某事物. 派生： -tongued (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having the specified manner of speaking 有某种说话方式的: sharp-tongued 言语尖苛的. 复合： ,tongue-in-`cheek adj not intended seriously; ironical or joking 并非当真的; 有反话意味的; 开玩笑的: tongue-in-cheek remarks 说说而已的话. `tongue-lashing n severe rebuke or scolding 严厉的指毒或叱责. `tongue-tied adj silent because of shyness or embarrassment （因羞怯或尴尬）张口结舌的. `tongue-twister n word or phrase that is difficult to pronounce correctly or quickly, eg She sells sea shells on the sea-shore 绕口令.

tonic
[5tCnik; 5tanik] n 1 [C, U] medicine that gives strength or energy, taken after illness or when tired补药; 滋补品. 2 [C usu sing 通常作单数] (fig 比喻) anything that makes people feel healthier or happier 使人感到健康或快乐的事物: * Praise can be a fine tonic. 赞美的话有时真让人感到美滋滋的. * The good news acted as a tonic on us all. 那个好消息使我们大家欢欣鼓舞. * [attrib 作定语] the tonic effects of sea air 海上空气的保健作用. 3 [C, U] = tonic water. 4 [C] (music 音) keynote 主音. 复合： `tonic water (also tonic) mineral water flavoured with quinine 汤尼水（以奎宁调味的含矿物质的饮料）: a bottle of tonic water 一瓶汤尼汽水 * a gin and tonic 杜松子酒加汤尼水 * Two tonic waters/tonics, please. 请来两份汤尼汽水.

tonight
[tE'nait; tE'nait] n [U] (a) the present evening or night （此时的）晚间, 夜里: * Here are tonight's football results. 现在报告晚间足球赛的结果. (b) the evening or night of today 今晚; 今夜: * Tonight will be cloudy. 今天夜间多云. 派生： tonight adv on the present evening or night or that of today 在今晚; 在今夜: See you at nine o'clock tonight, then. 那麽, 咱们晚上九点见吧. * Are you doing anything tonight? 你今天晚上有事吗?

tonnage
[5tQnidV; 5tQnidV] n [U, C] 1 (nautical 海) (a) size of a ship, expressed in tons (ton1) （船的）吨位. (b) amount of cargo a ship can carry, expressed in tons (ton 3b) （船的货运的）吨位. (c) size of a country's merchant fleet, expressed in tons (ton3a) （一国商船船队的）吨位. 2 (commerce 商) charge per ton for carryingcargo or freight 每吨货物的运费.

tonne
[tQn; tQn] n metric ton, 1000 kilograms 吨, 公吨（1000公斤）. =>App 5 见附录5. Cf 参看 ton1.

tonsil
[5tCnsl; 5tansl] n either of two small organs at the sides of the throat near the root of the tongue 扁桃体: * have one's tonsils out, ie have them removed by a surgeon 切除扁桃体. =>illus at throat 见throat插图. 派生： tonsillitis[7tCnsi'laitis; 7tansl'aitis] n [U] inflammationof the tonsils 扁桃体炎.

tonsure
[5tCnFE(r); 5tanFl] n 1 [U] shaving the top or all of the head of a person about to become a priest ormonk （做僧侣时的）削发. 2 [C] part of the head shavedin this way （僧侣的）头顶剃光的部. > tonsured adj.

too
[tu:; tu] adv 1 (usu placed at the end; in speech, with stress on too and on the word it modifies 通常置於句末; 说话时, too及其修饰的词重读) in addition; also 也; 又; 还: * `I've been to Paris `too, ie in addition to other people. 我也去过巴黎（除别人外）. * I've been to `Paris, `too, ie in addition to other places. 我还去过巴黎（除其他地方外）. * He plays the guitar and `sings `too. 他会弹吉他, 也会唱歌. =>Usage at also 用法见also. 2 (used before adjs and advs 用於形容词和副词之前) to a higher degree than is allowed, desirable or possible 过於; 过度; 太: * drive too fast, ie faster than the permitted speed limit or than is sensible 开车过快（超过限定速度或快得不当） * These shoes are much too small for me. 我穿这双鞋太小. * It's too cold to go in the sea yet. 天太冷还不能下海. * This is too difficult a text for them/This text is too difficult for them. 这篇课文对他们来说太难了. * We can't ski because there's too little snow. 因为雪下得太少, 我们不能滑雪. * It's too long a journey to make in one day. 路程太远, 一天之内到不了. * (fml 文) Her work has been too much ignored for too long. 她的工作长期以来太不受重视了. 3 (indicating surprise and usu displeasure 表示惊讶, 通常为不愉快的): * I had flu last week. And I was on holiday `too! 我上星期得了流感. 我当时还正度假呢! * I've lost an ear-ring. It was an expensive one `too. 我丢了一只耳环. 还是个挺贵的. 4 very 很; 非常: * I'm not too sure if this is right. 这是否正确, 我没有把握. 5 (idm 习语) be too much for sb (a) (require one to) be superior in skill, strength, etc to sb else （要求自己）在技巧、 力量等方面超过他人; 非某人力所能及: * The Cambridge team were too much for the Oxford team in the quiz. 在智力竞赛中, 剑桥队远胜牛津队. * A cycling holiday would be too much for an unfit person like me. 像我这种身体, 骑自行车度假力不从心.

too1
(b) be more than can be tolerated 忍无可忍: * All that giggling and whispering was too much for me I had to leave the room. 我受不了那些咯咯的笑声和交头接耳的样子--只好离开了那间屋子.

took
pt of take1.

tool
[tu:l; tul] n 1 instrument held in the hand and used for working on sth 工具: * A screwdriver and a hammer are the only tools you need. 你需用的工具只是改锥和锤子. * garden tools, eg spade, rake, etc 园艺工具（如锹、 耙等）. 2 anything used to do or achieve sth 用具; 器具: * The computer is now an indispensable tool in many businesses. 目前计算机是很多公司不可或缺的用具. =>Usage at machine 用法见machine. 3 person used or exploited by another, esp for selfish or dishonest purposes 受人利用的人（尤指被利用为他人谋私利或做坏事的人）: * The prime minister was a mere tool in the hands of the country's president. 那个总理只不过是该国总统的马前卒. 4 ( sl 讳, 俚) penis 鸡巴; 阴茎. 5 (idm 习语) down tools => down3. 派生： tool v 1 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] make a design on (the cover or binding of a book) by pressing with a heated tool(1) 用压印器在（书的封面或封底）上压印图案: hand-tooled leather 用手工压印的皮封面 * The spine is tooled in gold. 那书脊是烫金的. 2 (phr v) tool along (infml 口) drive in a casual and relaxed way 悠闲自在地开车. tool sth up equip (a factory) with the necessary machine tools 用所需的机械设备装备（工厂）.

toot
[tu:t; tut] n [C] short sound from a horn, whistle, etc （号角、 笛等发出的）短鸣, 嘟嘟声. 派生： toot v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) make a toot （使某物）发嘟嘟声: The driver tooted his horn as he approached the bend. 开车的人在快要转弯时按响了喇叭.

tooth
[tu:W; tuW] n (pl teeth/ti:W; tiW] ) 1 [C] each of the hard white bony structures rooted in the gums, used for biting and chewing 牙; 齿: * The baby's first front teeth are just coming through. 那孩子的门牙刚长出来. * have a tooth out, ie extracted by a dentist 拔一颗牙 * She still has all her own teeth, ie no false ones. 她满口牙还很好. 2 [C] tooth-like part, eg on a comb, saw or gear 齿状部分（如梳子、 锯或齿轮的）. 3 teeth [pl] (infml 口) effective force 有效的力量: * The law must be given more teeth if crime is to be properly controlled. 要想有效控制住犯罪活动, 就得加强法制的威力. 4 (idm 习语) armed to the teeth => arm3. bare its teeth => bare2. by the skin of one's teeth => skin. cast, fling, throw, etc sth in sb's `teeth reproach sb with sth 以某事责备某人. cut a `tooth have a tooth that is just pushing out through the gum 长出牙齿. cut one's `teeth on sth gain experience from sth 从某事中获得经验. draw sb's/sth's teeth/fangs => draw2. fight, etc tooth and `nail fight, etc very fiercely or persistently 猛烈或顽强地斗争等. get/take the bit between one's/the teeth => bit2. get one's teeth into sth deal with or concentrate on sth 处理某事; 专心於某事: * Now you know what the job involves here's something to get your teeth into. 你既然对这项工作已有所了解, 有些事就由你去处理吧. grit one's teeth => grit v. have a sweet tooth => sweet1. in the teeth of sth (a) in spite of sth; in opposition to sth 不顾某事; 反对某事: * The new policy was adopted in the teeth of fierce criticism. 那项新政策尽管受到强烈抨击却硬是采用了. (b) directly against (the wind, etc) 顶着, 迎着（风等）. a kick in the teeth => kick2. lie in/through one's teeth/throat => lie1. long in the tooth => long1. set sb's `teeth on edge (esp of a sharp sound or taste) annoy or displease sb （尤指刺耳的声音或强烈的味道）恼人的, 使人难受的. show one's teeth => show2.

tooth1
派生： toothed/tu:Wt; tuWt] adj [attrib 作定语] 1 havingteeth 有齿的. 2 (in compounds 用以构成复合词) havingteeth of the specified type 有某种齿的: * a saw-toothed wheel 锯齿的. toothless adj without teeth 无牙的; 无齿的. toothy (-ier, -iest) adj having many, large or noticeable teeth 多齿的; 有巨齿的; 露齿的: a toothy grin 露齿一笑. toothily adv. 复合： `toothache n [C, U] pain in a tooth or teeth 牙痛: I've got (a/the) toothache. 我牙疼. `toothbrush n brush for cleaning the teeth 牙刷. =>illus at brush 见brush插图. `toothpaste n [U] paste for cleaning the teeth 牙膏. `tooth-powder n [U, C] powder for cleaning the teeth 牙粉. `toothpick n short pointed piece of wood, etc for removing bits of food from between the teeth 牙签.

toothsome
[5tu:WsEm; 5tuWsEm] adj (fml 文) (of food) tasting pleasant （指食物）美味的, 可口的.

tootle
[5tu:tl; 5tutl] v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (on sth) toot gently or repeatedly 发轻柔或连续的嘟嘟声. 2 [Ipr, Ip] (infml口) go in a casual or leisurely way 悠闲自得地走: * tootlinginto town 溜溜达达地进城去 * tootle around on one's bike 骑自行车闲逛.

top
1[tCp; tap] n 1 [C] highest part or point 顶; 顶部; 上部; 上端: * at the top of the hill 在山顶 * the surrounding hilltops 四周的山顶 * five lines from the top of the page 该页上端五行 * My office is at the top of the building. 我的办公室在楼的顶层. 2 [C] upper surface 上面; 上边: * polish the top of the table/the `table-top 把桌面磨光 * put the luggage on top of the car, eg on a roof-rack 把行李放在汽车顶上（如顶部行李架上）. 3 [sing] ~ (of sth) highest or most important rank or position 最高的或最重要的级别或位置: * come to/rise to/reach the top, ie achieve fame, success, etc 登峰造极（成名、 成功等） * Liverpool finished the season (at the) top of the football league. 利物浦队在该赛季足球联赛中独占鳌头. * He's at the top of his profession. 他在同行中首屈一指. * We've got a lot of things to do, but packing is top of the list. 我们有许多事情要做, 但最重要的是先收拾行李. * the top of the table, ie the upper end, where eg the most distinguished people sit 上座（如最尊的坐位）. 4 [C] (a) thing forming or covering the upper part of sth 构成或罩在上部之物: * the top of the milk, ie the layer of cream floating on it 浮在牛奶上的奶皮儿 * Put the top back on that felt-tip pen or it will dry out. 给毡头笔套上笔帽, 不然就乾了. * She took off the top of her bikini. 她脱去了比基尼泳装的上部. (b) lid or stopper 盖子; 塞子: * Where's the top of this paint can? 这油漆罐的盖儿在哪儿呢? * a bottle with a screw-top 带螺口盖儿的瓶子. (c) (esp woman's) garment covering the upper part of the body （尤指女用的）上衣: * I need a top to go with these slacks. 我需要一件上衣来配这条宽松裤. 5 [U] = top gear: * You shouldn't be in top. 你不应该使用高速挡. 6 [C usu pl 通常作复数] leaves of a plant grown chiefly for its root （根菜作物的）叶子:

top1
* `turnip tops 芜菁的叶子. 7 (idm 习语) at the top of the `tree in the highest position or rank in a profession, career, etc 居於行业、 事业等的最高地位或级别. at the top of one's `voice as loudly as one can 以最大的嗓音: * cheering, shouting, screaming, etc at the top(s) of their voices 可着嗓子欢呼、 喊叫、 尖叫等. blow one's top => blow1. from ,top to `bottom completely 从上到下; 完全地; 全部地: * We searched the house from top to bottom. 我们把那所房子彻底搜寻了一遍. from ,top to `toe from head to foot 从头到脚. in the first/top flight => flight1. off the ,top of one's `head (infml 口) (of sth said) without previous thought or preparation （指说出的话）未经考虑或准备的: * I can't tell you the answer off the top of my head. 我不经考虑无法告诉你答案. on `top (a) above 在上边: * The green book is at the bottom of the pile and the red one is on top. 绿皮的书在那一摞的底下, 红皮的在上边. (b) in a superior position; in control 处於优势; 在控制之中: * Lendl was on top throughout the match. 伦德尔在比赛中始终占优势. on top of sth/sb (a) over or above sth/sb 在某物[某人]的上方或上边: * Put this record on top of the others. 把这张唱片放在其他唱片上面. * Many people were crushed when the building collapsed on top of them. 那座大楼倒塌时把下面的很多人都砸死了. (b) in addition to sth 加在某事物上: * He gets commission on top of his salary. 他除了薪水之外还得到佣金. * On top of borrowing 50, he asked me to lend him my car. 他向我借了50英镑, 此外还向我借汽车. (c) (infml 口) very close to sth 紧接着某事; 紧靠着某物: * There is no privacy when houses are built on top of each other like that. 像那样房子挨着房子, 也就无所谓私生活了. (be/feel) on ,top of the `world very happy or proud, esp because of success or good fortune 非常愉快或自豪（尤指因获成功或好运）. ,overthe `top (infml 口 esp Brit) to an exaggerated or excessivedegree 过火; 过头:

top2
* The film's violent ending is completely over the top. 影片结尾的暴力场面太过分了. * an actor who tends to go over the top, ie to overact 表演得过火的演员. (the) top `brass (sl 俚) senior officers or officials高级军官或官员: * Plenty of top brass attended the ceremony. 有很多大官儿出席了典礼. (be) top `dog (sl 俚) person, group, country, etc having superiority or advantages over others 有优势的人、 团体、 国家等. the top `storey (joc 谑) the brain (of a person) （人的）头脑: * He's a bit weak in the top storey, ie not very intelligent. 他的脑筋差点事儿. 派生： top adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] highest in position, rank or degree （位置、 地位、 级别或程度）最高的: a room on the top floor 位於顶层的房间 * one of Britain'stop scientists 英国最杰出的科学家之一 * top jobs, people要职、 要人 * travelling at top (ie maximum) speed 以最快的速度行进. topless adj (a) (of a woman) having the breasts and upper part of the body bare （指女子）上身裸露的, 无上装的: a topless waitress 无上装女服务员. (b) (of a woman's garment) exposing the breasts （指女装）露乳房的: a topless dress 露乳房的连衣裙. adv with the breasts bare 露着乳房: sunbathe topless 露着乳房作日光浴. 复合： `top-boot n boot reaching to just below the knee 高筒靴. `topcoat n 1 last of several coats of paint applied to a surface （几道涂料的）最外涂层. Cf 参看 undercoat 1. 2 (dated 旧) = overcoat. ,top `drawer the highest social position 社会的最高地位: She's out of the top drawer/She's very top drawer. 她出身上层社会[她社会地位极高]. ,top-`dress v [Tn] apply manure, etc to the surface of (soil or land) without ploughing or digging it in 在（土地）的表层施肥等. ,top-`dressing n [C, U] (substance used for) this process （在土地表层）施肥的过程或肥料. ,top-`flight adj in the highest rank of achievement 成就的最高级别的; 造诣最高的: ,top-flight com`puter scientists最优秀的计算机科学家.

top3
,top `gear highest gear (usu fourth), allowing the fastest speeds 最高挡（通常为第四挡）: If you try to start off in top gear you'll stall. 要是刚一发动就用最高挡, 那就会熄火. ,top `hat (also topper) man's tall black or grey hat, worn with formal dress （男用黑色或灰色的）高顶礼帽. =>illus at hat 见hat插图. ,top-`heavy adj too heavy at the top and therefore in danger of falling over 上部过重的; 头重脚轻的. `topknot n knot or tuft of hair, usu ornamented with ribbon, feathers, etc, worn or grown on top of the head, esp by women 顶髻, 顶部发束（尤指女子的）. `topmost[-mEust; -7most] adj [attrib 作定语] highest 最高的: * on the topmost shelf 在最高的架子上. ,top-`notch adj (infml 口) excellent; first-rate 最好的; 一流的: a ,top-notch `lawyer 最棒的律师. ,top-`ranking adj [attrib 作定语] of the highest rank or importance; leading 最高级的; 最重要的; 主要的. ,top `secret of the highest category of secrecy 最高机密的; 绝密的: a file of top secret information 一份绝密资料. `topside n [U] 1 (Brit) joint of beef cut from the upper part of the leg （割下的）牛大腿肉. 2 side of a ship above the water-line （船的）水上舷侧. `topsoil n [U] (layer of) soil near the surface 表土; 表土层. Cf 参看 subsoil. ,top `ten, ,top `twenty ten/twenty best-selling pop records 流行乐曲十[二十]大畅销唱片: She's a popular singer, but her records never make (ie get into) the top ten. 她是流行曲歌手, 但她的唱片从未打入十大畅销唱片之中.

topaz
[5tEupAz; 5topAz] n (a) [U] transparent yellow mineral 黄玉（矿物）. (b) [C] semi-precious gem cut from this 黄玉; 黄宝石.

topi
[5tEupi; - tEu'pi:; to'pi] n sun-helmet, esp one worn in tropical countries 遮阳帽（尤指在热带国家戴的）.

topiary
[5tEupiEri; - -ieri; 5topi7eri] n [U] art of clipping shrubs, etc into ornamental shapes such as birds and animals 树木整形术（将灌木等修剪成装饰形状, 如鸟、 兽等者）: * [attrib 作定语] topiary work 树木整形工作.

topic
[5tCpik; 5tapik] n subject of a discussion, talk, programme, written work, etc 论题; 话题; 题目: * a topic of conversation 交谈的话题 * Is drug abuse a suitable topic for a school debate? 把滥用麻醉药品问题当作学校辩论的题目是否合适? 派生： topical[-kl; -kl] adj of current interest or relevance 目前受到注意的; 与当前有关的: * a play full of topical allusions to well-known people 处处影射名人目前言行的一出戏. topicality[7tCpi'klEti; 7tapi'kAlEti] n [U]. topically[-kli; -kli] adv.

topography
[tE'pCgrEfi; tE'pagrEfi] n [U] (description of the) features of a place or district, esp the position of its rivers, mountains, roads, buildings, etc 地形; 地志; 地形学. > topographical[7tCpE'grfikl; 7tapE'grAfikl] adj: * a topographical map 地形图. topographically[-klI; -klI/ adv.

topper
[5tCpE(r); 5tapl] n (infml 口) = top hat (top1).

topping
1[5tCpiN; 5tapiN] n => top2.

topple
[5tCpl; 5tapl] v 1 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (over) be unsteady and fall 不稳而倒下: * The pile of books toppled over onto the floor. 那一摞书倒在地板上了. (b) [Tn,Tn.pr] cause (sth) to do this 使（某物）倒下: * The explosiontoppled the old chimney. 这次爆炸把那个旧烟囱给炸倒了. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] (fig 比喻) cause (sb/sth) to fall from power or authority; overthrow 将（某人[某事物]）推翻; 打倒: * a crisis which threatens to topple the government (from power) 使政府有垮台之虞的危机.

topsy
turvy

tor
[tC:(r); tCr] n small hill or rocky peak, esp in parts of SW England 小山, 突岩（尤指英格兰西南部的）.

torch
[tC:tF; tCrtF] n 1 (US `flashlight) small hand-held electric lamp powered by a battery 手电筒; 电棒.2 (US) = blowlamp (blow1). 3 piece of wood, esp one wrapped in cloth and soaked in oil, etc, which is lit and held in the hand to give light 火炬; 火把. 4 (idm 习语) carry a torch for sb => carry. 复合： `torchlight n [U] light of a torch or torches 手电筒的或火炬的光: put up the tent by torchlight 用手电筒照着搭帐篷 * [attrib 作定语] a torchlight procession, ie one in which burning torches are carried 持火炬游行.

tore
pt of tear2.

toreador
[5tCriEdC:(r); - 'tC:r-; 5tCriE7dCr] n (in Spain) bullfighter, esp one on horseback （西班牙）斗牛士（尤指骑马的）.

torment
[5tC:ment; 5tCrment] n (a) [U, C usu pl 作不可数名词或可数名词, 後者通常作复数] severe physical or mental suffering （肉体或精神上的）折磨, 痛苦: * be ingreat torment 备受折磨 * suffer torment(s) from toothache牙疼得难受. (b) [C] thing or person that causes this 造成痛苦的事物或人: * His shyness made public speaking a torment to him. 他很 腆, 当众讲话简直是受罪. * What a little torment that child is! ie because it is noisy, demanding, etc. 这孩子真烦人! 派生： torment/tC:'ment; tCr'ment] v [Tn] 1 cause severe suffering to (sb) 使（某人）备受折磨或痛苦: * tormented by hunger, anxiety, mosquitoes 饿得、 愁得、 蚊子咬得十分难受. 2 tease or annoy (sb) 戏弄或烦扰（某人）: * Stop tormenting your sister. 别再耍弄你姐姐了. * tormenting their teacher with silly questions 用愚蠢的问题烦扰老师. tormentor/tC:'mentE(r); tCr'mentl] n: * turn on (ie fight back against) one's tormentors 反抗折磨自己的人.

torn
pp of tear2.

tornado
[tC:'neidEu; tCr'nedo] n (pl ~es) violent and destructive storm over a small area; whirlwind 龙卷; 旋风: * The town was hit by a tornado. 那个城镇遭龙卷风袭击.

torpedo
[tC:'pi:dEu; tCr'pido] n (pl ~es) tube-shaped explosive underwater missile launched against ships by submarines, aircraft or surface ships 鱼雷. 派生： torpedo v (pt, pp torpedoed, pres p torpedoing)[Tn] 1 attack or sink (a ship) with a torpedo or torpedoes用鱼雷袭击或击沉（船）. 2 (fig 比喻) wreck or ruin (a policy, an event, an institution, etc) 破坏（政策、 事情、 制度等）: accused the union of torpedoing the negotiations 谴责工会破坏谈判. 复合： tor`pedo-boat n small fast warship armed with torpedoes 鱼雷快艇.

torpid
[5tC:pid; 5tCrpid] adj (fml 文) dull and slow; inactive; sluggish 迟钝的; 不活动的; 行动缓慢的. 派生： torpidity/tC:'pidEti; tCr'pidEti] n [U] (fml 文) torpid condition 迟钝; 呆滞; 迟缓. torpidly adv.

torpor
[5tC:pE(r); 5tCrpl] n [U] (fml 文) torpid condition迟钝; 呆滞; 迟缓: * a state of torpor induced by the tropical heat 热带的炎热气候引起的懒散.

torque
[tC:k; tCrk] n [U] twisting force causing rotation in machinery （使机器旋转的）扭转力.

torrent
[5tCrEnt; - 'tC:r-; 5tCrEnt] n 1 violently rushing stream of water, lava, etc （水、 熔岩等的）急流, 湍流: * mountain torrents 山洪 * torrents of rain 瓢泼大雨 * rainfalling in torrents 大雨滂沱. 2 (fig 比喻) violent outburst爆发; 迸发: * a torrent of abuse, insults, questions, etc 滔滔不绝的谩骂、 凌辱、 问题等. 派生： torrential/tE'renFl; tE'renFEl] adj like a torrent 似急流的: * torrential rain 暴雨.

torrid
[5tCrid; - 'tC:r-; 5tCrid] adj 1 (of a climate or country) very hot and dry （指气候或国家）炎热而乾燥的: * the `torrid zone, ie the part of the earth's surface between the tropics 热带. 2 passionate; erotic 热情的; 色情的; 引起性欲的: * torrid love-scenes 撩人情欲的爱情场面.

torsion
[5tC:Fn; 5tCrFEn] n [U] 1 twisting, esp of one end of sth while the other end is held fixed 扭转（尤指一端固定而扭转另一端）. 2 state of being twisted in a spiral 被旋转成的螺旋形.

torso
[5tC:sEu; 5tCrso] n (pl ~s) 1 main part of the human body, not including the head, arms and legs; trunk （人体的）躯干. 2 statue of this part of the body only （人体的）躯干雕塑像.

tort
[tC:t; tCrt] n (law 律) private or civil wrong (other than breach of contract) for which the wronged person may claim damages 侵权行为（受害者可要求获得损害赔偿）.

tortilla
[tC:'ti:jE; tCr'tijE] n round thin cake of maize flour, usu eaten hot with a filling of meat, etc, esp in Mexico 玉米粉圆饼（通常有肉馅, 热食, 尤指墨西哥的）.

tortoise
[5tC:tEs; 5tCrtEs] n slow-moving four-footed reptile with a hard shell 陆龟; 龟. 复合： `tortoiseshell[5tC:tEFel; 5tCrtE7Fel] n 1 [U] hard shell of certain turtles, esp the type with yellow and brown markings, used to make combs, etc 玳瑁壳: * [attrib 作定语] a hairbrush with a tortoiseshell back 背面镶玳瑁的发刷. 2 [C] cat with yellowish-brown markings 有黄棕色花纹的猫. 3 [C] type of butterfly with brownish markings 一种有棕色花纹的蝴蝶.

tortuous
[5tC:tFuEs; 5tCrtFuEs] adj 1 full of twists and turns 弯弯曲曲的: * followed a tortuous road down the mountainside 顺着蜿蜒的路下山. 2 (fig usu derog 比喻, 通常作贬义) (of a policy, etc) not straightforward; devious （指政策等）不直接阐明的, 含混不清的: * a tortuous argument 含糊其辞的论据 * tortuous logic 费解的逻辑. > tortuosity[7tC:tFu'CsEti; 7tCrtFu'asEti] [U]. tortuously adv.

torture
[5tC:tFE(r); 5tCrtFl] n [C, U] 1 (method of) deliberately inflicting severe pain, as a punishment or in order to force sb to say or do sth 刑法; 刑讯; 严刑逼迫: * barbaric tortures 野蛮的刑法 * the widespread use of torture 遍施酷刑 * She died under torture. 她受严刑拷打致死. * [attrib 作定语] torture instruments 刑具. 2 (fig 比喻) (instance of) great physical or mental suffering 对肉体或精神的折磨: * the tortures of suspense, fear, jealousy,etc 疑虑、 恐惧、 忌妒等的煎熬 * This tooth of mine is sheer torture! 我这颗牙真折磨人! 派生： torture v [Tn] 1 inflict severe pain on (sb) 使（某 人）极其痛苦; 折磨: accused the regime of torturing its political opponents 谴责该政权迫害政敌. 2 (fig 比喻) cause (sb) great physical or mental suffering 造成（某人）肉体或精神上的巨大痛苦: tortured by anxiety 受焦虑的煎熬. torturer[5tC:tFErE(r); 5tCrtFErl] n.

Tory
[5tC:ri; 5tCri] n, adj (member) of the British Conservative Party 英国保守党的（党员）: * the Tory Party conference 英国保守党会议 * Tory policies 英国保守党的政策. > Toryism n [U].

toss
[tCs; - tC:s; tCs] v 1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) throw sth lightly or carelessly or easily 扔; 抛; 掷: * He tossed the book down on the table. 他把书扔在桌子上. * toss sth aside/away/out 把某物丢在一边[丢开/丢掉] * They were tossing a ball about. 他们把球扔来扔去. * He tossed the beggar a coin/tossed a coin to the beggar. 他把一枚硬币扔给乞丐. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (of a bull, etc) throw (sb) up with the horns （指公牛等）以角挑起（某人）. 2 [Tn, Tn.p] jerk (one's head, etc), esp in contempt or indifference 猛然扭（头等）（尤指以示轻视或冷漠）. 3 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (cause sb/sth to) move restlessly from side to side or up and down （使某人[某物]）摇荡, 摇摆, 颠簸: * branches tossing in the wind 迎风摇摆的树枝 * I couldn't sleep, but kept tossing and turning/tossing about in bed all night. 我整夜在床上翻来复去睡不着. * The ship was tossed back and forth by the waves. 那船随波涛颠簸. 4 [Tn, Tn.pr] coat (food) by shaking or turning it in dressing, etc 将（食品）拌上调料等: * toss the salad in oil and vinegar 把油和醋拌入色拉. 5 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ (up) (sth); ~ (sb) for sth send (a coin) spinning up into the air in order to decide sth by chance, according to which side is uppermost when it falls 掷（硬币）作决定: * Have the two captains tossed yet (eg to decide which team will start the match)? 那两个队的队长掷硬币了吗（如决定哪队开球）? * Who's going to cook tonight? Let's toss up. 今晚谁做饭? 咱们掷硬币决定吧. * There's only one pillow I'll toss you for it. 只有一个枕头--我跟你掷硬币决定谁用吧. 6 (phr v) toss (oneself) off ( Brit sl 讳, 俚) masturbate 手淫. toss sth off (a) drink sth straight down 一饮而尽. (b) produce sth quickly and without much thought or effort 迅速而不费力地做成某事物:

toss1
* I can toss off my article for the local newspaper in half an hour. 我给本地的报纸写文章只用半小时就可一挥而就. 派生： toss n 1 tossing action or movement 扔; 抛; 掷; 摇荡; 颠簸: The decision depended on the toss of a coin.那项决定是靠掷硬币的方法做出的. * take a toss, ie be thrown from a horse 从马上摔下 * a contemptuous, disdainful, scornful, etc toss of the head 轻蔑地把头一扬. 2 (idm 习语) argue the toss => argue. not give a `toss (about sb/sth) (sl 俚) not care at all 毫不在乎. win/lose the `toss guess correctly/incorrectly when a coin is tossed up which way it will fall (esp to decide which team will start a match) 猜中[猜错]掷硬币的结果（尤指决定哪一队开球）. 复合： `toss-up n 1 act of tossing a coin 掷硬币. 2 (infml 口) even chance 机会相等: Both players are equally good so it's a toss-up (ie impossible to predict) who will win. 那两个运动员不相上下, 谁能取胜还很难说.

tot
1[tCt; tat] n 1 small child 幼儿: * a TV programme for tiny tots 为幼儿看的电视节目. 2 small glass of alcoholic drink, esp spirits 小杯的酒（尤指烈酒）.

total
[5tEutl; 5totl] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] complete; entire 完全的; 全部的: * total silence 寂静无声 * the total number of casualties 伤亡者总数 * live in total ignorance (of sth) 全然不知（某事） * That's total nonsense! 那是一派胡言! * The firm made a total profit of 200000. 该公司的利润总额达200000英镑. * total war, ie war waged with the full resources of a country 总体战 * a total eclipse of the sun/moon, ie one in which the sun/moon is completely obscured 日[月]全蚀 * a total waste of time 纯粹浪费时间. 派生： total n 1 total number or amount 总数; 总额: What does the total come to? 总数是多少? * England scored a total of 436 runs. 英格兰板球队获总分436分. 2 (idm 习语) in `total altogether 总共: That will cost you 7.50 in total. 你总共要花7.50英镑. total v (-ll-; US also -l-) [Tn] 1 count the total of (sb/sth) 计算（人[事物]）的总和: The takings haven't been totalled yet. 总营业额还未算出. 2 amount to (sth) 总数达（若干）: He has debts totalling more than 200. 他负债总数超过200英镑. 3 (US sl 俚) wreck (esp a car) completely; destroy 彻底毁坏（尤指汽车）; 毁灭. totality/tEu'talEti; to'tAlEti] n 1 [U] state of being total 整个; 全部; 全体. 2 [C] total number or amount 总数; 总额. totally[5tEutEli; 5totli] adv completely; utterly 完全; 全部地; 整个地: * totally blind 全盲的 * I'm afraid I totally forgot about it. 很抱歉, 我把这件事忘得乾乾净净了.

totalitarian
[7tEutali'teEriEn; to7tAlE'teriEn] adj of a system of government in which there is only one political party and no rival parties or loyalties are allowed, usu demanding that the individual submit totally to the requirements of the State 极权主义的. > totalitarianism[-izEm; -7izEm] n [U].

totalizator, totalisator
[5tEutElaizeitE(r); - -liz-; 5totlE7zetl] (also infml 口语作 tote) n (fml 文) device automatically registering the bets staked on horses, etc, so that the total amount can be divided among those who bet on the winner （赛马等的）赌金计算器.

tote
1[tEut; tot] n (infml 口) = totalizator: * betting on the tote 通过赌金计算器下赌注.

totem
[5tEutEm; 5totEm] n (image of a) natural object, esp an animal, considered by N American Indians as the emblem of a clan or family 图腾; 图腾形象. 复合： `totem-pole n tall wooden pole carved or painted with a series of totems 图腾柱.

totter
[5tCtE(r); 5tatl] v [I, Ipr, Ip] 1 walk or move unsteadily; stagger 走得或动得不稳; 踉跄; 蹒跚: * The child tottered across the room. 那孩子跌跌撞撞走到房间那一边. * She tottered to her feet. 她摇晃着站起来. 2 rockor shake as if about to fall 摇摇欲坠: * The tall chimney tottered (to and fro) and then collapsed. 那座高烟囱摇摇晃晃地倒了下来. > tottery[5tCtEri; 5tatEri] adj: * feel faint and tottery 觉得头晕脚步不稳.

toucan
[5tu:kAn, -kEn; - also tu'ka:n; 5tukAn, tu'kan] n tropical American bird with brightly coloured feathers and a very large beak 妥鸟空鸟（产於美洲热带地区的鸟, 羽色鲜明, 喙极大）.

touch
1[tQtF; tQtF] v 1 [I, Tn] be or come together with (sth else) so that there is no space between 触, 接触, 触及（他物）: * The two wires were touching. 那两条金属线搭在一起了. * One of the branches was just touching thewater. 有一个树枝刚碰着水面. * The two properties touch (each other), ie share a boundary. 这两块地产相毗邻. 2 [Tn] press or strike (sth/sb) lightly, esp with the hand 轻触, 轻碰（某物[某人]）（尤指用手碰）: * Don't touch that dish it's very hot! 别摸那个盘子--烫极了! * Can you touch the top of the door (ie reach it with your hand)? 你够得着门的上边吗? * He touched me on the arm, eg to attract my attention. 他碰碰我胳膊（如让我注意）. * Don't let your coat touch the wall the paint's still wet. 你的大衣别蹭着墙--涂料还没乾呢. 3 [Tn] move or interfere with (sb/sth); harm 移动, 妨碍（某人[某物]）; 损坏: * I told you not to touch my things! 我告诉过你, 别动我的东西! * The valuable paintings were not touched by the fire. 那场火并未波及这些名画. * What he did was perfectly legal the police can't touch (ie arrest) him for it. 他做的事完全合法, 警方不能碰他.4 [Tn] (usu in negative sentences 通常用於否定句) eat or drink even a little of (sth) 仅吃或喝少量（某物）: * You've hardly touched your steak. 这块牛排你没怎麽动啊. 5 [Tn, Tn.pr] (a) ~ sb/sth (with sth) make (sb/sb's feelings) sympathetic or sad 感动（某人）; 触动（某人[某人的感情]）; 使（某人）怜悯或悲哀: * Her tragic story touched us all deeply/touched our hearts with sorrow. 她的经历很悲惨, 我们都深受感动[我们都很伤心]. * He never seems to have been touched with the slightest remorse for his crimes. 他似乎从来没有丝毫悔罪之意. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (on sth) cause (sb/sb's feelings) to be hurt or offended 伤害（某人[某人的感情]）; 触犯（某人）: * Her sarcasm touched his self-esteem. 她讥讽的言语伤了他的自尊心.

touch1
* You've touched me on a tender spot, ie mentioned sth I find painful or unpleasant. 你触到了我的痛处（提及使我痛苦或不快的事）. 6 [Tn] (usu in negative sentences 通常用於否定句) be associated or connected with (sth) 与（某事）有联系或有关系: * Your objections do not touch the point at issue. 你提的反对意见与问题的实质无关. * I wouldn't touch anything illegal. 我与违法的事沾不上边儿. * Shenever touches (ie drinks) alcohol. 她向来滴酒不沾. 7 [Tn](usu in negative sentences 通常用於否定句) equal (sb/sth) in excellence; rival 与（某人[某事物]）媲美或匹敌; 抵得上: * No one can touch him (ie He is the best) as a comedian/in comedy. 他这个喜剧演员[演喜剧]没人能比得上. * There's nothing to touch mountain air for giving you an appetite. 再也没有比山间清新的空气更能促进食欲的了. 8 [Tn] reach (a certain level, etc) 达到（某一水平等）: * The speedometer was touching 120 mph. 速度计显示时速达120英里. * After touching 143, the price (ie of shares on the stock-market) fell back to 108 by the close of trading. 股票价格攀上143点後, 收市时回落到108点. * touch the depths of despair 达到绝望的深渊.9 (idm 习语) hit/touch a nerve => nerve. not touch sb/sth with a `barge-pole (Brit infml 口) not wish to have or be associated with sb/sth 但愿从未或决不与某人[某事物]有任何关系: * I don't know why she's marrying that appalling man; I wouldn't touch him with a barge-pole. 我不明白她为什麽要嫁给那个糟糕透顶的人, 我连理都不愿意理他. touch `bottom (a) reach and touch the ground at the bottom of a body of water 触到水底: * The ship has touched bottom the estuary must be shallower than we thought. 船搁浅了--这河口的水比我们想像的要浅. (b) (fig 比喻) reach the worst possible state or condition 达到最坏的境况: * When he was forced to beg from his friends he felt he had touched bottom and could sink no lower. 等到他被迫向朋友乞讨时, 他觉得自己的境况已糟到无以复加的地步了. touch sb on the `raw hurt sb's feelings by mentioning sth about which he is sensitive 触某人的痛处（提及某人敏感的事而伤害某人的感情）; 揭某人的疮疤. touch the right `chord appeal cleverly to sb's feelings 巧妙地触动某人的感情. touch `wood

touch2
(catchphrase 警语) (expression used, often while touching sth made of wood,in the superstitious or humorous hope of avoiding bad luck 迷信的或诙谐的避邪用语, 常边说此语边触木制物品): * I've been driving for 20 years and never had an accident touch wood! 我开车开了20年从来没出过车祸--摸摸木头避邪! 10 (phr v) touch at sth (no passive 不用於被动语态) (of a ship) stop for a period at (a place); call at sth （指船）在（某地）停一段时间, 停於某处: * Our ship touched at Naples. 我们的船曾在那不勒斯停靠. touch down (a) (of an aircraft) land （指飞行器）着陆, 接地. (b) (in Rugby) score a try by putting the ball on the ground behind the other team's goal line （英式橄榄球）底线得分, 触地球（在对方球门线後以球触地）. touch sb for sth (sl 俚) get sb to give one money (as a loan or by begging) 让某人给些钱（或借或讨）: * Hetried to touch me for a fiver. 他想让我给他五英镑. touchsth off (a) cause sth to explode or catch fire 使某物爆炸或着火. (b) (fig 比喻) cause sth to start 触发或引起某事: * His arrest touched off a riot. 他被捕後引起了骚乱. touch on/upon sth mention or deal with (a subject) briefly 提及或涉及（某问题）: * The matter was hardly touched on. 那件事几乎没涉及到. touch sb up (sl 俚) touch sb in a sexually improper or suggestive way （猥亵地或为挑逗性欲）触摸某人. touch sth up improve sth by making small changes 稍作修改以改进某事物: * I'm going to touch up those scratches with a bit of paint. 我要用点儿颜料修补那些划痕. 复合： `touchdown n 1 (of an aircraft) landing （指飞行器）着陆, 接地. 2 (in American football) score made by taking the ball across the other team's goal line （美式橄榄球）持球触地（持球越对方门线得分）.

touche
[5tu:Fei; - tu:'Fei; tu'Fe] interj (expression used to acknowledge that one's opponent has made a good or effective point in an argument, a discussion, etc 在辩论、 讨论等中用以承认对方言之成理的词语).

touched
[tQtFt; tQtFt] adj [pred 作表语] 1 made to feel warm sympathy or gratitude 受感动; 感激: * I was very touched by/to receive your kind letter. 我收到你的来信, 十分感激. 2 (infml 口) slightly mad 精神有些失常; 轻微疯癫.

touching
[5tQtFiN; 5tQtFiN] adj arousing pity or sympathy 引起怜悯或同情的: * a touching sight, story, scene 使人产生恻隐之心的情景、 经历、 场面 * (ironic 反语) She showed a touching (ie perhaps mistaken) faith in her own invincibility. 她坚信自己无往不利, 这念头未免太可怜了. 派生： touching prep (fml 文) having an effect on (sth); concerning 对（某事物）有影响; 关於: measures touching our interests 关系到我们的利益的措施. touchingly adv.

touchy
[5tQtFi; 5tQtFi] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 easily offended 易生气的: * Don't be so touchy! 别动不动就生气! 2 (of asubject, situation, etc) requiring careful handling becauseof potential controversy or offence （指问题、 情况等）需小心处理的（因可能引起争议或不悦）: * Racism remains a touchy issue. 种族主义可是个要小心处理的问题. > touchily[-ili; -ili] adv. touchiness n [U].

tough
[tQf; tQf] adj (-er, -est) 1 not easily cut, broken, or worn out 坚韧的; 不易切开、 打破或磨损的: * as tough as leather 坚韧如皮革 * Tough glass is needed for windscreens. 挡风玻璃需要用不易碎的玻璃. * a tough pair of walking boots 一双结实的步行靴. 2 able to endure hardship; not easily defeated or injured 能耐劳苦的; 不易击败的; 不易伤害的: * You need to be tough to survive in the jungle. 要在丛林中活下来就要有坚忍不拔的意志. * Coal-miners are a tough breed. 煤矿工人都是能吃苦耐劳的. 3 (esp US) rough; violent 粗暴的; 凶恶的: * one of the toughest areas of the city 该市治安最坏的一个地区. * a tough criminal 凶暴的罪犯. 4 (derog 贬) (of meat) hard to cut or chew （指肉）切不动的, 咬不动的, 硬的, 老的: * a tough steak 咬不动的牛排. 5 severe; unyielding 严厉的; 不屈的; 强硬的: * tough measures to deal with terrorism 对付恐怖主义的严厉措施 * take a tough line with offenders 对犯罪分子采取强硬方针.6 difficult 困难的: * It's tough finding a job these days. 近来很难找到工作. * a tough game, assignment, problem, journey 艰苦的比赛、 困难的任务、 难题、 艰辛的旅程. 7 ~ (on sb) (infml 口) unfortunate 不幸的; 倒霉的: * That's tough! ie Bad luck! 真倒霉! * It's rather tough on him falling ill just as he's about to go on holiday. 他正要去度假却生病了, 真倒霉. * Oh, tough luck! 嗨, 真不走运! 8 (idm 习语) be/get tough (with sb) adopt a firm attitude; take severe measures 采取坚决态度; 采用强硬手段: * It's time to get tough with football hooligans. 现在该对足球迷小流氓采取强硬措施了. * [attrib 作定语] a get-tough policy 强硬的方针. a hard/tough nut => nut. (as) tough as old `boots (infml 口) (esp of meat) very tough; difficult to chew （尤指肉）很硬的, 很老的, 咬不动的. a ,tough `customer (infml 口) personwho is difficult to control, overcome, satisfy, etc 难对付的人.

tough1
派生： tough (also toughie[5tQfi; 5tQfi] ) n (infml 口) rough and violent person 粗暴的人: * a gang of young toughs 一帮年轻的恶棍. tough v (phr v) tough sth out (infml 口) endure (a difficult situation) with determination 坚决忍受着（困难的情况）. toughen[5tQfn; 5tQfn] v [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (sth/sb) (up) (cause sth/sb to) become tough or tougher （使某事物[某人]）（更）坚韧, 坚强, 强硬: * The law needs toughening (up). 需要加强法制的威力. * toughened glass 钢化玻璃. toughness n [U].

toupee
[5tu:pei; - tu:'pei; tu'pe] n patch of false hair worn to cover a bald spot; small wig （遮掩秃斑的）小撮假发; 小型假发.

tour
[ tUE(r); also, in British use, 英式英语读作 tR:(r); tJr] n 1 journey for pleasure during which various places of interest are visited 旅行; 旅游: * a round-the-world tour 环球旅行 * a coach tour of (ie around) France 乘长途汽车周游法国 * a cycling/walking tour 骑自行车[徒步]旅游 * [attrib 作定语] tour operators 旅行社经营者. 2 briefvisit to or through a place 参观; 游览: * go on/make/do a tour of the palace, museum, ruins, etc 参观宫殿、 博物馆、 废墟等 * a conducted/guided tour, ie made by agroup led by a guide 有导游的旅行. =>Usage at journey用法见journey. 3 official series of visits for the purposeof playing matches, giving performances, etc 巡回比赛、 演出等: * the Australian cricket team's forthcoming tour of England 澳大利亚板球队即将来英国进行的巡回比赛* The orchestra is currently on tour in Germany. 该管弦乐团目前正在德国巡回演出. * The Director leaves tomorrow for a tour of overseas branches, ie to inspect them. 董事长明天动身去视察海外分支机构. 4 period of duty abroad 海外任职期间: * a tour of three years as a lecturer in Nigeria 在尼日利亚当讲师的叁年任期. 派生： tour v [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (in sth) make a tour of or in (a place) 在（某地）旅行、 旅游或巡回: They're touring (in) India. 他们正在印度游历. * The play will tour the provincesnext month. 该剧将於下月在各地巡回演出. tourism/ 5tUErIzEm; also, in British use, 英式英语读作5tR:r-; `tJr9IzEm] n [U] business of providing accommodationand services for tourists 旅游业: * The country's economy is dependent on tourism. 该国经济依赖於旅游业. tourist/ 5tUerIst; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 tR:r-; `tJrIst] n 1 person who is travelling or visiting a place for pleasure 旅行者; 旅游者; 观光客: * London is full of tourists in the summer. 在夏季伦敦有很多游客.

tour1
* [attrib 作定语] a `tourist agency 旅行社. 2tournament /// [5tC:nEmEnt; - 'tE:rn-; 5tEnEmEnt] n 1series of contests of skill between a number of competitors,often on a knock-out basis 联赛, 比赛, 竞赛, 锦标赛（常为淘汰制）: * a tennis, chess, snooker, etc tournament 网球、 国际象棋、 落袋台球等比赛. =>Usage at sport 用法见sport. 2 (formerly) contest between knights on horseback armed with blunted weapons, esp lances （旧时）武士骑马比武（用钝武器, 尤指长矛）.

tourniquet
[5tuEnikei; - 'tE:rnikEt; 5tEni7kEt] n device for stopping the flow of blood through an artery by twisting sth tightly around a limb 止血带; 压脉器: * applying a tourniquet to the wounded man's arm 给受伤者的臂上扎止血带.

tousle
[5tauzl; 5tauzl] v [Tn] make (hair, etc) untidy by pulling or rubbing it about 弄乱（头发等）: * a girl with tousled hair 头发蓬乱的女孩儿.

tout
[taut; taut] v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (for sth) try to get people to buy (one's goods or services), esp in an annoyingly insistent way 兜售（货物）; 招揽（生意）: * touting for custom 招揽生意 * touting one's wares 兜售商品. 2 [Tn] (Brit) sell (tickets to sports events, concerts, etc) at a price higher than the official one 卖高价票（体育比赛、 音乐会等的）; 卖黑市票. 派生： tout n person who touts things 兜售者; 招揽生意的人; 卖高价票的人: a `ticket tout 票贩子.

tow
1[tEu; to] v [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] pull (sth) along with a rope, chain, etc （用绳、 链等）拖, 拉, 拽, 曳（某物）: * tow a damaged ship into port 把损坏的船拖进港 * If you park your car here the police may tow it away. 你要是把汽车停在这里, 警察就会把它拖走. =>Usage at pull2 用法见pull2. 派生： tow n 1 (esp sing 尤作单数) act of towing sth 拖; 拉; 拽; 曳: My car won't start can you give me a tow? 我的汽车发动不起来了--你能帮我拖一下吗? 2 (idm 习语) in tow (a) (infml 口) accompanying or following behind 伴随; 跟随: He had his family in tow, ie with him. 他拖家带口. (b) = on tow: The damaged freighter was taken in tow. 那损坏的货轮被拖着走. on tow being towed 被拖、 拉、 拽或曳: The lorry was on tow. 那货车被拖着走. 复合： `tow-bar n bar fitted to the back of a car for towing a caravan, etc （用以牵引拖车等的）牵引 . `tow-line, `tow-rope ns line or rope used for towing 拖索; 拖缆; 纤绳. `tow-path n path along the bank of a river or canal, formerly used by horses towing barges, etc 纤道, 纤路（沿河岸的道路, 旧时马拖船走的）.

towards
[tE'wC:dz; - tC:rdz; tCrdz] (also toward/ tE5wR:d; US tR:rd; tRrd/) prep 1 in the direction of (sb/sth) 向, 朝, 对着（某人[某事物]）的方向: * walk towards the river 朝着河走去 * look out towards the sea 向外面的大海看 * The child came running towards me. 那孩子向我跑来. * She turned her back towards the sun. 她转过身背对着太阳. 2 moving closer to achieving (sth) 趋於达成（某事）: * The meeting is seen as the first step towards greater unity between the parties. 这一会议可视为两党走向进一步联合的第一步. * We have made some progress towards reaching an agreement. 我们在达成协议方面已取得些进展. 3 in relation to (sb/sth) 对於或关於（某人[某事]）: * The local people are always very friendly towardstourists. 当地人对游客一向十分热情. * He behaved very affectionately towards her children. 他非常疼爱她的孩子. * As you get older your attitude towards death changes. 人随着年龄的增长, 对死亡的看法也会有所改变. 4 with the aim of acquiring or contributing to (sth) 为得到或用於（某物）: * The money will go towards (the cost of) building a new school. 此款项将用於建设新学校（的开销）. * 30 a month goes towards a pension fund. 每月交30英镑用作退职基金. 5 near (a point in time) 接近（某一时间）: * Food shortages will probably get worse towards the end of the century. 食物短缺的情况到本世纪末可能更加严重. * Now he's getting towards retirement age he's started playing golf. 他因接近退休年龄, 就打起高尔夫球来了.

towel
[5tauEl; 5tauEl] n 1 piece of absorbent cloth or paper for drying oneself or wiping things dry 毛巾; 手巾; 抹布; 纸巾: * a `hand-/`bath-towel 手[浴]巾 * a paper `towel 纸巾. 2 (idm 习语) throw in the `towel (infml 口) admit that one is defeated 承认失败; 认输. Cf 参看 throw up the sponge (sponge). 派生： towel v (-ll-; US -l-) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ oneself/sb (down) (with sth) dry oneself/sb with a towel 用毛巾擦乾自己[某人]. towelling (US toweling) n [U] thick soft absorbent cloth (of a type) used for making towels 毛巾布. 复合： `towel-rail n rail for hanging towels on 毛巾架.

tower
[5tauE(r); 5taul] n 1 tall narrow structure, usu square or circular, either standing alone (eg as a fort) or forming part of a church or a castle or some other large building 塔: * the Tower of London 伦敦塔 * the church's bell tower 教堂的钟楼. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page viii. 2 (idm 习语) an ivory tower => ivory. 3 a ,tower of `strength person who can be relied upon for protection, strength or comfort in time of trouble （危难时）可依赖的人, 靠山. 派生： tower v (phr v) tower above/over sb/sth 1 be of much greater height than others nearby 远高於周围的人或物: the skyscrapers that tower over New York 高耸於纽约市的摩天大楼 * At six feet, he towers over his mother.他身高六英尺, 比他母亲高得多. 2 (fig 比喻) greatly surpass others in ability, quality, fame, etc （在能力、 品德、 名声等方面）远超过他人: Shakespeare towers above all other Elizabethan dramatists. 莎士比亚远超过伊丽莎白时代所有的剧作家. towering[5tauEriN; 5tauEriN] adj [attrib 作定语] 1 extremely or impressively tall or high 极高的; 高大的: * the towering dome of the cathedral 大教堂高大的圆顶. 2 (of rage, etc) intense; extreme （指发怒等）强烈的, 极度的. 3 (approv 褒) outstanding 杰出的: * Einstein, one of the towering intellects of the age 爱因斯坦, 一位当世俊彦. 复合： `tower block (Brit) very tall block of flats or offices 高层建 ; 公寓大楼; 办公大楼.

town
[taun; taun] n 1 (a) [C] centre of population that is larger than a village but smaller than a city 镇; 集镇; 市镇: * drove through several large industrial towns 开车穿过几座大的工业市镇 * the historic town of Cambridge 历史名城剑桥. (b) [CGp] its inhabitants 城镇居民: * The whole town turned out to welcome the team home. 镇上居民全体出动迎接该队归来. 2 [U] towns or cities, esp as contrasted with the country 镇, 城市（尤与乡村相对）: * Do you live in town or in the country? 你住在城里还是住在乡下? * [attrib 作定语] town life 城市生活. 3 [U] (preceded by a prep and without the or a 用於介词之後, 不加冠词the或a) (a) main business and commercial area of a neighbourhood （一地区的）商业区: * I'm going into town this morning do you want me to get you anything? 我今天上午要到商业区去--你想让我给你捎什麽东西来吗? (b) chief town or city of an area; (in England) London （一地区的主要的）镇或城市; （在英格兰指）伦敦: * Mr Green is not in town/is out of town. 格林先生不在城里. * He went up to town this morning. 他今天早晨进城了. * She's spending the weekend in town. 她正在伦敦度周末. 4 (idm 习语) go to `town (on sth) (infml 口) do sth with great vigour or enthusiasm, esp by spending a lot of money 以极大的精力或热情做某事（尤指花很多钱）: * When they give parties they really go to town. 他们每次搞聚会都不惜钱财. * The critics really went to town on his latest film, ie discussed it at length, esp unfavourably. 影评界把他最新的电影数落个够. a man about town => man. (out) on the `townvisiting places of entertainment (eg night-clubs, theatres) in a town or city, esp at night 去城里的娱乐场所（如夜总会、 剧院）（尤指夜间）: * For a birthday treat they took him out on the town. 他们为庆贺他的生日请他去城里娱乐场所玩. paint the town red => paint2.

town1
复合： ,town `centre (esp Brit) main business and commercialarea of a town 镇上的主要商业区. Cf 参看 downtown. ,town `clerk official in charge of the records of a town or city 镇执事, 镇书记（掌管案卷者）. ,town `council (Brit) governing body of a town 镇政务会. ,town `councillor member of this 镇政务会委员. ,town `crier (esp formerly) person employed to make official announcements in public places （尤指旧时）街头公告员（受雇在公共场所宣读公告的人）. ,town `hall building containing local government officesand usu a hall for public meetings, concerts, etc 镇公所; 市政厅; 市镇集会所. `town house 1 house in town owned by sb who also has one in the country （兼有城乡住宅者的）市内住宅. 2 modern house built as part of a planned group or row of houses （规画住宅群中的）新式住宅. ,town `planning control of the growth and developmentof a town, its buildings, roads, etc, esp by a local authority市镇规画. `townsfolk, `townspeople ns [pl] people of a town 镇民. `townsman[-mEn; -mEn] n (pl -men) man who lives in a town 住在镇里的人.

townee
[tau'ni:; tau'ni] (also townie, towny[5tauni;'tauni] ) n (derog 贬) person who lives in a town or city and is ignorant of country life （不了解乡村生活的）城里人.

township
[5taunFip; 5taunFip] n 1 (community living in a) small town 小镇（的居民）. 2 (in S Africa) town or suburb designated for use by non-whites （南非）有色人种居住的镇或郊区. 3 (in US, Canada) division of a county; district six miles square （美国、 加拿大的）镇区, 六平方英里的地区.

toxaemia
(also toxemia)[tCk'si:miE; taks'imiE] n [U] (medical 医) = blood-poisoning (blood1).

toxic
[5tCksik; 5taksik] adj poisonous 有毒的: * toxic drugs 毒药 * the toxic effects of alcohol 酒精的毒性. 派生： toxicity/tCk'sisEti; taks'isEti] n [U] quality or degree of being toxic 毒性; 毒力: * the comparative toxicity of different insecticides 不同杀虫剂的相对的毒性. toxicology[7tCksi'kClEdVi; 7taksi'kalEdVi] n scientific study of poisons 毒理学; 毒物学. toxicologist[-dVist; -dVist] n student of or expert in toxicology 研究毒理或毒物的人; 毒理或毒物学家.

toxin
[5tCksin; 5taksin] n poisonous substance, esp one formed by bacteria in plants and animals and causing a particular disease 毒素（尤指细菌导致动植物疾病的）.

toy
[tCi; tCi] n 1 thing to play with, esp for a child 玩具（尤指儿童的）. 2 (usu derog 通常作贬义) thing intended for amusement rather than for serious use 为玩耍的而并非为使用的东西: * His latest toy is a personal computer. 他的最新玩物是个人计算机. * executive toys 行政人员的小玩物. 派生： toy adj [attrib 作定语] 1 made in imitation of the specified thing and used for playing with 作玩具的: a toy car, gun, telephone 玩具汽车、 枪、 电话 * toy (ie model) soldiers 玩具士兵. 2 (of a dog) of a small breed or variety, kept as a pet （指狗）体型小的（作宠物的）: a toy spaniel 西班牙种的小猎鸡狗. toy v (phr v) toy with sth 1 consider sth idly or without serious intent 漫不经心地考虑某事: I've been toying with the idea of moving abroad. 我一直胡乱想着移居国外好不好. 2 handle or move sth carelessly or absent-mindedly 粗心地或心不在焉地摆弄或移动某物: toying with a pencil 摆弄着铅笔 * She was just toying with her food, as if she wasn't really hungry. 她把饭拨弄着玩儿, 好像并不饿. 复合： `toyshop n shop where toys are sold 玩具店.

trace
1[treis; tres] n 1 [C, U] mark, track, sign, etc showing what has existed or happened 踪迹; 痕迹; 形迹: * traces of prehistoric habitation 史前居民的遗迹 * The police have been unable to find any trace of the gang. 警方一直未能找到那团伙的任何踪迹. * We've lost all trace of him, ie We no longer know where he is. 我们现在不知道他的下落了. * The ship had vanished without trace. 那船消失得无影无踪. 2 [C] very small amount 极微的量: * The post-mortem revealed traces of poison in his stomach. 验 发现他胃中有微量毒物. * He spoke without a trace of emotion. 他说话时毫不动感情. 复合： `trace element substance occurring or needed only in extremely small amounts (esp in the soil, for the proper growth of plants) 微量元素, 痕量元素（尤指土壤中的, 植物正常生长所需要的）.

tracery
[5treisEri; 5tresEri] n [U, C] 1 ornamental patternof stonework in a church window, etc （教堂窗户等上的）石制花饰. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page viii. 2 decorative pattern resembling this 类似石制花饰的图案: * the delicate traceries of frost on the window-pane 结在窗户玻璃上的精美的霜花.

trachea
[trE'kiE; - 'treikiE; 5trekiE] n (pl 复数作 ~s or, in scientific use, 科技用语复数作 ~e[-kii:; -'kii] )(anatomy 解) windpipe 气管. =>illus at respire 见respire插图.

tracheotomy
[7trki'CtEmi; 7treki'atEmi] n (medical 医) operation to cut a hole in the trachea, esp to help breathing 气管切开术.

trachoma
[trE'kEumE; trE'komE] n [U] (medical 医) contagious disease of the eye causing inflammation of the inner surface of the eyelids 沙眼.

track
[trAk; trAk] n 1 (usu pl 通常作复数) line or series of marks left by a moving vehicle, person, animal, etc （车辆、 人、 动物等行走时留下的）踪迹, 足迹, 痕迹: * `tyre tracks in the mud 泥地上的车胎印 * We followed his tracks through the snow. 我们循着雪地上他留下的脚印走. * fresh `bear tracks 熊的新足迹. 2 course taken by sth/sb (whether it can be seen or not) 某事物的进程; 某事物[某人]的路径或路线: * the track of a storm, comet, satellite 风暴、 彗星、 卫星的路线 * following in the track of earlier explorers 沿着先前探险者的路径前进. 3 path or rough road, esp one made by vehicles, people oranimals 路, 小径（尤指车辆、 人或动物造成的）: * a muddytrack through the forest 穿过森林的泥泞小路 * `sheep tracks across the moor 羊群踏出的穿越高沼地的小径.4 (a) set of rails for trains （火车的）轨道: * a single/doubletrack, ie one pair/two pairs of rails 单[双]轨 * The train left the track, ie was derailed. 火车出轨了. (b) (US) railway platform （火车站的）站台: * The train for Chicago is on track 9. 开往芝加哥的列车停靠在第9站台.5 prepared course or circuit for racing （比赛用的）跑道: * a`cycling/`running/`greyhound/`motor-racing track 自行车赛[赛跑/赛狗/汽车赛]的跑道 * [attrib 作定语] `trackracing 径赛. =>Usage at path 用法见path. 6 (a) sectionof a gramophone record 唱片的一段录音: * Her new album has two great tracks (eg songs) on it. 她的新唱片集里有两段（如歌曲）特别棒. (b) channel of a recordingtape （录音磁带上的）声道: * [attrib 作定语] a sixteen-tracktape recorder 十六声道录音机. (c) (computing 计) section of a disk, etc in which information is stored （磁盘等的）道（储存信息用的）. 7 continuous belt round the wheels of a bulldozer, tank, etc, on which it moves （推土机、 坦克等的）履带. 8 rail along which sth

track1
(eg a curtain or a cupboard door) is moved （物件, 如 幕、 橱门等的）滑道, 滑轨. 9 (idm 习语) cover one's tracks => cover1. from/on the wrong side of the tracks => wrong. hot on sb's tracks/trail => hot. in one's `tracks (infml 口) where one is; suddenly 就地; 当场; 突然: * He fell dead in his tracks. 他当场死去. * Your question stopped him in his tracks, ie disconcerted him. 你提的问题让他当场下不来台. jump the rails/track => jump2. keep/lose track of sb/sth keep/fail to keep informed about sb/sth 与某人[某事]保持[失去]联系: * It's hard to keep track of (ie maintain contact with) all one's old school friends. 与中学时的所有老校友都保持联系是很困难的. * lose track of time, ie forget what time it is 说不准现在的确切时间. make `tracks (for...) (infml 口) leave (for a place) 离去（向某地）: * It's time we made tracks (for home). 我们该（家）走了. off the beaten track => beat1. on the right/wrong `track thinking or acting in a correct/incorrect way 想法或做法对[不对]: * We haven't found the solution yet, but I'm sure we're on the right track. 我们还没有找到解决办法, 但我肯定我们的思路是对的. on sb's track pursuing sb 追踪某人: * The police are on the track of the gang. 警方正在追踪那帮团伙. 派生： track v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (to sth) follow the track of sb/sth 追踪某人[某物]: track a satellite, missile, etc using radar 用雷达追踪卫星、 导弹等 * The police tracked the terrorists to their hide-out. 警方追踪恐怖分子至其藏匿处. * track an animal to its lair 追踪一动物至其窝穴. 2 [I, Ipr, Ip] (cinema 影) (of a camera) move along while filming （指摄影机）移动摄影: a tracking shot 跟踪摄影. 3 (phr v) track sb/sth down findsb/sth by searching 经追踪或搜索而发现某人[某物]: track down an animal (to its lair) 追踪（至窝穴）发现一动物

track2
* I finally tracked down the reference in a dictionary of quotations. 我终於在引语词典中查到了那段引文. tracker n person who tracks wild animals, etc 追踪野兽等的人. `tracker dog dog used for tracking criminals, etc 用以追踪犯罪分子等的犬. tracked adj having tracks (track7) 有履带的: tracked vehicles 履带车. 复合： ,track and `field (esp US) sports performed on a track or on a field, usu one surrounded by a track; athletics 田径运动; 体育运动（尤指跑和跳）. `track events (sport 体) athletic events involving the running of races (eg sprinting, hurdles, steeplechase) 径赛项目（如短跑、 跨栏、 障碍赛跑）. Cf 参看 field events (field1). `tracking station place from which the movements of satellites, missiles, etc are tracked by radar or radio （用雷达或无线电追踪卫星、 导弹等的）跟踪站. `track record past achievements of a person, anorganization, etc （个人、 组织等）过去的成绩或成就: Hehas an excellent track record (ie has been very successful) as a salesman. 他当推销员一向十分出色. * a company with a poor track record 一向无效益的公司. `track suit warm loose-fitting trousers and jacket worn for athletic practice, as casual clothes, etc （运动练习时或作便服穿的）宽松而暖的衣裤.

tract
1[trAkt; trAkt] n 1 large stretch or area of land 大片土地; 地带: * huge tracts of forest, desert, farmland, etc 大片森林、 沙漠、 耕地等. 2 (anatomy 解) system of connected tube-like parts along which sth passes 道; 束:the di`gestive/re`spiratory/`urinary tract 消化[呼吸/尿]道.

tractable
[5trAktEbl; 5trAktEbl] adj (fml 文) easily guided, handled or controlled; docile 易於引导的; 易处理的; 易驾御的; 温顺的. > tractability[7trktE'bilEti;7trAktE'bilEti] n [U].

traction
[5trAkFn; 5trAkFEn] n [U] 1 (power used in) pulling sth along a surface （在物体平面上的）牵引, 拖拉, 牵引力, 拉力: * electric/steam traction 电力[蒸汽]牵引. 2 (medical 医) treatment involving a continuous pull on a limb, etc （对肢体等的）牵引: * She's injured her back and is in traction for a month. 她背部受伤, 正在作一个月的牵引治疗. 3 ability of a tyre or wheel to grip the ground without sliding （轮胎或车轮对地面的）附着摩擦力: * Winter tyres give increased traction in mud or snow. 使用冬季专用车胎在泥地或雪地上可增加附着摩擦力. 复合： `traction-engine n vehicle, powered by steam or diesel, formerly used for pulling heavy loads （以蒸汽或柴油为动力的）牵引车（旧时用以拖重物的）.

tractor
[5trAktE(r); 5trAktl] n 1 powerful motor vehicleused for pulling farm machinery or other heavy equipment拖拉机; 牵引机. =>illus at plough 见plough插图.2 (US) part of a tractor-trailer in which the driver sits （铰接车的）驾驶室. 复合： `tractor-trailer n (US) = articulated lorry (articulate 2).

trad
[trAd; trAd] n [U] (infml 口) traditional jazz (ie in the style of the 1920's, with fixed rhythms and harmonies and much improvisation) 传统爵士乐（二十年代风格的, 有固定的节奏、 和声及很多即兴发挥）.

trade
1[treid; tred] n 1 (a) [U] ~ (with sb/sth) exchange of goods or services for money or other goods; buying and selling 交易; 贸易; 商业; 买卖: * Since joining the Common Market, Britain's trade with Europe has greatly increased. 英国自从加入共同市场以来, 与欧洲的贸易大增. * Trade is always good (ie Many goods are sold) over the Christmas period. 圣诞节期间生意一向很好. * [attrib 作定语] a trade agreement 贸易协定. (b) [C] ~ (in sth) business of a particular kind （某种）行业, 生意: * be in the `cotton, `furniture, `book trade, ie sell or make cotton, furniture, etc 以棉花、 家具、 书籍生意为业 * The country earns most of its income from the tourist trade. 这个国家的大部分收入来自旅游业. * The new shop has been doing a brisk trade in cut-price clothes. 那新商店做减价服装生意一直很兴隆. 2 (a) [U, C] way of making a living, esp a job that involves making sth; occupation 谋生之道（尤指以制造某物为业）; 手艺; 职业: * be a butcher, carpenter, tailor, etc by trade 做肉商、 木匠、 裁缝等 * Basket-weaving is a dying (ie declining) trade. 编篮子这一行已逐渐衰落. * The college offers courses in a variety of trades. 该学院开设多种职业课程. (b) the trade [Gp] people or firm engaged in a particularbusiness （做某种生意的）同行的人或商行: * We sell cars to the trade, not to the general public. 我们向经销商出售汽车, 不卖给一般人. * offer discounts to the trade 对同行的人给予优惠. =>Usage 见所附用法. 3 (idm 习语) do a roaring trade => roaring (roar). a jack of all trades => jack1. ply one's trade => ply2. the tricks of the trade => trick. 复合： `trade gap difference between the value of what a country imports and what it exports 贸易差额. `trade mark 1 registered design or name used to identify a manufacturer's goods （注册的）商标. 2

trade1
(fig 比喻) distinctive characteristic 明显的特徵: a startling use of line and colour that is this artist's special trade mark 使用线条和色彩的惊人笔法, 构成这位画家的明显特徵. `trade name 1 name given by a manufacturer to a widely available product to identify a particular brand 商品名; 商标名: Aspirin in various forms is sold under a wide range of trade names. 阿司匹林以各种商标出售, 五花八门、 各式各样. 2 name taken and used by a person or firm for business purposes （商人或商店用的）字号, 商号, 牌号. `trade price price charged by a manufacturer or wholesaler to a retailer 同业售价; 批发价格. ,trade `secret 1 device or technique used by a firm in manufacturing its products, etc and kept secret from other firms or the general public 行业秘密. 2 (fig infml 比喻, 口) fact, etc that one is not willing to reveal （个人不愿透露的）秘密. `tradesman[-zmEn; -zmEn] n (pl -men[-mEn; -mEn] ) 1 person who comes to people's homes to deliver goods送货人: * the tradesmen's entrance, ie the side entrance to alarge house 送货人入口（大住宅的旁门）. 2 shopkeeper店主; 商人. ,trade `union (also ,trades `union, union, US `labor union) organized association of employees engaged in aparticular type of work, formed to protect their interests,improve conditions of work, etc 工会. ,trade-`unionismn [U] this system of association 工会制度; 工会主义. ,trade-`unionist n member of a trade union 工会会员.,Trades ,Union `Congress (abbr 缩写 TUC) associationof representatives of British trade unions 英国职工大会. `trade wind strong wind continually blowing towards the equator from the SE or the NE 信风; 贸易风. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: 1 Employment is formal and official. *employment是庄重的公文用词. It indicates the state of having paid work 这个词指有可获报酬的工作: The national employment figures are published every month. 全国就业人数按月公布.

trade2
* Are you in gainful employment? ie Do you have a paid job? 你有有报酬的工作吗? * Employment agencies help people to find work. 职业介绍所可帮助人寻找工作. 2 Occupation and job indicate a particular type of paid work. *occupation和job指有报酬的某种工作. Occupation is more formal and is used additionallyof work which may not provide a regular income *occupation一词较文, 还可指不一定有固定收入的工作: `What's his job?’ `He's a lorry driver, teacher, etc.’ ‘他做什麽工作?’‘他是卡车司机、 教师等.’ * Occupation: Artist, eg when filling in a form 职业: 画家（如填表格的字样） * Do you get any job satisfaction? 你能从工作中得到乐趣吗? 3 A profession is an occupation which requires higher education and specific training. *profession指需要受过较高深教育和专门训练才能从事的职业. A trade requires training and skill with the hands *trade指需要受过训练有手艺的职业: She's alawyer by profession. 她的职业是律师. * He's a carpenterby trade. 他的职业是木匠.

tradition
[trE'diFn; trE'diFEn] n (a) [U] passing of beliefs or customs from one generation to the next, esp without writing 信仰或风俗的世代相传（尤指无文字记载的）; 传统: * By tradition, people play practical jokes on 1 April. 按照传统风俗, 4月1日可以开恶作剧的玩笑. * They decided to break with (ie not observe) tradition. 他们决定要打破传统. (b) [C] belief or custom passed on in this way; any long-established method, practice, etc 传统的信仰和风俗; 长期以来形成的方法、 做法等: * It's a tradition to sing `Auld Lang Syne' on New Year's Eve.在除夕唱‘美好的往日’是传统风俗. * James Joyce's `Ulysses' challenged the literary traditions of his day. 詹姆斯．乔伊斯写的《尤利西斯》打破了他那一时代的文学传统. 派生： traditional[-FEnl; -FEnl] adj according to or being tradition 按照传统的; 传统的: * It's traditional in England to eat turkey on Christmas Day. 圣诞节时吃火鸡是英格兰的传统. * country people in their traditional costumes, ie of a type worn for many centuries 穿着传统服装的乡村居民. traditionalism[-FEnElizEm; -FEnl7izEm] n [U] respect or support for tradition, esp as contrasted with modern or new practices 传统主义（尤指与现代的或新的做法相对）. traditionalist[-FEnElist; -FEnlist] n person who follows or supports tradition 传统主义者. traditionally[-FEnEli; -FEnli] adv: * In England, turkey is traditionally eaten on Christmas Day. 在英格兰, 圣诞节时按传统要吃火鸡.

traduce
[trE'dju:s; - -'du:s; trE'dus] v [Tn] (fml 文) saydamaging untrue things about (sb/sth); slander or defame诽谤（某人[某事物]）; 诋毁; 中伤. > traducer n.

traffic
[5trAfik; 5trAfik] n [U] 1 vehicles moving along a road or street 往来於街道的车辆; 交通: * heavy/light traffic 往来车辆很多[不多] * There's usually a lot of traffic at this time of day. 每天在这段时间往来车辆都很多. * Traffic was brought to a standstill by the accident. 出了事故以後, 交通陷於停顿. * London-bound traffic is being diverted via Slough. 开往伦敦的车辆现绕道经过斯劳. * [attrib 作定语] a traffic accident 交通事故.2 movement of ships or aircraft along a route （船只或飞机沿航线的）航行: * cross-channel traffic, ie ships crossing the English Channel 横渡英吉利海峡的船只 * [attrib 作定语] a threatened strike by air-traffic controllers 航空调度员扬言要进行的罢工. 3 number of people or amount of goods moved from one place to another by road, rail, sea or air （公路、 铁路、 海上或空中人员或货物的）流量: * an increase in freight/goods/passenger traffic货运[货运/客运]量的增加 * the profitable North Atlantictraffic 有利可图的北大西洋运输业务. 4 ~ (in sth) illegal or immoral trading 非法的或不道德的买卖: * the traffic in drugs/arms/stolen goods 毒品[武器/赃物]的非法交易 * the ,white `slave traffic 将妇女卖为娼妓的勾当. 派生： traffic v (-ck-) [I, Ipr] ~ (in sth) trade, esp illegally or immorally 买卖（尤指在非法的或不道德的事物方面）: drug trafficking 毒品买卖 * He trafficked in illicit liquor. 他做过买卖私酒的生意. trafficker n. 复合： `traffic circle (US) = roundabout. `traffic indicator = trafficator. `traffic island (also island, refuge, safety island, USsafety zone) raised area in the middle of a road dividingtwo streams of traffic, esp for use by pedestrians when crossing the road 交通岛, 安全岛（道路中间分隔两股车辆的平台, 尤为行人过路用的）. `traffic jam situation in which vehicles cannot move freely and traffic comes to a standstill 交通阻塞.

traffic1
`traffic-light (also `stoplight) n (usu pl 通常作复数) automatic signal that controls road traffic, esp at junctions,by means of red, yellow and green lights 交通信号灯. `traffic warden official whose job is to make sure that people do not park their vehicles illegally, and to report on those who do （处理违章停车的）交通管理员.

trafficator
[5trAfikeitE(r); 5trAfi7ketl] n (also `traffic indicator) flashing light or other device on a vehicle, used to show the direction in which it is about to turn （车辆上的）方向灯, 方向指示器.

tragedy
[5trAdVEdi; 5trAdVEdi] n 1 [C, U] terrible event that causes great sadness 悲惨的事: * Investigators are searching the wreckage of the plane to try and find the cause of the tragedy. 调查人员在飞机残骸中搜索, 希望找出造成这一悲惨事件的原因. * a life blighted by tragedy 饱经惨事折磨的一生 * (fig 比喻) It's a tragedy (ie extremely regrettable) for this country that he never became prime minister. 他从未当上首相, 这是国家的极大不幸. 2 (a) [C] serious play with a sad ending 悲剧: * Shakespeare's tragedies and comedies 莎士比亚的悲剧和喜剧. (b) [U] branch of drama that consists of such plays 悲剧艺术: * classical French tragedy 法国的古典悲剧艺术. Cf 参看 comedy. 派生： tragedian/trE'dVi:diEn; trE'dVidiEn] n 1 writer of tragedies 悲剧作家. 2 actor in tragedy 悲剧演员. tragedienne/trE7dVi:di'en; trE7dVidi'en] n actress in tragedy 悲剧女演员.

tragic
[5trAdVik; 5trAdVik] adj 1 causing great sadness, esp because extremely unfortunate or having terrible consequences 悲惨的; 悲痛的; 可悲的: * a tragic accident, mistake, loss 可悲的事故、 错误、 损失 * Hers is a tragic story. 她的经历十分悲惨. * The effect of the pollution on the beaches is absolutely tragic. 污染海滩後果可悲. *It's tragic that he died so young. 他英年早逝令人悲哀.2 [attrib 作定语] of or in the style of tragedy 悲剧的;悲剧风格的: * one of our finest tragic actors 我们的最优秀的一个悲剧演员. > tragically[-kli; -kli] adv: * her tragically short life 她短暂得可悲的一生.

tragicomedy
[7trAdVi'kCmEdi; 7trAdVi'kamEdi] n [C, U] (type of) play with both tragic and comic elements 悲喜剧（体裁）. > tragicomic[-'kCmik; -'kamik] adj.

trail
[treil; trel] n 1 mark or sign in the form of a long line left by sth or sb passing by 痕迹; 足迹; 踪迹: * vapour trails, eg those left in the sky by high-flying aircraft 蒸汽尾迹（如飞机在高空飞行留下的） * The hurricane left a trail of destruction behind it. 飓风过後满目疮痍. * tourists who leave a trail of litter everywhere they go 一路走一路乱扔垃圾的游客. 2 path, esp through roughcountry 小路（尤指穿过不平坦的郊野的）: * a trail throughthe forest 穿过森林的小路 * a `nature trail 穿过郊野的小路. 3 track or scent followed in hunting （打猎或追踪时搜寻的）痕迹, 臭迹: * The police are on the escaped convict's trail, ie are pursuing him. 警方正在追捕逃犯. 4 (idm 习语) blaze a trail => blaze3. hit the trail => hit1. hot on sb's tracks/trail; hot on the trail => hot. 派生： trail v 1 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (cause sth to) be dragged behind （使某物）被拖在後面: Her long skirt was trailing along/on the floor. 她的长裙拖在地板上. * a bird trailing a broken wing 耷拉着一个断翅的鸟 * I trailed my hand in the water as the boat drifted along. 小船漂流向前, 我把手伸进水里让它拖着走. =>Usage at pull2 用法见pull2. 2 [Ipr, Ip] ~ along behind (sb/sth), etc walk or move wearily, esp behind or later than others 疲惫地走或磨蹭（尤指跟在或落在後面）: The tired children trailed along behind their parents. 孩子们累了, 没精打采地跟在父母後面. * The horse I had backed trailed in last. 我下赌注的那匹马落在後面, 跑了个倒数第一. * (fig 比喻) This country is still trailing far behind (others) in computer research. 这个国家的计算机研究工作远远落後（他国）. 3 [I, Ipr] ~ (by/in sth) (usu in the continuous tenses 通常用於进行时态) be losing a game or some other contest （在比赛、 竞赛等中）输, 失败, 失利: trailing by two goals to one at half-time 上半场以二比一落後

trail1
* The party is trailing badly in the opinion polls. 该党在民意测验中大大失利. 4 [Ipr] (of plants) grow randomly over a surface, downwards or along the ground with long winding stems （指植物）蔓生, 蔓延: roses trailing over the walls 蔓生在墙上的蔷薇. 5 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (to sth) follow the trail of sb/sth; track sb/sth 追踪或尾随某人[某事物]: trail a criminal, a wild animal 追踪罪犯、 野兽. 6 (phr v) trail away/off (of sb's speech) gradually become quieter and then stop, esp because of shyness, confusion, etc （指某人说话）声音逐渐减弱到不出声（尤指因害羞、 慌乱等所致）. 复合： `trail-blazer n person who does sth new or original; pioneer 创新者; 创始人; 先驱. `trail-blazing adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (approv 褒) pioneering 先驱的; 首创的: a trail-blazing scientific discovery 创新的科学发现.

trailer
[5treilE(r); 5trell] n 1 (a) truck or other wheeled container pulled by another vehicle 拖车; 挂车: * They packed the food and camping equipment in the trailer. 他们把食物和野营用具都装上拖车上了. (b) (esp US) = caravan. 2 series of short extracts from a film or TV programme, shown in advance to advertise it （电影或电视节目的）预告片.

train
1[trein; tren] n 1 railway engine with several carriages or trucks linked to and pulled by it 列车; 火车: * a `passenger/`goods/`freight train 一列客车[货车] * `express/`stopping trains 快[慢]车 * I normally catch/take/get the 7.15 train to London. 我一般乘7点15分的火车去伦敦. * get on/off a train 上[下]火车 * You have to change trains at Didcot. 你需在迪德科特倒车. * If you miss the train there's another an hour later. 你要是赶不上这趟火车, 一小时後还有一趟. * Travelling by train is more relaxing than driving. 乘火车旅行比开汽车轻松得多. * [attrib 作定语] a `train driver 火车司机. 2 number of people or animals, etc moving in a line 鱼贯而行的人、 动物等: * a `camel train 骆驼队 * the `baggage train, ie people and animals transporting luggage 运输行李的人和役畜的队伍. 3 group of people who follow sb around; retinue 追随某人的人群; 随员: * The pop star was followed by a train of admirers. 那位流行歌曲歌星周围蜂拥着许多歌迷. 4 (usu sing 通常作单数) ~ (of sth) sequence of connected events, thoughts, etc 一系列相关的事情、 想法等: * His telephone call interrupted my train of thought. 他的电话打断了我的思路. * The military coup brought dire consequences in its train, ie as a result of it. 这次军事政变後患无穷. 5 part of a longdress or robe that trails on the ground behind the wearer长的衣、 袍、 裙等拖在地上的部分. 6 (idm 习语) in train (fml 文) being prepared 准备妥当: * Arrangements for the ceremony have been put in train. 典礼的各项安排都已就绪. 复合： `train-bearer n attendant who holds up the train1(5) of sb's dress or robe 为他人挽着衣、 袍、 裙等拖地部分的人. `trainman[-mEn; -mEn] n (pl -men[-mEn; -mEn] ) (US) member of the crew operating a railway train 列车员. `train set toy consisting of a model train which runs on a model track 模型铁路（包括铁轨、 列车在内的成套玩具）.

train1
`train-spotter n person who collects the numbers of railway locomotives he has seen, as a hobby 搜集自己见过的机车号码的人（作为爱好）.

traipse
[treips; treps] v [Ipr, Ip] (infml 口) walk wearily; trudge 疲惫地走; 拖着脚步走: * We spent the afternoon traipsing from one shop to another. 我们用了一下午的时间逛商店, 疲惫不堪地逛了一家又一家.

trait
[ treIt; also, in British use, 英式英语读作 treI; tret] n element in sb's personality; distinguishing characteristic 人的个性; 显着的特点; 特徵: * One of his less attractive traits is criticizing his wife in public. 他有个不大讨人喜欢的特点, 就是爱当众责备妻子.

traitor
[5treitE(r); 5tretl] n ~ (to sb/sth) 1 person who betrays a friend, his country, a cause, etc 背叛者; 卖国贼; 叛徒: * He's a traitor to himself, ie has acted against his own principles. 他背叛了自己的信条. 2 (idm 习语) ,turn `traitor become a traitor 成为叛徒. 派生： traitorous[5treitErEs; 5tretErEs] adj (fml 文) of orlike a traitor; treacherous （似）叛徒的; 背叛的: * traitorousconduct 背叛行为.

trajectory
[trE'dVektEri; trE'dVektEri] n curved path of sth that has been fired, hit or thrown into the air, eg a missile （抛射体, 如导弹的）弹道, 轨迹, 轨道: * a bullet's trajectory 子弹的弹道.

tram
[trAm; trAm] (also tramcar[5trmka:(r); 5trAm7kar] , US `streetcar, trolley) n public passenger vehicle,usu driven by electricity, running on rails laid along the streets of a town （有轨的）电车. 复合： `tramlines n [pl] 1 rails for a tram 电车轨道. 2 (infml口) pair of parallel lines on a tennis court marking the additional area used when playing doubles （网球双打时）球场两侧的加线. =>illus at tennis 见tennis插图.

trammel
[5trAml; 5trAml] v (-ll-; US -l-) [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (fml or rhet 文或修辞) take away the freedom of action of (sb); hamper; impede 限制（某人）行动自由; 束缚; 阻碍; 妨碍: * No longer trammelled by his responsibilities as chairman, he could say what he wished. 他不当董事长就不受职务约束了, 想说什麽就说什麽. 派生： trammels n [pl] (fml or rhet 文或修辞) things that limit or impede one's freedom to move, act, etc 形成阻碍或束缚的事物: the trammels of routine, convention, superstition 常规、 惯例、 迷信的束缚.

tramp
[trAmp; trAmp] v 1 [Ipr, Ip] walk with heavy or noisy steps 重踏步行走; 跺着脚行走: * We could hear him tramping about upstairs 我们可以听见他在楼上暮暮地走来走去. * They came tramping through the kitchen leaving dirty footmarks. 他们重踏着脚步穿过厨房走来, 留下了肮脏的脚印. 2 [Ipr, Ip, In/pr, Tn] travel across (an area) on foot, esp for a long distance and often wearily 步行经过（一地区）（尤指长途且疲惫不堪）: * tramping over the moors 徒步越过高沼地 * We tramped (for) miles and miles without finding anywhere to stay. 我们走啊走啊, 始终找不到个栖身之处. * tramp the streets looking for work 在街上来回奔走寻找工作. =>Usage at stump 用法见stump. 派生： tramp n 1 [C] person with no fixed home or occupation who wanders from place to place; vagrant 无家无业到处流浪的人; 流浪者. 2 [C usu sing 通常作单数] long walk 长途步行: go for a solitary tramp in the country 独自在郊野远足. 3 [sing] the ~ of sb/sth sound of heavy footsteps 沉重的脚步声: the tramp of marching soldiers/of soldiers' marching feet 行军士兵的[士兵行军的]重踏步声. 4 [C] (also `tramp steamer) cargo ship that does not travel on a regular route but carries cargo between many different ports 航线不定但停靠许多港口的货船. 5 [C] (dated sl derog 旧, 俚, 贬) sexually immoral woman 婊子; 荡妇.

trample
[5trAmpl; 5trAmpl] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth/sb (down) tread heavily on sth/sb so as to cause damage or destruction 踩坏或踩伤某物[某人]: * The campers had trampled the corn (down). 野营的人踩坏了庄稼. * The crowd panicked and ten people were trampled to death. 人群惊慌失措, 踩死了十个人. 2 [Ipr] ~ on sth/sb (a) crush or harm sth by treading on it 踩碎、 踩坏或踩伤某物: * trample on sb's toes 踩着某人的脚趾. (b) (fig 比喻) disregard sb unfeelingly or contemptuously无视或蔑视某人: * trample on sb's feelings/rights 伤害某人的感情[侵犯某人的权利] * I refuse to be trampled on any longer! 别人要再小看我那可不行! 3 [Ipr, Ip] walk with heavy or crushing steps 重踏步行走或踩过: * I don't want all those people trampling about all over my flower beds. 我可不能让那些人都在我的花坛里到处乱踩.

trampoline
[5trAmpEli:n; 5trAmpElin] n sheet of strongfabric attached by springs to a frame, used by gymnasts for jumping high into the air to do somersaults, etc 蹦床, 弹床（体操器械）. 派生： trampoline v [I] use a trampoline 在蹦床上弹跳: enjoy trampolining 玩跳蹦床游戏.

trance
[tra:ns; - trAns; trAns] n 1 sleep-like state, caused eg by being hypnotized 昏睡状态; 催眠状态: * go/fall into a trance 进入[陷入]昏睡状态 * put/send sb into a trance 使某人进入昏睡状态 * come out of a trance 从昏睡状态中醒来. 2 dreamy state in which one concentrates on one's thoughts and does not notice what is happening around one 出神; 发呆: * She's been in a trance all day I think she's in love. 她整天发愣--我看她是陷入情网了.

tranquil
[5trANkwil; 5trANkwil] adj calm, quiet and undisturbed 平静的; 安静的; 安宁的: * lead a tranquil life in the country 在乡间过着宁静的生活. 派生： tranquillity (US also tranquility)[trAN'kwilEti; trAN'kwilEti] n [U] tranquil condition 平静; 安静; 安宁. tranquillize (US also tranquilize), -ise[-aiz; -aiz] v [Tn] make (a person or an animal) calmer or sleepy, esp by means of a drug 使（人或动物）安静或入睡（尤指用药物）: * The game wardens tranquillized the rhinoceros with a drugged dart. 猎物保护区管理员用麻醉射器让犀牛静了下来. * the tranqullizing effect of gentle music 轻柔的音乐具有的安眠作用. tranquillizer (US also tranquilizer), -iser n drug for making an anxious person feel calm; sedative 安定药; 镇静剂: * She's on (ie is taking) tranquillizers. 她经常使用镇静剂. tranquilly adv.

trans
abbr 缩写 = translated (by).

transact
[trAn'zAkt; trAnz'Akt] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sb) (fml 文) conduct or carry out (business), esp between two people 办理或处理（事务）（尤指在两人之间）: * This sort of business can only be transacted in private. 这种事情只能私下处理.

transaction
[trAn'zAkFn; trAnz'AkFEn] n 1 [U] ~ (of sth) transacting 办理; 处理: * the transaction of business 处理事务. 2 [C] piece of business transacted 业务; 交易: * Payments by cheque easily outnumber cash transactions.用支票付款在数量上大大超过现金交易. * transactionson the Stock Exchange 证券交易所的业务. 3 transactions[pl] (record of the) lectures and discussions held at the meetings of an academic society （学术团体的）报告会, 讨论会, 会议记录, 公报: * the transactions of the Kent Archaeological Society 肯特考古学会的会刊.

transatlantic
[7trAnzEt'lAntik; 7trAnzEt'lAntik] adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] 1 on or from the other side of the Atlantic 在（或来自）大西洋彼岸的: * The President affirmed America's commitment to its transatlantic (ie European) allies. 总统申明美国履行对其欧洲盟国承担的义务. * Two years in New York have left him with a transatlantic (ie American) accent. 他在纽约住了两年就带上了美国口音. 2 crossing the Atlantic 横越大西洋的: * a transatlantic flight, voyage, telephone call 横越大西洋的飞行、 横渡大西洋的航行、 大西洋的越洋电话. 3 concerning countries on both sides of the Atlantic 涉及大西洋两岸国家的: * a transatlantic trade agreement 大西洋两岸国家的贸易协定.

transcend
[trAn'send; trAn'send] v (fml 文) 1 [Tn] be or go beyond the range of (human experience, belief, powers of description, etc) 超出或超越（经验、 信念、描写能力等）的范围: * Such matters transcend man's knowledge, ie We cannot know about them. 这些问题人类是无法了解的. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (in sth) be much better or greater than sb/sth; surpass 优於或胜过某人[某事物]: * She far transcends the others in beauty and intelligence. 她才貌出众.

transcendent
[trAn'sendEnt; trAn'sendEnt] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (fml approv 文, 褒) extremely great; supreme 卓越的; 至高无上的: * a writer of transcendent genius 杰出的天才作家. > transcendence[-dEns;-dEns] , transcendency[-dEnsi; -dEnsi] ns [U].

transcendental
[7trAnsen'dentl; 7trAnsen'dentl] adj[usu attrib 通常作定语] going beyond the limits of humanknowledge, experience or reason, esp in a mystical or religious way 超出人类知识、 经验或理性的（尤指有神秘或宗教色彩的）; 玄奥的; 先验的: * Gazing at that majestic painting was for me an almost transcendental experience. 我凝视着那幅气势磅的画, 一种堪称超凡的感受油然而生. Cf 参看 empirical. 派生： transcendentalism[7trAnsen'dentElizEm; 7trAnsen'dentl7izEm] n [U] philosophy that stresses belief in transcendental things and the importance of spiritual rather than material existence 先验论（一种哲学观点, 相信超凡的事物, 认为精神存在比物质存在更重要）. transcendentalist[-tElist; -tlist] n believer in transcendentalism 先验论者. transcendentally[-tEli; -tli] adv. 复合： ,transcendental medi`tation technique of meditationand relaxation that originates in Hinduism and involves repeating a special phrase to oneself over and over again 超在禅定法（念诵梵文真言松心缓性法, 源於印度教）.

transcontinental
[7trAnzkCnti'nentl; 7trAnskantE'nentl] adj crossing a continent 横贯大陆的: * a transcontinental highway, flight, journey 穿越大陆的公路、 飞行、 旅行.

transcribe
[trAn'skraib; trAn'skraib] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (into sth) copy sth in writing 抄写、 誊写或用打字机打印某物: * She jotted down a few notes, and later transcribed them into an exercise book. 她草草做了些笔记, 然後誊写在练习本上. 2 [Tn, Cn.n, Cn.n/a] ~sth (as sth) represent (a sound) by means of a phonetic symbol 用音标标出（声音）: * In this dictionary, the last vowel of `transcendent' is transcribed (as)[E; E] . 在本词典中, transcendent一词最後一个元音标作/E/. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (for sth) rewrite (music) so that it can be played on a different instrument, sung by a differentvoice, etc 改编（乐曲）（以适应他种乐器或声部）: * a pianopiece transcribed for the guitar 改编成用吉他演奏的钢琴曲. 4 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (on/onto sth) copy recorded sound using a different recording medium （用不同的录音手段）转录, 复制: * a performance now transcribed onto compact disc 现已制成激光唱片的一次演出. 派生： transcript[5trAnskript; 5trAn7skript] n 1 written or recorded copy of what has been said or written 抄本; 誊本; 打字本; 副本: * a transcript of the trial 审讯记录的文字本. 2 (US) copy of an official record of a student's work, showing courses taken and grades achieved 学生成绩报告单. transcription/trAn'skripFn; trAn'skripFEn] n 1 [U] action or process of transcribing 抄写; 誊写; （打字机的）打印: * errors made in transcription 抄写中的错误.2 [C] (a) transcript 抄本; 誊本; 打字本; 副本. (b) representation of speech sounds in writing 语音的标注; 注音; 音标: * a phonetic transcription of what they said 用音标写出的他们谈话的内容. 3 [U] recording of radio or TV programmes for later broadcast （广播或电视节目的）预制（以备到时播放）: * [attrib 作定语] the BBC transcription service 英国广播公司录音节目的播放.

transept
[5trAnsept; 5trAnsept] n (architecture 建) (either end of the) part of a cross-shaped church which is built at right angles to the main central part (the nave) （十字形平面式教堂的）耳堂: * the north/south transept of the cathedral 大教堂的北[南]耳堂. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page viii.

transfer
1[trAns'fE:(r); trAns'fE] v (-rr-) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth/sb (from...) (to...) move sth/sb from one place to another 将某物[某人]由一处转移到另一处:The head office has been transferred from London to Cardiff.总部已由伦敦迁至加的夫. * She's being transferred to our Paris branch. 她已调到我们在巴黎的分部. * (fig 比喻) transfer one's affections/one's allegiance, ie become fond of/loyal to sb else 转移爱心[忠诚]（至另一对象）. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sb) (to sb) hand over the possession of (property, etc) 转让（财产等）: * transfer rights to sb 把权利让与某人. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) (to sth) copy (recorded material) using a different recording or storage medium （用不同的录制或存储手段）转录或转存（资料）: * transfer computer data from disk to tape 把计算机资料由磁盘转录到磁带上.4 [I, Ipr] ~ (from...) (to...) (a) change to anotherplace, group, occupation, etc 调动; 调任: * He has transferredfrom the warehouse to the accounts office. 他已由仓库调到会计室任职. (b) change to another route, means of transport, etc during a journey （旅途中）改变路线、 交通工具等; 转乘; 换乘: * We had to transfer from Gatwick to Heathrow to catch a plane to Belfast. 我们得从盖特威克机场转到希思罗机场好赶上飞往贝尔法斯特的班机. 派生： transferable[-'fE:rEbl; -'fEEbl] adj that can be transferred 可转移的; 可转让的; 可转录的; 可调动的; 可中转的: * This ticket is not transferable, ie may only be used by the person to whom it is issued. 此票不得转让. transferability[7trns7fE:rE'bilEti; 7trAnsfEE'bilEti] n [U]. transference[5trAnsfErEns; - trAns'fE:rEns; trAns'fEEns] , transferral (US also transferal)[trAns'fE:rEl; trAns'fEEl] ns [U] transferring or being transferred 转移; 迁移; 转让; 转录; 调动; 中转: * the transference of heat from one body to another 热量由一个物体到另一个物体的传导

transfer1
* the transferral of power to a civilian government 权力向文官政府的移交.

transfigure
[trAns'figE(r); - -gjEr; trAns'figjl] v [Tn] (fml 文) change the appearance of (sb/sth), esp so as to make him/it nobler or more beautiful 改变（某人[某物]）的外表（尤指改好）: * Her face was transfigured by happiness. 她高兴得容光焕发. 派生： transfiguration[7trAnsfigE'reiFn; - -gjE'r-; 7trAnsfigjE'reFEn] n 1 [U, C] (fml 文) change of this sort 变形; 改观. 2 the Transfiguration [sing] Christian festival (6 August) commemorating the moment when Christ appeared before three of his disciples in a mystically changed form 主显圣容节（基督教节日, 在8月6日, 纪念基督在叁个门徒前面貌的改变）.

transfix
[trAns'fiks; trAns'fiks] v (fml 文) 1 [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: * Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth/sb (with/on sth) stick sth pointed completely through sth/sb 用某物刺穿某物[某人]: * a fish transfixed with a harpoon 用鱼叉叉穿的鱼. 2 [usu passive 通常用於被动语态: * Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (with sth) make sb unable to move, think or speak because of fear, astonishment, etc 使某人（因恐惧、 惊愕等）不能动弹、 思想或说话: * He stood staring at the ghost, transfixed with terror. 他站在那里看着那个鬼, 吓得不能动弹.

transform
[trAns'fC:m; trAns'fCrm] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth/sb (from sth) (into sth) completely change the appearance or character of sth/sb 完全改变某事物[某人]的外观或特性: * A fresh coat of paint can transform a room. 房间重新粉刷一遍可大为改观. * She used to be terribly shy, but a year abroad has completely transformed her, ie so that she is no longer shy. 她过去十分 腆, 但在国外呆了一年以後完全变了. * a complete change of climate which transformed the area from a desert into a swamp 使该地区由沙漠变为沼泽的气候的彻底改变* the process by which caterpillars are transformed into butterflies 毛虫变为蝴蝶的过程. 派生： transformable[-Ebl; -Ebl] adj that can be transformed 可改变外观或性质的. transformation[7trAnsfE'meiFn; 7trAnsfl'meFEn] n [C, U] (instance of) transforming or being transformed （外观或性质的）改变, 改观, 转变: * His character seems to have undergone a complete transformation since his marriage. 他结婚之後性格判若两人. transformer n apparatus for increasing or reducing the voltage of an electric power supply, to allow a particular piece of electrical equipment to be used 变压器.

transfusion
[trAns'fju:Vn; trAns'fjuVEn] n [C, U] act or process of putting one person's blood into another person's body 输血: * The injured man had lost a lot of blood and had to be given a transfusion. 那个受伤的男子失血过多, 必须进行输血.

transgress
[trAnz'gres; trAnz'gres] v 1 [Tn] (fml 文) go beyond (the limit of what is morally or legally acceptable) 超出（道德或法律的限度）; 违反（法律）; 违背（道德）: * transgress the bounds of decency 逾矩. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (against sth) (dated 旧) offend against a moral principle; sin 违反道德准则; 违犯戒律. 派生： transgression/trAnz'greFn; trAnz'greFEn] n (fml 文) (a) [U] transgressing 违法; 违反道德; 违犯戒律. (b) [C] instance of this; sin 违法; 违反道德; 违犯戒律. transgressor n (fml 文) person who transgresses; sinner 违法的人; 违反道德或违犯戒律的人.

transient
[5trAnziEnt; - 'trAnFnt; 5trAnFEnt] adj lasting for only a short time; brief; fleeting 短暂的; 片刻的; 转瞬即逝的: * transient success 一时的成功 * Their happiness was to be sadly transient. 他们的幸福可惜是短 暂的. Cf 参看 transitory. 派生： transience[-Ens; -Ens] , transiency[-nsi; -nsi] ns [U]: * the transience of human life 人生之短暂. transient n person who stays or works in a place for a short time only, before moving on 仅短暂在某地停留或工作的人: [attrib 作定语] a transient population 流动人口.

transistor
[tArn'zistE(r), -'sist-; trAn'zistl, -'sist-] n1 small electronic device used in radios, televisions, etc for controlling an electrical signal as it passes along a circuit 晶体管. 2 (also ,transistor `radio) portable radio with transistors 晶体管收音机. 派生： transistorized, -ised[-tEraizd; -tE7raizd] adj equipped with transistors 装有晶体管的.

transit
[5trAnzit, -sit; 5trAnzit, -sit] n 1 [U] process of going or being taken or transported from one place to another 搬运; 载运; 运输: * goods delayed or lost in transit 在运输中延误或遗失的货物 * [attrib 作定语] an urban rapid-transit system 城市高速运输系统. 2 [C, U] (astronomy 天) movement of one object in space (eg a planet) between another and an observer, so that the first seems to pass across the surface of the second 宇宙中一天体（如一行星）运行到另一天体与观察者之间, 使前者如同经过後者之表面; 凌日: * observe the transit of Venus, eg across the sun 观测金星之凌日. 复合： `transit camp camp providing temporary accommodationfor refugees, soldiers, etc （难民、 士兵等的）临时宿营地. `transit visa visa allowing a person to pass through a country but not to stay there 过境签证（允许过境而不许停留）.

transition
[trAn'ziFn; trAn'ziFEn] n [C, U] ~ (from sth) (to sth) (instance of) changing from one state or condition to another 过渡; 转变; 变迁: * the transition from childhood to adult life 从童年到成年的过渡阶段 * a period of transition 过渡时期 * His attitude underwent an abrupt transition, ie changed suddenly. 他的态度突然改变了. > transitional[-FEnl; -FEnl] adj: * a transitionalstage 过渡阶段 * a transitional government, ie one holdingpower temporarily during a period of change 过渡政府. transitionally[-FEnEli; -FEnli] adv.

transitive
[5trAnsEtiv; 5trAnsEtiv] adj (grammar) (of a verb) that is used with a direct object either expressed or understood （指动词）及物的. Cf 参看 intransitive. > transitively adv.

transitory
[5trAnsitri; - -tC:ri; 5trAnsE7tCri] adj lasting for only a short time; transient 短暂的; 片刻的; 转瞬即逝的: * a transitory feeling of well-being 片刻的安逸. > transitoriness n [U].

translate
[trAnz'leit; trAnz'let] v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (from sth) (into sth) express (sth spoken or esp written) in another language or in simpler words 翻译（某言语, 尤指文字）; 用简易的语言表达（某事）: * He doesn't understand Greek, so I offered to translate. 他不懂希腊文, 我主动给他翻译. * translate an article into Dutch 把一篇文章译成荷兰文 * `War and Peace', newly translated from the original Russian 从俄语原文重新翻译的《战争与和平》 * Can someone translate this legal jargon into plain English for me? 谁能把这一法律术语用简单易懂的英语给我说一遍? 2 [I] be capable of being translated in another language 能被翻译: * Most poetry doesn't translate well. 诗歌大多翻译不好. 3 [Tn.pr] ~ sth into sth express (ideas, feelings, etc) in a different (esp a more concrete) form 把（思想、 情感等）用另一种（尤指更具体的）形式表现出来: * It's time to translateour ideas into action. 我们该把思想变为行动了. 4 [Cn.n/a]~ sth as sth judge or guess that sth has the specified meaning or intention; interpret sth as sth 断定或猜想某事物的意义或意图; 解释某事物: * I translated her silence as assent. 我认为她沉默不语就是同意了. Cf 参看 interpret. 派生： translatable[-Ebl; -Ebl] adj that can be translated 可翻译的. translation[-'leiFn; -'leFEn] n 1 [U] translating 翻译; 用简易语言或另一种形式的表达; 认为; 解释: * errors in translation 翻译中的错误 * the translation of theories into practice 理论到实践的转变. 2 [C] thing that is translated 译作; 译文: * make/do a translation 做翻译 * a rough, literal, exact, etc translation 粗率的、 逐字的、 准确的...翻译 * the available translations of Dante 现有的但丁译本. 3 (idm 习语) in translation translated into another language; not in the original language 翻译成另一种语言的; 非原来语言的:

translate1
* read Cervantes in translation阅读塞万提斯的译本. translator n person who translates (esp sth written) 译者（尤指笔译的）. Cf 参看 interpreter (interpret).

transliterate
[trAnz'litEreit; trAnz'litE7ret] v [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.n/a] ~ sth (into/as sth) write words or letters in or as the letters of a different alphabet 将词或字母用另一字母体系中的字母写出: * transliterate Greek place-names into Roman letters 把希腊文地名用罗马字母写出. > transliteration[7trnzlitE'reiFn; 7trAnzlitE-'reFEn] n [C, U].

translucent
[trAnz'lu:snt; trAnz'lusnt] adj allowinglight to pass through but not transparent 半透明的: * lavatorywindows made of translucent glass 用半透明玻璃做的厕所窗户. > translucence[-sns; -sns] , translucency[-snsi; -snsi] ns [U]: * the shimmering translucency of her fine silk gown 她那闪光的半透明丝制华贵长袍.

transmigration
[7trAnzmai'greiFn; 7trAnzmai'greFEn] n [U] (a) passing of a person's soul after death intoanother body （死後灵魂的）转生, 转世. (b) = migration (migrate).

transmission
[trAnz'miFn; trAnz'miFEn] n 1 [U] action or process of transmitting or being transmitted传送; 传播; 传递; 传达; 传染: * the transmission of disease by mosquitoes 由蚊子引起的疾病传染 * a break in transmission (ie of a radio or TV broadcast) due to a technical fault 由於技术故障造成的（广播或电视）播送中断. 2 [C] radio or TV broadcast （无线电或电视的）播送: * a live transmission from Washington 来自华盛顿的实况转播. 3 [C, U] connected set of parts (clutch, gears, etc) by which power is passed from the engine to the axle in a motor vehicle （机动车的）传动装置, 变速器: * a car fitted with (a) manual/(an) automatic transmission装有手动[自动]变速器的汽车.

transmit
[trAnz'mit; trAnz'mit] v (-tt-) 1 [usu passive通常用於被动语态: * Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from...) (to...)send out (a signal, programme, etc) electronically by radio waves, along a telegraph wire, etc （藉无线电波、 沿电报线路等）传输, 传播（信号、 节目等）: * The World Cup final is being transmitted live to over fifty countries. 世界杯决赛现正向五十多个国家作实况转播. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth/itself (from...) (to...) send or pass on sth/itself from one person, place or thing to another将某事物传送、 传递、 传达或传染给对方: * sexually transmitted diseases 由性生活传染的疾病 * transmit knowledge from one generation to another 把知识由一代人传给另一代人 * The tension soon transmitted itself to all the members of the crowd. 这种紧张情绪很快感染了人群中所有的人. 3 [Tn] allow (sth) to pass through or along 传导（某事物）: * Iron transmits heat. 铁能传热. 派生： transmitter n 1 device or equipment for transmittingradio or other electronic signals 发射机; 发报机; 发射台; 发报台. 2 person or creature or thing that transmits 起传送或传播作用的人或生物或事物: The mosquito is a transmitter of disease. 蚊子能传染疾病.

transmogrify
[trAnz'mCgrifai; trAnz'magrE7fai] v (pt,pp -fied) [Tn] (joc 谑) completely change the appearanceor character of (sb/sth), esp in a magical or a surprising way 完全改变（某人[某事物]）的外表或特性（尤指藉魔法或出乎意料）. > transmogrification[7trAnzmCgrifi'keiFn; trAnz7magrEfi'keFEn] n [C, U].

transmute
[trAnz'mju:t; trAnz'mjut] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~sth (into sth) change sth (into sth completely different)将某事物改变（为完全不同的事物）: * In former times it was thought that ordinary metal could be transmuted into gold. 古时认为一般金属能变成黄金. 派生： transmutable[-Ebl; -Ebl] adj that can be transmuted可改变的. transmutation[7trAnzmju:'teiFn; 7trAnzmju'teFEn] n [C, U].

transoceanic
[7trAnz7EuFi'Anik; 7trAnzoFi'Anik] adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] beyond or crossing an ocean在海洋彼岸的; 横越海洋的: * transoceanic colonies 海外殖民地 * the transoceanic migration of birds 鸟类的越洋迁徙.

transom
[5trAnsEm; 5trAnsEm] n 1 horizontal bar of wood, stone, etc across the top of a door or window （门窗上端的）横楣, 横档. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page viii. 2 (esp US) window above the transom of a door or of a larger window; fanlight （门或大窗户横楣上方的）气窗, 顶窗, 扇形窗.

transparent
[trAns'prEnt; trAns'perEnt] adj 1 allowinglight to pass through so that objects behind can be seen clearly 透明的: * a type of plastic that is as transparent as glass but stronger 一种透明如玻璃且比玻璃坚固的塑料 * a box with a transparent lid 带有透明盖儿的盒子.2 about which there can be no doubt; unmistakable 明显的; 无疑的; 无错误的: * a transparent lie 易识破的谎言 * a man of transparent sincerity, honesty, etc 绝对忠诚、 诚实等的人. 3 (approv 褒) easily understood; clear 易懂的; 清楚的: * a transparent style of writing 简明的文体. 派生： transparency[-rEnsi; -rEnsi] n 1 [U] state of being transparent 透明; 明显; 清楚. 2 [C] photograph printed on transparent plastic, so that it can be viewed by shining a light through it; slide1(4a) 幻灯片; 透明正片. transparently adv: transparently honest 很老实的.

transpire
[trAn'spaiE(r); trAn'spair] v 1 [I] (used with it and a that-clause; usu not in the continuous tenses 与it和that从句结合使用; 通常不用於进行时态) (of an event, a secret, etc) become known （指事情、 秘密等）公开, 为人所知: * This, it later transpired, was untrue. 此事後来得知不属实. * It transpired that the gang had had a contact inside the bank. 据报这伙匪徒在银行里有内应. 2 [I] (infml 口) happen 发生: * You're meeting him tomorrow? Let me know what transpires. 你是明天见他吗? 把见面後的情况告诉我. 3 [I, Tn] (of plants) give off (watery vapour) from the surface of leaves, etc （指植物）（从叶面等）散发（水汽）. 派生： transpiration[7trAnspi'reiFn; 7trAnspE'reFEn] n [U] process of transpiring (transpire 3) （叶面等水汽的）散发, 蒸发.

transplant
[trAns'pla:nt; - -'plAnt; trAns'plAnt] v1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from...) (to...); ~ sth (in/into sth) remove (a growing plant) with its roots and replant it elsewhere 移栽, 移种（植物）: * Transplant the seedlings into peaty soil. 把幼苗移栽到含泥炭的土壤里. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sb/sth) (to sb/sth) take (tissue or an organ) from one person, animal or part of the body and put it into another 移植（组织或器官）: * transplant a kidney from one twin to another 把孪生儿之一的肾脏移植到另一人身上. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (from...) (to...) (fig 比喻) move (a person, an animal, etc) from one place to another 使（人、 动物等）迁移: * He hated being transplanted from his home in the country to the noise and bustle of life in the city. 他很不喜欢从乡间的居所迁居到了喧闹的城市里. 4 [I, Ipr] ~ (from...) (to...) be able to be transplanted 能被移植; 能被迁移: * an old custom that does not transplant easily to the modern world 不易融入现代社会的旧习俗. 派生： transplant[5trAnspla:nt; - -plAnt; 5trAnsplAnt] n instance of transplanting (transplant2) （组织或器官的）移植: * have a bone-marrow transplant 接受骨髓移植 * [attrib 作定语] a heart transplant operation 心脏移植手术. transplantation[7trAnspla:n'teiFn; - -plAn-; 7trAnsplAn'teFEn] n [U].

transpolar
[trAnz'pEulE(r); trAns'poll] adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] across the polar regions 穿越极区的: * transpolar flights from London to Tokyo 由伦敦至东京穿越极地的航班.

transport
1[trAn'spC:t; trAns'pCrt] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth/sb (from...) (to...) 1 take sth/sb from one place to another in a vehicle 运送, 运输（某物[某人]）: * transport goods by lorry 用卡车运载货物. 2 (esp formerly) send a criminal to a distant place as a punishment （尤指旧时）流放: * transported to Australia for life 终身流放至澳大利亚. 派生： transportable[-Ebl; -Ebl] adj that can be transported可运输的; 可流放的. transportation[7trAnspC:'teiFn; 7trAnspl'teFEn] n [U] 1 (esp US) = transport: * [attrib 作定语] transportation costs 运费. 2 transporting or being transported 运送; 运输; 流放: * sentenced to transportation 判处流刑. transported adj [pred 作表语] ~ (with sth) (rhet 修辞) overcome by emotion 情不自禁: Listening to her recent performance I felt totally transported. 我听着她最近演出的作品, 喜不自胜. * transported with joy, anger, fear, etc 乐不可支、 怒不可遏、 惊恐万状. transporter/trAn'spC:tE(r); trAns'pCrtl] n large vehicle used for carrying cars, etc （大型的）运输车（用於装运汽车等的）.

transpose
[trAn'spEuz; trAns'poz] v 1 [Tn] cause (two or more things) to change places 使（物体）互换位置: * Two letters were accidentally transposed, and `hand' got printed as `hnad'. 有两个字母颠倒了, hand印成了hnad. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (up/down) (from sth) (into/to sth) (music 音) rewrite or play (a piece of music) in a different key 使（乐曲）变调: * transposing the song down to D minor 把这首歌曲降为D小调. 派生： transposition[7trAnspE'ziFn; 7trAnspE'ziFEn] n [C, U] (instance of) transposing or being transposed （位置的）互换; 变调.

transsexual
[trAnz'sekFuEl; trAnz'sekFuEl] n 1 person who emotionally feels himself or herself to be a member of the opposite sex 有异性转化欲的人. 2 person who has had his or her external sexual organs changed surgically in order to resemble the other sex （经外科手术）改变性别的人; 变性人.

transship
(also tranship)[trAn'Fip; trAns'Fip] v (-pp-) [Tn] transfer (cargo) from one ship, carrier, etc to another 将（货物）由一运载工具转到另一运载工具; 转运（货物）. > transshipment (also tranship-) n [U].

transubstantiation
[7trAnsEb7stAnFi'eiFn; 7trAnsEb7stAnFi'eFEn] n [U] (religion 宗) doctrine that the bread and wine in the Eucharist are changed by consecrationinto the body and blood of Christ, though their appearancedoes not change 变体（圣体礼所用的饼和葡萄酒在礼仪过程中变成基督的身体和血, 但外观并无变化）.

transverse
[5trAnzvE:s; trAnz'vEs] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] lying or acting in a crosswise direction 横的; 横向的; 横断的: * a transverse engine, ie one placed parallel to the axles of a car, instead of at right angles to them 横向发动机（与车轴平行装置的）. > transversely adv.

transvestism
[trAnz'vestizEm; trAnz'vestizEm] n [U] dressing in the clothing of the opposite sex, as a sexual tendency 异性装扮癖（穿着异性衣物的癖好）. 派生： transvestite/trAnz'vestait; trAnz'vestait] n person who does this 有异性装扮癖的人.

trap
[trAp; trAp] n 1 device for catching animals, etc 捕动物等的器具; 陷阱: * a `mouse-trap 老鼠夹 * a `fly-trap 捕蝇器 * lay/set a trap (for rabbits) 设置（捉兔子的）器具 * caught in a trap 落入陷阱. 2 (fig 比喻) (a) plan for capturing or detecting sb （为擒拿或侦获某人的）计策: * The thieves were caught in a police trap. 窃贼遭警方用计擒获. (b) trick or device to make sb betray himself, reveal a secret, etc （诱人暴露自己、 泄露秘密等的）圈套, 诡计: * You fell right into my trap. 你恰恰中了我的计. * Is this question a trap? 这个问题是不是个圈套? (c) unpleasant situation from which it is hard to escape （难以摆脱的）困境: * For some women marriage is a trap.对有的妇女来说, 婚姻就是一种甦绊. 3 U-shaped or S-shaped section of a drain-pipe that holds liquid and so prevents unpleasant gases entering from the drain 存水 弯（排水管道中的U形或S形弯管, 用以阻止臭气外溢）. 4 light two-wheeled carriage drawn by a horse or pony 轻便双轮马车. 5 (a) compartment from which a greyhound is released at the start of a race 赛狗开始时把狗放出的隔栏. (b) device for sending clay pigeons, balls, etc into the air to be shot at 抛靶器（可将泥鸽、 球等弹射至空中作为活靶）. 6 = trapdoor. 7 (sl 俚) mouth 嘴: * Shut your trap! 住嘴! 派生： trap v (-pp-) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] keep (sb) in a place from which he wants to move but cannot 使（某人）陷入困境: Help! I'm trapped open the door! 救命啊! 我出不来了--快开门! * They were trapped in the burning hotel. 他们被困在发生火灾的旅馆里. * The lift broke down and we were trapped inside (it). 电梯出故障了, 我们困在里面出不来. 2 [Tn] keep (sth) in a particular place, usu so that it can be easily removed, used later, etc 使（某物）留在某处（通常为易於除去、 以待使用等）: A filter traps dust from the air. 过滤网可存住空气中的尘埃.

trap1
* a special fabric that traps body heat 对体温有良好保暖性能的织物. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (into sth/doing sth) catch sb by a trick 用计捕捉某人或使某人上当: trapped into an unhappy marriage 陷入不幸的婚姻中 * I was trapped into telling the police all I knew. 我中计了, 把所知道的一切全都告诉了警方. 4 [Tn] catch (a creature) in a trap 用捕捉器捕捉（动物）: It'scruel to trap birds. 诱捕鸟是很残忍的. trapper n personwho traps animals, esp for their fur （用捕捉器）捕捉动物的人（尤指为获得毛皮）. 复合： ,trap`door (also trap) n door in a floor, ceiling or roof （地板、 天花板或房顶上的）活板门, 地板门, 活动天窗. `trap-shooting n [U] sport of shooting at objects released into the air from a trap(5b) 飞靶射击; 多向飞碟射击.

trapeze
[trE'pi:z; - trA-; trA'piz] n horizontal bar hung from ropes, used as a swing by acrobats and gymnasts 吊杠（杂技演员和体操运动员用的）.

trapezium
[trE'pi:ziEm; trE'piziEm] n (pl ~s) (geometry几) 1 (Brit) (US trapezoid) four-sided figure with one pair of opposite sides parallel and the other pair not 梯形. =>illus at quadrilateral 见quadrilateral插图. 2 (US) = trapezoid.

trapezoid
[5trApizCid; 5trApE7zCid] n (geometry 几) 1 (Brit) (US trapezium) four-sided figure in which nosides are parallel 不规则四边形. =>illus at quadrilateral见quadrilateral插图. 2 (US) = trapezium.

trappings
[5trApiNz; 5trApiNz] n [pl] outward signs of prestige, wealth, etc （威望、 财富等的）外部标志: * a big car, a country house, and all the other trappings of success 豪华汽车、 乡村别墅以及所有其他标志事业有成之物 * He had the trappings of high office but no real power. 他空有高官的派头却并无实权.

Trappist
[5trApist; 5trApist] n, adj (member) of an order of monks who live a very austere life and vow never to speak 特拉普派的, 苦修会的（修道士）（实行苦修, 坚守缄默）.

trash
[trAF; trAF] n [U] 1 material, writing, etc of poor quality 拙劣的材料、 作品等: * He thinks most modern artis trash. 他认为现代艺术大都是糟粕. 2 (US) householdor other waste; refuse 垃圾; 废物: * put out the trash 把垃圾拿出去. 3 (US infml derog 口, 贬) people that one does not respect 没出息的人: * white trash, ie poor or deprived white people 贫贱的白人. 派生： trashy adj of poor quality 拙劣的: trashy novels 无聊的小说. 复合： `trashcan n (US) = dustbin (dust1).

trauma
[5trC:mE; - 'traumE; 5traumE] n (pl ~s) [U, C] 1 (a) (psychology 心) emotional shock producing a lasting harmful effect （精神上的）创伤. (b) (infml 口) any distressing or unpleasant experience 痛苦; 不幸: * going through the traumas of divorce 经受离婚的痛苦.2 (medical 医) wound or injury 创伤; 外伤; 损伤. 派生： traumatic/trC:'mAtik; - trau-; trau'mAtik] adj 1 (psychology or medical 心或医) of or causing trauma（精神上或肉体上）创伤的, 造成创伤的; 外伤的. 2 (infml口) (of an experience) distressing or unpleasant （指经历）痛苦的, 不愉快的: * Our journey home was pretty traumatic. 我们归途中不太顺心. traumatically[-kli; -kli] adv.

travail
[5trAveil; - trE'veil; trE'vel] n [U] 1 (arch or rhet 古或修辞) painful effort 艰辛的努力. 2 (arch 古) pains of giving birth to a child （分娩的）阵痛.

travel
[5trAvl; 5trAvl] v (-ll-; US -l-) 1 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip, In/pr] make a journey 行走; 行驶; 旅行; 游历: * I love (to go) travelling. 我喜欢旅行. * We travelled all over the country. 我们游遍全国各地. * She travels to work by bike. 她骑自行车去上班. * We travelled over by car. 我们是坐汽车去的. * We had been travelling (for) over a week. 那时我们已经走了一个多星期了. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr]cover (a distance) in travelling; journey through, around,etc (an area) 行走、 行驶、 旅行或游历（一段距离）; 走过、 绕过...（某地区）: * He's travelled the whole world. 他游遍了世界各地. * travel forty miles to work each day 每天走四十英里去上班. =>Usage 见所附用法. 2 [I, Ipr, Ip] move; go 移动; 走: * Light travels faster than sound. 光比声音速度快. * News travels quickly these days. 近来消息传播得很快. * The billiard ball travelled gently across the table. 台球慢慢地滚过台面. * (fig 比喻) His mind travelled back to his youth. 他回想起自己青年时代. 3 [Ipr] ~ (in sth) (for sb) go from place to place as a salesman 巡回推销; 四处兜售: * He travels in carpets for a big London firm. 他为伦敦的一家大公司到处推销地毯. 4 [I] (of wine, etc) not be spoilt by long journeys （指葡萄酒等）经长途运输不变质的: * Lighter wines often travel badly. 低度葡萄酒往往经不起长途运输. 5 [I] (infml 口) move very fast 快速移动: * I don't know the car's exact speed, but it was certainly travelling. 我不知道那辆汽车的准确速度, 但确实非常快. 6 (idm 习语) travel `light (a) travel with as little luggage as possible 轻装上路. (b) (fig 比喻) try to avoid responsibilities, problems, etc 极力回避责任、 问题等. 派生： travel n 1 [U] travelling, esp abroad 行走, 行驶, 旅行（尤指出国）: the cost of travel 旅费 * Travel in the mountains can be slow and dangerous. 走山路有时候又慢又危险.

travel1
* [attrib 作定语] `travel books 游记. 2 travels[pl] journeys, esp abroad 旅游; （尤指）出国旅游: write an account of one's travels 写一部游记 * (joc 谑) If you see John on your travels (eg about town), tell him to ring me. 你在城里游逛时要是遇到约翰, 告诉他给我打个电话. => Usage at journey 用法见journey. 3 [U] extent, rate or type of movement of a mechanical part （机件的）行程, 冲程: There's too much travel on the brake, it needs tightening. 制动器太松了, 需要调紧. travelled (US traveled) adj (usu in compounds 通常用以构成复合词) 1 (of a person) having travelled to many places （指人）到过许多地方的: a well-/much-/widely-travelled journalist 见多识广的新闻工作者. 2 (of a road, etc) used by travellers （指道路等）旅行者使用的: The route was once much travelled but has fallen into disuse. 这条路线旅行的人以前常走, 但是现在已不用了. traveller (US traveler)[5trAvlE(r); 5trAvll] n 1 personwho is travelling or who often travels （常）出远门的人; 旅行者; 旅游者: * an experienced traveller 富有旅行经验的人. 2 travelling salesman 巡回推销员: * a commercial traveller 巡回推销员. 3 (Brit) gypsy or other itinerant person 吉卜赛人; 浪迹天涯的人. 4 (idm 习语) ,traveller's `tales stories, esp about places and people far away, which are fascinating but hard to believe 引人入胜但难以置信的故事; （尤指）海外奇谈. `traveller's cheque (US `traveler's check) cheque for a fixed amount, sold by a bank, etc and easily cashed in foreign countries 旅行支票. travelling (US traveling) adj [attrib 作定语]: a travelling circus 巡回演出马戏团 * a travelling clock, ieone in a case, for use when travelling 旅行钟 * `travellingexpenses 旅行费用. ,travelling `salesman representativeof a business firm who visits shops, etc to show products and get orders 巡回推销员.

travel2
travelogue (US also travelog)[5trAvElCg; - -lC:g;'trAvl7Cg] n film or lecture about travel 旅行记录影片; 旅行见闻讲座. 复合： `travel agent person whose job is making arrangementsfor people wishing to travel, eg buying tickets, making hotel reservations, etc 旅行代理人: I booked my holiday through my local travel agent. 我是由本地的旅游代理人预先安排的度假事宜. `travel agency (also `travel bureau) firm or office of travel agents 旅行社. `travel-sick adj feeling sick because of the movement of the vehicle in which one is travelling 晕车的; 晕船的; 晕机的. `travel-sickness n [U] NOTE ON USAGE 用法: The person who drives a car, bus or train is the person in control of it. 开汽车、 公共汽车或火车要用drive这个词. Similarly we ride a bicycle or horse, sail a boat or a ship (whether it sails or has an engine), and fly a plane. 骑自行车或骑马用ride, 驾船（或用帆或用发动机）用sail, 开飞机用fly. *We steer a car, bicycle or ship when we turn it in a particular direction. 改变汽车、 自行车或船的方向用steer. *When travelling as a passenger we ride in a car, bus or train, sail in a ship, and fly in a plane. 作为乘客, 坐汽车、 公共汽车或火车用ride in, 坐船用sail in, 坐飞机用fly in. When talking about means of transport we can use go by (car, boat/ship/sea, plane/air, bicycle, etc) 谈到交通工具, 用go by (car、 boat/ship/sea、 plane/air、 bicycle等): Are you going by sea or by air? 你打算坐船去还是坐飞机去? * He always comes to work by bus. 他总是坐公共汽车来上班.

traverse
[trE'vE:s; trE'vEs] v [Tn] travel, lie or extendacross (an area) 走过、 横贯或穿越（某地区）: * searchlightstraversing the sky 扫过天空的探照灯灯光 * skiers traversing the slopes 穿越斜坡的滑雪者 * The road traverses a wild and mountainous region. 这条公路穿过荒芜的山区. 派生： traverse n 1 part of a structure that lies across another （一结构中）横贯一物体的部件; 横梁; 横臂. 2 sideways movement across sth, esp (in mountaineering) across a rock face, etc; place where this is necessary to continue the ascent or descent （横越某物的）侧向运动（尤指爬山时的）; 需侧向行进之处.

travesty
[5trAvEsti; 5trAvEsti] n ~ (of sth) absurd imitation of or inferior substitute for sth 荒谬的模仿或拙劣的替代物: * The trial was a travesty of justice. 这次审判嘲弄了法律的公正性. 派生： travesty v (pt, pp -tied) [Tn] make or be a travesty of (sth) 荒谬地或拙劣地模仿或替代（某事物）: travestying sb's style of writing 拙劣地模仿某人的文笔.

trawl
[trC:l; trCl] n 1 (also `trawl-net) large net with a wide opening, dragged along the bottom of the sea by a boat （渔船用的）拖网. 2 (also `trawl line, `setline) (US) long fishing line, used at sea, to which many short lines with hooks are attached （海上捕鱼用的）排钩. 派生： trawl v 1 (a) [I, Ipr] ~ (for sth) fish with a trawl 用拖网或排钩捕鱼. (b) [Tn] fish (an area of water) in this way 在（某水域）用拖网或排钩捕鱼. 2 [Ipr, Tn]~ (through) sth (for sth) (fig 比喻) search through (records, etc) 查阅（档案等）: The police are trawling (through) their files for similar cases. 警方正在查阅类似案件的档案. trawler n boat used in trawling 拖网渔船.

tray
[trei; tre] n 1 flat piece of wood, metal, plastic, etc with raised edges, used for carrying or holding things, esp food 盘; 托盘: * a `tea-tray 茶盘 * Take her somebreakfast on a tray. 用托盘给她送些早餐. =>illus at App 1见附录1插图, page xvi. 2 shallow open receptacle for holding a person's papers, etc in an office （办公室用的）文件盘: * Letters were piled high in the tray on his desk. 他办公桌上的文件盘里有很多信.

treacherous
[5tretFErEs; 5tretFErEs] adj 1 behaving withor showing treachery 背叛的; 不忠的. 2 dangerous, esp when seeming to be safe 危险的（尤指貌似安全的）: * That ice is treacherous, ie not as strong or thick as it looks. 那冰并不像看上去的那麽结实. * treacherous currents 貌似和缓的湍流. 派生： treacherously adv. treachery[5tretFEri; 5tretFEri] n [C, U] (act of) betrayinga person or cause, esp secretly 背叛, 不忠（尤指秘密的）: * underhand treachery 暗地的背叛行为.

treacle
[5tri:kl; 5trikl] (US molasses) n [U] thick sticky dark liquid produced when sugar is refined 糖饴. Cf 参看 syrup. 派生： treacly[5tri:kli; 5trikli] adj 1 like treacle 似糖饴的. 2 (fig derog 比喻, 贬) unpleasantly sentimental; cloying 过分多情的; 甜得发腻的: * the treacly cliches of romantic fiction 传奇小说中令人腻烦的陈词滥调.

tread
[tred; tred] v (pt trod/trCd; trad] , pp trodden/ 5trCdn; `trBdn/ or trod) 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (on, etc sth/sb) (a) set one's foot down; walk or step 踩; 行走; 踏: * She trod lightly so as not to wake the baby. 她步子很轻, 以免惊醒孩子. * explorers going where no man had trod (ie been) before 前往杳无人迹之处的勘探者 * tread on sb's toe 踩在某人的脚趾上 * Mind you don't tread in that puddle. 小心, 别踩着那水坑. * (fig 比喻) It is a sensitive issue so we must tread (ie speak, proceed) carefully. 这是个敏感的问题, 绝不可掉以轻心. (b) (of a foot) be setdown （指脚）踩下, 踏下. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (in/down/out) press or crush sth with the feet 踩紧或踩碎某物: * tread grapes, ie to make wine 踩碎葡萄（制酒） * Don't tread your ash into my carpet! 别把你的烟灰踩到我的地毯里! * tread the earth down around the roots 把根部周围的泥土踩实 * tread out fire in the grass 把草地上的火踩灭. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] make (a path, etc) by walking 踩出（一条路等）: * The cattle had trodden a path to the pond. 牛群踩出了一条通往池塘的小径. 4 (idm 习语) ,tread the `boards (rhet or joc 修辞或谑) be an actor 当演员. ,tread on `air feel very happy 欢天喜地. ,tread on sb's `corns/`toes (infml 口) offend or annoy sb 冒犯或得罪某人: * I don't want to tread on anybody's toes so I won't say what I think. 我谁也不想得罪, 所以我不把想法说出来. ,tread on sb's `heels follow sb closely 紧跟某人. ,tread/,walk a `tightrope => tightrope. ,tread `water keep oneself upright in deep water by making treading movements with the legs 踩水（游泳动作）. 派生： tread n 1 [sing] manner or sound of walking 步法; 步态; 脚步声: walk with a heavy tread 脚步沉重地行走. 2 [C] upper surface of a step or stair （台阶或楼梯的）踏面, 梯面. 3 [C, U] outer grooved surface of a tyre that is in contact with the road （轮胎的）踏面, 胎面: Driving with worn tread(s) can be dangerous. 轮胎胎面磨损的汽车开着有危险.

tread1
复合： `treadmill n 1 mill-wheel turned by the weight of people or animals treading on steps round its inside edge (formerly worked by prisoners as a punishment) （人力或畜力的）踏车（旧时用以惩治囚犯）. 2 (fig 比喻) tiring or monotonous routine work; drudgery 累人的或单调的例行工作; 繁重乏味的工作: I can't get off the office treadmill. 我无法摆脱单调的坐班工作.

treadle
[5tredl; 5tredl] n lever worked by the foot to drive a machine, eg a lathe or sewing-machine （车床或缝纫机等的）踏板.

treas
abbr 缩写 = treasurer.

treason
[5tri:zn; 5trizn] n [U] treachery to one's country (eg by helping its enemies in wartime) or its ruler (eg by plotting to kill him) 叛国（如战时通敌）; 背叛, 叛逆（如阴谋弑逆）. > treasonable[5tri:zEnEbl; 5triznEbl] adj: * a treasonable offence, ie one that can be punished as treason 叛国罪. treasonably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv.

treasure
[5treVE(r); 5treVl] n 1 [C, U] (store of) gold, silver, jewels, etc 金银财宝; 财富: * buried treasure 埋藏的财宝. 2 [C esp pl 尤作复数] highly valued object 宝物; 珍宝; 珍品: * `art treasures 艺术珍品. 3 [C] person who is much loved or valued 极爱的人; 极有价值的人: * My dearest treasure! 我的宝贝儿! * Our new secretary is a perfect treasure. 我们新来的秘书十分能干. 派生： treasure v 1 [Tn] value (sth) highly 珍重, 珍爱（某事物）: treasure sb's friendship 珍视某人的情谊 * He treasures your letters. 他把你的信看得非常宝贵. 2 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) keep sth as precious or greatly loved 珍藏某事物: I shall always treasure the memory of our meetings. 我将永远记住我们相聚的情景. * treasure sthup in one's heart 将某事物铭记於心. treasurer[5treVErE(r);'treVErl] n person responsible for the money, bills, etc of a club or society （俱乐部或会社的）财务主管, 司库, 会计, 出纳. 复合： `treasure-house n building where treasure is stored 存放金银财宝的建 物. `treasure-hunt n (a) search for treasure 寻宝. (b) game in which players try to find a hidden object 寻宝游戏. `treasure trove/trEuv; trov] 1 treasure that is found hidden and whose owner is unknown 发现的无主财宝. 2 (fig 比喻) place, book, etc containing many useful or beautiful things 视为宝库的处所、 书等: * The gallery is a treasure trove of medieval art. 这个画廊是中世纪艺术的 宝库.

treasury
[5treVEri; 5treVEri] n 1 the Treasury [Gp](in Britain and some other countries) government department that controls public revenue （英国及其他一些国家的）财政部. 2 [C] place where treasure is stored 金银财宝存放处. 3 [C] (fig 比喻) book, etc containing items of great value or interest 内容极有价值或有意义的书等: * a treasury of poetic gems 诗歌精选. 复合： `Treasury bill 1 (Brit) bill of exchange issued by the government to raise money for temporary needs 国库券. 2 (US) investment issued by the government, valid for up to one year and bearing no interest 国库券.

treat
[tri:t; trit] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.n/a] ~ sb (as/like sth) act or behave in a certain way towards sb 对待某人: * They treat their children very badly. 他们对待子女很不好. * You should treat them with more consideration. 你应该多体谅他们一点. * Don't treat me as (if I were) an idiot. 别把我当傻瓜. 2 [Cn.n/a] ~ sth as sth consider sth in a certain way 把某事物看作; 视某事物为: * I decided to treat his remark as a joke, eg instead of being offended by it. 我把他的话当作玩笑话（如不为此生气）. 3 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] deal with or discuss (a subject)探讨, 讨论（问题）: * The problem has been better treated in other books. 这问题在其他书里说得更清楚. * The documentary treated the question in some detail. 这部记录片探讨这个问题有些深度. (b) [Ipr] ~ of sth (dated or fml 旧或文) (of a book, lecture, etc) be about sth （指书、 讲座等）论及某事物: * an essay treating of philosophicaldoubt 涉及哲学上有关怀疑的论文. 4 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth; ~ sb (for sth) give medical or surgical care to (a person or a condition) 医治（人或疾病）: * a new drug to treat rheumatism 治疗风湿病的新药 * Last year the hospital treated over forty cases of malaria. 去年这所医院医治了四十馀例疟疾病人. * She was treated for sunstroke.她因中暑接受治疗. 5 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) apply a process or a substance to sth to protect it, preserve it, etc （用防护措施或物质）处理某物: * wood treated with creosote 用杂酚油处理过的木材 * treat crops with insecticide 用杀虫剂处理作物. 6 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/oneself (to sth) give sb/oneself sth enjoyable, eg special food or entertainment, at one's own expense 以某事物（如食物或娱乐）款待某人或使自己获得享受: * She treated each of the children to an ice-cream. 她请孩子每人吃个冰激凌. * I decided to treat myself to a taxi, eg instead of walking. 我决定坐他一次计程车.

treat1
* We were treated to the unusual sight of the Prime Minister singing on TV. 我们有幸目睹首相上电视一展歌喉的难得场面. 7 [Ipr] ~ with sb (dated or fml 旧或文) negotiate with sb 与某人谈判: * The government refuses to treat with terrorists. 当局拒绝与恐怖分子谈判. 8 (idm 习语) treat sb like `dirt/a `dog (infml 口) treat sb with no respect at all 视某人如草芥: * They treat their workers like dirt. 他们把工人看得粪土不如. 派生： treat n 1 thing that gives great pleasure, esp sth unexpected or not always available 乐事, 乐趣（尤指意想不到的或难得的）: Smoked salmon what a treat! 吃熏大马哈鱼--那可太棒了! * Her son's visits are a greattreat for her. 她儿子来看望她, 她心里喜滋滋的. 2 act of treating (treat 6) sb to sth 款待; 招待; 请客: This is my treat, ie I'll pay. 这次我请客. 3 (idm 习语) a Dutch treat => Dutch. trick or treat => trick n. treatable adj: a treatable cancer 能治疗的癌症.

treatise
[5tri:tiz, -tis; 5tritis] n ~ (on sth) long written work dealing systematically with one subject （专题）论文.

treatment
[5tri:tmEnt; 5tritmEnt] n 1 [U] process or manner of treating sb or sth 对待的方法或态度; 待遇; 处理; 治疗: * undergoing medical treatment 接受治疗 * protesting against the brutal treatment of political prisoners 抗议对政治犯的残酷虐待 * Shakespeare's treatment of madness in `King Lear' 莎士比亚在《李尔王》中对疯癫的处理手法. 2 [C] thing done to relieve or cure an illness or a defect, etc 疗法; 处理方法: * a new treatment for cancer 癌症的新疗法 * an effective treatment for dry rot 防止乾腐病的有效方法. 3 (idm 习语) give sb/get preferential treatment => preferential.

treaty
[5tri:ti; 5triti] n 1 [C] formal agreement between two or more countries （国家之间的）条约, 协定: * the Treaty of Rome 罗马条约 * make/sign a `peace treaty with a neighbouring country 与邻国签订和平条约. 2 [U] formal agreement between people, esp for the purchase of property （人与人之间的）协议, 协商: * sell a house by private treaty, ie instead of by public auction, etc 私下商议出售房子（不经公开拍卖等方式）.

treble
1[5trebl; 5trebl] adj, n three times as much or as many 叁倍的; 叁重的: * a treble portion of ice-cream, ie three times as big as the normal one 叁倍分量的冰激凌 * He earns treble my salary. 他挣的钱是我的叁倍. 派生： treble v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become three times as much or as many （使某事物）增加到叁倍或增加两倍: He's trebled his earnings in two years. 他两年间收入已增加两倍. * The newspaper's circulation has trebled since last year. 去年以来该报的发行量已增加到原来的叁倍. 复合： ,treble `chance (Brit) football pool competition in which people try to predict whether certain matches will be draws or wins for the home team or wins for the away team 叁重彩（足球普尔赌博法, 赌某些比赛中的平局数或主队赢数或客队赢数）.

tree
[tri:; tri] n 1 large (usu tall) long-lasting type of plant, having a thick central wooden stem (the trunk) from which wooden branches grow, usu bearing leaves 树; 乔木: * an oak, ash, elm, etc tree 栎树、 树、 榆树 * We sheltered under the trees. 我们躲在树下. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page i. Cf 参看 bush, shrub. 2 (espin compounds 尤用以构成复合词) piece of wood or other material for certain purposes 有某用途的成块木头或其他材料: * a `shoe-tree 鞋楦. 3 (idm 习语) at the top of the tree => top1. bark up the wrong tree => bark2. not grow on trees => grow. not see the wood for the trees => wood. 派生： tree v (pt, pp treed) [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] force (a person or an animal) to climb up a tree for safety 迫使（人或动物）上树躲避. treeless adj without trees 无树的: a treeless plain 没有树的平原. 复合： `tree-fern n large fern with an upright woody stem 桫椤（高大的蕨类植物, 茎部挺直）. `tree-house n structure built in the branches of a tree, usu for children to play in or on 树上的小屋（建在树枝之间的, 通常供儿童游戏用）. `tree-line (also `timber-line) n level of land, eg on a mountain, above which trees will not grow 林木线（树木生长的上限, 如山上的）. `tree-top n (esp pl 尤作复数) branches at the very top of a tree 树梢: birds nesting in the tree-tops 在树梢上 巢的鸟儿.

trefoil
[5trefCil; 5trifCil] n 1 any of various types of plant with three leaves on each stem (eg clover) 叁叶草（如车轴草）. 2 ornament or design shaped like such a leaf 叁叶形装饰或图案.

trek
[trek; trek] n long hard journey, esp on foot 艰辛的路程（尤指徒步的）. 派生： trek v (-kk-) [I, Ipr, Ip] make such a journey 艰难地行走: trekking for days across the desert 行走数日穿过沙漠.

trellis
[5trelis; 5trelis] n [C, U] light framework of crossing strips of wood, plastic, etc used esp to support climbing plants and often fastened to a wall 格子棚架（用木头、 塑料等搭成, 尤用於支撑攀缘植物, 通常固定在墙上）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page vii.

tremble
[5trembl; 5trembl] v 1 (a) [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth)shake involuntarily (from fear, cold, weakness, etc); quiver（因恐惧、 寒冷、 虚弱等）颤抖, 战栗, 哆嗦: * trembling hands 颤抖的手 * His voice trembled with rage. 他气得声音都颤抖了. * We were trembling with excitement. 我们兴奋得颤抖起来. (b) [I] shake slightly 轻轻摇晃; 颤动: * leaves trembling in the breeze 在微风中摇晃的叶子 * The bridge trembled as the train sped across it. 火车过桥 时速度很快, 震得桥身直颤. 2 [I, Ipr, It] be very anxious or agitated 焦虑; 担心; 不安: * I tremble at the thought of what may happen. 我想到可能出现的情况就不寒而栗. * She trembled to think what might have happened to him. 她想到他可能遇到的情况就十分担心. 3 (idm 习语) in fear and trembling => fear1. 派生： tremble n feeling, movement or sound of trembling; tremor 内心的战栗; 颤抖的动作或声音; 震颤: There was a tremble in his voice. 他的声音有点颤抖. * (infml 口) She was all of a tremble, ie trembling all over. 她浑身哆嗦. trembler[5tremblE(r); 5trembll] n spring that makes an electrical contact when shaken （继电器的）振颤片. trembly[5trembli; 5trembli] adj (infml 口) trembling 颤抖的; 战栗的; 哆嗦的: * I felt all trembly. 我浑身哆嗦.

tremendous
[tri5mendEs; tri5mendEs] adj 1 very great; immense 极大的; 巨大的: * a tremendous explosion 极大的爆炸声 * travelling at a tremendous speed 高速行进 * It makes a tremendous difference to me. 这对我来说差别极大. * They had the most tremendous row. 他们吵得天翻地覆. 2 (infml 口) very good; extraordinary 极好的; 不平常的; 格外的: * a tremendous film, pianist, experience了不起的影片、 钢琴家、 经历 * He's a tremendouswalker, ie He walks a lot. 他很能走路. > tremendouslyadv: * tremendously pleased 极其高兴.

tremolo
[5tremElEu; 5tremE7lo] n (pl ~s) (music 音) trembling or vibrating sound made by playing a stringed instrument or singing in a special way （弦乐器的或歌唱的）颤音. Cf 参看 vibrato.

tremor
[5tremE(r); 5treml] n 1 slight shaking or trembling 轻轻摇晃; 颤动; 颤抖: * There was a tremor in her voice. 她的声音有点颤抖. * `earth tremors, eg during an earthquake 地面颤动（如地震时）. 2 thrill 发抖; 激动; 兴奋: * tremors of fear, delight, anxiety, etc 阵阵恐惧、 喜悦、 焦虑等.

tremulous
[5tremjulEs; 5tremjElEs] adj (fml 文) 1 tremblingfrom nervousness or weakness （因紧张或体弱）颤抖的, 震颤的, 战栗的, 哆嗦的: * in a tremulous voice 以颤抖的声音 * with a tremulous hand 用颤抖的手. 2 timid or uncertain 胆怯的; 不确定的: * a tremulous look 怯生生的样子. > tremulously adv.

trench
[trentF; trentF] n ditch dug in the ground, eg for drainage or to give troops shelter from enemy fire 沟;渠; 堑壕; 战壕: * irrigation trenches 灌溉渠 * The workmendug a trench for the new water-pipe. 工人挖了一条沟敷设新水管. * [attrib 作定语] trench warfare 堑壕战. 派生： trench v [Tn] dig a trench or trenches in (the ground) 在（地）上开沟或挖战壕. 复合： `trench coat belted coat or raincoat with pockets and flaps in the style of a military coat （军装式）大衣, 雨衣（有腰带、 口袋及口袋盖）.

trenchant
[5trentFEnt; 5trentFEnt] adj (of comments, arguments, etc) strongly and effectively expressed; penetrating （指言论、 论据等）有力的, 有效的, 尖锐的: * trenchant wit, criticism 犀利的机智言词、 批评. > trenchantly adv.

trencher
[5trentFE(r); 5trentFl] n (arch 古) (formerly) large wooden plate on which food was served or carved （旧时）（盛食物或切食物用的）大木盘. 派生： trencherman[-mEn; -mEn] n (pl -men[-mEn;-mEn] ) (idm 习语) a good, etc trencherman (joc 谑) person who usually eats a lot 胃口大的人.

trend
[trend; trend] n 1 general tendency or direction 趋势; 趋向; 动向: * The trend of prices is still upwards. 物价仍有上涨趋势. * a growing trend towards smaller families 家庭日益小型化的趋势 * contemporary trends in psychiatry 当今精神病学的动态 * following the latest trends in fashion 追求最新的流行款式. 2 (idm 习语) ,set a/the `trend start a style, practice, fashion, etc that others copy 开风气之先; 带领新潮流. 派生： trend v [Ipr, Ip] show a particular tendency 显示某种趋向: house prices trending upwards 有上涨趋势的房价. trendy adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) showing or following the latest trends of fashion 时髦的; 赶时髦的: trendyclothes 时髦衣物 * (derog 贬) trendy intellectuals, ie oneswho do not examine new ideas carefully 赶浪头的知识分子（盲目追求新思潮者）. n (Brit infml esp derog 口, 尤作贬义) trendy person 赶时髦的人: middle-aged trendies 赶时髦的中年人. trendily adv. trendiness n [U]. 复合： `trend-setter n person who leads the way in fashion, etc 新潮倡导人. `trend-setting adj [attrib 作定语]: a trend-setting film 带领新潮流的影片.

trepan
[tri5pAn; tri5pAn] v (-nn-) [Tn] (medical 医) = trephine. 派生： trepan n 1 (medical 医) early form of trephine （早期的）环钻, 环锯. 2 (engineering 工) bore for drilling a mine shaft 钻井机.

trephine
[tri5fi:n; - -'fain; tri5fain] v [Tn] (medical 医) (also trepan) cut a (small hole) in sb's skull or the cornea of the eye 在人的颅骨或眼睛角膜上开（小孔）. 派生： trephine n (medical 医) surgeon's cylindrical saw used for this （做以上手术用的）环钻, 环锯.

trepidation
[7trepi'deiFn; 7trepE'deFEn] n [U] great worry or fear about sth unpleasant that may happen （担心可能出事的）惊恐, 恐慌: * The threat of an epidemic caused great alarm and trepidation. 流行病猖獗因而人心惶惶.

trespass
[5trespEs; 5trespEs] v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (on sth) enter sb's land or property without his permission or other authority 非法侵入某人地界: * He accused me of trespassing on his estate. 他控告我擅自进入他的庄园. * No trespassing, ie as a warning sign. 严禁擅自进入（告示用语）. 2 [Ipr] ~ on sth (fml 文) take advantage of sth in a selfish way; use sth unreasonably 侵占或无理使用某事物: * trespass on sb's time/hospitality/privacy 占用某人的时间[利用某人的好客之情/侵扰某人的个人自由]. 3 [I, Ipr] ~ (against sb) (arch or Bible 古或《圣经》) do wrong; sin 犯过失; （在宗教或道德方面）犯罪. 派生： trespass n 1 (a) [U] trespassing 非法侵入: the law of trespass 有关非法侵入的法律. (b) [C] act or instance of this 非法侵入的行为: an accidental trespass 并非有意的非法侵入. 2 [C] (arch or Bible 古或《圣经》) sin; wrongdoing 罪过; 过失. trespasser n person who trespasses 非法侵入的人: Trespassers will be prosecuted, eg on a notice. 闲人莫入, 违者必究（告示用语）.

tress
[tres; tres] n (fml 文) 1 [C] lock of a person's hair 一绺头发. 2 tresses [pl] long hair, esp of a woman 长发（尤指女子的）: * combing her dark tresses 梳理着她那长长的黑发.

trestle
[5tresl; 5tresl] n structure of wood, metal, etc withlegs, used in pairs to support planks, a table-top, a bench,etc （放置木板、 桌面、 坐板等的）支架, 条凳（成对使用）. 复合： ,trestle-`table n table supported on trestles 用支架支撑的桌子.

trews
[tru:z; truz] n [pl] close-fitting tartan trousers 格子呢紧身裤: * a pair of trews 一条格子呢紧身裤.

tri-
pref 前缀 (with ns and adjs 与名词和形容词结合) three; triple 叁; 叁倍; 叁重: triangle * tricolour * trilingual.Cf 参看 bi-, di-.

triad
[5traiAd; 5traiAd] n 1 group or set of three related people or things 叁人或叁物的组合. 2 (also Triad) Chinese secret organization involved in criminal activities叁合会.

trial
[5traiEl; 5traiEl] n 1 [C, U] examination of evidence in a lawcourt, by a judge and often a jury, to decide if sb accused of a crime is innocent or guilty 审问; 审讯; 审理; 审判: * The trial lasted a week. 审讯持续了一个星期. * trial by jury 陪审 * commit sb for trial, ie send sb to prison, for later trial 将某人拘押候审 * The defendant claimed that he had not had a fair trial. 被告声称未获公正审讯. * The case comes to trial/comes up for trial (iewill be tried) next month. 该案将於下月开庭审理. 2 [C,U] (act or process of) testing the ability, quality, performance, etc of sb or sth （对能力、 质量、 性能等 的）测试, 试验, 考验: * give job applicants a trial 对求职者进行测试 * put a car through safety trials 对汽车进行安全性能试验 * a trial of strength, ie a contest to see who is stronger 力气的较量 * The new drug has undergone extensive medical trials. 这种新药已做了大量的医学试验. * [attrib 作定语] for trial purposes 为了试验的目的 * employ sb for a trial period 雇用某人试用一段时间 * a trial separation, ie of a couple whose marriage is indifficulties 试验性分居（婚姻关系出现裂痕时的）. 3 [C]sports match to test the ability of players who may be selected for an important team （挑选运动员的）预赛, 选拔赛. 4 [C] ~ (to sb) troublesome or irritating person or thing that one must endure （不得不容忍的）讨厌的人或事物: * Her child is a trial to his teachers. 她的孩子让老师很伤脑筋. * life's trials 生活中的磨难. 5 (idm习语) go on `trial/stand `trial (for sth) be tried in a lawcourt 受审判: * She went on/stood trial for murder. 她因涉及谋杀罪而受审. on `trial being examined andtested 在试验中; 在测试中: * Take the machine on trial fora week. 把这机器试验一星期. * (fig 比喻) Democracy itself is on trial as the country prepares for its first free elections. 这个国家准备进行首次自由选举, 民主制度本身正面临考验. put sb/be on `trial

trial1
(for sth) (cause sb to) be accused and examined in a lawcourt （使某人）被控告并受审: * She was put on trial for fraud. 她因涉及诈骗罪而受审. * He's on trial for his life. 他正在受决定他生死的审判. ,trial and `error process of solving a problem by trying various solutions and learning from one's failures 反覆试验, 从失败中找出解决办法: * learn by trial and error 通过反覆试验学习 * [attrib 作定语]trial-and-error methods 反覆试验法. ,trials and `tribulationsirritations and troubles 烦躁和苦恼. 复合： ,trial `run preliminary test of the quality, effectiviness,ability, etc of sth or sb （对质量、 性能、 能力等的）初步测试: Take the car for a trial run to see if you like it. 试试那辆汽车, 看看你是否满意. * The programme was given a trial run to gauge viewers' reactions. 该节目进行了试演以了解观众的反应. * She's taking the exam a year early, just as a trial run (for the real thing). 她提前一年参加考试, 算是（正式考试的）试考.

triangle
[5traiANgl; 5trai7ANgl] n 1 geometric figure withthree straight sides and three angles 叁角形. 2 thing shaped like this 叁角形的物体: * a scarf made of a triangle of blue silk 用蓝绸子做的叁角形围巾 * a triangle of grass beside the path 路边的叁角形草地 * benches arranged in a triangle 排成叁角形的长凳. 3 (music 音) percussion instrument consisting of a steel rod bent in the shape of a triangle and struck with another steel rod 叁角铁（一种打击乐器）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xi. 4 situation involving three people, ideas, opinions, etc 含有叁个（人、 主意、 想法等）的情况: * a love triangle 叁角恋爱. 5 (idm 习语) the eternal triangle => eternal. 派生： triangular/trai'ANgjulE(r); trai'ANgjEll] adj 1 shaped like a triangle 似叁角形的. 2 involving three people 涉及叁人的: * a triangular contest in an election, ie one with three candidates 竞选中叁位候选人的角逐.

tribal
[5traibl; 5traibl] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of a tribe or tribes 部落的: * tribal loyalties, dances, gods, wars 对部落的效忠、 部落的舞蹈、 部落崇拜的神 、 部落之间的战争. 派生： tribalism[5traibElizEm; 5traiblizm] n [U] 1 state ofbeing organized in a tribe or tribes 部落制度. 2 behaviourand attitudes that result from belonging to a tribe 部落人的习性.

tribe
[traib; traib] n 1 racial group (esp in a primitive or nomadic culture) united by language, religion, customs, etc and living as a community under one or more chiefs 部落: * Zulu tribes 祖鲁人的部落 * the twelve tribes of ancient Israel 早期以色列人十二支族. 2 group of related animals or plants （动植物的）族. 3 (often pl 常作复数) (infml esp joc 口, 尤作戏谑语) large number of people 大帮（人）: * tribes of holiday-makers 大群的度假的人 * What a tribe (ie large family) they've got! 他们这一家人口真多! 4 (usu derog 通常作贬义) set or class of people 一伙（人）; 一类（人）: * I hate the whole tribe of politicians. 我很不喜欢政客. 复合： `tribesman[-zmEn; -zmEn] n (pl -men[-mEn;-mEn] ) member of a tribe(1) 部落成员.

tribulation
[7tribju'leiFn; 7tribjE'leFEn] n 1 [C, U] (rhet 修辞) (sad event, accident, illness, etc that causes) great trouble or suffering 忧患; 苦难; 带来极大困难或痛苦的伤心事、 事故、 病痛等: * He bore his tribulations bravely. 他勇敢地忍受着困苦. * a time of great tribulation 极苦难的时期. 2 (idm 习语) trials and tribulations => trial.

tribunal
[trai'bju:nl; trai'bjunl] n [CGp] group of officials with the authority to settle certain types of dispute （被授权解决某种纠纷的）审理团; 特别法庭: * a rent tribunal, ie one hearing appeals against high rents 租务裁判处（受理对高租金提起的申诉） * (fig 比喻) the tribunal of public opinion 舆论的公断.

tributary
[5tribjutri; - -teri; 5tribjE7teri] n river or stream that flows into a larger one or into a lake （河川或湖泊的）支流: * The Avon is a tributary of the Severn. 埃文河是塞文河的支流. 派生： tributary adj 1 ~ (to sth) (of a river or stream) flowing in this way （指河川）支流的: rivers tributary to the Thames 泰晤士河的支流. 2 [attrib 作定语] (of a country or ruler) paying tribute(3) to another （指国家或统治者）纳贡的, 进贡的.

tribute
[5tribju:t; 5tribjut] n 1 [C, U] action, statement or gift that is meant to show one's respect or admiration 表示敬意或称赞的行动、 言语或礼物: * floral tributes, ie gifts of flowers 献礼的花 * Tributes to the dead leader have been received from all around the world. 世界各地的人们向已故领袖表示哀悼. * The mourners stood in silent tribute as the coffin was laid to rest. 灵柩下葬时, 送葬者默立致哀. 2 [sing] a ~ (to sth) indication of the effectiveness of sth 有效性的标示: * His recovery is a tribute to the doctors' skill. 他能够康复充分说明该医师医术高超. 3 [C, U] (esp formerly) payment made by one country or ruler to another, esp to avoid war （尤指旧时）（一国向他国交纳的）贡品, 贡金, 贡（尤指为避免战争）. 4 (idm 习语) pay tribute to sb/sth => pay2.

trice
[trais; trais] n (idm 习语) in a trice very quickly or suddenly 立即; 瞬息间; 突然间: * I'll be with you in a trice. 我马上就来. * In a trice, he was gone. 一转眼他就走了.

triceps
[5traiseps; 5trai7seps] n (pl unchanged 复数不变) large muscle at the back of the upper arm 叁头肌. Cf 参看 biceps.

trick
[trik; trik] n 1 thing done in order to deceive or outwit sb 诡计; 计谋; 花招; 骗术: * play a trick on sb 对某人施用诡计 * We need a trick to get past the guards. 我们需要用计骗过岗哨. * You can't fool me with that old trick! 你玩弄那种老花招骗不了我! * (fig 比喻) a trick of the light, ie that makes one see sth that is not there 光线引起的幻觉 * [attrib 作定语] a `trick question 骗人的问题 * `trick photography 特技摄影. 2 exact or best way of doing sth; particular technique 诀窍; 技巧; 技艺: * The trick is to hold your breath while you aim. 窍门就在於瞄准时须屏住呼吸. * I can't open the box is there a trick to it? 这箱子我打不开--有什麽好办法吗? * before artists had mastered the tricks of perspective 在画画的人掌握透视画法以前 * I've never learnt the trick of making friends easily. 我一向不擅长轻易交上朋友. 3 skilful act performed for entertainment, esp one involving illusion 戏法; 把戏; （尤指）魔术手法: * conjuring tricks 变戏法 * Let me show you some card tricks. 我来给你表演一些纸牌戏法. * She had trained her dog to do tricks, eg to stand on its hind legs. 她把狗训练得能表演杂技动作（如用後腿站立）. 4 characteristic habit; mannerism 特殊习惯; 习性; 毛病: * He has an annoying trick of saying `You know?’ after every sentence. 他有个讨厌的口头语, 每句话後面都要来个‘你知道吗?’ * My car has developed a trick of stalling on steep hills. 我的汽车出了个毛病, 一上山坡就熄火. 5 (cards played in) one round of a card-game （纸牌游戏的）一圈, 一墩, 一圈所打的牌, 一墩牌: * take/win a trick, ie win a round 赢一墩牌 * How many tricks did we lose? 我们输了几墩了? 6 (idm 习语) be up to one's (old) `tricks (infml 口) be acting in a characteristic way that sb disapproves of 施展让某人不悦的惯技: * Half my money's gone -- you've been up to your tricks again, haven't you? 我的钱少了一半--又是你干的, 对不对? do the job/trick => job. every/any trick in the `book every/any trick that can be used to achieve what one wants 每一种[各种]着数或计谋:

trick1
* I tried every trick in the book but I still couldn't persuade them. 我使尽了浑身解数也劝不动他们. * He'll use any trick in the book to stop you. 他一定千方百计阻止你. have a `trick up one's sleeve have an idea, plan, etc that can be used if it becomes necessary 必要时可用的主意、 计画等; 袖里玄机; 袖里的鬼招儿. how's `tricks? (sl 俚) how are you? 你好吗? not/never miss a trick => miss3. teach an old dog new tricks => teach. ,trick or `treat (esp US) (phrase said by children who call at houses on Hallowe'en to receive sweets, etc and threaten mischief if they do not receive any 万圣节前夕儿童挨家索要糖果等的用语, 谓若不给则搞恶作剧). the ,tricks of the `trade (a) clever ways of doing things, known to and used by experts （内行人的）诀窍, 窍门. (b) ways of attracting customers, gaining advantages over rivals, etc 吸引顾客、 在竞争中取胜等的手段; 生意经: * She's only been with us a month so she's still learning the tricks of the trade. 她到我们这里才一个月, 还正在学习行内乾坤. the whole bag of tricks => whole. 派生： trick v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] deceive (sb) 欺骗, 欺诈（某人）: You've been tricked. 你受骗了. 2 [Tn.pr] (a) ~ sb into sth/doing sth cause sb to do sth by means of a trick 用计诱使某人做某事: She tricked him into marriage/into marrying her. 她施了个巧计诱他娶她为妻. (b) ~ sb out of sth cause sb to lose sth by means of a trick; swindle 骗走某人的某物; 诈骗: Her partner tried to trick her out of her share. 她的合伙人企图骗走她的股份. 3 (phr v) trick sb/sth out/up (in/with sth) decorate or ornament sb/sth 打扮或装饰某人[某物]: tricked herself out in all her finery 把她自己竭尽所能打扮起来. trickery[-Eri; -Eri] n [U] deception; cheating 欺骗; 欺诈; 施诡计; 耍花招. trickster[-stE(r); -stl] n person who tricks or cheats people; swindler 耍花招的人; 骗子.

trick2
tricky adj (-ier, -iest) (a) (of work, etc) requiring skill or tact （指工作等）需要技巧或智谋的: a tricky situation, problem, decision 需慎重对待的情况、 需慎重处理的问题、 需慎重做出的决定. (b) (of people or their actions) crafty; deceptive （指人及人的行为）诡计多端的, 欺骗的: He's a tricky fellow to do business with. 他诡计多端难以共事. trickily adv. trickiness n [U].

trickle
[5trikl; 5trikl] v 1 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (cause sth to) flow in a thin stream （使某物）成小股流动: * Blood trickled from the wound. 血液从伤口中流出. * tears trickling down her cheeks 顺着她的面颊流下的泪水 * trickle oil into the mixture bit by bit 把油一点点地注入混合物中. 2 [Ipr, Ip] come or go somewhere slowly or gradually 慢慢地或渐渐地来或去: * people trickling into the hall 缓缓进入大厅的人们 * The ball trickled into the hole. 那球慢慢地滚进洞内. * News is starting to trickle out. 消息逐渐传出. 派生： trickle n 1 thin flow of liquid 小股水流; 涓涓细流: The stream is reduced to a mere trickle in summer. 夏天那小河水量减少, 成了涓涓细流. 2 (usu sing 通常作单数) ~ (of sth) small amount coming or going slowly 缓慢来的或离去的少量事物: a trickle of information 一点一点来的少量信息. 复合： `trickle charger device for the slow continuous charging of an accumulator 涓流充电器（使蓄电池缓慢而连续充电的装置）.

tricolour
(US tricolor)[5trikElE(r); - 'traikQlEr;'trai7kQll] n 1 [C] flag with three colours in stripes 叁色旗. 2 the Tricolour [sing] the French national flag, with vertical blue, white and red stripes 法国国旗.

tricycle
[5traisikl; 5traisikl] (also infml 口语作 trike) n vehicle like a bicycle but with one wheel at the front and two at the back 叁轮脚踏车.

trident
[5traidnt; 5traidnt] n spear with three points (carried by Neptune and Britannia as a symbol of powerover the sea) 叁叉戟（尼普顿海神及不列颠女神所执, 为海权象徵）.

tried
pt, pp of try1.

triennial
[trai'eniEl; trai'eniEl] adj lasting for or happening every three years 持续叁年的; 每叁年一次的. > triennially[-niEli; -niEli] adv: * The games occur triennially. 运动会每叁年举行一次.

trier
=> try1.

trifle
[5traifl; 5traifl] n 1 [C] thing, question or activity that has little value or importance 无多大价值或重要性的事物、 问题或活动: * I bought a few trifles as souvenirs. 我买了些零碎的纪念品. * It's silly to quarrel over trifles. 为鸡毛蒜皮的小事争吵真不值得. * He spends all his time on crosswords and other trifles. 他把所有的时间都用在做纵横填字游戏和其他无聊的活动上. 2 [C] small amount of money 少量的钱: * It cost a mere trifle. 值不了多少钱. 3 [C, U] sweet dish made of sponge-cake and sometimes fruit, usu soaked in wine or jelly, and topped with custard and cream 松糕点心（用蛋糕做成的甜食, 有时带水果, 通常浸於酒中或果冻中, 上浇蛋奶沙司和奶油）. 4 (idm 习语) a trifle slightly; rather 稍微; 有点儿: * This dress is a trifle short. 这件连衣裙稍短了点. * Isn't the meat a trifle tough? 这肉有点老吧? * Try turning the key a trifle (more). 你试试把钥匙再（多）转一点儿. 派生： trifle v [Ipr] ~ with sb/sth treat sb/sth lightly or casually; toy with sb/sth 轻视或随便对待某人[某事物]; 心不在焉地考虑或处理某人[某事物]: He's not a man to be trifled with, ie He must be treated with respect.他这人可小看不得. * (fml 文) Its wrong of you to trifle with her affections, ie make her think you love her when you don't. 你玩弄她的感情是不对的. trifling[5traifliN; 5traifliN] adj unimportant; trivial 不重要的; 琐碎的: * a few trifling errors 一些小错误 * This is no trifling matter,ie It is serious. 这可不是小事. trifler[5traiflE(r); 5traifll] n person who trifles 轻视或随便对待某人[某事物]的人.

trigger
[5trigE(r); 5trigl] n lever that releases a spring, esp so as to fire a gun （释放弹簧的）扳柄; （尤指枪的）扳机: * squeeze the trigger 扣扳机 * have one's finger on the trigger, ie be ready to shoot 手指触及扳机（准备射击）. =>illus at gun 见gun插图. 派生： trigger v [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (off) be the cause of a sudden (often) violent reaction; set an action or a process in motion 成为突然发生的（常为激烈的）反应的原因; 发动; 引发: The riots were triggered (off) by a series of police arrests. 警方一连串的逮捕行动激发了暴乱. * The smoke triggered off the alarm. 这些烟把警报器触响了. 复合： `trigger-happy adj (infml derog 口, 贬) ready to react violently, esp by shooting, even when only slightly provoked 爱做出激烈反应的; （尤指）动辄开枪的.

trigonometry
[7trigE'nCmEtri; 7trigE'namEtri] n [U] branch of mathematics dealing with the relationship between the sides and angles of triangles, etc 叁角学.> trigonometric, -metrical[7trigEnE'metrik, -kl;7trigEnE'metrik, -kl] adjs. trigonometrically[-kli; -kli] adv.

trike
[traik; traik] n (infml 口) = tricycle.

trilateral
[7trai'lAtErEl; trai'lAtErEl] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] involving three sides, groups, countries, etc 涉及叁个方面、 团体、 国家等的; 叁边的: * ,trilateral di`scussions 叁方之间的商讨 * a ,trilateral a`greement 叁边协定. > trilaterally adv.

trilby
[5trilbi; 5trilbi] n man's soft felt hat with a narrow brim and the top part hollowed from front to back （男用）软毡帽.

trilingual
[7trai'liNgwEl; trai'liNgwEl] adj speaking or using three languages 能说叁种语言的; 使用叁种语言的.

trill
[tril; tril] n 1 vibrating sound made by the voice or in bird song （人或鸟发出的）颤动声. 2 (music 音) (sound of) two notes a tone or a semitone apart being played or sung several times one after the other （音的）颤动; 颤音. 3 speech sound made by pronouncing `r' while vibrating the tongue （舌的）颤音, 颤动辅音. 派生： trill v [I, Ip, Tn] 1 sound or sing (a musical note) with a trill 用颤音发声; 用颤音唱（某乐音）: The canary was trilling away in its cage. 那只金丝雀在笼中鸣啭. 2 pronounce (a letter) with a trill 用颤音发（某字母）的音; 发某字母的颤音.

trillion
[5triliEn; 5triljEn] n, pron, det 1 (Brit) (the number) 1000000000000000000; one million million million一百亿亿（个）. =>App 4 见附录4. 2 (US) (the number)1000000000000; one million million 一万亿（个）. =>App 4 见附录4. > trillionth[5triliEnW; 5triljEnW] n, pron, det. For the use of trillion and trillionth see the examples at hundred and hundredth. 关於trillion和trillionth的用法见hundred和hundredth词条中的示例.

trilobite
[5trailEbait; 5trailE7bait] n extinct sea animal found as a fossil 叁叶虫（已绝灭的海洋动物, 仅存化石）.

trilogy
[5trilEdVi; 5trilEdVi] n group of three related works, esp three novels or operas 叁部曲（尤指小说或歌剧）.

trim
2/trim; trim] v (-mm-) 1 (a) [Tn, Tn.p] make (sth) neat or smooth by cutting away irregular parts （藉切除不规则的部分）使（某物）整齐或光滑; 整修, 修剪（某物）: * trim the top of a hedge 修剪树篱 * trim one's beard (back) 修胡子. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (off sth/off) remove sth or reduce sth by cutting （用切、 割、 剪、 砍等方式）除去或削减某物: * The article's too long. Can you trim it (by a quarter)? 这篇文章太长. 你能删减（四分之一）吗? * Please trim the excess fat off (the meat). 请把过多的肥膘（从肉上）切掉. * I trimmed an inch off the hem of this skirt 我把这条裙子的下摆剪短了一英寸. * We had to trim a lot off our travel budget. 我们当时只好大量削减旅行预算. =>Usage at clip2 用法见clip2.2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) decorate or ornament sth 装饰某物: * trim a dress with lace 用花边装饰连衣裙 * a hat trimmed with flowers 用花装饰的帽子. 3 [Tn] make (a boat, a ship or an aircraft) evenly balanced by arranging the position of the cargo or passengers 调整货物或乘客的位置使（船或飞机）平稳. 4 [Tn] set (sails) to suit the wind 调整（船帆）以适应风向. 派生：trim n 1 [C usu sing 通常作单数] trimming of hair, etc 修剪毛发等: The lawn needs a trim. 草坪得修剪了. 2 [C, U] decorations or fittings for clothes, furniture, etc （衣物、 家具等的）饰物或配件: a yard of gold trim 一码的金色边饰 * The car is available with black or red trim, ie upholstery, etc. 这种汽车的装修（即坐具等）有黑色的也有红色的. 3 (idm 习语) be in/get into `trim be/get ready or fit 准备好; 健康适宜: in good, proper, excellent, etc trim 身体好、 健康、 极佳等 * She's got a month to get into trim for the race. 她参加径赛前有一个月的准备时间. trimmer n person or thing that trims 做修剪或装饰等工作的人或工具: an electric hedge trimmer 电动树篱修剪机.

trim1
trimming n 1 [U, C] material, eg lace or tinsel, used todecorate sth 装饰材料（如花边或金属箔）. 2 trimmings[pl] (a) pieces cut off when sth is trimmed 修剪下来的东西: pastry trimmings 切下的油酥面团的多馀部分. (b) usual accompaniments of sth; extras 通常的伴随物或附加物; 额外的事物: roast turkey and all the trimmings, ie vegetables, stuffing, sauces, etc 烤火鸡及各种配料（蔬菜、 填料、 沙司等）.

trimaran
[5traimErAn; 5traimE7rAn] n boat built like a catamaran but with three parallel hulls instead of two 叁体船（有叁个平行的船身）.

trinitrotoluene
[7trai7naitrEu'tCljui:n; trai7naitro'talju7in] n [U] => TNT.

trinity
[5trinEti; 5trinEti] n 1 (fml 文) group of three things or people; trio 叁个事物或叁个人的一组; 叁件的一套; 叁人小组; 叁合一. 2 the Trinity (in Christianity) the union of Father, Son and Holy Spirit as one God （基督教教义中的）叁位一体（圣父、 圣子及圣灵合为上帝）. 复合： ,Trinity `Sunday Sunday after Whit Sunday 叁一节（圣灵降临节後的第一个星期日）.

trinket
[5triNkit; 5triNkit] n small ornament, piece of jewellery, etc of little value 廉价的小装饰品、 首饰等.

trio
[5tri:Eu; 5trio] n (pl ~s) 1 [CGp] group of three people or things 叁个人或叁个事物的一组; 叁人小组;叁件一套; 叁合一. 2 [C, CGp] (music 音) (compositionfor a) group of three players or singers 叁重奏小组; 叁重唱小组; 叁重奏曲; 叁重唱曲: * a piano trio, eg for piano, violin and cello 钢琴叁重奏（如由钢琴、 小提琴及大提琴组成的）.

trip
[trip; trip] v (-pp-) 1 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (over/up) catch one's foot on sth and stumble or fall 绊; 绊倒: * She tripped (over the cat) and fell. 她（让猫）绊了一跤. * Be careful you don't trip (up) on the mat. 小心别在地席上绊倒了. * I tripped over, dropping the tray I was carrying. 我绊了一下, 手中的托盘掉在地上了. (b) [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sb (up) cause sb to do this 使某人绊跤; 绊倒某人: * He tried to trip me up. 他想把我绊倒. 2 [I, Ipr, Ip] walk, run or dance with quick light steps 轻快地行走、 奔跑或跳舞: * She came tripping down the garden path. 她轻快地沿着花园小路跑来. * (fig 比喻) a melody with a light tripping rhythm 节奏轻快的曲调. 3 [Tn] release (a switch or catch); operate (a mechanism) by doing this 松开（开关）; （松开开关）开动（机器）: * trip the shutter, ie of a camera 按动快门 * If anyone tampers with this door it trips the alarm. 要是有人撬这扇门, 就会触响警报器. 4 [I, Ip] ~ (out) (dated sl 旧, 俚) have a trip(n 1) （通常指短途）行走, 行驶, 旅行（尤指娱乐）. 5 (phr v) trip (sb) up (cause sb to) make a mistake, reveal a secret, etc （使某人）犯错误、 泄漏秘密等: * The lawyer was tryingto trip the witnesses up, ie make them contradict themselves.那律师竭力想让证人互相矛盾. * I tripped up in the interview and said something rather silly. 我在面试中不慎说了一些蠢话. 派生： trip n 1 (usu short) journey, esp for pleasure （通常指短途的）行走, 行驶, 旅行（尤指娱乐性的）: a trip to the seaside 海滨之行 * during my last trip to London 在我上次去伦敦的行程中 * a honeymoon trip to Venice前往威尼斯的蜜月旅行. =>Usage at journey 用法见journey. 2 (sl 俚) experience, esp one caused by taking a hallucinating drug 体验; （尤指服用致幻剂後的）幻觉体验: an acid (ie LSD) trip 迷幻药产生的幻觉 * a good/bad trip 舒服的[不舒服的]迷幻感受.

trip1
3 act of tripping (trip v 1) or being tripped; fall or stumble 绊; 绊倒. 4 device for tripping (trip v 3) a mechanism 松开机械开关的装置. tripper n person making a short journey for pleasure作短程旅游的人: The beach was packed with day trippers.海滩上到处都是当日远足的人. tripping adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] (of movements, rhythms, etc) quick and light （指运动、 节奏等）快而轻的. trippingly adv. 复合： `trip-wire n wire stretched close to the ground, which works a trap or warning device, etc when a person or an animal trips against it （陷阱或报警装置的）绊索, 绊网.

tripartite
[7trai'pa:tait; trai'partait] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (fml 文) having three parts or involving three people, groups, etc 有叁部分的; 涉及叁人、 叁团体等的: * a tri,partite di`vision 包括叁部分的划分 * tri,partite di`scussions 叁方的磋商 * a tri,partite a`greement 叁者间的协议.

tripe
[traip; traip] n [U] 1 stomach of a cow, etc used as food 肚儿（用做食物的牛羊等的胃）: * boiled tripe and onions 洋葱炖牛肚. 2 (sl 俚) (a) nonsense 废话; 胡说: * Don't talk tripe! 别说废话! (b) writing, music, etc of low quality 拙劣的文章、 音乐等: * I don't read that tripe. 我才不看那种无聊的东西呢.

triple
[5tripl; 5tripl] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] 1 having three parts or involving three people, groups, etc 有叁部分的; 涉及叁人、 叁团体等的: * The plan has a triplepurpose, ie three purposes. 这个计画有叁个目的. * tripletime, ie rhythm with three beats to the bar 叁拍子（每节有叁拍的节奏） * a triple alliance, ie between three countries 叁国同盟. 2 three times as much or as many 叁倍的; 叁重的: * travelling at triple the speed 以叁倍的速度前进 * a triple whisky, ie a glass containing three timesthe usual quantity 一杯含叁倍分量的威士忌酒 * a triplemurderer, ie one who has killed three people 谋杀叁个 人的人. 派生： triple v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become three times as much or as many （使某物）增至叁倍, 成叁倍: Output has tripled. 产量已增加到叁倍. triply adv. 复合： the triple `jump athletic contest of jumping as far forward as possible with three leaps, the first two landing on alternate feet, the third on both feet 叁级跳远.

triplet
[5triplit; 5triplit] n 1 (usu pl 通常作复数) any of three children or animals born at one time 叁胞胎中的一个: * His wife gave birth to triplets. 他妻子生了叁胞胎.2 set of three things 叁个的一组; 叁件之一套. 3 (music音) group of three equal notes to be performed in the time usually taken to perform two of the same kind 叁连音符.

triplicate
[5triplikEt; 5triplEkit] n (idm 习语) in triplicate consisting of three identical copies, of which one is the original 一式叁份（其中一份为正本）: * submit an application in triplicate 提交一式叁份的申请书. 派生： triplicate[5triplikeit; 5triplE7ket] v [Tn] copy (sth) so that there are three copies including the original 把（某物）制成一式叁份（包括正本）.

tripod
[5traipCd; 5traipad] n support with three legs for a camera, telescope, etc （照相机、 望远镜等的）叁脚架.

tripper
=> trip.

triptych
[5triptik; 5triptik] n picture or carving on three panels fixed side by side, esp one placed over an altar in a church 叁幅相联的图画或雕刻（尤指置於教堂圣坛上方的）.

trisect
[trai'sekt; trai'sekt] v [Tn] divide (a line, an angle, etc) into three equal parts 将（一线、 角等）分成叁等份. > trisection/trai'sekFn; trai'sekFEn] n [U].

trite
[trait; trait] adj (of a phrase, an opinion, etc) not new or original, because often used; hackneyed; commonplace （指词语、 意见等）陈腐的, 老一套的, 平淡无奇的.

triumph
[5traiQmf; 5traiEmf] n 1 [U] (joy or satisfaction at) being successful or victorious 成功或胜利（的喜悦或满足）: * shouts of triumph 胜利的欢呼声 * The winningteam returned home in triumph. 获胜的队奏凯而归. 2 [C]great achievement or success 巨大的成就或成功: * one of the triumphs of modern science 现代科学的一项重大成就 * She scored a resounding triumph over her rival. 她击败对手大获全胜. 派生： triumph v [I, Ipr] ~ (over sb/sth) be successful or victorious 获得成功或胜利: Common sense triumphed in the end. 人的理智终於战胜了一切. * triumph over one's difficulties, ie overcome them 战胜困难. triumphal/trai'Qmfl; trai'Qmfl] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] 1 of or for a triumph 胜利的; 成功的; 庆祝胜利的: * a triumphal arch, ie one built to honour a victory in war 凯旋门（为纪念战争胜利而建）. 2 expressing triumph 表现成功或胜利的: * a triumphal chorus 凯歌大合唱. triumphant/trai'Qmfnt; trai'QmfEnt] adj (rejoicing at) having triumphed 成功的; 获胜的; （因成功或胜利）欢欣鼓舞的: * a triumphant cheer 胜利的欢呼声. triumphantly adv.

triumvirate
[trai'QmvirEt; trai'QmvErit] n ruling group of three people 叁人统治集团; 叁人领导小组: * The company is run jointly by a triumvirate of directors. 这家公司是由叁人组成的董事会经管的.

trivet
[5trivit; 5trivit] n 1 metal stand, usu with three legs, for holding hot pans, etc, or formerly for kettles or pots placed over a fire （垫热锅盆等用的）金属架（通常有叁脚, 旧时放在火上坐壶、 锅等）. 2 (idm 习语) right as a trivet => right1.

trivia
[5triviE; 5triviE] n [pl] (usu derog 通常作贬义) unimportant things, details or pieces of information 无关紧要的事物、细节或信息.

trivial
[5triviEl; 5triviEl] adj (often derog 常作贬义) that has little importance 不重要的; 琐碎的: * a trivial mistake, loss, offence 小小的错误、 损失、 罪过 * raise trivial objections to sth 对某事物提出小小不言的反对意见* (fml 文) a trivial young man, ie one who is only concerned with trivial things 浅薄的年轻男子. 派生： triviality[7trivi'AlEti; 7trivi'AlEti] n (derog 贬) 1 [U]state of being trivial 无足轻重. 2 [C] trivial thing 琐碎的事物: * waste time on trivialities 把时间浪费在琐碎的小事上. trivialize, -ise[5triviElaiz; 5triviEl7aiz] v [Tn] (derog 贬) make (a subject, problem, etc) seem trivial 使（某事情、 问题等）显得不重要、 琐碎等: * Too many films trivialize violence. 有许许多多影片把暴力行为描述成是鸡毛蒜皮的事. trivialization, -isation[7triviElai'zeiFn;- -li'z-; 7triviElE'zeFEn] n [U, C]. trivially[-iEli; -iEli] adv.

trod
pt of tread.

trodden
pp of tread.

troglodyte
[5trCglEdait; 5traglE7dait] n person living in a cave, esp in prehistoric times 穴居人（尤指史前时期的）.

troika
[5trCikE; 5trCikE] n 1 small Russian carriage pulled by three horses （俄国的）叁驾马车. 2 group of three people working together, esp as political leaders of a country 叁人工作小组; （尤指国家的）叁人领导班子, 叁头政治.

Trojan
[5trEudVEn; 5trodVEn] n, adj 1 (inhabitant) of Troy, an ancient city in Asia Minor （小亚细亚古城）特洛伊的, 特洛伊人: * the Trojan war, ie between the Greeksand the Trojans, as described by Homer 特洛伊战争（古希腊人与特洛伊人之战, 荷马史诗曾述其事）. 2 (idm 习语) work like a `black/`Trojan => black2. 复合： ,Trojan `horse person or thing used to harm an enemy or opponent, who wrongly believes he is being helped 特洛伊木马（用以使敌方或对手上当误以为於己有益的破坏性的人或事物）.

troll
1[trEul; trol] v [I, Ipr] ~ (for sth) fish with a rod and line by pulling bait through the water behind a boat （在船後用杆和绳）拖饵钓鱼: * trolling for pike 拖钓狗鱼.

trolley
[5trCli; 5trali] n (pl ~s) 1 cart on wheels that can be pushed or pulled along and is used for moving goods 手推车; 手拉车: * a `luggage trolley 运送行李的手推车 * a `shopping trolley, eg in a supermarket 购物手推车（如超级市场中的）. 2 small table on wheels for transporting or serving food, etc （运或送食物等用的）脚轮车, 台车: * a `tea-trolley 茶具车. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xvi. 3 small low truck running on rails, used eg by workmen repairing tracks 在铁轨上行驶的小车（如查道车）. 4 (also `trolley-wheel) small wheel or other device making contact between an electrically powered vehicle and an overhead cable （电动车辆与架空电缆接触的）触轮或其他设备. 5 (US) = tram. 复合： `trolley bus n bus powered by electricity from an overhead cable 无轨电车.

trollop
[5trClEp; 5tralEp] n (dated derog 旧, 贬) untidy or sexually immoral woman; slut 邋遢女人; 荡妇.

trombone
[trCm'bEun; tram'bon] n large brass musical instrument with a sliding tube used to raise or lower the note 长号（装有可伸缩套管的）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page x. 派生： trombonist/trCm'bEunist; tram'bonist] n person who plays a trombone 吹长号的人.

troop
[tru:p; trup] n 1 [C] large group of people or animals, esp when moving （人或动物的）大群（尤指移动中的）: * a troop of schoolchildren 一群小学生 * troops of deer 成群的鹿. 2 troops [pl] soldiers 军队; 部队: * demand the withdrawal of foreign troops 要求撤出外国军队. 3 [C] unit of armoured vehicles or artillery or cavalry 装甲或炮兵部队的连队; 骑兵队; 骑兵连. 4 [C] local group of Scouts 童子军队. 派生： troop v 1 [I, Ipr, Ip] (with a pl subject 与复数主语配合) come or go together as a troop or in large numbers 成群结队而行: children trooping out of school 成队离开学校的儿童. 2 (idm 习语) ,trooping the `colour (Brit) ceremony of carrying a regiment's flag along ranks of soldiers, esp on the birthday of the king or queen 军旗敬礼分列式（尤指於国君诞辰日举行的）. trooper n 1 soldier in an armoured unit or a cavalry unit 装甲兵; 骑兵. 2 (US) member of a State police force 州警察. 3 (idm 习语) swear like a trooper => swear. 复合： `troop-ship n ship for transporting soldiers 运兵船.

trope
[trEup; trop] n (fml 文) figurative use of a word or phrase 辞格; 修辞格.

trophy
[5trEufi; 5trofi] n 1 object awarded as a prize, esp for winning a sports tournament 奖品（尤指体育比赛的）: * the Wimbledon `tennis trophy 温布尔登网球赛奖杯. 2 object taken or kept as a souvenir of success in hunting, war, etc （狩猎、 战争等中获得的）纪念品, 战利品: * a set of antlers and other trophies 一对鹿角及其他狩猎纪念物.

tropic
[5trCpik; 5trapik] n 1 [C usu sing 通常作单数] line of latitude 2327 north (the tropic of Cancer) or south (the tropic of Capricorn) of the equator 回归线（北纬2327之北回归线称the tropic of Cancer, 南纬2327之南回归线称the tropic of Capricorn）. =>illus at globe 见globe插图. 2 the tropics [pl] region between these two latitudes, with a hot climate 热带（地区）. 派生： tropical[-kl; -kl] adj of, like or found in the tropics （似）热带（地区）的; 见於热带地区的: * tropical fruit 热带水果 * a tropical climate 热带气候 * August was almost tropical (ie very hot) this year. 今年的八月十分炎热. tropically[-kli; -kli] adv.

troposphere
[5trCpEsfiE(r); - 'trEup-; 5tropE7sfir] n [sing] (usu 通常作 the troposphere) layer of the atmosphere that extends about seven miles upwards from the earth's surface 对流层（距地表约七英里）.

Trot
[trCt; trt] n (sl usu derog 俚, 通常作贬义) Trotskyst托洛茨基分子; 托派分子.

troth
[trEuW; - trC:W; trCW] n (arch 古) (idm 习语) plight one's troth => plight2.

Trotskyism
[5trCtskiizEm; 5tratski7izEm] n [U] political or economic ideas of Leon Trotsky, esp the principle of world-wide socialist revolution 托洛茨基主义（利昂．托洛茨基的政治或经济思想, 尤指世界范围的社会主义革命学说）. 派生： Trotskyist[5trCtskiist; 5tratskiist] (also Trotskyite/ 5trCtskIaIt; `trBtski9aIt/) n, adj (supporter) of Trotskyism 托洛茨基主义的; 托洛茨基分子.

troubadour
[5tru:bEdC:(r); - -duEr; 5trubE7dur] nFrench travelling poet and singer in the 11th-13th centuries（11-13世纪法国的）游吟诗人.

trouble
[5trQbl; 5trQbl] n 1 [C, U] (situation causing) worry, pain, difficulty, danger, etc 忧虑、 苦恼、 痛苦、 困难、 危险等（产生的环境）: * We're having trouble with our new car. 我们的新汽车很让人伤脑筋. * My teeth are giving (ie causing) me trouble. 我牙疼得难受. * If we're late, there'll be/it'll mean trouble, ie unpleasantness, perhaps involving punishment. 我们要是迟到就倒霉了. * family trouble(s), eg disagreements between parents and children 家庭纠纷（如父母与子女不合） * Our troubles are not over yet. 我们的烦恼还没完呢. * The idea soon ran into trouble. 那种想法不久就捅出楼子了. * The trouble (ie problem) (with you) is... （你的）问题在於... * What's the trouble? ie What's wrong? 出什麽事了? 2 (a) [U] ~ (to sb) inconvenience; bother 不便; 麻烦; 烦扰: * I don't want to be any trouble (to you). 我不想打扰（你）. * Were the children much trouble? 这些孩子很烦人吗? * I can come back tomorrow, it's no trouble. 我可以明天回来, 没问题. * Repairing it is more trouble than it's worth. 这东西修理起来很麻烦, 不值得修. * I'm sorry to have to put you to so much trouble. 很抱歉, 给您添了这麽多麻烦. (b) [sing] (fml 文) thing that causes inconvenience or difficulty 造成不便或困难的事物: * This dish is delicious but rather a trouble to prepare. 这种菜好吃不好做. * I find getting up early a great trouble. 我觉得早起床可不容易. 3 [C, U] disputes, fighting, etc; unrest 纠纷、 纷争等; 不宁; 动乱: * the recent trouble(s) in South Africa 南非近日的动乱 * The firm's been hit by a lot of labour trouble, eg strikes. 这个公司劳资纠纷（如罢工）频仍而严重受挫. 4 [U] (a) illness 疾病: * stomach, heart, liver, etc trouble 胃病、 心脏病、 肝病 * a history of mental trouble 精神病病史. (b) faulty operation, eg of a machine or vehicle 故障（如机器或车辆的）:

trouble1
* My car's got engine trouble. 我的汽车发动机出毛病了. 5 (idm 习语) ask for trouble/it => ask. ,get into `trouble cause trouble for oneself, eg by making a mistake 惹上麻烦（如因犯错所致）: * Even an experienced climber can get into trouble. 那怕是个有经验的登山者也能陷入困境. * He got into trouble with the police, eg was arrested. 他惹事落到了警方手里（如被捕了）. get sb into `trouble (a) cause trouble for sb 给某人惹上麻烦: * Don't mention my name or you'll get me into trouble. 别提我的名字, 免得给我惹麻烦. (b) (infml 口) make (an unmarried woman) pregnant 使（未婚女子）怀孕: * He got his girl-friend into trouble. 他使女朋友怀孕了.give (sb) (some, no, any, etc) `trouble cause trouble造成苦恼、 困难、 麻烦等: * The new computer's been giving (us) a lot of trouble, ie not working properly. 这台新计算机（给我们）添了许多麻烦（运转不正常）. go to a lot of, considerable, etc trouble (to do sth) do sth even though it involves effort, inconvenience, etc 不辞劳苦、 不怕费事做某事: * Thank you for going to so much trouble to find what I was looking for. 多谢你这麽费心找到了我要找的东西. in trouble (a) in a situation that involves danger, punishment, pain, worry, etc 在危险、 受罚、 痛苦、 忧虑等的处境中: * If we can't keep to the schedule, we'll be in (a lot of) trouble. 我们不按时完成计画就要倒（大）霉了. * I'm in trouble with the police over drugs. 我因毒品事落入警方手中. (b) (infml 口) (of an unmarried woman) pregnant （指未婚女子）怀孕. `look for trouble (infml 口) behave in a way that suggests that one is hoping for unpleasantness, a violent reaction, etc 自找麻烦; 自寻烦恼; 自找苦吃: * drunken youths roaming the streets looking for trouble 在街头游荡惹事生非的醉酒青年. make trouble (for sb) (eg of an enemy) cause trouble （如指仇敌）制造麻烦, 捣乱:

trouble2
* If I say no, the boss will only make trouble for me. 我要是说个‘不’字, 老板准跟我过不去. take trouble over sth/with sth/to do sth/doing sth use much care and effort in doing sth 尽心尽力地做某事: * They took a lot of trouble to find the right person for the job. 他们费尽心血找适合做这项工作的人. take the trouble to do sth do sth even though it involves effort or difficulty 不怕费事或困难尽力做某事: * Decent journalists should take the trouble to check their facts. 责任心强的新闻工作者应该不厌其烦地核实报道内容. 派生： trouble v 1 [Tn] cause worry, pain or inconvenience to (sb); bother 使（某人）忧虑、 苦恼、 痛苦或不便; 打扰: be troubled by illness, doubt, bad news 因疾病、 疑虑、 坏消息而苦恼 * My back's been troubling me. 我一直背疼难受. * a troubled look 忧虑的样子 * What troubles me is that... 使我感到苦恼的是... * I'm sorry to trouble you, but... 对不起打扰您一下, .... 2 [Tn.pr, Cn.t] ~ sb for sth (a) (fml 文) (used with may or might in polite requests 与may或might连用表示客气的请求): May I trouble you for the salt? 麻烦您把盐递给我行吗? * Might I trouble you to give me a lift to the station? 劳驾让我顺便坐您的汽车到车站去可以吗? (b) (dated 旧) (used with I'll or I must in ironic or sarcastic requests 与I' ll或I must连用, 表示带揶揄性或讽刺性的请求): I'll trouble you to watch your manners. 请您注意风度. 3 [I, Ipr, It] ~ (about sth) (fml 文) (used esp in questions and negative sentences 尤用於疑问句和否定句中) let oneself be worried or concerned about sth 费神; 费心; 费劲: `Do you want me to post it for you?’ `No, don't trouble (about it), thank you.’ ‘要我给您寄出去吗?’‘不必费心了, 谢谢你.’ * Why should I trouble to explain it all? 为什麽我得费事都解释一遍呢? 4 (idm 习语) fish in troubled waters => fish2. pour oil on troubled waters => pour.

trouble3
`troublesome[-sEm; -sEm] adj giving trouble; causing annoyance, pain, etc 带来麻烦的; 造成烦恼、 痛苦等的: * a troublesome child, problem, headache 让人心烦的孩子、 问题、 头痛 * My cough is rather troublesome today. 我今天咳嗽得很难受. 复合： `trouble-maker n person who often causes trouble, esp by upsetting others 常惹麻烦的人; 惹事生非的人; （尤指）惹人烦恼的人. `trouble-shooter n person who helps to settle disputes (eg in industrial relations), or who traces and corrects faults in machinery, etc 调解人, 调停人（如劳资关系的）; （机器等的）检修人员. `trouble-spot n place where trouble frequently occurs, esp a country where there is a war 经常出事的地方; （尤指）战乱频仍的国家: the world's major trouble-spots 世界上主要的不安定地区.

trough
[trCf; - trC:f; trCf] n 1 long narrow open box for animals to feed or drink from 饲料槽; 饮水槽. =>illus at pig 见pig插图. 2 shallow channel that allows water, etc to drain away 排水沟. 3 low area between two waves or ridges 波谷; 低谷. =>illus at surf 见surf插图. 4 (in meteorology) long narrow region of low atmospheric pressure between two regions of higher pressure （气象）低压槽. Cf 参看 ridge 3.

trounce
[trauns; trauns] v [Tn] 1 defeat (sb) heavily 将（某人）打得大败: * Wales were trounced 5-0 by Poland. 威尔士队让波兰队以5比0打得一败涂地. 2 (dated 旧) punish (sb) severely; thrash 严惩（某人）; 痛打.

troupe
[tru:p; trup] n [CGp] group of performing artists, esp those of a circus or ballet （演出的）班子, 团, 队; （尤指）马戏团, 芭蕾舞团: * a `dance troupe 舞蹈队. 派生： trouper n 1 (dated 旧) member of a theatrical troupe剧团团员. 2 (infml approv 口, 褒) loyal dependable person 忠实可靠的人: Thanks for helping, you're a real trouper. 谢谢你的帮助, 你真是信得过的人.

trousers
[5trauzEz; 5trauzlz] n [pl] 1 outer garment covering both legs and reaching from the waist to the ankles 裤子: * a pair of grey trousers 一条灰裤子. 2 (idm 习语) catch sb with his pants/trousers down => catch1. wear the pants/trousers => wear2. 派生： trouser adj [attrib 作定语] of or for trousers 裤子的; 为裤子用的: trouser buttons, legs, pockets 裤子扣、 裤腿、 裤子口袋 * a trouser press 裤子压平器.`trouser-suit n woman's suit of jacket and trousers （女子的）衣裤套装.

trousseau
[5tru:sEu; 5truso] n (pl ~s or ~x[-sEuz; -soz] ) (esp formerly) clothes and other possessions, collected by a bride to begin married life with （尤指旧时的）嫁妆, 妆奁.

trout
[traut; traut] n (pl unchanged 复数不变) 1 (a) [C] any of various types of freshwater fish that are good to eat and fished for by anglers 鳟鱼. (b) [U] flesh of such fish as food （供食用的）鳟鱼肉: * a piece of smoked trout 一块熏鳟鱼. 2 (idm 习语) an old trout => old.

trowel
[5trauEl; 5trauEl] n 1 small tool with a flat blade, used for spreading mortar on bricks or stone, plaster on walls, etc 镘刀, 抹子（抹砂浆、 灰泥用的）. 2 small gardening tool with a curved blade for lifting plants, digging holes, etc （园艺用的）小铲子. 3 (idm 习语) lay it on thick/with a trowel => thick adv.

troy weight
[5trCi weit; 5trCi 7wet] British system of weights used for gold, silver and jewels, in which 1 pound = 12 ounces or 5760 grains （英国的）金衡, 金衡制（金、 银、 珠宝的衡量制, 每金衡磅等於12金衡盎司或5760金衡格令）.

truant
[5tru:Ent; 5truEnt] n 1 child who stays away from school without permission 逃学的儿童; 旷课的小学生. 2 person who avoids doing his work or duty; idler 逃避工作或责任的人; 游手好闲的人. 3 (idm 习语) play `truant (US play `hooky[5huki; 5huki] ) stay away from school as a truant 逃学; 旷课. 派生： truancy[-Ensi; -Ensi] n [C, U] (instance of) playing truant 逃学; 旷课.

truce
[tru:s; trus] n (a) agreement between enemies or opponents to stop fighting for a certain time 休战, 停战（协定）: * declare/negotiate/break a truce 宣布[谈判/破坏]休战协定. (b) time that such an agreement lasts 休战期; 停战期: * a three-day truce 休战叁天.

truck
1[trQk; trQk] n 1 (Brit) open railway wagon for carrying goods （铁路上的）敞篷货车. 2 (esp US) = lorry. 3 vehicle for carrying goods that is pushed or pulled by hand; handcart or barrow （运送货物的）手推车, 手拉车, 两轮小车. 派生： trucker n (esp US) person whose job is driving a lorry 卡车司机. trucking n [U] (US) business or process of carrying goods by road 公路货运（业）.

truckle
bed

truculent
[5trQkjulEnt; 5trQkjElEnt] adj (derog 贬) defiantand aggressive 寻 的; 好斗的: * truculent behaviour 挑 行为 * He became very truculent and started arguing with me angrily. 他当时盛气凌人, 气冲冲地同我吵了起来. > truculence[-lEns; -lEns] n [U]. truculently adv.

trudge
[trQdV; trQdV] v [I, Ipr, Ip, In/pr] walk slowly or with difficulty because one is tired, on a long journey, etc （因疲惫、 走长路等）缓慢或吃力地走: * trudging (along) through the deep snow 在深雪中慢慢地走 * Hetrudged 20 miles. 他吃力地走了20英里. =>Usage at stump用法见stump. 派生： trudge n (usu sing 通常作单数) long tiring walk 疲累的长途步行; 长途跋涉.

true
[tru:; tru] adj (-r, -st) 1 corresponding to known facts 合於事实的; 真的; 真实的; 确实的: * Is it true you're getting married? 你要结婚是真的吗? * a true story 真实的故事 * The food is good and the same is true of the service, ie that is good too. 吃的东西很好, 服务质量也不错. * `We've always found somewhere to stay here before.’ `True, but we may not always be so lucky.’ ‘我们已往在这里总能找到个落脚的地方.’‘话倒是这麽说, 可我们不一定总那麽运气呀.’ * Unfortunately what you say is only too true. 遗憾的是, 你说的都是实实在在的事. 2 [esp attrib 尤作定语] (a) agreeing with correct principles or accepted standards 合乎正确的原则或公认的标准的: * a true judgement, assessment, analysis, etc 正确的判断、 评估、 分析等. (b) rightly called what one/it is called; genuine 名副其实的; 真正的: * true love 真正 的爱 * The frog is not a true reptile. 青蛙并非真正的爬行动物. * claimed to be the true heir 提出本人为合法继承人这一要求. 3 [esp attrib 尤作定语] exact; accurate 准确的; 精确的: * a true copy of a document 文件的准确副本 * a true pair of scales 精确的天平. 4 [esp pred 尤作表语] fitted or placed in its proper (esp upright) position （安装或放置）正, 准, （尤指）垂直: * Is the wheel true? 轮子安正了吗? * Make sure the post is true before the concrete sets. 在混凝土凝固以前, 一定要把柱子竖直了. 5 ~ (to sth) loyal; faithful 忠实的; 忠诚的: * atrue patriot 忠贞的爱国者 * remain true to one's principles坚持自己的原则 * be true to one's word/promise, ie do as one has promised 信守诺言. 6 (idm 习语) come `true (of a hope, prediction, etc) really happen; become fact （指希望、 预言等）实现, 成为事实: * It's like a dream come (ie that has come) true. 这有如梦想变成了现实. one's true `colours (often derog 常作贬义) one's true character; what one is really like 本性; 真面目:

true1
* Once he achieved power he showed (himself in) his true colours. 他一掌了权就露出了本来面目. true to sth being or acting as one would expect from sth 符合某事物; 忠实反映某事物: * True to form (ie As usual), he arrived late. 跟往常一样, 他来晚了. * The film is very true to life, ie realistic. 这部影片非常现实. * Plants grown from seed are not always true to type, ie exactly like the plant that gave the seed. 植物由种子发育成熟并不见得与该植物原型一模一样. 派生： true adv 1 truly 真实地; 确实地: She spoke truer than she knew. 她说的比她了解的更接近事实. 2 accurately 准确地; 精确地: The arrow flew straight and true to its mark. 那箭不偏不斜地直朝目标飞去. true n (idm 习语) ,out of `true not in its proper or accurate position 位置不正: The door is out of true. 这扇门位置不正. 复合： ,true-`blue n, adj (person who is) completely faithful and loyal, esp to traditional principles 忠心耿耿的（人）; （尤指）坚持传统原则的（人）: a true-blue Tory of the old school 一个老派的坚定的保守党人. ,true-`hearted adj loyal 忠实的; 忠诚的. ,true-`life adj [attrib 作定语] that really happened 实有其事的; 真实的: a ,true-life ad`venture 真实的奇遇. `true-love n person who loves or is loved genuinely and deeply; sweetheart 真心爱的或被爱的人; 爱人. ,true `north north according to the earth's axis, not magnetic north 真北（以地轴北极为正北的, 非磁极之北）.

truffle
[5trQfl; 5trQfl] n 1 type of edible fungus that grows underground and is enjoyed for its rich flavour 块菌（可食, 味美）. 2 soft sweet made of a chocolate mixture 一种巧克力软糖.

trug
[trQg; trQg] n shallow basket used by gardeners to carry tools, plants, etc （园丁盛放工具、 秧苗等的）浅筐.

truism
[5tru:izEm; 5truizEm] n statement that is obviouslytrue, esp one that does not say anything important, eg Nothing lasts for ever 不言而喻的道理（尤指无重要意义的, 如‘没有一成不变的事物’）.

truly
[5tru:li; 5truli] adv 1 truthfully 真实地; 如实地: * Tell me truly what you think. 实话告诉我你是怎麽想的. 2 sincerely 真诚地; 诚恳地: * I'm truly grateful. 我由衷地感激. 3 genuinely; really 真正地; 确实地: * a truly generous act 的确很慷慨的举动 * Her last novel was truly awful. 她最近的这部小说真糟糕. 4 (idm 习语) well and truly => well3. =>Usage at your 用法见your.

trump
1[trQmp; trQmp] n 1 (in card-games such as whist or bridge) card of a suit that temporarily has a higher value than the other three suits （惠斯特或桥牌等牌戏的）王牌, 主牌, 将牌: * Hearts are trumps. 红桃是王牌. * He took my ace with a low trump. 他用一张小的王牌吃了我的A牌. * We played the game in no trumps, ie withno suit chosen as trumps. 我们打的是无主的牌. 2 (infmldated 口, 旧) person who is generous, loyal, helpful, etc 慷慨、 忠诚、 乐於助人等的人. 3 (idm 习语) ,come/,turn up `trumps (infml 口) (a) be especially helpful or generous 大有帮助; 格外慷慨: * Nobody else in the family gave anything for the jumble sale, but my sister came up trumps. 家里人谁也没拿出东西来捐助这次义卖活动, 只有我妹妹慷慨相助. (b) do or happen better than expected 结果比预期的要好: * The team turned up trumps on the day. 那个队这一天的成绩好得出乎意料. declare trumps => declare. draw trumps => draw2. 派生： trump v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) take (a card or trick) with a trump 出王牌吃掉（一牌或一墩牌）: trumped my ace (with a six) 用（六点的）王牌吃掉了我的A牌. 2 (phr v) trump sth up (usu passive 通常用於被动语态) invent (a false excuse, accusation, etc) in order to harm sb 编造（谎言、 罪名等）加害某人: arrested on a trumped-up charge 根据罗织的罪名被捕. 复合： `trump-card n (a) card of the suit that is trumps王牌; 将牌; 主牌. (b) (fig 比喻) way of gaining what one wants, esp after trying other ways; most valuable resource 为达到目的采取的方法（尤指已试过其他方法）; 最有效的一招: Finally she played her trump-card and threatened to resign. 最後她使出了绝招, 扬言要辞职.

trumpery
[5trQmpEri; 5trQmpEri] adj [attrib 作定语] (dated derog 旧, 贬) showy but of little value 花哨而无价值的: * trumpery ornaments 不值钱的花哨饰物.

trumpet
[5trQmpit; 5trQmpit] n 1 brass musical instrument with a bright ringing tone 小号; 喇叭: * hear a distant trumpet, ie its sound 听到远处的小号声. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page x. 2 thing shaped like a trumpet, esp the open flower of a daffodil 喇叭形物; （尤指）绽开的水仙花. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page ii. 3 (idm 习语) blow one's own trumpet => blow1. 派生： trumpet v 1 [I, Tn] proclaim (sth) loudly andforcibly 大声宣告或鼓吹（某事物）: He's always trumpetinghis own opinions. 他总是不遗馀力地宣扬自己的观点. 2 [I] (of an elephant) make a loud blaring noise like a trumpet （指象）吼叫. trumpeter n person who plays a trumpet, esp a cavalry soldier giving signals 吹号的人; （尤指骑兵的）号兵: Trumpeter, sound the charge! 号兵, 吹冲锋号!

truncate
[trQN'keit; - 'trQNkeit; 5trQNket] v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] shorten (sth) by cutting off the top or end 截去（某物）的顶端或末端; 将（某物）截短: * a truncated cone, pyramid, etc 截锥、 截角锥 * published her article in truncated form 以节录形式发表她的文章.

truncheon
[5trQntFEn; 5trQntFEn] (also baton) n short thick stick carried as a weapon, esp by police officers （作为武器携带的）粗短的棍子; （尤指）警棍.

trundle
[5trQndl; 5trQndl] v [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (cause sth to) roll or move heavily （使某物）沉重地滚动或移动: * A goods train trundled past. 一列货运列车隆隆地驶过. * trundling a wheelbarrow down the path 推着手推车沿路走去. 复合： `trundle-bed n (US) = truckle-bed (truckle).

trunk
[trQNk; trQNk] n 1 [C] main stem of a tree, from which the branches grow 树干. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page i. 2 [C usu sing 通常作单数] body apart from the head, arms and legs 躯干. =>illus at human见human插图. Cf 参看 torso. 3 [C] large box with a hinged lid for storing or transporting clothes or other items 大衣箱; 大旅行箱. =>illus at luggage 见luggage插图. 4 [C] long nose of an elephant 象鼻.=>illus at elephant 见elephant插图. 5 trunks [pl] shorts worn by men or boys for swimming, boxing, etc （男子游泳、 拳击等时穿的）短裤. 6 [C] (US) boot of a car （汽车後部的）行李箱. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xii. 复合： `trunk-call n (Brit dated 旧) (US long-`distance call) telephone call to a distant place in the same country （国内）长途电话. `trunk-road n important main road 公路干线; 干道.

truss
[trQs; trQs] n 1 padded belt worn by a personsuffering from a hernia 疝带（疝病患者用的）. 2 frameworksupporting a roof, bridge, etc （支撑屋顶、 桥梁等的）构架, 桁架. 3 (Brit) bundle of hay or straw （乾草或稻草的）捆, 束. 派生： truss v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth/sb (up) (with sth) tie or bind sth/sb securely 将某物[某人]捆好、 缚紧或系牢: truss a chicken, ie fasten its legs and wings securely before cooking 把鸡扎紧（扎紧腿和翅膀以便烹调） * The thieves had trussed the guard up with rope. 盗贼用绳子把警卫捆了起来. 2 [Tn esp passive 尤用於 被动语态] support (a roof, bridge, etc) with trusses (truss 2) 用构架支撑（屋顶、 桥梁等）.

trust
1[trQst; trQst] n 1 [U] ~ (in sb/sth) belief or willingness to believe that one can rely on the goodness, strength, ability, etc of sb/sth 信任; 信赖; 相信: * A good marriage is based on trust. 美满的婚姻是建立在互相信任的基础上的. * I have absolute trust in the (skill of) doctors. 我绝对相信医生（的医术）. * I put my trust in you. 我信任你. * You've betrayed my trust, eg told a secret or not kept a promise. 你辜负了我对你的信任（如泄露秘密或违背诺言）. 2 [U] responsibility 责任: * a position of great trust 责任重大的职位. 3 (law 律) (a) [C] money or property given to a person or people (trustees) who must take care of it and use it for another person's benefit or for a specified purpose 信托财产: * In his will he created trusts for his children. 他在遗嘱里为子女安排好了信托财产. * The project is financed by a charitable trust. 这项工程是由慈善基金机构赞助的. (b) [U] responsibility assumed by trustees; trusteeship 受信托人的职责. 4 [C] association of business firms formed to reduce competition, control prices, etc 托拉斯（为减少竞争、 垄断价格等而成立的企业联合组织）: * anti-trust laws 反托拉斯法. 5 [C] organization founded to encourage or preserve sth, eg historic buildings or cultural activities （为促进或保护某事物而设的）信托基金机构（如为保护历史建 或促进文化活动等而设的）: * a wildfowl trust 保护野禽信托基金机构. 6 (idm 习语) in trust kept as a trust1(3a) 受托保管财产: * The money is being held in trust for him until he is twenty-one. 这笔钱委托他人代管, 到他二十一岁才能使用. on trust (a) without proof or investigation 不经证明或调查: * You'll just have to take what I say on trust. 你只管相信我说的话就是了. (b) on credit 以赊欠方式: * supply goods on trust 赊给货物. 派生： trustful[-fl; -fEl] , trusting adjs showing trust; notsuspicious 表示信任的; 无疑心的. trustfully[-fEli; -fEli]

trust1
,trustingly advs. trustfulness n [U]. `trustworthy adj worthy of trust; reliable 值得信任的; 可信赖的; 可靠的. `trustworthiness n [U]. trusty adj (-ier, -iest) (arch or joc 古或谑) trustworthy 可信任的; 可信赖的; 可靠的: mounted his trusty steed 骑上他那匹得力的马 * my trusty old bicycle 我那忠心耿耿的自行车. n prisoner who is given special privilegesor responsibilities because of good behaviour 模范犯人（因表现好而获优待或担负责任的）. 复合： `trust company (esp US) firm that manages trusts, investments, etc 信托公司; 信托投资公司; 信托银行. `trust fund money that is held in trust for sb 信托基金: set up a trust fund 设立信托基金.

trustee
[trQ'sti:; trQs'ti] n 1 person who is responsible for managing a trust1(3a) 受信托人（受信托管理财产的人）. 2 member of a group of people managing the business affairs of an institution （机构的）管理班子成员. 派生： trusteeship[-Fip; -Fip] n 1 [U, C] position of a trustee 受信托人的职责. 2 [U] responsibility for the administration of a territory granted to a country by the United Nations Organization 托管（联合国委托某一国家管理某一地区）.

truth
[tru:W; truW] n (pl ~s/tru:Tz; truTz] ) 1 [U] quality or state of being true 真实（性）: * There's no truth/not aword of truth in what he says. 他说的毫不属实. 2 (a) [U]that which is true 真相; 实情; 真实情况; 事实: * the whole truth 全部事实 * the search for (the) truth 调查事实真相 * tell the truth, ie speak truthfully, not lie 说实话 * We found out the truth about him. 我们了解到了有关他的事实. * The (plain) truth is, I forgot about it. 老实说, 我忘了. (b) [C] fact, belief, etc that is accepted as true 真理; 原理: * one of the fundamental truths of modern science 现代科学的一项基本原理. 3 (idm 习语) a home truth => home1. in truth (fml 文) truly; really 的确; 事实上: * It was in truth a miracle. 这确实是个奇迹. the moment of truth => moment. the naked truth => naked 2. to tell the truth => tell. 派生： truthful[-fl; -fEl] adj 1 (of a person) honest in what he says; never lying （指人）诚实的, 从不说谎的. 2 (of statements) true （指陈述）真确的, 如实的. truthfully[-fElI; -fElI/ adv. truthfulness n [U].

try
1[trai; trai] v (pt, pp tried) 1 [I, It] (In informal use, try to + infinitive is often replaced by try and + infinitive, esp in the imperative, and don't/didn't try to by don't/didn't try and. 在口语中, ‘try to +动词不定式’这种结构常改为‘try and +动词不定式’, 尤以祈使句为然, 否定形式`don't/didn't try to'则改为`don't/didn't try and'. ) make an attempt 试; 尝试; 打算; 努力做: * I don't know if I can come, but I'll try. 我不知道是否能来, 但是我尽可能来. * I tried till I was tired. 我试着做, 一直试到累了才停下来. * Try to/and be here on time. 请尽量按时到这儿来. * He's trying his best/hardest/utmost, ie as much as he can. 他尽了最大的努力. * I tried hard not to laugh. 我极力忍住不笑. * You haven't even tried to lift it. 你连试着举一下都没试过. * Don't try to/and swim across the river. 别打算游过那条河. =>Usage at and 用法见and. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tg] use, do or test (sth) to see whether it is satisfactory, effective, enjoyable, etc 试用, 试做, 试验（某物）: * I've tried this new detergent with excellent results. 我试用了这种新型洗涤剂, 效果很好. * `Would you like to try some raw fish?’ `Why not, I'll try anything once.’ ‘你想尝点儿生鱼吗?’‘好哇, 我什麽都愿意尝一点儿.’ * Have you ever tried windsurfing? 你做过风帆冲浪运动吗? * Try that door, ie Try opening it to see if it is locked or to find what is on the other side. 推一推那扇门（看看是否锁上了或门的那一面有什麽）. * Don't try any funny stuff with me! 别想跟我耍鬼花招! * Let's try the table in a different position. 咱们把桌子换个位置试试看. * I think we should try her for the job. 我认为我们应该让她试试这个工作. * Try phoning his home number. 给他家里打个电话试试. 3 (a) [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] examine and decide (a case) in a lawcourt 审讯, 审判（案件）: * The case was tried before a jury. 此案是有陪审团参加审理的.

try1
(b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth) hold a trial of (sb) 审问, 审判（某人）: * He was tried for murder. 他以谋杀罪名受审. 4 [Tn] be very tiring or difficult to bear for (sb/sth); be a strain on (sb/sth) 使（某人[某物]）忍受极度劳累或艰难困苦: * Small print tries the eyes. 印刷字体太小伤眼睛. * Don't try my patience! 别逼得我忍无可忍! * His courage was severely tried by his ordeal. 他的勇气在艰难困苦中经受了严峻的考验. 5 (idm 习语) do/try one's damnedest=> damnedest (damned). try one's hand (at sth) attempt (eg a skill or sport) for the first time 初试身手（如技艺或运动）: * I'd like to try my hand at computing. 我想试试我的计算机运算技术. try one's luck (at sth) try to do or get sth, hoping to succeed 碰碰运气（试做某事或争取获得某事物, 希望能成功）: * I think I'll try my luck at roulette. 我想玩玩轮盘赌碰碰运气. 6 (phr v) try for sth make an attempt to get or win sth 力图获得或赢得某事物: * try for a scholarship, an Olympic medal, a job in the Civil Service 力图获得奖学金、 奥运会奖牌、 公务员的工作. try sth on (a) put on (clothing, etc) to see if it fits and how it looks 试穿（衣物等）: * Try on the shoes before you buy them. 买鞋要先穿上试试再买. (b) (infml 口) do sth (eg ask too high a price for sth or behave badly) that one expects not to be allowed to do, while hoping that sb will not object 做明知不准做的事, 希望某人无异议（如索取高价或为非作歹）: * Don't try anything on with me, kid, or you'll be sorry. 小毛孩子, 别跟我来这一套, 要不然有你後悔的. try out (for sth) (US) take a test, a trial, an audition, etc 测试; 试验; 试演等: * You won't make the team if you don't try out. 不参加选拔就不能加入这个队. * She's trying out for the part of Cleopatra. 她正在试演克娄巴特拉这个角色. try sb/sth out (on sb) test sb/sth by using him/it 试用某人[某物]:

try2
* try out a young quarter-back 试用一名年轻的四分卫 * The drug has not been tried out on humans yet. 这种药尚未经过人体试验. 派生： tried adj [attrib 作定语] that has been proved to be effective, reliable, etc 经证明有效、 可靠等的: a tried (and tested) remedy 经（试验）证明有效的疗法 * a tried and true friend 经过考验的真正的朋友. trier n person who tries hard and always does his best 经受磨练始终尽力的人: He's not very good but he's a real trier. 他不十分出色, 却是个勤勤恳恳的人. trying adj that strains one's temper or patience; annoying 磨练脾气或耐性的; 使人厌烦的: a trying person to deal with 难对付的人 * have a trying day 度过难熬的一天. 复合： `try-on n (infml 口) doing sth that one does not expect to be allowed to do, while hoping sb will not object 做明知不准做的事（希望某人无异议）. `try-out n test of the qualities or performance of a person or thing （对人或事物的质量或表现的）测试; 试用; 试演: give sb/sth a try-out 测试某人[某物].

tsar
(also tzar, czar)[za:(r); tsar] n (title of the) emperor of Russia (before 1917) 沙皇（1917年以前俄罗斯皇帝或其称号）. 派生： tsarina (also tzarina, czarina)[za:'ri:nE; tsa'rinE] n (title of the) empress of Russia or of the wife of the tsar （俄国的）女皇或皇后.

tsetse
[5tsetsi; 5tsetsi] n (also `tsetse fly) tropical Africanfly that carries and transmits disease, esp sleeping sickness, to humans and animals by its bite 舌蝇, 采采蝇（热带非洲蝇科昆虫, 叮咬人及大动物传播疾病）.

tsp
(pl tsps) abbr 缩写 = teaspoonful: Add 2 tsps sugar 加两茶匙的糖.

tub
[tQb; tQb] n 1 (a) (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) open flat-bottomed (usu round) container used for washing clothes, holding liquids, growing plants, etc （洗衣物、 盛液体、 栽培植物等用的）盆, 桶: * wash-tubs 洗涤盆 * wooden plant-tubs 栽培植物的木桶. =>illus at bucket 见bucket插图. (b) similar small container of plastic, etc used for food, etc （用塑料等做的）盛食物等的小容器: * a tub of ice-cream, cottage cheese, margarine, etc 一盒冰激凌、 农家乳酪、 人造黄油等. (c) (also tubful[-ful; -ful] ) amount held by a tub 一盆或一桶的容量. 2 (a) = bath-tub (bath). (b) = bath 1: * have a cold tub before breakfast 早餐前洗个冷水澡. 3 (infml esp joc 口, 尤作戏谑语) slow clumsy boat 行驶缓慢的笨重的船: * a leaky old tub 破漏的老爷船. 复合： `tub-thumper n (infml derog 口, 贬) public speaker with a loud, violent or ranting manner 声嘶力竭的演讲者. `tub-thumping n, adj.

tuba
[5tju:bE; - 'tu:-; 5tubE] n long brass musical instrument of low pitch 大号（发音低沉的铜管乐器）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page x.

tubby
[5tQbi; 5tQbi] adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) short and fat 矮胖的: * a tubby little man （男的）胖墩儿. =>Usage at fat1 用法见fat1.

tuber
[5tju:bE(r); - 'tu:-; 5tubl] n short thick rounded part of an underground stem (eg of a potato) or root (eg of a dahlia) which stores food and produces buds from which new plants will grow 块茎. 派生： tuberous[5tju:bErEs; - 'tu:-; 5tubErEs] adj 1 of or like a tuber （似）块茎的. 2 having or producing tubers 有块茎的; 生长块茎的.

tuberculosis
[tju:7bE:kju'lEusis; - tu:-; tu7bEkjE'losis] n [U] (abbr 缩写 TB) infectious wasting disease in which growths appear on body tissue, esp the lungs 结核病; （尤指）肺结核. 派生： tubercular/tju:'bE:kjulE(r); - tu:-; tu'bEkjEll] adj of, causing or affected with tuberculosis 结核病的; 引致结核病的; 感染结核病的: * a tubercular infection, lung 结核病之传染、 感染结核病的肺部.

TUC
[7ti: ju: 'si:; 7ti ju 'si] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Trades Union Congress 英国职工大会.

tuck
1[tQk; tQk] n 1 [C] flat fold stitched into a garment, etc to make it smaller or for ornament （衣服等的）褶, : * put in/take out a tuck in a dress 在连衣裙上加上[去掉]一个褶. 2 [U] (Brit infml esp dated 口, 尤作旧) food, esp sweets, cakes, pastry, etc that children enjoy 儿童喜爱的食物（尤指糖果、 糕饼、 香酥点心等）: * [attrib 作定语] a school tuck-shop 校内食品小卖部.

tucker
[5tQkE(r); 5tQkl] n (idm 习语) one's best bib and tucker => best1. 派生： tucker v [usu passive 通常用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.p] ~ sb (out) (US infml 口) tire or exhaust (sb) 使（某人）劳累或筋疲力尽: I'm fair tuckered out. 我累坏了.

Tue
(also Tues) abbr 缩写 = Tuesday: Tues 9 March3月9日, 星期二.

tuft
[tQft; tQft] n bunch of hair, feathers, grass, etc, growing or held together at the base （在底部丛生的或聚集的）一束毛发、 一簇羽毛或一丛草等. 派生： tufted adj having, or growing in, a tuft or tufts 成束的; 簇生的; 丛生的: a tufted carpet 簇绒地毯.

tug
[tQg; tQg] v (-gg-) (a) [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (at sth) pull (sth) hard or violently 用力拉或拖（某物）: * We tugged so hard that the rope broke. 我们一用力把绳子给拉断了. * tug at sb's elbow/sleeve, eg to attract attention 拽某人的肘部[袖子]（如为引起注意）. (b) [Tn, Tn.p] pull (sth/sb) in a particular direction （沿某方向）拉或拖（某物[某人]）: * The wind nearly tugged my umbrella out of my hand. 大风险些把我手中的伞给刮跑了. * It is difficult tugging the children round the shops with me, ie because they resist. 让我拉着孩子逛商店可真不易（因为拉不住他们）. 派生： tug n 1 sudden hard pull （突然的）猛拉, 猛拽: I felt a tug at my sleeve. 我觉得有人拽了一下我的袖子. * Tom gave his sister's hair a hard tug. 汤姆使劲地扯了一下他姐姐的头发. * (fig 比喻) She felt a sharp tug at her heart-strings (ie pang of sorrow) as he left. 他离去的时候, 她非常伤心. 2 (also `tugboat) small powerful boat for towing ships, esp into harbour or up rivers 拖船. 复合： ,tug of `love (Brit infml 口) dispute over the custody of a child, esp between separated or divorced parents 对监护权的争夺（尤指分居或离婚时争夺子女监护权）: [attrib 作定语] a tug-of-love drama 争夺监护权的戏剧性事件. ,tug of `war contest in which two teams pull at opposite ends of a rope until one drags the other over a central line 拔河比赛.

tuition
[tju:'iFn; - tu:-; tu'iFEn] n [U] (a) (esp fml 尤作文雅语) teaching or instruction, esp that given to individuals or small groups 教学, 讲授（尤指对个人或小组的）: * have private tuition in French 私人教授法语. (b) fee paid for this, esp in colleges and universities 学费（尤指大专院校的）.

tulip
[5tju:lip; - 'tu:-; 5tulip] n garden plant growing from a bulb in spring, with a large brightly-coloured cup-shaped flower on a tall stem 郁金香. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page ii.

tulle
[tju:l; - tu:l; tul] n [U] soft fine silky net-like material used esp for veils and dresses 绢网, 丝网眼纱（尤用以制面纱及连衣裙）.

tumble
[5tQmbl; 5tQmbl] v 1 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (cause sb/sth to) fall, esp helplessly or violently, but usu without serious injury （使某人[某物]）倒下, 坠落（尤指身不由己或猛劲儿, 但通常并无重伤）: * tumble down the stairs, off a bicycle, out of a tree, over a step, etc 从楼梯上滚下、 从自行车上摔下、 从树上掉下、 绊倒在台阶上 * Toddlers keep tumbling over. 学步的儿童老是摔跤. * The children tumbled (ie pushed) each other (over) in the snow. 孩子们互相推来推去倒在雪地上了. (b) [I] fall rapidly in value or amount （价格或数量）急遽下降: * Share prices tumbled on the stock-market. 股市上股票价格暴跌. 2 [I, Ipr, Ip] roll to and fro or over and over or up and down in a restless and disorderly way 打滚; （不安地和胡乱地）翻滚: * The puppies were tumbling about on the floor. 小狗在地板上打着滚. * The stream tumbled over the rocks. 溪水滚滚流过岩石. * The breakers came tumbling onto the shore. 浪涛滚滚而来拍打着岸边. 3 [Ipr, Ip] ~ into/out of sth; ~ in/out move or rush in the specified direction in a headlong or blundering way 急促地或胡乱地朝某方向移动或猛冲: * I threw off my clothes and tumbled into bed. 我脱掉衣服倒在床上便睡了. * The children tumbled into/out of the car. 孩子们一窝蜂上了[下了]汽车. * My shopping bag broke and everything tumbled out. 我的购物袋破了, 东西纷纷都掉了出来. 4 [Tn, Tn.p] rumple or disarrange (sth) 弄乱, 搅乱（某物）: * The wind tumbled her hair. 风把她的头发吹乱了. * The bedclothes were tumbled (about) as though the bed had been slept in. 床上的被褥都弄乱了, 好像有人睡过觉. 5 (phr v) tumble down fall into ruin; collapse 已残破不堪; 倒塌; 垮掉: * The old barn we bought to convert into flats was practically tumbling down. 那个旧谷仓我们买下想改建住房的, 实际上已经快塌了. tumble to sb/sth (infml 口) realize the true character of sb or grasp a hidden meaning, etc 看穿某人或了解到隐含的意义等:

tumble1
* I tumbled to him/to what he was up to when I found some of his letters to Jane. 我发现了他写给简的一些信, 赫然了解了他的为人[他居心何在]. 派生： tumble n 1 [C] helpless or violent fall （身不由己的或猛力的）倒下; 摔倒; 跌跤; 坠落; 倒塌: have/take a nasty tumble 重重跌一跤. 2 [sing] untidy or confused state 混乱; 杂乱: bedclothes in a tumble on the floor 散乱在地上的被褥. 复合： `tumbledown adj [attrib 作定语] falling or fallen into ruin; dilapidated 倒塌的; 残破的; 摇摇欲坠的: a tumbledown old shack 破旧的棚屋. `tumble-drier (also `tumbler-drier) n machine for drying washed clothes, etc in a heated drum that rotates 滚筒式乾衣机. `tumbleweed n [U] bush-like plant growing in desert areas of N America, which withers in autumn, breaks off and is rolled about by the wind 风滚草（生长於北美洲沙漠地区, 秋季乾枯, 枝叶断落, 随风滚动）.

tumbler
[5tQmblE(r); 5tQmbll] n 1 (a) flat-bottomed straight-sided drinking-glass with no handle or stem （无柄、 无脚、 平底、 直壁的）玻璃杯. =>illus at glass 见glass插图. (b) (also tumblerful[-ful; -ful] ) amount held by a tumbler 一玻璃杯的容量: * a tumbler of milk 一玻璃杯牛奶. 2 part of a lock that holds the bolt until lifted by a key （锁的）制栓（用钥匙开启锁栓的部件）. 3 acrobat who turns somersaults, esp on the ground 翻筋斗的杂技演员（尤指在地面上的）. 复合： tumbler-drier n = tumble-drier (tumble).

tumbrel
(also tumbril)[5tQmbrEl; 5tQmbrEl] n open cart, esp of the kind used to carry condemned people to the guillotine during the French Revolution 倾卸式两轮马车; （尤指法国大革命期间押送囚犯去断头台的）死囚车: * tumbrels rolling through the streets 辘辘驶过街道的死囚车.

tumescent
[tju:'mesnt; - tu:-; tu'mesnt] adj (fml 文)(of parts of the body) swelling or swollen, eg in responseto sexual stimulation （指身体部位）肿胀的, 肿大的（如因受性刺激的反应）. > tumescence[-sns; -sns] n [U].

tumid
[5tju:mid; - 'tu:-; 5tumid] adj (fml 文) (of parts of the body) swollen （指身体部位）肿大的, 肿起的. > tumidity/tju:'midEti; - tu:-; tu'midEti] n [U].

tummy
[5tQmi; 5tQmi] n (used esp by or to children 尤作儿语) stomach 肚子; 胃: * have a tummy-ache 肚子痛 * one's tummy-button, ie navel 肚脐.

tumour
(US tumor)[5tju:mE(r); - 'tu:-; 5tuml] n abnormal mass of new tissue growing in or on part of the body （肿）瘤; 肿块: * cancerous tumours 癌样肿瘤 *benign/malignant tumours 良性[恶性]瘤 * a `lung tumour肺部肿瘤. Cf 参看 growth 4. > tumorous adj.

tumult
[5tju:mQlt; - 'tu:-; 5tumQlt] n [U, sing] (fml 文) 1 (a) disturbance or confusion, esp of a large mass of people 混乱; （尤指大群人的）骚乱: * The demonstration broke up in tumult. 示威集会在纷乱中解散了. * the tumult of battle 战斗的混乱. (b) din or uproar produced by this 喧闹声; 嘈杂声: * One had to shout to be heard above the tumult. 声音嘈杂, 得大喊大叫别人才听得见. * Her speech threw the House (ie of Commons) into a tumult (of protest). 她的讲话在众议院激起一片抗议声. 2 disturbed or agitated state of mind; turmoil （思想上的）波动, 烦乱: * Her mind was/Her thoughts were in a tumult. 她心烦意乱. * a tumult of passion, jealousy, excitement, etc 一阵激情、 忌妒、 激动等 * When the tumult within him subsided... 他激动的心情平静下来的时候.... 派生： tumultuous/tju:'mQltFuEs; - tu:-; tu'mQltFuEs] adj 1 disorderly or confused; violent 无秩序的; 混乱的; 狂暴的: * tumultuous crowds, upheavals, passions 混乱的人群、 狂暴的动乱、 缭乱的心绪. 2 noisy 嘈杂的; 喧闹的: * tumultuous applause, support, protest 喧嚣的欢呼、 支持、 抗议 * give sb a tumultuous welcome 热烈地欢迎某人.

tumulus
[5tju:mjulEs; - 'tu:-; 5tumjElEs] n (pl -li[-lai; -7lai] ) mound of earth over an ancient burial site （古坟的）坟头. Cf 参看 barrow2.

tun
[tQn; tQn] n 1 large cask for beer, wine, etc （装啤酒、 葡萄酒等的）大酒桶. 2 measure of capacity (216 gallons of beer or 252 gallons of wine) 容量单位（指啤酒为216加仑; 指葡萄酒为252加仑）.

tuna
[5tju:nE; - 'tu:nE; 5tunE] n (pl unchanged or ~s 复数或不变或作tunas) (a) (also tunny) [C] large sea-fish, eaten as food 金枪鱼（大海鱼, 可食）. (b) (also `tuna-fish) [U] its flesh as food （食用的）金枪鱼肉.

tundra
[5tQndrE; 5tQndrE] n [U, C] vast flat treeless Arctic regions of Europe, Asia and N America where the subsoil is permanently frozen 冻原, 苔原（欧、 亚、 北美辽阔平坦的北极地带, 不生树木, 土壤下层常年冰冻）: * [attrib 作定语] tundra vegetation 冻原植物.

tune
[tju:n; - tu:n; tun] n 1 [C, U] (series of notes with or without harmony forming a) melody, esp a well-marked one 曲调, 曲子（尤指有明显旋律的）: * whistle a catchy tune 用口哨吹一支很顺口的曲子 * hymn tunes 赞美诗曲调 * He gave us a tune on his fiddle. 他用小提琴给我们奏了一个曲子. * Modern music has no tune to it. 现代音乐毫无旋律可言. 2 (idm 习语) call the shots/the tune => call2. change one's tune => change1. dance to sb's tune => dance2. he who pays the piper calls the tune => pay2. ,in/,out of `tune (with sb/sth) (a) at/not at the correct musical pitch 音高或调子正确[不正确]: * The violin is not quite in tune with the piano. 这小提琴跟钢琴的调子不太和谐. * The choir was (singing) distinctly out of tune in places. 合唱团有些地方明显（唱）走调了. (b) (fig比喻) in/not in agreement or emotional harmony 协调[不协调]; 融洽[不融洽]: * feel out of tune with one's surroundings, companions 感到与环境、 同伴格格不入. sing a different song/tune => sing. to the tune of sth (a) using the melody of sth 用某曲调: * We sang these lines to the tune of Yankee Doodle. 我们用扬基歌的曲调唱这几句歌词. (b) (infml 口) to the (esp considerable) sum or amount of sth 达到某一（尤指可观的）总数: * He was fined for speeding to the tune of 200. 他因超速行车被罚款达200英镑. 派生： tune v 1 [Tn] adjust (a musical instrument or note) to the correct pitch 为（乐器）调音; 调（音）: tune a guitar 为吉他调弦. 2 [Tn] adjust (an engine, etc) so that it runs smoothly and efficiently 调整（发动机等）（使之运转正常）. 3 (idm 习语) (be) tuned (in) to sth (of a radio, etc) adjusted to receive a certain programme（指收音机等）调整频率等以接收某一节目: Stay tuned to us for the latest sports results. 请继续收听我们播放的最新比赛结果. * You're not properly tuned in. 你没有把收音机调准.

tune1
4 (phr v) tune in (to sth) adjust the controls of a radio, TV, etc so that it receives a certain programme （调整收音机、 电视机等的频率、 频道等）收听或收看某一节目: tune in to the BBC World Service 收看英国广播公司的对外广播节目 * Tune in next week at the same time! 请在下周同一时间继续收听! tune sb in to sth (usu passive 通常用於被动语态) make sb sympathetically aware of (other people's thoughts and feelings, etc) 使某人理解或体谅（他人的思想及感情等）: Voters always elect the candidate most tuned in to their needs. 选民总是选那些最能体察其疾苦的候选人. tune (sth) up adjust (musical instruments) so that they can play together in tune 调整（乐器）使合调: The orchestra were tuning up as we entered the hall. 我们进入大厅时, 管弦乐队正在调音. tuneful[-fl; -fEl] adj having a pleasing tune; melodious 音调优美的; 悦耳的. tunefully[-fEli; -fEli] adv. tunefulness n [U]. tuneless adj (usu derog 通常作贬义) without a tune; not melodious 不合调的; 不悦耳的. tunelessly adv. tunelessness n [U]. 复合： `tune-up n act of tuning (tune v 2) the engine of amotor-vehicle （对机动车辆发动机的）调整: My car needsa tune-up. 我的汽车的发动机得调一调了. `tuning-fork n small steel device like a two-pronged fork that produces a note of fixed pitch (usu middle C) when struck 音叉.

tuner
[5tju:nE(r); - 'tu:-; 5tunl] n 1 (esp in compounds尤用以构成复合词) person who tunes musical instruments,esp pianos 为乐器调音的人; （尤指）钢琴调音师. 2 part of a radio, TV, etc that selects signals （收音机、 电视机等的）调谐器.

tungsten
[5tQNstEn; 5tQNstEn] (also wolfram) n [U] chemical element, a hard grey metal used in making steel alloys and the filaments of electric light bulbs 钨. =>App 10 见附录10.

tunic
[5tju:nik; - 'tu:-; 5tunik] n 1 close-fitting jacket worn as part of a uniform by police officers, soldiers, etc （警察、 士兵等的）紧身短上衣. 2 (a) loose (usu sleeveless) outer garment reaching to the knees and sometimes gathered at the waist with a belt, as worn by ancient Greeks and Romans 短袍（长至膝, 通常无袖, 有时束腰, 古代希腊人及罗马人穿用）. (b) similar hip-length garment with open sleeves worn over trousers or a skirt by women or girls （女用）短上衣（长至臀部, 敞袖, 有时束腰, 罩於裤或裙外）.

tunnel
[5tQnl; 5tQnl] n 1 (a) underground passage, eg for a road or railway through a hill or under a river or the sea 地下通道; 隧道; 地道: * the Channel Tunnel, ie between England and France 海峡隧道（英法之间的）. (b) similar underground passage made by a burrowing animal （穴居动物的）洞穴通道: * Moles dug tunnels under the lawn. 禜鼠在草地下面打洞. 2 (idm 习语) light at the end of the tunnel => light1. 派生： tunnel v (-ll-; US -l-) 1 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (into, through, under, etc) dig a tunnel (in the specified direction) 掘地道; 开隧道: The prisoners had escaped by tunnelling. 犯人挖地道逃跑了. * They tunnelled along under the walls and up into the woods beyond. 他们在围墙下面挖地道通向远处林中. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ one's way into/through/under sth make (a way through sth) by digging a tunnel 挖地道开辟（通过某物的道路）: The rescuers tunnelled their way (in) to the pot-holers. 救援人员挖地道通向那些探察洞穴的人. * tunnel a hole, shaft, passage, etc 挖掘洞穴、 矿井、 通道等. 复合： `tunnel vision 1 condition in which sight is poor or lost altogether at the edges of the normal field of vision 视野狭窄; 管状视. 2 (derog 贬) inability to grasp the wider implications of a situation, an argument, etc 不能领会深广的意义; 井蛙之见.

tunny
[ 5tQnI; `tQnI/ n [C] = tuna 1.

tup
[tQp; tQp] n (esp Brit) uncastrated male sheep; ram(1). （未去势的）公羊. Cf 参看 ewe.

tuppence
[5tQpEns; 5tQpEns] n (Brit infml 口) 1 = twopence (two). 2 (idm 习语) not care/give `tuppence for sb/sth consider sb/sth worthless or unimportant 认为某人[某事物]无价值或不重要. > tuppenny[5tQpEni; 5tQpEni] adj [attrib 作定语] = twopenny (two): * a tuppenny stamp 两便士的邮票.

turban
[5tE:bEn; 5tEbEn] n (a) men's head-dress (worn esp by Muslims and Sikhs) made by winding a length of cloth tightly round the head （男用）头巾（尤指回教徒和锡克教徒用的）. (b) woman's close-fitting hat resemblingthis （女用）头巾帽. 派生： turbaned adj wearing a turban 包着头巾的; 戴着头巾帽的: a turbaned Sikh 包着头巾的锡克教徒.

turbid
[5tE:bid; 5tEbid] adj (fml 文) 1 (of liquids) opaque or muddy; not clear （指液体）浑浊的, 不清的: * the turbid floodwaters of the river 泛滥的浑浊的河水. 2 (fig 比喻) disordered or confused 紊乱的; 混乱的: a turbid imagination 紊乱的想像 * turbid thoughts 杂乱的思绪. > turbidity/tE:'bidEti; tE'bidEti] , turbidness ns [U].

turbine
[5tE:bain; 5tEbain] n machine or motor driven by a wheel which is turned by a current of water, steam, air or gas 涡轮机; 透平机.

turbo
prop

turbot
[5tE:bEt; 5tEbEt] n (pl unchanged 复数不变) (a) [C] large European seawater flat-fish 大菱∣（扁平的大海鱼, 产於欧洲）. (b) [U] its flesh, highly valued as food 大菱∣肉（为珍贵食品）.

turbulent
[5tE:bjulEnt; 5tEbjElEnt] adj 1 (of air or water) moving violently and unevenly （指空气或水）流动得猛烈而不稳定的: * turbulent waves 汹涌的波浪 * turbulent weather conditions 恶劣多变的天气状况. 2 (a) in a state of commotion or unrest; disturbed 混乱的; 不宁的; 动荡的: * turbulent mobs, crowds, factions, etc 混乱的暴民、 人群、 派系等 * a city with a turbulent past 经历过动乱的城市. (b) restless or uncontrolled 不安的; 失控的: * turbulent moods, passions, thoughts 忐忑不安的心情、 控制不住的激情、 纷乱起伏的思绪. 派生： turbulence[-lEns; -lEns] n [U] 1 unrest or disturbance 动荡; 混乱; 骚乱: * political, social, religious, etc turbulence 政治的、 社会的、 宗教的...骚乱 * (fig 比喻) emotions in a state of turbulence 纷乱的情绪. 2 violent or uneven movement of air or water 猛烈的或不稳定的气流或水流: * We experienced some slight turbulence flying over the Atlantic. 我们飞越大西洋时, 遇到一点不稳定的气流. turbulently adv.

turd
[tE:d; tEd] n (sl 俚) 1 ball or lump of (usu animal) excrement 粪块, 粪团（通常指动物的）: * dog turds 狗屎. 2 ( 讳) contemptible or unpleasant person 可鄙的人; 讨厌的人: * You turd! 你这个臭狗屎!

tureen
[tE'ri:n; tu'rin] n deep dish with a lid from which soup, vegetables, etc are served at table （盛汤、 菜等的）有盖海碗.

turf
[tE:f; tEf] n (pl turfs or turves/tE:vz; tEvz] ) 1 (a) [U] short grass and the surface layer of soil bound together by its roots 草皮: * clipped, springy, rolled, etc turf 修剪过的、 松软的、 辗轧过的...草皮 * lay turf, eg to make a lawn 铺草皮（如造草坪）. (b) [C] piece of this, usu square or rectangular, cut from the ground 草皮块（通常为正方形或长方形）. 2 [C, U] (in Ireland) (slab of) peat for fuel （爱尔兰的）（用作燃料的）泥炭（块）, 泥煤（块）. 3 the turf [sing] the racecourse; horse-racing 跑马场; 赛马. 4 [U] (infml 口 esp US) one's own neighbourhood or territory （自己的）地盘, 领域: * on my own turf 在我自己的地盘内. 派生： turf v 1 [Tn] lay (ground) with turf 用草皮铺（地）: anewly-turfed lawn 新铺上草皮的草坪. 2 (phr v) turf sb/sth out (of sth) (Brit infml 口) forcibly remove sb/sth; dispose of sth 赶走某人[某物]; 去掉、 扔掉或处理掉某物: Turf the cat out if you want to sit in the chair. 你要想坐那把椅子, 就把猫赶走. * You'd have more room in your wardrobe if you turfed out all your old clothes. 你把所有的旧衣服都处理掉, 衣柜里地方就大了. 复合： `turf accountant (Brit fml 文) bookmaker （赛马等的）赌注经纪人.

turgid
[5tE:dVid; 5tEdVid] adj 1 (derog 贬) (of language, style, etc) pompous and difficult to follow; boring （指语言、 风格等）浮夸而晦涩的, 索然无味的: * a turgid article on medieval law 论中世纪法律的艰涩文章. 2 swollen; bloated 肿胀的; 膨胀的. > turgidity/tE:'dVidEti; tE'dVidEti] n [U]. turgidly adv.

turkey
[5tE:ki; 5tEki] n (pl ~s) 1 (a) [C] large bird reared to be eaten, esp at Christmas 吐绶鸡; 火鸡. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page v. (b) [U] its flesh as food （食用的）火鸡肉: * a slice of roast turkey 一片烤火鸡肉. 2 [C] (US sl 俚) failure; flop 失败; 失败的人或事物: * His last movie was a real turkey. 他最後的那部影片一塌糊涂. 3 (idm 习语) cold turkey => cold1. talk turkey => talk2.

Turkish
[5tE:kiF; 5tEkiF] adj of Turkey, its people or its language 土耳其的; 土耳其人的; 土耳其语的. 派生： Turkish n [U] language of Turkey 土耳其语. 复合： ,Turkish `bath type of bath in which the body is made to sweat in hot air or steam, followed by washing, massage, etc 土耳其浴; 蒸汽浴. ,Turkish `coffee very strong, usu very sweet, black coffee 土耳其咖啡（浓烈的清咖啡, 通常很甜）. ,Turkish de`light sweet consisting of lumps of flavoured gelatine coated with powdered sugar 土耳其软糖（一种覆有糖粉的胶质糖果）.

turmeric
[5tE:mErik; 5tEmErik] n [U] (a) E Indian plant of the ginger family 姜黄（产於东印度）. (b) its root, powdered and used to colour or flavour food, eg in curry powder 姜黄根（磨成粉可作染料或调味料, 如用以制咖喱粉的）.

turmoil
[5tE:mCil; 5tEmCil] n [C usu sing, U 作可数名词时通常作单数, 亦作不可数名词] (instance of) great disturbance, agitation or confusion 骚动; 混乱; 动乱: * The country was in (a) turmoil during the strike. 这个国家在罢工期间陷於一片混乱.

turn
1[tE:n; tEn] v * MOVEMENT AROUND A CENTRAL POINT 围绕一中心转动 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] (cause sth to) move round a point or an axis （使某物）转动, 旋转: The hands of a clock turn very slowly. 时钟的指针走得很慢. * The earth turns (ie rotates) on its axis once every 24 hours. 地球每24小时自转一圈. * The wheels of the car began to turn. 汽车的轮子开始转动. * This tap turns easily/It's easy to turn this tap. 这水龙头好拧. * She turned the handle but the door wouldn't open. 他旋动把手, 但门就是打不开. * He turned the key in the lock. 他转动钥匙开锁. * She turned the steering-wheel sharply to the left to avoid a cyclist. 她猛然向左转动方向盘避开一个骑车的人. 2 [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (sb/sth) (over) (cause sb/sth to) move so that a different side faces outwards or upwards （使某人[某物]）翻转, 翻过来: If you turn over you might find it easier to get to sleep. 你翻翻身, 就容易睡着了. * Brown the meat on one side, then turn it (over) and brown the other side. 先把肉的一面烤好, 然後翻过来烤另一面. * He sat there idly turning the pages of a book. 他无聊地坐在那儿翻着书. * She turned the chair on its side to repair it. 她把椅子翻转过来修理. * You've turned your jumper inside out. 你的套头毛衣里外穿反了. * Turn the record over and put on (ie start to play) the other side. 把唱片翻过来放另一面. 3 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (cause sb/sth to) change position or direction so as to face or start moving in the specified direction （使某人[某物]）转向, 转弯: About/Left/Right turn! ie as military commands 向後[左/右]转! * It's time we turned and went back home. 我们该返回家去了. * She turned to look at me. 她转过身来看着我. * He turned towards her. 他转向她. * We turned off the motorway at Lancaster. 我们在兰开斯特转弯离开了高速公路. *

turn1
(fig 比喻) Her thoughts turned to (ie She began to think about) her dead husband. 她转而想起死去的丈夫. * He turned his back to the wall. 他转过身去背对着墙. * She turned (her face) away in embarrassment.她不好意思地扭过脸去. (b) [I] (of the tide) start to come in or go out （指潮水）开始涨或落: The tide is turning; we'd better get back. 涨潮了, 咱们最好回去吧. 4 [Tn.pr] aim or point (sth) in the specified direction 瞄准或指向（某物）: Police turned water-cannon on the rioters, ie to disperse them. 警察用高压水龙头对准闹事的人（驱散他们）. * They turned their dogs on us. 他们放狗咬我们. * She turned her eyes towards him. 她的眼睛朝他看. * (fig 比喻) It's time to turn our attention to the question of money. 咱们该考虑钱的问题了. * POINTING OR SENDING SOMETHING IN A PARTICULAR DIRECTION 朝着某方向（送某事物） 5 [Tn.pr, Tn.p, Cn.a] cause (sb/sth) to go in the specified direction 使（某人[某物]）向某方向走: turn a horse into a field 把马放进一片地里 * turn a boat adrift 让船漂流 * It would be irresponsible to turn such a man loose on society. 把这样的人放在社会上不加管束是不负责任的. 6 [Tn.p] fold (sth) in the specified way 摺起, 翻转（某物）: She turned down the blankets and climbed into bed. 她掀起毯子上床去了. * He turned up the collar of his coat and hurried out into the rain. 他竖起大衣领子, 匆匆冒雨出去了. * CHANGING DIRECTION 改变方向 7 [Ipr, Tn] ~ (round) sth go round sth 绕过某物: The car turned (round) the corner and disappeared from sight. 那辆汽车一转弯就不见了. * She waved to me as she turned the corner. 她拐弯时向我挥了挥手. 8 [Ln, Ipr] (of a river, road, etc) curve in the specified direction （指河流、 道路等）朝某方向转弯: The river turns north at this point. 这条河从这里转向北方. * Just before the trees the path turns sharply right. 这条小路就在那片树前向右急转.

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`turn-on n (usu sing 通常作单数) (infml 口) person or thing that excites or stimulates sb, esp sexually 使人激动或兴奋的人或事物（尤指性欲方面）: She thinks hairy chests are a turn-on! 她觉得胸部有毛很让人兴奋! `turn-out n (usu sing 通常作单数) 1 number of people who attend a match, meeting, etc; attendance （比赛、 会议等的）全部参与人（数）: There was a good turn-out at yesterday's meeting. 出席昨日会议的人很多. 2 act of emptying a drawer, a room, etc 清除抽屉、 房间等中之物: These drawers are full of rubbish; it's time I had a good turn-out. 这些抽屉里净是没用的东西, 我得好好清理一下了. 3 way in which sb is dressed 某人的穿着打扮: The headmaster praised the boys for their neat turn-out. 校长表扬男同学服装整齐. `turnover n 1 [sing] amount of business done by a company within a certain period of time （一定时期的）营业额: The firm has an annual turnover of 75 million. 这家公司的年营业额为7500万英镑. * make a profit of 2000 on a turnover of 20000 从20000英镑营业额中获利2000英镑. 2 [sing] rate at which goods are sold and replaced in a shop （商店的）货物周转率: We aim for a quick turnover of stock in our stores. 我们的目的是要加速本百货店的库存周转. 3 [sing] rate at which workers leave a factory, company, etc and are replaced 人事变动率: Why does your company have such a rapid turnover of staff? 贵公司人员变动为什麽这麽快? 4 [C] type of small pie made by folding a piece of pastry round a filling of fruit, jam, etc （用水果、 果酱等作馅的）油酥饺: an apple turnover 苹果油酥饺. `turn-round n 1 (also `turn-around) (usu sing 通常作单数) (of a ship or an aircraft) process of being unloaded at the end of one journey and reloaded for the next one （指船或飞机）在一航程终点卸货并为下一航程装货的作业. 2 = turn-around. `turnstile n revolving gate that allows one person at a time to enter or leave a stadium or sports ground （体育馆、 场中只容一人进或出的）旋转栅门.

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`turntable n 1 flat round revolving surface on which gramophone records are played （唱机上的）唱盘. 2 flat round platform onto which a locomotive runs to be turned round （铁路上的）转车台. `turn-up n 1 (usu pl 通常作复数) turned-up end ofa trouser leg （裤脚的）卷边: Turn-ups are becoming fashionable again. 裤脚留卷边又时兴起来了. 2 (idm 习语) a `turn-up (for the book) (infml 口) unusual or unexpected happening or event 极不寻常的事; 意想不到的事: The champion beaten in the first round? That's a turn-up for the book! 那冠军在第一回合中就败了? 真想不到哇!

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* The road turns to the left after the church. 这条路在经过教堂之後向左转弯. 9 [Tn no passive 不用於被动语态] perform (the specified movement) by moving one's body in a circle 表演（旋转动作）: turn cartwheels/somersaults 作侧手翻[翻筋斗] * She turned a pirouette on the ice. 她在冰上做了个单足旋转动作. * CHANGING STATE OR FORM 改变状态或形式 10 (a) [La, Ln, Cn.a] (cause sb/sth to) become （使某人[某事物]）变成, 成为: The milk turned sour in the heat/The heat turned the milk sour. 牛奶在高温下变酸了. * He turned nasty when we refused to give him the money. 我们不给他钱, 他就凶相毕露了. * Leaves turn brown in autumn. 叶子一到秋天就黄了. * The weather has turned cold and windy. 天气变得寒冷而多风. * She turned a deathly shade of white when she heard the news. 她听到这消息时吓得面无人色. * He's a clergyman turned politician, ie He was formerly a clergyman but is now a politician. 他以前是个教士, 现在成了政治家了. =>Usage at become 用法见become. (b) [Tn] (not in the continuous tenses 不用於进行时态) reach or pass (the specified age or time) 达到或超过（某年龄或时间）: She turned forty last June. 她在刚过去的六月份满四十岁. * It's turned midnight. 已经午夜了. 11 [Ipr, Tn.pr] ~ (sb/sth) (from A) to/into B (cause sb/sth to) pass from one condition or state to another one （使某人[某事物]）由一种状况转为另一种状况: Caterpillars turn into butterflies. 毛虫能变成蝴蝶. * Water turns into ice when it freezes. 天气极冷时水能结成冰. * His expression changed from bewilderment to horror as he realized what had happened. 他初时一愣, 等他明白过来就害怕了. * The experience has turned him into a sad and embittered man. 他经此一役变成了一个凄苦而忧伤的人. * The witch turned the prince into a frog. 女巫把王子变成了青蛙. * The novel was turned into a successful Hollywood film. 那部小说搬上好莱坞银幕後十分成功.

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12 [Tn] shape (sth) on a lathe 用车床加工（某物）; 车削（某物）: turn a chair leg 在车床上车椅子的腿. 13 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become sour （使某物）变酸: The thundery weather has turned the milk. 在雷雨欲来的天气牛奶变酸了. 14 [I, Tn] (of the stomach) have a sick feeling; cause (the stomach) to have a sick feeling （指胃）不适, 作呕, 恶心; 使（胃）不适: The sight of the greasy stew made his stomach turn/turned his stomach. 他一看见油腻的炖肉就恶心. 15 (idm 习语) as it/things turned `out as was shown or proved by later events 正如事後表明或证实的那样; 果然如此: I didn't need my umbrella, as it turned out, ie because it didn't rain. 我原本就不必带伞的, 果不其然（并未下雨）. be well, badly, etc turned `out be well, badly, etc dressed 穿装打扮得好、 不好等: Her children are always smartly turned out. 她的孩子都总是穿得漂漂亮亮的. turn round and do sth (infml 口) say or do sth that displeases sb 说的或做的令人不快: How could she turn round and say that, after all I've done for her. 我为她辛辛苦苦, 她怎麽竟说出那样的话来. (For other idioms containing turn, see entries for ns, adjs, etc 与turn搭配的其他习语见有关名词、 形容词等的词条, 如 not turn a hair => hair; turn a deaf ear => deaf.) 16 (phr v) ,turn a`bout (often used in the form a,bout `turn as a military command 常用about turn这一形式作为军事口令) (esp of soldiers) move so as to face in the opposite direction （尤指军人）向後转: The colonel ordered the troops to turn about. 上校命令部队向後转. * `About turn!’ barked the sergeant-major. ‘向後转!’军士长厉声喊道. turn (sb) against sb (cause sb to) become unfriendly or hostile towards sb （使某人）与某人反目或为敌: She turned against her old friend. 她与老朋友反目成仇了. * After the divorce he tried to turn the children against their mother. 他离婚後竭力教唆子女对抗他们的母亲.

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turn around = turn round. turn a`way (from sb/sth) turn5 /// (b) stop doing sth; abandon sth 停止做某事; 放弃某事物: The job was damaging his health so he had to turn it in. 那工作危害他的健康, 所以他只好放弃了. (c) record or achieve (a score, performance, etc) 取得（分数等）; 完成（表演等）: Thompson turned in a superb performance to win the decathlon. 汤普森在十项全能比赛中表现十分出色. turn `in on oneself become preoccupied with one's own problems and stop communicating with others 埋头於自己的事务而不与他人联系: She's really turned in on herself since Peter left her. 彼得离开她以後, 她就闭门杜绝人事了. turn sth inside out make the inside face outwards 把里面翻作外面: The wind turned my umbrella inside out. 大风把我的伞吹得翻了过去. * She turned all her pockets inside out looking for her keys. 她把衣服口袋都翻出来找她的钥匙. turn `off leave one road in order to travel on another 离开一条路而走上另一条路: Is this where we turn off/where the road turns off for Hull? 这儿就是我们要转往赫尔市方向的路吗? turn sb `off (infml 口) cause sb to be bored or disgusted by sth or not sexually attracted to sb 使某人厌烦或厌恶; 使某人在性的方面不喜爱对方: All that talk about abattoirs turned me right off! 关於屠宰场的那些话让我十分恶心! * Bad breath is guaranteed to turn a woman off! 有口臭管保让女子兴趣顿失! turn sth off (a) stop the flow of (electricity, gas, water, etc) by turning a knob, tap, etc 截断（电流、 煤气、 水等）; 关掉; 关上: turn off the light, oven, tap 关上灯、 烤箱、 龙头 * They've turned off the water while they mend a burst pipe. 他们修理爆裂的水管时, 关上了水门. (b) stop (a radio, television, etc) by pressing a button, moving a switch, etc 关上（收音机、 电视机等）: Let's turn the television off, I'd sooner read a book. 咱们把电视机关上吧, 我宁愿看本书. turn on sb attack sb suddenly and unexpectedly 突然出其不意地攻击某人: His normally placid dog turned on him and bit him in the leg. 他那条狗平日很温顺, 这次突然发作咬了他的腿.

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* Why are you all turning on me (ie criticizing or blaming me)? 你们为什麽都突然冲我来了（批评或责备我）? turn on sth have sth as its main topic 以某事物为主要议题: The discussion turned on the need for better public health care. 讨论的主要议题是必须改善大众保健服务. turn on sth/doing sth depend on sth 依某事物而定: The success of a picnic usually turns on the weather. 参加野餐是否尽兴, 通常要看天气好坏. turn sb `on (infml 口) excite or stimulate sb, esp sexually 使某人激动或兴奋（尤指性欲方面）: Jazz has never really turned me on. 我从未对爵士乐真正产生过兴趣. * She's often turned on by men with beards. 有胡子的男子每每引起她的性欲. turn sth on cause (an oven, a radio, etc) to start functioning by moving a switch, knob, etc 扭开（烤箱、 收音机等）: turn on the light, television, central heating 打开电灯、 电视机、 集中供热设备 * Turn on the gas and light the oven. 转动煤气开关点燃烤箱. * Could you turn on the bath (ie cause the water to start flowing) for me while you're upstairs? 你在楼上替我打开浴缸的水龙头行吗? turn `out (a) be present at an event; appear, assemble or attend 在场; 露面; 集合; 出席: A vast crowd turned out to watch the match. 大群的观众到场观看比赛. * The whole village turned out to welcome the pope. 全村的人都出来欢迎教皇. * Not many men turned out for duty. 出勤人数不太多. (b) (used with an adv or adj, or in questions after how 与副词或形容词连用, 或用於以how引导的疑问句中) take place or happen in the specified way; prove to be 以某方式发生; 证明为: If the day turns out wet we may have to change our plans. 万一下雨的话, 我们也许得改变计画. * `How did the party turn out?’ `It turned out very well, thanks.’ ‘宴会举行得怎麽样?’‘非常成功, 谢谢.’ * I hope all turns out well for you. 我希望你一切顺利. turn (sth) `out (cause sth to) point outwards （使某物）向外: Her toes turn out. 她的脚趾向外撇.

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* She turned her toes out. 她把脚趾向外弯. turn sb/sth out produce sb/sth 培养出某人; 生产或制造某物: The factory turns out 900 cars a week. 该厂每周生产900辆汽车. * The school has turned out some first-rate scholars. 这所学校培养出了一些第一流的学者. turn sth out (a) switch (a light or fire) off; extinguish sth 关掉（灯或炉火）; 熄灭: Remember to turn out the lights before you go to bed. 临睡前别忘了关灯. (b) remove the contents of sth; empty sth 将某物中的东西除掉; 弄空: turn out the attic, one's drawers 把阁楼、 抽屉腾空 * The teacher ordered him to turn out his pockets. 老师叫他把衣袋里的东西全拿出来. turn sb out (of/from sth) force sb to leave a place 赶走某人: My landlord is turning me out at the end of the month. 我的房东让我月底搬走. * She got pregnant and was turned out of the house by her parents. 她怀孕了, 父母把她赶出了家门. turn out to be sb/sth; turn out that... prove to be sb/sth; came to be known that... 证明是某人[某事物]; 原来是...: She turned out to be a friend of my sister/It turned out that she was a friend of my sister. 她原来是我妹妹的朋友. * The job turned out to be harder than we thought. 这工作结果比我们想的要难. turn (sb/sth) over (cause sb/sth to) face in another direction by rolling （使某人[某物]）翻身或翻转: She turned over and went to sleep. 她转过身就睡着了. * The car skidded, turned over and burst into flames. 那汽车一打滑, 翻倒後起火了. * The nurse turned the old man over to wash his back. 护士给老人翻个身擦洗後背. turn sth over (a) do business worth (the specified amount) 做值（某数额）的生意; 营业额达...: The company turns over 150 million a year. 该公司每年的营业额达1.5亿英镑. (b) (of a shop) sell out and replace its stock （指商店）销货和进货, 周转: A supermarket turns over its stock very rapidly. 超级市场货物周转得非常快. turn sb over to sb deliver sb to (the authorities, the police, etc) 把某人交给（负责人、 警方等）: Customs officials turned the man over to the police. 海关人员把那男子送交警方处理. turn sth over to sb give the control or managementof sth to sb 把某事物的控制权或管理权交给某人: He turned the business over to his daughter. 他把生意移交给女儿管理.

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turn `round (also turn a`round) (a) (of a ship or aircraft) unload at the end of one journey and reload for the next one （指船或飞机）在一航程终点卸货并为下一航程装货: These cruise ships can turn round in two days. 这些游船可用两天的时间装卸完毕. (b) (commerce 商) (of shares, the stock-market, etc) begin to show an opposite trend or movement （指股票、 证券市场等）开始显示相反的动向: The American market turned roundsharply a week ago. 美国证券市场於一周前急遽反转. turn(sb/sth) `round (cause sb/sth to) face in a different direction （使某人[某物]）面向另一方向: Turn round and let me look at your back. 转过去, 让我看看你的後背. * Turn your chair round to the fire. 把你的椅子转向炉火一边. turn to begin to work hard or energetically 开始努力地或热情地工作: We turned to and got the whole house cleaned in an afternoon. 我们起劲地干了起来, 一个下午就把整所房子打扫乾净了. turn to sb/sth go to sb/sth for help, advice, etc 向某人[某事物]寻求帮助、 指教等: She has nobody she can turn to. 她求助无门. * The parish priest is someone to whom people can turn in difficult times. 牧区牧师是人们在困难时可以求助的人. * The more depressed he got, the more he turned to drink. 他情绪越低落越是借酒浇愁. * The child turned to its mother for comfort. 那孩子向母亲寻求安慰. turn `up (a) (commerce 商) (of shares, the stock-market, etc) rise; increase; improve （指股票、 股市等）上扬, 反弹, 升值: Investment is turning up sharply. 投资额急遽增长. (b) make one's appearance; arrive 露面; 来到: We arranged to meet at the cinema at 7.30, but he failed to turn up. 我们约定7点30分在电影院见面, 但他没来. * We invited her to dinner but she didn't even bother to turn up. 我们请她吃饭她都不露面. (c) be found (esp by chance) after being lost （失去後）被发现或找到（尤指偶然地）: I'm sure your watch will turn up one of these days. 我担保你的手表准有一天能找到.

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(d) (of an opportunity) present itself; happen （指机会）出现, 到来: He's still hoping something (eg a job or a piece of good luck) will turn up. 他仍在期待机会出现（如得到工作或好运）. turn sth up (a) cause sth to face or point upwards 使某物面朝上或指向上方: He turned up his coat collar against the chill wind. 他竖起大衣领抵御寒风. (b) shorten (a garment) by folding it up at the bottom 摺起衣边改短（衣服）: These trousers are too long; they'll need turning up/to be turned up. 这条裤子太长, 需要改短些. (c) discover sth by digging; expose sth 挖掘而发现某物; 暴露出某物: The farmer turned up a human skull while ploughing the field. 那农民睱地时挖出一个人类的头颅骨. * The soil had been turned up by the plough. 那片地是用睱翻的. (d) increase the loudness of (a radio, television, etc) 开大（收音机、 电视机等）的音量: I can't hear the radio very well; could you turn it up a bit? 收音机我听不太清楚, 你把声音开大点行吗? 复合： `turn-about n act of turning in a different or the opposite direction 转方向; 向後转: (fig 比喻) The government's sudden turn-about (ie change of policy) on taxation surprised political commentators. 政府在税收政策上突然改变, 政评家非常吃惊. `turn-around (also `turn-round) n (usu sing 通常作单数) complete change, eg from a very bad situation to a very good one 彻底的改变（如由极坏到极好）: The change of leader led to a turn-around in the fortunes of the Labour Party. 工党领导人更换後全党时来运转. `turn-off n 1 road that leads away from a larger or more important one 支路; 岔道: This is the turn-off for Bath. 这是通往巴斯市的岔道. 2 (usu sing 通常作单数) (infml 口) person or thing that bores or disgusts sb, or causes sb not to feel sexually attracted 某人厌烦或反感的人或事物; 使某人在性的方面不喜爱的人或事物: Smelly feet are definitely a turn-off as far as I'm concerned. 脚要是有味可真恶心人, 这是我的看法.

turncoat
[5tE:nkEut; 5tEn7kot] n (derog 贬) person who changes from one side, party, etc to another 变节者; 叛徒.

turner
[5tE:nE(r); 5tEnl] n person who operates a lathe 车床工人: * a `metal-/`wood-turner, ie person who turns metal/wood on a lathe 金工[木工]车床工人. Cf 参看 turn1 12.

turning
[5tE:niN; 5tEniN] n place where one road leads off from another （道路的）转弯处, 岔路口: * take the wrong turning 拐错弯 * Take the second turning on/to the left. 在第二个拐弯处向左转. 复合： `turning-circle n smallest possible circle in which a vehicle can turn （车辆的）回转圆. `turning-point n time when a decisive change or development takes place 转折点; 转捩点; 转机: The meeting proved to be a turning-point in her life. 那次会见是她一生的转折点. * The discovery of a vaccine was the turning-point in the fight against smallpox. 牛痘苗的发现是根治天花的关键.

turnip
[5tE:nip; 5tEnip] n 1 [C] (a) plant with a round white, or white and purple, root 芜菁. (b) plant with a brownish purple root; swede 芜菁. 2 [C, U] root of either of these used as a vegetable or as food for cattle 芜菁, 蔓菁, 大头菜（用作蔬菜或牛饲料）: * mashed turnip 大头菜泥 * [attrib 作定语] turnip soup 蔓菁汤.

turnkey
[5tE:nki:; 5tEn7ki] adj [attrib 作定语] built and handed over ready for use, occupation, etc 建成并已交付使用、 入住等的: * a turnkey plant, apartment, etc 已建成即可使用的工厂、 成套房间等.

turnpike
[5tE:npaik; 5tEn7paik] n 1 (US) road for fast-moving traffic which drivers must pay to drive on （收费的）高速公路: * the New Jersey turnpike 新泽西州高速公路. 2 (Brit pike) (formerly) gate on a road that was opened when a traveller paid some money （旧时）（公路上的）收税栅门, 收税卡.

turpentine
[5tE:pEntain; 5tEpEn7tain] (also infml 口语作 turps/tE:ps; tEps] ) n [U] strong-smelling colourless liquid obtained from the resin of certain trees, used esp for thinning paint and as a solvent 松脂; 松节油.

turpitude
[5tE:pitju:d; - -tu:d; 5tEpE7tud] n [U] (fml 文) state or quality of being wicked; depravity 邪恶; 恶劣; 堕落; 腐化.

turquoise
[5tE:kwCiz; 5tEkwCiz] n 1 [C, U] type of greenish-blue precious stone 绿松石: * [attrib 作定语] a turquoise brooch 绿松石的胸针. 2 [U] greenish-blue colour 青绿色: * pale turquoise 浅淡的青绿色. 复合： turquoise adj of this colour 青绿色的: a turquoise dress 青绿色的连衣裙.

turret
[5tQrit; 5tEit] n 1 small tower on top of a larger tower or at the corner of a building or defensive wall 塔楼; 角楼. 2 (on a ship, an aircraft, a fort or a tank) low flat (often revolving) steel structure where the guns are fixed and which protects the gunners （舰船、 飞机、 要塞或坦克上的）炮塔（通常可旋转）: * a warship armed with twin turrets 装备着双炮塔的战舰. 派生： turreted adj having a turret(1) or turrets 有塔楼或角楼的.

turtle
[5tE:tl; 5tEtl] n 1 large reptile that lives in the sea and has flippers and a large horny shell 海龟. 2 (US) any of various types of reptile with a large shell, eg a tortoise, terrapin, etc （任何种类的）龟（如陆龟、 水龟等）. =>illus at tortoise 见tortoise插图. 3 (idm 习语) turn `turtle (infml 口) (of a boat) turn upside down; capsize （指船）倾覆, 翻. 复合： `turtle-dove n type of wild dove noted for its soft cooing and its affectionate behaviour towards its mate and young 斑鸠. `turtle-neck n (garment, esp a sweater, with a) close-fitting neckband that is higher than a crew neck but does not turn over like a polo-neck 高而紧的（但不翻转的）领口; 有这种领口的衣服（尤指毛衣）. `turtle-necked adj: a turtle-necked sweater 高领毛衣. =>illus at neck 见neck插图.

turves
pl of turf.

tusk
[tQsk; tQsk] n either of a pair of very long pointed teeth that project from the mouth of certain animals, eg the elephant, walrus and wild boar （象、 海象、 野猪等的）长牙. =>illus at elephant 见elephant插图. Cf 参看 ivory.

tussle
[5tQsl; 5tQsl] n (infml 口) struggle or fight, esp to take sth away from sb 争斗, 扭打（尤指为抢走物品）: * I had a tussle to get the knife off him. 我与他扭打一阵才把刀子夺下. * (fig 比喻) We have a tussle every year about where to go on holiday. 我们每年都要为前往何处度假而争论一番. 派生： tussle v [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb) (about/for/over sth) struggle or fight to obtain sth; wrestle 争斗; 扭打: They began to tussle with each other for the coins. 他们为争夺硬币扭打起来. * (fig 比喻) He tussled all night with the figures, but couldn't balance the account. 他绞尽脑汁算了一夜也没把帐算清.

tussock
[5tQsEk; 5tQsEk] n tuft or clump of grass that is thicker or higher than the grass growing round it （比周围的草长得密或高的）草丛.

tut
[tQt; tQt] (also tut-tut[7tQt 'tQt; 5tQt'tQt] ) interj, n (way of showing the) sound made by touching the top of one's mouth with the tongue to express disapproval, annoyance, etc （表示不赞成、 烦恼等的）咂嘴（声）: * Tut-tut, the boy's late again! 咳, 这孩子又迟到了! * a tut of disapproval 表示不赞成的咂嘴动作. 派生： tut (also tut-tut) v (-tt-) [I] express disapproval, impatience, etc in this way 咂嘴表示不赞成、 不耐烦等: His wife tut-tutted with annoyance. 他妻子不耐烦地咂着嘴.

tutelage
[5tju:tilidV; - 'tu:-; 5tutlidV] n [U] (fml 文) 1 (a) protection of and authority over a person, country, etc; guardianship （对人、 国家等的）保护, 监护, 守护: * a child in tutelage 受监护的孩子 * royal, Papal, princely tutelage 王室的、 教皇的、 王侯的监护. (b) state or period of being under the authority and protection of a guardian 保护或监护的状况或期间. 2 instruction; tuition 指导; 辅导; 教导: * under the tutelage of a master craftsman 在工艺大师的指导下.

tutelary
[5tju:tilEri; - 'tu:tEleri; 5tutl7eri] adj (fml 文) (a) acting as a guardian or protector 保护的; 监护的; 守护的. (b) of a guardian 保护人的; 监护人的; 守护者的: * tutelary authority 监护人的职权.

tutor
[5tju:tE(r); - 'tu:-; 5tutl] n 1 private teacher, esp one who teaches a single pupil or a very small group 私人教师; 家庭教师: * There is a tutor to teach the children while they're in hospital. 在孩子们住院期间, 有个私人教师给他们上课. 2 (a) (Brit) university teacher who supervises the studies of a student （大学中指导一个学生的）导师: * Her tutor says she is making good progress. 她的导师说她进步很大. (b) (US) assistant lecturer in a college （大专院校的）助教. 3 book of instruction in a particular subject, esp music （某学科的）课本; （尤指）音乐课本: * a violin tutor 小提琴课本. 派生： tutor v 1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (in sth) act as a tutor(n 1, 2) to (sb); teach （任私人教师或大学导师）教（某人）: tutor sb for an examination 任私人教师辅导某人准备考试 * tutor sb in mathematics 任导师教某人数学. (b) [I] work as a tutor 当私人教师; 当导师: Her work was divided between tutoring and research. 她兼做导师工作和研究工作. 2 [Tn, Cn.t] (fml 文) control (oneself or one's feelings) 控制, 约束（自己或感情）: tutor one's passions 抑制强烈的感情 * tutor oneself to be patient 培养耐性. tutorial/tju:'tC:riEl; - tu:-; tu'toriEl] adj of atutor(n 1, 2) 私人教师的; 导师的: * tutorial classes, duties, responsibilities 家庭教师的课、 私人教师的工作、 导师的责任 * in a tutorial capacity 以导师的身分. n period of instruction given by a tutor in a university, esp to one or two students 指导课（尤指大学导师指导一两个学生的）: * attend, give, miss a tutorial 上、 教、 误了一节指导课.

tutti
frutti

tutu
[5tu:tu:; 5tutu] n ballet dancer's short skirt made of many layers of stiffened net 芭蕾舞裙.

tuxedo
[tQk'si:dEu; tQk'sido] n (pl ~s[-dEuz; -doz] ) (also infml 口语作 tux/tQks; tQks] ) (US) = dinner-jacket (dinner).

TV
[7ti: 'vi:; 7ti 'vi] abbr 缩写 = television (set): * What's on TV tonight? 今晚电视有什麽节目? * We're getting a new colour TV. 我们要买个新的彩色电视机了.

twaddle
[5twCdl; 5twadl] n [U] nonsense or writing of low quality 胡言乱语; 拙劣的文字: * I've never heard such utter twaddle! 我还从来没听过这麽愚蠢透顶的话! * The novel is sentimental twaddle. 这部小说纯粹是无病呻吟.

twang
[twAN; twAN] n 1 sound made when a tight string is pulled and released, esp when the string or bow of a musical instrument is plucked 拨弦声; （尤指）弦乐器弹拨声. 2 nasal quality or tone in speech 鼻音: * speak with a twang 说话带鼻音 * a distinctive Texan twang 特有的得克萨斯鼻音. 派生： twang v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) make a twang(1) （使某物）发拨弦声: The bow twanged and the arrow whistled through the air. 那张弓发出‘揭崩’的一声, 箭随之呼啸而去. * Someone was twanging a guitar in the next room. 隔壁有人弹着吉他.

twat
[twCt; twat] n ( infml 讳, 口) 1 female genitals ; 阴门. 2 (derog 贬) unpleasant or stupid person 讨厌鬼; 笨蛋.

tweak
[twi:k; twik] v [Tn] pinch and twist (sth) sharply 拧, 扭（某物）: * She tweaked his ear playfully. 她拧他的耳朵玩儿. 派生： tweak n sharp pinch, twist or pull 拧; 扭; 拉: He gave the boy's ear a painful tweak. 他用力拧了一下那男孩的耳朵.

twee
[twi:; twi] adj (Brit infml derog 口, 贬) attractive to those with sentimental or poor taste 情感柔懦的人或趣味低级的人所喜爱的: * I can't stand those twee little frills. 我看不惯那些花哨的零碎儿. * She has a rather twee manner that I find irritating. 她娇里娇气, 我觉得很讨厌.

tweed
[twi:d; twid] n 1 [U] woollen cloth with a rough surface, often woven with mixed colours 粗花呢（常为杂色的）: * Scottish tweed 苏格兰花呢 * [attrib 作定语] a tweed coat 花呢大衣. 2 tweeds [pl] clothes made of tweed 花呢服装: * He is usually dressed in tweeds. 他常穿花呢服装. 派生： tweedy adj (a) (infml 口) often dressed in tweeds 常穿花呢服装的: The pub was full of tweedy farmers. 小酒店里净是身穿花呢衣服的农民. (b) (joc often derog 谑, 常作贬义) behaving in a hearty way associated with rich country people in Britain 有英国富裕乡下人的派头的; 粗豪的: a rather tweedy golf partner 粗豪的高尔夫球搭档.

tweet
[twi:t; twit] n chirp of a small bird （小鸟的）啁啁声, 啾啾声. 派生： tweet v [I] (of a bird) make this sound （指鸟）啁啾而鸣.

tweeter
[5twi:tE(r); 5twitl] n small loudspeaker for reproducing high notes 小型高频扬声器. Cf 参看 woofer.

tweezers
[5twi:zEz; 5twizlz] n [pl] small pincers for picking up or pulling out very small things, eg hairs from the eyebrows 镊子; 小钳子: * a pair of tweezers 一把镊子 * You'll need tweezers to hold up the specimen. 你要用镊子来夹这标本.

twelve
[twelv; twelv] pron, det 12; one more than eleven 12, 十二（个）. =>App 4 见附录4. 派生：twelfth/twelfW; twelfW] pron, det 12th; next after eleventh 第12, 第十二（个）. ,twelfth `man (in cricket) reserve player （板球的）预备队员, 替补队员. ,Twelfth `Night night before the feast of the Epiphany, formerly celebrated with festivities 显现节的前夕（旧时有庆祝活动）. n one of twelve equal parts of sth 十二分之一. twelve n 1 [C] the number 12 *12; 十二. 2 the Twelve [pl] the twelve apostles of Jesus 耶稣的十二使徒. twelve- (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having twelve of the thing specified 有十二个...的: a twelve-man expedition 一支十二人的考察队. 复合： `twelvemonth n (dated 旧) year 一年. For the uses of twelve and twelfth, see the examples at five and fifth. 关於twelve和twelfth的用法见five和fifth词条中的示例.

twenty
[5twenti; 5twenti] pron, det 20; one more than nineteen 20, 二十（个）. =>App 4 见附录4. 派生： twentieth[5twentiEW; 5twentiiW] pron, det 20th; next after nineteen 第20, 第二十（个）. n one of twenty equal parts of sth 二十分之一. twenty n 1 the number 20 *20; 二十. 2 the twenties [pl] numbers, years or degrees of temperature from 20 to 29 从20到29的数目、 年数或温度. twenty- (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having twenty of the thing specified 有二十个...的: a twenty-volume dictionary 一部有二十卷的词典. For the use of twenty and twentieth, see the examples at five and fifth. 关於twenty和twentieth的用法见five和fifth词条中的示例. 复合： ,twenty-`one n [U] = pontoon2. ,twenty `pence (also ,twenty `p, 20p) (Brit) (coin worth) twenty new pence （新币）二十便士（的硬币）.

twerp
[twE:p; twEp] n (infml 口) stupid, irritating or contemptible person 笨蛋; 讨厌家伙; 卑鄙的人: * You twerp! 你这个笨蛋! * What a twerp he is! 他这个人真讨厌!

twice
[twais; twais] adv 1 two times 两次: * I have seen the film twice. 这部影片我看过两遍了. * He has twice lied to us. 他对我们撒过两次谎. 2 double in quantity, rate, etc 两倍: * The car's performance is twice as good since the engine's been tuned. 这辆汽车调了发动机以後性能好了一倍. * She did twice as much work as her brother. 她干的工作比她弟弟干的多一倍. 3 (idm 习语) be `twice the man/woman (that sb is) be much better, stronger, etc 好、 强...得多: * How dare you criticize him? He's twice the man (that) you are! 你怎麽竟敢说他? 他比你强多了! lightning never strikes in the same place twice => lightning1. once bitten, twice shy => once. once or twice => once. think twice about sth/doing sth => think1. ,twice `over not just once but twice 不只一次, 而是两次: * You've bought enough paint to paint the house twice over! 你买的颜料足够把这所房子粉刷两次用的!

twiddle
[5twidl; 5twidl] v 1 [Ipr, Tn] ~ with sth twist or turn (sth), esp idly or aimlessly 旋弄, 捻弄（某物）（尤指无聊地或无目的地）: * He twiddled with the controls of the radio until he found the station. 他旋弄了一阵收音机的旋钮才找到了那个电台. * She sat twiddling the ring on her finger. 她坐在那儿捻弄手指上的戒指. 2 (idm 习语) twiddle one's thumbs move one's thumbs round each other with one's fingers or waste one's time doing nothing 旋弄两手的大拇指; 无所事事: * I sat twiddling my thumbs waiting for him to finish using the phone. 我坐着无聊地旋弄拇指, 等候他用完电话. * You're not being paid to twiddle your thumbs all day, you know! 给你工钱不是让你整天游手好闲, 明白吗! 派生： twiddle n (a) slight twist or turn; twirl 轻轻的拧或转; 转动. (b) twirled mark or sign 旋转的标志或符号. twiddly[5twidli; 5twidli] adj (infml 口) awkward to handle, play, etc 不好处理、 演奏等的; 棘手的: * the twiddly bits at the end of the sonata 奏鸣曲结尾部难奏之处.

twig
1[twig; twig] n small thin branch that grows out of a larger branch on a shrub or tree 细枝; 嫩枝: * They used dry twigs to start the fire. 他们用乾燥的细树枝来引火. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page i. 派生： twiggy adj having many twigs 多细枝的; 多嫩枝的: twiggy sticks 有很多细枝的枝条.

twilight
[5twailait; 5twai7lait] n [U] 1 (a) faint light after sunset or before sunrise 日落後或日出前的微光; 曙光; 暮色: * I couldn't see their faces clearly in the twilight. 我在曙色朦胧中看不清他们的脸. (b) period of this 黎明或薄暮时分: * farmers walking home at twilight 黄昏时走回家的农民 * Twilight is a dangerous time for drivers. 黎明或黄昏是司机容易出事的时间. 2 the ~ (of sth) (rhet 修辞) period of decreasing importance or strength; decline 衰落时期; 没落: * the twilight of his career 他事业的衰退时期 * [attrib 作定语] his twilight years 他的暮年. 派生： twilit[5twailit; 5twai7lit] adj dimly lit (by the twilight) （曙色或暮色）微明的, 昏暗的: * in the twilit gloom 在黎明或黄昏的昏暗中. 复合： `twilight zone (a) inner city area where the buildings are dilapidated （建 物破旧的）内城区. (b) uncertain area or condition between others that are more clearly defined （介於界限分明的两者之间的）过渡区域, 模糊状态: Wrestling is in a twilight zone between sport and entertainment. 摔交是介於运动和娱乐两者之间的活动.

twill
[twil; twil] n [U] type of strong woven fabric with diagonal lines across its surface 斜纹织物; 斜纹布; 哔叽: * cotton/wool twill 斜纹布[毛哔叽] * [attrib 作定语] a twill skirt 哔叽裙子.

twin
[twin; twin] n 1 [C] either of a pair of children or young animals born of the same mother at the same time 双胞胎之一; 孪生儿之一: * She is expecting twins. 她怀着双胞胎. * One ewe has produced twins. 一只母羊一胎生了两只小羊. * [attrib 作定语] my twin brother/sister 我的孪生兄弟[姐妹] * twin lambs 一胎生的两只小羊羔. 2 [C] either of a pair of similar, usu matching, things 一对相似的（通常相匹配的）事物之一: * The plate was one of a pair, but I broke its twin. 这盘子原来有一对, 我打坏了一个. * [attrib 作定语] There are twin holes on each side of the instrument. 这器械的两边有一对眼 孔. * a ship with twin (ie two identical) propellers 双推进器的船. 3 the Twins [pl] = Gemini. 派生： twin v (-nn-) [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) (a) join (two people or things) closely together; pair 将（两人或两事物）结合在一起; 匹配. (b) set up a special relationship between (two towns in different countries), eg by organizing social or sporting visits 在（两国各一城市）之间建立关系（如开展社交或体育互访活动）: Oxford is twinned with Bonn. 牛津与波恩结成了友好城市. 复合： ,twin `bed either of a pair of single beds in a room for two people 成对的单人床之一. ,twin-`engined adj (of an aeroplane) having two engines （指飞机）双发动机的. `twin set (Brit) woman's matching jumper and long-sleeved cardigan （女用）套装毛衣（一件套头的和一件长袖开襟的）. ,twin `town either of a pair of towns, usu in different countries, that have established special links with each other 建立关系的两城市之一（通常为两国间的）: Oxford and Bonn are twin towns. 牛津和波恩是友好城市. * Oxford's twin town in France is Leon. 牛津在法国的友好城市是里昂.

twine
[twain; twain] n [U] strong thread or string made by twisting two or more strands of hemp, cotton, etc together （麻、 棉等制成的）二股或多股的线或细绳: * a ball of twine 一团合股线. > twine v [Ipr, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) round sth (cause sth to) twist, coil or wind round sth （使某物）盘绕、 缠绕或卷绕某物: * vines that twine round a tree 缠绕在树上的 蔓 * The weed had twined itself round the branches. 杂草盘绕着树枝. * She twined her arms around my neck. 她用双臂搂着我的脖子.

twinge
[twindV; twindV] n 1 short sudden spasm of pain （一阵）剧痛, 刺痛: * an occasional twinge of rheumatism 一阵突发的风湿痛. 2 short sharp (usu unpleasant) thought or feeling; pang 一阵思绪（通常指不快的）; 痛苦: * a twinge of conscience, fear, guilt, regret, remorse, etc 良心、 恐惧、 内疚、 後悔、 悔恨等的一阵难受.

twinkle
[5twiNkl; 5twiNkl] v 1 (a) [I] shine with a light that changes constantly from bright to faint 闪烁; 闪耀: * stars twinkling in the sky 在天空中闪烁的星星 * the lights of the town twinkling in the distance 在远处闪耀的万家灯火. (b) [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) (of a person's eyes) look bright or sparkle, esp because one is amused（指人的眼睛）发亮, 闪光（尤指因愉快）: * Her eyes twinkled with mischief. 她眼睛里闪烁着调皮的光辉. 2 [I] (esp of a person's feet) move rapidly to and fro （尤指人的双脚）迅速地来回移动: * The tune set our toes twinkling. 这个曲调一响起, 我们的足趾也跟着摆动起来. 派生： twinkle n [sing] (a) twinkling light 闪光: We could see the distant twinkle of the harbour lights. 我们可以看见港湾的灯光在远处闪烁. (b) sparkle or gleam in the eyes 目光的闪烁或发亮: She has an amused twinkle in her eye(s). 她高兴得双目熠熠发亮. (c) rapid movement 迅速的移动: the twinkle of the dancers' feet 跳舞的人双脚的轻快移动. twinkling[5twiNkliN; 5twiNkliN] n (idm 习语) in the ,twinkling of an `eye very quickly; instantaneously 转眼; 瞬间; 一刹那: * The mood of the crowd can change in the twinkling of an eye. 群众情绪转眼就能发生变化.

twirl
[twE:l; twEl] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] turn (sth) quickly and lightly round and round; spin 使（某物）轻快地转动; 使旋转: * He walked along briskly, twirling his cane in the air. 他一边轻快地走着, 一边用手杖在空中旋转. * She sat twirling the stem of the glass in her fingers. 她坐在那里用手指捻着玻璃杯的杯颈. 2 [I, Ipr, Ip] move quickly round and round; spin 快速转动; 旋转: * I watched the dancers twirling (across the floor). 我注视着跳舞的人（在舞池中）旋转. 3 [I, Tn, Tn.pr] (cause sth to) twist or curl （使某物）盘绕, 缠绕, 卷曲: * She twirled a strand of hair round her finger. 她把一绺头发卷绕在手指上. 派生： twirl n 1 rapid circular movement; spin 快速的圆周运动; 转动; 旋转: She did a twirl in front of the mirror. 她对着镜子转了一圈. 2 twirled mark or sign; twiddle 旋转的标志或符号.

twist
1[twist; twist] v 1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (round sth/round) coil or wind sth round sth else 使某物缠绕或盘绕另一物: * I twisted the bandage round her knee. 我用 带缠住了她的膝盖. * The telephone wirehas got twisted, ie tangled. 电话线缠绕在一起了. (b) [Ipr,Ip] move or grow by winding round sth 以缠绕或盘绕方式运动或生长: * The snake twisted round my arm. 那条蛇盘绕在我的手臂上. * The sweet peas are twisting up the canes. 香豌豆沿 向上蔓生. 2 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (into sth) turn or wind (threads, etc) to make them into a rope, etc 把（线等）捻或搓成绳等: * We twisted the bed sheets into a rope and escaped by climbing down it. 我们把床单搓成绳子, 援绳下坠逃跑了. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) make (a rope, etc) by doing this 捻成或搓成（绳子等）: * twist a cord from/out of silk threads 把丝线搓成绳子. 3 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] bend or crush (sth) so as to spoil its natural shape 扭曲或挤压（某物）使之变形: * His face was twisted with pain. 他疼得龇牙咧嘴. * The car was now just a pile of twisted metal. 那辆汽车已经成了一堆压缩的废铁了. * (fig 比喻) Failure left her bitter and twisted. 她失败後痛苦不堪, 失去常态. (b) [I, Ipr] be bent or crushed in this way 扭曲或挤压变形: * The metal frame tends to twist under pressure. 这种金属框受压後容易变形. 4 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] turn (sth) round; revolve 转动（某物）; 旋转: * Twist the knob to the right setting. 把旋钮拧到适当的定位挡上. * I twisted my head round to reverse the car. 我扭过头去把汽车向後倒. (b) [I, Ipr, Ip] turn round; revolve 转动; 旋转: * I twisted round in my seat to speak to her. 我坐在位子上转过身来跟她说话. * She was still twisting about in pain. 她疼得一个劲儿地打滚. 5 [I, Ipr, Ip] (eg of a road) change its direction often; wind （道路等）曲折, 盘旋:

twist1
* Downstream the river twists and turns a lot. 这条河的下游弯弯曲曲. * The path twisted down (the hillside). 那条小路（沿山坡）蜿蜒而下. 6 [Tn] injure (eg one's wrist) by turning it too far; sprain 扭伤（腕部等）; 产歪: * a twisted ankle 扭伤的踝关节. 7 [Tn, Tn.pr] deliberately give a false meaning to (words, etc) （故意）歪曲或曲解（词等）的意义: * The papers twisted everything I said. 报纸把我的话全都歪曲了. * The police tried to twist his statement into an admission of guilt. 警方企图把他的话歪曲成承认有罪. 8 [I, Tn] (in billiards) (cause a ball to) move in a curved path while spinning （台球）（使球）侧旋前进. 9 (idm 习语) ,twist sb's `arm (infml 口) persuade or force sb to do sth 说服或强迫某人做某事: * She'll let you borrow the car if you twist her arm. 你要是硬要她把汽车借给你, 她就借给你. twist sb round one's little `finger (infml 口) (know how to) get sb to do anything that one wants （知道怎样）任意摆布某人: * Jane has always been able to twist her parents round her little finger. 简总是能够让父母顺着她. 10 (phr v) twist (sth) off (sth) (cause sth to) come or break off with a twisting movement （将某物）拧开, 扭断: * The cap should twist off easily. 这个帽儿应该容易拧开. * I can't twist off the lid. 我拧不开这个盖子. 派生： twister n (infml 口) 1 dishonest person; liar or cheat 不诚实的人; 说谎的人; 骗子: What a twister! 真是个骗子! 2 difficult puzzle or problem 棘手的事; 难题: That's a real twister. 这事真难办. 3 (US) tornado; whirlwind 龙卷风; 旋风.

twit
1[twit; twit] n (Brit infml often joc 口, 常作戏谑语) stupid or annoying person 傻瓜; 笨蛋; 讨厌的家伙: * He's an arrogant little twit! 他是个自高自大的笨蛋! * Stop messing around, you silly twit! 别胡闹了, 你这个蠢货!

twitch
[twitF; twitF] n 1 sudden rapid (usu involuntary) movement of a muscle, etc 抽搐; 抽动; 痉挛: * I thought the mouse was dead, but then it gave a slight twitch.我以为那只老鼠死了, 这时候它却微微地抽动了一下.2 sudden pull or jerk 突然的拉或晃动: * I felt a twitch at my sleeve. 我觉得有人扯了一下我的袖子. 派生： twitch v 1 [I, Tn] (cause sb/sth to) move with a twitch or twitches （使某人[某物]）抽动或抽搐: The dog's nose twitched as it smelt the meat. 那狗一闻到肉味, 鼻子直抽动. * Her face twitched with pain. 她的脸疼得抽搐起来. 2 [Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ at sth pull sth sharply with a light jerk 猛然轻拉某物: He twitched nervously at his tie. 他紧张地拽了拽领带. * She twitched the corner of the rug to straighten it. 她拉了拉小地毯的一角, 把它弄正. * The wind twitched the paper out of my hand. 一阵风把我手中的报纸刮跑了. twitchy adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) worried or frightened; nervous 忧虑的; 害怕的; 神经紧张的: People are beginning to get twitchy about all these rumours. 大家听到这些谣言都惊慌起来. twitchily adv. twitchiness n [U].

twitter
[5twitE(r); 5twitl] v 1 [I, Ip] (of birds) make a series of light short sounds; chirp （指鸟）吱吱叫, 啁啾. 2 (infml 口) (a) [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (on) (about sth) talk rapidly in an excited or a nervous way （激动地或紧张地）唧唧喳喳地说话: * Stop twittering! 别再唧唧喳喳地说了! * What is he twittering (on) about? 他唧唧喳喳地说什麽呢? (b) [Tn] say (sth) in an excited or nervous way 激动地或紧张地说（某事）: * `It's so marvellous to see you!’ she twittered. ‘见到你可太好啦!’她兴奋地说. 派生： twitter n [sing] 1 sound of chirping 吱吱的叫声; 啁啾声: the twitter of sparrows 麻雀的叫声. 2 (infml 口) state of nervous excitement 激动; 兴奋; 紧张: a twitter of suspense and anticipation 又担心又期望的纷乱心情. 3 (idm 习语) ,all of a `twitter (infml joc 口, 谑) nervous and excited 紧张而兴奋的: We were all of a twitter on the wedding day. 举行婚礼的那一天, 我们都兴奋极了. twittery[5twitEri; 5twitEri] adj (infml 口) nervous 神经紧张的.

two
[tu:; tu] pron, det 1 2; one more than one 2, 二,两（个）. =>App 4 见附录4. Cf 参看 second1. 2 (idm 习语) by/in ,twos and `threes two or three at a time 叁叁两两地: * Applications for the job are coming in slowly in twos and threes. 申请这份工作的信件叁叁两两来得很慢. a `day, `moment, `pound, etc or two one or a few days, moments, pounds, etc 一两天、 一会儿、 一两镑等: * May I borrow the book for a day or two? 这本书我可以借一两天吗? in two in or into two pieces or halves 成两块; 成两半; 成两部分: * The vase fell and broke into two. 花瓶掉下来摔成两半了. * She cut the cake in two and gave me half. 她把蛋糕切成两半, 给了我一块. it takes two to do sth (saying 谚) one person cannot be entirely responsible for (making a happy or an unhappy marriage, a quarrel, a truce, etc) 双方均有责任（婚姻关系、 争吵、 休战等）. put ,two and ,two `together guess the truth from what one sees, hears, etc 根据所见、 所闻等推测出真相: * (joc 谑) He is rather inclined to put two and two together and make five, ie imagine that things are worse, more exciting, etc than they really are 他一推测就出圈儿（把事情想像得比实际糟或有趣等）. that makes `two of us (infml 口) I am in the same position or hold the same opinion 我也如此; 我也这麽看: * `I'm finding this party extremely dull.’ `That makes two of us!’ ‘我觉得这个聚会沉闷极了.’‘我也有同感!’ 派生： two n the number 2 *2; 二. two- (in compounds 用以构成复合词) having two of the thing specified 有两个...的: blue and white two-tone shoes 蓝白双色的鞋 * a two-room flat 两间一套的房子. 复合： ,two `bits (US infml 口) twenty-five cents 二角五分. `two-bit adj (US infml 口) not very good, important, interesting, etc 不太好的; 不太重要的; 没什麽意思的. ,two-di`mensional adj having or appearing to have length and breadth but no depth 二度空间的; 二维的; 二向的; 平面的: a ,two-dimensional `image 平面图像

two1
* (fig 比喻) a ,two-dimensional `character, ie sb who is not very interesting 无深度的人（无趣的人）. ,two-`edged adj (a) (of a knife, sword, etc) having two cutting-edges （指刀、 剑等）双刃的, 双锋的. (b) (fig 比喻) having two possible (and contradictory) meanings or effects at the same time 有双重（矛盾的）含义或作用的: a ,two-edged re`mark 一语双关的话 * Publicity is a,two-edged `weapon. 出了名有利也有弊. ,two-`faced adj deceitful or insincere 两面派的; 虚伪的. `twofold adj, adv 1 twice as much or as many 两倍（的）; 双重（的）: a twofold increase 增加至两倍 * Her original investment had increased twofold. 她原先的投资额已增至两倍. 2 consisting of two parts 由两部分组成的: a twofold development plan 有两部分的发展计画. ,two-`handed adj (a) (of a sword, etc) (to be) held with both hands （指剑等）双手握持的. (b) (of a saw, etc) (to be) used by two people, one at each end （指锯等）两人各持一端操作的, 双人的. ,two `pence (also ,two `p, 2p) (Brit) (coin worth) two new pence （新币）两便士（的硬币）. twopence[5tQpEns; - 'tu:pens; 5tu7pens] (also tuppence) n 1 (esp formerly) sum of two pence （尤指旧时）两便士（金额）. 2 even the smallest amount 甚至最小的数量: * I don't give twopence for/care twopence what they think. 我才不管他们怎麽想呢. * It's not worth twopence. 这个分文不值. twopenny[5tQpEni; - 'tu:peni; 5tu7peni] (also tuppenny) adj (a) costing or worth two pence 值两便士的: * a,twopenny `stamp 一张两便士的邮票. (b) of little or no value; cheap or worthless 没什麽价值的; 便宜的; 不值钱的. twopenny-halfpenny/ 9tQpnI 5heIpnI; ?@ 9tu:penI 5hfpenI; `tu9pZnI`hepnI] adj (infml 口) insignificant, contemptible or worthless 无意义的; 可鄙的; 无价值的: * some twopenny-halfpenny little reporter 某个微不足道的记者.

two2
,two-a-`penny adj [pred 作表语] easily obtained; cheap 易得到; 便宜: Qualified staff are two-a-penny at the moment. 合格的工作人员现在大有人在. ,two-`piece n set of two matching garments, eg a skirt and a jacket or trousers and a jacket 两件一套的衣服（如裙子和上衣或裤子和上衣）: [attrib 作定语] a ,two-piece `suit, `bathing-costume, etc 两件式套装、 泳装等. `two-ply adj (of wool, wood etc) having two strands or thicknesses （指毛线、 木料等）双股的, 双层的. ,two-`seater n car, aircraft, etc with seats for two people 双座的汽车、 飞机等. `twosome[-sEm; -sEm] n 1 group of two people; pair; couple （两人的）一组, 一对, 一双. 2 game played by two people 两人游戏; 两人比赛. `two-time v [I, Tn] (infml 口) deceive (esp a lover by being unfaithful); double-cross (sb) 欺骗（尤指所爱的人, 对之不忠）; 背叛（某人）: a two-timing rogue 欺骗对方的坏蛋 * He'd been two-timing me for months! 他另有所爱, 多少月一直瞒 我! `two-timer n. `two-tone adj [attrib 作定语] having two colours or sounds 有两种颜色或声音的. ,two-`way adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (a) (of a switch) allowing electric current to be turned on or off from either of two points （指开关）双路的, 双向的. (b) (of a road or street) in which traffic travels in both directions （指道路）双行的, 双向的. (c) (of traffic) in lanes travelling in both directions （指交通）双向流动的. (d) (of radio equipment, etc) for sending and receiving signals（指无线电设备等）收发两用的. (e) (of communication between people, etc) operating in both directions （指人等之间的交流）双向进行的, 有来有往的: a ,two-way `process 双向交往. For the uses of two see the examples at five. 关於two的 用法见five词条中的示例.

tycoon
[tai'ku:n; tai'kun] n (infml 口) wealthy and powerful businessman or industrialist; magnate （企业界的）巨头, 大亨: * an `oil tycoon 石油大亨 * a `newspaper tycoon 报业巨子.

tying
=> tie2.

tyke
(also tike)[taik; taik] n (infml 口) 1 (used as a term of abuse 用作辱骂语) worthless person 废物. 2 (esp US) small child, esp one who is naughty 小孩子（尤指顽皮的）; 小淘气. 3 dog of mixed breed; cur 杂种狗.

tympanum
[5timpEnEm; 5timpEnEm] n (pl ~s or -na[-nE; -nE/) (anatomy 解) 1 ear-drum 鼓膜; 耳膜. 2 middleear 鼓室; 中耳.

type
1[taip; taip] n 1 ~ (of sth) class or group of people or things that have characteristics in common; kind 类型; 种类: * different racial types 不同人种 * Which type of tea do you prefer? 你喜欢哪种茶? * all types of jobs/jobs of all types 各种各样的工作 * A bungalow is/Bungalowsare a type of house. 小平房是房子中的一种类型. * winesof the Burgundy type/Burgundy-type wines 勃艮第类型的葡萄酒. 2 ~ (of sth) person, thing, event, etc considered as a representative example of a class or group 有代表性的人、 物、 事等; 典型: * I don't think she's the artistic type. 我认为她不属艺术家那类的人. * not the type of party I enjoy 不是我喜欢的那种聚会 * the old-fashioned type of English gentleman 旧式的英国绅士 * just the type of situation to avoid 就是要防止这种情况. He's true to type, ie behaves as sb of his class, group, etc may be expected to behave. 他就是他那类人的典型. 3 (infml 口) person of a specified character 某种类型的人: * a brainy type 聪明的人 * He's not my type (of person), ie We have little in common. 他跟我不是一个类型的人. 4 (idm 习语) revert to type => revert. 派生： type v [Tn] classify (sth/sb) according to its type 将（某事物[某人]）按类型划分: patients typed by age and blood group 按年龄和血型分类的病人. 复合： type-cast[5taipka:st; - -kAst; 5taip7kAst] v (pt, pp type-cast) [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: * Tn, Cn.n/a] give (an actor) the kind of role which he has often played successfully before or which seems to fit his personality 让（演员）担任其擅长的或适合其个性的角色: * avoid being type-cast as a gangster 避免常演歹徒角色.

typhoid
[5taifCid; 5taifCid] n [U] (also ,typhoid `fever) serious infectious feverish disease that attacks the intestines, caused by bacteria taken into the body in food or drink 伤寒: * [attrib 作定语] a typhoid epidemic 伤寒的流行.

typhoon
[tai'fu:n; tai'fun] n violent tropical hurricane that occurs in the western Pacific 台风. Cf 参看 hurricane, cyclone.

typhus
[5taifEs; 5taifEs] n [U] infectious disease with fever, great weakness and purple spots on the body 斑疹伤寒.

typical
[5tipikl; 5tipikl] adj ~ (of sb/sth) 1 having the distinctive qualities of a particular type of person or thing; representative 典型的; 有代表性的: * a typical Scot, teacher, gentleman 典型的苏格兰人、 教师、 绅士 * a typical British pub 典型的英式小酒店 * a typical cross-section of the population 有代表性的人口实例调查. 2 characteristic of a particular person or thing （某人或某事物）特有的, 独特的: * It was typical of her to forget. 她这人就是爱忘事. * He answered with typical curtness. 他像往常一样, 回答时唐突无礼. * On a typical (ie normal, average) day we receive about fifty letters. 我们通常一天收到约五十封信. * Such decoration was a typical feature of the baroque period. 这种装饰是巴罗克时期的特徵. * (infml 口) The train's late again typical! 火车又晚点了--一贯如此! 派生： typically[-kli; -kli] adv 1 representing a particular type of person or thing 典型地; 有代表性地: * typically American hospitality 美国人特有的殷勤好客. 2 characteristic of a particular person or thing （某人或某事物）特有地, 独特地: * Typically, she had forgotten her keys again. 她就是这样, 又忘了带钥匙.

typify
[5tipifai; 5tipE7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn] (usu not in the continuous tenses 通常不用於进行时态) be arepresentative example of (sb/sth) 作为（某人[某事物]）的典型: * Now a millionaire, he typifies the self-made man. 他成了百万富翁, 可以说是白手起家的典型. * The nurses' strike typifies public concern about our hospitals. 这次护士罢工集中地反映出公众对医疗事业的关心.

typography
[tai'pCgrEfi; tai'pagrEfi] n [U] 1 art or practice of printing 印刷（术）. 2 style or appearance of printed matter 印刷版面式样: * set to a high standard of typography 排出高质量的版面. 派生： typographer/tai'pCgrEfE(r); tai'pagrEfl] n person skilled in typography 印刷工人. typographical[7taipE'grAfikl; 7taipE'grAfikl] adj. typo-graphically[-kli; -kli] adv.

tyrannical
[ti'rAnikl; ti'rAnikl] (also fml 文作 tyrannous[5tirEnEs; 5tirEnEs] ) adj of or like a tyrant; obtaining obedience by force or threats （似）暴君的; 专横的: * a tyrannical regime 专制政体 * She works for a tyrannical new boss. 她在一个专横的新上司手下工作. > tyrannically[-kli; -kli] adv.

tyrannize, tyrannise
[5tirEnaiz; 5tirE7naiz] v [Ipr, Tn] ~ (over) sb/sth rule sb/sth as a tyrant; treat sb cruelly and unjustly 暴虐统治; 横暴对待某人: * tyrannize over the weak 欺压弱小 * He tyrannizes his family. 他在家里称王称霸.

tyranny
[5tirEni; 5tirEni] n 1 (a) [U] cruel, unjust or oppressive use of power or authority 暴虐; 残暴; 专横; 专制: * a lifelong hatred of tyranny 终生对暴政疾恶如仇 * the tyranny of military rule 军事统治的残暴 * (fig 比喻) submit to the tyranny of inflexible office hours 屈从於硬性规定的办公时间. (b) [C esp pl 尤作复数] instance of this; tyrannical act 暴虐; 专横; 暴行: * the petty tyrannies of domestic routine 内部惯常的专横做法. 2 [C, U] (country under the) rule of a tyrant 暴君统治（的国家）.

tyrant
[5taiErEnt; 5tairEnt] n cruel, unjust or oppressive ruler, esp one who has obtained complete power by force; despot 暴虐的统治者（尤指凭武力夺取大权者）; 专制君主; 暴君.

tyre
(US tire)[5taiE(r); tair] n covering fitted round the rim of a wheel to absorb shocks, usu of reinforced rubber filled with air or covering a pneumatic inner tube 轮胎: * a bicycle tyre 自行车胎 * a spare tyre 备用轮胎 * a burst/flat/punctured tyre 爆了的[瘪了的/穿了孔的]轮胎 * Your tyres are badly worn. 你的轮胎磨损得很厉害.* [attrib 作定语] tyre pressure 轮胎气压. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, pages xii, xiii.

tyro
= tiro.

tzar
=> tsar.

tzarina
=> tsar.

U
boat

U, u
1[ju:; ju] n (pl U's, u's/ju:z; juz] ) the twenty-first letter of the English alphabet 英语字母表的第二十一个字母: * `Ursula' begins with (a) U/`U'. Ursula一字以U字母开始. 复合： `U-turn n 1 turn of 180 (by a car, etc) so as to face in the opposite direction without reversing （汽车等的）180转弯, 向後转, 掉头: No U-turns, ie as a sign on motorways, etc. 禁止後转弯（高速公路等的标牌用语）. 2 (idm 习语) do a `U-turn (infml 口) reverse one's policy 彻底改变政策: The government has done a U-turnon its economic policy. 政府的经济政策已经完全改变了.

UAE
[7ju: ei 'i:; 7ju e 'i] abbr 缩写 = United Arab Emirates 阿拉伯联合酋长国.

UAR
[7ju: ei 'a:(r); 7ju e 'ar] abbr 缩写 = United Arab Republic 阿拉伯联合共和国.

ubiquitous
[ju:'bikwitEs; ju'bikwEtEs] adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] (fml or joc 文或谑) (seeming to be) present everywhere or in several places at the same time （似乎）普遍存在的, 无处不有的: * Is there no escape from the ubiquitous cigarette smoke in restaurants? 餐厅里吸烟的烟雾就没有地方躲得过去吗? * ubiquitous traffic wardens到处都是管违章停车的交通管理员. 派生： ubiquity/ju:'bikwEti; ju'bikwEti] n [U] quality of being ubiquitous 普遍存在; 无处不有.

UCCA
[5QkE; 5QkE] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Universities CentralCouncil on Admissions 大学统一招生委员会: * fill in an UCCA form, ie with the subjects and universities chosen 填写大学统一招生委员会表格（选择专业及学校）.

UDA
[7ju: di: 'ei; 7ju di 'e] abbr 缩写 = Ulster Defence Association 北爱尔兰防务协会.

udder
[5QdE(r); 5Qdl] n bag-like organ of a cow, female goat, etc, with two or more teats, which produces milk （母牛、 母羊等的）乳房. =>illus at cow 见cow插图.

UDI
[7ju: di: 'ai; 7ju di 'ai] abbr 缩写 = unilateral declaration of independence 单方面宣告独立.

UDR
[7ju: di: 'a:(r); 7ju di 'ar] abbr 缩写 = Ulster Defence Regiment 北爱尔兰防卫军.

UEFA
[ju:'i:fE; ju'ifE] abbr 缩写 = Union of European Football Associations 欧洲足球协会联合会: * the UEFA cup 欧洲足联杯.

UFO
(also ufo)[ 9ju: ef 5EU or, in informal use, 俗读作5ju:fEU; 9ju Zf `o, `ju9fo] abbr 缩写 = (pl ~s) unidentifiedflying object (esp a flying saucer) 不明飞行物（尤指飞碟）.

ugh
(usu suggesting a sound like/E:; E] made with the lips either spread or rounded very strongly 通常指类似/ \:/的声音, 发音时双唇呈扁或圆形) interj (used to indicate disgust or horror, and usu accompanied by an appropriate facial expression 用以表示厌恶或恐惧, 通常伴有相应的面部表情): * Ugh! You're eating snails! 喔唷, 你吃蜗牛啊!

ugli
[5Qgli; 5Qgli] n (pl ~s or ~es) (also `ugli fruit) mottled green and yellow W Indian citrus fruit, a hybrid of a grapefruit and a tangerine 丑橘（产於西印度群岛的黄绿杂色柑橘, 系葡萄柚与橘的杂交品种）.

ugly
[5Qgli; 5Qgli] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 unpleasant to look at or to hear 难看的; 难听的; 丑陋的: * an ugly face, child,building 难看的脸、 小孩、 建 物 * an ugly wound, gash,scar, etc 丑陋的伤口、 刀伤、 伤痕等 * the ugly screeching of parrots 鹦鹉那难听的尖叫声. 2 hostile or menacing; ominous 有敌意的; 阴险的; 不祥的: * ugly threats, rumours, insinuations, etc 居心叵测的威胁、 谣言、 旁敲侧击等 *an ugly laugh, look, wink, etc 奸险的笑声、 表情、 眨眼等 * The situation in the streets was turning/growing ugly. 街上的情形越发不妙了. * The crowd was in an ugly mood. 群众已人心汹汹. * An ugly storm is brewing. 一场可怕的风暴即将来临. 3 (idm 习语) miserable/ugly as sin => sin. an ,ugly `customer (infml 口) person who is difficult, dangerous or unpleasant to deal with 难对付的人; 危险的人; 讨厌的人. an ,ugly `duckling person who at first seems unpromising but who later becomes much admired, very able, etc 丑小鸭（初时似无甚出息而後出人头地的人）. > ugliness n [U].

UHF
[7ju: eitF 'ef; 7ju etF 'ef] abbr 缩写 = (radio 无) ultra-high frequency 超高频. Cf 参看 VHF.

UHT
[7ju: eitF 'ti:; 7ju etF 'ti] abbr 缩写 = (of dairy products) ultra heat treated (for longer life) （指乳制品）经高温处理的: * UHT milk 经高温消毒的牛奶.

UK
[7ju: 'kei; 7ju 'ke] abbr 缩写 = (esp in addresses) United Kingdom (of Great Britain and Northern Ireland) （尤用於通讯地址）（大不列颠及北爱尔兰）联合王国（即英国）: * a UK citizen 英国公民. =>Usage at great 用法见great.

ukulele
[7ju:kE'leili; 7jukE'leli] n small four-stringed Hawaiian guitar similar to a banjo 尤克莱利琴（一种小型夏威夷四弦吉他, 形似班卓琴）: * strumming tunes on his ukulele （他）用尤克莱利琴随便弹奏曲调.

ulcer
[5QlsE(r); 5Qlsl] n open sore containing poisonous matter on the outside of the body or on the surface of an internal organ 溃疡: * leg ulcers 腿部溃疡 * gastric ulcers 胃溃疡 * My mouth has an ulcer. 我的口腔出现了溃疡. 派生： ulcerate[5QlsEreit; 5Qlsl7et] v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become affected with an ulcer or ulcers （使某物）形成溃疡: * Aspirin can ulcerate the stomach lining. 阿司匹林能造成胃壁溃疡. ulceration[7QlsE'reiFn; 7QlsE'reFEn] n: * severe ulceration of the legs 腿部的严重溃烂. ulcerous[5QlsErEs; 5QlslEs] adj affected with or producing ulcers 溃疡的; 形成溃疡的.

ulna
[5QlnE; 5QlnE] n (pl -nae[-ni:; -ni] ) (anatomy 解) inner and thinner of the two bones of the forearm inman; corresponding bone in an animal's foreleg or bird'swing 尺骨. =>illus at skeleton 见skeleton插图. Cf 参看 radius.

ulterior
[Ql'tiEriE(r); Ql'tiril] adj [attrib 作定语] (fml 文) beyond what is obvious or admitted 隐秘的; 别有用心的: * This lever must serve some ulterior purpose. 这撬棒准是用於不可告人的目的的. * Jim had ulterior motives in buying me a drink he wants to borrow my van. 吉姆请我喝酒是另有所图--他想借用我的客货车.

ultimate
[5QltimEt; 5QltEmit] adj [attrib 作定语] 1 beyond which no other exists or is possible; last or final达到极限的; 最後的; 终极的: * the ultimate outcome, result,conclusion, etc 最终的结局、 结果、 结论等 * Managementmust take ultimate responsibility for the strike. 资方对此次罢工该负完全的责任. * Nuclear weapons are the ultimate deterrent. 核武器是终极的威慑力量. 2 from which everything else is derived; basic or fundamental 基本的; 根本的; 首要的: * ultimate principles, questions, causes 基本原理、 问题、 原因 * the ultimate truths of philosophy and science 哲学和科学的基本原则. 3 (infml 口) that cannot be surpassed or improved upon; greatest 无法超越的; 极好的; 最大的: * The ultimate luxury of the trip was flying in Concorde. 这一行程中最大的享受就是乘坐协和式飞机. 派生： ultimate n [sing] the ~ (in sth) (infml 口) the greatest, most advanced, etc of its kind 最大的或最先进的事物: These ceramic tiles are the ultimate in modern kitchen design. 这种瓷砖是现代厨房装修中的极品. ultimately adv 1 in the end; finally 最後; 终於: Ultimately, all the colonies will become independent. 所有的殖民地最终均将独立. 2 at the most basic level; fundamentally 根本; 基本上: All matter ultimately consistsof atoms. 一切物质从根本上说都是由原子组成的.

ultimatum
[7Qlti'meitEm; 7QltE'metEm] n (pl ~s or -ta[-tE; -tE] ) final demand or statement of terms to be accepted without discussion, eg one sent to a foreign government and threatening war if the conditions are not accepted 最後通牒; 哀的美敦书: * accept, reject, issue, deliver an ultimatum 接受、 拒绝、 发出、 送交最後通牒.

ultra-
pref 前缀 (used fairly freely with adjs 可用作较多形容词的前缀) 1 extremely; to excess 极端; 过分: ultra-conservative * ultra-fashionable. 2 beyond a specified limit, extent, etc 超过某一限度、 范围等: ultraviolet * ultra-high. Cf 参看 infra-.

ultramarine
[7QltrEmE'ri:n; 7QltrEmE'rin] adj, n [U] (of a) brilliant pure blue 佛青色（的）.

ultrasonic
[7QltrE'sCnik; 7QltrE'sanik] adj (of sound waves) pitched above the upper limit of human hearing （指声波）超声（波）的.

ultrasound
[5QltrEsaund; 5QltrE7saund] n [U] sound withan ultrasonic frequency; ultrasonic waves 超声（波）: * [attrib作定语] an ultrasound scan, eg to detect abnormality in a foetus 超声波扫描检查（如可用以检查胎儿是否畸形）.

ultraviolet
[7QltrE'vaiElEt; 7QltrE'vaiElit] adj [usu attrib通常作定语] 1 (physics 物) (of radiation) with a wavelengththat is just beyond the violet end of the visible spectrum （指辐射）紫外的: * ultraviolet rays, ie causing sun-tanning 紫外线. 2 of or using such radiation 紫外线的; 利用紫外线的: * an ultraviolet lamp 紫外线灯 * ultraviolet treatment, ie for skin diseases 紫外线疗法（用以治疗皮肤病）. Cf 参看 infra-red (infra).

ululate
[5ju:ljuleit; 5juljE7let] v [I] (fml 文) howl or wail 嚎叫; 哀号. > ululation[-leiFn; -leFEn] n [U, C]: * the ululations of the mourning women 女子哀悼中的恸哭.

umber
[5QmbE(r); 5Qmbl] n [U] natural colouring-matter similar to ochre but darker and browner 棕土, 赭土（一种深棕色天然颜料）: * burnt umber, ie reddish-brown pigment 烧棕土（一种红棕色颜料）. 派生： umber adj yellowish or reddish-brown 黄棕色的; 红棕色的.

umbilicus
[ Qm5bIlIkEs; also, in medical use, 作医学用语时读作 9QmbI5laIkEs; Qm`bIlIkEs, 9QmbI`laIkEs] n (anatomy 解) navel 脐. 派生： umbilical/ Qm5bIlIkl; also, in medical use, 作医学用语时读作 9QmbI5laIkl; Qm`bIlIkl] adj of, near or concerning the umbilicus 脐的; 近脐的; 与脐相关的. 复合： um,bilical `cord flexible tube of tissue connecting the placenta to the navel of the foetus and carryingnourishment to it before birth 脐带: (fig 比喻) By leavingmy parents' home, I cut/broke the umbilical cord. 我离开父母开始自立.

umbra
[5QmbrE; 5QmbrE] n (pl -rae[-ri:; -ri] or ~s) (astronomy 天) dark central part of the shadow cast by the earth or the moon in an eclipse, or of a sunspot 本影. Cf 参看 penumbra.

umbrage
[5QmbridV; 5QmbridV] n (idm 习语) give `umbrage; take `umbrage (at sth) (fml or joc 文或谑) (make sb) feel offended or slighted （使某人）感到受到了冒犯或怠慢: * I invited her because I was afraid ofgiving umbrage. 我邀请了她, 因为我怕得罪她. * He tookumbrage at my remarks and left. 他觉得我的话伤了他的感情, 便离开了.

umbrella
[Qm'brelE; Qm'brelE] n 1 folding frame of spokes attached to a stick and handle and covered with fabric, used to shelter a person from rain 伞; 雨伞: * put up/take down an umbrella 把伞张开[合起]. Cf 参看 parasol, sunshade (sun). 2 (fig 比喻) any kind of general protecting force or influence 起保护作用的力量或势力: * sheltering under the American nuclear umbrella在美国核保护伞的庇护下 * Police operated under the umbrella of the security forces. 警方在保安部队的掩护下采取了行动. 3 [esp attrib 尤作定语] (fig 比喻) central controlling agency for a group of related companies: * 企业集团的中央管理机构 * an umbrella organization, group, project 作为中央管理机构的组织、 作为中央管理机构的团体、 总项目.

umlaut
[5umlaut; 5umlaut] n (a) [U] (in Germanic languages) vowel change in related forms of a word, shown by two dots over the vowel in one of them, eg der Mann/die Manner (= the man/the men) in German （日耳曼语系中的）元音变化（在元音上加两点作为标志, 如德语中的der Mann/die Manner）. (b) [C] sign (consistingof two dots) that shows this 变音符（标示上述元音变化的两点）. Cf 参看 diaeresis.

umpire
[5QmpaiE(r); 5Qmpair] n (a) (in tennis, cricket, etc) person appointed to see that the rules are observed and to settle disputes （网球、 板球等的）裁判员. =>illusat baseball, cricket, tennis 见baseball、 cricket、 tennis插图. (b) person chosen to act as a judge between two parties who disagree 仲裁人; 公断人. Cf 参看 referee. 派生： umpire v [I, Tn] act as umpire in (a game, etc) 在（比赛等中）当裁判、 仲裁人或公断人: umpire a match, competition, dispute 在比赛中当裁判、 在竞争中当公断人、 在争端中当仲裁人.

umpteen
[5Qmpti:n; 5Qmp'tin] pron, det (infml 口) too many to count; numerous 数不清的; 无数的: * Umpteen of them left. 他们许多人都走了. * have umpteen reasons for being late 迟到有许多理由. > umpteenth[5Qmpti:nW; 5Qmp'tinW] pron, det: * For the umpteenth time, I tell you I don't know! 我告诉你多少次了, 我不知道!

un
American

unabashed
[7QnE'bAFt; 7QnE'bAFt] adj (fml or joc 文或谑) not ashamed, embarrassed or awed, esp when there is reason for being so 不害羞的, 不难为情的, 无敬畏之心的（尤指有原因令人害羞、 难为情等时）: * Tim appearedunabashed by all the media attention. 蒂姆成了传播媒介的焦点, 却也满不在乎.

unabated
[7QnE'beitid; 7QnE'betid] adj [usu pred 通常作表语] (of a storm, an argument, a crisis, etc) as strong,violent, serious, etc as before （指风暴、 论争、 危机等）仍然强烈、 猛烈、 严重等, 并未消减: * The gales continuedunabated. 风势毫未稍减. * Our enthusiasm remained unabated. 我们的热情一如既往.

unable
[Qn'eibl; Qn'ebl] adj [pred 作表语] ~ to do sth (esp fml 尤作文雅语) not having the ability, opportunity or authority to do sth 没有做某事的能力、 机会或权力: * She is unable to walk. 她不能行走. * I tried to contact him but was unable to. 我竭力想与他联系, 但是没联系上.

unabridged
[7QnE'bridVd; 7QnE'bridVd] adj (of a novel, play, speech, etc) published, performed, etc without being shortened in any way （指小说、 戏剧、 讲话等）未删节的, 完整的: * unabridged editions/versions of `War and Peace' 《战争与和平》的全文版本.

unacceptable
[7QnEk'septEbl; 7QnEk'septEbl] adj that cannot be accepted, approved or forgiven 不能接受的;不能赞同的; 不能原谅的: * unacceptable terms, suggestions,arguments, solutions 不能接受的条件、 建议、 论点、 解决办法 * Imprisonment without trial is totally unacceptablein a democracy. 在民主政体中, 不经审讯而监禁是不允许的. 派生： unacceptably[-bli; -bli] adv: * unacceptably low standards 无法接受的低标准.

unaccompanied
[7QnE'kQmpEnid; 7QnE'kQmpEnid] adj1 (fml 文) without a companion; unescorted 无伴的; 无陪伴的: * Children unaccompanied by an adult will not be admitted. 儿童无成人带领不得入内. * unaccompanied luggage/baggage, ie travelling separately from its owner 托运的行李. 2 (music 音) performed without an accompaniment 无伴奏的: * sing unaccompanied 无伴奏演唱.

unaccountable
[7QnE'kauntEbl; 7QnE'kauntEbl] adj 1 that cannot be explained or accounted for 无法解释的; 难以说明的: * an unaccountable increase in cot deaths, ie of babies 难以解释的婴儿猝死数量上升的现象 * For some unaccountable reason, the letter never arrived. 不知何故, 那封信始终未收到. 2 ~ (to sb/sth) (fml 文) not answerable for one's actions, etc; not accountable （对自己的行为等）不必负责任的, 无责任的. 派生： unaccountably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv inexplicably 难以说明地; 莫名其妙地: * unaccountably absent from the meeting 无缘由未到会.

unaccounted
[7QnE'kauntid; 7QnE'kauntid] adj [pred 作表语] ~ for (a) not included in an account, a tally, etc 未包括在某数目、 帐目等中: * One passenger is still unaccounted for. 仍有一个旅客未在其中. (b) not explained 未予解释的; 未加说明的: * His disappearance is unaccounted for. 他失踪原因不明.

unaccustomed
[7QnE'kQstEmd; 7QnE'kQstEmd] adj 1 ~to sth not in the habit of doing sth; not used to sth 不习惯的; 不适应的: * Unaccustomed as I am to public speaking...本人并不习惯於当众讲话.... 2 uncharacteristic or unusual 不寻常的; 不一般的: * his unaccustomed silence 他那罕有的沉默 * the unaccustomed luxury of cheap foreign travel 廉价国外旅游中难得的享受.

unacknowledged
[7QnEk'nClidVd; 7QnEk'nalEdVd] adj not fully recognized or appreciated 未得到充分认可、 赏识或感谢的: * an unacknowledged master of his craft 在他这行手艺中未受到赏识的大师 * Her contribution to the research went largely unacknowledged. 她在这项研究中的贡献大都没有获得承认.

unadopted
[7QnE'dCptid; 7QnE'daptid] adj (Brit) (of a road) not taken over for maintenance by a local authority （指道路）未经地方当局承担保养的.

unadulterated
[7QnE'dQltEreitid; 7QnE'dQltE7retid] adj 1 (esp of food) not mixed with other substances; pure （尤指食物）不搀其他物质的, 纯的. 2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (infml 口) complete or utter 完全的; 十足的: * talking pure unadulterated nonsense 纯粹胡说八道 * unadulterated bliss 极幸福.

unaffected
[7QnE'fektid; 7QnE'fektid] adj 1 ~ (by sth) not changed or affected (by sth) 无变化的; 不受影响的: * rights unaffected by the new laws 不受新法规影响的权利* The children seem unaffected emotionally by their parents'divorce. 孩子在情绪上似乎未受到父母离婚的影响. 2 free from affectation; sincere 不矫揉造作的; 真挚的: * welcome sb with unaffected pleasure 以发自内心的喜悦欢迎某人.

unalloyed
[7QnE'lCid; 7QnE'lCid] adj (fml 文) not mixed,eg with negative feelings; pure 不混杂的（如无不快的感情等）; 纯粹的: * ,unalloyed `joy, en`thusiasm, ex`citement, etc 真正的欢乐、 热情、 兴奋等.

unanimous
[ju:'nAnimEs; ju'nAnEmEs] adj (a) ~ (in sth) all agreeing on a decision or an opinion 一致同意的: * The villagers are unanimous in their opposition to the building of a bypass. 村民一致反对修建旁道. (b) (of a decision, an opinion, etc) given or held by everybody （指决定、 意见等）一致做出的, 一致通过的: * He was elected by a unanimous vote. 他以全票当选. * The proposal was accepted with unanimous approval. 全体一致通过了那项建议. 派生： unanimity[7ju:nE'nimEti; 7junE'nimEti] n [U] complete agreement or unity 一致同意; 全体一致. unanimously adv.

unannounced
[7QnE'naunst; 7QnE'naunst] adj without prior warning or notification; unexpected 未事先宣布的; 未通知的; 突如其来的: * make unannounced safety checks on equipment 对设备进行突然的安全检查 * He arrived unannounced. 他未事先通知而来到.

unanswerable
[7Qn'a:nsErEbl; - 7Qn'An-; Qn'AnsErEbl] adj that cannot be answered or refuted by a good argument to the contrary 无法回答的; 无可辩驳的: * His case/defence is unanswerable. 他的辩解无懈可击.

unapproachable
[7QnE'prEutFEbl; 7QnE'protFEbl] adj (of a person) difficult to talk to (because too stiff,formal, etc) （指人）（因太古板、 拘谨等）难以接近的, 不易与之谈话的.

unarmed
[7Qn'a:md; Qn'armd] adj (a) without weapons 无武器的; 未武装的: * Britain is proud of its unarmed police force, ie that does not carry guns. 英国引以自豪的是警察不携带武器. * He walked into the camp unarmed. 他走进战俘营中, 身上未带任何武器. (b) not using weapons 不使用武器的: * soldiers trained in unarmed combat 受过徒手格斗训练的士兵.

unashamed
[7QnE'Feimd; 7QnE'Femd] adj feeling or showing no guilt or embarrassment 无羞耻心的; 不觉难堪的: * They kissed each other with unashamed delight. 他们愉快地相吻, 并不觉得难为情. > unashamedly/ 9QnE5FeImIdlI; 9QnE`FemIdlI/ adv: * unashamedly pursuing her own interests 厚着脸皮追求她自己的利益.

unasked
[7Qn'a:skt; - 7Qn'Askt; Qn'Askt] adj without being asked or invited 未被问及的; 未经邀请的: * The meeting ended and the all-important question remained unasked. 会议结束了, 重要的问题都未提出来. * She came to the party unasked. 她未经邀请而来参加聚会. 复合： unasked for without being asked for or requested 未经要求的; 未经请求的; 主动的: [attrib 作定语] unasked-for (ie voluntary) contributions to the fund 为筹集基金的主动捐赠.

unassailable
[7QnE'seilEbl; 7QnE'selEbl] adj (a) that cannot be attacked or conquered 攻不破的; 不可征服的:an unassailable stronghold, fortress, etc 攻不破的堡垒、 要塞等 * Liverpool have (built up) an unassailable lead at the top of the First Division. 利物浦队高居甲级队之首, 所向无敌. (b) (fig 比喻) that cannot be questioned or refuted 不容置疑的; 无可辩驳的: * Her position/argument is unassailable. 她的立场[论点]是无懈可击的.

unassuming
[7QnE'sju:miN; - 7QnE'su:-; 7QnE'sumiN] adj not drawing attention to oneself or to one's merits or rank; modest 不爱表现自己的; 不爱显示或夸耀的; 谦逊的: * a gentle, quiet and unassuming manner 高雅、 文静而谦逊的态度. > unassumingly adv.

unattached
[7QnE'tAtFt; 7QnE'tAtFt] adj 1 not connected with or belonging to a particular body, group, etc （与某团体、 组织等）无关系的, 非附属的: * people unattached to any political organization 同任何政治组织无联系的人们. 2 not married or engaged; without a regular companion 未结婚的; 未订婚的; 无固定伴侣的.

unattended
[7QnE'tendid; 7QnE'tendid] adj 1 with its owner not present 物主不在场的: * unattended vehicles, suitcases, etc causing suspicion 无主车辆、 手提箱等令人生疑. 2 ~ (to) not supervised or given care or attention 无人看管的; 无人照料的: * leave the shop-counter,telephone, etc unattended 柜台、 电话等无人照管 * They left the baby at home unattended all evening. 他们把那婴儿留在家里, 整晚无人照料. * old correspondence still unattended to 仍未答覆的旧信件.

unavailing
[7QnE'veiliN; 7QnE'veliN] adj without effect or success; futile 徒劳的; 无效的; 白费的: * unavailing efforts/attempts to stop smoking 戒烟而未戒成 * All our protests were unavailing. 我们所有的反对意见都毫无作用.

unavoidable
[7QnE'vCidEbl; 7QnE'vCidEbl] adj that cannotbe avoided 不可免除的: * unavoidable duties 不可推卸的责任. > unavoidably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv: * unavoidably absent/delayed 不得已而缺席[耽搁].

unaware
[7QnE'weE(r); 7QnE'wer] adj [pred 作表语] ~ (of sth/that...) ignorant or not conscious of sth 不知道; 未觉察: * be socially, politically, etc unaware 对社会、 政治等问题不了解 * He was unaware of my presence/that I was present. 他不知道我在场. * (fml 文) I am not unaware of the problem. 我并非不了解这一问题. 派生： unawares[-'weEz; -'werz] adv 1 by surprise; unexpectedly 吃惊地; 未料到地: * She came upon him unawares as he was searching her room. 她撞见他正在搜查她的房间. 2 without being aware; unconsciously 不知不觉地; 无意地: * I must have dropped my keys unawares.我准是不留神把钥匙丢了. 3 (idm 习语) catch/take sb una`wares surprise or startle sb 使某人吃惊; 把某人吓一跳: * You caught us unawares by coming so early. 你来得这麽早, 我们都很惊讶.

unbalance
[7Qn'bAlEns; Qn'bAlEns] v [I, Tn] upset the balance of (sb/sth) 使（某人[某事物]）失去平衡; 使（某人）精神紊乱: * Her death had an unbalancing effecton Joe, ie on his mind. 她一死, 乔在精神上打击很大.* Over-production is seriously unbalancing the EEC economy. 因生产过剩, 欧洲共同体经济严重失衡. 派生： unbalanced adj 1 [esp pred 尤作表语] (of a person, his mind, etc) insane, abnormal or eccentric （指人、 精神等）发狂、 不正常或古怪: mentally unbalanced 精神错乱 * He shot her while temporarily unbalanced. 他一时精神失常向她开了枪. 2 [esp attrib 尤作定语] (of opinions, etc) giving too much or too little emphasis to a particular idea, etc; biased （指见解等）失去分寸的, 片面的, 偏颇的: the unbalanced reporting of the popular tabloids 通俗小报上片面的报道.

unbar
[7Qn'ba:(r); Qn'bar] v (-rr-) [Tn] remove bars from (a door, gate, etc) to allow entry 拉开（门等）的闩: * (fig 比喻) unbar the way to a nuclear-free world 扫除通向无核世界的障碍.

unbearable
[Qn'beErEbl; Qn'berEbl] adj that cannot be tolerated or endured 难以忍受的; 不能容忍的: * I find his rudeness unbearable. 我觉得他粗暴无礼难以忍受.> unbearably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv: * unbearably hot, painful,selfish 热得、 痛得、 自私得叫人受不了.

unbeatable
[7Qn'bi:tEbl; 7Qn'bitEbl] adj that cannot be defeated or surpassed 不可战胜的; 难以超越的: * The Brazilian team is regarded as unbeatable. 巴西队可以说是不可战胜的. * unbeatable prices, discounts, offers, etc 竞争不过的价格、 折扣、 出价等 * unbeatable value 无与伦比的价值.

unbeaten
[7Qn'bi:tn; Qn'bitn] adj not having been beaten, defeated or surpassed 未被打破、 击败或超过的: * an unbeaten team 战无不胜的队 * an unbeaten record for the high jump 未打破的跳高记录 * His time of 3 min 2 sec remains unbeaten. 他那3分2秒的记录仍未打破.

unbecoming
[7Qnbi'kQmiN; 7Qnbi'kQmiN] adj (fml 文) 1 not suited to the wearer 不适合穿用者的; 不合身的: * an unbecoming dress, style, colour 不合适的连衣裙、 样式、 颜色. 2 ~ (to/for sb) not appropriate or seemly; improper 不适当的; 不得体的: * conduct unbecoming to an officer and a gentleman 与官员和绅士身分不相称的行为 * It was thought unbecoming for young ladies to smoke. 年轻女子吸烟被认为有欠斯文.

unbelief
[7Qnbi'li:f; 7Qnbi'lif] n [U] (fml 文) lack of belief or state of not believing, esp in God, religion, etc 无信仰; 不信; （尤指）不信上帝、 宗教等. Cf 参看 disbelief (disbelieve). 派生： unbelievable[7Qnbi'li:vEbl; 7Qnbi'livEbl] adj that cannot be believed; astonishing 不可信的; 难以置信的; 惊人的: * unbelievable expense, skill, luck 惊人的费用、 技艺、 幸运. Cf 参看 incredible. unbelievably[-Ebli;-Ebli] adv: * unbelievably hot, cheap, stupid 热得、 便宜得、 愚蠢得难以置信. unbeliever n person who does not believe, esp in God, religion, etc 无信仰者; 不信者; （尤指）不信上帝、 宗教等的人. unbelieving adj not believing; doubting 不信的; 怀疑的: She stared at me with unbelieving eyes. 她以怀疑的眼光注视着我. Cf 参看 incredulous.

unbend
[7Qn'bend; Qn'bend] v (pt, pp unbent[7Qn'bent; Qn'bent] ) 1 [I, Tn] (cause sth/sb to) become changed from a bent position; straighten （使某物[某人]）由弯变直, 弄直, 挺直. 2 [I] (fig 比喻) become relaxed and informal in behaviour 变得轻松和随便: * Most professors unbend outside the lecture theatre. 教授在课下大都很随便. 派生： unbending adj (esp derog 尤作贬义) refusing to alter one's demands, decisions, etc; inflexible 不改变初衷、 决定等的; 顽固的: the government's unbending attitude towards the strikers 政府对待罢工的人的顽固态度.

unbidden
[7Qn'bidn; Qn'bidn] adv (fml 文) 1 not requested, invited or ordered 未被要求; 未经邀请;非受命: * walk in, help unbidden 擅自进入[主动帮助].2 (fig 比喻) voluntary or spontaneous 自愿的; 自发的: * memories, images, names, etc coming unbidden to one's mind 不由自主地呈现於脑际的往事、 形象、 名字等.

unblushing
[7Qn'blQFiN; Qn'blQFiN] adj (fml 文) shameless不知羞耻的; 无耻的: * an unblushing admission of guilt 厚颜无耻的认罪. > unblushingly adv.

unborn
[7Qn'bC:n; Qn'bCrn] adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] not yet born; of the future 未出生的; 未来的: * unborn children, calves 未出生的孩子、 小牛 * generations as yet unborn 未来的世代.

unbounded
[7Qn'baundid; Qn'baundid] adj without limits; boundless 无限的; 无边际的: * unbounded ambition, curiosity, luxury 极大的抱负、 好奇心、 奢侈.

unbowed
[7Qn'baud; Qn'baud] adj not conquered or subdued 不屈服的: * He remains bloody but unbowed, ie He has suffered but not submitted. 他血流不止, 但就是不屈服.

unbreakable
[7Qn'breikEbl; 7Qn'brekEbl] adj that cannotbe broken 打不破的; 不破碎的: * unbreakable plastics, toys 不碎的塑料制品、 玩具 * (fig 比喻) the unbreakable spirit of the resistance 不屈不挠的抵抗精神.

unbridled
[7Qn'braidld; Qn'braidld] adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] not controlled or checked 不受控制的; 不加约束的: * unbridled passion, enthusiasm, jealousy, etc 抑制不住的激情、 热情、 忌妒心等 * (dated 旧) speak with anunbridled tongue, ie passionately, insolently or indiscreetly信口开河. Cf 参看 bridle v 2.

unbroken
[7Qn'brEukEn; Qn'brokEn] adj 1 not interruptedor disturbed 未间断的; 未受打扰的: * ten hours of unbrokensleep 连续十小时的睡眠 * the unbroken silence of the woods 林中无边的静寂. 2 (of records in sport, etc) not beaten or surpassed （指体育运动记录等）未被打破的, 未超过的. 3 (of a horse, etc) not tamed or subdued （指马等）未驯化的, 不驯服的.

unbuckle
[7Qn'bQkl; Qn'bQkl] v [Tn] loosen or undo the buckle(s) of (a belt, etc) 松开或解开（带子等）的搭扣.

unburden
[7Qn'bE:dn; Qn'bEdn] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ oneself/sth (of sth) (to sb) (fml fig 文, 比喻) relieve (oneself, one's mind, etc) of worry, etc, eg by talkingabout one's troubles to a friend 解除（自己、 内心等）的烦恼等（如向友人诉说苦衷）: * unburden one's heart, conscience,etc 解除心灵上、 良心上...的负担 * unburden oneself of a secret 说出秘密以放下压在心头的包袱.

unbusinesslike
[7Qn'biznislaik; 7Qn'biznis7laik] adj unsystematic or lacking professionalism, esp in business matters 无条理的, 无章法的（尤指业务方面）: * unbusinesslike methods, transactions, attitudes 不守业务规矩的方法、 交易、 态度 * It is unbusinesslike to arrive late for meetings. 开会迟到不是办正事的态度.

unbutton
[7Qn'bQtn; Qn'bQtn] v [Tn] undo the buttons of (a jacket, etc) 解开（上衣等）的钮扣. 派生： unbuttoned adj (fig 比喻) (feeling) free fromformality; relaxed 无拘束（感）的; 松弛的: her unbuttonedstyle of management 她放开手的管理方式.

uncalled
for

uncanny
[Qn'kAni; Qn'kAni] adj (-ier, -iest) (a) unnatural 异乎寻常的: * The silence was uncanny. 静得出奇. * I had an uncanny feeling of being watched. 我有一种奇怪的感觉, 好像有人监视我. (b) beyond what is normal or expected; extraordinary 超常的; 出乎意料的; 非凡的: * an uncanny coincidence, resemblance, etc 意料不到的巧合、 相似等. > uncannily[-ili; -ili] adv: * an uncannily accurate prediction 异常准确的预言.

uncared
for

unceasing
[7Qn'si:siN; Qn'sisiN] adj going on all thetime; incessant 不停的; 不断的; 持续的: * unceasing efforts,protests, campaigns 持续不断的努力、 抗议、 运动 * nursing him with unceasing devotion 时时刻刻地精心照料他. > unceasingly adv.

unceremonious
[7Qn7seri5mEuniEs; 7QnserE'moniEs] adj 1 (a) without proper formality or dignity 无正规形式的; 不很庄重的: * Their divorce was an unceremoniousaffair. 他们离婚没有庄重的形式. (b) without ceremony; informal 不拘礼节的; 非正式的; 随便的: * The dinner was a relaxed, unceremonious occasion. 那次宴会很轻松, 随随便便. 2 lacking in courtesy or politeness; rudely abrupt 不客气的; 无礼貌的; 粗鲁的; 唐突的: * his unceremonious departure, dismissal, removal, etc 他唐突离去、 遭解雇、 遭免职等. > unceremoniously adv (derog 贬): * I was escorted unceremoniously to the door. 很无礼地把我逐出门外.

uncertain
[Qn'sE:tn; Qn'sEtn] adj 1 (a) [usu pred 通常作表语] ~ (about/of sth) not knowing definitely 知道得不确切; 无把握: * be/feel uncertain (about) what to do 对要做什麽事拿不定主意 * uncertain about/of one's legal rights 不明确自己的合法权利. (b) not known definitely 未被确切了解: * The outcome is still uncertain. 结果仍不明朗. 2 not to be depended on; unreliable 靠不住; 不可信赖: * His aim is uncertain. 他的目标不明确. 3 likely to vary; changeable 可能改变; 常变化: * uncertain weather 变幻莫测的天气 * a man of uncertain temper 喜怒无常的人. 4 hesitant or tentative 犹豫; 迟疑不决: * an uncertain voice, smile 吞吞吐吐的说话声、 似笑非笑 * the baby's first uncertain steps 婴儿初学行走时不稳的脚步. 5 (idm 习语) in ,no un,certain `terms clearly and forcefully 清楚而有力地: * I told him what I thought of him in no uncertain terms! 我毫不含糊地把我对他的看法告诉了他! 派生： uncertainly adv hesitantly 犹豫地; 迟疑地: speak, wait uncertainly 吞吞吐吐地说、 左右为难地等候. uncertainty/Qn'sE:tnti; Qn'sEtnti] n (a) [U] state of being uncertain 无把握; 不确定; 变化不定; 犹豫: * The uncertainty is unbearable! 事情定不下来难以忍受! (b) [C esp pl 尤作复数] thing which is uncertain 无把握、 不确定或变化不定的事物: * the uncertainties of life on the dole, ie as an unemployed person 依靠救济金生活的不安定.

uncharitable
[7Qn'tFAritEbl; Qn'tFArEtEbl] adj severe orharsh, esp in judging (the conduct of) others 无慈悲心的, 严厉的, 苛刻的（尤指评判他人行为时）: * uncharitableremarks, thoughts, etc 不厚道的话、 想法等 * I don't want to be uncharitable, but she's not a terribly good cook. 我并不想苛求别人, 但她烹调的手艺也实在不敢恭维. > uncharitably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv.

uncharted
[7Qn'tFa:tid; Qn'tFartid] adj 1 not marked on a map or chart 图上未标明的: * an uncharted island 地图上没有标明的岛. 2 not explored or mapped 未经勘测的; 未绘制成图的: * an uncharted area, zone, etc 未经勘探的地区、 地带等 * (fig 比喻) the uncharted depths ofhuman emotions 未经探究的人的感情深处 * Our researchis sailing into uncharted waters/seas, ie investigating fieldsthat have not been researched before. 我们的研究工作正深入到从未涉及过的领域.

unchecked
[7Qn'tFekt; Qn'tFekt] adj (derog 贬) not resistedor restrained 不受抑制的; 未加约束的: * the enemy's unchecked advance 敌军未受阻遏向前推进 * rumours spreading unchecked 广为流传而未受制止的谣言 * The use of credit continues/grows unchecked. 信用贷款不断增加而未受限制.

unchristian
[7Qn'kristFEn; Qn'kristFEn] adj contrary to Christian teachings or principles; uncharitable 违反基督教教义或信条的; 无慈悲心的: * unchristian behaviour 有悖基督教教义的行为 * an unchristian attitude 不仁厚的态度.

uncivil
[7Qn'sivl; Qn'sivl] adj ill-mannered; rude 不文明的; 失礼的; 粗鲁的: * be uncivil to the neighbours 对邻居不礼貌 * It was uncivil of you to say that. 你说那种话很失礼. Cf 参看 incivility 1.

uncle
[5QNkl; 5QNkl] n 1 (a) brother of one's father or mother; husband of one's aunt 伯父; 叔父; 舅父; 姑父; 姨父: * my uncle Jim 我的吉姆叔叔. =>App 8 见附录8. (b) man whose brother or sister has a child 当叔父、 伯父、 舅父、 姑父或姨父的人: * Now you're an uncle. 现在你当上叔叔了. 2 (infml 口) (used by children, esp in front of a first name 用作儿语, 尤用於名前) unrelated adult male friend, esp of one's parents 无亲戚关系的成年男姓朋友（尤指父母的朋友）; 叔叔; 伯伯. 3 (idm 习语) bob's your uncle => bob4. talk like a Dutch uncle => talk2. 复合： ,Uncle `Sam (infml 口) (people or Government of) the United States 山姆大叔; 美国; 美国人; 美国政府: fighting for Uncle Sam 为美国而战. ,Uncle `Tom (US infml derog 口, 贬) black person who associates with and is eager to please white people 汤姆大伯（与白人交往并竭力讨白人欢心的黑人）.

unclean
[7Qn'kli:n; Qn'klin] adj (a) (of food) that cannot be eaten; forbidden as spiritually impure （指食物）不宜食用的, 按教规认为不洁净而禁止食用的. (b) lacking spiritual purity; unchaste （精神上）不纯的, 不纯洁的: * ,unclean `minds, `hearts, `thoughts 不纯洁的头脑、 心灵、 思想.

uncoil
[7Qn'kCil; Qn'kCil] v [I, Tn] (cause sth/oneself to) become straightened from a coiled position; unwind （使某物[自己]）由卷绕状而伸直, 展开: * The snake uncoiled(itself). 那蛇伸开了盘着的身体. * uncoil electric flex, a hose-pipe 展开盘着的电线、 水龙带.

uncoloured
(US uncolored)[7Qn'kQlEd; Qn'kQlld] adj ~ (by sth) (fig 比喻) not affected or influenced by sth 不受影响的: * an uncoloured description of events 对事件的客观描述 * His judgement was uncoloured by personal prejudice. 他的判断并不带有个人成见.

uncomfortable
[Qn'kQmftEbl; - -fErt-; Qn'kQmfltEbl] adj 1 not comfortable 不舒服的; 不舒适的: * uncomfortablechairs, shoes, rooms 不舒适的椅子、 鞋、 房间 * lie in an uncomfortable position 以一种不舒服的姿势躺着. 2 feeling or causing anxiety or unease 感到或引起不安的;不自在的: * Children make some people feel uncomfortable.孩子常使一些人感到不舒服. * The letter was an uncomfortable reminder of my debts. 那封信是催促还债的通知, 让我很不痛快. 派生： uncomfortably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv 1 not comfortably不舒服地; 难受地: * uncomfortably cramped 挤得难受. 2 in a way that causes disquiet or unease 使人不安地或不自在地: * The exams are getting uncomfortably close. 快考试了, 真让人心神不安.

uncommitted
[7QnkE'mitid; 7QnkE'mitid] adj ~ (to sth/sb) not bound or pledged to (a particular policy, course of action, group, etc) 不受（某政策、 做法、 团体等）的约束的; 未做承诺的: * Some workers remain uncommitted to the project. 有些工人仍未对该计画做出承诺. * parties appealing to uncommitted voters 向无党派人士拉选票的政党. Cf 参看 committed (commit).

uncommon
[Qn'kCmEn; Qn'kamEn] adj 1 not common; unusual 不普通的; 不寻常的: * an uncommon sight, occurrence, etc 不平常的景象、 事情等 * Hurricanes are uncommon in England. 飓风在英国非常罕见. 2 (fml 文) remarkably close; excessive 非常接近的; 极度的: * There was an uncommon likeness between the two boys. 这两个男孩儿长得像极了. 派生： uncommonly adv (fml 文) remarkably 显着地; 极其: uncommonly intelligent, stupid, difficult 极其聪明、 愚蠢、 困难.

uncompromising
[Qn'kCmprEmaiziN; Qn'kamprE7maiziN] adj not ready to make any compromise; firm orunyielding 不妥协的; 坚定的; 不让步的: * an uncompromisingnegotiator, attitude, position 不妥协的谈判者、 态度、 立场 * attack the government's uncompromising stand on education cuts 抨击政府在削减教育经费问题上的僵硬态度. > uncompromisingly adv.

unconcern
[7QnkEn5sE:n; 7QnkEn5sEn] n [U] lack of care or interest 不关心; 不感兴趣; 冷漠: * She heard the news of his death with apparent unconcern. 她听到他的死讯无动於衷.

unconcerned
[7QnkEn5sE:nd; 7QnkEn5sEnd] adj 1 ~(with sth/sb) not feeling or showing concern; uninterested不关心的; 不感兴趣的; 冷漠的: * unconcerned with questions of religion or morality 对宗教问题或道德问题不感兴趣. 2 ~ (at/by sth) free from anxiety; untroubled 无忧虑的; 不烦恼的: * Most tourists were unconcerned at the poor weather. 那些游客大多没把坏天气放在心上. > unconcernedly[7QnkEn5sE:nidli;7QnkEn5sEnidli] adv.

unconditional
[7QnkEn5diFEnl; 7QnkEn5diFEnl] adj not subject to conditions; absolute 无条件的; 绝对的: * an,unconditional sur`render, re`fusal, `offer 无条件投降、 毫无商量馀地的拒绝、 无保留的提供. > unconditionally/ -FEnElI; -FEnElI/ adv.

unconditioned
[7QnkEn5diFnd; 7QnkEn5diFEnd] adj (espof a reflex) not learned; instinctive （尤指反射）无条件的, 先天的. Cf 参看 conditioned reflex (condition2).

unconfirmed
[7QnkEn5fE:md; 7QnkEn5fEmd] adj (of facts,etc) not proved to be true; not confirmed （指事实等）未经证实的, 未予确认的: * ,unconfirmed re`ports, `rumours, etc of a coup 有关政变的未经证实的报道、 谣传等.

unconscionable
[Qn'kCnFEnEbl; Qn'kanFEnEbl] adj [attrib 作定语] (fml or joc 文或谑) unreasonable or excessive 昧着良心的; 不合理的; 过分的: * You take an unconscionable time getting dressed! 你穿衣服用的时间未免太长了! > unconscionably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv: * an unconscionably shy young man 过於 腆的年轻男子.

unconscious
[Qn'kCnFEs; Qn'kanFEs] adj 1 (a) not conscious; insensible 失去知觉的: * knock sb unconscious 把某人打得不省人事. (b) ~ of sb/sth not aware 不知道的; 未察觉的: * be unconscious of any change 未察觉出任何变化. 2 done or spoken, etc without conscious intention 无意地做出或说出的: * an unconscious slight 无意的冒犯 * unconscious humour, resentment 无形中产生的幽默、 怨恨. 派生： the unconscious n (psychology 心) that part of one's mental activity of which one is unaware, but which can be detected and understood through the skilled analysis of dreams, behaviour, etc 潜意识. Cf 参看 subconscious. unconsciously adv: He unconsciously imitated his father. 他在不知不觉中仿效他的父亲. unconsciousness n [U] 1 being unconscious; lack ofconsciousness; insensibility 无知觉; 无意识: lapse, fall, etc into unconsciousness 昏了过去. 2 lack of awareness of what one is doing, saying, etc 神志不清; 不知不觉.

unconsidered
[7QnkEn5sidEd; 7QnkEn5sidld] adj 1 (of words, remarks, etc) spoken or made without proper consideration or thought （指词语、 话语等）未经充分思考的, 脱口而出的. 2 disregarded, as if of little value or worth 不值得考虑的; 被忽视的.

uncooperative
[7QnkEu'CpErEtiv; 7Qnko'apE7rEtiv] adj not willing to co-operate with others 不愿合作的; 不愿配合的: * uncooperative witnesses, patients, pupils, etc 不愿配合的证人、 病人、 学生等.

uncouple
[7Qn'kQpl; Qn'kQpl] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) disconnect (railway carriages, etc) 使（列车车厢等）脱钩或分离.

uncouth
[Qn'ku:W; Qn'kuW] adj (of people, their appearance, behaviour, etc) rough, awkward or ill-mannered; not refined （指人、 人的外表、 行为等）粗野的, 笨拙的, 无礼貌的, 无教养的. > uncouthness n [U].

uncover
[Qn'kQvE(r); Qn'kQvl] v [Tn] 1 remove a cover or covering from (sth) 移去（某物）的覆盖物; 揭开（某物）的盖子. 2 (fig 比喻) make known or disclose (sth); discover 揭露或暴露（某事物）; 发现: * Agents have uncovered a plot against the President. 特工人员发现了一个反对总统的阴谋.

uncritical
[7Qn'kritikl; Qn'kritikl] adj ~ (of sth/sb) (esp derog 尤作贬义) unwilling or unable to criticize 不愿批评的; 无批评能力的: * an uncritical attitude, view, etc 不愿批评的态度、 观点等 * uncritical supporters of the government 不加批评而支持政府的人 * The review is uncritical of the violence in the film. 这篇评论对影片宣扬暴力方面未作批判. > uncritically[-ikli; -ikli] adv.

uncrossed
[7Qn'krCst; - -'krC:st; Qn'krCst] adj (Brit) (of a cheque) not crossed (cross2 4) （指支票）未划线的.

uncrowned
[7Qn'kraund; Qn'kraund] adj 1 (of a king, etc) not yet crowned （指国王等）尚未加冕的. 2 (idm 习语) the ,uncrowned `king/`queen (of sth) person considered to be the most talented or successful in a certain group or field 某类人或某领域中最有才华或成就的人: * the uncrowned king of chess players/chess/the chessboard 国际象棋棋王.

UNCTAD
[5QNktAd; 5QN7ktAd] abbr 缩写 = United Nations Conference on Trade and Development 联合国贸易和发展会议.

unction
[5QNkFn; 5QNkFEn] n [U] 1 action of anointing with oil as a religious rite （作为宗教仪式的）涂油, 傅油礼. 2 (fml derog 文, 贬) = unctuousness.

unctuous
[5QNktjuEs; 5QNktFuEs] adj (derog 贬) insincerelyearnest or flattering, esp in an oily way 虚情假意的, 谄媚的（尤指油腔滑调的）: * speak in unctuous tones 油腔滑调地说 * unctuous assurances 虚情假意的承诺. > unctuously adv. unctuousness (also unction) n [U].

uncurl
[7Qn'kE:l; Qn'kEl] v [I, Tn] ~ (sth/oneself) (cause sth/oneself to) become straightened from a curled position （使某物[自己]）由弯变直, 伸直: * The cat uncurled (itself) sensuously. 那猫舒舒服服地伸了个懒腰. * She uncurled her legs from under her. 她把盘着的腿伸直了.

uncut
[7Qn'kQt; Qn'kQt] adj 1 (of a book) with the outer folds of the pages not trimmed or cut open （指书）书页未切齐或未切开的, 毛边的. 2 (of a book, film, etc) not abridged or censored （指书、 影片等）未删节的, 未删改的: * ,uncut `versions, e`ditions, `showings 全译本、 全版本、 全片放映. 3 (of a gem) not shaped by cutting （指宝石）未雕琢的.

undaunted
[7Qn'dC:ntid; Qn'dCntid] adj [usu pred 通常作表语] (rhet 修辞) not discouraged or intimidated; fearless 顽强; 不惧怕; 无畏: * He continued the climb, undaunted by his fall. 他跌下来也并未气馁, 继续攀登.

undeceive
[7Qndi'si:v; 7Qndi'siv] v [Tn] (fml 文) free (sb) from an illusion or a deception 使（某人）不再抱幻想或不再受骗; 使（某人）醒悟: * His behaviour soon undeceived her as to his true intentions. 他的行为很快就使她明白了他的真实意图.

undecided
[7Qndi'saidid; 7Qndi'saidid] adj [pred 作表语] 1 not settled or certain 未解决; 未确定: * The issue/matter remains undecided. 这个问题仍然悬而未决. * The (outcome of the) match is still undecided. 比赛（的结果）尚未见分晓. 2 ~ (about sth/sb) not having made up one's mind; irresolute 尚未拿定主意; 犹豫不定: * I'm still undecided (about) who to vote for. 我尚未决定投谁的票.

undeclared
[7Qndi'kleEd; 7Qndi'klerd] adj (of goods liable to duty) not declared or shown to the Customs officers （指应纳税的货物）未向海关申报的, 未报关的.

undemonstrative
[7Qndi'mCnstrEtiv; 7Qndi'manstrEtiv] adj not in the habit of showing strong feelings; reserved 不习惯表露强烈感情的; 喜怒不形於色的.

undeniable
[7Qndi'naiEbl; 7Qndi'naiEbl] adj that cannot be disputed or denied; undoubtedly true 无可争辩的; 不可否认的; 确定无疑的: * undeniable facts 无可否认的事实 * gems of undeniable worth/value 确实值钱的宝石 * His charm is undeniable, but I still mistrust him. 他有魅力无庸置疑, 但我仍对他没有信心. > undeniably[-EblI; -EblI/ adv: * undeniably difficult 确实困难 * Undeniably,the final stage is crucial. 的确, 最後阶段是关键.

under
[5QndE(r); 5Qndl] prep 1 in, to or through a position directly below (sth) 在（某物）下面; 到（某物）下面; 通过（某物）下面: * The cat was under the table. 那猫在桌子下面. * Have you looked under the bed? 你看过床底下了吗? * Let's shelter under the trees. 咱们在树下避一避吧. * He threw himself under a bus. 他扑到一辆公共汽车底下去了. * The water flows under the bridge. 水在桥下流过. * (fig 比喻) What sign of the Zodiac were you born under? 你是属什麽星座的? Cf 参看 over2 1, 2. 2 below the surface of (sth); covered by 低於（某物）的 表面; 被（某物）遮蔽着: * Most of the iceberg is under the water. 冰山的大部分在水面以下. * Under the mountain there is a network of caves. 这座山里有许多相通的洞穴. * She crept in beside him under the bedclothes. 她钻进被窝, 躺在他身旁. * She pushed all her hair under a headscarf. 她把头发都让头巾罩住. 3 in or to a position next to and lower than (sth) 在（某物）下方; 到（某物）下方: * under the castle wall 在城墙下 * a village under the hill 山脚下的村庄. 4 (a) younger than (a specified age) 比（某年龄）小; 在（某年龄）以下: * Many children under 5 go to nursery school. 5岁以下的许多儿童都上幼儿园. * It's forbidden to sell tobacco to children under 16. 禁止向16岁以下的儿童出售烟草. * If you are under 26 you can buy cheap rail tickets. 未满26岁者可购买廉价火车票. (b) less than (a specified amount, distance or time) 少於（某一数目、 距离或时间）: * Anyone with an annual income of under 5000 may be eligible to apply. 凡年收入在5000英镑以下者均可申请. * It's under a mile from here to the post office. 此处距邮局不足一英里. * It tookus under an hour. 我们用了不到一个小时. Cf 参看 over2 5.5 (a) lower in rank than (sb); responsible to the authority of 级别低於（某人）; 隶属於...; 听命於...:

under1
* No one under the rank of captain may enter the room. 级别低於上尉者禁止入内. * She has a staff of 19 working under her. 她手下有19名工作人员. (b) governed or led by (sb) 在（某人）统治或领导下: * Britain under Cromwell, Thatcher, the monarchy 在克伦威尔、 撒切尔、 君主制治下的英国 * Under its new conductor, the orchestra has established an international reputation. 这个管弦乐队在新指挥的领导下蜚声国际. (c) according to the terms of (an agreement, a law or a system) 根据（协议、 法律或制度）的规定: * Six suspects are being held under the Prevention of Terrorism Act. 根据防止恐怖活动法案, 拘留了六名疑犯. * Under the terms of the lease you had no right to sublet the property. 根据租约规定, 你无权转租物业. 6 carrying (a specified burden) 承受（某种负荷）: * She was struggling under the weight of three suitcases. 她提着叁个箱子, 步履维艰. * (fml 文) It was difficult to behave naturally under the burden of knowing the truth. 了解了真相, 在此压力下自难行之若素. 7 (a) being in a state of (sth) 在（某事物）的状况中: * buildings under repair/construction, ie being repaired/built 在修缮[建造]中的建 物 * matters under consideration, discussion,etc 正在考虑、 讨论等中的问题. (b) being affected by (sb/sth) 在（某人[某事物]）影响下: * He's very much under the influence of the older boys. 那些比他大的男孩对他影响很大. * You'll be under (an) anaesthetic, so you won't feel a thing. 给你施麻醉後, 你就什麽也感觉不到了. 8 (a) using (a particular name) 使用（某名称）: * open a bank account under a false name 用假名字在银行开户 * write a novel under the pseudonym of Colin Kettle 用笔名科林．凯特尔写小说. (b) classified as (sth) 被分类为（某事物）: * If it's not under sport, try looking under biography. 要是在运动类中查不到, 可以查查传记类.

under2
9 being planted with (sth) 种植着（某物）: * fields under wheat 种着小麦的田地. 派生： under adv 1 under water 在水下: If you take a deep breath you can stay under for more than a minute. 只要深吸一口气就能在水里待上一分多钟. * The ship went under (ie sank) on its first voyage. 那条船在首次航行时就沉没了. 2 without consciousness 无知觉; 失去知觉: She felt herself going under. 她感到渐渐失去了知觉. under adj [attrib 作定语] lower; situated underneath 较低的; 在下面的: the under layers 下层 * under surface 底面.

underachieve
[7QndErE'tFi:v; 7QndErE'tFiv] v [I] (euph 婉) do less well than was expected, esp in school work 成绩未如理想（尤指功课）. > underachiever n.

underact
[7QndEr'Akt; 7Qndl'Akt] v [I, Tn] act (a part) with less spirit, force, etc than expected 表演（角色）不够尽心、 尽力等: * He underacted the title-role to considerableeffect. 他演剧名角色演得很不带劲. Cf 参看 overact.

underarm
[5QndEra:m; 5Qndl7arm] 1 adj [attrib 作定语] in, of or for the armpit 腋下的; 为腋下的: * underarm hair, perspiration, deodorant 腋毛、 腋下出的汗、 腋下除臭剂. 2 adj, adv (also underhand) (in cricket, etc) with the hand kept below the level of the shoulder （板球等）低手式地（投球时手低於肩）: * underarm bowling 低手投球 * bowl, serve, throw, etc underarm 低手投. Cf 参看 overarm.

underbelly
[5QndEbeli; 5Qndl7beli] n [sing] 1 undersurface of an animal's body, eg as a cut of meat, esp pork（动物的）下腹部（如切下的一块, 尤指猪肉）. 2 (fig 比喻) area, region, etc that is vulnerable to attack 易受攻击的部位、 区域等: * The stock-market crisis struck at the soft underbelly of the US economy, eg its trade deficit. 股市危机打击了美国经济的薄弱环节（如贸易逆差）.

underbid
[7QndE'bid; 7Qndl'bid] v (-dd-; pt, pp underbid) 1 [Tn] make a lower bid than (sb else), eg at an auction 出价低於（他人）（如拍卖时）. 2 [I, Tn] (in bridge, etc) bid less on (a hand of cards) than its strength suggests （桥牌等中）叫牌低於（手中牌）的实力. Cf 参看 overbid.

underbrush
[5QndEbrQF; 5Qndl7brQF] n [U] (US) = undergrowth.

undercarriage
[5QndEkAridV; 5Qndl7kAridV] (also `landing-gear) n aircraft's landing wheels and theirsupports （飞行器的）起落架: * raise/lower the undercarriage收起[放下]起落架. =>illus at aircraft 见aircraft插图.

undercharge
[7QndE'tFa:dV; 5Qndl'tFardV] v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.n] ~ (sb) (for sth) charge (sb) too low a price (for sth) 向（某人）少收（某物的）价款: * He undercharged me 1 for the book/for the book by 1. 我买这本书他少收了我一英镑. Cf 参看 overcharge 1.

underclothes
[5QndEklEuTz; 5Qndl7kloTz] n [pl] (alsofml 文雅语作 underclothing[-klEuTiN; -kloTiN] [U])= underwear.

undercoat
[5QndEkEut; 5Qndl7kot] n 1 [U, C] (paint used for making a) layer of paint under a finishing coat 底层（涂料）. Cf 参看 topcoat (top1). 2 [U] (US) = underseal.

undercover
[7QndE'kQvE(r); 7Qndl'kQvl] adj [esp attrib尤作定语] 1 doing things secretly or done secretly; surreptitious 暗中进行的; 秘密做出的; 私下的: * ,undercover`payments, eg bribes 暗中付的款（如贿赂）. 2 engaged in spying on people while appearing to work normallyamong them 做密探工作的: * ,undercover `agents, ac`tivities,organi`zations 密探、 秘密活动、 进行秘密活动的组织 * detectives working undercover 掩人耳目行事的侦探.

undercurrent
[5QndEkQrEnt; 5Qndl7kQrEnt] n 1 currentof water flowing below the surface or below another current 潜流; 暗流: * strong, fierce, fast, dangerous, etc undercurrents 强劲的、 激烈的、 湍急的、 危险的...潜流. 2 ~ (of sth) (fig 比喻) underlying feeling or influence or trend, esp one opposite to the apparent one潜在的感情、 影响或倾向（尤指与其表象相反的）: * Therewas an undercurrent of resentment in their acceptance of the plan. 他们接受该计画时心怀不满.

undercut
1[5QndEkQt; 5Qndl7kQt] n [U] (Brit) (meat cut from the) underside of sirloin （牛的）腰部肉, 里脊. Cf 参看 tenderloin (tender1).

underdeveloped
[7QndEdi'velEpt; 7Qndldi'velEpt] adj 1 not fully grown or developed 未充分发育或发展的: * underdeveloped muscles 不发达的肌肉. 2 (of a country, etc) not having achieved its potential in economic development （指国家等）经济不发达的.

underdog
[5QndEdCg; - -dC:g; 5Qndl7dCg] n (esp 尤作 the underdog) person or country, thought to be in a weaker position, and therefore unlikely to win a contest, struggle, etc 处於劣势的人或国家（不易在竞争、 斗争等中获胜的）: * crowds supporting the underdog 为处於劣势的一方鼓劲的人群.

underdone
[7QndE'dQn; 5Qndl'dQn] adj not thoroughly done, esp lightly or insufficiently cooked 未充分做好的; （尤指烹饪）未熟透的: * nicely underdone vegetables 半生不熟恰到好处的蔬菜 * The beef was underdone and quite uneatable. 这牛肉未熟透, 简直不能吃.

underestimate
[7QndEr'estimeit; 5Qndl'estE7met] v [Tn] make too low an estimate of (sb/sth) 过分低估（某人[某事物]）: * underestimate the cost, danger, difficulty, etc of the expedition 对此次考察的费用、 危险、 困难等估计不足 * I underestimated the time we needed by 30%. 我把我们需要的时间低估了30%. * Never underestimate your opponent, ie think that you will beat him easily. 千万不要低估对手. Cf 参看 overestimate, underrate. 派生： underestimate[-mEt; -mit] n estimate that is too low 低估: * a serious underestimate of losses on the Stock Exchange 对在证券交易所中遭到的损失严重估计不足. Cf 参看 overestimate.

underexpose
[7QndErik'spEuz; 5QndErik'spoz] v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] expose (a film, etc) for too short a time or in too poor a light 使（底片等）曝光不足. Cf 参看 overexpose. > underexposure/ -Ik5spEUVE(r); -Ik`spoVL/ n [U].

underfed
[7QndE'fed; 5Qndl'fed] adj having had toolittle food 喂食太少的; 没吃饱的: * underfed cattle, troops,children 没吃饱的牛、 部队、 儿童.

underfelt
[5QndEfelt; 5Qndl7felt] n [U, C] felt for laying under a carpet 地毯垫毡. Cf 参看 underlay.

underfloor
[7QndE'flC:(r); 7Qndl'flCr] adj [attrib 作定语] situated beneath the floor 在地板下的: * ,underfloor (e,lectric) `wiring 在地板下的电线线路 * ,underfloor `heating, eg using warm air 在地板下的供热系统.

underfoot
[7QndE'fut; 7Qndl'fut] adv under one's feet; on the ground 在脚下; 在地上: * The snow underfoot wassoft and deep. 脚下的雪又软又厚. * It's muddy underfoot.地上很泥泞. * Fallen riders were trampled underfoot by the charging horses. 摔下来的骑手遭飞奔马群践踏.

undergarment
[5QndEga:mEnt; 5Qndl7garmEnt] n (datedor fml 旧或文) article of underclothing 内衣.

undergo
[7QndE'gEu; 7Qndl'go] v (pt underwent[- 5went; -`wZnt/, pp undergone[-'gCn; - -'gC:n; -'gCn] )[Tn] 1 experience or endure (sth unpleasant or painful) 经历, 经受（不愉快的或痛苦的某事物）: * undergo great hardship, suffering, privation, etc 遭受极度的艰难、 困苦、 贫困等. 2 be subjected to (a process, etc) 接受, 承受（某过程等）: * undergo major surgery, reform, repair接受大手术、 经过大改革、 接受大检修 * The ship successfully underwent sea trials in coastal waters. 那条船在近海水域试航成功. * Our agenda underwent a rapid change after the chairman's resignation. 主席辞职後, 我们的议事项目迅即做出变动.

undergraduate
[7QndE'grAdVuEt; 7Qndl'grAdVuit] n university or college student who has not yet taken his first or bachelor's degree （尚未获学士学位的）大学生; 大学肄业生: * Cambridge undergraduates 剑桥大学学生 * [attrib 作定语] undergraduate courses, grants, students 大学学士学位课程、 给予大学生的助学金、 大学生. Cf 参看 graduate1, postgraduate.

underground
1[7QndE'graund; 7Qndl'graund] adv1 under the surface of the ground 在地面下; 在地下.2 (fig 比喻) in or into secrecy or hiding 秘密地; 暗中地: * He went underground to avoid the police. 他藏了起来以免被警方发现.

undergrowth
[5QndEgrEuW; 5Qndl7groW] (US underbrush)n [U] mass of shrubs, bushes, etc growing closely on the ground, esp under trees 灌木丛（尤指大树下的）: * clear a path through the undergrowth 从灌木丛中开辟一条小路.

underhand
[7QndE'hAnd; 5Qndl'hAnd] 1 adj (also underhanded[7QndE'hAndid; 7Qndl'hAndid] ) done or doing things in a sly or secret way; deceitful 暗中或秘密进行的; 诡诈的: * ,underhand `tricks, `methods, `means 骗人的花招、 方法、 手段. 2 adj, adv = underarm 2.

underlay
[5QndElei; 5Qndl7le] n [U, C] layer of felt, foam, rubber, etc laid (esp under a carpet) for support and insulation （毛毡、 泡沫塑料、 橡胶等做的）衬垫; （尤指）地毯垫. Cf 参看 underfelt.

underlie
[7QndE'lai; 7Qndl'lai] v (pt underlay[7QndE'lei;7Qndl'le] , pp underlain[-'lein; -'len] ) 1 [I, Tn] lie or exist beneath (sth) 位於或存在於（某物）之下: * the underlying clay, rock, etc 处於下层的黏土、 岩石等. 2 [Tn no passive 不用於被动语态] (fig 比喻) form the basis of (sb's actions, a theory, etc); account for 构成（某人行动、 理论等）的基础; 作（某事物）的说明或解释: * A deep faith underlies her work among refugees. 她在难民中工作是因为她有很深的信念. * the underlying reason for her refusal 她拒绝的内在原因.

underline
[7QndE'lain; 7Qndl'lain] (also underscore) v [Tn] 1 draw a line under (a word, etc) 在（词等）下面画线. 2 (fig 比喻) reinforce (an attitude, a situation, etc); emphasize 强化（态度、 形势等）; 加强; 强调: * Strikes by prison officers underline the need for reform in our gaols. 监狱工作人员罢工一事, 突出地表明我们的监狱制度亟须改革.

underling
[5QndEliN; 5QndlliN] n (derog 贬) person in a subordinate and inferior position 职位低的人; 下属: * hired underlings of a gangster boss 流氓头子雇用的喽罗.

undermanned
[7QndE'mAnd; 5Qndl'mAnd] adj (of a ship, factory, etc) having too few people to function properly （指轮船、 工厂等）人员不足的: * complaints that our hospitals are seriously undermanned 对我们的一些医院严重缺员的投诉. Cf 参看 understaffed, overmanned.

undermentioned
[7QndE'menFnd; 5Qndl'menFEnd] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (Brit fml 文) mentioned below or at a later place (in a letter, etc) 下面提到的; 下述的. > the undermentioned n (pl unchanged 复数不变): * The undermentioned is witness to this contract. 以下为本合同之见证人. Cf 参看 above-mentioned (above1).

undermine
[7QndE'main; 7Qndl'main] v [Tn] 1 make a hollow or tunnel beneath (sth); weaken at the base 在（某物）下挖洞或挖通道; 从根基处损害: * Badgers had undermined the foundations of the church. 獾在这座教堂的地基处打了洞. * cliffs undermined by the sea 底部被海水毁坏了的峭壁. 2 (fig 比喻) weaken (sth/sb) gradually or insidiously 逐渐削弱或暗中破坏（某事物[某人]）: * undermine sb's position, reputation, authority, etc, eg by spreading scandalous rumours 暗中损害某人的地位、 声誉、 威信等（如藉散播诽谤性的谣言） * self-confidence undermined by repeated failures 因屡遭挫折而逐渐削弱的自信心.

underneath
[7QndE'ni:W; 7Qndl'niW] prep beneath (sth); below 在（某物）的底下或下面: * The coin rolled underneath the piano. 硬币滚到钢琴下面去了. * She found a lot of dust underneath the carpet. 她发觉地毯下面有许多尘土. * What does a Scotsman wear underneath his kilt? 苏格兰男子在短裙下面穿着什麽? * Caving means exploring the passages underneath the hills. 洞穴探险运动是指探察山中的通道而进行的活动. 派生： underneath adv beneath; below 在底下; 在下面; 向下: There's a pile of newspapers in the corner have you looked underneath? 角落里有一堆报纸--那底下你找过了吗? * When they cleaned up the painting they discovered a Holbein underneath. 他们擦这幅画时发现下面有一幅霍尔拜因的作品. * (fig 比喻) He seems bad-tempered but he's very soft-hearted underneath. 他似乎脾气很坏, 其实心底里很善良. underneath n [sing] lower surface or part of sth 物体下部的面; 底面; 底部; 下部: the underneath of a car, shelf, sofa 汽车、 搁架、 长沙发的底部.

undernourished
[7QndE'nQriFt; 7Qndl'nQriFt] adj not provided with sufficient food of the right kind for good health and normal growth 营养不良的: * badly, severely, seriously undernourished 严重缺乏营养. Cf 参看 malnourished. > undernourishment[-'nQriFmEnt; -'nQriFmEnt] n [U].

underpants
[5QndEpAnts; 5Qndl7pAnts] (also infml 口语作 pants) n [pl] short undergarment worn by men and boys covering the lower part of the body （男用）内裤, 衬裤: * put on some/a pair of clean underpants 穿上一条乾净的内裤 * He stood there in his underpants, ie not wearing anything else. 他只穿着内裤站在那儿. Cf 参看 knickers.

underpass
[5QndEpa:s; - -pAs; 5Qndl7pAs] n (a) (section of a) road that goes under another road or a railway 高架桥下通道或路段（从另一条公路或铁路下方穿过的）. Cf 参看 overpass. (b) underground passage for pedestrians to cross below a road or railway 地下通道（供行人穿越道路或铁路的）. Cf 参看 subway 1.

underpay
[7QndE'pei; 7Qndl'pe] v (pt, pp underpaid[- 5peId; -`ped/) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth) pay (an employee, etc) too little money 付给（雇员等）报酬过低: * Nurses are overworked and underpaid. 护士的工作过重而报酬过低. * He underpaid me for the work (by 10). 我做这工作他少给了我（10英镑）工资. Cf 参看 overpay.

underpin
[7QndE'pin; 7Qndl'pin] v (-nn-) [Tn] 1 support (a wall, etc) from below with masonry, etc 用砖石结构等从下面支撑（墙等）; 加固（墙等）的基础. 2 (fig 比喻) form the basis for (an argument, a claim, etc); strengthen 为（论据、 主张等）打下基础; 加强; 巩固: * The evidence underpinning his case was sound. 有利於他的证据是确凿的. * These developments are underpinned by solid progress in heavy industry. 重工业的稳固发展为这些进展打下了基础.

underplay
[7QndE'plei; 7Qndl'ple] v [Tn] give too littleimportance to (sth) 对（某事物）不够重视: * underplay certainaspects, factors, elements, etc 对某些方面、 因素、 成分等不够重视. Cf 参看 overplay.

underprivileged
[7QndE'privElidVd; 5Qndl'privElidVd] adj (euph 婉) not having the standard of living or rights enjoyed by others in a society; deprived 生活水平或享有的权利比别人低的; 贫困的: * socially underprivileged families, groups, etc 社会地位低下的家庭、 阶层等. > the underprivileged n [pl v]: * The underprivileged need special support. 贫困者需要特殊的帮助.

underrate
[7QndE'reit; 7Qndl'ret] v [Tn] have toolow an opinion of (sb/sth) 对（某人[某事物]）评价过低: * underrate an opponent, achievement 对对手、 成就评价过低 * an underrated play, actor 受到贬抑的戏剧、 演员 * As an actor, he's seriously underrated. 他这个演员受到的评价过低. Cf 参看 overrate, underestimate.

underscore
[7QndE'skC:(r); 7Qndl'skCr] v [Tn] = underline.

undersea
[5QndEsi:; 5Qndl7si] adj [attrib 作定语] belowthe surface of the sea 海面下的: * undersea exploration 海下探测.

underseal
[5QndEsi:l; 5Qndl7sil] (Brit) (US undercoat)n [U] tar-like or rubber-like substance used to protect the under-side of a motor vehicle against rust, etc （机动车底部的）防蚀涂层. 派生： underseal v [Tn] coat the under-side of (a motor vehicle, etc) with a protective seal 用防蚀涂层涂（机动车等）的底部.

undersell
[7QndE'sel; 7Qndl'sel] v (-ll-; pt, pp undersold[- 5sEUld; -`sold/) [Tn] sell (goods) at a lower price than (one's competitors) 以低於（竞争者）的价格出售（货物）: * Our goods cannot be undersold, ie Our prices are the lowest. 本公司货物价格别家无法竞争（我们的价格最低）. * They're underselling us. 他们正在压价与我们竞争.

undershirt
[5QndEFE:t; 5Qndl7FEt] n (US) = vest1 1.

undersigned
[7QndE'saind; 7Qndl'saind] adj (fml 文) who has or have signed at the bottom of a document 在文件下端签字的. > the undersigned n (pl unchanged复数不变): * We, the undersigned (ie We whose signatures appear below), declare that... 我们, 本文件之签署人声名如下....

undersized
[7QndE'saizd; 5Qndl'saizd] adj (usu derog 通常作贬义) of less than the usual size 较一般为小的:,undersized `portions, `helpings, ie of food 小份的（食物） * The cubs were sickly and undersized. 那些幼兽又弱又矮小.

underslung
[7QndE'slQN; 7Qndl'slQN] adj 1 supported from above 下悬式的. 2 (of a vehicle chassis) hanging lower than the axles （指机动车底盘）下置车架的.

undersold
pt, pp of undersell.

understaffed
[7QndE'sta:ft; - -'stAft; 7Qndl'stAft] adj (of a school, a hospital, an office, etc) having too few people to function properly （指学校、 医院、 办公室等）人员不足的: * The school is badly understaffed.这所学校教职员工严重不足. Cf 参看 overstaffed, undermanned.

understand
[7QndE'stAnd; 7Qndl'stAnd] v (pt, ppunderstood[-'stud; -'stud] ) (not used in the continuoustenses 不用於进行时态) 1 (a) [I, Tn, Tw] grasp the meaning of (words, a language, a person, etc) 懂、 理解或领会（语词、 语言、 某人等）的意思: * I'm not sure that I fully understand (you). 我不敢说我已完全听懂了（你的话）. * understand the instructions, rules, conditions, etc 了解指示、 规则、 情况等 * I can understand French perfectly. 法语我完全懂. * I don't understand (a word of) what you're saying, eg because you're speaking too quickly. 你的话我（一个字也）听不懂（因为你说得太快）. (b) [Tn, Tw, Tsg] perceive the significance or importance of (sth); perceive the explanation for or cause of 了解（某事物）的意义或重要性; 认识到...的道理或原因: * Do you understand the difficulty of my position? 你了解我处境的困难吗? * I don't understand why he came/what the problem is. 我不明白他为什麽来[这是什麽问题]. * I just can't understand him/his taking the money. 我真无法理解他[他为什麽要偷钱]. 2 [I, Tn, Tf, Tw, Tsg] be sympathetically aware of (sb/sth); know how to deal with (sb/sth) 了解, 理解, 谅解, 同情（某人[某事物]）; 善於与（某人[某事物）打交道: * understand children, machinery, modern music 了解儿童、 机器的性能、 现代音乐 * We thoroughly understand each other/one another, even if we don't always agree. 我们彼此非常了解, 虽然有时候也有一些分歧. * I quite understand that you need a change/your needing a change. 你需要换换环境, 这一点我完全理解. * He understands how hard things have been for you. 他很同情你的艰难处境. 3 (usu fml 通常作文雅语) (a) [Tf, Cn.t] be aware from information received (that...); gather 得知; 获悉; 推断: * I understand she is in Paris. 我听说她现在巴黎. * Am I to understand that you refuse? 看意思你是拒绝了?

understand1
* The situation, as I understand it, is very dangerous. 情况据我看十分危险. * I understood him to say/as saying that he would co-operate. 我认为他愿意合作. (b) [Tf usu passive 通常用於被动语态] take (sth) for granted 认为（某事物）当然如此: * Your expenses will be paid, that's understood. 你的费用给你付清, 当然了. 4 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] supply or insert (an omitted word or phrase) mentally 凭意会理解（省略的词语）: * In the sentence `I can't drive', the object `a car' is understood. 在‘我不会驾驶’这句话中, 宾语‘汽车’是不言而喻的. 5 (idm 习语) give sb to understand (that)... (fml 文) cause sb to believe or have the idea that... 使某人理解、 相信或认为...: * We were given to understand that the accommodation was free. 给我们的感觉是住宿是免费的. ,make oneself under`stood make one's meaning clear 将自己的意思表达清楚: * He doesn't speak much English but he can make himself understood. 他不大会说英语, 但能把自己的意思说清楚. 派生： understandable[-Ebl; -Ebl] adj that can beunderstood or sympathized with 能懂的; 可理解的; 可同情的: * The instructions were not readily/easily understandable. 这份说明书不容易懂. * understandable delays, objections,motives 可以理解的延误、 异议、 动机. understandably[-EblI; -EblI/ adv: * She was understandably annoyed. 她很生气, 这是可理解的.

understanding
[7QndE'stAndiN; 7Qndl'stAndiN] n 1 [U] power of clear thought; intelligence 理解力; 洞察力; 智力; 智慧: * mysteries beyond human understanding 人类无法理解的奥秘. 2 [U, sing] ~ (of sth) knowledge of the meaning, importance or cause (of sth) 对（某事物的）意思、 重要性或原因的了解: * I have only a limited understanding of French. 我懂的法语很有限. 3[U, sing] ability to show insight or tolerance; sympatheticawareness 体谅; 谅解; 通情达理: * no real understanding between husband and wife 夫妻之间没有真正的相互体谅 * our improved understanding of Soviet life 我们对过去的苏联人的生活的进一步了解 * work for a better understanding between world religions 为促进世界上各宗教之间的互相谅解而努力. 4 (a) [U] ~ (of sth) (usu fml 通常作文雅语) interpretation of information received 对信息的解释或理解: * My understanding was that we would meet here. 根据我的理解, 我们将在这儿见面. (b) [C usu sing 通常作单数] preliminary or informal agreement （初步的或非正式的）协议, 协定, 谅解: * come to/reach an understanding with management about pay 与资方就工资问题达成协议 * We have an understanding that/There is an understanding between us that we will not sell to each other's customers. 我们双方有个默契, 就是不把货物卖给对方的顾客. 5 (idm 习语)on the understanding that...; on this understandingon condition that...; on this condition 在...条件下; 以此为条件: * I lent him 5 on the understanding that he would repay me today. 我借给他5英镑, 条件是他今天得还给我. 派生： understanding adj able to show tolerance of or sympathy towards others' feelings and views 体谅的; 谅解的; 通情达理的: an understanding approach, smile, parent 体谅的态度、 微笑、 父亲（或母亲）.

understate
[7QndE'steit; 7Qndl'stet] v [Tn] 1 state or express (sth) in a very controlled way 很有节制地陈述或表达（某事物）: * understate one's views, feelings, reactions,etc 轻描淡写地表达自己的观点、 感情、 反应等 * She gave a beautifully understated performance as Ophelia. 她扮演奥菲利亚这一角色用低调处理, 恰如其分. 2 state that (a number, etc) is less than it really is 少说, 少报（某数目等）: * understate one's losses, eg of money, troops 少报损失（如金钱、 兵员的损失）. 派生： understatement[5QndEsteitmEnt; 5Qndl7stetmEnt] n (a) [U] (action or practice of) understating 有节制的陈述或表达; 少说; 少报: * a clever use of understatement, eg for effect 巧妙地轻描淡写（如为获得某种效果）. (b) [C] statement that expresses an idea, etc too weakly 重事轻说; 轻描淡写: * To say that he was displeased is an understatement, ie He was furious. 说他不高兴是重事轻说（他已怒不可遏）.

understudy
[5QndEstQdi; 5Qndl7stQdi] n ~ (to sb) person who learns the part of another in a play, etc in order to be able to take his place at short notice if necessary 候补演员; 替手: * (fig 比喻) The Vice-President acts as understudy to the President. 副总统是总统的替手. 派生： understudy v (pt, pp -died) [Tn] learn (eg a part in a play) as understudy; act as understudy to (sb) 排练（如剧中角色）充当候补演员; 当（某人）的替手: understudy (the role of) Ophelia 排练奥菲利亚（一角）当候补演员 * She understudied Judi Dench. 她充当朱迪．登奇的替手.

undertake
[7QndE'teik; 7Qndl'tek] v (pt undertook[- 5tUk; -`tJk/, pp undertaken[-'teikEn; -'tekEn] ) (fml 文) 1 [Tn] (start to) make oneself responsible for (sth) 承担（某事物）; 负起（某事物）的责任: * undertake a mission, task, project, etc 承担使命、 任务、 工程项目等 * She undertook the organization of the whole scheme. 她负责整个计画的组织工作. 2 [Tf, Tt] agree or promise to do sth 同意或答应做某事: * He undertook to finish the job by Friday. 他答应在星期五以前完成那工作. 派生： undertaking[7QndE'teikiN; 7Qndl'tekiN] n 1 [sing] work, etc that one has undertaken; task or enterprise 任务; 事业; 企业: * a commercial, financial, etc undertaking商业、 金融等企业 * Small businesses are a risky undertaking.小型企业要担很大的风险. * Getting married is a serious undertaking. 结婚是件大事. 2 ~ (that.../to do sth) (fml 文) promise or guarantee 答应; 许诺; 保证; 担保: * an undertaking that the loan would be repaid 一项偿还贷款的担保 * She gave a solemn undertaking to respect their decision. 她郑重地保证尊重他们的决定.

undertaker
[5QndEteikE(r); 5Qndl7tekl] (US also mortician) n person whose business is to prepare the dead for burial or cremation and arrange funerals 殡仪业人员. 派生： undertaking[5QndEteikiN; 5Qndl7tekiN] n [U] business of an undertaker 殡仪业.

undertone
[5QndEtEun; 5Qndl7ton] n 1 (often pl 常作复数) low, quiet or subdued tone 低调; 低声; 低音: * speak, murmur, etc in an undertone 低声说话、 低语 * threatening, sympathetic, sibilant undertones 威胁的、 同情的、 醚醚的低声调. 2 ~ (of sth) underlying feeling, quality, implication, etc; undercurrent 潜在的感情、 特质、 意义等; 暗流: * There were undertones of relief as the visitors left. 客人走後大家都暗暗松了口气. Cf 参看 overtone. 3 thin or subdued colour 淡色; 浅色; 柔和的色调: * pink with an undertone of mauve 略带淡紫色的粉红.

undertow
[5QndEtEu; 5Qndl7to] n [sing] current below the surface of the sea, moving in the opposite direction to the surface current, esp the current caused by the backward flow of a wave breaking on a beach （海面下与海面水流呈反向流动的）回流（尤指浪拍岸退回形成的）: * caught in an undertow 碰上回流 * The pull of the undertow can drag swimmers out to sea. 近岸回流的冲力能把游泳的人涌到海里.

undervalue
[7QndE'vAlju:; 5Qndl'vAlju] v [Tn, Cn.n/a] ~ sb/sth (as sth) put too low a value on sb/sth 对某人[某事物]评价过低; 低估某人[某事物]: * We had undervalued the flat by 5000. 我们对这套公寓的估价少了5000英镑. * Don't undervalue Jim's contribution to the research. 不要低估了吉姆在研究工作中的贡献. * We clearly undervalued him as a member of our team. 我们显然低估了他这个队员在我们队中的作用.

underwater
[7QndE'wC:tE(r); 5Qndl7wCtl] adj situated or used or done below the surface of the water 水面下的; 水下使用的; 水下行动的: * ,underwater `caves, `cameras水下洞穴、 摄影机 * underwater archaeology, eg ofwrecks 水下考古学（如有关失事船的）. > underwateradv: * The duck disappeared underwater. 鸭子潜入水中了.

underwear
[5QndEweE(r); 5Qndl7wer] n [U] (also underclothes [pl], fml 文雅语作 underclothing [U]) clothes worn under a shirt, dress, etc next to the skin 内衣物: * thermal underwear 保暖内衣 * She packed one change of underwear, eg a bra, pants, tights. 她打点好一套替换的内衣物（如乳罩、 内裤、 裤袜）.

underweight
[7QndE'weit; 5Qndl'wet] adj below the usual, legal or stated weight 低於一般重量的; 未达标准或规定之重量的; 重量不足的: * You are only slightly underweight for (ie in relation to) your height. 按你的身高来说, 你体重仅稍轻一点儿. * The coal is six pounds underweight/underweight by six pounds. 这些煤的重量少了六磅. =>Usage at thin 用法见thin. Cf 参看 overweight.

underwent
[7QndE'went; 7Qndl'went] pt of undergo.

underworld
[5QndEwE:ld; 5Qndl7wEld] n the underworld[sing] 1 (in mythology) place under the earth inhabited by the departed spirits of the dead （神话中的）阴间, 阴曹. 2 part of society that lives by vice and crime 下流社会; 黑社会: * police contacts in the London underworld伦敦黑社会中的警方眼线 * [attrib 作定语] leading underworld figures, ie notorious criminals 黑社会的头面人物（劣迹昭彰的罪犯）.

underwrite
[7QndE'rait; 7Qndl'rait] v (pt underwrote[- 5rEUt; -`rot/, pp underwritten[-'ritn; -'ritn] ) [Tn] 1 sign and accept liability under (an insurance policy, esp for ships), thus guaranteeing payment in the event of loss or damage 在（保险单, 尤指船舶保险单）下方签署并承担责任（承保损失或损坏之责）. 2 (finance 财) undertake to buy, at an agreed price, all stock in (a company) that is not bought by the public （按商定的价格）认购（某公司）的全部剩馀证券; 包销（证券）: * The shares were underwritten by the Bank of England. 这些股票由英格兰银行包销. 3 undertake to finance (an enterprise) 同意资助（某事业）: * The government underwrotethe initial costs of the operation. 政府为该项活动提供了开办时所需的费用. 派生： `underwriter n person or organization that underwrites insurance policies, esp for ships 保险业者, 保险公司（尤指船只的）: an underwriter at Lloyd's 劳埃德保险社承保人.

undeserved
[7Qndi'zE:vd; 7Qndi'zEvd] adj not fair or just不恰当的; 不应得的: * an undeserved punishment, rebuke, reward 不该受的惩罚、 责备、 报偿 * His reputation as a Romeo is quite undeserved. 他有罗密欧之称是名不副实的. > undeservedly[-di'zE:vidli; -di'zEvidli] adv.

undesirable
[7Qndi'zaiErEbl; 7Qndi'zairEbl] adj 1 likely to cause trouble or inconvenience; unwanted 可能招致麻烦或不便的; 不想要的: * The drug has no undesirable side-effects. 这种药没有什麽不良的副作用. * Military intervention is highly undesirable. 军事干涉极不相宜.2 (of a person, his habits, etc) of a kind not to be welcomed in society; objectionable （指人、 人的习惯等）不受大家欢迎的, 令人不快的, 讨厌的: * She's a most undesirable influence. 她是个专门不起好作用的人. 派生： undesirable n undesirable person 不受欢迎的人; 讨厌的人: drunks, vagrants and other undesirables 醉鬼、 无业游民等讨厌的人 * (joc 谑) The club hires a bouncer to keep out undesirables. 这个俱乐部雇用了一个保镳来驱逐捣乱分子. undesirably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv.

undeterred
[7Qndi'tE:d; 7Qndi'tEd] adj not deterred or discouraged 未被吓住的; 不气馁的: * undeterred by failure 不因失败而气馁 * It was raining heavily but he set out undeterred. 雨下得很大, 他仍不顾一切出发了.

undeveloped
[7Qndi'velEpt; 7Qndi'velEpt] adj 1 not fully grown or developed 未充分发育的; 未发展的; 不发达的: * undeveloped fruit, muscles, organs 未成熟的水果、 不发达的肌肉、 发育不良的器官. 2 not yet used for agriculture, industry, building, etc 尚未用於农业、 工业、 建 业等的; 未开发的: * undeveloped land 未开发的土地 * undeveloped resources, sites 未开发的资源、 地点.

undid
[Qn'did; Qn'did] pt of undo.

undies
[5Qndiz; 5Qndiz] n [pl] (infml 口) (esp women's) underclothes （尤指女用的）内衣: * She appeared in her undies. 她穿着内衣出来了.

undignified
[Qn'dignifaid; Qn'dignE7faid] adj not showing proper dignity; clumsy 不庄重的; 不像样子的: * an undignified retreat, collapse, failure, etc 不光彩的退却、 倒台、 失败等 * His skis crossed and he sat down in a most undignified manner. 他的滑雪板交叉在一起坐下时, 姿势很不雅观.

undischarged
[7Qndis'tFa:dVd; 7Qndis'tFardVd] adj (finance 财) 1 (of a debt) not paid （指债务）未偿清的. 2 (esp of a bankrupt person or firm) still legally obliged to pay money owing to creditors （尤指破产的个人或公司）仍须清偿债务的. Cf 参看 discharge.

undisputed
[7Qndi'spju:tid; 7Qndi'spjutid] adj 1 that cannot be doubted or questioned 无可置疑的; 毫无疑问的: * undisputed facts, talents, rights 无可怀疑的事实、 才干、 权利. 2 accepted without dispute; unchallenged 无可争辩的; 无异议的: * the undisputed champion, winner, etc 无可争辩的冠军、 优胜者等 * the undisputed market leader 在市场上无与匹敌的产品（或公司）.

undistinguished
[7Qndi'stiNgwiFt; 7Qndi'stiNgwiFt] adj lacking any outstanding feature; mediocre or poor 无特徵的; 无特色的; 普普通通的; 平庸的: * an undistinguishedcareer, appearance 平淡无奇的事业、 外表 * be undistinguished as a diplomat 当个平庸的外交官.

undivided
[7Qndi'vaidid; 7QndE'vaidid] adj (idm 习语) give one's undivided attention (to sth/sb); get/have sb's undivided attention concentrate fully (on sth/sb); be the one thing or person that sb attends to 全神贯注（於某事物[某人]）; 为某人关注的对象: * You have my (full and) undivided attention. 你是我一心（一意）注意的人. * Tom seldom got his mother's undivided attention. 汤姆很少受到母亲全心的关怀.

undo
[Qn'du:; Qn'du] v (pt undid/Qn'did; Qn'did] , pp undone/Qn'dQn; Qn'dQn] ) [Tn] 1 untie or unfasten (knots, buttons, etc); open (a parcel, an envelope, etc) 解开, 松开（结、 钮扣等）; 打开, 拆开（包裹、 信封等）: * My zip has come undone. 我的拉锁开了. * I can't undo my shoelaces. 我解不开鞋带. * undo (ie unravel) some knitting 拆开编结物. Cf 参看 do up (do2), do sth up. 2 destroy the effect of (sth); cancel 使（某事物）无效;取消; 废除: * He undid most of the good work of his predecessor. 他把前任的大部分业绩毁掉了. * What is done cannot be undone. 已做的事是既成事实. 派生： undoing/Qn'du:iN; Qn'duiN] n [sing] (fml 文) cause of sb's ruin or downfall 造成某人毁灭或垮台的原因: * Drink was his undoing. 他酗酒是堕落的根源. * lead, contribute to sb's undoing 导致、 促使某人毁灭. undone adj [pred 作表语] 1 untied, unfastened oropened 已解开; 已松开; 已拆开; 已打开: Your buttons areall undone. 你的钮扣全解开了. 2 not done; unfinished 未做的; 未完成的: The work was left/remained undone. 工作还没做完.

undoubted
[Qn'dautid; Qn'dautid] adj [attrib 作定语] not doubted or questioned; indisputable 无疑的; 肯定的; 毋庸置疑的: * her undoubted skill, class, ability, etc as an athlete 她身为运动员的无可置疑技术、 水平、 能力等 * an undoubted improvement in my health 我的身体确实的好转 * an undoubted authority on the subject 这学科毫无疑义的权威. > undoubtedly adv: * The paintingis undoubtedly genuine. 这幅画无疑是真品. * undoubtedlyso 确实如此.

undreamed
of

undress
[7Qn'dres; Qn'dres] v 1 [I] take off one's clothes 脱去衣物: * undress and get into bed 脱掉衣服上床睡觉. 2 [Tn] remove the clothes of (sb/sth) 脱去（某人[某物]）的衣物: * undress a child, doll 脱掉孩子、 玩具娃娃的衣服. 派生： undressed adj [usu pred 通常作表语] with one's clothes off; naked 已脱掉衣物; 裸露: Are you undressed yet? 你已经脱了衣服了吗? * It's time the children got undressed. 孩子都该脱衣服了.

undrinkable
[7Qn'driNkEbl; Qn'driNkEbl] adj not fit to be drunk, because of impurity or poor quality （因有杂质或质量低劣而）不能喝的, 不宜饮用的: * This wine is quite undrinkable. 这种酒根本不能喝.

undue
[7Qn'dju:; - -'du:; Qn'du] adj [attrib 作定语] (fml 文) more than is right or proper; excessive 不当的; 过分的; 过度的: * with ,undue `haste 过於仓促 * show undue concern over sb/sth 对某人[某事物]表现过分关心 * apply undue pressure to make sb change his mind 施加不适当的压力迫使某人改变想法.

undulate
[5Qndjuleit; - -dVu-; 5QndVE7let] v [I] have a wave-like movement or appearance 波动; 起伏; 呈波浪形: * (a field of) wheat undulating in the breeze 在微风中起伏的（一片）麦浪 * undulating hills, fields, etc 起伏的山冈、 田野等. 派生： undulation[7Qndju'leiFn; - -dVu-; 7QndVE'leFEn] n (a) [U] wave-like movement or appearance 波动; 起伏. (b) [C] one of a number of wave-like curves or slopes 波状的弯曲或斜坡: * The downs fell in gentle undulations to the sea. 这块丘陵地略带倾斜伸向大海.

unduly
[7Qn'dju:li; - -'du:li; Qn'duli] adv (fml 文) more than is right or proper; excessively 不当地; 过分地; 过度地: * without being unduly pessimistic, suspicious, etc 并不过於悲观、 猜疑等 * not unduly influenced/not influenced unduly by the media 并未过分受传播媒介的影响.

undying
[7Qn'daiiN; Qn'daiiN] adj [attrib 作定语] everlasting or never-ending 不死的; 不朽的; 永恒的: * undying love, hatred, fame 永恒的爱、 永久的恨、 不朽的名声.

unearned
[7Qn'E:nd; Qn'End] adj 1 not gained by working 非劳动所得的; 不劳而获的: * ,unearned `income, eg from interest on investments 非劳动收入（如投资利润所得）. 2 not deserved 不应得的: * ,unearned `praise 不该受到的赞扬.

unearth
[Qn'E:W; Qn'EW] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) 1 uncover or obtain sth from the ground by digging 发掘或挖出某物: * unearth buried treasure 发掘埋在地下的宝藏 * The dog has unearthed some bones.那条狗刨出了一些骨头. 2 (fig 比喻) find sth by searching; discover and make known 搜寻到某事物; 发现并披露: * I unearthed the portrait from the attic. 我从阁楼上搜出这幅画像. * unearth new facts about Shakespeare发现有关莎士比亚的新资料.

unearthly
[Qn'E:Wli; Qn'EWli] adj 1 supernatural or mysterious or frightening 超自然的; 神秘的; 可怕的: * unearthly visions, screams 怪异的幻象、 尖叫声 * The silence was unearthly. 静得可怕. 2 [attrib 作定语] (infml 口) absurdly early or inconvenient 早得或不便得离谱的: * Why should I get up at this unearthly hour? 为什麽我得这麽早起床? * the unearthly time of 2.30 am 凌晨两点叁十分这麽个不方便的时间.

uneasy
[Qn'i:zi; Qn'izi] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 ~ (about/atsth) troubled or anxious 不安的; 忧虑的: * have an uneasyconscience, ie feel guilty 良心不安（感到内疚） * I'm uneasy in my mind about the future. 我为前途担忧. 2 fitful or uncomfortable 一阵阵的; 不舒服的: * an uneasy truce, silence 一阵一阵的休战、 沉默 * pass an uneasy night, ie sleep badly 一夜没睡好觉. 3 disturbing or worrying 令人不安的; 使人担忧的: * They had an uneasy suspicion that all was not well. 他们十分不安, 怀疑并非一切顺利. 派生： unease/Qn'i:z; Qn'iz] , uneasiness ns [U] apprehension 忧虑; 担心: * I waited with growing unease for her return. 我等着她回来, 心里越来越不安. uneasily/Qn'i:zili; Qn'izili] adv: * He moved uneasily in his chair. 他坐在椅子上动来动去十分不安.

uneatable
[7Qn'i:tEbl; Qn'itEbl] adj (of food, etc) not fit to be eaten, esp because of its poor condition （指食物等）不适於食用的, 不能吃的（尤因处理不善或变质）. Cf 参看 inedible.

uneconomic
[7Qn7i:kE'nCmik, 7Qn7ek-; 7Qn7ikE'namik,7Qn7ek-] adj not likely to be profitable; not economic不大可能赢利的; 不经济的: * ,uneconomic `factories, `industries, `businesses, etc 不太可能赚钱的工厂、 工业、 企业等 * the closure of uneconomic pits, ie coal-mines 不赢利煤矿之关闭.

uneconomical
[ 9Qn9i:kE5nCmIkl, 9Qn9ek-; 9Qn9ikE`nBmIkEl, 9Qn9Zk-] adj wasteful or inefficient; not thrifty 浪费的; 效率低的; 不节约的: * an uneconomical method of housekeeping 缺乏精打细算的持家方法. > uneconomically[-kli; -kli] adv.

uneducated
[Qn'edVukeitid; Qn'edVu7ketid] adj 1suggesting lack of the type of education, social backgroundor good manners considered desirable 未受良好教育的; 缺乏教养的: * uneducated speech, handwriting 缺乏修养的言语、 书法 * uneducated tastes 庸俗的趣味. 2 having received little or no formal education at a school, etc 未受过正规教育的; 没上过学的; 文盲的.

unemployed
[7Qnim'plCid; 7Qnim'plCid] adj 1 temporarilywithout a paid job 未被雇用的; 失业的. 2 not in use 不在使用中的; 未用的: * (finance 财) unemployed capital, ie capital that is not invested 游资（未用於投资的资金）. 派生： the unemployed n [pl v] people who are (temporarily) without work 失业的人.

unemployment
[7Qnim'plCimEnt; 7Qnim'plCimEnt] n [U] (a) state of being unemployed 失业; 失业状况: * 300 workers face unemployment 300名工人面临失业 * throughout the period of your unemployment 在你失业的整个期间. (b) amount of unused labour 失业人数: * reduce unemployment, eg by creating jobs 减少失业人数（如藉创造就业机会） * the rising level of unemployment 不断增长的失业率 * [attrib 作定语] the monthly unemployment figures 每月的失业人数. 复合： unem`ployment benefit (US unemployment compen`sation) [U] money paid to a worker who cannot find employment 失业津贴; 失业救济金.

unending
[Qn'endiN; Qn'endiN] adj 1 everlasting orunceasing 无止境的; 不停的: * the unending struggle betweengood and evil 善与恶之间永无休止的斗争. 2 (infml 口) frequently repeated 不断重复的: * I'm tired of your unending complaints. 我厌倦了你那没完没了的牢骚.

unequal
[7Qn'i:kwEl; Qn'ikwEl] adj 1 ~ (in sth) different (in size, amount, etc) （在大小、 数量等方面）不同的, 不相等的: * The twins are unequal in height. 这一对孪生儿高矮不一样. 2 not at the same level of strength, ability, etc （力量、 能力等）不平等的, 不相称的: * an unequal bargain, contest, struggle 不等价的交易、 不平等的竞争、 力量悬殊的斗争 * unequal pay and conditions, eg for women 不平等的工资和劳动条件（如对妇女的）. 3 [pred 作表语] ~ to sth (fml 文) not strong, clever, etc enough to do sth （对做某事）无力, 无才, 不胜任: * I feel unequal to the task. 我觉得难以胜任这项工作. > unequally[-kwEli; -kwEli] adv.

unequalled
[7Qn'i:kwEld; Qn'ikwEld] adj superior to all others; unmatched 无比的; 无匹的; 无双的: * His record as a show-jumper is unequalled. 他超越障碍赛马的记录无出其右. * The husky is unequalled for stamina and endurance. 爱斯基摩狗的体力和耐性是无双的.

unequivocal
[7Qni'kwivEkl; 7Qni'kwivEkl] adj (fml文) having only one possible meaning; clear and unmistakeable 只有一种含义的; 清楚明白的: * an unequivocal attitude, position, demand 明确的态度、 立场、 要求. > unequivocally[-kEli; -kEli] adv: * state one's intentions unequivocally 明确地说出自己的打算.

unerring
[7Qn'E:riN; Qn'EiN] adj not making mistakes or failing or missing the mark; consistently accurate 不犯错误的; 万无一失的; 一贯准确的: * his unerring taste in clothes, instinct for a bargain, sense of direction 他那万无一失的衣物审美观点、 讨价还价的本能、 方向感 * He has an unerring knack of saying the wrong thing. 他有个出言必失的本事. * His aim was unerring. 他百发百中. > unerringly adv.

UNESCO
(also Unesco)[ju:'neskEu; ju'nesko] abbr缩写 = United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 联合国教育、 科学及文化组织.

unethical
[7Qn'eWikl; Qn'eWikl] adj without principles, esp in business or professional conduct 无原则的（尤指业务或职业道德方面）: * unethical decisions, practices 无原则的决定、 做法. > unethically[-kli; -kli] adv.

uneven
[7Qn'i:vn; Qn'ivEn] adj 1 not level or smooth or regular 不平坦的; 不平滑的; 不规则的: * an uneven hemline, ie of a skirt 凹凸的底边线（裙子的） * an uneven pavement, floor 高低不平的人行道、 地板. 2 not uniform or equal; varying 不一致的; 不相等的; 有差异的: * have an uneven pulse, heartbeat 脉搏、 心律紊乱 * Emotion made his voice uneven. 他激动得声音都变了. * work of uneven quality 质量不稳定的工作. 3 (of a contest, match, etc) unequal （指竞争、 比赛等）不对等的, 不势均力敌的. > unevenly adv. unevenness n [U].

unexceptionable
[7Qnik'sepFEnEbl; 7Qnik'sepFEnEbl] adj (fml 文) that cannot be criticized; entirely satisfactory无可挑剔的; 无懈可击的: * her unexceptionable behaviour, conduct, etc 她那无可指摘的行为、 品行等. > unexceptionably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv.

unexceptional
[7Qnik'sepFEnl; 7Qnik'sepFEnEl] adv not outstanding or unusual; quite ordinary 不突出的; 平常的; 普通的. > unexceptionally[-FEnEli; -FEnEli] adv.

unexpected
[7Qnik'spektid; 7Qnik'spektid] adj causing surprise because not expected 未料到的; 意外的; 突如其来的: * ,unexpected `guests, `questions, `gifts 不速之客、 突如其来的问题、 料想不到的礼物 * ,unexpected de`velopments, `changes, re`sults 未料到的发展、 变化、 结果 * His reaction was quite unexpected. 他的反应完全出乎大家意料之外. 派生： the unexpected n [sing] event, etc that is unexpected 意外的事情: be prepared for the unexpected (to happen) 为意外情况（之发生）做好准备. unexpectedly adv. unexpectedness n [U].

unfailing
[Qn'feiliN; Qn'feliN] adj (approv 褒) 1 never coming to an end; constant 永恒的; 无穷的: * an unfailing source of inspiration 用之不竭的灵感的源泉 * their unfailing efforts for peace 他们为争取和平的不懈努力 * his unfailing patience, good humour, devotion, etc 他那始终如一的耐性、 好脾气、 奉献精神等. 2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] that can be relied on; certain 可靠的; 确实的: * her unfailing cooperation, support, etc 她给予的可靠的合作、 支持等. 派生： unfailingly adv at all times 永远; 始终; 一贯: unfailingly courteous 一贯谦恭有礼.

unfair
[7Qn'feE(r); Qn'fer] adj 1 ~ (on/to sb) not rightor just 不公正的; 不公平的: * ,unfair `treatment, compe`tition不公平的待遇、 竞争 * an ,unfair de`cision, com`parison, ad`vantage 不公允的裁决、 比较、 有利地位 * If some athletes use drugs, it is unfair on/to the others. 有的运动员若使用兴奋剂, 其他运动员就要吃亏. * She sued her employer for unfair dismissal. 她控告雇主无理解雇工人. 2 not following normal rules or principles 违反规则或准则的: * ,unfair `tactics 不正当的手段 * ,unfair `play, eg at a football match 犯规动作（如足球比赛中的） * (commerce 商) ,unfair `trading 违例交易. > unfairly adv. unfairness n [U].

unfaithful
[7Qn'feiWfl; Qn'feWfEl] adj ~ (to sb/sth) 1 having committed adultery 有通奸行为的; 不忠的: * Her husband is unfaithful (to her). 她丈夫（对她）不忠. 2 (dated 旧) not loyal; treacherous 不忠实的; 背叛的; 变节的: * an unfaithful servant, subject, etc 不忠实的仆人、臣民等. > unfaithfully[-fEli; -fEli] adv. unfaithfulnessn [U].

unfamiliar
[7QnfE'miliE(r); 7QnfE'miljl] adj 1 ~ (to sb) not well known 不熟悉的: * His face was unfamiliar to me. 我觉得他很面生. * working in new and unfamiliar surroundings 在不熟悉的新环境中工作. 2 [pred 作表语] ~ with sth (fml 文) not having knowledge of sth; not acquainted with sth 对某事物不了解或不熟悉: * I'm unfamiliar with this type of computer. 我不熟悉这种类型的计算机. > unfamiliarity[7QnfE7mili'rEti; 7QnfE7mili'ArEti] n [U].

unfathomable
[Qn'fATEmEbl; Qn'fATEmEbl] adj (fml 文) 1 so deep that the bottom cannot be reached 深得无法到达底部的: * the ocean's unfathomable depths 海洋中无法到达的深处. 2 (fig 比喻) too strange or difficultto be understood 莫测高深的; 难以了解的: * unfathomablemotives, mysteries 难以理解的动机、 奥秘.

unfeeling
[Qn'fi:liN; Qn'filiN] adj hard-hearted or unsympathetic 无情的; 硬心肠的; 无同情心的: * unfeeling behaviour 无情的行为 * an unfeeling person, remark, attitude, reaction 无同情心的人、 言语、 态度、 反应. > unfeelingly adv.

unfeigned
[Qn'feind; Qn'fend] adj not pretended; genuine or sincere 不虚伪的; 真正的; 真诚的: * greet sb with unfeigned pleasure, delight, sympathy, etc 真正高兴地、 喜悦地、 同情地...招呼某人. > unfeignedly/,QnfeInIdlI; Qn`fenIdlI/ adv.

unfit
[7Qn'fit; Qn'fit] adj 1 ~ (for sth/to do sth) (a) not of the required standard; unsuitable 不合格的; 不适宜的: * food unfit for human consumption 人不能吃的食物 * houses unfit for people to live in 不适合居住的房屋. (b) lacking the ability needed; incapable 不胜任的; 无能力的: * She is unfit for such a senior position. 她不胜任这种高级职务. * He is unfit to drive in his present state, eg because he is drunk. 他现在这样不能开车（如因喝醉了酒）. 2 not perfectly healthy and fit 不太健康的; 不太健壮的: * The army rejected him as medically unfit. 他因体检不合格而未能入伍.

unflagging
[7Qn'flAgiN; Qn'flAgiN] adj not showing signs of tiredness; untiring 毫无倦容的; 不疲倦的: * unflagging energy, zeal, devotion, etc 充沛的精力、 不衰的热情、 不懈的奉献精神 * listen with unflagging attention, interest, concentration, etc 全神贯注地、 兴趣昂然地、 聚精会神地...听着. > unflaggingly adv.

unflappable
[7Qn'flApEbl; Qn'flApEbl] adj (infml 口 esp Brit) remaining calm in a crisis; imperturbable 临危不乱的; 镇定自若的: * A busy manager needs a completely unflappable secretary. 经理工作忙就需要一个头脑十分冷静的秘书. > unflappability[7QnflpE'bilEti; Qn7flApE'bilEti] n [U].

unflinching
[Qn'flintFiN; Qn'flintFiN] adj not showing fear or shrinking in the face of danger, difficulty, etc 临危不惧的; 知难而上的: * unflinching courage, determination,resoluteness, etc 临危不惧的勇气、 知难而上的决心、 百折不挠的毅力. > unflinchingly adv: * He held out his hand unflinchingly for the cane. 他毫不畏缩地伸出手去挨 条打.

unfold
[Qn'fEuld; Qn'fold] v 1 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) open or spread out from a folded state （使某物）展开, 打开: * The garden chair unfolds to make a camp-bed. 花园中这把椅子可以打开当行军床用. * unfold a map, tablecloth, etc 展开地图、 桌布等 * The eagle unfolded its wings. 那鹰伸展开了翅膀. 2 [I, Tn, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) (fig 比喻) (cause sth to) be revealed or made known （使某事物）显露, 展现: * The landscape unfolded before us. 那景色展现在我们面前. * as the story, scene, enquiry unfolds (itself) 如故事、 场景、 调查所显示的那样 * She unfolded her plans to me. 她向我透露了她的计画.

unforeseen
[7QnfC:'si:n; 7QnfCr'sin] adj not known inadvance; unexpected 未预见到的; 意料之外的: * ,unforeseen`circumstances, de`velopments, `difficulties 未预见到的情况、 发展、 困难.

unforgettable
[7QnfE'getEbl; 7Qnfl'getEbl] adj (espapprov 尤作褒义) that cannot be easily forgotten; memorable难忘的; 永远记得的: * an unforgettable experience, moment,scene 难忘的经历、 瞬间、 场面.

unformed
[7Qn'fC:md; Qn'fCrmd] adj not (yet) having developed fully; immature （尚）未充分发展的; 未成熟的: * her ,unformed `handwriting 她那没有功底的书法 * The child's character is as yet unformed. 那孩子的性格尚未定型.

unfortunate
[Qn'fC:tFEnit; Qn'fCrtFEnit] adj 1 havingor causing bad luck; unlucky 不幸的; 倒霉的: * I was unfortunate enough to lose my keys. 我把钥匙丢了, 真倒霉. * an unfortunate expedition 运气不佳的探险 * an unfortunate start to our holiday 我们度假之出行不利. 2 unsuitable or regrettable 不合适的; 不恰当的; 令人遗憾的; 可惜的: * an unfortunate remark, coincidence, mishap 不得体的话、 令人遗憾的巧合、 可悲的事故 * a most unfortunate choice of words 极不恰当的措辞 * It is unfortunate that you missed the meeting. 真可惜, 你没参加那次会议. 派生： unfortunate n (esp pl 尤作复数) unfortunate or wretched person 不幸的人; 可怜人: Unlike many other poor unfortunates, I do have a job. 我同许多不幸的人不一样, 我是有工作的. unfortunately adv ~ (for sb) regrettably; unluckily遗憾地; 不幸地: The notice is most unfortunately phrased.这份通知用语很不得当. * I can't come, unfortunately.很遗憾, 我来不了. * Unfortunately for him, he was wrong.很遗憾, 他错了.

unfounded
[7Qn'faundid; Qn'faundid] adj with no basis in fact; groundless 无事实根据的; 无基础的: * unfounded rumours, suspicions, hopes 毫无根据的谣言、 无端的猜疑、 虚幻的希望.

unfreeze
[7Qn'fri:z; Qn'friz] v (pt unfroze[-'frEuz; -'froz] ,pp unfrozen[-'frEuzn; -'frozEn] ) 1 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) thaw （使某物）解冻: * unfreeze some chops 把一些冻排骨化开. Cf 参看 defrost. 2 [Tn] (finance 财) remove official controls on (the economy, etc) 解除对（经济等）的控制; 放开（经济等）: * unfreeze wages, prices, etc 解除对工资、 价格等的冻结 * unfreeze trade restrictions 取消贸易限制.

unfriendly
[7Qn'frendli; Qn'frendli] adj (-ier, -iest) ~ (to/towards sb) hostile or unsympathetic 不友好的; 有敌意的; 冷漠的: * an unfriendly look, gesture, attitude 不友好的神情、 姿态、 态度 * He was distinctly unfriendly towards me. 他对我很冷淡.

unfrock
[7Qn'frCk; Qn'frak] (also defrock) v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] dismiss (a priest guilty of bad conduct) from the priesthood 免去（行为不检的牧师）之圣职.

unfurl
[7Qn'fE:l; Qn'fEl] v [I, Tn] unroll, unfold or spread out (sth) 展开, 张开, 铺开（某物）: * unfurl a flag, banner, sail, etc 展开旗子、 旗帜、 风帆等.

ungainly
[Qn'geinli; Qn'genli] adj clumsy or awkward; not graceful 笨拙的; 难看的; 不雅的: * the ungainly movements of ducks out of water 鸭子出水的笨拙动作 * He walked in long ungainly strides. 他迈着笨拙的大步子行走. > ungainliness n [U].

unget
at-able

ungodly
[7Qn'gCdli; Qn'gadli] adj 1 (dated or fml 旧或文) not giving reverence to God; sinful or wicked 不敬上帝的; 违反宗教或道德准则的; 邪恶的: * lead an ungodly life 过着不道德的生活. 2 [attrib 作定语] (infml 口) very inconvenient 很不方便的: * Why are you phoning at this ungodly hour (of the night)? 你为什麽在（夜里）这个时候打电话来?

ungovernable
[7Qn'gQvEnEbl; Qn'gQvlnEbl] adj (fml 文) impossible or difficult to control; violent 无法或难以控制的; 剧烈的: * fly into an ungovernable rage, temper,etc 勃然大怒、 大发雷霆 * a man of ungovernable passions难以控制感情的人.

ungracious
[7Qn'greiFEs; Qn'greFEs] adj grudging or resentful; impolite 勉强的; 忿恨的; 不礼貌的: * her ungracious acceptance of my offer 她接受我的提议时那种勉强的态度 * It was ungracious of me not to acknowledge your help. 你大力帮助而我尚未表示谢意, 十分失礼. > ungraciously adv.

ungrammatical
[7QngrE'mtikl; 7QngrE'mAtikl] adj contrary to the rules of grammar 不符合语法的; 违反语法规则的: * ungrammatical sentences, constructions, etc 不合乎语法的句子、 结构形式等. > ungrammatically[-klI; -klI/ adv.

ungrateful
[Qn'greitfl; Qn'gretfEl] adj ~ (to sb) (for sth)not recognizing a kindness, service, etc; not grateful 不感激的; 不领情的; 忘恩负义的: * You ungrateful wretch! 你这忘恩负义的家伙! > ungratefully[-fEli; -fEli] adv.

unguarded
[7Qn'ga:did; Qn'gardid] adj 1 not guarded 无防卫的; 无人守护的: * The prisoner was left unguarded. 那犯人无人看守. * Never leave your luggage unguarded, ie unattended. 千万注意看好自己的行李. 2 (esp of a person and what he says) careless or indiscreet （尤指人及言语）粗心的, 不留神的, 不谨慎的: * unguarded comments, criticisms, etc 轻率的评语、 批评等 * catch sb in an unguarded moment 乘某人不备将其抓住.

unhappy
[Qn'hApi; Qn'hApi] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 (a) sad or miserable; not happy 悲伤的; 难过的; 不幸福的; 不愉快的: * look, sound, etc unhappy 看上去、 听起来...很不高兴 * an unhappy occasion, atmosphere, face 不愉快的场合、 气氛、 脸色. (b) ~ (about/at sth) anxious or dissatisfied 忧虑的; 发愁的; 不满意的: * Investors were unhappy about the risk. 投资者为这一风险而担心. 2 unfortunate or unlucky; regrettable 不幸的; 不走运的; 令人遗憾的: * an unhappy coincidence, chance, etc 不幸的巧合、 偶然事故等 * What has led to this unhappy state of affairs? 事情弄到这步田地是什麽原因造成的? 3 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (fml 文) not suitable or appropriate 不合适的; 不恰当的: * an unhappy comment, decision, choice 不恰当的评语、 决定、 选择. 派生： unhappily[-ili; -ili] adv 1 sadly 可悲地; 难过地. 2 unfortunately 不幸地; 不走运地; 遗憾地: * Unhappily, she is not here today. 真遗憾, 她今天不在这儿. unhappiness n [U].

unhealthy
[Qn'helWi; Qn'helWi] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 not having or not showing good health 不健康的: * an unhealthy pallor, complexion, cough 不健康的苍白、 面容、 咳嗽声 * (fig 比喻) the unhealthy state of the economy 不景气的经济状况. 2 harmful to health 有害於健康的; 不卫生的: * an unhealthy climate, diet, life-style 不利於健康的气候、 固定饮食、 生活方式 * living in damp unhealthy conditions 在有害於健康的潮湿环境中生活. 3 unwholesome or morbid 有害身心健康的; 病态的: * show an unhealthy interest in/curiosity about murder 对凶杀案表现出病态的兴趣[好奇心]. 4 (infml 口) dangerous to life 有生命危险的: * Terrorist attacks made our position very unhealthy. 在恐怖分子的袭击下我们面临生命危险. > unhealthily[-ili; -ili] adv. unhealthiness n [U].

unheard
[7Qn'hE:d; Qn'hEd] adj [usu pred 通常作表语] having nobody willing to pay attention; unheeded 无人理会; 未引起注意: * Her case was/went unheard by the authorities. 她的问题当局不予考虑. 复合： unheard-of/Qn'hE:d Cv; Qn'hEd7av] adj not previously known of or done; unprecedented 前所未闻的; 无先例的; 空前的: * Radiation reached unheard-of levels. 辐射作用已达到前所未有的程度. * It was unheard-of for anyone to complain. 从未听说过有人投诉的事.

unhinge
[Qn'hindV; Qn'hindV] v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] cause (sb) to become mentally unbalanced 使（某人）精神失常或错乱: * The shock unhinged his mind. 他经这一打击精神失常了. * Unhinged by her death, he fell ill. 她死後他精神错乱而病倒了.

unholy
[7Qn'hEuli; Qn'holi] adj (-ier, -iest) [attrib 作定语] 1 wicked or sinful 亵渎神明的; 违反宗教或道德准则的; 邪恶的; 罪恶的: * an unholy alliance between some Communists and Fascists 某些共产党分子和法西斯分子之间罪恶的联盟. 2 (infml 口) (used as an intensifier 用以加强语气) outrageous or excessive 令人不能容忍的; 极端的; 过分的: * leave things in an unholy muddle/mess 把事情弄得乱七八糟 * making an unholy row/din/racket 吵得受不了. > unholiness n [U].

unhoped
for

uni-
comb form 构词成分 having or consisting of one 单; 一: unilateral * unisex.

UNICEF
[5ju:nisef; 5junisef] abbr 缩写 = United Nations Children's (formerly International Children's Emergency) Fund 联合国儿童基金会.

unicellular
[7ju:ni'seljulE(r); 7juni'seljEll] adj (biology生) (of an organism) consisting of a single cell （指有机体）单细胞组成的.

unicorn
[5ju:nikC:n; 5juni7kCrn] n mythical animal resemblinga horse with a single straight horn projecting from its forehead （神话中似马的）独角兽. =>illus at coat of arms (coat) 见coat of arms (coat)插图.

unidentified
[7Qnai'dentifaid; 7Qnai'denti7faid] adj that cannot be identified 不能辨认的; 无法识别的: * an unidentified species, submarine, caller 辨别不出的种类、 潜艇、 来客 * information from unidentified sources 来源不明的信息. 复合： ,unidentified ,flying `object (abbr 缩写 UFO) = flying saucer (flying).

uniform
1[5ju:nifC:m; 5junE7fCrm] adj not changing in form or character; unvarying （形式或特徵）无变化的; 一律的: * of uniform length, size, shape, colour, etc 长度、 大小、 形状、 颜色等一样的 * The rows of houses were uniform in appearance. 这一排排的房子外观相同. * be kept at a uniform temperature 保持恒温 * uniform distribution of weight 重量的均匀分布. > uniformity/ 9ju:nI5fR:mEtI; 9junE`fRrmEtI/ n (esp derog 尤作贬义) [U]: * a depressing uniformity of taste 趣味方面使人感到沉闷的千篇一律. uniformly adv: * Reaction to the cuts was uniformly negative. 对削减经费一事一律持反对态度.

unify
[5ju:nifai; 5junE7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn] form (sth) into a single unit or make uniform 使（某物）成为一体; 使统一; 使一致: * Germany was unified in 1871. 德国於1871年统一了. * the unifying effect of the nurses' strike 护士罢工产生的团结效应 * England and Scotland do not have a unified legal system. 英格兰和苏格兰法制不统一. > unification[7ju:nifi'keiFn; 7junEfE'keFEn] n [U]: * seeking the unification of Christian churches 谋求基督教教派的统一.

unilateral
[7ju:ni'lAtrEl; 7juni'lAtErEl] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] done by or affecting one person, group, country, etc and not another; one-sided 单方面做出的; 仅影响一方的; 单方面的; 单边的: * unilateral decisions, agreements, declarations, etc 单方面的决定、 协议、 宣布等 * unilateral (nuclear) disarmament, ie voluntary removalor dismantling by a country of its (nuclear) weapons单方面（核）裁军. Cf 参看 bilateral, multilateral. > unilaterally[-rEli; -rEli] adv.

unimpeachable
[7Qnim'pi:tFEbl; 7Qnim'pitFEbl] adj (fmlapprov 文, 褒) that cannot be doubted or questioned; trustworthy 无可怀疑的; 无可指摘的; 可靠的: * unimpeachable honesty, behaviour 无可怀疑的诚实、 行为 * evidence from an unimpeachable source 来源可靠的证据. > unimpeachably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv.

uninformed
[7Qnin'fC:md; 7Qnin'fCrmd] adj 1 not having or showing sufficient information 信息不足的; 情况不明的: * an uninformed estimate, opinion, criticism 情况不明的估计、 看法、 批评 * Her colleagues had deliberately kept her uninformed. 她那些同事故意不让她知道. 2 uneducated or ignorant 未受教育的; 无知的: * the uninformed political discussion you hear in pubs 在酒馆里可听到的对於政治十分无知的谈论 * (fml or joc 文或谑) Quercus, or, to the uninformed layman, the oak... 栎属乔木, 亦即外行人所谓的橡树....

uninspired
[7Qnin'spaiEd; 7Qnin'spaird] adj without imagination or inspiration; dull 无想像力的; 无灵感的; 枯燥的: * an uninspired speech, performance, painting, etc 枯燥无味的讲话、 表演、 图画等.

uninspiring
[7Qnin'spaiEriN; 7Qnin'spairiN] adj not producing interest or excitement; unpromising 引不起兴趣的; 无鼓舞作用的; 无指望的: * The book is fascinating, despite its uninspiring title. 这本书很有意思, 虽然书名并不吸引人.

unintelligible
[7Qnin'telidVEbl; 7Qnin'telidVEbl] adj impossible to understand 不可能理解的; 难懂的: * unintelligible handwriting, jargon 看不懂的笔迹、 莫名其妙的行话 * speak in an almost unintelligible whisper 用几乎听不清的低声说话. > unintelligibly[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv.

uninterested
[Qn'intrEstid; Qn'intristid] adj ~ (in sb/sth) having or showing no interest or concern; indifferent不感兴趣的; 不关心的; 淡漠的. =>Usage at interest2 用法见interest2.

uninviting
[7Qnin'vaitiN; 7Qnin'vaitiN] adv not attractive; repellent 不吸引人的; 令人反感的: * an uninviting meal of cold fish and chips 凉鱼和炸土豆条这样一顿不起眼的饭食 * The hotel room was bare and uninviting. 这个旅馆房间光秃秃的, 很不好看.

union
[5ju:niEn; 5junjEn] n 1 [U, sing] ~ (of A with B/between A and B) (act or instance of) uniting or being united 结合; 联合; 合并: * the union of three towns into one 叁个市镇之合而为一 * support the union between our two parties/the union of our party with yours 赞成我们两党的联合[我党同贵党的联合]. 2 [C] (a) (esp political) whole formed by uniting parts, states, etc （尤指政治上的）联盟、 联邦等: * the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 苏维埃社会主义共和国联盟. (b) association or club formed by uniting people or groups 会社; 协会; 俱乐部: * the National Union of Working Men's Clubs 全国劳工组织联合会 * members of the Students' Union, ie a general social and debating society at some universities and colleges 学生会成员（某些大专院校的） * join the Mothers' Union 加入母亲联合会. (c) = trade union (trade1). 3 (fml or joc 文或谑) (a) [U] state of being in agreement or harmony 一致; 和睦: * live together in perfect union 十分和睦地在一起生活. (b) [C] instance of this, esp a marriage 一致, 和睦（尤指婚姻）: * a happy union, blessed with six children 有六个子女的美满婚姻. 4 [C] coupling for rods or pipes （棒或管的）连接（器）. 派生： unionize, -ise[-aiz; -aiz] v [I, Tn] organize (people) into a trade union 成立或组织工会: * unionize afirm's employees 把公司的雇员组织成工会 * a unionizedwork-force 加入工会的职工总数. unionization, -isation/ 9ju:nIEnaI5zeIFn; US -nI5z-; 9junjEnE`zeFEn/ n [U]. 复合： the Union `Jack (also the Union `flag) the national flag of the United Kingdom 联合王国国旗; 英国国旗.

unionist
[5ju:niEnist; 5junjEnist] n (a) member of a trade union or supporter of trade unions 工会会员; 拥护工会的人. (b) Unionist person favouring political union, esp between Britain and Northern Ireland 拥护实行政治联合的人; （尤指）主张不列颠及北爱尔兰实行联合的人. > unionism[5ju:niEnizEm; 5junjE7nizEm] n [U].

unique
[ju:'ni:k; ju'nik] adj 1 (a) being the only one of its type 独一无二的; 仅有的; 唯一的: * a unique work of art 独一无二的艺术作品. (b) having no like or equal; unparalleled 独特的; 无比的; 无双的: * a unique opportunity 难得的机会 * a unique ability 独有的能力. 2 [pred 作表语] ~ to sb/sth concerning or related to one person or group or thing only 仅与一个人或一个群体或一件事物有关: * special difficulties unique to blind people 盲人遇到的特殊困难. 3 (infml 口) unusual; remarkable 不寻常的; 突出的: * a rather unique little restaurant 别具一格的餐馆. > uniquely adv: * She is uniquely suited to the job. 她是唯一适於做此工作的人. uniqueness n [U].

unisex
[5ju:niseks; 5juniseks] adj designed to be suitable for both sexes in style or function （式样或用途）不分性别的, 男女皆宜的: * unisex fashions 男女通用的时装 * a unisex hairdressing salon 男女美发厅.

unison
[5ju:nisn, 'ju:nizn; 5junEsn, 'junEzn] n (idm 习语) in unison (with sb/sth) (a) sounding or singing together the same musical note (or the same note in different octaves) （同音或八度同音的）齐奏, 齐唱: * The last verse will be sung in unison. 歌词的最後部分要齐唱. (b) (fig fml 比喻, 文) acting together in close association or agreement 一致的或协调的行动: * The banks have acted in unison with the building societies in lowering interest rates. 银行降低了利率来配合房屋建 协会的行动.

unit
[5ju:nit; 5junit] n 1 individual thing, person or group regarded for purposes of calculation, etc as single and complete, or as part of a complex whole （作为计算单位等的单个的事物、 人或群体或构成复杂整体的）单位, 单元: * the family as the unit of society 作为社会基本单位的家庭 * The course book has twenty units. 这个课本有二十个单元. 2 quantity chosen as a standard in terms of which other quantities may be expressed, or for which a stated charge is made （作为计量的）单位: * The metre is a unit of length. 米是长度单位. * The monetary unit of Great Britain is the pound. 英国的货币单位是镑. * SI units 国际标准单位 * a bill for fifty units of electricity 一张用电五十度的帐单. 3 (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) (a) part with a special function within a large or complex machine （机器的）部件, 元件, 构件: * a `filter unit 过滤装置 * the central `processing unit in a computer 计算机的中央处理机. (b) group with a special function within a large or complex organization （组织的）单位: * a unit of highly-trained soldiers 经过高度训练的士兵小分队 * a bomb-disposal unit 未爆炸弹处理小组. 4 piece of furniture, equipment, etc designed to fit with others that are similar or complementary （组合家具、 成套设备等的）组合件: * matching kitchen units 配套的厨房设备 * storage units 存储设备. 5 (a) smallest whole number; the number 1 最小整数; 1: * The number 34 consists of three tens and four units. 34这个数含有叁个十和四个一. (b) any whole number from 0 to 9 从0到9的任何一个整数: * a column for the tens and a column for the units 十位数列和个位数列. 复合： ,unit `price price charged for each single item of goods of the same type 单价. ,unit `trust (Brit) (US `mutual fund) investment company that invests the combined contributions of its members in various securities and pays them a dividend

unit1
(calculated on the average return from these securities) in proportion to their holdings 单位信托投资公司（将信托者的资金集中投资於各种证券, 其收益按比例分与信托者）.

Unitarian
[7ju:ni'teEriEn; 7junE'teriEn] n, adj (member) of the Christian religious sect which rejects the doctrine of the Trinity and believes that God is one person一位论派的（信徒）（认为上帝只有一位, 反对叁位一体的教义）: * the Unitarian Church 一位论派教会. > Unitarianism[-izEm; -7izEm] n [U].

unite
[ju:'nait; ju'nait] v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sb/sth) (with sb/sth) (cause people or things to) become one; come or bring together; join （使人或事物）合为一体, 联合, 合并, 统一, 团结: * The two parties have united to form a coalition. 这两个党已结成联盟. * After three years in prison he was again united with his wife and family. 他在狱中关了叁年之後, 又与妻子和家里人团圆了. * the common interests that unite our two countries 使我们两国联合起来的共同利益 * The threat of war has united the country behind (ie in support of) its leaders. 国难当头全国人民都团结在领袖的周围. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (in sth/doing sth) act or work together 联合; 统一; 联合行动; 一齐工作: * We should unite in fighting/unite to fight poverty and disease. 我们应该团结起来为消除贫穷和疾病而斗争. 派生： united adj 1 joined together by love or sympathy （由爱或同情）结合在一起的; 和睦的: a very united family 很和睦的家庭. 2 resulting from people joining together for a common purpose （为共同目标）团结的, 联合的: make a united effort 一致努力 * present a united front to the enemy 成立联合阵线共同对敌. 3 joined politically （政治上）统一的, 结盟的: the campaign for a united Ireland 争取爱尔兰统一的运动. unitedly adv. 复合： the U,nited `Kingdom (abbr 缩写 (the) UK) Great Britain and Northern Ireland （大不列颠及北爱尔兰）联合王国; 英国. =>Usage at great 用法见great. the U,nited `Nations (abbr 缩写 (the) UN) internationalorganization of many countries working for peace throughout the world 联合国. the U,nited `States (of A`merica) (abbrs 缩写 (the) US, USA) large country in N America consisting of 50 States and the District of Columbia （美利坚）合众国; 美国.

unity
[5ju:nEti; 5junEti] n 1 (a) [U] state of being one or a unit; oneness 单一; 唯一; 统一; 一体: * The figure on the left spoils the unity of the painting. 画中左边的人物破坏了全幅画的整体性. (b) [C] thing consisting of parts that form a whole 统一的事物; 统一体; 整体. 2 [U](mathematics 数) the number 1 （数字）1. 3 [U] harmonyor agreement (in aims, ideas, feelings, etc) （目标、 思想、 情感等的）和谐, 协调, 和睦, 团结, 一致: * live together in unity 和睦地在一起生活 * Christian unity 基督教的合一 * political unity 政治上的一致 * National unity is essential in wartime. 战时举国团结一致十分重要.

Univ
abbr 缩写 = University: London Univ 伦敦大学 * Univ of Salford 索尔福德大学.

universal
[7ju:ni'vE:sl; 7junE'vEsl] adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] of, belonging to, affecting or done by all people or things in the world or in a particular group 全体的; 影响全体的; 全体做的; 共同的: * Television provides universalentertainment. 电视提供的是大众的娱乐. * War causes universal misery. 战争给所有的人带来苦难. * universal suffrage, ie the right of all members of a community to vote 普选权 * There is universal agreement on this issue. 在这个问题上, 大家观点一致. * Their proposal met with almost universal condemnation. 他们的提议遭到了几乎所有人的反对. 派生： universality[7ju:nivE:'sAlEti; 7junEvE'sAlEti] n [U]. universally[-sEli; -sli] adv by everyone or in every case普遍地; 人人; 在所有情况下: * It is universally acknowledgedthat... 普遍认为... * The rules do not apply universally. 这些规则并非放诸四海而皆准. 复合： ,universal `joint (also ,universal `coupling) joint that connects two shafts in such a way that they can be at any angle to each other 万向接头.

universe
[5ju:nivE:s; 5junE7vEs] n 1 the universe [sing]all existing things, including the earth and its creatures and all the stars, planets, etc in space 宇宙; 世界; 天地万物. 2 [C] system of galaxies 星系; 银河系: * Are there other universes outside our own? 在我们的银河系之外还有别的星系吗?

university
[7ju:ni'vE:sEti; 7junE'vEsEti] n (a) [C] (colleges,buildings, etc of an) institution that teaches and examinesstudents in many branches of advanced learning, awardingdegrees and providing facilities for academic research 大学, 综合性高等学府（的学院、 建 物等）: * She hopes to go to university next year. 她希望明年能上大学. * [attrib 作定语] a university student, lecturer, professor, etc 大学生、 讲师、 教授. (b) [CGp] members of such an institution collectively 大学师生员工. =>Usage at school1 用法见school1.

unjust
[7Qn'dVQst; Qn'dVQst] adj not just; not fair or deserved 非正义的; 不公正的; 不公平的; 不该受的: * an unjust accusation 不公正的指控. > unjustly adv: * She was unjustly imprisoned without trial. 她未经审讯而入狱是不公正的.

unjustifiable
[Qn'dVQstifaiEbl; Qn'dVQstE7faiEbl] adj that cannot be justified or excused 无法证明为正当的; 无可辩解的; 不可原谅的: * His behaviour was quite unjustifiable. 他的行为毫无道理. > unjustifiably[-EblI; -EblI/ adv.

unkempt
[7Qn'kempt; Qn'kempt] adj not kept tidy; looking dishevelled or neglected 不整洁的; 凌乱的; 疏於整理的: * unkempt hair 蓬乱的头发 * He had an unkempt appearance. 他仪容不整. * The garden looks very unkempt. 花园显得凌乱不堪.

unkind
[7Qn'kaind; Qn'kaind] adj not having or showing kindness; cruel or harsh 不亲切的; 不和蔼的; 不厚道的; 不仁慈的; 残忍的; 苛刻的: * an unkind remark 刻薄的言语 * Don't be so unkind to your brother. 别对你弟弟那麽凶. 派生： unkindly adv in an unkind manner 不亲切地; 不和蔼地; 不厚道地; 不仁慈地; 残忍地; 苛刻地: Please don'ttake my remarks unkindly, ie think I intend to be unkind in saying this. 请不要把我的话往坏处想. unkindness n [U, C].

unknowing
[Qn'nEuiN; Qn'noiN] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] not knowing; unaware; unwitting 不知道的; 未意识到的; 未察觉的: * He was the unknowing cause of all the misunderstanding. 这一切误会都是他在无意中造成的. > unknowingly adv: * All unknowingly, she had been waiting for hours in the wrong place. 她记错了地方, 在那儿等了半天一直未发觉.

unknown
[7Qn'nEun; Qn'non] adj ~ (to sb) 1 not known or identified 未知的; 不详的; 未被认识的; 未认出的: * The side-effects of the drug are as yet unknown (toscientists). 这种药的副作用（科学家）尚未发现. * Unknownforces were at work to overthrow the government. 有些尚未查明的势力正在活动图谋推翻政府. 2 not famous or well known; unfamiliar 不出名的; 不闻名的; 不熟悉的; 陌生的: * The star of the film is a previously unknown actor. 这部电影里的明星以前是个默默无闻的演员. 3 (idm 习语) an ,unknown `quantity person or thing that one has no experience of and whose nature, significance, etc one therefore cannot predict 不了解的人或事物（因而无法估量其特点、 重要性等）: * The new sales director is still a bit of an unknown quantity. 新来的销售部主任大家还不大了解. unknown to sb without the knowledge of sb 不为某人所知: * Quite unknown to me, she'd gone ahead and booked the holiday. 在我完全不了解的情况下, 她已先行办好了度假的预订手续. 派生： unknown n (a) (usu 通常作 the unknown) [sing] thing, place, etc that is unknown 未知的或不了解的事物、 地方等: a journey into the unknown 前往陌生地方之行 * fear of the unknown 对不了解的事物的恐惧. (b) [C] person who is not well known 不出名的人: The leading role is played by a complete unknown. 演主角的是一个毫无名气的演员. (c) [C] (mathematics 数) quantity that is not yet determined 未知元; 未知数; 未知量: x and y are unknowns. x和y代表两个未知数.

unlace
[Qn'leis; Qn'les] v [Tn] undo the laces of (esp shoes); unfasten or loosen (sth) by slackening its laces 解开（尤指鞋）的带子; 解开带子以放开或松开（某物）.

unladen
[7Qn'leidn; Qn'ledn] adj not loaded 未装载的:,unladen `weight, ie the weight of a vehicle with nothing loaded into or onto it 无载重, 空车重（未装货的车的重量）.

unlawful
[7Qn'lC:fl; Qn'lCfEl] adj (fml 文) against the law; illegal 不合法的; 非法的: * unlawful assembly 非法集会 * a verdict of unlawful killing 做出的不合法杀害的裁决. > unlawfully[-fEli; -fEli] adv.

unlearn
[7Qn'lE:n; Qn'lEn] v [Tn] cause (sth) to be no longer in one's knowledge or memory 从观念或记忆中清除（某事物）: * You must start by unlearning all the bad habits your previous piano teacher taught you! 你得先改掉以前钢琴老师教给你的一切坏习惯!

unleash
[Qn'li:F; Qn'liF] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (against/on sb/sth) (a) set sth free from a leash or restraint 解开带子或去掉限制以放开（某事物）: * unleash the guard dogs 解开带子放出警卫犬. (b) (fig 比喻) set sth free from control; release sth in a powerful attack (on sb/sth) 使某物不受控制; 放出某物对（某人[某物]）进行强有力的攻击: * unleash the forces of nuclear power 发出核动力的攻击力 * He unleashed a torrent of abuse againstthe unfortunate shop assistant. 他对那倒霉的店员骂不绝口.

unleavened
[7Qn'levnd; Qn'levEnd] adj (of bread) madewithout yeast or other raising agent （指面包）未使用酵母或其他发酵剂的, 未经发酵的.

unless
[En'les; En'les] conj if...not; except if or except when 如果不; 除非; 除非在...的时候: * You'll fail in French unless you work harder. 你要是不再加把劲儿, 法语就考不及格了. * Unless England improve their game they're going to lose the match. 英格兰队如果不改进打法, 就会输掉这场比赛. * I wouldn't be saying this unless I were sure of the facts. 要是我对这些事情没有把握, 我就不说这话了. * Come at 8 o'clock unless I phone, eg to tell you a different time. 请8点钟来, 如果我不打电话 的话. * I sleep with the window open unless it`s really cold. 我总是开着窗户睡觉, 除非天气非常冷才关上窗户. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Unless and if...not can often be used in the same way *unless和if...not的用法常常是相同的: Follow the green signs unless you have goods to declare/if you haven't any goods to declare. 未携须申报货物者, 沿绿色标记通行. Unless cannot be used when referring to the result of something not happening and is, therefore, not used in `imaginary' conditional sentences *unless不可用以指尚未发生的事情之结果, 因而不可用於‘假想的’条件句中: We would have had a lovely holiday if it hadn't rained (NOT unless it had rained) every day. 要不是天天下雨的话, 我们的假日就过得痛快了. （本句中不可用unless it had rained.） * I'll be sorry if she doesn't come (NOT unless she comes) to the party. 万一她不来参加聚会, 我就感到太遗憾了. （本句中不可用unless she comes.） Unless(not if...not) is often used to introduce an afterthought,ie something added to the main statement *unless（并非if...not）常用以引导出补充前言的话, 即是对刚说过的话想到要加些补充: She hasn't got any hobbies unless you call watching TV a hobby. 她没有任何嗜好--除非把看电视也算作嗜好的话. * Have a cup of tea unless you'd prefer a cold drink. 喝一杯茶吧--除非你想喝冷饮.

unlettered
[7Qn'letEd; Qn'letld] adj (fml 文) unable to read; uneducated 文盲的; 未受教育的; 没有文化的. Cf 参看 illiterate.

unlike
[Qn'laik; Qn'laik] adj [pred 作表语] dissimilar; different 不相似; 不同: * They are so unlike nobody would believe they were sisters. 她们毫无相似之处, 谁也不相信她们是姐妹. 派生： unlike prep 1 different from (sth); not like 与（某事物）不同; 不像...: Her latest novel is quite unlike her earlier work. 她最近的小说与她以前的作品截然不同. * The scenery was unlike anything I'd seen before. 这风景跟我过去见到过的都不一样. * Their celebrations at Christmas are not unlike our own. 他们的圣诞节庆祝活动跟我们自己的并无不同. 2 uncharacteristic of (sb/sth)无（某人[某事物]）的特性: It's very unlike him to be so abrupt. 他这麽粗鲁可不像他平时的样子. 3 in contrast to (sb) 与（某人）相反: Unlike me, my husband likes to stay in bed. 我丈夫与我相反, 喜欢睡懒觉. * I was very interested in the lecture, unlike many of the students. 我跟许多同学不同, 我很喜欢听这个课. * He managed to finish the race, unlike more than half of the competitors. 他在比赛中坚持跑完了全程, 不像大部分选手那样半途而废.

unlikely
[Qn'laikli; Qn'laikli] adj (-ier, -iest) (a) not likely or expected to happen 不大可能发生的; 未必会发生的: * It is unlikely to rain/that it will rain. 不太可能下雨. * There is unlikely to be rain. 不太可能有雨. * His condition is unlikely to improve. 他的境况不大可能好转. * In the unlikely event of a strike, production would be badly affected. 罢工未必能发生, 若一旦发生, 生产势必受到严重影响. (b) [attrib 作定语] not likely to be true; improbable 不大可能是真实的; 不大可能的: * an unlikely tale, excuse, explanation, etc 不太像真实的说法、 托词、 解释等. (c) not expected to succeed 未必会成功的: * the most unlikely candidate 最不大可能当选的候选人 * an unlikely couple, ie two people who do not seem to be well suited to each other 不大般配的二人.

unlimited
[7Qn'limitid; Qn'limitid] adj not limited; very great in number or quantity 无限的; （数或量）极大的: * If only one had an unlimited supply of money! 要是财源不断就好了!

unlined
[7Qn'laind; Qn'laind] adj 1 without a lining 无衬里的: * a ,cheap ,unlined `coat 无衬里的廉价大衣 * Thebox was rough and unlined. 这个盒子很粗糙又没有衬里.2 not marked with lines 无线条的; 无皱纹的: * ,unlined `paper 无条格的纸 * a ,smooth ,unlined com`plexion 光滑而无皱纹的面部皮肤.

unlisted
[7Qn'listid; Qn'listid] adj (a) not in a published list (esp of Stock Exchange prices) 未列表公布的（尤指证券价格）; （证券）不上市的, 未上市的: * an unlisted company 未上市的公司. (b) (US) = ex-directory: * He/His number is unlisted. 他[他的电话号码]未列入电话簿.

unload
[7Qn'lEud; Qn'lod] v 1 (a) [I, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) remove a load from (sth); remove (a load) from sth 从（某物）上卸下货物; 从某物上卸下（货物）: * Dockers started unloading (the ship). 码头工人开始卸船. * unload shopping from a car 从汽车上卸下采购的物品. (b) [Tn] remove the charge from (a gun, etc) or the film from (a camera) 从（枪、 炮等）中退出弹药; 从（照相机）中取出胶卷. 2 [I, Tn] (of vehicles, vessels etc) have (a load) removed （指车辆、 船舶等）卸下（负载）: * Lorries may only park here when loading or unloading. 卡车非装卸货物时不得在此停车. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (on/onto sb) (infml 口) pass sb/sth unwanted (to sb else); get rid of sb/sth 把不想要的某人[某物]交给（他人）; 摆脱某人[某事物]: * Do you mind if I unload the children onto you this afternoon? 今天下午我把孩子托付给你, 你不介意吧? Cf 参看 off-load.

unlock
[7Qn'lCk; Qn'lak] v [Tn] 1 unfasten the lock of (a door, etc) using a key （用钥匙）开（门等）的锁: * unlock the gate 打开大门的锁. 2 release (sth) by, or as if by, unlocking 开锁或似开锁般释放（某事物）: * exploration to unlock the secrets of the ocean bed 揭开大洋底部秘密的探险.

unlooked
for

unloose
[7Qn'lu:s; Qn'lus] (also unloosen/Qn'lu:sn; Qn'lusEn] ) v [Tn] make (sth) loose; untie 放松, 放开（某物）; 解开: * unloose the rope around one's waist 解开系在腰上的绳子 * He unloosened his collar. 他把领口敞开了. =>Usage at loose1 用法见loose1.

unlucky
[Qn'lQki; Qn'lQki] adj not lucky; having or bringing bad luck; unfortunate 不幸的; 倒霉的; 运气不好的: * I always seem to be unlucky at cards. 我玩纸牌似乎总是手气不好. * He was unlucky enough to lose his keys. 他把钥匙丢了, 真够倒霉的. * The number thirteen is often considered unlucky. 十叁这个数字常常认为是个不吉利的数字. * an unlucky attempt, ie one that did not succeed 一次运气不佳的尝试（未成功）. 派生： unluckily adv unfortunately 不幸地; 不吉利地; 遗憾地: Unluckily (for Peter) he did not get the job. （彼得）他可真不走运, 没能获得那份工作.

unmade
[7Qn'meid; Qn'med] adj (of a bed) with the bedclothes not neatly arranged for sleeping in （指床）未铺好的: * She rushed off to work leaving her bed unmade. 她匆忙去上班连床都没铺好.

unman
[7Qn'mAn; Qn'mAn] v (-nn-) [Tn] (arch or rhet古或修辞) weaken the self-control or courage of (a man)削弱（某男子）的自制力或勇气: * Unmanned by grief he broke down and wept. 他悲伤得不像个男子汉不禁哭了起来.

unmanly
[Qn'mAnli; Qn'mAnli] adj (of behaviour) uncharacteristic of or inappropriate for men （指行为）无男子特性的, 不适於男子的: * It was once thought unmanly not to drink and smoke. 身为男子不抽烟不喝酒曾视为无男子气概.

unmanned
1 pt, pp of unman.

unmannerly
[Qn'mAnEli; Qn'mAnlli] adj (fml derog 文, 贬) without good manners; ill-mannered 没有礼貌的; 粗野的: * unmannnerly conduct 无礼的行为.

unmarried
[7Qn'mArid; Qn'mArid] adj not married; single 未婚的; 独身的: * an ,unmarried `mother, `couple 未婚的母亲、 一对情侣.

unmask
[7Qn'ma:sk; - -'mAsk; Qn'mAsk] v 1 [I, Tn]remove a mask from (sb) 除去（某人）的面具: * The revellersunmasked (ie took off their masks) at midnight. 狂欢的人在午夜摘下了面具. 2 [Tn] reveal the true character of (sb/sth); expose 使（某人[某事物]）露出真相; 揭露; 暴露: * unmask the culprit 揭露罪犯的真面目 * unmask a plot 揭露阴谋.

unmatched
[7Qn'mAtFt; Qn'mAtFt] adj that cannot be matched; without an equal; matchless 不相配的; 无双的; 无比的: * an achievement that remains unmatched to this day 迄今无可匹敌的成就.

unmentionable
[Qn'menFEnEbl; Qn'menFEnEbl] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] too shocking or embarrassing to be mentioned or spoken about 说不出口的, 不堪提起的（因说出来会令人震惊或难堪）: * an unmentionable disease, eg venereal disease 难以明说的疾病（如性病）. 派生： unmentionables n [pl] (arch euph or joc 古, 婉或谑) unmentionable people or things (esp underwear) 不宜提到的人或事物; （尤指）内衣.

unmindful
[Qn'maindfl; Qn'maindfEl] adj [pred 作表语] ~ of sb/sth (fml 文) not considering sb/sth; forgetting sb/sth 对某人[某事物]不加考虑或不理会: * He worked on, unmindful of the time. 他一直工作, 没理会时间.

unmistakable
[7Qnmi'steikEbl; 7QnmE'stekEbl] adj clearlyrecognizable or obvious; impossible to mistake for sb/sth else 明显的; 明白无误的; 不会弄错的: * the unmistakable sound of an approaching train 清清楚楚的火车驶近的声音. > unmistakably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv.

unmitigated
[Qn'mitigeitid; Qn'mitE7getid] adj [usu attrib通常作定语] (of sth/sb bad) having no accompanying advantages whatever; complete; absolute （指坏事物[坏人]）一无是处的, 十足的, 绝对的: * an unmitigated disaster, scoundrel 十足的灾难、 坏蛋.

unmoved
[7Qn'mu:vd; Qn'muvd] adj [pred 作表语] not affected by feelings of pity, sympathy, etc 不为怜悯、 同情等感情所打动; 不受感动: * It's impossible to remain unmoved by the reports of the famine. 了解到报道的 荒情况不可能无动於衷.

unnatural
[Qn'nAtFrEl; Qn'nAtFrEl] adj 1 not natural or normal; differing from what is the usual or expected 不自然的; 不正常的; 反常的; 出乎意料的: * His face turned an unnatural shade of purple. 他气得脸色发紫, 十分难看. * It was unnatural for the room to be so tidy. 房间竟然这样整洁, 真出乎所料. 2 (derog 贬) (a) contrary to usual and generally accepted behaviour 行为反常而不合情理的: * unnatural sexual desires 变态的性欲. (b) extremely cruel or wicked 极残酷的; 极邪恶的: * the unnatural murder of his own father （他）丧尽天良的弑父. 3 not sincere; affected or forced 虚假的; 做作的; 勉强的: * an unnatural high-pitched laugh 装出的尖声大笑. > unnaturally[-rEli; -rEli] adv: * Not unnaturally, she was greatly upset by her father's sudden death. 她父亲突然去世她悲痛不已, 这也是人之常情. * an unnaturally jovial manner 强颜欢笑.

unnecessary
[Qn'nesEsri; - -seri; Qn'nesE7seri] adj (a) [usu pred 通常作表语] not necessary or desirable; superfluous 不需要; 不必要; 多馀: * It's unnecessary to cooka big meal tonight. 今晚不必做很多饭. (b) [usu attrib通常作定语] more than necessary; excessive 超过需要的; 过度的: * unnecessary expense 多馀的开销. (c) (of remarks, etc) not required in a situation and likely to be offensive; gratuitous （指言语等）无必要而可能得罪人的, 没来由的: * an unnecessary reference to his criminal past 何必提到他的前科. > unnecessarily/ 9Qn5nesEsrElI; ?@ 9Qn9nesE5serElI; 9QnnZsE`sZrElI] adv.

unnerve
[7Qn'nE:v; Qn'nEv] v [Tn] cause (sb) to lose self-control, confidence or courage 使（某人）失去自制力、 信心或勇气: * His encounter with the guard dog had completely unnerved him. 他遇上了警卫犬, 把他吓坏了. > unnerving adj: * She found the whole interview rather unnerving. 她觉得整个面试都让人气馁.

unnoticed
[7Qn'nEutist; Qn'notist] adj [usu pred 通常作表语] not observed or noticed 未被察觉到; 未被注意到: * The event passed unnoticed. 那件事谁也没注意到. * I can't let this act of kindness go unnoticed. 我不能让这种好人好事湮没无闻.

unnumbered
[7Qn'nQmbEd; Qn'nQmbld] adj 1 having no number(s) 无号数的; 未编号的: * unnumbered tickets/seats, eg at a concert hall or theatre 不对号的票[座位]（如音乐会或戏院的）. 2 (arch or rhet 古或修辞) more than can be counted; countless 不可胜数的; 数不清的; 无数的: * the unnumbered stars 繁星.

UNO
[5ju:nEu; 5juno] abbr 缩写 = United Nations Organization 联合国组织.

unobtrusive
[7QnEb'tru:siv; 7QnEb'trusiv] adj (usuapprov 通常作褒义) not too obvious or easily noticeable; not drawing attention to itself or himself; discreet 不太显着的; 不引人注目的; 不招摇的; 谨慎的: * an unobtrusive but pleasing design 悦目而不扎眼的图案 * He was so quiet and unobtrusive that you would hardly know he was there! 他很文静, 简直注意不到他在那儿! > unobtrusively adv: * She slipped away from the party unobtrusively. 她从聚会上悄悄地溜走了.

unoccupied
[7Qn'Ckjupaid; Qn'akjE7paid] adj 1 not occupied; empty; vacant 未被占用的; 空的; 无人住的: * find an unoccupied table 找一张无人占用的桌子 * The house had been left unoccupied for several years. 这所房子已经几年无人居住了. 2 (of a region or country) not under the control of foreign troops （指地区或国家）未被敌军占领的, 未沦陷的: * unoccupied territory 未沦陷的领土. 3 not busy; idle 不忙碌的; 空闲的: * in one of her rare unoccupied moments 在她难得的一段空闲时间.

unofficial
[7QnE'fiFl; 7QnE'fiFEl] adj not official 非官方的; 非正式的: * an ,unofficial `strike, ie one not authorizedby the union 非正式的罢工（未经工会认可的） * an,unofficial `statement, ie one not authorized for release to the public 非官方的声明（未经批准而向公众发布的声明） * ,unofficial `news, ie not confirmed by official sources or authorities 非官方新闻（未经官方证实的）. > unofficially[-FEli; -FEli] adv.

unorthodox
[7Qn'C:WEdCks; Qn'CrWE7daks] adj not in accordance with what is orthodox, conventional or traditional 非正统的; 非正规的; 非传统的: * unorthodoxbeliefs, opinions, etc 非正统的信仰、 见解等 * unorthodoxteaching methods 非传统的教学法 * She has an unorthodox technique, but is an excellent player. 她不是科班出身, 但却身手不凡. Cf 参看 heterodox.

unpack
[7Qn'pAk; Qn'pAk] v (a) [I, Tn] take packed things out of (sth) 由（某物）中取出所包装之物; 打开（包装）取出某物: * Let's unpack before we go to bed. 咱们打开行李再睡觉吧. * a half-unpacked suitcase 已取出一半衣物的手提箱. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) take out (things packed) 取出（包装之物）: * unpack the books from the box 从箱子里把书拿出来.

unpaid
[7Qn'peid; Qn'ped] adj 1 (a) not yet paid 未支付的; 未缴纳的: * an ,unpaid `bill/`debt 未付讫的帐单[未偿还的债款]. (b) ~ for not paid for 未付款的; 未清帐的: * The car is three years old and still unpaid for. 这汽车用了叁年还没付购车款呢. 2 (a) (of people) not receiving payment for work done （指人）不得到报酬的, 无偿工作的: * an ,unpaid `baby-sitter 无报酬的临时保姆. (b) (of work) done without payment to the worker(s) （指工作）无报酬的, 无偿的: * ,unpaid `labour 无偿的劳动.

unpalatable
[Qn'pAlEtEbl; Qn'pAlEtEbl] adj (fml 文) 1 not palatable; unpleasant to taste 不好吃的; 不可口的; 味道不好的: * The fish was particularly unpalatable. 这鱼特别难吃. 2 (fig 比喻) unpleasant or unacceptable to the mind 使人不快的; 无法认同的: * His views on capital punishment are unpalatable to many. 他对死刑存废的见解许多人都不以为然. > unpalatably[-Ebli;-Ebli] adv.

unparalleled
[Qn'pArEleld; Qn'pArE7leld] adj having no parallel or equal; unmatched 无比的; 无双的; 无匹的: * an economic crisis unparalleled in modern times 现代无两的经济危机.

unparliamentary
[7Qn7pa:lE'mentri; 7QnparlE'mentri] adj (derog 贬) contrary to the accepted rules of behaviourin Parliament (because abusive or disorderly) 违反议会行为准则的（因出言不逊或扰乱秩序）: * unparliamentary language, conduct 违反议会惯例的语言、 行为.

unpick
[7Qn'pik; Qn'pik] v (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) take out (the stitches) 拆开（缝线）: * unpick the stitches from a curtain 拆开窗 的缝线. (b) [Tn] take out the stitches from (sth) 拆去（某物）的缝线: * unpick a hem, seam, etc 拆去布边、 接缝处等的缝线.

unplaced
[7Qn'pleist; Qn'plest] adj not one of the first three to finish in a race or contest （比赛）未获前叁名的.

unplayable
[7Qn'pleiEbl; Qn'pleEbl] adj 1 (in games, of a ball) that cannot be played （比赛等, 指球）无法打的. 2 (of ground) not fit to be played on （指场地）不适宜比赛的. 3 (of music) too difficult to be played （指音乐）难以演奏的.

unpleasant
[Qn'pleznt; Qn'pleznt] adj not pleasant; disagreeable 使人不愉快的; 不合意的: * unpleasant smells,weather 讨厌的气味、 天气 * an unpleasant surprise 使人 不愉快的意外事 * I found his manner extremely unpleasant.我觉得他的态度讨厌极了. 派生： unpleasantly adv. unpleasantness n [C, U] (instance of) bad feeling or quarrelling between people 恶感; 争执; 不和: I want to avoid any unpleasantness with the neighbours. 我要避免与邻居有任何不快.

unplug
[7Qn'plQg; Qn'plQg] v (-gg-) [Tn] 1 disconnect (an electrical appliance) by removing its plug from the socket 拔出（电器）的电源插头: * Please unplug the TV before you go to bed. 临睡前请拔下电视机的插头. 2 remove an obstruction from (sth) 除去（某物）的障碍物: * The drain is blocked and needs unplugging. 排水管堵塞了, 得疏通一下.

unpopular
[7Qn'pCpjulE(r); Qn'papjEll] adj ~ (with sb) not popular; not liked or enjoyed by a person, a group or people in general 不得人心的; 不受欢迎的:an unpopular decision 不得人心的决议 * She's rather unpopular with her boss at the moment. 老板现在不太待见她. > unpopularity[7Qn7pCpju'lArEti; Qn7papjE'lArEti] n [U].

unpractised
[Qn'prAktist; Qn'prAktist] adj having little experience; inexpert; unskilled 无经验的; 不内行的; 不熟练的.

unprecedented
[Qn'presidentid; Qn'presE7dentid] adj without precedent; never having happened, been done or been known before 无前例的; 前所未有的; 空前的: * unprecedented levels of unemployment 失业率达到的前所未有的严重程度 * a situation unprecedented in the history of the school 该校自有校史以来未曾出现过的情况.

unpredictable
[7Qnpri5diktEbl; 7Qnpri5diktEbl] adj (a) that cannot be predicted 无法预料的; 不可预知的: * an unpredictable result 难以预料的结果. (b) (of a person) whose behaviour cannot be predicted; changeable; unstable（指人）行为难以预知的, 易变的, 不稳定的: * You never know how she'll react: * she's so unpredictable. 谁也不知道她反应如何, 她这个人反覆无常.

unprejudiced
[7Qn'predVudist; Qn'predVEdist] adj free from prejudice; not biased 无偏见的; 无成见的; 公正的.

unpremeditated
[7Qnpri:'mediteitid; 7Qnpri5medE7tetid] adj not previously and deliberately considered or planned; spontaneous 未经事先慎重考虑或计画的; 自发的: * an unpremeditated attack 非预谋的攻击.

unprepossessing
[7Qn7pri:pE'zesiN; 7QnpripE'zesiN] adj (fml 文) not attractive or appealing in appearance（外表）不吸引人的, 不讨人喜欢的: * Though unprepossessingto look at he is highly intelligent. 他虽然相貌平平, 但却很有才气.

unpretentious
[7Qnpri5tenFEs; 7Qnpri5tenFEs] adj (approv褒) not showy or pompous; modest 不炫耀的; 不夸大的; 谦逊的: * an unpretentious little book but one that tells a simple story well 把一个简单的故事讲得很生动的 实无华的书.

unprincipled
[Qn'prinsEpld; Qn'prinsEpld] adj (fml 文) without moral principles; unscrupulous; dishonest 不道德的; 肆无忌惮的; 不诚实的: * unprincipled behaviour 不道德的行为 * an unprincipled rogue 无耻的恶棍.

unprintable
[Qn'printEbl; Qn'printEbl] adj (of words, articles, etc) too offensive or indecent to be printed （指词语、 文章等）（因有攻击性或下流）不宜印出的: * I'm afraid that my views on their private life are unprintable! 我自忖我对他们私生活的看法不印出也罢!

unprofessional
[7QnprE'feFEnl; 7QnprE'feFEnl] adj (derog贬) 1 (esp of conduct) contrary to the standards expected in a particular profession （尤指行为）违反职业准则的: * The board considers your behaviour highly unprofessional. 董事会认为你的行为严重违反职业道德. 2 (of a piece of work, etc) not done with the skill or care of a trained professional （指一件工作等）未按专业水平做的: * He made a very unprofessional job of putting up the garden shed for us. 他给我们搭的花园棚屋很没水平. > unprofessionally[-FEnEli; -FEnli] adv.

unprompted
[7Qn'prCmptid; Qn'pramptid] adj (of an answer or action) not said or done, etc as the result of a hint, suggestion, etc; spontaneous （指回答或行动）未经提示做出的, 自发的: * an unprompted offer of help 主动的提出帮助.

unpronounceable
[7QnprE'naunsEbl; 7QnprE'naunsEbl] adj (of a word, esp a name) too difficult to pronounce （指字, 尤指名字）难得发不成音的.

unprovided
[7QnprE'vaidid; 7QnprE'vaidid] adj (fml 文) ~ for without provision having been made for 无供给的; 无生活来源的: * The widow was left unprovided for, ie No money, etc had been left for her on her husband's death. 她成了寡妇而失去了生计.

unprovoked
[7QnprE'vEukt; 7QnprE'vokt] adj (esp of verbal or physical violence) without provocation; not caused by previous action （尤指暴力言行）未受招惹而自发的, 无缘无故的: * ,unprovoked ag`gression/at`tacks 无端的侵犯[攻击].

unpunished
[7Qn'pQniFt; Qn'pQniFt] adj [pred 作表语] not punished 未受惩罚: * Such a serious crime must not go unpunished. 这种严重罪行不可不受惩罚.

unputdownable
[7Qnput'daunEbl; 7Qnput'daunEbl] adj(infml 口) (of a book, etc) so interesting or absorbing that the reader is reluctant to stop reading until he has finished it （指书等）爱不忍释的, 不忍释手的.

unqualified
[Qn'kwClifaid; Qn'kwalE7faid] adj 1 (a) ~ (as sth/for sth/to do sth) without legal or official qualifications for doing sth 无资格的; 不合格的: * an unqualified instructor 不合格的教师 * unqualified as a teacher/for teaching 无资格当教师[任教]. (b) [pred 作表语] ~ to do sth (infml 口) not competent or knowledgeable enough to do sth 不能胜任; 学识不够: * I feel unqualified to speak on the subject. 我自觉无资格就此问题发言. 2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] not limited or restricted; absolute 无限制的; 无束缚的; 绝对的: * unqualified praise 称赞不已 * an unqualified success 完全的胜利.

unquestionable
[Qn'kwestFEnEbl; Qn'kwestFEnEbl] adj beyond doubt; certain; indisputable 无疑的; 确实的; 无可争辩的: * His honesty is unquestionable. 他很诚实, 这是毫无疑问的. > unquestionably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv.

unquestioned
[Qn'kwestFEnd; Qn'kwestFEnd] adj notdisputed or doubted 无争议的; 不容置疑的: * an unquestionedfact 无可怀疑的事实 * Her authority is unquestioned. 她的权威是公认的.

unquestioning
[Qn'kwestFEniN; Qn'kwestFEniN] adj done,etc without asking questions, expressing doubt, etc 不提出疑问的; 不表示怀疑的; 无异议的: * He demands unquestioning obedience from his followers. 他要求追随者对他绝对服从. > unquestioningly adv.

unquiet
[Qn'kwaiEt; Qn'kwaiEt] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (fml 文) restless; uneasy; disturbed 不安的; 不宁的; 烦扰的: * all the signs of an unquiet mind 心烦意乱的表现.

unquote
[Qn'kwEut; Qn'kwot] n (idm 习语) quote (...unquote) =>quote n.

unravel
[Qn'rAvl; Qn'rAvl] v (-ll-; US -l-) [I, Tn] 1 (cause sth woven, knotted or tangled to) separate into strands （使编织、 编结或纠结之物）解开, 拆开: * My knitting has unravelled. 我编织的东西散开了. * unravel a cardigan, a ball of string 把对襟毛衣、 一团细绳拆开. Cf 参看 ravel. 2 (fig 比喻) (cause sth to) becomeclear or solved （使某事物）变清楚或获解决: * The mysteryunravels slowly. 那件神秘的事渐渐明朗了. * unravel a plot, puzzle, etc 揭露阴谋、 解决难题.

unread
[7Qn'red; Qn'red] adj 1 (of a book) that has not been read （指书）未经阅读的, 尚未审阅的: * a pile of,unread `novels 一堆未看过的小说. 2 (of a person) not having read many books, etc （指人）读书不多的, 不学无术的: * She knows so much that she makes me feel very unread. 她懂的事情很多, 相形之下我觉得自己很无知.

unreadable
[7Qn'ri:dEbl; Qn'ridEbl] adj 1 (derog 贬) too dull or too difficult to be worth reading （因枯燥或艰涩）不值一读的. 2 = illegible.

unreal
[7Qn'riEl; Qn'riEl] adj (of an experience) not seeming real; imaginary; illusory （指经历）不真实的, 想像的, 虚幻的: * The whole evening seemed strangely unreal. 整个晚上的事似乎如梦幻般令人生奇. > unreality/ 9QnrI5AlEtI; 9QnrI`AlEtI/ n [U].

unreasonable
[Qn'ri:znEbl; Qn'riznEbl] adj 1 (of people) not reasonable in attitude, etc （指人）不讲道理的. 2 going beyond the limits of what is reasonable or just; excessive 超越情理的; 不合理的; 过分的: * make unreasonable demands on sb 对某人提出无理的要求. > unreasonably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv.

unreasoning
[Qn'ri:zEniN; Qn'rizniN] adj (fml 文) (of a person or of attitudes, beliefs, etc) not using or guided by reason （指人或指态度、 信仰等）不凭理智的, 无理性的: * an unreasoning fear of foreigners 对外国人无缘由的恐惧.

unreel
[7Qn'ri:l; Qn'ril] v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) unwind from a reel （使某物）（从卷轴中）转开, 展开: * Unreel the hose fully before use. 把水龙完全展开再使用.

unrelenting
[7Qnri5lentiN; 7Qnri5lentiN] adv (a) not reducing in intensity, etc; continuous; relentless （强度等）未降低的; 持续的; 不间断的: * unrelenting pressure 持续的压力. (b) (of a person) merciless; unwilling to relent（指人）冷酷的, 不愿宽容的: * a cruel and unrelenting master 残酷无情的主人. > unrelentingly adv: * The rain continued unrelentingly. 雨一个劲儿地下个不停.

unremitting
[7Qnri5mitiN; 7Qnri5mitiN] adj never relaxingor ceasing; incessant; persistent 不放松的; 不停止的; 不间断的; 坚持的: * unremitting care, boredom, drudgery 无休止的操心、 厌倦感、 繁重工作.

unrepeatable
[7Qnri5pi:tEbl; 7Qnri5pitEbl] adj 1 that cannot be repeated or done again 不可重复的; 不可再做的: * unrepeatable bargains/offers, ie at specially low prices 仅此一次的大减价. 2 too indecent or offensive to be said again （因下流或有攻击性）不宜重述说出的: * His remarks were quite shocking unrepeatable, in fact. 他说的话太让人难堪--真无法再说出口.

unrequited
[7Qnri5kwaitid; 7Qnri5kwaitid] adj (fml 文) (esp of love) not returned or rewarded （尤指爱情）得不到回应或报答的: * unrequited passion 单相思.

unreserved
[7Qnri5zE:vd; 7Qnri5zEvd] adj 1 (of seats, etc) not reserved for or allocated to a particular personin advance （指座位等）未被预订的, 未保留的: * We alwayskeep a few unreserved tables. 我们总留几张桌子不预订出去. 2 (fml 文) without any holding back; complete 无保留的; 完全的: * Do I have your unreserved attention? 你是完全听着我说话呢吗? 派生： unreservedly[7Qnri5zE:vidli; 7Qnri5zEvidli] adv without reservation or restriction; openly 无保留地; 无限制地; 公开地: * apologize unreservedly 坦诚地道歉.

unrest
[7Qn'rest; Qn'rest] n [U] (state of) restlessness or dissatisfaction; disturbance 不安; 不满意; 动汤: * civil/industrial/political/social unrest 国内的[工业的/政治的/社会的]动乱.

unrestrained
[7Qnri5streind; 7Qnri5strend] adj not restrained; not held back or controlled; unchecked 不受抑制的; 无拘束的; 不受控制的; 未加制止的: * unrestrainedanger, temper, violence, etc 未受控制的愤怒、 脾气、 暴力等 * the unrestrained use of military force 对军队的滥用.

unripe
[7Qn'raip; Qn'raip] adj not yet ripe 未成熟的:,unripe ba`nanas 未熟的香蕉.

unrivalled
(US unrivaled)[Qn'raivld; Qn'raivld] adj ~ (in sth) having no rival; unequalled 无对手的; 无双的: * have an unrivalled reputation 无与伦比的声誉 * unrivalled in courage 英勇无比.

unroll
[7Qn'rEul; Qn'rol] v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) open out from a rolled position by rolling （使某物）（由卷曲状态）展开: * unroll a carpet, map, sleeping-bag 把卷着的地毯、 地图、 睡袋展开. Cf 参看 roll2 3.

unruffled
[7Qn'rQfld; Qn'rQfld] adj not upset or agitated; imperturbable 平静的; 镇定的; 沉着的: * She spoke with unruffled calm. 她从容不迫地讲话. * He remained unruffled by the charges. 他受到这些指控仍处之泰然.

unruly
[Qn'ru:li; Qn'ruli] adj not easy to control or discipline; disorderly 不易控制或管教的; 不守规矩的: * unruly behaviour 不守规矩的行为 * an unruly mob, crowd, demonstration, etc 难以控制的暴民、 群众、 示威集会等 * (fig 比喻) unruly hair, ie hard to manage 难以梳理的乱发. > unruliness n [U].

UNRWA
[5QnrE; 5QnrE] abbr 缩写 = United Nations Relief and Works Agency 联合国难民救济及工程处.

unsaid
[7Qn'sed; Qn'sed] adj (fml 文) 1 [pred 作表语] not expressed; unspoken 未表达; 未说出: * Some things are better left unsaid. 有些事情还是不说出来为好. 2 pt, pp of unsay.

unsaturated
[Qn'sAtFEreitid; Qn'sAtFE7retid] adj 1 not saturated 未浸透的; 未充满的. 2 (chemistry 化) (esp of an organic compound) that can combine with hydrogen, to form a third substance by the joining of molecules （尤指有机化合物）不饱和的, 未饱和的. Cf 参看 polyunsaturated.

unsavoury
(US unsavory)[7Qn'seivEri; Qn'sevEri] adj 1 unpleasant to the taste or smell; disgusting 味道不好的; 气味难闻的; 令人厌恶的: * an unsavoury mixture of cold pasta and curry 难吃的冷的意大利面食和咖喱食品. 2 (fml or joc 文或谑) morally unpleasant or offensive; disreputable （道德上）令人不快或厌恶的; 声名狼藉的: * unsavoury rumours, details, habits 令人厌恶的谣言、 细节、 习惯 * an unsavoury character, reputation 缺德的人、 坏的名声. Cf 参看 savoury.

unsay
[7Qn'sei; Qn'se] v (pt, pp unsaid[-'sed; -'sed] ) [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (fml 文) take back (sth that has been said); retract 取消, 收回（说过的话）; 撤回: * What is said cannot be unsaid. 话已出口, 无法收回.

unscathed
[7Qn'skeiTd; Qn'skeTd] adj [pred 作表语] not injured or hurt; unharmed 未受损伤; 未遭伤害: * The hostages emerged from their ordeal unscathed. 人质经受磨难而平安生还.

unscramble
[7Qn'skrAmbl; Qn'skrAmbl] v [Tn] 1 restore (a scrambled message) to a form that can be understood 将（杂乱的信息）加以整理（以便理解）. 2 (infml 口) restore (sth) to order from a confused state 整理或整顿（某事物）: * After a few seconds to unscramble my thoughts, I replied... 我稍微整理了一下思路, 然後回答说....

unscrew
[7Qn'skru:; Qn'skru] v (a) [Tn] loosen (a screw, nut, etc) by turning it; unfasten (sth) by removing screws 旋松（螺丝、 螺母等）; 旋下螺丝以松开（某物）: * unscrew the door-handle 松开门拉手上的螺丝. (b) [I, Tn] (make sth) come undone by twisting （将某物）拧开: * The lid of this jam pot won't unscrew. 这果酱罐的盖子拧不开.

unscripted
[Qn'skriptid; Qn'skriptid] adj (of a speech, broadcast, etc) made without a prepared script （指讲话、 广播等）无讲稿的: * a language course based on natural unscripted dialogues, conversations, etc 以无讲稿的自然对话、 交谈等为基本教学方式的语言课.

unscrupulous
[Qn'skru:pjulEs; Qn'skrupjElEs] adj withoutmoral principles 无道德原则的; 不讲道德的: * unscrupulousmethods, behaviour 不道德的方法、 行为 * He was utterly unscrupulous in his dealings with rival firms. 他与对立公司竞争完全不讲道德. > unscrupulously adv. unscrupulousness n [U].

unseat
[7Qn'si:t; Qn'sit] v [Tn] 1 throw (sb) off a horse, bicycle, etc 使（某人）从马、 自行车等上摔下. 2 remove (sb) from office, esp from a seat in parliament 免除（某人）的职务; （尤指）罢免（议员）: * a move to unseat Labour militants 为罢免工党激进分子而采取的行动.

unseemly
[Qn'si:mli; Qn'simli] adj (fml 文) (of behaviour,etc) not proper or seemly; unbecoming （指行为等）不适当的, 不适宜的, 不得体的: * an unseemly rush to leave work 为赶着下班的喉急相 * make unseemly suggestions 提出不恰当的建议 * His language was most unseemly, ieabusive. 他的话很不得当（出言不逊）. > unseemlinessn [U].

unseen
[Qn'si:n; Qn'sin] adj 1 not seen; invisible 未被看见的; 看不见的: * I slipped from the room unseen, ie unnoticed. 我悄悄地溜出房间, 无人察觉. 2 (of a translation) done without previous preparation （指翻译）事先无准备的. 3 (idm 习语) sight unseen => sight1. 派生： unseen n (Brit) passage for translation from a foreign language into one's own language without previous preparation 不经准备需译成本族语的一段外文: German unseens 需当场翻译的几段德文.

unserviceable
[7Qn'sE:visEbl; Qn'sEvisEbl] adj (abbrs 缩写 US, u/s) (fml or joc 文或谑) that cannot be used because worn out, broken, etc （因破旧、 损坏等）不能使用的: * an unserviceable bicycle, telephone, tin-opener, etc 已不能用的自行车、 电话机、 开罐器等.

unsettle
[7Qn'setl; Qn'setl] v [Tn] (a) disturb the normal calm state of (sth/sb); upset 打扰（某事物[某人]）; 使不安宁: * Our move (ie to another house) unsettled the children. 我们搬家弄得孩子们不得安宁. * Seafood unsettles my stomach. 我一吃海鲜胃就不舒服. (b) make (sb) uneasy or anxious; disturb 使（某人）不安或担忧; 扰乱: * Living alone unsettled his nerves. 他独自生活, 情绪很不稳定. 派生： unsettled adj (a) unstable or upset or disturbed 不稳定的; 不安宁的; 扰乱的: Conditions on the stock-market were unsettled. 证券市场的行情不稳定. * anunsettled stomach 胃部不舒服 * feel unsettled in one's newsurroundings 在新的环境里感到不安. (b) changeable or unpredictable 易变的; 多变的; 无法预料的: unsettled weather 变幻莫测的天气 * Our future plans are still unsettled. 我们将来的计画尚难逆料. (c) (of an argument, etc) open to further discussion （指争论等）需进一步讨论的, 未解决的. (d) (of a bill, etc) unpaid （指帐单等）未付款的.

unshakeable
[Qn'FeikEbl; Qn'FekEbl] adj (of a belief, etc) that cannot be changed; absolutely firm （指信仰等）不可改变的, 坚定不移的: * an unshakeable conviction, resolve, faith, etc 坚定不移的信念、 决心、 信仰等.

unsightly
[Qn'saitli; Qn'saitli] adj not pleasant to look at; ugly 难看的; 不雅观的; 丑陋的: * unsightly facial hair, eg on women 难看的面部汗毛（如女子的） * London's unsightly suburban sprawl 伦敦郊外不雅观的无计画扩展的地区. > unsightliness n [U].

unskilled
[7Qn'skild; Qn'skild] adj not having or requiringspecial skill or training 无特殊技能的; 无需专门训练的: * ,unskilled `workers 无特殊技能的工人 * ,unskilled `labour 非技术性的工人.

unsociable
[Qn'sEuFEbl; Qn'soFEbl] adj disliking the company of others; not sociable 不好交际的; 不合群的. Cf 参看 antisocial.

unsocial
[Qn'sEuFl; Qn'soFEl] adj 1 unsociable 不好交际的; 不合群的. 2 not conforming to standard working times 不符合标准工作时间的: * unsocial hours, eg on night shifts 非正常工作时间（如夜班）.

unsolicited
[7QnsE'lisitid; 7QnsE'lisitid] adj given or sent voluntarily; not asked for 主动提供或送出的; 未经请求的: * ,unsolicited `help, ad`vice, etc 主动给予的帮助、 劝告等 * ,unsolicited `comments, `criticisms, etc 未经徵求而做出的评语、 批评等 * ,unsolicited (junk) `mail, ie usu for advertising purposes 未经索要而寄来的（杂类）邮件（通常为宣传品）.

unsophisticated
[7QnsE'fistikeitid; 7QnsE'fisti7ketid] adj(sometimes derog 有时作贬义) 1 simple and natural 简单而自然的: * unsophisticated tastes, attitudes, looks 简单的爱好、 憨直的态度、 自然的神情 * To the unsophisticated(ie naive) mind of the average viewer... 对於一般观众的单纯心理.... 2 not complex or refined; basic 不复杂的; 不精细的; 基本的: * unsophisticated tools, methods, designs 简单的工具、 方法、 设计.

unsound
[7Qn'saund; Qn'saund] adj 1 in poor condition; weak 不健全的; 情况不佳的; 虚弱的: * The house roof was (structurally) unsound. 这屋顶（结构）不牢固. * His lungs were unsound. 他的肺部不健康. 2 not free from defects or mistakes; flawed 有缺点的; 有错误的; 有缺陷的; 有瑕疵的: * unsound reasoning, judgement, advice 不当的推理、 判断、 劝告 * The findings of the research seem unsound. 研究的结果似乎不确. 3 (idm 习语) of ,unsound `mind (law 律) insane 精神错乱的.

unsparing
[Qn'speEriN; Qn'speriN] adj ~ (in sth) 1giving freely and generously 慷慨的; 大方的: * be unsparingin one's efforts 不遗馀力. 2 severe or merciless 严厉的; 不留情的: * Nijinsky was unsparing in his demands for perfection. 尼任斯基对演技精益求精一丝不苟. 派生： unsparingly adv 1 generously 慷慨地; 大方地: give unsparingly of one's time and money 舍得花时间和金钱. 2 mercilessly 无情地; 残忍地: He drove himself unsparingly. 他强迫自己拚命干.

unspeakable
[Qn'spi:kEbl; Qn'spikEbl] adj (usuderog 通常作贬义) that cannot be expressed in words; indescribable 不能以言语表达的; 难以言传的; 无法形容的: * unspeakable cruelty, behaviour, embarrassment 难以形容的残忍、 行为、 尴尬 * unspeakable joy, delight, etc 说不出的快乐、 喜悦等. > unspeakably[-Ebli;-Ebli] adv: * an unspeakably vile habit 不可言状的坏习惯.

unstable
[7Qn'steibl; Qn'stebl] adj 1 likely to move or fall; not firm 很可能移动或跌落的; 不稳的; 不坚固的: * an unstable load, eg on a lorry 装得不稳的货物（如卡车上的） * an unstable pile of chairs 一堆放得不牢靠的椅子. 2 likely to change suddenly; unpredictable 很可能突然改变的; 难以预料的: * unstable share prices 变化莫测的股票价格 * The political situation is highly unstable.政局动汤得很厉害. 3 mentally or emotionally unbalanced（精神或情绪）不平衡的, 波动的: * His personality is a little unstable. 他这个人有点反覆无常.

unsteady
[7Qn'stedi; Qn'stedi] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 not firm or secure 不坚固的; 不牢靠的; 不稳的: * Six whiskies made him unsteady on his feet. 他喝了六杯威士忌就脚下不稳了. * an unsteady hand, voice 颤抖的手、 声音 * have an unsteady footing on the ladder 在梯子上站得不稳. 2 not uniform or regular 不一贯的; 不一致的; 不规则的: * the candle's unsteady flame 蜡烛的闪烁不定的火焰 * His heartbeat/pulse was unsteady. 他的心跳[脉搏]不规则. > unsteadily[-ili; -ili] adv: * wobble, tilt, rock, sway, etc unsteadily 不稳定地摆动、 倾倒、 摇动、 摇摆等. unsteadiness n [U].

unstinting
[Qn'stintiN; Qn'stintiN] adj ~ (in sth) givingfreely and generously 慷慨的; 大方的: * unstinting generosity,support, praise 无比的慷慨、 大力的支持、 高度的赞扬 * She was unstinting in her efforts to help. 她不遗馀力地提供援助. unstintingly adj.

unstop
[7Qn'stCp; Qn'stap] v (-pp-) [Tn] remove a blockage from (a waste-pipe) 除去（污水管）的障碍: * unstop a sink, toilet, drain, etc 疏通洗涤槽、 抽水马桶、 下水道等.

unstoppable
[Qn'stCpEbl; Qn'stapEbl] adj (esp infml 尤作口语) that cannot be stopped or prevented 无法停止的; 不能防止的: * The Tories in their third term will be unstoppable. 保守党势必接连第叁届执政.

unstuck
[7Qn'stQk; Qn'stQk] adj 1 not stuck or glued on or together; detached 未粘住的; 未附着的; 松开的: * The (flap of the) envelope was unstuck. 信封（的封口）没粘住. 2 (idm 习语) ,come un`stuck (infml 口) be unsuccessful; fail 不成功; 失败: * His plan to escape came badly unstuck. 他想逃走的打算完全吹了.

unstudied
[7Qn'stQdid; Qn'stQdid] adj natural and unaffected 自然而不做作的: * with ,unstudied `elegance, `grace, `charm, etc 以自然的文雅、 优雅、 魅力等.

unsung
[7Qn'sQN; Qn'sQN] adj (fml 文) not celebrated in poetry or song; unrecognized （在诗或歌中）未赞颂的; 未获承认的: * ,unsung `heroes 未受到颂扬的英雄 * His exploits went unsung. 他的英勇行为无人赏识.

unsure
[7Qn'FC:(r); - -'FuEr; Qn'Fur] adj [pred 作表语] 1 ~ (of oneself) having little self-confidence 缺乏自信心: * He's rather unsure of himself. 他对自己没有什麽信心. 2 ~ (about/of sth) not having certain knowledge (about sth) （对某事）不确知, 无把握: * I'm unsure of the facts. 我不能肯定事实是否如此. * We were unsure (about) who was to blame. 我们说不清该责怪谁.

unsuspecting
[7QnsE'spektiN; 7QnsE'spektiN] adj feelingno suspicion; trusting 不坏疑的; 无猜疑的; 可信任的: * The murderer crept up on his unsuspecting victim. 那个杀人凶手悄悄逼近毫无戒备之心的受害者.

unswerving
[Qn'swE:viN; Qn'swEviN] adj ~ (in sth) steady or constant; unchanging 坚定的; 不改变的: * unswerving loyalty, devotion, belief, etc 始终不渝的忠诚、 奉献、 信念等 * He is unswerving in pursuit of his aims. 他坚定地追求自己的目标.

untangle
[7Qn'tANgl; Qn'tANgl] v [Tn, Tn.pr] free (sth) from knots, complexities, etc 解开（某物）的结; 使不再打结、 不再紊乱等: * untangle knitting wool, electric flex 解开缠结的毛线、 电线 * She untangled her hair from the hair-drier. 她把搅在吹风机上的头发松开了. * (fig 比喻) untangle a plot 理出头绪 * I can't untangle these accounts/figures. 我算不清这些帐目[数字].

untapped
[7Qn'tApt; Qn'tApt] adj not yet used or exploited未使用的; 未开发的: * an untapped source of wealth, talent, inspiration 未利用的财源、 聪明才智、 灵感 * draw on untapped reserves of strength 动用未曾用过的後备力量.

untenable
[7Qn'tenEbl; Qn'tenEbl] adj (of a theory, etc) that cannot be defended （指理论等）站不住脚的, 不堪一击的: * untenable arguments, claims, propositions, etc 站不住脚的论据、 要求、 主张等 * the untenable position of the Flat Earth Society ‘地球平面说学会’的不堪一击的立论.

unthinkable
[7Qn'WiNkEbl; Qn'WiNkEbl] adj too unlikely or undesirable to be considered; inconceivable （因绝少可能或极不可取）不必考虑的; 难以想像的; 不可思议的: * It is unthinkable that we should allow a nuclear holocaust to occur. 我们若竟让核武器大屠杀的惨剧发生, 简直是匪夷所思.

unthinking
[7Qn'WiNkiN; Qn'WiNkiN] adj said, done, etc without proper consideration; thoughtless 考虑不周的; 未经思考的: * unthinking remarks, criticisms 失慎的言语、 批评 * Unthinking, he threw his lighted match into the waste-paper basket. 他想也没想就把燃着的火柴扔进了废纸篓里了. > unthinkingly adv.

untidy
[Qn'taidi; Qn'taidi] adj (-ier, -iest) not neat or orderly 不整齐的; 凌乱的: * an untidy desk, kitchen, cupboard, etc 凌乱的书桌、 厨房、 橱柜等 * untidy hair,writing 蓬乱的头发、 潦草的字迹 * He's an untidy worker; he leaves his tools everywhere. 他干活儿毫无条理, 工具随处乱扔. > untidily[-ili; -ili] adv. untidiness n [U].

until
[En'til; En'til] (also till) (till more informal; until usu preferred in initial position *till多用於口语; until通常用於句首) conj up to the time when 直到...时（为止）: * Wait until the rain stops. 等到雨停了再说吧. * Don't leave till I arrive. 我不来你不要离开. * Continue in this direction until you see a sign. 一直朝着这个方向走就看见指示牌了. * Until she spoke I hadn't realized she was foreign. 她要不说话我还一直不知道她是外国人. * I won't stop shouting until you let me go. 你不放我走我就一直喊叫. * No names are being released until (ie before) the relatives have been told. 只有在通知这些人的亲属以後才可透露其姓名. 派生： until (also till) prep (a) up to (a specified time) 直到（某一时刻）: wait until tomorrow 等到明天 * It maylast till Friday. 这可能要延续到星期五. * Nothing happeneduntil (ie before) 5 o'clock. 五点钟以前没有出现任何迹象. * The street is full of traffic from morning till night. 这条街从早到晚行人车辆很多. * Until now I have always lived alone. 我一直独自生活至今. * I'd like to stay here up until Christmas. 我想在这儿呆到圣诞节. (b) up to the time of (a specified event) 直到（发生某事）: The secret was never told until after the old man's death. 这个秘密在老人去世後才说出来. * Don't open it till your birthday. 等到你过生日那天再打开. * She was a bank clerk until the war, when she trained as a nurse. 她战前是个银行职员, 战时受训当了护士.

untimely
[Qn'taimli; Qn'taimli] adj 1 happening at an unsuitable time 不适时的; 不合时宜的: * an untimely arrival, remark, intervention 不合时宜的到达、 言语、 干涉. 2 happening too soon or sooner than normal 过早的; 比正常情况早的: * her untimely death at 25 她25岁时英年早逝. > untimeliness n [U].

untiring
[Qn'taiEriN; Qn'tairiN] adj ~ (in sth) (approv 褒) continuing to work, etc at the same rate without showing tiredness 不知疲倦的; 坚持不懈的: * untiring campaigners for peace 为争取和平不懈努力的人 * She is untiring in her efforts to help the homeless. 她帮助无家可归的人从不言倦. > untiringly adv.

untold
[7Qn'tEuld; Qn'told] adj 1 not told 未说过的; 未叙述过的; 未透露的: * Her secret remains untold to this day. 她的秘密至今仍未透露. 2 [attrib 作定语] (esp derog 尤作贬义) too many or too much to be counted, measured, etc 多得数不清或算不清的; 无数的; 无限的: * ,untold `suffering, `damage, `cruelty 罄竹难书的苦难、 损害、 残忍 * a man of ,untold `wealth 腰缠万贯的男子 *,untold `thousands, `millions, etc, ie of pounds 数不清的以千、 百万等计的（英镑）.

untouchable
[Qn'tQtFEbl; Qn'tQtFEbl] n, adj (in India) (member) of a Hindu social class (caste) whose touch is regarded as defiling to other higher classes （印度的）不可接触的, 不可接触者（种姓制度中最低层的人）.

untoward
[7QntE'wC:d; - Qn'tC:rd; Qn'tCrd] adj (fml 文) inconvenient or unfortunate; awkward 不便的; 不幸的; 造成困难的: * untoward incidents, developments, discoveries 不妙的事情、 变化状况、 发现 * I'll come if nothing untoward happens. 我要是没有特殊情况一定来.

untrammelled
(US also -meled)[Qn'trAmld; Qn'trAmld] adj (fml 文) not hampered 不受阻碍的; 不受束缚的: * a life untrammelled by responsibilities 无责任而一身轻的生活.

untried
[7Qn'traid; Qn'traid] adj not yet tried or tested 未曾尝试的; 未经试验或检验的: * ,untried `products, `systems, `methods 未经检验的产品、 装置、 方法.

untrue
[7Qn'tru:; Qn'tru] adj 1 not true; contrary to fact 不真实的; 违反事实的; 假的. 2 ~ (to sb/sth) (fml 文) not loyal 不忠诚的; 不忠实的: * She was untrue (ie unfaithful) to him. 她对他不忠实.

untruth
[7Qn'tru:W; Qn'truW] n 1 [C] (pl ~s[-'tru:Tz;-'truTz] ) (fml euph 文, 婉) untrue statement; lie 谎言; 假话: * tell patent (ie obvious) untruths 显然说谎. 2 [U] lack of truth 不真实; 虚假. > untruthful/Qn'tru:Wfl; Qn'truWfEl] adj. untruthfully[-fEli; -fEli] adv.

unturned
[7Qn'tE:nd; Qn'tEnd] adj (idm 习语) leave no stone unturned => leave1.

untutored
[7Qn'tju:tEd; - -'tu:-; Qn'tutld] adj (fml or joc 文或谑) untaught or untrained; unsophisticated 未受教导的; 未经训练的; 简单而自然的: * To my untutored ear, your voice sounds almost professional. 照我这外行人听来, 你的嗓音差不多够专业水平了.

unused
1[7Qn'ju:zd; Qn'juzd] adj never having been used 未曾使用过的: * an unused envelope, postage stamp 未用过的信封、 邮票.

unusual
[Qn'ju:Vl; Qn'juVEl] adj 1 rare or exceptional 罕有的; 异乎寻常的: * This bird is an unusual winter visitor to Britain. 这种鸟很少冬季到英国来. * It's unusual for him to refuse a drink. 给他酒他不喝, 这事可新鲜. 2 (esp approv 尤作褒义) remarkable because different; distinctive 独特的; 与众不同的: * The Lloyds building is nothing if not (ie is very) unusual. 劳埃德大楼别具一格. 派生： unusually[-VEli; -VEli] adv exceptionally or extremely异常地; 极端地: * an unusually high rainfall for January 一月份异常高的降雨量 * Unusually for him, he wore a tie. 他系了一条领带, 这可真少见.

unutterable
[Qn'QtErEbl; Qn'QtErEbl] adj [attrib 作定语] (fml 文) too great, intense, etc to be expressed in words （因过大、 过强烈等）无法用言语表达的: * unutterable pain, delight, boredom, relief, etc 不可言状的痛苦、 欢愉、 厌倦、 宽慰等 * He's an unutterable bore. 他这个人讨厌透了. > unutterably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv: * unutterably foolish 愚蠢透顶.

unvarnished
[Qn'va:niFt; Qn'varniFt] adj [attrib 作定语] 1 not varnished 未涂清漆的. 2 (fig 比喻) (of a statement, etc) basic or straightforward （指陈述等）不加修饰的, 基本的, 直率的: * the plain unvarnished truth 直言无隐的实情 * give an unvarnished account of what happened 如实叙述发生的事.

unveil
[7Qn'veil; Qn'vel] v 1 [I, Tn] remove one's veil; remove a veil from (sth/sb) 除去面纱; 揭去（某物[某人]）的面纱或遮盖物. 2 [Tn] (a) remove a cloth, etc from (sth), esp as part of a public ceremony 除去（某物）的幕布等; （尤指）为（某事物）揭幕: * unveil a statue, monument, plaque, portrait, etc 揭去雕像、 纪念碑、 牌匾、 肖像等的幕布. (b) show or announce (sth) publiclyfor the first time 首次公开、 揭露或展示（某事物）: * unveilnew models at the Motor Show 在汽车展览会上首次展出若干新型汽车 * She unveiled her plans for reform. 她首次公开了她的改革计画.

unversed
[7Qn'vE:st; Qn'vEst] adj ~ in sth (fml 文) not experienced or skilled in sth 无经验的; 无技能的; 不熟练的: * foreigners unversed in the British way of life不熟悉英国生活方式的外国人 * unversed in social etiquette 不谙社交礼仪.

unvoiced
[7Qn'vCist; Qn'vCist] adj (of thoughts, etc) not expressed or uttered （指想法等）未表达的, 未说出的: * an ,unvoiced `protest, `doubt, su`spicion 内心的抗议、 疑问、 怀疑.

unwaged
[7Qn'weidVd; Qn'wedVd] adj (Brit euph 婉) having no regular paid employment 无工资收入的; 无固定报酬的: * Unwaged members pay a lower entrance fee. 无固定收入的人入场费从优. > the unwaged n [pl v]: * half-price tickets for the unwaged （无工资收入者用的）半价票.

unwanted
[7Qn'wCntid; Qn'wantid] adj not wanted 不想要的; 无人要的; 不该有的: * an ,unwanted `pregnancy 不希望有的怀孕 * feel unwanted 觉得成为多馀者.

unwarrantable
[Qn'wCrEntEbl; - -'wC:r-; Qn'wCrEntEbl] adj (fml 文) unjustifiable 无正当理由的; 无法证明为正当的: * Their intrusion into our private lives is unwarrantable.他们侵扰我们的私生活是毫无道理的. 派生： unwarranted/Qn'wCrEntid; - -'wC:r-; Qn'wCrEntid] adj unjustified or unauthorized 未证实为正当的; 未经授权的: * unwarranted fears, doubts, misgivings, etc 不合情理的恐惧、 怀疑、 担忧等.

unwary
[Qn'weEri; Qn'weri] adj not cautious or aware of possible danger, etc; not vigilant 无警惕的; 不警觉的: * Pot-holes can be lethal for the unwary cyclist. 路上的坑坑洼洼骑车的人一不小心就有致命危险. > the unwary n [pl v]: * Small print in documents can contain traps for the unwary. 文件中的小号印刷字体可能藏有给粗心人设下的陷阱. unwarily[-ili; -ili] adv. unwariness n [U].

unwholesome
[7Qn'hEulsEm; Qn'holsEm] adj 1 harmful to health or to moral well-being 不卫生的; 有害身心健康的: * an unwholesome climate 有害健康的气候 * unwholesome food 不卫生的食物 * unwholesome reading for a child 对儿童身心健康有害的读物. 2 unhealthy-looking 看上去不健康的: * an unwholesome complexion 不健康的面色.

unwieldy
[Qn'wi:ldi; Qn'wildi] adj awkward to move or control because of its shape, size or weight （因形状、 大小或重量的关系）不便移动或操纵的, 笨拙的, 不灵便的: * long, unwieldy punt poles 长的、 使用不便的撑船篙* (fig 比喻) the unwieldy bureaucracy of centralized government 中央集权政府动转不灵的官僚体制. > unwieldiness n [U].

unwilling
[Qn'wiliN; Qn'wiliN] adj not willing or inclinedto do sth; reluctant 不愿意的; 不情愿的; 勉强的: * unwillingvolunteers, victims, accomplices 迫不得已的志愿者、 牺牲者、 从犯 * my unwilling participation in the scheme 我不得已参加这个计画 * I was unwilling to co-operate without having more information. 我不想在了解不足的情况下参与合作. > unwillingly adv: * agree unwillingly to a request 勉强答应一个要求.

unwind
[7Qn'waind; Qn'waind] v (pt, pp unwound[- 5waUnd; -`waJnd/) 1 [I, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) (cause sth to) become drawn out from a roll, ball, etc （使某物）从卷状或团状等展开; 解开（卷绕之物）: * unwind a ball of string, a reel of thread, a roll of bandage, etc 解开一团细绳、 一卷线、 一卷 带等 * He unwound the scarf from his neck. 他从脖子上解下围巾. 2 [I] (infml 口) relax after a period of work or tension （工作或紧张之後）放松, 松弛: * Reading is a good way to unwind. 阅读是休息的好方式. * After a few drinks, he began to unwind, ie to talk more freely. 他喝了几杯酒, 话就多起来了.

unwise
[7Qn'waiz; Qn'waiz] adj not wise; foolish 不聪明的; 不明智的; 愚蠢的: * an ,unwise de`cision, `move, `step, etc 不智的决定、 行动、 步骤等 * It was unwise (of you) to reject his offer. （你）回绝他的好意, 这事办的可不聪明. > unwisely adv.

unwitting
[Qn'witiN; Qn'witiN] adj [attrib 作定语] (fml 文) 1 not knowing or aware 不知道的; 未察觉的; 未意识到的: * an unwitting carrier of stolen goods 不知就里而携赃物的人. 2 not intentional 无意的; 非故意的; 不知不觉的: * my unwitting interruption of their private conversation我无意中打断他们的私下谈话. > unwittingly adv: * If I offended you it was unwittingly. 要是我冒犯了您, 也是无心之失.

unwonted
[Qn'wEuntid; Qn'wontid] adj (fml 文) not customary or usual 非惯常的; 不寻常的; 异常的; 罕见的: * an unwonted intrusion, interruption 异乎寻常的闯入、 打扰.

unworkable
[7Qn'wE:kEbl; Qn'wEkEbl] adj not practicalor feasible 不实用的; 不可行的; 行不通的: * an unworkableplan, proposal, scheme, etc 不切实际的计画、 建议、 方案等.

unworldly
[7Qn'wE:ldli; Qn'wEldli] adj spiritually-minded; not worldly 着重精神生活的; 非世俗的; 非尘世的; 超凡的: * an unworldly man, outlook, idealism 超凡脱俗的男子、 观点、 理想主义. > unworldliness n [U].

unworthy
[Qn'wE:Ti; Qn'wETi] adj 1 lacking worth or merit 无价值的; 没有优点的: * fighting for an unworthycause 为不值得的事而争斗. 2 ~ (of sth) not deserving不值得的; 不应得的: * trivia unworthy of your attention 不值得您费心的琐事 * I am unworthy of such an honour. 我不配获得这样的荣誉. 3 ~ (of sb/sth) not befitting the character of sb/sth 不适宜的; 不相称的: * conduct unworthy of a decent citizen 正直的公民不应有的行为. > unworthily[-ili; -ili] adv. unworthiness n [U].

unwound
pt, pp of unwind.

unwritten
[7Qn'ritn; Qn'ritn] adj not written down 未写下的; 不成文的. 复合： an ,unwritten `law/`rule law/rule that is based on custom and practice, but is not written down 不成文法[规定].

unyielding
[Qn'ji:ldiN; Qn'jildiN] adj ~ (in sth) not giving way to pressure or influence, etc; firm （在压力和影响下）不弯曲或不让步的; 坚固的: * The mattress was hard and unyielding. 这床垫很硬, 没有弹性. * (fig 比喻) unyielding in her opposition to the plan 她对该计画之坚决反对.

up
end

upbeat
[5Qpbi:t; 5Qp7bit] n (music 音) unaccented beat, esp at the end of a bar, shown by the conductor's baton moving upwards 上拍; 弱拍. Cf 参看 downbeat. 派生： upbeat adj (fig 比喻) optimistic or cheerful 乐观的; 快乐的.

upbraid
[7Qp'breid; Qp'bred] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth) (dated or fml 旧或文) scold or reproach sb 责骂或申责某人: * upbraid sb for wrongdoing, incompetence, etc 申斥某人干了坏事、 不称职等.

upbringing
[5QpbriNiN; 5Qp7briNiN] n (usu sing 通常作单数) treatment and education during childhood 儿童期的教养; 抚育; 养育: * a strict religious upbringing 幼年时严格的宗教教育 * The twins had different upbringings. 这一对孪生儿幼时受的教育不同. * Her country upbringing explains her love of nature. 她是在乡村长大的, 所以非常热爱大自然.

update
[7Qp'deit; Qp'det] v 1 [Tn] bring (sth) up to date; modernize 更新（某事物）; 使现代化: * update a dictionary, file, law 修订词典、 档案、 法律 * update production methods, computer systems 更新生产方法、 计算机设备. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (on sth) give sb the latest information (about sth) 向某人提供最新信息: * I updated the committee on our progress. 我向委员会报告了我们的进展情况. 派生： update[5Qpdeit; 5Qpdet] n act of updating 更新; 现代化; 提供最新信息: * Maps need regular updates. 地图需要经常修订. * an update on the political situation 对政局新的认识.

upgrade
[7Qp'greid; 7Qp'gred] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (to sb/sth) raise sb/sth to a higher grade or rank 提高某人[某事物]的级别或等级: * She was upgraded to (the post of) sales director. 她已提升为销售部主任. * The consulate was upgraded to embassy status. 该领事馆已升格为大使馆. Cf 参看 downgrade. 派生： upgrade[5Qpgreid; 5Qp7gred] n (US) upward slope 向上的斜坡.

upheaval
[Qp'hi:vl; Qp'hivl] n (a) sudden violent upwardmovement （突然而猛烈的）向上的运动: * volcanic upheavals 火山的爆发. (b) (fig 比喻) sudden violent change or disturbance 激变; 剧变; 动乱: * political, social upheavals 政治的、 社会的动乱 * Moving house causes such an upheaval. 搬家引起了这麽大的变化.

uphill
[7Qp'hil; 5Qp'hil] adj 1 sloping upwards; ascending 上坡的; 向上的: * an ,uphill `road, `climb 上坡路、 向上的攀登 * The last mile is all uphill. 最後一英里全是上坡路. 2 [attrib 作定语] (fig 比喻) needing effort; difficult 费力的; 艰难的: * It's uphill work learning to ride. 学骑马是件难事. * an ,uphill `task/`struggle 艰巨的任务[斗争]. 派生： uphill adv up a slope 上坡: walk uphill 走上坡路.

uphold
[7Qp'hEuld; Qp'hold] v (pt, pp upheld[-'held;-'held] ) [Tn] 1 support (a decision, etc) against attack 维护, 支持（决定等）: * uphold a verdict, policy, principle 支持某项裁决、 政策、 原则. 2 maintain (a custom, etc) 维持, 保持（习俗等）: * uphold ancient traditions 保持古老的传统.

upholster
[7Qp'hEulstE(r); Qp'holstl] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in/with sth) provide (an armchair, etc) with padding, springs, fabric covering, etc 给（单座沙发等）装上垫子、 弹簧、 布面等: * upholster a sofa in leather 给长沙发装上皮革面 * upholstered in/with velvet 装上天鹅绒面的. 派生： upholsterer[-stErE(r); -stErl] n person whose trade is to upholster furniture 家具装饰用品商. upholstery[-stEri; -stEri] n [U] 1 trade of an upholsterer 家具装饰用品业. 2 materials used in this trade 家具装饰材料.

UPI
[7ju: pi: 'ai; 7ju pi 'ai] abbr 缩写 = United Press International 合众国际社.

upkeep
[5Qpki:p; 5Qp7kip] n [U] (cost or means of) keeping sth in good condition and repair; maintenance 保养; 维修; 养护; 维护费; 维修方法: * I can't afford the upkeep of a large house and garden. 我负担不起带花园的大房子的维护费.

upland
[5QplEnd; 5QplEnd] n (often pl 常作复数) higher or inland parts of a country （一国的）高地, 内陆地区: * the barren upland(s) of central Spain 西班牙中部的贫瘠高地 * [attrib 作定语] an upland region 高地区域.

uplift
[7Qp'lift; Qp'lift] v [Tn] (usu fig 通常作比喻) raise (sb/sth), esp spiritually, morally or emotionally 提高、 抬高或鼓舞（某人[某事物]）（尤指在精神、 道德或情绪方面）: * with uplifted hands 双手高举着 * an uplifting sermon 鼓动人心的讲道. 派生： uplift[5Qplift; 5Qp7lift] n [U] spiritual, moral or emotionally elevating influence （精神、 道德或情绪方面的）振作、 振奋或提高: * Her encouragement gave me a great sense of uplift. 她鼓励我激发了我的上进心.

upon
[E'pCn; E'pan] prep 1 (fml 文) = on2 1, 4b, 9, 10, 13. 2 (idm 习语) once upon a time => once. (almost) u`pon him, them, us, etc (of a time in the future) rapidly approaching （指将来的某一时刻）迅速接近: * Christmas is almost upon us again. 圣诞节又快到了.

upper
[5QpE(r); 5Qpl] adj [attrib 作定语] 1 higher in place or position; situated above another (esp similar) part （位置或地位）较高的; 位於另一（尤指相似的）部分之上的: * the upper lip, arm, jaw 上唇、 上臂、 上颌 * one of the upper rooms, floors, windows 楼上的一个房间、 上面的一层楼、 上方的一个窗户 * temperatures in the upper sixties, ie between 65°F and 70°F 介於华氏65度至70度之间的温度. 2 situated on higher ground or to the north or far inland 位於高地的; 靠北的或深入内陆的: * Upper Egypt, ie the part furthest from the Nile delta 上埃及地区（距尼罗河叁角洲最远的部分） * the upper (reaches of the) Thames 泰晤士河的上游. 3 higherin rank or wealth 级别较高的; 较富有的: * the upper classes, ie of society （社会的）上层阶级 * salaries/people in the upper income bracket 属高收入等级的薪金[人们]. Cf 参看 low1 3. 4 (idm 习语) gain, get, etc the upper `hand (over sb) get the advantage (over sb); control sb （较某人）处於有利地位; 占（某人的）上风; 控制某人: * Our team gained/had the upper hand in the second half. 我们队在下半场占了上风. * Don't let your feelings get the upper hand over you. 不要感情用事.a stiff upper lip => stiff. the upper crust (infml or joc 口或谑) the highest social class 社会的最高阶层: * belong to the upper crust 属於上流社会. 派生： upper n 1 part of a shoe or boot above the sole鞋面; 靴面; 鞋帮. 2 (infml 口) drug that gives an exaggerated feeling of cheerfulness 兴奋剂. Cf 参看 downer. 3 (idm 习语) be on one's `uppers (infml 口) have very little money 十分贫困. 复合： ,upper `case capital letters, esp in printing-type 大写字母（尤指印刷体）: titles set in upper case 以大写字母排版的标题 * [attrib 作定语] ,upper-case `titles 大写字母的标题. the ,Upper `Chamber (also the ,Upper `House) (in the British Parliament) the House of Lords （英国议会的）上议院.

upper1
`upper-cut n (in boxing) punch delivered upwards with the arm bent （拳击中的）上钩拳.

uppermost
[5QpEmEust; 5Qpl7most] adj highest in place or position or importance （位置或地位）最高的, 最上面的; 最重要的. 派生： uppermost adv on or to the highest or most important position 向着或在最高或最重要的位置: Store this side uppermost, eg as a notice on a container. 此面朝上存放（如容器的标示用语）. * The children's future is always uppermost in my mind. 孩子们的前途一向是我心中最重要的事.

uppish
[5QpiF; 5QpiF] adj (infml 口 esp Brit) (also esp US uppity[5QpEti; 5QpEti] ) self-assertive or arrogant 盛气凌人的; 傲慢的: * Don't get uppish with me, young lady! 小姐, 别对我这麽傲慢!

upright
[5Qprait; 5Qp7rait] adj 1 in a vertical position; erect 垂直的; 直立的; 竖直的: * his upright bearing/posture/stance 他的笔直的姿势. 2 strictly honest or honourable 诚实的; 规矩的; 正直的: * an upright citizen 正直的公民 * be upright in one's business dealings 规规矩矩地做生意. 3 (idm 习语) bolt upright => bolt3. 派生： upright adv in or into an upright position （趋於）垂直地, 直立地: sit, stand, hold oneself upright 危坐、 笔直地站着、 保持直立姿势 * pull the tent-pole upright 把帐篷杆拉正. upright n 1 post or rod placed upright, esp as a support 垂直的柱子或杆子（尤指作支撑物的）: The ball bounced off the left upright of the goal. 球碰到左侧球门柱後弹开. 2 = upright piano. uprightness n [U]. 复合： ,upright pi`ano (also upright) piano with the strings arranged vertically 竖式钢琴. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xi.

uprising
[5QpraiziN; 5Qp7raiziN] n revolt against those in power; rebellion 起义; 暴动: * an armed uprising 武装起义.

uproar
[5QprC:(r); 5Qp7rCr] n [U, sing] (outburst of) noise and excitement or anger; tumult 喧嚣; 骚动; 吵闹: * The meeting ended in (an) uproar. 会议以大吵大闹收场. * There was (an) uproar over the tax increases. 税款增加引起了鼓噪. > uproarious/Qp'rC:riEs; Qp'rCriEs] adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] (a) very noisy or high-spirited 喧嚣的; 骚动的; 热闹的: * an uproarious welcome, evening, debate 热烈的欢迎、 晚会、 辩论 * They burst into uproarious laughter. 他们哄然大笑. (b) very funny 非常有趣的: * uproarious jokes, disguises, mistakes 令人捧腹的笑话、 化装、 错误. uproariously adv: * shout uproariously大声地呼喊 * uproariously funny 极其滑稽.

uproot
[7Qp'ru:t; Qp'rut] v 1 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] pull (a tree, plant, etc) out of the ground together with its roots 将（树、 花草等）连根拔起. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/oneself (from sth/...) (fig 比喻) force sb/oneself to leave a place where he/one was born or has become settled 迫使某人[自己]离开出生地或定居处: * She uprooted herself from the farm and moved to London. 她别井离乡从农场搬到伦敦.

upset
[7Qp'set; Qp'set] v (-tt-pt, pp upset) 1 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become overturned or spilt, esp accidentally打翻, 弄翻（某物）（尤指无意地）: * upset one's cup, the milk, a plate of biscuits 弄翻了自己的杯子、 牛奶、 一盘饼乾 * A large wave upset the boat. 一个巨浪打翻了船. 2 [Tn] disrupt (a plan, etc) 打乱, 扰乱（计画等）: * upset the balance of trade 打破贸易平衡 * Our arrangements for the weekend were upset by her visit. 她一来把我们周末的安排给打乱了. * Fog upset the train timetable. 这场大雾搅乱了火车的班次. 3 [Tn] (a) distress the mind or feelings of (sb) 使（某人）苦恼或心烦: * be emotionally upset 心烦意乱 * Don't upset yourself -- no harm has been done. 不要难过--并没有造成伤害. * The sight of physical suffering always upsets me. 我看到身体受折磨的情形总是心惊肉跳. * He was upset at not being invited. 人家没邀请他, 他很不痛快. (b) cause (sb) to feel ill by disturbing his digestion 使（某人）感到肠胃不适: * Cheese often upsets her/her stomach. 她吃乳酪後常常感到不舒服[肠胃不适]. 4 (idm 习语) upset the/sb's `applecart (a) spoil a plan or disrupt an arrangement打乱计画或安排: * Her refusal to help quite upset the applecart. 她不肯帮忙, 计画也就落空了. (b) disprove a theory 推翻一理论或说法. > upset[5Qpset; 5Qp7set] n 1 [U, C] upsetting or being upset 翻倒; 扰乱; 不安: * Last-minute changes caused a great deal of upset. 出现的临时变动造成一片混乱. * She had a major emotional upset. 她情绪上受到了沉重的打击. 2 [C] stomach disorder 肠胃不适: * (infml 口) in bed with a tummy upset 因肠胃不适而卧床. 3 (in sport) unexpected result （运动）出乎意料的结局或成绩.

upshot
[5QpFCt; 5Qp7Fat] n [sing] the ~ (of sth) the final result or outcome 最後结果; 结局: * The upshot of it all was that he resigned. 结果他辞职了.

upside
down

upstage
[7Qp'steidV; 5Qp'stedV] adj, adv 1 at or towards the back of a theatre stage 在或向舞台後部（的）: * an,upstage `door 舞台後门 * move upstage 向舞台後部移动. 2 (infml 口) snobbish(ly) 势利（的）; 谄上欺下（的）: * They're much too upstage for us these days. 他们近来对我们太势利了. 派生： upstage v [Tn] 1 cause (an actor) to face away from the audience by moving nearer the back of the stage than him （自己向舞台後部移动）使（另一演员）无法面向观众. 2 (fig 比喻) divert attention from (sb) towards oneself; put at a disadvantage 将他人注意力从（某人）引向自己; 使处於不利地位: He upstaged the other speakers by illustrating his talk with slides. 他演讲中配上幻灯片, 比其他演讲人更吸引听众.

upstairs
[7Qp'steEz; Qp'sterz] adv 1 up the stairs; to or on an upper floor 向楼上; 往楼上; 在楼上: * walk, leap, sleep upstairs 走上楼、 蹦跳着上楼、 在楼上睡觉 * I was upstairs when it happened. 这件事发生时我正在楼上. Cf 参看 downstairs. 2 (idm 习语) kick sb upstairs => kick1. 派生： upstairs adj situated on, living on or belonging toan upper floor 位於楼上的; 住在楼上的; 属於楼上的: an,upstairs `room, `window 楼上的房间、 窗户 * the familiesupstairs/the ,upstairs `families 楼上的住户. upstairs n [sing] (infml 口) upper floor of a house, etc 房屋等的上层; 楼上: A bungalow does not have an upstairs. 平房没有上层.

upstanding
[7Qp'stAndiN; Qp'stAndiN] adj [attrib 作定语] (fml or rhet 文或修辞) 1 strong, healthy and vigorous 强健而有活力的: * a fine upstanding figure of a man 一个男子的强健、 匀称的体格. 2 decent and honest 正派而诚实的: * upstanding members of the city council 市议会的正派而诚实的议员们.

upstart
[5Qpsta:t; 5Qp7start] n (derog 贬) person who has suddenly risen to wealth or a high position, esp one who behaves arrogantly and causes resentment 突然发迹者, 新贵, 暴发户（尤指傲慢令人反感者）: * You can't marry that young upstart! 你可不能嫁给那个年轻的暴发户! * [attrib 作定语] upstart bureaucrats, financiers, officials, etc 突然发迹的官僚、 金融家、 官员等.

upstream
[7Qp'stri:m; 5Qp'strim] adv, adj in the directionfrom which a river, etc flows; against the current 向上游（的）; 逆流（的）: * row, swim, walk upstream 往上游划、 游、 行走 * Factories upstream (from us) are polluting the water. 在（我们）上游的工厂污染了河水. Cf 参看 downstream.

upsurge
[5QpsE:dV; 5Qp7sEdV] n (usu sing 通常作单数) (a) ~ (in sth) sudden increase in sth; rise 急剧增长; 上升: * an upsurge in sales, costs, investments 销售额、 费用、 投资额的猛增. (b) ~ (of sth) sudden rush, esp of feeling 激发; （尤指感情的）突发: * an upsurge of anger, enthusiasm, violence 愤怒、 热情、 暴力行为的爆发 * an upsurge of interest in the environment 对环境问题突然发生的兴趣.

upswing
[5QpswiN; 5Qp7swiN] n ~ (in sth) (esp sudden) upward movement or trend; improvement （尤指突然的）向上的运动或倾向; 上涨; 改进: * This policy led to an upswing in the party's popularity. 这一政策使该党深得人心. Cf 参看 upturn.

uptake
[5Qpteik; 5Qp7tek] n (idm 习语) ,quick/,slow on the `uptake quick/slow to understand what is meant 理解力强[弱]; 领会快[慢]: * You'll have to explain it to me carefully I'm not very quick on the uptake. 你得给我仔细解释一下--我理解力差.

uptight
[7Qp'tait; 7Qp'tait] adj ~ (about sth) (infml 口) 1 nervously tense 精神紧张的: * get uptight about exams, interviews, etc 对考试、 面试等十分紧张. 2 annoyed or hostile 恼怒的; 有敌意的: * Offers of help just make him uptight. 主动帮助他反而惹他生气. 3 (US) rigidly conventional 因循守旧的.

uptown
[7Qp'taun; 5Qp'taun] adj, adv (US) in or to the outer residential districts of a town 位於或向着市镇外围住宅区（的）: * uptown New York 纽约的城外住宅区 * go, drive, stay uptown 往、 开车去、 呆在城外住宅区. Cf 参看 downtown.

upturn
[5QptE:n; 5Qp7tEn] n ~ (in sth) upward trend in business, fortune, etc; improvement （生意、 运气等）好转; 改进: * an upturn in the sales figures 销售额的增长 * Her luck seems to have taken an upturn/to be on the upturn. 她似乎时来运转了. Cf 参看 upswing. 派生： upturned[7Qp'tE:nd; 7Qp'tEnd] adj turned upwards or upside-down 向上翘的; 上下翻转过来的: * a slightly,upturned `nose 稍微朝上翘的鼻子 * She felt drops of rain on her ,upturned `face. 她感到有雨点落在她仰着的脸上. * sitting on an ,upturned `crate 坐在翻转过来的板条箱上.

upward
[5QpwEd; 5Qpwld] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] moving, leading or pointing to what is higher, more important, etc 移向、 引向或指向较高、 较重要等之处的; 上升的; 向上的: * an upward glance, climb 向上的一瞥、 攀登 * the upward trend in prices 物价的上涨趋势. 派生： upward (also upwards[-wEdz; -wldz] ) adv towards what is higher 向上地; 上升地: * The missile rose upward into the sky. 导弹已升入天空. * The boat floated bottom upwards, ie upside-down. 那船底朝天漂着. =>Usage at forward2 用法见forward2. upwards of prep more than (a number) 超过（某数）: Upwards of a hundred people came to the meeting. 有一百多人来参加会议. 复合： ,upward mo`bility movement into a higher and wealthier social class 向较高和较富有的社会阶层的流动. ,upwardly `mobile ready and able to move in this way 能向较高社会地位和经济地位流动的: upwardly mobile young executives 能升迁的年轻行政人员.

upwind
[7Qp'wind; Qp'wind] adj, adv ~ (of sb/sth) in the direction from which the wind is blowing 上风向的; 逆风的; 顶风的: * If we're upwind of the animal it may smell our scent. 要是我们处於那动物的上风位置, 它就能闻到我们的气味.

uranium
[ju'reiniEm; ju'reniEm] n [U] chemical element,a heavy grey radioactive metal used as a source of nuclear energy 铀. =>App 10 见附录10.

urban
[5E:bEn; 5EbEn] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of, situated in or living in a city or town 市镇的; 位於市镇的; 住在市镇的: * urban areas 市区 * the urban population城市人口 * urban renewal, ie the renovation of old buildings, etc 城市更新（旧建 物等的整修） * urban guerrillas, ie terrorists operating in urban areas by kidnapping, etc 城市游击队员（进行绑架等的）. Cf 参看 rural. 派生： urbanize, -ise[-aiz; -7aiz] [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] change (esp a rural place) into a town-likearea 使（尤指农村地区）城市化. urbanization, -isation/ 9\:bEnaI5zeIFn; US -nI5z-; 9[bEnI`zeFEn/ n [U].

urbane
[E:'bein; E'ben] adj (fml sometimes derog 文, 有时作贬义) having or showing refined manners, smooth elegance and sophistication 有礼貌的; 温文尔雅的; 老於世故的: * an urbane man, wit, smile, conversation 彬彬有礼的男子、 风趣的人、 微笑、 交谈. > urbanely adv. urbanity/E:'bAnEti; E'bAnEti] n [U, C].

urchin
[5E:tFin; 5EtFin] n 1 (a) (esp dated 尤作旧) mischievous or naughty child, esp a boy 顽童, 淘气鬼（尤指男孩）: * You little urchin! 你这个小淘气! (b) (also `street-urchin) ragged or dirty child who is homeless and lives in poverty 街头流浪儿. 2 = sea-urchin (sea).

Urdu
[5uEdu:; 5urdu] adj, n [U] (of the) language related to Hindi but with many Persian words, used esp in Pakistan 乌尔都语（与印地语有共同处, 但含许多波斯语词, 尤使用於巴基斯坦）.

urea
[juE'riE; - 'juriE; 5juriE] n [U] white soluble crystalline compound contained esp in the urine of mammals 皌; 尿素.

ureter
[juE'ri:tE(r); ju'ritl] n either of the two tubes by which urine passes from the kidneys to the bladder 输尿管.

urethra
[juE'ri:WrE; ju'riWrE] n (pl 复数作 ~s or, in scientific use, 科技用语复数作 -rae[-ri:; -ri] ) (anatomy 解) tube by which urine passes from the bladder out of the body 尿道. =>illus at male 见male插图.

urge
[E:dV; EdV] v 1 [Tn.pr, Tn.p, Cn.t] drive forcibly or hurry (a horse, etc) in a certain direction 驱赶, 驱策（马等）: * urge a pony into a canter, up a slope 驱策小马慢跑、 上斜坡 * urge one's mount on, forward, north 策马继续前进、 向前、 朝北走 * She urged her mare to jump the fence. 她策马跳过障碍物. 2 [Tn, Tf, Tg, Tsg, Cn.t] try earnestly or persistently to persuade (sb) 诚恳地或持续地催促（某人）: * `Don't give in now,’ she urged. ‘先别认输,’她鼓励道. * He urged that we should go/urged (our) going/urged us to go. 他催我们走. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.t] ~ sth (on/upon sb/sth) recommend sth strongly with reasoning or entreaty 竭力推荐或力陈某事物: * We urged caution. 我们特别提出要小心谨慎. * The government urged on industry the importance of low pay settlements. 政府向工商业界强调解决低工资问题的重要性. * Motoring organizations are urging drivers not to travel by road if possible. 机动车协会劝告开车的人暂时不要使用公路. 4 (phr v) urge sb on encourage or stimulate sb to do sth 鼓励或激励某人做某事: * The manager urged his staff on (to greater efforts). 经理督促职员更加努力. * Urged on by his colleagues, he stood for election. 他受到同事的鼓励而参加竞选. * The need to find a solution urged him on. 亟须找出解决方法, 这是鞭策他的动力. 派生： urge n strong desire or impulse 强烈的欲望或冲动: sexual urges 性欲冲动 * get, have, feel, give in to a sudden urge to travel 心血来潮去旅行.

urgent
[5E:dVEnt; 5EdVEnt] adj 1 needing immediate attention, action or decision 需立即注意、 行动或决定的; 紧急的; 迫切的: * an urgent message, case, cry for help 紧急的消息、 情况、 呼救 * It is most urgent that we operate. 咱们得马上动手术. * My car is in urgent need of repair. 我的汽车急需修理. 2 showing that sth is urgent; persistent in one's demands 催促的; 坚持要求的: * speak in an urgent whisper 低声催促. > urgency[-dVEnsi;-dVEnsi] n [U]: * a matter of great urgency 紧急的事 * I detected a note of urgency in her voice. 我从她声音中察觉到情况紧急. urgently adv: * Ambulance drivers are urgently needed. 急需救护车司机.

uric
[5juErik; 5jurik] adj [attrib 作定语] of urine 尿的: * uric acid 尿酸.

urine
[5juErin; 5jurin] n [U] waste liquid that collects in the bladder and is passed from the body 尿. 派生： urinal/ 5jUErInl or, in British use, 英式英语读作jUE5raInl; `jJrEnl] n building, place or receptacle for (esp) men and boys to urinate in （尤指男子用的）小便处, 小便器, 尿壶. urinary[5juErinEri; - -neri; 5jurE7neri] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of urine or the parts of the body through which it passes 尿的; 泌尿的; 泌尿器的: * urinary infections, organs 泌尿器感染、 泌尿器. urinate[5juErineit; 5jurE7net] v [I] pass urine from the body 排尿; 撒尿.

urn
[E:n; En] n 1 tall vase, usu with a stem and a base, esp one used for holding the ashes of a cremated person ; （尤指）骨灰 . 2 (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) large metal container with a tap, in which tea, coffee, etc is made or from which it is served, eg in cafes or canteens （供应茶、 咖啡等的）有龙头的金属容器（如小餐馆或食堂中的）: * a tea urn 茶桶. =>illus 见插图.

us
[Es; Es strong form 强读式 Qs; Qs] pers pron (used as the object of a v or of a prep; also used independently and after be 用作动词或介词的宾语; 亦可单独使用, 用於be之後) me and another or others; me and you 我们; 咱们: * She gave us a washing-machine. 她送给我们一台洗衣机. * We'll take the dog with us. 我们要带着那条狗去. * Hello, it's us back again! 喂, 是我们回来了! Cf 参看 we.

USA
[7ju: es 'ei; 7ju es 'e] abbr 缩写 = 1 (US) United States Army 美国陆军. 2 (esp in addresses) United States of America （尤用於地址）美利坚合众国.

USAF
[7ju: es ei 'ef; 7ju es e 'ef] abbr 缩写 = United States Air Force 美国空军.

usage
[5ju:sidV, 'ju:zidV; 5jusidV, 'juzidV] n 1 [U] manner of using sth; treatment 用法; 处理; 对待: * The tractor had been damaged by rough usage. 这辆拖拉机因使用不经心而损坏了. 2 [U, C] habitual or customary practice, esp in the way words are used 习惯; 惯例; （尤指）词语惯用法: * English grammar and usage 英语的语法和惯用法 * Languages develop continually through usage. 语言在使用中不断发展. * It's not a word in common usage. 这个词不是个普通常用词. * A dictionary helps one to distinguish correct and incorrect usages. 词典可用以辨识遣词造句的正误.

use
1[ju:z; juz] v (pt, pp used/ju:zd; juzd] ) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tnt, Cn.n/a] ~ sth (for sth/doing sth); ~ sth (as sth) employ sth for a purpose; bring sth into service 用; 使用; 运用; 利用: * Do you know how to use a lathe? 你会使用车床吗? * Use your common sense! 用用你的常识吧! * If you don't use (ie practise) your English you'll forget it. 英语不用就容易忘. * May I use your phone? 我用一下您的电话行吗? * A hammer is used for driving in nails. 子是用来钉钉子的. * She uses her unmarried name for professional purposes. 她处理业务时使用娘家姓氏. * I use my bike for (going) shopping. 我买东西时骑自行车去. * We used the money to set up an irrigation project. 我们把钱用在兴建灌溉工程上了. * They used force to persuade him. 他们用武力逼他就范. * May I use your name as a reference? ie May I quote it, eg when I apply for a job? 我可以请您作我的荐举人吗? （我可否在求职信中把您的名字列入其中? ） 2 [Tn] (fml 文) treat (sb) in a specified way; behave towards （以某种方式）对待（某人）: * use one's friends well 善待朋友 * He has used her shamefully. 他待她之坏, 人所不齿. * He thinks himself ill-used, ie considers that he is badly treated. 他认为遭到虐待. 3 [Tn, Cn.n/a] ~ sb/sth (as sth) exploit sb/sth selfishly 自私地利用某人[某事物]: * He felt used by her. 他觉得受她利用了. * She simply used us for her own ends/to get what she wanted. 她完全是为了自己的目的而利用我们. * He used the bad weather as an excuse for not coming. 他拿天气不好作不来的藉口. 4 [Tn, Tn.pr] consume (sth) 消耗, 消费（某物）: * Use the milk sparingly, there's not much left. 少用些牛奶, 剩下的不多了. * The car used a gallon of petrol for the journey. 汽车在路上消耗了一加仑汽油. 5 [Tn] (infml 口) (a) take (drugs) 服（药）. (b) (US) smoke

use1
(cigarettes, etc) 吸（烟等）. 6 (idm 习语) I, etc could use a `drink, etc (infml 口) I, etc would very much like a drink, etc 我...很想喝酒、 做某事: * Boy, could I use a hot bath! 啊, 我真想洗个热水澡! use one's loaf (infml 口) think effectively; use one's intelligence 好好想想; 动动脑筋. 7 (phr v) use sth up (a) use (material, etc) until no more is left; find a use for (remaining material or time) 用尽（材料等）; 设法利用（剩馀的材料或时间）: * I've used up all the glue. 我把胶水全用光了. * She used up the chicken bones to make soup. 她把鸡骨头全用来熬汤了. (b) exhaust or tire sth out 耗尽某事物; 使某事物衰竭: * use up all one's strength, energy, etc 耗尽了体力、 精力等. 派生： usable[5ju:zEbl; 5juzEbl] adj [pred 作表语] that can be used; that is fit to be used 可使用; 合用; 适用: * This tyre is so worn that it is no longer usable. 这条轮胎磨损得很厉害, 不能再用了.

used
1[ju:zd; juzd] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of clothes, cars, etc) having been worn, used, etc before; second-hand （指衣物、 汽车等）用旧了的, 使用过的, 二手的.

useful
[5ju:sfl; 5jusfEl] adj 1 that can be used for some practical purpose; serviceable or helpful 实用的; 适用的; 有用的; 有益的; 有帮助的: * a useful gadget, book, hint, acquaintance 有用的小机械、 书、 线索、 熟人 * do sth useful with one's life 尽自己毕生精力做些有益的事 * Videos are useful things to have in the classroom. 教室里有录像设备是很有助益的. 2 (infml 口) competent or capable 能干的; 有能力的: * He's a useful member of the team. 他是该队的主力队员. 3 (idm 习语) come in handy/useful => handy. ,make oneself `useful help by performing useful tasks 做些有用的事来帮忙: * My nephews tried to make themselves useful about the house. 我的侄子都想帮我收拾收拾房子. > usefully[-fEli;-fEli] adv: * Is there anything I can usefully do here? 这里有没有我能帮忙做的事情? usefulness[-fElnis; -fElnis] n [U]: * The old car has outlived its usefulness, ie is no longer useful or worth keeping. 这辆旧汽车已经不能用了.

useless
[5ju:slis; 5juslis] adj 1 not serving a useful purpose; not producing good results 无用的; 无效的; 无益的: * A car is useless without petrol. 汽车没有汽油就不能使用. * It's useless arguing/to argue with them. 跟他们争论是徒劳无益的. * All our efforts were useless. 我们的一切努力都白费了. 2 (infml 口) weak or incompetent 差劲的; 不怎麽样的: * He's a useless player. 他技艺很差. * I'm useless at maths. 我数学可不行. > uselessly adv. uselessness n [U].

user
[5ju:zE(r); 5juzl] n (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) person or thing that uses 使用者; 用户: * `drug-users, `road-users 使用药的人、 使用道路的人 * I'm a great user of public transport. 我经常使用公共交通工具. * The steel industry is one of Britain's greatest users of coal. 英国煤炭的最大用户是钢铁工业. 派生： user-friendly[7ju:zE 'frendli; 7juzl'frendli] adj (esp of computers, their software, etc) easy for non-experts to use; not difficult or intimidating （尤指计算机及其软件等）便於非专业者使用的, 不难用的, 不可怕的: * a,user-friendly `keyboard 简便的键盘 * Dictionaries should be as user-friendly as possible. 词典应尽可能便於使用.

usher
[5QFE(r); 5QFl] n 1 person who shows people to their seats in a cinema, church, public hall, etc or into sb's presence （电影院、 教堂、 公共大厅等的）引座员; （将客人领到某人面前的）招待员, 迎宾员. 2 door-keeper in a lawcourt, etc （法院等处的）门房, 传达员. 派生： usher v 1 [Tn.pr, Tn.p] lead (sb) in the specified direction; escort as an usher 引导（某人）; 担任引座员、 招待员、 迎宾员、 门房: The girl ushered me along the aisle to my seat. 引座小姐带领我沿着通道到我的座位上去. * I was ushered in, and stood before the Queen. 迎宾员把我带进去, 站在女王的面前. 2 (phr v) usher sth in (fig 比喻) mark the start of sth; herald sth 开创、 开始或引进某事物; 预报; 预示: The new government ushered in a period of prosperity. 新政府的成立带来了一个繁荣的时期. usherette[7QFE'ret; 7QFl'et] n girl or woman who ushers people to their seats, esp in a cinema or theatre 女引座员（尤指电影院或戏院的）.

USN
[7ju: es 'en; 7ju es 'en] abbr 缩写 = United States Navy 美国海军.

USS
[7ju: es 'es; 7ju es 'es] abbr 缩写 = United States Ship 美国船: * USS Oklahoma 美国船俄克拉何马号. Cf 参看 HMS.

USSR
[7ju: es es 'a:(r); 7ju es es 'ar] abbr 缩写 = Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 苏联.

usual
[5ju:Vl; 5juVEl] adj 1 such as happens or is done or used, etc in many or most instances; customary 通常的; 平常的; 惯常的: * make all the usual excuses 用尽司空见惯的藉口 * She arrived later than usual. 她到得比平常 晚. * As is usual with children, they soon got tired. 孩子们一贯如此, 他们很快就厌倦了. * When the accident happened, the usual crowd gathered. 事故发生时, 照例有许多人围观. * He wasn't his usual self. 他失去了常态. * (infml 口) I'll have my usual, please, ie my usual drink, etc. 请给我来一份我通常要的（我常要的饮料等）. 2 (idm 习语) as usual as is usual 像往常一样: * You're late, as usual. 你像平常一样又迟到了. * As usual, there weren't many people at the meeting. 像往常一样, 来开会的人不多. business as usual => business. 派生： usually[5ju:VEli; 5juVEli] adv in the way that is usual; most often 通常地; 惯常地: * What do you usually do on Sundays? 你星期天通常做什麽? * He's usually early. 他通常到得早. * The canteen is more than usually busy today. 今天食堂比往常忙得多.

usurer
[5ju:VErE(r); 5juVErl] n (dated usu derog 旧, 通常作贬义) person who lends money at excessively high interest 放高利贷的人.

usurp
[ju:'zE:p; ju'zEp] v [Tn] (fml 文) take (sb's power, right, position) wrongfully or by force 篡夺或武力夺取（某人的权力、 权利、 地位）: * usurp the throne 篡夺王位 * usurp the role of leader 夺取领导者的地位. > usurpation[7ju:zE:'peiFn; 7juzE'peFEn] n [U]. usurper n.

usury
[5ju:VEri; 5juVEri] n [U] (dated usu derog 旧, 通常作贬义) (lending of money at) excessively high interest 高利贷; 高利.

utensil
[ju:'tensl; ju'tensl] n implement or container, esp for everyday use in the home 用具, 器皿（尤指家庭日用的）: * `writing utensils, eg pencils, pens, ink 书写用具（如铅笔、 钢笔、 墨水） * `cooking/`kitchen utensils, eg pots, pans 烹调[厨房]用具（如罐、 锅）.

uterus
[5ju:tErEs; 5jutErEs] n (pl 复数作 ~es or, in scientificuse, 科技用语复数作 uteri[-rai; -rai] ) (anatomy 解) womb 子宫. =>illus at female 见female插图. 派生： uterine[5ju:tErain; 5jutErain] adj of the uterus 子宫的.

utilitarian
[7ju:tili'teEriEn; 7jutilE'teriEn] adj 1 (sometimesderog 有时作贬义) designed to be useful rather than luxurious or decorative, etc; severely practical 实用的（非奢华的或装饰的）; 功利的: * The student accommodationis strictly utilitarian. 为学生提供的住宿极其实惠. 2 based on or supporting the belief that actions are good if they are useful or benefit the greatest number of people 功利主义的.

utility
[ju:'tilEti; ju'tilEti] n 1 [U] quality of being useful 有用; 实用; 效用; 功用: * [attrib 作定语] a utility vehicle, ie one that can be used for various purposes 多用途车辆 * the utility value of a dishwasher 洗碟机的实用价值. 2 [C] = public utility (public). 复合： u`tility room room, esp in a private house, containing one or more large fixed domestic appliances, eg a washing-machine 杂用间（放置大件家用电器如洗衣机的房间, 尤指私人住宅的）.

utilize, utilise
[5ju:tElaiz; 5jutl7aiz] v [Tn] (fml 文) make use of (sth); find a use for 利用或应用（某事物）: * utilizethe available tools, resources 利用现有的工具、 资源 * utilize solar power as a source of energy 利用太阳能作为能源. > utilization, -isation[7ju:tElai'zeiFn; - -li'z-; 7jutlE'zeFEn] n [U].

utmost
[5QtmEust; 5Qt7most] (also uttermost[5QtEmEust;'Qtl7most] ) adj [attrib 作定语] greatest; furthest; most extreme 最大的; 最远的; 极度的: * in the utmost danger 在极端的危险中 * of the utmost importance 极重要的 * with the utmost care 极其小心 * pushed to the utmost limits of endurance 逼到忍无可忍的程度. 派生： the utmost (also the uttermost) n [sing] 1 the greatest, furthest or most extreme degree or point, etcthat is possible 最大限度; 极限: enjoy oneself to the utmost尽情享乐 * Our endurance was tested to the utmost. 我们已忍无可忍了. 2 (idm 习语) do/try one's `utmost (to do sth) do or try as much as one can 竭力; 竭尽所能: I did my utmost to stop them. 我已竭尽全力制止他们.

Utopia
[ju:'tEupiE; ju'topiE] n [C, U] imaginary place or state of things in which everything is perfect 乌托邦: * create a political Utopia 创造政治的乌托邦. 派生： Utopian[-piEn; -piEn] adj (usu derog 通常作贬义) having or aiming for the perfection of Utopia but impossible to achieve; idealistic 乌托邦的; 空想的; 理想主义的: * Utopian ideals 不切实际的理想.

utter
1[5QtE(r); 5Qtl] adj [attrib 作定语] (used to give extra emphasis to a n 用以加强名词的词义) complete; total; absolute 完全的; 彻底的; 绝对的: * utter darkness, bliss, nonsense 漆黑、 极乐、 纯粹的废话 * an utter lie, disaster 极大的谎言、 灾难 * to my utter delight, astonishment, etc 使我十分高兴、 吃惊等 * She's an utter stranger to me. 我根本不认识她. > utterly adv: * She utterly despises him. 她非常瞧不起他. * We failed utterly to convince them. 我们根本说服不了他们.

uttermost
= utmost.

uvula
[5ju:vjulE; 5juvjElE] n (pl 复数作 ~s or, in scientific use, 科技用语复数作 -lae[-li:; -7li] ) (anatomy 解) small piece of flesh that hangs from the back of the roof of the mouth above the throat 悬雍垂; 小舌. =>illus at throat 见throat插图.

uxorious
[Qk'sC:riEs; Qk'sCriEs] adj (fml or joc 文或谑) excessively fond of one's wife 宠爱妻子的.

V, v
[vi:; vi] n (pl V's, v's/vi:z; viz] ) 1 the twenty-second letter of the English alphabet 英语字母表的第二十二个字母: * Vivienne begins with (a) V/`V'. Vivienne一字以V字母开始. 2 V-shaped thing V形物: * The geese were flying in a V. 雁排成了V形飞行. * [attrib 作定语] flying in (a) V formation 排成V字队形飞行.

vac
[vAk; vAk] n (Brit infml 口) 1 = vacation. 2 = vacuum cleaner (vacuum).

vacancy
[5veikEnsi; 5vekEnsi] n 1 [C] unoccupied accommodation （未被占用的）空馀住处: * No vacancies, eg on a hotel sign. 客满（如旅店告示牌的字样）. 2 [C] unfilled position or post 空处; 空位; 空职; 空缺: * We have vacancies for typists/in the typing pool. 我们缺少打字员[我们的打字组缺员]. 3 [U] lack of ideas or intelligence; emptiness of mind 无主意或智慧; 头脑空虚: * the vacancy of his stare, expression 他那茫然若失的目光、 表情.

vacant
[5veikEnt; 5vekEnt] adj 1 not filled or occupied; empty 未占满的; 未占用的; 空着的: * Is the lavatory vacant? 厕所里没有人吧? * a vacant situation, post, hotel room 空着的职务、 空缺的职位、 旅店的空房间. =>Usage at empty1 用法见empty1. 2 (a) showing no sign of thought or intelligence; blank 无思想或智慧的; 木然的: * a vacant stare, look, etc 茫然的凝视、 目光等. (b) empty of thought （思想）空虚的: * a vacant mind 空荡荡的头脑. > vacantly adv: * stare, look, gaze, etc vacantly into space 木然地注视、 观望、 凝视...着空间. 复合： ,vacant pos`session (used in house advertisements,etc 房屋出售等的广告用语) state of being empty ofoccupants and available for the buyer to occupy immediately空房出售.

vacate
[vE'keit; - 'veikeit; 5veket] v [Tn] (fml 文) cease to occupy (a place or position) 停止占用, 腾出, 搬出, 空出（地方或场所）; 不再担任（某职位）: * vacate a house, hotel room 腾出房子、 搬出旅馆房间 * vacate one's seat, post 空出自己的座位、 辞去职位 * The squatters were ordered to vacate the premises. 擅自占房者被勒令迁出.

vacation
[vE'keiFn; - vei-; ve'keFEn] n 1 [C] (also recess, Brit infml 英式口语作 vac) any of the intervals between terms in universities and lawcourts （大学的）假期; （法庭的）休庭期: * the Christmas, Easter vacation 圣诞节、 复活节假期 * the long vacation, ie in the summer 暑假 * [attrib 作定语] vacation work 大学生的假期工作. 2 [C] (esp US) = holiday 1b: * take a vacation 休假. 3 [U] (fml 文) action of vacating 停止占用; 腾出; 搬出; 空出: * Immediate vacation of the house is essential. 立即腾出这所房子是当务之急. 4 (idm 习语) on vacation (esp US) on holiday 在度假. =>Usage at holiday 用法见holiday. 派生： vacation v [I, Ipr] ~ (at/in...) (US) have a holiday at/in (a place) 在（某处）度假.

vaccinate
[5vAksineit; 5vAksn7et] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (against sth) protect sb/sth (against a disease) by injecting vaccine 给某人[某物]接种疫苗: * have your dog vaccinated against rabies 给你的狗注射疫苗以预防狂犬病. Cf 参看 immunize (immune), inoculate. 派生： vaccination[7vAksi'neiFn; 7vAksn'eFEn] n [C, U](instance of) vaccinating or being vaccinated 接种疫苗.

vaccine
[5vAksi:n; - vAk'si:n; vAk'sin] n [U, C] substance that is injected into the bloodstream and protects the body by making it have a mild form of the disease 疫苗; 菌苗: * develop a smallpox, polio, rabies, etc vaccine 培养天花、 小儿麻痹症、 狂犬病等的疫苗. Cf 参看 serum2.

vacillate
[5vAsEleit; 5vAsl7et] v [I, Ipr] ~ (between sth and sth) (fml usu derog 文, 通常作贬义) keep changing one's mind; move backwards and forwards between two emotions （思想）动摇不定; 犹豫; （在两种情绪之间）变化不定: * She vacillated between hope and fear.她时而抱有希望, 时而心存恐惧. Cf 参看 oscillate. 派生： vacillation[7vAsE'leiFn; 7vAsl'eFEn] n [C, U] (fml usu derog 文, 通常作贬义) (instance of) vacillating（思想的）动摇; 犹豫; （情绪的）波动: * eternal, continual, constant, etc vacillations 心里总是动摇不定.

vacuity
[vE'kju:Eti; vE'kjuEti] n (fml 文) 1 [U] lack ofpurpose, meaning or intelligence （目的、 意义或智慧的）缺乏; 空虚; 茫然; 愚蠢: * the total vacuity of his thoughts, statements 他思想上的一片茫然、 言语的空洞无物. 2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] inane remarks, acts, etc 无意义的言行.

vacuous
[5vAkjuEs; 5vAkjuEs] adj (fml 文) showing or suggesting absence of thought or intelligence; inane 无思想的; 无智慧的; 空洞的; 无意义的: * a vacuous stare, remark, laugh, expression 呆视、 空洞的话、 傻笑、 茫然的表情. > vacuously adv. vacuousness n [U].

vacuum
[5vAkjuEm; 5vAkjuEm] n (pl 复数作 ~s or, in scientific use, 科技用语复数作 vacua[-juE; -juE] ) 1 (a) space that is completely empty of all matter orgas (es) 真空. (b) space in a container from which the air has been completely or partly pumped out （容器的）真空状态: * create a perfect vacuum 形成完全的真空状态. 2 (usu sing 通常作单数) (fig 比喻) situation or environment characterized by emptiness （情况或环境的）空洞状态: * There has been a vacuum in his life since his wife died. 他妻子去世後他的生活很空虚. 3 (infml 口) = vacuum cleaner. 4 (idm 习语) in a `vacuum isolated from other people, facts, events, etc 与其他的人、 事等脱离或隔绝: * live, work, etc in a vacuum 在与外界隔绝的环境中生活、 工作等. 派生： vacuum v [I, Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (out) (infml 口) clean (sth) with a vacuum cleaner 用真空吸尘器清扫（某物）: vacuum the stairs, carpet 用吸尘器清扫楼梯、 地毯等 * vacuum (out) the car 用吸尘器打扫汽车. 复合： `vacuum cleaner electrical appliance that takes up dust, dirt, etc by suction 真空吸尘器. `vacuum flask (also flask, US `vacuum bottle) containerwith a double wall that encloses a vacuum, used forkeeping the contents hot or cold 保温瓶. Cf 参看 Thermos. `vacuum-packed adj (esp of perishable foods) sealed in a pack from which most of the air has been removed （尤指易腐败的食物）真空包装的. `vacuum pump pump that creates a partial vacuum in a vessel 真空泵. `vacuum tube (US) (Brit radio valve) sealed glass tube with an almost perfect vacuum to enable an electriccharge to pass through, formerly used in radios, televisions,etc 真空管; 电子管.

vade
mecum

vagabond
[5vAgEbCnd; 5vAgE7band] n wanderer or vagrant, esp an idle or dishonest one 流浪者; 漂泊者; （尤指）无业游民, 无赖: * [attrib 作定语] lead a vagabond life 过流浪生活.

vagary
[5veigEri; 5vegEri] n (usu pl 通常作复数) strange,unusual or capricious change; whim 怪异多变; 奇想: * the vagaries of fashion, the weather, the postal service 时髦样 式、 天气、 邮政服务措施的变幻莫测.

vagina
[vE'dVainE; vE'dVainE] n (pl 复数作 ~s or, in scientific use, 科技用语复数作 -nae[-ni:; -ni] (anatomy 解) passage (in a female mammal) from the external genital organs to the womb 阴道. =>illus at female 见female插图. > vaginal/vE'dVainl; vE'dVainl] adj.

vagrant
[5veigrEnt; 5vegrEnt] n (fml or law 文或律) person without a settled home or regular work; tramp 居无定所或无固定工作的人; 流浪者: * vagrant tribes 游荡部落 * lead a vagrant life 过流浪生活. 派生： vagrancy[5veigrEnsi; 5vegrEnsi] n [U] (offence of) being a vagrant 游荡（罪）: * drunks arrested for vagrancy 因游荡罪遭逮捕的喝醉的人.

vague
[veig; veg] adj (-r, -st) 1 not clearly expressed or perceived （表达或感知）含糊的, 不明确的, 不清楚的: * a vague answer, demand, rumour 含糊其辞的回答、 要求、 传闻 * vague memories, hopes, fears 模糊的记忆、 渺茫的希望、 莫名的恐惧 * I haven't the vaguest (ie slightest) idea/notion what you mean. 我一点都不明白你的意思. 2 not specific or exact; imprecise 不具体的; 不确切的; 不精确的: * a vague estimate of the cost 对费用的大致估计 * The terms of the agreement were deliberately vague. 协议的条款故意含糊其词. * She can only give a vague description of her attacker. 她只能粗略地描述了一下那个袭击她的人. 3 (a) (of persons) undecided or uncertain (about needs, intentions, etc) （指人）（有关需要、 意图等）未决定的, 犹豫不决的, 不确定的: * be vague in/about one's plans 对计画举棋不定 * I'm still vague about what you want. 我还是不清楚你想要什麽. (b)(of a person's looks or behaviour) suggesting unclear thinking or absent-mindedness （指人的神情或行为）茫然的, 心不在焉的: * a vague smile, gesture 用意不明的微笑、 手势. 4 not clearly identified; indistinct 不清晰的; 模糊的: * the vague outline of a ship in the fog 船在雾中的模糊的轮廓. 派生： vaguely adv 1 in a way one cannot specify 含糊地; 不明确地: Her face is vaguely familiar. 她有些面熟. 2roughly; approximately 大致上; 近似地: He pointed vaguelyin my direction. 他粗略地朝我的方向指了指. * Italy vaguely resembles a boot. 意大利国的形状像只靴子. 3 absent-mindedly 心不在焉地: smile, gesture vaguely 心不在焉地微笑、 打个手势. vagueness n [U].

vain
[vein; ven] adj (-er, -est) 1 having too high an opinion of one's looks, abilities, etc; conceited （对自己的才、 貌等）自视过高的; 自负的. 2 [attrib 作定语] (esp rhet 尤作修辞) having no value or significance 无价值的; 无意义的: * vain promises, triumphs, pleasures 空头的许诺、 虚无的胜利、 空欢喜. 3 [usu attrib 通常作定语] useless or futile 无用的; 无益的; 无效的; 徒劳的: * a vain attempt 劳而无功的努力 * in the vain hope of persuading him 指望说服他而徒费口舌. 4 (idm 习语) in `vain (a) with no result; uselessly 无结果地; 徒然: * try in vain to sleep 怎麽也睡不着. (b) fruitless or useless 无效果的; 无用的: * All our work was in vain. 我们的工作全都白干了. take sb's name in vain => name1. 派生： vainly adv 1 in a conceited manner 自负地. 2 uselessly or futilely 无用地; 无益地; 无效地; 徒劳地. vainness n [U].

vainglory
[7vein'glC:ri; ven'glCri] n [U] (dated or fml 旧或文) extreme vanity or pride in oneself; boastfulness 极度的虚荣; 自负; 自夸. 派生： vainglorious[-'glC:riEs; -'glCriEs] adj full of vainglory; conceited and boastful 虚荣心重的; 自负的; 自夸的.

valance
[5vAlEns; 5vAlEns] n (a) short curtain or frill hung around the frame of a bed （床架四周的）短帷幔, 挂布. (b) (esp US) = pelmet.

vale
[veil; vel] n (arch except in place names 古, 现仅用於地名) valley 谷; 山谷: * the Vale of the White Horse 怀特霍斯山谷.

valediction
[7vAli'dikFn; 7vAlE'dikFEn] n [C, U] (fml 文) (words used in) saying farewell, esp on serious occasions 告别; 告辞; 告别辞: * utter a valediction 致告别辞 * bow in valediction 鞠躬告别. 派生： valedictory[-tEri; -tEri] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (fml 文) serving as or accompanying a farewell 告别的; 告辞的: * a valedictory speech, message, gift 临别的演说、 言语、 礼物. valedictory n (US) farewell speech given by a top graduating student at a school or college 毕业生代表的告别演说. valedictorian[-'tC:riEn; -'tCriEn] n (US) student giving a valedictory 致告别辞的毕业生代表.

valence
[5veilEns; 5velEns] n (chemistry 化) 1 [U] capacityof an atom to combine with, or be replaced by, another or others as compared with that of the hydrogen atom 化合价; 原子价: * Carbon has a valence of four. 碳的化合价是四价. 2 [C] (US) = valency.

valency
[5veilEnsi; 5velEnsi] (US valence) n (chemistry 化) unit of the combining-power of atoms （原子的）（化合）价: * Carbon has 4 valencies. 碳的化合价是四价.

valentine
[5vAlEntain; 5vAlEn7tain] n (a) (also valentinecard) sentimental or comic greetings card sent, usu anonymously, on St Valentine's Day (14 February) to a sweetheart 在圣瓦伦廷节（2月14日）寄给情人的贺卡（通常匿名）. (b) sweetheart to whom one sends such a card 收受此类贺卡的情人: * Will you be my valentine? 你愿意做我的情人吗?

valerian
[vA'liEriEn; vE'liriEn] n [U] any of various types of small herb with strong-smelling pink or white flowers 缬草（花呈粉红色或白色, 气味浓郁）.

valet
[5vAlei, 'vAlit; 5vAle, 'vAlit] n (a) man's personal male servant who looks after his clothes, serves his meals, etc （为男主人照料衣食等事务的）男仆. (b) hotel employee with similar duties （旅馆中负责该类事务的）服务员. 派生： valet[5vAlit; 5vAlit] v 1 [Tn] clean, brush and repair (eg clothes, chair-covers, car fittings) 洗刷及修补（如衣物、 椅套、 汽车坐具等）: * a valeting service, eg at a dry-cleaner's or garage 洗刷修补服务（如乾洗店或汽车维修站的）. 2 [I, Tn] act as valet to (sb) 为（某人）照料衣食.

valetudinarian
[7vAlitju:di'neEriEn; 7vAlE7tjudn'eriEn] n (fml 文) person who pays excessive attention to preserving his health 过分关心自己健康的人. Cf 参看 hypochondriac (hypochondria).

valiant
[5vAliEnt; 5vAljEnt] adj (rhet 修辞) brave or determined 勇敢的; 英勇的; 坚定的: * valiant resistance, efforts 顽强的抵抗、 努力 * She made a valiant attempt to laugh. 她放大了胆笑了起来. > valiantly adv: * Tom tried valiantly to rescue the drowning man. 汤姆勇敢地抢救那个溺水的男子.

valid
[5vAlid; 5vAlid] adj 1 (a) legally effective because made or done with the correct formalities （因符合正当手续）有法律效力的: * a valid claim, contract 在法律上有效的要求、 合同 * The marriage was held to be valid. 这一婚姻关系是有效的. (b) legally usable or acceptable （法律上）有效的, 得到认可的: * a bus pass valid for one week, for ten journeys 有效期为一周、 为十趟旅程的公共汽车乘车券 * A cheque card is not a valid proof of identity. 银行发的支票保付卡并非有效的身分证明文件. 2 (of arguments, reasons, etc) well based or logical; sound （指论据、 理由等）有充分根据的, 符合逻辑的, 确凿的: * raise valid objections to a plan 对某项计画提出有力的反对 * Her excuse was not valid. 她的藉口靠不住. 派生： validity/vE'lidEti; vE'lidEti] n [U] 1 state of beinglegally acceptable （法律上）有效; 合法（性）: * test the validityof a decision 验证某决定是否合法. 2 state of being logical 合逻辑; 正确（性）: * question the validity of an argument, assumption 对某一论据、 假定的论点的正确性提出疑问.

validate
[5vAlideit; 5vAlE7det] v [Tn] 1 make (sth) legally valid; ratify 使（某事物）具有法律效力; 批准; 认可: * validate a contract, marriage, passport 使合同生效、 使婚姻具有合法性、 签准护照. 2 make (sth) logical or justifiable 证实, 确证（某事物）: * validate a theory, an argument, a thesis, etc 证实某理论、 论据、 命题等. > validation[7vAli'deiFn; 7vAlE'deFEn] n [U].

valise
[vE'li:z; - vE'li:s; vE'lis] n (dated 旧) small leather bag for clothes, etc during a journey （装衣物等的）皮制小旅行包.

Valium
[5vAliEm; 5vAliEm] n (propr 专利名) (a) [U] drug used to reduce stress and nervous tension 安定（镇静药）. (b) [C] (pl unchanged or ~s 复数或不变或作Valiums) tablet of this 安定药片.

valley
[5vAli; 5vAli] n 1 stretch of land between hills or mountains, often with a river flowing through it 谷, 山谷（中间多有溪流）. =>illus at mountain 见mountain插 图. 2 region drained by a river 流域: * the Nile valley 尼罗河流域.

valour
(US valor)[5vAlE(r); 5vAll] n 1 [U] (rhet 修辞) bravery, esp in war 勇武, 英勇（尤指战时的）: * displaygreat valour 显示出极大的勇气 * soldiers decorated (ie given awards) for valour 因勇敢而受奖的军人. 2 (idm 习语) discretion is the better part of valour => discretion.

valuable
[5vAljuEbl; 5vAljuEbl] adj 1 worth a lot of money 贵重的; 值钱的: * a valuable collection of paintings 一批很有价值的画儿. 2 very useful or worthwhile or important 很有用的; 很有价值的; 很重要的: * valuable advice, help, information, etc 宝贵的意见、 帮助、 信息等 * wasting valuable time and effort 浪费宝贵的时间和精力 * The jawbone was our most valuable find/discovery. 这块颌骨是我们最重要的发现. =>Usage at invaluable 用法见invaluable. 派生： valuables n [pl] valuable things, esp small personal possessions, jewellery, etc 贵重物品（尤指个人的小件物品、 珠宝等）: recover stolen valuables 起获失窃的贵重物品.

valuation
[7vAlju'eiFn; 7vAlju'eFEn] n 1 (a) [C, U] (act of) estimating, esp professionally, the financial value of sth 估计; （尤指专业人员的）估价: * property, land,stock, etc valuation 对房地产、 土地、 存货等的估价 * Surveyors carried out a valuation on/of our house. 测量员对我们的房子做出了估价. (b) [C] financial value that is estimated in this way 估定的价值; 估值: * have a valuation made of one's jewellery 请人给珠宝估价 * Experts put/set a high valuation on the painting. 专家对这幅画估价很高. 2 [U] (fig 比喻) estimation of a person's merit （对人的）评价: * take/accept sb at his own valuation, ie according to his own opinion of himself 同意某人对他自己的评价.

value
[5vAlju:; 5vAlju] n 1 (a) [C, U] worth of sth in terms of money or other goods for which it can be exchanged 价值: * a decline in the value of the dollar, pound, etc 美元、 英镑等价值的下跌 * pay above/below the market value for sth 付出高於[低於]市价购买某物 * rising share, land, property values 上涨的股票、 土地、 房地产的价值 * gain, appreciate, go up, etc in value 增值 * drop, fall, go down, etc in value 贬值 * order software to the value of 700 定购价值为700英镑的软件. (b) [U] worth of sth compared with the price paid for it 值（价值抵得上）; 上算: * This tea is good value at 39p a packet. 这种茶39便士一包, 很实惠. * Charter flights give/offer the best value for (your) money. 乘坐包机最合算. 2 [U] quality of being useful or worthwhile or important 实用性; 有价值; 重要性: * the value of regular exercise 经常练习的好处 * be of great, little, some, no, etc value to sb 对某人有很大、 没什麽、 有一些、 毫无...帮助 * have a high novelty, street, entertainment value 在创新方面、 黑市上、 娱乐性上有很高价值 * have a high energy, nutritionalvalue 有很高的能量、 营养价值 * the news value of a royal romance 皇室春情的新闻价值. 3 values [pl] moral or professional standards of behaviour; principles 价值观念; 道德观念; 职业道德; 行为标准; 准则: * artistic, legal, scientific values 艺术、 法律、 科学标准 * a return to Victorian values 恢复到维多利亚时代的标准 * the values of justice and democracy 正义和民主的价值观 * hold, respect, adopt, etc a set of values 遵循、 尊重、 奉行...一套准则. 4 (a) [C] (mathematics 数) number or quantity represented by a letter 值; 数值: * find the value of x 求x的值. (b) [C] (music 音) full time indicated by a note 时值: * Give the semibreve its full value. 奏出该全音符的全音长. (c) [U] (in language) meaning; effect （语言的）意义, 作用:

value1
* use a word with all its poetic value 充分发挥一词的诗意色彩. (d) [C] (in art) relation of light and shade （绘画的）明暗关系: * tone values in a painting 画中的色调值. Cf 参看 face value (face1). 派生： value v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (at sth) estimate the money value of sth 估计某物的价值; 给某物估价: He valued the house for me at 80000. 那所房子他给我估价80000英镑. 2 [Tn, Cn.n/a] ~ sth/sb (as sth) (not used in the continuous tenses 不用於进行时态) have a high opinion of sth/sb 重视某事物[某人]: value sb's advice 重视某人的劝告 * value truth above all else 把真理看得比什麽都重要 * a valued client, customer, etc 重要的主顾、 顾客等 * Do you value her as a friend? 你把她当好朋友吗? valuer n person whose profession is to estimate the money value of property, land, etc （房地产等的）估价人. valueless adj without value or effect; worthless 无价值的; 无效果的; 没用的. =>Usage at invaluable 用法见invaluable. 复合： ,value `added tax (abbr 缩写 VAT) tax on the rise in value of a product at each stage of its manufacture 增值税（随产品在各生产阶段增加价值而加徵的税款）. `value judgement (derog 贬) estimate of moral, artistic,etc worth based on personal assessment rather than objective fact 价值判断（对道德、 艺术等价值所作的主观评价）: make value judgements 作价值判断.

valve
[vlv; vAlv] n 1 mechanical device for controlling the flow of air, liquid or gas in one direction only 阀; 阀门; 活门: * the inlet/outlet valves of a petrol or steam engine 汽油发动机或蒸汽机的进给[排放]阀 * the valve of a bicycle tyre 自行车胎的气嘴 * a safety, exhaust valve 安全阀、 排气阀. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xiii. Cf 参看 tap1 1. 2 structure in the heart or in a blood-vessel allowing the blood to flow in one direction only （心脏或血管的）瓣膜. 3 device in certain brass musical instruments, eg cornets, for changing the pitch by changing the length of the column of air （管乐器的）活塞. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page x. 4 (biology 生) each half of the hinged shell of oysters, mussels, etc 贝壳瓣. Cf 参看 bivalve. 5 = vacuum tube. 派生： valvular[5vAlvjulE(r); 5vAlvjEll] adj of valves, esp those regulating the flow of blood 阀的; （尤指）（心脏或血管）瓣（膜）的: * a valvular disease of the heart 心脏瓣膜疾病.

vamoose
[vE'mu:s; vA'mus] v [I] (dated US infml 旧, 口) (often imperative 常用於祈使语气) go away quickly 快走开.

vamp
1[vAmp; vAmp] n upper front part of a boot or shoe 靴面或鞋面的前部.

vampire
[5vAmpaiE(r); 5vAmpair] n 1 reanimated corpsebelieved by some to leave its grave at night and suck the blood of living people 吸血鬼（传说在夜间离开坟墓去吸人血的）. 2 ruthless person who preys on others 残酷剥削他人的人. 3 (also `vampire bat) any of various types of bloodsucking bat from Central and S America 吸血蝠（产於中南美洲）.

van
1[vAn; vAn] n 1 covered vehicle, with no side windows, for transporting goods or people （有篷盖的）客货车: * the `baker's van 装载面包的货车 * a `furniture/re`moval van 搬运家具的[搬迁用的]货车 * a po`lice van, ie for transporting police or prisoners 警车 * [attrib 作定语] a `van driver 客货车司机. 2 (Brit) closed railway carriage for luggage, mail or goods, or for the use of the guard （铁路上运送行李、 邮件或货物的）厢式货车, 守车: * the `luggage van 装运行李的车厢 * the `guard's van 守车.

vanadium
[7vE'neidiEm; vE'nediEm] n [U] chemical element, a hard whitish metal sometimes used in steel alloys 钒. =>App 10 见附录10.

vandal
[5vAndl; 5vAndl] n person who wilfully destroys or damages works of art, public and private property, the beauties of nature, etc 恣意破坏艺术品、 公物、 私人财产、 自然美景等的人: * telephone vandals, ie vandals who damage public phone boxes 破坏公用电话亭的流氓. 派生： vandalism[-dElizEm; -dl7izEm] n [U] behaviour characteristic of vandals 恣意破坏公物等的行为. vandalize, -ise[-dElaiz; -dl7aiz] v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] wilfully destroy or damage (eg publicproperty) 恣意破坏（公物等）: * vandalize a train compartment,public convenience, lift 故意毁坏列车车厢、 公共厕所、 电梯 * The ground-floor flats had been badly vandalized. 一楼公寓受到严重恶意破坏.

vane
[vein; ven] n 1 arrow or pointer on the top of a building, turned by the wind so as to show its direction 风向标; 风信旗. 2 blade of a propeller, sail of a windmill, or a similar device with a flat surface acted on or moved by wind or water （螺旋桨、 风车、 轮机等的）翼, 叶片.

vanguard
[5vAnga:d; 5vAn7gard] n the vanguard [sing]1 leading part of an advancing army or fleet 先头部队; 先头舰队; 前锋; 先锋. 2 (fig 比喻) leaders of a movement or fashion （运动或时尚的）先驱, 先锋, 领导者: * researchers in the vanguard of scientific progress 在科学进步前列的研究人员. Cf 参看 rearguard (rear1).

vanilla
[vE'nilE; vE'nilE] n 1 [C] tropical orchid with sweet-smelling flowers 香子兰（热带兰科植物, 花味香醇）. 2 [U] flavouring obtained from vanilla pods or a synthetic product resembling this 香草醛（自香子兰荚中提取或由人工合成的香精）: * [attrib 作定语] vanilla ice-cream, essence 香草冰激凌、 香精.

vanish
[5vAniF; 5vAniF] v [I] (a) disappear completely and suddenly 突然完全消失: * The thief vanished into the crowd. 那小偷消失在人群中. * vanish into thin air, ie completely 消失得无影无踪. (b) (fig 比喻) cease to exist or fade away 不复存在; 消逝: * My prospects/hopes of success have vanished. 我的成功前景[希望]已破灭. 复合： `vanishing-point n [sing] (in perspective) point at which all parallel lines in the same plane appear to meet （透视法的）灭点, 消失点: (fig 比喻) Our morale had almost reached vanishing-point, ie disappeared. 我们的士气已丧失殆尽.

vanity
[5vAnEti; 5vAnEti] n 1 [U] having too high an opinion of one's looks, abilities, etc; conceit 自负; 虚荣; 虚荣心: * not a trace of vanity in her behaviour 在她的举止中毫无虚荣表现 * tickle sb's vanity, ie do or say sth that flatters him 迎合某人的虚荣心 * injured vanity, ie resentment caused by some slight or humiliation 受到伤害的虚荣心. 2 (fml 文) (a) [U] quality of being unsatisfying or futile; worthlessness 不满意的或无益的境况; 无价值: * the vanity of human achievements 人类成就之徒劳无益. (b) vanities [pl] vain, worthless thing or act 无意义、 无价值的事物或行为. 复合： `vanity bag, `vanity case woman's small bag or case for carrying cosmetics, toilet articles, etc （女子放梳妆用品等的）小手提包, 小梳妆盒.

vanquish
[5vANkwiF; 5vANkwiF] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (at/in sth) (fml 文) defeat (an opponent, etc) 征服, 战胜（对手等）: * vanquish the enemy in battle 在战斗中打败敌人 * (fig 比喻) vanquish one's rival at chess, tennis, etc 在国际象棋、 网球等比赛中击败对手.

vantage
[5va:ntidV; - 'vAn-; 5vAntidV] n 1 [U] position,etc that gives sb superiority or advantage 优势; 有利地位: * a point of vantage 有利之处. 2 [C] (in tennis) first point scored after deuce （网球）平分後获得的第一分. 复合： `vantage-point n position from which one has a good or advantageous view of sth （观看某事物的）有利地点: From their vantage-point on the cliff, they could watch the ships coming and going. 他们在悬崖上居高临下, 能看到来来往往的船. * (fig 比喻) the war, seen from the vantage-point of the 1980's 以二十世纪八十年代的进步观点来看待这场战争.

vapid
[5vApid; 5vApid] adj (fml 文) dull or uninteresting 乏味的; 无趣味的: * vapid utterances, remarks, comments, etc 枯燥无味的话语、 言语、 评语等 * His conversation was vapid in the extreme. 他谈话乏味已极. 派生： vapidity/vE'pidEti; vE'pidEti] n (fml 文) (a) [U] state of being vapid 乏味; 枯燥. (b) [C] vapid remark 枯燥无味的言语.

vaporize
[5veipEraiz; 5vepE7raiz] v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become vapour （使某物）汽化, 蒸发. 派生： vaporization, -isation[7veipErai'zeiFn; - -ri5z-;7vepErE'zeFEn] n [U]. vaporizer, -iser n pressurized container for sending out liquid in the form of a vapour 汽化器; 喷雾器; 蒸馏器. vaporous[5veipErEs; 5veplEs] adj (fml 文) full of or like vapour 多蒸气的; 似蒸气的: * vaporous clouds of mist, smoke, steam 雾、 烟、 蒸汽的弥漫.

vapour
(US vapor)[5veipE(r); 5vepl] n 1 [C, U] moisture or other substance spread about or hanging in the air 潮气; 水汽: * the steamy vapours of a Turkish bath 土耳其浴的水蒸气. 2 [U] gaseous form into which certain liquid or solid substances can be converted by heating 蒸气: * `water vapour 水蒸气. 3 the vapours [pl] (arch or joc 古或谑) sudden feeling of faintness 突然的眩晕感: * have/get (an attack of) the vapours 突然（一阵）头昏眼花. 复合： `vapour trail (also ,conden`sation trail) trail of condensed water left in the sky by a high-flying aircraft 雾化尾迹（飞机在高空飞行时留下的）.

variable
[5veEriEbl; 5veriEbl] adj 1 varying; changeable 变化的; 可变的; 易变的: * variable pressure, rainfall, weather, speed 变化不定的压力、 降雨量、 天气、 速度 * Winds are mainly light and variable. 风力多微弱, 风向多变. * His mood/temper is variable. 他的情绪[脾气]反覆无常. * The quality of the hotel food is distinctly variable. 这个旅馆的饭菜有时很好有时很差. 2 (astronomy 天) (of a star) periodically varying in brightness （指星）亮度周期变化的. 派生： variable n (often pl 常作复数) variable thing or quantity 可变的事物; 可变的量: With so many variables, the exact cost is difficult to estimate. 由於有许多可变因素, 很难准确地估算出成本. * Temperature was a variablein the experiment. 在该实验中温度是一个变量. Cf 参看 constant n. variability[7veEriE'bilEti; 7veriE'bilEti] n [U] quality of being variable; tendency to vary 可变性; 易变性. variably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv.

variance
[5veEriEns; 5veriEns] n (idm 习语) at variance(with sb/sth) (fml 文) disagreeing or having a difference of opinion (with sb); in conflict (with sth) （与某人）意见不一, 有分歧; （与某事物）冲突, 矛盾: * Jill and Sue are at variance (with each other) over/about their lodger. 吉尔和休在对待房客的问题上（彼此）意见不和. * set people at variance (among themselves), ie make them quarrel 使大家不睦 * This theory is at variance with the known facts. 这种理论与已知事实不符.

variant
[5veEriEnt; 5veriEnt] n thing that differs from other things or from a standard 变体; 变种; 变型: * The story has many variants. 这个故事有很多说法. * [attrib 作定语] forty variant types of pigeon 四十种变种鸽子 * variant spelling, pronunciation 不同的拼法、 发音.

variation
[7veEri5eiFn; 7veri5eFEn] n 1 [C, U] ~ (in/of sth) (degree of) varying or being variant 变化, 变动, 变异（的程度）: * Prices have not shown much variation this year. 今年物价没显出多大变化. * Currency exchange rates are always subject to variation. 货币兑换率是经常变的. * The dial records very slight variations in pressure. 刻度盘显示出压力有微小变化. 2 [C] ~ (on sth) (music 音) repetition of a simple melody in a different (and usu more complicated) form 变奏; 变奏曲: * a set of variations on a theme by Mozart 以莫扎特某一乐曲为主题的一组变奏曲 * piano, orchestral, etc variations 钢琴、 管弦乐等变奏曲 * (fig 比喻) His numerous complaints are all variations on a theme, ie about the same thing. 他的牢骚说来道去都是一回事儿. 3 (a) [U] (biology 生) change in structure or form caused by new conditions, environment, etc 变异; 变种. (b) [U] (mathematics 数) change in a function, etc due to small changes in the values of constants 变分; 变差. (c) [C] instance of such change 变异; 变种; 变分; 变差.

varicose
[5vArikEus; 5vAri7kos] adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] (of a vein, esp in the leg) permanently swollen or enlarged and therefore painful （指静脉, 尤指腿部的）曲张的: * varicose ulcers, ie caused by the condition of the veins 静脉曲张性溃疡.

varied
[5veErid; 5verid] adj 1 of different sorts; diverse 各种各样的; 不同的: * varied opinions, scenes, menus 各种不同的意见、 景象、 菜单 * Holiday jobs are many and varied. 假期的工作又多又杂. 2 showing changes or variety 多变的; 多样的: * lead a full and varied life 过丰富多彩的生活 * My experience is not sufficiently varied. 我的阅历不够广.

variegated
[5veErigeitid; 5veri7getid] adj marked irregularlywith differently coloured patches, streaks, spots, etc 杂色的; 斑驳的: * variegated geranium leaves, pansy flowers, etc 杂色的天竺葵叶、 叁色堇花等 * This specimen is richly variegated in colour. 这件标本上有很多颜色. 派生： variegation[7veEri5geiFn; 7veri5geFEn] n [U] such irregular colouring or marking 杂色; 斑驳.

variety
[vE'raiEti; vE'raiEti] n 1 [U] quality of not being the same, or not being the same at all times 变化; 多变（性）; 多样（化）: * offer, show, lack variety 提供、 显示出、 缺乏多样化的事物 * a life full of change and variety 丰富多彩的生活 * We all need variety in our diet. 我们都需要饮食多样化. 2 [sing] ~ (of sth) number or range of different things; assortment 若干不同的事物（的混合）: * He left for a variety of reasons. 他由於种种原因而离开了. * a large/wide variety of patterns to choose from 可供选择的种类繁多的花样. 3 [C] ~ (of sth) (a) (member of a) class of things that differ from others in the same general group 同类中的分类事物: * collect rare varieties of stamps 集邮票珍品. (b) (biology 生) subdivision of a species 变种: * several varieties of lettuce, mosquito, deer 莴苣、 蚊子、 鹿的几个变种. 4 (Brit) (US vaudeville) [U] light entertainment consisting of a series of acts, eg singing, dancing, juggling, comedy, as performed on TV, at a theatre, or (esp formerly) in a music-hall 综艺节目（包括一系列演出, 如歌、 舞、 杂耍、 滑稽剧等）: * [attrib 作定语] a va`riety show, theatre, artist 综艺表演、 剧场、 演员. 复合： va`riety store (US) shop selling a wide range of small inexpensive items 杂货铺.

various
[5veEriEs; 5veriEs] adj 1 of several kinds, unlike one another 不同种类的; 各种各样的: * tents in various (different) shapes and sizes 各种（不同）形状及大小的帐篷 * Their hobbies are many and various. 他们的业馀爱好五花八门. 2 [attrib 作定语] more than one; individual and separate 不止一个的; 各个的; 各别的: * for various reasons 由於种种原因 * at various times 多次 * write under various names 使用许多笔名写作. 派生： variously adv (fml 文) differently according to the particular case, time, place, etc （情况、 时间、 处所等）不同地: He was variously described as a hero, a genius and a fool. 把他说成是英雄、 天才、 笨蛋, 不一而足.

varnish
[5va:niF; 5varniF] n [U, C] 1 (a) hard shiny transparent coating applied to the surface of esp woodwork or metalwork 清漆的面（尤指木器或金属制品上的）: * a cover, coat, film, etc of varnish 一层清漆 * scratch, chip, scrape, etc the varnish on a table 划伤、 碰坏、 刮掉...桌子上的清漆. (b) (particular type of) liquid used to give such a coating 清漆; 罩光漆; 凡立水: * a natural, a gloss, an oak, a polyurethane varnish 天然的、 发亮的、 栎树、 聚氨酯清漆. Cf 参看 lacquer 1. 2 (esp Brit) = nail varnish (nail). 派生： varnish v [Tn] put varnish on (sth) 在（某物）上涂清漆: a highly varnished table-top 涂了一层厚厚的清漆的桌面 * sand and varnish a chair 用砂纸把椅子打磨光再涂上清漆 * varnish an oil-painting 给一幅油画上光 * Some women varnish their toe-nails. 有些女子在脚趾甲上涂指甲油.

varsity
[5va:sEti; 5varsEti] n 1 (dated Brit infml 旧, 口) (not used in names 不用於名称) university, esp Oxford or Cambridge 大学（尤指牛津或剑桥）: * [attrib 作定语] a varsity tie, match, dinner 大学的领带、 体育比赛、 宴会. 2 (US) team representing a university, college or school, esp in sports competitions （学校的）代表队, 校队（尤指体育的）.

vary
[5veEri; 5veri] v (pt, pp varied) 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (in sth) be different in size, volume, strength, etc （体积、 容积、 力量等）呈现不同: * These fish vary in weight from 3 lb to 5 lb. 这些鱼的重量从3磅到5磅不等. * Opinions vary on this point. 对这一点看法各异. * The results of the experiment varied wildly. 实验结果差异很大. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth); ~ (from sth to sth) change, esp according to some factor 改变, 变动, 变化（尤指伴随某种因素而产生）: * Our routine never varies. 我们的常规从无变化. * Prices vary with the seasons. 物价随季节而变动. * Her mood varied from optimism to extreme depression.她的情绪由乐观一变而为极度消沉. * work with varying degrees of enthusiasm 工作积极性有所不同. =>Usage at change1 用法见change1. 3 [Tn] make sth different by introducing changes 使某事物有变化; 改变某事物: * vary a programme, route 更改程序、 路线 * varying the pace/speed at which you work 改变你的工作节奏[速度].

vascular
[5vAskjulE(r); 5vAskjEll] adj of or containing vessels or ducts through which blood or lymph flows in animals or sap in plants 血管的; 维管的: * vascular tissue 维管组织.

vase
[va:z; - veis, also veiz; ves, vez] n vessel without handles, usu made of glass, china, etc and used for holding cut flowers or as an ornament 花瓶; 装饰瓶.

vasectomy
[vE'sektEmi; vEs'ektEmi] n surgical removalof part of each of the ducts through which semen passes from the testicles, esp as a method of birth control 输精管切除术.

Vaseline
[5vAsEli:n; 5vAsl7in] n [U] (propr 专利名) yellowish petroleum jelly used as an ointment or a lubricant 凡士林; 矿脂.

vassal
[5vAsl; 5vAsl] n 1 (in the Middle Ages) man promising to fight for and be loyal to a king or lord in return for the right to hold land （中世纪的）封臣, 家臣（为国君或领主效忠可受封土地者）. 2 (fig 比喻) person or nation dependent on another 附庸; 下属; 属国: * [attrib 作定语] vassal states, kingdoms, etc 附庸国、 王国等. > vassalage[5vAsElidV; 5vAslidV] n [U]: * reduce a dukedom to vassalage 将一公爵降为封臣.

vast
[va:st; - vAst; vAst] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] 1 very large in area, size, quantity or degree; immense （面积、 体积、 数量或程度）巨大的: * a vast expanse of desert, water, snow, etc 浩瀚的沙漠、 浩淼的水域、 茫茫的积雪 * His business empire was truly vast. 他的企业规模极大. * a vast crowd, throng, gathering, etc 大群的人. 2 (infml 口) very great 极大的: * a vast fortune, expense, profit, sum of money, etc 大量的财产、 花费、 利润、 金钱等 * a vast difference 极大的差异. 派生： vastly adv (esp infml 尤作口语) very greatly 极大地:a vastly superior intellect 智慧超群的人 * be vastly amused,suspicious 非常逗人、 可疑. vastness n [U, C]: lost in the vastness (es) of space 消失在广阔无垠的太空.

vat
[vAt; vAt] n tank or large container for holding liquids, esp in distilling, brewing, dyeing and tanning 大桶、 大盆等巨大容器（尤指蒸馏、 酿造、 染色及鞣革用的）.

Vatican
[5vAtikEn; 5vAtikEn] n the Vatican (a) [sing] the Pope's residence in Rome 梵蒂冈（罗马教皇的驻在地）. (b) [Gp] papal government 罗马教廷; 教皇权力.

vaudeville
[5vC:dEvil; 5vCdE7vil] n [U] (US) = variety 4.

vault
1[vC:lt; vClt] n 1 arched roof; series of arches forming a roof 拱券; 拱顶: * fan vaulting, ie vaults wherethe arches have ribs, like a fan 扇形拱券. =>illus at App 1见附录1插图, page viii. 2 (a) cellar or underground room used for storing things at a cool temperature 地窖; 地下室: * `wine-vaults 酒窖. (b) similar room beneath a church or in a cemetery, used for burials （教堂或坟场的）地下墓室: * in the family vault 在家族的地下墓室中. 3 similar room, esp in a bank and protected by locks, alarms, thick walls, etc, used for keeping valuables safe （设於地下的）金库, 保险库（尤指银行的）. 4 covering like an arched roof 拱券状覆盖物: * (rhet 修辞) the vault of heaven, ie the sky 苍穹（天空）. 派生： vaulted adj having a vault or vaults; built in the form of a vault 有拱券的; 建成拱状的: a vaulted roof, chamber, etc 拱形屋顶、 有拱券的会堂等.

vaunt
[vC:nt; vCnt] v [Tn] (fml derog 文, 贬) boast about (sth); draw attention to (sth) in a conceited way 吹嘘, 夸耀（某事物）: * The bank's much-vaunted security system failed completely. 这家银行大肆吹嘘的保安设施完全无济於事. * vaunting her charm, success, wealth for all to see 向大家炫示她的魅力、 成就、 财富. > vauntingly adv.

VC
[7vi: 'si:; 7vi 'si] abbr 缩写 = 1 Vice-Chairman. 2 Vice-Chancellor. 3 Vice-Consul. 4 (Brit) Victoria Cross: * be awarded the VC 获得维多利亚十字勋章 * Col James Blunt VC 维多利亚十字勋章获得者詹姆斯．勃朗特上校. Cf 参看 GC.

VCR
[7vi: si: 'a:(r); 7vi si 'ar] abbr 缩写 = video cassette recorder.

VD
[7vi: 'di:; 7vi 'di] abbr 缩写 = venereal disease.

VDU
[7vi: di: 'ju:; 7vi di 'ju] abbr 缩写 = (computing 计) visual display unit: * check a file on the VDU 用视频显示器检验文件 * a VDU operator 视频显示器操作员. =>illus at computer 见computer插图.

veal
[vi:l; vil] n [U] flesh of a calf used as meat （食用的）小牛肉: * [attrib 作定语] veal cutlets 小牛肉的肉块.

vector
[5vektE(r); 5vektl] n 1 (mathematics 数) quantitythat has both magnitude and direction, eg velocity 矢量; 向量. Cf 参看 scalar. 2 (biology 生) organism (esp an insect) that transmits a particular disease or infection （传播疾病的）媒介生物, （尤指）媒介昆虫. Cf 参看 carrier 4.

veer
[viE(r); vir] v 1 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip] (esp of a vehicle) change direction or course （尤指交通工具）改变方向或路线: * The plane veered wildly. 那架飞机乱改航线. * The car suddenly veered off the road. 那辆汽车突然驶离了公路路面. * The wind has veered round. 风向相反了. (b) [Ipr] (fig 比喻) (of a conversation, sb's behaviour or opinion) change suddenly or very noticeably （指谈话内容、 人的行为或观点）突然改变, 明显转变: * The discussion veered away from religion and round to politics. 这场讨论从宗教问题一下子转到了政治问题上. 2 [I, Ipr, Ip] (of the wind) change gradually in a clockwise direction in the N Hemisphere and an anti-clockwise direction in the S Hemisphere （指风）（在北半球按顺时针方向、 在南半球按反时针方向）逐渐转向: * The wind veered (round to the) north. 近日风向已转北了. Cf 参看 back4 7.

veg
[vedV; vedV] n [U, C] (pl unchanged 复数不变) (Brit infml 口) vegetable(s) 蔬菜: * meat and two veg 肉和两样蔬菜.

vegan
[5vi:gEn; 5vigEn] n strict vegetarian who neither eats nor uses any animal products, eg eggs, silk, leather 纯素主义者（既不吃也不用任何动物产品, 如蛋、 丝绸、 皮革）: * [attrib 作定语] a vegan diet, restaurant, fruit-cake 纯素食谱、 餐厅、 水果糕点.

vegetable
[5vedVtEbl; 5vedVtEbl] n 1 (part of various types of) plant eaten as food, eg potatoes, beans, onions 蔬菜: * green vegetables, ie cabbage, lettuce, Brussels sprouts, etc 绿色蔬菜（卷心菜、 莴苣、 汤菜等） * a salad of raw vegetables 生菜色拉 * [attrib 作定语] a vegetable curry, garden, knife 咖喱素菜、 菜园、 蔬菜用刀 * vegetable oils, eg in margarine 植物油. Cf 参看 animal, mineral. 2 (fig 比喻) (a) person who is physically alive but mentally inactive because of injury, illness or abnormality 植物人（因伤、 病或异常情况而丧失思维能力但仍有生命的人）: * Severe brain damage turned him into a vegetable. 他因脑部重伤而成了植物人. * [attrib 作定语] lead a vegetable existence 处於植物人的状态. (b) person who has a dull monotonous life 生活单调的人: * Stuck at home like this, she felt like a vegetable. 像这样闷在家里, 她觉得生活太单调. 复合： ,vegetable `marrow (fml 文) = marrow.

vegetarian
[7vedVi'teEriEn; 7vedVE'teriEn] n person who,for humane, religious or health reasons, eats no meat 吃素的人: * [attrib 作定语] a vegetarian meal, diet, restaurant 素食饭菜、 食谱、 餐馆. Cf 参看 vegan. 派生： vegetarianism[-izEm; -izEm] n [U] practice or philosophy of being a vegetarian 素食; 素食主义.

vegetate
[5vedViteit; 5vedVE7tet] v [I] (fig 比喻) live a dull life with little activity or interest 过枯燥的生活（无甚活动或趣味）: * the unemployed vegetating at home 在家百无聊赖的失业者.

vegetation
[7vedVi'teiFn; 7vedVE'teFEn] n [U] plants in general; those found in a particular environment 植物（总称）; 草木: * There is little vegetation in the desert. 沙漠里植物稀少. * the luxuriant vegetation of tropical rain forests 热带雨林中繁茂的植物.

vehement
[5vi:EmEnt; 5viEmEnt] adj showing or caused by strong feeling; passionate 感情强烈的; 热情的: * a vehement objection, protest, denial, attack, etc 强烈的反对、 抗议、 否认、 攻击等 * a vehement urge, impulse, desire, etc 强烈的欲望、 冲动、 愿望等 * He slammed the door with a vehement (ie furious) gesture. 他愤怒地用力把门关上. > vehemence[-mEns; -mEns] n [U]. vehemently adv: * The charge was vehemently denied. 那一指控遭断然否认.

vehicle
[5viEkl; - 'vi:hikl; 5vihikl] n 1 (esp fml 尤作文雅语) conveyance such as a car, lorry or cart used for transporting goods or passengers on land 陆上交通工具; 车: * motor vehicles, ie cars, buses, motor cycles, etc 机动车辆 * [attrib 作定语] vehicle licensing laws, eg for motor vehicles 机动车驾驶执照法 * a space vehicle, ie for carrying people into space 宇宙飞船. 2 ~ (for sth) (fig 比喻) means by which thought, feeling, etc can be expressed 表达思想、 感情等的工具或手段: * Art may be used as a vehicle for propaganda. 艺术可用作宣传工具. * The play was an excellent vehicle for the actress's talents. 那出戏给了那位女演员一个大好机会一展才华. 派生： vehicular/vi'hikjulE(r); vi'hikjEll] adj (fml 文) intended for or consisting of vehicles 供车辆使用的; 车辆的: * vehicular access 车辆驶入口 * The road is closed to vehicular traffic. 此路不准车辆通行.

veil
[veil; vel] n 1 [C] (a) covering of fine net or other (usu transparent) material worn, esp by women, to protect or hide the face, or as part of a head-dress 面纱, 面罩（尤指女用的）: * a bridal veil 新娘的面纱 * She raised/lowered her veil. 她撩起[放下]面罩. (b) piece of linen, etc covering the head and sometimes the shoulders, esp of nuns 头巾（尤指修女的）. 2 [sing] (fig 比喻) thing that hides or disguises 遮盖物; 掩饰物: * a veil of mist over the hills 笼罩小山上的薄雾 * plot under the veil of secrecy, innocence 在秘密、 正经事物掩盖下搞的阴谋. 3 (idm 习语) draw a curtain/veil over sth => draw2. take the `veil become a nun 当修女. 派生： veil v [Tn] 1 put a veil over (sb/sth) 给（某人[某物]）带面纱或面罩: a veiled Muslim woman 戴着面纱的穆斯林女子. 2 (fig 比喻) hide or disguise (sth) 遮掩, 掩饰（某事物）: a thinly veiled threat, insult, hint, etc 含沙射影的威胁、 侮辱、 暗示等 * He could hardly veil his contempt at my ignorance. 他掩盖不住对我无知的轻蔑之情.

vein
[vein; ven] n 1 [C] any of the tubes carrying blood from all parts of the body to the heart 静脉: * Royal blood ran in his veins. 他有王族血统. Cf 参看 artery. 2 [C] any of the thread-like lines forming the framework of a leaf or of an insect's wing 叶脉; 翅脉. 3 [C] narrow strip or streak of a different colour in some kinds of stone, eg marble, or in some cheeses （大理石等或某些乾酪的）纹理, 纹路. 4 [C] crack or fissure in rock, filled with mineral or ore; seam 矿脉; 岩脉; 矿层: * a vein of gold 金矿脉. 5 [sing] ~ (of sth) (fig 比喻) distinctive feature or quality; streak 特徵; 气质; 性情: * have a vein of melancholy in one's character 性格中含有忧郁的成分 * Her stories struck/revealed a rich vein of humour. 她的小说饶有风趣. 6 [sing] manner or style; mood 方式; 风格; 心情; 情绪: * in a sad, comic, creative, etc vein 以忧伤的心情、 喜剧的风格、 富於创造性的方式等 * The complaints continued in the same vein. 总是那一类的牢骚话, 没完没了. 派生： veined/veind; vend] , veiny[5veini; 5veni] adjs marked with or having veins 有静脉的; 有叶脉的; 有翅脉的; 有纹理的; 有矿脉的: * a veined hand 显露青筋的手 * veined marble 有纹理的大理石 * blue-veined cheese,eg Stilton 有蓝色条纹的乾酪（如斯第尔顿奶酪）.

velar
[5vi:lE(r); 5vill] adj (phonetics 语音) (of a speech sound) made by placing the back of the tongue against or near the soft palate （指语音）软风音的. 派生： velar n velar speech sound (eg / k/, / ^/) 软风音（如/k/、 /g/）.

velcro
(also Velcro)[5velkrEu; 5velkro] n [U] (propr 专利名) fastener for clothes, etc consisting of two nylon strips, one rough and one smooth, which stick together when pressed 尼龙搭扣（用於衣物等, 由两条尼龙带组成, 按压而粘合一起）.

veld
(also veldt)[velt; velt] n [U] flat treeless open grassland of the S African plateau （南非高原上的）草原. Cf 参看 pampas, prairie, savannah, steppe.

vellum
[5velEm; 5velEm] n [U] 1 fine parchment or bookbinding material made from calf, kid or lamb skin （用小牛皮或小羊皮制的）精制皮纸, 犊皮纸, 羊皮纸. 2 smooth fine-quality writing-paper 质优而光滑的书写用纸.

velocity
[vi'lCsEti; vE'lasEti] n 1 [U, C] (esp physics 尤用於物理学) (usu of inanimate things 通常用以指无生命之物) speed, esp in a given direction 速度（尤指沿已知方向的）: * gain/lose velocity 增加[降低]速度 * the velocity of a projectile 一个抛射体的速度. 2 [U] (fml文) quickness or swiftness 迅速; 快速: * Gazelles can movewith astonishing velocity. 羚羊跑起来有时速度惊人.

velour
(also velours)[vE'luE(r); vE'lur] n [U] woven fabric like velvet or felt 丝绒: * [attrib 作定语] velour chair-covers, coats, hats 丝绒椅罩、 大衣、 帽子.

velvet
[5velvit; 5velvit] n [U] 1 woven fabric, esp of silk or nylon, with a thick soft nap on one side 立绒; 天鹅绒: * [attrib 作定语] a velvet jacket, curtain 天鹅绒短上衣、 子. 2 (idm 习语) an iron fist/hand in a velvet glove => iron1. smooth as velvet => smooth1. 派生： velvety adj (approv 褒) soft like velvet 天鹅绒般柔软的: a horse's velvety nose 柔软的马鼻子 * her velvety brown eyes 她那柔和的棕色眼睛.

velveteen
[7velvi'ti:n; 7velvE'tin] n [U] cotton fabric with a nap like velvet 平绒.

venal
[5vi:nl; 5vinl] adj (fml 文) 1 ready to accept money for doing sth dishonest 贪财而行不义的: * venal judges, politicians, etc 贪赃枉法的法官、 政客等. 2 (of conduct) influenced by or done for bribery （指行为）因受贿而为的: * venal practices 受贿而做的事. 派生： venality/vi:'nAlEti; vi'nAlEti] n [U] quality of being venal 受贿做坏事; 贪赃枉法. venally[-nEli; -nli] adv.

vend
[vend; vend] v [Tn] (esp law 尤用於法律) offer (esp small articles) for sale 出售（尤指小物件）. =>Usage at sell 用法见sell. 派生： vendee/ven'di:; ven'di] n (law 律) person to whom sth is sold 买主; 买方. vendor[-dE(r); -dl] n 1 (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) person who sells food or other small items from a stall in the open air 摊贩; 小贩: * `street vendors 街头小贩 * `news-vendors, ie newspaper sellers 报贩. 2 (law 律) seller of a house or other property （房屋等的）卖主, 卖方. Cf 参看 purchaser (purchase2). 复合： `vending-machine n coin-operated slot machinefor the sale of small items, eg cigarettes, drinks, sandwiches（投币式）自动售货机（出售小件商品的, 如香烟、 饮料、 叁明治等）.

vendetta
[ven'detE; ven'detE] n 1 hereditary feud between families in which murders are committed in revenge for previous murders 家族世仇; 族间仇杀. 2 bitter long-standing quarrel 长期争斗; 积怨: * (joc 谑) wage a personal vendetta against the Post Office 个人向邮局进行的长期斗争.

veneer
[vE'niE(r); vE'nir] n 1 [C, U] (thin layer of) decorative wood or plastic glued to the surface of cheaper wood (for furniture, etc) 薄片镶饰（粘在廉价木料上的木质或塑料薄层, 如家具等上的）. 2 [sing] ~ (of sth) (fig usu derog 比喻, 通常作贬义) superficial appearance (of politeness, etc) covering or disguising the true nature of sb/sth 虚假的外表; 虚饰: * a thin veneer of Western civilization 西方文明之金玉其外. Cf 参看 gloss1 2. 派生： veneer v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) put a veneer on (a surface) 在（某物表面）上加薄片镶饰: veneer a deal desk with walnut 给松木书桌镶上胡桃木薄板.

venerable
[5venErEbl; 5venErEbl] adj 1 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (fml 文) deserving respect because of age, character, associations, etc （因年岁、 品格、 有某种关联等）值得敬重的, 受敬佩的: * a venerable scholar 德高望重的学者 * the venerable ruins of the abbey 大寺院令人肃然起敬的遗迹. 2 (religion 宗) (a) (in the Church of England) title of an archdeacon （英国国教的）副主教的称号. (b) (in the Roman Catholic Church) title of sb thought to be very holy but not yet made a saint （天主教）备受敬仰但尚未被列入圣徒者的称号. > venerability[7venErE'bilEti; 7venErE'bilEti] n [U].

venerate
[5venEreit; 5venE7ret] v [Tn] (fml 文) respect (sb/sth) deeply; regard as sacred 敬重（某人[某事物]）; 崇敬: * venerate the memory, name, spirit, etc of Mozart 怀着崇敬之情纪念莫扎特、 景仰莫扎特的大名、 崇敬莫扎特的精神. > veneration[7venE'reiFn; 7venE'reFEn] n [U]: * The relics were objects of veneration/were held in veneration. 这些遗物是备受崇敬之物.

venereal disease
[vE7niEriEl di'zi:z; vE7niriEl di'ziz] [C, U] (abbr 缩写 VD) disease communicated by sexual contact, eg gonorrhea, syphilis 性病.

venetian blind
[vE7ni:Fn 'blaind; vE7niFEn 'blaind] window screen made of horizontal wooden or plastic slats that can be adjusted to let in light and air as desired 百叶窗 .

vengeance
[5vendVEns; 5vendVEns] n 1 [U] ~ (on/uponsb) paying back of an injury that one has suffered; revenge 报复; 报仇; 复仇: * take/seek/swear vengeance for the bombing 因遭轰炸而进行[伺机/发誓]报复. 2 (idm 习语) with a `vengeance (infml 口) to a greater degree than is normal, expected or desired （比正常的、 预期的或想要的）程度更深或更甚: * set to work with a vengeance 加倍努力地干起活来 * The rain came down with a vengeance. 雨下得大极了.

vengeful
[5vendVfl; 5vendVfEl] adj (fml 文) showing a desire for revenge; vindictive 报复心驱使的; 图谋报复的; 复仇的. > vengefully[-fEli; -fEli] adv.

venial
[5vi:niEl; 5viniEl] adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] (of a sin or fault) not serious; excusable （指罪过或过错）不严重的, 可原谅的.

venison
[5venizn, 'venisn; 5venEzn, 'venEsn] n [U] flesh of a deer used as meat （食用的）鹿肉: * roast venison 烤鹿肉.

venom
[5venEm; 5venEm] n [U] 1 poisonous fluid of certain snakes, scorpions, etc, injected by a bite or sting （某些蛇、 子等分泌的）毒液. 2 (fig 比喻) strong bitter feeling or language; hatred 愤恨的感情或言语; 怨恨: * `You liar!’ he said, with venom in his voice. ‘你撒谎!’他说道, 声音中含着怨恨. 派生： venomous[5venEmEs; 5venEmEs] adj 1 (of a snake, etc) secreting venom （指蛇等）分泌毒液的, 有毒的. 2 (fig 比喻) full of bitter or spiteful feeling 充满恶意的; 恶毒的: * a venomous look, remark, insult, etc 恶狠狠的样子、 言语、 侮辱等. venomously adv.

venous
[5vi:nEs; 5vinEs] adj 1 (anatomy 解) of or contained in the veins 静脉的; 静脉中的: * venous blood 静脉血. 2 (botany 植) having veins 有脉的: * a venous leaf 有脉的叶子.

vent
1[vent; vent] n 1 opening that allows air, gas, liquid, etc to pass out of or into a confined space （气体、 液体等进出的）孔, 口. 2 anus of a bird, fish, reptile or small mammal （鸟、 鱼、 爬行动物或小哺乳动物的）肛门. 3 (idm 习语) give (full) vent to sth express sth freely （任意地）表达某事: * He gave vent to his feelings in an impassioned speech. 他慷慨陈词抒发感情. 派生： vent v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (on sb) find or provide an outlet for (an emotion) 发泄（情感）: He vented his anger on his long-suffering wife. 他拿一贯受气的妻子出气.

ventilate
[5ventileit; - -tEleit; 5ventl7et] v [Tn] 1 cause air to enter and move freely through (a room, building, etc) 使空气进入（房间、 建 物等）; 使空气流通: * ventilate the galleries of a coal-mine 使煤矿坑道通风 * My office is well-/poorly-ventilated. 我的办公室通风良好[不良]. 2 (fml fig 文, 比喻) make (a question, grievance, etc) widely known and cause it to be discussed 将（问题、 不满的意见等）公开并引起讨论: * These issues have been very well ventilated. 这些问题已经过充分讨论. 派生： ventilation[7venti'leiFn; - -tE'leiFn; 7ventl'eFEn] n [U] 1 ventilating or being ventilated 空气流通: * increase ventilation by opening the top centre part of the carriage window 把车厢窗户上面的中央部分打开以增进空气的流通 * [attrib 作定语] the ventilation shaft of a coal-mine 煤矿的通风竖井. 2 system or method by which a room, building, etc is ventilated 通风设备; 通风方法: * The ventilation isn't working. 这个通风设备出故障了. ventilator[5ventileitE(r); - -tEl-; 5ventl7etl] n device or opening for ventilating a room, etc 通风设备; 通风口.

ventral
[5ventrEl; 5ventrEl] adj (biology 生) of or on the abdomen 腹的; 腹部的; 腹面的: * a fish's ventral fins 鱼的腹鳍. > ventrally[-trEli; -trEli] adv. Cf 参看 dorsal.

ventricle
[5ventrikl; 5ventrikl] n (anatomy 解) 1 one of the chambers in the heart, whose function is to pump blood into the arteries 心室. Cf 参看 auricle 2. 2 any of various cavities in the body, esp the four in the brain （体内的）室, 腔, （尤指）脑室.

ventriloquism
[ven'trilEkwizEm; ven'trilE7kwizEm] n [U] art of producing voice-sounds so that they seem to come from a person or place at a distance from the speaker 口技（使人听起来好像声音来自远方或另一人的发声技巧）. 派生： ventriloquist[-kwist; -kwist] n person skilled in this 会口技的人: * a ventriloquist's dummy 表演口技用的假人.

venture
[5ventFE(r); 5ventFl] n 1 project or undertaking,esp a commercial one where there is a risk of failure 工作项目或事业; （尤指有风险的）商业, 企业: * embark on a risky, doubtful, etc venture 从事一项冒险的、 成败未卜的...企业项目 * The car-hire firm is their latest (joint) business venture. 这个出租汽车公司是他们最新的大胆的（合资）经营项目. * [attrib 作定语] venture capital, ie money invested in a new enterprise, esp a risky one 风险资本, 创业基金（投资於新企业的, 尤指有风险的）. Cf 参看 enterprise 1. 2 (idm 习语) at a `venture (fml 文) at random; by chance 随便地; 碰运气地. 派生： venture v (fml 文) 1 [Ipr, Ip] dare to go (somewheredangerous or unpleasant) 敢於去（危险的或令人厌恶的地方）: venture into the water, over the wall 敢於入水、 越过墙头 * venture too near the edge of a cliff 敢於十分接近悬崖的边缘 * The mouse never ventured far from its hole. 老鼠从来不敢离开窝太远. * I'm not venturing out in this rain. 我不敢冒这样的雨外出. 2 [Tn, Tt] (a) dare to say or utter (sth) 敢说（某话）: venture an opinion,objection, explanation 敢於亮明观点、 表示异议、 进行辩解 * May I venture to suggest a change? 我可以冒昧提个更动意见吗? * I venture to disagree. 恕我不敢苟同. (b) dare to do (sth dangerous or unpleasant) 敢做（危险的或令人厌恶的事）: venture a visit to the doctor/to visit the doctor 硬着头皮去看病. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (on sth) take the risk of losing or failing in sth 冒着受损失或失败的风险: I ventured a small bet on the horse. 我在那匹马上下了一小笔赌注. 4 (idm 习语) nothing `venture, nothing `gain/`win (saying 谚) one cannot expect to achieve anything if one risks nothing 不敢冒险就一事无成; 不入虎穴, 焉得虎子. 5 (phr v) venture on/upon sth dare to attempt sth 敢於尝试做某事: venture on a trip up the Amazon 敢於溯亚马逊河而上旅行.

venture1
venturesomevenue /// [5venju:; 5venju] n place where people agree to meet, esp for a sports contest or match 聚集地点; 会场; （尤指）体育比赛场所: * a last-minute change of venue 事到临头更改的地点.

Venus
[5vi:nEs; 5vinEs] n (astronomy 天) the planet secondin order from the sun, next to the Earth 金星; 太白星.

veracious
[vE'reiFEs; vE'reFEs] adj (fml 文) (a) (of a person) truthful （指人）诚实的. (b) (of a statement, etc) true （指陈述等）真实的. 派生： veraciously adv. veracity/vE'rAsEti; vE'rAsEti] n [U] (fml 文) truthfulness; truth 诚实; 真实: * I don't doubt the veracity of your report. 我毫不怀疑你报告中的真实性.

veranda
(also verandah)[vE'rAndE; vE'rAndE] (US also porch) n roofed open-fronted terrace or platform which extends from the front, back or side(s) of a house, sports pavilion, etc （半敞的）走廊: * sitting on the veranda 坐在走廊处. Cf 参看 patio 1.

verb
[vE:b; vEb] n word or phrase indicating an action, an event or a state, eg bring, happen, exist 动词.

verbal
[5vE:bl; 5vEbl] adj 1 of or in words 词语的; 言语的; 文字的; 用言语的; 用文字的: * verbal skills, ie reading and writing 阅读和书写的技能 * non-verbal communication,ie gestures, facial expressions, etc 非言语交际（手势、 面部表情等）. 2 spoken, not written 口头的（非书面的）: * a verbal explanation, agreement, warning, reminder, etc 口头解释、 协议、 警告、 提示等. 3 word for word; literal 逐字的; 一字不差的: * a verbal translation 逐字的翻译. 4 (grammar) of verbs 动词的: * a noun performing a verbal function 起动词作用的名词. 派生： verbally[5vE:bEli; 5vEbli] adv in spoken words, not in writing 口头上（非书面形式）. 复合： verbal `noun (also gerund) noun derived from a verb, eg swimming in the sentence Swimming is a good form of exercise 动名词（如在Swimming is a good form of exercise句中的swimming）.

verbalize, verbalise
[5vE:bElaiz; 5vEbl7aiz] v [I, Tn] (fml 文) put (ideas or feelings) into words 用言语表达（思想或感情）: * find it difficult to verbalize 感到很难用言语表达.

verbatim
[vE:'beitim; vE'betim] adj, adv exactly as spoken or written; word for word 一字不差（的）; 逐字（的）: * a verbatim report 一字不差的报告 * report a speechverbatim 逐字报道一篇讲话.

verbena
[vE:'bi:nE; vE'binE] n type of herbaceous plant whose garden varieties have flowers of many colours 马鞭草.

verbiage
[5vE:biidV; 5vEbiidV] n [U] (fml derog 文, 贬)(use of) too many words, or unnecessarily difficult words,to express an idea, etc 冗词, 艰涩词语（的使用）: * The speaker lost himself in verbiage. 那个人演讲叠床架屋兴头十足. * plough through the verbiage of an official report, ie read it with difficulty 吃力地阅读晦涩的官方报告.

verbose
[vE:'bEus; vE'bos] adj (fml 文) using or containing more words than are needed 冗长的: * a verbose speaker, speech, style 言词冗赘的演讲者、 讲话、 文体. 派生： verbosely adv. verbosity/vE:'bCsEti; vE'basEti] n [U] (fml 文) state or quality of being verbose 冗长.

verdant
[5vE:dnt; 5vEdnt] adj (fml or rhet 文或修辞) (of grass, vegetation, fields, etc) fresh and green （指草、 田野等）嫩绿的, 青翠的: * verdant lawns 绿油油的草地 * trees verdant with young leaves 嫩叶青青的树木. > verdancy[-dnsi; -dnsi] n [U].

verdict
[5vE:dikt; 5vEdikt] n 1 decision reached by a jury on a question of fact in a law case （陪审团的）裁断, 裁决, 裁定: * question/dispute a verdict 对裁断提出疑义[异议] * The jury returned/announced/brought in their verdict. 陪审团做出了裁断. * a verdict of guilty/not guilty 有罪[无罪]的裁断 * a majority verdict of 8 to 4 以8票对4票的多数通过的裁断. 2 (fig 比喻) decision or opinion given after testing, examining or experiencing sth （经过试验、 检验或体验发表的）决定, 意见: * the verdict of the electors 选举人的决定 * (infml 口) My wife's verdict on my cooking was very favourable. 我妻子认为我做的饭菜极好.

verdigris
[5vE:digris, -gri:s; 5vEdi7gris, -gris] n [U] greenish-blue substance that forms on copper, brass and bronze surfaces (as rust forms on iron surfaces) 铜绿.

verge
[vE:dV; vEdV] n 1 (a) = soft shoulder (soft): * Heavy lorries have damaged the grass verge. 重型卡车把长草的软质路肩轧坏了. (b) grass edging along a path or round a flower-bed, etc （道路、 花坛等的）长着草的边缘. 2 (idm 习语) on/to the verge of sth at or close to the point where sth new begins or takes place 在某事即将发生之际; 接近出现某事物之点: * on the verge of war, success, bankruptcy 在接近战争爆发、 成功、 破产之际 * Her misery brought her to the verge of tears. 她难过得快要哭了. 派生： verge v (phr v) verge on sth be very close or similar to sth; be approaching sth 极接近某事物: a situation verging on the ridiculous, tragic, chaotic, etc 迹近可笑的、 悲惨的、 混乱的...地步 * He's verging on 80 now and needs constant attention. 他已近80岁, 需要侍候左右.

verger
[5vE:dVE(r); 5vEdVl] n 1 Church of England official who acts as a caretaker and attendant in a church （英国国教的）教堂司事. 2 (Brit) official who carries a mace, etc before a bishop or other dignitary （为主教或其他要人）持权杖等的人.

verify
[5verifai; 5verE7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) 1 [Tn, Tf, Tw] make sure that (sth) is true or accurate; check 证实, 核对（某事物）; 检查: * verify statements, allegations, conditions,facts, etc 证实某些言论、 说法、 情况、 资料等属实 * verify the figures, details, etc of a report 核实报告中的数字、 细节等 * The computer verified that/whether the data was loaded correctly. 计算机已查实数据输入[是否]正确. 2 [Tn, Tf] show that (sb's fears, suspicions, etc) are justified; confirm 证明（某人之恐惧、 怀疑等）有道理; 确定. 派生： verifiable[5verifaiEbl; 5verE7faiEbl] adj that can be verified 可证实的; 可核实的: * verifiable truths, facts, assets 可核实的真相、 事实、 资产. verification[7verifi'keiFn; 7verifi'keFEn] n [U, C] 1 verifying or being verified 证实; 核实: * Verification (eg Checking that weapons have been removed) could be an obstacle to an arms agreement. 裁减军备协议难以达成, 结在於如何证实（如检查武器确已销毁）. 2 proof or evidence 证明; 证据.

verisimilitude
[7verisi'militju:d; - -tu:d; 7verEsE'milE7tud] n [U] (fml 文) appearance or semblance ofbeing true or real 逼真; 貌似真实: * These flower illustrationsshow the artist's concern for verisimilitude. 这些花卉插图表明这个画家很注重写实.

veritable
[5veritEbl; 5verEtEbl] adj [attrib 作定语] (fml or joc 文或谑) rightly named or called; real 名副其实的; 真正的: * a veritable villain 不折不扣的坏蛋 * The rain turned our holiday into a veritable disaster. 这场雨把我们的假日完全毁了.

verity
[5verEti; 5verEti] n 1 [U] (arch 古) truth (of a statement, etc) （陈述等的）真实性. 2 [C usu pl 通常作复数] (fml 文) idea, principle, etc generally thought to be true; fundamental fact 真理; 基本事实: * universal, scientific, moral, etc verities 普遍的真理、 科学的真谛、 道德的准则. 3 (idm 习语) the eternal verities => eternal.

vermicelli
[7vE:mi'seli, -'tFeli; 7vEmE'seli, -'tFeli] n [U] pasta made into long slender threads, like spaghetti but much thinner, and often added to soups 细面条; 线面.

vermiform
[5vE:mifC:m; 5vEmE7fCrm] adj (anatomy 解) worm-like in shape 蠕虫样的: * the vermiform appendix 阑尾. =>illus at digestive 见digestive插图.

vermilion
[vE'miliEn; vl'miljEn] adj, n [U] (of a) bright red 朱红色（的）; 鲜红（的）: * a vermilion sash 朱红色的腰带.

vermin
[5vE:min; 5vEmin] n [U, usu pl v 通常与复数动词连用] 1 certain wild animals and birds (eg rats, foxes, moles, owls) which are harmful to crops and farmyard animals and birds 害兽及害鸟（为害庄稼及家畜家禽的, 如鼠、 狐、 禜、 ）: * put down (exterminate) vermin 消灭害兽和害鸟. Cf 参看 pest 2. 2 insects (eg lice) sometimes found on the bodies of human beings and other animals 害虫（如 ）: * a room alive/crawling withvermin 有害虫的房间. 3 human beings who are harmfulto society or who prey on others 为害社会或他人的人; 蟊贼; 害人虫. 派生： verminous[-Es; -Es] adj 1 infested with fleas, lice, etc 有（蚤、 等）害虫的: * verminous children 长着 子的儿童. 2 of the nature of or caused by vermin (1) 属害兽及害鸟一类的; 由害兽及害鸟引起的: * verminous diseases 由害兽及害鸟引起的疾病.

vermouth
[5vE:mEW; - vEr'mu:W; vl'muW] n (a) [U] strong white wine flavoured with herbs, drunk as an aperitif (often in strong cocktails) 味美思酒（用作开胃酒, 常调入鸡尾酒中）. (b) [C] glass or drink of this 一杯或一份味美思酒.

vernacular
[vE'nAkjulE(r); vl'nAkjEll] n [C] language or dialect spoken in a particular country or region, as compared with a formal or written language 本地话; 土语; 本国语: * Arabic vernaculars, ie as compared withclassical Arabic 阿拉伯土语 * [attrib 作定语] Vernacularliterature quickly replaced Latin. 用本国语创作的文学作品很快取代了拉丁文学. * a vernacular poet, ie one who writes in dialect 使用本地话写作的诗人.

vernal
[5vE:nl; 5vEnl] adj [attrib 作定语] (fml or rhet 文或修辞) of, in or appropriate to the season of spring 春季的; 在春季的; 适合春季的: * vernal breezes, flowers 春风、 春天的花.

Veronal
[5verEnl; 5verEnEl] n [U] (propr 专利名) type of sedative drug 佛罗那（镇静药）.

veronica
[vE'rCnikE; vE'ranikE] n [U, C] any of various types of herb, often with blue flowers; speedwell 婆婆纳（草本植物, 花多为蓝色）.

verruca
[vE'ru:kE; vE'rukE] n (pl 复数作 ~s or, in medical use, 医学用语复数作 -cae[-ki:; -ki] ) small hard infectious growth on the skin (usu on the bottom of the feet); wart 疣（通常生於足底）; 肉赘; 瘊子.

versatile
[5vE:sEtail; - -tl; 5vEsEtl] adj (approv 褒)1 turning easily or readily from one subject, skill or occupation to another 有多种学问、 技能或职业的; 多才多艺的: * a versatile cook, writer, athlete 多才多艺的厨师、 作家、 运动员 * a versatile mind 多面手. 2 (of a tool, machine, etc) having various uses （指工具、 机器等）多用途的, 多功能的: * a versatile drill, truck, etc 万用钻、 多用途卡车. > versatility[7vE:sE'tilEti; 7vEsE'tilEti] n [U].

verse
[vE:s; vEs] n 1 [U] (form of) writing arranged in lines, often with a regular rhythm or rhyme scheme; poetry 韵文; 诗; 诗句; 诗体: * Most of the scene is written in verse, but some is in prose. 这场戏大部分内容是用韵文写成的, 但也有一些是散文形式的. * blank verse, ie without rhymes at the end of the lines 无韵诗 * [attrib 作定语] a verse translation of Homer's `Iliad' 荷马《伊利亚特》的诗体翻译. Cf 参看 prose. 2 [C] group of lines forming a unit in a poem or song （诗或歌的）句, 节: * a hymn of/with six verses 一首有六节的赞美诗. 3 verses [pl] (dated 旧) poetry 诗: * a book of humorous verses 一本幽默诗集. 4 [C] any one of the short numbered divisions of a chapter in the Bible （《圣经》的）节. 5 (idm 习语) chapter and verse => chapter.

versed
[vE:st; vEst] adj [pred 作表语] ~ in sth knowledgeable about or skilled in sth 精通某事物; 对某事物熟练: * well versed in mathematics, the arts, etc 精通数学、 文科等 * well versed in the ways of journalists 熟悉新闻工作.

versicle
[5vE:sikl; 5vEsikl] n each of the short sentencesin the liturgy said or sung by the clergyman and answeredby the congregation （做礼拜时, 牧师领读或领唱, 会众相随的）短句; （启应文中的）启文. Cf 参看 response 3.

versify
[5vE:sifai; 5vEsE7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) (fml 文) 1 [I] compose verse 写韵文; 作诗. 2 [Tn] put (prose) into verse 将（散文）改写成韵文: * versify an old legend 把一个古老的传说改写成韵文. 派生： versification[7vE:sifi'keiFn; 7vEsEfE'keFEn] n [U] (fml 文) (a) art of composing verse 诗格; 诗律. (b) style in which verse is composed; metre 诗体; 韵律. versifier n (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) maker of verses 写韵文的人; 把散文改写成韵文的人; 平庸诗人: amateur versifiers 业馀诗人.

version
[5vE:Fn; - -Vn; 5vEVEn] n 1 account of an event, etc from the point of view of one person （个人对一件事的）说法: * There were contradictory versions of what happened/of what the President said. 对於发生的事情[对於总统说的话]说法相互矛盾. 2 (a) special or variant form of sth made （某制造物的具体的或改变的）种, 类: * the standard/de luxe version of this car 这种汽车的标准的[豪华的]型号 * the original/final version of the play 这个话剧的最初的[最後的]形式. (b) specialadaptation of a book, piece of music, etc （书、 乐曲等的）某种版本或改编本: * the radio, film, etc version of `JaneEyre' 根据《简．爱》改编的广播、 电影等 * an orchestral version of a suite for strings 由弦乐组曲改编的管弦乐曲 * a bilingual, an illustrated, etc version of the poems 这些诗的双语的、 插图的...版本. 3 translation into another language 译本; 译文: * the Authorized/Revised Version of the Bible 《圣经》钦定英译本[钦定本的修订本].

verso
[5vE:sEu; 5vEso] n (pl ~s) any left-hand page of a book having an even number of pages （书的）左页; 偶数书页. Cf 参看 recto.

versus
[5vE:sEs; 5vEsEs] prep (abbrs 缩写 v, vs) (Latin 拉) against (sb/sth) 对, 对抗（某人[某事物]）: * the advantageof better job opportunities versus the inconvenience of moving house and leaving one's friends 较好的求职机会之利与搬家及远离朋友之弊 * Kent v (ersus) Surrey, eg in cricket 肯特对萨里（如板球比赛） * (law 律) Rexv (ersus) Crippen 雷克斯对克里平案.

vertebra
[5vE:tibrE; 5vEtEbrE] n (pl -rae[-ri:; -ri] ) any one of the segments of the backbone 椎骨; 脊椎. =>illus at skeleton 见skeleton插图. 派生： vertebral[-rEl; -rEl] adj: * the vertebral column, ie the backbone 脊柱. vertebrate[5vE:tibreit; 5vEtE7bret] n, adj (animal, bird, etc) having a backbone （鸟兽等）有脊柱的; 脊椎动物.

vertex
[5vE:teks; 5vEteks] n (pl -tices[-tisi:z; -tE7siz] ) 1 (fml 文) highest point or top; apex 最高点; 顶点: * (anatomy解) the vertex of the skull 颅骨顶. 2 (mathematics 数) (a) point of a triangle, cone, etc opposite the base （叁角形、 圆锥体等与底相对的）顶. (b) meeting point of lines that form an angle, eg any point of a triangle, polygon, etc （叁角形、 多角形等的）角的顶点.

vertical
[5vE:tikl; 5vEtikl] adj 1 at a right angle to another line or plane, or to the earth's surface （相对於另一线或平面, 或相对於地面）垂直的, 竖的, 直立的: * the vertical axis of a graph 图表的纵轴线 * The cliff was almost vertical. 那个悬崖近乎直上直下. * a vertical take-off aircraft, ie one that rises straight up into the air without needing a runway 垂直起飞的飞机. 2 in the direction from top to bottom of a picture, etc （图等上的方向）从上到下的, 纵向的: * the vertical clues of a crossword 纵横字谜的纵行提示词语. 派生： vertical n vertical line, part or position 垂直线; 垂直部分; 垂直位置: out of the vertical, ie not vertical 不垂直的. vertically[-kli; -kli] adv.

vertices
pl of vertex.

vertigo
[5vE:tigEu; 5vEti7go] n [U] feeling of losing one's balance, caused esp by looking down from a great height; dizziness 眩晕; （尤指）高处俯视性眩晕; 头晕: * suffer from (an attack of) vertigo 感到（一阵）眩晕. 派生： vertiginous/vE:'tidVinEs; vE'tidVEnEs] adj of or causing vertigo 眩晕的; 引起眩晕的: * a vertiginous drop, descent, etc 令人眩晕的下落、 下降等.

verve
[vE:v; vEv] n [U] enthusiasm, spirit or vigour, esp in artistic or literary work （尤指在艺术或文学工作中的）热忱, 精神, 活力: * write, sing, act, etc with verve 积极地写作、 歌唱、 表演等 * The performance lacked verve. 这次表演缺乏生气.

very
1[5veri; 5veri] adv 1 (used as an intensifier before adjs, advs and dets 用於形容词、 副词、 限定词前以加强语气) in a high degree; extremely 很; 非常; 十分; 极: * very small, hot, useful 很小、 热、 有用 * very quickly, soon, far 极快、 早、 远 * very much, few, etc 非常多、 少等 * `Are you busy?’ `Not very.’ ‘你忙吗?’‘不太忙.’ 2 (before a superlative adj or own 用於形容词最高级或own之前) in the fullest sense 十足; 完全: * the very best quality 最好的质量 * the very first to arrive 最先到达者 * six o'clock at the very latest 最迟6点钟 * your very own cheque-book 你自己的那本支票簿. 3 exactly 正是: * sitting in the very same seat 就坐在同一个座位上. 复合： ,very high `frequency (abbr 缩写 VHF) radio frequency of 30 to 300 megahertz 甚高频（30到300兆赫的无线电频率）. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: 1 Very much is used to modify verbs *very much用以修饰动词: She likes Beethoven very much. 她很喜欢贝多芬的作品. * We have enjoyed staying with you very much. 我们很喜欢和你在一起. 2 Much or very much can modify past participles *much或very much可用以修饰过去分词: She is (very) much loved by everyone. 她深受大家喜爱. 3 Very is used to modify adjectives and past participles used as adjectives *very用以修饰形容词和作形容词用的过去分词: She is very talented. 她很有才华. * I am very tired. 我很累. * They were very interested. 他们很感兴趣.

vesicle
[5vesikl; 5vesikl] n (anatomy or biology 解或生) 1 small hollow bladder or cavity in the body of a plant or an animal （动植物体内的）囊, 泡. 2 blister 水秙. 派生： vesicular/vE'sikjulE(r); vE'sikjEll] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] of or characterized by the formation of vesicles 囊的; 泡的; 水秙的: * swine vesicular disease 猪水秙病.

vespers
[5vespEz; 5vesplz] n [pl] church service or prayers in the evening; evensong （天主教及基督教某些教派的）晚课; （英国国教的）晚祷. Cf 参看 matins.

vessel
[5vesl; 5vesl] n 1 (fml 文) ship or boat, esp a large one 船（尤指大船）; 舰: * ocean-going vessels 远洋轮船 * cargo vessels 货轮. Cf 参看 craft 2. 2 (fml 文) any hollow container, esp one used for holding liquids, eg a cask, bowl, bottle or cup 容器, 器皿（尤指盛液体的, 如桶、 碗、 瓶、 杯）. 3 tube-like structure in the body of an animal or a plant, conveying or holding blood or other fluid （动植物体内用以输送血液或其他液体的）管状结构; 血管; 脉管; 导管: * blood-vessels 血管.

vest
1[vest; vest] n 1 (a) (Brit) (US undershirt) garment worn under a shirt, etc next to the skin 内衣; 汗衫; （贴身穿的）背心: * thermal, cotton, string, etc vests 保暖汗衫、 棉汗衫、 网眼背心. (b) special (usu sleeveless) garment covering the upper part of the body 坎肩; （穿在外面的）背心: * a bullet-proof vest 防弹背心. 2 (US) = waistcoat (waist). 复合： ,vest-`pocket adj [attrib 作定语] (esp US) small enough to fit in a waistcoat pocket 可放入坎肩口袋里的; 袖珍的: a ,vest-pocket `camera 袖珍照相机.

vestibule
[5vestibju:l; 5vestE7bjul] n 1 (fml 文) lobby or entrance hall, eg where hats and coats may be left 前厅, 门厅（如可放衣帽处）: * the vestibule of a theatre, hotel, etc 戏院、 旅馆等的前厅. 2 (US) enclosed space between passenger coaches on a train 连廊, 通廊（列车两车厢相连处）: * [attrib 作定语] vestibule train 连廊列车.

vestige
[5vestidV; 5vestidV] n 1 small remaining part of what once existed; trace 残馀部分; 遗迹; 痕迹: * Not a vestige of the abbey remains. 那修道院的遗迹已荡然无存. 2 (esp in negative sentences 尤用於否定句) not even a small amount 毫无; 一点也不: * not a vestige of truth/common sense in the report 该报告中之毫无真实性[常识]. 3 (anatomy 解) organ, or part of one, that is a survival of sth that once existed 退化的器官; 退化器官的痕迹: * man's vestige of a tail 人的尾巴的痕迹. 派生： vestigial/ve'stidViEl; ves'tidViEl] adj remaining as a vestige 残留的; 退化的.

vestment
[5vestmEnt; 5vestmEnt] n (esp pl 尤作复数) ceremonial garment, esp one worn by a priest in church 礼仪服装; （尤指牧师的）法衣, 圣衣, 祭服.

vestry
[5vestri; 5vestri] n room or building attached to a church, where vestments are kept and where clergy and choir can put them on （教堂的）法衣室, 法衣更衣处. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page viii.

vet
1[vet; vet] n (infml 口) = veterinary surgeon (veterinary).

vetch
[vetF; vetF] n plant of the pea family, used as fodder for cattle 巢菜, 大巢菜, 野豌豆（用作牲畜饲料）.

veteran
[5vetErEn; 5vetErEn] n 1 person with much or long experience, esp as a soldier 经验丰富的人; 老手; （尤指）老军人, 老兵: * war veterans 经历过战争的老战士 * veterans of two World Wars 经历过两次世界大战的老兵 * veterans of the civil rights campaign 民权运动的老战士 * [attrib 作定语] a veteran politician, golfer 资深的政治家、 高尔夫球老手. 2 (also infml 口语作vet) (US) any ex-serviceman 退伍军人: * `Veterans Day, ie 11 November, commemorating the armistice (1918) in World War I 停战纪念日, 退伍军人节（11月11日, 为纪念1918年第一次世界大战停战日）. 复合： ,veteran `car (Brit) car made before 1916, esp before 1905 老爷车（1916年以前的, 尤指1905年以前生产的）: a veteran Rolls Royce 一辆劳斯莱斯老爷车. Cf 参看 vintage 2.

veterinary
[5vetrinri; - 'vetErineri; 5vetErE7neri] adj [attrib 作定语] of or for the diseases and injuries of (esp farm and domestic) animals （为医治）动物（尤指家畜家禽）疾病的; 兽医的: * veterinary medicine, studies 兽医学、 动物疾病研究. 复合： ,veterinary `surgeon (also infml 口语作 vet, US veterinarian[7vetEri5neEriEn; 7vetErE'neriEn] ) (fml 文) person who is skilled in the treatment of animal diseases and injuries 兽医.

veto
[5vi:tEu; 5vito] n (pl ~es) (a) [C, U] constitutional right to reject or forbid a legislative proposal or action 否决权: * the ministerial veto 内阁的否决权 * exercise the power/right of veto 行使否决权 * Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council have a veto over any proposal. 联合国安全理事会常任理事国对一切提案均有否决权. * Japan used her veto to block the resolution. 日本使用了否决权反对该项决议. (b) [C] statement that rejects or forbids sth 否决或禁止某事物的声明. 派生： veto v (pres p vetoing) [Tn] reject or forbid (sth) authoritatively 否决或禁止（某事物）: The President vetoed the tax cuts. 总统否决了削减税收的议案. * (joc 谑) John's parents vetoed his plan to buy a motor bike. 约翰的父母不同意他买摩托车.

vex
[veks; veks] v (dated or fml 旧或文) 1 [Tn] anger or annoy (sb), esp with trivial matters 使（某人）生气或恼怒（尤指因琐事）: * His silly chatter would vex a saint. 他说的话很无聊, 多有涵养的人也得气得发火. * She was vexed that I was late. 她嗔怪我来晚了. 2 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] worry or distress (sb) 使（某人）忧虑或悲哀: * He was vexed at his failure. 他失败後垂 头丧气. 3 (idm 习语) a vexed `question difficult problem that causes much discussion 引起很多争论的问题: * the vexed question of who pays for the damage 应由谁赔偿损失, 这个争论不休的问题. 派生： vexation/vek'seiFn; veks'eFEn] n 1 [U] state of being annoyed or worried 烦恼; 忧虑. 2 [C esp pl 尤作复数] thing causing annoyance or worry 使人恼怒或忧虑的事物: * life's little vexations 生活中恼人的琐事. vexatious/vek'seiFEs; veks'eFEs] adj (dated or fml 旧或文) annoying or worrying 使人恼怒或忧虑的: * vexatious rules and regulations 烦人的规章制度.

vg
abbr 缩写 = (esp on corrected written work) very good （尤用以批改作业）很好.

VHF
[7vi: eitF 'ef; 7vi etF 'ef] abbr 缩写 = (radio 无) very high frequency: * programmes broadcast on VHF 以甚高频播出的节目 * a VHF radio 甚高频收音机. Cf 参看 UHF.

via
[5vaiE; 5vaiE] prep by way of (sth); through 经由（某事物）; 通过: * go from London to Washington via New York 从伦敦经纽约到华盛顿 * I can send him a note via the internal mail system. 我可以通过内部通讯系统给他发个通知.

viable
[5vaiEbl; 5vaiEbl] adj 1 sound and workable; feasible切实可行的; 可实施的: * a viable plan, proposition, proposal,etc 切实可行的计画、 提议、 建议等 * scientifically, politically, economically viable 科学上、 政治上、 经济上可行的. 2 (biology 生) capable of developing and surviving independently 能自行生长发育的: * viable eggs, seeds, foetuses 能孵化的蛋、 能萌发的种子、 能成活的胎儿. > viability[7vaiE'bilEti; 7vaiE'bilEti] n [U]: * test the commercial viability of solar power 试验将太阳能商品化的可行性.

viaduct
[5vaiEdQkt; 5vaiE7dQkt] n long bridge, usu with many arches, carrying a road or railway across a valley or dip in the ground （跨越山谷或洼地以连通公路或铁路的）高架桥（通常有多孔）.

vial
[5vaiEl; 5vaiEl] n = phial.

vibes
[vaibz; vaibz] n 1 [sing or pl v] (infml 口) vibraphone 电颤琴: * [attrib 作定语] a vibes player, eg in a jazz band 演奏电颤琴的人（如爵士乐队中的）. 2 [pl] (sl 俚) = vibrations (vibration 3): * get good, bad, weird, etc vibes from sth 受某事物影响而产生的好的、 不好的、 奇怪的...情绪.

vibrant
[5vaibrEnt; 5vaibrEnt] adj 1 vibrating strongly; resonant 振动的; 颤动的; 响亮的: * the vibrant notes of a cello, contralto, canary 大提琴、 女低音、 金丝雀的颤音. 2 (fig 比喻) full of life and energy; exciting 充满生气的; 精力充沛的; 兴奋的: * a vibrant atmosphere, personality,performance 活跃的气氛、 活泼的个性、 有活力的表演 * She was vibrant with health and enthusiasm. 她健康活泼生气勃勃. 3 (esp of colours) bright and striking （尤指颜色）鲜明的, 醒目的: * vibrant blues and yellows 鲜明的蓝色和黄色. > vibrancy[-brEnsi; -brEnsi] n [U].

vibraphone
[5vaibrEfEun; 5vaibrE7fon] n musical instrumentlike a xylophone but with electric resonators under the metal bars giving a vibrating effect 电颤琴（类似木琴, 在金属棒下有电子共鸣器可产生颤音效果）.

vibrate
[vai'breit; - 'vaibreit; 5vaibret] v [I, Tn] 1 (cause sth to) move rapidly and continuously backwards and forwards; shake （使某物）振动, 颤动, 摇摆: * The whole house vibrates whenever a heavy lorry passes. 重型卡车一经过, 整所房子都震. 2 (cause sth to) resound or quiver with rapid slight variations of pitch （使某物）振动出声或发颤音: * The strings of a piano vibrate when the keys are struck. 钢琴的琴键一弹琴弦就振动出声. * His voice vibrated with passion. 他激动得声音发颤. * The trilled `r' is produced by vibrating the tongue against the upper teeth. 发带颤音的r, 舌抬向上齿颤动而成. 派生： vibrator[-tE(r); -tl] n device that vibrates or causes vibrations, esp one used in massage 振动装置; 震动器; （尤指）颤动按摩器. vibratory[-tEri; - -tC:ri; -tCri] adj [attrib 作定语] (fml 文) vibrating or causing vibrations 振动的; 颤动的; 产生振动的: * a vibratory massage 颤动按摩.

vibration
[vai'breiFn; vai'breFEn] n 1 [U, C] vibrating movement or sensation 振动; 颤动: * Even at full speed the ship's engines cause very little vibration. 这条船即使全速前进, 发动机的震动也很小. 2 [C] (physics 物) single movement to and fro when equilibrium has been disturbed （偏离平衡位置的）一次往复振动: * Middle C is equivalent to 256 vibrations per second. 中央C音相当於每秒钟振动256次. 3 vibrations (infml 口) (also sl 俚语作 vibes) [pl] mood or mental influence produced by a particular person, thing, place, etc （由某人、 事物、 地方等引起的）感触, 感受.

vibrato
[vi'bra:tEu; vi'brato] n [U, C] (pl ~s) (music 音) throbbing or tremulous effect in singing or on a stringed or wind instrument, consisting of rapid slight variations in pitch （演唱的或管弦乐器演奏产生的）颤音效果, 颤音. Cf 参看 tremolo.

viburnum
[vai'bE:nEm; vai'bEnEm] n any of various types of shrub, usu with white flowers 荚 _148_61951 迷属（灌木, 通常开白花）.

vicar
[5vikE(r); 5vikl] n (in the Church of England) clergyman in charge of a parish where tithes formerly belonged to another person or an institution （英国国教的）牧区牧师. Cf 参看 curate, minister1 3, priest, rector. 派生： vicarage[5vikEridV; 5vikEridV] n house of a vicar 牧区牧师的住宅. 复合： ,Vicar of `Christ title sometimes given to the Pope 有时作教皇的称号.

vicarious
[vi'keEriEs; - vai'k-; vai'keriEs] adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] 1 felt or experienced indirectly, by sharing imaginatively in the feelings, activities, etc of another person 设身处地的; 间接感受到的; 有同感的: * vicarious pleasure, satisfaction, etc 间接得到的乐趣、 满足感等 * He got a vicarious thrill out of watching his son score the winning goal. 他看着儿子射入一球获胜, 也感到同样兴奋. 2 done, felt or experienced by one person on behalf of another 代别人做的、 感受的或经历的: * vicarious punishment, suffering, etc 代人受的惩罚、 苦难等. > vicariously adv.

vice
1[vais; vais] n 1 (a) [U] evil or unprincipled conduct; wickedness 邪恶; 恶劣行径; 缺德行为: * vice and corruption in the Secret Service 特工部门的邪恶与腐败现象. (b) [C] particular form of this 邪恶的或不道德的行为或现象: * Greed is a terrible vice. 贪得无厌是可鄙的行为. Cf 参看 virtue 1. 2 [C] (infml or joc 口或谑) fault or bad habit; weakness 缺点; 坏习惯; 坏毛病: * Sherry is one of my little vices! 我有个毛病, 就是好喝雪利酒! 3 [U] criminal or immoral behaviour, eg gambling,drug-trafficking, pornography, prostitution 罪恶行径, 不道德的行为（如赌博、 贩毒、 色情勾当、 卖淫）: * [attrib 作定语] `vice squads, ie groups of police who try to prevent this 警方取缔赌博、 贩毒、 色情活动的行动队 * Detectives smash London vice ring, eg in a newspaper headline. 警探侦破伦敦黄赌毒团伙（如报刊标题）. 4 (idm 习语) a den of iniquity/vice => den.

vice versa
[7vaisi 'vE:sE; 7vaisi 'vEsE] the other way round; with the terms or conditions reversed 反之亦然; 反过来情况也一样: * ,We gossip about `them and ,vice `versa, ie they gossip about us. 我们议论他们, 他们也议论我们.

viceroy
[5vaisrCi; 5vaisrCi] n person governing a colony, province, etc as the deputy of a sovereign （国王任命统治殖民地、 自治领等的）总督. 派生： viceregal/vais'ri:gl; vais'rigl] adj of a viceroy 总督的. vicereine[5vaisrein; 5vaisren] n wife of a viceroy; female viceroy 总督夫人; 女总督.

vicinity
[vi'sinEti; vE'sinEti] n (idm 习语) in the vicinity (of sth) (fml 文) in the surrounding district; in the neighbourhood 在周围地区; 在附近: * There isn't a good school in the (immediate) vicinity. 附近没有好学校. * crowds gathering in the vicinity of Trafalgar Square聚集在特拉法尔加广场周围的人群 * (fig 比喻) a population in the vicinity of (ie of approximately) 100000 10万左右的人口.

vicious
[5viFEs; 5viFEs] adj 1 acting or done with evil intentions; spiteful 有恶意的; 恶毒的: * Vicious thugs attacked an elderly man. 歹徒们袭击了一个老大爷. * a vicious kick, look, remark 恶狠狠的一踢、 样子、 言语. 2 given up to vice1(3); depraved 邪恶的; 为非作歹的; 道德败坏的; 堕落的: * a vicious life 堕落的生活 * vicious practices, habits, etc 恶行、 恶习. 3 (of animals) savage and dangerous （指动物）凶猛而危险的. 4 (infml 口) violent or severe 剧烈的; 严重的: * a vicious wind, headache, flu-virus 极厉害的大风、 头痛、 流感病毒. 5 (idm 习语) a vicious `circle state of affairs in which a cause produces an effect which itself produces the original cause, so continuing the whole process 恶性循环: * I need experience to get a job but without a job I can't get experience it's a vicious circle. 我得有经验才能找到工作, 可是没有工作我就无法获得经验--这真是个恶性循环. a vicious `spiral continuous rise in one thing (eg prices) caused by a continuous rise in sth else (eg wages) 恶性螺旋形上升（如工资不断增加, 造成物价不断上涨）. > viciously adv. viciousness n [U].

vicissitude
[vi'sisitju:d; - -tu:d; vE'sisE7tud] n (usu pl 通常作复数) (fml 文) change in one's circumstances,esp for the worse （个人境况的）改变, （尤指）变坏: * battlingagainst the vicissitudes of life 在每况愈下的生活中奋斗.

victim
[5viktim; 5viktim] n 1 person, animal or thing thatis injured, killed or destroyed as the result of carelessness,crime or misfortune 被伤害、 杀害或毁灭的人、 动物或事物: * Many pets are victims of overfeeding. 有许多宠物因喂食过量而遭殃. * murder, rape victims 谋杀案、 强奸案的受害人 * earthquake, accident, strike victims 地震、 事故、 罢工事件的受难者 * (fig 比喻) He is the victim of his own success, eg because overwork has made him ill. 他成了自己成就的牺牲品（如积劳成疾）. 2 (fig 比喻) person who is tricked or fooled 受骗者; 遭愚弄的人: * the victim of a hoax, practical joke, conspiracy, etc 在骗局、 恶作剧、 阴谋等中上当的人. 3 living creature killed and offered as a religious sacrifice 为祭祀而宰杀的动物; 牺牲: * a sacrificial victim 动物祭品. 4 (idm 习语) fall victim (to sth) be overcome (by sth); succumb (to sth) 被（某事物）降伏; 屈服（於某事物）: * He soon fell victim to her charms. 他很快就让她的魅力给迷住了.

victimize, victimise
[5viktimaiz; 5viktim7aiz] v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth) 1 blame or punish sb unfairly for actions that others have carried out 责怪或处罚某人不当（使之受冤或代人受过）: * Union leaders claimed that somemembers had been victimized (eg by being dismissed) for taking part in the strike. 工会领袖声称有些会员参加罢工竟遭资方惩处（如遭解雇）. 2 harm sb or make sb suffer unfairly; bully sb 不正当地使某人受损害或受苦难; 欺侮某人: * The fat boy was victimized by his classmates.那个胖小子挨同学欺侮了. > victimization, -isation/ 9vIktImaI5zeIFn; US -mI5z-; 9vIktImE`zeFEn/ n [U]: * The strikersagreed to return to work provided there would be no victimization of their leaders. 罢工工人同意复工, 条件是不得惩处他们的领导人.

victor
[5viktE(r); 5viktl] n (fml 文) winner of a battle, contest, game, etc 胜利者; 获胜者: * emerge the victors 产生胜利者.

Victoria Cross
[vik7tC:riE 'krCs; - 'krC:s; vik7tCriE 'krCs] (abbr 缩写 VC) (Brit) the highest military award for bravery 维多利亚十字勋章: * Private Jones was awarded the Victoria Cross (for his gallantry). 二等兵琼斯（因勇敢）被授予维多利亚十字勋章.

Victorian
[vik'tC:riEn; vik'tCriEn] adj 1 of, living in or dating from the reign of Queen Victoria (1837-1901) 维多利亚女王时代（1837-1901）的; 生活於维多利亚时代的; 始於维多利亚时代的: * Victorian novels, poets, houses 维多利亚女王时代的小说、 诗人、 房屋. 2 having the qualities and outlook attributed to middle-class people in Britain in the nineteenth century 有十九世纪英国中产阶级的品性及观点的: * Victorian attitudes to sexual morality, ie ones stressing self-control, family loyalty, etc 维多利亚时代的性道德观（强调克己、 忠於家庭等） * Victorian values, eg thrift, sobriety, hard work 维多利亚时代的价值观念和社会准则（如节俭、 自制、 勤勉）. 派生： Victorian n person living in the reign of Queen Victoria 维多利亚时代的人.

victual
[5vitl; 5vitl] v (-ll-; US also -l-) [Tn] supply (sth) with food and stores 给（某部门）供应食物及储备: * victuala ship 给一艘船供应食物及储备. 派生： victualler (US also victualer)[5vitlE(r); 5vitll] n trader or business supplying food and stores 食物及补给品的供应商或业务: * (Brit fml 文) a licensed victualler, ie a public house keeper who sells food, spirits, beer, etc to be consumed on the premises 领有执照的酒店店主（出售食品、 烈酒、 啤酒等供顾客在店堂内享用）. victuals n [pl] (dated 旧) food and drink; provisions 食物及饮料; 粮食.

vicuna
[vi'kju:nE; - vai'ku:njE; vai'kunjE] n 1 [C] S American animal, related to the llama, with fine silky wool 骆马（产於南美, 与亚美利加驼有亲缘关系, 毛细而有光）. 2 [U] (cloth made from the) wool of thisanimal 骆马毛绒（的料子）: * [attrib 作定语] vicuna jackets骆马绒短上衣.

vide
[5videi, 'vaidi:; 5vi7de, 'vaidi] v [Tn] (Latin fml 拉, 文) (used only in the imperative 仅用於祈使句) see or refer to (a passage in a book, etc) 见, 参看（书等的某段落）. Cf 参看 infra.

video
[5vidiEu; 5vidi7o] n (pl ~s) 1 [U] recording or broadcasting of moving pictures, as distinct from sound, by using television 电视; 电视录像; 电视广播: * video in schools, ie as a teaching aid 教学用电视 * amateur, commercial video 业馀、 商业电视 * The bank robbery was recorded on video. 抢劫银行的情况有录像记录. * [attrib 作定语] video frequencies 视频 * The satellite provides a video link between the White House and the Kremlin. 该卫星提供了在白宫和克里姆林宫之间进行电视通讯联系的渠道. 2 [C] (a) (cassette or disc containing a) recording or broadcast made by using video 录像; 录像带; 录像盘: * watching, making, showing,etc videos 观看、 制作、 放映...录像 * The firm produceda short promotional video. 这家公司制作了短小的广告录像带. * [attrib 作定语] video shops, libraries 录像带商店、 资料室. (b) [C] = video cassette recorder. 派生： video v (pres p videoing)[Tn] record (moving pictures) on videotape or videodisc 录制（影像）: video a TV programme 录下电视节目. 复合： ,video ca`ssette recorder (also video, `video recorder) (abbr 缩写 VCR) device which, when linked to a television, can record and show programmes, etc on videotape or videodisc 录像机. `videodisc n [U, C] plastic disc used, like videotape, to record moving pictures and sound 录像盘; 影碟. `video game game played using a home computer, etc in which the player controls images on a TV screen 电视游戏. ,video `nasty (infml 口) video film showing offensive scenes of sex and violence 表现性行为和暴力场面的不 堪入目的电视片. `videotape n [U, C] magnetic tape used for recording moving pictures and sound 录像（磁）带. `videotape v [Tn] = video v.

vie
[vai; vai] v (pt, pp vied/vaid; vaid] , pres p vying/ 5vaIIN; `vaIIN/) [Ipr] ~ with sb (for sth/to do sth); ~ for sth (fml 文) compete keenly with sb (for sth); rival sb for sth 与某人（为某事物）激烈竞争; 与某人争夺某事物: * old rivals vying (with each other) for first place （彼此）争夺第一名的老对手 * Businesses vied with each other to attract customers. 各商行互相竞争以招揽顾客.

view
1[vju:; vju] n 1 [U] state of seeing or being seen from a particular place; field of vision 观看; 看; 视野; 视场; 眼界: * The lake came into view/We came in view of the lake as we turned the corner. 我们转过弯就看见那个湖了. * The sun disappeared from view behind a cloud./A cloud hid the sun from view. 太阳被云遮住看不见了.[浮云遮住了太阳.] * She was soon lost from view amongthe crowd. 她很快就在人群中消失了. * The man in front was obstructing my view of the pitch. 有前面那个人挡着, 我看不见球赛. 2 [C] what can be seen from a particular place, esp fine natural scenery 从某处看到的东西; （尤指）自然美景, 风景: * enjoying the magnificent views from the summit, over the mountains 在群山之颠欣赏那壮丽的景色 * 10 different views of London, eg on picture postcards 伦敦十景（如明信片上印的） * [sing] You'll get a better view of the pianist if you stand up. 你站起来, 就能更清楚地看到那位钢琴家. 3 (also viewing)[C] (opportunity for a) special visual inspection of eg a film or an art exhibition （一次）观看（如影片或展览）: * We had a private view of the jewels before the public auction. 那些珠宝公开拍卖以前我们私下看了预展.4 [C esp pl 尤作复数] ~ (about/on sth) personal opinion or attitude; thought or observation (on a subject) （个人的）意见, 态度; （对某问题的）想法, 见解: * have, hold, express, air strong political views 有、 持、 表达、 发表强硬的政治观点 * oppose, support sb's extreme views 反对、 支持某人过激的看法 * What are your views on her resignation? 你对她辞职有什麽想法? * We fell in with (ie agreed with) the committee's views. 我们同意委员会的意见. 5 [sing] way of understanding or interpretinga subject, series of events, etc; mental impression （理解或解释某问题的）方式, 方法; 印象: * The scientific, legal, medical, etc view is that... 科学的、 法律上的、 医学上的...解释是...

view1
* a highly controversial view of modern art 对现代艺术极有争议的理解方法 * take a realistic, favourable, pessimistic, etc view of the problem 对该问题有实际的、 好的、 悲观的...印象 * This book gives readers an inside view of (ie an insight into) MI5. 这本书向读者揭示了英国安全局的内幕. 6 (idm 习语) a bird's eye view => bird. have, etc sth in `view (fml 文) have, etc sth as a clear idea, intention, plan, etc in the mind 头脑中对某事物有清楚的概念、 打算、 计画等: * What the President has in view is a world without nuclear weapons. 总统考虑的是要建立一个没有核武器的世界. * Keep your career aims constantly in view. 要时刻牢记自己在事业上的奋斗目标. in full view => full. in `my, etc view (fml 文) in my, etc opinion 依我...之见. in view of sth taking sth into account; considering sth 鉴於; 由於; 考虑到: * In view of the weather, we will cancel the outing. 因天气关系, 我们要取消此次郊游. on `view being shown or exhibited 陈列着; 展览着: * Our entire range of cars is now on view at your local showroom. 我们各种型号的汽车现正在贵区陈列室里展出. a point of view => point1. take a dim, poor, serious, etc `view of sb/sth regard sb/sth unfavourably, seriously, etc 不喜欢、 重视...某人[某事物]: * (infml 口) He took a dim view of me/my suggestion. 他认为我[我的建议]很蠢. take the long view => long1. with a view to doing sth (fml 文) with the intention or hope of doing sth 有做某事的打算或希望: * He is decorating the house with a view to selling it. 他正在装修这所房子, 想把它卖了. 复合： `viewfinder n device on a camera showing the area that will be photographed through the lens （照相机的）取景器. =>illus at camera 见camera插图. `viewpoint n = point of view (point).

vigil
[5vidVil; 5vidVEl] n 1 [U, C] (action or period of) staying awake, esp at night, to keep watch or to pray 保持清醒（尤指夜间）; 不眠（时刻）; 守夜; 夜间祷告: * tired out by long nightly vigils at her son's bedside （她）夜里长时间守护在儿子床前而疲惫不堪 * hold a candle-light vigil for peace 为和平而举行烛光祈祷. 2 eve of a religious festival, esp one observed by fasting 宗教节日的前夕（尤指斋戒的）: * the Easter vigil 复活节前夕.

vigilant
[5vidVilEnt; 5vidVElEnt] adj (fml 文) looking out for possible danger, trouble, etc; watchful or alert 警惕的; 警戒的; 警觉的: * under the vigilant eye of the examiner 在检查员警惕的目光下. > vigilance[-Ens; -Ens] n [U]: * exercise constant, perpetual, etc vigilance 时刻、 永远...保持警惕 * Police vigilance was eventually rewarded,eg when an arrest was made. 警方时时警戒终有所获（如逮捕了罪犯）. vigilantly adv.

vigilante
[7vidVi'lAnti; 7vidVE'lAnti] n (esp derog 尤作贬义) member of a self-appointed group of people who try to prevent crime and disorder in a community （自发组织的）治安团体的成员.

vignette
[vi'njet; vin'jet] n 1 (a) illustration, esp on the title-page of a book, but not in a definite border （无框线的）小插图（尤指书籍扉页上的）. (b) photograph or drawing, esp of a person's head and shoulders, with the background gradually shaded off 晕映照, 晕映画像（尤指半身的）. 2 (fig 比喻) short written description of sth, a person's character, etc （描述某事物、 某人品性的）短文, 简介: * charming vignettes of Edwardian life 描写爱德华时代生活的精妙短文.

vigour
(US vigor)[5vigE(r); 5vigl] n [U] (a) physical strength or energy; vitality 体力; 精力; 活力: * At 40, he was in his prime and full of vigour. 他40岁时正年富力强. * work with renewed vigour and enthusiasm 以更加充沛的精力和热情工作. (b) forcefulness of thought, language, style, etc （思想、 语言、 风格等的）力量, 气势: * withstand the vigour of her protest, defence, attack, etc 抵挡住她进行抗议、 抗辩、 攻击等的气势 * music, poetry, etc of tremendous vigour 气势磅的音乐、 诗歌等. =>Usage at strength 用法见strength. 派生： vigorous[5vigErEs; 5vigErEs] adj (a) strong, active or energetic 强壮的; 积极的; 有力的: * avoid vigorousexercise, exertion, etc 避免强度大的锻炼、 劳动等 * vigoroussupporters of human rights 积极拥护人权运动的人. (b) using forceful language, etc 语言犀利的: * vigorous debate, criticism, opposition, etc 有力的争辩、 批评、 反对等 * the poem's vigorous rhythms 这首诗铿锵的韵律. vigorously adv: * shake sb's hand vigorously 用力握某人的手 * argue vigorously in support of sth 为某事物奋力争辩.

Viking
[5vaikiN; 5vaikiN] n (in the 8th to 10th centuries) Scandinavian warrior and pirate who settled in parts of N and W Europe, including Britain （8至10世纪的）北欧海盗（斯堪的那维亚武士, 活动於北欧与西欧部分地区, 包括英国）: * [attrib 作定语] Viking raiders 北欧海盗船.

vile
[vail; vail] adj (-r, -st) 1 extremely disgusting 非常 讨厌的; 可憎的: * a vile smell, taste, etc 令人厌恶的气味、 味道等 * use vile language 使用卑劣的语言. 2 despicable on moral grounds; corrupt 卑鄙的; 可耻的; 邪恶的; 不道德的: * vile deceits, accusations, slanders, etc 可耻的欺骗、 指控、 诽谤等 * Bribery is a vile practice. 贿赂是卑鄙的行径. 3 (infml 口) extremely bad 极坏的: * vile weather 恶劣的天气 * be in a vile temper, mood, humour, etc 脾气、 心情、 情绪等很坏. > vilely[5vailli;'vailli] adv. vileness n [U].

vilify
[5vilifai; 5vilE7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) [Tn] (fml 文) say evil or insulting things about (sb); slander 污蔑, 诋毁, 中伤（某人）; 诽谤: * She was vilified by the press for her controversial views. 因她持有异议, 新闻界对她横加挞伐. > vilification[7vilifi'keiFn; 7vilEfE'keFEn] n [U, C].

villa
[5vilE; 5vilE] n 1 (Brit) (usu as part of an address 通常作住址的一部分) large detached or semi-detached house in a suburban or residential district （城郊或住宅区的）单独的或部分相连的住宅, 别墅: * No 3 Albert Villas 艾伯特别墅3号. 2 house for holiday-makers at the seaside, in the countryside, etc （海滨、 郊野等的）度假居所, 假日别墅: * rented villas in Spain 在西班牙的出租的度假别墅. 3 country house with a large garden, esp in S Europe 乡村有大花园的住宅（尤指欧洲南部的）: * the Villa d'Este, ie in Italy 代斯泰花园住宅（意大利的）. 4 (in Roman times) country house or farm with an estate attached to it （古罗马时代的）附有地产的乡间宅第或庄园.

village
[5vilidV; 5vilidV] n 1 (a) [C] group of houses, shops, etc, usu with a church and situated in a country district 村庄, 乡村（通常设有教堂）: * [attrib 作定语] the village school, fete, church 乡村学校、 义卖会、 教堂. (b) [Gp] community of people who live there 村民（总称）: * The whole village knew about the scandal. 全村人都知道那件丑事了. Cf 参看 hamlet, town. 2 [C] (US) smallestunit of local government 村（最小的地方行政单位）. 派生： villager[5vilidVE(r); 5vilidVl] n person who lives in a village 在乡村住的人.

villain
[5vilEn; 5vilEn] n 1 (a) person guilty or capable of great wickedness 恶棍; 歹徒; 坏人. (b) (Brit sl 俚) (used esp by the police 尤为警方用语) criminal 罪犯. (c) (infml 口) mischievous rogue or rascal 淘气鬼; 坏蛋: * Get off my bike, you little villain! 别动我的自行车, 你这个小淘气! 2 (in a story, play, etc) character whose evil actions or motives are important to the plot （小说、 戏剧等中的）反面人物, 反派角色, 坏人. Cf 参看 hero. 3 (idm 习语) the `villain of the piece (esp joc 尤作戏谑语) person or thing responsible for some trouble, damage, etc 惹祸的、 为害的...人或事物: * A faulty fuse was the villain of the piece. 毛病就出在保险丝上. 派生： villainous[5vilEnEs; 5vilEnEs] adj 1 characteristic of a villain; wicked 恶棍似的; 邪恶的: * a villainous plot, smile 邪恶的阴谋、 狰狞的笑. 2 (infml 口) extremely bad 极坏的: * villainous handwriting, weather 糟糕的笔迹、 天气. villainously adv. villainy n [U, C] (fml 文) (act of) wickedness 邪恶（行为）: capable of great villainy/villainies 能干出极坏的事.

villein
[5vilein; 5vil7en] n (in medieval Europe) feudal tenant of land who was entirely subject to his lord （欧洲中世纪的）农奴（完全附属於封建领主的）. 派生： villeinage[5vilinidV; 5vilEnidV] n [U] state of being a villein 农奴的身分或地位.

vim
[vim; vim] n [U] (dated infml 旧, 口) energy orvigour 力量; 活力; 精力: * full of vim 精力充沛 * Put morevim into your acting! 你演出时要活泼些!

vinaigrette
[7vini'gret; 7vinE'gret] n [U, C] (also ,vinaigrette `sauce) salad dressing made from vinegar and oil, flavoured with herbs 香醋沙司（由醋和油制成、 以香料调味的色拉调料）.

vindicate
[5vindikeit; 5vindE7ket] v [Tn] (fml 文) 1 clear (sb/sth) of blame or suspicion 澄清（某人[某事物]）受到的责难或嫌疑: * The report fully vindicated the unions. 这份报告充分说明工会是正确的. * I consider that I've been completely vindicated. 我认为已经证实了我完全无辜. 2 show or prove the truth, justice, validity, etc (of sth that has been disputed) 表明或证明（所争辩的事物）属实、 正当、 有效等: * Subsequent events vindicatedhis suspicions. 後来的事实表明他的怀疑有道理. * Her claim to the title was vindicated by historians. 她说她有权得到这一头衔, 历史学家证明此事属实. 派生： vindication[7vindi'keiFn; 7vindE'keFEn] n (fml 文) (a) [U] vindicating or being vindicated （对所受到的责难或嫌疑的）澄清; 证实: * speak in vindication of one's conduct 澄清自己的行为所受到的怀疑 * the vindication of her claim 她称有权得到的事物之业经证实. (b) [C] instance of this （对所受到的责难或嫌疑的）澄清; 证实: * The result was a vindication of all our efforts. 这一结果表明我们的一切努力是必要的.

vindictive
[vin'diktiv; vin'diktiv] adj having or showing a desire for revenge; unforgiving 怀有或显示报复心的; 不宽恕的: * vindictive people, acts, urges, comments 企图报复的人们、 行为、 心情、 评语. > vindictively adv. vindictiveness n [U]: * He withheld the letter out of sheer vindictiveness. 他扣下那封信纯粹是出於报复心理.

vine
[vain; vain] n 1 climbing or trailing plant with a woody stem whose fruit is the grape 葡萄藤: * [attrib 作定语] `vine-grower 种葡萄的人 * `vine leaves 葡萄叶. 2 any plant with slender stems that trails (eg melons) or climbs (eg peas or hops) 蔓生植物（如瓜藤）; 攀缘植物（如豌豆、 蛇麻草）.

vinegar
[5vinigE(r); 5vinigl] n [U] sour liquid made from malt, wine, cider, etc by fermentation and used for flavouring food and for pickling 醋. 派生： vinegary[5vinigEri; 5vinigEri] adj 1 of or like vinegar in smell or taste 醋的; 酸的; 有醋的气味或味道的. 2 (fig 比喻) sour-tempered; peevish 尖酸的; 刻薄的; 乖戾的.

vineyard
[5vinjEd; 5vinjEd] n plantation of grape-vines, esp for wine-making 葡萄园（尤指为酿酒而种植的）.

vingtetun
[7vAntei'E:n; 7vAn7te'En] n [U] (French 法) = pontoon2.

vino
[5vi:nEu; 5vino] n [U] (infml joc 口, 谑) wine 葡萄酒; 果酒.

vinous
[5vainEs; 5vainEs] adj (fml or joc 文或谑) of, like or due to wine （似）葡萄酒的; （似）果酒的; 由葡萄酒或其他果酒引起的: * a vinous flavour 葡萄酒的味 * sunk in a vinous stupor 酩酊大醉.

vintage
[5vintidV; 5vintidV] n 1 (a) [C usu sing 通常作单数] (period or season of) gathering grapes for wine-making 收获葡萄酿酒（的期间或季节）: * The vintage was later than usual. 那次葡萄采收期比平常年份晚. (b) [C, U] (wine made from the) season's harvest of grapes 一个收获季节采得的葡萄（所酿制的酒）: * The claret was (of) a rare vintage, ie (of) a year when the grapes produced a claret of high quality. 这一年份的法国波尔多红葡萄酒是稀有的好酒（为所收葡萄质量好的年份酿造的）. * 1959 was an excellent vintage. 1959年产的葡萄酒质量好. * What vintage (ie year) is this wine? 这种酒是哪一年酿造的? * [attrib 作定语] vintage claret, port, etc 某年酿制的法国波尔多葡萄酒、 葡萄牙波尔图葡萄酒等 * a vintage year for champagne 酿制香槟酒的好年成. 2 [attrib 作定语] (a) (fig 比喻) characteristic of a period in the past; classic 有过去某一时期特徵的; 经典的; 优秀的; 第一流的: * vintage jokes 传统的笑话 * vintage science fiction of the 1950's 典型的20世纪50年代的科幻小说. (b) (Brit) (of a car) made between 1917 and 1930 （指汽车）1917年到1930年之间制造的: * vintage Fords 1917年到1930年制造的福特汽车. Cf 参看 veteran car (veteran). 3 [attrib 作定语] (infml 口)(used before proper nouns 用於专有名词前) representingthe best work of (a particular person); typical （某人）的最佳代表作的; 典型的: * This film is vintage Chaplin. 这部影片是卓别麟的最佳代表作.

vintner
[5vintnE(r); 5vintnl] n (dated 旧) wine-merchant葡萄酒商.

vinyl
[5vainl; 5vainl] n [U, C] (any of various types of) tough flexible plastic, esp PVC, used for making raincoats, records, book covers, etc 乙烯基塑料（尤指聚氯乙烯）.

viola
1[vi'EulE; vi'olE] n stringed musical instrument played with a bow, of larger size than a violin 中提琴. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xi.

violate
[5vaiEleit; 5vaiE7let] v [Tn] 1 break or be contrary to (a rule, principle, treaty, etc) 违反, 违背（规则、 原则、 条约等）: * violate an agreement, oath, etc 违背 协议、 誓言等 * These findings appear to violate the laws of physics. 这些研究结果似乎有违物理定律. 2 treat (a sacred place) with irreverence or disrespect 亵渎（神圣的场所）: * violate a tomb, shrine, etc 亵渎陵墓、 圣地等.3 (fig 比喻) disturb or interfere with (personal freedom,etc) 干扰, 侵犯（个人自由等）: * violate the peace, eg by making a noise 扰乱宁静的环境（如弄出噪声） * violate sb's privacy, right to free speech, etc 侵犯某人的私生活、 言论自由等. 4 (fml or euph 文或婉) rape (a woman or girl) 强奸（某女子）. 派生： violation[7vaiE'leiFn; 7vaiE'leFEn] n (a) [U] violatingor being violated 违反; 违背; 亵渎; 干扰; 侵犯; 强奸: * act in open/flagrant violation of a treaty 公然地[明目张胆地]违反条约. (b) [C] instance of this 违反; 违背; 亵渎; 干扰; 侵犯; 强奸: * gross violations of human rights 对人权的严重侵犯. violator n.

violent
[5vaiElEnt; 5vaiElEnt] adj 1 (a) using, showing or caused by strong (esp unlawful) physical force 使用暴力的, 显示暴力的, 暴力引起的（尤指非法的）: * violent criminals, demonstrators, activists, etc 使用暴力的罪犯、 示威者、 激进分子等 * a violent attack, protest, struggle, etc 猛烈的攻击、 强烈的抗议、 激烈的斗争 * Students were involved in violent clashes with the police. 学生与警方发生了暴力冲突. * meet with/die a violent death, eg be murdered 暴力致死（如被谋杀）. (b) using, showing or caused by intense emotion 带有强烈感情的; 由强烈感情引起的: * violent passions, rages, fits, etc 狂热的激情、 暴怒、 感情的迸发 * violent language, abuse, etc 激烈的言语、 辱骂等 * in a state of violent shock 在万分震惊中 * He has a violent dislike of school. 他很讨厌上学. 2 severe or extreme 厉害的; 极度的: * violent winds, storms, earthquakes, etc 强烈的风、 风暴、 地震等 * violent toothache, pain, etc 剧烈的牙痛、 疼痛等 * a violent contrast, change, etc 强烈的对比、 巨大的变化. 派生： violence[-Ens; -Ens] n [U] 1 (a) violent conduct, esp of an unlawful kind 暴力行为（尤指非法的）; 暴行: * crimes, acts, outbreaks, etc of violence 暴力犯罪、 暴力行为、 暴力突发 * the use of violence against one's attackers 用暴力还击袭击者 * TV violence/violence on TV 电视中的暴力场面. (b) great emotional intensity; violent feeling狂热; 激情; 强烈的感情: * We expressed our views with some violence. 我们激动地亮明了观点. 2 severity or harshness 激烈; 猛烈; 厉害: * the violence of the gale, collision, outrage 大风、 碰撞、 暴行之厉害程度. 3 (idm 习语) do violence to sth (fml 文) be contrary to sth; outrage sth 违背或违反某事物: * It would do violence to his principles to eat meat. 吃肉与他的原则相违. violently adv: attack, disagree, react violently 攻击、 反对、 反应十分强烈

violent1
* The door slammed violently. 门砰的一声关上了. * He fell violently in love with her. 他深深地爱上了她.

violet
[5vaiElEt; 5vaiElEt] n 1 [C] small wild or garden plant, usu with sweet-smelling purple or white flowers 紫罗兰. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page ii. 2 [U] colour of wild violets; bluish-purple 野生紫罗兰的颜色; 蓝紫色. =>illus at spectrum 见spectrum插图. 3 (idm 习语) a shrinking violet => shrink. 派生： violet adj having the bluish-purple colour of wild violets 野生紫罗兰色的; 蓝紫色的: violet eyes 紫罗兰色的眼睛.

violin
[7vaiE'lin; 7vaiE'lin] n stringed musical instrument held under the chin and played with a bow 小提琴. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xi. 派生： violinist n.

VIP
[7vi: ai 'pi:; 7vi ai 'pi] abbr 缩写 = (infml 口) very important person 要人; 重要人物: * give sb/get (the) VIP treatment, ie special favours and privileges 给予某人[享受]重要人物的待遇 * the VIP lounge, eg at an airport, for interviews with famous people, etc 贵宾厅（如机场中的、 会见着名人士用的等）.

viper
[5vaipE(r); 5vaipl] n 1 any of various types of poisonous snake found in Africa, Asia and Europe ┹蛇（有毒, 产於非洲、 亚洲、 欧洲）. 2 (fig 比喻) spiteful and treacherous person 恶毒而奸诈的人. > viperish[5vaipEriF; 5vaipEriF] adj (fig 比喻): * have a viperish (ie malicious) tongue 用语恶毒.

virago
[vi'ra:gEu; vE'rago] n (pl ~s) (fml 文) violent and bad-tempered woman who scolds and shouts 泼妇; 悍妇.

viral
=> virus.

virgin
[5vE:dVin; 5vEdVin] n 1 [C] person, esp a girl or woman, who has never had sexual intercourse 未发生过性行为的人; （尤指）处女. 2 the (Blessed) Virgin [sing] the Virgin Mary, mother of Christ 童贞女马利亚（耶稣之母）: * [attrib 作定语] the virgin `birth, ie the doctrine that Jesus was miraculously conceived by the Virgin Mary 童贞女之子（谓耶稣由童贞女马利亚从圣灵感孕而生的信条）. 派生： virgin adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (esp approv 尤作褒义) in an original or natural condition; untouched 原始的或天然的状态的; 未经触动的: virgin snow 洁白的雪 * a jumper of pure new virgin wool 用纯新羊毛制的套头毛衣 * virgin forest, soil, ie where cultivation has never been attempted 处女林、 处女地（未经采伐、 开垦的）. virginity/vE'dVinEti; vl'dVinEti] n [U] state of being a virgin; virgin condition 童贞; 处女状态; 原始状况: * keep/lose one's virginity 保持[失去]童贞.

virginal
[5vE:dVinl; 5vEdVinl] adj (approv 褒) of orsuitable for a virgin 童贞的; 处女的; 适於处女的: * virginalinnocence 贞洁.

Virginia
[vE'dViniE; vl'dViniE] n [U] type of tobacco originally produced in the state of Virginia, USA 弗吉尼亚烟叶（原产於美国弗吉尼亚州）: * Golden Virginia 金牌弗吉尼亚烟 * [attrib 作定语] Virginia cigarettes 弗吉尼亚烟叶制成的香烟.

Virgo
[5vE:gEu; 5vEgo] n 1 [U] the sixth sign of the zodiac,the Virgin 室女宫（黄道第六宫）. =>illus at zodiac 见zodiac插图. 2 [C] (pl ~s) person born under the influence of this sign 属室女宫星座的人. > Virgoan n, adj. =>Usage at zodiac 用法见zodiac.

virile
[5virail; - 'virEl; 5virEl] adj (usu approv 通常作褒义) 1 (of men) having procreative power; sexually potent （指男子）有生殖力的, 性机能强的: * virile young males 有生殖能力的年轻男子. 2 having or showing typically masculine strength or energy 具有或显示刚强气概的: * virile pursuits such as rowing and mountaineering 划船和登山这类富刚强气概的活动 * a virile performance of Othello 奥塞罗这一角色刚强的表现. 派生： virility/vi'rilEti; vE'rilEti] n [U] 1 (of men) sexual potency （男性的）生殖力, 性机能: * a need to prove, assert, etc one's virility 需证明、 表明...自己有生殖能力. 2 typically masculine strength or energy 刚强的气概.

virology
[vaiE'rClEdVi; vai'ralEdVi] n [U] scientific study of viruses and virus diseases 病毒学. > virological/ 9vaIErE5lCdVIkl; 9vaIrE`lBdVIkEl/ adj. virologist/vaiE'rClEdVist; vai'ralEdVist] n.

virtual
[5vE:tFuEl; 5vEtFuEl] adj [attrib 作定语] being or acting as what is described, but not accepted as such in name or officially 事实上的, 实际上的, 实质上的（但未在名义上或正式获承认）: * Our deputy manager is the virtual head of the business. 我们的副经理是公司的实际负责人. * A virtual state of war exists between the two countries. 这两国间实际上处於战争状态. 派生： virtually[-tFuEli; -tFuEli] adv in every important respect; almost 在各重要方面; 事实上; 实际上; 几乎: * be virtually certain, impossible, fixed, agreed 实际上已肯定、 不可能、 已固定、 已同意 * He virtually promised me the job, ie but did not actually do so. 他已算答应把那工作交给我了（但事实上尚未这样做）. * There's virtually none left. 实际上一个都没剩.

virtue
[5vE:tFu:; 5vEtFu] n 1 (a) [U] moral goodness or excellence 美德; 道德上的优良品性: * lead a life of virtue 过高尚的生活 * (esp joc 尤作戏谑语) a paragon of virtue 美德的典范. (b) [C] particular form of this; good habit 美德; 良好的习惯: * (saying 谚) Patience is a virtue. 忍耐是一种美德. * extol, praise, etc the virtues of thrift 颂扬、 赞美...节俭的好习惯. Cf 参看 vice1 1. 2 [C, U] the ~ (of sth/being sth/doing sth) attractive or useful quality; advantage 优点; 长处: * This seat has the virtue of being adjustable. 这种座位的好处是可以调节. * The great virtue of camping is its cheapness/is that it is cheap. 野营的一大优点是省钱. * learn the virtue(s) of keeping one's mouth shut, ie of not always saying what one thinks 要有慎言的优点. 3 [U] (fml or joc 文或谑) chastity, esp of a woman 操守; （尤指女子的）贞操, 贞节: * lose/preserve one's virtue 失去[保持]贞洁. 4 (idm 习语) by virtue of sth (fml 文) on account of or because of sth 由於或因为某事物: * He was exempt from charges by virtue of his youth/of being so young/of the fact that he was so young. 他因年幼而获得免费. make a ,virtue of ne`cessity do sth with a good grace because one has to do it anyway 做非做不可的事就痛痛快快地做: * Being short of money, I made a virtue of necessity and gave up smoking. 我因缺钱, 倒也乐得把烟戒了. a woman of easy virtue => woman. virtue is its own reward (saying 谚) behaving virtuously should give one enough satisfaction for one not to expect any further reward 做好事即乐在其中. 派生： virtuous[5vE:tFuEs; 5vEtFuEs] adj 1 having or showing moral virtue 有道德的; 品性好的; 品德高的. 2 (derog or joc 贬或谑) claiming to have or show better behaviour or higher moral principles than others; self-righteous 自命高尚的; 自以为是的: * feel virtuous at/abouthaving done the washing-up 因为刷洗了碗碟感到情操高尚. virtuously adv. virtuousness n [U].

virtuoso
[7vE:tFu'EuzEu, -'EusEu; 7vEtFu'ozo, -'oso] n(pl ~s or -si[-zi:, -si:; -zi, -si] ) 1 person who is exceptionally skilled in the techniques of a fine art, esp playing a musical instrument or singing （在某艺术方面）技艺超群的人; （尤指）演奏家, 歌唱家: * a cello, trumpet, etc virtuoso 大提琴、 小号等演奏家 * a jazz virtuoso 爵士乐演奏家 * great virtuosos of the keyboard 钢琴大师 * [attrib 作定语] virtuoso players 演奏大师. 2 [attrib 作定语] (fig 比喻) showing exceptional skill 表现卓越技巧的: * His handling of the meeting was quite a virtuoso performance. 他掌握会议可真有一套. 派生： virtuosity[7vE:tFu'CsEti; 7vEtFu'asEti] n [U] skill of a virtuoso （艺术方面的）卓越技巧: * feats, displays, etc of virtuosity 高超的技艺、 卓越技巧的展示.

virulent
[5virulEnt; 5virulEnt] adj 1 [esp attrib 尤作定语] (of a disease or poison) extremely harmful or deadly （指疾病或毒物）致命的, 剧毒的: * a virulent strain of flu 一种致命的流感. 2 (fml 文) strongly and bitterly hostile 恶意的; 仇恨的: * virulent abuse 衔恨的辱骂 * make a virulent attack on the press 恶意抨击新闻界 * a particularly virulent form of racism 不共戴天的种族主义表现. > virulence[-lEns; -lEns] n [U]. virulently adv.

virus
[5vaiErEs; 5vairEs] n (pl viruses) (a) simple organism, smaller than bacteria, and causing infectious disease 病毒; 滤过性病毒: * the flu, rabies, AIDS, etc virus 流感、 狂犬病、 艾滋病等病毒 * [attrib 作定语] attacked by, suffering from, etc a virus infection 受病毒感染. Cf 参看 microbe. (b) (infml 口) disease caused by one of these 病毒性疾病; 病毒病: * There's a/some virus going round the office, ie making people ill. 办公室里流行着一种[某种]病毒性疾病. 派生： viral[5vaiErEl; 5vairEl] adj of, like or caused by a virus （似）病毒的; 病毒引起的.

Vis
(also Visc) abbr 缩写 = Viscount (ess).

vis
a-vis

visa
[5vi:zE; 5vizE] n stamp or mark put on a passport by officials of a foreign country to show that the holder may enter, pass through or leave their country （护照的）签证: * entry/transit/exit visas 入境[过境/出境]签证 * get a Polish visa/a visa for Poland 获得波兰的签证[去波兰的签证] * renew/extend a visa, ie before it expires 续签[延长]签证. 派生： visa v (pt, pp visaed[5vi:zEd; 5vizEd] ) [Tn] mark (a passport) with a visa 在（护照上）办理签证.

visage
[5vizidV; 5vizidV] n (joc or rhet 谑或修辞) person'sface （人的）脸, 面容: * the funeral director's gloomy visage 殡仪员的悲戚面容.

viscera
[5visErE; 5visErE] n [pl] (usu 通常作 the viscera)(anatomy 解) large internal organs of the body, eg the heart, the liver and esp the intestines 内脏（如心、 肝）; （尤指）肠. 派生： visceral[5visErEl; 5visErEl] adj 1 (anatomy 解) of the viscera 内脏的. 2 (fig fml 比喻, 文) (of feelings, etc) not rational; instinctive （指情感等）非理性的, 出於本能的: * a visceral mistrust of their peace moves 对於他们争取和平的举措怀有直觉的不信任.

viscose
[5viskEuz, -Eus; 5vis7kos] n [U] (a) cellulose in a viscous state, used in the manufacture of rayon, etc 黏胶液. (b) fabric made of this 黏胶纤维织物.

viscount
[5vaikaunt; 5vaikaunt] n 1 (in Britain) noblemanranking higher than a baron but lower than an earl （英国的）子爵（高於男爵而低於伯爵）. 2 courtesy title of an earl's eldest son （对伯爵长子的尊称）子爵: * Viscount Linley 林利子爵. 派生： viscountcy[-tsi; -tsi] n title or rank of a viscount 子爵的头衔或爵位. viscountess[5vaikauntis; 5vaikauntis] n 1 viscount's wife or widow 子爵夫人或遗孀. 2 female viscount 女子爵.

viscous
[5viskEs; 5viskEs] adj (of a liquid) not pouringeasily; thick and sticky （指液体）稠的, 黏的: * viscous poolsof blood, oil, mud 一滩滩黏稠的血、 油、 泥. > viscosity/ vI5skCsEtI; vIs`kBsEtI/ n [U].

vise
(US) = vice2.

visible
[5vizEbl; 5vizEbl] adj ~ (to sb/sth) 1 that can be seen; in sight 可见的; 看得见的: * The hills were barely visible through the mist. 小山隐没在薄雾中难以看清. * This star is not visible to the naked eye. 这颗星肉眼看不见. 2 (fig 比喻) that can be noticed or ascertained; apparent 能注意到的; 能确定的; 明显的: * visible improvements, differences, changes, etc 明显的改善、 区别、 变化等 * speak with visible contempt, dismay, impatience, etc 说话中流露出轻蔑、 气馁、 不耐烦...之意. 派生： visibility[7vizE'bilEti; 7vizE'bilEti] n [U] 1 fact or state of being visible 可见性; 明显性. 2 condition of the light or weather for seeing things at a distance 可见度; 能见度: * Visibility was down to 100 metres in the fog. 大雾中能见距离已降至100米. * planes grounded because of poor/low/bad visibility 因能见度太差[低/坏]而停飞的飞机. visibly[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv noticeably 能注意到地; 明显地: * visibly offended, ill, in love 看得出受到冒犯、 生病、 在恋爱.

vision
[5viVn; 5viVEn] n 1 [U] (a) power of seeing; sight 视力; 视觉: * have perfect, poor, blurred, etc vision 视力极好、 不好、 模糊等 * The blow on the head impaired (iedamaged) his vision. 他头部受击後损害了视力. * within/outside my field of vision, ie that I can/cannot see from a certain point 在我的视野以内[以外]. (b) (fig 比喻) ability to view a subject, problem, etc imaginatively; foresight and wisdom in planning 观察力; 想像力; 远见; 洞察力: * a statesman of (great breadth of) vision （很）有远见的政治家. 2 [C] (a) dream or similar trance-like state, often associated with a religious experience 梦幻, 幻象, 幻觉, 异象（常带有宗教色彩）: * Jesus came to Paul in a vision. 耶稣在异象中向保罗显现. * I had/saw a vision of the end of the world. 我在梦幻中见到了世界末日. (b) (esp pl 尤作复数) thing seen vividly in the imagination 想像中的活生生的事物; 幻想: * the romantic visions of youth 青年人浪漫的幻想 * conjure up visions of married bliss 悬想婚姻生活的幸福情景 * I had visions of us going on strike. 我想像我们正进行罢工. 3 [C] ~ of sth (rhet 修辞) person or sight of unusualbeauty 异常漂亮的人或景象: * She was a vision of loveliness.她是个可爱的美人儿. 4 [U] what is seen on a televisionor cinema screen; picture 电视或电影上的画面; 图象: * We get good vision but poor sound on this set. 这台电视机图象清晰, 但声音不好.

visionary
[5viVEnri; - -VEneri; 5viVEn7eri] adj 1 (approv褒) having or showing foresight or wisdom 具有或显示出远见或智慧的: * visionary leaders, writers, paintings, ideals 表现出真知灼见的领袖、 作家、 画、 理想. 2 having or showing too much imagination or fancy to be practical 空想的; 不切实际的. 派生： visionary n (usu approv 通常作褒义) person who has visionary(1) ideas 有远见的人; 有智慧的人: True visionaries are often misunderstood by their own generation.真正有远见卓识的人往往招致同时代人的误解.

visit
[5vizit; 5vizit] v 1 [I, Tn] (a) go or come to see (a person, place, etc) either socially or on business or for some other purpose 去或来看（某人、 某处等）（可为社交或公事或其他目的）: * No answer -- they must be out visiting. 没有人接电话--他们准是出门了. * `visiting hours (ie when relatives and friends can see patients) at a hospital 医院里探望病人的时间 * visit a friend, dentist,fortune-teller, etc 访友、 去看牙病、 去算命 * Most tourists in London visit the British Museum. 去伦敦的游客多半要去参观不列颠博物馆. (b) go or come to see (a place, an institution, etc) in order to make an official examination or check 去或来看（某地、 某机构）（为视察或检查）: * The school inspector is visiting next week. 督学下周要来视察. * The restaurant is visited regularly by public health officers. 这个餐馆有公共卫生部门官员定期前来检查. 2 [I, Tn] stay temporarily at (a place) or with (a person) 在（某地或某人处）逗留: * We don't live here, we're just visiting. 我们不住在这里, 只是短期停留. * Owls visited the barn to rest. 猫头鹰飞落在谷仓处. * I'm going to visit my aunt for a few days. 我打算去姑妈家住几天. 3 [Ipr] ~ with sb (US infml 口) visit sb, esp for an informal talk or chat 去某人处（尤指为闲谈或聊天）: * Please stay and visit with me for a while. 请呆上一会儿跟我聊聊. =>Usage 见所附用法. 4 [Tn.pr] ~ sth on/upon sb/sth (arch 古) inflict punishment, etc on sb/sth 对某人[某事物]进行惩罚等: * visit the sins of the fathers upon the children, ie make the children suffer for their parents' failings 使子女因父母之过错而受惩罚. 派生： visit n 1 ~ (to sb/sth) (from sb/sth) act or period of visiting; temporary stay 来或去见某人或到某处访问; 参观; 游览; 逗留: It was his first visit to his wife's parents. 那是他第一次去看望岳父和岳母. * pay a visit to a friend, a doctor, a prospective customer, etc 访友、 去看病、 去见客户洽谈生意

visit1
* be, come, go on a visit to the seaside 在、 来、 去海滨游玩 * the Queen's state visit (ie made for official or political reasons) to China 女王对中国的国事访问 * regular visits from the landlord 房东经常登门. 2 (US infml 口) chat or talk 聊天; 谈话: We had a nice visit on the phone. 我们在电话里谈得很高兴. 复合： `visiting card (US `calling card) small card with one's name, address, company, etc printed on it, which one leaves with clients or social acquaintances 名片; 名刺. ,visiting pro`fessor professor who teaches for a fixed period at another (esp foreign) university or college 客座教授（在本校外的, 尤指国外的, 大专院校任教一固定阶段的教授）. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: We can visit (US visit with) or go to see someone at home or at work. 去见在家中的或在工作处的某人可以说visit（用美式英语则说visit with）, 也可说go to see. *Come/Go and stay is used in informal English for a longer visit at somebody's house *come/go and stay是口语说法, 指到某人家里呆上一段时间: Come and stay with us soon. 快来我们这里住些日子吧. * I'm hoping to go and stay with my cousin Tom over Christmas. 我希望到我表哥汤姆那儿去过圣诞节. We call on someone for an official purpose 因公事去见某人可以说call on: A representative of the company will call on you to assess the damage. 公司的代表将前往贵处评估受损失的状况. We call in on a friend for a short time, often when we are on our way to somewhere else *call in on常指在前往某处的途中顺便到友人处短暂停留: We could call in on Patrick on the way to your mother's. 我们到你母亲家去, 不妨顺路到帕特里克家串个门儿. More informally, we drop by at somebody's (house), drop in on somebody or (in US English) visit with somebody when we make a casual visit to friends or relations *drop by、 drop in on或（在美式英语中作）visit with, 这些词组更多用於口语, 指随便到亲友家作客: Let's drop in on Nick when we're in Bristol, shall we? 咱们在布里斯托尔的时候, 去看看尼克, 好吗?

visitation
[7vizi'teiFn; 7vizE'teFEn] n 1 ~ (of sb/sth) (fml 文) official visit, esp of inspection 正式访问; （尤指）视察, 巡视: * a visitation of the sick, ie made by a clergyman as part of his duties 对病人的探视（尽牧师之职）. 2 ~ (from sb/sth) (infml 口) visit, esp a prolonged or an unwelcome one 来访（尤指久呆不走或不受欢迎的）: * We had sundry visitations from the Tax Inspector. 税务检查员常来我们这里, 不胜其烦. 3 ~ (of sth) (fml 文) trouble or disaster considered as a punishment from God （视为上帝惩罚的）灾祸, 灾难: * The famine was a visitation of God for their sins. 那次 荒算是上帝对他们罪孽的惩罚.

visitor
[5vizitE(r); 5vizitl] n ~ (to sb/sth) (from sb/sth) 1 (a) one who visits a person or place 来或去见某人或到某处的人; 访问者; 参观者: * The old lady never has/gets any visitors. 从来没有人来探望这个老太太. * She was a frequent visitor to the gallery. 她经常参观这个美术馆. * visitors from the insurance company 从保险公司来的人. (b) person who stays temporarily at a place or with a person 游客; 宾客: * Rome welcomes millions of visitors each year. 罗马每年要接待数以百万计的游客. 2 migratory bird that lives in an area temporarily or at a certain season 候鸟: * summer/winter visitors to British shores 夏季[冬季]飞到英国海岸的候鸟. 复合： `visitors' book book in which visitors write their names, addresses and sometimes comments, eg at a hotel or place of public interest 来客登记簿; 来宾留言簿.

visor
[5vaizE(r); 5vaizl] n 1 moving part of a helmet, used to cover and protect the face （头盔的）面甲, 面罩: * The motor-cyclist raised/lowered his visor. 那个骑摩托车的人把面甲往上托[向下拉]. 2 (a) projecting piece of plastic, stiffened cloth, etc worn above the eyes to shield them from the sun 遮阳帽舌. (b) similar object forming the projecting front part of a cap; peak 帽舌. =>illus 见插图.

vista
[5vistE; 5vistE] n (fml 文) 1 view as seen between long rows of trees, buildings, etc 从长长的两排树木、 建 物等中间望过去的景色: * This street offers a fine vista of the cathedral. 这条街的尽头是个大教堂, 远远望去非常好看. 2 (fig 比喻) long series of scenes, events, etc that one can look back on or forward to 回顾或展望的一连串情景、 事情等: * This discovery opens up new vistas of research for biologists. 这一发现为生物学家展示了新的研究前景.

visual
[5viVuEl; 5viVuEl] adj concerned with or used in seeing 视觉的; 用於视觉的: * visual images, effects, etc 视觉图象、 效果等 * the visual arts, ie painting, cinema, theatre, etc 视觉艺术（绘画、 电影、 戏剧等） * visual humour, ie humour that depends on actions rather than words for its effect 视觉幽默（依靠动作而不依靠言语产生幽默效果） * Her designs have a strong visual appeal. 她的设计在视觉上很有感染力. * a good visual memory, ie ability to remember what one sees 良好的视觉记忆力. 派生： visualize, -ise[-aiz; -7aiz] v [Tn, Tsg, Cn.n/a] ~ sb/sth (as sth) form a mental picture of sb/sth 想像或设想某人[某事物]: * I remember meeting him but I just can't visualize him. 我记得我见过他, 可就是想不起他的样子了. * I can't visualize myself ever getting married. 我不能想像我有朝一日能结婚. * Tom visualized the house as a romantic ruin. 汤姆把那所房子想像成有传奇色彩的废墟. visualization, -isation[7viVuElai'zeiFn; - -li'z-; 7viVuEli'zeFEn] n [U]: * powers of visualization 想像力. visually[5viVuEli; 5viVuEli] adv 1 in seeing 在视觉上: * visually handicapped, ie blind or nearly blind 有视觉障碍的（瞎的或几乎瞎的）. 2 in appearance 外观上; 表面 上: * Visually, the decor was very striking. 这个房间的装饰看上去非常醒目. 复合： ,visual `aid (esp pl 尤作复数) picture, film, video, etc used as a teaching aid 直观教具. ,visual di`splay unit (abbr 缩写 VDU) device resembling a TV screen, connected to a computer, etc, on which data can be displayed from the computer or fed in, eg by a keyboard or light pen （计算机等的）视频显示器.

vital
[5vaitl; 5vaitl] adj 1 [attrib 作定语] connected with or essential to life 与生命有关的; 维持生命所必需的: * The heart performs a vital bodily function. 心脏起着维持生命的重要作用. * He was wounded in a vital part of his anatomy, eg the lungs, brain. 他身体的要害部分受了伤（如肺部、 大脑）. * (fig 比喻) The vital spark that would have brought the play to life was missing. 那出戏缺少的是可使之画龙点睛的生气. 2 ~ (to/for sth) essential to the existence, success, or operation of sth （对某事物的存在、 成功或运作）极重要的, 必不可少的: * vital information, research, legislation 极其重要的信息、 研究、 法规 * a vital clue to the killer's identity 有关杀人犯身分的重大线索 * The police perform a vital role in our society. 警察在我们的社会中起着极其重要的作用. * It is absolutely vital that the matter is kept secret. 这件事要保密, 这是至关重要的. 3 (approv 褒) energetic or lively; dynamic 精力充沛的; 有活力的; 生气勃勃的: * She's a very vital sort of person. 她是个精力旺盛的人. 派生： vitally[5vaitEli; 5vaitli] adv extremely 极端地: * vitallyimportant, necessary, etc 极其重要、 必要等 * We are vitallyconcerned to win public support. 我们对赢得公众的支持极为关注. the vitals n [pl] (dated or joc 旧或谑) important organs of the body 身体的重要器官: Fear gripped (at) my vitals. 我内心极为恐惧. * She kneed her attacker in the vitals (ie in the genitals) and ran away. 她用膝盖撞那个袭击者的要害部位（生殖器）, 然後跑掉了. 复合： ,vital sta`tistics 1 statistics relating to population figures or births, marriages and deaths 生命统计, 人口动态统计（人口数字或出生、 婚姻、 死亡的统计）. 2 (Brit infml 口) measurements of a woman's bust, waist and hips 女子叁围尺寸（胸围、 腰围、 臀围）.

vitality
[vai'tAlEti; vai'tAlEti] n [U] 1 persistent energy; liveliness or vigour 活力; 精力; 元气: * The dog was bouncing with health and vitality. 那条狗又壮实又活跃, 欢蹦乱跳的. * The ballet sparkled with vitality. 那场芭蕾舞演得生动活泼. 2 (fig 比喻) (of institutions, etc) ability to endure or continue functioning （指机构等）维持生存或继续发挥作用的能力, 生命力: * The vitality of the movement is threatened. 这个运动的生命力岌岌可危.

vitamin
[5vitEmin; - 'vait-; 5vaitEmin] n any of a numberof organic substances which are present in certain foods and are essential to the health of humans and other animals 维生素: * vitamin A, B, C, etc 维生素A、 B、 C等 * Pork is rich in vitamin B1. 猪肉里含有丰富的维生素B1. * [attrib 作定语] `vitamin pills 维生素丸 * one's daily vitamin requirements 每日所需之维生素 * Vitamin deficiency can cause illnesses, eg scurvy, rickets. 缺乏维生素能引起疾病（如坏血病、 佝偻病）. 派生： vitaminize, -ise[5vitEminaiz; - 'vait-; 5vaitEmE7naiz] v [Tn] add vitamins to (a food) 将维生素加入（食物）中.

vitiate
[5viFieit; 5viFi7et] v [Tn] (fml 文) 1 weaken or spoil the quality or efficiency of (sth) 削弱或损害（某事物）的性质或效能; 使（某物）变质; 败坏（某物）: * the vitiated atmosphere of our polluted inner cities 我们市中心区受到污染的恶浊的空气 * The serum is vitiated byexposure to the air. 血清暴露在空气中已变质. 2 weakenthe force of (sth); make ineffective 削弱（某事物）的力量; 使无效: * vitiate a claim, contract, theory 使权利要求、 合同、 理论无效. > vitiation[7viFi'eiFn; 7viFi'eFEn] n [U].

viticulture
[5vitikQltFE(r), 'vait-; 5viti7kQltFl, 'vait-] n [U] (science or practice of the) growing of grapes, esp for use in wine-making 葡萄栽培（尤指为酿酒的）; 葡萄栽培学; 葡萄栽培术.

vitreous
[5vitriEs; 5vitriEs] adj (a) having a glass-like texture or finish 有玻璃般的质地或表层的; 玻璃状的; 玻璃质的: * vitreous enamel, china, porcelain, etc 玻化搪瓷、 瓷、 瓷料等. (b) (of rocks) hard and shiny like glass （指岩石）如玻璃般坚硬光亮的.

vitrify
[5vitrifai; 5vitrE7fai] v (pt, pp -fied) [I, Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] (cause sth to) be changed into a glass-like substance, esp by heat （使某物）呈玻璃状（尤指通过加热）: * vitrified glazes, eg on ceramics 呈玻璃状的釉料（如制陶工艺的）. > vitrifaction[7vitri5fAkFn;7vitrE'fAkFEn] , vitrification[7vitrifi'keiFn; 7vitrEfE'keFEn] ns [U].

vitriol
[5vitriEl; 5vitriEl] n [U] 1 (dated 旧) sulphuric acid or any of its salts 硫酸; 硫酸盐; 矾: * blue vitriol,ie copper sulphate 胆矾（五水硫酸铜）. 2 (fig 比喻) savagely hostile comments or criticism 深怀敌意的评语或批评: * His attack on the government was pure vitriol. 他纯粹出於恶意抨击政府. 派生： vitriolic[7vitri5Clik; 7vitri5alik] adj savagely and bitterlyhostile 深怀敌意的; 恶意的: * vitriolic criticism, attacks, etc 恶意的批评、 攻击等 * We deplore the vitriolic nature of his remarks. 他言语中敌意昭彰, 我们深感遗憾.

vituperate
[vi'tju:pEreit; - vai'tu:-; vai'tupE7ret] v [I,Ipr] ~ (against sb/sth) (fml 文) use abusive languageor bitter criticism; revile sb/sth 责骂; 斥责; 辱骂某人[某事物]: * The prince vituperated against the developers for ruining London's skyline. 王子斥责土地开发商破坏了伦敦市建 物映在空中的轮廓线之美. 派生： vituperation/vi7tju:pE'reiFn; - vai7tu:-; vai7tupE'reFEn] n [U] (fml 文) abusive language or bitter criticism责骂; 斥责; 辱骂. vituperative/ vI5tju:pErEtIv; ?@ vaI5tu:pEreItIv; vaI`tupE9retIv] adj: * vituperative debate, criticism, etc 辱骂式的辩论、 批评等.

viva
[5vaivE; 5vaivE] n (Brit infml 口) = viva voce.

vivace
[vi'va:tFi; vi'vatFi] adv (music 音) (to be played, sung, etc) in a brisk lively manner （演奏、 歌唱等）轻快活泼地.

vivacious
[vi'veiFEs; vai'veFEs] adj (approv 褒) (esp of a woman) lively or high-spirited （尤指女子）活泼的, 快活的: * bubbly and vivacious blonde seeks fun-loving gent, eg as an advertisement in a `lonely hearts' column 热情活泼金发女郎徵求喜爱娱乐的男子（如报刊上徵求异性朋友专栏字样） * She gave a vivacious laugh. 她爽朗地笑了起来. > vivaciously adv. vivacity/vi'vAsEti; vai'vAsEti] (also vivaciousness) n [U].

vivid
[5vivid; 5vivid] adj 1 (of light or colour) strong and bright; intense （指光线或颜色）鲜明的, 鲜艳的, 强烈的: * a vivid flash of lightning 耀眼的闪电 * vivid green trousers 鲜绿色的裤子. 2 (of a mental faculty) creating ideas, etc in a lively or an active way （指头脑）活跃的, 富有创造性的: * a vivid memory, imagination, etc 犹新的记忆、 活跃的想像力. 3 producing strong clear pictures in the mind 在头脑中产生清晰图像的: * a vivid description, recollection, dream 生动的描述、 清晰的回忆、 清楚的梦 * The incident left a vivid impression on me. 那件事给我留下了深刻的印象. > vividly adv. vividness n [U].

viviparous
[vi'vipErEs; - vai-; vai'vipErEs] adj (biology生) (of most mammals) having offspring that develop within the mother's body, ie that do not hatch from eggs （指大多哺乳类动物）胎生的.

vivisection
[7vivi'sekFn; 7vivE'sekFEn] n (a) [U] practice of performing surgical experiments on live animals for scientific research 活体解剖: * [attrib 作定语] the anti-vivisection lobby 为反对活体解剖而游说议员的团体. (b) [C] act or instance of this 活体解剖. 派生： vivisectionist[-FEnist; -FEnist] n (a) person who performs vivisections 作活体解剖者. (b) person who considers vivisection is justifiable 主张活体解剖的人.

vixen
[5viksn; 5viksn] n 1 female fox 雌狐. 2 (esp dated 尤作旧) bad-tempered quarrelsome woman 泼妇: * a real little vixen 一个不折不扣的泼妇. > vixenish[5viksEniF; 5viksniF] adj: * her nasty, vixenish ways 她那泼妇般的凶相.

viz
[viz; viz] abbr 缩写 = (often read out as namely 通常读作namely) that is to say; in other words (Latin videlicet) 即, 就是（源自拉丁文videlicet）: * these three persons, viz landlord, lessee and tenant... 上述叁人, 即房东、 承租人、 房客.... NOTE ON USAGE 用法: The abbreviations viz, ie and eg are mostly used in formal or technical English. *viz、 ie、 eg这叁个缩略词多用於较郑重的或科技的文体中. In speech and when reading a written text aloud we usually say namely, that is (to say) and for example respectively 在讲话或读文稿时, 这叁个词分别读作namely、 that is (to say)、 for example. *Viz (or namely) is used to expand or specify what has already been said *viz（或namely）用以补充或具体说明前面已经提到的事物: There are three major advantagesof the design, viz/namely cheapness, simplicity and availability. 这种设计有叁大优点, 即价廉、 简便、 实用. * I want to talk today about a major threat facing our society, namely AIDS. 我今天要讲的是我们社会面临的一大危害, 就是艾滋病. We use ie (or that is) to explain an unclear statement or word by rephrasing it *ie（或that is）的用法是通过重新措辞来解释一个不清楚的说法或词语: He admitted being `economical with the truth' (ie lying). 他承认他‘简化了事实真相’（即说了谎）. In this dictionary we often use ie and eg after examples to give further explanation of the meaning of those examples. 在本词典中, 常在示例後用ie和eg进一步解释示例的含义.

vizier
[vi'ziE(r); vi'zir] n (esp formerly) high-ranking officials in some Muslim countries （尤指旧时）维齐（某些穆斯林国家的高级官员）: * the grand vizier, eg of the old Turkish empire 大维齐（旧时土耳其帝国的）.

vocabulary
[vE'kAbjulEri; - -leri; vE'kAbjE7leri] n 1 [C] total number of words that make up a language （一种语言的）词汇, 字汇. Cf 参看 lexicon. 2 [C, U] (body of) words known to a person or used in a particular book, subject, etc; lexis （某人掌握的或某书、 某学科等中使用的）词汇, 词汇层: * a wide, limited, colourful, etc vocabulary 宽泛的、 有限的、 丰富多彩的...词汇 * Tim has an average (level of) vocabulary for a 3-year-old. 蒂姆掌握了相当於3岁孩子的平均词汇（量）. * an active vocabulary, ie words one recognizes and can use 积极词汇（个人认识并能使用的全部的词） * a passive vocabulary, ie words one recognizes only 消极词汇（个人认识但不会使用的全部的词） * enrich, increase, extend, etc one's vocabulary 丰富、 增加、 扩大...自己的词汇量. 3 (also infml 口语作 vocab[5vEukAb;'vokAb] ) [U, C] list of words with their meanings, esp one which accompanies a textbook in a foreign language （注有释义的）词汇表（尤指外语教科书所附的）. Cf 参看 glossary.

vocal
[5vEukl; 5vokl] adj 1 [usu attrib 通常作定语] of, for or uttered by the voice 嗓音的; 适於嗓音的; 用口语表达的: * the vocal organs, ie the tongue, lips, vocal cords, etc 发音器官（舌、 唇、 声带等） * The cantata has a difficult vocal score. 这个康塔塔有个难度很大的声乐总谱. * Callas's vocal range was astonishing. 卡拉斯的音域宽得惊人. 2 expressing one's opinions or feelings freely in speech; outspoken 用言语自由表达意见或感情的; 直言的: * vocal criticism, support 坦率的批评、 支持 * We were very vocal about our rights. 我们直言不讳表达了我们应有的权利. * The protesters are a small but vocal minority. 抗议的人虽然人数少, 但却是直言的少数. 派生： vocal n (often pl 常作复数) sung part of a piece of jazz or pop music （爵士乐或流行音乐的）歌唱部分: Who was on/sang lead vocal(s) on the group's last record? 在这个乐队新出的唱片中, 领唱的是谁? vocalist[5vEukElist; 5voklist] n singer, esp in a jazz or pop group 歌手（尤指爵士乐队或流行音乐乐队的）. Cf 参看 instrumentalist (instrumental). vocally[5vEukEli; 5vokli] adv 1 in a way that uses the voice 用嗓音; 口头地. 2 freely or outspokenly 自由地; 直言地: * protest vocally 直言不讳提出抗议. 复合： ,vocal `cords voice-producing part of the larynx 声带. =>illus at throat 见throat插图.

vocalize, vocalise
[5vEukElaiz; 5vokl7aiz] v [Tn] (fml 文) say or sing (sounds or words); utter 说（话）; 唱（歌）; 发声.

vocation
[vEu'keiFn; vo'keFEn] n 1 [C] ~ (for/to sth) feeling that one is called to (and qualified for) a certain kind of work, esp social or religious （认为自己合於做某事的）使命感（尤指社会上的或宗教上的）: * vocations to the priesthood, ministry, etc 任牧师等的使命感 * have/follow one's vocation to become a nun 奉神召当修女 * Nursing is a vocation as well as a profession. 护理工作既是职业也是救死扶伤的责任. 2 [U] ~ (for sth) natural liking or aptitude for a certain type of work （对某种工作的）天生的爱好或才能: * He has little vocation for teaching. 他不是教书的材料. 3 [C usu sing 通常作单数] (fml 文) person's trade or profession 行业; 职业: * find one's true vocation (in life) 找到了（一生中）真正的职业 * You should be an actor you've missed your vocation, ie you are following the wrong career. 你应该当演员--你入错行了. 派生： vocational[-FEnl; -FEnl] adj of or concerning the qualifications, etc needed for a trade or profession （关於）某职业所需的资格的: * vocational guidance, training, etc, eg for students about to leave school 就业指导、 职业训练（如为应届中学毕业生的）.

vocative
[5vCkEtiv; 5vakEtiv] n (grammar) special form of a noun, a pronoun or an adjective used (in some inflected languages) when addressing or invoking a person or thing （某些屈折语中的）呼格; （用作呼格的）名词、 代词或形容词. 派生： vocative adj of or in the vocative 呼格的; 呼格形式的.

vociferate
[vE'sifEreit; - vEu-; vo'sifE7ret] v [I, Tn] (fml 文) say (sth) loudly or noisily; shout 大声地或吵嚷地说（话）; 叫喊. 派生： vociferous/vE'sifErEs; - vEu-; vo'sifErEs] adj loudor noisy; expressing one's views forcibly and insistently大声的; 嘈杂的; 强行或坚持表达自己观点的: * vociferouscomplaints, protests, etc 大声疾呼的抱怨、 抗议等 * a vociferous group of demonstrators 一批喧嚣的示威者. vociferously adv.

vodka
[5vCdkE; 5vadkE] n (a) [U] strong alcoholic drink distilled from rye and other vegetable products, made esp in Russia 伏特加（烈酒, 尤指俄国产的）. (b) [C] glass or drink of this 一杯或一份伏特加: * a vodka and lime 一杯酸橙伏特加.

vogue
[vEug; vog] n [C esp sing 尤作单数] 1 ~ (for sth) current or prevailing fashion 流行的或盛行的式样: * a new vogue for low-heeled shoes 低跟鞋新潮流. 2 popular favour or acceptance 风行; 流行: * His novels had a great vogue ten years ago. 他的小说十年前风靡一时. 3(idm 习语) be ,all the `vogue (infml 口) be fashionableor popular everywhere 到处流行或受欢迎. be in/comeinto `vogue be/become fashionable or popular 流行[流行起来]: * Short hair came back into vogue about ten years ago. 大约十年前短发又开始流行起来了. 复合： `vogue-word n word that is currently fashionable 时髦的词: `Accountability' is the current vogue-word in politics.‘有解释责任’是当前政治上的流行词. Cf 参看 buzz-word (buzz).

voice
[vCis; vCis] n 1 (a) [C] sounds formed in the larynx and uttered through the mouth, esp by a person speaking or singing 嗓音; （尤指）说话声, 歌唱声: * I can hear voices through the wall. 我听见隔着墙有说话的声音. * Keep your voice down, ie Don't speak loudly. 说话声音放低些. * recognize sb's voice 听出某人的声音 * speak in a loud, rough, husky, gentle, etc voice 大声地、 粗声地、 声音嘶哑地、 柔声地...说话 * He has a good singing voice, ie can sing well. 他唱起歌来声音很好听. * raise/lower one's voice, ie speak more loudly/softly 提高[降低]嗓门 * His voice has broken, ie become deep like a man's. 他的嗓音变粗了（变低沉, 像成年人的了）. * Her voice shook/trembled with emotion. 她激动得声音发颤. (b) [U] ability to produce such sounds （人嗓子的）发声能力: * commands given in a firm tone of voice 用坚定的语调下达的命令. 2 (fig 比喻) (a) [U, sing] ~ (in sth) (right to express one's) opinion, etc in spoken or written words; influence （口头的或书面的）意见等; 发言权; 发表意见的权利; 影响: * have little, some, no, a voice in the matter 对这件事没有什麽、 有一些、 没有、有意见 * The workers want a voice in management decisions.工人要求在管理决策上有发言权. (b) [sing] means by which such an opinion, etc is expressed 表达意见等的方式或手段: * listen to the voice of reason, experience, dissent 听取理由、 经历、 不同政见 * Our newspaper represents the voice of the people. 我们的报纸代表着人民的心声. 3 [sing] (grammar) contrast between a sentence in which the doer of the action is subject (active) and one in which the person or thing affected is subject (passive) （动词的）语态: * in the active/passive voice 用主动[被动]语态. 4 [U] (phonetics 语音) sound produced by vibration of the vocal cords and not with breath alone, used in the pronunciation of vowel sounds and certain consonants, eg / b, d, z/ 浊音, 有声音（发音时声带震动的, 如元音及某些辅音如/ b/、 /d/、 /z/）.

voice1
5 (idm 习语) at the top of one's voice => top1. find/lose one's voice/tongue => find1. give voice to sth (fml 文) express (feelings, worries, etc) 表露（感情、 忧虑等）: * give voice to one's indignation, dismay, concern, etc 表现出愤慨、 沮丧、 关心等. have, etc an edge to one's voice => edge1. in good, poor, etc `voice singing or speaking as well as usual, worse than usual, etc （唱歌或说话时）声音和平时一样好、 不如平时等: * The bass soloist was in excellent voice. 这个男低音独唱演员这次唱出了高水平. like, etc the sound of one's own voice => sound2. make one's `voice heard express one's feelings, opinions, etc in such a way that they are noticed or acted on （为使他人注意或采取行动）表达感情、 意见等: * This programme gives ordinary viewers a chance to make their voice(s) heard. 这个节目给普通观众提供了一个发表意见的机会. raise one's voice against sb/sth => raise. the still small voice => still1. with ,one `voice (fml 文) unanimously 异口同声地; 一致地: * With one voice, the workers voted to strike. 工人投票一致要求罢工. 派生： voice v [Tn] 1 express (feelings, etc) in words 用言语表达（情感等）: A spokesman voiced the workers'dissatisfaction. 发言人表示了工人的不满情绪. 2 (phonetics语音) utter (a sound) with voice (4) 发（浊音）: voiced consonants, eg / d, v, z/ 浊辅音（如/ d/、 /v/、 /z/）. -voiced (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having a voice of the specified kind 有某种嗓音的: loud-voiced 嗓门大的 * gruff-voiced 声音粗哑的. voiceless adj (phonetics 语音) (of a sound) uttered without voice(4) （指语音）清音的: The consonants t, f and s are voiceless. t、 f、 s这叁个辅音是清辅音. 复合： `voice-box n = larynx. `voice-over n narration (eg in a film) by a speaker who is not seen 解说, 画外音（如电影的）.

void
[vCid; vCid] n (usu sing 通常作单数) (fml or rhet 文或修辞) empty space; vacuum 空间; 真空: * the blue void we call the sky 我们称之为天空的蔚蓝色空间 * (fig 比喻) an aching void left by the death of her child 她孩子死後留下的痛苦的空虚感. 派生： void adj (fml 文) 1 empty; vacant 空的; 空着的; 空虚的. 2 [pred 作表语] ~ of sth without sth; lacking sth 没有某事物; 缺乏某事物: Her face was void of all interest. 她面部表情显得对什麽都不感兴趣. Cf 参看 devoid. 3 (idm 习语) null and void => null. void v [Tn] 1 (law 律) make (sth) not legally binding 使（某物）无效的. 2 (fml 文) empty the contents of (one's bowels or bladder) 排泄, 排放（大便或小便）.

voile
[vCil; vCil] n [U] thin semi-transparent material ofcotton, wool or silk 巴里纱（由棉、 毛或丝织成, 半透明）.

vol
abbr 缩写 = 1 (pl vols) volume: an edition in 3 vols 叁卷本的版本 * Complete Works of Byron Vol 2 《拜伦全集》第2卷. 2 volume: vol 125ml, eg on a container 容量125毫升（如容器上的标记）.

volcano
[vCl'keinEu; val'keno] n (pl ~es) mountain or hill with an opening or openings through which lava, cinders, gases, etc come up from below the earth's surface (an active volcano), may come up after an interval (a dormant volcano), or have ceased to come up (an extinct volcano) 火山（an active volcano为活火山, a dormant volcano为休眠火山, an extinct volcano为死火山）. =>illus 见插图. 派生： volcanic/vCl'kAnik; val'kAnik] adj [esp attrib 尤作定语] of, from or like a volcano （似）火山的; 来自火山的: * volcanic eruptions, gases, etc 火山的喷发、 气体等 * (fig 比喻) The French Revolution was a volcanic upheavalin European history. 法国大革命是欧洲历史上的火山爆发.

vole
[vEul; vol] n small animal resembling a rat or mouse and living in hedgerows, river-banks, etc 田鼠: * a `water-vole, ie a large water-rat 水鼠. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page iii.

volition
[vE'liFn; - vEu-; vo'liFEn] n (fml 文) 1 [U] act of using one's will in choosing, making a decision, etc （按自己的意愿做出的）选择、 决定等. 2 (idm 习语) of one's own vo`lition without being forced; voluntarily出於本人意愿; 自愿地: * She left entirely of her own volition.她完全是自愿离开的. > volitional[-FEnl; -FEnl] adj: * a volitional act 自愿的行动.

volley
[5vCli; 5vali] n 1 (a) simultaneous throwing or firing of a number of stones, bullets, etc （石块、 子弹等的）齐投, 齐射: * Police fired a volley (ie of plastic bullets) over the heads of the crowd. 警察朝人群上方射出一排（塑料）子弹. (b) stones, bullets, etc thrown or fired in this way （齐投或齐射出的）石块、 子弹等: * He was hit by a volley of snowballs. 他让一齐投来的雪球给击中了. Cf 参看 salvo. 2 (fig 比喻) number of questions, insults, etc directed at sb together or in quick succession （质问、 辱骂等的）齐发, 连发: * He let out a volley of oaths. 他像发连珠炮似的破口大骂. 3 (in tennis, football, etc) shot or stroke in which the ball is hit before it touches the ground （网球、 足球等的）截击空中球, 凌空对打, 空中传（踢）: * a forehand/backhand/overhead volley, ie in tennis正手[反手/头顶]截击（网球的） * play, return, miss, etc an opponent's volley 打、 回击、 没接住...对手截击过来的球 * kick a ball on the volley 踢凌空球. 派生： volley v 1 [I] fire (guns) in a volley （枪或炮）齐发. 2 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] (in tennis, football, etc) hit (a ball) before it touches the ground （网球等）截击（空中球）; （足球）截踢（凌空球）: He volleyed (the ball) into the net/across the court. 他凌空一脚把球踢入球门[把球截击到球场的另一边]. 复合： `volley-ball n game in which opposing teams of players hit a ball backwards and forwards over a high net with their hands without letting it touch the ground on their own side 排球运动; 排球（赛）.

volt
[vEult; volt] n (abbr 缩写 v) unit of electrical force, defined as the force needed to carry one ampere of current against one ohm of resistance 伏（特）（电压单位）. 派生： voltage[5vEultidV; 5voltidV] n [U, C] electrical force measured in volts 电压; 伏特数: * high/low voltage 高[低]压 * check the voltage of an appliance against the supply, ie before connecting it 检查电器的额定电压与电源是否相符（然後再接通）.

volte
face

voluble
[5vCljubl; 5valjEbl] adj (fml esp derog 文, 尤作贬义) (a) (of a person) speaking a lot; talkative （指人）喋喋不休的, 爱说话的. (b) (of speech) quick, easy or fluent; glib （指说话）快的, 流畅的, 流利的: * voluble protests, excuses, etc 振振有词的抗议、 辩解等. > volubility/ 9vCljU5bIlEtI; 9vBljE`bIlEtI/ n [U]. volubly[5vCljubli; 5valjEbli] adv.

volume
[5vClju:m; - -jEm; 5valjEm] n 1 [C] book, esp one of a matching set or a series 书; （尤指一套或丛书中的）册, 本, 卷, 集: * an encyclopedia in 20 volumes 一套有20册的百科全书 * Volume 2 of Shaw's Complete Works is missing. 《萧伯纳全集》的第2卷不见了. * (fml 文) a library of over 12000 volumes 藏书超过12000册的图书馆. 2 [U, C] amount of space (often expressed in cubic units) that a substance occupies; cubic capacity of a container 体积; 容积; 容量: * The liquid was 5 litres in volume. 该液体的体积为5升. * The jars hold different volumes of liquid/have different volumes. 这些罐子可盛的液体多少不等[容量不同]. =>App 4 见附录4. =>illus 见插图. Cf 参看 area 1. 3 (a) [U] large amount or quantity of sth 大量; 许多; 数量: * the sheer volume of business, work, mail, etc 大量的业务、 工作、 邮件等 * The volume of protest rose/fell. 抗议事件已增加[减少]. (b) [C usu pl 通常作复数] rounded mass of steam, etc （蒸气等的）圆团: * Volumes of black smoke poured fromthe chimney. 烟囱里冒出来团团黑烟. 4 [U] (a) strengthor power of sound 音量; 响度: * The TV was on at full volume. 电视机音量已开到了最大了. * The music doubled in volume. 音乐的声音加大了一倍. * [attrib 作定语] a volume control 音量控制装置. (b) switch on a radio, etc for adjusting this 音量调节器: * turn the volume up/down 把音量调大[小]. 5 (idm 习语) speak volumes => speak.

voluminous
[vE'lu:minEs; vE'lumEnEs] adj (fml or joc 文或谑) 1 (of clothing etc) using much material; loose-fitting or ample （指衣物）用料多的, 宽松的, 肥大的: * wrapped in the voluminous folds of a blanket 裹在大毯子的摺层里 * voluminous skirts, petticoats, etc, eg as worn by a Victorian lady 宽松的裙子、 衬裙等（如维多利亚时代女士穿的）. 2 (of writing) great in quantity; abundant （指文字）大量的, 浩瀚的: * voluminous correspondence 大量的信件 * the voluminous works of Dickens, ie fillingmany books 狄更斯的卷帙浩繁的着作. > voluminouslyadv: * writing voluminously in one's diary 记了大量日记.

voluntary
1[5vClEntri; - -teri; 5valEn7teri] adj 1 acting,done or given willingly 自愿的; 自动的; 主动的: * The prisonermade a voluntary statement. 那个犯人主动地做了供述. * Attendance is purely voluntary. 这次出席纯粹是自愿的. * Charities rely on voluntary donations/contributions. 慈善事业依靠自愿捐赠. * The firm went into voluntary liquidation. 那家商号自动停业清算债务. 2 working, done or maintained without payment 志愿的; 无偿的; 义务的: * voluntary helpers, eg at a fete, bazaar, etc 志愿的帮手（如在义卖会、 义卖场等） * She does voluntary social work. 她从事义务社会工作. * The organization is run on a voluntary basis. 这个组织是由志愿人员管理的. * a voluntary service, institution, centre, etc 义务性的服务、 机构、 中心等. 3 (of bodily or muscular movements) controlled by the will （指身体活动或肌肉运动）由意志控制的, 随意的. Cf 参看 involuntary. 派生： voluntarily[5vClEntrEli; - 7vClEn'terEli; 7valEn'terEli] adv 1 without compulsion; willingly 自愿地; 自动地; 主动地. 2 without payment; free of charge 志愿地; 无偿地; 义务地.

volunteer
[7vClEn'tiE(r); 7valEn'tir] n 1 ~ (for sth/to do sth) person who offers to do sth without being compelled or paid 自愿的或无偿的效劳的人; 志愿者: * volunteers for the post of treasurer 自愿任财务工作的人 * volunteers to run the Christmas show 自愿操办圣诞节表演的人 * Few volunteers came forward. 没什麽自告奋勇的人. * [attrib 作定语] volunteer social workers 志愿的社会工作人员 * volunteer groups 志愿小组. 2 person who joins the armed forces voluntarily 志愿兵; 义勇兵: * [attrib 作定语] volunteer troops, forces, etc 志愿部队、 志愿军. Cf 参看 conscript n. 派生： volunteer v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Tt] ~ (sth) (forsth) give or offer (one's help, a suggestion, etc) willingly or without being paid 自愿地或无偿地给予或提供（帮助、 建议等）: She volunteered (her services) for relief work. 她自愿参加救济工作. * `Tim's busy but I'll come,’ he volunteered. ‘蒂姆很忙, 我来吧,’他主动说道. * volunteer information, advice, financial support 自愿提供情况、 意见、 资助 * I volunteered to act as chauffeur. 我自愿充当汽车司机. 2 [I, Ipr, It] ~ (for sth) join the forces as a volunteer 当志愿兵: volunteer for military service/to join the army 自愿服役[参军].

voluptuary
[vE'lQptFuEri; - -ueri; vE'lQptFu7eri] n (fml esp derog 文, 尤作贬义) person who seeks and enjoys luxury and sensual pleasure 骄奢淫逸的人.

voluptuous
[vE'lQptFuEs; vE'lQptFuEs] adj 1 (a) giving a feeling of luxury or sensual pleasure 给人奢华或感官享受的: * voluptuous thoughts, caresses, smiles 刺激感官的想法、 抚摸、 微笑 * the voluptuous enjoyment of a hot bath 热水浴的舒适享受. (b) (esp derog 尤作贬义) devoted to such pleasure 耽於奢华或感官享受的: * voluptuous tastes, indulgences, urges, etc 骄奢淫逸的兴味、 放纵、 欲望等. 2 (approv 褒) (of a woman) having a full and sexually desirable figure （指女子）体态丰满的: * voluptuous breasts, hips, curves 丰满的乳房、 臀部、 曲线 * Renoir's voluptuous nudes 雷诺阿作的体态丰满的裸体画. > voluptuously adv. voluptuousnessn [U].

volute
[vE'lu:t; vE'lut] n 1 (architecture 建) spiral scroll-shaped ornamentation, esp at the top of Ionic columns 螺旋饰; 涡卷饰物; （尤指爱奥尼亚式柱头上的）盘蜗. 2 (biology 生) (any of the curves on a) spirally-coiled shell 涡螺壳; （螺壳上的）螺环. 派生： voluted adj decorated with or having volutes 有螺旋饰的; 螺旋形的; 有盘蜗的: a voluted sea-shell 螺旋形的海贝.

vomit
[5vCmit; 5vamit] v 1 [I, Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) eject (food, etc from the stomach) through the mouth; be sick 呕吐（食物等）; 恶心: * the noise of vomiting 呕吐声 * The mixture of drinks made me vomit. 我喝了混合饮料後呕吐起来. * vomit blood 吐血 * He vomited (up) all he had eaten. 他把吃下去的东西全吐了出来. =>Usage at sick 用法见sick. 2 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (out/forth) (fig 比喻) (of a volcano, etc) eject sth violently （指火山等）喷出某物: * factory chimneys vomiting (forth) smoke 正在冒烟的工厂烟囱. 派生： vomit n [U] food, etc from the stomach that has been vomited 从胃中吐出的食物等: choke to death on one's own vomit 呕吐的东西堵在喉咙里憋得要死.

voodoo
[5vu:du:; 5vudu] (also voodooism) n [U] form of religion based on belief in witchcraft and magical rites, practised by blacks in the W Indies, esp in Haiti 伏都教（西印度群岛黑人中的宗教, 崇奉巫术及魔法, 尤指海地的）.

voracious
[vE'reiFEs; vE'reFEs] adj 1 very greedy in eating; ravenous 贪吃的; 极饿的: * a voracious eater 贪吃的人 * a voracious appetite, hunger 极大的胃口、 极饿. 2 (fig 比喻) very eager for knowledge, information, etc （对知识、 信息等）渴求的: * a voracious reader 求知欲强的读者 * voracious seekers after truth 如饥似渴探求真理的人. > voraciously adv. voracity/vE'rAsEti; vE'rAsEti] n [U].

vortex
[5vC:teks; 5vCrteks] n (pl 复数作 ~es or, in scientific use, 科技用语复数作 -tices[-tisi:z; -ti7siz] ) 1 [C] whirling mass of water, air, etc, as in a whirlpool or whirlwind （水、 空气等的）涡流, 涡旋, 旋涡, 旋风. 2 [sing] (fig 比喻) social group, profession, etc seen as sth that swallows those who approach it; whirl of activity可将周围的人卷入的社会集团、 职业等; 活动的旋涡: * drawn helplessly into the vortex of society, party politics, etc 不由自主卷入社会、 党派斗争等的旋涡里.

votary
[5vEutEri; 5votEri] n ~ (of sb/sth) (fml 文) person who dedicates himself to sth, esp religious workand service 献身者（尤指对宗教事务的）: * votaries of peace,disarmament, etc 致力於和平、 裁军等的人 * (joc 谑) votaries of golf 高尔夫球迷.

vote
[vEut; vot] n 1 [C] ~ (for/against sb/sth); ~ (on sth) formal expression of one's opinion or choice eg by ballot or show of hands 表决（如投票或举手表决）: * cast/record one's vote 投票 * take/hold a vote on the motion 对这项动议进行表决 * settle, decide, resolve, etc the matter by a vote 以表决方式解决、 决定、 解决...此事 * a majority/minority vote 多数[少数]票 * counting, sorting, checking the votes, ie papers on which votes are recorded 计算、 整理、 核对选票 * postal votes 邮寄的选票 * The Tory candidate received/polled 8000 votes. 保守党候选人获8000选票. * The measure was passed/defeated by 9 votes to 6. 该议案以9票赞成6票反对获得通过[以9票反对6票赞成被否定]. * The vote went against him/against accepting the plan. 经过表决他失败了[该方案否决了]. * a vote of confidence/censure, ie one showing the support/lack of support of the majority of voters 信任票[不信任票]. 2 the vote [sing] votes given by or for a certain group, eg at a political election 投票总数, 得票总数（如政治性选举）: * attempts to win the teenage, immigrant, Scottish, etc vote 争取青少年的、 移民的、 苏格兰人的...选票的努力 * increase/decrease the Tory vote by 5% 使保守党票数增加[减少]5% * split the vote, eg between rival opposition parties so that the government is re-elected 拉平选票（如在敌对党之间以致重选政府） * The Socialists got 35% of the vote. 社会党人获得35%的选票. 3 the vote [sing] right to vote, esp in political elections; franchise 投票权, 选举权（尤指政治选举中的）; 公民权: * UK nationals get the vote at 18. 英国国民18岁始有选举权. 4 (idm 习语) put sth to the `vote decide (an issue, etc) by asking for votes 将（问题等）付诸表决. a ,vote of `thanks speech asking an audience to show their appreciation, esp by clapping 要求大家表示感谢的讲话（尤指请大家鼓掌）:

vote1
* propose a vote of thanks 提议鼓掌致谢. 派生： vote v 1 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tt] ~ (for/against sb/sth); ~ (on sth) formally express an opinion or choice by vote 以表决方式表明观点或选择: vote by ballot, proxy, post 无记名、 由代理人、 以邮寄方式投票 * 20 delegates voted for/against the motion. 有20名代表投票赞成[反对]这个动议. * If we cannot agree, let's vote on it. 咱们意见要是不一致就表决吧. * Vote (for) Smith/Labour on polling day! 请在投票日投史密斯[工党]的票! * I voted `No' in the referendum. 我在全民投票时投了反对票. * We voted to continue the strike. 我们投票决定继续罢工. 2 [Cn.n] elect (sb) to a position of authority by a majority of votes 选出（某人）（担任某职）: I was voted chairman. 我当选为主席. 3 [Dn.n] grant (a sum of money, etc) by voting 表决通过拨给（款项等）: MPs have just voted themselves a pay rise. 下议院议员刚投票决定为他们自己增加薪水. * The hospital was voted 100000 for research. 经表决拨给该医院100000英镑研究经费. 4 [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Cn.a, Cn.n] (infml 口) declare (sth) to be good, bad, etc by general consent （根据大家的意见）认为（某事物）好、 不好等: The show was voted a success. 大家一致认为表演很成功. 5 [Tf no passive 不用於被动语态] (infml 口) suggest or propose (sth) 建议, 提议（某事物）: I vote (that) we stay here. 我建议我们留在这里. 6 (phr v) vote sb/sth down reject or defeat sb/sth by voting 投票击败某人[某事物]; 否决某事物. vote sb in/out/on/off; vote sb into/out of/onto/off sth elect sb to, or reject sb from, a position of authority 选出某人任某职[免去某人某职]: vote the Liberals in 投票选出自由党人任职 * She was voted out of office/off the board. 经投票免去她的职务[董事职务]. vote sth through approve or bring into force (a proposal, etc) by voting 表决通过（提案等）: Parliament voted the bill through without a debate. 国会未经辩论就投票通过了这项法案.

vote2
voter n person who votes or has the right to vote, esp in a political election 投票人, 选举人, 表决者（尤指政治性选举的）: floating, marginal, tactical, etc voters 无党派的、 意向不明的、 有策略的...投票人.

votive
[5vEutiv; 5votiv] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] presented (esp in church) to fulfil a promise made to God 向上帝还愿的（尤指在教堂内）: * votive offerings, candles, etc 还愿的奉献物、 蜡烛等.

vouch
[vautF; vautF] v [Ipr] 1 ~ for sb/sth take responsibility for or express confidence in (a person, his behaviour, etc); guarantee 为（某人、 其行为等）担保或作证; 保证: * I can vouch for him/his honesty. 我可以为他[他的诚实]作担保. 2 ~ for sth confirm (a claim, etc) by producing evidence or drawing on one's own experience（提供证据或现身说法）确定（某权利要求等）: * Experts vouch for the painting's authenticity. 由专家确认该画是否为真迹.

voucher
[5vautFE(r); 5vautFl] n 1 (Brit) document, showing that money has been paid or promised, which can be exchanged for certain goods or services （代替现金的）凭单, 凭证, 代金券: * `gift vouchers, ie offered as presents and later exchanged at the store for goods 礼券 * special discount vouchers 优惠券 * luncheon vouchers, ie tokens supplied by some employers, exchangeable for food at restaurants which have agreed to accept them 午餐代用券. 2 document showing that money has been paid for goods, etc received; receipt 收据; 收条.

vouchsafe
[vautF'seif; vautF'sef] v [Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) (dated or fml 旧或文) grant sth (to sb) as a gift or privilege 将某事物赐予或给予（某人）（作为礼物或特权）: * be vouchsafed a vision of the future 有先见之明 * vouchsafe to him certain official secrets 让他知悉官方某些秘密.

vow
[vau; vau] n solemn promise or undertaking, esp of a religious nature 誓, 誓约, 誓言（尤指宗教的）: * recite/pronounce/renew one's `marriage vows 念[发出/重复]自己的婚誓 * keep/break a solemn vow 履行[违反]庄严的誓约 * take a vow of silence, secrecy, etc 立誓保持沉默、 保守秘密等 * Nuns are under vows of poverty, chastity and obedience. 修女须立誓保持清贫、 贞洁、 顺从. 派生： vow v [Tn, Tf, Tt] make a vow about (sth); swear, promise or declare solemnly 就（某事物）起誓; 立誓; 发誓: They vowed revenge on their enemies. 他们发誓要向敌人报仇. * He vowed (that) he would lose weight. 他立誓要减轻体重. * She vowed never to speak to him again. 她发誓再也不跟他说话了.

vowel
[5vauEl; 5vauEl] n (a) speech-sound made without audible stopping of the breath by the tongue, lips, etc 元音: * [attrib 作定语] a vowel system 元音系统. (b) letter or letters used to represent such a sound, eg a, e, i, o, u, ee, oa 元音字母. Cf 参看 consonant1.

vox populi
[7vCks 'pCpjulai; 7vaks'papjElai] (Latin 拉) (also infml 口语作 vox pop[7vCks 'pCp; 7vaks 'pap] ) public opinion or popular belief, esp as expressed in short media interviews with ordinary people on matters of interest 舆论（尤指经传媒片断表达的）.

voyage
[5vCiidV; 5vCiidV] n long journey, esp by sea or in space 航行; （尤指）航海, 航天: * on the outward/homeward voyage 在出航[返航]途中 * make a voyage across the Atlantic 作横越大西洋的航行 * go on a voyage from Mombasa to Goa 由蒙巴萨航行前往果阿 * the voyages of Sinbad the Sailor 水手辛伯达的几次航行. =>Usage at journey 用法见journey. 派生： voyage v [I, Ipr] (fml 文) go on a voyage; travel 航行; 航海; 航天飞行: voyaging across the Indian Ocean,through space 作穿越印度洋的航行、 航天飞行. voyager/ 5vRIIdVE(r); `vRIIdVL/ n (dated 旧) person making a voyage, esp to unknown parts of the world by sea 航行 者; 航海者; 航天者; （尤指）航海探险家: [attrib 作定语] the Voyager 2 spacecraft 旅行者2号宇宙飞船.

voyeur
[vCi'E:(r); vCi'E] n person who gets pleasure from watching in secret others undressing or engaging in sexual activities 窥阴癖者（秘密窥视他人脱衣或性行为而获快感的人）. 派生： voyeurism/vCi'E:rizEm; vCi'ErizEm] n [U] state orpractice of being a voyeur 窥阴癖. voyeuristic[7vwa:jE'ristik; 7vwajEr'istik] adj: * voyeuristic pleasures, pursuits, etc 窥阴者的乐趣、 嗜好等.

VP
(also V Pres) abbr 缩写 = Vice-President.

vs
abbr 缩写 = versus.

VSO
[7vi: es 'Eu; 7vi es 'o] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Voluntary Service Overseas (a scheme for people to work in developing countries) 海外志愿服务（为在发展中国家志愿工作的人员制定的计画）: * do VSO 从事海外志愿服务工作.

VTOL
[ 9vi: ti: EU 5el or, in informal use, 俗读作 5vi:tCl; 9vi ti o `Zl, `vi 9tRl] abbr 缩写 = (of aircraft) vertical take-off and landing （指飞机）垂直起降: * a VTOL jet 垂直起降喷气机 * fly VTOLs 驾驶垂直起降飞机. Cf 参看 STOL.

vulcanite
[5vQlkEnait; 5vQlkEn7ait] n [U] hard black vulcanized rubber 硬质橡胶; 硬橡皮. 派生： vulcanize, -ise[5vQlkEnaiz; 5vQlkEn7aiz] v [Tn] treat(rubber, etc) with sulphur, etc at great heat to make itstronger and more elastic 硫化（橡胶等）. vulcanization,-isation[7vQlkEnai'zeiFn; - -ni'z-; 7vQlkEnE'zeFEn] n [U].

vulgar
[5vQlgE(r); 5vQlgl] adj 1 lacking in good taste or refinement 粗俗的; 庸俗的: * a vulgar display of wealth 对财富庸俗的炫耀 * dressed in cheap and vulgar finery 穿着廉价而俗气的华丽衣服 * a loud and vulgar laugh 粗俗的大笑. 2 likely to offend many people; rude orobscene 易触犯众人的; 粗野的; 下流的: * a vulgar gesture,suggestion, joke 下流的手势、 示意、 笑话. 派生： vulgarism[5vQlgErizEm; 5vQlgl7izEm] n rude or obsceneword or phrase 粗俗的词语: * `Arse' is a vulgarism for the buttocks. arse是用以指臀部的粗俗词. vulgarity/vQl'gArEti; vQl'gArEti] n (a) [C usu pl 通常作复数] rude or obscene act or expression 粗鄙下流的举动; 粗话; 下流话. (b) [U] state of being vulgar 粗俗; 庸俗; 下流: * the vulgarity of his tastes, clothes, manners 他情趣的低级、 服装之俗不可耐、 举止之粗俗. vulgarize, -ise[5vQlgEraiz; 5vQlgE7raiz] v [Tn] 1 cause (a person, his manners, etc) to become vulgar 使（某人、举止等）粗俗或俗气. 2 spoil (sth) by making it too ordinary or well known; popularize 使（某事物）俗气、 庸俗化或通俗化; 普及. vulgarization, -isation/ 9vQlgEraI5zeIFn; US -rI5z-; 9vQl^ErE`zeFEn/ n [U, C]. vulgarly adv 1 in a tasteless, unrefined or offensive manner 庸俗地; 粗俗地; 无礼地. 2 (dated or fml 旧或文) commonly or popularly 一般地; 通俗地: The Devil is vulgarly referred to as `Old Nick'. 魔鬼俗称Old Nick. 复合： ,vulgar `fraction (also simple fraction) fraction represented by numbers above and below a line (eg, ) 普通分数. =>App 4 见附录4. Cf 参看 decimal n.

Vulgate
[5vQlgeit; 5vQlget] n the Vulgate [sing] Latin version of the Bible made in the 4th century and preferred by the RC Church 拉丁通行本《圣经》（第4世纪译成的天主教会钦定文本）.

vulnerable
[5vQlnErEbl; 5vQlnErEbl] adj ~ (to sth/sb) 1 that can be hurt, wounded or injured 能受伤害的: * Young birds are very vulnerable to predators. 幼小的鸟易受食肉动物伤害. * Cyclists are more vulnerable than motorists. 骑自行车的人比开汽车的人容易受伤. * (fig 比喻) His wife's death left him feeling vulnerable and depressed. 他妻子去世後他感到六神无主十分消沉. 2 (fig 比喻) exposed to danger or attack; unprotected 暴露於危险面前的; 易受攻击的; 无防御的: * vulnerable to abuse, blackmail, criticism 易受凌辱、 敲诈、 批评 * a vulnerable point in NATO's defences 北大西洋公约组织防御中的薄弱之处 * The election defeat puts the party leader in a vulnerable position. 该党落选後其领导人的地位岌岌可危. > vulnerability[7vQlnErE'bilEti; 7vQlnErE'bilEti] n [U]. vulnerably[-Ebli; -Ebli] adv.

vulpine
[5vQlpain; 5vQlpain] adj (fml 文) of or like a fox （似）狐狸的: * vulpine cunning, stealth, etc 狐狸般的狡猾、 鬼祟等 * sharp vulpine features 很像狐狸般的长相.

vulture
[5vQltFE(r); 5vQltFl] n 1 large bird, usu with head and neck almost bare of feathers, that lives on the flesh of dead animals 秃鹫. 2 (fig 比喻) greedy person seeking profits from the misfortunes of others 乘他人之危谋利的人: * vultures round the bedside of the dying millionaire 围拢在垂危的百万富翁床边的贪心人.

vulva
[5vQlvE; 5vQlvE] n (pl 复数作 ~s or, in scientific use, 科技用语复数作 vulvae[5vQlvi:; 5vQlvi] ) (anatomy 解) external opening of the female genitals 外阴; 女阴.

vv
abbr 缩写 = verses.

vying
pres p of vie.

WAC
(also Wac)[ 9dQblju: eI 5si: or, in informal use, 俗读作 wk; 9dQbljJ e `si, wAk] abbr 缩写 = (US) Women's Army Corps 陆军妇女队: * join the Wacs 参加陆军妇女队.

wacky
[5wAki; 5wAki] adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口 esp US) eccentric or crazy; zany 古怪的; 疯癫的; 滑稽可笑的: * a wacky comedian 滑稽的喜剧演员.

wad
[wCd; wad] n 1 lump or bundle of soft material used for keeping things apart or in place, or to block a hole, etc 块状软物, 填料（作隔离、 固定或填塞等用的）: * The noise was so loud that she put wads of cotton wool in her ears. 噪声很大, 她用棉花团把耳朵堵上了. 2 quantity of documents or banknotes folded, rolled or held together（文件或钞票的）卷, 沓, 捆: * He pulled a wad of 10 notes out of his pocket. 他从衣袋里掏出一沓面额10英镑的钱. 3 (Brit sl 俚) bun or sandwich 圆面包; 叁明治: * a cup of tea and a wad 一杯茶和一个圆面包. 派生： wad v (-dd-) [Tn] 1 (a) fix (sth) in place with a wad, esp to protect it （用软物）固定（某物）（尤指为起保护作用的）. (b) stuff (sth) with a wad （用软物）填塞（某物）. 2 line (a garment, etc) with soft material (esp cotton or wool) 用软物（尤指棉或毛）絮（衣服等）: a wadded dressing-gown, jacket, quilt 棉的晨袍、 棉上衣、 棉被. wadding[5wCdiN; 5wadiN] n [U] soft material, usu cotton or wool, used for padding or lining garments, etc or protecting things when packing them 软物, 填料（通常指棉或毛, 用以絮衣物或作包装衬物）.

waddle
[5wCdl; 5wadl] v [I, Ipr, Ip] (often derog 常作贬义) walk with short steps and a swaying movement, as a duck does 摇摆地行走（如鸭子般）: * A short plump woman came waddling along the pavement. 有个矮胖女子一摇一摆地沿人行道走来. =>Usage at shuffle 用法见shuffle. 派生： waddle n [sing] waddling way of walking 摇摇摆摆的行走; 蹒跚的步态: walk with a waddle 一摇一摆地走路.

wade
[weid; wed] v 1 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip] walk with an effort (through water, mud or anything that makes walking difficult) 费力地走、 涉或 （过水、 泥地等）: * I can't wade in these boots. 我穿着这双靴子没法 水. * There's no bridge; we'll have to wade across (the stream). 没有桥, 我们得 过（小河）去. * The angler waded (out) into the middle of the river. 钓鱼的人 水到河中央去了. * They had to wade knee-deep through mud and debris to reach the victims. 他们须通过齐膝的烂泥和堆积物, 磕磕绊绊来到遇难者身旁. Cf 参看 paddle2 1. (b) [Tn] cross (a stream, etc) by wading 过（小河等）: * Can we wade the brook? 我们能 过这条小河吗? 2 (phr v) wade in (infml 口) start doing sth (esp sth difficult) with energy and determination 坚决努力着手做某事（尤指困难的事）: * The job has to be done, so let's wade in immediately. 这件工作非做不可, 咱们说干就干吧. wade into sb/sth attack sb/sth vigorously 猛烈攻击某人[某事物]: * She waded straight into her critics with her opening remarks. 她在开场白里单刀直入抨击了批评她的人. wade through sth read sth that is long or difficult to read, without interest or enjoyment 费力地阅读冗长或艰深的材料（无兴致或乐趣）: * wading through page after page of boring statistics 吃力地一页页看着乏味的统计数字. 派生： wader n 1 [C] = wading bird. 2 waders [pl] angler's high waterproof boots worn when wading （钓鱼人涉水时穿的）长筒防水靴: a pair of waders 一双长筒防水靴. 复合： `wading bird any of several types of long-legged water-bird that wade (contrasted with web-footed birds that swim) 涉禽.

wadi
[5wCdi; 5wadi] n (in the Middle East and N Africa) rocky watercourse that is dry except after heavy rain （中东和北非的）多岩石的乾涸河床（仅大雨後有水）.

WAF
(also Waf)[ 9dQblju: eI 5ef or, in informal use, 俗读作 wf; 9dQbljJ e `Zf, wAf] abbr 缩写 = (US) Women in the Air Force 空军妇女队: * join the Wafs 参加空军妇女队.

wafer
[5weifE(r); 5wefl] n 1 very thin crisp sweet biscuit 威佛饼乾（薄而脆的甜饼乾）: * an ice-cream wafer, ie for eating with ice-cream 冰激凌威佛饼乾（与冰激凌同吃的）. 2 small round piece of unleavened bread used in Holy Communion 圣饼（用作圣餐的小圆饼）. 3 small round piece of red paper stuck on the back of a document instead of a seal, to show that it is official 封缄纸（红色圆纸片, 贴在文件背面代替封印）. 复合： ,wafer-`thin adj very thin 极薄的: ,wafer-thin `sandwiches极薄的叁明治 * a ,wafer-thin majority 微弱的多数.

waffle
1[5wCfl; 5wafl] n small crisp cake made of cooked batter with a pattern of squares on it, often eaten with syrup 瓦夫饼（蛋奶小脆饼, 上有方形图案, 常与糖浆同吃）. 复合： `waffle-iron n utensil with two shallow metal pans, usu hinged together, in which waffles are cooked 烘瓦夫饼的铁模.

waft
[wCft; - wAft; wAft] v [Ipr, Ip, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (cause sth to) be carried lightly and smoothly (as if) through the air （使某物）（似）在空中飘流、 飘浮或飘荡: * The sound of their voices wafted across the lake to us. 他们的声音飘过湖面传到我们这里. * Delicious smells wafted up from the kitchen. 厨房里飘出了香味. * The scent of the flowers was wafted along by the breeze. 微风送来了花香. 派生： waft n smell carried through the air; whiff （空气传播的）香味; 气味: a waft of perfume 香水的味 * wafts of cigar smoke 阵阵雪茄烟味.

wag
1[wAg; wAg] v (-gg-) 1 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (cause sth to) move quickly from side to side or up and down （使某物）来回或上下迅速摇摆: * The dog's tail wagged.那条狗尾巴摆了摆. * The dog wagged its tail excitedly. 那条狗兴奋地直摇尾巴. * wag one's finger at sb, ie as a way of showing one's disapproval of him 向某人摇手指（表示不赞成）. Cf 参看 waggle, wiggle. 2 (idm 习语) the tail wagging the dog => tail. tongues wag => tongue. 派生： wag n wagging movement 摇摆: The dog gave a wag of its tail. 那条狗摆了摆尾巴.

wage
1[weidV; wedV] n (usu pl except in certain phrases and when used attributively 通常作复数, 但用於某些词组或作定语时除外) regular (usu weekly) payment made or received for work or services 工资（通常指按周的）: * wages of 200 a week/a weekly wage of 200 一星期200英镑的工资 * Wages are paid on Fridays. 每星期五 发工资. * Tax and insurance are deducted from your wages. 所得税和保险费从工资扣除. * We expect a fair day's wage for a fair day's work. 我们做好一天的工作,就希望得到一天应得的工资. * The workers are demanding to be paid a living wage, ie one that enables them to live without hunger or hardship. 工人要求得到能够维持生活的工资. * a minimum wage, ie guaranteed basic pay in a particular industry or country 最低工资（某行业或某国的工资底线） * [attrib 作定语] a wage increase/rise of 10 a week 每星期的工资额增加10英镑. =>Usage at income 用法见income. 复合： `wage-claim n increase in wages demanded from an employer for workers by their union 增加工资的要求（工会向雇主提出的）. `wage-earner n (a) person who works for wages 挣工资的人（通常指按周领取工资的工人）: Are you a wage-earner or salaried? 你是工人还是职员? (b) member of a family who earns money 家庭中挣钱的人: There are two wage-earners in the family. 这家有两个人挣钱. `wage freeze legal ban on or control of increases in wages 工资冻结（合法禁止或控制工资的增长）.

wager
[5weidVE(r); 5wedVl] v [I, Tn, Tn.pr, Tf, Dn.n, Dn.f] ~ sth (on sth) (dated or fml 旧或文) stake (money) on the result of (sth); bet sth 在（某事物）上赌（钱）; 打赌: * You won't find better goods anywhere else, I'll wager. 你到哪儿也找不到比这个好的货, 我敢打赌.* wager 5 (on a horse) （在一匹马上）押注5英镑 * I'll wager (you) (any money you like) he won't come. 我（和你）打赌, （随便赌多少钱,）他不会来. 派生： wager n (dated or fml 旧或文) bet 赌博: lay/make a wager 打赌 * take up (ie accept) a wager 同意打赌.

waggle
[5wAgl; 5wAgl] v [I, Tn] (infml 口) (cause sth to) move with short movements from side to side or up and down （使某物）来回或上下小幅度摇摆: * His bottom waggles in a funny way when he walks. 他走路时臀部扭来扭去, 很可笑. * She can waggle her ears. 她能让耳朵来回动. Cf 参看 wag1, wiggle. > waggle n.

wagon
(Brit also waggon)[5wAgEn; 5wAgEn] n 1 four-wheeled vehicle for carrying heavy loads, usu pulled by horses or oxen （四轮的）货车（通常为牛马拉的）. Cf 参看 cart. 2 (US freight car) open railway truck (eg for carrying coal) （铁路的）敞篷货车（如运煤的）: * a train with passenger coaches and goods wagons 挂有客车和货车的列车. 3 trolley used for carrying food, esp tea, etc （送食物的）小手推车（尤指送茶点的）. 4 (idm 习语) on the `wagon (infml 口) no longer drinking alcoholic drinks; teetotal 戒酒: * be/go on the wagon 戒酒. 派生： wagoner (Brit also waggoner) n person in charge of a wagon(1) and its horses （四轮货车的）马车夫.

wagtail
[5wAgteil; 5wAg7tel] n any of various types of small bird with a long tail that moves constantly up and down when the bird is standing or walking （体小, 尾长而不停上下摆动）.

waif
[weif; wef] n 1 homeless person, esp an abandoned child 无家可归的人; （尤指）流浪儿: * a home for waifs and strays, ie homeless and neglected children 流浪儿童收容所 * They looked thin, waif-like and half starved.他们瘦骨伶仃, 像流浪儿似的饿得半死. 2 object or animal with no owner 无主的东西或动物.

wail
[weil; wel] v 1 (a) [I, Ipr] ~ (about/over sth) cry or complain (about sth) in a loud (usu shrill) voice （大声）哭, 诉苦（通常指尖声地）: * wail with grief 恸哭 * The sick child was wailing miserably. 那个患儿难受得连哭带喊. * There's no use wailing about/over mistakes made in the past. 为过去的错误痛哭是没有用的. (b) [I] (fig 比喻) make a sound similar to that of a person wailing 发出似哭号的尖声: * ambulances racing along with sirens wailing 高声鸣笛疾驶的救护车 * You can hear the wind wailing in the chimney. 可以听到风穿过烟囱发出的尖声. (c) [Tn, Tf] say (sth) in a wailing way 哭着说（某事）: * `I've lost all my money!’ she wailed. 她哭着说: * ‘我的钱都丢了!’ * The child was wailing loudly that she had hurt her foot. 那个女孩儿大声哭着说她的脚受伤了. 2 [Ipr] ~ for sb express one's grief at the loss or death of sb; mourn sb 为某人死亡而悲痛; 哀悼某人: * She was wailing for her lost child. 她为死去的孩子伤心悲痛. =>Usage at cry 用法见cry. 派生： wail n (a) shrill cry, esp of pain or grief 尖叫; （尤指）痛哭: The child burst into loud wails. 那个孩子突然大哭起来. * She uttered a wail of grief. 她悲痛地大声尖叫. (b) sound similar to this 尖叫声; （尤指）痛哭声: the wail of sirens 警报器的呼啸声.

wainscot
[5weinskEt; 5wenskEt] n wooden covering, esp panelling on (usu the lower half of) the walls of a room 护板; （尤指）护墙板, 内壁板（通常指室内墙壁下半部的）. 派生： wainscoted adj (of a room) having a wainscot （指房间）有护墙板的. wainscoting n [U] (material used for a) wainscot 护板, 护墙板（材料）.

waist
[weist; west] n 1 part of the body between the ribs and the hips, usu narrower than the rest of the trunk 腰; 腰部; 腰围: * She wore a wide belt round her waist. 她束了一条宽腰带. * She has a 26-inch waist. 她的腰围是26英寸. * He measures 30 inches round the waist. 他的腰围是30英寸. * The workmen were stripped to (ie wearing nothing above) the waist. 工人们光着上身. * [attrib 作定语] waist measurements 腰围的尺寸. 2 (a) part of a garment that goes round the waist （衣服的）腰部: * If the skirt is too big, we can take in the waist. 要是裙子太大了, 我们可以把腰部收紧一些. * The waist is too tight for me. 这件衣服我穿腰部太瘦. * trousers with a 30-inch waist 腰围30英寸的裤子. (b) garment, or part of a garment, that covers the body from the shoulders to the waist （衣服的）上身（或上身的部分）. Cf 参看 shirtwaist (shirt). 3 (a) narrow part in the middle of sth （物体的）中间细的部分: * the waist of an hourglass, a violin, a wasp 沙漏的中部、 小提琴中间凹处、 黄蜂的腰部. (b) part of a ship between the forecastle and the quarterdeck （轮船的）腰部. 派生： waisted adj (of a garment) becoming narrower at the waist （指衣服）腰部狭窄的: a waisted coat 腰部狭窄的大衣. -waisted (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having the type of waist specified 有某种腰身的:,narrow-`waisted * ,wasp-`waisted * a ,high-waisted `garment, ie one with its waist above the waist of the person wearing it. 复合： `waistband n strip of cloth that forms the waist of a garment, esp at the top of trousers or a skirt 腰带; （尤指）裤带, 裙带. waistcoat[5weiskEut; - 'weskEt; 5weskEt] (US also vest) n close-fitting sleeveless garment, buttoned down the front, usu worn under a jacket or coat and often forming part of a man's suit （西服的）背心. ,waist-`deep adv, adj up to the waist 上至腰部的; 齐腰深的: The water was waist-deep. 水深及腰部.

waist1
* They were,waist-deep in `water. 他们在齐腰深的水中. * wade ,waist-deep into a `stream 到小河齐腰深的地方. ,waist-`high adj, adv high enough to reach the waist 高至腰部的: The grass had grown waist-high. 草已长得齐腰高了. `waistline n 1 measurement of the body round the waist 腰围的尺寸; 腰肥: a narrow/slim waistline 纤细的[苗条的]腰身. 2 narrow part of a garment that fits at or just above or below the waist 衣服腰部（或近腰处）狭窄的部分: a dress with a high waistline 腰部高的连衣裙.

wait
1[weit; wet] v 1 (a) [I, Ipr, It] ~ (for sb/sth) stay where one is, delay acting, etc for a specified time or until sb or sth comes or until sth happens 等候; 等待: * `Have you been waiting long?’ `Yes, I've been waiting (for) twenty minutes.’ ‘你等了很久了吗?’‘是啊, 等了20分钟了.’ * Tell him I can't see him now, he'll have to wait. 告诉他我现在无法见他, 他得等一等. * Wait for me, please. 请等我一会儿. * We are waiting for the rain to stop. 我们正在等着雨停下了. * You'll have to wait until the end of the month before I can pay you. 你得等到月底我才能付给你钱. * (infml 口) I was just waiting for (ie expecting) that (to happen). 我正盼着这件事（发生）呢. * The chairman is waiting to begin (the meeting). 主席正在等着宣布开会. * I am waiting to hear the result. 我正在等着听结果. * I can't wait (ie am impatient) to read his latest novel. 我巴不得要看他的新小说. (b) [Tn] wait and watch for (sth); await 等候, 等待（某事）: * wait one's opportunity/chance to do sth 等待时机[机会]做某事 * You will just have to wait your turn, ie wait until your turn comes. 你得等到轮到你才行. =>Usage 见所附用法. (c) [I] not be dealt with immediately; be postponed 暂缓处理; 推迟: * The matter can wait until the next meeting; it's not urgent. 这件事可以等到下次会议处理, 不是急事. 2 [Tn, Dn.pr] ~ sth (for sb) postpone (a meal) until sb arrives （为等候某人）推迟开（饭）: * I shall be home late tonight, so don't wait dinner (for me). 今晚我回来得晚, 别等我吃饭. 3 [I] stop a vehicle at the side of the road for a short time （机动车在路边）暂停: * No Waiting, ie as a warning that vehicles must not stop at the side of the road even for a short time. 禁止停车.4 (idm 习语) keep sb `waiting cause sb to wait or be delayed, eg because one is unpunctual 使某人等候或耽搁某人（如因对方不准时）:

wait1
* I'm sorry to have kept you waiting. 对不起, 让您久等了. * He kept us waiting for ages while he packed his luggage. 他收拾行李, 让我们等了好半天. ready and waiting => ready. time and tide wait for no man => time1. ,wait and `see wait and find out what will happen before taking action; be patient 等等看; 耐心等待: * We shall just have to wait and see; there's nothing we can do at the moment. 我们只好等等看, 现在无能为力. wait at `table (US wait on `table) (of a waiter or a servant in a private house) serve food and drink to people, clear away dishes, etc （指服务员或 人）招待进餐. wait for the `cat to jump/to see `which way the `cat jumps (infml 口) delay taking action or a decision until it becomes clear how events will turn out 待情况明朗後再采取行动或做出决定. `wait for it (infml 口) (used as a warning to sb not to act, speak, etc before the proper time to do so has come 用以警告某人时机未到时别采取行动或别说话等). (play) a `waiting game (cause) a deliberate delay in taking action so that one may act more effectively later （实行）待机而动的策略. wait on sb hand and `foot serve sb by attending to all his needs 无微不至地照顾某人: * He seemed to expect to be waited on hand and foot. 他像是想要人尽心尽力伺候他. what are we `waiting for? (infml 口) let us go ahead and do sth, esp sth that has been planned or discussed 咱们干吧, 还等什麽呢? （尤指已计画的或商议过的事）. what are you `waiting for? (infml ironic 口, 反语) why don't you get on with the job, work, etc? 你还等什麽呢? （怎麽还不着手干活儿、 工作等?） (just) you `wait (used when threatening sb that one will punish him or get one's revenge on him later 用以威胁以後要惩罚或报复某人). 5 (phr v) wait about/around stay in a place (usu idly or impatiently, eg because sb who is expected has not arrived) 在某处等候（通常指无聊地或不耐烦地, 如应到者未到）. wait behind stay after other people have gone, esp to speak to sb privately待到他人走後留下来（尤指为与某人私下谈话）:

wait2
* Please wait behind after class today. 今天课後请你留下. wait in stay at home, esp because sb is expected 在家等候（尤指等某人来到）: * I waited in all day but they didn't arrive. 我在家等了一天, 他们却没来. wait on sb (a) act as a servant for sb, esp by serving food and drink at a meal 照料或伺候某人（尤指进餐时）. (b) (dated fml 旧, 文) make a formal visit to sb to show respect 拜访或探望某人. wait up (for sb) not go to bed (until sb comes home); stay up （为等候某人）不睡觉; 熬夜: * I shall be home very late tonight, so don't wait up (for me). 我今天晚上很晚才回家, 不必熬夜等着我. 派生： waiter (fem 阴性作 waitress[5weitris; 5wetris] ) n person employed to take customers' orders, bring food, etc in a restaurant, hotel dining-room, etc （饭店、 旅馆餐厅等的）服务员. 复合： `waiting-list n list of people who are waiting for service, treatment, etc that is not available now and who will receive it when it becomes available 等候者名单（等候接受服务、 治疗等的人的）: put sb on a waiting-list for theatre tickets 把某人列入等候购戏票者的名单 * a hospital waiting-list, eg for operations 等候治疗者的名单（如等待做手术的）. `waiting-room n (a) room in a station where people can sit while they are waiting for trains 候车室. (b) room (eg in a doctor's or dentist's surgery) where people wait until they can be attended to 等候室（如候诊室）. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Compare wait for and expect.试比较wait for和expect. *I'm expecting him to arrive soon means that I'm sure that he will. *I'm expecting him to arrive soon意为我肯定他很快就来到. I'm waiting for him to arrive means that I thought he would come earlier but he is late. *I'm waiting for him to arrive意为我以为他到得比现在早, 但他晚了. Waiting (for something) can be seen as an action *waiting

wait3
(for something)可视为动作: waive /// /weiv; wev] v [Tn] (fml 文) not insist on (sth) in a particular case; forego 不坚持要求（某事物）; 放弃: * waive a claim, privilege, right, rule 放弃一要求、 特权、 权利、 规定 * We have decided to waive the age-limit for applicants in your case. 针对你的情况, 我们决定免除申请人年龄限制. 派生： waiver[5weivE(r); 5wevl] n (law 律) (document that records the) waiving of a legal right, etc 弃权（书）: * They were persuaded to sign a waiver of claims against the landlord. 经劝说, 他们签署了放弃向房东索赔的权利.

wake
1[weik; wek] v (pt woke/wEuk; wok] or, in archaic use, 古语拼作 waked, pp woken[5wEukEn; 5wokEn] or, in archaic use, 古语拼作 waked) 1 (a) [I, Ip, It] ~(up) stop sleeping 醒; 醒来: * What time do you usually wake (up) in the morning? 你平常早晨几点钟醒? * She had just woken from a deep sleep. 她刚从熟睡中醒来. * I woke early this morning. 我今天早上醒得很早. * Wake up! It's eight o'clock. 醒醒吧! 已经八点钟了. * I woke up in the night feeling cold. 半夜把我冻醒了. * She woke up with a start when the door slammed. 关门声把她惊醒了. * He woke (up) to find himself alone in the house. 他一觉醒来发现房子里只剩下他一个人了. (b) [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sb (up) cause sb to stop sleeping 唤醒或弄醒某人: * Try not to wake the baby (up). 别把孩子吵醒了. * I was woken (up) by a noise in the room. 屋子里的声音把我吵醒了. Cf 参看 awake1, awaken. 2 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sb/sth (up) cause sb/sth to become active, alert, attentive, etc 使某人[某事物]活跃、 警觉、 注意等: * A cold shower will soon wake you up. 你洗个冷水澡, 马上就清醒了. * The incident woke memories of his past sufferings. 这件事唤起了他对过去苦难经历的回忆. * The audience needs waking up. 应该让观众的气氛活跃起来. 3 [Tn] (fml 文) cause (sth) to re-echo; disturb with noise 使（某物）反覆回响; 以噪声搅扰: * His echoing cry woke the mountain valley. 他叫喊的回声震荡着山谷. 4 (idm 习语) wake the `dead (of a noise) be unpleasantly loud （指噪声）大得烦人: * They were making enough noise to wake the dead. 他们喧闹的声音让人心烦. one's `waking hourstime when one is awake 醒着的时候: * She spends all her waking hours worrying about her job. 她只要醒着就一直为工作发愁. 5 (phr v) wake up to sth become aware of sth; realize sth 意识到或认识到某事物:

wake1
* It's time you woke up to the fact that you're not very popular. 你早就该明白你没什麽人缘儿. * He hasn't yet woken up to the seriousness of the situation. 他还没意识到情况的严重性. 派生： wakeful[-fl; -fEl] adj (a) unable to sleep 睡不着的; 失眠的. (b) alert; vigilant 警惕的; 警觉的. (c) (of a night) with little or no sleep; sleepless （指夜晚）没怎麽睡的, 不眠的: * a wakeful night spent in prayer 整夜祈祷. wakefully[-fEli; -fEli] adv. wakefulness n [U]. waken[5weikEn; 5wekEn] v [I, Tn] (cause sb to) wake from sleep; awaken （使某人）醒; 唤醒.

walk
1[wC:k; wCk] v 1 [I, Ipr, Ip, In/pr] (a) (of a person) move along at a moderate pace by lifting up and putting down each foot in turn, so that one foot is on the ground while the other is being lifted （指人）行走: * How old was the baby when she started to walk? 这个女孩几岁开始走路的? * We walked slowly home. 我们慢慢走回家. * He walked into the room. 他走进了房间. * walking up and down 走来走去 * They walked along the river. 他们沿着河边走. * I've walked ten miles today. 我今天走了10英里路. Cf 参看 run1, trot 2. (b) travel in this way and not ride, drive, be driven, etc 步行: * `How did you get here?’ `I walked.’ ‘你是怎麽来的?’‘我走来的.’ * I missed the bus and had to walk home. 我没赶上公共汽车, 只好走回家. (c) (often 常作 go walking) travel in this way for exercise or pleasure （为锻炼或娱乐）步行, 散步: * I like walking. 我喜欢散步. * We are going walking in the Alps this summer. 今年夏天我们要到阿尔卑斯山去徒步旅行. (d) (of four-footed animals) move at the slowest pace, always having at least two feet on the ground （指四足动物）慢步走. Cf 参看 gallop, trot 1. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] cause (sb/sth) to walk, esp by accompanying him/it 使（某人[某物]）行走（尤指与之同行）: * Horses should be walked for a while after a race. 马在比赛後应该遛一遛. * He's out walking the dog. 他出去遛狗去了. * He walked the horse up the hill. 他牵着马上山去了. * He walked her to her car. 他陪她走到她的汽车那儿. * He put his arm round me and walked me away. 他伸出手臂搂着我, 带我走开了. * I'll walk you home. 我陪你走回家去. 3 [Tn] go along or over (sth) on foot 步行沿（某处）走或走过（某处）: * walk the fields looking for wild flowers 走过田野寻找着野花. 4 [I] (dated 旧) (of a ghost, etc) be seen moving about; appear （指鬼魂等）出动, 出现:

walk1
* It was the sort of night when phantoms might walk. 这种夜晚正是幽灵出没的时候. 5 (idm 习语) be on/walk the streets => street. run before one can walk tackle difficult tasks before one has learnt the basic skills 不会走就想跑（未学会基本技能就想处理困难事物）: * Don't try to run before you can walk. 别不会走路就想跑. walk before one can `run learn the basic skills before trying to tackle more difficult tasks 先学会了走再跑（学会基本技能後再处理困难事物）. a walking `dictionary, encyclo`pedia, etc person who has a wide vocabulary or who seems to be very knowledgeable about a particular subject 活字典、 活百科全书等: * She's a walking textbook of medicine. 她是活的医学教科书. walk one's legs off (infml 口) walk until one is exhausted 走得筋疲力尽. walk sb off his `feet (infml 口) tire sb by making him walk too far or too fast （走得太远或太快）把某人累得疲惫不堪. walk the `plank be sent to one's death by pirates by being forced to walk along a plank and to fall into the sea 被海盗逼着走上木板掉海淹死. walk `tall feel proud and confident 感到骄傲而自信. walk/tread a tightrope => tightrope (tight). 6 (phr v) walk away from sb/sth beat (an opponent) easily in a contest （在比赛中）轻易击败（对手）. walk away/off with sth (infml 口) (a) win (a prize) easily 轻易赢得（奖品）: She walked away with two first prizes. 她轻而易举地赢了两项头等奖. (b) steal sth 偷走某物: Somebody has walked off with my pen. 有人把我的钢笔偷走了. walk into sth (infml 口) (a) become caught in sth that one is not expecting, esp because one is not careful 出乎意料陷入某境地（尤指因不慎）: They set a trap for him and he walked right into it. 他们设下圈套, 他果然落入其中. (b) be appointed to (a job) without having to make an effort 轻易获得（一份工作）: She simply walked into a job at the bank as soon as she graduated. 她大学一毕业就轻易获得一份在银行中的工作. walk into sth/sb strike against sth/sb while walking 走路时撞上某物[某人]: She wasn't looking where she was going and walked straight into me. 她走路不看路, 一头撞在我身上.

walk2
walk out (infml 口) (of workers) go on strike suddenly（指工人）突然罢工. walk out (of sth) leave (a meeting, etc) suddenly and angrily 愤而当即退出（会场等）. walk out (with sb) (dated infml 旧, 口) have a relationship with sb 与某人有某种关系: They were walking out for years before they got married. 他们恋爱多年才结婚. walk out on sb (infml 口) abandon or desert sb 遗弃某人: He had a row with his wife and just walked out on her. 他和妻子吵架後就把她抛弃了. walk over sb (infml 口) (a) thoroughly defeat sb in a competition （在比赛中）彻底打败某人: The visiting team was too strong they walked all over us. 客队实力太强了--把我们打得一败涂地. (b) treat sb badly or unkindly 刻薄地或恶意地对待某人: You mustn't let him walk over you like that. 你不能让他那麽欺负你. walk up (usu imperative 通常用於祈使句) come and see (a circus, show, etc) 来看（马戏、 表演等）: Walk up! Walk up! The performance is about to begin. 快来看! 快来看! 马上开演了. walk up (to sb/sth) approach sb/sth 走近某人[某物]: A stranger walked up to me and shook my hand. 有个陌生人向我走来跟我握手. * She walked up to the desk and asked to see the manager. 她走到办公桌前要求见经理. 派生： walker n 1 person who walks, esp for exercise or enjoyment 行走的人（尤指为锻炼或散步）. 2 framework that is used as a support by sb who cannot walk without one, eg a baby or a disabled person 助行架（如婴儿或伤残者用的）. 复合： `walkabout n 1 (in Australia) period of wandering in the bush by an Aboriginal （澳洲的）土着在灌木丛中游荡的时间: go walkabout 到灌木丛中闲逛. 2 informal stroll among a crowd by an important visitor, esp a royal person （来访的要人）在人群中漫步（尤指皇室人员）: go on a walkabout 到老百姓中间走走. `walk-in adj [attrib 作定语] 1 (esp US) (of a cupboard, wardrobe, etc) large enough to walk into （指壁橱、 衣柜等）宽敞得可走进去的: a walk-in closet 小储藏室.2 (US) (of a flat) having its own entrance （指单元房）有独自入口的: a walk-in apartment 有独自出入口的公寓.

walk3
`walking papers (US) dismissal from a job 解雇（通知书）: be given one's walking papers 遭解雇. `walking rein = leading - rein (leading). `walking-stick n (also stick) stick carried or used as a support when walking 手杖. `walking-tour n holiday spent walking from place to place 徒步旅行度假. `Walkman n (pl ~s) (propr 专利名) small cassette player with earphones that can be worn by sb walking about （可随身携带使用耳机的）小型放音机. ,walk-`on adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of a part in a play) very small and without any words to say （指戏剧角色）无台词的小角色的. `walk-out n sudden strike by workers 突然的罢工. `walk-over n easy victory 轻易获得的胜利: The match was a walk-over for the visiting team. 比赛中客队轻易获胜. `walk-up adj [attrib 作定语] (US) (of a flat or block of flats) without a lift （指公寓或公寓楼）无电梯的. n building or flat without a lift 无电梯的大楼或公寓. `walkway n passage or path for walking along 人行通道.

walkie
talkie

wall
[wC:l; wCl] n 1 (a) continuous upright solid structure of stone, brick, concrete, etc used to enclose, divide or protect sth (eg an area of land) 围墙; 城墙: * The old town on the hill had a wall right round it. 小山上的古城四周有城墙. * The fields were divided by stone walls. 这片地都有石墙相隔. * The fruit trees grew against the garden wall. 那些果树都长在花园的墙边. (b) one of the vertical sides of a building or room 墙壁: * The castle walls were very thick. 那座城堡的墙很厚. * Hang the picture on the wall opposite the window. 把画挂在窗户对面的墙上. * [attrib 作定语] a wall light 壁灯. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page vi. 2 (fig 比喻) thing similar to a wall in its appearance or effect （样子或作用）似墙之物: * The mountain rose up in a steep wall of rock. 这座山高而陡, 形成一道岩石屏障. * The investigators were confronted by a wall of silence. 调查人员碰了壁, 谁也不回答他们的问题. * The tidal wave formed a terrifying wall of water. 海啸形成一堵骇人的水墙. 3 outer layer of a hollow structure, esp an organ or a cell of an animal or a plant 外壁（尤指动植物器官或细胞的）: * the abdominal wall 腹腔壁 * the wall of an artery, a blood-vessel, etc 动脉、 血管等的壁. 4 (idm 习语) bang, etc one's head against a brick wall => head1. a fly on the wall => fly1. have one's back to the wall => back1. a hole in the wall => hole. to the `wall to a difficult or desperate situation 陷於困境或绝境: * Several firms have gone to the wall (ie been ruined) recently. 最近有几家公司倒闭了. * drive/push sb to the wall, ie defeat him 逼得某人走投无路. up the `wall (infml 口) furious or crazy 愤怒; 发狂: * That noise is driving/sending me up the wall. 这种噪声快要把我逼疯了. * I'll go up the wall if it doesn't stop soon. 要是不赶快停下来就要把我气死了. ,walls have `ears (saying 谚) beware of eavesdroppers 隔墙有耳:

wall1
* Be careful what you say; even the walls have ears! 说话要小心, 隔墙有耳啊! the writing on the wall => writing. 派生： wall v 1 [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] surround (sth) with a wall or walls 用墙围住（某物）: a walled city, garden, town 有围墙的城市、 花园、 小镇. 2 (phr v) wall sth in/off separate (and enclose) sth with a wall 用墙隔开（并围住）某物: Part of the yard had been walled off. 院子有一部分用墙隔开了. wall sth up block up sth with a wall or bricks 用墙或砖堵住某物: a walled-up door, fireplace, passage 用砖堵住的门、 壁炉、 通道. 复合： `wallflower n 1 common garden plant that has sweet-smelling (usu orange or brownish-red) flowers in spring 墙头花, 桂竹香（欧洲常见园艺植物, 春季开花, 味香, 通常呈橙色或赭色）. 2 (infml 口) person (esp a woman) who has no dancing partners at a dance and has to sit or stand around while others dance 在舞会中因无舞伴而在一旁或坐或站者（尤指女子）. `wall-painting n picture painted directly on the surface of a wall; fresco or mural 壁画. `wallpaper n [U] paper, usu with a coloured design, for covering the walls of a room 壁纸; 墙纸. v [I, Tn] put wallpaper on (the walls of a room) 在（室内墙壁）上糊壁纸. ,wall-to-`wall adj, adv (of a floor-covering) that covers the whole floor of a room （指室内地面覆盖物）覆盖全部地面（的）: a ,wall-to-wall `carpet 铺满全部地面的地毯 * a room carpeted wall-to-wall 全部地面铺有地毯的房间.

wallaby
[5wClEbi; 5walEbi] n any of various types of small kangaroo 沙袋鼠.

wallah
[5wClE; 5walE] n (infml 口) (in India) person connected with a specified occupation or task （印度的）与某种职业或任务有关系的人: * bank wallahs 银行界的人.

wallet
[5wClit; 5walit] (US also `billfold, `pocket-book)n small flat folding case, usu made of leather, carried in the pocket and used esp for holding banknotes, documents, etc 钱夹, 皮夹（尤用以放纸币、 证件等的）. Cf 参看 purse1 1.

wallop
[5wClEp; 5walEp] v [Tn, Tn.pr] (infml 口) 1 hit (sb/sth) hard; thrash 痛打（某人[某物]）; 猛击: * If I ever catch the rascal I'll really wallop him! 我要是逮住这个流氓, 非狠狠揍他一顿不可! * She walloped the ball (for) miles. 她把球打出很远很远. 2 (in a contest, match, etc) defeat (sb) thoroughly （在比赛中）彻底击败（某人）: * I walloped him at darts. 我在掷镖游戏中远远胜过了他. 派生： wallop n 1 [C] (infml 口) heavy resounding blow 重击: He crashed down on the floor with a wallop. 他砰的一声倒在地板上了. 2 [U] (Brit sl 俚) beer 啤酒. walloping adj [attrib 作定语] (infml 口) very big 极大的: He had to pay a walloping (great) fine. 他得付一（大）笔罚款. n (infml 口) (a) thrashing 痛打: She threatened the children with a walloping. 她吓唬孩子说要狠狠打他们一顿. (b) thorough defeat 彻底失败: Our team got a terrible walloping yesterday. 我们队昨天吃了个大败仗.

wallow
[5wClEu; 5walo] v [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (about/around)(in sth) 1 lie and roll about in mud, water, etc （在泥、 水等中）打滚: * The children enjoyed watching the hippopotamus wallowing (about) in the mud. 孩子们真喜观看河马在泥中打滚. * The ship wallowed in (ie was tossed about by) the rough sea. 船在汹涌的海上颠簸.2 take pleasure (in sth); indulge oneself （在某事物中）享乐; 放纵自己: * wallow in a hot bath 舒服地洗个热水澡 * wallowing in luxury 耽於豪华的享乐之中 * They're absolutely wallowing in money, ie very rich. 他们家资广有（很富有）. * She seemed to be wallowing in her grief, instead of trying to recover from the disaster. 她似乎缠绵悱恻无力自拔. 派生： wallow n 1 act of wallowing 打滚; 享乐; 放纵.2 place where animals go to wallow （动物常去打滚的）泥坑, 水坑.

wally
[5wCli; 5wali] n (Brit infml 口) stupid or foolish person; twit 笨蛋; 傻瓜; 白痴: * Don't be such a wally! 别发傻了!

walnut
[5wC:lnQt; 5wCl7nQt] n 1 [C] nut containing an edible kernel with a wrinkled surface in a pair of boat-shaped shells 胡桃. =>illus at nut 见nut插图.2 (a) [C] (also `walnut tree) tree on which this nut grows 胡桃树. (b) [U] wood of this tree, used (esp as a veneer) in making furniture 胡桃木（用以制家具, 尤用作饰面）.

walrus
[5wC:lrEs; 5wClrEs] n large sea-animal living in the Arctic regions, similar to a seal but having two long tusks 海象. 复合： ,walrus mou`stache (infml 口) long thick moustache that hangs down on each side of the mouth （嘴角两侧的）粗长胡子.

waltz
[wC:ls; - wC:lts; wClts] n (a) ballroom dance for couples, with a graceful flowing melody in triple time 华尔兹舞. (b) music for this 华尔兹舞曲. 派生： waltz v 1 [I, Tn.pr] (cause sb to) dance a waltz （使某人）跳华尔兹舞: She waltzes beautifully. 她华尔兹舞跳得很美. * He waltzed her round the room. 他带着她满屋跳华尔兹舞. 2 [Ipr, Ip] (infml 口) move in the specified direction gaily or casually or by dancing 轻 快地或随便地或跳着舞走: She waltzed up to us and announced that she was leaving. 她蹦蹦跳跳地来到我们面前说她要走了. * He waltzes in and out as if the house belongs to him. 他大摇大摆地出来进去, 好像这所房子是他的一样. 3 (phr v) waltz off with sth (infml 口) (a) steal sth 偷走某物: He's just waltzed off with my cigarette lighter! 他刚才把我的打火机偷走了! (b) win sth easily 轻易赢得某事物: She waltzed off with the school prizes for maths and science. 她轻而易举赢得了全校数学奖和理科奖.

wampum
[5wCmpEm; 5wampEm] n [U] ornaments made of shells threaded on a string like beads, used formerly by N American Indians as money 贝壳串珠（装饰品, 旧时北美印第安人用作货币）.

wan
[wCn; wan] adj (-nner, -nnest) (of a person, his appearance, etc) pale and looking ill or tired; pallid（指人、 面色等）苍白憔悴的, 倦怠的, 带病容的: * a wan smile, ie a slight one from sb who is ill or tired or unhappy 勉强的微笑（因病或倦怠或不悦） * (fig 比喻) the wan light of a winter's morning 冬日黯淡的晨光. >wanly adv: * smile wanly 虚弱地微笑. wanness[5wCn.nis;'wannis] n [U].

wand
[wCnd; wand] n 1 slender stick or rod held in the hand, esp by a conjuror, fairy or magician when performing magic 棍; 棒; 杖; （尤指小仙子或魔术师用的）魔杖: * The fairy godmother waved her (magic) wand. 助人仙女挥动她的魔杖. 2 = light pen (light1).

wander
[5wCndE(r); 5wandl] v 1 [I, Ipr, Ip] (a) move around in an area or go from place to place without any special purpose or destination; roam 游荡; 漫游; 闲逛; 流浪: * wander through the countryside 在野外闲逛 * enjoy wandering in a strange town 喜欢逛陌生的小镇 * She was wandering aimlessly up and down the road. 她在路上信步来回遛达. * We wandered around for hours looking for the house. 我们为找那所房子转了半天. * (fig 比喻) She was so weak that her pen kept wandering over the page as she wrote. 她很虚弱, 写字时钢笔在纸上直打滑. (b) go slowly or aimlessly in the specified direction （沿某方向）慢走或漫步: * They wandered back to work an hour later. 一小时後他们遛达着回去工作. * He wandered in to see me as if he had nothing else to do. 他遛遛达达进来看我, 好像无事可做的样子. * They wandered out into the darkness. 他们漫步走出去, 消失在黑暗中. * (fig 比喻) Her thoughts wandered back to her youth. 她思绪联翩, 回想到青春岁月. 2 [Tn] move aimlessly around in (a place); roam 漫步（某地）; 漫游: * I've spent two years wandering the world. 我用了两年时间周游世界. * The child was found wandering the streets alone. 人们看见那个孩子独自在街上瞎转. 3 [I, Ipr, Ip] (of a road or river) follow a winding path or course; meander （指道路或河流）蜿蜒, 迂回曲折: * The road wanders (along) through the range of hills. 这条路在山丘间绕来绕去.4 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (from/off sth); ~ (away/off) (of a person or an animal) leave the right place or way; stray from one's group （指人或动物）离开原处或正道, 离群, 失散: * The shepherd set out to look for the sheep that had wandered (away). 牧羊人出发去找走失的羊. * We seem to have wandered from the path. 我们好像已经偏离了原路. * The child wandered off and got lost. 那个孩子自己走开而迷了路. * (fig 比喻) Don't wander from the subject:

wander1
* stick to the point, ie Don't digress. 不要离题, 要针对这一问题谈wanderlust /// [5wCndElQst; 5wandl7lQst] n [U] strong desire to travel 想去漫游的强烈愿望.

wane
[wein; wen] v [I] 1 (of the moon) show a gradually decreasing area of brightness after being full （指月亮）亏, 缺. Cf 参看 wax2 1. 2 gradually lose power or importance; become smaller or weaker or less impressive衰败; 衰落; 变小; 变弱; 变差: * The power of the landowners waned during this period. 这一时期地主的势力削弱了. * Her enthusiasm for the expedition was waning rapidly. 她对这次出行的热劲迅速减低. 3 (idm 习语) wax and wane => wax2. 派生： wane n (idm 习语) on the `wane gradually decreasing; waning 逐渐减弱; 衰败; 衰落.

wangle
[5wANgl; 5wANgl] v (infml 口) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.n] ~ sth (out of sb) get or arrange sth that one wants by using trickery or clever persuasion 用巧计或花言巧语获得或安排某事物: * I'd love to go to the match tomorrow do you think you can wangle it? 我很想去看明天的比赛--你能找个词儿安排一下吗? * She managed to wangle an invitation to the reception. 她设法弄到了招待会的请帖. * He was trying to wangle his way onto the committee. 他千方百计想钻入委员会中. * I'll try to wangle a contribution out of him. 我要设法让他出把力. * She's wangled an extra week's holiday for herself. 她多弄到一星期的假. 2 (phr v) wangle out of sth/doing sth avoid having to do sth by scheming 用计谋避免做某事: * It's bound to be a boring party let's try to wangle out of it/going. 这次聚会一定没意思--咱们想个法子别去了. 派生： wangle n act of wangling 使用巧计或花言巧语: get sth by a wangle 耍手腕儿得到某事物.

wank
[wANk; wANk] v [I] ( Brit sl 讳, 俚) masturbate 手淫. 派生： wank n ( Brit sl 讳, 俚) act of masturbating 手淫. wanker ( Brit sl 讳, 俚) 1 (derog 贬) inefficient, lazy or stupid person 无能的、 懒惰的或愚蠢的人. 2 person who masturbates 手淫的人.

wanna
[5wCnE; 5wanE] contracted form 缩约式 (infml 口 esp US) 1 want to 想要（做）: * I wanna hold your hand. 我想握住你的手. 2 want a 想要（个）: * You wanna cigarette?你想要支香烟吗?

want
1[wCnt; - wC:nt; wCnt] v 1 [Tn, Tt, Tnt, Tsg, Cn.n/a] have a desire for (sth); wish for 要, 想要（某事物）; 希望: * They want a bigger flat. 他们想要一套大些的单元房. * Have you decided what you want? 你决定要什麽了吗? * The staff want a pay rise. 全体职员希望增加工资. * She wants to go to Italy. 她要去意大利. * She wants me to go with her. 她想让我跟她一起去. * I didn't want that to happen. 我并不希望发生这样的事. * I want it (to be) done as quickly as possible. 我希望这件事尽快做好. * I don't want you arriving late. 我希望你不要迟到. * The people want him as their leader. 大家都想让他当领袖. =>Usage 见所附用法. 2 [Tn, Tg] require or need (sth) 要, 要求, 需要（某事物）: * We shall want more staff for the new office. 我们的新办公室需要多增加些职员. * Let me know how many copies you want. 告诉我你要多少份. * (infml 口) What that boy wants (ie deserves) is a good smack! 那个男孩子就是欠揍! * The plants want watering/ want to be watered daily. 这些花草得天天浇水. * I'm sure you don't want reminding of the need for discretion. 我知道无需提醒你一切需谨慎行事. 3 [Tt] (infml 口) should or ought to (do sth) 应该（做某事）: * You want to be more careful. 你应该再细心些. * They want to remember who they're speaking to! 应该让他们明白是跟谁说话呢! 4 [Tn] (fml 文) not have enough of (sth); lack 缺乏（某事物）; 无: * He wants the courage to speak the truth. 他缺乏说实话的勇气. * After the disaster there were many who wanted food and shelter. 这场灾难过後, 许多人既没有食物又没有住处. 5 [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] require (sb) to be present; need (sb)要求（某人）在场; 需要（某人）: * You will not be wanted this afternoon. 今天下午用不着你了. * You are wanted immediately in the director's office. 主任让你立刻到他的办公室去.

want1
* He is wanted (for questioning) by the police, eg because he is suspected of committing a crime. 警方要找他（问话）（如因涉嫌某罪案）. 6 [Tn] feel sexual desire for (sb) 对（某人）有性欲. 7 [Tn] (used with it 与it连用) fall short by (sth) 缺少（某量）: * It still wants half an hour till midnight. 还差半小时才到午夜. 8 (idm 习语) have/want it/things both ways => both1. not want to `know (about sth) deliberately avoid contact with or information about sb/sth which may cause inconvenience, trouble, etc; not care 故意不接触或不了解某人[某事物]（以免造成不便或麻烦）; 不理会: He was desperately in need of help but nobody seemed to want to know. 他极需帮助, 可是似乎谁也不愿理会. waste not, want not => waste2. 9 (phr v) want for sth (esp in questions or negative sentences 尤用於疑问句或否定句) suffer because of a lack of sth 因缺少某事物而受苦: Those children want for nothing/never want for anything, ie have everything they need. 那些孩子什麽也不缺（应有尽有）. * She didn't want for help from her friends. 她从未感到在需要时没有朋友帮忙. want `in/`out (infml 口) want to come in/go out 想进来[出去]: I think the dog wants in I can hear it scratching at the door. 我看那条狗想进来--我听见它抓门的声音. want `out/out of sth (infml 口 esp US) no longer want to be involved in (a plan, project, etc) 想退出（一计画、 项目等）. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: When expressing an offer or issuing an invitation, like is the most usual verb 表达提议或邀请时, 最常用的动词是like: Would you like a cup of coffee? 您想要杯咖啡吗? * Would you like to come to dinner with us next week? 您下星期来和我们一起吃饭好吗? Care (for) is more formal 用care (for)较为郑重: Would you care for another piece of cake? 您再来一块蛋糕好吗? * Would you care to come for a walk with me? 您来和我一起散散步好吗? Want is the most direct and informal *want一词最直接也最通俗: Do you want a piece of chocolate? 你想来块巧克力吗?

want2
* We're going to the cinema tonight. Do you want to come with us? 我们今天晚上去看电影. 你想和我们一起去吗?

wanting
[5wCntiN; - 'wC:n-; 5wCntiN] adj [pred 作表语] 1 ~ (in sth) (fml 文) lacking in quality or quantity; deficient （在质量或数量上）欠缺, 不足: * His behaviour was wanting in courtesy, ie discourteous, rude. 他举止没有礼貌. 2 (idm 习语) be found wanting => find1.

wanton
[5wCntEn; - 'wC:n-; 5wCntEn] adj 1 [esp attrib 尤作定语] (of an action) done deliberately for no good reason; wilful （指行动）不怀好意的, 恶意的, 恣意的: * wanton cruelty, damage, waste 肆意的暴虐行为、 破坏、 浪费 * the wanton destruction of a historic building 对一座古建 物的故意毁坏. 2 (fml 文) playful or capricious 顽皮的; 反覆无常的: * a wanton breeze 风向不定的微风 * in a wanton mood 以闹着玩的心情. 3 (of growth, etc) very abundant; luxuriant or wild （指生长物等）茂盛的, 繁密的, 滋生的: * The weeds grew in wanton profusion. 遍地野草丛生. 4 (dated fml 旧, 文) not modest or chaste; licentious or immoral 不正派的; 不贞的; 放荡的; 不道德的: * a wanton creature 放荡的家伙 * wanton behaviour 不道德的行为. 派生： wanton n (dated 旧) licentious or immoral person (esp a woman) 放荡的人, 不道德的人（尤指女子）. wantonly adv: wantonly destructive 恣意毁坏的. wantonness n [U].

wapiti
[5wCpiti; 5wapEti] n N American elk 美洲赤鹿.

war
[wC:(r); wCr] n 1 (a) [U] (state of) fighting between nations or groups within a nation using military force 战争（状态）: * the horrors of war 战争的恐怖 * the outbreak (ie beginning) of war 战争的爆发 * The border incident led to war between the two countries. 这一边境事件导致了两国交战. * the art (ie tactics and strategy) of war 兵法（战略和战术） * the fortunes of (ie what may happen in) war 战争中可能发生的事 * The government wanted to avoid war at all costs. 政府拟不惜一切代价避免战争. * civil war 内战. (b) [C] instance or period of such fighting 战争（期间）: * during the Second World War 在第二次世界大战期间 * He had fought in two wars. 他参加过两次战争. * If a war breaks out, many other countries will be affected. 一旦战争爆发, 许多国家都要受到波及. 2 (a) [C, U] competition, conflict or hostility between people, groups, etc 竞争; 冲突; 对抗: * the class war 阶级斗争 * a trade war 贸易战 * There was a state of war between the rivals. 竞争对手间已处於敌对状态. (b) [sing] ~ (against sb/sth) efforts made to eliminate disease, crime, etc （为消灭疾病、 犯罪现象等的）斗争: * a major step in the war against cancer 在战胜癌症方面迈出的一大步 * Little progress has been made in the war against drug traffickers. 打击贩毒分子的斗争无甚进展. 3 (idm 习语) at war in a state of war 处於交战状态: * The country has been at war with its neighbour for two years. 这个国家与邻国已打了两年仗了. carry the war into the enemy's camp => carry. declare war => declare. go to war (against sb/sth) start fighting a war (against sb/sth) （向某人[某事物]）开战. have been in the `wars (infml or joc 口或谑) show signs of being injured or badly treated 受过伤; 受过虐待; 吃过苦. make/wage war on sb/sth (a) fight sb/sth with weapons 用武器与某人[某事物]作战. (war1 /// * wage war on crime, disease, poverty, etc 与犯罪现象、 疾病、 贫困等作斗争. a war of `nervesattempt to defeat an opponent by gradually destroying his morale, using threats, psychological pressures, etc 神经战. a war of `words (campaign of) verbal abuse 舌战; 笔战; 论战: * As the election approaches the war of words between the main political parties becomes increasingly intense. 大选在即, 主要政党间的论战愈演愈烈. 派生： war v (-rr-) [I] (arch 古) engage in a war or conflict 进行战争; 交战; 作战: warring tribes 交战的部落. 复合： `war bonnet feathered head-dress worn by the warriors of certain N American Indian tribes （北美印第安某些部落战士戴的）羽毛头饰. `war chest (US) fund of money collected to pay for a war or some other campaign （为战争或某些活动筹集的）专用基金. `war-cry n (a) word or phrase shouted as a signal in battle 战斗口号. (b) catchword used in a contest (eg by a political party); slogan 竞争（如政党间的）口号; 标语. `war-dance n dance performed by the warriors of a tribe, eg before going into battle or to celebrate a victory 战舞（部落战士跳的, 如作战前或庆祝凯旋的）. warfare[5wC:feE(r); 5wCr7fer] n [U] (a) (fighting a) war （作）战; 战争: * guerrilla, modern, nuclear warfare 游击战、 现代战争、 核战. (b) (esp violent) conflict or struggle （尤指激烈的）冲突, 斗争: * There is open warfare between the opponents of the plan and its supporters. 支持与反对这一计画的双方已公开论战. `war-game n (a) game in which models representing troops, ships, etc are moved about on maps, in order to test the players' tactical skill 战争游戏. (b) mock battle used as a training exercise 作战演习. `warhead n explosive head of a missile or torpedo （导弹或鱼雷的）弹头: equipped with a nuclear warhead 装有核弹头. `war-horse n

war2
1 (esp formerly) horse used in battle （尤指旧时）战马, 军马. 2 (fig 比喻) soldier, politician, etc who has fought in many campaigns 久经争战的士兵、 政客等. warlike[5wC:laik; 5wCr7laik] adj fond of or skilled in fighting; aggressive 好战的; 善战的; 侵略的; 好争斗的: * a warlike people 好战的民族 * a warlike appearance, mood, state 好斗的模样、 情绪、 状态. `war-lord n (dated or fml 旧或文) (chief) military commander （大）将军; 军阀. `war memorial monument built to honour people who have died in a war 战争纪念碑（纪念阵亡将士的）. `warmonger n (derog 贬) person who tries to cause a war or who favours war 战争贩子. `war-paint n [U] (a) paint put on the body before battle, eg by N American Indian warriors 出战前涂於身上的颜料（如北美印第安战士用的）. (b) (infml joc 口, 谑) cosmetic make-up 化妆品: She never goes out to a party without putting her war-paint on! 她每逢参加聚会都非化妆不可! `war-path n (idm 习语) (be/go) on the `war-path (infml 口) ready for a fight or a quarrel; hostile or angry 准备作战或打架; 敌对; 发怒: Look out the boss is on the war-path again! 当心点--老板又发火了! `warship n ship for use in war 军舰. `wartime n [U] period of time when there is a war 战时: Special regulations were introduced in wartime. 战时实施了特殊规定. * [attrib 作定语] wartime rationing 战时的定量配给 * the shortages of wartime Britain 战时英国物资之匮乏.

warble
[5wC:bl; 5wCrbl] v (a) [I] (esp of a bird) sing in a continuous gentle trilling way （尤指鸟）叫出柔和的颤音: * larks warbling in the sky 在天空婉转叫着的百灵鸟. (b) [Tn] sing (a note, song, etc) in this way 用柔和的颤音唱（某音、 歌等）. 派生： warble n (usu sing 通常作单数) warbling sound 柔和的颤音: the blackbird's warble 黑鹂婉转的叫声. warbler[5wC:blE(r); 5wCrbll] n any of various types of bird that warble （能叫出柔和颤音的）鸣禽.

ward
[wC:d; wCrd] n 1 separate part or room in a hospital for a particular group of patients 病房: * a children's, maternity, surgical ward 儿科、 产科、 外科病房 * a public/private ward 普通[单人]病房. 2 division of a city, etc that elects and is represented by a councillor in local government （城市的）区（可选出一名地方议员的）: * There are three candidates standing for election in this ward. 这一区里有叁名候选人参加竞选. 3 person, esp a child, who is under the care of a guardian or the protection of a lawcourt 由监护人或法院保护的人（尤指儿童）: * She invested the money on behalf of her ward. 她代表受她监护的人投资. * The child was made a ward of court. 那个孩子由法院监护. 4 (usu pl 通常作复数) any one of the notches or projections in a key or lock (designed to prevent the lock being opened by any key except the right one) （钥匙或锁中的）一个凹处或凸处.5 (idm 习语) a ,ward in `chancery (in Britain) person, usu a child, whose affairs are looked after by the Lord Chancellor (eg because of the death of the ward's parents)（英国）由大法官监护的人（尤指儿童, 如因其父母去世）. 派生： ward v (phr v) ward sb/sth off keep away (sb/sth that is dangerous or unpleasant); fend sb/sth off 避开（危险的或讨厌的人[事物]）; 挡开某人[某事物]: ward off blows, disease, danger, intruders 避开打击、 疾病、 危险、 闯入者.

warden
[5wC:dn; 5wCrdn] n 1 person responsible for supervising sth 负责监督、 监护或监管的人: * a game warden 猎物繁殖与保护区的管理员 * a traffic warden 处理违章停车的交通管理员 * the warden of a youth hostel 青年招待所管理员. 2 title of the heads of certain colleges and other institutions 某些学院及其他机构负责人的称谓: * the Warden of Merton College, Oxford 牛津大学默顿学院院长. 3 (US) governor of a prison 监狱长.

warder
[5wC:dE(r); 5wCrdl] n (fem 阴性作 wardress/ 5wR:drIs; `wRrdrIs/) (Brit) person who works as a guard in a prison; jailer （监狱的）看守人.

wardrobe
[5wC:drEub; 5wCrd7rob] n 1 place where clothes are stored, usu a large cupboard with shelves and a rail for hanging things on 衣柜: * a built-in wardrobe, ie one that forms part of the wall of a room 壁橱. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xvi. 2 (usu sing 通常作单数) person's stock of clothes （个人的）全部衣物: * an extensive wardrobe of elegant dresses 个人所有的大批华美的连衣裙 * buy a new winter wardrobe 购买个人全部新冬装.3 stock of costumes worn by actors in a theatrical company（剧团的）全部戏装. 复合： `wardrobe master, `wardrobe mistress person responsible for looking after the costumes in a theatrical company 剧团服装保管员.

wardroom
[5wC:drum, -ru:m; 5wCrd7rum, -7rum] n place in a warship where all the commissioned officers except the commanding officer live and eat; mess-room （军舰上除舰长以外的军官的）起居室和餐厅, 食堂.

ware
[weE(r); wer] n 1 [U] (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) (a) manufactured goods (of the specified type) （某类）制造品: * `ironware 铁器 * `hardware 五金制品 * `silverware 银器. (b) pottery or porcelain of a particular type or made for a particular purpose （为某用途的）陶器, 瓷器: * `earthenware 陶器 * `ovenware 烤箱用器皿. 2 wares [pl] (dated 旧) articles offered for sale (often not in a shop) 商品（常指不在商店中的）: * advertise, display, sell, peddle one's wares 为自己的货物做广告、 陈列货物、 出售货物、 兜售货物. 复合： warehouse[5weEhaus; 5wer7haus] n (a) building where goods are stored before being sent to shops 货仓. (b) building where furniture is stored for its owners （存放家具的）栈房. v [Tn] store (sth) in a warehouse 将（某物）存入货仓或栈房: * the cost of warehousing goods 仓储费.

warfare
=> war.

warily
=> wary.

wariness
=> wary.

warm
1[wC:m; wCrm] adj (-er, -est) 1 (a) of or at a fairly high temperature, between cool and hot 温暖的; 暖和的: * The weather is a bit warmer today. 今天暖和一点儿了. * gusts of warm air 一阵阵温暖的空气 * Food for a baby should be warm, not hot. 给婴儿吃的东西应该是温的, 不能是烫的. (b) (of a person) having the normal body temperature, or a raised skin temperature (because of exercise, air temperature or excitement) （指人）体温正常的; （因运动、 气温或激动）皮肤发热的: * The patient must be kept warm. 这个病人须保持正常体温. * Come and get warm by the fire. 来烤烤火暖和暖和. * I'm much too warm in here please open the window. 我觉得这儿太热了--请把窗户打开. * have warm hands and feet 手脚都很热. (c) (of clothing) that keeps the body from becoming cold （指衣物）保暖的: * a warm pullover 暖和的套头毛衣 * Put on your warmest clothes before you go out in the snow. 下雪天外出要穿上最暖和的衣服. (d) (of work, exercise, etc) causing a feeling of heat （指工作、 运动等）使人感到热的: * Sawing logs is warm work. 锯原木这工作干起来浑身发热. * It was a warm climb to the summit. 向顶峰攀登时身上都热起来了. Cf 参看 cold1, hot. 2 showing enthusiasm; hearty 热情的; 热心的: * warm applause, congratulations, thanks 热诚的掌声、 祝贺、 感谢 * a warm recommendation热情的推荐 * give sb a warm welcome 热烈欢迎某人* a warm invitation to stay with sb 热情邀请与某人同住 * get a warm (ie strongly welcoming or hostile)reception 受到怀着激情的对待（热烈欢迎或强烈敌意）.3 sympathetic or affectionate 同情的; 示爱的: * She is a warm kindly person. 她是个和蔼可亲的人. * He has a warm heart. 他心肠热. * warm feelings of love and gratitude 热爱与感激之情. 4 (of colours, sounds, etc) pleasantly suggesting warmth （指颜色、 声音等）暖调的: * The room was furnished in warm reds and browns. 这个房间是用红色和棕色装饰的暖色调.

warm1
* The orchestra had a distinctively warm and mellow sound. 这个管弦乐队演奏的特色是声音优美柔和. 5 (a) (of a scent in hunting) recently made and easily followed by the hounds; fresh （指猎物的气味）不久前留下的（猎犬容易跟踪的）, 新鲜的. (b) [pred 作表语] (in a guessing game or game of hide-and-seek) near to the object, word, etc that is being looked for （在猜谜或捉迷藏游戏中）将要猜中, 接近目标: * You're getting warm. 你猜得差不多了. * Am I getting warmer? 我是不是离要找的目标更近了? 6 (idm 习语) keep sb's `seat, etc warm (for him) (infml 口) occupy a seat, post, etc temporarily so that it is available for sb later 为某人占坐位、 暂留职位等. make it/things warm for sb (infml 口) make things unpleasant or make trouble for sb; punish sb 刁 难某人; 找某人的麻烦; 整某人; 惩罚某人. (as) warm as `toast (infml 口) very warm; pleasantly warm 十分温暖; 暖洋洋: * We lit the fire and were soon as warm as toast. 我们生起了火, 很快就觉得暖烘烘的了. 派生： warmly adv in a warm manner 温暖地; 暖和地; 热情地; 热烈地: warmly dressed 穿得很暖和 * He thanked us all warmly. 他衷心地感谢我们大家. * I can warmly recommend it. 我诚心诚意推荐它. warmth/wC:mW; wCrmW] n [U] (a) (also warmness) state of being warm 温暖; 暖和: * the warmth of the climate气候之温暖. (b) moderate heat 适当的热度: * Warmth is needed for the seeds to germinate. 种子发芽需要适当的温度. (c) strength of feeling 感情的强度: * He was touched by the warmth of their welcome. 他受到他们热情欢迎, 十分感动. * She denied the accusation with some warmth, ie strenuously, forcefully. 她有些激动, 竭力否认这一指责. 复合： ,warm-`blooded adj (a) (of animals) having a constant blood temperature (in the range 36C-42C); not cold-blooded like snakes, etc （指动物）温血的（在36C-42C之间, 与蛇类等冷血动物不同的）.

warm2
(b) (of a person) having feelings, passions, etc that are easily roused; ardent （指人）容易动感情的, 热心的, 热情的. ,warm-`hearted adj kind and sympathetic 热心肠的. ,warm-`heartedness n [U].

warn
[wC:n; wCrn] v 1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.f, Dn.w] ~ sb (of sth) give sb notice of sth, esp possible danger or unpleasant consequences; inform sb in advance of what may happen 提醒某人（尤指可能有危险的或有不良後果的事）; 预先通知某人; 警告: * `Mind the step,’ she warned. ‘小心脚底下,’她提醒道. * I tried to warn him, but he wouldn't listen. 我事先跟他说过, 可他就是不听. * She has been warned of the danger of driving the car in that state. 已经告诉过她, 汽车这个样子开起来有危险. * The police are warning (motorists) of possible delays. 警方通知（驾驶汽车的人）交通可能受阻. * If you warn me in advance, I will have your order ready for you. 你若预先通知我, 我就能给您准备好了. * They warned her that if she did it again she would be sent to prison. 他们警告她说她再这麽干就把她关进监狱. * I had been warned what to expect. 事先已经告诉过我要出这种事. (b) [Tn.pr] ~ sb about/against sb/sth; ~ sb against doing sth put sb on his guard against sb/sth 让某人警惕或提防某人[某事物]: * He warned us against pickpockets. 他告诉我们要小心扒手. * The police have warned shopkeepers about the forged banknotes. 警方已通知各店主留意伪钞. * The doctor warned us against overtiring the patient. 医生让我们注意病人不可过劳. (c) [Dn.t] advise sb (not) to do sth 建议或劝告某人（不要）做某事: * They were warned not to climb the mountain in such bad weather. 已经劝过他们天气这麽坏不要攀登那座山. * She warned them to be careful. 她告诉他们务必小心. 2 (phr v) warn sb off (sth/doing sth) give sb notice that he must go or stay away, eg from private property 通知某人离开或不要接触（如私人的地方）: * I had been warned off visiting her while she was still unwell. 已经告诉我她还没好不要去看她. 派生： warning n 1 [C] statement, event, etc that warns 提醒或警告的言语或事情: She has received a written warning about her conduct. 她已接获对她操行的书面警告.

warn1
* Her warnings were ignored. 她提出的警告没有引起注意. * a gale warning to shipping 向船只发出的大风警告 * Let that be a warning to you, ie Let that (accident, misfortune, etc) teach you to be more careful in future. 你要把这件事引为鉴戒. * a warning of future difficulties 将有重重困难的先兆 * [attrib 作定语] warning lights, shots 示警的灯、 枪声. 2 [U] act of warning or state of being warned 提醒; 警告: The attack occurred without (advance) warning, ie unexpectedly. 没有（预先）警告就发动了攻击. * You should take warning from (ie be warned by) what happened to me. 你应以我的事情引为鉴戒. * The speaker sounded a note of warning, ie spoke of possible danger. 那个演讲的人提出有可能发生危险.

warp
1[wC:p; wCrp] v [I, Tn] 1 (cause sth to) become bent or twisted from the usual or natural shape, esp because of uneven shrinkage or expansion （使某物）弯曲, 翘棱（尤指因收缩或伸展不均所致）: * The damp wood began to warp. 这块潮湿的木材有些翘棱了. * The hot sun had warped the cover of the book. 太阳把这本书的书皮晒弯了. 2 (fig 比喻) (cause sb/sth to) become biased, distorted or perverted （使某人[某事物]）有偏见, 受曲解, 反常: * His judgement was warped by self-interest. 他受私心影响判断不确. * a warped mind, sense of humour 反常的想法、 幽默感. 派生： warp n (usu sing 通常作单数) warped condition 弯曲; 翘棱; 偏见; 曲解; 反常: a warp in his character 他个性中的偏狭 * a time warp （科幻小说中的）时间错位.

warrant
[5wCrEnt; - 'wC:r-; 5wCrEnt] n 1 [C] ~ (for sth) (a) written order giving authority to do sth 授权命令: * issue a warrant for sb's arrest 发出逮捕某人的逮捕状 * a death-/search-warrant 死刑执行令[搜查证] * A warrant is out for his arrest/against him. 已经发出了可逮捕他的逮捕证. (b) voucher that entitles the holder to receive goods, money, services, etc （可得到货物、 钱、 服务等的）凭证, 证件: * a travel warrant 通行证 * a warrant for dividends on shares 股息单. 2 ~ for sth/doing sth [U] (fml 文) justification or authorization for (an action, etc) 正当理由; 根据: * He had no warrant for doing that/what he did. 他那样做毫无道理. 派生： warrant v 1 [Tn] (fml 文) be a warrant(2) for (sth); justify or deserve 证明（某事物）正当、 有理或恰当: Nothing can warrant such severe punishment. 这样严厉的惩罚毫无根据. * Her interference was not warranted.她干涉得毫无道理. * The crisis warrants special measures.大难当头有必要采取特别措施. 2 [usu passive 通常用於被动语态: Tn, Cn.a, Cn.n, Cn.t] guarantee (sth) as genuine 保证（某物）为真品或正品: This material is warranted (to be) pure silk. 这种料子保证是纯丝的.3 (idm 习语) I('ll) warrant (you) (dated 旧) I assure or promise you 我（向你）保证: The trouble isn't over yet, I'll warrant you. 麻烦事并没有完, 我可以给你打包票. warrantee[7wCrEn'ti:; - 7wC:r-; 7wCrEn'ti] n person to whom a warranty(1) is made 被保证人; 被担保人. warrantor[5wCrEntC:(r); - 'wC:r-; 5wCrEn7tCr] n person who makes a warranty(1) 保证人; 担保人. warranty[5wCrEnti; - 'wC:r-; 5wCrEnti] n 1 [C, U] (written or printed) guarantee, esp one given to the buyer of an article, promising to repair or replace it if necessary （商品的）保证书, 保单, 保证: * It is foolish to buy a car without a warranty. 购买没有保单的汽车是愚蠢的.

warrant1
* The machine is still under warranty. 这台机器仍在保修期内. 2 [U] (fml 文) authority 权威; 根据: * What warranty have you for doing this? 你这样做有什麽根据? 复合： `warrant-officer n (a) (Brit) non-commissioned officer of the highest grade in the army, air force or marines （陆军、 空军或海军陆战队的）准尉. =>App 9 见附录9. (b) (US) non-commissioned officer of the highest grade in the army, air force, navy or marine corps （陆军、 空军、 海军或海军陆战队的）准尉. =>App 9 见附录9.

warren
[5wCrEn; - 'wC:rEn; 5wCrEn] n 1 area of land with many burrows in which rabbits live and breed 兔子繁殖场; 养兔场. 2 (fig 比喻) (usu over-populated) building or district with many narrow passages, where it is difficult to find one's way （通常为过分拥挤的）多狭窄通道易迷路的建 或地区: * lost in a warren of narrow streets 在纵横交错的狭窄街道上迷了路.

warrior
[5wCriE(r); - 'wC:r-; 5wCril] n 1 (fml 文) (esp formerly) person who fights in battle; soldier （尤指旧时）武士, 勇士, 战士: * [attrib 作定语] a warrior nation, ie fond of or skilled in fighting 善战的民族. 2 member of a tribe who fights for his tribe 部落的武士: * a Zulu warrior 祖鲁人的武士.

wart
[wC:t; wCrt] n 1 (a) small hard dry growth on the skin 疣; 瘊子. (b) similar growth on a plant 树瘤.2 (idm 习语) ,warts and `all (infml 口) without concealing blemishes or unattractive features 不隐瞒缺点: * You agreed to marry me, warts and all! 是你同意和我结婚的, 我又没掩饰缺陷. 派生： warty adj covered in warts 有疣的; 长着瘊子的; 有树瘤的. 复合： `wart-hog n any of several types of African wild pig with two large tusks and wart-like growths on the face 疣猪（产於非洲, 有一对獠牙, 脸部有肉疣）.

wary
[5weEri; 5weri] adj (-ier, -iest) ~ (of sb/sth) looking out for possible danger or difficulty; cautious （对可能发生的危险或困难）留意的, 小心的, 警惕的: * keep a wary eye on sb 密切注意某人 * She was wary of strangers. 她很警惕陌生人. * be wary of giving offence 唯恐冒犯他人. > warily[-rEli; -rEli] adv: * They approached the stranger warily. 他们小心翼翼地和那个陌生人接触. wariness n [U].

was
=> be.

wash
1[wCF; wCF] n 1 [C usu sing 通常作单数] act of cleaning or being cleaned with water 洗; 洗涤: * He looks as if he needs a good (ie thorough) wash. 他看样子得好好洗洗了. * have a wash (and brush up), ie wash oneself (and make oneself tidy, brush one's hair, etc) （梳）洗一下 * Please give the car a wash. 请把汽车冲洗一下. * The colour has faded after only two washes. 这个颜色只洗两水就退色了. * a cold wash, ie a wash in cold water 用冷水洗. 2 (a) the wash [sing] process of laundering clothes 洗熨衣物: * All my shirts are in/have gone to the wash, ie are being laundered. 我所有的衬衣都洗着呢. (b) [C usu sing 通常作单数] quantity of clothes, sheets, etc (to be) washed （要）洗的衣物的数量: * There is a large wash this week. 本星期有很多衣物要洗. * When does the wash come back from the laundry? 送到洗衣店的衣服什麽时候取回来? 3 [sing] (sound made by) disturbed water or air, eg behind a moving ship, aircraft, etc 搅动的水或空气（的声音）（如航行中的船、 飞机等後面的）: * the wash of the waves against the side of the boat 波浪拍打船舷的声音 * the wash made by the steamer's propellers 汽船螺旋桨搅动的水. 4 [C] thin layer of water-colour painted on a surface （水彩的）薄涂层. 5 [U] waste scraps of food mixed in liquid and given to pigs to eat; swill （剩汤菜混合的）猪饲料.6 (idm 习语) come out in the `wash (infml 口) (of mistakes, etc) come right or be put right eventually, without any harm being done （指错误等）最後完全正确或得以纠正（未造成损失）. 复合： `washboard n board with ridges on it used (esp formerly) for rubbing clothes on when washing them 搓板. `wash-day n (dated 旧) day on which clothes are washed 洗衣日. `wash-drawing n drawing done with a brush in a black or neutral water-colour 水墨画.

washer
[5wCFE(r); - 'wC:-; 5wCFl] n 1 small flat ring made of rubber, metal, plastic, etc placed between two surfaces (eg under a nut) to make a screw or joint tight, prevent leakage, etc 垫圈（橡胶、 金属、 塑料等的小扁环, 垫在被连接件如螺母下使之更紧、 防漏等）. =>illus at bolt 见bolt插图. 2 (infml 口) automatic machine for washing clothes 洗衣机.

washing
[5wCFiN; - 'wC:-; 5wCFiN] n 1 [C, U] (act of) washing or being washed 洗; 洗涤: * The sweater had shrunk after repeated washing(s). 这件套头毛衣洗过多次已缩水了. * Washing is a chore. 洗衣服是烦人的事. 2 [U] clothes being washed or to be washed （正在洗的或待洗的）衣物: * hang the washing on the line to dry 把洗好的衣物晾在绳子上 * put a load of washing in the washing-machine 把要洗的衣物放到洗衣机里 * Send one's (dirty) washing to the laundry. 把要洗的（脏）衣物送到洗衣店去. 复合： `washing-machine n electric machine for washing clothes 洗衣机. `washing-powder n [U] soap or detergent in the form of powder for washing clothes 洗衣粉. `washing-soda n [U] = sodium carbonate (sodium).

washy
[5wCFi; - 'wC:-; 5wCFi] adj (derog 贬) 1 (of colours) pale （指颜色）苍白的. 2 (of liquids) (too) watery; thin or weak （指液体）（过於）稀薄的, 淡的: * washy coffee 很淡的咖啡. 3 lacking force, vigour or clarity 无力的; 无活力的; 不清晰的: * washy encouragement, ideas, plans 不起作用的鼓励、 主意、 计画. Cf 参看 wishy-washy.

wasn't
=> be.

wasp
[wCsp; wasp] n any of several types of flying insect, the most common of which has black and yellow stripes, a narrow waist and a powerful sting in its tail 黄蜂. 派生： waspish adj (derog 贬) making sharp comments or replies; irritable or snappish 尖刻的; 易怒的; 暴躁的: waspish remarks 刻薄的言语. waspishly adv. waspishness n [U]. 复合： ,wasp-`waisted adj (dated 旧) (esp of a woman) having a very slender waist （尤指女子）细腰的.

wassail
[5wCseil; 5wasel] n [U] (arch 古) merry-making (esp at Christmas) with eating and drinking 饮宴取乐（尤指圣诞节时）. > wassail v [I]: * go wassailing 去饮酒取乐.

wastage
[5weistidV; 5westidV] n [U] (a) amount that is wasted 损耗量: * You must allow for five per cent wastage in transit. 在运输中要允许有百分之五的损耗量. (b) loss caused by waste 损耗; 耗损: * The retailer has to absorb the cost of wastage. 零售商须承受耗损的费用. * natural wastage, ie loss of employees because they retire or move to other jobs and not through redundancy 自然减员（因雇员退休或离职造成的, 并非人为裁减）.

waste
1[weist; west] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] 1 (of land) that is not (fit to be) used; not inhabited or cultivated （指土地）不（能）使用的, 无人烟的, 未开垦的: * an area of waste ground 一片荒地. 2 no longer useful and to be thrown away 因无用而可抛弃的: * waste matter produced by the manufacturing process 生产过程中产生的废料. 3 (idm 习语) lay sth `waste (fml 文) destroy crops in (land, etc), esp during a war; ravage sth 毁坏（地里的）作物（尤指战时）; 使某处荒芜: * fields laid waste by the invading army 被侵略军糟蹋而荒芜的土地. 复合： `wasteland n (a) area of land that is not or cannot be used; barren or desolate land 未使用的或不能使用的土地; 不毛之地; 荒地: an industrial wasteland, ie an area that has been spoilt by industrial development and is no longer used 工业发展造成的废地. (b) (fig 比喻) situation or life that is culturally or spiritually unproductive 文化上或精神上贫乏的环境或生活. ,waste-`paper n [U] paper that is thought to be spoilt or no longer useful; scrap paper 废纸. ,waste-`paper basket (Brit) (US `waste-basket, `waste-bin) basket or other container for paper, etc that is to be thrown away 废纸篓; 废物箱. `waste product useless by-product of a physical or industrial process 排泄物; （生产中的）无用的副产品.

wastrel
[5weistrEl; 5westrEl] (also waster) n (fml 文) lazy good-for-nothing person 懒惰而无用的人.

watch
1[wCtF; watF] n 1 [C] (a) (in a ship) period of duty (usu four hours) for part of the crew （船上的）部分船员值班时间（通常为四小时）: * the middle watch, ie midnight to 4 am 午夜值勤（午夜至凌晨4时） * the `dog watches, ie 4 pm to 6 pm and 6 pm to 8 pm 二时班（下午4时至6时和6时至8时各一班）. (b) part (usu half) of a ship's crew on duty during such a period 值班船员（通常为全体船员的半数）. 2 [sing] (a) the watch (formerly) body of men employed to go through the streets, esp at night, in order to protect people and their property （旧时）受雇的街道巡逻队（尤指夜间的）: * the constables of the watch 街道巡逻队队员 * call out the watch 召唤巡逻人员. (b) person or group of people employed to watch sb/sth （受雇的）看守人: * The police put a watch on the suspect's house. 警方派人监视那个可疑人的住宅. 3 [C usu pl 通常作复数] (arch or fml 古或文) period of time when one is awake during the night 夜里醒着的时间: * in the long watches of the night 夜里不眠的漫长时间. 4 (idm 习语) keep `watch (for sb/sth) stay watching (for sb/sth) （为某人[某事物]）注视或监视: * post a guard to keep `watch while the others sleep 派一个警卫在大家睡觉时放哨. keep a close eye/watch on sb/sth => close1. on `watch on duty, eg as a member of a ship's crew or as a guard 值班（如船员或警卫人员）. (be) on (the) `watch (for sb/sth) (be) watching for sb/sth, esp possible danger 注意, 提防（尤指可能发生的危险）: * Be on the watch for a sudden change in the patient's condition. 要密切注意病人病情可能突然变化. * The police warned people to be on the watch for intruders. 警方预先通知大家防备有外人闯入. 派生： watchful[-fl; -fEl] adj watching or observing closely; alert 密切注意的; 警惕的: * keep a watchful eye on sth 密切注意某事物. watchfully[-fEli; -fEli]

watch1
adv. watchfulness n [U]. 复合： `watch-dog n (a) dog that is kept to guard property, esp a house 看门狗. (b) (fig 比喻) person, group, etc that acts as a guardian of people's rights, etc （监护人们权利等的）监察人, 监察组织: [attrib 作定语] a watch-dog committee 监察委员会. `watchman[-mEn; -mEn] n (pl -men[-mEn; -mEn] ) person employed to guard a building (eg a bank, an office building or a factory), esp at night （受雇看守建 物, 如银行、 办公楼或工厂的）警卫员, 看守人（尤指夜间的）. `watch-night service religious service that takes place on the last night of the year （除夕举行的）守岁礼拜. `watch-tower n high tower from which guards keep watch, eg in a forest to look for forest fires, or a fortified observation post 了望台.

watchword
[5wCtFwE:d; 5watF7wEd] n 1 word or phrase that expresses briefly the principles of a party or group; slogan or catchphrase 口号; 标语: * Our watchword is: * `Evolution, not revolution'. 我们的口号是: * ‘要循序渐进, 不要剧烈变革.’ 2 = password (pass1).

water
1[5wC:tE(r); 5wCtl] n 1 (a) [U] liquid without colour, smell or taste that falls as rain, is in lakes, rivers and seas, and is used for drinking, washing, etc 水: * Water is changed into steam by heat and into ice by cold. 水加热变蒸汽, 冷却後结冰. * Fish live in (the) water. 鱼在水中生活. * `drinking water 饮用水 * `mineral water 矿泉水. (b) [U] this liquid as supplied to homes, factories, etc in pipes 自来水: * The water was turned off for several hours a day during the drought. 在乾旱时, 每天有几小时停止供应自来水. * The houses in this village are without water. 这个村子里家家户户都没有自来水. * hot and cold running water, ie a supply of hot and cold water piped to taps 热的和凉的自来水 * [attrib 作定语] water rationing, shortages 自来水定量供应、 短缺. (c) [sing] mass of this liquid, esp a lake, river or sea大片的水; （尤指）湖, 河, 海: * She fell in the water and drowned. 她落水淹死了. * The flood water covered the whole area. 洪水把整个地区都淹没了. (d) [sing] surface of a lake, river, sea, etc （湖、 河、 海等的）水面: * float on the water 漂浮在水面上 * swim under the water 潜泳 * We could see fishes under the water. 我们看见水面下有各种鱼. 2 [U] (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) preparation containing water or sth similar to water 含水的或似水的制剂: * `rose-water 玫瑰香水 * `lavender-water 薰衣草香水 * `soda-water 苏打水. 3 waters [pl] (a) mass of water (in a lake, river, etc) （湖、 河等的）水域: * the (`head-)waters of the Nile, ie the lake from which it flows 尼罗河的源头 * The waters of the lake flow out over a large waterfall. 这个湖的水流出後形成一个大瀑布. * the stormy waters of the Atlantic 大西洋多暴风雨的海域. (b) sea near a particular country （某国附近的）海域: * British (territorial) waters 英国的海域

water1
* in home/foreign waters 在本国的[他国的]领海. 4 [U] state or level of the tide 潮水; 潮水的水位: * (at) high/low water （处於）高[低]潮. 5 (idm 习语) be in/get into hot water => hot. blood is thicker than water => blood1.bread and water => bread. by water by boat, ship, barge, etc 由水路; 乘船: * transported by water 经水运 * You can reach the house by water. 可乘船抵达那所房子那里. cast one's bread upon the waters => cast1. hell or high water => hell. take the `waters visit a spa in order to drink or bathe in the spring water there to improve one's health 到矿泉疗养地（喝矿泉水或以矿泉水沐浴促进健康）. fish in troubled waters => fish2. a fish out of water => fish1. go through fire and water => fire1. hold `water (infml 口) (of an argument, an excuse, a theory, etc) be capable of standing up to examination or testing; be valid （指辩论、 借口、 理论等）经得起检验的, 站得住脚的. in deep water => deep1. in smooth water => smooth1. keep one's head above water => head1. like a duck to water => duck1. like `water (infml 口) in great quantity; lavishly or recklessly 大量的; 无节制的; 不顾後果的: * spend money like water 挥金如土 * The wine flowed like water at the party. 在宴会上大家开怀畅饮, 酒似流水. a lot of/much water has flowed, etc under the `bridge many things have happened (since an event, etc) and the situation is different now （自从某件事以来）已发生了很多事, 情况不同了. make `water (of a ship) have a leak （指船）漏水: * We're making water (ie Water is coming into the ship) fast. 我们的船漏水漏得很厉害. make/pass `water (fml 文) urinate 排泄尿; 撒尿. milk and water => milk1. muddy the waters => muddy (mud). of the first water => first1. pour/throw cold water on sth => cold1. pour oil on troubled waters => pour. still waters run deep => still1. throw out the baby with the bath water => baby. tread water => tread. under `water (a) in and covered by water 在水中并被水没过:

water2
* swimming under water 潜泳. (b) flooded 被水淹没: * Several fields are under water after the heavy rain. 大雨过後有几片耕地被淹. (like) water off a `duck's `back (esp of criticisms, etc) without any effect (on sb) （尤指批评等）（对某人）不起作用: * Their hints about his behaviour were (like) water off a duck's back.他们示意他举止不当, 如同对牛弹琴. water under the`bridge event, mistake, etc that has already occurred and cannot be altered, so there is no point in worrying about it 已经发生的事情、 错误等无法更改, 犯不上烦恼: * Last year's dispute is (all) water under the bridge now. 去年的争论（都）已是覆水难收了. you can take a horse to water, but you can't make it drink => horse. 派生： waterless adj (esp of an area of land) without water （尤指一地区）无水的: waterless deserts 无水的沙漠. 复合： `water-bed n mattress for sleeping on, made of rubber or plastic and filled with water 水床（橡胶或塑料制的充水床垫）. `water-bird n any of several types of bird that swim or wade in (esp fresh) water 水鸟, 水禽（尤指淡水中的）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page v. `water-biscuit n thin crisp unsweetened biscuit, usu eaten with butter and cheese 一种薄而脆的不甜的饼乾（通常与黄油和奶酪一起食用）. `water-borne adj (a) (of goods) carried by water （指货物）水运的. (b) (of diseases) spread by the use of contaminated water （指疾病）由污染的水传染的. `water-bottle n (a) glass container for drinking-water, eg at table or in a bedroom 玻璃水瓶（如桌上或卧室中用的）. (b) (US canteen) metal flask for carrying drinking-water, used by a soldier, scout, etc 携带式金属水壶（士兵或童子军等用的）. `water-buffalo n (pl unchanged or ~es 复数或不变或作water-buffaloes) common domestic Indian buffalo 水牛. `water-butt n = butt1 2. `water-cannon n machine that produces a powerful jet of water, used eg to disperse a crowd of rioters 水炮（强力喷水器, 如用以驱散暴乱人群的）.

water3
`water-closet n (abbr 缩写 WC) (dated 旧) = lavatory. `water-colour (US -color) n 1 `water-colours [pl] paints (to be) mixed with water and not oil 水彩（颜料）. 2 [C] picture painted with such paints 水彩画. `water-cooled adj cooled by water circulating round it 用循环水冷却的; 水冷的: a water-cooled engine, nuclear reactor 水冷式发动机、 核反应堆. `watercourse n (channel of a) stream, brook or man-made waterway 河道; 水道; 渠道. `watercress n [U] type of cress that grows in streams and pools, with strong-tasting peppery leaves used in salads 水田芥（生长於溪流和水塘中的植物, 叶辛辣, 用以制色拉）. `water-diviner n = diviner (divine 2). `waterfall n stream or river that falls from a height, eg over rocks or a cliff 瀑布. `water-fowl n (pl unchanged 复数不变) (usu pl 通常作复数) bird that swims and lives near or on water, esp one of the types that are hunted for sport 水鸟, 水禽（尤指视为猎物的）. `waterfront n street, part of a town, etc that is next to water (eg a harbour or the sea) 滨水路, 滨水区（如港口或海边的）. `water-hammer n [U] knocking noise in a pipe when water is turned on or off 水锤现象, 水击作用（水龙头开或关时水管发出的打击声）. `water-hole n shallow depression in which water collects (esp in the bed of a river that is otherwise dry and to which animals go to drink) 水坑（尤指河床乾涸时的积水部分, 为动物饮水处）. `water-ice n [C, U] (portion of) frozen water flavoured with fruit juice and sugar, served as a dessert 雪糕（水加果汁和糖冷冻的甜食）. `water-jump n (in show-jumping, steeplechases, etc) place where a horse has to jump over water, eg a ditch or a fence with water beside it （超越障碍赛马等的）水沟障碍. `water-level n (a) surface of water in a reservoir, etc （水库等的）水平面: below the water-level 在水平面以下.

water4
(b) height of this 水位; 水准; 水平: raise the water-level 提高水位. `water-lily n any of several types of plant that grow in water, and have broad floating leaves and white, yellow, blue or red flowers 睡莲. `water-line n line along which the surface of the water touches a ship's side （船的）吃水线, 水线: the load water-line, ie the water-line when the ship is loaded 载重水线（船载重後的） * the light water-line, ie the water-line when the ship is empty of cargo 空载水线（船未载重的）. `waterlogged[-lCgd; - -lC:gd; -7lCgd] adj (a) (of timber) so saturated with water or (of a ship) so full of water that it will barely float （指木材）浸透水的, （指船）浸满水的（失去浮力的）. (b) (of land) so saturated with water that it cannot hold any more; thoroughly soaked （指土地）水浸的: * The match had to be abandoned because the pitch was waterlogged. 那场比赛因场地汪水只好取消. `water-main n main pipe in a water-supply system 总水管. `waterman[-mEn; -mEn] n (pl -men[-mEn; -mEn] ) boatman who ferries people or hires out his boat 船夫; 船工; 船东. `watermark n 1 manufacturer's design in some types of paper, which can be seen when the paper is held against the light （某些种类的纸上印制的）水印. 2 mark that shows how high water (eg the tide or a river) has risen or how low it has fallen 水位标志（如潮水或河流的）. `water-meadow n meadow that is fertile because it is periodically flooded by a stream 常浸水因而肥沃的草地. `water-melon n [C, U] large smooth-skinned melon with juicy pink or red flesh and black seeds 西瓜: eating a slice of water-melon 吃一块西瓜. `water-mill n mill with machinery that is operated by water-power 水磨. `water-pistol n toy gun that shoots a jet of water 玩具水枪. `water polo game played by two teams of swimmers who try to throw a ball into a goal 水球运动.

water5
`water-power n [U] power obtained from flowing or falling water, used to drive machinery or generate electric current 水力. `waterproof adj that cannot be penetrated by water 不透水的; 防水的: waterproof fabric 防水织物. n garment made from waterproof fabric, esp a raincoat 用防水织物制成的衣服; （尤指）雨衣. v [Tn] make (sth) waterproof 使（某物）防水. `water-rat n rat-like animal that swims in water and lives in a hole beside a river, lake, etc 水鼠. `water-rate n (Brit) charge made for the use of water from a public water-supply （自来）水费. `watershed n (a) line of high land where streams on one side flow into one river or sea and streams on the other side flow into a different river or sea 分水线; 分水岭. (b) (fig 比喻) turning-point in a course of events 事情发展中的转折点: Her visit to India proved to be a watershed in her life. 她的印度之行成了她一生的转折点. `waterside n [sing] edge of a river, lake or sea 河边; 湖畔; 海滨: stroll along the waterside 沿水边散步 * [attrib 作定语] a waterside housing development 沿海滨兴建新住宅. `water-ski n (pl -skis) (usu pl 通常作复数) either of a pair of flat boards on which a person stands in order to ski on water 滑水橇: a pair of water-skis 一副滑水橇. `water-skiing n [U] sport of skiing on water while being towed along at speed by a fast motor boat 水橇运动（由摩托艇牵引运动员在水面上踏橇滑行的运动）. `water-softener n [C, U] device or substance that softens hard water 硬水软化器; 软水剂. `waterspout n funnel-shaped column of water between the sea and the clouds, formed when a whirlwind draws up a whirling mass of water 水龙卷. `water-supply n (usu sing 通常作单数) (a) system of providing and storing water 给水（系统）. (b) amount of water stored for a town, district, building, etc （城镇、 地区、 建 物等的）存水量.

water6
`water-table n level below which the ground is saturated with water 地下水位: The water-table has been lowered by drought. 地下水位因乾旱已降低. `watertight adj 1 made or fastened so that water cannot get in or out 防止水进入或流出的; 水密的: a watertight compartment, joint, seal 水密室、 水密接合、水密封. 2 (fig 比喻) (a) (of an excuse or alibi) impossible to disprove （指借口或不在犯罪现场的申辩）无懈可击的. (b) (of an agreement) drawn up so that there is no chance of anyone misunderstanding or avoiding any part of it （指协议）严密的, 无漏洞的. `water-tower n tower that holds a water-tank at a height that ensures enough pressure for distributing a water-supply （自来）水塔. `waterway n route for travel by water (eg a canal or channel in a river where the water is deep enough for ships) 水路; 航道. `water-wheel n wheel turned by a flow of water, used to work machinery 水轮. `water-wings n [pl] pair of floats worn on the shoulders by a person who is learning to swim 水翼（学游泳的人套在双肩上的浮袋）. `waterworks n 1 [sing or pl v] building with pumping machinery, etc for supplying water to a district 自来水厂. 2 [pl] (infml euph 口, 婉) (functioning of) the body's urinary system 人体泌尿系统（的功能）: Are your waterworks all right? 你泌尿系统正常吗? 3 (idm 习语) turn on the `waterworks (infml derog 口, 贬) (start to) cry 哭起来. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: When water is heated to 100 degrees Celsius, it boils and becomes steam. 水加热（heat）到100摄氏度时, 沸腾（boil）变成水蒸气（steam）.*When steam touches a cold surface, it condenses and becomes water again. 水蒸气接触到冷的物体表面时, 凝结（condense）又变成水. When water is cooled below 0 degrees Celsius, it freezes and becomes ice. 水冷却（cool）到0摄氏度以下时, 冻结（freeze）成冰（ice）. *If the temperature increases, the ice melts.温度上升时, 冰就融化（melt）. *When talking about frozen food or icy weather becoming warmer, we say it thaws. 冷冻的（frozen）食物或冰冷的（icy）天气变暖时, 称为解冻（thaw）. *Frozen food thaws or defrosts when we take it out of the freezer. 冷冻的食物从冷藏室取出解冻, 用thaw或defrost均可.

Waterloo
[7wC:tE'lu:; 7wCtl'lu] n (idm 习语) meet one's Waterloo => meet1.

watery
[5wC:tEri; 5wCtEri] adj 1 (a) of or like water （似）水的: * a watery consistency 稀薄似水的浓度 * (fig 比喻) a watery grave, ie death by drowning 溺毙. (b) (usu derog 通常作贬义) containing or cooked in too much water 含水过多的; （烹饪时）加水过多的: * watery coffee, soup, cabbage 加水过多的咖啡、 汤、 洋白菜. 2 (of colours) pale （指颜色）淡的. 3 (a) full of moisture 潮湿的; 湿润的: * watery eyes 水汪汪的眼睛 * a watery (ie weak and tearful) smile 含泪的微笑. (b) suggesting that there will be rain 有雨意的; 预兆下雨的 : * a watery moon, sun, sky 预兆要下雨的月光、 阳光、 天空.

watt
[wCt; wat] n unit of electrical power 瓦, 瓦特（电功率单位）: * [attrib 作定语] a 60-watt light-bulb 60瓦的灯泡. 派生： wattage[5wCtidV; 5watidV] n [U] amount of electrical power, expressed in watts 瓦特数; 瓦数: * a heater that runs on a very low wattage 瓦数很低的加热器.

wattle
1[5wCtl; 5watl] n 1 [U] structure of sticks or twigs woven under and over thicker upright sticks, used for fences, walls, etc 编条结构（用作篱笆、 围墙等）. 2 [C, U] any of several types of Australian acacia with long pliant branches and golden flowers （澳洲产的）金合欢树. 复合： ,wattle and `daub wattle1(1) covered with mud or clay and used, esp formerly, as a building-material for walls and roofs 泥笆墙（尤指旧时的）.

wave
1[weiv; wev] v 1 [I] (of a fixed object) move regularly and loosely to and fro or up and down （指固定的物体）往复或上下摆动或摇动: * a flag waving in the breeze 在微风中飘扬的旗子 * branches waving in the wind 随风摇动的树枝 * a field of waving corn 起伏的麦浪. 2 (a) [I, Ipr] ~ (at/to sb) (of a person) move one's hand to and fro or up and down, eg in order to attract sb's attention （指人）挥手, 招手, 摆手: * He waved (to us) when he saw us. 他看见我们时（向我们）挥了挥手. * They waved at us from across the room. 他们从房间那一头向我们招手. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p, Dpr.t] ~ sth (at sb); ~ sth about cause (one's hand or sth held in one's hand) to move up and down or to and fro, eg in order to make a signal or give a greeting 挥动（手或手中物）（如为示意或致意）: * wave a magic wand 挥动魔杖 * wave a hand, a flag, an umbrella (at sb) （向某人）招手、 摇旗子、 挥动伞 * He came out waving the document at the crowd. 他出来时向人群挥舞着文件. * wave one's arms (about) (in the air) 挥舞着双臂 * They waved to us to stay where we were. 他们向我们挥手, 要我们停在原地. (c) [Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (to sb) give (a greeting) (to sb) by waving one's hand 挥手（向某人）（致意）: * They waved farewell. 他们挥手告别. * wave sb goodbye/wave goodbye to sb 向某人挥手告别. 3 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) form a series of curves （使某物）呈波形: * Her hair waves beautifully. 她的鬈发很漂亮. * She has had her hair waved. 她烫发了. 4 (idm 习语) fly/show/wave the `flag => flag1. 5 (phr v) wave sb/sth along, away, on, etc show that (a person or vehicle) should move in the specified direction, by waving one's hand 向（某人或车）挥手示意向某方向移动: * She waved them away impatiently. 她不耐烦地挥手让他们走开. * The policeman waved us on, ie indicated that we should continue. 警察挥手让我们继续前进. wave sth aside dismiss (an objection, etc) as unimportant or irrelevant 不理会（反对意见等）:

wave1
* Their criticisms were waved aside. 他们提出的批评意见没人理会. wave sth/sb down signal to (a vehicle or its driver) to stop, by waving one's hand 挥手示意让（车或司机）停下来.

waveband
[5weivbAnd; 5wevbAnd] n = band 4.

wavelength
[5weivleNW; 5wev7leNW] n 1 distance between the corresponding points in a sound wave or an electromagnetic wave 波长. 2 length of the radio wave that a particular radio station uses to broadcast its programmes 波段. 3 (idm 习语) on the same wavelength => same1.

waver
[5weivE(r); 5wevl] v 1 [I] be or become weak or unsteady; falter 减弱; 动摇; 犹豫: * His courage never wavered. 他的勇气从未减弱. * Her steady gaze did not waver. 她目不转睛地注视着. * They did not waver in their support for him. 他们毫不动摇地支持他. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (between sth and sth) hesitate, esp about making a decision or choice; dither 犹豫不决; 踌躇: * While we were wavering, somebody else bought the house. 就在我们犹豫不决的时候, 别人把那所房子买下了. * waver between two points of view 在两种观点之间摇摆不定.3 [I] (esp of light) move unsteadily; flicker （尤指光线）摇曳, 闪烁. > waverer[5weivErE(r); 5wevErl] n: * The strength of his argument convinced the last few waverers. 他用有力的论点把剩下的几个犹豫不决的人也说服了. waveringly[5weivEriNli; 5wevEriNli] adv.

wax
1[wAks; wAks] n [U] 1 (also `beeswax) (a) soft sticky yellow substance produced by bees and used by them for making honeycombs 蜂蜡. (b) this substance used, after being bleached and purified, for making candles, modelling, etc （从蜂蜡提纯的）蜡（用以制蜡烛、 蜡像等）. 2 any of various soft sticky or oily substances that melt easily (obtained eg from petroleum), used for making candles, polish, etc （从其他物质, 如石油提炼的）蜡（用以制蜡烛、 上光剂等）: * paraffin wax 石蜡 * sealing wax 封蜡 * [attrib 作定语] a wax candle 蜡烛 * wax polish 上光蜡. 3 yellow substance like wax that is secreted in the ears 耳垢; 耵聍; 耳屎. 派生： wax v [Tn] (a) polish (sth) with wax 给（某物）上蜡: waxed floors, linoleum, wood 打过蜡的地板、 油地毡、 木头. (b) coat (sth) with wax 用蜡涂（某物）: waxed paper, thread 上过蜡的纸、 线. waxen[5wAksn; 5wAksn] adj (fml 文) smooth or pale like wax 像蜡般光滑的或苍白的: * a waxen complexion 蜡白的脸色. waxy adj having a surface or texture like wax 表面或质地似蜡的: waxy skin 光滑如蜡的皮肤 * waxy potatoes 光洁如蜡的土豆. waxiness n [U]. 复合： `waxwork n (a) [C] object modelled in wax, esp the form of a human being with face and hands in wax, coloured and clothed to look lifelike 蜡制雕塑品; （尤指）蜡人, 蜡像. (b) `waxworks [sing or pl v] place where lifelike wax models of famous people are shown to the public 蜡像馆: take the children to the waxworks 带孩子去参观蜡像馆.

way
1[wei; we] n 1 [C] (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) (a) place for walking, travelling, etc along; path, road, street, etc 路; 道; 街; 径: * a way across the fields 穿过田地的路 * a covered (ie roofed) way 有顶盖的路 * across/over the way, ie across/over the road 穿过这条路 * a `highway 公路 * the `highways and `byways, ie main and minor roads 大路和小路 * a `waterway 水路 * a `railway 铁路. (b) Way name of certain roads or streets 路或街道的名称: * the Appian Way 阿皮安路. 2 [C usu sing 通常作单数] (a) ~ (from...) (to...) route, road, etc (to be) taken in order to reach a place 路线: * the best, quickest, right, shortest, etc way from A to B 从A地到B地的最好的、 最快的、 正确的、 最近的...路线 * Which way do you usually go to town? 你进城一般走哪条路线? * find one's way home 找到回家的路 * tell sb the way 为某人指路 * He asked me the way (ie the best way) to London. 他问我去伦敦走哪条路最好. * the way down, in, out, up, etc 下去的、 进去的、 出去的、 上去的...路 * (fig 比喻) find a way out of one's difficulty 找出摆脱困境之路 * (fig 比喻) argue, bluff, talk, trick, etc one's way into, out of, etc sth, ie enter, escape, etc by arguing, etc 用争论、 吓唬、 谈话、 哄骗等方法进入或逃出 * (fig 比喻) fight, force, shoot, etc one's way across, into, etc sth, ie cross, enter, etc sth by fighting, etc 用打斗、 武力、 射击等手段穿过、 进入...某处. (b) route along which sb/sth is moving or would move if there was space 行进的路线或通路: * cut a way through the undergrowth 在下层灌丛中开出一条路来 * We had to pick our way along the muddy track. 我们须在泥泞小道上择路而行. * There was a lorry blocking the way. 有一辆卡车挡住了路. * Get out of my way! 别挡着我的路! (c) (in phrases after which, this, that, etc 用於which、 this、 that等之後, 构成短语) (in a specified) direction （沿某）方向:

way1
* `Which way did he go?’ `He went that way.’ ‘他往哪边去了?’‘他往那边去了.’ * Look this way, please. 请往这边看. * Kindly step this way, ladies and gentlemen. 女士们、 先生们, 请往这边走. * Look both ways (ie to right and left) before crossing the road. 过马路前先要向两边看一看. * They weren't looking our way, ie towards us. 他们没朝我们这边看. * Make sure that the sign's the right way up. 一定要把符号的上下弄对. * The arrow is pointing the wrong way. 这个箭头指错了方向. * If the tree falls that way, it will destroy the house. 这棵树向那边倒下就会把那所房子压坏. * (fig 比喻) Which way (ie For which party) will you vote? 你投哪边（哪个党）的票? 3 [C] (a) (usu sing 通常作单数) method, style or manner of doing sth （做某事的）方法, 方式, 手段: * What is the best way to clean this? 用什麽办法能把这个弄乾净? * She showed them the way to do it. 她向他们示范做这件事的方法. * the best, right, wrong, etc way to do sth 做某事的最好的、 正确的、 错误的...方法 * I like the way you've done your hair. 我喜欢你头发的样式. * There are several ways of doing it. 做这件事有好几种方法. * a new way of storing information 储存信息的新方法 * You can see the way his mind works when you read his books. 看他写的书就能了解他的思想方法. * She spoke in a kindly way. 她说话态度很和蔼. (b) (after my, his, her, etc 用於my、 his、 her等之後) course of action desired or chosen by sb （按照）某人想要的或选择的方式方法: * She'll do it `her way whatever you suggest. 你说出大天来她有她一定之规. * We all have our favourite ways of doing certain things. 我们做某些事都有自己爱用的办法. * I still think `my way is better! 我仍然认为我的方法好! * Try to find your `own way to express the idea. 尽量用你自己的语言来表达这个意见. (c) chosen, desired or habitual behaviour; custom or manner 独异的、 喜爱的或习惯的行为; 习俗; 作风:

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* He has some rather odd ways. 他有些怪招. * Don't be offended, it's only his `way, ie manner of behaving that has no special significance. 不要介意, 他就是这麽个人. * It is not her `way to be selfish, ie She is not selfish by nature. 她并不是个自私的人. * I don't like the way (ie manner in which) he looks at me. 我不喜欢他那种样子看着我. * It's disgraceful the way he treats his mother.他那样对待他母亲太不像话了. * a fashionable way of dressing 穿着时髦 * They admired the way she dealt with the crisis. 他们很佩服她处理这场危机的手法. 4 [sing] (esp after long, little, etc 尤用於long、 little等之後) distance (to be travelled) between two points 两点间的距离: * It's a long way to London. 从这里到伦敦很远. * We are a long way from the coast. 我们距离海边很远. * There is quite a way still to go. 还要走很长的路. * The roots go a long way down. 这些根扎得很深. * (fig 比喻) December is a long way off/away, ie in the future, from now. 现在离十二月份还有很长的时间. * Success is still a long way off. 离成功还远着呢. * better by a long way, ie much better 好得多了. 5 [sing] (infml 口) area near a place; neighbourhood 附近; 周围: * He lives somewhere `Lincoln way. 他住在林肯市附近. * The crops are doing well down `our way, ie in our part of the country. 我们这一带的作物长势良好. * Please visit us next time you're over this way. 你下次到这一带来时请到我们家作客.6 [C] particular aspect of sth; respect （某事物的）某方面: * Can I help you in any way? 我能帮你点儿忙吗? * She is in no way (ie not at all) to blame. 根本不应该怪她. * The changes are beneficial in some ways but not in others. 这些变革有的方面有好处, 有的方面没好处. * She helped us in every possible way. 她帮助我们无微不至. 7 (idm 习语) ,all the `way the whole distance 一路上. `be/be `born/be `made that way (infml 口) (of a person) be as one is because of innate characteristics （指人）性格天生如此:

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* I'm afraid that's just the way he `is. 没法子, 他天生就是这麽一种人. be ,set in one's `ways be inflexible in one's habits, attitudes, etc （习惯、 态度等）固定而不变通. both `ways/each `way (of money bet on a horse, race, etc) so that one will win money back if the horse, etc either wins or gains second or third place （指赛马等下的赌注）该马等获第一名或二叁名均可赢钱: * have ￡5 each way on the favourite 在大热门上投注5英镑压它赢前叁名 * back the favourite both ways 压大热门赢前叁名. by the `way (a) by the roadside during a journey 在途中的路边上: * stopped for a picnic by the way 在途中停在路边野餐. (b) (used to introduce a comment or question that is only indirectly related, if at all, to the main subject of conversation 在主要话题或交谈中用以插入题外的话或问题): * Oh, by the way, there is a telephone message for you. 噢, 对了, 有你一个电话口信. * What did you say your name was, by the way? 顺便问一句, 您说您的名字叫什麽来着? by way of (a) (fml 文) by a route that includes (the place mentioned); via 路经（某处）; 途经: * They are travelling to France by way of London. 他们经伦敦去法国. (b) as a type of (sth) or serving as (sth) 作为; 当作: * Let's eat out tonight, by way of a change. 咱们今天晚上到外面去吃饭吧, 换换口味. * What are you thinking of doing by way of a holiday this year? 今年的假期你打算怎麽过? * By way of an introduction, I shall explain some of the historical background. 作为开场白, 我来解释一下历史背景. (c) with the intention of or for the purpose of (doing sth) 意在或为了（做某事）: * make enquiries by way of learning the facts of the case 为了解实情作调查. change one's ways => change. come one's `way occur or present itself to one 发生於或来到某人处: * An opportunity like that doesn't often come my way. 这样的机会可不常落在我头上. cut both/two `ways (of an action, argument, etc) have an effect both for and against sth （指行动、 论点等）有利也有弊. divide, split, etc, sth two, three, etc `ways share sth among two, three, etc people 在两个、 叁个...人之间分配. each way => both ways. the error of one's/sb's ways => error. feel one's way => feel1. find one's way; find its way to... => find1. get into/out of the way of

way4
(doing) sth acquire/lose the habit of doing sth 培养[失去]做某事的习惯. get/have one's own `way get or do what one wants, often in spite of opposition 为所欲为（常指不顾反对意见）: * She always gets her own way in the end. 到头来总是她想怎样就怎样. give `way break or collapse 断裂; 倒塌: * The bridge gave way under the weight of the lorry. 卡车过重把这座桥压坏了. * Her legs suddenly gave way and she fell to the floor. 她两腿突然支持不住摔倒在地板上了. give way (to sb/sth) (a) allow sb/sth to be first; yield 让某人[某事物]在先; 让出; 放弃: * Give way to traffic coming from the right. 让右方驶来的车辆先行. (b) let oneself be overcome (by sth) 被（某事物）制服: * give way to despair 陷於绝望. (c) make concessions (to sb/sth) （向某人[某事物]）让步, 妥协: * We must not give way to their demands. 我们决不能对他们的要求让步. give way to sth be replaced by sth 被某事物代替: * The storm gave way to bright sunshine. 暴风雨过後出现了灿烂的阳光. go far/a long way => far2. go far/a long way to do sth/towards sth => far2. go out of one's `way (to do sth) take particular care and trouble to do sth 特意不怕麻烦做某事: * The shop assistant went out of his way to find what we needed. 那个店员不厌其烦地满足我们的需要. go one's own `way act independently or as one chooses, esp against the advice of others 独立地或按自己的意愿行事（尤指不听人劝）: * Whatever you suggest, she will always go her own way. 无论怎样劝说, 她也总是我行我素. go one's way (dated 旧) depart离开; 出发. go sb's way (a) travel in the same direction as sb 与某人同路: * I'm going your way so I can give you a lift. 我和你同路, 可以顺便开车送你. (b) (of events, etc) be favourable to sb （指事情等）对某人有利: * Things certainly seem to be going our way. 看来事情确实对我们有利. go the way of all `flesh (saying 谚) (live and) die as other people do; suffer the same changes, dangers, etc as other people 像别人一样（生与）死; 和他人一样经受变革、 危险等. the hard way => hard1. have come a long way => long1. have/want it/things `both ways => both1. have it/things/everything one's `own way have what one wants, esp by imposing one's will on others 为所欲为（尤指把自己的意愿强加於人）:

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* All right, have it your own way I'm tired of arguing. 好了, 随你的便吧--我懒得和你争了. have a `way with one have the power to attract or persuade others 有吸引人或说服人的能力. have a way with sb/sth have a particular talent for dealing with sb/sth 专门善於同某人[某事物]打交道: * have a way with difficult children 专门能对付不听话的孩子 * have a way with motor bikes 很会修理摩托车. in a bad `way (a) very ill or in serious trouble 病得很重; 情形很糟. (b) (infml 口) obviously drunk 烂醉如泥. in a `big/`small way on a large/small scale 大[小]规模: * He's got himself into trouble in a big way. 他可惹了大麻烦了. * She collects antiques in a small way. 她收集少许古玩. in a fair way to do sth => fair1. in the family way => family. ,in more ways than `one (used to draw attention to the fact that the statement made has more than one meaning用以指出所说的事实尚有其他含义): * He's a big man in more ways than one. 他是个了不起的人--在很多方面. in a `way; in `one way; in `some ways to a certain extent but not entirely 在某种程度上: * The changes are an improvement in one way. 这些变从某种意义上说是一种进步. in the ordinary way => ordinary. in one's own sweet way => sweet1. in the `way causing inconvenience or an obstruction 造成不便或阻碍: * I'm afraid your car is in the way. 看来你的汽车挡着道了. * I left them alone, as I felt I was in the way. 我躲开了他们, 因为我觉得我碍他们的事. know one's way around => know. lead the way => lead3. look the other `way avoid seeing sb/sth, deliberately or by chance （避而）不看某人[某物]: * The usherette looked the other way so that the children could get into the cinema without paying. 那个女检票员扭过脸去好让那些孩子不买票就进电影院里. lose one's way => lose. make one's way (to/towards sth) go 走; 行走; 前进: * I'll make my way home now. 我现在要回家了.

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* make one's way (ie succeed) in life 在生活中有所成就. make `way (for sb/sth) allow (sb/sth) to pass 让（某人[某事物]）通过; 给（某人[某事物]）让路. mend one's ways => mend. not know where/which way to look => know. (there are) no two ways a`bout it (saying 谚) there is only one correct or suitable way to act, speak or think with regard to sth 对於某事物只有一种正确的或合适的方法来做、 说或思考; 别无他途. ,no `way (infml 口) under no circumstances or by no means (will sth happen/ be done) 决不: * Give up our tea break? No way! 让我们放弃工间休息时间? 没门儿! * No way will I go on working for that man. 我不再给那个人工作了. ,one way and a`nother considering various aspects of the matter together 考虑到各个方面: * She's been very successful, one way and another. 无论从哪方面看, 她都是很有成就的. ,one way or a`nother by some means, methods, etc way6 /// * make one's way (ie succeed) in life 在生活中有所成就. make `way (for sb/sth) allow (sb/sth) to pass 让（某人[某事物]）通过; 给（某人[某事物]）让路. mend one's ways => mend. not know where/which way to look => know. (there are) no two ways a`bout it (saying 谚) there is only one correct or suitable way to act, speak or think with regard to sth 对於某事物只有一种正确的或合适的方法来做、 说或思考; 别无他途. ,no `way (infml 口) under no circumstances or by no means (will sth happen/ be done) 决不: * Give up our tea break? No way! 让我们放弃工间休息时间? 没门儿! * No way will I go on working for that man. 我不再给那个人工作了. ,one way and a`nother considering various aspects of the matter together 考虑到各个方面: * She's been very successful, one way and another. 无论从哪方面看, 她都是很有成就的. ,one way or a`nother by some means, methods, etc way7 /// * [attrib 作定语] a tiny ,out-of-the-way `village in Cornwall 康沃尔郡的一个偏僻的小村庄. (b) exceptional; uncommon 异常的; 罕见的; 不普通的: * He has done nothing out of the way yet. 他倒还没干出离谱的事. a/the parting of the ways => parting. pave the way for sth => pave. pay one's/its way => pay2. point the way => point2. put sb in the way of (doing) sth make it possible for sb to do sth or give sb an opportunity to do sth 使某人有可能做某事; 给某人做某事的机会. rub sb up the wrong way => rub1. see one's way (clear) to doing sth find that it is possible or convenient to do sth 觉得可能或便於做某事: * I can't see my way clear to finishing the work this year. 我看我今年做不完这项工作. * Could you see your way to lending me 10 for a couple of days? 你能不能借给我10英镑过两天还你? see which way the wind is blowing see what is likely to happen 观察将要发生什麽事情. show the way => show2. (not) stand in sb's `way (not) prevent sb from doing sth （不）阻止某人做某事: * If you want to study medicine, we won't stand in your way. 你要是想学医我们决不拦你. take the easy way out => easy1. ,that's the ,way the ,cookie `crumbles (infml 口 esp US) that is the state of things and nothing can be done about it 事情就是这样, 没有别的办法. to `my way of thinking in my opinion 我认为; 依我看. under `way having started and making progress 已经开始并进行着: * The project is now well under way. 这一项目现正顺利进行. * be/get under way, ie (esp of a ship) move/start to move through the water （尤指船）在航行中[启航]. wait for the cat to jump/to see which way the cat jumps => wait1. a/sb's way of `life normal pattern of social or working life of a person or group （某人的或某些人的）生活方式: * She adapted easily to the French way of life. 她很容易就适应了法国人的生活方式. the ,way of the `world what many people do, how they behave, etc 大家都（这样）做的事. ,ways and `means methods and resources for doing sth, esp providing money （做某事的）方法和资源; （尤指）财源. where there's a will, there's a way => will4. ,work one's `way (through college, etc) have a paid job while one is a student 边挣钱边求学; 半工半读:

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* [attrib 作定语] a tiny ,out-of-the-way `village in Cornwall 康沃尔郡的一个偏僻的小村庄. (b) exceptional; uncommon 异常的; 罕见的; 不普通的: * He has done nothing out of the way yet. 他倒还没干出离谱的事. a/the parting of the ways => parting. pave the way for sth => pave. pay one's/its way => pay2. point the way => point2. put sb in the way of (doing) sth make it possible for sb to do sth or give sb an opportunity to do sth 使某人有可能做某事; 给某人做某事的机会. rub sb up the wrong way => rub1. see one's way (clear) to doing sth find that it is possible or convenient to do sth 觉得可能或便於做某事: * I can't see my way clear to finishing the work this year. 我看我今年做不完这项工作. * Could you see your way to lending me 10 for a couple of days? 你能不能借给我10英镑过两天还你? see which way the wind is blowing see what is likely to happen 观察将要发生什麽事情. show the way => show2. (not) stand in sb's `way (not) prevent sb from doing sth （不）阻止某人做某事: * If you want to study medicine, we won't stand in your way. 你要是想学医我们决不拦你. take the easy way out => easy1. ,that's the ,way the ,cookie `crumbles (infml 口 esp US) that is the state of things and nothing can be done about it 事情就是这样, 没有别的办法. to `my way of thinking in my opinion 我认为; 依我看. under `way having started and making progress 已经开始并进行着: * The project is now well under way. 这一项目现正顺利进行. * be/get under way, ie (esp of a ship) move/start to move through the water （尤指船）在航行中[启航]. wait for the cat to jump/to see which way the cat jumps => wait1. a/sb's way of `life normal pattern of social or working life of a person or group （某人的或某些人的）生活方式: * She adapted easily to the French way of life. 她很容易就适应了法国人的生活方式. the ,way of the `world what many people do, how they behave, etc 大家都（这样）做的事. ,ways and `means methods and resources for doing sth, esp providing money （做某事的）方法和资源; （尤指）财源. where there's a will, there's a way => will4. ,work one's `way (through college, etc) have a paid job while one is a student 边挣钱边求学; 半工半读:

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* She had to work her way through law school. 她须半工半读学习法律. work one's way through sth read or do sth from beginning to end 从头到尾阅读或做某事: * The board are still working their way through the application forms. 委员会仍在审阅全部申请表. ,work one's way `up be promoted from a low grade to a high one 获提升; 晋级: * He has worked his way up from junior clerk to managing director. 他已从初级职员升到总经理. 复合： `way-bill n list of goods or passengers carried by a vehicle, with their destinations 运货单, 乘客名单（附到达地点）. `wayfarer[-feErE(r); -7ferl] n (fml 文) traveller, esp on foot 行路的人（尤指徒步的）. `wayfaring[-feEriN;-7feriN] adj [attrib 作定语] (fml 文) travelling 行路的: * a wayfaring man 行路的男子. `wayside n (usu sing 通常作单数) 1 (land at the) side of a road or path 路旁（的地方）: [attrib 作定语] wayside flowers 路旁的花. 2 (idm 习语) fall by the `wayside (euph 婉) fail to make progress in life; slip into dishonest ways 未能在生活中取得成就; 步入歧途.

waylay
[7wei'lei; 7we'le] v (pt, pp waylaid[-'leid; -'led] )[Tn] wait for and stop (sb who is passing), esp in order to rob him or to ask him for sth 等着拦截（经过的某人）（尤指为抢劫或要求某事物）: * The patrol was waylaid by bandits. 巡逻队遭到土匪伏击. * He waylaid me with a request for a loan. 他等我经过时拦住我向我借钱.

wayward
[5weiwEd; 5wewld] adj not easily controlled or guided; childishly headstrong or capricious 不易管教的; 不听话的; 像孩子般任性的: * a wayward child任性的孩子 * a wayward disposition 倔强的性格. > waywardness n [U].

WC
[7dQblju: 'si:; 7dQblju 'si] abbr 缩写 = 1 water-closet 厕所. =>Usage at toilet 用法见toilet. 2 West Central 西中央区: * London WC2B 4PH, eg as a postal code 伦敦WC2B 4PH（如作邮政编码）.

WCC
[7dQblju: si: 'si:; 7dQblju si 'si] abbr 缩写 = World Council of Churches 世界基督教协进会.

we
[wi:; wi] 见词条使用详细说明6.2. pers pron 人称代词 (used as the subject of a v 用作动词的主体) 1 I and another or others; I and you 我们; 咱们: * We've moved to London. 我们已经搬到伦敦来了. * We'd like to offer you a job. 我们想聘请您做一项工作. * Why don't we go and see it? 咱们去看看好不好?2 (fml 文) (used instead of I by a king, queen or pope or by the writer of an editorial article in a newspaper, etc 帝王或教皇或报刊编者用以自称). Cf 参看 the royal we (royal). 3 (used when speaking to children, sick people, etc to indicate kindly superiority 用以对儿童、 病人等说话, 表示关怀): * Now what are we doing over here? 你在这儿干什麽呢? * And how are we feeling today? 您今天身体怎麽样? Cf 参看 us.

we'd
[wi:d; wid] contracted form 缩约式 1 we had => have. 2 we would => will1, would2.

we'll
[wi:l; wil] contracted form 缩约式 1 we shall => shall. 2 we will => will1.

we're
[wiE(r); wir] contracted form 缩约式 we are => be.

we've
[wi:v; wiv] contracted form 缩约式 we have => have.

WEA
[7dQblju: i: 'ei; 7dQblju i 'e] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Workers' Educational Association 工人教育协会.

weak
[wi:k; wik] adj (-er, -est) 1 (a) lacking strength or power; easily broken, bent or defeated 弱的; 无气力的; 无势力的; 易毁坏的; 易弯的; 容易被击败的: * She was still weak after her illness. 她病後仍很虚弱. * too weak to walk far 身体很虚弱不能走远道 * Her legs felt weak/She felt weak in the legs. 她感到双腿无力. * The supports were too weak for the weight of the load. 所载的分量很重已经禁不住了. * a weak barrier, defence, team 不结实的挡板、 无力的防御、 弱队 * a weak chin/mouth, ie suggesting or showing weakness of character 软弱的性格 * identify the weak points in an argument, ie those which may be attacked most easily 找出论据中的弱点. (b) (commerce 商) not financially sound or successful 疲软的; 萧条的: * a weak currency, economy, market 疲软的货币、 经济、 市场. 2 not functioning properly; deficient 功能不佳的; 疲弱的: * weak eyes/sight 视力弱的眼睛[不佳的视力] * a weak heart 衰弱的心脏 * a weak stomach, ie one that is easily upset by food 易引起恶心的胃. 3 not convincing or forceful 无说服力的; 无力的: * weak arguments, evidence 无说服力的论据、 证据. 4 not easily perceived; feeble or faint 不易察觉的; 微弱的: * a weak light, signal, sound 微弱的光线、 信号、 声音 * a weak smile 微微的一笑. 5 (of liquids) containing a high proportion of water; dilute （指液体）稀的, 稀释的: * weak tea 淡茶 * a weak solution of salt and water 稀释的盐水溶液. 6 ~ (at/in/on sth) not achieving a high standard; deficient 未达高标准的; 有缺欠的: * Her school report shows that she is weak at/in arithmetic and biology. 从她的学习成绩单可看出她算术和生物成绩差. * The book is weak on (ie in its treatment of) the medieval period. 这本书对中世纪时期论述不足. 7 (grammar) (of verbs) forming the past tense, etc by the addition of a suffix

weak1
(eg walk, walked or waste, wasted) and not by a change of vowel (eg run, ran or come, came) （指动词）弱的, 规则的（构成过去时态需添加词尾的, 如walk、 walked或waste、 wasted, 并非改变元音的, 如run、 ran或come、 came）. 8 (idm 习语) ,weak at the `knees (infml 口) temporarily hardly able to stand because of emotion, fear, illness, etc 一时两腿发软站立不住（因激动、 惧怕、 疾病等所致）: * The shock made me go all weak at the knees. 这件事把我吓得两腿发软. the weaker `sex (dated sexist 旧, 性别偏见) women in general 女性. ,weak in the `head (infml 口) stupid 愚蠢的: * You must be weak in the head if you believe that. 你相信那件事可就太傻了. a weak `moment time when one is unusually easily persuaded or tempted 易被说服或诱惑的时刻: * In a weak moment, I agreed to pay for her holiday. 我一时心软同意了支付她度假的费用. 派生： the `weak n [pl v] people who are poor, sick or powerless and are therefore easily exploited, infected, etc 弱者, 穷人, 病人, 无权势的人（因而易受剥削、 欺压、 影响的）: He argued that it was the role of governments to protect the weak. 他的论点是政府有责任保护无告的百姓. * the struggle of the weak against their oppressors 被压迫者与压迫者之间的斗争. weaken[5wi:kEn; 5wikEn] v 1 [I, Tn] (cause sb/sth to) become weak or weaker （使某人[某事物]）变弱: * They watched her gradually weaken as the disease progressed. 他们观察到她随着病情变化身体也渐渐衰弱下去. * The dollar has weakened in international currency trading. 美元在国际货币交易中已趋疲软. * Hunger and disease had weakened his constitution. 他饥饿与疾病交加, 体质已削弱. 2 [I] become less determined or certain about sth; waver （对某事物的决心或肯定程度）减弱, 动摇, 犹豫: * They have not yet agreed to our requests but they are clearly weakening. 他们还没有同意我们的要求, 但态度已明显软化.

weak2
weakling[5wi:kliN; 5wikliN] n (derog 贬) weak or feeble person or animal 软弱的人或动物: * Don't be such a weakling! 别那麽软弱! weakly adv in a weak manner 软弱地; 无力地; 疲软地; 疲弱地; 微弱地: smile weakly 微微一笑. weakness n 1 [U] state of being weak 弱; 软弱; 虚弱; 薄弱: the weakness of a country's defences 国家防御力量的薄弱 * weakness of character 性格之懦弱 * New evidence revealed the weakness of the prosecution's case. 这一新的证据表明原告理由不充足. 2 [C] defect or fault, esp in a person's character 弱点, 缺点（尤指性格的）: We all have our weaknesses. 我们大家都有不足之处. 3 [C usu sing 通常作单数] ~ for sth/sb special or foolish liking for sth/sb （对某事物[某人]的）特殊的或痴心的爱好: have a weakness for peanut butter, fast cars, tall women 偏爱花生酱、 跑车、 高个儿女子. 复合： `weak form (phonetics 语音) way of pronouncing certain common words in an unstressed position, with a shorter syllable and a different vowel sound, or by omitting a vowel sound or a consonant (eg/En; En] or/n; n/ for and, as in bread and butter[7bred n 'bQtE(r);'bred n 'bQtl] ) 弱读式（英语某些常用词在非重读位置上的读法, 为缩短音节、 替换元音或省略元音或辅音, 如在bread and butter词组中的and读作/En/或/n/, 即/,bred n `bQtE(r)[）. ,weak-`kneed adj (fig 比喻) (of a person) lacking determination or courage （指人）无决心的, 无勇气的. ,weak-`minded adj (a) lacking determination or resolution无决心的; 不果断的. (b) mentally deficient 心智不健全的. weak-mindedly adv. weak-mindedness n [U].

weal
[wi:l; wil] n raised mark on the skin made by hitting it with a stick, whip, etc （皮肤上的）隆起的伤痕（用棍、 鞭等抽打所致的）.

wealth
[welW; welW] n 1 [U] (possession of a) large amount of money, property, etc; riches 财产（的占有）; 财富: * a man of great wealth 大富翁 * Nobody knew how she had acquired her wealth. 谁也不知道她的财产是怎麽来的. * Wealth had not brought them happiness. 他们的财富并没给他们带来幸福. * The country's wealth is based on trade. 这个国家的财源主要来自贸易方面. 2 [sing] ~ of sth large amount or number of sth; abundance of sth （某物的）大量, 众多, 丰富: * a book with a wealth of illustrations 有大量插图的书 * a wealth of opportunity 很多的机会. 派生： wealthy adj (-ier, -iest) having wealth; rich 有财产的; 有财富的; 富有的. wealthily[-ili; -Eli] adv.

wean
[wi:n; win] v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (off sth) (on to sth) gradually stop feeding (a baby or young animal) with its mother's milk and start feeding it with solid food 使（婴儿或幼小动物）断奶. 2 (phr v) wean sb (away) from sth/doing sth cause sb to stop doing sth, esp gradually 使某人不继续做某事（尤指逐渐地）: * wean sb (away) from drugs, drinking, gambling, etc 使某人渐渐戒毒、 戒酒、 戒赌等.

weapon
[5wepEn; 5wepEn] n 1 thing designed or used for causing physical harm (eg a bomb, gun, knife, sword, etc) 武器, 兵器（如炸弹、 枪、 炮、 刀、 剑等）: * They were carrying weapons. 他们携带着武器. * armed with weapons用武器武装的 * a deadly weapon 致命的武器. 2 action or procedure used to defend oneself or get the better of sb in a struggle or contest （在斗争中或竞争中）自卫的或克敌制胜的行动或手段: * Their ultimate weapon was the threat of an all-out strike. 他们最後的杀手捶是威胁举行大罢工. * Humour was his only weapon against their hostility. 他有幽默感, 这是他对付他们的敌对行动的唯一手段. 派生： weaponry[-ri; -ri] n [U] weapons 武器; 兵器: * an arsenal of sophisticated weaponry 尖端武器军械场.

wear
1[weE(r); wer] n [U] 1 wearing or being worn as clothing 穿着; 戴着; 佩带着: * a suit for everyday wear 一套日常穿的衣服 * Cotton is suitable for wear in summer. 棉制品适於夏季穿用. 2 (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) things for wearing; clothing 穿戴的衣物:`children's/`ladies' wear 儿童的[女用的]衣物 * `menswear男装 * `underwear 内衣 * `footwear 鞋袜 * `sportswear 运动服装. 3 (damage or loss of quality caused by) use 使用; 用损; 用坏: * These shoes are showing (signs of) wear. 这双鞋（看样子）穿坏了. * The carpet gets very heavy wear. 这块地毯已严重磨损. 4 capacity for continuing to be used 耐用性: * There is still a lot of wear left in that old coat. 那件旧大衣还可以穿很久. 5 (idm 习语) ,wear and `tear damage, deterioration, strain, etc caused by ordinary use （正常使用造成的）损坏, 损耗, 用坏: * The insurance policy does not cover damage caused by normal wear and tear. 保险单内容不包括正常使用所导致的损坏. the worse for wear => worse.

weary
[5wiEri; 5wiri] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 (a) very tired, esp as a result of effort or endurance; exhausted 疲倦的, 疲劳的（尤指因费力或持久所致）; 精疲力竭: * weary in body and mind 身心疲惫 * They felt weary after all their hard work. 他们把所有的累活儿都干完後感到筋疲力尽. (b) ~ of sth no longer interested in or enthusiastic about sth; tired of sth 对某事物再无兴趣或热情; 厌倦某事物: * The people are growing weary of the war. 人民对这场战争越来越厌倦了. * I am weary of hearing about your problems. 我听腻了你那些麻烦事.2 causing tiredness or boredom 令人疲倦的; 令人厌烦的: * a weary journey, wait 令人厌倦的旅程、 等待 * the last weary mile of their climb 他们攀登的令人疲惫的最後一英里路. 3 showing tiredness 显得疲倦或厌倦的:a weary sigh, smile 疲倦的叹息、 笑容. 派生： wearily[5wiErEli; 5wirEli] adv. weariness n [U]. wearisome[5wiErisEm; 5wirisEm] adj causing one to feel tired or bored 使人感到疲倦或厌倦的: * wearisome complaints, duties, tasks 令人厌烦的抱怨、 职责、 任务. weary v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (with sth) make sb feel annoyed or impatient 使某人感到烦恼或不耐烦: It wearies me to have to explain everything in such detail. 让我把一切都得解释得那麽详细, 可真烦人. * She was wearied by the constant noise. 她很厌烦那些没完没了的噪杂声. * weary sb with requests 一再要求使某人生厌. 2 [Ip] ~ of sb/sth (fml 文) become dissatisfied with sb/sth 对某人[某事物]不满: She began to weary of her companions. 她逐渐对同伴心怀不满. * You will soon weary of living abroad. 你在国外生活不消多久就不满意了.

weasel
[5wi:zl; 5wizl] n small fierce animal with reddish-brown fur, that lives on rats, rabbits, birds' eggs, etc 鼬; 黄鼠狼. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page iii. Cf 参看 ermine, ferret, stoat. 派生： weasel v (phr v) weasel out (of sth) (infml derog 口, 贬 esp US) avoid fulfilling a promise, doing a duty, etc 逃避已做出的承诺、 承担的责任等. 复合： `weasel word (infml 口 esp US) word or expression that reduces the force of what one is saying, used when one wishes to avoid committing oneself to a definite statement 含糊其辞的推脱话.

weather
1[5weTE(r); 5weTl] n 1 [U] condition of the atmosphere at a certain place and time, with reference to temperature and the presence of rain, sunshine, wind, etc 天气; 气象: * cold, sunny, warm, wet, windy, etc weather 寒冷的、 有阳光的、 温暖的、 下雨的、 刮风的...天气 * We had good weather on our holiday. 我们度假时天气很好. * The weather is very changeable. 天气变化无常. * The success of the crop depends on the weather. 要收成好全得靠天气. * if the weather breaks/holds, ie if the present good weather changes/continues 要是天气变坏[还这麽好] * We shall play the match tomorrow, weather permitting, ie if the weather is fine. 明天假设天气好, 我们就进行比赛. Cf 参看 climate 1. 2 (idm 习语) in all weathers in all kinds of weather, both good and bad 无论天气好坏. keep a `weather eye open be watchful and alert in order to avoid trouble 留意并警惕以避免麻烦. make heavy weather of sth => heavy. under the `weather (infml 口) feeling unwell or depressed 感到不舒服或消沉: * be/feel/look under the weather 有些[感到/显得]情绪低落 * She's been a bit under the weather recently. 她近来身体不太好. 派生： weather adj [attrib 作定语] windward 上风的: on the weather side 在上风侧. 复合： `weather-beaten adj (esp of sb's skin) tanned, damaged, roughened, etc as a result of being exposed to the sun and wind （尤指人的皮肤）（因风吹日晒）变黑的、 受损的、 粗糙的等: the weather-beaten face of an old sailor 一个老水手的饱经风霜的脸. `weather-board n sloping board for keeping out rain and wind, esp one attached to the bottom of a door 风雨板（尤指安装在门底部的）. `weather-boarding (US `clapboard) n [U] series of weather-boards with each one overlapping the one below, fixed to the outside wall of a building in order to protect it 封檐板. `weather-bound adj unable to make or continue a journey because of bad weather 因天气恶劣不能出行或不能继续前行的; 被天气所阻的.

weather1
`weather-chart, `weather-map ns diagram that shows details of the weather over a wide area 天气图. `weathercock n weather-vane, often in the shape of a cockerel 风向标; 风信鸡. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page viii. `weather forecast forecast of the weather for the next day or few days, esp one broadcast on radio or television 天气预报（尤指电台或电视广播的）. `weatherman[-mn; -7mAn] n (pl -men[-men; -men] )(infml 口) person who reports and forecasts the weather; meteorologist 气象报告员或预报员; 气象学家. `weatherproof adj that can withstand exposure to the weather and keep out rain, snow, wind, etc 不受气候影响的; 防雨、 雪、 风等的; 全天候的: a weatherproof shelter 防恶劣天气的处所. `weather-vane n revolving pointer that can turn easily in the wind and is put in a high place, esp on top of a building, in order to show the direction of the wind 风向标.

weave
[wi:v; wiv] v (pt wove/wEuv; wov] or in sense 4 用於下述第4义时作 weaved, pp woven[5wEuvn;'wovEn] or in sense 4 用於下述第4义时作 weaved)1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sth) make (fabric, etc) by passing threads or strips crosswise over and under lengthwise ones, by hand or on a machine （用手工或机 器）编, 织（织物等）: * a tightly woven piece of cloth 织得很密的布 * cloth woven from silk and wool 用丝与毛混纺的料子 * weave a metre of tweed cloth 织一米花呢 * weave a basket from strips of willow 用柳条编个篮子. (b) [I] work at a loom, making fabric, etc 纺织; 编织: * She had been taught to weave as a child. 她从小就学会了织布. * The women earn their living by weaving. 这些女子以纺织为生. (c) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (into sth) form fabric, etc out of (threads) by weaving 用（线）织成织物: * weave woollen yarn into cloth 用毛纱织成呢 * weave threads together 用线织成. 2 (a) [Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (into sth) twist (flowers, twigs, etc) together to make a garland, wreath, etc 用（花、 枝条等）编成花环、 花圈等. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (out of/from sth) make sth by twisting flowers, etc in this way 用花等编成某物: * weave a garland out of primroses 用报春花编成花环. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (into sth) (fig 比喻) put (facts, events, etc) together into a story or a connected whole; compose 将（素材、 事情等）编成（故事或篇章）; 编造: * weave a plot, a magic spell 编造情节、 符 * weave one's ideas into a story 把自己的构思编成故事. 4 [Ipr, Ip, Tn.pr, Tn.p] move along by twisting and turning to avoid obstructions, etc 迂回行进（以避开障碍等）: * weave (one's way) through a crowd 在人群中迂回前行 * The road weaves through the range of hills. 这条路在群山中绕来绕去. * weave in and out through the traffic 在来往车辆中穿插而行.

weave1
5 (idm 习语) get `weaving (on sth) (web /// /web; web] n 1 network of fine threads spun by a spider or some other spinning creature （蜘蛛等动物结的）网: * a spider's web 蜘蛛网. =>illus at spider 见spider插图. Cf 参看 cobweb. 2 (usu fig 通常作比喻) complex series or network 错综复杂的事物或网络: * a web of deceit, lies, intrigue, etc 一整套骗术、 谎话、 诡计等.3 piece of skin joining together the toes of some birds and animals that swim, eg ducks, geese, frogs, etc 蹼（如鸭、 鹅、 蛙等的）. 4 large roll of paper for printing on 卷筒纸. 派生： webbed adj (of the foot of a bird or an animal) having the toes joined by webs （指鸟兽的足）有蹼的. 复合： ,web-`footed, ,web-`toed adjs (of a bird or an animal) having the toes joined by webs （指鸟兽）有蹼的.

webbing
[5webiN; 5webiN] n [U] strong bands of woven fabric used in upholstery, for binding the edges of carpets and for making belts, etc 结实的带状织物（用作家具装饰、 地毯边、 带子等）.

wed
[wed; wed] v (pt, pp wedded or wed) [I, Tn] (dated or journalism 旧或新闻) (not in the continuous tenses 不用於进行时态) marry 结婚; 娶; 嫁: * Rock star to wed top model, eg as a headline 摇滚乐名星与名模儿联姻（如标题字样）. 派生： wedded adj [pred 作表语] ~ to sth (fml 文) 1 united or combined with sth 与某事物结合: beauty wedded to simplicity 素的美. 2 unable to give sth up; devoted to sth 不能放弃某事物; 致力於某事物: He is wedded to his work. 他专心致志於工作. * She is wedded to her opinions and nothing will change her. 她坚持己见决不动摇.

wedding
[5wediN; 5wediN] n 1 marriage ceremony (and the party which usually follows it) 婚礼; 结婚庆典: * There will be a wedding in the village church on Saturday. 星期六村里教堂将举行婚礼. * We have been invited to their daughter's wedding. 他们邀请我们参加他们女儿的婚礼. * [attrib 作定语] a wedding anniversary, dress, guest, invitation, present 结婚周年纪念、 婚礼女用长服、 婚礼宾客、 婚礼请帖、 结婚礼品. 2 (idm 习语) a shotgun wedding => shotgun (shot1). 复合： `wedding breakfast special meal for the bride and bridegroom and their relatives, friends, etc after a marriage ceremony 婚宴. `wedding-cake n [C, U] iced cake, often with several tiers, that is cut up and eaten at a wedding, with pieces also being sent to absent friends 结婚蛋糕. `wedding-ring n ring that is placed on the bride's (and sometimes the groom's) finger during a marriage ceremony and worn afterwards to show that the wearer is married 结婚戒指: In Britain, wedding-rings are worn on the third finger of the left hand. 在英国, 结婚戒指戴在左手无名指上.

wedge
[wedV; wedV] n 1 (a) piece of wood or metal that is thick at one end and narrows at the other to a sharp edge, used eg to split wood or rock, to widen an opening or to keep things apart 劈; 尖劈; 楔子. (b) thing shaped like or used as a wedge 形状或用途似尖劈之物: * a wedge of cake, cheese, etc, ie a piece cut from a large round cake, cheese, etc 一角蛋糕、 乾酪等. 2 (idm 习语) drive a wedge between A and B => drive1. the thin end of the wedge => thin. 派生： wedge v 1 [Tn, Cn.a] fix (sth) firmly or force (sth) apart using a wedge 用楔子 牢; 用尖劈劈开: The window doesn't stay closed unless you wedge it. 这扇窗户关不严, 得用楔子 上了. * wedge a door open 用楔子抵住门让门敞开. 2 [Tn.pr, Tn.p] pack or thrust (sth/sb/oneself) tightly into a space 将（某物[某人]）塞入或插入某空间: wedge packing material into the spaces round the vase 用填料把花瓶周围楦好 * I was so tightly wedged between two other passengers, I couldn't get off the bus. 我紧紧夹在两个乘客中间下不了公共汽车了.

wedlock
[5wedlCk; 5wedlak] n [U] (fml or law 文或律) state of being married 已婚状况: * born out of wedlock, ie illegitimate 非婚生的.

Wednesday
[5wenzdi; 5wenzdi] n [U, C] (abbrs 缩写 Wed, Weds) the fourth day of the week, next after Tuesday 星期叁. For the uses of Wednesday see the examples at Monday. 关於Wednesday的用法见Monday词条中的示例.

wee
1[wi:; wi] adj 1 (esp Scot 尤用於苏格兰) little 小的: * the poor wee fellow 可怜的小家伙. 2 (infml 口) very small; tiny 很小的; 极小的: * I'll have a wee drop of cream in my coffee. 我要在咖啡里放一丁点儿奶油. * I'm a wee bit worried about him. 我对他有些担心. * We'll be a wee bit late, I'm afraid. 我看我们有点儿晚了.

weed
[wi:d; wid] n 1 (a) [C] wild plant growing where it is not wanted, esp among crops or garden plants 野草,杂草（尤指庄稼地里的或园中的）: * The garden is overgrown with weeds. 这个园子里长了许多野草. * She spent the afternoon pulling up the weeds in the flowerbeds. 她用整个下午的时间拔除花坛中的杂草. (b) [U] any of several plants without flowers that grow in water and form a green, floating mass 水草: * The pond is full of weed. 这个池塘里长满了水草. 2 [C] (infml derog 口, 贬) (a) thin weak-looking person 瘦弱的人. (b) person who has a weak character 懦弱的人: * Don't be such a weed! 别这麽懦弱! 3 (infml 口) (a) [sing] (usu 通常作 the weed) (dated or joc 旧或谑) tobacco or cigarettes 烟草; 香烟: * I wish I could give up the weed, ie stop smoking. 但愿我能把烟戒掉. (b) [U] marijuana 大麻烟. 派生： weed v 1 [I, Tn] take out weeds from (the ground) 除去（地面）的杂草: I've been busy weeding (in) the garden.我一直在园子里忙着除杂草. 2 (phr v) weed sth/sb out remove or get rid of (people or things that are not wanted) from amongst others that are valuable 除去,剔除, 淘汰（不需要的人或物）: weed out the weakest saplings 摘除最差的树苗 * weed out the herd, ie get rid of inferior animals 剔除兽群中的不好的 * The new conductor started by weeding out the weaker players in the orchestra. 管弦乐队新来的指挥一上任就先把较差的演奏人员清除出去了. weedy adj (-ier, -iest) (a) full of or overgrown with weeds (weed 1a) 多杂草的; 长满野草的. (b) (infml derog 口, 贬) thin and weak-looking 瘦弱的: a weedy young man 瘦弱的年轻男子. 复合： `weed-killer n [C, U] substance that destroys weeds 除草剂; 除莠剂: a systematic weed-killer 分类除草剂.

week
[wi:k; wik] n 1 (a) period of seven days, usu reckoned from midnight on Saturday 星期, 周（通常从星期六午夜算起）: * last, next, this, etc week 上、 下、 本...星期 * What day of the week was 2 July last year? 去年7月2日是星期几? * early next week 下周初 * at the end of last week 上周末 * Sunday is the first day of the week. 星期日是一个星期的第一天. * He comes to see us once a week. 他每星期来看我们一次. (b) any period of seven days 七天的时间: * a six weeks' holiday 六周的假期 * a week ago today, ie seven days ago 一星期前的今天 * three weeks ago yesterday, ie twenty-two days ago 叁周前的昨天 * They are going on holiday for two weeks. 他们要度假两周. * I shall be away for no more than a week. 我离开不超过一个星期. 2 (a) the six days apart from Sunday （除星期日以外的）六天: * During the week, the road is very busy but there is very little traffic on Sundays. 从星期一到星期六, 这条路一直川流不息, 但是星期日没什麽车辆来往. (b) the five days other than Saturday and Sunday （除星期六和星期日以外的）五天: * They live in London during the week and go to the country at the weekend. 他们从星期一到星期五都住在伦敦, 周末到郊外去. * They never have time to go to the cinema during the week. 他们从星期一到星期五从来都没有时间去看电影. (c) period in a week when one works 一星期工作的时间: * a 35-hour week 35小时的工作周 * The government is introducing a shorter working week. 政府新采用减少每周工作时间的制度. * How many lessons are there in the school week? 学校里每星期有多少节课? 3 (idm 习语) this day week => day. today, tomorrow, Monday, etc `week seven days after today, tomorrow, Monday, etc 一个星期後的今天、 明天、 那个星期一...; 即将到来的星期x之後的那个星期x: * Monday week 下下星期一 * Friday week 下星期五. ,week after `week (infml 口) continuously for many weeks 一个星期又一个星期; 一连数周:

week1
* Week after week the drought continued. 乾旱持续了许多星期. week ,in, week `out every week without exception 每个星期（都）; 每周均无例外: * Every Sunday, week in, week out, she writes to her parents. 她每个星期日都给她父母写信. a ,week last `Monday,`yesterday, etc seven days before last Monday, yesterday, etc 一个星期前的那个星期一、 昨天...: * It was a week yesterday (that) we heard the news. 我们是在八天前听到这个消息的. 派生： weekly adj, adv (occurring, payable, published, etc) once a week or every week 每星期（的）; 每周（发生、 支付、 出版等）一次（的）: weekly payments 每星期支付的款项 * a weekly wage of 100 周薪100英镑 * a weekly shopping trip 每周一次购物之行 * Wages are paid weekly.工资每星期支付一次. * The machine must be checked weekly. 这机器必须每星期检查一次. n newspaper or magazine that is published once a week 周报; 周刊. 复合： `weekday[-dei; -7de] n any day except Sunday （除星期日以外的）任何一天: * The library is open on weekdays only. 这个图书馆星期一至星期六都开放. * Weekdays are always busy here. 这里除星期天以外每天都很忙. * [attrib 作定语] weekday opening times 除星期日以外的每日开放时间. ,week`end (US `weekend) n (a) Saturday and Sunday星期六和星期日: The office is closed at the weekend. 这个办事处星期六和星期日不办公. * He has to work (at) weekends. 他须在星期六和星期日工作. (b) Saturday and Sunday or a slightly longer period as a holiday or rest 星期六和星期日或稍长些的时间（作为假日或休息时间）: a weekend in the country 在乡村度过的星期五晚上至星期一早晨 * spend the weekend at home 在家中度过星期六和星期日 * [attrib 作定语] a weekend house, visit 星期六和星期日的度假用房、 访问. v [Ipr, Ip] (esp in the continuous tenses 尤用於进行时态) make a weekend holiday or visit 星期六和星期日度假或访问、 做客等: They're weekending at the seaside. 他们从星期五晚上至星期一早晨都在海滨. weekender n person who spends the weekend away from home; weekend visitor 离家度过星期六和星期日的人; 星期六和星期日的客人: Many of the cottages in the village are now owned by weekenders. 现在这个村里许多农舍其房主都是专来度过星期六和星期日的人.

weeny
[5wi:ni; 5wini] adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) tiny 极小的. Cf 参看 teeny.

weep
[wi:p; wip] v (pt, pp wept/wept; wept] ) (fml 文) 1 (a) [I, Ipr, It] ~ (for/over sb/sth) shed tears; cry 流泪; 哭泣: * The sight made me want to weep. 我见到这种情形真想痛哭一场. * weep for joy 喜极而泣 * a mother weeping over the death of her child 为孩子之死而哭泣的妇女 * She wept to see him in such a state. 她一见他那种情形簌簌泪下. (b) [Tn] shed (tears) 流（泪）: * weep tears of joy 流出喜悦的眼泪. =>Usage at cry1 用法见cry1. 2 [I] (esp of a wound) shed or ooze moisture, esp pus （尤指伤口）流出或渗出液体（尤指脓）: * The cut is no longer weeping and is starting to heal. 伤口已不流脓, 渐渐愈合了. 派生： weep n [sing] period of weeping 一阵哭泣: A good weep would probably make you feel better. 你痛痛快快哭上阵也许就好受些了. weeping adj [attrib 作定语] (of certain trees) having branches that droop （指某些树）有下垂枝条的: a weeping birch, willow, etc 枝条下垂的桦树、 垂柳. weepy adj (-ier, -iest) (a) inclined to weep; tearful 要哭的; 动不动就哭的; 含泪的: She is still feeling weepy. 她仍觉得想哭. (b) (of a film, story, etc) tending to make one weep; sentimental （指影片、 故事等）催人泪下的, 伤感的: a weepy ending 使人落泪的结局.

weevil
[5wi:vl; 5wivl] n type of small beetle with a hard shell that feeds on grain, nuts and other seeds, and destroys crops 象甲（小甲虫, 吃谷物、 坚果等, 为害作物）.

wef
[7dQblju: i: 'ef; 7dQblju i 'ef] abbr 缩写 = (esp commerce 尤用於商业) with effect from 自...起生效: * wef 1 May 1986 自1986年5月1日起生效.

weft
[weft; weft] n the weft [sing] (in weaving) threads taken crosswise over and under the lengthwise threads of the warp （纺织）纬纱, 纬线. =>illus at weave 见weave插图.

weigh
[wei; we] v 1 [Tn] measure how heavy (sth) is by means of scales, a balance, etc 称（某物）的重量: * He weighed himself on the bathroom scales. 他在浴室的磅秤上称体重. * The load must be weighed before it is put in the washing-machine. 要洗的衣物须称过重量再放入洗衣机中. * He weighed the stone in his hand, ie estimated how heavy it was by holding it. 他用手掂了掂这块石头的重量. 2 [Ln] show a certain measure when put on scales, etc 测出重量: * She weighs 60 kilos. 她体重为60公斤. * How much do you weigh? ie How heavy are you? 你体重多少? * This piece of meat weighs four pounds. 这 块肉重四磅. 3 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with/against sth) consider carefully the relative value or importance of sth 仔细考虑某事物的相对价值或重要性等; 权衡; 斟酌: * weigh one plan against another 比较一计画与另一计画的优劣 * weighing the pros and cons 权衡正反两方面的意见 * weigh the advantages of the operation against the risks involved 仔细考虑做这种手术的好处与危险. (b) [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) consider sth carefully 仔细考虑某事物: * weigh (up) the consequences of an action慎重考虑一行动的後果 * weigh up one's chances of success琢磨成功的可能性. 4 [Ipr] ~ (with sb) (against sb/sth) be considered important (by sb) when sb/sth is being judged （评定某人[某事物]时）被（某人）认为重要: * His criminal record weighed heavily against him (with the jury). （陪审团）认为他的前科关系重大. * Her past achievements weighed in her favour as a candidate. 她已往的成就对她这个候选人很有利. 5 (idm 习语) weigh `anchor raise the anchor of a ship at the start of a voyage, etc 起锚. weigh the `evidence consider the relative value of the evidence for and against sb/sth 考虑一证据对某人[某事物]的相对价值. weigh a `ton (infml 口) be very heavy 非常沉重: * These cases weigh a ton what have you got in them? 这些箱子非常重--你在里面放了什麽了? weigh one's `words choose carefully words that express exactly what one means 斟酌词句; 推敲:

weigh1
* I must weigh my words to avoid any misunderstanding. 我须字斟句酌免生误解. 6 (phr v)weigh sb down make sb feel anxious or depressed 使某人感到忧虑或沮丧: * weighed down by worry and overwork 因焦虑和过度劳累而情绪低落 * The responsibilities of the job are weighing her down. 她工作责任很重把她压得无精打采. weigh sb/sth down make sb/sth bend or sag 将某人[某物]压弯或压下: * The porter was weighed down by all the luggage. 搬运工扛着这些行李压得直不起腰来. * The branches were weighed down with ripe apples. 苹果成熟了把树枝都压弯了. weigh in (at sth) (of a jockey, boxer, etc) be weighed before a race, boxing match, etc （指骑手、 拳击手等）赛前测体重: * He weighed in at several pounds below the limit. 他赛前量体重比规定限度少几磅. weigh in (with sth) (infml 口) join in a discussion, an argument, etc by saying sth important or convincing; contribute confidently （在讨论、 辩论等时）提出重要的或令人信服的意见; 自信地提出看法: * At that point, the chairman weighed in with a strong defence of company policy. 这时, 主席发言有理有据地维护了公司的政策. weigh on sb/sth make (sb/sb's mind, etc) anxious 使（某人[某人的精神]等）忧虑: * The responsibilities weigh (heavily) on him. 他责任重大感到心情沉重. * It's been weighing on my mind for days whether to tell her or not. 我这几天心烦意乱, 不知道应该不应告诉她. weigh sth out measure a quantity of sth by weight 称出指定重量的某物: * weigh out a kilo of tomatoes 称出一公斤西红柿 * Weigh out all the ingredients before you start making the cake. 在动手做蛋糕之前先要把配料都量好. 复合： `weighbridge n weighing-machine with a platform set into the road, onto which vehicles can be driven to be weighed 地秤; 地磅. `weigh-in n (pl -ins) (usu sing 通常作单数) check on the weight of a boxer, jockey, etc, made just before a fight, race, etc （拳赛、 赛马等之前, 对拳击手、 骑手的）量体重.

weigh2
`weighing-machine n machine for weighing people or things that are too heavy to be weighed on a simple balance 称量机. `weighing-scale n balance used for weighing 秤; 台秤; 秤盘; 天平.

weir
[wiE(r); wir] n 1 wall or barrier built across a river in order to control or divert the flow of water 堰; 拦河坝. 2 fence made of stakes or branches put across a stream in order to make a pool where fish may be caught 鱼簖.

weird
[wiEd; wird] adj (-er, -est) 1 (frightening because it is) unnatural, uncanny or strange 不自然的、 怪异的或奇怪的（因而可怕的）: * Weird shrieks were heard in the darkness. 在黑暗中听见离奇的尖叫声. 2 (infml often derog 口, 常作贬义) unconventional, unusual or bizarre 非传统的; 不寻常的; 古怪的: * weird clothes, hairstyles, taste 古怪的衣物、 发型、 口味 * I found some of her poems a bit weird. 我觉得她的诗有的有点儿怪. 派生： weirdly adv. weirdness n [U]. weirdo[5wiEdEu; 5wirdo] (pl ~s[-Euz; -oz] ) (also weirdie[5wiEdi; 5wirdi] ) n (infml usu derog 口, 通常作贬义) person who behaves, dresses, etc in a bizarre or an unconventional way; eccentric person （行为、 衣着等）奇怪的人, 古怪的人.

welcome
[5welkEm; 5welkEm] adj 1 received with or giving pleasure 受欢迎的; 令人愉快的: * a welcome change, relief, rest, sight, visitor 可喜的变化、 及时的救助、 巴不得的休息、 悦目的景象、 受欢迎的客人 * welcome news 好消息 * Your offer of a loan is extremely welcome just now. 你提供这笔贷款是解救燃眉之急. * We had the feeling that we were not welcome at the meeting. 我们感到人家不欢迎我们到会. 2 [pred 作表语] ~ to sth/to do sth (a) freely permitted to take sth or to do sth 可随意取用某物或做某事: * You are welcome to use/to the use of my car any time. 你不必客气可随时用我的汽车. * She's welcome to stay here whenever she likes. 欢迎她随时到这里来住. * You are welcome to any books you would like to borrow. 你想借什麽书就随便借好了. (b) (ironic 反语) freely permitted to have sth or to do sth because the speaker does not want to have it or to do it 可随意取用某物或做某事（因是说话的人不想要的或不想做的）: * If anyone thinks he can do this job any better, he's welcome to it/to try! ie I'll gladly let him do it. 谁要是能把这件事做得更好, 谁就来做[试试]! （我乐不得别人来做呢.） * As far as I'm concerned, if it's my desk she wants, she's welcome to it! 假若她想要的是我的办公桌, 她尽管拿走, 我还求之不得呢! 3 (idm 习语) make sb `welcomemake sb feel that he is welcome; receive sb hospitably 使某人感到受欢迎; 款待某人. you're `welcome (used as a polite reply to thanks 用作答谢的客套话) there is no need to thank me 不用谢; 别客气. 派生： welcome interj (greeting used by a person who is already in a place to one who is arriving 迎接时用的招呼语): Welcome! Come in and meet my parents. 欢迎、 欢迎! 进来见见我的父母. * Welcome back/home! 欢迎归来! * Welcome on board! 欢迎各位乘坐本次航班! * Welcome to England! 欢迎您来到英国! welcome n 1 greeting or reception, esp a kind or glad one; saying `welcome' 招呼, 接待, 招待（尤指亲切的或热情的）; 说‘欢迎’: an enthusiastic, a hearty, a warm, etc welcome 热情的、 衷心的、 热烈的...欢迎

welcome1
* The victorious team were given a tumultuous welcome when they arrived home. 凯旋的队受到热烈的欢迎. * She was touched by the warmth of their welcome. 他们热情欢迎她, 她深受感动. 2 (idm 习语) outstay/overstay one's `welcomestay too long as a guest, causing inconvenience or annoyance to one's host 做客时间过久使主人不便或烦恼. welcome v 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] greet (sb) on his arrival 欢迎, 迎接（某人）: a welcoming smile 欢迎的微笑 * We were welcomed at the door by the children. 我们一到门口, 孩子就都来欢迎我们. * She welcomed the visitors warmly. 她热情地迎接客人. * It is a pleasure to welcome you (back) on the show. 热烈欢迎您（回）来演出. 2 [Tn] (a) show or feel pleasure or satisfaction at (sth) 对（某事物）表示或感到愉快或满意: The changes were welcomed by everybody. 这些变动皆大欢喜. * We welcome the opportunity to express our gratitude. 我们能有机会表示谢意十分高兴. (b) react to (sth) in the specified manner 对（某事物）做出某种反应: welcome the news with amazement, indifference, enthusiasm, etc 对这一消息表示惊奇、 无动於衷、 很感兴趣等 * welcome a suggestion coldly, enthusiastically, warmly, etc 冷淡地、 热情地、 热心地...对待一项建议.

weld
[weld; weld] v 1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ A and B (together); ~ A (on) to B join (pieces of metal) by hammering or pressing (usu when the metal is softened by heat) or fuse them by using an oxy-acetylene flame or an electric arc 锻焊, 焊接（金属物）: * weld the pieces of a broken axle 焊接断轴 * weld parts together 把零件锻焊在一起 * The car has had a new wing welded on. 这辆汽车焊上了一个新的翼子板. (b) [Tn] make (sth) by joining pieces of metal in this way 用锻焊法或焊接法制造（某物）. (c) [I] (of iron, etc) be capable of being welded （指铁等）能被锻焊或焊接: * Some metals weld better than others. 有的金属容易焊, 有的不容易焊. 2 [Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth into sth (fig 比喻) unite (people or things) into an effective whole 将（人或事物）结合起来: * weld a bunch of untrained recruits into an efficient fighting force 把未经训练的一群新兵组织成有战斗力的部队. Cf 参看 forge2 1. 派生： weld n joint made by welding 锻焊处; 焊接点. welder n person whose job is making welded joints (eg in a car factory) 焊工.

welfare
[5welfeE(r); 5wel7fer] n [U] 1 good health, happiness, prosperity, etc of a person or group （个人或集体的）健康、 幸福、 繁荣等: * Parents are responsible for the welfare of their children. 父母要对子女的幸福负责.* the welfare of the nation 国家的繁荣昌盛 * We are concerned about his welfare. 我们关心他的健康. 2 care for the health, safety, etc of a particular group （对某群体的健康、 安全等的）关心, 照顾, 福利: * child/infant welfare儿童[幼儿]福利 * [attrib 作定语] a child welfare clinic 儿童保健医院. 3 (US) (Brit social security) money paid by the State to those in need, eg because they are unemployed, disabled, etc （政府发放的）福利救济金（如对失业、 伤残人士的）. Cf 参看 supplementary benefit (supplementary). 复合： ,welfare `state (often 常作 the ,Welfare `State) (country that has a) system of ensuring the welfare of its citizens by means of social services (eg pensions, family allowances, free medical care, etc) provided by the State 福利国家, 福利制度（如政府向公民提供养老金、 家庭津贴、 公费医疗等）. `welfare work (a) organized efforts to ensure the welfare of a group of people (eg employees in a factory, the poor, the disabled, etc) 福利工作（如为工厂职工、 穷人、 伤残人士等服务的）. (b) (US) social work 社会福利工作. `welfare worker.

wellington
[5weliNtEn; 5weliNtEn] n (also ,wellington`boot, infml 口语作 welly) (esp Brit) waterproof rubber boot, usu reaching almost to the knee 威灵顿长筒靴（通常为及膝的橡胶雨靴）: * a pair of wellingtons/wellington boots 一双威灵顿长筒靴. =>illus at boot 见boot插图.

wellnigh
[5welnai; 5wel'nai] adv (fml or rhet 文或修辞) almost 几乎; 差不多: * The task is ,wellnigh im`possible. 这项任务几乎无法完成. * The party was wellnigh over by the time we arrived. 我们到达时, 聚会差不多快结束了.

welly
[5weli:; 5weli] n (Brit infml 口) = wellington: * a new pair of green wellies 一双新的绿色的威灵顿长筒靴.

Welsh
[welF; welF] adj of Wales, its people or its language 威尔士的; 威尔士人的; 威尔士语的: * the Welsh coastline 威尔士海岸 * Welsh poetry 威尔士诗歌. 派生： Welsh n 1 [U] Celtic language of Wales 威尔士的凯尔特语. 2 the Welsh [pl] the people of Wales 威尔士人民. 复合： ,Welsh `dresser type of sideboard with cupboards and drawers in the lower part and shelves in the upper part 威尔士式餐具柜（柜橱与抽屉在下, 上有架子）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xvi. Welshman[5welFmEn; 5welFmEn] (pl -men[-mEn; -mEn] ,fem 阴性作 Welshwoman[-wumEn; -7wumEn] , pl -women[-wimin; -7wimin] ) n native of Wales 威尔士人. ,Welsh `rarebit (also rarebit, ,Welsh `rabbit) dish of melted cheese on toast 威尔士小吃（面包片烤热, 上有融化奶酪）.

welt
[welt; welt] n 1 strip of leather round the edge of the upper(n 1) of a shoe, to which the sole is stitched 沿条（鞋面与鞋底相缝的皮条）. 2 mark left on the skin by a heavy blow, esp with a whip; weal （皮肤上的）伤痕, （尤指）鞭痕.

welter
[5weltE(r); 5weltl] n [sing] ~ of sth/sb disorderly mixture of things or people; general confusion （人或物的）混杂; 混乱: * a welter of unrelated facts 互不相关的事情混在一起 * carried forward by the welter of surging bodies 被滔滔流水冲走.

welterweight
[5weltEweit; 5weltl7wet] n boxer weighing between 61 and 67 kilograms, next above lightweight 次中量级拳击手（体重在61至67公斤之间者）: * Throughout his career, he fought as a welterweight/at welterweight. 他在整个拳击生涯中都是以次中量级参赛. * [attrib 作定语] a welterweight contest 次中量级拳击赛.

wen
[wen; wen] n harmless, usu permanent, tumour on the skin, esp on the head 表皮囊肿, 皮脂囊肿, 粉瘤（尤指头部的）.

wench
[wentF; wentF] n (arch or joc 古或谑) mature girl or young woman （成年的）姑娘, 少女; 少妇.

wend
[wend; wend] v (idm 习语) wend one's way (arch or joc 古或谑) go; leave 去; 走; 离开: * It's time we were wending our way, ie We must go. 我们该走了.

went
pt of go1.

wept
pt, pp of weep.

were
=> be.

weren't
=> be.

werewolf
[5wiEwulf; 5wir7wulf] n (pl -wolves[-wulvz;-7wulvz] ) (in stories) person who changes, or is capable of changing, into a wolf, esp at the time of the full moon （故事中的）可变成狼的人（尤指在月圆时）.

Wesleyan
[5wezliEn; 5wesliEn] n, adj (member) of the Methodist Church founded by John Wesley 卫斯理宗的（教徒）; 循道宗的（教徒）.

west
[west; west] n [sing] (abbr 缩写 W) 1 the west point on the horizon where the sun sets; one of the four main points of the compass 西; 西方: * The rain is coming from the west. 这场雨是从西面来的. * Bristol is in the west of England. 布里斯托尔位於英格兰的西部. * She lives to the west of (ie further west than) Glasgow. 她住在格拉斯哥以西的地方. Cf 参看 east, north, south.2 the West (a) the non-Communist countries of Europe and America 西方国家（欧美非共产党执政的国家）. (b) Europe, contrasted with Oriental countries 西方（欧洲, 与东方国家相对照）. 3 the West the western side of the USA 美国西部: * She's lived in the West (eg California) for ten years now. 她在西部（如加利福尼亚州）到现在已住了十年了. 4 (idm 习语) go `west (dated sl 旧, 俚) be destroyed, used up, ruined, etc 完蛋; 用光; 毁灭; 归西; 上西天: * There was a fire, and five years of research work went west. 失了一场火, 五年的研究工作毁於一旦. 派生： west adj [attrib 作定语] 1 in or towards the west 在西方的; 向西方的; 朝西的: the west side of London 伦敦的西部. 2 (of winds) blowing from the west （指风）来自西方的. Cf 参看 westerly. west adv towards the west 向西方: travel west 向西方行进 * three miles west of here 从这里向西叁英里 * The building faces west. 这座建 物面朝西. westward[5westwEd; 5westwld] adj towards the west 向西的: * a westward journey 向西之行. westwards (also westward) adv: travel westward(s) 向西行进. =>Usage at forward2 用法见forward2. 复合： westbound[5westbaund; 5west7baund] adj travelling or leading towards the west 西行的: * westbound traffic 西行车辆 * the westbound carriageway of the motorway 高速公路的西行车道. the `West Country (Brit) the south-west region of Britain （英国的）西南地区: [attrib 作定语] a West-Country village 英国西南地区的一个村庄.

west1
the ,West `End (Brit) the area of London that includes most theatres, fashionable and expensive shops, etc 伦敦西区（伦敦多数剧院、 时髦及豪华商店等的所在地）: [attrib 作定语] a ,West-End `cinema 伦敦西区的一家电影院. Cf 参看 the East End (east).

westerly
[5westEli; 5westlli] adj 1 [attrib 作定语] in or towards the west 在西方的; 向西方的; 朝西的: * westerly shores 西岸 * in a westerly direction 朝西的方向. 2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of winds) blowing from the west （指风）来自西方的. 派生： westerly n wind blowing from the west 西风: a gale-force westerly 蒲福风级达8级的西风. adv towards the west 向西: travel westerly 向西方行进.

western
[5westEn; 5westln] adj 1 [attrib 作定语] of or in the west 西方的; 西部的; 在西方的; 在西部的: * western regions of the British Isles 不列颠群岛的西部地区 * the western United States 美国的西部. 2 (also Western) [usu attrib 通常作定语] (characteristic) of the West 欧美的、 欧洲的、 美国西部的或有这类西方特徵的: * the Western way of life 西方国家的生活方式 * western attitudes, clothes, nations, philosophy 西方国家的态度、 衣物、 民族、 哲学. 派生： western n film or book about the life of cowboys in the western part of the USA, esp during the time of the wars with the American Indians 西部的电影或小说（描写美国西部牛仔生活的, 尤指与美洲印第安人战争时期的）. westerner n (a) native or inhabitant of the West 欧美人、 欧洲人或美国西部的人: a country in Asia visited by few westerners 几乎没有西方人到过的亚洲的一个国家. (b) native or inhabitant of the western part of a country, esp the USA 住在一个国家西部的人; （尤指）美国西部的人. westernize, -ise[-aiz; 7naiz] v [Tn] make (an Eastern country, person, etc) more like one in the West, esp in ways of living and thinking, institutions, etc 使（东方的国家、 人等）西方化（尤指生活、 思想、 风俗、 制度等方面）: * The island became fully westernized after the war. 这个岛战後已全盘西化了. westernization, -isation/ 9westEnaI5zeIFn; US -nI5z-; 9wZstLnE`zeFEn/ n [U]. westernmost[-mEust; -7most] adj farthest west 最西的; 极西的: * the westernmost tip of the island 岛的最西端.

wet
[wet; wet] adj (-tter, -ttest) 1 covered, soaked or moistened with liquid, esp water 有液体的; （尤指）湿的, 浸透的, 潮湿的: * wet clothes, grass, roads 湿的衣物、 草、 道路 * Her cheeks were wet with tears. 她泪流满面.* Did you get wet (eg in the rain)? 你淋湿了吗? * dripping/ soaking/ wringing (ie thoroughly) wet 湿透的. 2 (of weather, etc) rainy （指天气等）有雨的, 下雨的, 多雨的: * a wet day 下雨天 * the wet season 雨季 * It was the wettest October for many years. 多年来十月份从来没下过这麽多雨. 3 (of ink, paint, plaster, etc) recently applied and not yet dry or set （指墨水、 油墨、 油漆、 灰泥等）尚未乾的, 尚未凝固的: * Be careful the paint is still wet. 小心--油漆还没乾呢. * Don't walk on the wet cement. 水泥未乾时不要在上面行走. 4 (Brit infml derog 口, 贬) (of a person) lacking purpose or spirit; ineffectual, indecisive or dull （指人）无目的的, 无精神的, 不能胜任的, 不果断的, 迟钝的: * It was rather wet of you to say nothing when you had the chance. 你有机会说却什麽也没说, 真笨. 5 (idm 习语) like a wet `rag tired and bedraggled 又累又湿又脏. soaked/wet to the skin => skin. (still) ,wet behind the `ears (infml derog 口, 贬) immature or inexperienced; nave 无经验的; 幼稚的; 乳臭未乾的. a ,wet `blanket (infml 口) person who spoils other people's pleasure because he is gloomy, dull, pessimistic, etc （因自己消沉、 沉闷、 悲观等）使别人兴致低落的人, 扫兴的人: * He was such a wet blanket at the party that they never invited him again. 他在那次聚会中异常扫兴, 人家再也不邀请他了. ,wet `through thoroughly soaked 湿透: * We got wet through. 我们都湿透了. * My overcoat is wet through. 我的大衣完全湿透了. 派生： wet n 1 the wet [sing] wet weather; rain 雨天; 雨:Come in out of the wet. 快进来免得淋着. 2 [U] moisture潮湿; 水气.

wet1
3 [C] (Brit derog wether /// [5weTE(r); 5weTl] n castrated ram 去势的羊.

whack
[wAk; - hwAk; hwAk] v [Tn] (infml 口) strike or beat (sb/sth) vigorously 猛打（某人[某物]）. 派生： whack n 1 (sound of a) heavy blow 重击（的声音）: heard a sudden whack 突然听到重击声 * I'll give you such a whack! 我得狠狠打你一顿! 2 (infml 口) ~ (at sth) attempt 尝试: I'm prepared to have a whack at it. 我准备试一试. 3 (infml 口) share 份儿: Have you all had a fair whack? 你们是不是都得到了公平的一份了? * Some people are not doing their whack. 有的人没有尽力. whacked adj [usu pred 通常作表语] (infml 口) (of a person) tired out; exhausted （指人）累垮, 精疲力竭: I'm absolutely whacked! 我可真累坏了! whacking n (infml 口) beating 殴打: That child deserves a whacking. 那个孩子欠揍. adj (infml 口) big of its kind （在同类中）大的: a whacking lie 大瞎话. adv (infml 口) very 非常: a whacking great bruise 很大的一块青肿.

wham
[wm; - hwAm; hwAm] interj, n (infml 口) (imitation of the) sound of a sudden heavy blow 突然的重击声（的象声词）: * Wham! The car hit the wall. 砰! 汽车撞到墙上了. * The door struck him in the face with a terrific wham. 门砰的一声巨响, 把他的脸撞了. 派生： wham v (-mm-) (infml 口) (a) [Ipr, Ip] strike sth/sb violently 猛打某物[某人]: It whammed into the wall. 那东西猛然撞到墙上. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] strike (sth/sb) violently; move (sth) quickly, noisily or forcefully 猛打（某物[某人]）; 移动（某物）（迅速地、 同时发出声响或有力地）: He whammed the ball into the back of the net. 他一用力把球打到球网的後面去了.

wharf
[wC:f; - hwC:rf; hwCrf] n (pl ~s or -ves/wC:vz; - hwC:rvz; hwCrvz] ) structure made of wood or stone at the water's edge, where ships may moor to load or unload cargo 码头.

what
1[wCt; - hwCt; hwat] interrog det (used to ask sb to specify one or more things, places, people, etc from an indefinite number 用以要求某人在未限定的数量中指明某事物、 地方、 人等): * What books have you got to read on the subject? 你研究这个问题要看什麽书? * What time/date is it? 现在几点钟了[今天几号了]? (Cf 参看 Tell me what time it is.) * What experience has she had? 她有什麽体验? (Cf 参看 Ask her what experience she has had.) * What woman are you thinking of? 你想的是哪个女人? * Guess what famous person said this? 你猜猜是哪个名人说过这句话? =>Usage at which 用法见which. 派生： what interrog pron 1 (used to ask sb to specify one or more things, etc from an indefinite number 用以要求某人在未限定的数量中指明某事物等): What did you say? 你说什麽? * What (ie What job) does he do? 他是做什麽工作的? * What are you reading, sewing, thinking, etc? 你正在读、 缝、 想...什麽呢? * What's the time/date? 现在几点钟了[今天几号了]? * What does it mean? 这是什麽意思? 2 (idm 习语) and `what not (infml 口) and other things of the same type 以及同类的其他事物: tools, machines and what not 工具、 机器等等. get/give sb what `for (infml 口) be punished/punish sb severely 受到严惩[严惩某人]: I'll give her what for if she does that again. 她要是再这样干我就收拾她. what for for what purpose 为什麽目的: What is this tool for? 这个工具是干什麽用的? * (infml 口) What did you do that for? ie Why did you do that? 你为什麽做这件事呢? what if? what would happen if? 要是...又怎样?: What if it rains when we can't get under shelter? 假若下起雨来, 我们又没处避雨可怎麽办? * What if the rumour is true? 万一谣传真有其事呢? what `of it?; so `what? (infml 口) (used to admit that sth is true, but to question whether it is important or whether sb is going to do anything about it 用以承认某事属实, 进而提问其重要性或是否某人要有何行动): Yes, I wrote it. What of it? 不错, 是我写的. 那又怎麽样呢? what's `what (infml 口) what things are useful, important, etc 什麽事物有用、 重要等: She certainly knows what's what. 她可知道都是怎麽回事. what with sth (used to list various causes 用以列举各种原因): What with the weather and my bad leg, I haven't been out for weeks. 由於天气不好, 我的腿又不方便, 我已经好几个星期没出门了.

what1
复合： `what-d'you-call-him[-her[-it[-them (also `what's -his/ -her/ -its/ -their -name) n (used instead of a name that one cannot remember 用以代替想不起来的名字): She's just gone out with old what-d'you-call-him. 她刚和那个他叫什麽来着一起出去了. `whatnot n 1 trivial, unknown or unspecified thing 琐碎的、 未知的或未指明的事物: She'd put these whatnots in her hair as decoration. 她把那些也不知道是什麽的东西弄到头发上当饰物. 2 piece of furniture with shelves for small objects 珍品架（陈列小摆设用的）.

whatever
[wCt'evE(r); - hwCt-; hwat'evl] det, pron 1 any or every (thing) 任何（事物）; 每样（事物）: * We will be grateful for whatever amount you can afford. 你买得起多少, 我们都欢迎. * You can eat whatever you like. 你愿意吃什麽就吃什麽. * Whatever I have is yours. 我的东西都是你的. 2 regardless of what 无论什麽; 不管什麽: * Whatever nonsense the papers print, some people always believe it. 不管报纸胡说什麽都有人信. * You are right, whatever opinions may be held by others. 你做得对, 别人怎麽看不必理会. * Keep calm, whatever happens. 不论出什麽事都要保持镇静. 3 (idm 习语) or what`ever (infml 口) or any other(s) of a similar type 或其他类似的事物: * Take any sport basketball, ice hockey, swimming or whatever. 要参加体育活动--篮球、 冰球、 游泳之类的活动. 派生： whatever interrog pron (expressing surprise or bewilderment 用以表示惊讶或困惑) what （究竟是）什麽: Whatever do you mean? 你究意是什麽意思? * Whatever can it be? 这到底是什麽呢? * You're going to keep snakes! Whatever next? 你打算养蛇! 下一步还想干什麽? whatever (also whatsoever) adv (used after no + n,nothing, none, etc for emphasis 用於no +名词、 nothing、none等之後, 以加强语气): There can be no doubt whatever about it. 这件事毫无疑问. * `Are there any signs of improvement?’ `None whatsoever.’ ‘有改进的迹象吗?’‘一点儿都没有.’

wheat
[wi:t; - hwi:t; hwit] n [U] 1 (a) grain from which flour (for bread, etc) is made 小麦（子实）: * a tonne of wheat 一吨小麦 * [attrib 作定语] wheat loaves 白面的面包. (b) plant that produces this 小麦（草本植物）: * a field of wheat 麦田 * [attrib 作定语] wheat farming种植小麦. =>illus at cereal 见cereal插图. 2 (idm 习语) separate the wheat from the chaff => separate2. 派生： wheaten[5wi:tn; - 'hwi:-; 5hwitn] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] made from wheat 小麦做的: * wheaten bread, cakes, flour 小麦制的面包、 蛋糕、 面粉. 复合： `wheatcake n (US) pancake made with whole wheat flour 全麦粉做的饼. `wheat germ centre of the wheat grain, extracted during milling, which is a rich source of vitamins 小麦胚芽（磨麦时提取的, 含丰富维生素）. `wheatmeal n [U] wholemeal flour made from wheat 全麦面粉.

wheedle
[5wi:dl; - 'hwi:-; 5hwidl] v (derog 贬) (a) [I, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (out of sb) obtain sth by being pleasant to or flattering sb （用讨好或奉承某人的手法）获得某事物: * a wheedling tone of voice 哄骗的腔调 * She wheedled the money out of her father. 她哄她父亲给她些钱. * He wheedled his way into the building, ie got into it by wheedling. 他靠花言巧语混进了那所楼房. (b) [Tn.pr] ~ sb into doing sth persuade sb to do sth by being pleasant to or flattering him 用讨好或奉承的手法劝诱某人做某事: * The children wheedled me into letting them go to the film. 孩子们把我哄得同意让他们去看电影了.

wheeler
dealer

wheeze
[wi:z; - hwi:z; hwiz] v 1 [I] (a) breathe noisily, esp with a whistling sound in the chest (eg when suffering from asthma, bronchitis, etc) 呼吸时有声响 （尤指胸部发出的哨声, 如因患哮喘、 支气管炎等）. (b) (of a machine, pump, etc) make a similar sound （指机器、 泵等）发出类似上述的声响. 2 [Tn] say, sing, etc (sth) while breathing noisily or with difficulty （呼吸时有声响或呼吸困难情况下）说, 唱（某词语）: * `I've got a sore throat,’ he wheezed. ‘我嗓子疼,’他吃力地说. 派生： wheeze n 1 sound of wheezing 有声响的呼吸声; 机器等发出的类似声响: He has a slight wheeze in his chest. 他呼吸时胸部发出轻微的响声. 2 (dated Brit infml 旧, 口) good idea, esp a joke or trick 好主意; （尤指）玩笑, 花招. wheezy adj (-ier, -iest) making a wheezing sound 呼吸时发出响声的; 发出类似响声的: a wheezy old man, pump 呼吸时发出响声的老人、 发出呼呼响声的泵 * My cold's a lot better but I'm still a bit wheezy. 我的感冒好多了, 就是呼吸时还有点声音. wheezily[-ili; -Eli] adv. wheeziness n [U].

whelk
[welk; - hwelk; hwelk] n any of several types of snail-like sea-animal with a spiral shell, esp one used as food 蛾螺（尤指食用的）.

whelp
[welp; - hwelp; hwelp] n 1 young animal of the dog family; puppy or cub 犬科的幼兽; 幼犬或幼小的狐、 熊、 狮、 虎等. 2 (dated derog 旧, 贬) badly-behaved child or young man 行为不良的儿童或年轻男子. 派生： whelp v [I] (fml 文) (of a female dog, wolf, etc) give birth （指母狗、 母狼等）产（仔）.

when
[wen; - hwen; hwen] interrog adv at what time; on what occasion 什麽时候; 什麽场合: * When can you come? 您什麽时候能来? * When did he die? 他是什麽时候死的? * I don't know when he died. 我不知道他是什麽时候死的. * When were you living in Spain? 您是什麽时候住在西班牙的? * Since when has he been missing?他是从什麽时候失踪的? 派生： when rel adv 关系副词 1 (used after time, day, month, etc 用於time、 day、 month等之後) at or on which 在那时; 其时: Sunday is the day when very few people go to work. 星期日是没什麽人上班的日子. * There are times when I wonder why I do this job. 有时候我也不明白我为什麽要做这个工作. * It was the sort of morning when everything goes wrong. 那天上午就是那样, 事事不顺心. 2 at which time; on which occasion 在那时; 当时; 当场: The Queen's last visit was in May, when she opened the new hospital. 女王上次来访是在五月份, 她那时主持了这座医院的落成典礼. when conj 1 at or during the time that 在...时; 当...时: It was raining when we arrived. 我们到的时候正在下雨. * When he saw her, he waved. 他一看见她就摆了摆手. * When visiting London I like to travel by bus. 我游览伦敦时喜欢坐公共汽车. 2 since; considering that 既然; 考虑到: How can they learn anything when they spend all their spare time watching television? 他们把所有的空闲时间都用来看电视了, 还能学什麽东西呢?

whence
[wens; - hwens; hwens] adv (arch or fml 古或文) from where 从该处; 从那里: * They have returned whence they came. 他们从哪儿来的已经回哪儿去了.

whenever
[wen'evE(r); - hwen-; hwen'evl] conj 1 at any time, regardless of when 在任何时候; 无论何时: * I'll discuss it with you whenever you like. 你愿意什麽时候我就什麽时候和你商量这件事. 2 every time that; as often as 每次; 每当: * Whenever she comes, she brings a friend. 她每次来都带个朋友. * The roof leaks whenever it rains. 每逢下雨屋顶就漏雨. 3 (idm 习语) or when`ever (infml 口) or at any time 或者任何时间: * It's not urgent we can do it next week or whenever. 不是急事--我们可以下星期做或其他时候做. 派生： whenever interrog adv (expressing surprise 用以表示惊讶) when （究竟在）什麽时候, 什麽场合: Whenever did you find time to do all that cooking? 你怎麽能有时间做了这麽多吃的东西?

where
[weE(r); - hweE(r); hwer] interrog adv in or to what place or position 在哪里; 到哪里; 在什麽位置: * Where does he live? 他住在哪儿? * Where does she come from? 她是哪儿的人? * I wonder where she comes from. 我不知道她是哪儿的人. * Where (ie At what point) did I go wrong in my calculation? 我在计算中什麽地方出了差错? * Where are you going for your holidays? 你打算到哪儿去度假? * Where is all this leading? ie What is the conclusion of what you are saying? 你说这话到底是什麽意思? 派生： where rel adv 关系副词 1 (used after words or phrases that refer to a place 用於表示地点的词语之後) at, in, or to which (place) 在那（地方）; 到那（地方）; 该处: the place where you last saw it 你上次看到该事物之处 * one of the few countries where people drive on the left 少数沿左侧开车的国家之一. 2 at which place 在那个地方; 在该处: We then moved to Paris, where we lived for six years. 我们後来搬到巴黎, 在那里住了六年. where conj (in) the place in which （在）...的地方: Put it where we can all see it. 把它放在我们都看得见的地方. * Where food is hard to find, few birds remain throughout the year. 在很难找到食物的地方就没有什麽鸟能长年栖息. * (fig 比喻) That's where you're wrong. 你错就错在这儿. 复合： `whereabouts interrog adv in or near what place; where 在什麽地方; 靠近什麽地方; 哪里: Whereabouts did you find it? 你在哪儿找到它的? * She won't tell me whereabouts she put it. 她不告诉我她把它放在哪儿了. n [sing or pl v] place where sb/sth is 某人[某物]所在的地方; 下落; 行踪: a person whose whereabouts is/are unknown 一个下落不明的人. where`by rel adv 关系副词 (fml 文) by which 靠那个; 凭那个; 借以: She devised a plan whereby they might escape. 她想出了一个他们可用以逃跑的计画. where`in rel adv 关系副词 (fml 文) in which; in what; in what respect 其中; 在那里; 在哪方面: a dark forest wherein dangers lurk 潜伏着危险的黑暗的森林.

where1
whereu`pon conj after which; and then 在这以後; 然後; 於是: She laughed at him, whereupon he walked out. 她嘲笑他, 他随之离去.

whereas
[7weEr'Az; - 7hweEr'Az; hwer'Az] conj 1 (esp law 尤用於法律) taking into consideration the fact that 考虑到...; 鉴於. 2 (fml 文) but in contrast; while 然而; 而: * He earns 8000 a year whereas she gets at least 20000. 他一年挣8000英镑而她至少可获20000英镑.

wherever
[7weEr'evE(r); - 7hweEr-; hwer'evl] conj 1 in any place, regardless of where 在无论什麽地方: * Sit wherever you like. 您愿意坐在哪儿都行. * I'll find him, wherever he is. 不管他在哪儿我都要把他找到. * He comes from Boula, wherever that may be, ie and I don't know where that is. 他原籍是布拉, 也不用管它在什麽地方吧. 2 in all places that; everywhere 在...的各个地方; 各处; 处处: * Wherever she goes, there are crowds of people waiting to see her. 她所到之处都有成群的人等着见她. * Wherever there is injustice, we try to help. 凡有不公正的地方, 我们都竭力相助匡正. 3 (idm 习语) or wher`ever (infml 口) or any (other) place 或者任何（其他的）地方: * many foreign tourists from Spain, France or wherever 来自西班牙、 法国或其他国家的许多游客. 派生： wherever interrog adv (expressing surprise 用以表示惊讶) where （究竟）在哪儿: Wherever did you get that funny hat? 你到底从哪儿弄来这麽一顶怪帽子?

wherewithal
[5weEwiTC:l; - 'hweEr-; 5hwerwiT7Cl] n the wherewithal [sing] (rhet or joc 修辞或谑) the money needed for sth 为做某事而需要的钱: * I'd like a new stereo, but I haven't got the wherewithal (to buy it). 我倒是想要一套新的立体声音响器材, 可是没这笔钱（买）.

whet
[wet; - hwet; hwet] v (-tt-) [Tn] 1 (fml 文) sharpen (the blade of a knife, an axe, etc), esp by rubbing with a stone 磨（刀、 斧等）（尤指用石头磨）. 2 excite or stimulate (one's appetite, desire, interest, etc) 引起, 刺激（食欲、 欲望、 兴趣等）: * Reading travel brochures whets one's appetite for a holiday. 看了旅游手册就巴不得去度假. 复合： `whetstone n shaped stone used for sharpening tools, eg chisels, scythes, etc 磨石; 磨刀石; 油石.

whether
[5weTE(r); - 'hweTEr; 5hweTl] conj 1 (used before a clause or an infinitive expressing or implying alternatives 用於从句或不定式之前以表达或意含两者之间的选择) (a) (used as the object of vs like know, doubt, wonder, etc 用作know、 doubt、 wonder等动词的宾语): * I don't know whether I will be able to come. 我不知道我是否能来. * We'll be told tomorrow whether we should take the exam or not. 我们明天才知道是不是应该参加考试. * I asked him whether he had done all the work himself or whether he had had any assistance. 我问他这些工作都是他自己做的还是别人帮他做的. (Note that when there are two alternative clauses separated by or, whether is repeated. 注意: * 在两个供选择的从句之间若用or字, 则须重复whether一字. ) * We were wondering whether to go today or tomorrow. 我们弄不清是今天走还是明天走. Cf 参看 if. (b) (after adjs and preps 用於形容词或介词之後): * She was undecided (about) whether she should accept his offer. 她拿不定主意应该不应该接受他的好意. * He hesitated about whether to drive or take the train. 他开车去还是坐火车去, 犹豫不决. * It all depends on whether she likes the boss or not. 一切都取决於她喜欢还是不喜欢这个老板. (c) (used as the subject or complement of a sentence 用作句子的主语或补语): * It's doubtful whether there'll be any seats left. 说不上还有没有空座位了. * The question is whether to go to Munich or Vienna. 问题是去慕尼黑还是去维也纳. 2 (idm 习语) whether or not (used to introduce two alternative possibilities 用以引导出两种非此即彼的可能性): * Whether or not it rains/Whether it rains or not, we're playing football on Saturday. 无论下不下雨, 我们星期六一定踢足球. * Tell me whether or not you're interested. 告诉我你有没有兴趣. * They'll find out who did it, whether you tell them or not. 你告诉不告诉他们, 他们都能查出是谁干的. =>Usage at if 用法见if.

whew
(also phew)[fju:; fju] interj (used as the written form of any of various sounds made by breathing out strongly or whistling to express amazement, relief, exhaustion or dismay 用作有声响的呼气声或口哨声之书面语象声词, 表示惊讶、 宽慰、 疲劳或沮丧均可): * Whew! That car was going fast! 嘿! 那辆汽车可真快! * Whew! That was a lucky escape! ! 这可是侥幸脱险哪!

whey
[wei; - hwei; hwe] n [U] watery liquid that remains after sour milk has formed curds 乳清（牛奶变酸凝结後产生的含水成分）.

which
[witF; - hwitF; hwitF] interrog det (used to ask sb to specify one or more people or things from a limited number 用以要求某人在有限数量中指明某人或某事物): * Which way is quicker by bus or by train? 怎麽去更快--坐公共汽车还是坐火车? * Which Mr Smith do you mean the one who teaches history or the one who teaches music? 你说的是哪个史密司先生--是教历史的那个还是教音乐的? * Which languages did you study at school? 你上学时学的都是哪些语言? * Ask him which platform the London train leaves from. 问问他到伦敦去的列车从哪个站台开出? Cf 参看 what1. =>Usage 见所附用法. 派生： which interrog pron which person or thing (from a limited number) （有限数量中的）哪个人或哪个事物: Which is your favourite subject? 你最喜欢哪个科目? * Which of the boys is tallest? 这些男孩儿哪个最高? * Here are the chairs. Tell me which are worth buying. 就是这些椅子. 告诉我买哪几把好. * The twins are so much alike that I can't tell which is which, ie can't distinguish one from the other. 这对双胞胎长得可真像, 我都分不出谁是谁了. which rel det 关系限定词 (fml 文) (used to refer back to the preceding n or statement 用以复指前文的名词或内容): The questions were all on opera, about which subject I know nothing. 那些问题都是关於歌剧的, 我对歌剧一无所知. * The postman comes at 6.30 in the morning, at which time (ie when) I am usually fast asleep. 邮递员早晨6点30分来, 这个时候我通常还睡着大觉呢. which rel pron 关系代词 (used to refer to sth previously mentioned 用以指提到过的事物): Take the book which is lying on the table. 把桌子上的那本书拿走. * A house which overlooks the park will cost more. 面向公园的房子贵些. * Read the passage to which I referred in my talk. 读一读我在讲话中提到的那段文章. * His best film, which won several awards, was about the life of Gandhi. 他的最佳影片, 就是荣获几项奖的那部, 是关於甘地生平的.

which1
* His new car, for which he paid 7000, has already had to be repaired. 他那辆新汽车, 花了7000英镑买的, 已经得修理去了. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Compare the use of which and what as determiners and pronouns in questions. 试比较which和what用作限定词和代词时, 在疑问句中的用法. Which refers to one or more members of a limited group *which指在有限数量中的一个或一些: Which car is yours/Which is your car? The Ford or the Volvo? 哪辆汽车是你的[哪辆是你的汽车]? 是‘福特’牌的还是‘富豪’牌的? What is used when the group is not so limited 若所指的并非在有限的数量中, 要用what: What are your favourite books? 你最喜欢什麽书? When we are referring to people, we often use which even if the choice is not restricted 指人时, 即使所在范围不受限制, 也往往用which: Which/What actors do you admire most? 你最喜爱哪些演员?

whichever
[witF'evE(r); - hwitF-; hwitF'evl] det, pron 1 the person or thing which ...的那个人或事物: * Take whichever hat suits you best. 挑个最适合你戴的帽子. * We'll eat at whichever restaurant has a free table. 哪个饭馆有空桌我们就在哪儿吃吧. * Whichever of you comes first will receive a prize. 你们谁第一谁就能得奖. 2 regardless of which 无论哪个或哪些: * Whichever you buy, there is a six-month guarantee. 不管买哪个都有六个月的保用期. * It takes three hours, whichever route you take. 不论走哪条路都要叁小时. 派生： whichever interrog det, interrog pron (expressing surprise 用以表示惊讶) which （究竟）哪个, 哪些: Whichever of these children is yours? 这些孩子哪个是你的?

whiff
[wif; - hwif; hwif] n ~ (of sth) (a) faint smell or puff of air or smoke 些微的气味、 空气或烟: * catch a whiff of perfume, of cigar smoke 闻到一股香水味、 雪茄烟味 * have a whiff of fresh air 吸一点儿新鲜空气 * (fig 比喻) a whiff (ie a trace or hint) of danger, scandal, suspicion 有点危险、 丑事、 怀疑. (b) small amount breathed in （呼吸时）吸入少量的某物: * a whiff of anaesthetic 吸入一点麻醉剂 * He took a few whiffs, ie of a cigar, pipe, etc. 他吸了几口（雪茄、 烟斗等）. (c) (infml euph 口, 婉) bad smell 难闻的气味: * There is an awful whiff coming from the dustbin. 垃圾箱里冒出很臭的味.

while
1[wail; - hwail; hwail] n [sing] 1 (period of) time （一段）时间: * She worked in a bank for a while before studying law. 她学法律之前在银行工作过一段时间. * For a long while we had no news of him. 很长一段时间我们没有他的消息. * I'll be back in a little while, ie soon. 我一会儿就回来. * It took quite a while (ie a long time) to find a hotel. 很长时间才找到一家旅馆. * We waited for three hours, all the while hoping that someone would come and fetch us. 我们等候了叁个小时, 一直希望能有人来接我们. 2 (idm 习语) once in a while => once. worth sb's while => worth. 派生： while v (phr v) while sth away pass (a period of time) in a leisurely way 逍遥自在地度过（一段时间）: We whiled away the time at the airport reading magazines. 我们在机场阅读杂志消磨时间. * It's easy to while a few hours away in a museum. 在博物馆里很容易打发掉几个小时.

whim
[wim; - hwim; hwim] n sudden desire or idea, esp an unusual or unreasonable one; caprice 一时的兴致; 突然的念头; （尤指）突发奇想, 异想天开; 心血来潮: * It's only a passing whim, ie one that will soon be forgotten. 这只不过是一闪之念. * They seem ready to indulge (ie satisfy) his every whim. 他们简直惯着他随心所欲.

whimper
[5wimpE(r); - 'hwi-; 5hwimpl] v 1 [I] (of a dog, person, etc) whine or cry softly, esp with fear or pain （指狗、 人等）发出长而高音的或微弱的哭声或叫声, （尤指因恐惧或痛苦）呜咽, 啜泣. 2 [Tn] say (sth) in this way 呜咽或啜泣着说（某事）: * `Please don't leave me alone,’ he whimpered. ‘请不要丢下我不管,’他抽抽搭搭地说. =>Usage at cry1 用法见cry1. 派生： whimper n whimpering cry; low sobbing sound 呜咽声; 啜泣声.

whimsy
[5wimzi; - 'hwi-; 5hwimzi] n 1 [U] odd or playful behaviour or humour 希奇的或耍笑的举动或幽默: * His speech was full of whimsy. 他妙语如珠. * `Why did you do it?’ `I don't know, pure whimsy.’ ‘你怎样做出这种事来?’‘我也不知道, 纯粹是闹着玩儿.’ 2 [C] fanciful idea or desire; whim 奇异的念头或兴致; 奇想: * one of her bizarre whimsies 她的一个古怪的念头. 派生： whimsical[5wimzikl; - 'hwi-; 5hwimzikl] adj full of whimsy; fanciful, playful or capricious 有很多希奇的或耍笑的举动或幽默的; 异想天开的; 闹着玩儿的; 突发奇想的: * a whimsical sense of humour 离奇的幽默感* a whimsical story for children 希奇古怪的儿童故事.whimsicality[7wimzi'kAlEti; - 7hwi-; 7hwimzE'kAlEti] n [U]. whimsically[-kli; -kli] adv.

whin
[win; - hwin; hwin] n [U] = gorse.

whine
[wain; - hwain; hwain] n (usu sing 通常作单数) (a) long high-pitched complaining cry, esp one made by a dog or child 长而高音的哭声或叫声（尤指狗或儿童发出的）. (b) similar high-pitched (esp irritating) sound made by a siren, motor-cycle engine, etc （警笛、 摩托车发动机等发出的）长而高音的响声（尤指烦人的）: * the steady whine of a mechanical saw 机械锯发出的吱吱的声音. 派生： whine v 1 [I, It] make a whine 发出长而高音的呜咽声或其他响声: a whining voice 呜咽的声音 * The dog sat outside the door whining (to be let in). 那条狗坐在门外狺狺叫着（要进来）. 2 (a) [I, Ipr] (derog 贬) complain, esp about trivial things 抱怨, 埋怨（尤指为琐事）: Do stop whining! 别再埋怨了! * What is that child whining about now? 那个孩子现在又抱怨什麽呢? (b) [Tn] (derog贬) say (sth) in a pleading or complaining voice 以哀求的或抱怨的声音说（某事）: `I want to go home,’ he whined.‘我要回家,’他哀求着说. whiner n animal or person that whines 发出呜咽声的动物或人.

whinny
[5wini; - 'hwi-; 5hwini] n gentle neighing sound （轻微的）马嘶声. 派生： whinny v (pt, pp whinnied) [I, Ipr] make this sound 发出轻微的马嘶声: The horse whinnied with pleasure. 那匹马舒服的嘶叫着.

whip
1[wip; - hwip; hwip] n 1 [C] length of cord or strip of leather fastened to a handle, used esp for urging on an animal (esp a horse) or for striking a person or an animal as a punishment 鞭子. Cf 参看 horsewhip (horse). 2 [C] (a) (in Britain and the US) official of a political party who has the authority to maintain discipline among its members, esp to make them attend and vote in important government debates （英国和美国的）政党的纪律委员（尤指敦促党员出席政府重要辩论会进行投票者）. (b) instructions given by this official 党纪委员发出的指令: * a ,three-line (ie very urgent) `whip 要求本党议员出席辩论并按指示投票的紧急书面通知. 3 [C] = whipper-in. 4 [C, U] dish of whipped cream, eggs, etc with fruit or other flavouring 搅拌的奶油、 蛋等加水果或其他调料制成的甜食: * caramel, chocolate, strawberry, etc whip 焦糖、 巧克力、 草莓...奶油甜品. 5 (idm 习语) a fair crack of the whip => fair1. get, have, hold, etc the `whip hand (over sb) be in a position where one has power or control (over sb) 位居控制（某人）的地位: * Their opponents had the whip hand and it was useless to resist. 他们因对手权柄在握, 反抗也没用. 派生： whippy adj flexible; springy 易弯曲的; 有弹性的: a whippy cane 有弹力的藤条. 复合： `whipcord n [U] 1 type of strong, tightly twisted cord used for making whips, etc 鞭绳. 2 type of hard-wearing worsted fabric 马裤呢. `whiplash n lash of a whip 鞭打. `whiplash injury injury to the neck caused by a sudden jerk of the head (as in a collision) 鞭子式损伤, 颈椎过度屈伸损伤（如撞车事故造成的）.

whipper
snapper

whippet
[5wipit; - 'hw-; 5hwipit] n small thin dog similar to a greyhound, often used for racing 小灵狗（常用作赛狗）.

whirl
[wE:l; - hw-; hwEl] v 1 [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (cause sb/sth to) move quickly round and round （使某人[某物]）旋转, 打转, 回旋: * the whirling blades of the fan 旋转着的风扇叶片 * The leaves whirled (round) as they fell. 树叶打着转飘落下来. * The wind whirled (up) the fallen leaves. 一阵风把落叶刮得旋转起来. * She whirled the rope round and round (her head). 她（在头上）一圈一圈地旋转着绳带. * He whirled his partner round the dance floor. 他带着舞伴环绕舞池旋转. 2 [Ipr, Ip, Tn.pr, Tn.p] (cause sb/sth to) move or travel rapidly (in the specified direction) （使某人[某物]）（沿某方向）迅速移动或行进: * The houses whirled past us as the train gathered speed. 火车越开越快, 周围的房子在我们旁边一闪而过. * He whirled them away/off in his new sports car. 他开着他的新跑车载着他们疾驶而去. 3 [I] (of the brain, senses, etc) seem to go round and round, so that one feels confused or excited; reel （指头脑、 知觉等）混乱不清, 异常兴奋; 头晕目眩: * I couldn't sleep: * my mind was still whirling from all I had seen and heard. 我睡不着觉, 所见所闻仍在头脑中转来转去. 派生： whirl n [sing] 1 whirling movement 旋转; 回旋: the whirl of the propeller blades 螺旋桨叶片的旋转. 2 rapid succession of activities 一个紧接一个的活动: an endless whirl of parties 接连的无尽无休的聚会 * the social whirl 一连串的社交活动. 3 state of confusion 混乱: My mind is in a whirl. 我心里很乱. 4 (idm 习语) give sth a `whirl (infml 口) try sth as an experiment, to see if it is suitable, pleasant, etc 试试某事物（看是否恰当、 合意等）: The job doesn't sound very exciting but I'll give it a whirl. 这个工作听起来没什麽意思, 可是我还是要去试一试. 复合： `whirlpool n place in a river or the sea where there are whirling currents; circular eddy （河水或海水的）旋涡.

whirl1
`whirlwind n 1 funnel-shaped column of swiftly circulating air 旋风: [attrib 作定语] (fig 比喻) a whirlwind (ie very rapid) affair/courtship/romance 仓促间的暧昧关系[求婚/风流韵事]. 2 (idm 习语) reap the whirlwind => reap.

whirligig
[5wE:ligig; - 'hw-; 5hwEli7gig] n 1 any of several types of spinning or whirling toy, esp a top 旋转式玩具; （尤指）陀螺. 2 = roundabout 1.

whirr
(also esp US whir)[wE:(r); - hw-; hwE] n (usu sing 通常作单数) continuous rapid buzzing or vibrating sound 连续而迅速的嗡嗡声或震动声: * the whirr of a fan, motor, propeller 风扇、 发动机、 螺旋桨的呼呼声. 派生： whirr (also esp US whir) v [I] make this sound 发出嗡嗡声或震动声: The bird flew past, its wings whirring. 那只鸟飞了过去, 翅膀发出呼呼的声音.

whisk
[wisk; - hw-; hwisk] n 1 device (usu made of coiled wire) for whipping eggs, cream, etc （搅打蛋、 奶油等的）搅拌器, 打蛋器（通常为金属圈制成的）. =>illus at kitchen 见kitchen插图. 2 small brush made from a bunch of grass, twigs, bristles, etc tied to a handle （用乾草、 细枝、 鬃毛等制的）小扫帚: * a `fly-whisk 蝇拂. 3 quick light brushing movement (eg of a horse's tail) 掸, 拂（如马尾的摆动）. 派生： whisk v 1 [Tn] move (sth) quickly through the air with a light sweeping movement 挥, 甩（某物）: The horse whisked its tail angrily. 那匹马发着怒甩动的尾巴. 2 [Tn] beat (eggs, etc) into a froth; whip 搅打（鸡蛋等）. 3 (phr v) whisk sth away/off brush sth quickly and lightly away as if with a whisk 刷去或扫掉某物: whisk the flies away 轰走苍蝇. whisk (sb/sth) away, off, etc go or take (sb/sth) away quickly and suddenly 突然匆匆走开或将（某人[某物]）带走: The waiter whisked away the food before we had finished. 服务员没等我们吃完就把饭菜都拿走了. * She (was) whisked up to the top floor in the lift. 她乘电梯迅速到达顶层.

whisker
[5wiskE(r); - 'hwi-; 5hwiskl] n 1 whiskers [pl] long hair growing on a man's face 络腮胡子; 连鬓胡子. Cf 参看 beard1 a, moustache 1. 2 [C] any of the long stiff hairs that grow near the mouth of a cat, rat, etc （猫、 鼠等的）须. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page iii.3 (idm 习语) be the cat's whiskers/pyjamas => cat1.by a `whisker by a very small amount or margin 差一点儿: * She missed the first prize by a whisker. 她只差一点儿就能得到头奖了. 派生： whiskered[5wiskEd; - 'hw-; 5hwiskld] , whiskery/ 5wIskErI; US 5hw-; `hwIskErI/ adjs having whiskers 有络腮胡子的; （猫、 鼠等）有须的.

whisky
(Brit) (US or Irish 美式或爱尔兰式英语作 whiskey)[5wiski; - 'hwi-; 5hwiski] n (a) [U] strong alcoholic drink distilled from malted grain (esp barley or rye) 威士忌: * a bottle of whisky 一瓶威士忌. (b) [C] type of this 威士忌: * This is a very good whisky. 这种威士忌非常好. (c) [C] glass of this 一杯威士忌: * Two whiskies, please. 请来两杯威士忌.

whisper
[5wispE(r); - 'hwi-; 5hwispl] v 1 (a) [I] speak softly, using the breath but without vibrating the vocal cords 声带不振动而用呼吸声说话; 低语; 小声说: * Why are you whispering? 你为什麽低声说话? (b) [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Tf, Dn.pr, Dpr.f, Dpr.t] ~ (about sb/sth); ~ sth (to sb) talk or say sth in this way, esp privately or secretly 小声说某事（尤指私事或秘密事）: * Don't you know it's rude to whisper? 你难道不知道窃窃私语是不礼貌的吗? * He whispered a word in my ear. 他对我附耳说了一句话. * `I feel very afraid,’ she whispered. ‘我觉得很害怕,’她低声说. * She whispered (to me) that she felt very afraid. 她小声（对我）说她觉得很害怕. * It is whispered(ie There is a rumour) that he is heavily in debt. 据说他负债 . 2 [I] (of leaves, the wind, etc) make soft sounds; rustle （指叶子、 风等）发沙沙声, 发飒飒声: * The wind was whispering in the trees. 一阵风穿过树林沙沙作响. 派生： whisper n 1 whispering sound, speech or remark 低语; 小声说的话: He spoke in a whisper. 他低声说话. 2 rumour 传言; 谣言: I've heard whispers that the firm is likely to go bankrupt. 我听到传闻说公司很可能要破产. 复合： `whispering campaign attack on sb's reputation made by passing malicious statements about him from person to person 散布流言诽谤某人.

whist
[wist; - hwist; hwist] n [U] card-game for two pairs of players, similar to bridge2 惠斯特（纸牌游戏, 由两对游戏者参加, 类似桥牌）. 复合： `whist drive series of games of whist played by several sets of partners at different tables, with certain players moving after each round to the next table 惠斯特组合赛（由几对参赛者在各桌进行, 某些参赛者一局後换至下一桌）.

whistle
[5wisl; - 'hwi-; 5hwisl] n 1 (a) clear shrill sound made by forcing breath through a small hole between partly closed lips 口哨声: * (fig 比喻) the whistle of a steam engine 蒸汽发动机的汽笛声. (b) similar tuneful sound made by a bird 鸟发出的类似口哨的声音: * the blackbird's whistle 黑鹂的鸣叫声. 2 instrument used to produce a clear shrill sound, esp as a signal 哨子; 汽笛; 警笛: * The referee blew his whistle. 裁判吹响了哨子. 3 (idm 习语) blow the whistle on sb/sth => blow1. clean as a whistle => clean1. wet one's whistle => wetv. 派生： whistle v 1 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip] make the sound of a whistle 发出哨子或汽笛等的声音: The boy was whistling (away) cheerfully. 那个男孩愉快地（一直）吹着口哨. * A train whistled in the distance. 一列火车在远处鸣响了汽笛. * The wind whistled through a crack in the door. 风从门的裂缝中呼呼地刮了进来. (b) [Tn] produce (a tune) in this way 用口哨吹出（曲调）: He whistled a happy tune as he walked along. 他边走边用口哨吹着快乐的曲子. (c) [Ipr, Tn.pr, Tn.p, Dn.pr, Dpr.t] make a signal to (sb/sth) in this way 用口哨或汽笛等向（某人[某物]）发信号: She whistled her dog back. 她一吹口哨就把她的狗唤了回来. * She whistled for her dog. 她吹口哨唤她的狗来. * He whistled to his friend to keep hidden. 他吹口哨通知朋友继续隐蔽. 2 [I, Ipr, Ip] move swiftly with a noise like a whistle 发出似口哨声迅速移动: A bullet whistled past his head. 一颗子弹嗖的一声从他头上经过. 3 (idm 习语) whistle in the `dark try to overcome one's fear in a frightening or dangerous situation 在惊险情况下尽力给自己壮胆. 4 (phr v) whistle for sth (infml 口) wish for or expect sth in vain 徒然希望或指望某事物: If he wants his money now he'll have to whistle for it, I'm afraid. 要是他现在想要他的钱, 我看他是吹了. 复合： `whistle-stop n (a) (US) small railway station where trains stop only when signalled to do so （仅於发出停车信号才停的）小火车站.

whistle1
(b) (fig 比喻) short stop made by a politician during an election campaign （竞选活动中政客的）短暂停留: [attrib 作定语] on a whistle- stop tour of the country 在全国各地作短暂停留的竞选旅行.

whit
[wit; - hwit; hwit] n [sing] (usu in negative sentences 通常用於否定句中) the smallest amount 极少的量; 一点儿: * I don't care a whit (ie in the least) whether she stays or not. 我毫不在乎她的去留. * I've read the report but I'm no whit the wiser, ie I don't understand it at all. 我看了这份报告, 一点都不明白.

white
1[wait; - hwait; hwait] adj (-r, -st) 1 of the very palest colour, like fresh snow, common salt or milk 白的; 白色的: * walls painted white 已刷成白色的墙壁 * strong white teeth 健康洁白的牙齿 * Her hair has turned white, eg with age. 她的头发已经白了（如上了年纪）. * I like my coffee white, ie with milk or cream in it. 我喜欢加牛奶或奶油的咖啡. Cf 参看 black1. 2 of a pale-skinned race 白种人的. 3 ~ (with sth) (of a person) pale as a result of emotion or illness （指人）（因情绪变化或生病）脸色苍白的: * He was white with fury. 他气得脸色煞白. 4 (idm 习语) (in) black and white => black2. bleed sb white => bleed. show the white feather => show2. (as) ,white as a `sheet very pale, esp as a result of fear or shock 苍白的（尤指因恐惧或震惊所致）: * She went as white as a sheet when she heard the news. 她听到这个消息顿时脸色苍白. (as) white as `snow very white 雪白的; 极白的: * an old man with hair as white as snow 一个白发苍苍的老先生. a white elephant possession that is useless and often expensive to maintain 无用的而常指保管昂贵的东西. 派生： white v [Tn] (idm 习语) a whited `sepulchre (fml 文) person who seems to be good, but is really evil; hypocrite 伪君子. whiten[5waitn; - 'hwai-; 5hwaitn] v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become white or whiter （使某物）变白或更白: * whiten one's tennis shoes 刷白自己的网球鞋. whiteness n [U]. whitish adj tending towards white; fairly white 发白的; 稍白的: a whitish blue 略白的蓝色 * a whitish dress 发白的连衣裙. 复合： `white ant = termite. `whitebait n [U] young herrings, sprats or other small silvery white fish that are eaten whole as food 鲱、 西鲱的幼鱼或其他银白色小鱼（可整条食用）. `white cell, ,white `corpuscle any of the cells in the blood that fight infection; leucocyte 白血球. Cf 参看 red corpuscle (red1).

white1
,white `coffee coffee with milk or cream added 加牛奶或奶油的咖啡. ,white-`collar adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of a job, worker, etc) not manual （指工作、 工作者等）白领的（不使用体力的）. Cf 参看 blue-collar (blue1). ,white `dwarf small, very dense, faint star 白矮星. Cf 参看 red giant (red1). ,white `ensign flag flown by ships of the British navy 英国皇家海军军旗. Cf 参看 red ensign (red1). ,white `flag symbol of surrender 白旗（投降的标志）. ,white `heat high temperature at which metal looks white 白热; 白炽. ,white `horses waves in the sea with white crests on them 白浪. ,white `hope (infml 口) person who is expected to bring success to a team, group, etc 可望给一队、 一集体等带来成功的人: He was once the great white hope of the Labour Party. 他一度是工党中深孚众望的人. ,white-`hot adj at white heat; extremely hot 白热的; 炽热的. the `White House (a) the official residence (in Washington DC) of the President of the USA 白宫（美国总统府, 位於美国首都华盛顿）. (b) the US President and his advisers 白宫; 美国总统及其顾问: The White House has denied the report. 白宫已否认这一报道. ,white `lead poisonous compound of lead carbonate, used as a pigment 白铅（碳酸铅, 有毒, 用作颜料）. white `lie harmless or trivial lie, esp one told in order to avoid hurting sb 无害的或无关紧要的谎话（尤指为避免伤及某人而说的）. `white man (fem 阴性作 `white woman) member of a pale-skinned race; Caucasian 白人; 白种人: remote areas where no white man had ever been 白种人没到过的偏远地区. `white meat (a) poultry, veal or pork 白色肉（家禽肉、 小牛肉或猪肉）. (b) meat from the breast of a cooked chicken or other bird （烹调的鸡肉或其他禽肉的）胸脯肉. Cf 参看 red meat (red2). ,white `noise noise that contains many frequencies with approximately equal energies 白噪声; 白噪音.

white2
,White `Paper (Brit) report published by the government about its policy on a matter that is to be considered by Parliament 白皮书. Cf 参看 Green Paper (green1). ,white `pepper pepper made by grinding peppercorns after the husks have been removed 白胡椒. ,white `sauce sauce made from butter, flour and milk白沙司（用黄油、 面粉、 牛奶制成的调味汁）: Add cheese to the white sauce. 在白沙司里加上奶酪. ,white `slave woman forced into becoming a prostitute, esp in a foreign country 被迫为娼的女子（尤指在国外）: [attrib 作定语] the white-`slave trade/traffic 迫良为娼的买卖. ,white `slavery. ,white `spirit (esp Brit) light petroleum used as a paint solvent or cleaning substance 石油溶剂: remove paint from the brushes with white spirit 用石油溶剂除去刷子上的油漆. ,white `tie (man's white bow-tie worn as part of) full formal evening dress （男用）全套正式晚礼服（配用的白领结）: [attrib 作定语] Is it a white-tie affair? 参加这个聚会是不是得穿全套晚礼服? `whitewash n 1 [U] powdered lime or chalk mixed with water, used for painting （粉刷用的）石灰水. 2 [C, U] (fig 比喻) (process of) hiding sb's errors, faults, etc 粉饰; 掩饰: The opposition dismissed the report as a whitewash. 反对党认为这份报告文过饰非不予理会. v [Tn] 1 put whitewash on (a wall, etc) 粉刷（墙壁等）: whitewash the outside of the cottage 粉刷农舍的外墙. 2 try to make (sb, sb's reputation, etc) appear blameless by hiding errors, faults, etc 为（某人、 某人的名誉等）涂脂抹粉. ,white `wedding wedding at which the bride wears a white dress, esp one that takes place in a church 新娘穿白色礼服的婚礼（尤指在教堂举行的）. ,white `wine wine that is very pale yellow, amber or golden 白葡萄酒; 浅色果酒. Cf 参看 red wine (red1), rose.

Whitehall
[5waithC:l; - 'hwai-; 5hwait7hCl] n (a) [U] street in London where there are many Government offices 怀特霍尔（伦敦一街道, 政府机关所在地）: * Rumours are circulating in Whitehall. 怀特霍尔街上流传着谣言. (b) [Gp] the British Government 白厅; 英国政府: * Whitehall is/are refusing to confirm the reports. 英国政府对这些报道不予证实.

whither
[5wiTE(r); - 'hwi-; 5hwiTl] adv (arch or rhet 古或修辞) to what place or state 向何处; 到何种情况: * Whither goest thou? 汝欲何往? * Whither (ie What is the likely future of) the shipping industry? 航运业何去何从?

whiting
1[5waitiN; - 'hwai-; 5hwaitiN] n (pl unchanged 复数不变) any of several types of small silvery-grey sea-fish 牙鳕（多种银灰色小海鱼）.

whitlow
[5witlEu; - 'hwi-; 5hwitlo] n small painfully inflamed place on a finger or toe, esp near a nail 瘭疽; 化脓性指头炎.

Whitsun
[5witsn; - 'hwi-; 5hwitsn] (also Whit/wit; - hwit; hwit] ) n Whit Sunday and the days close to it 圣灵降临节及其前後几天. 复合： `Whitsuntide[-taid; -7taid] n = Whitsun.

whittle
[5witl; - 'hwi-; 5hwitl] v 1 (a) [Ipr, Tn] ~ (at) sth cut thin slices or strips off (wood, etc) 削（木头等）. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ A (from B); ~ B (into A) make or shape (sth) by doing this 削成（某物）: * whittling a tent-peg from a branch/a branch into a tent-peg 把树枝削成帐篷钉. 2 (phr v) whittle sth away gradually remove or decrease sth 逐渐削减某事物: * Inflation has whittled away their savings. 通货膨胀蚕食了他们的积蓄. whittle sth down (a) make sth thinner by cutting off fine slices with a knife 用刀将某物削薄. (b) reduce the size of sth gradually 逐渐减少某事物: * The number of employees is being whittled down in order to reduce costs. 为节省开支现正逐渐裁员.

whiz
[wiz; - hwiz; hwiz] v (-zz-) [I, Ipr, Ip] (a) make a sound like that of an object moving very fast through the air 发出如物体急速穿过空气的声音: * A bullet whizzed past my ear. 一颗子弹嗖的一声从我耳边飞过. (b) (infml 口) move very fast 高速移动: * whizzing along (the motorway) （在高速公路上）飞速行驶. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Compare zoom, whiz, zip, shoot, dart, and nip. 试比较zoom、 whiz、 zip、 shoot、 dart、 nip这几个动词. Zoom and whiz are both informal and indicate the rapid noisy movement of a vehicle, etc. *zoom与whiz均为口语用词, 指车等快速行驶同时发出声响. Zoom suggests a low engine noise; whiz suggests a high whistling sound *zoom指发动机的低声, whiz指似口哨或汽笛的高声: The jet zoomed low over the houses, frightening everyone. 那架喷气式飞机低飞掠过房顶, 隆隆声把大家吓了一跳. * A bullet whizzed past my ear. 一颗子弹嗖的一声从我耳边飞过. Zip also describes a vehicle moving fast but does not suggest noise. *zip也指车快速行驶, 但不含发出声响之意. It can refer to people getting through a task or a process quickly 这个词还可指人迅速完成一任务或经过一过程: These new trains really zip along. 这些新列车行驶得可真快. * We were lucky we just zipped through customs. 我们很运气--一下子就过了海关. Shoot and dart indicate the sudden rapid movement of a person, an animal or a thing *shoot和dart指人、 动物或东西突然快速移动: A car suddenly shot out of a side road and nearly hit me. 有一辆汽车冷不防从岔道上冲出, 险些撞着我. * The boy suddenly darted across the road in front of the bus. 那个男孩突然从公共汽车前面冲过马路. Nip is informal, indicating someone hurrying somewhere for a short time and for a particular purpose *nip是口语用词, 指某人为某目的匆匆去一下某处: I must nip round to the shops for some milk. 我得赶快到商店转一圈买点儿牛奶.

who
[hu:; hu] interrog pron 1 (used as the subject of a v to ask about the name, identity or function of one or more people 用作动词的主体, 用以询问人的姓名、 身分或职位): * Who is the woman in the black hat? 戴黑帽子的那个女的是谁? * I wonder who phoned this morning.我不知道今天上午谁打来过电话. * Who are the men in white coats? 穿着白大衣的那些男的是什麽人? * Do you know who broke the window? 你知道是谁把窗户打破的吗? 2 (infml 口) (used as the object of a v or prep 用作动词或介词的宾语): * Who did you see at church? 你做礼拜时看见谁了? * Who are you phoning? 你给谁打电话呢? * Who shall I give it to? 我把这个给谁? * Who is the money for? 这钱是给谁的? 3 (idm 习语) who am `I, are `you, is `she, etc, to do sth? what right, authority, etc have I, etc to do sth 我、 你、 她等有什麽权利、 资格等做某事: * Who are you to tell me I can't leave my bicycle here? It's not your house. 你凭什麽不让我把自行车放在这儿? 这又不是你们家. (know, learn, etc) who's `who (be informed about) people's names, jobs, status, etc （知道）人的名字、 工作、 身分等; （了解）谁是谁: * You'll soon find out who's who in this department. 你很快就能弄清楚这个部门每个人的情况. 派生： who rel pron 关系代词 1 (a) (in clauses which define the preceding n 用於限定先行名词的从句中): the man/men who wanted to meet you 想要见你的人 * The people who called yesterday want to buy the house. 昨天打来电话的人想买这所房子. (b) (in clauses which do not define the preceding n 用於不限定先行名词的从句中): My wife, who is out at the moment, will phone you when she gets back. 我们太太现在出去了, 等她回来给你去电话. * Mrs Smith, who has a lot of teaching experience, will be joining us in the spring. 史密斯夫人很有教学经验, 她将在春天来和我们一道工作. 2 (used as the object of a v or prep 用作动词或介词的宾语) (a) (in a defining clause, where it can be omitted 用於限定性从句中, 此时who字可省去不用): The couple (who) we met on holiday have sent us a card. 我们度假时遇到的那对夫妇给我们寄来一张明信片.

who'd
[hu:d; hud] contracted form 缩约式 1 who had => have. 2 who would => will1, would2.

who'll
[hu:l; hul] contracted form 缩约式 who will => will1.

who're
[5hu:E(r); 5hul] contracted form 缩约式 who are => be.

who's
[hu:z; huz] contracted form 缩约式 1 who is => be. 2 who has => have.

who've
[hu:v; huv] contracted form 缩约式 who have => have.

who1
* The boy (who) I spoke to a moment ago is the son of my employer. 那个男孩, 就是我刚才和他说话的那个, 是我们雇主的儿子. (b) (in a non-defining clause 用於非限定性从句中): Mary, who we were talking about earlier, has just walked in. 玛丽, 我们刚才还说她来着, 已经进来了. =>Usage at whom 用法见whom.

whoa
[wEu; wo] interj (used as a command to a horse, etc to stop or stand still 用以叫马停下来或站住不动的口令).

whodunit
(also whodunnit)[7hu:'dQnit; hu'dQnit] n (infml 口) detective story or play in which the person who does the crime is only revealed at the end （在故事情节中作案罪犯在结局时才揭示出来的）侦探小说或戏剧: * her latest whodunit 她最新的一部悬疑侦探小说.

whoever
[hu:'evE(r); hu'evl] pron 1 the person who ...的那个人: * Whoever says that is a liar. 说那话的人是个骗子. * You're responsible to whoever is in charge of sales. 你要向主管销售的人负责. 2 regardless of who 无论谁: * Whoever wants to speak to me on the phone, tell them I'm busy. 不管谁要我接电话, 就说我现在正忙着呢. * Tell whoever you like it makes no difference to me. 你愿意告诉谁就告诉谁--对我来说都无所谓. 派生： whoever interrog pron (expressing surprise 用以表示惊讶) who （究竟）谁: Whoever heard of such a thing! 谁听说过这种事!

whole
[hEul; hol] adj 1 [attrib 作定语] entire; complete 完全的; 整体的; 全部的: * three whole days 叁整天 * We drank a whole bottle each. 我们每人都喝了整整一瓶. * The whole town was destroyed by the earthquake. 整个小镇已遭地震摧毁. * (infml 口) The whole country (ie All the people in it) mourned the death of the queen. 举国哀悼女王晏驾. * I've sold the whole lot, ie everything. 我把所有东西都卖了. * Let's forget the whole affair/matter/thing. 咱们完全不要再想这件事了. * Tell me the whole truth. 把实情一五一十都告诉我. =>Usage at half1 用法见half1. 2 not broken, damaged or injured; intact 完整的; 无损伤的: * After the party, there wasn't a glass left whole. 这场聚会结束时, 玻璃杯连一个完整的也没剩下. * cook sth whole, ie without cutting it up 烹治整个儿的某物（不切开） * swallow sth whole, ie without chewing it 把某物囫囵吞下（不咀嚼） * (fml 文) make sb whole, ie well again (after injury or illness) 使某人痊愈. 3 (idm 习语) go the whole hog (infml 口) do sth thoroughly or completely 彻底地或完全地做某事: * They painted the kitchen and then decided to go the whole hog and redecorate the other rooms as well. 他们粉刷了厨房, 後来又决心干到底, 把其他房间也都修饰了一番. the whole bag of `tricks/ ca`boodle/ she`bang/ `shooting match (infml 口) the whole collection of facts or things 全部事物: * I just threw the whole caboodle in the back of the car. 我把所有东西都扔到汽车後座上去了. * They bought the house, the land, the stables the whole shooting match. 他们买下了那所房子、 那片土地、 那个马厩--所有东西都一齐买下了. a whole lot (of sth) (infml 口) a large number or amount 大量: * a whole lot of reasons for not doing it 不做这件事的许许多多理由 * a whole lot of trouble 很多麻烦. with all one's heart/one's whole heart => heart.

whole1
派生： whole n 1 [C] thing that is complete in itself 自成完整的事物; 整体; 整个; 全体: Four quarters make a whole.四个四分之一可构成一个整体. * A whole is greater than any of its parts. 整体大於其组成部分. =>Usage at half1 用法见half1. 2 [sing] ~ of sth all that there is of sth某事物的全部: She spent the whole of the year in hospital.她住院住了整整一年了. 3 (idm 习语) as a `whole (a) as one thing or piece and not as separate parts 作为整体: Is the collection going to be divided up or sold as a whole? 这批收藏品是零卖还是一起卖? (b) in general 普遍说来; 一般地说: The population as a whole is/are in favour of the reform. 全体人民普遍拥护改革. on the whole considering everything 总的说来; 一切都考虑在内: On the whole, I'm in favour of the proposal. 总的说来, 我赞成这个提议. wholeness n [U]. wholly[5hEulli; 5holi] adv completely; entirely 完全地; 全部地: * not a wholly successful book 并不十分成功的书 * I'm not wholly convinced by your argument. 您的论证我尚未尽以为然. 复合： `whole food, `whole foods food that has not been processed or refined and is free from artificial substances全部原食物（未经加工或精炼而无人造物质食物）: [attrib作定语] a whole-food restaurant 全部原食物餐厅. ,whole-`hearted adj without doubts or hesitation 全心全意的: give ,wholehearted sup`port 给予全心全意的支持. ,whole-`heartedly adv: wholeheartedly in favour of the scheme 全心全意赞成这项计画. ,whole `holiday single whole day taken as a holiday, esp at a school 一整天的假（尤指学校的）. `wholemeal n [U] flour that is made from the whole grain of wheat, etc including the husk 全麦面粉: [attrib 作定语] wholemeal bread 全麦面包. ,whole `note (US) = semibreve. ,whole `number (mathematics 数) number that consists of one or more units, with no fractions; integer 整数.

wholesale
[5hEulseil; 5hol7sel] n [U, usu attrib 通常作定语] selling of goods (esp in large quantities) to shopkeepers for resale to the public 批发; 趸批出卖: * the wholesale trade 批发业 * wholesale prices 批发价格. Cf 参看 retail. 派生： wholesale adj, adv (a) of, involving or engaged in wholesale as a method of trading 批发（的）; 趸批出卖（的）: We buy our supplies wholesale. 我们以批发交易方式进货. (b) (often derog 常作贬义) on a large scale 大规模（的）: the wholesale slaughter of innocent people 大批屠杀无辜百姓. wholesale v [Tn] sell (goods) wholesale 批发（货物）. wholesaler n.

wholesome
[5hEulsEm; 5holsEm] adj (a) good for one's health or well-being 有益於健康的: * plain but wholesome meals 清淡却有益於健康的饭菜 * (fig 比喻) wholesome advice 有益的劝告. (b) suggesting a healthy condition 显示健康的: * have a wholesome appearance 显出健康的样子. > wholesomeness n [U].

wholly
=> whole.

whom
[hu:m; hum] interrog pron (fml 文) (used as the object of a v or prep 用作动词或介词的宾语) which person or people 谁: * Whom did they invite? 他们邀请谁了? * To whom should I refer the matter? 我应该找谁办这件事? * By whom was the order executed? 这项命令是谁执行的? 派生： whom rel pron 关系代词 (fml 文) 1 (used as the object of a v or prep introducing a clause that describes a person 用作动词或介词的宾语, 以引导出修饰人的从句): The author whom you criticized in your review has written a letter in reply. 您在评论中批评的那个作者已经写了一封回信. * The person to whom this letter was addressed died three years ago. 这封信的收信人叁年前就去世了. 2 (used esp in formal written English as the object of a v or prep in a non-defining clause 尤用於庄重的书面语中, 作动词或介词的宾语以引导出非限定从句): My parents, whom I'm sure you remember, passed away within a week of one another. 我的父母, 您一定还记得他们的, 已於一周内相继去世. * Her elder daughter, in whom she placed the greatest trust, failed to match her expectations. 她的长女, 她对之无比信任, 却辜负了她的期望. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Whom is rarely used in everyday language. 在日常使用的语言中很少用到whom这个词. Who is more common as the object form, especially in questions 与之相比, who倒常用作宾语, 尤用於疑问句中: Who did you see at the party? 你在聚会中看见谁了? Whom is necessary after prepositions 在介词後面必须用whom: With whom did you go? 您是同何人一道去的? This use of preposition + whom is very formal and occurs especially in writing. 这种‘介词+whom’的用法极为庄重且特别用於书面语中. In informal language we say 在口语中应说: Who did you go with? 您是跟谁一起去的? In defining relative clauses whom is also unusual. 在限定性关系从句中也很少用whom这个词. The object pronoun is often omitted or replaced by who or that 在这种从句中, 宾格代词whom往往省去不用, 或用who或that代之: The students(whom/who/that) we examined last week were excellent. 我们上星期考的学生都好极了. In non-defining relative clauses whom or who (not that) is used and the pronoun cannot be omitted 在非限定性关系从句中, 要用whom或who（不可用that）而且不可省略: Our doctor, whom/who we all like very much, is leaving. 常给我们看病的那个医生, 我们都非常喜欢他, 他要走了. This construction is uncommon in spoken English. 这种结构很少用於口语中.

whoop
[hu:p, wu:p; - hwu:p; hwup] n 1 loud cry, esp one expressing joy or excitement 大叫, 呼喊（尤指表达喜悦或兴奋的）: * They opened the parcel with whoops of delight. 他们打开包裹, 高兴地叫喊起来. 2 harsh gasping sound made by sb with whooping cough （百日咳患者的）咳嗽和哮喘声. 派生： whoop v [I] 1 utter a loud (joyful or excited) cry 发出（喜悦的或激动的）叫喊声: whoop with joy 欢呼. 2 cough with a whoop(2) 发出咳嗽和哮喘声. 3 (idm 习语) ,whoop it `up/wu:p; - hwup; hwup] (infml 口) take part in noisy celebrations 欢闹; 狂欢庆祝: * After their victory they were whooping it up all night long. 他们获胜後通宵狂欢庆祝. 复合： `whooping cough infectious disease, esp of children, with gasping coughs and long rasping intakes of breath 百日咳. ,whooping `crane large N American bird that makes a whooping sound ( whoop 2 ) 高鸣鹤（产於北美）.

whoopee
[5wupi:; - 'hwu-; 5hwupi] interj (expressing joy 表示喜悦的呼喊). 派生： whoopee n (idm 习语) make `whoopee (dated infml 旧, 口) rejoice or celebrate noisily 欢闹; 狂欢庆祝.

whop
[wCp; - hwCp; hwap] v (-pp-) [Tn] (infml 口 esp US) thrash or defeat (sb) 痛打, 打败（某人）. 派生： whopper n (infml 口) (a) thing that is very big of its kind （同类中的）极大的事物: The fisherman had caught a whopper. 那个打鱼的捕到一条特大的鱼. (b) big lie 弥天大谎: If she said that, she was telling a real whopper. 要是她那麽说的, 她就是说了个大瞎话. whopping (infml 口) adj very big 极大的: a whopping lie 大瞎话. adv (infml 口) very 非常: a whopping big hole in the ground 地上的一个极大的洞.

whore
[hC:(r); hCr] n (dated or derog 旧或贬) (a) prostitute 妓女; 男妓. (b) sexually immoral woman 性关系不道德的女子. 复合： `whore-house n (dated or derog 旧或贬) brothel 妓院.

whorl
[wE:l; - hw-; hwEl] n 1 one turn of a spiral （一 圈）螺纹. 2 complete circle formed by the ridges of a fingerprint （指纹的）涡. 3 ring of leaves, petals, etc round the stem of a plant 轮生体（环生於植物茎部的叶、 花瓣等）.

whortleberry
[5wE:tlberi; - 'hwE:rtlberi; 5hwEtl7beri] n = bilberry.

whose
[hu:z; huz] interrog pron, interrog det of whom 谁的: * Whose (house) is that? 那是谁的（房子）? * I wonder whose (book) this is. 我不知道这是谁的（书）. 派生： whose rel det 关系限定词 of whom; (less commonly) of which 谁的; 哪个的（不常用）: the boy whose father is in prison 他父亲正在坐牢的那个男孩儿 * the people whose house was broken into last week 上星期闹贼的那家人 * the house whose door has a glass panel, ie instead of the house with a door with a glass panel 门上镶着玻璃的那所房子.

why
[wai; - hwai; hwai] interrog adv 1 for what reason or purpose 为什麽原因或目的: * Why were you late? 你为什麽迟到? * Why did you buy a spade? 你买铁 干什麽? * Tell me why you did it. 告诉我你为什麽干那件事? * Do you know why the door is locked? 你知道不知道门为什麽锁上了? 2 (used in front of a v to suggest that sth is unacceptable or unnecessary 用於动词前表示某事不可取或不必要): * Why get upset just because you got a bad mark? 何必因为得的分数差就想不开? * Why bother to write? We'll see him tomorrow. 还写信干什麽? 我们明天就见到他了. 3 (idm 习语) why ever (used to express surprise 用以表示惊讶) why （究竟）为什麽, 怎麽: * Why ever didn't you tell us before? 你怎麽不早告诉我们呢? why not (used to make or agree to a suggestion用以提出一建议或对一建议表示同意): * Why not go now?现在就去好不好? * `Let's go to the cinema.’ `Why not?’ ‘咱们去看电影吧.’‘好哇.’ 派生： why rel adv 关系副词 (used esp after reason 尤用於reason一词之後) for which (reason) 因此（原因）: the reason why he left her 他离开她的原因 * That is (the reason) why I came early. 这就是我来早了的原因. why interj (expressing surprise, impatience, etc 用以表示惊讶、 不耐烦等): Why, it's you! 呦, 是你呀! * Why, it's easy a child could do it! , 这很容易--连孩子都会! why n (idm 习语) the whys and (the) wherefores the reasons 原因; 缘故; 理由: I don't need to hear all the whys and the wherefores, I just want to know what happened. 我无需听那些大道理, 我只想知道是怎麽了.

WI
abbr 缩写 = 1 (esp in addresses) West Indies （尤用作地址上的字样）西印度群岛. 2[7dQblju: 'ai; 7dQblju 'ai] (Brit infml 口) Women's Institute 妇女协会.

wick
[wik; wik] n 1 (a) length of thread in the centre of a candle, the top end of which is lit and burns as the wax melts 蜡烛心. =>illus at candle 见candle插图. (b) flat or rounded length of woven material by which oil is drawn up to be burnt, in oil-lamps, oil-stoves and some types of cigarette lighter 灯心; （某些类型的打火机的）油绳: * trim the wick of a lamp 修剪灯心. 2 (idm 习语) get on sb's `wick (Brit infml 口) irritate sb continually 不断招惹某人.

wicked
[5wikid; 5wikid] adj (-er, -est) 1 (of a person or his actions) morally bad; sinful or evil （指人或人的行为）不道德的, 缺德的, 邪恶的: * That was very wicked of you. 你干的事可真缺德. * a wicked deed, lie, plot 邪恶的行为、 谎言、 阴谋 * (fig 比喻) wicked (ie very high) prices 邪乎的（极高的）价格 * wicked (ie very bad or unpleasant) weather 糟糕的天气. 2 intended to harm or capable of harming 意欲伤害的; 有伤害能力的: * a wicked blow 意欲打伤的一击 * a wicked-looking knife 杀气腾腾的刀. 3 mischievous 淘气的; 顽皮的: * a wicked sense of humour 恶作剧的幽默感. 派生： the wicked n [pl v] 1 wicked people 恶人. 2 (idm 习语) (there's) no peace, rest, etc for the `wicked(saying usu joc 谚, 通常作戏谑语) wrongdoers have (and must expect) a life full of fear, worry, etc 恶人永无宁日. wickedly adv: The knife gleamed wickedly in the moonlight.那把刀在月光下闪着凶光. wickedness n [U].

wicker
[5wikE(r); 5wikl] n [U] twigs or canes woven together, esp to make baskets or furniture 编结的树枝或藤条（尤指为制作篮、 筐或家具用的）: * [attrib 作定语] a wicker chair 藤椅. 复合： `wickerwork n [U] baskets, furniture, etc made of wicker （用枝条制作的）篮、 筐、 家具等: [attrib 作定语] wickerwork chairs 藤椅.

wicket
[5wikit; 5wikit] n 1 small door or gate, esp one at the side of (or part of) a larger one 小门（尤指大门旁的或大门上的）. 2 (a) (in cricket) either of the two sets of three stumps (with cross-pieces called bails on), at which the ball is bowled and which is defended by the batsman （板球）叁柱门: * take a wicket, ie dismiss a batsman 把一击球员杀出局 * Surrey are four wickets down/have lost four wickets, ie Four of their batsmen are out. 萨里队有四名击球员出局. * We won by six wickets, ie won with seven of our batsman not out. 我们队以七名击球员未出局而获胜. =>illus at cricket 见cricket插图. (b) stretch of ground between the two wickets两座叁柱门之间的场地: * a fast/slow wicket, ie one on which the ball bounces at a quick/slow pace when bowled 球弹起快[慢]的场地 * (fig infml 比喻, 口)be on an easy, good, soft, sticky, etc wicket, ie be in circumstances, a job, etc of the type specified 处於舒适的、 良好的、 轻松的、 困难的等环境. 3 (idm 习语) keep `wicket act as a wicket-keeper 防守叁柱门. leg before wicket => leg. pitch wickets => pitch2. 复合： `wicket-keeper n (in cricket) player who stands behind the wicket in order to stop balls that the batsman misses, to catch balls that the batsman hits, etc （板球）叁柱门守门员. =>illus at cricket 见cricket插图.

wide
[waid; waid] adj (-r, -st) 1 (a) measuring much from side to side; not narrow 宽的; 宽阔的: * a wide river 宽阔的河 * The gap in the fence was just wide enough for the sheep to get through. 篱笆上的豁口宽度刚好能让羊钻过去. * (fig 比喻) a wide (ie large) selection 广泛的可供选择的范围. Cf 参看 broad1 1. (b) having the specified width 有某宽度的: * The garden is thirty feet wide. 这个花园叁十英尺宽. * a two-inch-wide ribbon 两英寸宽的带子. 2 extending over a large area 广大的; 宽广的: * the whole wide world 整个大世界 * a manager with wide experience of industry 在工业方面有丰富经验的经理 * The affair raises wider issues of national interest. 此事向全民提出了广为关注的问题.3 fully open 完全张开的: * She stared at him with eyes wide. 她睁大了眼睛注视着他. 4 far from the point aimed at 远离目标的: * Her shot was wide (of the target). 她射的离目标很远. 5 (idm 习语) be/fall wide of the `mark be inaccurate or far from the point aimed at 不准确的; 离目的远的: * His guesses were all very wide of the mark. 他猜得都很离谱. give sb/sth a wide `berth remain at a safe distance from sb/sth 与某人[某事物]保持安全距离: * He's so boring that I always try to give him a wide berth at parties. 他这个人很没意思, 在聚会上我总是对他退避叁舍. 派生： wide adv 1 to the full extent; fully 充分地; 完全地: wide awake 完全清醒 * with legs wide apart 两腿劈开很大 * Open your mouth wide. 把嘴张大. 2 (idm 习语) cast one's net wide => cast1. far and near/wide => far. wide `open (of a contest) with no competitor who is a certain winner （指竞赛）没有一个参赛者有必胜把握的. 3 wide open (to sth) exposed (to attack, etc) （对於外来的攻击等）敞开着的, 暴露着的, 可以受到的: wide open to criticism 尽可受到批评. ,widea`wake adj(infml approv 口, 褒) alert 警觉的; 警惕的: a ,wideawake young `woman, ie one who realizes what is going on, etc and is not easily deceived 机敏的年轻女子. `widespreadadj found or distributed over a large area 遍布的; 大面积的: widespread damage, confusion 大面积的损坏、 各处呈现的混乱.

wide1
wide n (in cricket) ball that is judged by the umpire to be bowled outside the batsman's reach （板球）（裁判认为投的球为）坏球. -wide (forming adjs and advs 用以构成形容词和副词) extending to the whole of sth 达到某处全部范围: a nationwide search * travelled worldwide. widely adv 1 to a large extent or degree 达到大的范围或程度: differing widely in their opinions 他们的意见分歧很大. 2 over a large area 广泛地; 遍布: widely scattered 遍及各处 * It is widely known that... 众所周知.... widen[5waidn; 5waidn] v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become wider （使某物）变宽; 加宽; 放宽: * The road is being widened.这条路正在拓宽. * He wants to widen his knowledge of the industry. 他想扩充自己在这一行业的知识. 复合： ,wide-angle `lens camera lens that can give a wider field of vision than a standard lens 广角透镜. `wide boy (dated Brit infml derog 旧, 口, 贬) person who is shrewd, unscrupulous and often dishonest, esp in business 刁滑的、 肆行无忌的且常为不诚实的人（尤指做生意时）. ,wide-`eyed adj with eyes open widely in amazement or innocent surprise 睁大眼睛的, 目瞪口呆的（因惊奇或少见多怪）. ,wide-`ranging adj covering a large area or many subjects 范围或内容广泛的: ,wide-ranging investi`gations 范围广泛的调查.

widgeon
[5widVEn; 5widVEn] n (pl unchanged or ~s 复数或不变或作widgeons) any of several types of wild duck 凫; 野鸭.

widow
[5widEu; 5wido] n woman whose husband has died and who has not married again 寡妇; 孀妇: * She has been a widow for ten years. 她守寡十年了. * He married his brother's widow. 他娶了他哥哥的遗孀. 派生： widow v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] cause (sb) to become a widow or widower 使（某人）成寡妇或鳏夫: She was widowed at an early age. 她年轻时就成了寡妇. * Many people were widowed by the war. 很多人因战乱丧偶. `widowhood n [U] state or time of being a widow 守寡; 孀居.

widower
[5widEuE(r); 5widEwl] n man whose wife has died and who has not married again 鳏夫.

width
[widW, witW; widW, witW] n 1 (a) [U, C] measurement from side to side 宽度: * 10 metres in width 10米宽 * measure the width of the floor 测量地板的宽度 * The carpet is available in various widths. 地毯现货尺寸齐全. =>illus at dimension 见dimension插图. (b) [C] piece of material of a certain width 呈某宽度的材料: * Two widths of cloth were joined to make the curtain. 是用两幅布料拼成的这个 子. 2 [U] quality or state of being wide; wideness 宽; 广: * The river can be used by many ships because of its width. 这条河很宽可容许多船航行. * (fig 比喻) width of experience, knowledge, mind 经验之丰富、 知识之广博、 心胸之宽阔. 3 [C] distance between the sides of a swimming-pool 游泳池横向两边之间的距离: * She can swim two widths now. 她现在能在游泳池里横向游一个来回了. 复合： `widthways adv along the width and not the length 沿宽边（非沿长边）: The fabric was folded widthways. 这块织物是沿宽边摺起的.

wield
[wi:ld; wild] v [Tn] hold in one's hand(s) and use (a weapon, tool, etc) 手持着使用（武器、 工具等）: * wield an axe, a sword, a tennis racket 使用斧头、 剑、 网球拍 * (fig 比喻) wield authority, control, power, etc 运用权力、 控制手段、 权势等.

wiener
[5wi:nE(r); 5winl] n (US) =frankfurter.

wife
[waif; waif] n (pl wives/waivz; waivz] ) 1 married woman, esp when considered in relation to her husband 已婚女子; 妻: * the doctor's wife 那个医生的妻子 * She was a good wife and mother. 她是贤妻良母. 2 (idm 习语) husband and wife => husband. an old wives' tale => old. all the world and his wife => world. 派生： wifely adj of, like or expected of a wife （似）妻子的; 为妻（应有）的: wifely duties, support, virtues 做妻子的责任、 支持、 美德.

wig
[wig; wig] n covering for the head made of real or artificial hair, worn to hide baldness, or in a lawcourt by barristers and judges, or by actors as part of a costume 假发: * She disguised herself with a blonde wig and dark glasses. 她乔装打扮戴着金色假发和墨镜. Cf 参看 toupee.

wigging
[5wigiN; 5wigiN] n (usu sing 通常作单数) (dated Brit infml 旧, 口) lengthy rebuke; scolding 痛骂; 责骂: * get/give sb a good wigging 挨一顿大骂[把某人痛骂一顿].

wiggle
[5wigl; 5wigl] v [I, Tn] (infml 口) (cause sth to) move from side to side with rapid short movements （使某物）摆动, 摇动, 扭动: * Stop wiggling and sit still! 不要摇摇晃晃的, 坐着别动! * The baby was wiggling its toes. 那幼儿扭动着脚趾. Cf 参看 wag, waggle. 派生： wiggle n (infml 口) wiggling movement 摆动; 摇动; 扭动. wiggly[5wigli; 5wigli] adj (infml 口) (a) moving with a wiggle 摆动的; 摇动的; 扭动的: * a wiggly worm 扭动的虫子. (b) not straight; wavy 弯曲的; 波状的: * a wiggly line 波浪形线.

wigwam
[5wigwAm; - -wa:m; 5wigwam] n hut or tent made by fastening mats or animal skins over a framework of poles, esp as used formerly by N American Indians （用席或兽皮等制作的）棚屋（尤指旧时北美印第安人使用的）. Cf 参看 tepee.

wilco
[5wilkEu; 5wilko] interj (used in signalling, etc to confirm that a message has been received and orders will be carried out 用作信号语, 证实信息收悉并照办).

wild
[waild; waild] adj (-er, -est) 1 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (a) (of animals, birds, etc) that normally live in natural conditions; not tame or domesticated （指动物）野生的, 野的, 未驯化的: * a wild cat, giraffe, duck 野猫、 野生的长颈鹿、 野鸭 * filming wild animals 拍摄野生动物. (b) (of plants) growing in natural conditions; not cultivated （指植物）野生的, 非栽培的: * wild flowers 野花 * wild roses, strawberrries 野生的玫瑰、 草莓. 2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of a person, tribe, etc) not civilized; savage （指人、 部落等）未开化的, 野蛮的. 3 (of scenery, an area of land, etc) not populated or cultivated; looking desolate （指风景、 地区等）无居民的, 荒凉的: * a wild mountain region 荒无人烟的山区. 4 tempestuous; stormy 暴风雨的; 暴风雪的: * a wild night 有狂风暴雨的夜晚. 5 out of control; undisciplined 失去控制的; 不守规矩的: * wild disorder 乱七八糟 * He led a wild life in his youth. 他年轻时放荡不羁. 6 full of strong unrestrained feeling; very angry, excited, passionate, etc 感情奔放的; 非常气愤、 兴奋、 热情等的: * wild laughter 哈哈大笑 * The crowd went wild with delight. 群众欣喜若狂. * It makes me wild (ie very angry) to see such cruelty. 我见到这种残酷现象怒不可遏. * She had a wild look on her face. 她怒容可掬. 7 [pred 作表语] ~ (about sth/sb) (infml 口) extremely enthusiastic (about sth/sb) （对某事物[某人]）极热心或热爱: * The children are wild about the new computer. 孩子们都特别喜欢这个新计算机. * I can't say I'm wild about her new husband. 我很难说我非常喜欢她的新婚丈夫. 8 not carefully aimed or planned; foolish or unreasonable 目标或计画不精确的; 愚蠢的; 不合理的: * a wild aim, guess, shot 胡乱的瞄准、 猜测、 射击 * a wild scheme 盲目的计画. 9 (idm 习语) beyond one's wildest `dreams far more than one could ever have imagined or hoped for 远远超出想像或希望的. run `wild (of an animal, plant, person, etc) grow or stray freely without any control （指人、 动植物等）自由生长的, 不受控制的:

wild1
* Those boys have been allowed to run wild. 那些男孩子无人管教肆无忌惮. sow one's wild oats => sow2. 派生： wild n (a) the wild [sing] natural state or habitat 自然的状态或生存环境: animals living in the wild 在自然状态下生活的动物. (b) the wilds [pl] (sometimes derog有时作贬义) remote (usu uncultivated) area where few people live 人烟稀少的边远地区（通常指未开垦的）: the wilds of Australia 澳洲的荒地 * live out in the wilds, ie far from towns, etc 住在边远地区. wildly adv (a) in a wild manner 处於野生的或失控的状态; 野蛮地; 狂暴地; 激烈地: rushing wildly from room to room 闯入各个房间 * talk wildly, ie in an exaggerated or a very emotional way 说话言过其实（或感情用事）. (b) extremely 极; 非常: a wildly exaggerated account 极为夸张的叙述. wildness n [U]. 复合： `wild card (in card-games) playing-card that has been given the value of certain other cards （纸牌戏中的）百搭牌. `wildcat adj [attrib 作定语] (esp in business and finance) reckless or risky （尤指在商业和财务上）鲁莽的, 冒险的:a wildcat scheme 冒险的计画. ,wildcat `strike sudden and unofficial strike by workers 未经工会允许的突然罢工. `wildfire n (idm 习语) spread like wildfire => spread. `wildfowl n (pl unchanged 复数不变) any of the types of bird that are shot or hunted as game, eg ducks, geese, pheasants, quail, etc （视为猎物的）野禽（如野鸭、 雁、 雉、 鹑等）. ,wild-`goose chase foolish or hopeless search, eg for sth or sb that does not exist or can only be found elsewhere 愚蠢的或毫无希望的追寻（如寻找的事物或人并不存在或在他处者）: The hoaxer had sent the police on a wild-goose chase. 那个捣蛋的人让警方白白搜索了一番. `wildlife n [U] wild animals, birds, etc 野生的鸟兽等: the conservation of wildlife 对野生生物的保护 * [attrib 作定语] a wildlife sanctuary 野生动物保护区.

wild2
the ,Wild `West the western States of the USA during the period when they were being settled by Europeans and there was much lawlessness 蛮荒的西部（欧洲人移入时的美国西部各州, 多无法无天事）: films about the Wild West 关於美国蛮荒的西部的影片.

wildebeest
[5wildibi:st; 5wildE7bist] n (pl unchanged or ~s 复数或不变或作wildebeests) = gnu.

wilderness
[5wildEnis; 5wildlnis] n (usu sing 通常作单数) 1 area of wild uncultivated land; desert 未开垦的荒地; 荒漠; 沙漠: * the Arctic wilderness 北极的荒原. 2 ~ (of sth) area where plants, esp weeds, grow in an uncontrolled way 植物（尤指杂草）丛生的地方: * The garden is turning into a wilderness. 这个园子逐渐变成杂草丛生之处. * (fig 比喻) a wilderness of old abandoned cars 旧汽车的弃置地. 3 (idm 习语) in the `wildernessno longer in an important or influential (esp political) position 不再处於重要的或有影响的地位（尤指政治上）: * After a few years in the wilderness he was reappointed to the Cabinet. 他消沉了几年之後, 又获任命进入了内阁.

wiles
[wailz; wailz] n [pl] trickery intended to deceive or attract sb （旨在欺骗或吸引人的）诡计, 花招: * All her wiles were not enough to persuade them to sell the property. 她花言巧语也未能打动他们卖掉物业.

wilful
(US also willful)[5wilfl; 5wilfEl] adj [usu attrib通常作定语] (derog 贬) 1 (of sth bad) done deliberately; intentional （指坏事）故意做的, 特意的: * wilful disobedience, negligence, murder, waste 故意的不服从、 不理会、 杀人、 浪费. 2 (of a person) determined to do as one wishes; headstrong or obstinate （指人）任性的, 倔强的, 固执的: * a wilful child 任性的孩子. > wilfully[-fEli; -fEli] adv. wilfulness n [U].

will
o'-the-wisp

will1
* I asked him if he wouldn't mind calling later. 我问他等一会儿再打电话来行不行. 3 (giving an order 用於发出命令或指示时): * * You will carry out these instructions and report back this afternoon. 你要执行这些指示并於今日下午报告执行情况. * Will you be quiet! 安静点儿!=>Usage 3 at shall 见shall所附用法第3项. 4 (a) (describing general truths 用於叙述真理时): * * Oil will float on water. 油能浮在水面上. * Engines won't run without lubricants. 没有润滑剂发动机就不能运转. (b) (describing habits in the present or past 用於叙述目前的或过去的习惯时): * * She will listen to records, alone in her room, for hours. 她独自一人在屋里听唱片, 每每一听就是半天.* He would spend hours in the bathroom or on the telephone. 他以前一进洗澡间或是一打电话, 往往就是半天. 5 (insistence on the part of the subject 用以表示施事者执意要做的事): * * He `will comb his hair at the table, even though he knows I don't like it. 他偏偏要在饭桌哪儿梳头, 还明明知道我腻味这事儿. * He `would keep telling those dreadful stories. 他专门爱讲那些讨厌的故事.

willies
[5wiliz; 5wiliz] n the willies [pl] (infml 口) uneasy or nervous feeling 不自在的或紧张的感觉: * Being alone in that gloomy house gave me the willies. 我一个人在那所阴暗的房子心里就发毛.

willing
[5wiliN; 5wiliN] adj 1 (a) ready or eager to help 愿意或乐於相助的: * willing assistants 主动帮忙的人. (b) [pred 作表语] ~ (to do sth) having no objection (to doing sth); prepared 不反对（做某事）; 愿意: * Are you willing to accept responsibility? 你愿意承担责任吗? 2 [attrib 作定语] done, given, etc readily or gladly 愿意或喜欢做的、 给的等: * willing co-operation, help, support, etc自愿的合作、 帮助、 支持等. 3 (idm 习语) God willing=> God. show willing => show2. the spirit is willing => spirit. a willing `horse person who works willingly (contrasted with sb who complains or resists) 积极工作的人（有别於常发牢骚或不满的人）: * She's the willing horse in the office and so gets given most of the work to do. 她是办公室里埋头苦干的人, 大部分的工作都交给她去做. > willingly adv. willingness n [U, sing]: * show (a) willingness to please 表现出愿意讨好别人.

willow
[5wilEu; 5wilo] n (a) (also `willow-tree) [C] any of various types of tree and shrub with thin flexible branches and long narrow leaves, usu growing near water 柳; 柳树: * a weeping willow 垂柳. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page i. (b) [U] its wood, used esp for making cricket bats 柳木（尤用以制作板球棒）. 派生： willowy adj (of a person) tall, lithe and slender （指人体）修长而柔软的, 苗条的: a willowy young actress 一个苗条的年轻女演员. 复合： `willow-pattern n [U] traditional blue and white Chinese design that includes a picture of a willow-tree and a river, used esp on china plates, etc 柳景图案（中国传统蓝白二色图案, 有小河垂柳, 尤见於瓷盘等上）: [attrib 作定语] a willow-pattern dinner service 一套柳景图案的餐具.

willy
nilly

wilt
[wilt; wilt] v (a) [I] (of a plant or flower) droop and wither （指花草）凋谢, 枯萎, 蔫: * The leaves are beginning to wilt. 这些叶子有些蔫了. * (fig 比喻) spectators wilting(ie becoming tired and weak) in the heat 因天热而发蔫的观众（又累又乏）. (b) [Tn] cause (a plant or flower) to droop （使花草）凋谢, 枯萎, 蔫: * The plants were wilted by the heat. 天气很热, 花草都蔫了.

wily
[5waili; 5waili] adj (-ier, -iest) crafty or cunning; full of wiles 狡诈的; 狡猾的; 诡计多端的: * as wily as a fox 像狐狸一样狡猾 * (infml 口) a wily old bird, ie a cunning person 大滑头. > wiliness n [U].

wimp
[wimp; wimp] n (infml derog 口, 贬) weak and timid person, esp a man 懦弱的人（尤指男的）: * Don't be such a wimp! 别那麽窝囊! 派生： wimpish adj (infml derog 口, 贬) (behaving) like a wimp （表现）懦弱的.

wimple
[5wimpl; 5wimpl] n (a) head-dress made of linen or silk folded round the head and neck, worn by women in the Middle Ages 温帕尔头巾（中世纪女子戴的）. (b) similar linen head-dress worn by certain nuns 某些修女用的头巾.

win
[win; win] v (-nn-; pt, pp won/wQn; wQn] ) 1 [I, Tn] be victorious in (a battle, contest, race, etc); do best 在（战斗、 比赛等）中赢; 获胜: * Which team won? 哪个队赢了? * She was determined to win (the race). 她决心要赢（这项径赛）. * win a bet/wager 赢一赌注. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sb) obtain or achieve sth as the result of a bet, competition, race, etc （在赌博、 竞争、 径赛等中）赢得或获得某事物: * She won first prize (in the raffle). 她获得了（慈善抽奖）头奖. * The Conservatives won the seat (ie in Parliament) from Labour at the last election. 保守党在上次议会选举中从工党手里夺得这个议席. 3 (a) [Tn] obtain or reach (sth), esp as a result of hard work or perseverance 赢得或达到（某事物）（尤指因努力或坚持）: * They are trying to win support for their proposal.他们竭力争取群众支持他们的建议. (b) [Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (for sb/sth) cause (sb) to obtain or achieve sth 使（某人）获得或取得某事物: * Her performance won her much critical acclaim. 她的表演大获评论界赞颂. 4 (idm 习语) carry/win the day => day. gain/win sb's hand => hand. gain/win one's laurels => laurel. heads I win, tails you lose => head1. lose/win by a neck => neck. nothing venture, nothing gain/win => venturev. win free free oneself from a difficult position, etc by effort （通过努力）摆脱困境. win (sth) ,hands `down (infml 口) win easily, by a large margin 轻易大胜; 垂手: * The local team won (the match) hands down. 主队以悬殊比分垂手赢得（这场比赛的）胜利. win one's `spurs (fml 文) achieve distinction or fame 获得荣誉或名声. ,win or `lose whether one succeeds or fails 无论胜负; 不管输赢; 不论成败: * Win or lose, it should be a very good match. 姑不论胜负, 这场比赛想必十分精彩. win/lose the toss => tossn. you, one, etc ,can't `win (infml 口) there is no way of achieving success or of pleasing people 无论怎样做都不能成功或都不讨好.

win1
5 (phr v) win sth/sb back regain sth/sb after a struggle 经过奋斗重新获得某事物[某人]: * The party must try to win back the support it has lost. 该党须设法重获人心. * He hoped to win her love back. 他希望努力重新获得她的爱. win sb over/round (to sth) gain sb's support or favour, esp by persuasion 获得某人的支持或好感（尤指通过劝说）: * She's against the idea, but I'm sure I can win her over. 她反对这个意见, 但我准能说服她改变主意. win out/through (infml 口) come successfully through a difficult period; achieve success eventually 摆脱困境; 终获成功: * We are faced with a lot of problems but we'll win through in the end. 我们面临许多问题, 但终将获得成功. 派生： win n victory in a game, contest, etc （游戏、 比赛等中的）胜, 赢: Our team has had five wins and no losses this season. 我队今年赛季赢五场而未输过. winner n 1 person, horse, etc that wins 获胜的人、 马等: The winner was presented with a trophy. 获胜者得到了奖品. 2 (infml 口) thing, idea, etc that is successful 成功的东西、 想法等: Their latest model is certain to be a winner. 他们最新型号的产品一定很成功. 3 (idm 习语) pick a winner => pick3. winning adj 1 [attrib 作定语] that wins or has won 胜利的; 获胜的: the winning horse, number, ticket 获胜的马、 中奖的号码、 中奖的彩票. 2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] attractive or persuasive 吸引人的; 有说服力的: a winning smile 动人的微笑 * She has a winning way with her. 她有令人折服的本领. `winning-post n post that marks the end of a race （马场上的）终点标柱: Her horse was first past the winning-post. 她的马第一个冲过终点标柱. winnings[5winiNz; 5winiNz] n [pl] money that is won, esp by betting, gambling, etc 赢得的钱（尤指打赌或赌博赢的）: * collect one's winnings 收取赢得的钱.

wince
[wins; wins] v [I, Ipr] ~ (at sth) show pain, distress or embarrassment by a slight involuntary movement, esp of the muscles in the face 表示痛苦、 沮丧或尴尬（以不由自主的轻微动作表现, 尤指面部肌肉）: * He winced as she stood on his injured foot. 她踩着他受伤的脚, 他疼得龇牙咧嘴. * I still wince at the memory of the stupid things I did. 我一想起自己做过的蠢事就不由得摇头叹气. > wince n (usu sing 通常作单数).

winceyette
[7winsi'et; 7winsi'et] n [U] soft fabric made from cotton, or from cotton and wool, used esp for making pyjamas, night-dresses, etc 色织棉法兰绒（尤用以做睡衣等）.

winch
[wintF; wintF] n machine for hoisting or pulling heavy objects by means of a rope or chain wound round a drum; windlass 卷扬机; 绞车; 辘轳. 派生： winch v [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] move (sb/sth) by using a winch 用卷扬机移动（某人[某物]）: winch a glider off the ground, ie pull it along by means of a winch until it rises into the air 用绞车把滑翔机拉起升空 * The helicopter winched the survivor up (eg out of the sea) to safety. 直升机把幸存者吊起送到安全的地方（如救援海中遇难者）.

wind
1[wind; wind] n 1 [C, U] (also the wind) (used with a or in the plural when referring to the type of wind or its direction, etc; used with much, little, etc when referring to its strength, etc 指风的种类或方向等时, 与不定冠词a连用或用复数形式; 指风的强度时与much、 little等连用) air moving as a result of natural forces 风; 气流: * A gust of wind blew my hat off. 一阵风把我的帽子刮掉了. * The day was very still, without a breath of wind. 天空十分平静, 一点风都没有. * a north wind, ie one that blows from the north 北风 * warm southerly winds 温暖的南风 * The wind has dropped (ie is less strong) now. 风势现已减弱. 2 [U] smell carried by the wind （空气传送的）气味: * The deer have got our wind. 鹿已闻到我们的气味了. 3 [U] breath, esp as needed for continuous exercise or for sounding a musical instrument呼吸（尤指运动时的或吹奏乐器时的）: * The runner had to stop and regain her wind, ie wait until she could breathe more easily. 那个女的跑着半截停下来喘大气. 4 [U] air that has been swallowed with food or drink, or gas that forms in the stomach or intestines and causes discomfort; flatulence （肠胃中的）气: * get a baby's wind up, ie cause it to belch by stroking or patting its back 让婴儿胃里的气出来（拍抚其後背使之打嗝）. 5 [U] useless or boastful talk 无用的或吹嘘的话; 空话: * He's just full of wind, the pompous fool! 他空话连篇, 是个自负的蠢材! 6 the wind [Gp, sing] (players of the) wind instruments in an orchestra （管弦乐队的）管乐器（吹奏者）: * [attrib 作定语] the wind section 管乐组. 7 (idm 习语) break `wind (euph 婉) expel air from the intestines through the anus 放屁. the eye of the wind/wind's eye => eye1. get one's second `wind feel strong again after getting very tired 极疲倦後重新感到有精力: * I often feel sleepy after supper and then I get my second wind later in the evening. 我吃完晚饭常感到困, 一到晚上就又精神了. get wind of sth hear a rumour that sth is happening; hear about sth secret 听到某事的风声; 听到秘密消息:

wind1
* Our competitors must not be allowed to get wind of our plans. 千万别让我们的竞争对手听到有关我们计画的事. get/have the `wind up (about sth) (infml 口) become/be frightened 受惊; 害怕. in the `wind about to happen 即将发生: * They sensed that there was something in the wind. 他们察觉出要有事了. it's an ill wind => ill2. like the `wind very fast 极快; 像一阵风似的: * She goes like the wind on her new bicycle. 她飞快地骑着新自行车. put the wind up sb (infml 口) cause sb to be frightened; alarm sb 使某人害怕; 惊吓某人. run/sail before the `wind (nautical 海) sail with the wind behind the ship 顺风航行. sail close/near to the wind => sail2. see which way the wind is blowing => way1. sound in wind and limb => sound1. a straw in the wind => straw. take the `wind out of sb's sails (infml 口) cause sb to lose his confidence or pride 使某人气馁或泄气: * Being beaten by a newcomer has really taken the wind out of his sails. 一个新来的人就比他强, 他觉得很窝囊. throw, etc caution to the winds=> caution. to the four winds (rhet 修辞) (blown, scattered, etc) in all directions （刮得、 撒得...）四面八方. a wind of `change influence that causes change; tendency to change 产生变化的影响或趋势: * There is a wind of change in the attitude of voters. 选民的态度有改变的趋向. 派生： windless adj without wind 无风的: a windless day 无风的一天. windward[-wEd; -wld] adj, adv on or to the side from which the wind is blowing 上风（的）; 向风（的）; 顶风（的）: * the windward side of the boat 那条船迎风的一侧. Cf 参看 lee, leeward. n [U] side or direction from which the wind is blowing 上风面; 上风方向: * sail to windward 逆风航行 * get to windward of sth, ie place oneself on the windward side of sth, eg in order to avoid a bad smell 到某物的上风处（如避免难闻的气味）.

wind2
windy adj (-ier, -iest) 1 (a) with much wind 多风的: a windy day 刮风的一天. (b) exposed to (esp strong) winds 受风吹的; （尤指）遭大风刮的: a windy hillside 迎风的山坡. 2 (dated Brit infml 旧, 口) nervous or frightened 心情紧张的; 害怕的: a bit windy about staying alone in the house 独自一人呆在这所房子里有些害怕. windily[-ili; -Eli] adv. windiness n [U]. 复合： `windbag n (infml derog 口, 贬) person who talks a lot but says nothing important 言语空洞无物的人. `wind-break n row of trees or a hedge, fence, etc that gives protection from the wind 有防风作用的树木、 篱笆等. `wind-cheater (US `wind-breaker) n close-fitting jacket designed to protect the wearer from the wind 防风的紧身甲克. `windfall n 1 fruit, esp an apple, that has been blown off a tree by the wind 风吹落的果实（尤指苹果）. 2 (fig 比喻) unexpected piece of good fortune, esp a legacy 意外的好运; （尤指）意外获得的遗产. `wind-gauge n = anemometer. `wind instrument musical instrument (eg a flute or trumpet) in which sound is produced by a current of air, esp by the player's breath 管乐器; 吹奏乐器. `windmill n 1 mill worked by the action of wind on long projecting arms (sails) that turn on a central shaft 风车. 2 (idm 习语) tilt at windmills => tilt. `windpipe n passage from the throat to the bronchial tubes, through which air reaches the lungs 气管. =>illus at respire 见respire插图. `windscreen (Brit) (US `windshield) n glass window in the front of a motor vehicle （机动车前面的）挡风玻璃窗. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xii. `windscreen wiper (Brit) (US `windshield wiper) electrically operated blade with a rubber edge that wipes a windscreen clear of rain, snow, etc （机动车挡风玻璃上的）刮水器, 风挡雨雪刷. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xii.

wind3
`windshield n (a) (US) = windscreen. (b) glass or plastic screen that provides protection from the wind, eg at the front of a motorcycle 挡风玻璃, （塑料的）挡风罩（如摩托车前面的）. `wind-sock (also `wind-sleeve) n canvas tube, open at both ends, that is flown at the top of a pole (eg on an airfield) to show the direction of the wind 风向袋（如机场上的）. `windsurfer n (propr 专利名) 1 board, similar to a surfboard, with a sail 帆板. 2 person who surfs on a windsurfer 帆板运动员. `windsurf v [I] (usu 通常作 go `windsurfing) surf on a windsurfer 做帆板运动. windsurfing n [U] sport of surfing on a windsurfer 帆板运动. `wind-swept adj (a) (of a place) exposed to strong winds （指地方）受强风吹的: a wind-swept hillside 受强风吹袭的山坡. (b) (of a person's appearance) untidy after being blown about by the wind （指人的外表）被风刮得不整洁的: wind-swept hair 被吹乱的头发.

windlass
[5windlEs; 5windlEs] n device for pulling or lifting things (eg a bucket of water from a well) by means of a rope or chain that winds round a horizontal axle; winch 绞车; 辘轳; 卷扬机.

window
[5windEu; 5windo] n 1 (a) opening in the wall or roof of a building, car, etc to let in light (and often air), usu filled with glass in a frame 窗户: * Please open the window. 请把窗户打开. * I saw them through the window.我透过窗户看见他们了. * He prefers to travel in a seat near the window. 他坐车、 船、 飞机都喜欢坐靠窗户的座位. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, pages vi, xii. (b) opening that resembles this 窗状开口: * There is a little window in the cassette case so that you can see the tape.盒式音像带上有个小窗, 能看见里面的磁带. * the window of an envelope, ie the transparent part in which an address can be read 信封上的透明窗（有的信封上的透明部分, 可露出信纸上的收信人地址）. (c) piece of glass in the frame of a window 窗玻璃: * The ball smashed a window. 那个球把一块窗玻璃打碎了. (d) space behind the window of a shop where goods are displayed for sale （商店的）橱窗: * I saw the vase in the window of an antique shop. 我在一家古玩店的橱窗里看见了那个花瓶. * [attrib 作定语] a window display 橱窗陈列. 2 (computing 计) screen of a visual display unit regarded as a means of displaying part of a drawing, etc stored in a computer; part of a drawing, etc chosen for display 视窗（视频显示器的荧屏, 用以显示储存在计算机中的部分图象等）; 显示出的部分图象等. 3 (idm 习语) fly/go out of the `window (infml 口) be no longer considered; disappear 不再被考虑; 消失: * With the failure of the peace talks all hopes of a swift end to the war have flown out of the window. 和谈失败後, 迅速结束战争的希望都已化为乌有. a window on the `world means of observing and learning about people, esp those of other countries 世界之窗（观察和了解人民, 尤指他国人民的手段）: * International news broadcasts provide a window on the world. 国际新闻广播节目给大家提供了一个了解他国人民的世界之窗.

window1
复合： `window-box n long narrow box fixed outside a window, in which plants are grown 窗口花坛（固定於窗外的长条形的栽花容器）. `window-dressing n [U] (a) art or skill of arranging goods attractively in shop windows 橱窗装饰术. (b) (usu derog 通常作贬义) presentation of facts, etc in a way that creates a good (and often false) impression 给人良好印象的展示手法（常指虚伪的）: The company's support of scientific research is just window-dressing. 这个公司支持科学研究只不过是摆样子给人看的. `window-pane n pane of glass for or in a (section of a) window 窗玻璃. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page vi. `window shade (US) = blind3. `window-shopping n [U] looking at goods displayed in shop windows (usu without intending to buy anything)浏览橱窗（通常指无意购物者）: go window-shopping 去逛大街浏览橱窗. `window-sill (also `window-ledge) n ledge at the base of a window, either inside or outside 窗台. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page vi.

windy
=> wind1.

wine
[wain; wain] n 1 [U, C] alcoholic drink made from the fermented juice of grapes 葡萄酒: * red/rose/white wine 红葡萄酒[玫瑰红葡萄酒/白葡萄酒] * dry/sweet wine 乾葡萄酒[甜葡萄酒] * a barrel/bottle/carafe/glass of wine 一桶[瓶/饮料瓶/杯]葡萄酒 * a wine from a famous vineyard 由着名葡萄园酿造的葡萄酒. 2 [U, C] alcoholic drink made from plants or fruits other than grapes （除葡萄以外的花草或水果酿造的）果酒: * apple, cowslip, parsnip wine 苹果酒、 黄花九轮草酒、 欧洲防风酒. 3 [U] dark purplish red colour similar to that of red wine 紫红色: * [attrib 作定语] a wine velvet evening dress 紫红色的立绒晚礼服. 4 (idm 习语) ,wine, ,women and `song drinking, dancing, etc and enjoying oneself 饮酒、 跳舞等作乐. 派生： wine v (idm 习语) ,wine and `dine (sb) entertain (sb) or be entertained with food and drink, esp lavishly 用酒宴招待（某人）或受到酒宴招待（尤指款待）: Our hosts wined and dined us very well. 主人设酒宴盛情款待我们. * Too much wining and dining is making him fat. 他酒宴过多而身体发胖. 复合： `wine bar place where a variety of wines is sold and drunk, sometimes with food （供应各种果酒的）酒吧, 酒馆（有时供应佐酒食物）. `wine-cellar n (a) underground room where wine is stored （储存果酒的）酒窖. (b) (also cellar) wine stored in this 藏於地窖中的果酒: He has an excellent wine-cellar. 他有窖藏佳酿. `wineglass n glass for drinking wine from （饮果酒用的）酒杯. =>illus at glass 见glass插图. `winepress n press1(2) in which grapes are crushed for making wine 葡萄压榨器（制酒用的）.

wing
[wiN; wiN] n 1 [C] (a) either of the pair of feathered limbs that a bird uses to fly （鸟的）翅膀, 翼. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page iv. (b) either of the similar projecting parts that an insect or a bat uses to fly （昆虫或蝙蝠的）翅膀, 翼. =>illus at butterfly 见butterfly插图. (c) thing that is similar to this, eg the thin projection on the seeds of maple or sycamore trees 翼状物（如槭树或西克莫树的翅果）. 2 [C] part that projects from the side of an aircraft and supports it in the air （飞行器的）翅膀, 机翼. =>illus at aircraft 见aircraft插图. 3 [C] part of a building that projects from the main part 建 物突出的侧面部分; 侧厅; 耳房: * the east/west wing of a house 一所房子的东[西]耳房 * build a new wing of a hospital 建一座与一医院一侧相连的楼房. 4 [C] (Brit) (US fender) projecting part of the bodywork of a motor vehicle above the wheel 翼子板: * The nearside wing was damaged in the collision. 汽车碰撞时左侧的翼子板撞坏了. * [attrib 作定语] a wing mirror 装在翼子板上的後视镜. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xii. 5 [C] either of the flanks of an army lined up for battle （军队作战阵势的）翼, 侧翼. 6 [C usu sing 通常作单数] part of an organization, esp a political party that holds certain views or has a particular function （组织中的）派, 翼（尤指党派中持某观点或起某作用的）: * the radical wing of the Labour Party 工党中的激进派. Cf 参看 left-wing (left2), right-wing (right5). 7 [C] (a) side part of the playing area in football, hockey, etc （足球、 曲棍球等场地的）边侧: * playing on the wing 踢边锋 * kick the ball out to the wing 把球踢到场地边侧. (b) (also winger) (in football, hockey, etc) either of the forward players whose place is at the extreme end of the forward line （足球、 曲棍球等的）边锋队员: * the team's new left wing 这个球队新的左边锋.

wing1
8 (Brit) (a) [C] (in the Royal Air Force) unit of two or more squadrons （英国皇家空军的）联队. (b) wings [pl] (in the Royal Air Force) pilot's badge （英国皇家空军的）飞行徽章: * get one's wings 获得飞行徽章. 9 the wings [pl] (in a theatre) area to the right and left of the stage that is hidden from the audience by curtains, scenery, etc 舞台上观众看不到的侧面: * She stood watching the performance from the wings. 她站在舞台上的侧面观看演出. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page ix. 10 (idm 习语) clip sb's wings => clip2. (wait, etc) in the `wings ready to do sth or to take over from sb 准备做某事或接替某人: * He retires as chairman next year; his successor is already waiting in the wings. 他明年从主席职位上退下, 继任人已做好接任准备. on the `wing (while it is) flying 在飞行中: * photograph a bird on the wing 拍摄飞着的鸟. spread one's wings => spread. take `wing fly away 飞走. under sb's/one's `wing under sb's/one's protection 在某人的[自己的]保护下: * She immediately took the new arrivals under her wing, ie looked after them. 她立刻去照看那些新来的. 派生： wing v 1 [Ipr, Ip, Tn.pr, Tn.p] travel on wings; fly 飞行: planes winging (their way) across the sky 飞过天空的飞机. 2 [Tn] (a) wound (a bird) in the wing 弄伤（鸟）的翅膀. (b) wound (sb) slightly, esp in an arm 微伤（某人）（尤指手臂）. winged adj (often forming compound adjs 常用以构成复合形容词) having wings, esp of the specified number or type 有翅膀的（尤指有某数目或某类型的）: winged insects 有翅膀的昆虫 * delta-winged aircraft 叁角翼飞机. winger n 1 (in football, hockey, etc) player who plays on the wing(7a) （足球、 曲棍球等的）边锋队员. 2 -winger (forming compound ns 用以构成复合名词) (a) person who plays on the wing 边锋队员: a ,left-/,right-`winger左[右]边锋. (b) person on the left or right wing in politics or a political party （政治上的或政党内的）左翼或右翼分子: She was active as a left-winger in the party. 她是党内积极的左翼分子.

wing2
wingless adj (esp of insects) without wings （尤指昆虫）无翼的. 复合： `wing-chair n armchair with a high back that has projecting pieces at each side 有翼单座沙发（高靠背两侧连接有向前伸出的宽边）. `wing commander officer in the Royal Air Force between the ranks of squadron leader and group captain （英国皇家空军的）空军中校. =>App 9 见附录9. `wing-nut n nut with projections so that it can be turned by a thumb and a finger on a screw or bolt 蝶形螺帽; 元宝螺母. =>illus at bolt 见bolt插图. `wing-span n distance between the end of one wing and the end of the other when the wings are fully stretched out 翼展: a bird with a two-foot wing-span 翼展为两英尺的鸟.

wingding
[5wiNdiN; 5wiN7diN] n (US infml 口) wild festive party 狂欢的聚会.

wink
[wiNk; wiNk] v 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (at sb) close one eye very briefly, esp as a private signal to sb 眨一只眼（尤指向某人使眼色）: * He winked at me to show that he was playing a joke on the others. 他向我眨了眨一只眼, 意思是他正在开别人的玩笑. 2 [I] (of a light, star, etc) shine with a light that flickers or flashes quickly on and off （指光、 星等）闪烁: * We could see the lighthouse winking in the distance. 我们看见远处灯塔一闪一闪地发光. * The car in front is winking it's going to turn right. 前面汽车指示灯闪着光--示意要向右转. 3 (idm 习语)easy as winking => easy. 4 (phr v) wink at sth (dated旧) pretend that one does not notice (bad behaviour, etc) 假装没注意到（坏的举动等）: * His wife has winked at his infidelity for years. 他多年来对妻子不忠, 妻子也只装作不知情. 派生： wink n 1 act of winking, esp as a signal 眨一只眼（尤指使眼色）: give sb a meaningful wink 向某人眨一只眼示意. 2 (idm 习语) (have/take) forty `winks short sleep, esp during the daytime 盹（尤指於白天）. a nod is as good as a wink => nod n. not get/have a `wink of sleep; not sleep a `wink not sleep at all 完全没睡觉: The neighbours were having a party and we didn't get a wink of sleep all night. 邻居举行晚会, 吵得我们一夜都没合眼. tip sb the wink => tip3. winker n (Brit) small light on a motor vehicle that flashes in order to indicate that it is going to change direction; indicator （机动车的频闪式的）指示灯.

winkle
[5wiNkl; 5wiNkl] n = periwinkle 2. 派生： winkle v (phr v) winkle sb/sth out (of sth) (infml 口) get sb/sth out (of a place) slowly and with difficulty缓慢而费力地把某人[某物]（从某处）弄出: The children were finally all winkled out of their hiding places. 最後总算把孩子从躲藏的地方都找了出来. winkle sth out (of sb) (infml 口) obtain information, etc from sb with difficulty 费力地从某人处得到信息: She's very clever at winkling secrets out of people. 她很会从别人那里探听到秘密. 复合： `winkle-picker n (usu pl 通常作复数) (dated sl 旧, 俚) shoe with a long pointed toe 尖头皮鞋: a pair of winkle-pickers 一双尖头皮鞋.

winner, winning
=> win.

winnow
[5winEu; 5wino] v (a) [Tn] blow a current of air through (grain) in order to remove (the chaff) 风选（谷物）（以除去皮壳）. (b) [Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth away/out; ~ sth from sth remove (the chaff) from grain in this way （用风选法）除去（皮壳）: * winnow the husks from the corn 用风选法除去谷物的壳 * (fig 比喻) winnow the truth from the mass of conflicting evidence 从大量相互矛盾的证据中去伪存真.

wino
[5wainEu; 5waino] n (pl ~s) (infml 口) person who is addicted to alcohol, esp to cheap wine; an alcoholic 酒鬼（尤指饮廉价果酒的）.

winsome
[5winsEm; 5winsEm] adj (fml 文) attractive and pleasant 吸引人的; 讨人喜欢的: * a winsome smile 动人的微笑 * She was a winsome creature. 她十分可爱. > winsomely adv. winsomeness n [U].

winter
[5wintE(r); 5wintl] n [U, C] 1 the last and coldest season of the year, coming between autumn and spring, ie from December to February in the Northern hemisphere 冬, 冬天, 冬季（在北半球为十二月至二月）: * Many trees lose their leaves in winter. 有许多树在冬季落叶. * The plants have survived the winter. 这些植物经过冬天没有冻死. * They worked on the building all through the winter. 他们一冬都在建这座楼. * They spend the winter(s) in a warmer climate. 他们在气候较暖的地方过冬. * She lived alone in the house for a whole winter. 她独自一人在这所房子里过了一冬. * He is going to retire next winter. 他打算到冬天就退休了. * on a dark winter's night 在冬天一个漆黑的夜晚 * [attrib 作定语] winter quarters, ie (esp formerly) place where an army spends the winter during a campaign （尤指旧时）冬季兵营.2 (idm 习语) in the dead of winter => dead n. 派生： winter v [I] (fml 文) spend the winter 过冬: It became fashionable for the rich to winter in the sun. 在阳光充足的地方过冬成了富人的时尚. * birds wintering in the south 在南方过冬的鸟. winterize, -ise[5wintEraiz; 5wintE7raiz] v [Tn] (esp US) prepare (a house, car, etc) for winter weather 为过冬收拾（房子、 汽车等）. wintry[5wintri; 5wintri] adj (-ier, -iest) of or like winter; cold, snowy, etc （似）冬天的; 寒冷的; 多雪的: * a wintry landscape 冬天的景色 * wintry light, weather 冬季的阳光、 天气 * (fig 比喻) a wintry smile, ie lacking warmth, unfriendly 冷若冰霜的微笑. wintriness n [U]. 复合： ,winter `sports sports that take place on snow or ice, eg skiing and skating 冬季运动. `winter-time n [U] period or season of winter 冬季: The days are shorter in (the) winter-time. 冬季白天较短.

wipe
[waip; waip] v 1 (a) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p, Cn.a] ~ sth (on sth); ~ sth (down/over) clean or dry sth by rubbing its surface with a cloth, piece of paper, etc 擦、 拭或揩某物: * wipe the dishes, ie dry them after they have been washed 把碟子擦乾 * wipe the table 擦桌子 * Please wipe your feet, ie remove the dirt from your shoes by wiping them on the doormat. 请把鞋在蹭鞋垫上擦一擦. * wipe one's eyes, ie to remove the tears 擦乾眼泪 * wipe one's nose, ie with a handkerchief 擦鼻子 * wipe (ie remove what has been recorded on) a magnetic tape 抹掉磁带上的内容 * wipe one's hands on a towel 用毛巾擦手 * wipe down the kitchen cupboards, ie clean them with a cloth, etc from top to bottom 把碗柜从上到下擦乾净 * wipe sth clean/dry 把某物擦乾净[乾]. (b) [Tn.pr] rub (a cloth, etc) over a surface 用（布等）擦: * wipe a damp sponge across one's face 用湿海绵擦脸. (c) [Tn.pr] put (a substance) onto a surface by rubbing 搽（某物质）: * Wipe the lotion onto your face. 你在脸上搽些护肤液. 2 [Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth from/off sth; ~ sth away/off/up clear or remove sth by wiping 擦净或擦掉某物: * wipe (away) the tears from one's eyes 擦（掉）眼泪 * wipe the writing from the blackboard 把黑板上的字擦掉 * wipe (up) the spilt milk off the floor 把 在地板上的牛奶擦乾净 * wipe a recording off (a tape) 抹掉磁带上录制的内容 * (fig infml 比喻, 口) Wipe that smile/grin/expression off your face! ie Stop smiling, etc. 别笑[咧着嘴笑/做出那种表情]! 3 (idm 习语) wipe the `floor with sb (infml 口) defeat sb decisively in an argument, a competition, etc （在辩论、 竞赛等中）把某人打得一败涂地. wipe sth off the ,face of the `earth/off the `map utterly destroy sth 彻底消除某事物. wipe the `slate clean forget past faults or offences; make a fresh start 勾销过去的错误或过失; 重新开始.

wipe1
4 (phr v) wipe sth out (a) clean the inside of (a bowl, etc) by rubbing it with a cloth 擦拭（盆、 碗等）的内部: * This vase wasn't wiped out properly before it was put away. 这个花瓶没擦乾净就收起来了. (b) remove or cancel sth 除去或取消某事物: * wipe out one's debts, ie by repaying them 还清债务 * This year's losses have wiped out (ie reduced to nothing) last year's profits. 今年亏损把去年的赢利都赔光了. (c) destroy sth completely 彻底消灭或摧毁某事物: * Whole villages were wiped out in the bombing raids. 整座整座的村庄都在轰炸中摧毁了. * The government is trying to wipe out drug trafficking. 政府竭力清除毒品买卖活动. 派生： wipe n act of wiping 擦; 拭; 揩; 抹; 搽: Please give the table mats a quick wipe. 请把桌上的盘碗垫擦一下. wiper n (a) thing that wipes or is used for wiping 擦拭用的东西. (b) = windscreen wiper (wind1).

wire
[5waiE(r); wair] n 1 (a) [C, U] (piece or length of) metal that has been formed into a thin flexible threadlike rod 金属丝; 金属线: * a (coil of) copper wire （一卷）铜丝 * barbed `wire 刺钢丝. (b) [C, U] (piece or length of) wire used to carry electric current or signals 电线; 导线: * `fuse wire 保险丝 * `telephone wires 电话线. (c) [U, sing] barrier, framework, fence, etc made from wire 金属丝制成的障碍物、 构架、 栅栏等: * The hamster had got through the wire at the front of its cage. 仓鼠从其笼子前部的栅栏处钻出去了. 2 [C] (infml 口 esp US) telegram电报: * send sb a wire 给某人发电报. 3 (idm 习语) get one's `wires crossed (infml 口) be mistaken or confused about what sb is saying or has said 误解或弄不清某人说的话: * We seem to have got our wires crossed. I thought you were coming yesterday. 我们大概误会了. 我还以为你昨天来呢. a live wire => live1. pull (the) strings/wires => pull2. 派生： wire v 1 (a) [Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ A (on) to B; ~ A and B together fasten or join one thing to another with wire 用金属丝将一物与另一物连结在一起: A handle had been wired (on) to the box. 已经用金属丝把一个把手绑在箱子上了. * The two pieces of wood were wired together. 这两块木头已用金属丝捆在一起了. (b) [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] put wire(s) in or on (sth), eg to strengthen it 在（某物）的里面或上面加上金属丝（如用以加固）: The fabric was displayed on a wired stand. 那种织物陈列在金属制的架子上. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (up); ~ sth (for sth) connect sth to a supply of electricity by means of wires 用导线将某物与电源接通: The house is not wired for electricity yet. 这所房子还没有铺设好电线. * The studio is being wired for sound. 这个播音室正在安装音响设备用的电线. * As soon as the equipment is wired up, you can use it. 这个设备一接通电源你就能用了.

wire1
3 (a) [Tn, Tf, Dn.f, Dpr.f, Dn.t, Dpr.t] (infml 口 esp US) send (sb) a message by telegram 给（某人）发电报: He wired (to) his brother to send some money. 他给他哥哥打了个电报要求寄些钱来. * She wired (us) that she would be delayed. 她给我们打来电报说她得晚到. (b) [Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth to sb (infml 口 esp US) send sth to sb by means of a telegram 用电报将某物传送给某人: wire money to sb, ie instruct a bank by telegram to give money to sb 给某人电汇. wiring/ 5waIErIN; `waIrIN/ n [U] system of wires, esp for supplying electricity to a building 电线线路、 设备或系统（尤指为建 物供电的）: The wiring is faulty and needs to be replaced. 线路上有短路需要换线. wiry[5waiEri; 5wairi] adj (-ier, -iest) (a) (of a person) lean but strong （指人）瘦而结实的. (b) tough and flexible, like wire 硬而韧的; 像金属丝的: * wiry (ie coarse and curly) hair 粗而拳曲的头发. wiriness n [U]. 复合： `wire-cutter n (esp pl 尤作复数) tool for cutting wire 切割金属丝的工具: a pair of wire-cutters 一把克丝钳子. ,wire-`haired adj (esp of a dog) having stiff or wiry hair （尤指狗）毛硬而韧的: a ,wire-haired `terrier 毛硬而韧的小狗. ,wire `netting [U] netting made by weaving wires into a mesh, used for fences, etc 金属丝网（用作篱笆等的）. `wire-tapping n [U] practice of listening to other people's telephone conversations by making a secret connection to the telephone line （用秘密接线方法）窃听电话. ,wire `wool mass of fine wires, used for cleaning and polishing, often in the form of a small pad 金属丝团（用作洗刷工具）. Cf 参看 steel wool (steel). `wire-worm n any of several types of worm-like larva that destroy plants by eating them 金针虫（叩甲的幼虫）.

wireless
[5waiElis; 5wairlis] n (dated 旧) 1 [U] radio communications 无线电: * broadcast by wireless 无线电广播. 2 [C] (a) radio receiver or transmitter 无线电接收机或发射机. (b) [C] = radio2b.

wisdom
[5wizdEm; 5wizdEm] n [U] 1 (a) experience and knowledge (shown in making decisions and judgements); quality of being wise （在做决定或判断时表现出的）经验和知识; 智慧: * She had acquired much wisdom during her long life. 她经年累月造就了很高的智慧. (b) good judgement; advisability; common sense 正确的判断; 明智; 常识: * I question the wisdom of giving the child so much money. 我怀疑给这个孩子这麽多钱是好事还是坏事. * Events were to prove the wisdom of their decision. 这些事情都可证明他们的决定是正确的. 2 (fml 文) wise thoughts, sayings, etc 有见识的想法、 说法等: * the wisdom of the ancients 古人的至理名言 * the conventional/ received wisdom, ie the generally accepted view 公认的看法. 3 (idm 习语) wit and wisdom => wit. 复合： `wisdom tooth any of the four molars at the back of the mouth that appear when one is about 20 years old 智牙.

wise
[waiz; waiz] adj (-r, -st) 1 (a) having or showing good judgement 有判断力的; 聪明的: * a wise choice, decision, precaution, friend 高明的选择、 决定、 预防方法、 朋友 * It was not very wise of you to sell the property. 你把物业卖了可不是办法. * I'm sure you're wise to wait a few days. 我知道你很聪明一定等候几天. * a wise nod of the head, ie suggesting that one is wise 聪明地点点头. (b) having knowledge 有知识的: * a wise old man 博学多识的老先生. 2 (idm 习语) be ,wise after the e`vent be able to explain sth after it has happened but without having foreseen it 事後聪明: * We don't pay our financial analysts to be wise after the event! 我们花钱请财务分析家不是让他们当事後诸葛亮! be/get wise to sth/sb (infml 口 esp US) be/become aware of sth or of sb's qualities or behaviour 了解某事物或某人的品行: * He thought he could fool me but I got wise to him. 他以为他能骗得了我, 其实我知道他是怎麽回事. no/none the/not any the `wiser knowing no more than before 还是不知道; 并不比以前明白: * Even after listening to his explanation I'm none the wiser. 我即便听了他的解释, 仍然不明白. penny wise pound foolish => penny. put sb `wise (to sth) (infml 口 esp US) inform sb about sth 把某事告诉某人. sadder but wiser => sad. (as) ,wise as an `owl very wise 非常聪明. a word to the wise => word. 派生： wise v (phr v) wise (sb) up (to sth) (infml 口 esp US) (cause sb to) become aware or informed of sth （使某人）明白或知道某事物: It's about time he wised up to the fact that people think his behaviour is ridiculous. 他早就该明白大家都认为他很荒唐. wisely adv. 复合： `wiseacre n (dated 旧) person who pretends to be wise; know-all 自作聪明的人; 万事通. `wisecrack n (infml 口) smart or clever (often unkind) saying or remark 俏皮话; （常指）风凉话. v [I] make wisecracks 说俏皮话; 说风凉话.

wise1
`wise guy (infml derog 口, 贬) person who speaks or behaves as if he knows more than other people 自以为多知多懂的人; 能耐梗.

wish
[wiF; wiF] v 1 (a) [Ipr] ~ for sth/sb have or express a desire for sth/sb (esp sth/sb that is likely to be achieved or obtained only by good fortune) 想要某事物[某人]（尤指靠运气方可得者）: * It's no use wishing for things you can't have. 想要得不到的事物是徒劳的. * His wife is everything a man could wish for. 他的妻子具有男人想要的一切优秀品质. * What more could one wish for? ie Everything is perfect. 夫复何求? （一切已尽善尽美. ） (b) [Tf, Cn.a] (with that often omitted and the that-clause usu in the past tense 与that从句连用, 但常省去that, 从句通常用过去时态) have as a desire that is unfulfilled or unlikely to be fulfilled 怀着（未实现的或不大可能实现的）愿望: * I wish you hadn't told me all this. 我倒希望你当初别把这一切都告诉我. * She wished she had (ie was sorry she had not) stayed at home. 她懊悔的是她当时要是在家就好了. * I wish I knew what was going to happen. 但愿我能知道要发生什麽事. * I wish he wouldn't go out every night. 他要不是每天晚上都出去就好了. * I wish I were rich. 我恨不得我很富有. * She began to wish the whole business finished. 她这时巴不得整个事情都结束才好. * He's dead and it's no use wishing him alive again. 他已经死了, 希望他再活过来的想法也是枉然. (c) [Tn, Tt, Cn.t] (fml 文) demand or want (sth) 要求或想要（某事物）: * I'll do it if that's what you wish. 要是您要求这样做, 我一定照办. * I wish to leave my property to my children. 我想把财产留给子女. * She wishes to be alone. 她希望别打扰她. * I wish it to be clear that the decision is final. 我希望明确一下儿, 这个决定是不可更改的. * Do you wish me to serve dinner now? 您想让我现在开饭吗? =>Usage at hope 用法见hope. 2 [Dn.n] (a) say that one hopes sb will have sth 祝愿某人有某事物: * They wished us a pleasant journey. 他们祝我们旅途愉快. * His colleagues wished him happiness on his retirement. 他的同事祝他退休後幸福安乐.

wish1
* Wish me luck! 祝我走运吧! (b) say (sth) as a greeting 说（某话语）（表示问候或用以打招呼）: * wish sb good morning, goodbye, happy birthday, welcome, etc 向某人说早上好、 再见、 生日快乐、 欢迎等. 3 [I] formulate (and express) a desire 怀着（并表达）某愿望: * Do you wish when you see a shooting star? 你看见流星时提出愿望吗? 4 (idm 习语) (just) as you `wish I am prepared to agree with you or to do what you want 随你的便: * We can meet at my house or yours, just as you wish. 我们可以在我家见面也可在你家, 随你的便. wish sb/sth `well/`ill hope that sb/sth does/does not have good fortune 希望某人[某事物]走运[倒霉]: * I wish him well in his new job. 我希望他在新的工作中万事如意. * She said she wished nobody ill. 她说她希望谁也别遭殃. 5 (phr v) wish sth away try to get rid of something by wishing it did not exist 希望某事物并不存在藉以竭力摆脱之: * These problems can't be wished away, you know. 你要知道, 这些问题并不是你希望它不存在它就不存在. wish sb/sth on sb (infml 口) pass (an unwanted or unpleasant task, visitor, etc) on to sb 把（不喜欢的任务、 来访者等）转给某人: * It's not a job I'd wish on anybody. 这项工作并不是我不喜欢而想把它推给别人. * I don't think we can wish the children on your parents while we're away. 我认为咱们不在家时不能把孩子都硬塞给你父母看管. 派生： wish n 1 (a) [C] ~ (to do sth); ~ (for sth) (expression of a) desire or longing 愿望; 希望: She expressed a wish to be alone. 她表示希望不要打搅她. * He had no wish to intrude on their privacy. 他原本就不想触犯他们私人活动的自由. * If you had three wishes what would you choose? 假设你有叁个愿望, 这叁个愿望都是什麽呢? * Her wish came true, ie She got what she wished for. 她的愿望实现了. * You have deliberately acted against my wishes. 你故意和我的想法对着干.

wish2
(b) wishes [pl] ~es (for sth) (expression of) hopes for sb's happiness or welfare 祝愿; 祝福: with best wishes, eg at the end of a letter 祝好（如信中结尾语） * We all send our best wishes (for your recovery). 我们都祝你早日康复. 2 [U] that which is wished for 希望得到的事物: You will get your wish. 你将如愿以偿. 3 (idm 习语) the ,wish is ,father to the `thought (saying fml 谚, 文) one thinks that sth is true or likely because one wants it to be so 有什麽心愿就有什麽想法. your wish is my com`mand (fml or joc 文或谑) I am ready to do whatever you ask 我唯阁下之命是从. wishful[-fl; -fEl] adj (fml 文) having or expressing a wish 怀有希望的; 表达愿望的: * wishful statements 表达愿望的言语. ,wishful `thinking belief based on wishes and not on facts 不根据事实而仅基於愿望的想法: * I think her condition is improving but it may just be wishful thinking on my part. 我认为她的情况正在改善, 但这也许是我一厢情愿的想法. 复合： `wishbone n forked bone between the neck and the breast of a fowl (often pulled apart by two people, with the one who gets the larger part being allowed to make a wish) （鸡的颈和胸之间的）叉骨（常由二人相拉, 获大端者可实现一心愿）.

wishy
washy

wisp
[wisp; wisp] n ~ (of sth) 1 (a) small separate bunch, bundle or twist (of sth) （某物的）小束, 小捆, 小绺, 小缕: * a wisp of hair/hay/straw/grass 一束头发[乾草/稻草/青草]. (b) small streak or ribbon 小的条或带: * a wisp of smoke 一缕烟. 2 small thin person 瘦小的人: * a wisp of a girl 瘦小的女孩儿. 派生： wispy adj (-ier, -iest) like a wisp or in wisps; slight or straggly 似一束的; 成捆的; 稀疏的: wispy hair, clouds 成缕的头发、 云彩 * a wispy white beard 一绺白胡子.

wistaria
(also wisteria)[wi'steEriE; wis'teriE] n [U] any of several types of climbing plant with a woody stem and long drooping clusters of pale purple or white flowers 紫藤.

wistful
[5wistfl; 5wistfEl] adj full of or expressing sad or vague longing (esp for sth that is past or unobtainable) 发愁的, 渴望的（尤指过去的或不可得的事物）: * wistful eyes 露出渴求目光的眼睛 * a wistful mood 愁苦的心情. > wistfully[-fEli; -fEli] adv: * sighing wistfully 发愁的叹息 * `If only I had known you then,’ he said wistfully. ‘要是我那时候认识你就好了,’他伤感地说. wistfulness n [U].

wit
[wit; wit] n 1 (a) [U] ability to combine words, ideas, etc so as to produce a clever type of humour 用措辞、 构想等产生巧妙幽默的能力: * have a ready wit 随时能说俏皮话的 * a journalist much admired for her wit 因机智幽默而备受敬重的女新闻工作者 * a literary style full of elegance and wit 涉笔典雅风趣的文学风格. (b) [C] person who has or is famous for this; witty person 才思敏捷言语诙谐的人; 机智幽默的人: * a well-known wit and raconteur 一个有名的妙语如珠会讲故事的人. 2 [U] (also wits [pl]) quick understanding; intelligence 悟性; 智慧; 理解力; 智力: * He hadn't the wits/wit enough to realize the danger. 他悟性差, 没有意识到存在的危险. 3 (idm 习语) at one's wits' `end not knowing what to do or say because of worry or desperation 智尽能索; 张皇失措: * I'm at my wits' end worrying about how to pay the bills. 我怎样付清这些帐, 完全没有主意. a battle of wits => battle. collect/gather one's `wits become calm again after an unexpected shock, etc so that one can think clearly 镇定下来, 恢复理智: * I needed time to gather my wits before seeing him again. 我需要先镇定一下才能再次见他. frighten/scare sb out of his `wits => frighten. have/keep one's `wits about one be/remain alert and ready to act 时刻警惕; 随机应变: * You need to keep your wits about you when you're dealing with a man like that. 同那种人打交道得随机应变. live by one's wits => live2. sharpen sb's wits => sharpen (sharp). to `wit (dated fml 旧, 文) that is to say; namely 也就是说; 即: * He will leave at the end of term, to wit 30 July. 他要在期末离开, 也就是7月30日. ,wit and `wisdom combination of quick intelligence, good judgement and learning, esp in a writer or speaker 才思（尤指作家或演说家的）. 派生： witless adj unintelligent or foolish; out of one's mind 无智慧的; 愚蠢的; 精神错乱的: scare sb witless, ie out of his wits 把某人吓得发傻.

wit1
-witted (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) having a certain type of intelligence 有某种智力的:,dim-`witted * ,quick-`witted * ,slow-`witted. witty adj (-ier, -iest) full of clever humour 诙谐的; 风趣的: a witty speaker 言语幽默的人 * witty comments 诙谐的评语. witticism[5witisizEm; 5witE7sizEm] n witty remark 诙谐的言语. wittily[-ili; -ili] adv. wittiness n [U].

witch
[witF; witF] n (a) (esp formerly) woman thought to have evil magic powers (often portrayed in fairy stories wearing a black cloak and pointed hat and flying on a broomstick); sorceress （尤指旧时）女巫（在童话中常描述成身着黑色斗篷和尖帽乘扫帚飞行者）; 女魔法师. (b) (fig 比喻) fascinating or bewitching woman 迷人的女子. (c) (derog 贬) ugly old woman; hag 丑老太婆. 派生： witchery[5witFEri; 5witFEri] n [U] (fml 文) 1 witchcraft巫术; 魔法. 2 bewitching power of beauty, eloquence, etc （美貌、 谈吐等的）迷惑力. witching adj [attrib 作定语] (dated fml 旧, 文) bewitching行使巫术的; 迷人的: the witching hour, ie midnight, the time when witches are active 午夜（女巫活跃的时刻）. 复合： `witchcraft n [U] use of magic powers, esp evil ones; sorcery 巫术; （尤指）妖术; 魔法. `witch-doctor (also medicine-man) n (esp formerly in Africa) tribal doctor with supposed magic powers （尤指旧时非洲的）巫医. `witch-hazel (also `wych-hazel) n 1 [C] type of Asian or N American tree with yellow flowers 金缕梅（亚洲或北美产乔木, 开黄花）. 2 [U] liquid obtained from the bark of this tree, used to treat bruises or sores on the skin 得自金缕树皮的汁液, 用以医治痛伤. `witch-hunt n (a) search to find and destroy people thought to be witches 搜捕女巫. (b) (fig usu derog 比喻, 通常作贬义) investigation made in order to persecute people who hold unorthodox or unpopular views 为迫害持非正统观点者而进行的调查: The crusade for sexual morality is turning into a witch-hunt. 捍卫性道德的运动正在转化成对持异议人士的迫害.

with
[wiT, wiW; wiT, wiW] prep 1 (a) in the company or presence of (sb/sth) 和（某人[某事物]）在一起: * live with one's parents 与父母住在一起 * go on holiday with a friend 和朋友一起去度假 * spend time with the children 跟孩子在一起度时光 * discuss the plans with an expert 同专家研究计画 * I've got a client with me at the moment. 我现在有个委托人. * Put the dolls away with your other toys. 把这些玩具娃娃和你的其他玩具放在一起. * If you mix blue with yellow you get green. 把蓝色和黄色混合在一起就成了绿色. * Can I wear this tie with my blue shirt? 我穿蓝衬衫能系这条领带吗? * The money is on the table with the shopping-list. 钱在桌子上跟购物单在一起呢. (b) in the care, charge or possession of (sb) 由（某人）照看、 管理或持有: * I leave the baby with my mother every day. 我每天都把婴儿交给我母亲照料. * I left a message for you with your secretary. 我给你留了个信儿交给你秘书了. * The keys are with reception. 钥匙都在接待处呢. 2 having or carrying (sth) 有或带着（某物）: * a girl with (ie who has) red hair 红头发的女孩儿 * the man with the scar 带伤疤的男子 * a person with a knowledge of European markets 熟悉欧洲市场的人 * a coat with a belt 有腰带的大衣 * a house with a swimming-pool 带游泳池的房子 * the man with a wooden leg 有一条木腿的男子 * the boy with a camera 带着照相机的男孩儿 * He looked at her with a hurt expression. 他带着受伤害的神情看着她. 3 (a) (indicating the tool or instrument used 用以表示使用的工具或器具): * cut it with a knife 用刀把它切开 * You can see it with a microscope.用显微镜就能看见. * He hit it with a hammer. 他用锤子砸. * feed the baby with a spoon 用勺喂小孩儿 * sew with cotton thread 用棉线缝 * hold the door open with a stone 用石头顶着门让它开着 * I can only move it with your help. 只有靠你帮忙我才能移动它.

with1
* It was easy to translate with a dictionary. 借助词典进行翻译就很容易. (b) (indicating the material or item used 用以表示使用的材料或物件): * fill the bowl with water 把这个盆装满水 * sprinkle the dish with salt 在这盘菜上撒点盐 * The lorry was loaded with timber. 这辆卡车上装的是木材. * The bag was stuffed with dirty clothes. 这个袋子里塞满了脏衣服. 4 (a) agreeing with or supporting (sb/sth) 与（某人[某事物]）一致; 支持（某人[某事物]）: * We've got all the nurses with us in our fight to stop closures. 我们竭力反对停业, 获得全体护士的支持. * She's going along with management on this issue. 她在这个问题上同意资方的意见. * I'm with you all the way! 我始终和你的意见一致! (b) in opposition to (sth); against (sth) 与（某事物）对立; 反对（某事物）: * fight, argue, quarrel, etc with sb 与某人打斗、 争论、 吵架等 * I had a row with Jane. 我跟简吵了一架. * in competition with our rivals 同我们的对手竞争 * play tennis with sb 同某人打网球 * at war with a neighbouring country 同邻国交战. 5 because of (sth); on account of (sth) 因为或由於（某事物）: * blush with embarrassment 因难为情而脸红 * tremble with fear 吓得发抖 * shaking with laughter 笑得浑身直颤 * Her fingers were numb with cold. 她手指冻木了. 6 (indicating the manner, circumstances or condition in which sth is done or takes place 用以表示方式、 情况、 环境或条件): * I'll do it with pleasure. 我很高兴做这件事. * I can lift 50 kilos with an effort. 我用力能举起50公斤的重量. * She performed a somersault with ease, ie easily. 她一下子就翻了一个跟头. * He acted with discretion, ie discreetly. 他做得很谨慎. * She sleeps with the light on. 她爱开着灯睡觉. * He welcomed her with open arms. 他热情地欢迎她. * Don't stand with your hands in your pockets. 站着的时候不要把手插在口袋里.

with2
* With your permission, sir, I'd like to speak. 先生, 若您允许, 我想发言. 7 in the same direction as (sth) 与（某物）方向一致: * sail with the wind 顺风驶船 * swim with the tide 顺着潮流游泳 * drift with the current 顺水飘浮 * The shadow moves with the sun. 这个影子跟着太阳移动. 8 because of and at the same rate as (sth) 随着（某事物）: * The shadows lengthened with the approach of sunset. 随着太阳下落, 影子也逐渐伸长. * Skill comes with experience. 经验越多, 技巧越熟练. * Good wine will improve with age. 佳酿越陈越醇. 9 in regard to, towards or concerning(sb/sth) 对於或关於（某人[某事物]）: * careful with the glasses 当心这些玻璃杯 * patient with your aunt 对你姑姑耐心些 * angry with my children 生我孩子的气 * pleased with the result 对结果满意 * inconsistent with an earlier statement 与前述不一致 * a problem with accommodation 关於住宿的问题 * What can he want with me? 他能要我做什麽呢? * What can one do with half a chess set? 只有半副棋有什麽办法呢? 10 in the case of (sb/sth); as regards (sb/sth) 对（某人[某事物]）来说; 至於（某人[某事物]）: * With Italians it's pronunciation that's the problem. 对意大利人来说, 发音是个问题. * It's a very busy time with us at the moment. 我们现在非常忙. 11 and also (sth); including (sth) 连...带...; 包括（某事物）: * The meal with wine came to 12 each. 那顿饭连酒每人12英镑. * With preparation and marking a teacher works 12 hours a day. 一个教师连备课带改作业每天工作12小时. * The week cost us over 500 but that was with skiing lessons. 那个星期我们花了500多英镑, 但其中包括滑雪课的学费. 12 (as) an employee or client of (an organization) （作为）（一组织）的雇员或委托人: * I hear he's with ICI now. 我听说他现在在帝国化学工业公司工作. * She acted with a repertory company for three years. 她在一个轮演剧目剧团里演出叁年.

with3
* We're with the same bank. 我们是同一个银行的客户. 13 (indicating separation from sth/sb 用以表示与某事物[某人]分离): * I could never part with this ring. 我永远戴着这个戒指. * Can we dispense with the formalities? 咱们能免去这些礼节吗? 14 considering (one fact in relation to another) 考虑到（一事与另一事的关系）: * With only two days to go we can't afford to relax. 只有两天时间了, 我们可不能松懈. * With no hope of a holiday life's very depressing. 度假无望, 日子自然过得很沉闷. * She won't be able to help us, with all her family commitments. 她帮不了我们, 她家里的事还多着呢.15 in spite of (sth); despite 尽管; 虽然: * With all her faults he still liked her. 尽管她有那麽多缺点, 可他还是喜欢她. 16 (idm 习语) be with sb (infml 口) be able to follow what sb is saying 能明白某人说的话: * I'm afraid I'm not quite with you. 很抱歉, 我不太懂您的意思. `with it (dated sl 旧, 俚) (a) knowledgeable about current fashions and ideas; alert 了解时代潮流和意识; 敏感的: * Come on get with it! 好啦--时髦点儿吧! * He's not very with it today. 他今天有点迟钝. (b) (of clothes and their wearers) fashionable （指衣物和穿着者）时髦的: * She's more with it now than she was 20 years ago. 她比20年前时髦了. with `that immediately after that 紧接着; 随即: * He muttered a few words of apology and with that he left. 他支支吾吾地道个歉就马上走了.

withdraw
[wiT'drC:, also wiW'd-; wiT'drC, wiW'd-] v (ptwithdrew[-'dru:; -'dru] , pp withdrawn[-'drC:n; -'drCn] )1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (from sth) (a) pull or take sb/sth back or away 收回、 取回、 撤回或撤走某人[某事物]: * The general refused to withdraw his troops. 那个将军拒不撤回部队. * The old coins have been withdrawn from circulation. 旧硬币已经收回不再流通了. * The workers have threatened to withdraw their labour, ie go on strike. 工人扬言要罢工. (b) remove (money) from a bank account, etc 从银行帐户等提（款）; 取（钱）: * She withdrew all her savings and left the country. 她把全部存款取出後离开了那个国家. 2 [Tn] (fml 文) take back (a promise, an offer, a statement, etc); retract 撤回或撤消（诺言、 提议、 言论等）: * Unless the contract is signed immediately, I shall withdraw my offer. 若不立即签署合同我就撤回我提出的条件. * I insist that you withdraw your offensive remarks immediately. 我要求你必须立刻收回那些过头的话. 3 [I, Ipr] ~ (from sth) go away from a place or from other people 离开或脱离某处或某些人: * He talked to us for an hour and then withdrew. 他跟我们谈了一小时的话就走了. * withdraw into oneself, ie become unresponsive or unsociable 离群索居 * The troops had to withdraw to a less exposed position. 部队已经撤到不易受攻击的地点. 派生： withdrawal[-'drC:El; -'drCEl] n 1 (a) [U] withdrawing or being withdrawn 收回; 取回; 撤回; 撤走: * the withdrawal of supplies, support, troops 撤消供应、 不再支持、 撤回部队 * the withdrawal of a product from the market 从市场上收回一种产品 * (psychology 心)She is showing signs of withdrawal (ie not wanting to communicate with other people) and depression. 她表现出孤僻与消沉的现象. (b) [C] instance of this 收回; 取回; 撤回; 撤走: * You are allowed to make two withdrawals a month from the account. 允许你每月从帐户中提取两次存款.

withdraw1
2 [U] process of ceasing to take an addictive drug, often accompanied by unpleasant reactions 戒除毒瘾的过程（常有不适反应）: * [attrib 作定语] withdrawal symptoms 戒毒过程中出现的症状. withdrawn adj (of a person) uncommunicative or unsociable （指人）不交际的, 离群索居的: He's become increasingly withdrawn since his wife's death. 他从妻子死後越来越孤僻了.

wither
[5wiTE(r); 5wiTl] v 1 [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (away); ~ (sth) (up) (cause sth to) become dry, shrivelled or dead （使某物）枯萎, 凋谢: * The flowers will wither if you don't put them in water. 这些花不放在水里就要枯死了. * (fig 比喻) Their hopes gradually withered away. 他们的希望逐渐破灭了. * limbs withered by disease and starvation 因疾病和饥饿而造成的四肢萎缩. 2 [Tn] subdue or overwhelm (sb) with scorn, etc 以鄙视等态度降服或震慑（某人）: * She withered him with a glance. 她瞟了他一眼把他镇住了. 派生： withering[5wiTEriN; 5wiTEriN] adj (of a look, remark, etc) scornful or contemptuous （指神情、 言语等）表示轻蔑的或鄙夷的: * withering sarcasm 轻蔑的讽刺. witheringly adv.

withhold
[wiT'hEuld, also wiW'h-; wiT'hold, wiW'h-] v (pt, pp withheld[-'held; -'held] ) (fml 文) (a) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sb/sth) (fml 文) refuse to give sth; keep sth back 拒绝给某事物; 保留某事物: * withhold one's consent/permission 拒不同意[准许] * withhold information 保留住信息 * The board has decided to withhold part of their grant money from certain students. 委员会决定不发给某些学生的部分助学金. (b) [Tn] hold (sth) back; restrain 抑制（某事物）; 制止: * We couldn't withhold our laughter. 我们忍不住大笑起来.

within
[wi'Tin; wiT'in] prep 1 (a) after not more than (the specified period of time) 不超过（某段时间）; 在（某段时间）之内: * She returned within an hour. 她不到一小时就回来了. * If you don't hear anything within seven days, phone again. 你要是在七天之内听不到任何消息就再打个电话. (b) ~ sth (of sth) not further than (the specified distance) (from sth) 不超过（某段距离）; 在（某段距离）之内: * a house within a mile of the station 距火车站不到一英里的一所房子 * The village has three pubs within a hundred metres (of each other). 这个村子里有叁个酒馆, （相互）距离都在一百米以内. 2 inside the range or limits of (sb/sth) 在（某人[某事物]）的范围或限度以内: * We are now within sight of (ie able to see) the shore. 我们现在的距离能看见海岸了. * There is a bell within the patient's reach, ie which the patient can reach. 在病人伸手可够得着的地方有个电铃. * He finds it hard to live within his income, ie without spending more than he earns. 他觉得有些入不敷出. * I'd prefer you to keep this information within the family, ie known only by members of the family. 我希望你只让家人知道这件事. * within the limits of my modest talents 管窥所及. 3 (fml 文) inside (sth) 在（某事物）之内: * within the medieval walls of the city 在该城中世纪建造的城墙以内 * Interview everyone living within the area shown on the map. 面见地图所示区内居住的每一个人. 派生： within adv (fml 文) inside 在内部; 到内部: Shop assistant required. Apply within. 招聘店员. 请进面洽.

without
[wi'Taut; wiT'aut] prep 1 not having, experiencing or showing (sth) 无、 未经历或未显出（某事物）: * two days without food 两天没吃东西 * three nights without sleep 叁夜没睡觉 * You can't leave the country without a passport. 没有护照就不能离开这个国家. * The letter had been posted without a stamp. 那封信没贴邮票就寄出去了. * I've come out without any money. 我没带钱就出来了. * a bedroom without a private bath 无私用浴室的卧室 * a skirt without pockets 没有口袋的裙子 * He acted without thought for himself. 他那样做的时候并没考虑到自己. * She spoke without enthusiasm. 她讲话时无精打采. 2 in the absence of (sb/sth); not accompanied by (sb/sth) 在无（某人[某事物]）的情况下; 无（某人[某事物]）相伴: * He said he couldn't live without her. 他说他没有她就活不了. * I feel very lonely without my dog.我的狗不在旁边我就很寂寞. * We can't reach a decision without our chairman. 主席不在场, 我们无法做出决定. * Don't leave without me. 别甩下我就走. * They were received without ceremony, ie informally. 他们受到不拘礼节的欢迎. 3 not using (sth) 不使用（某事物）: * How did you open the bottle without a bottle-opener? 你不用开瓶器是怎麽把瓶子打开的? * She can't see to read without her glasses. 她不戴眼镜就看不见字. 4 (used with the -ing form to mean `not' 与-ing形式连用, 表示‘不、 无、 没’等): * Try and do it without making any mistakes. 尽量不要出错. * The party was organized without her knowing anything about it. 这个聚会已然筹办, 她却一无所知. * He walked past me without speaking. 他从我身旁走过, 一句话也没说. * I've often cheated in exams without being caught. 我经常考试作弊, 从来没让人抓住过. * She entered the room without knocking. 她没敲门就进了房间. 5 (arch 古) outside (sth) 在（某物）之外: * without the city walls 在城墙之外.

without1
6 (idm 习语) without so much as => so1. 派生： without adv part not having or showing sth 没有或不显示某事物: We'll have one room with a bathroom and one room without. 我们要有一间带浴室的屋子, 还要有一间不带浴室的. * If there's no sugar we'll have to manage without. 要是没有糖, 我们也只好不用糖就凑合了.

withstand
[wiT'stAnd, also wiW's-; wiT'stAnd, wiW's-] v (pt, pp withstood[-'stud; -'stud] ) [Tn] (often fml 常作文雅语) endure (sth) without giving in, collapsing, wearing out, etc; resist 承受住（某事物）; 抵住: * withstand attacks, pressure, wind 禁得住攻击、 压力、 风吹 * shoes that will withstand hard wear 耐穿的鞋.

withy
[5wiTi; 5wiTi] n tough branch, esp of willow, that bends easily and is used for tying bundles 坚韧的枝条, （尤指）柳条（作捆绑用的）.

witless
=> wit.

witness
[5witnis; 5witnis] n 1 [C] (a) (also `eye-witness) person who sees an event take place (and is therefore able to describe it to others) 目击者: * witnesses (at the scene) of the accident 事故（现场）的目击者 * I was a witness to their quarrel. 我是他们吵架时的目击者. (b) person who gives evidence in a lawcourt after swearing to tell the truth （在法庭上经宣誓的）证人: * a defence/prosecution witness 被告的[原告的]证人 * a witness for the defence/prosecution 被告的[原告的]证人 * The witness was cross-examined by the defending counsel. 证人受到辩护律师的诘问. (c) person who is present at an event, esp the signing of a document, in order to testify to the fact that it took place 见证人（尤指见证签署文件的）: * Will you act as witness to the agreement between us? 您作我们协议签署时的见证人行吗? 2 [U, C usu sing 作不可数名词或可数名词, 後者通常作单数] (fml 文) what is said about an event, etc, esp in a lawcourt; (thing that serves as) testimony or evidence 证词（尤指法庭中的）; 证明; 证据: * give witness on behalf of an accused person 为被告作证 * His ragged clothes were (a) witness to his poverty. 他的破烂衣物可以证明他很贫穷. 3 (idm 习语) bear witness => bear2. 派生： witness v 1 [Tn] be present at (sth) and see it 当场见到（某事物）; 目击: witness an accident, a murder, a quarrel 目击一事故、 谋杀事件、 一场争吵 * We were witnessing the most important scientific development of the century. 我们亲眼见到本世纪最重要的科学进展. * (fml 文) Weather forecasters are not always right: witness (ie look at the example of) their recent mistakes. 天气预报并非一贯正确--就看看他们最近的预报错误吧.2 [Tn] be a witness to the signing of (a document), esp by also signing the document oneself 为别人签署（文件）时作证（尤指自己也同时签字者）: witness the signing of a contract 在一份合同签署时作证

witness1
* witness a signature, treaty, will 为一签字、 条约、 遗嘱签字作证.3 [Ipr] ~ to sth (law or fml 律或文) give evidence about sth in a lawcourt, etc （在法庭等上）作证: witness (ie testify) to the truth of a statement 证明某言语属实. 复合： `witness-box (Brit) (US `witness-stand) n enclosure in a lawcourt in which a witness stands when giving evidence 证人席.

witter
[5witE(r); 5witl] v [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (on) (about sth)(infml usu derog 口, 通常作贬义) speak in a lengthy and annoying way about sth unimportant 唠叨而讨厌地说琐碎的事: * What are you wittering (on) about? 你唠叨什麽呢?

witticism
=> wit.

wittingly
[5witiNli; 5witiNli] adv (esp in negative sentences尤用於否定句中) knowing what one does; intentionally 明知; 有意地: * I would never wittingly offend him. 我决不会故意得罪他.

witty
=> wit.

wizard
[5wizEd; 5wizld] n 1 male witch (esp in fairy stories); magician 男巫（尤指童话中的）; 魔术师. 2 person with extraordinary abilities; genius 有非凡才能的人; 天才: * a financial wizard, ie sb who is able to make money amazingly easily 财务奇才 * She's a wizard with computers. 她是计算机天才. 派生： wizardry[-dri; -dri] n [U] (a) practice of magic 魔术. (b) extraordinary ability 非凡的才能: * financial wizardry财务上非凡的才能.

wizened
[5wiznd; 5wiznd] adj having a dried-up wrinkled skin; shrivelled 皮肤乾而皱的; 缩小的: * a wizened old woman 皮肤乾而皱的老太婆 * a face wizened with age 因年老皮肤发皱的脸 * wizened apples 乾瘪的苹果.

wk
abbr 缩写 = 1 (pl wks) week. 2 work.

WO
[7dQblju: 'Eu; 7dQblju 'o] abbr 缩写 = Warrant Officer 准尉.

woad
[wEud; wod] n [U] (a) blue dye formerly obtained from a plant of the mustard family 菘蓝（旧时取自菘蓝植物的染料）. (b) this plant 菘蓝（植物）.

wobble
[5wCbl; 5wabl] v [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (about/around) (cause sth to) move from side to side unsteadily （使某物）摆动, 摇动, 震颤: * This table wobbles. 这张桌子不稳. * I was so terrified my legs were wobbling. 我吓得腿直打颤. * wobbling along the pavement in high-heeled boots 穿着高跟靴子在人行道上一摇一摆地走着 * (fig 比喻) Her voice sometimes wobbles (ie quivers, wavers) on high notes. 她唱高音时有时发颤. * Please don't wobble the desk (about) when I'm trying to write. 我写字时请不要摇晃桌子. 派生： wobble n (usu sing 通常作单数) wobbling movement摆动; 摇动; 震颤. wobbly[5wCbli; 5wabli] adj (infml 口) tending to move unsteadily from side to side 摆动的; 摇动的; 震颤的: * a wobbly tooth 摇晃的牙 * a wobbly line, ie not drawn straight 弯曲的线 * wobbly jelly 颤动的果冻 * (fig 比喻) He is still a bit wobbly (on his legs) after his illness. 他病後（腿）仍有点儿发颤. wobbliness n [U].

wodge
[wCdV; wadV] n ~ (of sth) (Brit infml 口) large piece or amount 大的块或量: * a thick wodge of cake 一大块蛋糕 * wodges of old newspapers 大堆的旧报纸.

woe
[wEu; wo] n (dated or fml or joc 旧或文或谑) 1 [U] great sorrow or distress 悲哀; 悲痛; 苦恼: * a cry of woe 悲鸣 * She needed someone to listen to her tale of woe, ie the story of her misfortune. 她需要有人听她述说悲惨的遭遇. 2 woes [pl] things that cause sorrow or distress; troubles or misfortunes 引起悲哀或苦恼的事物; 麻烦事; 不幸的事: * She told him all her woes. 她把自己的不幸遭遇都告诉他了. 3 (idm 习语) woe be`tide sb (fml or joc 文或谑) there will be trouble for sb 某人要倒霉: * Woe betide anyone who arrives late! 谁迟到谁倒霉! ,woe is `me! interj (arch or joc 古或谑) how unhappy I am 我真不痛快!

woebegone
[5wEubigCn; - -gC:n; 5wobi7gCn] adj (fml 文) looking unhappy 显出悲伤的; 忧愁的; 愁眉苦脸的: * a woebegone child, expression, face 悲哀的孩子、 表情、 面孔.

woeful
[5wEufl; 5wofEl] adj (fml 文) 1 full of woe; sad 悲哀的; 伤心的: * a woeful cry, look, sight 悲惨的哭声、 神情、 情景. 2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] undesirable or regrettable; very bad 不合意的; 令人惋惜的; 糟糕的: * woeful ignorance 可悲的无知. > woefully adv[-fEli;-fEli] : * The preparations were woefully inadequate. 准备工作未免太不够了.

wok
[wCk; wak] n large pan shaped like a bowl, used for cooking (esp) Chinese food 锅（尤指中国式的）. =>illus at pan 见pan插图.

woke
pt of wake1.

woken
pp of wake1.

wolf
[wulf; wulf] n (pl wolves/wulvz; wulvz] ) 1 fierce wild animal of the dog family, usu hunting in packs 狼. 2 (idm 习语) cry wolf => cry1. keep the `wolf from the door have enough money to avoid hunger and need 有维持温饱的钱: * Their wages are barely enough to keep the wolf from the door. 他们的工资勉强够维持生活的. a lone wolf => lone. a wolf in `sheep's clothing person who appears friendly or harmless but is really an enemy 披着羊皮的狼. throw sb to the `wolves leave sb to be roughly treated or criticized without trying to help or defend him 任凭某人遭受粗暴对待或批评而不予协助或辩解. 派生： wolf v [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (down) (infml 口) eat sth quickly and greedily 快而贪婪地吃某物; 狼吞虎 : I thought there would be some biscuits left but they've wolfed the lot! 我还以为能剩下些饼乾, 但是他们都给吃光了. * Don't wolf down your food. 吃东西不要狼吞虎 . wolfish adj of or like a wolf （似）狼的: a wolfish appetite, grin 如狼似虎的食欲、 狞笑. 复合： `wolf-cub n young wolf 幼狼. `wolfhound n any of several types of very large dog originally bred for hunting wolves 猎狼犬: an Irish wolfhound 爱尔兰猎狼犬. `wolf-whistle n whistling sound made by a man to show that he finds a woman sexually attractive （男子见到动人女子时吹的）口哨声. v [I, Ipr] ~ (at sb) make this sound 发出此种口哨声.

wolfram
[5wulfrEm; 5wulfrEm] n [U] (a) = tungsten. (b) tungsten ore 钨矿石.

woman
[5wumEn; 5wumEn] n (pl women[5wimin; 5wimin] )1 [C] (a) adult female human being 成年女子: * men, women and children 男子、 女子和孩子 * a single (ie unmarried) woman 单身女子（未婚的） * It's more than a woman (ie any woman) can tolerate. 任何女子都忍受不了这种情况. * [attrib 作定语] (preferred to lady which is also used 较lady为宜, 但亦可用lady) a ,woman `driver 女司机 * ,women `drivers 女司机们 * I'd prefer a woman doctor to examine me. 我希望由女医生给我检查. * a `woman friend 女的朋友 * a `French woman 法国女子. (b) (as an offensive form of address 用作无礼的称呼): * Shut up, woman! 住嘴, 你这个娘儿们! 2 [sing](without a or the 不用冠词a或the) female human beings in general; the female sex 女的人; 女性: * Woman has been portrayed by artists in many ways. 艺术家用各种形式塑造了女性的形象. 3 the woman [sing] the feminine side of a woman's character 女性的特点: * Newborn babies bring out the woman in her. 新生的婴儿唤起了她女性的特性. 4 (idm 习语) be twice the man/woman => twice. make an honest woman of sb => honest. a man/woman of parts => part1. a man/woman of his/her word => word. a man/woman of the world => world. wine, women and song => wine. a woman of easy `virtue (euph 婉) prostitute 妓女. 派生： -woman (with ns forming compound ns 与名词结合构成复合名词) woman concerned with 与某事物有关的女子: `chairwoman * `horsewoman * `sportswoman. Cf 参看 -man (man1). `womanhood [U] state of being a woman 成年女子的身分或状态: grow to/reach womanhood 长成[成为]成年女子. womanish adj (derog 贬) (of a man) like a woman; suitable for women but not for men （指男子）像女子的, 适合女子的（不适合男子的）: He has a rather womanish manner. woman1 /// womanly adj (approv 褒) like a woman; feminine 像女子的; 女性的: a womanly figure 像女子的外形 * womanly qualities, virtues 女性的特性、 美德. womanliness n [U]. 复合： `womankind n [U] (fml 文) female human beings in general 女的人; 女性: the sufferings of womankind 女性的苦难. ,Women's Libe`ration (also infml 口语作 ,Women's `Lib/lib; lib] ) freedom of women to enjoy the same social and economic rights as men 妇女解放. ,Women's`Libber (infml 口) person who campaigns for this ideal; feminist 鼓吹妇女解放的人. the `women's movement social and political movement that aims to achieve Women's Liberation by legislation and by changing people's attitudes 妇女解放运动.

womb
[wu:m; wum] n (anatomy 解) (in women and other female mammals) organ in which offspring is carried and nourished while it develops before birth; uterus 子宫. =>illus at female 见female插图.

wombat
[5wCmbAt; 5wambAt] n Australian wild animal similar to a small bear, the female of which carries its young in a pouch 毛鼻袋熊（澳洲产）.

womenfolk
[5wiminfEuk; 5wimin7fok] n [pl] women, esp the women of a particular group, family, tribe, etc 女子们（尤指某集体、 家族、 部落等的）: * The dead soldiers were mourned by their womenfolk. 士兵死亡後, 女眷表示沉痛哀悼. Cf 参看 menfolk.

won
pt, pp of win.

won't
[wEunt; wont] contracted form of will not (will1) will not的缩约式（参看will1.

wonder
[5wQndE(r); 5wQndl] n 1 (a) [U] feeling of surprise mixed with admiration, bewilderment or disbelief惊奇; 惊叹; 惊愕; 惊异: * The children watched the conjuror in silent wonder. 孩子都一声不响惊奇地看着魔术师. * They were filled with wonder at the sight. 他们见此情景惊叹不已. (b) [C] thing or event that causes this feeling 令人感到惊奇的事物: * the wonders of modern medicine 现代医学的奇迹 * the seven wonders of the world 世界七大奇观 * [attrib 作定语] a wonder drug, ie one that has extremely good, almost miraculous, effects 特效药. 2 (idm 习语) a chinless wonder => chinless (chin). do/work miracles/wonders (for sth) => miracle. it's a wonder (that)... it's surprising or puzzling (that)... 令人惊奇的是...; 莫名其妙的是...: * It's a wonder (that) he continues to gamble when he always loses! 令人惊讶的是他一直输还一直赌! a nine days' wonder => day. no/little/small `wonder (that...) it is not/hardly surprising 这并不[不太]出奇: * No wonder you were late! 难怪你来晚了! * Small wonder (that) he was so tired! 难怪他这麽累! ,wonders will ,never `cease (saying esp ironic 谚, 尤作反语) (expressing surprise and pleasure at sth, often sth trivial 用以对某事物表示惊喜,常指小事): * `I've washed the car for you.’ `Wonders will never cease!’ ‘我替你把汽车擦洗了.’‘真是无奇不有!’ 派生： wonder v 1 [I, Ipr, It, Tf] ~ (at sth) (fml 文) feel great surprise, admiration, etc; marvel 感到惊奇; 惊叹; 惊讶: He could do nothing but stand and wonder. 他只得惊奇地站着不动. * We wondered at the speed with which it arrived. 我们赞叹其到达速度之快. * I wonder (ie am amazed) (at the fact) that you weren't killed. 你竟未遇难, 令人称奇. * I wondered (ie was surprised) to hear her voice in the next room. 我听到隔壁传出她的声音, 十分惊讶. 2 (a) [I, Ipr] ~ (about sth) feel curious (about sth); ask oneself questions （对某事物）感到好奇; 自问; 自忖: There has been no news for a week and he is beginning to wonder. 已经一个星期没有消息了, 他渐渐觉得有些奇怪.

wonder1
* I was just wondering about that myself. 我就是觉得这件事莫名其妙. (b) [Tw] ask oneself 自问; 自忖: I wonder who he is. 我不知道他究竟是谁. * I wonder whether they will arrive on time. 我也不知道他们能不能准时到. * wondered what time it was, where to go, how long it would last, why he had left. 那时闹不清几点钟了、 应该到哪儿去、 那件事还要持续多久、 他为什麽走了. (c) [Tw] (used as a polite way of introducing a request 用以提出要求, 为礼貌表达方式): I wonder if/whether you could... 请问您是否可以.... 3 (idm 习语) I ,shouldn't `wonder (infml 口) I should not be surprised (to discover) 我觉得不足为奇: It's paid for with stolen money, I shouldn't wonder. 那是用偷来的钱支付的, 我觉得这并不奇怪. wonderful[-fl; -fEl] adj (a) causing wonder; very surprising 令人惊奇的; 意想不到的: * It's wonderful that they managed to escape. 令人惊奇的是他们居然设法逃跑了. * The child's skill is wonderful for his age. 这个孩子小小年纪, 技巧令人称奇. (b) very good or admirable 极好的; 奇妙的; 了不起的: * The weather is wonderful. 天气好极了. * She is a wonderful mother. 她是个了不起的母亲. * a wonderful opportunity 绝妙的机会. wonderfully[-fElI; -fElI/ adv (a) surprisingly 令人惊奇地: * She is wonderfully active for her age. 她年纪那麽大活跃得不得了. (b) extremely; admirably 极度地; 赞叹地: * Their life together has been wonderfully happy. 他们在一起的生活极为幸福. wonderingly[5wQndriNli; 5wQndriNli] adv: * `Where did this come from?’ she said wonderingly. ‘这是从哪儿来的?’她吃惊地问. wonderment n [U] pleasant amazement 惊喜: She gasped in wonderment at her good luck. 她运气这样好, 惊奇地倒抽了一口凉气. wondrous[5wQndrEs; 5wQndrEs] adj (arch or fml 古或文) wonderful 令人惊奇的; 意想不到的; 极好的; 奇妙的; 了不起的: * a wondrous sight 奇妙的情景. wondrouslyadv.

wonder2
复合： `wonderland[-lAnd; -7lAnd] n (usu sing 通常作单数) land or place full of marvels or wonderful things 有许多奇妙事物的地方.

wonky
[5wCNki; 5waNki] adj (-ier, -iest) (Brit infml 口) unsteady or weak; wobbly 不稳的; 弱的; 摆动的; 摇动的; 震颤的: * a wonky chair 摇摇晃晃的椅子 * She still feels a bit wonky after her accident. 她出了事故以後仍然觉得有些虚弱.

wont
[wEunt; - wC:nt; wCnt] adj [pred 作表语] ~ to do sth (dated or rhet 旧或修辞) in the habit of doing sth; accustomed to doing sth 惯於或已适应於做某事物: * He was wont to give lengthy speeches. 他惯於做长篇大论的演说. 派生： wont n [sing] (fml or rhet 文或修辞) custom; habit 习俗; 习惯: She went for a walk after breakfast, as was her wont. 她早饭後要散散步已成了习惯.

woo
[wu:; wu] v (pt, pp wooed) [Tn] 1 (a) try to obtain the support of (sb) 寻求（某人）的支持: * woo the voters 拉选票. (b) try to achieve or obtain (sth) 想要成就或获得（某事物）: * woo fame, fortune, success, etc 想要获得名声、 财富、 成功等. 2 (dated 旧) try to persuade (a woman) to marry one; court 向（女子）求婚; 求爱.

wood
[wud; wud] n 1 (a) [U] hard fibrous substance in the trunk and branches of a tree, enclosed by the bark 木; 木材; 木头: * There are many kinds of wood growing in this forest. 这片森林出产各种木材. (b) this substance, cut and used as building material, fuel, etc 木料; 木柴: * Tables are usually made of wood. 桌子多为木制的. *Put some more wood on the fire. 再往火里添点儿柴. * [attrib 作定语] a wood floor, ie made of wood 木制地板. (c) [C] particular type of this 某种木材: * Pine is a soft wood and teak is a hard wood. 松木是软木, 柚木是硬木. * Oak is a good type of wood for making furniture. 橡木是制作家具的好材料. 2 [C often pl 常作复数] area of land (not as large as a forest) covered with growing trees 树林（不如forest大）: * a house in the middle of a wood 树林中间的一所房子 * go for a walk in the wood(s)到林中去散步. 3 [C] (sport 体) = bowl 2. 4 [C] golf-club with a wooden head 顶部为木制的高尔夫球棒. Cf 参看 iron1 4. 5 (idm 习语) dead wood => dead. from the `wood from the cask or wooden barrel 从木桶里: * beer from the wood 从木桶里取出的啤酒. neck of the woods => neck. not see the ,wood for the `trees not see or understand the main point, subject, etc because one is paying too much attention to details 见树不见林: * If you add too many notes to the text, the reader won't be able to see the wood for the trees. 要是给正文加注过多, 读者就觉得喧宾夺主了. ,out of the `wood(s) (infml 口) (usu with a negative 通常与否定词连用) free from trouble or difficulties 没有麻烦或困难: * She's regained consciousness, but she's not out of the woods (ie sure to recover) yet. 她已恢复了知觉, 但尚未脱险. touch wood => touch1. 派生： wooded adj (of land) covered with growing trees （指地）长满树木的: a wooded valley 树木茂盛的山谷. wood1 /// adj 1 [esp attrib 尤作定语] made of wood 木制的: * wooden furniture, houses, toys 木制的家具、 房子、 玩具. 2 stiff and awkward (in one's manner) （举止）僵硬而笨拙的: * She has a rather wooden manner. 她举止僵硬而笨拙. * a wooden smile, performance呆板的笑容、 表演. woodenly adv stiffly and awkwardly僵硬而笨拙地. woodenness n [U]. ,wooden `spoon= booby prize -lEnd; -7lEnd] n [U] land covered with trees; woods 林地; 树林: * [attrib 作定语] woodland scenery 林景. `wood lot (US) area, eg on a farm, kept for growing trees 林用地（尤指农场中的）. `wood-louse n (pl -lice) small wingless insect-like creature that lives in decaying wood, damp soil, etc 潮虫.

wood2
`woodman[-mEn; -mEn] (also esp US `woodsman[-zmEn; -zmEn/) n (pl -men) forester; woodcutter 护林人; 在林区居住及工作的人; 伐木工. `woodpecker n bird that clings to the bark of trees and taps with its beak to find insects 啄木鸟. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page iv. `wood-pigeon n type of large wild pigeon 斑尾林鸽. `wood-pulp n [U] wood shredded and used for making paper 木浆（造纸用的）. `wood-shed n shed where wood is stored (esp for fuel) 木料间; （尤指）柴间. `woodwind[-wind; -7wind] n [Gp] (players of the) wind instruments of an orchestra, which are (or were formerly) made of wood 木管乐器（的吹奏者）: * [attrib作定语] a woodwind instrument 木管乐器 * the woodwind section 木管乐器组. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page x. `woodwork n [U] 1 things made of wood, esp the wooden parts of a building, eg doors, stairs, etc 木制品, （尤指建 物的）木结构部分（如门、 楼梯等）: The woodwork is painted white. 这件木制品已漆成白的了.2 skill or practice of making things from wood; carpentry木工工艺; 木作. `woodworm n (a) [C] type of larva that bores through wood and eats it 蛀木虫. (b) [U] holes caused by this 蛀木虫钻的孔洞: This ladder is riddled with woodworm. 这个梯子已经让蛀虫蛀了很多洞.

woof
1[wu:f; wuf] n = weft.

woofer
[5wufE(r); 5wufl] n loudspeaker designed to reproduce low notes accurately 低音扬声器; 低音喇叭. Cf 参看 tweeter.

wool
[wul; wul] n 1 (a) [U] fine soft hair that forms the coats of sheep, goats and some other animals (eg the llama and alpaca) 羊毛; 其他动物的毛（如亚美利加驼和羊驼的毛）: * These goats are specially bred for their wool. 这些山羊是专为剪取羊毛而饲养的. (b) [U] yarn, cloth, clothing, etc made from this 毛线; 毛料; 毛料衣物: * a ball of knitting wool 一团毛线 * a (type of) fine/heavy wool （一种）细毛[重脂含杂毛] * [attrib 作定语] the `wool trade 羊毛业 * a wool (ie woollen) coat, blanket, etc 毛料大衣、 毛毯. 2 [U] substance that looks and feels like sheep's wool 似羊毛的物质: * cotton wool 原棉 * wire wool 金属丝团. 3 (idm 习语) pull the wool over sb's eyes => pull2. 派生： woollen (US woolen)[5wulEn; 5wulEn] adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] (a) made wholly or partly of wool 毛纺的; 纯毛的; （含毛）混纺的: * woollen cloth, blankets, socks, etc 毛料、 毛毯、 毛袜. (b) of woollen fabrics 毛织物的: * woollen manufacturers, merchants, etc 毛织物制造商、 毛织物商人. woollens (US woolens) n [pl] (esp knitted) woollen garments （尤指针织的）毛织服装: * a special wash programme for woollens 专为洗涤针织毛料衣物的程序. woolly (US also wooly)[5wuli; 5wuli] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 (a) covered with wool or wool-like hair 长着或覆有羊毛或羊毛状的毛（发）的: * woolly sheep 毛绒绒的绵羊 * the dog's woolly coat 狗的羊毛状的毛. (b) like or made of wool; woollen 似羊毛的; 羊毛制的; 毛纺的: * a woolly cotton fabric 棉毛织物 * a woolly hat 羊毛制的帽子.2 (also ,woolly-`headed) (of a person or his mind, arguments, ideas, etc) not thinking clearly; not clearly expressed or thought out （指人、 人的头脑、 论点、 思想等）糊涂的, 表达不清楚的, 思路混乱的. n (infml 口) woollen garment, esp a sweater 毛料服装; （尤指）套头毛衣: * wear one's winter woollies 穿着冬季用的毛衣. woolliness n [U].

wool1
复合： `wool-gathering n [U] (infml 口) absent-mindedness心不在焉.

woozy
[5wu:zi; 5wuzi] adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) (a) feeling dizzy or sick, eg as a result of drinking too much alcohol 眩晕的, 恶心的（如因喝酒过量所致）. (b) mentally confused; dazed 糊涂的; 头昏眼花的.

wop
[wCp; wap] n ( sl offensive 讳, 俚, 蔑) person from southern Europe, esp an Italian 南欧人; （尤指）意大利人.

word
[wE:d; wEd] n 1 [C] (a) sound or combination of sounds that expresses a meaning and forms an independent unit of the grammar or vocabulary of a language （用声音表达的）词: * The story is told in words and pictures. 讲这个故事的时候配有图片. * The Latin word for `table' is `mensa'. ‘table（桌子）’这个词在拉丁语里叫‘mensa’. * He couldn't put his feelings into words, ie express them verbally. 他无法把自己的感情用言语说清楚. * I have no words to (ie cannot adequately) express my gratitude. 我说的话不足以表达我的感激之情. (b) this represented as letters or symbols, usu with a space on either side （用书面形式表达的）词: * That word is not spelled correctly. 那个词拼得不正确. * The words in the dictionary are arranged in alphabetical order. 词典中的词是按字母顺序排列的. 2 (a) [C] anything said; remark or statement （说的）话; 话语; 言语: * He didn't say a word about it. 他对这件事一句话都没说. * I don't believe a word of his story. 他说的这件事我一句话都不相信. * a word/a few words of advice, sympathy, warning 一些劝告、 同情、 警告的话. (b) words [pl] things that are said, contrasted with things that are done 说的话（与做的事相对）: * You must show your support by deeds, not words. 你必须用行动支持, 不能空口说白话. 3 [sing] (a) (without a or the 不用冠词a或the) piece of news; message 消息; 信息: * Please send (me)[leave word of your safe arrival/that you have arrived safely. 请您把平安到达的消息告诉我. * Word came that I was needed at home. 有信儿来说家里需要我. (b) the word rumour 谣言; 传闻: * The word is that he's left the country. 据说他已经离开这个国家了. 4 (usu 通常作 the word) [sing] spoken command or signal 口令; 号令: * Stay hidden until I give the word. 我不下令就藏着别动. * Their word is law, ie their commands must be obeyed. 他们的命令必须服从.

word1
5 the Word [sing] (also the ,word of `God) (Bible 圣经) the Scriptures, esp the Gospels 《圣经》; （尤指）福音: * preach the Word 传福音 * Hear the Word of God. 听宣讲《圣经》. 6 (idm 习语) actions speak louder than words => action. at the ,word of com`mand when the (military) order is given 发（军）令时. bandy words => bandy1. be as ,good as one's `word do what one has promised to do 守信: * You'll find that she's as good as her word. 你能了解到她这个人很讲信用. be better than one's word => better1. be not the `word for sth/sb (infml 口) be an inadequate description of sth/sb 不足以形容某事物[某人]: * Unkind isn't the word for it! He treats the animals appallingly! 岂止是‘不好’! 他对待动物是太不成话了! breathe a word => breathe. by ,word of `mouth in spoken, not written, words 口头上（的）: * He received the news by word of mouth. 他得到的是口头的消息. a dirty word => dirty1. eat one's words => eat. exchange words => exchange2. famous last words => famous. fighting talk/words => fight1. (right) from the word `go (infml 口) right from the start 从一开始: * She knew (right) from the word go that it was going to be difficult. 她从一开始就知道这件事很难办. (not) get a word in `edgeways (not) be able to interrupt sb who is very talkative （不）能（在某人不断谈话时）插嘴. give sb one's `word (that...)[have sb's `word for it (that...) promise sb/be promised by sb (that...) 许诺某人[得到某人的许诺]: * You have my word for it that the goods will arrive on time. 我向你保证货物一定准时到达. go ,back on one's `word fail to fulfil a promise that one has made 食言. hang on sb's lips/words/every word => hang1. (not) have a good word to `say for sb/sth (infml 口) (not) say anything at all favourable about sb/sth （不）说某人[某事物]的好话: * He doesn't have/seldom has a good word to say for Britain. 他从不[很少]说英国的好话. have, etc the last word => last1. have a word in sb's `ear speak to sb in private/confidentially 和某人说私话[秘密话]. have a `word (with sb) (about sth) speak (to sb) (about sth), esp privately or confidentially （对某人）说（某事）（尤指私下的或秘密的事）:

word2
* Could we have a word before you go to the meeting? 你去开会之前, 咱们能私下说句话吗? have `words (with sb) (about sth) quarrel (with sb) (about sth) （为某事）（与某人）争吵. a household name/word => household. in a `word briefly 一句话; 简言之: * In a word, I think he's a fool. 总之, 我认为他是个傻瓜. in `other words expressed in a different way; that is to say 换句话说; 也就是说. (not) in so many `words (not) in exactly the same words as are claimed or reported to have been used （并非）一字不差. in words of `one syllable using very simple language 使用极简单的语言. keep/break one's word do/fail to do what one has promised 守信[失信]. one's last word => last1. the last word => last1. a man/woman of his/her `word person that does what he/she has promised to do 守信用的人. mum's the word! => mum1. (upon) my `word! (dated or fml 旧或文) (exclamation expressing surprise or consternation用作表示惊奇或惊恐的叹词): * My word, you're back early!咦, 你回来得真早哇! not a `word (to sb) (about sth) don't say anything; be silent! （关於某事）（对某人）什麽也别说; 别说!: * Not a word (to Mary) (about what I said)!（我说的话）千万别（对玛丽）说! not to mince matters/ words => mince. a play on words => play1. put in/say a (good) `word for sb say sth in sb's favour in order to help him 为某人说好话相助. put `words in sb's mouth suggest that sb has said sth when he has not 硬说某人说过某话: * She accused the journalist of putting words in her mouth. 她指责该新闻工作者把报道 的事硬说成是她说过的. ,say the `word (infml 口) give an order, a signal, etc 发命令、 信号等: * If you want me to leave, you only have to say the word. 你要是想让我走, 尽管说出来就是了. swallow one's words => swallow2. take sb at his `word believe exactly what sb says or promises, without question 完全相信某人的话或承诺而毫不怀疑. take sb's `word for it (that...) accept sth on sb's authority 认为某人有权威性而相信他的话:

word3
* I'll take your word for it that it won't happen again. 我相信你说的此事下不为例这句话. take the `words (right) out of sb's mouth say just what sb else was about to say 说出某人要说的话. too funny, outrageous, sad, shocking, etc for `words so funny, etc that it cannot be expressed in words; extremely funny, etc 有趣、 可耻、 悲痛、 令人震惊...得难以言传; 极为有趣、 可耻、 悲痛、 令人震惊等. a war of words => war. weigh one's words => weigh. ,without a `word without saying anything 什麽也没说: * He left without a word. 他一句话都没说就走了. ,word for `word in exactly the same or (in translation) exactly equivalent words; verbatim 逐字地; （在翻译方面）一字对一字, 使用对应词: * He repeated what you said word for word. 他一字不差地复述了您说的话. * [attrib 作定语] a ,word-for-word ac`count, repe`tition, trans`lation 逐字的复述、 重复、 翻译. sb's ,word is as ,good as his `bond sb's promise can be relied upon completely 某人说的话可以绝对相信. one's ,word of `honour a solemn promise 庄严的承诺. a ,word to the `wisean intelligent person can take a hint, draw his own conclusions, etc without a lot of explanation 对聪明人一点就透（不必详加解释）. 派生： word v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] express (sth) in particular words; phrase (sth) 用词语表达（某事）; 选用（词语）: The advice wasn't very tactfully worded. 这份通知措辞不太策略. * a carefully worded reminder 措辞严谨的催促通知 * Be careful how you word your answer. 回答时要字斟句酌. wording n [sing] words used to express sth; way in which sth is expressed （用以表达某事物的）词语; 说法; 措辞: A different wording might make the meaning clearer. 换一种说法意思可能清楚些. wordless adj (fml 文) not expressed in words 不用言语表达的: wordless grief, sympathy 无言的悲痛、 同情. wordy adj (-ier, -iest)

word4
(derog 贬) using or expressed in (too) many words; verbose 话（过）多的; 冗长的; 罗嗦的: a wordy expression of apology 拖泥带水的道歉. wordily[-IlI; -IlI/ adv. wordiness n [U]. 复合： `word-blindness n [U] = dyslexia. ,word-`perfect (US ,letter-`perfect) adj able to say or recite sth from memory without making any mistakes 能靠记忆一字不错说出或背诵出的. `word processor device that records typed words, diagrams, etc and displays them on a visual display unit so that they can be corrected or edited and then automatically printed 文字处理机. Cf 参看 typewriter (type2). `word processing (practice of doing) work on a word processor 文字处理: [attrib 作定语] word-processing skills 文字处理技巧.

wore
pt of wear2.

work
1[wE:k; wEk] n 1 [U] (a) use of bodily or mental power in order to do or make sth (esp as contrasted with rest or play or recreation) 工作; 劳动: * His success was achieved by hard work. 他靠辛勤劳动而获得成功. * The work of building the bridge took six months. 建桥工作用了半年的时间. * Years of research work have failed to produce a cure for the disease. 多年的研究工作未能找到医治这种疾病的疗法. * He never does a stroke of (ie any) work. 他什麽活儿都不干. * She was worn out with work. 她让工作给累坏了. (b) use of energy supplied by electricity, steam, etc to do or make sth 使用电、 蒸汽等的能量来做某事物: * Work done by machines has replaced manual labour. 机器生产已经代替了手工劳作. * The work of calculating wages can be done by a computer. 计算工资的事可以用计算机来做. 2 [U] (a) task, etc that is to be done, not necessarily connected with a trade or an occupation 待做的事（不一定与职业有关的）: * There is plenty of work to be done in the garden. 园子里有许多事要做. * I have some work for you to do. 我有些事要你做. * You've done a good job of work. 你做了一件很好的事. (b) materials needed or used for this 做事时需要的材料或工具: * She took her work (eg papers or sewing materials) with her into the garden. 她把活计带到了园子里（如图纸或缝纫材料）. * She often brings work (eg files, documents) home with her from the office. 她常把办公室的工作带回家去做（如文件等）. * His work was spread all over the floor. 地板上到处都是他的工作用品. 3 [U] (a) thing or things produced as a result of work 制造物; 制作品; 成品: * an exhibition of the work of young sculptors 年轻雕刻家的作品展览 * He was very proud of his work. 他为自己的作品感到自豪. * Is this all your own work? ie Did you do it without help from others? 这个作品是你独自做的吗?

work1
* The craftsmen sell their work to visitors. 这些手艺人把自己做的工艺品卖给前来参观的人. * She produced an excellent piece of work in the final examination. 她毕业考试创作成绩优秀. (b) result of an action; what is done by sb 行动的结果; 某人做的事: * The damage to the painting is the work of vandals. 毁坏这幅画的事是恣意破坏公物的人干的. * (ironic 反语) I hope you are pleased with your work you've ruined everything! 我希望你对自己做的事感到高兴了--你把一切都毁了! 4 [U] (a) what a person does as an occupation, esp in order to earn money; employment（作为职业的）工作（尤指为了挣钱的）: * It is difficult to find work in the present economic situation. 在目前的经济情况下很难找到工作. * Many people are looking for work. 许多人都在找工作. * The accountant described his work to the sales staff. 那个会计向营业部的职员介绍了自己的工作情况. * unpaid/voluntary work 无报酬的[义务的]工作 * [attrib 作定语] work experience 工作经历 * work clothes 工作服. (b) (not used with the 不与定冠词the连用) place where one does this 工作地点; 工作单位; 工作部门: * He has to leave work early today. 他今天得早点儿下班. * She goes to/leaves for work at 8 o'clock. 她8点钟去上班. * What time do you arrive at/get to work in the morning? 你早晨几点钟上班? * Her friends from work came to see her in hospital. 她工作部门的朋友到医院来看望她. =>Usage 见所附用法. 5 (a) [C] piece of literary, musical or artistic composition; artistic creation 文学、 音乐或艺术作品; 艺术创作: * Have you read her latest work? 你读过她最近的作品吗? * a new work on (ie book about) Elizabethan poetry 论述伊丽莎白时代诗歌的新书 * a new work by the composer of `Cats' 《猫》的作曲家的新作 * He recognized the painting as an early work by Degas. 他认出了这幅画是德加的早期作品. (b) works [pl] all the books written by a writer or the compositions of a composer （一个作家创作的）全部着作; （一个作曲家创作的）全部乐曲:

work2
* the collected/complete works of Shakespeare 莎士比亚选集[全集] * the works of Beethoven 贝多芬的全部作品. Cf 参看 opus 1. 6 [U] (physics 物) use of force to produce movement 功; 作功. Cf 参看 joule. 7 [U] (in or forming compounds 用以构成复合词) (a) things made of or (the skill of) making things in the specified material （用某种材料）制造物品（的技艺）或其制成品: * `wickerwork * `woodwork * `metalwork. (b) things made or work done with the specified tool （用某种工具）制作或其制成品: * `needlework * `brushwork. (c) ornamentation of a specified type 某种类型的装饰: * `latticework * `paintwork * `filigree work. (d) structure of the specified type 某种类型的结构: * `framework * `network * `bodywork.8 the works [pl] moving parts of a machine, etc; mechanism （机器等的）活动部件; 机械装置: * the works of a clock 钟的活动部件 * There's something wrong with the works. 机械装置出故障了. 9 works [pl] (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) operations involving building or repair 建 或维修的工程: * `road-works 道路施工 * ,public `works 公共设施工程. 10 works [sing or pl v] (esp in compounds 尤用以构成复合词) place where industrial or manufacturing processes are carried out 工厂: * the engi`neering works 机器制造厂 * a `brick works 砖厂 * The `steel works is/are closed for the holidays.这座钢厂假期停工. * There has been an accident at the works. 这家工厂出了一次事故. =>Usage at factory 用法见factory. 11 the works [pl] (infml 口) everything 所有的事物: * She was wearing a tiara, a diamond necklace and a gold bracelet the works! 她戴着个冕状头饰、 一条钻石项链还有一个金手镯--全套首饰! 12 (idm 习语) all in a day's work => day. at `work (a) at the place where one works 在工作的地方: * Please don't ring me at work. 打电话请不要打到我上班的地方.

work3
* I've left my bag at work. 我把提包落在上班的地方了. (b) having an effect; operating 在起作用; 在运转: * She suspected that secret influences were at work. 她怀疑有些势力暗中作祟. at work (on sth) busy doing sth 忙着做某事物: * He is still at work on the restoration. 他仍忙着做维修工作. * They were watching the artist at work. 他们看着那个艺术家忙个不停. the devil makes work for idle hands => devil1. dirty work => dirty1. get (down) to/go to/set to `work (on sth/to do sth) begin; make a start 开始; 着手干. give sb/sth the `works (infml 口) (a) give or tell sb everything 把一切都给某人或都告诉某人. (b) give sb/sth the full or best possible treatment 全面或周到地对待某人[某事物]: * They gave the car the works and it looks like new. 他们把这辆汽车彻底维修了一遍, 整旧如新. (c) treat sb harshly or violently 粗暴地对待某人. go/set about one's `work do/start to do one's work 做[着手做]自己的工作: * She went cheerfully about her work. 她高高兴兴地做她的工作. ,good `works acts of charity 善行; 善举: * do good works 做善事. gum up the works => gum2. have one's `work cut out (doing sth) (infml 口) have sth difficult to do, esp in the available time 有困难的事要做（尤指在现有的时间内）: * You'll have your work cut out getting there by nine o'clock. 你得在九点钟以前赶到那里. in `work/out of `work having/not having a paid job 有[没有]工作: * She had been out of work for a year. 她已失业一年了. * He was looking forward to being in work again. 他巴不得能再就业. * [attrib 作定语] an ,out-of-work `actor 失业的演员. make hard work of sth => hard1. make light work of sth => light3. make short work of sth/sb => short1. many hands make light work => hand1. a nasty piece of work => nasty. nice work if you can get it => nice. put/set sb to `work make sb start working on sth 使某人开始做某事. shoot the works => shoot1. a spanner in the works => spanner. the work of a `moment, `second, etc thing that takes the specified (usu short) time to do 某段时间（通常指短时间）可做的事情:

work4
* It was the work of a few moments to hide the damage. 只需一会儿就可以把损坏的地方遮掩起来. 复合： `work-basket n container for sewing materials, needlework, etc 针线筐. `work-bench n table at which a mechanic, carpenter, etc works 工作台. `workbook n book that gives information on a subject and guidance for a student, with practice or exercises that he can do on his own 练习簿; 作业本. `workday n (also ,working `day) (a) day on which one usu works 工作日: Saturday is a workday for him. 星期六是他的工作日. (b) day that is not a Sunday or holiday 非星期日或节假日的日子. `work-force n [CGp] total number of workers employed (eg in a factory) or available for work 受雇的（如一工厂中的）或现有的工作人员总数; 劳动人口: Ten per cent of the work-force will be made redundant. 有百分之十的劳动力要裁减掉. `work-horse n (a) horse that does work, eg pulling heavy loads 使役的马. (b) (fig 比喻) person who is relied upon by others to do a lot of hard work 大家赖以做重活儿的人: He's a willing work-horse. 他是个埋头苦干的老黄牛. `workhouse (Brit) (formerly 旧时) public institution where very poor people were sent to live and given work to do 济贫院. `work-load n amount of work (to be) done by sb 某人（需）做的工作量; 工作负担: have a heavy work-load 有很重的工作 * reduce/increase sb's work-load 减少[增加]某人的工作量. `workman[-mEn; -mEn] n (pl -men) (a) man who is employed to do manual or mechanical work （男）工人. (b) person who works in the specified way 以某种方式工作的人: * a good, neat, conscientious, etc workman 工作出色的、 仔细的、 认真的...人 * skilled/unskilled workmen 技术熟练的[不熟练的]人 * (saying 谚) A bad workman blames his tools. 技术差的人埋怨工具差. `workmanlike adj of or like a good workman; practical and skilful （似）优秀工人的; 技术熟的:

work5
* He did a very workmanlike job on it. 他这件工作做得非常漂亮. * The team produced a very workmanlike performance. 这个队技巧表现得十分熟练. `workmanship n [U] (a) person's skill in working 手艺; 技艺: * They admired her workmanship. 他们很钦佩她的手艺. (b) quality of this as seen in sth that has been made 工作质量; 工艺: * Our new washing-machine keeps breaking down it's entirely due to shoddy workmanship. 我们的新洗衣机老出毛病--完全是因为做的质量太差. ,work of `art fine picture, poem, building, sculpture, etc 精致的物品（精美的画、 诗、 建 物、 雕塑等）: (fig 比喻) The decoration on the cake was a work of art. 这个蛋糕的装饰匠心独妙. `workpeople n [pl] people who work in a business, factory, etc without any responsibility for its management; workers （无管理责任的）员工; 工人们. `workpiece n thing (to be) worked on with a tool or machine （用工具或机器制作的）工作物. `work-room n room in which work is done 工作室: The watchmaker has a work-room at the back of his shop. 这个钟表匠在他的店 後面有个工作间. `worksheet n paper on which work that has been done or is in progress is recorded 工作单; 加工单. `workshop n (a) room or building in which machines, etc are made or repaired 车间; 工厂; 工场; 修理厂. (b) period of discussion and practical work on a particular subject, when a group of people share their knowledge and experience （针对某问题的）研讨与实践, 讲习班: a poetry workshop 诗歌研习会 * a theatre workshop 戏剧研讨与实践. `work-shy adj (derog 贬) not inclined to work (hard); lazy 不愿（努力）工作的; 懒惰的. `work study system of assessing people's work and working methods, intended to discover whether the work could be done more quickly or efficiently 工效研究. `work-table n table on which work is done, esp one with drawers for eg sewing materials 工作台（尤指有抽屉的, 如盛缝纫材料的）.

work6
`work top (also `work surface) flat surface in a kitchen, on top of a cupboard, refrigerator, etc, used for preparing food, etc on （厨房的）工作面（柜橱、 冰箱等的顶部, 用以制作食物等的）. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Job and task are countable nouns indicating a piece of work that a person does.*job和task均为可数名词, 指人做的工作. Job is general and may be hard or easy, pleasant or unpleasant *job用得很广, 所指的工作或难或易, 或喜爱或厌恶均可: Some people tackle the difficult jobs first. 有的人爱先做难做的工作. * I've been given the enjoyable job of presenting the prizes. 要我做的工作是发奖这件美事. It can also refer to a long-term occupation. 这个词还可指长期的职业. A task is usually short-term and requires effort. *task通常指短期的且需努力做的工作. It may not be voluntary 这个词指的不一定是自愿做的工作: The teacher gave the children holiday tasks. 老师给小学生布置了假期作业. It can also refer to long-term objectives这个词还可指长期的目标: the important tasks facing the new government 新政府面临的重要任务. Work, labour and toil are uncountable nouns indicating the activity needed to perform a job. *work、 labour、 toil均为不可数名词, 指做工作的行为. Work is the most general *work用得最广: This job will require a lot of hard work. 这项工作要十分努力才能做好. * He's got a lot more work to do on the book. 这本书他还有许多工作要做. Labour suggests physical effort *labour指体力劳动: He was sentenced to 10 years' hard labour. 他被判十年劳役. * Manual labour has become unpopular with young people. 体力劳动年轻人已经不喜欢做了. Toil is formal and is used of hard, lengthy work *toil较文, 用以指费力、 费时的工作: workers exhausted by years of toil 长年辛劳而筋疲力竭的工人.

workable
[5wE:kEbl; 5wEkEbl] adj 1 that will work2(3); practicable or feasible 行得通的; 切合实际的; 可行的: * a workable compromise, plan, scheme 行得通的折衷办法、 计画、 方案. 2 that can be or is worth working (work2 5) 值得经营的: * The silver mine is no longer workable, eg because it is flooded or because the ore is exhausted. 这个银矿不值得开采了（如因积水或矿石储量将尽）.

workaday
[5wE:kEdei; 5wEkE7de] adj [attrib 作定语] not unusual or especially interesting; ordinary, everyday or practical 平凡的; 不太有趣的; 普通的; 日常的; 实际的: * workaday concerns 平常的事.

workaholic
[7wE:kE'hClik; 7wEkE'hClik] n (derog or approv infml 贬或褒, 口) person who works obsessively and finds it difficult to stop 拼命工作难以停止的人; 工作狂; 工作迷.

worker
[5wE:kE(r); 5wEkl] n 1 (a) (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) person who works, esp one who does a particular type of work 工作的人, 工作者（尤指做某类型工作的）: * car, factory, office, rescue workers 汽车行业从业员、 工人、 职员、 救援人员 * The company provides houses for some of its workers. 这家公司为某些工作人员提供住房. (b) person who works in the specified way 以某种方式工作的人: * a good, hard, quick, slow, etc worker 做事做得好、 努力、 快、 慢...的人. (c) (infml 口) person who works hard 努力工作的人: * That girl is certainly a worker! 那个女的真肯干! 2 (a) employee, esp one who does manual or non-managerial work 雇员（尤指做体力工作或非管理性工作的）; 工人: * The workers in the factory are paid by the hour and the clerical staff are paid a monthly salary. 这个工厂工人按小时计酬, 职员按月领薪. * Workers are in dispute with management about the redundancies. 劳方现就裁员问题与资方争论. * [attrib 作定语] worker participation in decision-making 工人参与决策. (b) member of the working class 工人阶级的成员: * a workers' revolution 工人阶级革命运动.3 neuter or undeveloped female bee or ant that does the work of the hive or colony but cannot reproduce工蜂; 工蚁: * [attrib 作定语] a worker bee 工蜂. Cf 参看 drone1 1.

working
[5wE:kiN; 5wEkiN] adj [attrib 作定语] 1 (a) engaged in work, esp manual labour; employed 做工作的; （尤指）从事体力劳动的; 受雇的: * the working man, ie manual workers in general 工人 * The meeting must be held at a time convenient for working mothers. 会议召开的时间必须便於有孩子的女工参加. * The working population of the country (ie The proportion of the population that works or is available for work) is growing smaller. 这个国家的劳力正在减少. (b) of, for or suitable for work 工作上的; 为工作的; 适於工作的: * My working hours are (from) 9 to 5. 我的工作时间是（从）9点到5点. * She was still dressed in her working clothes. 她还穿着工作服呢. * The union has negotiated a 35-hour working week. 工会经谈判确定为每星期工作35小时. * She had spent all her working life in the factory. 她一生的工作时间都是在这座工厂里度过的. * Working conditions in the industry have improved greatly. 这一行业的工作环境已有很大改善. * a working breakfast/lunch, ie one during which business is discussed 工作早餐[午餐]（边就餐边研工作的） * He has a good working relationship with his boss. 他和老板工作关系很好. 2 functioning or able to function 起作用的; 能运转的: * a working model of a steam engine 蒸汽机的工作模型 * The government has a working majority, ie one that is sufficient to allow it to govern. 这个政府握有稳操胜券的多数票. 3 that is good enough as a basis for work, argument, etc and may be improved later; provisional 有起码的工作、 辩论等的基础的; 临时的: * a working definition, hypothesis, theory暂定的定义、 假设、 理论 * She has a working knowledge of French. 她的法语尚可应付工作. 4 (idm 习语) in (full) `working order (esp of a machine) able to function properly; running smoothly （尤指机器）能正常操作的, 灵活运转的. 派生： working n

working1
1 [C] (part of a) mine or quarry that is being or has been worked (work2 5) （正在开采的或已开采过的）矿坑, 采石场（的一部分）: The boys went exploring in some disused workings, eg the shafts of an old tin mine. 那些男孩子到一些废弃的矿坑去探险（如旧锡矿的竖坑中）. 2 workings [pl] ~s (of sth) (process involved in) the way a machine, an organization, a part of the body, etc operates （机器、 组织、 身体某部等的）工作方式或过程: the workings of the human mind 人的头脑的活动方式 * It was impossible to understand the workings of such a huge bureaucracy. 要想了解这样庞大的官僚体系的运作情况是不可能的. 复合： ,working `capital capital that is needed and used in running a business, and not invested in its buildings, equipment, etc 营业资本; 周转资本. the `working class (also the `working classes) social class whose members do manual or industrial work for wages 工人阶级: His duty as a politician was to represent the interests of the working class. 他身为政治家的责任是代表工人阶级的利益. * [attrib 作定语] working-class attitudes, families, origins 工人阶级的看法、 家庭、 出身. ,working `day (a) = workday (work1). (b) part of the day during which work is done 一天中的工作时间: The unions are campaigning for a shorter working day. 工会发起要求减少每日工作时间的运动. `working party group of people appointed (eg by a government department) to investigate sth and report or advise on it 工作组（受委任调查某事并做出报告或建议的小组, 如由政府部门委派的）: set up a working party to look into the matter 成立一个工作组调查此事.

world
[wE:ld; wEld] n 1 the world [sing] (a) everything that exists; the universe 存在的一切事物; 世界; 宇宙: * the creation of the world 天下万物的创造. (b) the earth with all its countries and peoples 地球及其所属的国家和民族; 世界: * a journey round the world 环球旅行 * travel (all over) the world 游历（全）世界 * The whole world would be affected by a nuclear war. 整个世界都会受到核战争的波及. * the rivers and oceans of the world 地球上的河流和海洋 * Pollution is one of the most important issues in the world today. 污染问题是当今世界上最重要的问题之一. * Which is the biggest city in the world? 世界上最大的城市是哪个? * [attrib 作定语] English is now a world language, ie is used everywhere in the world. 英语现在是一种世界语. (c) particular section of the earth 地球上的某部分; 世界: * the eastern/western world 东方[西方]世界 * the ancient world 古老的世界 * the Roman world, ie the part of the earth that the Romans knew 古罗马人的世界 * the New World, ie America 新世界（美洲） * the Old World, ie Europe, Asia and Africa 旧世界（欧、 亚、 非叁洲） * the English-speaking world, ie those parts where English is spoken as the first language 说英语的地区. 2 [C] heavenly body that may be like the earth 近似地球的天体: * other worlds unknown to us beyond the stars 除已知星体之外, 我们不了解的其他天体. 3 [C] time, state or scene of human existence 人类生存的时间、 状况或现象: * this world and the next, ie life on earth and existence after death 今世及来世 * the world to come, ie existence after death 来世 * It's a sad world where there is such suffering. 有这些苦难的地方就是个悲惨的世界. * bring a child into/come into the world, ie give birth to a child/be born 生孩子[出世]. 4 the world [sing] (a) human affairs; active life 世事; 世情:

world1
* He showed no interest in the world around him. 他对周围的一切都不感兴趣. * know/see the world, ie have experience of life 洞达世故[见世面] * (rhet 修辞) How goes the world with you? ie How are your affairs going? 你的情况怎样? (b) material or similar things and occupations (as contrasted with spiritual ones) 尘世（与精神世界相对）: * the temptations of the world 花花世界的诱惑 * She decided to renounce the world and enter a convent. 她决定弃绝尘世去当修女. 5 the world [sing] (a) everybody (and everything) 每个人（及一切事物）: * He wanted to tell the news to the world. 他要把这件事告诉每一个人. * The whole world seemed to be at the party. 聚会上好像每个人都来了. * She felt that the whole world was against her. 她觉得人人都跟她作对. (b) fashionable or respectable society 时髦的或上流的社会: * I don't care what the world thinks. 我不在乎上流社会怎样看. 6 [C] (often in compounds 常用以构成复合词) people or things belonging to a certain class or sphere of activity, interest, etc 属於某活动、 兴趣等范围的人或事物; 范围; 界: the world of art, politics, sport 艺术、 政治、 体育界 * the animal/insect world 动物[昆虫]世界 * the racing, scientific, theatre world 赛马、 科学、 戏剧界 * The medical world is divided on this issue. 医学界在这个问题上有分歧. 7 (idm 习语) be ,all the `world to sb be very dear or very important to sb 对某人来说, 非常宝贵或非常重要. be not long for this world => long3. the best of both worlds => best3. a brave new world => brave. come/go `down/`up in the world become less/more important in society, successful in one's career, etc or poorer/richer 落魄[发迹]; 变穷[变富]: They've come up in the world since I last met them. 自从我上次见到他们以来, 他们已经发迹了. dead to the world => dead. the end of the world => end1. for all the world like sb/sth/as if... (usu expressing surprise 通常表示惊讶) very much or exactly like sb/sth or as if... 就像某人[某事物]; 好像...: She carried on with her work for all the world as if nothing had happened! 她继续做她的工作, 就好像什麽事都没发生过一样! (not) for (all) the `world whatever the inducement is or was 无论诱惑力有多大: I wouldn't sell that picture for all the world. 我无论如何也不卖那幅画. how, what, where, who, etc on earth/in the world => earth. in the eyes of the world => eye1.

world2
(be/live) in a world of one's `own live a life of fantasy without communicating with other people 生活在自己的小天地之中. it's a small world => small. the John `Smiths, etc of this world (infml 口) people like the person whose name is given 像（说出名字的）这一类人: `I hear Peter Brown's doing very well.’ `The Peter Browns of this world always do well!’ ‘我听说彼得．布朗近来很好.’‘像彼得．布朗这样的人情况总是很好.’ a man/woman of the `world person with a lot of experience of life, public affairs, business, etc, esp one who is not easily surprised or shocked 老成练达的人; 老成持重的人. the next world => next1. on top of the world => top1. ,out of this `world (infml 口) absolutely wonderful, magnificent, beautiful, etc 好得不得了: The meal was out of this world. 这顿饭简直没治了. * The scenery and costumes for the opera are out of this world. 这个歌剧的布景和戏装顶刮刮. the ,outside `world people, places, activities, etc that are not those of an enclosed community, group, profession, etc 外部世界（封闭式群体、 组织、 职业等以外的人、 地方、 活动等）: working in a remote village cut off from the outside world 在一个与外界隔绝的偏僻村庄里工作. set the `world on fire (infml 口) be very successful and cause great excitement 极为成功并引起轰动: She does the job adequately but she's not going to set the world on fire! 她工作做得不错, 但也不会有什麽惊人之举! think the world of sb/sth => think1. watch the world go by => watch2. the way of the world => way1. what is the world `coming to? (used as an expression of disapproving surprise, shock, complaint, etc at changes in attitudes, behaviour, etc 在评论态度、 行为等发生变化时, 用以表示不以为然的惊讶、 吃惊、 抱怨等): When I read the news these days I sometimes wonder what the world is coming to. 我阅读近日的新闻报道, 有时觉得事情未免太不像话了. a window on the world => window. with the best will in the world => best1. (all) the ,world and his `wife(infml 口) large numbers of people, esp when assembled in a place as guests, holiday-makers, etc 许多人（尤指聚在一起的宾客、 度假的人等）: The world and his wife were in Brighton that day! 那天在布赖顿市人山人海! the ,world, the ,flesh and the `devil

world3
(fml or rhet 文或修辞) all that is not holy; all that tempts mankind to wickedness 一切坏事; 诱人作恶的一切事物. the ,world is one's `oyster one is able to enjoy all the pleasures and opportunities that life has to offer 能尽情享受生活中的一切快乐与机遇: She left school feeling that the world was her oyster. 她中学毕业了, 感到前途无限美好. a/the `world of difference, good, meaning, etc (infml 口) a great deal of difference, etc 极大的差别、 好处、 意义等: There's a world of difference in the performance of the two cars. 这两辆汽车的性能有天壤之别. * That holiday did him the world of good. 这次度假对他大有好处. the (whole) world `over in any place in the world; everywhere 世界上的任何地方; 各处: People are basically the same the world over. 世界各地的人基本上都一样. (think) the world owes one a `living (think that) one has a right to be provided for because one deserves it or simply because one exists （认为）生来就得过舒服日子: It's no use thinking the world owes you a living, you know. 你要知道, 光想着生来就得舒舒服服的, 那是白想. (be) `worlds apart completely different 完全不同: We're worlds apart in our political views. 我们的政治观点截然不同. 派生： worldly adj (-ier, -iest) (a) [attrib 作定语] of (the affairs of) the world, esp the pursuit of pleasure or material gain; not spiritual 世事的; （尤指）尘世的, 世俗的: one's worldly goods, ie property 个人的财产 * worldly concerns, distractions, preoccupations, etc 世俗的心思、 乐趣、 欲念等. (b) experienced in the affairs of life; sophisticated; practical 生活经验丰富的; 老成练达的; 实际的: a worldly person 老成持重的人 * a few words of worldly wisdom 人生的经验之谈. worldliness n [U]. ,worldly-`wise adj [U] having or showing prudence and shrewdness in dealing with worldly matters 善於处世的. 复合： `world-beater n person or thing that is better than all others 举世无匹的人或事物: She has enough talent as a player to be a world-beater. 她很有天资, 能成为天下无敌的选手.

world4
,world-`class adj as good as the best in the world 世界级的; 世界上一流的: a ,world-class `author, `footballer 世界上一流的作家、 足球健将 * ,world-class `tennis 世界级的网球运动. ,world-`famous adj known throughout the world 世界着名的: a ,world-famous `film star 世界着名的电影明星. ,world `power n country that has major influence in international politics 世界强国. ,world `war war that involves many important countries 世界大战: a treaty designed to prevent a world war 防止世界大战的条约 * the First/Second World War 第一次[第二次]世界大战 * World War One/Two 第一次[第二次]世界大战. `world-weary adj bored with life or tired of living 厌世的. ,world-`wide adj found in or affecting the whole world 遍及全世界的; 影响世界的: world-wide economic trends 全世界的经济趋势 * a ,world-wide `market 世界市场. adv all over the world 遍及世界各地: Our product is sold world-wide. 我们的产品行销世界各地.

worm
[wE:m; wEm] n 1 (a) [C] small long thin creeping animal with a soft rounded or flattened body and no backbone or limbs 蠕虫: * There are a lot of worms in the soil. 泥土中有许多蠕虫. * an `earthworm 蚯蚓. (b) [pl] worm that causes disease by living as a parasite in the intestines of a person or an animal 肠道寄生虫: * The dog has worms. 这条狗有肠道寄生虫. (c) (esp in compounds尤用以构成复合词) worm-like larva of an insect, esp in fruit or wood （似蠕虫的）昆虫幼虫（尤指果实或木中的）: * The apples are full of worms. 这些苹果生了很多虫子. * `woodworm 蛀木虫 * `silkworm 蚕. 2 (usu sing 通常作单数) (derog 贬) person considered weak and insignificant and who is not respected by others 懦弱的、 无足轻重的且不受尊重的人. 3 spiral part of a screw （螺钉的）螺旋部分. 4 (idm 习语) a can of worms => can1. the early bird catches the worm => early. the ,worm will `turn even a person who is normally quiet and does not complain will assert himself or rebel in an intolerable situation 老实人忍不住也得反抗. 派生： worm v 1 [Tn] treat (an animal, usu a cat or a dog) in order to get rid of the worms living in its intestines 为（动物, 通常指猫狗）驱虫: We'll have to worm the dog, ie by giving it medicine. 我们得给这条狗打打虫子了.2 (phr v) worm one's way/oneself along, through, etc move in the specified direction by crawling or wriggling, esp slowly or with difficulty 沿某方向爬行或蠕动（尤指缓慢而艰难地）: They had to worm their way through the narrow tunnel. 他们得钻过狭窄的隧道. worm one's way/oneself into sth (usu derog 通常作贬义) establish oneself in sb's affection, confidence, etc, esp in order to deceive 获得某人的好感、 信任等（尤指为行骗）: She used flattery to worm her way/herself into his confidence. 她用阿谀奉承的手段骗取他的信任. worm sth out (of sb) obtain information

worm1
(from sb) slowly and cunningly （从某人处）缓慢而狡诈地获取情报: Eventually they wormed the truth out of her. 他们最後从她那里得知了真相. wormy adj 1 containing many worms 有很多蠕虫的: wormy soil 有很多蠕虫的土壤. 2 damaged by worms; wormeaten 被蠕虫损坏的; 蠕虫蛀的: a wormy apple 生虫的苹果. 复合： `worm-cast n small tubular pile of earth that is pushed up to the surface of the ground by an earthworm 蚯蚓粪. `wormeaten adj full of worm-holes 有很多蠕虫蛀的洞的. `worm-hole n hole left in wood, fruit, etc by a worm （木材、 果实等上面的）由蠕虫蛀成的洞.

wormwood
[5wE:mwud; 5wEm7wud] n [U] 1 woody plant with a bitter flavour, used in making some alcoholic drinks (eg absinthe) and medicines 蒿, 艾蒿, 洋艾（用以制艾酒和入药）. 2 (experience that causes) intense bitterness, humiliation, shame, etc 极大的痛苦、 侮辱、 羞耻等; 造成这类感觉的经历.

worn
1 pp of wear2.

worrisome
[5wQrisEm; 5wQrisEm] adj (dated 旧) causing worry; troublesome 令人忧虑的; 令人烦恼的.

worry
[5wQri; 5wQri] v (pt, pp worried) 1 [I, Ipr] ~ (about sb/sth) be anxious (about sb, difficulties, the future, etc) （对某人、 困难、 前途等）担忧, 担心, 发愁: * `Don't worry,’ she said, putting an arm round his shoulder. ‘别发愁了,’她边说边用手臂搂住他的肩膀. * Don't worry if you can't finish it. 你做不完也不必担心. * Your parents are worrying about you: * do write to them. 你父母正担心你呢, 快给他们写封信吧. * There's nothing to worry about. 没什麽可愁的. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/oneself (about sb/sth) make sb/oneself anxious or troubled (about sb/sth) （对某人[某事物]）使某人[自己]担忧、 担心或发愁: * What worries me is how he will manage now his wife's died. 他妻子死了, 我担心的是他可怎麽办. * I don't want to worry you, but... 我不想让你担心, 但是... * She worried herself sick/She was worried sick about her missing son. 她儿子失踪可把她愁坏了. * Many people are worried by the possibility of a nuclear accident. 许多人都很担心怕可能发生核事故. * It worries me that they haven't answered my letters. 他们一直没给我回信, 叫人担心. 3 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (with sth) annoy or disturb sb; bother sb 烦扰或打扰某人; 打搅某人: * Don't worry her now; she's busy. 现在别打扰她, 她正忙着呢. * The noise doesn't seem to worry them. 这种嘈声好像并不影响他们. 4 [Tn] (esp of a dog) seize (sth) with the teeth and shake or pull it about （尤指狗）叼住（某物）甩或拉: * The dog was worrying a rat. 那条狗撕咬着一只老鼠. 5 (idm 习语) ,not to `worry (infml 口) do not worry; let us not worry 别担心; 咱们不必发愁: * We've missed the train, but not to worry, there's another one in ten minutes. 我们没赶上火车, 但是别着急, 十分钟後还有一趟呢. 派生： worried adj ~ (about sb/sth); ~ (that...) feeling or showing worry about sb/sth; anxious 担忧的; 担心的; 发愁的: be worried about one's weight, one's job, one's husband 为自己的体重、 工作、 丈夫担心

worry1
* I was worried that you wouldn't come back. 我担心你不回来了. * There's no need to look so worried! 不必那麽愁眉苦脸的! * Worried relatives waited at the airport. 亲属们都焦急地在机场等着. worriedly adv. worrier n person who worries a lot 爱担忧的人; 常发愁的人: Don't be such a worrier! 别总那麽愁眉苦脸的! worry n 1 [U] state of being worried; anxiety 担忧; 担心; 忧愁: Worry and illness had made him prematurely old. 他心事重重、 疾病缠身, 落得个未老先衰. 2 [C] thing that causes one to worry; cause of anxiety 令人担忧的事物; 忧愁的根源: He has a lot of financial worries at the moment. 他现在有很多财务上的烦恼事. * Forget your worries and enjoy yourself! 不要想那些愁事, 痛快痛快吧! 3 [C usu sing 通常作单数] thing that sb is responsible for 某人负责的事情: Transport? That's your worry! 交通问题? 那是你负责的事! worrying adj 1 causing worry 令人担忧的; 使人发愁的: worrying problems 叫人忧虑的问题. 2 full of worry 忧心忡忡的: It was a very worrying time for them. 那时他们十分忧虑.

worse
[wE:s; wEs] adj (comparative of bad1 *bad1一词的比较级) 1 ~ (than sth/doing sth) of a less excellent or desirable kind 更坏的; 更糟的; 更差的: * The weather got worse during the day. 白天天气更坏了. * The interview was far/much worse than he had expected. 那次面试比他想的糟得多. * prevent an even worse tragedy 防止更惨的事 * The economic crisis is getting worse and worse. 经济危机越来越严重了. * You are only making things worse. 你反倒把事情弄得更糟了. Cf 参看 worst. 2 [pred 作表语] in or into worse health 健康恶化; 身体更差: * If he gets any worse, we must phone for an ambulance. 要是他情况恶化, 我们就得打电话叫救护车了. Cf 参看 better1. 3 (idm 习语) sb's bark is worse than his bite => bark2. be none the `worse (for sth) be unharmed (by sth) （经某遭遇）未受伤害: * The children were none the worse for their adventure. 孩子们经历这一惊险事倒没受到伤害. better/worse still => still2. be the worse for drink be drunk 喝醉的.a fate worse than death => fate. make matters/things `worse worsen a situation or condition that is already difficult or dangerous 使情况更困难或更危险: * To make matters worse, he refused to apologize. 更糟的是他拒不道歉. so much the better/worse => better3. the ,worse for `wear (infml 口) worn, damaged or tired 破旧的; 损坏的; 疲倦的: * Your copy of the dictionary is looking a bit the worse for wear. 你这本词典看来有点儿太旧了. * Bill came home from the pub considerably the worse for wear, ie drunk. 比尔喝得醉醺醺的从酒馆回到家里. ,worse `luck! (infml 口) (as a comment on sth that has been mentioned) which is unfortunate or a pity （用以评论所提到的事情）不幸, 可惜: * I shall have to miss the party, worse luck! 我参加不了这次聚会了, 真可惜! 派生： worse adv 1 more badly 更坏; 更糟; 更差地: He is behaving worse than ever. 他表现得更坏了. Cf 参看 worst adv.

worse1
2 more intensely (than before) （比以前）更强烈, 更严重: It's raining worse than ever. 雨下得更大了. 3 (idm 习语) be ,worse `off be poorer, unhappier, less healthy, etc than before 比以前更穷、 更不愉快、 更不健康等: The increase in taxes means that we'll be 30 a month worse off. 加税後我们每月收入就要少了30英镑. * I've only broken my arm; other patients are far worse off than me. 我只是胳膊折了, 其他病人比我严重得多. worse n 1 [U] worse thing(s) 更坏的事物: I'm afraid there is worse to come. 我看更糟的还在後头呢. 2 (idm 习语) can/could do worse than do sth be correct or sensible in doing sth 做某事是正确的或可取的: If you want a safe investment, you could do a lot worse than put your money in the building society. 要想投资而不冒风险, 不如把钱投资到房屋建 协会. a change for the better/worse => change2. for better or worse => better3. go from ,bad to `worse (of unsatisfactory conditions, etc) become even worse （指不如意的情况等）越来越坏, 每况愈下: Under the new management things have gone from bad to worse. 在新的管理人员领导下, 情况反而更坏了. worsen[5wE:sn; 5wEsn] v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become worse （使某事物）更坏, 恶化: * The patient's condition worsened during the night. 病人的情况在夜间恶化了. * the worsening economic situation 每况愈下的经济形势 * The drought had worsened their chances of survival. 出现乾旱後他们就更难活命了.

worship
[5wE:Fip; 5wEFEp] n 1 [U] (a) reverence, respect or love for God or a god （对上帝或神的）崇拜、 崇敬或热爱: * an act of worship 对神的崇拜举动 * a place of worship, eg a church, mosque or synagogue 拜神的地方（如教堂、 清真寺或犹太会堂）. (b) act or ceremony that shows this 礼拜; 礼拜仪式: * Morning worship begins at 11 o'clock. 早晨的礼拜从11点开始. * a service of divine worship 拜神的仪式. 2 [U] admiration, devotion or love felt for sb/sth 对某人[某事物]的崇拜、 仰慕、 忠心或热爱: * hero-worship 对英雄的崇拜.3 his, your, etc Worship [C] (esp Brit) formal and polite form of address or way of referring to a magistrate or a mayor 阁下（对地方法官或市长的尊称）: * His Worship the Mayor of Chester 切斯特市长阁下 * No, your Worship.不, 法官阁下. 派生： worship v (-pp-; US -p-) 1 (a) [Tn] give worship to (God) 崇拜、 崇敬或热爱（上帝）. (b) [I] attend a church service 参加礼拜仪式; 做礼拜: the church where they had worshipped for years 他们多年做礼拜的教堂.2 [Tn] feel love and admiration for (sb/sth), esp to such an extent that one cannot see his/its faults; idolize 爱慕, 崇拜（某人[某事物]）（尤指达到看不到缺点的地步）: She worshipped him and refused to listen to his critics. 她很崇拜他, 听不进别人对他的批评. * worship success 仰望成功 * He worships the ground she walks on, ie feels intense love for her. 他爱她爱得如醉如痴. worshipper (US worshiper) n person who worships （对上帝或神）崇拜的人; 做礼拜的人; （对某人[某事物]）爱慕的人. worshipful[-fl; -fEl] adj 1 [attrib 作定语] showing or feeling reverence, respect and love 崇拜的; 崇敬的; 敬爱的. 2 Worshipful (fml 文 esp Brit) title used to address or refer to various distinguished people or bodies 用作多种受尊敬的人或团体的称号; 敬佩的: * the Worshipful Company of Goldsmiths 敬佩的戈德史密斯公司.

worst
[wE:st; wEst] adj (superlative of bad1 *bad1一词的最高级) 1 of the least excellent, desirable, suitable, etc kind 最坏的; 最糟的; 最差的: * It was the worst storm for years. 这场暴风雨是多年来最厉害的. * one of the worst cases of child abuse he'd ever seen 他见过的虐待儿童最残忍的一例 * This is the worst essay I've read. 这是我看过的最差的文章. * What you've told me confirms my worst fears, ie proves they were right. 你说的话证实了我最担心的事（果然属实）. Cf 参看 worse. 2 (idm 习语) one's ,own worst `enemy person whose own faults are worse than the bad things that have happened to him; the cause of one's own misfortunes 自讨苦吃的人; 自己不幸的根源: * With her indecisiveness, she is her own worst enemy. 她优柔寡断, 自己害了自己. 派生： worst adv most badly 最坏; 最糟; 最差: Bill played badly, James played worse, and I played worst of all! 比尔演奏得很差, 詹姆斯演奏得更差, 我演奏得最差! * Manufacturing industry was worst affected by the fuel shortage. 由於燃料短缺受到影响, 制造业首当其冲. * He is one of the worst dressed men I know. 他在我认识的人里穿着最差. Cf 参看 worseadv. worst n 1 the worst [sing] the most bad part, state, event, possibility, etc 最坏的部分、 情况、 事情、 可能性等: The worst of the storm is now over. 暴风雨最厉害的一阵现在已经过去了. * When they did not hear from her, they feared the worst. 他们那时听不到她的消息, 唯恐发生了最糟的事. * I was prepared for the worst when I saw the wrecked car. 我见到了出事的汽车, 心里已经想到了最坏的可能性. * She was always optimistic, even when things were at their worst. 她即使在最糟糕的时候也总是非常乐观. * The worst of it is that I can't even be sure if they received my cheque. 最糟糕的是我都不清楚他们是否收到了我的支票. 2 (idm 习语) at (the) `worst if the worst happens 若出现最坏的情况: At worst we'll have to sell the house so as to settle our debts. 实在没办法我们就得把房子卖了还债. bring out the best/worst in sb => best3. do one's `worst be as difficult, unpleasant, harmful, etc as possible 做出最坏的事: We'll carry on as arranged and they can do their worst. 我们还按我们的计画办事, 他们想怎麽使坏就随他们便吧. get the `worst of it be defeated 被打败: The dog had been fighting and had obviously got the worst of it. 那条狗掐过架而且显然吃了败仗. if the ,worst comes to the `worst if circumstances become too difficult or dangerous; if the plan fails 若情况太困难或太危险; 若计画失败: If the worst comes to the worst, we'll have to cancel our holiday plans. 要是情况不妙, 我们就只好取消度假计画了.

worst1
worst v [Tn] defeat (sb) in a fight or competition 在斗争或竞争中打败（某人）: England were worsted in the replay. 英格兰队在重赛中败北.

worsted
[5wustid; 5wustid] n [U] (a) fine twisted woollen yarn or thread 精纺的毛纱或绒线. (b) cloth made from this 精纺毛料: * [attrib 作定语] a worsted suit 一套毛料西装.

worth
[wE:W; wEW] adj [pred 作表语] 1 having a certain value 有某种价值: * Our house is worth about 60000. 我们的房子约值60000英镑. * I paid only 3000 for this used car but it's worth a lot more. 我只花了3000英镑就买下了这辆旧汽车, 其价值远不止这些. * What's the old man worth? ie What is the value of his possessions? 这个老先生的财产值多少钱? * This contract isn't worth the paper it's written on, ie It is worthless. 这份合同的价值还比不上写合同的这张纸呢. 2 (sometimes followed by the -ing form of a v 有时後接动词的-ing形式) giving or likely to give a satisfactory or rewarding return for (doing sth) 值得（做某事）; 有（做某事）的价值: * The book is worth reading/It's worth reading the book. 这本书值得一读. * He felt that his life was no longer worth living. 他觉得他的生命已经没有再活下去的价值了. * It's an idea that's worth considering. 这是个值得考虑的意见. * It's such a small point that it's hardly worth troubling about. 这个问题很小, 不值得研究. * It's not worth the effort/the trouble. 不值得费那个事. * The scheme is well worth a try. 这个计画倒值得一试. 3 (idm 习语) a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush => bird. for ,all one is `worth (infml 口) with all one's energy and effort 竭尽全力: * The thief ran off down the road, so I chased him for all I was worth. 那个贼顺着马路逃跑, 我就拼命紧追不舍. for ,what it's `worth however much or little importance or value sth has 无论某事物价值如何: * And that's my opinion, for what it's worth. 这就是我的意见, 也别管有用没用吧. the game is not worth the candle => game1. not worth a `damn, a `straw, a `red cent, a tinker's `cuss, etc (infml 口) worthless 毫无价值: * Their promises are not worth a damn. 他们的承诺分文不值. `worth it certain or very likely to repay the money, effort or time given 很值得:

worth1
* The new car cost a lot of money, but it's certainly worth it. 买这辆新汽车花了很多钱, 但确实物有所值.* I don't bother to iron handkerchiefs it's not worth it. 我可不费那个事去熨手绢儿--犯不上. ,worth one's `salt deserving what one earns; doing one's job competently 值得雇用; 称职: * Any teacher worth his salt knows that. 只要不是混饭吃的教师, 都明白这一点. ,worth one's/its ,weight in `gold extremely helpful, useful, etc; invaluable 非常有用的; 无价的: * A reliable car is worth its weight in gold. 靠得住的汽车就是无价之宝. ,worth sb's `while profitable or interesting to sb对某人有利益或有好处: * It would be (well) worth your while/You would find it (well) worth your while to come to the meeting. 你要是参加了这个会议就会觉得很有好处. * They promised to make it worth her while (ie pay or reward her) if she would take part. 他们许诺说她要是参加就一定给她报酬. 派生： worth n [U] 1 ~ of sth (preceeded by a n indicating amount, duration, etc 用於表示数量、 持续时间等的名词之後) (a) amount of sth that a specified sum of money will buy （某物的）值某金额的量: The thieves stole 1 million worth of jewellery. 窃贼偷走了价值100万英镑的珠宝. * ten pounds' worth of petrol 十英镑的汽油. (b) amount of sth that will last for a specified length of time （某物的）能持续某段时间的量: a day's worth of fuel 能用一天的燃料 * two weeks' worth of supplies 能维持两个星期的供应品. 2 value or usefulness 价值; 用处: items of great, little, not much, etc worth 很有、 简直没有、 没什麽...用处的物件 * people of worth in the community 社区里的重要人物. worthless adj 1 having no value or usefulness 无价值的; 没用的: worthless old rubbish 没用的破烂货 * This contract is now worthless. 这份合同现在毫无价值了. 2 (of a person) having bad qualities （指人）品质坏的: a worthless character 品质坏的人. worthlessness n [U].

worth2
复合： worthwhile/wE:W'wail; 7wEW'wail] adj important, interesting or rewarding enough to justify the time, money or effort that is spent 值得的; 值得花时间、 钱或精力的: * It's worthwhile taking the trouble to explain a job fully to new employees. 给新雇员详细解释一下工作要求, 费点事也是值得的. * Nursing is a very worthwhile career. 护理工作是很值得干的职业.

worthy
[5wE:Ti; 5wETi] adj (-ier, -iest) 1 [pred 作表语] ~ of sth/to do sth deserving sth or to do sth 应得某事物; 值得做某事: * Their efforts are worthy of your support.他们这样努力应得到你的支持. * a statement worthy of contempt 应该鄙弃的说法 * Her achievements are worthy of the highest praise. 她的成就值得给予最高赞赏. * She said she was not worthy to accept the honour they had offered her. 她说她不配接受他们给予的荣誉. 2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (a) (approv 褒) deserving respect or consideration 值得尊敬的; 值得考虑的: * a worthy cause 崇高的事业 * a worthy record of achievements 以往的突出的成就. (b) (usu joc 通常作戏谑语) (esp of a person) deserving respect or recognition （尤指人）应受到尊敬或赏识的: * the worthy citizens of the town 该镇中应受敬重的市民. 3 [pred 作表语] ~ of sb/sth (usu approv 通常作褒义) (a) suitable for sth 适合於某事物: * It was difficult to find words worthy of the occasion. 很难找到适合於那种场合的言词. (b) typical of sb/sth 某人[某事物]的典型: * It was a performance worthy of a master. 那是大师的典型表演. 派生： worthily[-ili; -ili] adv. worthiness n [U]. worthy n (esp joc 尤作戏谑语) person of importance or distinction 要人; 俊杰: One of the local worthies has been invited to the ceremony 本地的一个大人物已被邀请参加典礼. -worthy (forming compound adjs 用以构成复合形容词) deserving of or suitable for the thing specified 值得...的; 应...的; 适於...的: noteworthy * roadworthy.

would
1[wEd; wEd; strong form 强读式 wud; wud] ; modal v (contracted form 缩约式 'd/d; d] ; neg 否定式 would not, contracted form 缩约式 wouldn't[5wudnt; 5wudnt] )1 (a) (used with have + a past participle to describe the consequence of an imagined event 与have +过去分词连用, 表示一设想事情的结果): * If he shaved his beard he would look much younger. 他要是把胡子刮了就少相多了. * If you went to see him, he would be delighted. 倘若你去看他, 他一定非常高兴. * I would think about it very carefully, if I were you. 我要是你的话, 我就十分慎重地考虑这件事. (b) (used with have + a past participle to describe a hypothetical action or event in the past 与have +过去分词连用, 表示假想的过去的动作或事情): * If I had seen the advertisement I would have applied for the job. 我要是看见那个广告了, 我就申请那份工作了. * If she hadn't gone back for the letter, she wouldn't have missed the bus. 要不是她回去取信, 她就不至於错过那辆公共汽车了. (c) (used to describe a hypothetical action or event in the present 用以表示假想的现在的动作或事情): * She'd be a fool to accept, ie if she accepted.她要是接受, 她就是个傻瓜. * Don't call her now it would make us late. 别现在给她打电话--现在打的话, 我们就迟到了. * It would be difficult to make an accurate forecast. 预报很难准确. * It would be a pity to miss the main film. 要是赶不上看这部电影的正片就太可惜了. * I would start from this end. 要是开始做, 我就从这一头开始. * Would I be able to help? 我能帮上忙吗? 2 (a) (used in making polite requests 用以提出客气的请求): * Would you pay me in cash, please? 请您付给我现金行吗? * You wouldn't have the time to phone him now, would you? 您现在没有那麽多时间给他打电话, 是吧? (b) (used with imagine, say, think, etc to give tentative opinions 与imagine、 say、 think等连用, 表达试探性的意见):

would1
* I would imagine the operation will take about an hour. 我猜想这个手术大概需要一个小时左右吧. 3 (a) (used in offers or invitations 用以提出建议或邀请): * Would you like a sandwich? 您想吃叁明治吗? * Would they like to sit down? 请他们坐下好吗? * Would she like to borrow my bicycle? 她想借用我的自行车吗? (b) (used with like, love, hate, prefer, be glad/happy, etc to express preferences 与like、 love、 hate、 prefer、 be glad/happy等连用, 表达较合意愿的做法): * I'd love a coffee. 我倒想喝杯咖啡. * I'd hate you to think I was criticizing you. 我可不愿意让你觉得我是在批评你. * I'd be only too glad to help. 我非常愿意帮帮忙. 4 (used when commenting on characteristic behaviour 用以评论特有的行为): * That's just what he `would say, ie what he might be expected to say. 他就是爱说这种话. * It `would rain (ie How typical it is of our weather that it should rain) on the day we chose for a picnic! 我们哪天去野餐, 它哪天就准下雨! 5 (used after so that, in order that to express purpose 用於so that、 in order that之後, 表示目的): * She burned the letters so that her husband would never read them. 她把信都烧了, 这样一来她丈夫就绝对看不见了. =>Usage 3 at may 见may所附用法第3项. 复合： `would-be adj [attrib 作定语] having the hope of becoming (the type of person specified) 有希望成为（所说的那样的人）的: a would-be artist, model, bride, etc 即将成为艺术家、 模特儿、 新娘...的人.

wound
1[wu:nd; wund] n 1 (a) injury caused deliberately to part of the body by cutting, shooting, etc, esp as the result of an attack 伤, 创伤（尤指受攻击造成的）: * He died after receiving two bullet wounds in the head. 他头部中了两颗子弹而死. * The wound was healing slowly. 伤口慢慢愈合了. (b) cut or tear done to the outer surface of a plant or tree （对花草树外皮的）切割或剥离. 2 ~ (to sth) hurt done to a person's feelings, reputation, etc （对人的感情、 名誉等的）伤害: * deep psychological wounds 很深的心理创伤 * The defeat was a wound to his pride. 这次失败伤了他的自尊心. 3 (idm 习语) lick one's wounds => lick. rub salt into the wound/sb's wounds => rub2. 派生： wound v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] 1 give a wound to (sb) 伤, 伤害（某人）: Ten soldiers were killed and thirty seriously wounded. 有十名士兵阵亡, 叁十名重伤. * The guard was wounded in the leg. 护卫员腿部受了伤. 2 hurt (sb's feelings, reputation, etc) 伤, 伤害（某人的感情、 名誉等）: He was/felt deeply wounded by their disloyalty. 因为他们不忠, 他十分伤心. * wounding criticism伤人感情的批评. the wounded n [pl v] wounded people 受伤的人; 伤员: The hospital was full of the sick and wounded. 医院里挤满了伤病员. * Many of the wounded died on their way to hospital. 许多伤员死在去医院的途中了. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Wound and injure both indicate physical damage to the body. *wound和injure均指对身体的伤害. A person is wounded by a sharp instrument or bullet tearing the flesh. *wound指利器或子弹对肉体造成的伤害. It is a deliberate action, often connected with battles and war. 这种伤害是故意的行为, 常与作战及战争有关. People are usuallyinjured in an accident, eg with a machine or in sport. *injure通常指人在意外事故中受到的伤害, 如由机器造成的或在运动中受到的伤害. Compare In a war there are many more wounded than killed and In the coach crash 10 people died and 18 were seriously injured. 试比较这两个句子: ‘在一场战争中, 受伤的远比死亡的人多’和‘在这次旅游车撞车事故中, 有10人死亡, 18人重伤’. Hurt may be as serious as injure or it may relate to a minor pain *hurt指的伤害可与injure同样严重, 也可指比较轻的疼痛: They were badly hurt in the accident. 他们在事故中受了重伤.

wound1
* I hurt my back lifting that box. 我抬那个箱子的时候伤了後背.

wove
pt of weave.

woven
pp of weave.

wow
1[wau; wau] interj (infml 口) (used to express astonishment or admiration 用以表示惊奇或钦佩): * Wow! That car certainly goes fast! ! 那辆汽车开得可真叫快! 派生： wow n [sing] (sl 俚) very great success 极大的成功: The new play at the National Theatre's a wow. 国家剧院上演的那出新剧极为轰动. wow v [Tn] (sl 俚 esp US) fill (sb) with admiration or enthusiasm; impress greatly 激发（某人）仰慕或欣喜 之情; 使大为赞赏: The new musical wowed them on Broadway. 那出新的歌舞喜剧在百老汇众口交赞.

WP
[7dQblju: 'pi:; 7dQblju 'pi] abbr 缩写 = word processing; word processor: * typing a letter on the WP 用文字处理机打一封信.

wpb
[7dQblju: pi: 'bi:; 7dQblju pi 'bi] abbr 缩写 = (Brit infml 口) waste-paper basket.

WPC
[7dQblju: pi: 'si:; 7dQblju pi 'si] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) woman police constable 女警察: * WPC (Linda) Green （琳达．）格林女警察. Cf 参看 PC 1, PW.

wpm
[7dQblju: pi: 'em; 7dQblju pi 'em] abbr 缩写 = words per minute 每分钟字数: * 60 wpm, eg typing, taking shorthand, etc 每分钟60个字（如打字、 速记等）.

WPS
[7dQblju: pi: 'es; 7dQblju pi 'es] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) woman police sergeant 女巡佐: * WPS (Jane) Bell （简．）贝尔女巡佐. Cf 参看 PS 1.

WRAC
[ 9dQblju: B:r eI 5si: or, in informal use, 俗读作 rk; 9dQbljJ Br e `si, rAk] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Women's Royal Army Corps 皇家陆军妇女队: * join the WRACs 加入皇家陆军妇女队.

wrack
[rAk; rAk] n [U] seaweed that grows on the shore or has been thrown onto it by the waves (and used as manure, etc) （在海岸上长的或冲到海岸上的）海草（用作肥料等）.

WRAF
[ 9dQblju: B:r eI 5ef or, in informal use, 俗读作 rf; 9dQbljJ Br e `Zf, rAf] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Women's Royal Air Force 皇家空军妇女队: * join the WRAF 加入皇家空军妇女队.

wraith
[reiW; reW] n ghostly image of a person seen shortly before or after his death; ghost 活人的灵魂（人临终前後显现的）; 鬼魂: * a wraith-like figure, ie a very thin pale person 瘦骨嶙峋、 面色苍白如鬼魂的人.

wrangle
[5rANgl; 5rANgl] n ~ (with sb) (about/over sth) noisy or angry argument or dispute (with sb) (about sth) （与某人）（为某事）争吵或争辩: * They were involved in a long legal wrangle (with the company) (over payment).他们（与那家公司）（在付款问题上）陷入长期的法律纠纷中. 派生： wrangle v [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb) (about/over sth) take part in a wrangle (with sb) (about sth) （与某人）（为某事）争吵或争辩: The children were wrangling (with each other) over the new toy. 孩子为新玩具（互相）争吵.

wrap
[rAp; rAp] v (-pp-) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) (in sth) cover or enclose sth (in soft or flexible material) （用软的或可弯曲的材料）包或裹某物: * I have wrapped (up) the parcels and they're ready to be posted. 我把包裹都包好了, 可以寄出去了. * The Christmas presents were wrapped (up) in tissue paper. 圣诞礼物都用薄纸裹起来了. 2 (a) [Tn.pr] ~ sth round/around sb/sth wind or fold (a piece of material) round sb/sth as covering or protection 将（一块材料）缠绕或围住某人[某物]（加以遮盖或保护）: * Wrap a scarf round your neck. 把围巾围在你的脖子上. * He wrapped a clean rag around his ankle. 他把一小块乾净的布缠住脚腕. (b) [Tn.pr, Tn.p esp passive 尤用於被动语态] ~ sb/sth in sth put sb/sth in (a piece of material) as a covering or protection 将某人[某物]置於（一块材料）中（加以遮盖或保护）: * The nurse carried in a baby wrapped (up) in a warm blanket. 保母抱着个孩子进来, 孩子身上裹着暖暖的毯子. 3 (idm 习语) be wrapped in sth be thickly covered by sth so that nothing is visible 被遮掩得完全看不见: * The hills were wrapped in mist. 小山隐没在浓雾之中. * (fig 比喻) The events are wrapped in mystery. 这些事情隐藏在神秘的气氛之中. be wrapped up in sb/sth have one's attention deeply occupied by sb/sth; be deeply involved in sb/sth 注意力完全集中於某人[某事物]; 与某人[某事物]难解难分: * They are completely wrapped up in their children. 他们把全部精力都用在孩子身上了. * She was so wrapped up in her work that she didn't realize how late it was. 她只顾埋头工作, 没意识到天已经很晚了. wrap sb up in cotton wool (infml 口) protect sb too much from dangers or risks 过分保护某人: * She keeps all her children wrapped up in cotton wool. 她把子女照顾得未免过头了. 5 (phr v) wrap (it) up (usu in the imperative 通常用於祈使句) (sl 俚) be quiet; shut up 安静; 住嘴. wrap (sb/oneself) up put warm clothes on (sb/oneself) 给（某人[自己]）穿上暖和的衣物:

wrap1
* Wrap up warm(ly)! It's very cold outside. 穿暖和点! 外面很冷. wrap sth up (infml 口) complete (a task, a discussion, an agreement, etc) 完成（任务）; 进行完（讨论）; 签订完（协议）: * The salesman had already wrapped up a couple of deals by lunch-time. 那个售货员在午饭前已经做完了几笔生意. wrap sth up (in sth) obscure (what one is saying) by using difficult or unnecessary words （用晦涩的或多馀的词语）使（说的话）费解: * Why does he have to wrap it all up in such complicated language? 他为什麽非得用这麽艰深的语言说话呢? 派生： wrap n 1 outer garment, eg a scarf, shawl or cloak 罩在外面的衣物（如围巾、 披肩或斗篷）. 2 (idm 习语) under `wraps (infml 口) secret or hidden 保密; 隐藏: The documents will stay/be kept under wraps for ten more years. 这些文件要再保密十年. wrapper n piece of material, usu paper, that covers sth such as a sweet, book, or newspaper that is posted （包装糖果、 书籍或邮寄报纸等用的）包装材料（通常指纸）: Please put all your sweet wrappers in the bin. 请把你们的糖纸都放进垃圾箱里去. wrapping n (a) [C] thing used to cover or wrap up sth 用作遮盖或包裹某物的东西: the wrappings round a mummy 用以裹木乃伊的东西. (b) [U] material used for covering or packing sth 用作盖住或包装某物的材料: Put plenty of wrapping round the china when you pack it. 包装瓷器时在周围多放些包装材料. `wrapping paperstrong or decorative paper for wrapping parcels or presents （结实的或装饰性的）包装纸.

wrath
[rCW; - rAW; rAW] n [U] (fml or dated 文或旧) extreme anger 怒气; 怒火: * the wrath of God 上帝的愤怒* The children's unruly behaviour incurred the headteacher's wrath. 小学生不守规矩惹得校长发怒. > wrathful[-fl; -fEl] adj. wrathfully[-fEli; -fEli] adv.

wreak
[ri:k; rik] v (fml 文) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (on sb) carry out (revenge or vengeance) on sb; inflict sth 向某人报（仇）; 使（某人）遭受（打击、 惩罚等）: * wreak vengeance on one's enemy 向仇人报仇 * wreak one's fury on sb 对某人发脾气. 2 (idm 习语) play/wreak havoc with sth => havoc.

wreath
[ri:W; riW] n (pl ~s/ri:Tz; riTz] ) 1 (a) arrangement of flowers and leaves twisted or woven into a circle and placed on a grave, etc as a mark of respect for the dead 花圈: * to lay wreaths at the war memorial 向阵亡将士纪念碑献花圈. (b) circle of flowers or leaves worn as a mark of honour round sb's head or neck; garland 花环; 花冠: * a laurel wreath 桂冠. 2 ring or coil of smoke, cloud, etc （烟、 云等的）圈: * wreaths of mist 薄雾缭绕.

wreathe
[ri:T; riT] v 1 [usu passive 通常用於被动语态: * Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in/with sth) cover or surround sth (by sth) 遮盖或环绕某事物: * The display was wreathed in/with laurel. 展品周围环绕着月桂树叶. * The hills were wreathed in mist. 小山笼罩在薄雾之中. * (fig 比喻) Her face was wreathed in smiles, ie she was smiling a lot. 她笑容可掬. 2 [Tn.pr] ~ oneself/sth round sb/sth wind oneself, one's arms, etc round sb/sth 将自己、 手臂等环绕某人[某物]: * The snake wreathed itself round the branch. 那条蛇盘绕在树枝上. 3 [Ipr, Ip] (of smoke, mist, etc) move in rings or coils （指烟、 雾等）缭绕: * Smoke wreathed slowly upwards. 烟气袅袅.

wreck
[rek; rek] n [C] 1 (a) vehicle, aeroplane, etc that has been badly damaged, esp in an accident 严重损毁的车、 飞机等（尤指在事故中）: * The collision reduced the car to a useless wreck. 那辆汽车在碰撞事故中成了一堆废铁. (b) ship that has been destroyed or badly damaged, esp in a storm 破碎或严重损毁的船（尤指在暴风雨中）: * Two wrecks block the entrance to the harbour. 两艘船的残骸堵塞了通往港口的入口. 2 (usu sing 通常作单数) (infml 口) person whose physical or mental health has been seriously damaged 身体或精神严重受损伤的人: * The stroke left him a helpless wreck. 他患中风之後成了不能自理的废人. * Worry about the business has turned her into a nervous wreck. 她生意上的烦恼事把她愁得不成人样了. 派生： wreck v [Tn] destroy or ruin (sth) 毁坏或毁灭（某 物）: The road was littered with wrecked cars. 公路上弃置着撞坏的汽车. * Vandals completely wrecked the train. 恣意破坏公物的人把那列车完全毁了. * They had been wrecked (ie shipwrecked) off the coast of Africa. 他们的船在非洲沿海遇难损毁. * (fig 比喻) The weather wrecked all our plans. 天气恶劣, 我们的计画全毁了. wreckern 1 person who wrecks sth 破坏某事物的人. 2 (US) vehicle used to tow away cars, lorries, etc that have broken down, been damaged, etc （拖走出事汽车等的）拖车. wreckage[5rekidV; 5rekidV] n [U] remains of sth that has been wrecked （遭损毁之物的）残骸: * Wreckage of the aircraft was scattered over a wide area. 那架飞机的残骸散布范围很大. * (fig 比喻) attempts to save something from the wreckage of his political career （他）想从毁掉的政治生涯中再捞一把的各种做法.

wren
[ren; ren] n type of very small brown songbird with short wings 鹪鹩.

wrench
[rentF; rentF] v 1 [Tn.pr, Tn.p, Cn.a] ~ sth off (sth); ~ sb/sth away twist or pull sb/sth violently away from sth 猛扭或猛拉某人[某物]使之脱离某物: * to wrench a door off its hinges 把门从合叶处拉脱 * He wrenched his arm away. 他用力把手臂挣脱开. * He managed to wrench himself free. 他把身体挣脱出来了. 2 [Tn] injure (one's ankle, shoulder, etc) by twisting 扭伤（踝、 肩等）: * She must have wrenched her ankle when she fell. 她准是跌倒时把脚腕子给产歪了. 派生： wrench n 1 [C usu sing 通常作单数] sudden and violent twist or pull 猛扭; 猛拉: He pulled the handle off with a wrench. 他用力一拉就把把手拉下来了. * She stumbled and gave her ankle a painful wrench, ie twisted it by accident. 她绊了一跤, 把脚产歪得很疼. 2 [sing] painful parting or separation 痛苦的离别或分开: Leaving home was a terrible wrench for him. 他觉得离开家十分痛苦. 3 [C] (esp US) = spanner.

wrest
[rest; rest] v 1 [Tn.pr] ~ sth from sb take sth away from sb violently 从某人处抢夺某物: * wrest the gun from his grasp 把枪从他手中夺过来. 2 [Tn.pr] ~ sth from sb/sth obtain sth from sb/sth by a hard struggle奋力从某人[某物]处获得某事物: * wrest a confession from sb 费力取得某人的供词 * Foreign investors are trying to wrest control of the firm from the family. 外国投资者尽力从这个家族手中夺取对公司的控制权.

wrestle
[5resl; 5resl] v 1 (a) [I, Ipr] ~ (with sb) fight (esp as a sport) by grappling with sb and trying to throw him to the ground 摔交（尤指运动）: * Can you wrestle? 你会摔交吗? * The guards wrestled with the intruders. 护卫员同闯入的人扭打起来. (b) [Tn.pr] force (sb) to the ground by wrestling 将（某人）摔倒在地上: * He wrestled his opponent to the floor/ground. 他把对手摔倒在地上. 2 [Ipr] ~ with sth struggle to deal with or overcome sth 奋力对付或制服某事物: * wrestle with a problem, a difficulty, one's conscience 努力解决难题、 克服困难、 与良心搏斗 * The pilot was wrestling with the controls. 那个飞行员尽力控制住操纵装置. 派生： wrestle n 1 wrestling match 摔交比赛. 2 ~ (with sth) hard struggle 艰苦奋斗; 努力争斗: a wrestle with one's conscience 与良心搏斗. wrestler[5reslE(r); 5resll] n person who takes part in the sport of wrestling 摔交运动员. wrestling[5resliN; 5resliN] n [U] sport in which people wrestle 摔交运动: * watch (the) wrestling on television 看电视节目中的摔交运动.

wretch
[retF; retF] n 1 very unfortunate or miserable person 非常不幸的或痛苦的人: * a poor half-starved wretch一个可怜的饿的半死的家伙. 2 evil or nasty person 坏人; 狠毒的人: * the despicable wretch who stole the old woman's money 偷了老太婆钱的那个卑鄙的家伙.3 (infml derog esp joc 口, 贬, 尤用於戏谑语) rogue or rascal 无赖; 流氓: * You wretch! You've taken the book I wanted. 你这个坏蛋! 你把我想要的书拿走了.

wretched
[5retFid; 5retFid] adj 1 (a) very unhappy; miserable or pitiable 极不愉快的; 悲惨的; 可怜的: * the wretched survivors of the earthquake 地震後可怜的幸存者 * His stomach-ache made him feel wretched (ie ill) all day. 他胃疼得整天十分难受. (b) causing unhappiness or misery 令人苦恼或难受的: * lead a wretched existence in the slums 在贫民窟中过着悲惨的日子. 2 of very poor quality; very bad 质量极劣的; 极坏的: * wretched weather 恶劣的天气 * The hotel food was absolutely wretched. 这家旅馆的饭菜糟透了. 3 [attrib 作定语] (infml 口) (used to express annoyance 用以表示恼怒) damned 该死的: * The wretched car won't start! 这辆倒霉汽车就是发动不起来! * It's that wretched cat again! 又是那只该死的猫! > wretchedly adv. wretchedness n [U].

wriggle
[5rigl; 5rigl] v 1 [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] (cause sth to) make quick, short, twisting and turning movements （使某物）扭动, 蠕动, 蜿蜒行进: * Stop wriggling (about) and sit still! 不要扭来扭去, 坐着别动! * I can't brush your hair if you keep wriggling all the time. 你要是一直扭来扭去, 我就没法给你梳头了. * The baby was wriggling its toes. 那个小孩扭动着脚趾. 2 [La, Ipr, Ip, Tn.pr, Tn.p, Cn.a] move or make (one's way) in the specified direction with wriggling movements 沿某方向扭动、 蠕动或蜿蜒行进: * The thieves left her tied up with rope but she wriggled (herself) free. 窃贼用绳子把她捆了起来, 但她扭动着（身子）挣脱开了. * The eel wriggled out of my fingers. 那条白工从我指缝中一扭就滑走了. * They managed to wriggle (their way) through the thick hedge.他们设法钻过了厚厚的树篱. * He had to wriggle his way out. 他得扭着身子才钻了出来. 3 (phr v) wriggle out of sth/doing sth (infml 口) avoid (doing) an unpleasant task by being cunning or by making excuses 靠耍滑或找藉口避免（做）（讨厌的工作）: * It's your turn to take the dog for a walk don't try to wriggle out of it. 轮到你把狗带出去遛一遛了--别想逃避不做. * She managed to wriggle out of answering all the questions. 她支吾其词避免回答一切问题. 派生： wriggle n (usu sing 通常作单数) wriggling movement扭动; 蠕动; 蜿蜒行进. wriggly[5rigli; 5rigli] adj.

wring
[riN; riN] v (pt, pp wrung/rQN; rQN] ) 1 (a) [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (out) twist and squeeze sth in order to remove liquid from it 拧或绞某物使液体流出: * He wrung the clothes (out) before putting them on the line to dry. 他把衣服拧乾後晾到绳子上. (b) [Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sth out (of sth) remove (a liquid) from sth in this way 拧出或绞出（液体）: * Wring the water out of your wet bathing costume. 把你的游泳衣里的水拧出去. 2 [Tn.pr] ~ sth out of/from sb extract or obtain sth from sb with effort or difficulty 用力或费力从某人处榨出或取得某事物: * wring a confession from sb 千方百计逼出某人的供词 * They managed to wring a promise out of her. 他们多方设法挤兑她应允了. 3 [Tn] squeeze (sb's hand) firmly and warmly when shaking hands as a greeting 紧握（某人的手）（热情欢迎时）. 4 [Tn] twist (a bird's neck) in order to kill it 拧（鸟的脖子）（为弄死）. 5 [Tn] have a deep effect on (sb's heart or soul), causing sb to feel great sadness and pity 在（某人心灵）上产生深刻影响（使之感到伤心或怜悯）: * The plight of the refugees really wrung my heart. 难民处境惨苦真叫我牵肠割肚. 6 (idm 习语) ,wring one's `hands squeeze and twist one's hands together as a sign of anxiety, sadness or despair 搓双手（以示焦急、 难过或绝望）: * It's no use just wringing our hands we must do something to help. 咱们光急得搓手没有用--得想办法帮帮忙. ,wring sb's `neck (infml 口) (used as an expression of anger or as a threat 用作气愤或威胁用语) strangle sb 掐死某人: * If I find the person who did this, I'll wring his neck! 我要是找出这是谁干的, 我非掐死他不可! 派生： wring n (usu sing 通常作单数) act of wringing clothes, etc 拧或绞衣物等: Give the towels another wring. 把毛巾再拧一拧吧. wringer[5riNE(r); 5riNl] n device with a pair of rollers between which washed clothes, etc are passed so that water is squeezed out 绞衣机（绞乾衣物中的水用的）. Cf 参看 mangle2.

wring1
wringing[5riNiN; 5riNiN] adj (also ,wringing `wet) (of clothes, etc) so wet that a lot of water can be wrung out （指衣物等）湿得可拧出许多水来的.

wrinkle
[5riNkl; 5riNkl] n 1 (usu pl 通常作复数) small fold or line in the skin, esp one of those on the face that are caused by age （皮肤上的）皱纹（尤指老人脸上的）: * She's beginning to get wrinkles around her eyes. 她眼角上开始出现皱纹了. 2 raised fold in a piece of material, eg paper or cloth; small crease （材料上的）皱纹（如纸上或布上的）; 小褶: * She pressed her skirt to try to remove all the wrinkles. 她熨她的裙子, 想把褶儿都熨平. 3 (infml 口) useful hint or suggestion; tip 好主意; 好点子. 派生： wrinkle v 1 [I, Tn] (cause sth to) form wrinkles （使某物）形成皱纹或皱褶: The paper has wrinkled where it got wet. 这张纸湿的地方起皱褶了. * Too much sunbathing will wrinkle your skin. 皮肤晒得过分就能起皱纹. 2 [Tn] draw up (the nose, forehead, etc) into lines or creases by tightening the muscles 皱起（鼻子、 前额等）: He wrinkled his brow, confused and worried by the strange events. 他皱着眉头, 觉得这些怪事莫名其妙又十分担心. wrinkled[5riNkld; 5riNkld] adj having or showing wrinkles 有皱纹的; 显出皱纹的: * his old wrinkled face 他因年老布满皱纹的脸 * wrinkled socks 有皱褶的短袜. wrinkly[5riNkli; 5riNkli] adj having or forming wrinkles 有皱纹的; 起皱纹的: * an old apple with a wrinkly skin 一个放陈了而起皱褶的苹果.

wrist
[rist; rist] n (a) part of the body between the hand and the forearm; joint on which the hand moves 腕; 腕部; 腕关节. =>illus at hand 见hand插图. (b) part of a garment that covers this （衣服的）腕部. 复合： `wrist-watch n watch attached to a strap or bracelet and worn on the wrist 手表.

wristlet
[5ristlit; 5ristlit] n band or bracelet worn round the wrist to strengthen or protect it or as an ornament 护腕; 手镯.

writ
[rit; rit] n formal legal written order to do or not to do sth, issued by a court of law or a person in authority 书面命令; 令状: * serve sb with a writ (ie deliver a writ to sb officially) for libel 向被控犯诽谤罪的某人送交令状. 派生： writ 1 (arch 古) pp of write. 2 (idm 习语) ,writ `large (fml or rhet 文或修辞) (a) easily or clearly recognizable; very obvious 可容易或清楚辨认的; 极明显的: Disappointment was writ large on the face of the loser. 输了的那个人脸上显出十分失望的神情. (b) in an emphasized form 以突出的或夸大的形式: This policy is liberalism writ large. 这项政策是扩大了的自由主义政策.

write
[rait; rait] v (pt wrote/rEut; rot] , pp written[5ritn; 5ritn] ) 1 [I, Ipr] make letters or other symbols on a surface (usu paper), esp with a pen or pencil 写; 写字; 书写: * The children are learning to read and write. 孩子们正在学习读书写字. * By the age of seven he could write beautifully. 他七岁时字就写得很漂亮了. * Please write on both sides of the paper, and don't write in the margin. 请在纸的正反两面书写, 但不要写在四周的边上. * You may write in biro or pencil. 你用圆珠笔或铅笔书写均可. 2 [Tn, Tn.pr] form (letters, symbols, words, messages, etc), esp on paper 写（字母、 符号、 字、 信息等）: * write capitals, Chinese characters, shorthand, etc 写大写字母、 写汉字、 做速记 * write one's name 写自己的名字 * write the answers in a book, on the blackboard, etc 在本子上、 在黑板上...写出答案. 3 [I] (of a pen, pencil, etc) be capable of being used for writing （指钢笔、 铅笔等）能用於书写, 能使用: * This pen won't write. 这枝钢笔写不出字来. * My new pen writes well. 我的新钢笔很好使. 4 (a) [Tn, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (for sb/sth) compose sth in written form (for sb/sth) 写作; 编写; 作曲: * write a book, film script, poem, symphony, etc 写书、 写电影剧本、 写诗、 创作交响乐曲 * Can you write me a story about your holiday? 你能不能给我写一篇你度假的见闻? * He writes a weekly column for the local newspaper. 他为当地报纸每周专栏撰写文章. (b) [I, Ipr] ~ (about/on sth) work as an author or journalist by writing about sth or for a newspaper, etc 当作者或新闻工作者: * He gave up his job in the factory in order to write, ie earn a living by writing. 他辞去工厂的职务, 专职写作. * She writes (about/on politics) for a weekly journal. 她为一家周刊写（政治性）文章. (c) [Tf, Tw] state in a book or magazine 在书中或杂志中表达:

write1
* In his latest book, he writes that the theory has been disproved. 他在最近写的书里说那种理论已证明不确. 5 (a) [I, Ipr, Tf, Tt, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ (sth) (to sb) write and send a letter (to sb) （给某人）写信并寄出: * Please write (to me) often while you're away. 你走後请常（给我）来信. * He wrote that he would be coming home soon. 他写信说他很快就要回家了. * They wrote to thank us/he wrote thanking us for the present. 他们[他]写信表示感谢我们赠送礼物. * She wrote him a long letter/wrote a long letter to him. 她给他写了一封很长的信. (b) [Tn, Dn.f, Dn.w] (esp US) write a letter to (sb) 给（某人）写信: * Write me when you get home. 你到家後给我写封信. * He wrote me that he would be arriving on Wednesday. 他写信告诉我说他星期叁到. 6 [Tn, Tn.p, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (out) (for sb) fill or complete (a sheet of paper, a document, the spaces in a form) with writing 写满（一张纸）; 填写（文件、 表格）: * She usually writes several pages when she makes her report. 她一写报告往往要写好几页. * He has written (out) 50 job applications.他已经写了50份求职申请书了. * I haven't any cash. I'll have to write you (out) a cheque. 我没有现金. 我得给你开张支票了. * In a day, a doctor may write (out) 30 prescriptions for patients. 一个医生一天可能要给病人开出30张处方. 7 [Tn] record (data) in or on any computer storage device or medium 将（数据）记录到计算机存储媒体上. 8 (idm 习语) be written all over sb's `face (usu of a quality or emotion) be very obvious from the expression on sb's face （通常指特质或情绪）形之於色: * Guilt was written all over his face. 他脸上明显流露着内疚的神情. have sb written all `over it (infml口) be obviously written, done, etc by the specified person 显然是某人写的、 干的等. nothing (much) to write `home about (infml 口) not outstanding or exceptional; ordinary 不突出的; 不特殊的; 平常的:

write2
* The play was nothing (much) to write home about. 这出戏很一般. 9 (phr v) write away (to sb/sth) (for sth) => write off/away (to sb/sth) (for sth). write back (to sb) write and send a letter in reply to sb （给某人）写回信; 覆信: I wrote back (to him) immediately to thank them for the invitation. 我立刻（给他）写了回信, 感谢他们盛情邀请. write sth down (a) put sth down in words on paper 将某事写在纸上: Write down the address before you forget it. 把地址写下来, 省得忘了. (b) (in accounting) reduce the nominal value of (stock, goods, etc) （在记帐时）减低（存货、 现货等）的帐面价值: the written-down value of the unsold stock 被降低了的存货价格. write in (to sb/sth) (for sth) write a letter to (an organization, a company, etc) to order sth, state an opinion, etc 给（某组织、 公司等）写信订购某物、 表示意见等: Thousands of people have written in to us for a free sample. 现已有数千人给我们来信索要免费样品. write sth/sb in (US politics 政) add (the name of a candidate) to a ballot paper if this does not include that name; vote for sb in this way 在选票上填写（非原定候选人的姓名）; 以这种方式选举. write sth into sth include sth as part of (a contract, an agreement, etc) 将某项内容写入（合同、 协议等）中: A penalty clause was written into the contract. 在合同中写入了一项罚款条款. write off/away (to sb/sth) (for sth) write to (an organization, a company, etc) to order sth or to ask for information about sth 给（某组织、 公司等）写信订购某物或询问情况: They wrote off (to the BBC) for the special booklet. 他们（给英国广播公司）写了信索要那种小册子. write sth off (a) recognize that sth is a loss or failure; cancel (a debt) 确认某事物已损失或无效; 勾销（某债项）: write off a debt, loss, etc 注销一项债款、 损失等 * write off 5000 for depreciation of machinery 因机器折旧削减5000英镑.

write3
(b) damage sth so badly that it is not worth repairing 严重损坏某物（而不值得修理）; 将某物报废: The driver escaped with minor injuries but the car was completely written off. 司机只受轻伤幸免於难, 但是汽车完全报废了. Cf 参看 write-off. write sb/ sth off regard sb/sth as a failure 认为某人[某事物]已经失败: He lost this match, but don't write him off as a future champion. 他输了这场比赛, 但不要以为他以後当不了冠军. * It seemed that everyone had written off their marriage even before it had been given a proper chance. 他们的婚姻出了问题, 还没等认真挽救, 似乎大家都认为已成分钗破镜. write sb/sth off as sth regard sb/sth as unimportant, not worth listening to, etc 认为某人[某事物]不重要、 不值得听等: It's easy to write him off as just an eccentric old bore. 乾脆把他看成是个古怪的讨厌家伙不去理他, 不就完了吗. write sth out (a) write sth in full or in its final form 将某事全部写出或写出其最後确定的样式: write out a report, cheque, prescription, etc 写成报告、 开出支票、 开出药方. (b) copy sth 誊写; 缮写; 抄写: Write out this word ten times so that you learn how to spell it. 把这个字抄写十遍就能记住怎麽拼写了. write sb out (of sth) remove (a character) from a continuing drama series on radio or television （从系列广播剧或电视剧中）除掉（某角色）: After playing the part for over 20 years, she was eventually written out (of the series). 她扮演了20多年的一个角色, 最後（从连续剧中）去掉了. write sth up (a) make a full written record of sth 详细写（某事）: write up one's lecture notes, the minutes of a meeting, etc 详细写出讲稿、 会议记录等 * write up one's diary, ie bring it up to date 记日记记到当日. (b) write a review of (a play, etc) or an account of (an event), usu for a newspaper 写（戏剧等）的评论或（事情）的报道（通常指为报纸）: I'm writing up the film for the local paper. 我现在为本地报纸写影评. Cf 参看 write-up.

write4
派生： written adj (to be) expressed in writing, rather than in speech 书面的（非口头的）: a written examination, request, message 笔试、 书面请求、 书面信息 * a written confirmation, agreement, evidence 书面的确认、 协议、 证据. the ,written `word language expressed in writing 书面语言. 复合： `write-off n thing, esp a vehicle, that is so badly damaged that it is not worth repairing 严重损毁而不值得修理的东西; （尤指）报废的车: After the accident, the car was a complete write-off. 出事以後, 那辆汽车完全报废了. `write-up n written or published account of an event, review of a play, etc 记述; 报道; （戏剧等的）评论: His latest play got/was given an enthusiastic write-up in the local press. 他的最新剧本获得当地新闻界的热情赞扬.

writer
[5raitE(r); 5raitl] n 1 (a) person who writes or has written sth 书写的人: * the writer of this letter 写这封信的人. (b) (with an adj 与形容词连用) person who forms letters in a certain way when writing 以某方式书写的人: * a neat, messy, etc writer 书写整齐、 潦草...的人. 2 person whose job is to write books, stories, etc; author 作者; 作家; 着者: * a short-story writer 短篇小说家 * a writer of poetry 诗人. 复合： ,writer's `cramp pain or stiffness in the hand, caused by writing for a long time 书写痉挛（因长久书写引起手部的疼痛或强直）.

writhe
[raiT; raiT] v 1 [I, Ip] (of sb or sb's body) twist or roll about, esp because of great pain （指某人或身体）扭动或翻滚（尤指因巨痛）: * the writhing coils of a snake 蛇身体扭动盘绕成的圈 * The patient was writhing (about) on the bed in agony. 病人疼得在床上直打滚. 2 [I, Ipr] ~ (at/under sth); ~ (with sth) suffer mental agony (because of sth) （因某事物）遭受精神痛苦: * writhe under sb's insults 因遭某人侮辱而苦恼 * Her remarks made him writhe with shame. 她的话羞得他十分难堪.

writing
[5raitiN; 5raitiN] n 1 [U] activity or occupation of writing (esp books) 写; 书写; 写作; 写作的职业: * She doesn't earn much from her writing. 她写作得到的收入不多. * Writing is a solitary pastime. 写作是独自一人的消遣. * [attrib 作定语] writing materials, eg pens, paper, ink 书写用具（如钢笔、 纸、 墨水）. 2 [U] written or printed words 书写的或印刷的文字: * There is some writing on the other side of the page. 这一页的反面有些字. * The writing on the stone was very faint. 这块石头上的字迹很模糊. 3 [U] style of written material 文风: * He is admired for the elegance of his writing. 他文风高雅令人钦佩. 4 [U] way in which a person forms letters when writing; handwriting （个人的）字迹; 笔迹: * I can never read your writing. 我怎麽也看不明白你的笔迹.5 writings [pl] works of an author or on a subject 某作家的着作; 某专题的着作: * the writings of Dickens 狄更斯的作品 * It is frequently mentioned in the poetic writings of the period. 在那个时期的诗作中经常提到这一点.6 (idm 习语) in `writing in written form, esp in a document or contract 以书面形式（尤指文件或合同的）: * You must get his agreement in writing. 你必须得到他书面的同意. the ,writing (is) on the `wall (there are) clear signs that warn of failure, disaster or defeat （有）失败、 灾祸或覆灭的清楚的徵兆: * The writing is on the wall for the local football club: * bankruptcy seems certain. 这个本地足球俱乐部厄难临头: * 似乎已无法维持下去. 复合： `writing-desk n desk with a flat or sloping surface and with drawers or compartments to keep writing materials in 写字台; 书桌. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xvi. `writing-paper n [U] (usu good-quality) paper cut into sheets of a suitable size for writing letters on 信纸.

written
=> write.

WRNS
[ 9dQblju: B:r en 5es, also renz; 9dQbljJ Br Zn `Zs, rZnz] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Women's Royal Naval Service 皇家海军妇女队: * join the WRNS 加入皇家海军妇女队.

wrong
[rCN; - rC:N; rCN] adj 1 ~ (to do sth) not morally right; unjust 不道德的; 不正当的; 不义的: * It is wrong to steal. 偷窃是不道德的. * You were wrong to take the car without permission. 你未得许可就把汽车开走是不应该的. * He told me he had done nothing wrong. 他告诉我说他没做任何不正当的事. Cf 参看 right1 1. 2 (a) not true or correct 不确实的; 不正确的; 错误的: * He did the sum but got the wrong answer/got the answer wrong. 他做了这道算术题, 但答案错了. * Her estimate of the cost was completely wrong. 她估计的费用完全不正确. (b) [pred 作表语] (of a person) mistaken （指人）出错, 有错误: * Am I wrong in thinking (ie Do you agree) that it is getting colder? 天气越来越冷了, 对吧? * Can you prove that I am wrong? 你能证实我错了吗? * That's where you're wrong. 在这一点上你错了. * Thousands of satisfied customers can't be wrong, so why don't you try our new washing-powder? 我们的新型洗衣粉顾客都很满意, 成千上万的人不可能都错了, 您也不妨试一试好吗? 3 [usu attrib 通常作定语] not required, suitable or the most desirable 不合要求的; 不适合的; 并非最合意的: * You're doing it the wrong way. 你做的方法不当. * We discovered that we were on the wrong train. 我们发觉上错了火车. * The police arrested the wrong man. 警方逮错了人. * We came the wrong way/took a wrong turning. 我们来时走错了路[拐错了弯]. * I'm afraid you've got the wrong number, ie on the telephone. 很抱歉, 您拨错电话号码了. * You're wearing your jumper the wrong way round, ie The part that should be at the front is at the back. 你的毛衣前後穿反了. * He's the wrong man for the job. 他不适合做这项工作. * They live on the wrong side of town, ie the part that is socially less desirable. 他们住在镇上环境较差的那边（社会地位较低的人住的）. * I realized that I had said the wrong thing when I saw her reaction. 我一看到她的反应就意识到我说话不当.

wrong1
* Their decision proved to be wrong. 他们的决定证实是错误的. 4 [pred 作表语] ~ (with sb/sth) (a) in a bad condition (and not working properly) 有故障; 有毛病: * What's wrong (ie What is the problem) with the engine? It's making an awful noise. 发动机出什麽故障了? 噪音太大了. * There's something wrong with my eyes -- I can't see properly. 我眼睛有毛病了--看不清楚了. (b) not as it should be 不正常: * Is anything wrong? You look ill. 怎麽了? 你脸色不好. * What's wrong with you? 你哪儿不舒服? * What's wrong with telling the truth? ie How can it be criticized? 说实话有什麽不对? 5 (idm 习语) back the wrong horse => back4. bark up the wrong tree => bark2. be born on the wrong side of the blanket => born. catch sb on the wrong foot => catch1. do the right/wrong thing => thing. from/on the ,wrong side of the `tracks (US) living in an area (of a town, etc) which is regarded as socially inferior 住在（城镇等中的）社会地位低的人住的地区. get on the right/wrong side of sb => side1. get (hold of) the ,wrong end of the `stick (infml 口) misunderstand completely what has been said （对听到的话）完全误解: * You've got the wrong end of the stick; he doesn't owe me money, I owe him! 你完全听错了, 他没欠我钱, 是我欠 他的钱! have got out of bed on the wrong side => bed1. hit/strike the right/wrong note => note1. not far off/out/wrong => far2. on the right/wrong side of forty, fifty, etc => side1. rub sb up the wrong way => rub2. start off on the right/wrong foot => start2. ,wrong side `out turned, changed, etc so that the normally inner side is facing outwards 里面被翻转成外面: * You've got your sweater on wrong side out. 你穿的毛衣里儿冲外了. 派生： wrong adv (used after vs 用於动词之後) 1 in a wrong manner or direction; mistakenly; with incorrect results 方式或方向错误; 错误地; 结果错误: You guessed wrong. 你猜错了.

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* You've spelt my name wrong. 你把我的名字拼错了. * He played the tune all wrong. 他演奏的曲调全错了. Cf 参看 wrongly. 2 (idm 习语) get sb `wrong (infml 口) misunderstand sb 误会或误解某人: Please don't get me wrong, I'm not criticizing you. 请不要误解我, 我并不是批评你. go `wrong (a) make a mistake 犯错误; 做错事: If you read the instructions, you'll see where you went wrong. 你要是看一下说明书就知道你错在哪儿了. * You can't go wrong (ie You will surely succeed) with our new carpet cleaner. 使用我们新型的地毯吸尘器绝对不会出错. (b) (of a machine) stop working properly （指机器）出故障, 出毛病: The television has gone wrong again. 电视机又出毛病了. (c) experience trouble 遇到麻烦; 出现问题: Their marriage started to go wrong when he got a job abroad. 他找到一份在国外的工作, 他们的婚姻就在那时开始出现问题. * The experiment went disastrously wrong, ie progressed in an unexpected way with very unpleasant results. 这个试验出了大问题. put a foot wrong => foot1. wrong n 1 [U] what is wrong 坏事; 过失; 罪恶: He doesn't know the difference between right and wrong. 他不懂是非. * She could do no wrong (ie do nothing wrong) in the opinion of her devoted followers. 那些忠实於她的人都认为她不会做坏事. 2 [C] (fml 文) unjust action; injustice 不义的行为; 不公正的事: They have done us a great wrong. 他们对待我们十分不公正. * She complained of the wrongs she had suffered. 她投诉说她受到委屈.3 (idm 习语) in the `wrong in the position of being responsible for a mistake, an offence, a quarrel, etc （在犯错误、 犯罪、 吵架等方面）负有责任或应受责备: He admitted that he was in the wrong, ie that the fault was his. 他承认是他的错. * They tried to put me in the wrong, ie to make it seem that the fault, error, etc was mine. 他们想把错误栽给我. the rights and wrongs of sth => right3. ,two ,wrongs ,don't make a `right (saying 谚) you cannot justify a wrong action by saying that sb else has done sth similar or that sb has done sth wrong to you 两个错不等於其中一个对（自己做了错事不能说别人也是这样做的来为自己辩护）.

wrong3
wrong v (fml 文) 1 [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] do wrong to (sb); treat (sb) unjustly or badly 对待（某人）不公正; 使（某人）受到委屈: a wronged wife 受委屈的妻子. 2 [Tn] judge (sb) unfairly; attribute a bad motive to (sb) mistakenly 不公正地判断（某人）; 冤枉（某人）: You wrong me if you think I only did it for selfish reasons. 你要是以为我是出於私心, 那你就冤枉我了. wrongful[-fl; -fEl] adj [attrib 作定语] not fair, just or legal 不公正的; 不公平的; 不正当的; 不合法的: * He sued his employer for wrongful dismissal. 他控告雇主非法解雇他. wrongfully[-fEli; -fEli] adv: * wrongfully arrested 遭不合法逮捕. wrongly adv (used esp before a past participle or a v 尤用於过去分词或动词之前) in a wrong manner; in the wrong way 不正当地; 错误地: wrongly accused, addressed, informed 控告错、 写错地址、 了解错 * He imagines, wrongly, that she loves him. 他误以为她爱他. * Rightly or wrongly, she refused to accept the offer, ie I don't know whether she was right or wrong to do so. 不论她做得对不对, 反正她拒绝了那个提议. 复合： wrongdoer[5rCNdu:E(r); 5rCN7dul] n person who does sth immoral or illegal 做不道德的或不合法的事情的人; 做坏事的人. wrongdoing[5rCNdu:iN; 5rCN7duiN] n [U, C] wrong behaviour; wrong action 不道德的行为; 坏事: * such wrongdoing(s) should be punished 这种不道德的行为应该受到惩罚. ,wrong-`foot v [Tn] (esp in sport) catch (sb) unprepared（尤指在体育比赛中）使（某人）措手不及: Her cleverly disguised lob completely wrong-footed her opponent. 她做个巧妙的假动作, 一个高球把对手打得乱了阵脚. ,wrong-`headed adj (of a person) obstinately holding a wrong opinion or taking a wrong course of action （指人）坚持错误意见或错误办法的.

wrote
pt of write.

wrought
[rC:t; rCt] pt, pp of work2. 派生： wrought adj [attrib 作定语] 1 made or manufactured and decorated 制造的; 加工的; 经装饰的: elaborately wrought carvings 精制的雕刻品. 2 (of metal) beaten out or shaped by hammering （指金属）锤打成形的, 锻造的. 复合： ,wrought `iron tough form of iron made by forging or rolling 锻铁; 熟铁: [attrib 作定语] a ,wrought-iron `bedstead, `gate, `railing 熟铁床架、 门、 栏杆. Cf 参看 cast iron (cast1).

wrung
pt, pp of wring.

wry
[rai; rai] adj (wryer, wryest) 1 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of a person's face, features, etc) twisted into an expression of disappointment, disgust or mockery （指人的脸、 五官等）扭曲的（表示失望、 厌恶或嘲笑）: * pull a wry face 做个鬼脸 * a wry glance, grin, smile, etc 眯着眼的窥视、 讪笑、 笑容等. 2 ironically humorous; slightly mocking 用反语表达幽默的; 揶揄的: * She watched their fumbling efforts with wry amusement. 她看着他们手忙脚乱地瞎使劲, 不觉莞尔. > wryly adv. wryness n [U].

wt
abbr 缩写 = weight: net wt 454 gm, eg on a jar of jam 净重454克（如果酱罐上的字样）.

WWF
abbr 缩写 = World Wildlife Fund 世界野生动物基金会.

WX
[7dQblju: 'eks; 7dQblju 'eks] abbr 缩写 = (esp on clothing) women's extra large (size) （尤作衣物上的标记）女装特大（号）.

wych
elm

wych-hazel
= witch-hazel (witch).

X
ray

X, x
[eks; eks] n (pl X's, x's[5eksiz; 5eksiz] ) the twenty-fourth letter of the English alphabet 英语字母表的第二十四个字母: * `Xylophone' begins with (an) X/`X'. xylophone一字以x字母开始. 复合： `X chromosome (biology 生) chromosome that occurs as one of an identical pair in female cells to produce a female in the reproductive process, or singly combined with a single Y chromosome in male cells to produce a male X染色体. Cf 参看 Y chromosome (Y).

xenon
[5zi:nCn; 5zi7nan] n [U] chemical element, a colourlessand odourless inert gas 氙. =>App 10 见附录10.

xenophobia
[7zenE'fEubiE; 7zenE'fobiE] n [U] intense dislike or fear of foreigners or strangers 对外国人或陌生人的憎恶或恐惧: * Excessive patriotism can lead to xenophobia. 爱国主义过了头即可导致仇视一切外国人. > xenophobic[-'fEubik; -'fobik] adj.

Xerox
[5ziErCks; 5zir7aks] n (propr 专利名) 1 process for producing photocopies without the use of wet materials （乾式的）影印, 复印: * [attrib 作定语] a Xerox machine （乾式）影印机. Cf 参看 photocopy, Photostat. 2 photocopy made using this process （乾式影印的）影印件, 复印件: * make/take a couple of Xeroxes of the contract 复制出合同的影印件. 派生： xerox v [I, Tn] produce copies of (documents, etc) using the Xerox or a similar process 影印, 复印（文件等）:Could you xerox this letter please, Paula? 葆拉, 请你把这封信复印一份行吗?

Xhosa
[5kC:sE; 5kCsa] n 1 [C] member of a Bantu people of Cape Province, S Africa 科萨人（南非开普省班图人的成员）. 2 [U] their language 科萨语. > Xhosa adj.

XL
[7eks 'el; 7eks 'el] abbr 缩写 = (esp on clothing) extra large （尤作衣物上的标记）特大号.

Xmas
[5krismEs, 'eksmEs; 5krismEs, 'eksmEs] n [C, U] (infml 口) (used as a short form, esp in writing 用作缩略式, 尤用於文字中) = Christmas: * A merry Xmas to all our readers! 谨向我们所有的读者敬祝圣诞快乐!

Xt
= Xsymb 符号 7.

xylophone
[ 5zaIlEfEJn; `zaIlE9fon/ n musical instrumentconsisting of parallel wooden or metal bars mounted on a frame, which are of different lengths and so produce different notes when struck with small wooden hammers 木琴. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xi.

Y, y
[wai; wai] n (pl Y's, y's/waiz; waiz] ) the twenty-fifth letter of the English alphabet 英语字母表的第二十五个字母: * `Yak' begins with (a) Y/`Y'. yak一字以y字母开始. 复合： `Y chromosome (biology 生) chromosome that occurs singly and only in male cells, and produces a male after combining with an X chromosome during thereproductive process Y染色体. Cf 参看 X chromosome(X). `Y-fronts n [pl] (Brit propr 专利名) men's underpants, with seams and an opening in the front sewn in the shape of an inverted Y 男用内裤（前有倒Y形开口者）: a pair of Y-fronts 一条男用内裤（前有倒Y形开口者）.

yacht
[jCt; jat] n 1 light sailing-boat, esp one built specifically for racing 快艇; （尤指专为竞赛用的）帆船: * [attrib 作定语] a yacht race, club, crew 帆船竞赛、 俱乐部、 （一组）选手 * a sand yacht, ie a yacht-like vehiclewith wheels for use on sand 沙滩车. 2 large (usu power-driven) vessel used for private pleasure cruising 大型（通常为机动的）游艇. Cf 参看 dinghy. 派生： yacht v [I] (usu in the continuous tenses 通常用於进行时态) travel or race in a yacht, especially as a hobby 乘坐快艇、 帆船、 游艇或进行比赛（尤指作为爱好）: I go yachting most weekends in the summer. 在夏天, 我大多数周末都乘快艇游玩. yachting n [U] art, practice or sport of sailing yachts 帆船驾驶（术）; 帆船驾驶运动: [attrib 作定语] yachting equipment 帆船驾驶设备. 复合： `yachtsman[-smEn; -smEn] n (pl -smen[-smEn; -smEn] , fem 阴性作 `yachtswoman) person who has yachting as a hobby 帆船运动爱好者: * a round-the-worldyachtsman 环游世界一周的帆船运动爱好者.

yack
[jAk; jAk] v [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (away/on) (about sb/sth) (sl 俚) talk continuously and often noisily (usu about sth unimportant) 唠唠叨叨, 闲扯（常为高声地）: * Joy kept yacking (on) about the wedding. 乔伊唠唠叨叨地聊着婚礼的事. 派生： yack n (usu sing 通常作单数) (sl 俚) persistent or trivial conversation; chatter 絮絮叨叨的谈话; 聊天; 唠叨: having a good old yack with the neighbours 与邻居痛快地闲扯往事.

yackety
yack

yahoo
[jE'hu:; jE'hu] n (pl ~s) coarse brutish person 粗鲁的人: * [attrib 作定语] a yahoo attitude 粗鲁的态度.

yak
[jAk; jAk] n wild or domesticated ox of Central Asia, with long horns and hair ⊿牛（产於中亚、 西藏）.

Yale
[jeil; jel] n (also `Yale lock) (propr 专利名) type of lock with revolving internal parts, commonly used for doors, etc 耶鲁锁, 撞锁（常用作门等的锁）: * have a Yale (lock) fitted 安装耶鲁锁 * [attrib 作定语] a Yale key 耶鲁锁的钥匙.

yam
[jAm; jAm] n 1 (a) edible starchy tuber of a tropical climbing plant 薯蓣（通称山药）. (b) this plant 薯蓣. 2 (US) type of sweet potato 甘薯（通称白薯或红薯）.

yammer
[5jAmE(r); 5jAml] v [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (on) (aboutsb/sth) (infml derog 口, 贬) talk noisily and continuously; complain or speak in a whining, grumbling manner 高声不停地说; 抱怨; 嘟嘟囔囔地说: * I do wish they'd stop yammering on about the size of the bill. 我真希望他们别再嘟嘟囔囔地抱怨帐单的价钱了.

yang
[jAN; jAN] n [U] (in Chinese philosophy) the active bright male principle of the universe （中国哲学）阳. Cf 参看 yin.

Yank
[jANk; jANk] n (infml 口) = Yankee.

Yankee
[5jANki; 5jANki] (also Yank) n 1 (Brit infml 口) inhabitant of the United States of America; American 美国人; 美洲人: * [attrib 作定语] Yankee hospitality 美国人的好客. 2 (US) (a) inhabitant of any of the NorthernStates, esp those of New England 美国北部各州的人;（尤指）新英格兰人. (b) Federal soldier in the AmericanCivil War （美国南北战争时的）北军.

yap
[jAp; jAp] v (-pp-) [I, Ipr] 1 ~ (at sb/sth) (esp of small dogs) utter short sharp barks （尤指小狗）叫, 吠: * yapping at the postman 向邮递员狂吠. 2 (sl 俚) talk noisily and foolishly 哇啦哇啦地瞎说: * Stop yapping! 别瞎扯了! 派生： yap n sound of yapping （小狗的）叫声; 哇啦哇啦的说话声.

yardstick
[5ja:dstik; 5jard7stik] n ~ (of sth) standard of comparison 比较或衡量的标准; 尺度: * Durability is one yardstick of quality. 耐久性是质量好坏的一个尺度. * We need a yardstick to measure our performance by. 我们的表现需要一个检验的标准.

yarmulka
[5jQmulkE; 5jarmElkE] n skull-cap worn by Jewish men, esp at prayer （犹太男子戴的）无檐小圆帽（尤指祈祷时所戴者）.

yarn
[ja:n; jarn] n 1 [U] fibres (esp of wool) that have been spun for knitting, weaving, etc 纱; 线; （尤指）毛线. 2 [C] (infml 口) story; traveller's tale, esp one that is exaggerated or invented 故事; （旅行者的）奇谈（尤指夸张的或编造的）. 3 (idm 习语) spin a yarn => spin. 派生： yarn v [I] (infml 口) tell yarns 讲故事; 信口开河: We stayed up yarning until midnight. 我们山南海北一直讲到深夜.

yarrow
[5jArEu; 5jAro] n [C, U] plant with feathery leavesand small strong-smelling white or pinkish flowers in flat clusters 欧蓍草: * hedgerows full of yarrow 有很多欧蓍草的灌木树篱.

yashmak
[5jAFmAk; 5jAF7mAk] n veil covering most of the face, worn in public by Muslim women in certaincountries （某些国家的穆斯林妇女在公众场所戴的）面纱.

yaw
[jC:; jC] v [I] (of a ship or aircraft, etc) turn unsteadilyoff a straight or correct course （指轮船或飞行器等）偏航, 越出航线. Cf 参看 pitch2 4, roll2 6. 派生： yaw n such a turn 偏航; 越出航线.

yawl
[jC:l; jCl] n (nautical 海) 1 (a) sailing-boat with two masts, the second being a short one near the stern （前桅高後桅低的）二桅帆船. (b) type of small fishing-boat 小渔船. 2 ship's boat with four or six oars （船载的四桨或六桨的）小艇.

yawn
[jC:n; jCn] v [I] 1 take (usu involuntarily) a deep breath with the mouth wide open, as when sleepy or bored 打哈欠. 2 (of large holes, etc) be wide open （指大洞穴等）张开, 裂开: * The deep crevasse yawned at their feet. 他们脚下的冰川有一道深深的裂缝. * a yawning chasm 地上裂开的大坑 * (fig 比喻) a yawning gap between the rich and poor in our society 我们社会中贫富之间的鸿沟. 派生： yawn n 1 act of yawning (yawn v 1) 哈欠. 2 (usu sing 通常作单数) (infml derog 口, 贬) uninteresting or boring thing 乏味的或枯燥的事物: The meeting was one big yawn from start to finish. 那会议自始至终十分无聊.

yd
abbr 缩写 = (pl yds) yard (measurement 量度单位): 12 yds of silk 12码的丝绸. Cf 参看 ft, in.

ye
1[ji:; ji] pers pron 人称代词 (arch 古) (pl of thou *thou的复数) you 汝等; 君等.

yea
[jei; je] adv, n (arch 古) = yes. Cf 参看 nay.

yeah
[jeE; jeE] adv (infml 口) 1 (casual pronunciation of) yes *yes（的俗音）. 2 (idm 习语) ,oh `yeah? (used to show that one does not believe what has been said 用以表示对所说的话不相信): * `I'm going to meet the Prime Minister.’ `Oh yeah? Very likely!’ ‘我要去见首相了.’‘噢, 是吗? 那太有可能了!’

year
[jiE(r), also jE:(r); jir] n 1 [C] time taken by the earth to make one orbit round the sun, about 365 days 年. 2 [C] (also `calendar year) period from 1 January to 31 December, ie 365 days (or 366 in a leap year) divided into 12 months 历年: * in the year 1865 在1865年 * this year 今年 * the year after next 後年 * a good year for cheap vegetables, ie a year in which vegetables are available cheaply 蔬菜便宜的好年成. 3 [C] any period of 365 consecutive days 一年: * It's just a year (today) since I arrived here. 我来到这里（到今天）整一年了. * I arrived a year ago (today). 我是一年前（的今天）来的. * She's worked there for ten years. 她在那里工作十年了. * In a year's time they're getting married. 一年之後他们就要结婚了. * [attrib 作定语] a five-year forecast 五年的预测. 4 [C] period of one year associated with sth, such as education or finance 与某事物（如教育或财政）相关的一年的期间: * the ,academic `year 学年 * the fi,nancial/,fiscal/,tax `year 财政[会计/课税]年度 * [attrib 作定语] first year students 一年级的学生. 5 [C usu pl 通常作复数] age; time of life 年纪; 年龄; 年岁: * twenty years old/of age 二十岁 * a seventy-year-old man 七十岁的人 * She looks young for her years/for a woman of her years, ie looks younger than she is. 她看起来比她的岁数年轻. * He died in his sixtieth year, ie at the age of 59. 他在步入六十岁时去世（即实足年龄59岁）. 6 years [pl] (infml 口) a long time 很久: * I've worked for this firm for years (and years). 我为这家公司工作了很多年（很多年）了. * It's years since we last met. 我们已经很久没见面了.7 (idm 习语) the age/years of discretion => discretion.,all (the) year `round throughout the year 一年到头: * He swims in the sea all year round. 他一年到头都在海里游泳. donkey's years => donkey. man, woman, car, etc of the `year person or thing chosen as outstanding in a particular field in a particular year 某年在某领域最杰出的人或事物:

year1
* TV personality of the year 该年度电视圈的名人. not/never in a hundred, etc `years absolutelynot/never 绝对不[决不]. old beyond one's years => old. put `years on sb make sb feel or appear older 使某人觉得或显得老些: * The shock put years on him. 这一场冲击使他见老. ring out the old year and ring in the new => ring2. take `years off sb make sb feelor appear younger 使某人觉得或显得年轻些: * Giving up smoking has taken years off her. 她戒烟以後显得年轻了. the turn of the year/century => turn2. year after `year continuously for many years 年年: * She sent money year after year to help the poor. 她年年送钱帮助穷人.year by `year progressively each year 一年一年地: * Yearby year their affection for each other grew stronger. 他们相爱逐年加深. the year `dot (infml 口) a very long time ago 很久以前: * I've been going there every summer since the year dot. 我从很久以前每年夏天就都到那里去. year `in, year `out every year without exception 年复一年地. ,year of `grace; ,year of our `Lord (fml 文) any specified year after the birth of Christ 耶稣纪元某年; 公元某年: * in the year of our Lord 1217, ie 1217 AD 公元1217年. 派生： yearly adj, adv (occurring) every year or once a year每年（的）; 一年一次（的）: a yearly conference/a conferenceheld yearly 一年一度的会议. 复合： `year-book n book issued once a year, giving information (reports, statistics, etc) about a particular subject 年鉴; 年刊; 年报. ,year-`long adj [attrib 作定语] continuing for or throughouta year 持续一年的; 整整一年的: a ,year-long `lecture tour 持续一年的演讲旅行.

yearling
[5jiEliN; 5jirliN] n animal, esp a horse, between one and two years old 一岁至两岁的动物（尤指马）: * a race for yearlings 一两岁小马的赛马 * [attrib 作定语] a yearling filly 一两岁的小雌马.

yearn
[jE:n; jEn] v [I, Ipr, It] ~ (for sb/sth) desire strongly or with compassion or tenderness; be filled with longing 渴望; 怜悯; 思念; 留恋; 盼望: * a yearning desire 如饥似渴的欲望 * He yearned for his home and family. 他怀念故国家园. * She yearned to return to her native country. 她巴不得能回国. 派生： yearning n [C, U] ~ (for sb/sth); ~ (to do sth) strong desire; tender longing 渴望; 热望. yearningly adv.

yeast
[ji:st; jist] n [C, U] (type of) fungous substance used in the making of beer and wine, or to make bread rise2(10) 酵母; 发酵物: * brewer's yeast 啤酒用酵母 * baker's yeast 发面用酵母. 派生： yeasty adj tasting or smelling strongly of yeast; frothy like yeast when it is developing 酵母味的; 发酵的; 起泡的. yeastiness n [U].

yell
[jel; jel] v 1 [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (out) (at sb/sth); ~ (out) (in/with sth) utter a loud sharp cry or cries as of pain, excitement, etc 号叫; 喊叫; 叫喊: * Stop yelling, can't you! 别嚷了, 行吗? * She yelled (out) at her mischievous child. 她对她淘气的孩子大喊大叫. * yell out in anguish, terror, pain, etc 因苦恼、 惊恐、 疼痛等叫喊起来 * yell with fear, agony, laughter 害怕、 痛苦、 笑得喊叫起来.2 [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ (at sb) (about/for sth); ~ (out) sth (at sb/sth) speak or say (sth) in a yelling voice 叫喊着说（某事）: * She yelled at him about his constant drunkenness. 她大嚷大叫说他总是烂醉如泥. * The crowd yelled (out) encouragement at the players. 人们叫喊着为选手打气. =>Usage at shout 用法见shout. 派生： yell n 1 loud sharp cry of pain, excitement, etc 叫声;喊声; 喊叫: a yell of terror 恐怖的叫喊声 * let out an ear-splitting yell 发出震耳欲聋的号叫声. 2 (US) particular type of shout or cheer used at a college to encourage a team, etc （学院中拉拉队助威的）喊叫声.

yellow
[5jelEu; 5jelo] adj 1 (a) of the colour of ripe lemons, egg yolks or gold, or of a colour similar to this 黄（色）的. =>illus at spectrum 见spectrum插图. (b) (often offensive 常作轻蔑语) having the light brown skin and complexion of certain eastern Asian peoples （某些东亚民族）黄皮肤的. 2 (also `yellow-bellied) (infml derog 口, 贬) cowardly 胆怯的: * I always suspected he was yellow. 我总怀疑他很胆小. 3 (idm 习语) a yellow `streak cowardice in sb's character 生性怯懦. 派生： yellow n (a) [C, U] the colour yellow 黄色: several different yellows (ie shades of yellow) in the paintbox 颜料盒中有几种不同色调的黄色. (b) [U] yellow substance,material or covering; yellow clothes 黄色的物质、 材料或外层; 黄色的衣服: wearing yellow 穿着黄衣服. yellow v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become yellow （使某物）变黄或发黄: yellowing autumn leaves 变黄的秋叶 * The manuscript had yellowed/was yellowed with age. 手稿因年久而发黄了. yellowish, yellowy adjs rather yellow 微黄的; 发黄的. yellowness n [U]. 复合： ,yellow `card (in football, etc) card shown by the referee to a player that he is cautioning （足球等运动中的）黄牌, 黄卡（由裁判员出示, 用以向某运动员提出警告）. Cf 参看 red card (red1). ,yellow `fever [U] infectious tropical disease causing the skin to turn yellow 黄热病. ,yellow `flag flag coloured yellow, displayed by a ship or hospital which is in quarantine 黄旗, 检疫旗（受隔离检疫的轮船或医院所悬挂的黄色旗子）. ,yellow `line yellow line painted at the side of a road to show restrictions on the parking of vehicles 黄线（路边限制停车者）: You can't park on a double yellow line. 有双黄线处不准停车. ,Yellow `Pages (propr 专利名) telephone directory, or section of one, listing companies according to the goods or services they offer 黄页（用黄色纸印刷的电话簿或其中部分, 按公司类别排列者）.

yellow1
the yellow `press (infml derog 口, 贬) newspapers that deliberately include sensational news items, etc in order to attract readers 低级报刊（故作耸人听闻的报道以哗众取宠的报纸）.

yellowhammer
[5jelEuhAmE(r); 5jelo7hAml] n type of small bird, the male of which has a yellow head, neck and breast 黄巫稧（雄性头颈及胸部均为黄色的小鸟, 亦称黄道眉）.

yelp
[jelp; jelp] n a short sharp cry (of pain, anger, excitement, etc) （因痛苦、 气愤、 兴奋等的）短而尖的叫声: * The dog gave a yelp when I trod on its paw. 我踩了那狗的爪子, 它揭勾叫了一声. 派生： yelp v [I] utter such a cry 发出短而尖的叫声.

yen
1[jen; jen] n (pl unchanged 复数不变) unit of money in Japan 圆（日本的货币单位）.

yeoman
[5jEumEn; 5jomEn] n (pl -men[-mEn; -mEn] ) (Brit) 1 (esp arch 尤为古义) farmer who owns and works his land 自耕农: * [attrib 作定语] yeoman farmers 自耕农. 2 (formerly) servant in a royal or noble household （旧时）（皇室或贵族的）侍者, 仆人. 派生： yeomanry[-ri; -ri] n [Gp] (Brit) (a) country landowners 自耕农. (b) (formerly) volunteer cavalry force raised from farmers, etc （旧时）（由农民等组成的）义勇骑兵队. 复合： ,Yeoman of the `Guard member of the British sovereign's bodyguard （英国王室的）卫士. ,yeoman `service (esp rhet 尤作修辞) long and useful service; help, esp at a time of need 长期而有用的服务; 援助（尤指急需时）: retiring after 40 years' yeoman service to the company 对公司勤勤恳恳工作40年後退休.

yes
[jes; jes] interj 1 (a) (used to answer in theaffirmative 用作肯定的答覆): * `Is this a painting by Picasso?’`Yes, it is.’ ‘这是毕加索的画吗?’‘是.’ * (emphatic 强调) `Don't you want to come with us?’ `Yes, of course I do.'‘你难道不愿意来跟我们在一起吗?’‘我当然愿意.’ (b) (used to show that a statement is correct or that the speaker agrees 用以表示一说法正确或说话人同意): * `English is a difficult language.’ `Yes, but not as difficult as Chinese.’ ‘英语很难.’‘是啊, 但没有汉语那麽难.’ * `Isn't she sweet?’ `Yes, she is.’ ‘她很可爱吧?’‘对, 她很可爱.’ (c) (used to agree with a request 用以表示同意一要求): * `Can I borrow this record?’ `Yes, of course.’ ‘我可以借这张唱片吗?’‘当然可以.’ 2 (used to accept an invitation or offer 用以表示接受一邀请或提议): * `Coffee?’ `Yes, please.’ ‘要咖啡吗?’‘要, 谢谢.’ 3 (used to acknowledge one's presence in a group or to reply when one is called 用以应答呼唤): * `Williams.’ `Yes, sir.’ ‘威廉.’‘到.’ * `Waiter!’ `Yes, madam.’ ‘服务员!’‘ , 小姐.’ 4 (used to ask what sb wants 用以询问某人之所需): * `Yes?’ `I'd like 2 tickets, please.’ ‘要什麽?’‘请给我来两张票.’ Cf 参看 nointerj. yes n (pl yeses[5jesiz; 5jesiz] ) answer that affirms, agrees, accepts, etc 表示肯定、 同意、 接受等的答覆: * Can't you give me a straight (ie direct) yes or no? 你能不能给我一个直截了当的答覆, 行还是不行? 复合： yes-man[5jesmn; 5jes7mAn] n (pl -men[-men;-7men] ) weak person who always agrees with his superior(s) in order to win favour or approval 唯唯诺诺的人.

yester
year

yesterday
[5jestEdi, -dei; 5jestldi, -7de] adv on the day just past; on the day before today 在昨天; 在昨日:He arrived only yesterday. 他昨天刚到. * It was only yesterday that he arrived. 昨天他才刚刚到. * I can remember it as if it were yesterday. 我对此事记忆犹新, 恍如昨日一般. * Where were you yesterday morning/afternoon/evening? 昨天上午[下午/晚上]你在什麽地方? 派生： yesterday n [U, C often pl 作不可数名词或可数名词, 後者常作复数] 1 the day before today 昨天; 昨日: Yesterday was Sunday. 昨天星期日. * Where's yesterday's(news) paper? 昨天的报纸在哪里? 2 the recent past 不久以前; 往昔: dressed in yesterday's fashions 穿着不久前流行的服装 * all our yesterdays 我们的往日. 3 (idm 习语) be born yesterday => born. the day before yesterday => day. 复合： ,yesterday `week eight days ago 八天以前: I haven't seen him since yesterday week. 我有八天没见到他了.

yet
[jet; jet] adv 1 (a) (used in questions and negative sentences and after vs expressing uncertainty, usu in final position; in British English usu with the present or past perfect tense, in US English usu with the simple past 用於疑问句和否定句中及用於表示怀疑的动词之後, 通常位於句末; 在英式英语中通常用於现在或过去完成时态, 在美式英语通常用於简单过去时态) by this or that time; until now/then 到这时; 到那时; 直至现在[当时]; 尚; 还; 仍然: * I haven't received a letter from him yet. 我至今尚未收到他的信. (Cf 参看 (US) I didn't receive a letter from him yet.) * `Are you ready?’ `No, not yet.’ ‘你准备好了吗?’‘还没准备好呢.’ * She was not yet sure if she could trust him. 她还没有把握确定是否相信他. * I doubt if he has read it yet. 我怀疑他是否看过这篇东西. (b) now or in the immediate future 现在; 马上; 立刻: * Don't go yet. 先不要走. * You don't need to start yet. 你不必立刻就走. =>Usage at already 用法见already already. 2 (used with a modal v; formal if placed immediately after the modal v 与情态动词连用; 若紧接情态动词之後则更文雅) at an indefinite time in the future 不久的将来; 迟早; 早晚: * We may win yet. 我们迟早会获胜的. * She may surprise us all yet. 她总有一天会让我们大家感到惊奇. * (fml 文) We can yet reach our destination. 我们终究能达到目的. 3 (used after superlatives 用於最高级之後) made, produced, written, etc until and including now/then 直至现在[当时]（所制造、 生产、 书写等）: * the most comprehensive study yet of his poetry 迄今为止对他的诗歌最全面的研究 * the highest building yet constructed 到现在为止最高的建 物 * her best novel yet 她的最好的小说. 4 (used in front of comparatives 用於比较级之前) even 更: * yet one more example of criminal negligence 另一个刑事疏忽之例 * yet another victim of government policy on national health funding 政府的国民保健拨款政策的另一个受害者

yet1
* a recent and yet more improbable theory 最新的而且也是更加不可信的理论 * advancing yet further 更进一步的发展. 5 (idm 习语) as `yet until now/then 到现在[当时]为止: * an as yet unpublished document 现尚未发表的文件 * As yet little is known of the causes of the disease. 造成这种疾病的原因迄今几乎一无所知. yet a`gain (emphatic 强调) once more 再; 再一次: * Yet again we can see the results of hasty decision-making. 我们可以再一次看到仓促作出决定的後果. 派生： yet conj but at the same time; nevertheless 然而; 而; 但是: slow yet thorough 虽然慢但是彻底 * She trained hard all year yet still failed to reach her best form. 她全年艰苦训练, 然而仍未达到自己的最佳状态.

yeti
[5jeti; 5jeti] n (also A,bominable `Snowman) large hairy man-like or bear-like creature reported to live in the highest part of the Himalayas 雪人（据报道生存在喜马拉雅山高处似人或似熊的巨大长毛动物）.

yew
[ju:; ju] n (a) (also `yew-tree) [C] small evergreen tree with dark-green needle-like leaves and small redberries, often planted for garden hedges and in churchyards紫杉. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page i. (b) [U] wood of this tree 紫杉木.

YHA
[7wai eitF 'ei; 7wai etF 'e] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Youth Hostels Association 青年招待所协会.

yid
[jid; jid] n ( sl offensive 讳, 俚, 蔑) Jew 犹太人.

Yiddish
[5jidiF; 5jidiF] adj, n [U] (of the) international Jewish language, a form of old German with words borrowed from Hebrew and several modern languages, used by Jews in or from E or Central Europe 依地语（的）; （又译）意第绪语（的）: * speak (in) Yiddish 说依地语 * a Yiddish speaker 说依地语的人. Cf 参看 Hebrew.

yield
[ji:ld; jild] v 1 [Tn] bear, produce or provide (a natural product, a result or profit) 生出、 产生或提供（自然产物、 结果或利润）: * trees that no longer yield fruit 不再结果实的树 * experiments yielding new insights 得到新的认识的实验 * Building societies' investment accountsyield high interest. 房屋建 协会的投资利润获得很高的利息. 2 (a) [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (to sb/sth) (fml 文) allow oneself to be overcome by pressure; cease opposition (to sb/sth) 屈服; 让步; （对某人[某事物]）不再反对: * The town was forced to yield after a long siege. 该城受长期围困而被迫弃守. * The government has not yielded to public opinion. 政府并未向舆论让步. * She yielded to temptation and had another chocolate. 她禁不住诱惑, 又吃了一块巧克力. (b) [I] be forced out of the usual or natural shape; bend or break under pressure （受外力）变形; （受压力）弯曲或折断: * Despite all our attempts to break it open, the lock would not yield. 尽管我们想方设法要把锁弄断, 它却仍纹丝不动. * The dam eventually yielded and collapsed under the weight of water. 水坝在水的压力下终於决口. 3 [Ipr] ~ to sth be replaced or superseded by sth 被某事物代替或替换: * Increasingly, farm land is yielding to property development. 地产的发展逐渐占据了农田. * The cinema has largely yielded to the home video. 电影业在很大程度上已让位给家庭录像电影. 4 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ sb/sth (up) (to sb) (fml 文) (a) reluctantly give control of sth (to sb); deliver sb/sth (to sb) 勉强地将某事物交出（予某人）; 将某人[某事物]送交（某人）: * The terrorists have yielded two of their hostages (up) to the police. 恐怖分子已把其中两名人质交给警方. (b) reveal sth; disclose sth 泄露、 揭露、 透露、 暴露或露出某事物: * The universe is slowly yielding up its secrets to scientists. 宇宙慢慢地向科学家展现了自己的秘密.

yield1
5 [I, Ipr] ~ (to sb/sth) (esp US) (of traffic) allow other traffic to have right of way （指道路上的来往车辆）让路给有先行权的车辆. 6 [I, Ipr] ~ (to sb/sth) (fml 文) admit that one is inferior (to sb/sth); concede 承认自己比不上（某人[某事物]）; 让步; 忍让: * I yield to no one in my admiration for (ie am one of the greatest admirers of) her work. 我比任何人都佩服她的工作. 派生： yield n [U, C] (amount of) that which is yielded or produced 生产或出产（的量）: a good, high, poor, etc yield of wheat 小麦的好收成、 高产、 歉收等 * What is the yield per acre? 每英亩的产量是多少? * the annual milk yield 牛奶的年产量. yielding adj (a) that can bend and give2(1); pliable rather than stiff 易弯曲的; 有弹性的; 柔软的: a soft, yielding material 柔软的、 有弹性的材料. (b) likely to accept the wishes of others; not obstinate; compliant 顺从的; 不固执的; 依从的: a gentle, yielding personality 温柔、 和顺的性情 * She is rarely yielding on such an issue. 在这类问题上她是很少让步的. yieldingly adv.

yin
[jin; jin] n [U] (in Chinese philosophy) the passive dark female principle of the universe （中国哲学）阴. Cf 参看 yang.

yippee
[5jipi:; 5jipi] interj (infml 口) (used to express pleasure or excitement 用以表示愉快或兴奋).

YMCA
[7wai em si: 'ei; 7wai em si 'e] (also US infml 美式口语作 Y) abbr 缩写 = Young Men's Christian Association基督教青年会: * stay at the YMCA (hostel) 住在基督教青年会（招待所）.

Yo
Yo

yob
[jCb; jab] (also yobbo[5jCbEu; 5jabo] ) n (pl ~s) (dated Brit sl 旧, 俚) aggressive, ill-tempered and ill-mannered young person; lout 粗俗的青年; 粗人.

yodel
(also yodle)[5jEudl; 5jodl] v (-ll-; US -l-) [I, Tn] sing (a song) or utter a musical call, with frequent changes from the normal voice to high falsetto notes, in the traditional Swiss manner 用岳得尔调唱（歌）或呼喊（以瑞士的传统方式用真声和高音假嗓交替）. 派生： yodel (also yodle) n yodelling song or call 岳得尔调或呼喊. yodeller (US yodeler) n.

yoga
[5jEugE; 5jogE] n [U] (a) Hindu philosophy that teaches control over the mind, senses and body in order to produce mystical experience and the union of the individual soul with the universal spirit 瑜伽派（印度哲学的一派）. (b) system of exercises for the body and the control of breathing for those practising yoga or wanting to become fitter 瑜伽（术）; 瑜伽修行法: * [attrib 作定语] yoga classes 瑜伽学习班. 派生： yogi[5jEugi; 5jogi] n (pl ~s) teacher of or expert in yoga 瑜伽论者; 瑜伽（术）的导师或专家.

yoghurt
(also `yogurt, `yoghourt)[5jCgEt; - 'jEugErt;'joglt] n [U, C] slightly sour thick liquid food, consistingof milk fermented by added bacteria and often flavouredwith fruit, etc 酸乳酪（常以水果等调味）: * a breakfast of muesli and yoghurt 谷物、 坚果及酸乳酪的早餐 * acarton of yoghurt 一纸盒酸乳酪 * Two strawberry yoghurts,please. 请来两份草莓酸乳酪.

yoke
[jEuk; jok] n 1 [C] (a) shaped piece of wood fixed across the necks of two animals (esp oxen) pulling a cart, plough, etc 轭; （尤指）牛轭. (b) (pl unchanged 复数不变) two oxen working together 共轭牛（共同工作的一对牛）: * five yoke of oxen 五对共轭牛. 2 [C] object like a yoke in form or function, esp a piece of wood shaped to fit across a person's shoulders and support a pail at each end 轭状的或起轭作用的物体; （尤指）轭状 扁担. 3 [C] (in dressmaking) part of a garment fitting round the shoulders or hips and from which the rest hangs （女服制作的）抵肩, （裙等的）腰. 4 [sing] ~ (ofsth/sb) (fml fig 文, 比喻) oppressive control; burdensomerestraint 束缚; 羁绊: * throw off the yoke of slavery 摆脱奴隶制的枷锁 * under the yoke of a cruel master 在残暴的主人的控制之下. 派生： yoke v [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] 1 ~ sth (to sth); ~ sth and sth (together) put a yoke on (an animal) 给（动物）上轭: yoke oxen to a plough 用轭把牛套在睱上 * yoke oxen together 用轭把牛套在一起. 2 ~ A (to/with B) (in sth); ~ A and B (together) (in sth) (fml 文) unite or form a bond between (people) 使（人）结合或联合: yoked to/with an unwilling partner 与一个不甘心情愿的伙伴结合在一起 * yoked (together) in marriage 联姻.

yokel
[5jEukl; 5jokl] n (joc or derog 谑或贬) simple-minded country person; bumpkin 乡下佬; 土包子; 土老帽儿.

yolk
[jEuk; jok] n [C, U] round yellow part in the middle of the white of an egg 蛋黄; 卵黄: * Beat up the yolks of three eggs. 把叁个蛋黄搅匀. =>illus at egg 见egg插图.

Yom Kippur
[ 9jCm 5kIpE(r), 9jCm kI5pUE(r); 9jom`kIpL,9jomkI`pJr] annual Jewish holiday observed with fasting and prayers of penitence 赎罪日（一年一度的犹太人的节日, 於此日禁食及作忏悔祈祷）.

yomp
[jCmp; jamp] v [I, Ipr, Ip] (Brit army sl 英军俚) march with heavy equipment over difficult country 野外负重行军: * yomping across moorland 穿过荒郊野外负重行军.

yonder
[5jCndE(r); 5jandl] det, adj, adv (arch or dialect 古或方) (that is or that can be seen) over there （在或可见於）那边（的）: * Do you see yonder clump of trees (ie that clump of trees over there)? 你看见那边的一丛树林了吗? * Whose is that farm (over) yonder? 那边的农场是谁的?

yore
[jC:(r); jCr] n (idm 习语) of yore (arch or rhet 古或修辞) long ago 往昔: * in days of yore 昔日.

Yorkshire pudding
[7jC:kFE 'pudiN; 7jCrkFl 'pudiN] baked batter2 often eaten with roast beef 约克郡布丁（常与烤牛肉同食）: * a large helping of Yorkshire pudding 一大块约克郡布丁 * four small Yorkshire puddings 四小块约克郡布丁.

you'd
[ju:d; jud] contracted form 缩约式 1 you had => have. 2 you would => will1, would1.

you'll
[ju:l; jul] contracted form 缩约式 you will => will1.

you're
[juE(r), also jC:(r); jur, jCr] contracted form 缩约式 you are => be.

you've
[ju:v; juv] contracted form 缩约式 you have => have.

young
[jQN; jQN] adj (-nger[-NgE(r); -Ngl] , -ngest[-NgIst; -NgIst/) 1 not far advanced in life, growth, development, etc; of recent birth or origin 年轻的; 幼小的; 新诞生的; 新成立的: * a young woman, animal, tree, nation 年轻的女人、 幼小的动物、 幼小的树、 新成立的国家. Cf 参看 old2. 2 still near its beginning 仍然接近开始阶段的; 初期的: * The evening is still young. 晚间刚开始不久. 3 the younger (fml 文) (used before or after a person's name, to distinguish that person from an older person with the same name 用於姓名之前或之後, 以区别於同名之年长者): * the younger Pitt/Pitt the younger 年纪较轻的那个皮特. Cf 参看 elder1 2.4 (becoming dated 渐旧) (a) (used before a person'sname to distinguish esp a son from his father 用於姓名之前, 以区别父子, 指儿子): * Young Jones is just like his father. 小琼斯真像他的父亲. (b) (used as a familiar or condescending form of address 用作亲切的或屈尊俯就的称呼): * Now listen to me, (my) young man/lady! 听我说, （我的）小伙子[小姐]! 5 for, concerning or characteristic of youth or young people 青年的; 年轻人的: * The young look is in fashion this year. 今年时兴扮年轻人的样子. * Those clothes she's wearing are much too young for her. 她穿的那些衣服显得太年轻了. 6 [pred 作表语] ~ in sth having little practice or experience in sth 对某事物不熟练或无甚经验: * young in crime 初次犯罪. 7 (idm 习语) an angry young man => angry. not as/so young as one `used to be/(once) `was old or growing old and losing vigour, good health, etc 年老的; 失去青春活力或健康等的: * I can't play squash twice a week: * I'm not as young as I was, you know! 我不能一星期打两次壁球了, 我的体力大不如前了, 你要知道! not get any `younger become older 变老的: * Of course long walks tire you out you're not getting any younger, you know. 当然走长路能把你累坏的--青春不再, 你要知道. an old head on young shoulders => old. young and `old (a`like) everyone, regardless of age 无论老少:

young1
* This is a book for young and old (alike). 这本书老少咸宜. ,young at `heart in spite of one's age, still feeling and behaving as one did when one was young 人老心不老. the ,young i`dea (dated 旧) young people, esp schoolboys or schoolgirls and students青少年; （尤指）学生. one's young `lady/young `man (dated 旧) one's girl-friend/boy-friend 女朋友; 男朋友: * When's your young man coming to dinner, then? 你的男朋友什麽时候来吃饭呢? you're only young `once (saying 谚) young people should be allowed to enjoy themselves while they can, because they will have plenty to worry about when they get older 应准予年轻人及时行乐（因为年纪大时要有很多操心事）. 派生： young n [pl] 1 (of animals and birds) offspring; young ones （指鸟兽）雏; 仔; 崽: The cat fought fiercely to defend its young, ie its young kittens. 那只猫拼命反抗以保护小猫. 2 the young young people considered as a group 年轻人（总称）: The young in our society need careand protection. 我们社会的年轻人需要受到关怀和爱护.3 (idm 习语) (be) with `young (of animals) pregnant （指动物）怀孕的. youngish adj fairly young; quite young 相当年轻的; 很幼小的: a youngish President 年轻的总统. youngster[-stE(r); -stl] n child; youth; young person孩子; 少年; 青年; 年轻人: * How are the youngsters (ie yourchildren)? 你的孩子怎麽样? NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Yours faithfully, Yours sincerely, (esp US) Yours truly are the commonest ways of ending formal and semi-formal letters. *Yours faithfully、 Yours sincerely、 （尤用於美式英语的）Yours truly是信末最常见的敬语, 用於正规的及半正规的书信均可. The correct style is to use Yours faithfullyto end a letter which begins Dear Sir/Madam (ie when the name of the person being addressed is not known to the writer) and Yours sincerely/truly after Dear Mr/Mrs/Miss/Ms Smith (ie when the name is known but the person is not well known to the writer). 正确的格式是在信的开头用Dear Sir/Madam（即不认识收信人）, 则信末用Yours faithfully, 而在信的开头用Dear Mr/Mrs/Miss/Ms Smith（即知其名而不熟悉者）则信末用Yours sincerely/truly. *In US English Sincerely, Sincerely yours and Yours truly are often used. 在美式英语中常用Sincerely、 Sincerely yours、 Yours truly. *If the writer knows the addressee personally, the first name is used and With best wishes may be added. 若写信人与收信人相识, 则信的开头用收信人的名字（不用姓）, 信末可加With best wishes. *More familiar still is the use of the first name and Yours

young2
(ever). 关系更密切者, 信的开头用收信人的名字（不用姓）, 信末用Yours (ever).

your
[jC:(r); - juEr; jur] possess det 1 of or belonging to the person or people being addressed 您的; 你的; 你们的: * Excuse me, is this your seat? 请问, 这是您的座位吗? * Your hair's going grey. 你的头发有些灰白了. * You'll see the post office on your right. 在你的右边能看到那个邮局. * Do you like your new job? 你喜欢你的新工作吗? 2 (often derog 常作贬义) (used to refer to sth that the person being addressed is associated with 用以指与对方有关的事物): * These are your famous Oxford colleges (ie the ones you talk about), I suppose. 我想这些就是你常说的那些着名的牛津学院了. * I don't think much of your English weather. 我对你们英国的天气可不太欣赏. * (ironic 反语) You and your bright ideas! 你的高见又来了! 3 (also Your) (used when addressing royal people, important officials, etc 用以称呼皇室人员、 重要官员等): * Your Majesty 陛下 * Your Excellency 阁下. 派生： yours/jC:z; - juErz; jurz] possess pron 1 of or belonging to you 您的; 你的; 你们的: * Is that book yours? 那本书是您的吗? * Is she a friend of yours? 她是你的朋友吗? 2 (usu 通常作 Yours, abbr 缩写 yrs) (used in ending a letter 用於信函的结尾): * Yours sincerely * Yours faithfully * Yours truly （相当於中文书信的‘谨上、 敬上’等）. =>Usage above 用法见上文.

yourself
[jC:'self; - juEr'self; jur'self] (pl -selves[- 5selvz; -`sZlvz/) reflex, emph pron 反身、 强调代词 (onlytaking the main stress in sentences when used emphatically仅用以加强语气时方读重音) 1 (reflex 反身) (used when the person or people addressed cause(s) and is/are affected by an action 作第二人称的反身代词): * Have you `hurt yourself? 你把自己弄伤了吗? 2 (emph 强调) (used to emphasize the person or people addressed 用以加强第二人称的语气): * You yourself are one of the chief offenders. 你自己就是其中一个主犯. * You can try it out for your`selves. 你们自己可以试一试. * Do it your`self I haven't got time. 你自己做--我没有时间. 3 (idm 习语) by your`self/your`selves(a) alone 独自; 单独: * How long were you by yourself in the classroom? 你独自一人在教室里多长时间了? (b) without help 独力; 靠自己: * Are you sure you did this exercise by yourself? 这个练习真是你自己做的吗?

youth
[ju:W; juW] n (pl ~s/ju:Tz; juTz] ) 1 [U] period of being young, esp the time between childhood and maturity 青少年时期: * a wasted (ie unprofitably spent) youth 虚度的青少年时代 * I often went there in my youth. 我小时候常到那里去. * He painted scenes from his youth, ie that reminded him of the time when he was young. 他画的是他年轻时的景色. Cf 参看 age1 2. 2 [U] (fml 文) state or quality of being young 青春; 活力; 朝气; 血气: * Her youth gives her an advantage over the other runners. 她年轻, 这是她比其他赛跑者优越的地方. * She is full of youth and vitality. 她充满了青春和活力. Cf 参看 age1 2. 3 [C] (often derog 常作贬义) young man (esp one in his teens) 青年男子, 小伙子（尤指十馀岁的）: * As a youth he showed little promise. 他这个小伙子, 看不出有什麽出息. * The fight was started by some youths who had been drinking. 这场架是一帮喝醉了的小青年惹起的. 4 (also the youth) [sing or pl v] young people considered as a group 青年人（总称）: * the youth of the country/the country's youth 全国的青年人 * The youth of today has/have greater opportunities than ever before. 现在的青年人比以往任何时候都有更多的机会. * [attrib 作定语] youth culture, ie activities, interests, etc of young people 青年人的文化（活动、 兴趣等）. 5 (idm 习语) the first/full flush of youth => flush1. 派生： youthful[-fl; -fEl] adj having qualities typical of youth; young or seeming young 青年人的; 青春的; 有朝气的; 年轻的; 似年轻的: * a youthful managing director 朝气蓬勃的总经理 * a youthful appearance 少相 * She's a very youthful sixty-five. 她已六十五岁却显得很年轻. youthfully[-fEli; -fEli] adv. youthfulness n [U]. 复合： `youth club club (usu provided by a church, a localauthority or a voluntary organization) for young people'sleisure and social activities 青年俱乐部.

youth1
`youth hostel building in which cheap and simple food and accommodation is provided for (esp young) people on walking, riding or cycling holidays 青年招待所. `youth hostelling staying in youth hostels 住在青年招待所里: go youth hostelling 到青年招待所里去住.

yowl
[jaul; jaul] n loud wailing cry 哀号; 哭号; 号叫. 派生： yowl v [I] utter a yowl 哀号; 哭号; 号叫: kept awake by cats yowling all night 因整夜的猫叫声而无法入睡.

yr
abbr 缩写 = 1 (pl yrs) year: valid for 3 yrs 3年有效 * a race for 2-yr olds, ie horses 两岁马的赛事. 2 your.

yrs
abbr 缩写 = yours: yrs sincerely, ie before a signature on a letter （用作书信署名前的敬语, 相当於中文的‘谨上、 敬上’等）.

YTS
[7wai ti: 'es; 7wai ti 'es] abbr 缩写 = (Brit) Youth Training Scheme 青年训练计画: * We've got a YTS girl helping us. 我们获得参加青年训练的一个姑娘的帮助.

yucca
[5jQkE; 5jQkE] n tall plant with white bell-like flowers and stiff spiky leaves 丝兰（花）.

yuck
[jQk; jQk] interj (sl 俚) (used to express disgust, distaste, etc 用以表示厌恶、 反感等). 派生： yucky adj (-ier, -iest) (sl 俚) nasty; disgusting 讨厌的; 令人厌恶的: yucky school dinners 学校里难吃的饭菜.

yule
[ju:l; jul] (also yule-tide[5ju:ltaid; 5jul7taid] ) n (arch 古) festival of Christmas 圣诞节: * [attrib 作定语] Yule-tide greetings, eg on a Christmas card 恭贺圣诞（如於圣诞贺卡上者）. 复合： `yule-log n large log of wood traditionally burnt on Christmas Eve 圣诞柴（圣诞节前夕烧的木柴）.

yum
yum

yummy
[5jQmi; 5jQmi] adj (infml 口) (used esp by childrenin spoken English 尤用作儿童口语) tasty; delicious 味道好的; 好吃的: * Chocolate cake for tea? How yummy! 有巧克力蛋糕当茶点? 多好吃啊!

yuppie
[5jQpi; 5jQpi] n (infml often derog 口, 常作贬义) young and ambitious professional person, esp one working in a city 雅皮（年轻有为的专业人士, 尤指在城市工作的）.

YWCA
[7wai dQblju: si: 'ei; 7wai dQblju si 'e] (also US infml 美式口语作 Y) abbr 缩写 = Young Women's Christian Association 基督教女青年会: * stay at the YWCA (hostel) 住在基督教女青年会（招待所）.

z
[zed; - zi:; zi] n (pl Z's, z's/zedz; - zi:z; ziz] )1 the twenty-sixth and last letter of the English alphabet; zed 英语字母表的第二十六个也是最後一个字母.2 (idm 习语) from A to Z => A, a1.

zany
[5zeini; 5zeni] adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) amusingly ridiculous; eccentric 滑稽可笑的; 古怪的: * a zany haircut, lifestyle, personality 滑稽古怪的发型、 生活方式、 性格. 派生： zanily adv. zaniness n. zany n comical or eccentric person 滑稽的或古怪的人.

zap
[zAp; zAp] v (-pp-) (infml 口) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (with sth) (a) kill sb, esp with a gun 杀死某人（尤指用枪）. (b) make sb unconscious with a hit, blow, etc; attack sb 将某人打昏; 攻击某人. 2 [Ipr, Ip] move suddenly or quickly in the specified direction （沿某方向）突然或迅速移动: * Have you seen him zapping around town on his new motor bike? 你看见没看见他骑着自己的新摩托车在市区飞驰? 派生： zap n [U] (infml 口) feeling of energy, liveliness, etc; vigour 精力; 活力; 元气: I really admire her she's so full of zap! 我真佩服她--精力那麽充沛! Cf 参看zip2. zappy adj (infml 口) lively and energetic; amusing 活泼的; 精力旺盛的; 好笑的.

zeal
[zi:l; zil] n [U] (fml 文) ~ (for sth) (usu intense) energy or enthusiasm; keenness （通常为高度的）热忱, 热情; 热心: * show zeal for a cause 表现出对一事业的热忱 * work with great zeal 热情洋溢地工作 * revolutionary,religious zeal 革命的、 宗教的热诚. 派生： zealous[5zelEs; 5zelEs] adj full of zeal; eager 热情的; 热心的; 积极的: * zealous for liberty and freedom 为争取自由而积极的 * zealous to succeed at work 一心要做好工作. zealously adv.

zealot
[5zelEt; 5zelEt] n (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) person who is extremely enthusiastic about sth, esp religion or politics; fanatic （对某事物, 尤指宗教或政治）极热心的人; 狂热者. 派生： zealotry[-ri; -ri] n [U] (fml 文) zealous attitude or behaviour 极热心的态度或行为.

zebra
[5zebrE, 'zi:brE; 5zibrE] n (pl unchanged or ~s 复数或不变或作zebras) African wild animal of the horse family with a body covered by black (or dark brown) and white stripes 斑马. 复合： ,zebra `crossing (Brit) part of a road, marked with broad white stripes, where vehicles must stop if pedestrians wish to cross 斑马线（用白色宽条标出的路面部分, 行人欲通过时车辆必须停止）. =>illus 见插图. Cf 参看 pedestrian crossing (pedestrian), pelican crossing (pelican).

zed
[zed; zed] (US zee/zi:; zi] ) n the letter Z Z字母: * There are two zeds in `puzzle'. 在puzzle一字中有两个z字母.

Zeitgeist
[5zaitgaist; 5zait7gaist] n (German 德) spirit of a particular period of history as shown by the ideas, beliefs, etc of the time 时代精神.

Zen
[zen; zen] n [U] Japanese form of Buddhism that stresses the importance of meditation more than the reading of religious writings 禅, 禅宗（日本佛教宗派, 注重静坐沉思而并非诵读经文）: * [attrib 作定语] Zen Buddhism 禅宗佛教.

zenith
[5zeniW; 5ziniW] n 1 point in the heavens directly above an observer 天顶（观测者正上方的天空）. Cf 参看 nadir. 2 (fig 比喻) highest point (of power, prosperity, etc); peak （权力、 繁荣等的）最高点; 顶点: * reach the zenith of one's career, power, influence 达到事业的、 权力的、 影响力的顶峰 * At its zenith the Roman empire covered almost the whole of Europe. 罗马帝国的全盛时期几乎占据了整个欧洲.

zephyr
[5zefE(r); 5zefl] n (dated or fml 旧或文) soft gentle breeze 和风; 微风.

Zeppelin
[5zepElin; 5zepElin] n type of large airship used by the Germans in World War I 齐柏林飞艇（第一次世界大战中德国使用的大型飞艇）.

zero
[5ziErEu; 5ziro] pron, det 1 0; one less than one; nought 0; 零: * Five, four, three, two, one, zero. We have lift-off! 五、 四、 叁、 二、 一、 零. 我们升空了! 2 lowest point; nothing; nil 最低点; 没有; 无: * Economic growth is at zero, ie is not increasing. 经济无增长. * Prospects of success in the talks were put at zero. 会谈没有成功的希望. 3 (a) point between plus (+) and minus () on a scale, esp on a thermometer （刻度上的）零点, 零位; （尤指温度计的）零度: * The thermometer fell to zero lastnight. 昨夜温度计显示气温下降到零度. (b) temperature,pressure, etc that corresponds to zero on a scale （相当於零度的）温度、 压力等: * It was really cold last night ten degrees below zero, ie 10C, ten degrees belowthe freezing point of water. 昨夜真冷--零下十度（10C）. =>Usage at nought 用法见nought. 4 (infml 口 esp US) nothing at all; none 毫无; 没有: * Politics has zero interest for me, ie I am not at all interested in it. 我对政治丝毫不感兴趣. 派生： zero n (pl ~s) the number 0 *0; 零; 零号. zero v (phr v) zero in on sb/sth 1 aim guns, etc at or find the range of (a particular target) （将枪炮等）瞄准（某目标）或调整到（某目标的）射程. 2 (fig 比喻) fix attention on sb/sth; focus on sb/sth 将注意力集中於某人[某事物]; 将焦点调到某人[某事物]上: zero in on the key issues for discussion 把注意力集中到讨论的关键问题上来. 复合： zero `growth no increase at all 毫无增长: zero growthin industrial output, the economy, population 工业生产、 经济、 人口毫无增长. `zero-hour n time when a military operation, an attack, etc is planned to start （部署的军事行动、 攻击等的）开始时刻: Zero-hour is 3.30 am. 发动攻击的时刻是凌晨3时30分. `zero-rated adj (of goods, services, etc) on which no value added tax is charged （指货物、 服务等）免付增值税的.

zest
[zest; zest] n [U, sing] 1 ~ (for sth) great enjoyment or excitement; gusto 极大的快乐或兴奋; 热情; 兴趣: * Her zest for life is as great as ever. 她对生活的极大乐趣一如既往. * He entered into our plans withterrific zest. 他满腔热情地参加了我们的项目. 2 (qualityof) having added interest, flavour, charm, etc 增加的兴 趣、 风味、 魅力等（的性质）: * The element of risk gave (an) added zest to the adventure. 这种冒险成分更给探险活动平添几分乐趣. 3 outer skin of oranges, lemons, etc when used as a flavouring in cooking （用於烹饪时调味的）橙子、 柠檬等的外皮. Cf 参看 peeln, rind,skin4. > zestful[-ful; -fEl] adj. zestfully[-fuli; -fEli] adv.

zigzag
[5zigzAg; 5zigzAg] adj [attrib 作定语] (of a line, path, etc) turning right and left alternately at sharp angles （指线条、 小径等）锯齿形的, 之字形的, Z字形的: * a zigzag road, course, flash of lightning 弯弯曲曲的道路、 路线、 闪电. 派生： zigzag n line, path, etc forming a zigzag 锯齿形的线条、 小径等. zigzag v (-gg-) [I, Ipr, Ip] go in a zigzag 曲折地前进: The narrow path zigzags up the cliff. 这条狭窄的小径曲曲折折地向峭壁伸延. =>illus at pattern 见pattern插图.

zillion
[5ziliEn; 5ziljEn] n (infml 口 esp US) very large but indefinite number 极大而不确定的数目: * [attrib 作定语] She's a zillion times brainier than I am. 她比我聪明亿万倍.

zinc
[ziNk; ziNk] n [U] chemical element, a bluish-white metal used in alloys and to cover iron sheets, wire, etc as a protection against rust 锌. =>App 10 见附录10.

zing
[ziN; ziN] n [U] (infml 口) liveliness; energy 活力;精力; 生命力: * You need to put more zing into your playing.你在这一活动中需要再增加些干劲.

Zion
[5zaiEn; 5zaiEn] n 1 the Jewish religion 犹太教.2 the Christian Church 基督教会. 3 the kingdom of Heaven 天国; 天堂.

Zionism
[5zaiEnizEm; 5zaiEn7izEm] n [U] political movement concerned with the establishment and political and religious development of an independent Jewish state in what is now Israel 犹太复国运动. 派生： Zionist[5zaiEnist; 5zaiEnist] n person who supports Zionism 犹太复国运动的支持者或拥护者.

zip
[zip; zip] n 1 (also esp Brit `zip-fastener, esp US zipper) [C] device for bringing together or separating two rows of metal or plastic teeth by means of a sliding tab, used for fastening clothing, baggage, etc 拉 ; 拉锁: * The zip on my anorak has got stuck. 我的皮猴上的拉 卡住了. 2 [U] (infml 口) vigour; energy 活力; 精力. Cf 参看 zapn. 3 [sing] short sharp sound, eg of a bullet going through the air 飕（如子弹穿过空气的尖啸声）. 派生： zip v (-pp-) 1 [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p, Cn.a] fasten or unfasten (clothes, baggage, etc) with a zip(1) 拉上或拉开（衣物、 袋子等）的拉 : She zipped her bag open. 她拉开了袋子的拉 . 2 (phr v) zip across, along, through,etc move vigorously or quickly in the specified direction 活跃地或迅速地沿某方向运动: She's just zipped into town to buy some food. 她像一阵风似的进城去买些食物. * After a slow beginning, the play fairly zips along in the second act. 这出戏开场演得很慢, 到第二幕时进行得就很快了. =>Usage at whiz 用法见whiz. zip (sb/sth) up fasten with a zip 拉上拉 : Will you zip me up, please? 请给我拉上拉 行吗? * The dress zips up at the back. 这件连衣裙是用拉 在後面拉上的. zippy adj (-ier, -iest) (infml 口) full of zip; lively and energetic 充满活力的; 活泼的; 精力充沛的.

zircon
[5zE:kCn; 5zE7kan] n (a) [C] translucent bluish-white gem 锆石. (b) [U] mineral from which this is cut 锆英石.

zither
[5ziTE(r); 5ziTl] n musical instrument with many strings on a box-like body, played by plucking with a plectrum and the fingers 齐特琴（琴体呈匣形, 上有很多弦, 用拨子及手指拨奏）.

zodiac
[5zEudiAk; 5zodi7Ak] n (a) the zodiac [sing] imaginary band of the sky containing the positions of the sun, the moon and the main planets, divided into 12 equal parts (the signs of the zodiac), named after 12 groups of stars 黄道带（天球上的假想带, 日、 月、 行星在其中分成12等份, 即黄道12宫signs of the zodiac, 依12星群命名）. =>illus 见插图. (b) [C] (usu circular) diagram of these signs used in astrology to predict the future （通常为圆形的）黄道12宫图（用於占星术中预测未来）. Cf 参看 horoscope. > zodiacal/zEu'daiEkl; zo'daiEkl] adj. NOTE ON USAGE 用法: The signs of the zodiac are used in astrology and horoscopes (often called `The Stars') in newspapers and magazines. *signs of the zodiac（黄道12宫）用於占星术及报刊中的天宫图（常称为The Stars）. *People often refer to the signs and tothe influence they are supposed to have on somebody's personality and fate 人们常提到星座及其所谓对人的性格及命运的主宰: She was born under Gemini. 她属双子座. * His birthday's on 19 October. He's (a) Libra/a Libran. 他的生日是10月19日. 他属天秤座. * She is a typical Taurus/Taurean/has a typical Taurean personality. 她有典型的金牛座性格.

zombie
[5zCmbi; 5zambi] n 1 (in various African and Caribbean religions) dead body that has been brought to life again by witchcraft （非洲及加勒比人诸宗教中）靠巫术起死回生的僵 . 2 (infml 口) dull lifeless person who seems to act without thinking or not to be aware of what is happening around him; automaton 迟钝无生气的人（举动似不经思考或对周围事物麻木不仁者）; 动作呆板而不动脑筋的人.

zone
[zEun; zon] n 1 area, band or stripe that is different from its surroundings in colour, texture, appearance, etc （颜色、 质地、 外观等与周围不同的）区域、 环带或条. 2 area or region with a particular feature or use （有某特点或用途的）区域或范围: * the erogenous zones of the body 身体的性感带 * a nuclear-free, parking, war, time zone 无核区、 停车场、 战区、 时区 * industrial, residential, etc zones 工业、 住宅...区 * smokeless zones, ie urban areas in which only smokeless fuels may be used in houses, factories, etc 无烟区（房屋、 工厂等中只准使用无烟燃料的市区） * Danger zone keep out! 危险区--不可靠近! 3 one of five parts (the `torridzone, North and South `temperate zones and Northand South `frigid zones) that the earth's surface is divided into by imaginary lines parallel to the equator 地球表面与赤道平行的五条设想的气温带（热带、 北温带、 南温带、 北寒带、 南寒带）之一. 4 (esp US) area within which certain railway, postal, telephone, etc charges apply （为铁路、 邮政、 电话等计算费用的）铁路段, 邮区, 电话分区. 派生： zonal[5zEunl; 5zonl] adj relating to or arranged in zones (zone 2) 区域的; 分成区的; 划成范围的. zone v [Tn] 1 divide or mark (sth or a place) into zones (zone 2) 将（某物或某处）分成或划成区域或范围. 2 assign (sth) to a particular area 将（某事物）划归某区域. zoning n [U].

zonked
[zCNkt; zaNkt] adj [pred 作表语] ~ (out) (sl 俚) 1 drugged or drunk 麻醉了; 喝醉了. 2 very tired; exhausted 极疲倦; 筋疲力尽: * I feel utterly zonked. 我感到精疲力竭了.

zoo
[zu:; zu] n (pl ~s) (also fml 正规作 zoological gardens) place (eg a garden, park, etc) where living (esp wild) animals are kept for exhibition, study and breeding 动物园: * The children enjoy going to the zoo. 儿童喜欢到动物园去. 复合： `zoo-keeper n person employed in a zoo to take care of the animals 动物园管理员.

zoology
[zEu'ClEdVi; zo'alEdVi] n [U] scientific study of the structure, form and distribution of animals 动物学. 派生： zoological[7zEuE'lCdVikl; 7zoE'ladVikl] adj of orrelating to zoology 动物学的. zoologically[-kli; -kli] adv. ,zoological `gardens (fml 文) = zoo. zoologist/zEu'ClEdVist; zo'alEdVist] n expert in or student of zoology 动物学家; 动物学研究者. Cf 参看 biology, botany.

zoom
[zu:m; zum] v 1 [I, Ipr, Ip] (of aircraft, cars, etc) move very quickly, esp with a buzzing or humming noise （指飞行器、 汽车等）急速移动（尤指发出嗡嗡声或轰轰声）: * zooming along the motorway 沿高速公路嗡的一声疾驶而去 * The jet zoomed low over our heads. 喷气式飞机在我们头顶上空轰的一声低飞而过. =>Usage at whiz 用法见whiz. 2 [I, Ip] (fig infml 比喻, 口) (of prices, costs, etc) rise sharply; soar （指价格、 费用等）急升, 猛涨: * Overnight trading caused share prices to zoom (up). 一夜的交投使股票价格直线上升. 3 (phr v) zoom in (on sb/sth)[out (of cameras) make the size of the object being photographed appear bigger/smaller by using a zoom lens （指照相机等）用变焦距镜头使景物放大[缩小]. 派生： zoom n [sing] sound or act of zooming (zoom1) （指飞行器或汽车等）急速的移动, 急速移动时发出的声音. 复合： `zoom lens camera lens that can be adjusted to make the object being photographed appear gradually bigger or smaller so that it seems to be getting steadily closer or more distant 变焦距镜头.

zoophyte
[5zEuEfait; 5zoE7fait] n plant-like sea-animal, eg a sea anemone, coral, etc 似植物的海洋动物（如海葵、 珊瑚虫等）.

zucchini
[zu'ki:ni; zu'kini] n (pl unchanged or ~s 复数或不变或作zucchinis) (esp US) = courgette.

Zulu
[5zu:lu:; 5zulu] n 1 [C] member of a Bantu people of S Africa 祖鲁人（南非班图人的成员）. 2 [U] their language 祖鲁语. 派生： Zulu adj of the Zulu people or their